hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medieval fortification
Medieval fortification refers to military methods that cover the development of fortification construction and use in Europe, during the period roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire until the Renaissance. During this millennium, fortifications changed warfare and in turn were modified to suit new tactics, weapons, and siege techniques.

Trebuchet
A trebuchet (French: trébuchet) is a type of catapult that uses a hinged arm with a sling attached to the tip to launch a projectile. It was a common powerful siege engine until the advent of gunpowder. The design of a trebuchet allows it to launch projectiles of greater weights and further distances than a traditional catapult.

There are two main types of trebuchet. The first is the traction trebuchet, or mangonel, which uses manpower to swing the arm. It first appeared in China by the 4th century BC. It spread westward, possibly via the Avars, and was adopted by the Byzantines, Persians, Arabs, and other neighboring peoples by the sixth to seventh centuries AD.

The later, and often larger and more powerful, counterweight trebuchet, also known as the counterpoise trebuchet, uses a counterweight to swing the arm. It appeared in both Christian and Muslim lands around the Mediterranean in the 12th century, and was carried back to China by the Mongols in the 13th century.
Low-flying aircraft
Low-flying aircraft may mean:

Low flying military training

Nap-of-the-earth, a low-altitude flight used by military aircraft to avoid enemy detection and attack

Aircraft flying near an airport:
Takeoff
Landing

Aircraft flying below the allowed minimum height for the type within an aviation authority's jurisdiction, such as

Hang-gliders
Microlights
Drone (aircraft)
Balloon (aeronautics)
Search and rescue aircraft

Nap-of-the-earth
Nap-of-the-earth (NOE) is a type of very low-altitude flight course used by military aircraft to avoid enemy detection and attack in a high-threat environment. Other, mostly older terms include "contour flying", "ground-hugging", "terrain masking", "flying under the radar" and "hedgehopping".

During NOE flight, geographical features are used as cover, exploiting valleys and folds in the terrain by flying in, rather than over, them. This keeps the aircraft below enemy air defence radar coverage, avoiding being silhouetted against the sky.
Danish Ladies Masters
The Danish Ladies Masters, known for sponsorship reason as the Nykredit Masters, was a women's professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour that took place in Denmark.

The tournament was first played in 2005 and the final edition was held in 2008.

In 2007, Lisa Hall won over Kirsty Taylor and Kiran Matharu on the first playoff hole for her third-career victory on the Ladies European Tour.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Ida Valeton
Ida Valeton (born Meggendorfer, 26 May 1922 – 4 April 2016) was a German scientist. She was head of the sediment petrographic lab at the geological and paleontological institute of the University of Hamburg. Additionally, she was visiting professor at several sites.

Her scientific focus was on sediment and bauxite research.

Bauxite
Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe2O3), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and small amounts of anatase (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeTiO3 or FeO·TiO2).
Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, the origin of the name.
Isten, hazánkért térdelünk
Isten, hazánkért térdelünk (God, for our country we kneel) is a Hungarian anthem to Hungarian saints. The words were written by Mihály Mentes, a priest, teacher and poet from Győr and Mentes's words set to music by György Náray, a priest from Esztergom.

Győr
Győr (US: /djɜːr, dʒɜːr/ DYUR, JUR, Hungarian: [ɟøːr] ⓘ; German: Raab; names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia region, and – halfway between Budapest and Vienna – situated on one of the important roads of Central Europe. It is the sixth largest city in Hungary, and one of its seven main regional centres. The city has county rights.
Tsuneo Shibahara
Tsuneo Shibahara (柴原 恒雄, Shibahara Tsuneo, born 1 January 1917, date of death unknown) was a Japanese diver who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he finished fourth in the 3 metre springboard event and sixth in the 10 metre platform competition. Shibahara is deceased.

Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform
The men's 10 metre platform, also referred to as high diving, was one of four diving events in the diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics programme. For the first time, all dives were made exclusively from the 10 metre platform.

The competition was split into two sets of dives on separate days:

Compulsory dives (Friday, 14 August)
Divers performed four pre-chosen dives – a standing straight header forward, running straight header forward, standing straight somersault backward, and standing straight isander-half gainer.

Facultative dives (Saturday, 15 August)
Divers performed four dives of their choice (from different categories and different from the compulsory).

Twenty-six divers from 15 nations competed.
Postpositivism
Postpositivism or postempiricism is a metatheoretical stance that critiques and amends positivism and has impacted theories and practices across philosophy, social sciences, and various models of scientific inquiry. While positivists emphasize independence between the researcher and the researched person (or object), postpositivists argue that theories, hypotheses, background knowledge and values of the researcher can influence what is observed. Postpositivists pursue objectivity by recognizing the possible effects of biases. While positivists emphasize quantitative methods, postpositivists consider both quantitative and qualitative methods to be valid approaches.

Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)
Nancy Cartwright, Lady Hampshire FBA, FAcSS (born 24 June 1944) is an American philosopher of science. She is a professor of philosophy at the University of California at San Diego and the University of Durham. Currently, she is the past president of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology (DLMPST) of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology under the International Science Council (ISC).
Aristov
Aristov, feminine: Aristova may be either a Russian surname originated in clergy, derived from the Greek word Hebrew: ἄριστος, 'the best'  or a patronymic surname derived from the given name Arist (Aristos), of the same Greek origin. Notable people with this surname include:

Averky Aristov (1903–1973), Soviet politician and diplomat

Boris Aristov (1923–2018), Soviet politician and diplomat

Nikolai Aristov (1847–1910), Russian turkologist

Viktor Aristov (director) (1943–1994),  Soviet film director and screenwriter

Viktor Aristov (footballer) (1938–2023), Ukrainian football manager

Yuriy Aristov (politician), (born 1975), Ukrainian politician

Yury Aristov (born 1973), Uzbekistani hurdler

Nikolai Aristov
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Aristov  (Russian Николай Александрович Аристов,1847 – c. 1903) was a Türkologist by calling, who utilized his experience, education, and access to official information he had as a fairly high-level official in the Turkestan czarist administration, to accumulate and analyze the ethnographic and ethnic history of the Central Asian peoples.
Anyako
Anyako is a town in the Volta Region of Ghana. It is bordered at the south by the Keta Lagoon.  The inhabitants of the town mainly belong to the Ewe tribe. Tracing its establishment to a settlement founded by the Anlos during the migration from Notsie in present-day Togo. The town is the birthplace of Ghanaian-American artist El Anatsui. The town has had little to no growth over the past thirty years due to sea erosion which affected commercial activities.

Ewe people
The Ewe people (/ˈeɪ.weɪ/; Ewe: Eʋeawó, lit. 'Ewe people'; or Ewe: Mono Kple Amu (Volta) Tɔ́sisiwo Dome, lit. 'Between the Rivers Mono and Volta'; Ewe: Eʋenyígbá, lit. 'Eweland') are a Gbe-speaking ethnic group. The largest population of Ewe people is in Ghana (6.0 million), and the second largest population is in Togo (3.1 million). They speak the Ewe language (Ewe: Eʋegbe) which belongs to the Gbe family of languages. They are related to other speakers of Gbe languages such as the Fon, Gen, Phla/Phera, Ogu/Gun, Maxi (Mahi), and the Aja people of Togo and Benin.
Brno death march
The Brno death march (German: Brünner Todesmarsch) began late on the night of 30 May 1945 when the ethnic German minority in Brno (German: Brünn [bʁʏn] ⓘ) was forcibly deported to nearby Austria following the capture of the city by the Allies during World War II. Only about half of the expellees actually crossed the border. Thousands of people were held in the provisional camps in the border area. While some Germans were later allowed to return to Brno, hundreds of others fell victim to diseases, rape, torture, and malnutrition in the following weeks. The number of fatalities caused by the march and imprisonment is disputed, as it became part of propaganda. It is estimated that between 1,700 and 2,000 people died as a consequence of the march. More recent studies during the 1990s have indicated that over 5,000 people died.

Mikulov
Mikulov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɪkulof]; German: Nikolsburg) is a town in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,600 inhabitants. From the 16th to the 19th century, it was the cultural centre of the Jewish community of Moravia. The historic centre of Mikulov is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Alabama Department of Environmental Management
The Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) is a state government agency charged with the enforcement of environmental policy in the U.S. state of Alabama.  It is authorized to adopt and  enforce rules and regulations consistent with the statutory authority granted to the Alabama Environmental Management Commission and ADEM by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  It was created in 1982 with the passage of the Alabama Environmental  Management Act by the Alabama Legislature.  The act consolidated the various commissions, agencies, and programs that had been responsible for implementing environmental law into the Alabama Environmental Management Commission and ADEM.  In past years, the agency has been repeatedly accused of not enforcing environmental regulations.

Environmental policy
Environmental policy is the pledge by governments or organizations to adopt laws, regulations, and other policy tools aimed at addressing environmental issues. These typically involve air and water pollution, waste management, ecosystem protection, biodiversity conservation, management of natural resources, and safeguarding wildlife and endangered species
For example, concerning environmental policy, the implementation of an eco-energy-oriented policy at a global level to address the issue of climate change could be addressed.

Policies concerning energy or regulation of toxic substances including pesticides and many types of industrial waste are part of the topic of environmental policy. This policy can be deliberately taken to influence human activities and thereby prevent undesirable effects on the biophysical environment and natural resources, as well as to make sure that changes in the environment do not have unacceptable effects on humans.
Are You Dave Gorman?
Are You Dave Gorman? is the title of a stage show by the British documentary comedian Dave Gorman and the book of the same name, co-written by Gorman and Danny Wallace. The BBC television series The Dave Gorman Collection—Gorman's first television show—was based on the show. The original show was created for the 2000 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. It was nominated for a Perrier award. An extended version of the show was taken to the West End, then to the Melbourne International Comedy Festival (where it was nominated for a Barry Award), the HBO US Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen, Colorado (where it won the Jury Award for Best One Person Show) and finally to New York where it ran for more than three months and was named Best Comedy Show of 2001 by Time Out New York.

