hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military budget of Turkey
Military budget of Turkey, Turkey’s military budget is at 100.4 billion Turkish liras, or $25.3 billion, former Turkish Defense Minister İsmet Yılmaz said 8 November 2014. He was responding to a question from an opposition party leader, the Nationalist Movement Party’s Ankara deputy Özcan Yeniçeri, who asked how much Turkey had spent on its defense budget since 2002. Yılmaz said Turkey spent about 1.71 percent of its gross domestic product, or the GDP on defense in 2014. Turkey used to spend 3.5 percent of its GDP on defense in 2002.

According to the minister, Turkey’s military expenditure per capita in 2013 was 474 Turkish liras or $213. He also said Turkey’s defense exports stood at $1.4 billion in 2014, while its imports amounted to $1.3 billion. The 2014 defense budget accounted for 3.7 percent of the overall state budget. About half of the country’s defense budget went to personnel spending such as salaries, benefits and pension payments to retired Turkish Army personnel.

İsmet Yılmaz
İsmet Yılmaz (born 10 December 1961) is a Turkish politician who was a member of the Grand National Assembly from 2011 to 2023.

Previously he was Minister of National Defense and Minister of National Education. Yılmaz also briefly served as the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. Prior to entering politics, he worked as a law consultant and mechanical engineer.
Franco Varrella
Franco Varrella (born 25 January 1953) is an Italian football manager and former player. He is best known as the manager of the San Marino national football team.

Varrella was born in Rimini in 1953. His short playing career consisted of a spell with Juventus at youth level before finishing up at Rimini and Jesina.

A lengthy club managerial career followed with spells at Bellaria IM, Santarcangiolese, Forli, Brescia, Monza, Casertana, Salernitana, Reggiana, Savoia, Padova, Triestina, Ravenna and San Marino. He was appointed manager of the San Marino national football team in January 2018.

Calcio Padova
Calcio Padova, commonly referred to as Padova, is an Italian football club based in Padua, Veneto. Founded in 1910, Padova currently play in Serie B, having last been in Serie A in 1996. The team's official colours are white and red.

The team was refounded in 2014 after the sports title was awarded to Biancoscudati Padova for the 2014–15 Serie D season as a phoenix club. The old holder of the title was in the process of liquidation after it was expelled from 2014–15 Lega Pro. The original Padova was renamed Football Padova in order to allow the new iteration of Padova to use the original name of the club, Calcio Padova in 2015.
Log ASCII standard
Log ASCII standard (LAS) is a standard file format common in the oil-and-gas and water well industries to store well log information. Well logging is used to investigate and characterize the subsurface stratigraphy in a well.

A single LAS file can only contain data for one well, but it can contain any number datasets (called "curves") from that well.  Common curves found in a LAS file may include natural gamma, travel time, or resistivity logs.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Cancer (astrology)
Cancer (♋︎; Ancient Greek: Καρκίνος, romanized: Karkínos, lit. 'crab', Latin for the "Crab") is the fourth astrological sign in the zodiac, originating from the constellation of Cancer. It spans from 90° to 120° celestial longitude. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun transits this area between approximately June 22 and July 23.

In astrology, Cancer is the cardinal sign of the Water trigon, which is made up of Cancer, Pisces, and Scorpio. It is one of the six negative signs, and its ruling planet is the Moon. Though some depictions of Cancer feature a lobster, crayfish, scarab beetle or a turtle, the sign is most often represented by the crab, based on the Karkinos. Cancer's opposite sign is Capricorn.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Sacrificium
Sacrificium is a Christian death metal band from Stuttgart, Germany, formed in 1993. The band made its breakthrough in the metal scene with its 2002 album Cold Black Piece of Flesh. The second album Escaping the Stupor was released on Black Lotus Records. Their music combines melodic passages with old school death metal, and their lyrics deal with personal experiences and opinions from Christian point of view.

Black Lotus Records
Black Lotus Records was an independent record label based in Greece that specialized in metal. After acquiring licenses for several new artists, Black Lotus Records has filed for bankruptcy, resulting in an indefinite hold on all announced titles.
Kawęczynek, Łódź Voivodeship
Kawęczynek [kavɛnˈt͡ʂɨnɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Warta, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Warta, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 65 km (40 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Jorge López Bain
Jorge Ricardo López Bain (1939 – 6 December 2020) was a Chilean civil engineer and political figure. He served as Minister of Mining during the final period of the military government of General Augusto Pinochet, from 1989 to 1990, and was also president of the Chilean Institute of Mining Engineers.

Ministry of Mining (Chile)
The Ministry of Mining (Spanish: Ministerio de Minería) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of matters related to mining in Chile. The minister of mining in Chile is also the board president of the National Mining Enterprise (ENAMI).

