hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colorado Coal and Iron Company
Colorado Coal and Iron Company was formed in 1880 when three Denver and Rio Grande subsidiaries controlled by William J. Palmer merged. These were the Colorado Coal and Steel Works Company, the Central Colorado Improvement Company, and the Southern Colorado Coal and Town Company. In 1888, Edward J. Berwind was president. In 1890 the company appointed Henry S. Grove to serve as president. Grove, a recognized "Captain of Industry" would eventually merge the company with the Colorado Fuel Company to form the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, which for many years was Colorado's largest employer and dominated industry around the state for decades.

Edward Julius Berwind
Edward Julius Berwind (June 17, 1848 – August 18, 1936) was an American coal baron who co-founded the Berwind-White Coal Mining Company with his brother Charles Frederick Berwind and Allison White. Berwind served as the second president of the company from 1890 to 1930. He was considered the largest single owner of coal properties in the United States and his agreements to supply coal to the United States Navy, Pennsylvania Railroad, and international shipping lines were considered a monopoly. He owned six coal companies and the Berwind National Bank. He served as a director for approximately 50 companies including banks, coal, railway, and international shipping companies.

His summer home, The Elms, in Newport, Rhode Island, was designed by architect Horace Trumbauer and was filled with Berwind's art collection.
Lilar
Lilar is a Flemish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Lilar (1900–1976), Belgian politician

Françoise Lilar, pen name of Françoise Mallet-Joris (1930–2016), Belgian author

Suzanne Lilar (1901–1992), Belgian author

Françoise Mallet-Joris
Françoise Mallet-Joris (6 July 1930 – 13 August 2016), the pen name of Françoise Lilar, was a Belgian author. She was a member of the Prix Femina committee from 1969 to 1971 and was appointed to the Académie Goncourt from November 1971 to 2011.
Roca (archaeological site)
Roca (also known as Rocavecchia or Roca Vecchia) is an archaeological site located on the Adriatic coast of Apulia in Southern Italy, a few kilometres from the modern town of Melendugno and close to the city of Lecce.
The site, which has been explored since the end of the 1980s by a team of the University of Salento, has produced some of the best-preserved monumental architecture of the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC) in Southern Italy, along with the largest set of Mycenaean pottery ever recovered west of mainland Greece.

The occupation of the site continued also in the Iron Age and Classical times, when a large natural cavity known as Poesia Cave was used for cult practices involving the writing of thousands of dedications to a local deity in three languages: Greek, Messapic and Latin.

The site was re-occupied in late medieval times, when a new town was founded by Walter VI, Count of Brienne.

Lecce
Lecce (/ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ LETCH-ay, Italian: [ˈlettʃe] ⓘ) is a comune and a city in the southern italian region of Apulia, and capital of the province of Lecce. It is on the Salentine Peninsula, at the heel of the Italian Peninsula.

Because of its rich Baroque architecture, Lecce is nicknamed "The Florence of the South". "Lecce stone", a particular kind of limestone, is one of the main exports of the city. It is very soft and workable, thus suitable for sculptures. As well as being an industrial centre specializing in ceramics, Lecce is also an important agricultural centre, chiefly for its olive oil and wine production.

Lecce is home to the University of Salento.
Desseria
Desseria is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging the phylum Apicomplexa. The genus was described in 1995. The species in this genus were previous considered to belong to the genus Haemogregarina.

The species in this genus infect fish. Approximately 40 species are recognised in this genus currently.

Phylum
In biology, a phylum (/ˈfaɪləm/; pl.: phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 32 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta.
Santi Cosma e Damiano ai Banchi Nuovi
Santi Cosma e Damiano ai Banchi Nuovi is a deconsecrated church dedicated to Cosmas and Damian in Naples. It is sited on largo Banchi Nuovi and owes its name to the Banchi Nuovi, whose loggia previously occupied the church's site. The church was founded in 1616 and re-used the loggia's facade. It was extended later in the 17th century, including a scheme led by the engineer Luigi Giura. Its high altarpiece is now in the Diocesan Museum.

