hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Progressive chess
Progressive chess is a chess variant in which players, rather than just making one move per turn, play progressively longer series of moves. The game starts with White making one move, then Black makes two consecutive moves, White replies with three, Black makes four and so on. Progressive chess can be combined with other variants; for example, when Circe chess is played as a game, it is usually progressively. Progressive chess is considered particularly apt for playing correspondence chess using mail or some other slow medium, because of the relatively small number of moves in a typical game.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Heather Royer
Heather Royer (born c. 1974) is an American economist who is a professor of economics at the University of California, Santa Barbara and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. She has been an Associate Editor of The Journal of Human Resources, the Journal of Health Economics, and the Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, and will become coeditor of the AEA Journal of Economic Policy in September 2021.

She was a member of the women's team that set a world record in a swimming relay from Palos Verdes to Santa Catalina Island in 1994, and swam the English Channel in 1999. She is a member of the Alaska Swimming Hall of Fame.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Todi
Todi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtɔːdi]; Tuder in antiquity) is a town and comune (municipality) of the province of Perugia (region of Umbria) in central Italy. It is perched on a tall two-crested hill overlooking the east bank of the river Tiber, commanding distant views in every direction. It was founded in antiquity by the Umbri, at the border with Etruria; the gens Ulpia of Roman emperor Trajan came from Todi.

Jacopone da Todi
Jacopone da Todi O.F.M. (c. 1230 – 25 December 1306) was an Italian Franciscan friar from Umbria. He wrote several laude (songs in praise of the Lord) in the local vernacular. He was an early pioneer in Italian theatre, being one of the earliest scholars who dramatised Gospel subjects.
Mohammed Ibrahim Al Shaibani
Mohammed Ibrahim Al Shaibani (Arabic: محمد إبراهيم الشيباني) is an Emirati government official who is currently the director general of the Dubai Ruler's Court, a government entity within the Emirate of Dubai.

He is the board member & managing director of the Investment Corporation of Dubai and the vice chairman of the Supreme Fiscal Committee of Dubai. He is a member of the Executive Council of Dubai, an entity that oversees and supports government bodies in the emirate.

He is chairman of Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) and sits on the boards of several state owned UAE enterprises, such as Dubai World and Dubai Aerospace Enterprise (DAE).

Dubai Aerospace Enterprise
Dubai Aerospace Enterprise Ltd (DAE) (Arabic: دبي لصناعات الطيران) is an aviation services corporation with two divisions: DAE Capital and DAE Engineering. Headquartered in Dubai, DAE serves over 200 airline customers in over 85 countries from its eight office locations in Dubai, Dublin, Limerick, Amman, Singapore, Miami, New York, and Seattle.
Hooker with a Penis
"Hooker with a Penis" is a song by American rock band Tool. It was released on September 17, 1996, as the seventh track of their second studio album, Ænima (1996). The song is the shortest non-segue track on the album. It has been seen as one of the heaviest songs of the band's career.

During Lollapalooza 1997, a version of "Hooker with a Penis" remixed by Billy Howerdel in the form of lounge music was played over the public address system between sets. The band played at the festival in 1997.

Billy Howerdel
William L. Howerdel (born May 18, 1970) is an American musician, best known as a founding member, guitarist, backing vocalist, songwriter, and producer for the band A Perfect Circle, as well as for his former solo project, Ashes Divide. Howerdel has recorded six studio albums across his career: four with A Perfect Circle, one under the moniker Ashes Divide, and one under his own name.
Pulsed field magnet
A pulsed field magnet is a strong electromagnet which is powered by a brief pulse of electric current through its windings rather than a continuous current, producing a brief but strong pulse of magnetic field.  Pulsed field magnets are used in research in fields such as materials science to study the effect of strong magnetic fields, since they can produce stronger fields than continuous magnets.   The maximum field strength that continuously-powered high-field electromagnets can produce is limited by the enormous waste heat generated in the windings by the large currents required.  Therefore by applying brief pulses of current, with time between the pulses to allow the heat to dissipate, stronger currents can be used and thus stronger magnetic fields can be generated.   The magnetic field produced by pulsed field magnets can reach between 50 and 100 T, and lasts several tens of milliseconds.

Tesla (unit)
The tesla (symbol: T) is the unit of magnetic flux density (also called magnetic B-field strength) in the International System of Units (SI).

