hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nowy Buczek
Nowy Buczek [ˈnɔvɨ ˈbut͡ʂɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipka, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Złotów County.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Kolonia Zawada
Kolonia Zawada [kɔˈlɔɲa zaˈvada] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Tomaszów Mazowiecki (pronounced [tɔˈmaʂuf mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi] ⓘ, Yiddish: טאָמעשעוו or Tomashuv) is a town in central Poland with 60,529 inhabitants (2021). It is the fourth most populous city in the Łódź Voivodeship and the second with free public transport. It is the seat of Tomaszów County.

In Tomaszów Mazowiecki there is the first (and the only) all-year speed skating track in Poland - Ice Arena Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which has hosted the World Championships. In autumn, the city hosts the international Love Polish Jazz festival, organized by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
Hibiscadelphus bombycinus
Hibiscadelphus bombycinus, the Kawaihae hibiscadelphus, is an extinct species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It was endemic to the Kohala mountain on the island of Hawaiʻi, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It has not been collected since 1865. It is presumed to have been extinct since 1920.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Real Genius
Real Genius is a 1985 American science fiction comedy film directed by Martha Coolidge, written by Neal Israel, Pat Proft, and PJ Torokvei, and starring Val Kilmer and Gabriel Jarret. The film, set on the campus of Pacific Tech, a science and engineering university similar to Caltech, follows Chris Knight (Kilmer), a genius in his senior year, who is paired with a new student on campus, Mitch Taylor (Jarret), to work on a chemical laser, only to learn it will be used for dangerous purposes. The film received positive reviews from critics, and grossed $13 million at the North American box office.

Pat Proft
Pat Proft (born 1947) is an American comedy writer, actor, and director. Born in Minnesota in 1947, Proft began his career at Dudley Riggs' Brave New Workshop in Minneapolis in the mid-1960s. He went on to perform as a one-man comedy act in the late 1960s. In 1972, Proft began working at The Comedy Store in Hollywood which led to work in television and film writing for the Smothers Brothers and Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker.

Of the many feature films Proft has written, Wrongfully Accused is the only one he also directed.  It was released in 1998.

Proft continued to work with David Zucker, and in 2013 announced he was working on a parody film with Zucker involving the Jason Bourne and Mission: Impossible series.
Ambassa hochstetteri
Ambassa hochstetteri is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is the sole species in genus Ambassa. It is a shrub or tree native to central and eastern tropical Africa, ranging from Gabon and Angola to Tanzania and Ethiopia. It grows in Afromontane moist forest and bushlands from 1000–2400 metres elevation.

Afromontane
The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Afromontane regions of Africa are discontinuous, separated from each other by lower-lying areas, and are sometimes referred to as the Afromontane archipelago, as their distribution is analogous to a series of sky islands.
Jessie Evans (basketball)
Jessie Evans (born October 24, 1950) is the former head men's basketball coach at the University of San Francisco. He was replaced by Eddie Sutton on December 26, 2007. He previously held the same position at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

He was Lute Olson’s chief recruiter at Arizona. He recruited almost 20 future NBA players in his 10 years at Arizona, including most of the 1997 National Championship Team. Following winning the National Title at Arizona, Evans accepted the head coaching job at Louisiana Lafayette. He left ULL for the University of San Francisco head coaching job after the 2003-2004 season. In 2012, Evans was hired as an assistant men's basketball coach at Southeast Missouri State University, where he served for two seasons. Evans was a finalist for the Tennessee State head coaching job in Nashville.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
1852 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1852 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 13, 1852, in order to elect the governor of Maine. Whig nominee William G. Crosby defeated incumbent Democratic governor John Hubbard, Anti-Maine Law nominee Anson G. Chandler and Free Soil Party nominee and former member of the Maine Senate Ezekiel Holmes. However, as no candidate received a majority of the total votes cast as was required by Maine law, the election was forwarded to the Maine legislature, who chose Crosby as governor, despite the fact he only came in second in the popular vote.

Ezekiel Holmes
Ezekiel Holmes (August 21, 1801 – February 9, 1865) was an American agriculturalist and politician known as the "father of Maine agriculture". Holmes secured the establishment of the University of Maine as an independent institution located in Orono, Maine.

