hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silas Alexander Ramsay
Silas Alexander Ramsay (August 27, 1850 – December 5, 1942) was a Canadian politician and merchant in Alberta, Canada. He served as the 14th mayor of Calgary.

A native of Canada East, Ramsay first travelled to the west with the Wolseley Expedition in a suppression effort to the Red River Rebellion in 1870. Before returning home, he visited the Calgary area and hunted buffalo. This was prior to the initial Fort Calgary settlement, which happened in 1875.

In 1883, Ramsay returned to Calgary and established several businesses. In the 1885 North-West Rebellion, he was a Government dispatch rider. He served eight total years on the city council as an alderman and was also mayor from January 5, 1904, to January 2, 1905, during which time he was a stringent supporter of municipal ownership, working to establish a lighting and water system for the city.

After his retirement in Calgary from his business, he moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, where he died in 1942.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
2022 EuroCup Final
The 2022 EuroCup final was the final match of the 2021–22 EuroCup Basketball, the 20th season of Euroleague Basketball's secondary level professional club basketball tournament, and the 14th season since it was renamed from the ULEB Cup to the EuroCup. It was played at the Virtus Segafredo Arena in Bologna, Italy, on 11 May 2022, between Italian club Virtus Segafredo Bologna and Turkish club Frutti Extra Bursaspor.

Virtus Segafredo Bologna defeated Frutti Extra Bursaspor 80–67 to conquer their 1st EuroCup title and earned the right to play in the 2022–23 EuroLeague. Virtus Segafredo Bologna also became the first Italian team to win the EuroCup.

Virtus Arena
Virtus Arena, known for sponsorship reasons as Segafredo Arena until 2025, is a temporary indoor arena located in Bologna, with a capacity of 10,500 seats, one of the largest of the country. The arena was opened in November 2019 and hosted the home games of Virtus Bologna. From November 2019 to June 2021, it was initially located in the "Padiglione 30", a fair pavilion within the Fiera District, but in November 2021, it was moved to "Padiglione 37".
Westensee
Westensee (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛstn̩ˌzeː] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

The location of Westensee is south of the municipality of Bredenbek or Felde, but north of Emkendorf or Langwedel, and west of Schierensee.

Langwedel
Langwedel (German pronunciation: [ˈlaŋveːdl̩]) is a municipality in the district of Verden, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Weser, approx. 7 km northwest of Verden, and 30 km southeast of Bremen.

Langwedel belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Langwedel, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.
Profetamine
Profetamine is the name of a generic form of amphetamine sulfate which was introduced in the 1940s. Apparently, it was a counterfeit of the patented SKF Benzedrine Sulfate tablets that were available at the time.

Counterfeit
A counterfeit is a fake or unauthorized replica of a genuine product, such as money, documents, designer items, or other valuable goods. Counterfeiting generally involves creating an imitation of a genuine item that closely resembles the original to deceive others into believing it is authentic.

Counterfeit products are often made to take advantage of the higher value of the original product, typically using lower-quality materials or production methods. Counterfeit food, drinks, medicines, and personal care products can contain harmful or inactive ingredients, causing anything from mild issues to serious, life-threatening ones. Counterfeit footwear, clothing, and accessories have been found to contain high levels of lead, arsenic, and phthalates.
Darul Huda Islamic University
Darul Huda Islamic University is an unaccredited private Islamic university in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It is equivalent to an unaided and non-affiliated Indian madrasa. Established in 1986 it is a Sunni institution for the training of Islamic scholars in India. It offers both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Since 2010, it has been a member of the League of Islamic Universities, Cairo, Egypt. However the UGC, India's only official body with the power to accredit universities, does not list it as a university.

Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal serves as the President of the Managing Committee, while Bahaudheen Muhammed Nadwi is the Vice President, and Haji U. Muhammad Shafi is the General Secretary.