One tesla is equal to one weber per square metre. The unit was announced during the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 and is named in honour of Serbian-American electrical and mechanical engineer Nikola Tesla, upon the proposal of the Slovenian electrical engineer France Avčin.
Fernand Demets
Fernand Charles Gustave Demets (French: [dəmɛ]; 8 March 1884 – 29 September 1952) was a Belgian liberal politician, burgomaster, and defense minister. Demets was an industrialist and became a municipal council member (1911–1929) and burgomaster (1919–1927) in Anderlecht, then a Liberal senator (1929–1945) in the district of Brussels. Demets was co-president of the Liberal Party (1940–1945). He was minister of defense in 1944-1945 and afterwards became governor of the province of Brabant (1945–1951).

Burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, lit. 'master of the town/borough/fortress/citizens') is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch burgemeester.

In some cases, burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as mayor.
Fort Louis (Pondicherry)
11°55′54″N 79°49′59″E﻿ / ﻿11.9318°N 79.8331°E﻿ / 11.9318; 79.8331

Fort Louis or Fort Saint Louis was a French fort that stood in Pondicherry on the eastern coast of India. The fort was built around 1701 by François Martin and completed posthumously around 1706. A canal separated the native and European settlements. It was destroyed by the English in 1761. The centre of the fort was marked by a citadel that stood where the Bharati Park is currently located.

Pondicherry
Pondicherry, officially known as Puducherry, is the capital and most populous city of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of India and is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal to the east and the state of Tamil Nadu, with which it shares most of its culture, heritage, and language.
Henri Tousignant
Henri Tousignant (born 20 August 1937) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was an industrialist by career.

Born in Palmarolle, Tousignant represented the Quebec riding of Témiscamingue at which he was elected in 1979 and again in 1980. Tousignant served in the 31st and 32nd Canadian Parliaments before being defeated in the 1984 election by Gabriel Desjardins of the Progressive Conservative party.

Abitibi—Témiscamingue (electoral district)
Abitibi—Témiscamingue (French pronunciation: [abitibi temiskamɛ̃ɡ]) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. The area was also represented by the electoral district of Témiscamingue from 1968 until 2004.
Sankt-Ansgar-Schule
The Sankt-Ansgar-Schule (common abbreviation: SAS) is a private secondary school in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded in 1946 as the only boys' school by the Society of Jesus, an order of the Catholic Church, in the State of Hamburg. The school was named after Saint Ansgar who Christianized Northern Germany in the 9th century. The motto of the SAS is: bonitatem et disciplinam et scientiam doce me, domine which is engraved above the official main entrance. In 1978, it became a co-educational school. The Jesuits gave up running the school in 1993 themselves but the Sankt-Ansgar-Schule has remained a member of the association of Jesuit schools and still follows all of the order's rules for their educational institutions. Currently, the archbishopric of Hamburg formerly runs the school.

Archdiocese of Hamburg
The Archdiocese of  Hamburg (Lat. Archidioecesis Hamburgensis; Ger. Erzbistum Hamburg) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the north of Germany and covers the Federal States of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein as well as the Mecklenburgian part of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In terms of surface area it is the largest in Germany. It is characterized by its situation as a diocese in the Diaspora. Seat of the archbishop is the New St. Mary's Cathedral in Sankt Georg, Hamburg. On January 26, 2015 Stefan Heße, Generalvikar of the Archdiocese of Cologne, was appointed Archbishop of Hamburg.
Jingjiang rousi
Jingjiang rousi (simplified Chinese: 京酱肉丝; traditional Chinese: 京醬肉絲; pinyin: Jīngjiàng ròusī), or sauteed shredded pork in sweet bean sauce, is a traditional dish in Beijing. Its main ingredient is pork tenderloin, which is stir-fried with soya paste or sweet soya paste for flavour. The dish is served with shredded leek (only using its white stalk) and doupi (dried tofu layer) to wrap. A vegetarian variant uses fried tofu puffs in place of pork.

It may be prepared and consumed wrapped in doupi, or rarely with bing. Some versions are prepared using hoisin sauce.

Jing Jiang Rou Si may be placed in bing

Hoisin sauce
Hoisin sauce is a thick, fragrant sauce originating in China. It features in many Chinese cuisines, but is most prominent in Cantonese cuisine. It can be used as a glaze for meat, an addition to stir fry, or as dipping sauce. It is dark-coloured, sweet and salty. Although regional variants exist, hoisin sauce usually includes soybeans, fennel, red chili peppers, and garlic. Vinegar, five-spice powder, and sugar are also commonly added.
Realpolitik
Realpolitik (/reɪˈɑːlpɒlɪˌtiːk/ ray-AHL-po-lih-teek German: [ʁeˈaːlpoliˌtiːk] ⓘ) is the approach of conducting diplomatic or political policies based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than strictly following ideological, moral, or ethical premises. In this respect, it shares aspects of its philosophical approach with those of realism and pragmatism.

