hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Richard Shaw
Edward Richard Shaw (1855–1903) was a Professor and Dean, New York University, and author of numerous books, primarily children's schoolbooks.

Shaw was born in 1855 at Bellport, New York (part of Long Island). His undergraduate work was at Lafayette College, and he received his Ph.D. from New York University. After serving as Principal at Sayville, New York; Greenport, Suffolk County, New York; and Yonkers (NY) High School, he became Professor of Pedagogy in the New York University. By the time of his death, he was Dean.

Some of Shaw's output consisted of famous works edited for use by schoolchildren; examples include Black Beauty and Joshua Slocum's Sailing alone around the world.

Bellport, New York
Bellport is a village in the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 2,084 at the 2010 census.

The Incorporated Village of Bellport is named after the Bell family, early settlers of the area. South Country Road (Main St.) in the village features small businesses such as antique shops, artist galleries, small inns, restaurants, and a service center. These family-run businesses get community support from the Bellport Chamber of Commerce. Bellport is also home to the Gateway Playhouse, a professional summer theater in operation since 1950.
Italy–Peru relations
Italy–Peru relations (Italian: Relazioni Italia e Perù; Spanish: Relaciones Italia y Perú) are foreign relations and diplomatic ties between the Italian Republic and the Republic of Peru based on the Italian emigration previous centuries since the founding of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The largest Italian communities and their descendants are in Lima, Arequipa and Tacna. Both countries are members of the Latin Union, World Trade Organization and the United Nations.

Latin Union
The Latin Union is an international organization of nations that use Romance languages, whose activities have been suspended since 2012. Headquartered in Paris, France, it aims to protect, project, and promote the common cultural heritage of Latin peoples and unifying identities of the Romance, and Romance-influenced, world. It was created in 1954 in Madrid, Spain. It started to operate in 1983 and its membership rose from 12 to 36 states, including countries in North America, South America, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.

Due to financial difficulties, the Latin Union announced on 26 January 2012 the suspension of its activities, the dissolution of its Secretariat General (effective 31 July 2012), and the termination of employment for all the organization's personnel.
Mount Aino
Mount Aino (間ノ岳, Aino-dake), or Ainodake, is a peak of the Akaishi Mountains−Southern Alps, in Minami Alps National Park, Japan. At 3,190 m (10,466 ft), it is the third tallest peak in Japan and the second highest in the Akaishi Mountains.

Its summit lies on the border of Aoi-ku and Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, and of Minami-Alps in Yamanashi Prefecture. Mount Aino is one of the landmark 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.

Aoi-ku, Shizuoka
Aoi-ku (葵区, Aoi-ku) is one of three wards of the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, located in the northern part of the city. Aoi-ku borders Suruga-ku in the south and Shimizu-ku to the southeast; the west faces Shimada, Fujieda and Kawanehon and its northern tip extends into the border between Nagano Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture.  It is the largest ward in Japan in terms of geographic area.

Aoi-ku was created on April 1, 2003, when Shizuoka became a city designated by government ordinance (a "designated city"). It consists of the area of Shizuoka prior to its merger with Shimizu, north of the Tōkaidō Main Line rail tracks.

The ward is home to both the Shizuoka city offices as well as the Shizuoka prefectural offices.
LaDarius Perkins
LaDarius Robert Perkins (born September 18, 1990) is an American former professional football running back. He played college football for Mississippi State University, and signed with the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2014. Perkins was also a member of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Indianapolis Colts, as well as the Fall Experimental Football League's Omaha Mammoths and Brooklyn Bolts, the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos, and the Alliance of American Football's Birmingham Iron.

Brooklyn Bolts
The Brooklyn Bolts were a professional American football team based in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. They were a charter member of the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL), which was trying to become the developmental league for the National Football League. They played their home games at MCU Park.
Slovenia men's national under-18 ice hockey team
The Slovenia men's national under-18 ice hockey team is the men's national under-18 ice hockey team of Slovenia. The team is controlled by the Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia, which is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The team represents Slovenia at the IIHF World U18 Championships.

IIHF World U18 Championship
The IIHF U18 World Championship is an annual event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation for national under-18 ice hockey teams from around the world. The tournament is usually played in April and is organized according to a system similar to the Ice Hockey World Championships and the IIHF World Junior Championship. The tournament was first held in 1999.
1806 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1806.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
1908 United States presidential election in Alabama
The 1908 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 3, 1908. All contemporary 46 states were part of the 1908 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose eleven electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Alabama was won by the Democratic nominees, former Representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska and his running mate John W. Kern of Indiana. They defeated the Republican candidates, United States Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio and his running mate James S. Sherman of New York. Bryan won the state by a margin of 46.7%.

With 70.88% of the popular vote, Alabama would prove to be Bryan's fifth strongest state in the 1908 presidential election after South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.

Bryan had previously defeated William McKinley in Alabama in both 1896 and 1900.

James S. Sherman
James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 – October 30, 1912) was the 27th vice president of the United States, serving from 1909 until his death in 1912, under President William Howard Taft. A member of the Republican Party, Sherman was previously a United States representative from New York from 1887 to 1891 and 1893 to 1909. He was a member of the interrelated Baldwin, Hoar, and Sherman families, prominent lawyers and politicians of New England and New York.

Although not a high-powered administrator, he made a natural congressional committee chairman, and his genial personality eased the workings of the House, so that he was known as 'Sunny Jim'. He was the first vice president to fly in an airplane (1911), and also the first to throw out the ceremonial first pitch at a baseball game. Sherman was the seventh and most recent vice president to have died in office.
Deaths in October 1994
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 1994.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics
The Football tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics was won by Hungary.

The games signalled the arrival (to Western Europeans at least) of the Hungarian national football team – the "Magical Magyars". Ferenc Puskás later said of the 1952 competition: "It was during the Olympics that our football first started to flow with real power." It was during the Games that Stanley Rous of English Football Association invited the Hungarians to play a friendly at Wembley the following year.
Alexander Rinnooy Kan
Alexander Hendrik George Rinnooy Kan (born 5 October 1949) is a Dutch politician, businessman and mathematician who served as Chairman of the Social and Economic Council from 2006 to 2012. A member of the Democrats 66 (D66) party, he was a member of the Senate from 2015 to 2019 and is a distinguished professor of Economics and Business Studies at the University of Amsterdam since 1 September 2012. He has also been president of the supervisory board of EYE Film Institute Netherlands since 2008 and of Museum Boerhaave since 2018.

Museum Boerhaave
Rijksmuseum Boerhaave is a museum of the history of science and medicine, based in Leiden, Netherlands. The museum hosts a collection of historical scientific instruments from all disciplines, but mainly from medicine, physics, and astronomy.

The museum is located in a building that was originally a convent in central Leiden. It includes a reconstructed traditional anatomical theatre. It also has many galleries that include the apparatus with which Heike Kamerlingh Onnes first liquefied helium (in Leiden), the electromagnet equipment used by Wander Johannes de Haas (a Leiden physicist) for his low-temperature research, and an example of the Leiden jar, among many other objects in the extensive collection.

The museum is named after Herman Boerhaave, a Dutch physician and botanist who was famous in Europe for his teaching at Leiden and lived to a great age, receiving brilliant students from all over Europe, including Peter the Great, Voltaire and Linnaeus.
2019 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's overall
The men's overall in the 2019 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup involved 38 events in 5 disciplines: downhill (DH), Super-G (SG), giant slalom (GS), slalom (SL), and Alpine combined (AC). Marcel Hirscher of Austria won the overall title for the eighth consecutive time, setting the all-time record, as no one prior had ever won more than six total. After the season, Hirscher retired.

The season was interrupted by the 2019 World Ski Championships, which were held from 4–17 February in Åre, Sweden.

Marcel Hirscher
Marcel Hirscher (born 2 March 1989) is an Austrian-Dutch World Cup alpine ski racer. Hirscher made his World Cup debut in March 2007. He competed primarily in slalom and giant slalom, as well as combined and occasionally in super G. Winner of a record eight consecutive World Cup titles, Hirscher has also won 11 medals at the Alpine Skiing World Championships, seven of them gold, a silver medal in slalom at the 2014 Winter Olympics, and two gold medals in the combined and giant slalom at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Due to his record number of overall titles and many years of extreme dominance of both slalom and giant slalom, he is considered by many, including his former rivals Henrik Kristoffersen, Kjetil Jansrud and Alexis Pinturault, to be  the best alpine skier in history. He won a total of 67 World Cup races, ranking second on the male all-time list.
Madhukiri
Madhukiri (Odia: ମଧୁକିରୀ, romanized: madhukirī, alternatively spelled madhukeri) is a rāga belonging to the tradition of Odissi music. Falling under the meḷa Sri, the raga uses komala nisada and is traditionally associated with the karuṇa rasa. The raga is mentioned in treatises such as the Gita Prakasa and Sangita Narayana.

Gita Prakasa
The Gitaprakasa (IAST: 'Gītaprakāśa'; "Illuminator of music") is a 16th-century musical treatise belonging to the tradition of Odissi music, written by the musicologist Krusnadasa Badajena Mahapatra. Mahapatra was a court musician of Gajapati Mukundadeba. It is the second earliest music treatise discovered from Odisha. The Gita Prakasa is one of the cornerstones of the Odissi music tradition and is widely quoted by later authorities such as the Sangita Narayana and the Sangita Muktabali.

The treatise was first published by the Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi in 1983, based on two palm leaf manuscripts preserved in the Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar. Both manuscripts were collected from Puri district, Odisha and were roughly dated to the 18th century.
High-temperature gas-cooled reactor
A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is a type of gas-cooled nuclear reactor which uses uranium fuel and graphite moderation to produce very high reactor core output temperatures. All existing HTGR reactors use helium coolant. The reactor core can be either a "prismatic block" (reminiscent of a conventional reactor core) or a "pebble-bed" core. China Huaneng Group currently operates HTR-PM, a 250 MW HTGR power plant with two pebble-bed HTGRs, in Shandong province, China.

The high operating temperatures of HTGR reactors potentially enable applications such as process heat or hydrogen production via the thermochemical sulfur–iodine cycle.  A proposed development of the HTGR is the Generation IV very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR) which would initially work with temperatures of 750 to 950 °C.

Nuclear reactor core
A nuclear reactor core is the portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel components where the nuclear reactions take place and the heat is generated.  Typically, the fuel will be low-enriched uranium contained in thousands of individual fuel pins.  The core also contains structural components, the means to both moderate the neutrons and control the reaction, and the means to transfer the heat from the fuel to where it is required, outside the core.
Sovereign Mountain
Sovereign Mountain is a summit in the Talkeetna Mountains in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough of Alaska, United States. The prominence is 5,899-foot (1,798 m) ranking it 70th on the List of the most prominent summits of the United States.

With an elevation of 8,849-foot (2,697 m) it is the highest peak in the Talkeetna Mountains.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
New Mexico State Road 25
State Road 25 (NM 25) was a state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 25's southern terminus was at U.S. Route 180 (US 180) in Silver City, and the northern terminus was at NM 61 north of Mimbres. It was established in the late-1930s as NM 187 then changed to NM 25 in the 1940s. Then it was renumbered in 1968 as NM 15 and NM 35 to avoid a number conflict with Interstate 25 (I-25).

New Mexico State Road 187
State Road 187 (NM 187) is a state highway in the US state of New Mexico. Its total length is approximately 36.253 miles (58.344 km). NM 187's southern terminus is in Hatch, at NM 26 and NM 187's northern terminus is at I 25 Bus. Loop 11 in Williamsburg.
Ashgrove Loch
Ashgrove Loch, also known as Stevenston Loch, is a mesotrophic lochan (small loch) in North Ayrshire, Scotland, approximately 2 km northeast of the town of Stevenston.

Due to artificial drains, known as cunnels, approximately 90% of the lochan's surface is covered by floating vegetation and is classed as a fen. The lochan sustains rich plant life, including two rare species, Lysimachia thyrsiflora and Cicuta virosa.

Many bird species also use the lochan, including the grasshopper and sedge warblers.

Ashgrove Loch sits on a bed of Carboniferous limestone and thus has a high mineral content.

The lochan's primary outflow, Loch Canal, is an artificial burn regulated by a sluice at Lochend, having previously powered a watermill there.

Burn (landform)
In local usage, a burn is a kind of watercourse. The term applies to a large stream or a small river. The word is used in Scotland and England (especially North East England) and in parts of Ulster, Kansas, Australia and New Zealand.
Opisthocosmia
Opisthocosmia is a genus of earwigs, typical of the subfamily Opisthocosmiinae, erected by Heinrich Wolfgang Ludwig Dohrn in 1907.  Records of occurrence (probably incomplete) include Malesia and South America.

Heinrich Wolfgang Ludwig Dohrn
Heinrich Wolfgang Ludwig Dohrn (16 June 1838, Braunschweig – 1 October 1913, Florence) was a German zoologist, entomologist (with interests mainly in the Orthoptera and Lepidoptera), and malacologist. He was a liberal member of the German parliament between 1874 and 1907.
Toshifumi Takeshima
Toshifumi Takeshima (竹島 知郁, Takeshima Toshifumi; born October 28, 1986) is a Japanese television announcer for the Akita Television in Akita and the play-by-play broadcaster for the Akita Northern Happinets of the B.League in Japan.
Born in Akita, Takeshima graduated from Toin Gakuen High School in Yokohama and earned his academic degree in communications from Meiji University. 
He likes kendo (third-dan grade) and rakugo.

Meiji University
Meiji University (明治大学, Meiji Daigaku) is a private research university in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Originally founded as Meiji Law School (明治法律学校, Meiji Hōritsu Gakkō) by three lawyers in 1881, it became a university in April 1920.

As of May 2023, Meiji has 32,261 undergraduate students and 2,635 postgraduate students. The university consists of 10 undergraduate, 12 graduate, and 4 professional graduate schools, and operates on four campuses around the Greater Tokyo Area: Surugadai, Izumi, Ikuta, and Nakano. Meiji University is the country's most applied-to university, with applications to its undergraduate degrees amounting to approximately 100,000 annually. Meiji is a part of the Top Global University Project of Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. As of 2021, 270 Meiji alumni have competed in the Olympics, garnering 40 medals: 14 gold, 13 silver, and 13 bronze.
Louis-Simon le Poupet de la Boularderie
Louis-Simon le Poupet de la Boularderie (c. 1674 – 6 June 1738) was a French-born naval officer who was important in Canadian history for various roles he took on in the New World.

Louis-Simon's family came to Canada and he entered the regular colonial troops in 1693. He served as an ensign and, subsequently, as a lieutenant to Governor Pastour de Costebelle at Plaisance, Newfoundland. He was involved in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign in 1696–97 under the command of Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville.

Boularderie is most often remembered for his colonization and development efforts, most particularly at his concession along La Petite Brador.

Boularderie was designated a Canadian National Historic Person by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada in October 1964.

Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador
Placentia is a town located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It consists of the amalgamated communities of Placentia ("Townside"), Southeast Placentia, Freshwater, Dunville and Jerseyside and also includes the Argentia Industrial Park.
Guéyo
Guéyo is a town in south-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Guéyo Department in Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District. Guéyo is also a commune.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Guéyo was 39,213.

Nawa Region
Nawa Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Bas-Sassandra District. The seat of the region is Soubré and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,165,472, making it the second-most populous region in Ivory Coast.

Nawa is currently divided into four departments: Buyo, Guéyo, Méagui, and Soubré.
Cranham East (ward)
Cranham East was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Havering from 1978 to 2002. The ward was first used in the 1978 elections and last used at the 1998 elections. It returned two councillors to Havering London Borough Council.

1978 London local elections
Local government elections took place in London, and some other parts of the United Kingdom on Thursday 4 May 1978. Ward changes took place in every borough (except Enfield) which increased the total number of councillors by 41 from 1,867 to 1,908.

All London borough council seats were up for election.  The previous Borough elections in London were in 1974.
Doris of Locri
Doris (Ancient Greek: Δωρίς) of Epizephyrian Locris was the daughter of the rich Locrian, Xenetus, and became wife of the Sicilian tyrant Dionysius I of Syracuse in about 406 BC, and mother of Dionysius II of Syracuse.

She died before her husband, who seems to have lamented her in one of his tragedies.

Epizephyrian Locris
38°12′39″N 16°14′25″E﻿ / ﻿38.21083°N 16.24028°E﻿ / 38.21083; 16.24028

Epizephyrian Locris (Ancient Greek: Λοκροὶ Ἐπιζεφύριοι, romanized: Lokroì Epizephúrioi, lit. 'Western Locrians'), also known as Locri Epizephyrii or simply Locri, was an ancient Greek city in Southern Italy, located in Calabria on the Ionian Sea. The city was established as a Greek colony at the beginning of the 7th century BC by settlers from Locris in central Greece. The modern town of Locri derives its name from this ancient settlement.

The city was a center of Magna Graecia during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. Locri was home to athletes who achieved distinction in the Panhellenic Games.

Ancient authors who referred to Locri include Strabo, Pausanias, Eusebius of Caesarea, Plutarch, Polybius, and Diodorus Siculus. Additional references to the city were identified in documents discovered at Olympia, Greece in 2018.
Petronella Tshuma
Petronella Tshuma (born 13 January 1990) is a South African actress. She won Most Promising Actor at the 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards. She also received a Golden horn best actress in a leading role nomination for her role in Of Good Report.

She has featured in several South-African television series including Scandal, Hustle, Mzansi Love, Sokhulu & Partners and 90 Plein Street. She currently plays the character of Pearl Genaro on etv's Rhythm City.

10th Africa Movie Academy Awards
The 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards ceremony honouring movies of 2013 was scheduled to take place in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State on 26 April 2014, but was shifted to 24 May 2014. The nomination party was held at Emperor Palace, Johannesburg, South Africa on 2 April 2014.