Holmes served four consecutive single-year terms in the Maine House of Representatives from 1836 to 1840. He served two single year terms in the Maine Senate in 1844 and 1845 before returning to the House for two terms in 1851 and 1852. He was the nominee of the Liberty Party for governor in 1853 and 1854. He lost to Whig William G. Crosby both times.

Holmes was born in Kingston, Massachusetts in 1801 and graduated from Brown University in 1821 and Bowdoin College's medical school in 1824. He died in Winthrop, Maine in 1865.
Semantic mapping
Semantic mapping can refer to:

Semantic matching, in computer science, a matching to exchange information in a semantically sound manner, because of the semantic heterogeneity

Semantic mapping (statistics), a dimensionality reduction method in statistics

Semantic mapping (literacy), a technique in which graphical models are used to help school students learn vocabulary

Semantic mapping, the transformation of data elements from one namespace into another namespace on the Semantic Web, performed by a semantic mapper

Semantic mapper
A semantic mapper is tool or service that aids in the transformation of data elements from one namespace into another namespace.  A semantic mapper is an essential component of a semantic broker and one tool that is enabled by the Semantic Web technologies.

Essentially the problems arising in semantic mapping are the same as in data mapping for data integration purposes, with the difference that here the semantic relationships are made explicit through the use of semantic nets or ontologies which play the role of data dictionaries in data mapping.
Eby Shoe Corporation buildings
Eby Shoe Corporation, also known as Fleet-Air Corporation, is a historic factory building complex located at Ephrata, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The property includes three contributing buildings to the listing.  Building "A" was built about 1900, and is a four-story, gable roofed brick building with a two-story flat roofed addition.  Building "B" was built in 1919-1920, and is a three-story, gable roofed brick building measuring 48 feet wide and 115 feet deep.  Building "C" was built in 1923, and is a four-story, steel frame building with a brick exterior.  It measures 48 feet wide and 180 feet deep.  The Eby Shoe Corporation closed in 1985.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Apple Springs High School
Apple Springs High School is a public high school located in Apple Springs, Texas, United States. It is part of the Apple Springs Independent School District located in northeast Trinity County.

It is classified as a 1A school by the UIL.

In 2015, the school was rated as "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Gorton Reservoirs
Gorton Reservoirs are two reservoirs on the boundary of Tameside and Manchester in the North West of England. They are Gorton Upper Reservoir and Gorton Lower Reservoir. The upper and lower sections are separated by a road supported by a stone bridge consisting of a series of arches. They are owned and maintained by United Utilities.

The reservoirs were completed between 1825 and 1826 by the Manchester and Salford Waterworks Company. Able to supply almost 1 million imperial gallons of water per day to the city of Manchester and the surrounding area; they were used until 1963.

Tameside
Tameside is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, named after the River Tame, which flows through it, and includes the towns of Ashton-under-Lyne, Audenshaw, Denton, Droylsden, Dukinfield, Hyde, Mossley and Stalybridge. Tameside is bordered by the metropolitan boroughs of Stockport to the south, Oldham to the north and northeast, Manchester to the west, and to the east by the Borough of High Peak in Derbyshire. As of 2024, the population of Tameside was 239,643, making it the 8th-most populous borough of Greater Manchester.

There are over 300 listed buildings in Tameside and three Scheduled Ancient Monuments, including Buckton Castle. Its townships were agricultural until the Industrial Revolution when they grew with the cotton industry. The borough was created in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972.
1990 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1990 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 30 December 1989 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1990.

Yorkshire Water
Yorkshire Water is a British water supply and treatment utility company servicing West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, the East Riding of Yorkshire, part of North Lincolnshire, most of North Yorkshire and part of Derbyshire, in England. The company has its origins in the Yorkshire Water Authority, one of ten regional water authorities created by the Water Act 1973, and privatised under the terms of the Water Act 1989, when Yorkshire Water plc, the parent company of the Yorkshire Water business, was floated on the London Stock Exchange. The parent company was Kelda Group in 1999.  
In February 2008, Kelda Group was bought by a consortium of infrastructure funds.

It is regulated under the Water Industry Act 1991.
María Remedios del Valle
María Remedios del Valle (ca. 1768–1847) also known as the "Madre de la Patria" (Mother of the Homeland) was a pardo soldier who participated in the Argentine War of Independence on the side of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.

Although initially a civilian camp follower, she joined the Army of the North and participated in several battles. She was captured by Spanish forces after the Battle of Ayohuma, but escaped. Her entire family was killed in the war. When the war ended, she returned to Buenos Aires and eventually turned to begging. Discovered by one of the generals under whom she had fought, she was approved for a pension which was paid over the last decade of her life.

