hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nuvoli
Nuvoli is an Italian surname.

Giovanni Nuvoli (1953 – 2007), Italian football referee

Montanino Nuvoli (1931 – 1997), Italian rower

Paolo Nuvoli (1935 – 2025), Italian politician

Salvatore Nuvoli (1935 – 2010), Italian rower

Giovanni Nuvoli
Giovanni Nuvoli (Alghero, 15 December 1953 – Alghero, 23 July 2007) was an Italian football referee who suffered of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis since 2001. With the help of Associazione Luca Coscioni, he fought for his right to die but his attempted euthanasia was blocked by the authorities on 13 February 2007. He started a hunger strike on 16 July 2007 and subsequently died on 23 July. The case sparked controversy in Italy, also because of its similarity to that of Piergiorgio Welby.
Music Is a Hungry Ghost
Music is a Hungry Ghost is an album by the German post-rock group To Rococo Rot in collaboration with the New York City turntablist I-Sound. It was released on May 8, 2001 and was the band's first album for the Mute Records label.

Mute Records
Mute Records is a British independent record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It has featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Einstürzende Neubauten, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Arca, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Laibach, Nitzer Ebb, Yann Tiersen, Wire, Yeasayer, Fever Ray, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yazoo, and M83.
Ayran Tunnel (motorway)
The Ayran Tunnel (Turkish: Ayran Tüneli), is a motorway tunnel constructed on the Adana–Şanlıurfa motorway  O-52  E90  AH84 in Osmaniye Province, southern Turkey.

It is situated on the Taurus Mountains near Arıcaklı village of Bahçe, Osmaniye. The 560 and 596 m (1,837 and 1,955 ft)-long twin-tube tunnel carrying three lanes of traffic in each direction is flanked by 376–376 m (1,234–1,234 ft)-long Taşoluk Tunnel in the west and 2,851–2,819 m (9,354–9,249 ft)-long Kızlaç Tunnel in the east on the same motorway. Dangerous goods carriers are not permitted to use the tunnel.

The tunnel was constructed by Tekfen in New Austrian Tunnelling method (NATM).

Osmaniye Province
Osmaniye Province (Turkish: Osmaniye ili) is a province in south-central Turkey. It was named Cebel-i Bereket (lit. 'Fertile Mountain') in the early republic until 1933, when it was incorporated into Adana Province. It was made a province again in 1996. Its area is 3,320 km2, and its population is 559,405 (2022). The province is situated in Çukurova, a geographical, economical and cultural region. The capital of the province is Osmaniye. Other major towns include Kadirli and Düziçi.
All Japan Dockworkers' Union
The All Japan Dockworkers' Union (JDU; Japanese: 全日本港湾労働組合, Zenkowan) is a trade union representing port workers in Japan.

The union was established in 1946, and was affiliated with Sanbetsu.  However, in 1950 it switched to the new General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo).  Its membership reached 28,214 by 1970, then fell to 22,124 in 1985.  In 1989, Sohyo merged with the Japanese Trade Union Confederation, but Zenkowan instead opted to become independent.

RENGO
The Japanese Trade Union Confederation (日本労働組合総連合会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōrengōkai; abbreviated JTUC), commonly known as RENGO (連合, Rengō; lit. 'union'), is the largest national trade union center in Japan, with over six million members as of 2011. It was founded in 1989 as a result of the merger of the Japan Confederation of Labor (Dōmei), the Federation of Independent Unions (Chūritsu Rōren) and the National Federation Of Industrial Organisations (Shinsanbetsu). In 1990, the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo) also joined RENGO.

As of July 2012, RENGO has 54 affiliate unions and 47 local organizations.
Helicoverpa assulta
Helicoverpa assulta, the oriental tobacco budworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. H. assulta adults are migratory and are found all over the Old World Tropics including Asia, Africa, and Australia.

This species has a brown coloured pattern on their forewings while their hindwings are yellowish orange and have a brown margin which has a pale mark. The wingspan is about 25 millimetres (0.98 in). H. assulta is closely related to Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea.

The larvae feed on various Solanaceae species, including Lycopersicon, Nicotiana (Nicotiana tabacum), Physalis and Solanum. It also feeds on fruits of Physalis peruviana and Datura species. Because of its feeding behavior, H. assulta is considered a pest of economically viable crops including tomatoes, tobacco, and hot peppers. Due to the pest status, understanding how to control the moth’s behavior is a priority, but the species’ larval eating behavior and growing resistance to insecticide complicate pest control.

Solanum
Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae, comprising around 1,500 species. It also contains the so-called horse nettles (unrelated to the genus of true nettles, Urtica), as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit.