The mining sector contributed 16.4% of Chile's gross domestic product in 2009, 14,157 billion pesos, mostly from copper mining.

In March 2022, President Gabriel Boric named Marcela Hernando Minister of Mining (Spanish: Ministro de Minería). He was replaced in August 2023 during a cabinet reshuffle with Aurora Williams.
Sodium tetrathionate
Sodium tetrathionate is a salt of sodium and tetrathionate with the formula Na2S4O6.xH2O. The salt normally is obtained as the dihydrate (x = 2). It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. It is a member of the polythionates, which have the general formula [Sn(SO3)2]2-. Other members include trithionate (n = 1), pentathionate (n = 3), hexathionate (n = 4).

Sodium tetrathionate is formed by the oxidation of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), e.g. by the action of iodine:

2 Na2S2O3  +  I2  →   Na2S4O6  +  2 NaI

The reaction is signaled by the decoloration of iodine. This reaction is the basis of iodometric titrations.

Other methods include the coupling of sodium bisulfite with disulfur dichloride:

2 NaHSO3  +  S2Cl2   →   Na2S4O6  +  2 HCl

The ion has ideal C2 symmetry, like H2S2. The S-S-S dihedral angle is nearly 90°. The central S-S distance is 2.115 Å, 0.01 Å longer than the two other S-S distances as well as those distances in most polysulfanes.

Polythionic acid
Polythionic acid is an oxoacid which has a straight chain of sulfur atoms and has the chemical formula Sn(SO3H)2 (n + 2 > 2). Trithionic acid (H2S3O6), tetrathionic acid (H2S4O6) are simple examples. They are the conjugate acids of polythionates.  The compounds of n < 80 are expected to exist, and those of n < 20 have already been synthesized. Dithionic acid (H2S2O6) does not belong to the polythionic acids due to strongly different properties.
2022 Open Sud de France – Singles
Alexander Bublik defeated Alexander Zverev in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the singles title at the 2022 Open Sud de France. It was his maiden ATP Tour title.

David Goffin was the defending champion, but lost to Adrian Mannarino in the second round.

Pierre-Hugues Herbert
Pierre-Hugues Herbert (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ yɡ ɛʁbɛʁ]; born 18 March 1991) is a French professional tennis player. In doubles, he has completed the Career Grand Slam with titles at the 2015 US Open, the 2016 Wimbledon Championships, the 2018 French Open, the 2021 French Open, and the 2019 Australian Open partnering Nicolas Mahut. His career-high doubles ranking is world No. 2 achieved on 11 July 2016. The pair have also claimed seven ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles and ATP Finals titles in 2019 and 2021. In singles, Herbert has reached four ATP career finals and achieved his career-high singles ranking of world No. 36 on 11 February 2019.
2015–16 Luxembourg National Division
The 2015–16 Luxembourg National Division was the 102nd season of top-tier football in Luxembourg. The league season started on 2 August 2015 and ended on 22 May 2016, with a promotion/relegation playoff following on 27 May.

F91 Dudelange claimed the title on goal difference over defending champions Fola Esch.

CS Fola Esch
Sporting Circle Fola Esch (French: Cercle sportif Fola Esch), usually abbreviated to Fola Esch or simply Fola, is a professional football club based in Esch-sur-Alzette, in south-western Luxembourg. They play their home games at Stade Émile Mayrisch, in the south of the city, which they share with their sister athletics club CA Fola Esch.
Danjo Islands
The Danjo Islands (男女群島, Danjo-guntō; literally: "male and female archipelago") are a small uninhabited Japanese island group in the East China Sea situated approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) south-southwest of the Gotō Islands and administratively part of the city of Gotō, Nagasaki Prefecture. The five main islands of O-shima (男島) Kuroki-jima (クロキ島), Yori-shima (寄島), Hanaguri-jima (ハナグリ島), and Me-shima (女島) together stretch some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from north to south and cover an area of 4.7 square kilometres (1.8 sq mi). The islands, their flora, and their fauna are protected as a Natural Monument, Biotic Community Protection Forest, Special Wildlife Protection Area, and Important Bird Area. Birds found on the islands include the Japanese murrelet, streaked shearwater, brown booby, Ryukyu robin, Japanese wood pigeon, and Pleske's grasshopper warbler.

Ryukyu robin
The Ryukyu robin (Larvivora komadori) is a bird endemic to the Ryūkyū Islands, of Japan. The Okinawa robin (Larvivora namiyei) previously was considered a subspecies.

The specific name komadori is, somewhat confusingly, the common name of its relative the Japanese robin in Japanese.

The Ryukyu robin, together with the Japanese robin and the European robin, was previously placed in the genus Erithacus . A 2006 molecular phylogenetic study found that the two east Asian species were more similar to the Siberian blue robin, at the time in Luscinia, than to the European robin. In 2010, a large study confirmed this result and also found that Luscinia was non-monophyletic. The genus Larvivora was therefore resurrected to accommodate a clade containing the Japanese robin, the Ryukyu robin, the Siberian blue robin and several other species that had previously been placed in Luscinia.
Downtown Buda Historic District
Downtown Buda Historic District is a six-block historic commercial area located in Buda, Texas.  The oldest building dates from 1881 when the town was created with the arrival of the International-Great Northern Railroad (I&GN).  The town experienced moderate success for the next forty years, but the downtown area never grew beyond its track-side beginnings.

Twenty-eight buildings contribute to the historic district, most date from the early 1900s, the most recent is from 1934. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 7, 2003 as an example of a late 19th to early 20th century railroad town.

Buda, Texas
Buda (/ˈbjuːdə/ BYOO-də) is a city in Hays County, Texas, United States. The population was 15,108 in 2020, an increase over the figure of 7,295 tabulated in 2010. Buda is part of the Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos metropolitan statistical area and is one of Austin's fastest growing suburbs.
The Buffalo Skinners
The Buffalo Skinners is the sixth studio album by the Scottish band Big Country, which was released in March 1993. Two songs, "We're Not In Kansas" and "Ships", are re-recordings of songs from their previous album. The difference is more noticeable on "Ships" which features heavy use of guitars (in contrast to the guitar-free 1991 version). The album featured two UK top 30 hits, "Alone" (No. 24) and "Ships" (No. 29).

In 2020, Cherry Red Records released a deluxe box-set Out Beyond the River: The Compulsion Years which featured an expanded version of the original album augmented with bonus tracks and the previously released live album Without the Aid of a Safety Net. The set also included a DVD with highlights from the Glasgow Barrowlands concert and promo videos for "Ships" and "Alone". The set is housed in a clamshell box.

Stuart Adamson
William Stuart Adamson (11 April 1958 –  16 December 2001) was a Scottish rock guitarist and singer. Adamson began his career in the late 1970s as a founding member and performer with the punk rock band Skids. After leaving Skids in 1981, he formed Big Country and was the band's lead singer and guitarist. The group's commercial heyday was in the 1980s. In the 1990s, he was a member of the alternative country band the Raphaels. In the late 1970s the British music journalist John Peel referred to his musical virtuosity as a guitarist as "a new Jimi Hendrix".
Peter Cransberg
Peter Cransberg (born 29 July 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the 1990s.

Cransberg was picked up by Essendon from East Perth with pick 39 in the 1989 VFL draft. He played on a half forward flank in the 1990 Grand Final but finished on the losing team. Cransberg struggled at times to keep his place in the strong Essendon side, often due to injury, and spent much of his career in the reserves. He did manage to play in a couple of Essendon Night Premierships.

His brother, Alan Cransberg, is the current chairman of the West Coast Eagles.

1990 AFL Grand Final
The 1990 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and the Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 6 October 1990. It was the 94th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1990 AFL season. The match, attended by 98,944 spectators, was won by Collingwood by a margin of 48 points, marking that club's 14th premiership victory.
Old to the New
"Old to the New" is a song by American hip hop duo Nice & Smooth and the lead single from their third studio album Jewel of the Nile (1994). Produced by Luis "Phat Kat" Vega, it samples Three Dog Night's cover of "Easy to Be Hard" from the rock musical Hair and Lou Donaldson's cover of "Ode To Billie Joe" by Bobbie Gentry.

Three Dog Night
Three Dog Night is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1967, founded by vocalists Chuck Negron, Cory Wells, and Danny Hutton. This lineup was soon augmented by Jimmy Greenspoon (keyboards), Joe Schermie (bass guitar), Michael Allsup (guitar), and Floyd Sneed (drums). The band had 21 Billboard Hot 100 top 40 hits between 1969 and 1975, with three hitting number one. Three Dog Night recorded many songs written by outside songwriters, and they helped to introduce mainstream audiences to writers such as Harry Nilsson ("One"), Randy Newman ("Mama Told Me Not to Come"), Paul Williams ("An Old Fashioned Love Song"), Laura Nyro ("Eli's Comin'") and Hoyt Axton ("Joy to the World", "Never Been to Spain").
Elkhart
Elkhart is the name of several places in U.S.A.:

Elkhart, Illinois

Elkhart, Indiana

Elkhart, Iowa

Elkhart, Kansas

Elkhart, Texas

Elkhart County, Indiana

Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin

Elkhart River, Indiana

Elkhart County, Indiana
Elkhart County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the county's population was 207,047. The county seat is Goshen. Elkhart County is part of the Elkhart-Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend-Elkhart-Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area. It is also considered part of the broader region of Northern Indiana known as Michiana, and is 20 miles (32 km) east of South Bend, Indiana, 110 miles (180 km) east of Chicago, Illinois, and 150 miles (240 km) north of Indianapolis, Indiana. The area is referred to by locals as the recreation vehicle (RV) capital of the world and is known for its sizable Amish and Old Order Mennonite population.
Jewish Architectural Heritage Foundation
The Jewish Architectural Heritage Foundation is a non-profit, Staten Island, New York-based corporation which assumes responsibility for maintaining, restoring, renovating and building Jewish heritage buildings and monuments on a global scale. It has 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status.

The organization's work is philanthropic in nature, and is focused on restoring and erecting Jewish public buildings and holy sites. Many of its activities are planned in disadvantaged communities, serving to benefit members of all faiths and creeds and promoting inter-racial tolerance and understanding of local heritage. Currently, its focus is set on projects within Romania and Hungary.

Cehei ghetto
The Cehei ghetto, also known as the Șimleu Silvaniei ghetto, was one of the Nazi-era ghettos for European Jews during World War II. It was located outside Szilágysomlyó in the village of Somlyócsehi, Szilágy County, Kingdom of Hungary (Romanian: Cehei, today part of Șimleu Silvaniei, Sălaj County, Romania) as the territory became part of Hungary again from the 1940 Second Vienna Award's grant of Northern Transylvania until the end of World War II. It was active in the spring of 1944, following Operation Margarethe.
Adaptive transmission control
Adaptive transmission control is an automotive technology that continuously adjusts the behavior of an automatic transmission in response to driving conditions, driver input, and vehicle load. Rather than relying on fixed shift patterns, an adaptive transmission control system evaluates real-time data—such as throttle position, acceleration rate, braking intensity, terrain, and vehicle load—to optimize shift timing, shift firmness, and gear selection.

Adaptive shift systems are widely used in modern automatic, dual-clutch (DCT), and continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Manufacturers employ adaptive logic to improve fuel economy, reduce wear, and enhance performance and drivability.

Pressure control
Pressure control (PC) is a mode of mechanical ventilation alone and a variable within other modes of mechanical ventilation.  Pressure control is used to regulate pressures applied during mechanical ventilation.  Air delivered into the patients lungs (breaths) are currently regulated by Volume Control or Pressure Control.  In pressure controlled breaths a tidal volume achieved is based on how much volume can be delivered before the pressure control limit is reached.
Juan Bregaliano
Juan Bregaliano (born November 22, 1911, date of death unknown) is a Uruguayan boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he was eliminated in the second round of the middleweight class after losing his fight to the upcoming gold medalist Jean Despeaux.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Middleweight
The men's middleweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the third-heaviest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 160 pounds (72.6 kilograms). The competition was held from Tuesday, August 11, 1936, to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Nineteen boxers from 19 nations competed.
Leona (song)
"Leona" is a debut song written by Bill Shore and David Wills, and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown.  It was released in October 1984 as the first single from the album Sawyer Brown.  The song reached #16 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Sawyer Brown (album)
Sawyer Brown is the debut album of American country music band Sawyer Brown. It features the singles "Leona" (#16 on Hot Country Songs), "Step That Step" (their first #1), and "Used to Blue" (#3).
"Staying Afloat" was first recorded two years earlier by The Oak Ridge Boys on their album, Step on Out.
Dushyant Singh
Dushyant Singh (born 11 September 1973; Hindi pronunciation: [d̪ʊʃ.jən̪t̪ sɪŋgʱ]) is an Indian politician who hails from the former royal family of the erstwhile princely state of Dholpur, located in present-day Dholpur district of Rajasthan. Singh is the present titular Maharajasaheb. He is serving as a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha for the fifth time. The son of Vasundhara Raje Scindia, who served twice as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Singh was first elected from the Jhalawar constituency and has since been re-elected from the Jhalawar–Baran constituency.

Dholpur district
Dholpur district is a district of eastern Rajasthan state in Northern India. The town of Dholpur is the district headquarters. Dholpur District is a part of Bharatpur Divisional Commissionerate. It was carved out from the erstwhile Bharatpur District on 15 April 1982.

Dholpur District has an area of 3084 km2. The Chambal River forms the southern boundary of the district, across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and northeast, by Bharatpur District of Rajasthan on the northwest, and Karauli District of Rajasthan on the west. All along the bank of the Chambal River the district is deeply intersected by ravines; low ranges of hills in the western portion of the district supply quarries of fine-grained and easily worked red sandstone.