hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Teece
William Teece (1845 – 3 August 1890) was an Australian bootmaker and politician.
He was born at Russell in New Zealand to tanner William Teece and Catherine Hassall. His family migrated to New South Wales in 1859, where he was apprenticed to his father, eventually becoming manager of the business. On 29 January 1872 he married Anna Bella Tinsley, with whom he had two sons. In 1872 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Goulburn. He served until his death in Sydney in 1890, whereupon he was succeeded by his brother Cecil. Another brother, Richard, was the general manager of the Australian Mutual Provident Society.

AMP Limited
AMP Limited (formerly Australian Mutual Provident Society) is an Australian financial services company that operates in Australia and New Zealand. It offers superannuation and investment products, financial advice and banking services through AMP Banking, including home loans and savings accounts. AMP is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.

AMP has one of Australia's largest shareholder registers, with most shareholders living in Australia and New Zealand due to all policy holders receiving shares in the new company when the society demutualised.
Termite-flg RNA motif
The Termite-flg RNA motif (also called tg-flg) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics. Genomic sequences corresponding to Termite-flg RNAs have been identified only in uncultivated bacteria present in the termite hindgut.  As of 2010 it has not been identified in the DNA of any cultivated species, and is thus an example of RNAs present in environmental samples.

Termite-flg RNAs are consistently located in what is presumed to be the 5' untranslated regions of genes that encode proteins whose functions relate to flagella.  The RNAs are hypothesized to regulate these genes in an unknown mechanism.

Hindgut
The hindgut (or epigaster) is the posterior (caudal) part of the alimentary canal. In mammals, it includes the distal one third of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure, the descending colon, sigmoid colon and up to the ano-rectal junction. In zoology, the term hindgut refers also to the cecum and ascending colon.
Tự Đức's Catholic persecution
From 1849 to 1862, during the early years of the Vietnamese emperor Tự Đức (r. 1848–1883) of Vietnam, the most intense, brutal and bloodiest anti-Christian persecution ever in history happened in Vietnam, also was the last state-sponsored persecution of Catholic Christians in Vietnam, as a part of Tự Đức's efforts to eradicate every trace of Vietnamese Christianity. The persecution suddenly stopped in 1862 after a royal decree was passed by Tự Đức himself which granted Catholicism legitimate freedom to practice and protection.

Tự Đức
Tự Đức (Hanoi: [tɯ̂ ɗɯ́k], chữ Hán: 嗣德, lit. 'inheritance of virtues', 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm, also Nguyễn Phúc Thì) was the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, and the country's last pre-colonial monarch. Ruling for about 36 years from 1847 to 1883, this made him the longest reigning Nguyễn emperor.
Wallis Wood
Wallis Wood is a  14-hectare (35-acre) nature reserve south-east of Ewhurst in Surrey. It is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust.

A stream runs through this woodland reserve, which has an area of meadow pasture on its bank. Woodland flora include bluebells, broad-leaved helleborine orchids, violet helleborine orchids, common spotted orchids, primroses and wood anemone. There is a rare spider, Hyptiotes paradoxus, which lives in yew trees and is only found in one other site in the county.

There is access from Horsham Road in Walliswood.

Abinger
Abinger is a large, well-wooded and mostly rural civil parish that lies between the settlements of Dorking, Shere and Ewhurst in the district of Mole Valley, Surrey, England.

It adjoins Wotton Common on the same side of Leith Hill and includes Abinger Hammer, Sutton Abinger, Abinger Common, Forest Green, Walliswood, Oakwood Hill and some outskirts of Holmbury St Mary. More than half of the parish lies on the Greensand Ridge, while the remainder is divided between the Vale of Holmesdale and the North Downs.
∞-groupoid
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an ∞-groupoid is an abstract homotopical model for topological spaces. One model uses Kan complexes which are fibrant objects in the category of simplicial sets (with the standard model structure). It is an ∞-category generalization of a groupoid, a category in which every morphism is an isomorphism.

The homotopy hypothesis states that ∞-groupoids are equivalent to spaces up to homotopy.: 2–3

NLab
The nLab is a wiki for research-level notes, expositions and collaborative work. It includes original research in mathematics, physics, and philosophy with a focus on methods from type theory, category theory, and homotopy theory. The nLab espouses the "n-point of view" (a deliberate pun on Wikipedia's "neutral point of view"), which is that type theory, homotopy theory, category theory, and higher category theory provide a useful, unifying viewpoint for mathematics, physics and philosophy.

