hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memorial High School (West New York, New Jersey)
Memorial High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school in West New York, in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades. The school is the lone secondary school of the West New York School District, an Abbott district that serves all of West New York. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1970; the school's accreditation expires in July 2029.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,300 students and 148.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 15.5:1. There were 1,627 students (70.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 240 (10.4% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Comprehensive high school
Comprehensive high schools are the most widely adopted form of public high schools around the world, designed to provide a well-rounded education to its students. The typical comprehensive high school offers more than one course program of specialization to its students. Comprehensive high schools generally offer a college preparatory course program and one or more foreign language, scientific or vocational course programs. Alternatively, in some educational systems examinations are used to sort students into different high schools for different populations. Other types of high schools specialize in university-preparatory school academic preparation, remedial instruction, or vocational instruction.
Burgruine Hohenburg auf Rosenberg
Burgruine Hohenburg auf Rosenberg is a ruined medieval castle near Spittal an der Drau in Carinthia, Austria. It is located high above the Drava Valley on the southern slope of the Ankogel Group, part of the Hohe Tauern mountain range.

Spittal an der Drau
Spittal an der Drau is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Carinthia. It is the administrative centre of Spittal an der Drau District, Austria's second largest district (Bezirk) by area.
Somitsyno
Somitsyno (Russian: Сомицыно) is a rural locality (a village) in Nizhne-Vazhskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 28 as of 2002. There are 3 streets.

Verkhovazhsky District
Verkhovazhsky District (Russian: Верхова́жский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Velsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the northeast, Tarnogsky Districts in the east, Totemsky District in the south, Syamzhensky District in the southwest, Vozhegodsky District in the west, and with Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 4,260 square kilometers (1,640 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhovazhye. District's population: 13,898 (2010 Census); 16,346 (2002 Census); 18,560 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Verkhovazhye accounts for 36.2% of the district's total population.
Sindi Simtowe
Sindi Simtowe (born 27 July 1987) is a Malawian netball player who plays for Malawi in the positions of goal attack or goal shooter. She was in three consecutive World Cup tournaments for Malawi in 2011, 2015 and in 2019. She has also represented Malawi at the Commonwealth Games in 2010, 2014 and in 2018.

She was also a member of the Malawian team that won the bronze medal at the 2016 Fast5 Netball World Series in Melbourne, defeating England in the third place playoff.

2016 Fast5 Netball World Series
The 2016 Fast5 Netball World Series was the 7th Fast5 Netball World Series. Australia hosted England, Jamaica, Malawi, New Zealand and South Africa in a series, played in October 2016, at Melbourne's Hisense Arena. With a team coached by Kiri Wills and captained by Maria Tutaia, New Zealand won the series for the fourth time in a row with a comprehensive 41–16 win over Australia in the final. Malawi finished third after defeating England 35–32 in a play-off. In Australia, the series was broadcast live by Nine's Wide World of Sports, via 9Gem and 9Now. The broadcast was hosted by Sylvia Jeffreys, with a commentary panel that included Liz Ellis, Laura Geitz, Sharni Layton, Sharelle McMahon and Anne Sargeant. The series was also broadcast live by Sky Sport in New Zealand and on Sky Sports in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Harold William Swithinbank
Harold William Swithinbank (7 March 1858 – 9 February 1928) was a British veterinary surgeon who served in both the army and navy. He was Governor of the Royal Agricultural Society and Vice President of the Royal Veterinary College.

Royal Veterinary College
The Royal Veterinary College (informally the RVC) is a veterinary school located in London and a member institution of the federal University of London. The RVC was founded in 1791 and joined the University of London in 1949. It is the oldest and largest veterinary school in the United Kingdom, and one of only 12 in the country where students can study to become a vet.
1957 Upper Voltan Territorial Assembly election
Territorial Assembly elections were held in French Upper Volta on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Unified Democratic Party (an alliance of the Voltaic Democratic Union–African Democratic Rally and the Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses), which won 33 of the 68 seats in the Assembly.

Unified Democratic Party
Unified Democratic Party (French: Parti Démocratique Unifié), was, despite its name, not a political party but an electoral alliance of two parties, the Voltaic Democratic Party (PDV-RDA) and the Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses (PSEMA), ahead of the 1957 territorial assembly elections in Upper Volta. PDU won 33 out of 70 seats.