League of Islamic Universities
The League of Islamic Universities (or Union of Islamic Universities) is an association of Islamic universities. It is based in Cairo. The chairman is Abdallah Ben Abdel Mohsen At-Turki, who is also general secretary of the Muslim World League.
Mershops Northridge
Mershops Northridge (formerly and commonly known as Northridge Mall) is a shopping mall in Salinas, California, United States, the largest in Monterey County. Located off U.S. Highway 101 near Boronda Road and North Main Street in the northern part of the city, the single-story structure encompasses 976,913 sq ft (90,758 m2) of retail space. Mershops Northridge features more than 110 shops, two restaurants, a fast-food court with eight outlets (2 vacant), a Round One Entertainment, and three department stores including Hobby Lobby, JCPenney, and Macy's with one vacant anchor last occupied by Sears. It receives approximately 7.2 million visitors annually with approximately 5,800 spaces in the open-air parking lot. It is the only indoor shopping mall between San Jose and Santa Maria.

Santa Maria, California
Santa Maria (Spanish for "St. Mary") is a city in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, it is approximately 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Santa Barbara and 150 miles (240 km) northwest of Los Angeles. Its population was 109,707 at the 2020 census. The city is notable for its wine industry and Santa Maria–style barbecue.
Shaft (civil engineering)
In civil engineering a shaft is a passageway that is either vertical or inclined more than 45 degrees.
Shafts are often entered through a manhole and closed by a manhole cover. They are constructed for a number of reasons including:

For the construction of a tunnel

For ventilation of a tunnel or underground structure, aka ventilation shaft

As a drop shaft for a sewerage or water tunnel

For access to a tunnel or underground structure, also as an escape route

Ventilation shaft
In subterranean civil engineering, ventilation shafts, also known as airshafts or vent shafts, are vertical passages used in mines and tunnels to move fresh air underground, and to remove stale air.

In architecture, an airshaft, also known as a lightwell, is typically a small, vertical space within a tall building which permits ventilation of the building's interior spaces to the outside. The floor plan of a building with an airshaft is often described as a "square donut" shape. Alternatively, an airshaft may be formed between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the donut allow air from the building to be exhausted into the shaft, and, depending on the height and width of the shaft, may also allow extra sunlight inside.
LiuGong
LiuGong, officially Guangxi LiuGong Machinery Co., Ltd., is a Chinese multinational
construction machinery manufacturing company headquartered in Liuzhou, China. It is the world's 10th-largest construction equipment manufacturer by market share and the world's largest manufacturer of wheel loaders.

LiuGong was founded in 1958 in Liuzhou. Its products include wheel loaders, bulldozers, skid steer loaders, forklifts, motor graders, excavators, long reach excavators, rollers, truck mounted and crawler cranes, pavers, mini excavators, drilling machines, mining dump trucks, concrete equipment, and cold planners. It is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

Road roller
A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor-type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. Similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.

Road rollers are frequently referred to as steamrollers, regardless of their method of propulsion.
Metallurg Novokuznetsk
Metallurg Novokuznetsk (Russian: Металлург Новокузнецк Shor: Металлург Аба-тура) is a professional ice hockey team from Siberia based in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. They are currently members of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
A Trip to Calais
A Trip to Calais is a comedy play by the British playwright Samuel Foote. It was first published in 1778, along with the censored version entitled The Capuchin, which was first performed in 1776. In the original, Jenny Minnikin and Dick Drugget elope to France, followed closely by the Minnikin parents, Jenny's suitor Codling, and her aunt Mrs. Clack. To escape the family, Jenny temporarily enters a nunnery. Later, they meet Lady Kitty Crocodile, who encourages Jenny to be bigamous. Lady Kitty's servant Miss Lydell marries her worthy lover Colonel Crosby.

Samuel Foote
Samuel Foote (January 1720 – 21 October 1777) was a Cornish dramatist, actor and theatre manager. He was known for his comedic acting and writing, and for turning the loss of a leg in a riding accident in 1766 to comedic opportunity.
2024 Tyler Tennis Championships – Doubles
Alex Bolt and Andrew Harris were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Hans Hach Verdugo and James Trotter won the title after defeating Andrés Andrade and Abdullah Shelbayh 7–6(7–3), 6–4 in the final.

Abdullah Shelbayh
Abedallah Shelbayh (Arabic: عبد الله شلبايه, romanized: eabd allah shalabih; also known as Abdullah Shelbayh (Arabic: عبدالله شلبايه, romanized: eabdallah shalabih); born 16 November 2003) is a Jordanian tennis player.

