hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isla Barú
The Isla Barú or Isla de Barú is a former peninsula south of Cartagena, Colombia. It was cut off from the mainland by the Canal del Dique, but is still connected by bridge. It projects out southwest from the southern end of Cartagena towards the Islas del Rosario. It is approximately 25 km long and in places is less than 1 km wide. Approximately 20,000 people live on the island.

Most of the economy of the island is devoted to tourism and summer homes, particularly for visitors to its white sand beach. In 1708 Wager's Action took place off its shores, leading to the sinking of the treasure galleon San José.
There are a few options to get from Cartagena to Isla Baru. You can take a ferry, bus, taxi or private transportation. Transportation by boat is typically the fastest and most popular option.

Canal del Dique
The Canal del Dique (English: Levee Channel) is a 118 km artificial canal connecting Cartagena Bay (at the corregimiento of Pasacaballos) to the Magdalena River in the Bolívar Department in northern Colombia. The canal is a bifurcation or artificial arm of the Magdalena River, and its eastern portion forms most of the border between the departments of Bolívar and Atlántico. The port on the Magdalena River is Calamar.
Carl H. Claudy
Carl Harry Claudy (January 13, 1879 – May 27, 1957) was an American author, magazine writer, and journalist for the New York Herald.

He wrote a number of books relating to photography and to aviation, including First Book of Photography: A Primer of Theory and Prize Winners' Book of Model Airplanes. During the early 1900s, Claudy photographed many important aeronautical events such as Alexander Graham Bell's tetrahedral kite experiments and the Wright Flyer Army Trials at Fort Myer, Virginia.

Claudy wrote many science fiction stories for The American Boy magazine during the early 1930s. Four novelization books were printed from some of those stories. From 1939 to 1941, he wrote for DC Comics.

He was also a Masonic leader, speaker, playwright, and essayist who wrote several handbooks for Masons.

The New York Herald
The New York Herald was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed from 1835 to 1924. At that point it was acquired by its smaller rival the New-York Tribune to form the New York Herald Tribune.
Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha 1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSMA1 gene. This protein is one of the 17 essential subunits (alpha subunits 1–7, constitutive beta subunits 1–7, and inducible subunits including beta1i, beta2i, and beta5i)  that contributes to the complete assembly of 20S proteasome complex.

NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stressful stimuli like cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory.
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase
In enzymology, a 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase (EC 5.1.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA  (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, and one product, (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA 3-epimerase. Other names in common use include 3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A epimerase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase.  This enzyme participates in fatty acid metabolism and butanoate metabolism.

Butyric acid
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical and an important component in the mammalian gut.
Andrej Nolimal
Andrej Nolimal (born 1981) is a Slovenian slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1998 to 2005.

He won a bronze medal in the K1 team event at the 2005 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Penrith and a gold medal in the same event at the 2005 European Championships in Tacen.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.
Hoop (surname)
Hoop is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franz Josef Hoop (politician, born 1861) (1861–1925), Liechtenstein politician

Franz Xaver Hoop (1886–1960), Liechtenstein politician

Martin Hoop (1892–1933), German politician

Josef Hoop (1895–1959), Prime Minister of Liechtenstein

Wyn Hoop (born 1936), German singer

Gregor Hoop (born 1964), Liechtenstein alpine skier

Ronald Hoop (born 1967), Dutch-Surinamese footballer

Karin Zech-Hoop (born 1973), Liechtenstein politician

Jesca Hoop (born 1975), American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Imbi Hoop (born 1988), Estonian footballer

Franziska Hoop (born 1990), Liechtenstein politician

Jesca Hoop
Jessica "Jesca" Ada Hoop (born April 21, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, who writes and performs in diverse musical styles. She has released six studio albums of her own, as well as live, acoustic and dual albums with others.
Blues Anytime
Blues Anytime: An Anthology of British Blues is a series of compilation albums featuring tracks from various British blues artists. Three volumes were released by Immediate Records in 1968, followed by Blues Leftovers in 1969.