The n in n-point of view could refer to either n-categories as found in higher category theory, n-groupoids as found in both homotopy theory and higher category theory, or n-types as found in homotopy type theory.
1850 New York state election
The 1850 New York state election was held on Tuesday November 5, 1850, to elect the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

Clerk of the New York Court of Appeals
The Clerk of the New York Court of Appeals was one of the statewide elected officials in New York from 1847 to 1870. He was also ex officio a clerk of the New York Supreme Court. The office was created by the New York State Constitution of 1846. The first Clerk was elected at the 1847 New York special judicial election, and took office on July 5, 1847, when the Court of Appeals succeeded the Court for the Correction of Errors and the Court of Chancery.
Jes Staley
James Edward "Jes" Staley (born December 27, 1956) is an American banker and the former group chief executive of Barclays. He spent 34 years at J.P. Morgan's investment bank. After moving to BlueMountain Capital in 2013, Staley became CEO of Barclays in December 2015.

In November 2021, Staley resigned amid a regulatory probe into whether he mischaracterized his relationship with the financier, human trafficker and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. According to The New York Times, Staley was Epstein's "chief defender" at J.P. Morgan, helping Epstein maintain accounts at the firm amid internal concerns that Epstein was using the accounts for illicit activities.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
Attention to Detail (album)
Attention to Detail is the second solo studio album by Nigerian singer Kcee. It was released on 24 August 2017 by Five Star Music and features guest appearances from Falz, 2Baba, Tekno, Flavour, Olamide, Patoranking, Phyno, Shatta Wale, and Sauti Sol. Its production was mainly handled by Mystro, along with additional production from Blaq Jerzee, Dr Amir, and Krizbeatz. The album serves as a follow-up to Kcee's debut, Take Over (2013).

2Baba
Innocent Ujah Idibia MON (Listenⓘ; born 18 September 1975), known by his stage name 2Baba  and formerly as 2Face Idibia, is a Nigerian singer-songwriter, record producer and philanthropist known for his solo debut album, Face 2 Face (2004). He is regarded as one of the "most influential" and greatest Afrobeats artists of all time following his contributions to Nigerian pop music in the 2000s.

2Baba won the MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act in 2005. In 2019, he collaborated with Cobhams Asuquo and Timi Dakolo to release a song raising awareness for children's rights. In 2025, Billboard ranked his song "African Queen" No. 1 on their list of the best Afrobeats songs of all time.
Anthony di Bonaventura
Anthony di Bonaventura (November 12, 1929  – November 12, 2012) was an American pianist and Professor of Music at Boston University's College of Fine Arts for 40 years. He was the director of a Piano Institute at Colby College Piano Institute (1978–2003) and then at West Chester University of Pennsylvania (2004–12).

San Francisco Symphony
The San Francisco Symphony, founded in 1911, is an American orchestra based in San Francisco, California. Since 1980 the orchestra has been resident at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in the city's Hayes Valley neighborhood. The San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra (founded in 1981) and the San Francisco Symphony Chorus (1972) are part of the organization. Michael Tilson Thomas became the orchestra's music director in 1995, and concluded his tenure in 2020 when Esa-Pekka Salonen took over the position.

Among the orchestra's awards and honors are an Emmy Award and 15 Grammy Awards in the past 26 years.
What a Waster
"What a Waster" is the debut single by English rock band The Libertines. The song received little airplay because it contains frequent profanity. "What a Waster" was initially left off the UK edition of the band's debut album Up the Bracket but was later included as the 13th track on a subsequent re-issue.

The song was used in the film The Football Factory.

The Football Factory (film)
The Football Factory is a 2004 sports drama film written by AJ Lovell and directed by Nick Love and starring Danny Dyer, Tamer Hassan, Frank Harper, Roland Manookian, Neil Maskell and Dudley Sutton. The film is loosely based on the novel of the same name by John King and the first foray into filmmaking by video game producers Rockstar Games (publishers of games such as the Grand Theft Auto series, among others), credited as executive producers. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 14 May 2004.
Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis
Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis is a species of stone loach from the streams and springs with gravel, sand or mud substrate and slowly flowing water in the area of the Lake Tuz basin in central Anatolia in Turkey.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.
Sidney Maiden
Sidney Maiden (April 1917 – c. 1987) was an American country blues musician. Maiden principally played harmonica accompaniment, but also sang on some of his own recordings, in addition to writing several compositions. His best known work is "Eclipse of the Sun" (1948).

Country blues
Country blues (also folk blues, rural blues, backwoods blues, or downhome blues) is one of the earliest forms of blues music, but also refers to a blend of country music and blues. The mainly solo vocal with acoustic fingerstyle guitar accompaniment developed in the rural Southern United States in the early 20th century.  It stands in contrast primarily to the urban blues style, especially in the pre-war era.
Empire silhouette
Empire silhouette, Empire line, Empire waist or just Empire is a style in clothing in which the dress has a fitted bodice ending just below the bust, giving a high-waisted appearance, and a gathered skirt which is long and loosely fitting but skims the body rather than being supported by voluminous petticoats.