Edinburgh Comedy Awards
The Edinburgh Comedy Awards (formerly the Perrier Comedy Awards, and also briefly known by other names for sponsorship reasons) are presented to the comedy shows deemed to have been the best at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Scotland. Established in 1981, they are the most prestigious comedy prize in the United Kingdom. The awards have been directed and produced by Nica Burns since 1984.
Benjamin Dale
Benjamin James Dale (17 July 1885 – 30 July 1943) was an English composer and academic who had a long association with the Royal Academy of Music. Dale showed compositional talent from an early age and went on to write a small but notable corpus of works. His best-known composition is probably the large-scale Piano Sonata in D minor he started while still a student at the Royal Academy of Music, which communicates in a potent late romantic style. Christopher Foreman has proposed a comprehensive reassessment of Benjamin Dale's music. Dale married one of his students, the pianist and composer Kathleen Richards in 1921.

Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic, and literary movement that became prominent in Western culture from about 1798 until 1837.

Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art, and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry, super-natural elements, or the fine arts. It included features such as increased chromaticism and moved away from traditional forms.
Ralph C. Wood
Ralph C. Wood is a scholar of theology and English literature, with a special interest in Christian writers, mainly of fiction, including J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, G. K. Chesterton, Gerard Manley Hopkins, George Herbert, and Dorothy Sayers.

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company is a religious publishing house based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Founded in 1911 by Dutch American William B. Eerdmans  and still independently owned with William's daughter-in-law Anita Eerdmans as president, Eerdmans has long been known for publishing a wide range of Christian and religious books, from academic works in Christian theology, biblical studies, religious history, and reference to popular titles in spirituality, social and cultural criticism, and literature.
1900 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1900 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1900 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Led by Z. N. Estes in his first and only season as head coach, the team lost all three of its contests and played no home games.

1900 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1900 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1900 college football season. The season  began on September 29.

The season saw the rise of Clemson's football program, the return of Alabama football, and the first season of play for Henry D. Phillips.
Eloy Room
Eloy Victor Room (born 6 February 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for USL Championship club Miami FC. Born in the Netherlands, he plays for the Curaçao national team. He is Curaçao's joint most capped player along with Leandro Bacuna.

KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.
Nancy Edberg
Nancy Fredrika Augusta Edberg (12 November 1832 – 11 December 1892 in Stockholm) was a Swedish swimmer, swimming instructor and bath house manager director, the first Swedish woman to work in these fields. Edberg was a pioneer in making the art of swimming and ice skating acceptable as activities for women in Sweden.

Public bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria.

In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included hot-air bathing facilities such as hammams, Victorian Turkish baths, and saunas. Some have also provided complementary services such as shampooing, massages, and other relaxation therapies, often also found in contemporary day spas.

As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally.
U Sports men's soccer
U Sports men's soccer is the highest level of amateur play of association football in Canada and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. As of the 2024 season, 48 teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. After interconference playoffs have been played, eight teams compete for the Sam Davidson Memorial Trophy, awarded to the U Sports men's soccer championship team.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
G Diaries
G Diaries is a Philippine television travel documentary show broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Originally hosted by Gina Lopez, it aired as a special programming from June 10 to September 2, 2017 and was replaced by Dok Ricky, Pedia. The show returned as a special programming from February 11 to December 15, 2018 and later as a regular programming from March 10, 2019 to June 30, 2024. Ernie Lopez and Michelle Lopez served as the final hosts. It features destinations throughout the Philippines for an effort to support ecotourism.

The program stopped broadcasting on ABS-CBN after the network ceased its free-to-air broadcast operations as ordered by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) and Solicitor General Jose Calida.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
USS McKee (AS-41)
USS McKee (AS-41), named after Andrew McKee, was the third Emory S. Land-class submarine tender built by the Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company of Seattle, Washington for the United States Navy.

The USS McKee was a mobile support and repair facility with the capability of providing simultaneous repairs to 12 nuclear-powered & diesel, fast-attack submarines. A versatile and complex ship, she provided everything a submarine might need: full medical and dental facilities; cranes, elevators and conveyors to move material on and off the ship as well as between decks; large storage areas for refrigerated and dry food; nuclear system repair and testing; electrical and electronics repair; hull repair; sheet metal and steel work; pipe fabrication; foundry work; woodworking; printing; underwater diving and rescue; hazardous material management; and propulsion and weapons systems repair.

USS McKee was one of the first warships in the U.S. Navy to integrate female sailors.

Southwest Asia Service Medal
The Southwest Asia Service Medal (SASM or SWASM) was a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was created by order of President George H. W. Bush on March 12, 1991. The award is intended to recognize those military service members who performed duty as part of the Persian Gulf War and for a time thereafter. The medal was designed by Nadine Russell of the Army's Institute of Heraldry. The colors of the ribbon are tan, representing sand, with the black, white, red, blue, and green colors symbolizing the colors of coalition countries' national flags.