The albums feature various tracks from such artists as John Mayall, Tony McPhee, Savoy Brown Blues Band, Jo Ann Kelly, Jeremy Spencer, Cyril Davies, Stuff Smith, Albert Lee, Dave Kelly and Rod Stewart and were also the first release of several exclusive tracks recorded for Immediate between 1965 and '67. These include recordings by Jimmy Page with Jeff Beck, Nicky Hopkins and the All-Stars, plus seven instrumentals recorded by Page and Eric Clapton, backed by members of The Rolling Stones (Bill Wyman, bass, Mick Jagger, harmonica and Ian Stewart, keyboard) and the only recorded output by Santa Barbara Machine Head.

Ian Stewart (musician)
Ian Andrew Robert Stewart (18 July 1938 – 12 December 1985) was a Scottish keyboardist and co-founder of the Rolling Stones. He was removed from the lineup in May 1963 at the request of manager Andrew Loog Oldham who felt he did not fit the band's image. He remained as road manager and pianist for over two decades until his death, and was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with the rest of the band in 1989.
Brit Fougner
Brit Fougner (born 21 February 1946) is a Norwegian organizational leader and politician for the Socialist Left Party.

From 1990 to 1994 she was the managing director of the Council for Equality (a predecessor of the Centre for Equality, which in turn was a predecessor for the Norwegian Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombud). She was hired in Norsk Form in 1995, first as information director but then as chief executive from 2003 to 2008.

She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the term 1989–1993. She was also the chairperson of Oslo Concert Hall from 1992 to 2004.

She was married to Einar Førde.

Oslo Concert Hall
Oslo Concert Hall (Norwegian: Oslo Konserthus) is a concert hall located in Vika, a part of Oslo city centre in Norway. It is the base of the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra (Oslo-Filharmonien), but it also aims to be one of the premier music venues for the general musical and cultural life of Norway, offering a broad variety of musical styles from classical, world music, and popular entertainment by both Norwegian and international artists and groups. It presents more than 300 events yearly and receives more than 200,000 visitors.
Resurgence (pest)
Pesticide induced resurgence, often shortened to resurgence in pest management contexts, can be described as a constraint of pesticide use, by which they fail to control pests such as insects and spider mites: instead  ‘flaring up’ populations that may have been of minor importance.  Although there are more than one mechanisms by which this takes place, mortality of natural enemies following the use of broad-spectrum insecticides and acaricides is often implicated.  This is sometimes called the “pesticide treadmill”: a term coined by Robert van den Bosch to describe a self-reinforcing over-dependence on agrochemicals and inimical to natural biological controls.  Notable examples include the flare-up of rice brown planthopper populations, following over-use of broad-spectrum inscticides.

Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans.

Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill.
Brinnon, Washington
Brinnon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, Washington, United States. The population was 907 at the 2020 census. The community is named for Ewell P. Brinnon, who in the late 1850s took a donation land claim at the mouth of the Duckabush River. Its known landmarks include Dosewallips State Park, Triton Cove State Park, Murhutt Falls, and Black Point Marina. Brinnon is also adjacent to Camp Parsons, the oldest Boy Scout camp west of the Mississippi River.

Dosewallips State Park
Dosewallips State Park is a public recreation area located where the Dosewallips River empties into Hood Canal in Jefferson County, Washington. The state park's  1,064 acres (431 ha) include both freshwater and saltwater shorelines. The park offers opportunities for picnicking, camping, hiking, boating, fishing, swimming, scuba diving, and shellfish harvesting.
Omiros Zagkas
Omiros Zagkas (Greek: Όμηρος Ζάγκας; born 18 January 1993) is a Cypriot swimmer. In 2010, he competed at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in the boys' 50 metre freestyle. In 2019, he represented Cyprus at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea and he finished in 60th place in the heats in the men's 50 metre freestyle event. In the men's 100 metre freestyle he finished in 79th place in the heats. In the same year, he competed at the 2019 Games of the Small States of Europe held in Budva, Montenegro.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Sørhausane Peaks
Sorhausane Peaks is a small cluster of peaks 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) south of Nupskapa Peak, at the south end of the Sverdrup Mountains in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Sorhausane (the south peaks).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Sørhausane Peaks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

72°47′S 0°15′E﻿ / ﻿72.783°S 0.250°E﻿ / -72.783; 0.250

vte

Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists. The team members came from Norway, Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations.
2023 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
The 2023 FIM Speedway Grand Prix of Germany was the fourth race of the 2023 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 10 June at the Bergring Arena in Teterow, Germany. It was the 13th Speedway Grand Prix of Germany.