Solanum species show a wide range of growth habits, such as annuals and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like Lycopersicon (the tomatoes) and Cyphomandra are now included in Solanum as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500–2,000 species.
Abigail
Abigail (Hebrew: אֲבִיגַיִל, Modern: ʾAvīgayīl, Tiberian: ʾĂḇīḡayīl) was an Israelite woman in the Hebrew Bible married to Nabal; she married the future King David after Nabal's death (1 Samuel 25). Abigail was David's third wife, after Ahinoam and Saul's daughter, Michal, whom Saul later married to Palti, son of Laish, when David went into hiding.

Abigail became the mother of one of David's sons, who is listed in the Book of Chronicles under the name Daniel, in the Masoretic Text of the Books of Samuel as Chileab, and in the Septuagint text of 2 Samuel 3:3 as Δαλουια, Dalouia. Her name is spelled Abigal in 2 Samuel 17:25 in the American Standard Version.

Tiberian vocalization
The Tiberian vocalization, Tiberian pointing, or Tiberian niqqud (Hebrew: הַנִּקּוּד הַטְּבֶרְיָנִי‎, romanized: hanniqquḏ haṭṭəḇeryāni) is a system of diacritics (niqqud) devised by the Masoretes of Tiberias to add to the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible to produce the Masoretic Text. The system soon became used to vocalize other Hebrew texts as well.

Tiberian vocalization marks vowels and stress, distinguishes consonant quality and length, and serves as punctuation. While the Tiberian system was devised for Tiberian Hebrew, it has become the dominant system for vocalizing all forms of Hebrew. It has long since eclipsed the comparatively rudimentary Babylonian and Palestinian vocalization systems for writing Biblical Hebrew.
Sabretooth (film)
Sabretooth is a 2002 made for television science-fiction-horror film directed by James D.R. Hickox. When a genetically-engineered saber-toothed tiger escapes from containment into a forest and starts killing a group of campers, a billionaire and the scientist that created the creature hire a big-game hunter to find it. It premiered as a Sci Fi Pictures TV-movie on the Sci Fi Channel on November 16, 2002.

David Keith (actor)
David Lemuel Keith (born May 8, 1954) is an American actor and director. His breakout role was as aspiring Navy pilot Sid Worley in An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), earning Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor and New Star of the Year. The role paved the way for leading performances in The Lords of Discipline (1983), Firestarter (1984) and the cult thriller White of the Eye (1987). Keith has since appeared in numerous supporting roles, among them Major League II (1994), The Indian in the Cupboard (1995), Poodle Springs (1998), U-571 (2000), Men of Honor (2000), Behind Enemy Lines (2001) and Daredevil (2003). He also portrayed Elvis Presley in Chris Columbus’s musical comedy Heartbreak Hotel (1988), singing several numbers on the soundtrack—including “Love Me” and “Can’t Help Falling in Love”—opposite Tuesday Weld.
Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
Gunmen kidnapped Jalal Sharafi (Persian: جلال شرفی), the second secretary of the Iranian embassy, as he drove through Karrada district in central Baghdad, Iraq on 6 February 2007. The gunmen wore uniforms of the Iraqi 36th Commando Battalion, a special Iraqi unit under United States direction. The U.S. military denied any involvement in the kidnapping. After his release on 3 April 2007, the diplomat claimed he was tortured by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operatives. The U.S. government denies that they had involvement in the kidnapping and alleged torture of Sharafi.

36th Commando Battalion
The 36th Commando Battalion (36th CDO BN) is a commando battalion unit of the 1st Special Operations Brigade (ISOF-1) and part of the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service (CTS), and one of several Iraqi special forces units created after the fall of the Saddam Hussein. Originally part of the Iraqi Special Operations Forces Brigade (ISOF BDE), the unit has a role comparable to that of the United States' 75th Ranger Regiment (Army Rangers). The unit is now designated as the 1st Commando Battalion, part of the 1st Special Operations Forces Brigade (ISOF-1).

The unit was formerly known as the 36th Iraqi Civil Defense Corps Battalion.
Pinasugbo
Pinasugbo, also known as consilva, is a Filipino banana chip dessert made from thinly sliced saba bananas that are deep-fried and coated with caramelized sugar and sesame seeds. It originates from the Hiligaynon people of the Western Visayas islands. It is traditionally sold in white paper cones.

Western Visayas
Western Visayas (Hiligaynon: Kabisay-an Nakatundan; Tagalog: Kanlurang Kabisayaan; Filipino: Kanlurang Visayas), designated as Region VI, is an administrative region in the Philippines. The region comprises the islands of Panay and Guimaras. It consists of five provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo on Panay, and the island province of Guimaras. The region also includes one highly urbanized city, Iloilo City, which is the largest city and serves as the regional center.