While the style goes back to the late 18th century, the term "Empire silhouette" arose over a century later in early 20th-century Britain; here the word empire refers to the period of the First French Empire (1804–1815). The word "empire" is pronounced with a special quasi-French pronunciation /ɑːmˈpɪər/ in American fashion history but not in Commonwealth English. It was never used to describe the waistline at the time of its first use and is applied anachronistically to historical styles.

Chiton (garment)
A chiton (/ˈkaɪtɒn, -tən/; Ancient Greek: χιτών, romanized: khitṓn [kʰitɔ̌ːn]) is a form of tunic that fastens at the shoulder, worn by men and women of ancient Greece and Rome. There are two forms of chiton: the Doric and the later Ionic.  According to Herodotus, popular legend was that Athenian women began to wear the chiton as opposed to the peplos after several women stabbed a messenger to death with the bronze pins characteristic of the peplos.
Helical boundary conditions
In mathematics, helical boundary conditions are a variation on periodic boundary conditions. Helical boundary conditions provide a method for determining the index of a lattice site's neighbours when each lattice site is indexed by just a single coordinate. On a lattice of dimension d where the lattice sites are numbered from 1 to N and L is the width (i.e. number of elements per row) of the lattice in all but the last dimension, the neighbors of site i are:

where the modulo operator is used. It is not necessary that N = Ld. Helical boundary conditions make it possible to use only one coordinate to describe arbitrary-dimensional lattices.

Modulo
In computing and mathematics, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, the latter being called the modulus of the operation.

Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.

For example, the expression "5 mod 2" evaluates to 1, because 5 divided by 2 has a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 1, while "9 mod 3" would evaluate to 0, because 9 divided by 3 has a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 0.

Although typically performed with a and n both being integers, many computing systems now allow other types of numeric operands. The range of values for an integer modulo operation of n is 0 to n − 1. a mod 1 is always 0.

When exactly one of a or n is negative, the basic definition breaks down, and programming languages differ in how these values are defined.
2019 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series
The 2019 FIG World Cup circuit in Artistic Gymnastics is a series of competitions officially organized and promoted by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) in 2019.  All four of the Apparatus World Cup series competitions (Melbourne, Baku, Doha, and Cottbus) will serve as opportunities for gymnasts to earn points towards Olympic qualification through the FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series route.

Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article describes the qualifying phase for gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics (postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic).

The qualification system underwent a significant revision following the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. The team events in artistic gymnastics will be reduced from five members to four, but a maximum of two further places will be available for competitors in individual events, in principle allowing one or two athletes per National Olympic Committee (NOC) to enter as specialists.

In a further move to link International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) competitions to the Olympics, it will now be possible to qualify for the Olympics on the basis of an aggregate of scores achieved over the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series and the various continental artistic gymnastics championships.
Nevelsky District, Pskov Oblast
Nevelsky District (Russian: Не́вельский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Novosokolnichesky District in the north, Velikoluksky District in the east, Usvyatsky District in the southeast, Haradok, Polotsk, and Rasony Districts of Vitebsk Region of Belarus in the south (forming part of the Belarus–Russia border), Sebezhsky District in the west, and with Pustoshkinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,689.9 square kilometers (1,038.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Nevel. Population: 26,657 (2010 Census); 31,419 (2002 Census); 38,951 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nevel accounts for 61.2% of the district's total population.

Haradok district
Haradok district (Belarusian: Гарадоцкі раён; Russian: Городокский район) is a district (raion) of Vitebsk region in Belarus. Its administrative centre is Haradok.

The largest lakes of the district are Yezyaryscha Lake (the thirteenth largest in Belarus) and Losvida Lake (the eighteenth largest in Belarus).
Abdus Salam Library
The Abdus Salam Library is the largest academic and research library of Imperial College London. The current library opened in August 1969, taking over from the original Lyon Playfair Library which opened in 1959. The collection grew out of earlier libraries of the various departments and colleges; the oldest dates back to 1845.: 18  Formerly known as the Central Library, it is one of 7 libraries at Imperial with its collection covering all of the university's research departments. It is situated on Queen's Lawn next to Imperial College Road, and across from Queen's Tower.

