hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regular tree grammar
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a regular tree grammar is a formal grammar that describes a set of directed trees, or terms. A regular word grammar can be seen as a special kind of regular tree grammar, describing a set of single-path trees.

Path (graph theory)
In graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices which, by most definitions, are all distinct (and since the vertices are distinct, so are the edges). A directed path (sometimes called dipath) in a directed graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of distinct vertices, but with the added restriction that the edges be all directed in the same direction.

Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See e.g. Bondy & Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005). Korte et al. (1990) cover more advanced algorithmic topics concerning paths in graphs.
Bembe people
The Bembe people (Babembe in the plural) are an ethnic group based in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kigoma Region of Tanzania. They live mainly in the territory of Fizi in South Kivu. The Bembe are also in the province of Tanganyika in the city of Kalemie. In 1991, the Bembe population of the DRC was estimated to number 252,000 and around 1.5 million in 2005.

They are representative of many ethnic traditions, including pre-Lega, Boyo-Kunda, Hemba and Bemba.

Kigoma Region
Kigoma Region (Mkoa wa Kigoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, with the city of  Kigoma as the regional capital. Kigoma Region borders Kagera Region, Geita Region, Katavi Region, Tabora Region, DRC and Burundi According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 2,127,930, which was higher than the pre-census projection of 1,971,332.: page 2  For 2002–2012, the region's 2.4 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the fourteenth highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the sixteenth most densely populated region with 57 people per square kilometer.: page 6  With a size of 45,066 square kilometres (17,400 sq mi), the region is slightly smaller than Estonia (45,227 square kilometres (17,462 sq mi)).
Wales Interpretation and Translation Service
The Wales Interpretation and Translation Service (WITS; Welsh: Gwasanaeth Cyfieithu a Dehongli Cymru; GCDC) is a not-for-profit quango providing 24-hour linguistic services to public authorities in Wales, including councils, police forces, health and social services, but not courts.

The services offered include interpreting, translation and transcription, and cover approximately 135 languages & dialects including British Sign Language. The linguists are security vetted to national police employment standards and assessed and trained in professional interpreting.

It had a place on the steering committee of Professional Interpreters for Justice (PI4J), an umbrella group formed in 2011 to campaign against the Ministry of Justice language services framework agreement.

Transcription (service)
A transcription service is a business service that converts speech (either live or recorded) into a written or electronic text document. Transcription services are often provided for business, academic, legal, or medical purposes. The most common type of transcription is from a spoken-language source into text. Common examples are the proceedings of a court hearing such as a criminal trial (by a court reporter) or a physician's recorded voice notes (medical transcription).

Some transcription businesses can send staff to events, speeches, or seminars, who then convert the spoken content into text. Some companies also accept recorded speech, either on cassette, CD, VHS, or as sound files. For a transcription service, various individuals and organizations have different rates and methods of pricing. Transcription companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state, and federal government agencies and courts, trade associations, meeting planners, and nonprofits.
Lamborghini Asterion
The Lamborghini Asterion LPI 910-4 (LPI being an abbreviation for Longitudinale Posteriore Ibrido) is a concept hybrid car manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Lamborghini, which was unveiled at the 2014 Paris Motor Show. The car is named after a Minotaur called Asterion and was to be Lamborghini's first hybrid model. The half man – half bull Minotaur was chosen keeping in mind Lamborghini's tradition of naming their cars after a bull while alluding to its usage of different modes of power.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
SpaceX CRS-2
SpaceX CRS-2, also known as SpX-2, was the fourth flight for SpaceX's uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft, the fifth and final flight for the company's two-stage Falcon 9 v1.0 launch vehicle, and the second SpaceX operational mission contracted to NASA under a Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract.

The launch occurred on 1 March 2013. A minor technical issue on the Dragon spacecraft involving the RCS thruster pods occurred upon reaching orbit, but it was recoverable. The vehicle was released from the station on 26 March 2013, at 10:56 UTC and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean at 16:34 UTC.

Reaction control system
A reaction control system (RCS) is a spacecraft system that uses thrusters to provide attitude control and translation. Alternatively, reaction wheels can be used for attitude control, rather than RCS. Use of diverted engine thrust to provide stable attitude control of a short-or-vertical takeoff and landing aircraft below conventional winged flight speeds, such as with the Harrier "jump jet", may also be referred to as a reaction control system.

Reaction control systems are capable of providing small amounts of thrust in any desired direction or combination of directions. An RCS is also capable of providing torque to allow control of rotation (roll, pitch, and yaw).

