hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astronomy Tower of the Sorbonne
The Astronomy Tower of the Sorbonne is a tower at the Sorbonne University's Paris campus built to house an astronomical observatory for its students. The structure was erected during the reconstruction of the Sorbonne, between 1885 and 1901. The tower is 39 meters high, has an upper and lower dome, and includes several rooms. The upper dome houses the telescope, and the lower dome contains an optics workshop for amateurs to make mirrors (previously, a meridian circle was installed in that space). The tower is operated by the Société astronomique de France and is available for tours and amateur observations.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Naoko Iijima
Naoko Iijima (飯島直子, Iijima Naoko) is a Japanese television and film actress and a former gravure idol who was born on February 29, 1968, in Kōhoku-ku, a ward of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

Mainichi Shimbun
The Mainichi Shimbun (毎日新聞, Mainichi Shinbun; Japanese pronunciation: [mai.ɲi.tɕi̥ ɕiꜜm.bɯɴ], lit. 'Daily Newspaper') is one of the major newspapers in Japan, published by The Mainichi Newspapers Co.

In addition to the Mainichi Shimbun, which is printed twice a day in several local editions, Mainichi also operates an English-language news website called The Mainichi (毎日; [mai.ɲi.tɕi], previously Mainichi Daily News, abbreviated MDN), and publishes a bilingual news magazine, Mainichi Weekly. It also publishes paperbacks, books and other magazines, including a weekly news magazine, Sunday Mainichi.

It is one of the four national newspapers in Japan; the other three are The Asahi Shimbun, the Yomiuri Shimbun and the Nihon Keizai Shimbun. The Sankei Shimbun and the Chunichi Shimbun are not currently in the position of a national newspaper despite a large circulation for both.
León Pacheco Solano
León Pacheco Solano (May 9, 1898, in Tres Ríos, Cartago – July 26, 1980, in San José) was a Costa Rican writer and journalist who belonged to the so-called "Generación de los 40."  He was a recipient of the Magón National Prize for Culture in 1972.

Magón National Prize for Culture
The Magón National Prize for Culture (Premio Nacional de Cultura Magón) is an award given by the government of Costa Rica, through its Ministry of Youth, Culture, and Sport, to a Costa Rican citizen in recognition of their life's work in the cultural field. It was created in 1961 by Law  2901 and amended in 1993 by Law 7345.

The prize's name is in homage to writer Manuel González Zeledón (1864–1936), who wrote under the nom-de-plume "Magón". It has been awarded annually since 1962.
Mati a Zazzau
Mati a Zazzau ("Hausa" meaning "Death" in Zazzau) is a 2020 thriller drama from the Kannywood film industry written by Yakubo M. Kumo and directed by Yaseen Auwal. The film tells the story of greed, deceit and blackmail in the quest for wealth. The movie debut as the first Kannywood film on streaming platform Netflix.

Zaria
Zaria Listenⓘ (formerly Zazzau) is a metropolitan city in Nigeria, located within four local government areas in Kaduna State. It serves as the capital of the Zazzau Emirate Council and is one of the original seven Hausa city-states. The local government areas comprising Zaria are Zaria, Sabon Gari, Giwa, and Soba local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

It contains Nigeria's largest university, Ahmadu Bello University, and various tertiary institutions including the Federal College of Education (FCE Zaria), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology and Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic.  Department of Agriculture Ahmed Bello University Zaria. Ameer Shehu Idris College of Advanced Diploma.

From the 2006 population census, Zaria was estimated to have 736,000 people. It is home to the Emir of Zazzau.
Nude Before a Mirror
Nude Before a Mirror (originally known as Nu devant une cheminée) is a 1955 painting by Polish-French artist Balthus.

The painting depicts a nude woman before a mirror, which is a typical subject for Balthus, a fact that caused controversy in his early career. This painting is also referred to as Nude in Front of a Mantel.

It is part of the collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and was donated to the museum by art collector and banker Robert Lehman in 1975.

Balthus
Balthasar Klossowski (French: [klɔsɔfski]; February 29, 1908 – February 18, 2001), known as Balthus (French: [baltys]), was a Polish-French modern artist. He is known for his erotically charged images of young girls, but also for the refined, dreamlike quality of his imagery.