Shelbayh has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 181 achieved on 29 January 2024, and is the first Jordanian tennis player to achieve an ATP world ranking. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 290, achieved on 8 January 2024. He had a career-high ITF juniors ranking of 27 achieved on 12 July 2021. Shelbayh has won three ITF singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Men's Circuit and one on the ATP Challenger Tour.

Shelbayh represents Jordan at the Davis Cup, where he has a win-loss record of 10–1.
Ministry of Health (Turkey)
The Ministry of Health (Turkish: Sağlık Bakanlığı) is the ministry of the Government of Turkey responsible for proposing and executing the government policy on health, planning and providing healthcare and protecting consumers. Likewise, it is responsible for proposing and executing the government policy on social cohesion and inclusion, family, protection of minors, youth and of care for dependent or disabled persons. The Ministry is headquartered in the Bakanlıklar in Ankara.

The Ministry of Health is headed by the Minister of Health, who is appointed by the President of Turkey at request of the Turkish Parliament. The current minister is Kemal Memişoğlu, serving since 2 July 2024.

Group cohesiveness
Group cohesiveness is the degree or strength of bonds linking members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole. Although cohesion is a multi-faceted process, it can be broken down into four main components: social relations, task relations, perceived unity, and emotions. Members of strongly cohesive groups are more inclined to participate readily and to stay with the group.
Henry Sanders (priest)
Christianity portal

Henry Sanders (1807–1888) was a Church of England priest, most notably Archdeacon of Exeter from 1875 until his death.

Sanders was born in Exeter and educated at Christ Church, Oxford, holding incumbencies in Langtree and Otterton. He was Head Master of Blundell's School in Tiverton from 1834; and Rector of Sowton from then until his death on 24 June 1888.

Blundell's School
Blundell's School is an independent co-educational boarding and day school in the English public school tradition, located in Tiverton, Devon. It was founded in 1604 under the will of Peter Blundell, one of the richest men in England at the time, and moved to its present site on the outskirts of the town in 1882.

While the full boarding fees are £45,750 per year, the school offers several scholarships and bursaries, and provides flexi-boarding. The school has 360 boys and 225 girls, including 117 boys and 85 girls in the Sixth Form, and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Jacob Weisman
Jacob Astrov Weisman (born February 23, 1965) is an American editor of science fiction and fantasy.  He founded Tachyon Publications, an independent publishing house specializing in genre fiction, in 1995.  His writing has appeared in The Nation, Realms of Fantasy, The Louisville Courier-Journal, The Seattle Weekly, The Cooper Point Journal, and in the college textbook, Sport in Contemporary Society, edited by D. Stanley Eitzen. His first novel, Egyptian Motherlode, co-written with David Sandner, was published in 2024.

Weisman received the World Fantasy Award in 2018 for the anthology The New Voices of Fantasy (co-edited with Peter S. Beagle). He was also nominated for the World Fantasy Award in 1998, 1999, 2009 and 2010 for his work at Tachyon.

He was raised and currently lives in San Francisco, where he and his wife Rina Weisman run the SF in SF (Science Fiction in San Francisco) reading series along with moderator Cliff Winnig.

Genre fiction
In the book-trade, genre fiction, also known as formula fiction, or commercial fiction, encompasses fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre.  These labels commonly imply that this type of fiction places more value on plot and entertainment than on character development, philosophical themes, or artistic depth. This distinguishes genre fiction from literary fiction.

Popular genres include crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction and horror—as well as Western, inspirational and historical fiction.

Slipstream genre is sometimes thought to be in between genre and non-genre fiction.
Siege of Groenlo (1672)
The siege of Groenlo was a 10-day siege of the Dutch town of Groenlo from 1 to 10 June 1672 by the combined forces of France, the Elector of Cologne and the Prince-Bishop of Münster during the Franco-Dutch War. It ended in the town's surrender.