After the elections PDU formed a government together with the Voltaic Democratic Movement (MDV). PDU held seven ministries and MDV five. The unity proved short-lived. PSEMA and MDV revolted against the vice-president Ouezzine Coulibaly and formed an opposition bloc, Voltaic Solidarity. Thus PDU was no more.
Foetal cerebral redistribution
Foetal cerebral redistribution or 'brain-sparing' is a diagnosis in foetal medicine.  It is characterised by preferential flow of blood towards the brain at the expense of the other vital organs, and it occurs as a haemodynamic adaptation in foetuses which have placental insufficiency.  The underlying mechanism is thought to be vasodilation of the cerebral arteries. Cerebral redistribution is defined by the presence of a low middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA-PI). Ultrasound of the middle cerebral artery to examine the Doppler waveform is used to establish this. Although cerebral redistribution represents an effort to preserve brain development in the face of hypoxic stress, it is nonetheless associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. The presence of cerebral redistribution will be one factor taken into consideration when deciding whether to artificially deliver a baby with placental insufficiency via induction of labour or caesarian section.

Labor induction
Labor induction is the procedure where a medical professional starts the process of labor (giving birth) instead of letting it start on its own. Labor may be induced (started) if the health of the mother or the baby is at risk. Induction of labor can be accomplished with pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical methods.

In Western countries, it is estimated that one-quarter of pregnant women have their labor medically induced with drug treatment. Inductions are most often performed either with prostaglandin drug treatment alone, or with a combination of prostaglandin and intravenous oxytocin treatment.
Lynching in Florence County, South Carolina
Two Black men were lynched in Florence County, South Carolina near the border with Williamsburg County, South Carolina for allegedly having relations with a white woman. The news did not reach the national media until January 8, 1922, and so is recorded as the first lynching of 1922 in America. According to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary there were 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States.

Williamsburg County, South Carolina
Williamsburg County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census its population was 31,026. The county seat and largest community is Kingstree. After a previous incarnation of Williamsburg County, the current county was created in 1804.
Humble Island
Humble Island is a small rocky island lying 0.74 km (0.4 nmi) south-east of Norsel Point on Amsler Island, off the south-west coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. Humble Island was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955. Humble Island was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) in 1956 because the island seems to be squeezed insignificantly between Litchfield Island and what was then considered the coast of Anvers Island (now known to be separate Amsler Island).

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Złotniki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Złotniki [zwɔtˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Małogoszcz, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Małogoszcz, 14 km (9 mi) north of Jędrzejów, and 30 km (19 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów County
Jędrzejów County (Polish: powiat jędrzejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Jędrzejów, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Sędziszów, lying 18 km (11 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north of Jędrzejów.

The county covers an area of 1,257.17 square kilometres (485.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,049, out of which the population of Jędrzejów is 15,076, that of Sędziszów is 6,451, that of Małogoszcz is 3,748, and the rural population is 58,774.
Yaakov Bleich
Yaakov Dov Bleich (born October 19, 1964) is an American-born rabbi. He serves as Rabbi of the Kyiv synagogue in Podil since 1989. 
Rabbi Bleich was vice-president of the World Jewish Congress from 2009 to 2017. Bleich chose not to run for re-election as a member of the WJC Executive Committee at the WJC’s May 2021 plenary assembly. He is one of two rabbis who claim the title of Chief Rabbi of Ukraine.

Podil
Podil (Ukrainian: Поділ [poˈd⁽ʲ⁾il] ⓘ) or Podol (Russian: Подол [pɐˈdol] ⓘ), also known in English as the Lower City, is a historic neighborhood in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is located on a floodplain terrace over the Dnieper between the Kyiv Hills and the lower stream of Pochaina River. Podil is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Kyiv, and the birthplace of the city's trade, commerce and industry. After the Mongol invasion of Rus' and destruction of Kyiv, it served as a city center until the 19th century. Here the city administration (magistrate) and the main university were located, and later the city's port and shipyard were established here.