The event was won by defending world champion Bartosz Zmarzlik (his 20th career Grand Prix win).

Teterow
Teterow (German: [ˈteːtəʁoː] ⓘ) is a town of Germany, in the district of Rostock, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It is the geographical center of this federal state. It had a population of 8,852 in 2011.
Zamordeje
Zamordeje [zamɔrˈdɛjɛ] (German: Samordei) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Ruciane-Nida, 16 km (10 mi) west of Pisz, and 76 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village has a population of 30.

Ruciane-Nida
Ruciane-Nida [ruˈt͡ɕanɛ ˈɲida] is a town in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland. The town was formed in 1966 by the merger of three smaller settlements: Ruciane (German: Rudczanny, renamed Niedersee in 1938), Nida (German: Nieden) and Wola Ratajowa. It is located within the ethnographic region of Masuria.

The town of Ruciane-Nida is a well-known tourist centre within the Masurian Lake District, with a popular railway line running through it: a D29-219 line – Olsztyn – Szczytno – Świętajno – Pisz – Ełk. In the summer, it becomes the furthermost Southern station of the Masurian Recreational Navigation system.

As of 2004, the town had a population of 4,934.
New Bothwell, Manitoba
New Bothwell, originally called Kronsthal, is a local urban district in the Rural Municipality of Hanover, Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately 15 kilometres (9 miles) northwest of Steinbach on Provincial Road 216, one kilometre (1 mile) south of Provincial Road 311 and six kilometres (4 miles) north of Highway 52. It has a population of approximately 500.

New Bothwell is serviced by a post office, a restaurant/convenience store (now closed), recreation centre, an elementary/junior high school, a fire station, and two nearby churches. The local Chamber of Commerce and the local recreation committee organize community events such as an annual fall dinner, the winter carnival, and the summer fair.

Manitoba Highway 52
Provincial Trunk Highway 52 (PTH 52) is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs east from PTH 59, through the city of Steinbach, to La Broquerie where it ends at its junction with PR 210 and PR 302.  It is a two-lane highway, except from Mitchell to the eastern edge of Steinbach, where it is a divided, four-lane road.

The speed limit is 100 km/h (62 mph), except within Steinbach city limits and the community of Mitchell.
USS Grant County
USS Grant County (LST-1174) was a De Soto County-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during the late 1950s. Named after counties in fifteen states, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Grant County was designed under project SCB 119 and laid down by Avondale Marine Ways, Inc. of Avondale, Louisiana 15 March 1956; launched 12 October 1956; sponsored by Mrs. John Martin Higgins; and commissioned 17 December 1957.

Ship Characteristics Board
The Ship Characteristics Board was a unit of the United States Navy.

The purpose of the Ship Characteristics Board was to coordinate the creation of 'ship characteristics' that are essential to the design of naval combatants and auxiliaries. Coordination was required because the operators and the designers of ships had different interests, perceptions, concepts, and constraints: as summarized by the naval historian Norman Friedman, "How to achieve the best possible compromise among competing bureaus has been one of the great dilemmas of 20th-century U.S. naval administration."

This list of SCB projects is a useful exposition of the U.S. Navy's shipbuilding priorities in the first half of the Cold War.
Ameya Vaidyanathan
Ameya Vaidyanathan (born 29 July 1996 in Pune) is an Indian racing driver. He last competed in the Japanese Formula 3 Championship for B-Max Racing with Motopark.