The Hiligaynon language, native to Iloilo City, is the region's lingua franca. The region is also dominated by native speakers of three Visayan languages: Kinaray-a, Aklanon and Capiznon. The land area of the region is 12,750.63 km2 (4,923.05 sq mi), and with a population of 4,730,771 inhabitants.
Biot–Tolstoy–Medwin diffraction model
In applied mathematics, the Biot–Tolstoy–Medwin (BTM) diffraction model describes edge diffraction.  Unlike the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD), BTM does not make the high frequency assumption (in which edge lengths and distances from source and receiver are much larger than the wavelength). BTM sees use in acoustic simulations.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Time Is Love
"Time Is Love" is a song written by Tony Martin, Mark Nesler and Tom Shapiro and recorded by American country music artist Josh Turner.  It was released in January 2012 as the lead-off single from Turner's album Punching Bag.  It was covered by Mark Kozelek on his 2013 covers album Like Rats.

Like Rats
Like Rats is a studio album by American singer-songwriter Mark Kozelek, released on February 19, 2013 on Caldo Verde Records. Self-produced by Kozelek, the album is a collection of acoustic cover songs.

The album was released on the same day as Kozelek's live album, Live at Phoenix Public House Melbourne (2013).
HMS Leander (F109)
HMS Leander (F109) was the nameship of the Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy (RN). She was originally intended to be part of the Rothesay class and would have been known as Weymouth. Leander was, like the rest of the class, named after a figure of the classical Greek mythology. She was built by the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland and was launched on 28 June 1961. She was commissioned on 27 March 1963.

Harland & Wolff
Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding and fabrication company headquartered in London with sites in Belfast, Arnish, Appledore and Methil. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction.

Today, the company is focused on supporting five sectors: Defence, Energy, Cruise & Ferry, Renewables and Commercial. It offers services including technical services, fabrication & construction, repair & maintenance, in-service support, conversion and decommissioning.

Having entered administration for the second time in five years, it was bought by Navantia in January 2025.
Peggy Boyd
Peggy Boyd (9 November 1905 – 21 September 1999) was one of Scotland's first air ambulance nurses, serving in this role during World War II.

She was a trained nurse and midwife. She set up a nursing home in Paisley, Scotland.

Air medical services
Air medical services are the use of aircraft, including both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide various kinds of urgent medical care, especially prehospital, emergency and critical care to patients during aeromedical evacuation and rescue operations.
Can you look them in the eyes?
"Can you look them in the eyes?" was a 2021 public health campaign of the British government during the COVID-19 pandemic, designed to encourage the public to follow COVID restrictions. It was launched in January 2021 across radio and television, as well as in other media.

Behavior change (public health)
Behavior change, in context of public health, refers to efforts put in place to change people's personal habits and attitudes, to prevent disease. Behavior change in public health can take place at several levels and is known as social and behavior change (SBC). More and more, efforts focus on prevention of disease to save healthcare care costs. This is particularly important in low and middle income countries, where supply side health interventions have come under increased scrutiny because of the cost.
J. R. Simplot
John Richard Simplot (/ˈsɪmplɒt/; January 4, 1909 – May 25, 2008) was an American entrepreneur and businessman best known as the founder of the J. R. Simplot Company, a Boise, Idaho–based agricultural supplier specializing in potato products. In 2007, he was estimated to be the 89th-richest person in the United States, at $3.6 billion. At the time of his death at age 99 in May 2008, he was the oldest billionaire on the Forbes 400.

Forbes 400
The Forbes 400 or 400 Richest Americans is a list published by Forbes magazine of the wealthiest 400 American citizens who own assets in the U.S., ranked by net worth. The 400 was started by Malcolm Forbes in 1982 and the list is published annually around September. Peter W. Bernstein and Annalyn Swan describe the Forbes 400 as capturing "a period of extraordinary individual and entrepreneurial energy, a time unlike the extended postwar years, from 1945 to 1982, when American society emphasized the power of corporations." Bernstein and Swan also describe it as representing "a powerful argument – and sometimes a dream – about the social value of wealth in contemporary America."

Since 2014, Forbes has published a "self-made score" alongside the list, indicating the degree to which each Forbes 400 member is responsible for their own wealth.
Bruce Islands
The Bruce Islands are a group of small islands and rocks 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) northwest of Eillium Island and 3 nautical miles (6 km) northwest of Route Point, the northwest tip of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. They were first roughly shown on Powell's chart resulting from the joint cruise of Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer in 1821. They were remapped in 1912–13 by Captain Petter Sorlle, and in 1933 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the RSS Discovery II, who named them for William S. Bruce, the leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–04.