Loggia
In architecture, a loggia (/ˈloʊdʒ(i)ə/ LOH-j(ee-)ə, usually UK: /ˈlɒdʒ(i)ə/ LOJ-(ee-)ə, Italian: [ˈlɔddʒa]) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, often on an upper level, sometimes on the ground level of a building. The corridor is open to the elements because its outer wall is only partial, with the upper part usually supported by a series of columns or arches.  An overhanging loggia may be supported by a baldresca.

From the early Middle Ages, nearly every Italian comune had an open arched loggia in its main square, which served as a "symbol of communal justice and government and as a stage for civic ceremony".

In Italian architecture, a loggia is also a small garden structure or house built on the roof of a residence, open on one or more sides, to enjoy cooling winds and the view. They were especially popular in the 17th century and are prominent in Rome and Bologna, Italy.
Kielan
Kielan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abd al Haqq Kielan (born 1941), Swedish Muslim cleric

Urszula Kielan (born 1960), Polish high jumper

Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska (1925–2015), Polish paleobiologist

Urszula Kielan
Urszula Kielan–Lipiec, née Urszula Kielan, (10 October 1960 in Otwock) is a retired high jumper from Poland. She won four medals at the European Indoor Championships as well as an Olympic silver medal in 1980.
2001 Caribbean Series
The forty-third edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was held from February 1 through February 6 of 2001 with the champion baseball teams of the Dominican Republic, Águilas Cibaeñas; Mexico, Naranjeros de Hermosillo; Puerto Rico, Cangrejeros de Santurce, and Venezuela, Cardenales de Lara. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio General Ángel Flores in Culiacán, Mexico.

Naranjeros de Hermosillo
The Naranjeros de Hermosillo (English: Hermosillo Orange Growers) are a professional baseball team based in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. They compete in the Mexican Pacific League (LMP). The team plays at the Estadio Fernando Valenzuela with a capacity of 16,000 seated spectators.

The Naranjeros are one of the most successful teams in Mexican baseball and the most winning team in the Mexican Pacific League. They have won 17 LMP championships, the most recent during the 2023–24 season and two Caribbean Series titles. They were the first Mexico team to win the Caribbean Series, doing so in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in 1976.
Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a Nazi German puppet state which existed during World War II, is a historical negationist claim that no systematic mass crimes or genocide against Serbs took place in the NDH, as well as an attempt to minimize the scale and severity of genocide.

One of the strategies includes the claims that the Jasenovac concentration camp was just a labor camp, not an extermination camp. The Croatian Wikipedia has also attracted attention from international media because of bias and negationism about the crimes of the NDH.

Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.
Rudakov (surname)
Rudakov (Russian: Рудаков) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Rudakova. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Rudakov (naval officer), Russian naval officer

Aleksandr Rudakov (Party figure)

Andrei Rudakov (born 1961), Russian football player

Anton Rudakov (born 1989), Russian football defender

Ekaterina Rudakova (born 1984), Belarusian cross-country skier

Fedor Rudakov (born 1994), Russian Paralympic athlete

Igor Rudakov (born 1934), Russian rower

Larisa Rudakova (born 1963), Russian soprano singer

Mikhail Rudakov (1905–1979), Soviet military leader

Paul Roudakoff (1907–1993), American military officer

Valeriy Rudakov (born 1955), Ukrainian football player and coach

Vera Rudakova (born 1992), Russian hurdler

Yevhen Rudakov (1942–2011), Ukrainian football goalkeeper
Yevhen Rudakov club, an unofficial list of Soviet football goalkeepers that have achieved 100 or more clean sheets

Aleksandr Rudakov (Party figure)
Aleksandr Petrovich Rudakov (11 September 1910 – 10 July 1966) was a Soviet party figure and a Secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU from 1962 until his death in 1966. He was buried at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.
Lyclene apiseriata
Lyclene apiseriata is a species of lichen moths of the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 2001. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of lower montane forests on limestone.

The length of the forewings is 8–9 mm.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Great Bernera
Great Bernera (/ˈbɜːrnərə/; Scottish Gaelic: Beàrnaraigh Mòr), often known just as Bernera (Scottish Gaelic: Beàrnaraigh), is an island and community in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. With an area of just over 21 square kilometres (8 square miles), it is the thirty-fourth largest Scottish island.