Royal College of Science
The Royal College of Science was a higher education institution located in South Kensington; it was a constituent college of Imperial College London from 1907 until it was wholly absorbed by Imperial in 2002. Still to this day, graduates from the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Imperial College London receive an Associateship to the Royal College of Science. Organisations linked with the college include the Royal College of Science Union and the Royal College of Science Association.
Acid Maria
DJ Acid Maria, born Angelika Lepper, is a German DJ and music producer of electronic music. Her musical style is between techno and Chicago house. She became famous as the house DJ of the Munich clubs Ultraschall and Harry Klein.

Chicago house
Chicago house refers to house music produced during the mid to late 1980s within Chicago. The term is generally used to refer to the original house music of DJs and producers from the area, such as Ron Hardy and Phuture.
David J. Bellis
David J. Bellis (May 1, 1944 – June 29, 2006) was an educator and politician. He served on the Signal Hill (California) City Council from April 1980 to September 1986, as mayor from April 1983 to April 1984, and chaired the Signal Hill Redevelopment Agency. He later chaired the City of San Bernardino's Main Street Program, which worked to revitalize downtown San Bernardino.

He was the son of Carroll Joseph Bellis (1908–2015) and the former Helen Louise Jett (1913–2012). The elder Bellis served as surgical consultant to the Surgeon General of the U.S. Army and was a longtime surgeon at St. Mary Medical Center in Long Beach, California, completing over 26,000 herniorrhaphies during his tenure. He invented the mersilene mesh hernia-repair procedure and was the first to perform the procedure as an outpatient surgery.

David and the former Ann Seagreaves (1944 – 2025) were married on December 23, 1972 in Los Angeles, California.

Signal Hill, California
Signal Hill is a city 2.2 mi2 (5.7 km2) in area in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Partially high on an eponymous hill, the city is an enclave completely surrounded by the city of Long Beach. Signal Hill was incorporated on April 22, 1924, roughly three years after oil was discovered there. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,848, up from 11,016 at the 2010 census.
Cyril Wecht
Cyril Harrison Wecht (March 20, 1931 – May 13, 2024) was an American forensic pathologist. He was president of both the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and the American College of Legal Medicine, and headed the board of trustees of the American Board of Legal Medicine. Wecht served as County Commissioner and Allegheny County Coroner and Medical Examiner, serving the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. He was perhaps best known for his criticism of the Warren Commission's findings concerning the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Forensic pathology
Forensic pathology is pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. A post mortem examination is performed by a medical examiner or forensic pathologist, usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions. Coroners and medical examiners are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of remains.
Flaccid dysarthria
Flaccid dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from damage to peripheral nervous system (cranial or spinal nerves) or lower motor neuron system.  Depending on which nerves are damaged, flaccid dysarthria affects respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation. It also causes weakness, hypotonia (low-muscle tone), and diminished reflexes. Perceptual effects of flaccid dysarthria can include hypernasality, imprecise consonant productions, breathiness of voice, and affected nasal emission.

Lower motor neuron
Lower motor neurons (LMNs) are motor neurons located in either the anterior grey column, anterior nerve roots (spinal lower motor neurons) or the cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem and cranial nerves with motor function (cranial nerve lower motor neurons). Many voluntary movements rely on spinal lower motor neurons, which innervate skeletal muscle fibers and act as a link between upper motor neurons and muscles. Cranial nerve lower motor neurons also control some voluntary movements of the eyes, face and tongue, and contribute to chewing, swallowing and vocalization. Damage to lower motor neurons often leads to hypotonia, hyporeflexia, flaccid paralysis as well as muscle atrophy and fasciculations.
Jurgita Štreimikytė
Jurgita Štreimikytė (born 14 May 1972 in Alytus, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian former basketball forward who played the WNBA for Indiana Fever and the Euroleague Women with  Kaunas, Valenciennes Olympic and SG Comense among others. She was a member of the Lithuanian national team, winning the 1997 Eurobasket. She retired from international basketball following the 2006 World Championship.

After retiring in 2010, she currently serves as Kaunas' second coach.

On 30 November 2022, she was inducted to the FIBA Hall of Fame in appreciation of her stunning career contributions.

Štreimikytė's husband is Dainius Virbickas, 1996 Olympic Lithuanian long-distance runner. They have one son.

Alytus
Alytus (Lithuanian: [ɐlʲiːˈtʊs] ⓘ) is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the sixth-largest city in Lithuania and the 14th-largest city in the Baltic states, and also the capital of Alytus County. Being the historical centre of the Dzūkija region, it is connected to several major roads, linking it with the cities of Vilnius; Kaunas; Lazdijai, which is on the border with Poland; and Grodno, Belarus. In July 2024, its total population was counted as 50,996 people. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas river.

For centuries, the city was divided into two separate entities. Even today, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II. The Alytus I half is smaller, and less developed than the Alytus II half, which forms the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas.