hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japanese pop culture in the United States
There is significant awareness of Japanese popular culture in the United States. The flow of Japanese animation, fashion, films, manga comics, martial arts, television shows and video games to the United States has increased American awareness of Japanese pop culture, which has had a significant influence on American pop culture, including sequential media and entertainment into the 21st century.

Original English-language manga
An original English-language manga or OEL manga is a comic book or graphic novel drawn in the style of manga and originally published in English. The term "international manga", as used by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, encompasses all foreign comics which draw inspiration from the "form of presentation and expression" found in Japanese manga. This may also apply to manga-inspired comics made in other languages.
NEOS Server
The NEOS Server is an Internet-based client-server application that provides free access to a library of optimization solvers. Its library of solvers includes more than 60 commercial, free and open source solvers, which can be applied to mathematical optimization problems of more than 12 different types, including linear programming, integer programming and nonlinear optimization.

The server is managed by the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Most of the solvers are hosted by the University of Wisconsin in Madison, where jobs run on a cluster of high-performance machines managed by the HTCondor software. A smaller number of solvers are hosted by partner organizations: Arizona State University, the University of Klagenfurt in Austria, and the University of Minho in Portugal. The  server was developed in 1996 by the Optimization Technology Center of Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Me and My Foolish Heart
"Me and My Foolish Heart" is the debut single by English band Johnny Hates Jazz, released by Rak in 1986. It was written by Phil Thornalley (under the pseudonym L. Da Vinci), Calvin Hayes, Iain MacDonald and Mike Nocito, and was produced by Hayes and Nocito. The song was included on the band's 1988 debut album Turn Back the Clock as "Foolish Heart".

Phil Thornalley
Phillip Carden Thornalley (born 5 January 1960) is an English songwriter, musician, and producer who has worked in the music industry since 1978. He produced the album Pornography by The Cure and was later their bass player. He began releasing his own music in 1988 and briefly joined the band Johnny Hates Jazz. In later years he worked principally as a songwriter, and is perhaps best known for co-writing the song "Torn" (made famous by Natalie Imbruglia) and for co-writing two UK number one hits for Pixie Lott. Starting in the 2010s he released more solo music under his own name and as Astral Drive.
AKA Cartoon Network
AKA Cartoon Network was a slot in the Cartoon Network weekday evening schedule from 1999 to 2000, between 7 and 9 pm on weekday evenings. The slot consisted of repeated shows such as Space Ghost Coast to Coast, Tom and Jerry, Looney Tunes and Cow and Chicken. In addition, the slot included an original show called Cult Toons, broadcast only on Friday evenings.

'AKA' Stings and Cult Toons material would consist of Hanna-Barbera owned footage, prominently from the 1960s and 1970s (such as Wacky Races, The Perils of Penelope Pitstop, The Banana Splits (including Arabian Knights and Danger Island), Hong Kong Phooey, Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch!, Harlem Globetrotters). More contemporary material included Cow and Chicken and Dexter's Laboratory.

Arabian Knights
Arabian Knights is an animated segment of The Banana Splits Adventure Hour, created by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The series is based on the Arabian Nights, a classic work of Middle Eastern literature. The cast includes Jay North, Shari Lewis, Henry Corden, Paul Frees, Frank Gerstle, and John Stephenson.
Limits on Depreciation Deduction
For taxation in the United States, the Limits on Depreciation Deduction (Section 280F) was enacted to limit certain deductions on depreciable assets. Section 280F is a policy that makes the Internal Revenue Code more accurate by allowing a taxpayer to report their business use on an asset they may also need for some personal reasons.

Internal Revenue Code
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States. It is codified in statute as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRC is organized topically into subtitles and sections, covering federal income tax in the United States, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. The Code's implementing federal agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
Old Union County Courthouse (Georgia)
The Old Union County Courthouse in Blairsville, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It was designed by architects Golucke & Stewart. It has a hipped roof with intersecting gables.  An original clock tower is gone, as are some decorative turrets.  It has a Richardsonian Romanesque stone-trimmed arch at the main entrance.

The courthouse is in the center of a traffic circle that includes Cleveland Street from the south, Pat Haralson Memorial Drive from the north, Blue Ridge Street from the west, and Wellborn Street and Candler Drive from the east. Until 2016 US 19/129/SR 11 circled around the courthouse from Cleveland Street to the south onto Blue Ridge Street to the west.

Georgia State Route 11
State Route 11 (SR 11) is a 376-mile-long (605 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Georgia, traveling through portions of Echols, Lanier, Berrien, Irwin, Ben Hill, Wilcox, Pulaski, Houston, Peach, Bibb, Jones, Jasper, Newton, Walton, Barrow, Jackson, Hall, White, Lumpkin, and Union counties. It travels the entire length of the state from south to north, connecting the Florida state line with the North Carolina state line, roughly bisecting the state into two equal parts. It travels through Warner Robins, Macon, and Gainesville. It is the longest route in the state. The portion from the southeastern city limits of Monticello to the Jasper–Newton county line is included in the Monticello Crossroads Scenic Byway.
Spartaeinae
The Spartaeinae are a subfamily of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). The subfamily was established by Fred R. Wanless in 1984 to include the groups Boetheae, Cocaleae, Lineae, Codeteae and Cyrbeae, which in turn were defined by Eugène Simon.

The Spartaeinae are palaeotropical, with an exceptional diversity in the Malaysian and Indonesian archipelagos.

They are unusual salticids that are considered basal to the phylogenetic tree of jumping spiders. Like the Lyssomaninae they lack many derived features that the Salticinae possess. Spartaeinae usually have large posterior median eyes. However, these were reduced in the genera Cyrba, Gelotia and Wanlessia.

Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn lwi simɔ̃]; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.
Kaho Iwano
Kaho Iwano (岩野 夏帆, born 6 August 1999) is a Japanese water polo player. She was selected to the Japan women's national water polo team, for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

She participated in the 2019 Summer Universiade.

She plays for Shumei University.

2019 Summer Universiade
The 2019 Summer Universiade (Italian: 2019 Universiade estiva), officially known as the XXX Summer Universiade (Italian: XXX Universiade estiva) and also known as Naples 2019, or Napoli 2019, was held in Naples, Italy, between 3 and 14 July 2019.

It was initially scheduled for Brasília, Brazil in July 2019. However, on 23 December 2014, it was confirmed that Brasília had withdrawn from hosting the event, citing financial problems. International University Sports Federation decided to reopen the bidding process after the withdrawal.
Stian Eisenträger
Stian Andre Ebbesvik Eisenträger (born 1984) is a Norwegian journalist and since January 2024 the editor-in-chief of the fact-checking website Faktisk.no. Eisenträger worked as a foreign affairs journalist at Verdens Gang from 2007 to 2020, and was the newspaper's acting head of foreign news. In 2020 he became the editor-in-chief of Forsvarets forum. He also worked as a journalist at Forsvarets forum from 2003 to 2004, when serving his conscription service in the Norwegian military. In 2018 he was one of the recipients of the Internasjonal Reporter Prize at SKUP, for the article series "Det hvite raseriet."

Faktisk.no
Faktisk.no ("Actually.no") is a Norwegian fact-checking website produced through a cooperation between major media companies of Norway, including the state broadcasting company NRK, the media conglomerate Schibsted (which owns Verdens Gang and Aftenposten) and the liberal newspaper Dagbladet. It is part of the International Fact-Checking Network. The website was founded in 2017. Kristoffer Egeberg, editor-in-chief since its inception, announced his resignation with immediate effect in June 2023 to assume a position in the Norwegian secret surveillance and intelligence service PST. In 2018 Faktisk.no announced a partnership with Facebook to fact-check content on the platform.
Piercolias
Piercolias is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. The name Piercolias was introduced by Augustus Radcliffe Grote as a replacement for Trifurcula Staudinger, 1894, which is invalid under the Principle of Homonymy.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.
George Knight (cricketer, born 1835)
George Knight (28 March 1835 – 8 January 1901) was an English cricketer.  Knight was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He occasionally bowled underarm slow.  He was born at Petworth, Sussex.

Knight made his first-class debut for Sussex against Kent in 1860.  He played infrequently for Sussex over the next fourteen years, making twelve further first-class appearances, the last of which came against Gloucestershire in 1874. In his thirteen first-class appearances, he scored a total of 125 runs at an average of 6.25, with a high score of 21.  In the field he took 8 catches and made 11 stumpings. With his occasionally underarm bowling, he took just a single wicket.

He died at the town of his birth on 8 January 1901.

Underarm bowling
Underarm bowling is a style of bowling in cricket. The style is as old as the sport itself. Until the introduction of the roundarm style in the first half of the 19th century, bowling was performed in the same way as in the sport of bowls, with the ball being delivered with the hand below the waist. Bowls may well be an older game than cricket and it is possible that it provided a template for delivering a ball with a degree of accuracy.
Crystal Lake (Fergus County, Montana)
Crystal Lake is a 45-acre (18 ha) body of water in the Big Snowy Mountains in Fergus County, Montana, United States. The lake is located 18 miles south of Lewistown in the Lewis and Clark National Forest. The Forest Service's Crystal Lake Campground is located at the lake's southern tip. The lake is stocked annually with rainbow trout.Crystal Lake offers camping, hiking, and fishing located on an island of wild mountains surrounded by prairie. The lake is in the Big Snowy Mountains which are one of the small “island” ranges that dot central Montana.

Lewistown, Montana
Lewistown is a city in and the county seat of Fergus County, Montana, United States. The population was 5,952 at the 2020 census. Lewistown is located in the geographic center of the state, southeast of Great Falls and northwest of Billings. First planned in 1882, it was the site of an 1880s gold rush, and served as an important railway destination, supplying surrounding communities with bricks via rail.
Yūki District
Yūki (結城郡, Yūki-gun) is a district located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As at May, 2008, the district had an estimated Population of 23,388 and a Density of 396 persons/km2. The total area is 59.1 km2.

The district contains one town, Yachiyo (八千代町, Yachiyo-machi)

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Pawnee Killer
Pawnee Killer (born c. 1826) was a leader of the Oglala. He also led a band of mixed Sioux-Cheyenne Dog Soldiers during the US war against the Plains Indians.

His name was derived from his exploits against the Pawnee, the traditional enemies of the Oglala and allies of the US government.

After the U.S. Army committed the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, Pawnee Killer participated in the retaliatory attack on Julesburg in Colorado in early 1865 and the Fetterman Fight in Wyoming during Red Cloud's War. He also fought in the so-called Kidder fight in Kansas in 1867 and possibly the Battle of Beecher Island in 1868.

After the end of the American-Sioux wars, he settled with his family at the Pine Ridge Reservation of the Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska. Little is known of his later life although he is listed on the reservation's census records, as a head of household, until June 1895.

Sand Creek massacre
The Sand Creek massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre, the battle of Sand Creek or the massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of the Third Colorado Cavalry under the command of U.S. Volunteers Colonel John Chivington, a Methodist pastor, attacked and annihilated a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho people in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70 to over 600 Native American people. Chivington claimed 500 to 600 warriors were killed. However, most sources estimate around 150 people were killed, about two-thirds of whom were women and children. The location has been designated the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site and is administered by the National Park Service. The massacre is considered part of a series of events known as the Colorado Wars.
Jirish Mach'ay
Jirish Mach'ay (local Quechua jirish colibri, mach'ay cave, "colibri cave", also spelled Jirishmachay) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochiri Province, Chicla District. Jirish Mach'ay lies near the Antikuna mountain pass, south-west of the mountain Tiktimach'ay and west of the lake Tiktiqucha.

Huarochirí province
Huarochirí (Quechua: Waruchiri) is a province of the department of Lima, Peru. From the administrative point of view of the Catholic Church in Peru, it forms part of the Territorial Prelature of Yauyos. Its capital is Matucana. The western section is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area.
Shahlar Huseynov
Shahlar Isa oglu Huseynov (Azerbaijani: Şahlar Hüseynov; 26 November 1968, in Hankavan village, Armenia SSR – 10 April 1992, in Tartar District, Azerbaijan) was the National Hero of Azerbaijan, and warrior during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s.

Tartar District
Tartar District (Azerbaijani: Tərtər rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Kalbajar, Goranboy, Yevlakh, Barda, and Aghdam. Its capital and largest city is Tartar. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 104,700.
Saraswati River (West Bengal)
Saraswati is a river in Hooghly and Howrah district of West Bengal. The river drains western end of the Kolkata metropolitan area, which area belong to Chinsurah, Chandannagar, Srirampore and Howrah Sadar subdivision. The Saraswati river originates on the western bank of the Hooghly river at Tribeni, the river generally flows south-west through Singur and Dankuni area before reaching Chanditala at Domjur. Passing the Chanditala, the river flows southeast and finally it joins the Hooghly river at Sankrail.

The course of the river has been turned into a canal, drying up most of the stream. The river carries sewage mixed with urban waste, but the source and estuary of the river receives inflows of water from the Hooghly river.

The description of this river is found in Rennell's 'Systematic Survey' in 1776 AD. Saraswati River is also mentioned in Bengali literature, especially in Manasamangal Kāvya.