While generally used as a positive or neutral term, Realpolitik has been used pejoratively to imply policies that are perceived as being coercive, amoral, or Machiavellian. Prominent proponents of Realpolitik include Otto von Bismarck, Henry Kissinger, George H. W. Bush, George F. Kennan, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Deng Xiaoping, Charles de Gaulle, and Lee Kuan Yew. Realpolitik is often contrasted with Idealpolitik, which is guided by moral principles or ideals, and Gefühlspolitik, which is driven by and appeals to emotion or popular sentiment.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
Thorry Kiær
Thorvald "Thorry" Meyer Kiær (6 January 1888 – 29 June 1968) was a Norwegian industrialist.

He was born in Aker to barrister Georg Fredrik Egidius Kiær and Julie Caroline Helene Løvenskiold. He was a brother of Dakky Kiær, and great-grandson of Otto Joachim Løvenskiold and Thorvald Meyer. In 1914 he married Ingrid Thaulow, a daughter of painter Frits Thaulow. Their daughter Annelise Knudtzon (1914–2006) was a textile artist.

From 1913 Kiær had various administrative positions in the family business, which included forestry and wood-processing industry. From 1938 to 1958 he was chief executive of Orkla Mining Company at Løkken Verk.

Løkken Verk
Løkken Verk (or simply Løkken) is a village in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Svorkmo, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the village of Bjørnli, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the municipal center of Meldal.

The 1.64-square-kilometre (410-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,293 and a population density of 788 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,040/sq mi).
Daya Gamage
Daya Dharmapala Kilittuwa Gamage is a Sri Lankan politician and businessman. He is a member of parliament (MP) and former Minister of Primary Industries. And he also the national organizer for the United National Party (UNP). He elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka at the 2015 Parliamentary Election from Ampara District by obtaining 70,201 preferential votes.

Daya Gamage was elected to the Eastern Provincial Council following the 1st Eastern provincial council election held on 10 May 2008. He was re-elected at the 2nd Eastern Provincial Council election held on 8 September 2012. He served as leader of the opposition for part of the 1st Eastern Provincial Council.

Ampara District
Ampara District (Tamil: அம்பாறை மாவட்டம், romanized: Ampāṟai Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, romanized: Ampāra Distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second-level administrative divisions of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Ampara. The district was carved out of the southern part of Batticaloa District in April 1961.
Asahi-ku, Yokohama
Asahi-ku (旭) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward has an estimated population of 249,045 and a population density of 7,600 persons per km2. The total area is 32.77  km2.

Sagami Railway
The Sagami Railway Company, Ltd. (相模鉄道株式会社, Sagami tetsudō Kabushikigaisha), or Sōtetsu (相鉄), is a private railway company operating three lines in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of holding company Sōtetsu Holdings, Inc. Sōtetsu Holdings is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange; 6.58% of it is owned by the Odakyu Electric Railway Company.
2025 internet restrictions in Russia
Internet restrictions in Russia began in May 2025 and have become a regular occurrence. In June 2025, there were 655 internet shutdowns recorded in the country, and by July, this figure had risen to 2,099, exceeding the number of shutdowns worldwide for the entire year. Government agencies cited protection against drones controlled via mobile internet as the reason for the restrictions. As of July, problems were observed in all regions of the country, even those far from the borders and out of reach of drones.

Users reported only being able to access Russian resources, while any foreign platforms using CDN services such as Cloudflare and Amazon stopped loading. The phenomenon quickly gained popularity on runet and the government-friendly segment of offered services became a meme colloquially known as Cheburnet, portemanteaud from the Soviet cartoon character Cheburashka and "internet".

Access Now
Access Now is an international non-profit organization headquartered in New York City. It was founded in California in July 2009 and focuses on digital civil rights. The organization issues reports on global Internet censorship, and hosts the annual RightsCon human rights conference. It is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Its headquarters moved to New York at the beginning of 2022.
Uznach–Wattwil railway
The Uznach–Wattwil railway, also called the Rickenbahn (Ricken Railway) is a single-track standard-gauge line in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. It was opened on 1 October 1910 by the Swiss Federal Railways. It is 14.37 kilometres (8.93 mi) long, including 8.603 kilometres (5.346 mi) in the Ricken Tunnel. The relatively short track has only three railway stations.

Ricken Pass
The Ricken Pass is a mountain pass in the canton of St. Gallen in eastern Switzerland. At a maximum altitude of 790 metres (2,590 ft), it connects the Linth valley and the Toggenburg.

The pass is crossed by a road, which has a maximum gradient of 9%. The Ricken Tunnel, an 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) long rail tunnel, runs under the pass.
Medagama National School
Medagama National School (Sinhala: මැදගම ජාතික පාසල) is a mixed National school located in Bibila, Monaragala District, Sri Lanka. The school was founded by Don John da Lahe in 1898 and was previously known as Medagama Maha Vidyalaya. It began as a missionary school with students from the village.

National school (Sri Lanka)
A National school (Sinhala: ජාතික පාසල, Jathika Pasala, Tamil: தேசியப் பாடசாலை) in Sri Lanka is a school that is funded and administered by the Ministry of Education of the central government as opposed to Provincial schools run by the local provincial council. These schools provide secondary education (some including collegiate), with some providing primary education as well. The classification began in 1985, with 18 schools being designated as national schools. Today, there are 396 National  Schools in country constituting 3 percent of total National and Provincial Schools.
Mihailo Jokić
Mihailo Jokić (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Јокић; born 14 September 1948) is a Serbian educator and politician. He briefly served as Serbia's minister of education in a transitional government that was established after the fall of Slobodan Miloševic in 2000. Since 2016, he has served in the National Assembly of Serbia as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

Ministry of Education (Serbia)
The Ministry of Education (Serbian: Министарство просвете, romanized: Ministarstvo prosvete) is a ministry in the Government of Serbia that oversees the country's education system. Dejan Vuk Stanković is the incumbent minister.
Louisiade flowerpecker
The Louisiade flowerpecker (Dicaeum nitidum) is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae.
It is found on Tagula, Misima and Rossel islands.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

Rossel Island
Rossel Island (named after Élisabeth-Paul-Édouard de Rossel, a senior officer on the French expedition of d'Entrecasteaux, 1791–1793; also known as Yela) is the easternmost island of the Louisiade Archipelago, within the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. Tree Islet is situated 1.5 miles (1.3 nmi; 2.4 km) to the north-west, while Wule Island is situated 1.5 miles (1.3 nmi; 2.4 km) westward.
Drumlane
Drumlane (Irish: Droim Leathan, meaning 'Broad Ridge') is a townland near the village of Milltown in County Cavan, Ireland. The area of Drumlane is approximately 85.76 hectares (211.93 acres). Drumlane is also the name of the civil parish in which the townland is situated. Christianity was introduced to Drumlane in 555 by Saint Columba, and Saint Máedóc of Ferns, known locally as Saint Mogue, founded an early Drumlane monastery. Saint Mogue made the Connachta nobleman Faircheallaigh the first Abbot of Drumlane at the end of the sixth century, and his Ó Faircheallaigh descendants were historically the Abbots of Drumlane. The name Drumlane denotes the drumlin region of low hilly ribbed moraines formed over a limestone bedrock created by the movement of glacial ice and melt water during the last ice age. Several townlands in the neighbourhood are prefixed with the word 'Drum' (Droim), while several others are prefixed with the word 'Derry' (Doire), which is Irish for oak.

Drumlin
A drumlin, from the Irish word droimnín ("little ridge"), first recorded in 1833, in the classical sense is an elongated hill in the shape of an inverted spoon or half-buried egg formed by glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till or ground moraine. Assemblages of drumlins are referred to as fields or swarms; they can create a landscape which is often described as having a 'basket of eggs topography'.
CB10
CB10 might refer to:

CB postcode area, in the United Kingdom

Bronx Community Board 10, in New York City

Brooklyn Community Board 10, in New York City

Manhattan Community Board 10, in New York City

Queens Community Board 10, in New York City

Bronx Community Board 10
Bronx Community Board 10 is a local government unit of the New York City borough of the Bronx, encompassing the neighborhoods of City Island, Co-op City, Pelham Bay, Throggs Neck and Westchester Square. It is delimited by the Hutchinson River and Pelham Bay Park to the east, New England Thruway, Hutchinson River Parkway, and Westchester Creek to the west, the Bronx/Westchester County Line to the north and the East River to the south.