Vaidyanathan is best known for being involved in a serious crash with Daniel Ticktum during a Formula 3 event at the Norisring in 2018.

Team Motopark
Team Motopark, also known as Motopark Academy (raced under Lotus moniker from 2012 to 2014) is an auto racing team based in Oschersleben, Germany, next to the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben race track. In 2013, the team competed in the GP2 Series under the name Russian Time and until 2024 had operated a satellite team called CryptoTower Racing.
Bunkers Hill, Victoria
Bunkers Hill is a locality on the southern rural fringe of the City of Ballarat in Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Bunkers Hill had a population of 270.

Bunker's Hill was originally a gold rush settlement, and diggings there opened up c. 1859. The locality was previously known as Kopke and Trunk Lead. A two–room state school at Bunker's Hill was active in the early 19th century but burned down in a 1934 fire.

Greenhalgh's Tannery, one of the few remaining in Australia, is located on Greenhalghs Road. The family–owned vegetable tannery was founded in 1865 during the gold rush. It is the only Australian tannery still using the traditional methods, such as wattle bark. They enjoy a reliable source of income through high-end saddlery. However, they could become threatened by recent housing developments on farmland and tighter regulations. Sago Hill Mine, off Trunk Lead Road, is listed on the Victorian Heritage Inventory as a former mine shaft.

City of Ballarat
The City of Ballarat is a local government area in the west of the state of Victoria, Australia. It covers an area of 739 square kilometres (285 sq mi) and, in June 2023, had a population of 118,137. It is primarily urban with the vast majority of its population living in the Greater Ballarat urban area, while other significant settlements within the LGA include Buninyong, Waubra, Learmonth and Addington.

The city is governed and administered by the Ballarat City Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Ballarat, it also has a service centre located in Buninyong. The city is named after the main urban settlement lying in the centre-south of the LGA, Ballarat, which is also the LGA's most populous urban area with a population of 105,471.
Biennale de Paris
The Biennale de Paris (English: Paris Biennale) was a noted French art festival, established in 1959. In 1983, the organization ceased functions, until its reestablishment in 2000 with the first exhibition of the new era occurring in 2004. The organization ran the festival until 2021, when the organization announced it would "“turn the page of the Biennale, in order to set up a new event," focusing instead on luxury crafts.

The Biennale's mission is to promote art and artists which challenge current conventions in the art world.

The Biennale de Paris rejects exhibitions and art objects. It refuses to be "thought by art". It identifies and defends true alternatives. It calls for "non-standard practices".

Daniel Buren
Daniel Buren (born 25 March 1938, in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French conceptual artist, painter, and sculptor. He has won numerous awards including the Golden Lion for best pavilion at the Venice Biennale (1986), the International Award for best artist in Stuttgart (1991) and the prestigious Premium Imperiale for painting in Tokyo in 2007. He has created several world-famous installations, including "Les Deux Plateaux"(1985) in the Cour d'honneur of the Palais-Royal, and the Observatory of the Light in Fondation Louis Vuitton. He is one of the most active and recognised artists on the international scene, and his work has been welcomed by the most important institutions and sites around the world.
Kazungula, Botswana
Kazungula is a border town in Chobe District, northern Botswana, about 8 kilometres east of the district capital Kasane. It lies on the south bank of the Chobe and Zambezi rivers, close to the quadripoint where the borders of Botswana, Zambia, Namibia and Zimbabwe converge. It was the capital of Chobe District from 1909 to 1921. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 4,133.

Kazungula has historically been an important crossing point on the Zambezi river for different peoples and their goods. During the wars of national liberation of the 20th century, many anti-colonial fighters escaped to Zambia via Kazungula.

Border town
A border town is a town or city close to the boundary between two countries, states, or regions. Usually the term implies that the nearness to the border is one of the things the place is most famous for. With close proximities to a different country, diverse cultural traditions can have certain influence to the place. Border towns can have highly cosmopolitan communities, a feature they share with port cities, as traveling and trading often go through the town. They can also be flashpoints for international conflicts, especially when the two countries have territorial disputes.