Great Bernera lies in Loch Roag on the north-west coast of Lewis and is linked to it by a road bridge. Built in 1953, the bridge was the first pre-stressed concrete bridge in Europe. The main settlement on the island is Breaclete (Gaelic: Breacleit).

Community council
A community council is a public representative body in Great Britain.

In England they may be statutory parish councils by another name, under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007, or they may be non-statutory bodies. In Scotland and Wales they are statutory bodies.

Scottish community councils were first created under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, many years after Scottish parish councils were abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.

Welsh community councils – which may, if they wish, style themselves town councils – are a direct replacement, under the Local Government Act 1972, for the previously existing parish councils and are identical to English parish councils in terms of their powers and the way in which they operate.
Mario Lopez (jurist)
Mario Villamor Lopez (born June 4, 1955) was as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines serving from 2019 to 2025. He was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte to replace Francis Jardeleza on December 3, 2019.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Commation eposianum
Commation eposianum is a species of heterotrophic protists discovered in 1993 in Antarctic waters. It is one of two species in the Commatiida, an order of stramenopiles closely related to actinophryids, a group of heliozoan protists,  and to raphidophytes, a group of algae.

Actinophryid
The actinophryids are an order of heliozoa, a polyphyletic array of stramenopiles, having a close relationship with pedinellids and Ciliophrys. They are common in fresh water and occasionally found in marine and soil habitats. Actinophryids are unicellular and roughly spherical in shape, with many axopodia that radiate outward from the cell body. Axopodia are a type of pseudopodia that are supported by hundreds of microtubules arranged in interlocking spirals and forming a needle-like internal structure or axoneme. Small granules, extrusomes, that lie under the membrane of the body and axopodia capture flagellates, ciliates and small metazoa that make contact with the arms.
Stasis (ancient Greece)
In political history, stasis (Ancient Greek: στάσις in the sense of "faction, discord"; plural: staseis) refers to an episode of civil strife within an ancient Greek city-state or polis. It was the result of opposition between groups of citizens, fighting over the constitution of the city or over social and economic problems. Staseis were endemic throughout the ancient Greek world, in mainland Greece as well as in the colonies of Magna Graecia. With 19 episodes of civil strife between 650 and 214 BCE, Syracuse, in Sicily, was the city with the most recorded staseis. However, since many staseis were only recorded by chance or incidentally, it can be assumed that there are many unreported cases: some modern historians believe that there were over 20,000 cases in the 5th and 4th centuries alone (Arcenas 2026, p. 2f.).

Political history
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies.

From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
Kavas (surname)
Kavas is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Boštjan Kavaš (born 1978), Slovenian handball player

George Kavas (born 1995), Greek sailor

Neslihan Kavas (born 1987), Turkish para table tennis player

Neslihan Kavas
Neslihan Kavas (born 29 August 1987 in Eskişehir, Turkey) is a Turkish female para table tennis player of class 9 and Paralympian.

She represented Turkey at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, and won bronze by defeating Poland's Malgorzata Grzelak, three sets to nil (11–7, 11–4, 13–11).

Kavas took part at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and advanced to the final, at which she won the silver medal losing 2–3 to Chinese Lei Lina, champion of the 2008 Summer Paralympics. Furthermore, she was part of the Turkish team, which became silver medalist in the women's team class 6–10 event after losing to the team from China in the final.

She won the gold medal in the women's single class 9 division at the 2013 ITTF European Para-Table Tennis Championships held in Lignano, Italy.
Mont Pelerin Society
The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS), founded in 1947, is an international academic society of economists, political philosophers, and other intellectuals who share a classical liberal outlook. It is headquartered at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, United States. The society advocates freedom of expression, free market economic policies, and an open society. Further, the society seeks to discover ways in which the private sector can replace many functions currently provided by government entities.

Open society
Open society (French: société ouverte) is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in 1932, and describes a dynamic system inclined to moral universalism. Bergson contrasted an open society with what he called a closed society, a closed system of law, morality or religion. Bergson suggests that if all traces of civilization were to disappear, the instincts of the closed society for including or excluding others would remain.