Podil contains many architectural and historical landmarks, and new archaeological sites are still being revealed. It is a part of the city's larger administrative Podilskyi District.
James Cumming (footballer)
James Ferguson Cumming (22 April 1886 – 8 December 1964) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an outside right in the Football League for Manchester City and West Ham United. He also played in the Scottish League for Aberdeen and Dumbarton.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Émilie d'Oultremont
Émilie d'Oultremont (11 October 1818 – 22 February 1878) – in religion Marie of Jesus – was a Belgian Roman Catholic widow and later religious sister who founded the Sisters of Mary Reparatrix. She had four children and two of them, both daughters, joined her order and later predeceased her. She dedicated herself to the expansion of her order and sent religious to places such as England and India.

Pope John Paul II beatified her on 12 October 1997 in Saint Peter's Square.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Roßla-Südharz
Roßla-Südharz was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated in the southern part of the Harz, west of Sangerhausen. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Roßla. It was disbanded on 1 January 2010.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Roßla-Südharz consisted of the following municipalities:

Bennungen

Breitenstein

Breitungen

Dietersdorf

Drebsdorf

Hainrode

Hayn

Kleinleinungen

Questenberg

Roßla

Rottleberode

Schwenda

Stolberg

Uftrungen

Wickerode

Hainrode
Hainrode (German pronunciation: [haɪnˈʁoːdə]) is a village and a former municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Südharz.
Bighead River
The Bighead River is a river in Grey County in southern Ontario, Canada, that flows from the Niagara Escarpment between the communities along Ontario Highway 10 of Arnott and Holland Centre in the township of Chatsworth to empty into Nottawasaga Bay, an inlet of Georgian Bay on Lake Huron, at Meaford.

The river crosses the Bruce Trail in the valley between the Spey River Forest Area and the Walters Falls Conservation Area.

Georgian Bay
Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron. It is located entirely within the borders of Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.

Georgian Bay is surrounded by (listed clockwise) the districts of Manitoulin, Sudbury, Parry Sound and Muskoka, as well as the more populous counties of Simcoe, Grey and Bruce. The Main Channel separates the Bruce Peninsula from Manitoulin Island and connects Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The North Channel, located between Manitoulin Island and the Sudbury District, west of Killarney, was once a popular route for steamships and is now used by a variety of pleasure craft to travel to and from Georgian Bay.

The shores and waterways of Georgian Bay are the traditional domain of the Anishinaabeg First Nations peoples to the north and Huron-Petun (Wyandot) to the south. The bay was thus a major Algonquian-Iroquoian trade route.
John Chavis (American football)
Johnny Chavis (born October 16, 1956), nicknamed "the Chief", is an American college football coach who was most recently the defensive coordinator and linebackers coach for the Birmingham Stallions of the United Football League (UFL). He previously served as defensive coordinator for the Arkansas Razorbacks football team and former defensive coordinator, linebacker coach, and associate head coach at the Tennessee Volunteers football, LSU Tigers football, and Texas A&M Aggies football programs.

Arkansas Razorbacks football
The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas in the sport of American football. The Razorbacks compete in the 
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Home games are played at stadiums on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System: Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock.

The program began in 1894 and has compiled an all-time record of 740–539–40, for a .576 winning percentage. The Razorbacks have won 13 conference championships and have had 58 players honored as All-Americans. Arkansas claims one national championship (1964) awarded by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA).
Karol Pecze
Karol Pecze (born 7 February 1946) is a Slovak football manager.

He coached MŠK Žilina, Slovan Bratislava, FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, Győri ETO FC, FC Nitra, Wisla Kraków, Spartak Trnava, 1. FC Košice, Gençlerbirliği, Çaykur Rizespor, Inter Bratislava, Panionios, Sivasspor.

FC VSS Košice
FC VSS Košice, formerly 1. FC Košice, was a Slovak football club based in Košice which played in the Slovak 2. Liga during the 2016–17 season. The club officially ceased operations on 27 July 2017.

The club, founded in 1903, has won the Slovak League twice, the Slovak Cup five times and the Czechoslovak Cup once. The most successful eras of the club were in the 1970s and 1990s which they spent mostly in the top tier of Czechoslovak and Slovak Football. Two of the UEFA Euro 1976 champions namely Dušan Galis and Jaroslav Pollák played for Košice.
Terry Anderson (American football)
Terry C. Anderson (born January 10, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins, the Washington Redskins, and the San Francisco 49ers.  He played college football for the Bethune–Cookman Wildcats and was selected in the 12th round of the 1977 NFL draft.

Anderson is now a dean of students and football coach at Rangeview High School in Aurora, Colorado.