Throughout his career, Balthus rejected the usual conventions of the art world. He insisted that his paintings should be seen and not read about, and he resisted attempts to build a biographical profile. Nevertheless, towards the end of his life he took part in a series of dialogues with the neurobiologist Semir Zeki, conducted at his chalet at Rossinière, Switzerland and at the Palazzo Farnese (French Embassy) in Rome. They were published in 1995 under the title La Quête de l'essentiel, and in them he gives some of his views on art, painting and some other painters.
Pegatron
PEGATRON Corporation is a Taiwanese  electronics manufacturer specializing in developing and producing computing, communications, and consumer electronics for major brands. The company also designs and manufactures computer peripherals and components. Pegatron's primary products include laptops, desktop computers, netbooks, game consoles, handheld and mobile devices, motherboards, video cards, and LCD TVs. The company also produces broadband communication devices such as smartphones, set-top boxes and cable modems.

Motherboard
A motherboard, also known as a mainboard, system board, logic board, and informally mobo (see "Nomenclature" section), is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems, such as the CPU, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use.: 48
Australian thrash metal
Australian thrash metal is a regional scene of thrash metal music that originated during the late 1980s.

While not considered a "major" part of the worldwide thrash metal scene due to distance from the major Bay Area and Teutonic scenes, Australian thrash metal has had a fairly substantial following in overseas markets, while local audiences have always been difficult to gather. Probably the most well-known Australian thrash bands from the 1980s would be Mortal Sin and Hobbs' Angel of Death.

Armoured Angel
Armoured Angel were an Australian thrash and death metal band from Canberra, which formed in 1982 as Metal Asylum. The band's founding mainstay, Glen "Lucy" Luck provided bass guitar. They pushed the musical boundaries of the local thrash metal scene and were pioneers of Australian death metal. The group also helped establish Australia's metal festival, Metal for the Brain in 1991. They issued a studio album, Angel of the Sixth Order, in July 1999 before disbanding soon after.
Viktoria Ladõnskaja
Viktoria Ladõnskaja-Kubits (born 20 July 1981 in Anapa) is an Estonian politician and a member of its parliament, or Riigikogu. She represents the Tallinn constituency of Kesklinn, Lasnamäe and Pirita as a member of the Isamaa party. Ladõnskaja was elected to the Riigikogu in the 2015 election with 1,393 personal votes. Before starting her career in politics, Ladõnskaja worked as a freelance journalist and writer.

Lasnamäe
Lasnamäe is the most populous administrative district of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. The district's population is about 119,000, the majority of which is Russian-speaking as a result of Soviet settlement policies. Local housing is mostly represented by 5–16 stories high panel blocks of flats, built in the 1970–1990s.

The district lies in the eastern part of Tallinn. In the east it is bordered by the Pirita River; in the north and northwest a limestone escarpment (part of the Baltic Klint) separates Lasnamäe from Pirita and Kesklinn. The district is situated on a flat limestone plateau that lies 30–52 m above sea level. The highest point in Lasnamäe is the Sõjamägi Hill at 54 m asl.

Lasnamäe can be divided into two distinct areas: the northern part is residential, while the southern part around Peterburi Road (Tallinn-Narva road, part of E20) and up to the border with Rae Parish is mainly industrial. Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport is also administratively located in Lasnamäe.
Gerard Conley Sr.
Gerard P. Conley Sr. (January 3, 1930 – January 4, 2018) was an American politician from Maine. Conley, a Democrat, served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1964 to 1968 and in Maine Senate from 1968 to 1984. He spent his final term in the Senate as President of the Maine Senate (1983–1984). His son, Jerry Conley, served in the House from 1986 to 1990 and Senate from 1990 to 1994.

Gerard Conley Sr. served on the Portland, Maine City Council for 9.5 years, including a term as mayor (1971–72).

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
The Silent Twins (1986 film)
The Silent Twins is a 1986 television film directed by Jon Amiel. It was broadcast as Season 2, Episode 2 of Screen Two. It was based on a 1986 book of the same title by Marjorie Wallace, who also wrote the screenplay.

The Silent Twins is based on the true story of June and Jennifer Gibbons, identical twins who grew up in Wales. They were given the "Silent Twins" nickname because they only communicated with each other. Both women were committed to Broadmoor Mental Health Hospital for 14 years.