The idea of an open society was further developed during World War II by the Austrian-born Jewish philosopher Karl Popper. Popper saw it as part of a historical continuum reaching from the organic, tribal, or closed society, through the open society (marked by a critical attitude to tradition) to the abstract or depersonalized society lacking all face-to-face interaction transactions.
Trygve Retvik
Trygve Retvik (born 15 July 1944 in Lier, Norway) is a Norwegian artist specialised in drawing, painting and printmaking. Retvik is trained and educated both as a teacher and in the fine arts, and has mainly been teaching at the Faculty of Art, Design and Drama at the Oslo University College as associate professor in the fields of drawing, graphics and fine arts didactics. Retvik has studied at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry, the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts and the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome, Italy (Accademia di belle arti di Roma).

Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts
The Norwegian National Academy of Arts (Norwegian: Statens kunstakademi) was a former Norwegian tertiary institution in Oslo, offering studies in the area of fine art. Along with four other academies, it merged to form the Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Norwegian: Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO) in 1996. Although now a faculty  of KHiO, the Norwegian National Academy of the Arts is still referred to simply as Kunstakademiet (lit. 'Art Academy') by both staff and students.
Fragment of Fear
Fragment of Fear is a 1970 British thriller film directed by Richard C. Sarafian and starring David Hemmings, Gayle Hunnicutt, Wilfrid Hyde-White, Roland Culver, Flora Robson and Arthur Lowe. It was written by Paul Dehn adapted from the 1965 novel A Fragment of Fear by John Bingham.

Paul Dehn
Paul Edward Dehn (/ˈdeɪn/ DAYN; 5 November 1912 – 30 September 1976) was a British screenwriter, playwright, critic, and World War II intelligence officer.

He was known for writing the screenplays to Goldfinger (1964), the John le Carré adaptations The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965) and The Deadly Affair (1967), the Planet of the Apes films (1970-74), and the Sidney Lumet-directed adaptation of Murder on the Orient Express (1974).

He won an Academy Award for Best Story for Seven Days to Noon (1950), and the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay for Orders to Kill (1958).
Archduke John (film)
Archduke John (German: Erzherzog Johann) is a 1929 Austrian silent historical drama film directed by Max Neufeld and starring Igo Sym, Xenia Desni and Paul Biensfeldt. It portrays the life of Archduke John of Austria, a nineteenth century member of the Habsburg Dynasty.

It was shot at the Schönbrunn Studios in Vienna and on location in Styria. The film's sets were designed by the art director Hans Ledersteger.

Hans Ledersteger
Hans Ledersteger (1898–1971) was an Austrian art director who worked for many years in the German film industry. While mainly employed in Germany, he occasionally also worked in other countries such as Italy and his native Austria including on some post-war Heimatfilm. He worked on around eighty films as Art Director or production designer during his career. He was married to the actress Irmgard Alberti. Their daughter was the actress Barbara Valentin.
Thomas Mindermann
Thomas Mindermann is a German-born Swiss neurosurgeon and researcher. He was born on March 10, 1955, in Schopfheim, West-Germany. Mindermann arrived in Switzerland in 1975 where he studied medicine at the University of Basel. In 1995, he became board certified as a neurosurgeon in Switzerland.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
FIBA EuroBasket 2001 squads
The following is the list of squads for each of the 16 teams competing in the FIBA EuroBasket 2001. The competition was held in Turkey between 31 August and 9 September 2001. Each team selected a squad of 12 players for the tournament.

EuroBasket 2001
The 2001 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2001, was the 32nd FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as Europe qualifier for the 2002 FIBA World Championship, giving a berth to the top four (or five, depending on Serbia reaching one of the top four places) teams in the final standings. It was held in Turkey between 31 August and 9 September 2001. Sixteen national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Europe, the sport's regional governing body. The cities of Ankara, Antalya and Istanbul hosted the tournament. Serbia won its third FIBA European title (eighth and the last FIBA European title under the name of Yugoslavia) by defeating hosts Turkey with a 78–69 score in the final. Vlado Šćepanović scored 19 points for Serbia, while İbrahim Kutluay scored 19 for Turkey. Serbia's Peja Stojaković was voted the tournament's MVP.