hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Higher Education Act 2004
The Higher Education Act 2004 (c. 8) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that introduced several changes to the higher education system in the United Kingdom, the most important and controversial being a major change to the funding of universities, and the operation of tuition fees, which affects England and Wales.  University funding is a devolved matter for Northern Ireland and Scotland. After complex and controversial debates, the Higher Education Bill received royal assent on 1 July 2004.

Arts and Humanities Research Council
The Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for supporting research and innovation in the arts and humanities.
Allotropes of carbon
Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes (structurally different forms of the same element) due to its valency (tetravalent). Well-known forms of carbon include diamond and graphite. In recent decades, many more allotropes have been discovered and researched, including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and sheets such as graphene. Larger-scale structures of carbon include nanotubes, nanobuds and nanoribbons. Other unusual forms of carbon exist at very high temperatures or extreme pressures. Around 500 hypothetical 3‑periodic allotropes of carbon are known at the present time, according to the Samara Carbon Allotrope Database (SACADA).

Graphene nanoribbon
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs, also called nano-graphene ribbons or nano-graphite ribbons) are strips of graphene with width less than 100 nm. Graphene ribbons were introduced as a theoretical model by Mitsutaka Fujita and coauthors to examine the edge and nanoscale size effect in graphene. Some earlier studies of graphitic ribbons within the area of conductive polymers in the field of synthetic metals include works by Kazuyoshi Tanaka, Tokio Yamabe and co-authors, Steven Kivelson and Douglas J. Klein. While Tanaka, Yamabe and Kivelson studied so-called zigzag and armchair edges of graphite, Klein introduced a different edge geometry that is frequently referred to as a bearded edge.
Benjamin Banneker Academy
Benjamin Banneker Academy for Community Development (usually called Banneker) is a public high school located in the Clinton Hill section of Brooklyn, New York City. The school was originally a Drake's Cakes factory. Still today, different floors of the school are in Drake's colors, blue and yellow. It has a small, but family type atmosphere for a high school. It is usually called a junior college because the faculty and students are so focused on college.  Banneker, which serves grades 9 through 12+, is operated by the New York City Department of Education. Many of the graduates attend SUNY schools, HBCUs (historically black colleges and universities) and CUNY schools. There are also a few that attend Ivy League schools and a few are recruited for Posse schools. The school's graduation rate has been at least 90% since 2002.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Vannelli
Vannelli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gino Vannelli (born 1952), Italian-Canadian singer, songwriter, musician and composer

Joe Vannelli (born 1950), Italian-Canadian musician, composer and record producer, elder brother of Gino and Ross (born 1956)

Tom Vannelli (born 1955), American ice hockey player and coach

Gino Vannelli
Gino Vannelli (born June 16, 1952) is a Canadian rock singer and songwriter who had several hit songs in the 1970s and 1980s. His best-known singles include "People Gotta Move" (1974), "I Just Wanna Stop" (1978), "Living Inside Myself" (1981) and "Wild Horses" (1987).
1970 NAIA Division II football season
The 1970 NAIA Division II football season was the 15th season of college football sponsored by the NAIA and the first season of play of the NAIA's lower division for football. Prior to the season, the NAIA split its football competition into two separate championships: Divisions I and II.

The season was played from August to November 1970 and culminated in the 1970 NAIA Division II Football National Championship, played on December 13, 1970 at Taggert Stadium in New Castle, Pennsylvania .

The Westminster Titans defeated the Anderson Ravens in the championship game, 21–16, to win their first NAIA national title.

NAIA Division II football national championship
The NAIA Division II football national championship was a postseason playoff system featuring the best NAIA Division II college football teams in the United States. It was played annually between 1970 and 1996 when NAIA football play was divided into two divisions based on school enrollment size; the NAIA Division I football national championship was played separately. It was typically held at the home field of the higher-seeded team. The championship was discontinued in 1997 after the two divisions were consolidated once again. The singular NAIA football national championship has been held every year since.

Westminster (PA) was the most successful team at the Division II level, winning the national title six times.
Hela (caste)
The Hela are a Hindu caste found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are a sub-group within the larger patel community of North India.

The Hela are a community of agricultural labourers. They are found mainly in the districts of Varanasi, Ghazipur, Maharajganj, Kushinagar and Mirzapur. They are divided into five sub-groups, the Supa Bhagat, Chaudhary, Nourchinwa, Lalbegi and Shaikh-Hela. Traditionally, the community was hierarchical, with the Bhagat considering themselves superior to the other sub-groups.

The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Hela population as 52,314.

Ghazipur district
Ghazipur district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Ghazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Varanasi Division. The region of Ghazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose-scented Spray called Gulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India, Lord Cornwallis, who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and is conserved by Archaeological Survey of India.
RALA
Ras-related protein Ral-A (RalA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALA gene on chromosome 7. This protein is one of two paralogs of the Ral protein, the other being RalB, and part of the Ras GTPase family. RalA functions as a molecular switch to activate a number of biological processes, majorly cell division and transport, via signaling pathways. Its biological role thus implicates it in many cancers.

EXOC2
Exocyst complex component 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EXOC2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex, a multiple protein complex essential for targeting exocytic vesicles to specific docking sites on the plasma membrane. Though best characterized in yeast, the component proteins and the functions of the exocyst complex have been demonstrated to be highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. At least eight components of the exocyst complex, including this protein, are found to interact with the actin cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle transport machinery. This interaction has been shown to mediate filopodia formation in fibroblasts.
Istiglal anti-materiel rifle
The İstiglal IST-14.5 anti-materiel rifle (also known as the Istiglal and means independence in Turkish and Azerbaijan Language) is a recoil-operated, semi-automatic anti-materiel sniper rifle produced by Telemexanika zavodu (Factory of Telemechanics), subsidiary of the Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan.

The Istiglal is chambered for the 14.5×114mm round.

Sniper rifle
A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long-range rifle. Requirements include high accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment, and optics, for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses by military snipers. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired rifle with either a bolt action or semi-automatic action, fitted with a telescopic sight for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance centerfire cartridge.
Mojave River League
The Mojave River League is a high school athletic league that is part of the CIF Southern Section. Members are located in the Hesperia and Apple Valley area of San Bernardino County, California, north of Cajon Pass in the San Gabriel Mountains.

Hesperia, California
Hesperia (/hɛˈspɪəriə/) is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is located 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Bernardino in Victor Valley and surrounded by the Mojave Desert. Because of its relatively high elevation and the unique and moderate weather patterns of the region, Hesperia is part of what is locally called the High Desert. The name "Hesperia" means "western land". At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 99,818.
M. R. Rangaswami
M.R. (Madhavan) Rangaswami (born 1955) is an Indian-American investor, entrepreneur, corporate eco-strategy expert, and philanthropist. Recognized as a software business expert, he participated in the rapid expansion of the Silicon Valley software industry during his tenure as an executive at both large and small software companies. In 1997, he co-founded Sand Hill Group, one of the earliest “angel” investment firms: in 2007, he founded Corporate Eco Forum.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Welcome Way
The Welcome Way is a 36-mile (58 km) walking route in West Yorkshire, England. It connects Otley, Baildon, Burley in Wharfedale and Bingley, and takes its name from the Walkers are Welcome scheme of which all four towns are members. It was launched in 2015. It is waymarked in both directions, and good public transport connections enable walkers to use the route for a variety of short walks.

A second edition of the guidebook to the Welcome Way was published in 2021 after several improvements had been made to the route.

The Welcome Way route has formed the basis of an ultramarathon route.

Baildon
Baildon is a town and civil parish in the Bradford Metropolitan Borough in West Yorkshire, England and within the historic boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire.

It lies 3 miles (5 km) north of Bradford city centre. The town forms a continuous urban area with Shipley and Bradford, and is part of the West Yorkshire Built-up Area. Other nearby suburbs include Shipley to the south and Saltaire to the west. As of the 2011 census, the Baildon ward had a population of 15,360.
Esa Piironen
Esa Erkki Piironen (born 25 October 1943 in Turku) is a Finnish architect. He studied architecture at Helsinki University of Technology, qualifying as an architect in 1970. He studied architecture and urban design in North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina, and was awarded the Master of Architecture in 1972. He was working as a teaching assistant at Helsinki University of Technology 1972–81, and was awarded Licentiate in Technology in 1978. Visiting professor at Guangdong University of Technology School of Art and Design starting from 2012.

Master of Architecture
The Master of Architecture (M.Arch. or MArch) is a graduate professional degree in architecture qualifying the graduate to move through the various stages of professional accreditation (internship, exams) that result in receiving a license.
Podersdorf am See
Podersdorf am See (Hungarian: Pátfalu) is a market town in the district of Neusiedl am See in Burgenland in the east of Austria on the shore of the Neusiedler See.  It is home to a windmill and lake (pictured below).

The town is a local center of tourism with generous bathing facilities. Originally a tiny peasant dwelling owned by the Heiligenkreuz Abbey, the economy is now based on tourism and quality wine making.

Heiligenkreuz Abbey
Heiligenkreuz Abbey (German: Stift Heiligenkreuz, lit. 'Abbey of the Holy Cross') is a Cistercian monastery in the village of Heiligenkreuz in the southern part of the Vienna woods, c. 13 km north-west of Baden in Lower Austria. It is the oldest continuously occupied Cistercian monastery in the world.
Andre Rodgers National Baseball Stadium
Andre Rodgers National Baseball Stadium is a baseball stadium in Nassau, Bahamas. Opening in 2022, it is the largest baseball-specific stadium in the country, and is built to international and Major League Baseball standards.

Andre Rodgers Stadium hosted the 2022 Caribbean Baseball Cup, a qualifying tournament for the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games. It is also set to host the Caribbean Baseball Cup in October 2024, as well as the U-15 Baseball World Cup in August 2024.

The stadium is named after Andre Rodgers, one of the first Bahamians to play in Major League Baseball.

U-15 Baseball World Cup
The U-15 Baseball World Cup is the 15-and-under baseball world championship that features national teams as authorized ("sanctioned") by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). It began in 1989 as the World Youth Baseball Championship. In 2012 it became the 15U Baseball World Cup and is contested every two years. Because it is a world championship event, the results of the 15U Baseball World Cup affect the WBSC World Rankings.
Shimon Bar-Efrat
Shimon Bar-Efrat (Hebrew: שמעון בר-אפרת; 1929–2010) was an Israeli Old Testament scholar. He was Head of Biblical Studies at the Hebrew University Secondary School in Jerusalem, and is best known for his book, Narrative Art in the Bible, in which he "provides a catalogue of literary techniques and devices found in Old Testament narratives." Jeffrey Staley suggests that, along with Robert Alter, Adele Berlin, and Meir Sternberg, Bar-Efrat is a master of "leading the reader through the sudden twists and sharp turns, the steep ridges and dizzying drop-offs that make up the art of ancient Hebrew characterization."

Bar-Efrat had also written commentaries on 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel.

He died unexpectedly in 2010.

Hebrew University Secondary School
Hebrew University High School (Hebrew: התיכון ליד האוניברסיטה), commonly known as Leyada (lit. 'next to'), is a semi-private high school in Jerusalem, established in 1935 by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The school is located next to the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University. It is considered one of the country's most prestigious and selective institutions of secondary education.
Hughes Mound Site
The Hughes Mound Site, (3SA11), is an archeological site in Saline County, Arkansas near Benton. The 4.5-acre (1.8 ha) is an important Caddoan Mississippian culture village center, at the northeastern frontier of that civilization.  It is the only known platform mound site south of Benton on the Saline River.  The site has not been dated, but artifacts found there are consistent with the Caddoan period; no contact-period artifacts have been found.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 for its potential to yield information in the future.

Saline River (Ouachita River tributary)
The Saline River, also known as Saline Creek, is a 202-mile-long (325 km) tributary of the Ouachita River in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Arkansas. It is the longest river that flows entirely within the state of Arkansas.
Adam Meyers
Adam Henry Meyers (July 18, 1812 – July 31, 1875) was a lawyer and political figure in Canada West. He represented North Northumberland then Northumberland in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1844 to 1851.

He was the son of Adam Henry Meyers, a native of Hanover, Germany, and Mary H. Wallbridge. Meyers practised law in Trenton and was a friend of John A. Macdonald. In August 1853, Meyers was shot and wounded by a man named Charles Marsh because, it was alleged, Meyers had seduced Marsh's sister; Marsh was sentenced to 14 years in the provincial penitentiary. Meyers was an unsuccessful candidate for the Northumberland seat in the assembly in 1861. He was named lieutenant-colonel for the local militia in 1869.

Trenton, Ontario
Trenton (2001 population 16,770) is a large community in Central Ontario in the municipality of Quinte West, Ontario, Canada. Located on the Bay of Quinte, it is the starting point for the Trent-Severn Waterway, which continues northwest to Peterborough and eventually Port Severn on Georgian Bay.
Psychromarinibacter
Psychromarinibacter is a Gram-negative, strictlyaerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobacteraceae with one known species (Psychromarinibacter halotolerans). Psychromarinibacter halotolerans has been isolated from seawater from the Yellow Sea.

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
Herbert Sheetz
Herbert Nicholas Sheetz (March 4, 1882 – April 14, 1958) was an American college football coach. He served as the head football coach at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania from 1907 to 1908, compiling a record of 7–7–3.

Meadville, Pennsylvania
Meadville is a city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,050 at the 2020 census. The first permanent settlement in Northwestern Pennsylvania, Meadville is within 40 miles (64 km) of Erie and within 90 miles (140 km) of Pittsburgh. It is the principal city of the  Meadville micropolitan area, as well as part of the larger Erie–Meadville combined statistical area.
John Wandesford (Kirklington MP, died 1664)
John Wandesford (c. 1632–1664), of Kirklington, North Yorkshire was an English and politician who sat in the House of Commons during the mid-17th century. He represented Kirklington as a Member of Parliament and was active in local Yorkshire affairs during the Restoration period.

Wandesford was born circa 1632, the fourth son of Sir Christopher Wandesford and Alice (née Osborne) Wandesford. He attended Bedale grammar school, Chester grammar school, Richmond grammar school, and Christ’s College, Cambridge. He never married. He died in London on 2 December 1664.

King's School, Chester
The King's School, Chester, is a co-educational private day school for pupils aged 4 to 18. It is one of the seven 'King's Schools' established (or re-endowed and renamed) by King Henry VIII in 1541 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

It is situated outside the city of Chester, England. The school is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The school comprises an Infant school (years 4–7), a Junior school (years 7–11), a Senior school (years 11–16) and a Sixth form (years 16–18) in which the students choose their A-level subjects.
2025 Motegi GT 300km
The 2025 Motegi GT 300km was the eighth and final round of the 2025 Super GT Series. It was held at the Twin Ring Motegi in Motegi, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan on November 2, 2025.

The GT500 category was won by Sho Tsuboi and Kenta Yamashita in the #1 TGR Team au TOM'S Toyota GR Supra GT500, whilst Iori Kimura and Yusuke Shiotsu won the GT300 category in the #5 Team Mach Toyota 86 MC GT300.

Toyota 86
The Toyota 86 and the Subaru BRZ are 2+2 sports cars jointly developed by Toyota and Subaru, manufactured at Subaru's Gunma assembly plant.

The 2+2 fastback coupé has a naturally aspirated boxer engine, front-engined, rear-wheel-drive configuration, 53/47 front/rear weight balance and low centre of gravity; it was inspired by Toyota's earlier AE86, a small, light, front-engine/rear-drive Corolla variant widely popular for Showroom Stock, Group A, Group N, Rally, Club and drift racing.

For the first-generation model, Toyota marketed the sports car as the 86 in Asia, Australia, North America (from August 2016), South Africa, and South America; as the Toyota GT86 in Europe; as the 86 and GT86 in New Zealand; as the Toyota FT86 in Brunei, Nicaragua and Jamaica and as the Scion FR-S (2012–2016) in the United States and Canada.

The second-generation model is marketed by Toyota as the GR86 as part of the Gazoo Racing family.
Southern Writers Conference
The Southern Writers Conference was held at the University of Virginia in 1931 to discuss “The Relation of the Southern Author to His Public.” It was organized by Virginia Quarterly Review editor James Southall Wilson and presided over by Ellen Glasgow and DuBose Heyward. Notable attending writers included Sherwood Anderson, James Branch Cabell, Dubose Heyward, Paul Green, Allen Tate, Caroline Gordon, Donald Davidson, Mary Johnston, James Boyd, Struthers Burt, Josephine Pinckney, and William Faulkner.

Donald Davidson (poet)
Donald Grady Davidson (August 8, 1893 – April 25, 1968) was an American poet, essayist, social and literary critic, and author. An English professor at Vanderbilt University from 1920 to 1965, he was a founding member of the Fugitives and the overlapping group Southern Agrarians, two literary groups based in Nashville, Tennessee. He was a supporter of segregation in the United States.
Asela de Armas Pérez
Asela de Armas Pérez (6 December 1954 – 7 July 2021) was a Cuban chess player who held the FIDE title of Woman International Master (1978). She was a ten-time winner of the Cuban Women's Chess Championship (1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1988).

Cuban Chess Championship
In the second part of the 19th century, Celso Golmayo Zúpide had been generally accepted as Cuban champion since his 1862 match defeat of Félix Sicre. In 1912–1937 Cuban Championship as Copa Dewar occurred. Maria Teresa Mora was the first woman who won Copa Dewar in 1922.