Route Point
Route Point (60°44′S 44°49′W﻿ / ﻿60.733°S 44.817°W﻿ / -60.733; -44.817) is a rocky point marking the northwest extremity of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. Discovered and named by Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer during their joint cruise in December 1821.
Jim Downs
Jim Downs is an American historian. He is the Gilder Lehrman-National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of Civil War Studies and History at Gettysburg College. Downs is a 2025 Guggenheim Fellow. He earned his PhD at Columbia University under the direction of Eric Foner. He received his BA in English from the University of Pennsylvania, his MA in American Studies from Columbia University, where he also earned his M.Phil in History. With the support of the Andrew Mellon New Directions Fellowship, he returned to graduate school, where he studied medical anthropology, global health, and epidemiology at Harvard University.

Gettysburg College
Gettysburg College is a private liberal arts college in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1832, the 225-acre (91 ha) campus is adjacent to the Gettysburg Battlefield. In fall 2025, the college enrolled 2,086 students.

The school hosts 24 NCAA Division III men's and women's teams, known as the Bullets, and many club, intramural, and recreational sports programs.
Basilica of Nuestra Señora de la Caridad, Cartagena
The Basilica of Nuestra Señora de la Caridad stands as one of the most significant churches in Cartagena, Spain, due to its dedication to the city's patron, Nuestra Señora de la Caridad. The interior features a prominent dome reminiscent of the Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome. Additionally, the basilica houses several exceptional sculptures crafted by the renowned Murcian sculptor Francisco Salzillo and his workshop.

Pope Benedict XVI decreed this shrine to the status of Minor Basilica on 23 March 2012 with notarized authorization via the Holy Office.

Francisco Salzillo
Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz (12 May 1707 – 2 March 1783) was a Spanish sculptor. He is the most representative Spanish image-maker of the 18th century and one of greatest of the Baroque. Francisco Salzillo worked exclusively on religious themes, and almost always in polychromed wood. He made hundreds of pieces that are distributed throughout the Region of Murcia and some in bordering provinces. The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) caused the destruction of many of the works of Salzillo. Some of his masterpieces include his nonprocessional religious work, his processional work, and his great Nativity scene.
Arvind Krishnamurthy
Arvind Krishnamurthy is the Short-Dooley Professor at the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington. He is currently serving as the Vice President of USENIX (since 2020), and was named an ACM Fellow in 2020. His primary areas of research are computer networks and distributed systems.

Arvind Krishnamurthy received his bachelor's degree from IIT Madras (1991) and his masters (1994) and doctoral degrees (1999) from University of California, Berkeley.

ACM Fellow
ACM Fellowship is an award and fellowship that recognises outstanding members of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The title of ACM Fellow indicates excellence, as evinced by technical, professional and leadership contributions that:

advance computing

promote the free exchange of ideas

advance the objectives of ACM

At most 1% of the ACM membership may be elected as Fellows.

New fellows are elected annually since 1993.
Djègbè, Zou
Djègbè is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Abomey. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 19,695.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
Entoloma griseocyaneum
Entoloma griseocyaneum is a species of agaric (gilled mushroom) in the family Entolomataceae. It has been given the recommended English name of Felted Pinkgill. The species has a European distribution, occurring mainly in agriculturally unimproved grassland. Threats to its habitat have resulted in the Felted Pinkgill being assessed as globally "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Entolomataceae
The Entolomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains eight genera and 2250 species, the majority of which are in Entoloma. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (mushrooms with gills), but a minority are cyphelloid. secotioid, or gasteroid. All produce pink basidiospores that are variously angular (polyhedral), ridged, or nodulose. Species are mostly saprotrophic, though a few are parasitic on other fungi. The family occurs worldwide.
The Real Housewives of New Jersey season 2
The second season of The Real Housewives of New Jersey, an American reality television series, was broadcast on Bravo. It aired from May 3, 2010 until September 6, 2010, and was primarily filmed in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. Its executive producers are Rebecca Toth Diefenbach, Valerie Haselton, Lucilla D'Agostino, Jim Fraenkel, Omid Kahangi, Caroline Self, Tess Gamboa Meyers and Andy Cohen.

The Real Housewives of New Jersey focuses on the lives of Dina Manzo, Teresa Giudice, Jacqueline Laurita, Caroline Manzo and Danielle Staub. It consisted of eighteen episodes.

This season marked the final regular appearance of Danielle Staub. It also marked the first departure of Dina Manzo. She eventually returned for the show’s 6th season.

Andy Cohen
Andrew Joseph Cohen (born June 2, 1968) is an American radio and television talk show host, producer, and writer. He is the host and executive producer of The Real Housewives franchise and Bravo's late night talk show, Watch What Happens Live! He also hosts a two-hour show with co-host John Hill twice a week on Sirius XM.

Cohen served as Bravo's executive vice president of Development and Talent until 2013. He was responsible for creating original content, developing innovative formats, and identifying new talent. Cohen also served as executive producer on the James Beard award–winning reality cooking competition television show, Top Chef. He also hosted the revival of the television dating show Love Connection. He has been awarded a Primetime Emmy Award, and five Peabody Awards.