Screen Two
Screen Two is a British television anthology drama series, produced by the BBC and transmitted on BBC2 from 1985 to 1998 (not to be confused with a run of films shown on BBC2 under the billing Screen 2 between April 1977 and March 1978).
Factory Bot (Rails Testing)
Factory Bot, originally known as Factory Girl, is a software library for the Ruby programming language that provides factory methods to create test fixtures for automated software testing.  The fixture objects can be created on the fly; they may be plain Ruby objects with a predefined state, ORM objects with existing database records or mock objects.

Factory Bot is often used in testing Ruby on Rails applications; where it replaces Rails' built-in fixture mechanism. Rails' default setup uses a pre-populated database as test fixtures, which are global for the complete test suite. Factory Bot, on the other hand, allows developers to define a different setup for each test and thus helps to avoid dependencies within the test suite.

Test suite
In software development, a test suite, less commonly known as a validation suite, is a collection of test cases that are intended to be used to test a software program to show that it has some specified set of behaviors. A test suite often contains detailed instructions or goals for each collection of test cases and information on the system configuration to be used during testing. A group of test cases may also contain prerequisite states or steps and descriptions of the following tests.

Collections of test cases are sometimes termed a test plan, a test script, or even a test scenario.
Bonagota salubricola
Bonagota salubricola, the Brazilian apple leafroller, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

The length of the forewings is 11–14 mm.

The larvae feed on various plants, including Malus species. They roll the leaves of their host plant, and are considered an important pest.

Malus
Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/ or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Cannon Fodder (video game)
Cannon Fodder is a 1993 shoot 'em up video game developed by Sensible Software and published by Virgin Interactive Entertainment for the Amiga. Virgin later ported the game to MS-DOS, Atari ST, Acorn Archimedes, Atari Jaguar, Mega Drive, Super NES  and 3DO. The game is military-themed and based on shooting action with squad-based tactics. The player directs troops through numerous missions, battling enemy infantry, vehicles, and installations.

Cannon Fodder has a darkly humorous tone which commentators variously praised and condemned. Its creators intended it to convey an anti-war message, which some reviewers recognised, but the Daily Star and a number of public figures derided the game. Other reviewers highly praised the game, which widely achieved scores of over 90% in Amiga magazines. Amiga Action awarded it an unprecedented score, calling it the best game of the year. It was followed by the sequel Cannon Fodder 2 in 1994.

Amiga Action
Amiga Action was a monthly magazine about Amiga video games. It was published in the United Kingdom by Europress (later IDG Media) and ran for 89 full issues, from October 1989 to December 1996. After its closure, it was merged into sister publication Amiga Computing, replacing its games section. This ran for 10 issues until September 1997 when that magazine also folded.
Kajutaijuq: The Spirit That Comes
Kajutaijuq: The Spirit That Comes is a Canadian short film, directed by Scott Brachmayer and released in 2014. The film stars Johnny Issaluk as an Inuk man who is threatened when he encounters a malevolent spirit while hunting.

The film was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2014.

Principal photography lasted five days in March 2014, and was filmed 30 minutes from Iqaluit.

Vengeful ghost
In mythology and folklore, a  vengeful ghost or vengeful spirit is said to be the spirit of a dead person who returns from the afterlife to seek revenge for a cruel, unnatural or unjust death. In certain cultures where funeral and burial or cremation ceremonies are important, such vengeful spirits may also be considered as unhappy ghosts of individuals who have not been given a proper funeral.
Ghazi Stadium
Ghazi Stadium (Dari: ورزشگاه غازى; Pashto: غازي لوبغالی), also known as Kabul Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located southeast of the Shahr-e Naw neighborhood in Kabul, Afghanistan, across from Chaman-e-Hozori and Eidgah Mosque. The stadium is mainly used for local football training and matches. Nearby are the Afghanistan National Olympic Committee, the Afghanistan Football Federation Stadium, the Kabul International Cricket Stadium, and other grounds and facilities for sports.

Ghazi Stadium was built during the reign of King Amanullah Khan in 1923, who is regarded as Ghazi (Hero) for the Afghan victory in the Third Anglo-Afghan War and gaining independence for his nation after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919. It was last renovated in 2011. The stadium has the capacity to accommodate 25,000 spectators.