Rangeview High School
Rangeview High School is a public high school in Aurora, Colorado, United States. It is the second newest of five high schools in  Aurora Public Schools. The school offers a variety of Advanced Placement courses.

The school is being used as a polling station and was featured on CNN, with Dan Simon reporting.
Castelnuovo curve
In algebraic geometry, a Castelnuovo curve, studied by Castelnuovo (1889), is a curve in projective space Pn of maximal genus g among irreducible non-degenerate curves of given degree d.

Castelnuovo showed that the maximal genus is given by the Castelnuovo bound

where m and ε are the quotient and remainder when dividing d–1 by n–1.
Castelnuovo described the curves satisfying this bound, showing in particular that they lie on either a rational normal scroll or on the Veronese surface.

Rational normal scroll
In mathematics, a rational normal scroll is a ruled surface of degree n in projective space of dimension n + 1. Here "rational" means birational to projective space, "scroll" is an old term for ruled surface, and "normal" refers to projective normality (not normal schemes).

A non-degenerate irreducible surface of degree m – 1 in Pm is either a rational normal scroll or the Veronese surface.
Mari Cheba
Mari Cheba is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, and volunteer. Her vocal abilities have been recognized by the global music industry: she won the title of «Best Female Vocal» according to Trip Hop Nation  among Ukrainian women. In 2016, Mari Cheba was nominated for the Yuna Award in the category «Breakthrough of the Year». Mari participated in the charitable tour in the ATO zone called «Support Your Own», which featured Ukrainian stars in 2014 (M. Burmaka, T. Matviyenko, A. Mirzoyan, Zlata Ognevich, A. Prykhodko, Ruslana, Yarmak, and others).

Anti-terrorist Operation Zone
Anti-Terrorist Operation Zone (Ukrainian: Зона проведення антитерористичної операції, romanized: Zona provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi), or ATO zone (Ukrainian: Зона АТО, romanized: Zona ATO), was a term used by the media, public, the government of Ukraine, and the OSCE and other foreign institutions to identify Ukrainian territory of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (oblasts) under the control of Russian military forces and pro-Russian separatists. As the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine escalated with the arrival of armed militias, the Ukrainian government declared the start of an "Anti-Terrorist Operation" (ATO), marking the beginning of the War in Donbas. A significant part of ATO (JFO, starting 2018) zone was considered temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine. In Minsk II protocols of 2015 it was referred to as 'certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions'.
Acton, Florida
Acton was a community in Polk County, Florida, United States. The town was situated two miles east of Lakeland, which it preceded. It was a settlement of English people from Great Britain. It was established in 1884 named for Lord Acton. The community began dispersing to Lakeland in 1889 and disappeared after the great freeze of 1894. A historical marker in Interlachen Park commemorates its history.

The South Florida Railroad advertised a route through the community. An episcopal church was built in the community and later moved to Lakeland.

Great Freeze
The Great Freeze was a period of back-to-back freezes during the winter of 1894–95 in the Southern United States, particularly notable for destroying much of the citrus crop in Northern Florida.

Entire communities, such as Earnestville, faded after the citrus crops and trees were lost to the two unusually cold-weather patterns of the winter season.
Cdial
Centre for Digitization of Indigenous African Languages, CDIAL is a technology company focused on artificial intelligence (AI) for the enterprise, specializing in language models in low-resourced languages, research, and deployment. The organization was founded in 2021 and is headquartered in Los Angeles, US with offices in Lagos, Nigeria.

In 2023, CDIAL launched its technology, Indigenius Mobile, a conversational AI platform for multilingual communication and interaction. CDIAL also released its multilingual smart Keyboard designed to enable communication in 180 African languages and allow users to communicate in their native languages.

In May 2023, CDIAL unveiled a dictionary that translates modern words into native languages covering new existing words not contained in native dictionaries.

Language model
A language model is a computational model  that predicts sequences in natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech recognition, machine translation, natural language generation (generating more human-like text), optical character recognition, route optimization, handwriting recognition, grammar induction, and information retrieval.

Large language models (LLMs), currently their most advanced form as of 2019, are predominantly based on transformers trained on larger datasets (frequently using texts scraped from the public internet). They have superseded recurrent neural network-based models, which had previously superseded the purely statistical models, such as the word n-gram language model.