Largely forgotten until the turn of the 21st century when Argentine historians began including the contributions of Black Argentines, she is now widely recognized for her contributions to the independence of the nation. Her portrait is on the 10,000 peso note released in May 2024.

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata or United Provinces of the River Plate, along with United Provinces in South America, are names used to refer to the emerging state that succeeded the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata after the May Revolution, from 1810 to 1831, encompassing the Argentine War of Independence, the Cisplatine War and the beginning of the Argentine Civil Wars. The aforementioned state is now the Argentine Republic. The name "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata" is recognised as one of the official names of Argentina according to Article 53 of its constitution.
Carmenta ithacae
Carmenta ithacae is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It was described by William Beutenmüller in 1897. It is known from North America, including Florida, Arizona, Illinois, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, Virginia and Wisconsin.

Adults are on wing from late June to July.

The larvae feed on various composites like Helenium species, as well as Aster species.

Helenium
Helenium is a genus of annuals and herbaceous perennial plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Americas.

They bear yellow or orange daisy-like composite flowers. A number of these species (particularly Helenium autumnale) have the common name sneezeweed, based on the former use of their dried leaves in making snuff. It was inhaled to cause sneezing that would supposedly rid the body of evil spirits. Larger species may grow up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall.

The genus is named for Helen of Troy, daughter of Zeus and Leda.

Helenium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phymatopus behrensii.

Genus level properties: most conspicuously globe-like disk-shaped flowers, rays three-lobed at tip.
2021 Hamburg European Open – Men's singles
Andrey Rublev was the defending champion, but chose to not defend his title as he and other Russian Olympic athletes were sent to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk for training sessions.

Pablo Carreño Busta won his maiden ATP Tour 500 singles title, defeating Filip Krajinović in the final, 6–2, 6–4.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] ⓘ, lit. 'South Sakhalin city') is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. The city was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 181,587.
Silmitasertib
Silmitasertib (INN), codenamed CX-4945, is a small-molecule inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase II), a constitutively active serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is overexpressed in several types of tumors.

Silmitasertib is in clinical trials for use as an adjunct to chemotherapy in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer), is in phase I and II clinical trials for the treatment of recurrent Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma, and in preclinical development for other cancers, including hematological and lymphoid malignancies.

In January 2017, it was granted orphan drug status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced cholangiocarcinoma. It is being developed by Senhwa Biosciences of Taiwan.

Preclinical development
In drug development,  preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.

The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.

Companies use stylized statistics to illustrate the risks in preclinical research, such as that on average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Timeline of mathematics
This is a timeline of pure and applied mathematics history. It is divided here into three stages, corresponding to stages in the development of mathematical notation: a "rhetorical" stage in which calculations are described purely by words, a "syncopated" stage in which quantities and common algebraic operations are beginning to be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a  "symbolic" stage, in which comprehensive notational systems for formulas are the norm.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Galium munzii
Galium munzii (Munz's bedstraw) is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to California (Inyo, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties), Arizona (Mohave and Coconino Cos.), Nevada (Clark and Lincoln Cos.), and Utah (Washington and Tooele Cos.).

Galium munzii is a profusely branching, dioecious herb. Leaves are in whorls of 4, broadly egg-shaped or almost round. Flowers are pale green.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Jorge Racca
Jorge Oscar Racca (born September 4, 1971, in General Pico, La Pampa, Argentina) is an Argentine-Italian retired male professional basketball player. At 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) and 218 pounds (99 kg), he played at the shooting guard and small forward positions. Nicknamed "Pampa" during his career, Racca was a member of Argentina's national basketball team at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Liga Nacional de Básquet Awards
The Liga Nacional de Básquet Awards (English: National Basketball League Awards) are the yearly individual awards that are given by Argentina's top-tier level men's professional club basketball league, the Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB), or "La Liga".
Eugenius Ó Faoláin
Eugenius Ó Faoláin was Bishop of Kilmacduagh during 1409–1418.

Appointed 23 September 1409 (papal bulls expediated 25 May 1410), he was translated to Killaloe on 6 July 1418.

His surname is anglicised as Whelan and Phelan. Though mainly found in Leinster and Munster, it is also native to Connacht.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.