Shahr-e Naw
Shahr-e Naw (Pashto: شهر نو; Dari: شهرنو) is one of the affluent neighborhoods in Kabul, Afghanistan. It is a downtown commercial area housing most of the bigger buildings such as office centers, shopping centers, embassies, supermarkets, hotels, popular restaurants, banks, hospitals, mosques, and luxury apartments. To its west lies Karte Sakhi, and to its east is the affluent Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood. Its name in a general sense means New Town, which is taken as it was first built in the early 20th century as a 'new' urban extension north of the historic city of Kabul.
Karlobag
Karlobag is a village and a seaside municipality on the Adriatic coast in Croatia, located at the foot of the Velebit mountain, overlooking the island of Pag, west of Gospić and south of Senj. The Gacka river also runs through the area.

Gacka
The Gacka is a river located in the Lika region of central Croatia.

Because for a large part of its course it is a subterranean river, estimates of its length vary. The aboveground part has undergone substantial human intervention – before it was 32 kilometres (20 miles) long; now it is only 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) long. It has been regulated by man to flow into an aqueduct in Gusić polje (known as Tunel Gacka-Gusić Jezero) and then into the Adriatic Sea through the hydroelectric installation HE Senj near Sveti Juraj. Built in 1965, HE Senj takes inflow from both the Gacka and Lika rivers.

The river passes through karst fields and most notably the town of Otočac, and its headwaters are known as a popular locale for trout fishing.
Nikaweratiya Electoral District
Nikaweratiya electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Nikaweratiya in Kurunegala District, North Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Nikaweratiya electoral district was replaced by the Kurunegala multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Elections in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. Sri Lanka has a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. All elections are administered by the Election Commission of Sri Lanka.
Norfolk Rhapsodies
The Norfolk Rhapsodies are three orchestral rhapsodies by Ralph Vaughan Williams, drafted in 1905–06. They were based on folk songs Vaughan Williams had collected in the English county of Norfolk, in particular the fishing port of King's Lynn in January 1905. Only the first rhapsody survives in its entirety, having been revised by the composer in 1914. The second exists in fragmentary form, and has been completed by other hands.  The third is lost.

The three rhapsodies together were originally intended to form a sort of folk-song symphony. The First Rhapsody corresponded to the first movement, the Second Rhapsody combines the second and third movements of the symphony, with the scherzo occurring as an inserted episode of the slow movement. The Third Rhapsody was the finale, using four tunes formed as a quick march and trio.

King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 36 miles (58 km) north-east of Peterborough, 44 miles (71 km) north-north-east of Cambridge, 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich, and about 5 miles (8 km) inland from The Wash estuary.
Arch Dickens
Harold Arthur "Arch" Dickens (19 June 1903 – 25 May 1996) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy and Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Dickens was recruited from Preston. He played on a wing for Fitzroy in their 1923 VFL Grand Final loss to Essendon. He was one of the last players to use the place kick when kicking for goal.

1923 VFL grand final
The 1923 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 20 October 1923. It was the 26th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1923 VFL season. The match, attended by 46,566 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 17 points, marking that club's fifth premiership victory.

The match was scheduled to take place a week earlier but was postponed because the ground had been flooded after heavy rain. As a result, this Grand Final coincided with the Caulfield Cup.

Fitzroy were the reigning premiers, while Essendon had not won a premiership since 1912. Essendon were known at this time as the "Mosquito Fleet" due to their large number of small and pacey players such as Charlie Hardy and George Shorten.

George Rawle made his VFL debut in the Grand Final.
Transinstitutionalisation
Transinstitutionalisation is the phenomenon where inmates released from one therapeutic community move into other institutions, either as planned move or as an unforeseen consequence. For instance, when the residential mental hospitals in the United States were closed as the result of a political policy change, the prison population increased by an equivalent number.

In the United States patients that would have formerly have been in psychiatric hospitals wound up in general hospitals and private nursing homes which then became a growth industry.

There is an over-representation of the mentally ill in corrective settings. There are 400,000 prison inmates with mental health problems, and 25–40% of the mentally ill will spend some time in prison.

Unintended consequences
In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences, more colloquially called knock-on effects) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen. The term was popularized in the 20th century by American sociologist Robert K. Merton.

Unintended consequences can be grouped into three types:

Unexpected benefit:  A positive unexpected benefit (also referred to as luck, serendipity, or a windfall).

Unexpected drawback:  An unexpected detriment occurring in addition to the desired effect of the policy (e.g., while irrigation schemes provide people with water for agriculture, they can increase waterborne diseases that have devastating health effects, such as schistosomiasis).

Perverse result: A perverse effect contrary to what was originally intended (when an intended solution makes a problem worse).