Manasamangal Kāvya
Manasamangal Kāvya (Bengali: মনসামঙ্গল কাব্য) is recognized as the oldest of the Bengali Mangal-Kāvyas, chronicling the establishment of the snake-goddess Manasa's worship in Bengal.  The goddess holds alternative names such as Bisahari, Janguli, and Padmavati.In the Kāvya, she is also derogatorily referred to as "Chyang-muri Kaani"(The One-Eyed Wretch") by Chand Sadagar.
Yad Lagla
"Yad Lagla" is a 2016 Indian Marathi-language song from the soundtrack album of the film Sairat, directed and co-written by Nagraj Manjule. The song is written and composed by Ajay-Atul, sung by Ajay Gogavale. The music video of the track features actors Akash Thosar and Rinku Rajguru. "Yad Lagla" was remade in Hindi as "Pehli Baar" for the Sairat's Hindi remake Dhadak, starred Ishaan Khatter and Janhvi Kapoor. The Times of India included song in their list of Top 10 Marathi romantic songs.

Nagraj Manjule
Nagraj Popatrao Manjule (born 24 August 1978) is an Indian film director, actor, producer, scriptwriter, poet, screenwriter, and filmmaker. He works in Marathi cinema, and is best known for Sairat and Pistulya—the latter for which he received National Film Award in the National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director. He made his Hindi Cinema debut in 2022, with a film called Jhund, starring Amitabh Bachchan.

At the 61st National Film Awards, Fandry won the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director. In 2018, Manjule published a book of poetry in Marathi titled Unhachya Katavirudhha which won the Bhairuratan Damani Sahitya Puraskar. He owns a wrestling team called 'Veer Marathwada' in Zee Maharashtra Kusti Dangal.
Lagarosiphon major
Lagarosiphon major is a monocotic aquatic plant native to Southern Africa. Common names include African elodea, curly waterweed, oxygen weed and South African oxygen weed. It is used as freshwater aquarium plant.

It is an invasive plant in some countries. In New Zealand it is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord, and it is classed as a noxious weed in the United States. Lagarosiphon major was added to the European Union's 
List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern on 3 August 2016, meaning that – amongst other things – it is illegal to sell it anywhere in the European Union or to dump it in the environment.

National Pest Plant Accord
The National Pest Plant Accord (NPPA) is a New Zealand agreement that identifies pest plants that are prohibited from sale and commercial propagation and distribution.

The Accord initially came into effect on 1 October 2001 between regional councils and government departments with biosecurity responsibilities, but in 2006 was revised to include the Nursery and Garden Industry Association as a member of the decision-making body. Under the Accord, regional councils undertake surveillance to ensure the pest plants are not being sold, propagated or distributed.

The Department of Conservation also lists 328 vascular plant species as environmental weeds – species that infest, are controlled on, or are damaging to land under its control.
Jack Mogridge
Jack Mogridge (1903–1978) was an Australian rugby league player from the 1920s and later an administrator.

Known as a tough forward, Jack Mogridge came to St. George Dragons from Warwick, Queensland after being spotted by club stalwart Arthur Justice in Armidale in 1927. He spent two seasons at the Dragons, but suffered a serious broken leg injury in 1929, which finished his career prematurely. Mogridge stayed with the St. George Dragons in an administrative capacity, later becoming club treasurer, a selector and the club delegate to the NSWRFL. In later years, Jack Mogridge was the publican of the Kogarah Hotel, in Kogarah, New South Wales.

Jack Mogridge is also credited in being the co-writer of the old club song "We are the St. George Boys".

After many years of faithful service, Jack Mogridge was awarded life membership of the St. George Dragons in 1948.

Warwick, Queensland
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a rural town and locality in southeast Queensland, Australia, lying 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-west of Brisbane. It is the administrative centre of the Southern Downs Region local government area. The surrounding Darling Downs have fostered a strong agricultural industry for which Warwick, together with the larger city of Toowoomba, serve as convenient service centres. In the 2021 census, the locality of Warwick had a population of 12,294 people.
Nishat Bagh
Nishat Bagh (lit. 'Garden of Joy'  or 'Garden of Delight') is a terraced Mughal garden built on the eastern bank of the Dal Lake, close to Srinagar in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is the second-largest Mughal garden in the Kashmir Valley.

Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is an intermontane valley in the northern part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is surrounded by the ranges of the Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the Greater Himalayan Range. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) long and 32 km (20 mi) wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. It falls entirely within the Kashmir Division of Jammu and Kashmir.