Reaction control systems often use combinations of large and small (vernier) thrusters, to allow different levels of response.
Kriushi
Kriushi (Russian: Криуши; Bashkir: Керәүеш, Keräweş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kalinnikovsky Selsoviet, Birsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 56 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Birsky District
Birsky District (Russian: Би́рский райо́н; Bashkir: Бөрө районы,Börö rayonı; Meadow Mari: Пӱрӧ кундем, Pürö kundem; Tatar: Бөре районы, Böre rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Burayevsky District in the north, Mishkinsky District in the northeast and east, Blagoveshchensky District in the southeast, Kushnarenkovsky District in the south, and with Dyurtyulinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,786.49 square kilometers (689.77 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Birsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,924.
Mr. Wrong (song)
"Mr. Wrong" is a song taken from American R&B singer Mary J. Blige's album My Life II... The Journey Continues (Act 1) (2011). It features rapper Drake. The song was written by Drake, Jim Jonsin, Danny Morris, and Rico Love, while production was helmed by Jonsin and Love. The song contains a sample from "Me and Mrs. Jones" (1972) by American singer Billy Paul. Due to the inclusion of the sample, Kenneth Gamble, Leon Huff, and Cary Gilbert are also credited as songwriters. The song was released as the album's second official single on October 28, 2011.

Rap-Up
Rap-Up is a magazine launched in 2001 by founder Devin Lazerine. The publication was originally a website devoted to hip hop, until Lazerine decided to pitch the possibility of a magazine to several publishers. The magazine is focused on the hip hop and R&B aspect of the music industry, and predominantly features interviews with artists, actors and other entertainers. Issued quarterly, the magazine's target audience was the 14 to 28 demographic, although the demographic has become older over time.

The magazine's first two issues were one time deals, although Lazerine and his brother Cameron received attention for their age and white background. The magazine restarted publication in 2005, when it managed to sell enough copies to ensure future releases. A separate handbook has been released, chronicling the history of hip hop, "Rap-Up:The Ultimate Guide to Hip-Hop and R&B".
Magoo's Puddle Jumper
Magoo's Puddle Jumper is a 1956 animated short produced by UPA for Columbia Pictures. Directed by Pete Burness and produced by Stephen Bosustow, Magoo's Puddle Jumper won the 1957 Oscar for Short Subjects (Cartoons).

Pete Burness
Wilson David "Pete" Burness (June 16, 1904 – July 21, 1969) was an American animator and animation director. He was perhaps best known for his work on the Mr. Magoo series. He also contributed to the Tom and Jerry series, Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies, and Rocky and His Friends.
Gibbosporina papillospora
Gibbosporina papillospora is a species of foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016 by Norwegian lichenologist Arve Elvebakk. The type was collected from Mount Mariveles (Bataan province, Philippines) by American botanist Elmer Drew Merrill in 1908. The specific epithet nitida, derived from the Latin papilla ("small wart" or "nipple"), refers to the irregular surface of the perispore (the outer covering of the spore). The lichen is only known to occur in the Philippines.

Bataan
Bataan (/bɑːtɑːˈʔɑːn/, /bɑːˈtɑːn/, IPA: [bɐtɐˈʔan]), officially the Province of Bataan, is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Its capital is the city of Balanga while Mariveles is the largest town in the province. Occupying the entire Bataan Peninsula on Luzon, Bataan is bordered by the provinces of Zambales and Pampanga to the north. The peninsula faces the South China Sea to the west and Subic Bay to the north-west, and encloses Manila Bay to the east.

The Battle of Bataan is known in history as one of the last stands of American and Filipino soldiers before they were overwhelmed by the Japanese forces in World War II. The Bataan Death March was named after the province, where the infamous march started.
Convicts' Bread Oven
The Convicts' Bread Oven is a concrete oven built in 1911 in the style of Mexican adobe ovens. It was used to bake bread daily from April 1911 through July 1912 to feed 30 state prison inmates and their guards as they worked on a stretch of road in Plateau Canyon.

The oven was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974.

The oven is 7 feet long, nearly 5 feet wide, 4 feet tall and sits halfway between Plateau Creek and Colorado State Highway 65 about 7 miles east of Interstate 70. The convicts' camp was two miles north where a dry gulch empties into Plateau Creek.

Plateau Creek (Colorado)
Plateau Creek is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 50 miles (80 km) long, in Mesa County, Colorado, United States. It drains a cattle ranching valley, known as Plateau Valley, north of the Grand Mesa and east of Grand Junction.
Max F. Schmittberger
Maximilian Frances Schmittberger (July 27, 1851 – October 31, 1917) was an American law enforcement officer and chief police inspector for the New York City Police Department from 1909 until his death in 1917. He and Captain John Price were both wardmen closely associated with Inspector Alexander "Clubber" Williams while a precinct captain in the Tenderloin district. Schmittberger later became a star witness testifying before the Lexow Committee on police corruption within the NYPD.

Police corruption
Police corruption is a form of police misconduct in which a law enforcement officer breaks their political contract and abuses their power for personal gain. Such a police officer is often referred to as a dirty cop. A corrupt officer may act alone or as part of a group. Corrupt acts include taking bribes, stealing from victims or suspects, and manipulating evidence to affect the outcome of legal proceedings (such as in a frameup). Police corruption challenges the human rights of citizens, and can undermine public trust in the police when uncovered or suspected.
International Center for Tzfat Kabbalah
International Center for Tzfat Kabbalah was founded in the Old City of Safed, or Tzfat as it is known in Hebrew, in 2007 by the Jewish Federation of Palm Beach, Florida, in cooperation with the Israeli Ministry of Tourism and the Jewish Agency for Israel to promote Safed as a Kabbalah center.

The center has a "Visitors' center on the history of Kabbalah in Safed", a lecture and study room, and a library. The center holds seminars and workshops in receipt of Safed rabbis.

Ministry of Tourism (Israel)
The Ministry of Tourism (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַתַּיָּרוּת, romanized: Misrad HaTayarut) is the Israeli government office responsible for tourism. The office was created in 1964, with Akiva Govrin being the first minister, but was appended to the Trade and Industry Ministry between 1977 and 1981. The logo for the Ministry depicts the Biblical Spies carrying fruit back from touring the Holy Land.
Floella Benjamin
Floella Karen Yunies Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin (born 23 September 1949), is a Trinidadian-British actress, singer, presenter, author and politician. She is known as presenter of children's programmes such as Play School, Play Away, Jamboree and Fast Forward. On 28 June 2010, Lady Benjamin was introduced to the House of Lords as a life peer nominated by the Liberal Democrats. In 2024, she was honoured with the BAFTA Fellowship award for her services to television.

NSPCC
The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) is a British child protection charity founded as the Liverpool Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (LSPCC) by Thomas Agnew on 19 April 1883. The NSPCC lobbies the government on issues relating to child welfare, and creates child abuse public awareness campaigns.

Since the 1980s, the charity has had statutory powers allowing it to apply for help on behalf of children at risk. In the 1990s, the charity's publication, Satanic Indicators, fuelled panic in social workers who went and accused parents and removed children from homes when they should not have. It also operates a telephone help line. The Paddington Bear character has partnered with the charity to raise funds.
Cockshutt 560
The Cockshutt 560 row-crop tractor was built by the Cockshutt Plow Company, from 1958 to 1961. It succeeded the Cockshutt 40D4 diesel in the Cockshutt product line, and was capable of pulling four plows. The new tractor was restyled in accordance with the trend toward squared-off lines, compared to earlier Cockshutt offerings.

Cockshutt Plow Company
Cockshutt was a large agricultural machinery manufacturer, known as Cockshutt Farm Equipment Limited (1957–1962), based in Brantford, Ontario, Canada.

Founded as the Brantford Plow Works by James G. Cockshutt in 1877, the name was changed to the Cockshutt Plow Company when it was incorporated in 1882. After James died shortly thereafter, his brother William Foster Cockshutt took over as president.  He remained until 1888, when another brother, Frank Cockshutt, became president of the company.  In 1910, Henry Cockshutt, the youngest of the brothers, took over the leadership of the company.  Under his direction, the company was able to obtain financing for acquisitions and expansion.
Zvezda po imeni Solntse
Zvezda po imeni Solntse (Russian: Звезда по имени Солнце, lit. 'A star called the Sun') is the seventh studio album by the Soviet rock band Kino, released on August 29, 1989. The album was the last album released before lead vocalist Viktor Tsoi's death.

Yuri Kasparyan
Yuri Dmitriyevich Kasparyan (Russian: Ю́рий Дми́триевич Каспаря́н, born 24 June 1963) is a Russian musician best known for his time as the guitarist of the Soviet rock band Kino and as a member of Vyacheslav Butusov's group U-Piter.
Innoko Wilderness
Innoko Wilderness is a 1,240,000-acre (500,000 ha) wilderness area in the U.S. state of Alaska.  It was designated by the United States Congress in 1980. It lies within the southeastern part of Innoko National Wildlife Refuge.  Innoko Wilderness is a transition zone between the boreal forestland of interior Alaska and the open tundra of western Alaska.  More than half of the Wilderness is wetlands of muskeg and marsh, lakes, rivers, and streams dotted with islands of black spruce and an understory of mosses, lichens, and shrubs.  Along the Yukon and Innoko Rivers are numerous privately owned subsistence camps used periodically for hunting and fishing by Alaska Natives.

Innoko River
The Innoko River (/ɪˈnoʊkoʊ/; (Deg Xinag: Yooniq) is a 500-mile (800 km) tributary of the Yukon River in the U.S. state of Alaska. It flows north from its origin south of Cloudy Mountain in the Kuskokwim Mountains and then southwest to meet the larger river across from Holy Cross.

Most of its upper portion flows through the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge. The entire river is within the Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area.

Innoko is a Deg Hit’an name for the river. The Russian colonial administrators also called the river Shiltonotno, Legon or Tlegon, Chagelyuk or Shageluk and Ittege at various times in the 19th century.
Houshang Montazeralzohour
Houshang Montazeralzohour (Persian: هوشنگ منتظرالظهور, 22 May 1951 – 3 October 1981) was an Iranian Greco-Roman wrestler who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Houshang Montazeralzohour was the national champion of Iran in 82kg weight class for several years. After the Iranian revolution, he became a wrestling coach at the University of Isfahan. In 1981, he was arrested and tortured for two months before being executed. He was charged with insurrection, although few details were made public.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
2022 Idaho Secretary of State election
The 2022 Idaho Secretary of State election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the next secretary of state of Idaho. Incumbent Republican Lawerence Denney was eligible to seek re-election but declined to run for a third term.

Lawerence Denney
Lawerence Denney (born February 25, 1948) is an American politician from Idaho who served eight years as the state's secretary of state. A Republican, Denney previously served eighteen years in the Idaho House of Representatives, which included three terms as speaker.
Ball joint
In an automobile, ball joints are spherical bearings that connect the control arms to the steering knuckles, and are used on virtually every automobile made.  They bionically resemble the ball-and-socket joints found in most tetrapod animals.

A ball joint consists of a bearing stud and socket enclosed in a casing; all these parts are made of steel. The bearing stud is tapered and threaded, and fits into a tapered hole in the steering knuckle. A protective encasing prevents dirt from getting into the joint assembly.  Usually, this is a rubber-like boot that allows movement and expansion of lubricant. Motion-control ball joints tend to be retained with an internal spring, which helps to prevent vibration problems in the linkage.

The "offset" ball joint provides means of movement in systems where thermal expansion and contraction, shock, seismic motion, and torsional motions, and forces are present.

Steering knuckle
In automotive suspension, a steering knuckle or upright is that part which contains the wheel hub or spindle, and attaches to the suspension and steering components. The terms spindle and hub are sometimes used interchangeably with steering knuckle, but refer to different parts.

The wheel and tire assembly attach to the hub or spindle of the knuckle where the tire/wheel rotates while being held in a stable plane of motion by the knuckle/suspension assembly.

In the attached photograph of a double-wishbone suspension, the knuckle is shown attached to the upper control arm at the top and the lower control arm at the bottom.  The wheel assembly is shown attached to the knuckle at its center point.  Note the arm of the knuckle that sticks out, to which the steering mechanism attaches to turn the knuckle and wheel assembly.
Peretz Lavie
Peretz Lavie (Hebrew: פרץ לביא; born 19 February 1949) was the 16th president of the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, having taken the position on 1 October 2009 through September 2019. Lavie, an expert in the psychophysiology of sleep and sleep disorders, heads the Technion Sleep Laboratory and holds the André Ballard Chair in Biological Psychiatry.  Between 1993 and 1999 he served as dean of the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, and between 2001 and 2008, as the Technion’s vice president for resource development and external relations.

Lavie has authored several books, including The Enchanted World of Sleep and Restless Nights: Understanding Sleep Apnea and Snoring.  Lavie has founded several start-up companies.

Psychophysiology
Psychophysiology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, "breath, life, soul"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes. While psychophysiology was a general, broad field of research in the 1960s and 1970s, it has now become quite specialized, based on methods, topic of studies, and scientific traditions. Methods vary as combinations of electrophysiological methods (such as EEG), neuroimaging (MRI, PET), and neurochemistry. Topics have branched into subspecializations such as social, sport, cognitive, cardiovascular, clinical, and other branches of psychophysiology.
Diocese of Barinas
The Diocese of Barinas (Latin: Dioecesis Barinensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Mérida, in western Venezuela's land-locked Barinas state.

Its cathedral is the Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Pilar, dedicated to Our Lady of the Pillar, located in the eponymous state capital Barinas.

Barinas, Barinas
Barinas (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈɾinas]) is a city in west central Venezuela. According to the 2011 census, its population is 353,442. It is the capital of the Barinas Municipality and the State of Barinas. The city of Barinas is known as the capital of the Llanos.