Groenlo
Groenlo (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣrunloː] ⓘ) is a city in the municipality of Oost Gelre, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, on the German border, within a region in the province of Gelderland called the Achterhoek (literally: "back corner"). Groenlo was a municipality until 1 January 2005, when it merged with Lichtenvoorde. Until 19 May 2006 Groenlo was the official name of Oost Gelre. As of 1 January 2006 Groenlo, including its hamlet Zwolle, counted a population of 10,067. Groenlo is known locally and historically as Grolle, Groll or Grol.

Today, Groenlo is known primarily for its beer brewery Grolsch (literal meaning: "from Grol"), which was in business since 1615, but has been closed in 2004 when it moved to Boekelo. Grolsch produces many specialty beers (including beers for each season) and its beer is exported all over the world. Groenlo's military history is less well known today.
Gunnar Andreassen
Gunnar Andreassen (5 January 1913 – 23 July 2002) was a Norwegian football player and manager. He played on Fredrikstad FK from 1933 to 1950, except during the World War II German occupation of Norway. He appeared twice on the Norway national team, in 1939 (the last international competition before occupation) and 1945 (the first competition following the end of occupation). Andreassen managed Fredrikstad from 1953 to 1956 and Østsiden IL from 1959 to 1962.

Østsiden IL
Østsiden Idrettslag Fredrikstad is a Norwegian sports club, based in the city of Fredrikstad. The men's football team currently plays in the Norwegian second division.

The club was formed as Østsiden IL on 14 June 1935, and includes football and handball branches. The name "Østsiden Idrettslag Fredrikstad" was introduced after a merge between Østsiden IL and the handball club Fredrikstad HK on 29 November 2007.

Notable former players on Østsiden IL's male football team include Jørn Andersen and Egil Olsen. The team reached the quarter finals in the Norwegian Football Cup in 1962, after beating FC Lyn in the fourth round. The club was relegated from the Second Division in 2008, and played three season in the Third Division before they won promotion in 2011. The club finished the 2013 season as 13th in their Second Division group, and was relegated to the Third Division.
Kermit Murdock
Kermit Murdock (20 March 1908 – 11 February 1981) was an American film, television and radio actor known for his avuncular and professorial character portrayals.

His more prominent character roles in major motion pictures included Dean Pollard in Splendor in the Grass (1961), Henderson, the banker in In the Heat of The Night (1967), and Dr. Robertson in The Andromeda Strain (1971).

He is also remembered for his voice acting in many episodes of the 1950s science fiction radio series X Minus One. He was in The Mysterious Traveler episode "Survival of the Fittest" with Everett Sloane, and was featured in an episode of the series Adventure Ahead.

He appeared in character roles in television programs of the 1960s and 1970s including episodes of The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Kung Fu, The Mod Squad, and The Defenders. He portrayed a prosecutor of witches in the penultimate Star Trek episode, "All Our Yesterdays" (1969).

Splendor in the Grass
Splendor in the Grass is a 1961 American period drama film produced and directed by Elia Kazan, from a screenplay written by William Inge. It stars Natalie Wood and Warren Beatty (in his film debut) as two high school sweethearts, navigating feelings of sexual repression, love, and heartbreak. Pat Hingle, Audrey Christie, Barbara Loden, Zohra Lampert, and Joanna Roos are featured in supporting roles.

Splendor in the Grass was released theatrically on October 10, 1961, by Warner Bros. to critical and commercial success. It grossed $4 million, and received two nominations at the 34th Academy Awards for Best Actress (for Wood) and Best Original Screenplay, winning the latter.
Indian Super League Emerging Player of the League
The Indian Super League Emerging Player of the League is an annual association football award presented to the best young player in the Indian Super League each season.

The Indian Super League was founded in 2013, eight teams competed in the 2014 inaugural season. It became the joint top-tier of Indian football league system by 2017–18 season and is the top-tier since 2022–23 season. The first Emerging Player of the League was awarded to Sandesh Jhingan of Kerala Blasters in 2014.

2014 Indian Super League
The 2014 Hero Indian Super League was the first season of the Indian Super League, the top flight football league of India. The season featured eight teams, each playing 14 matches during the regular season.

The regular season started on 12 October when Atlético de Kolkata defeated Mumbai City 3–0 at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata. The season ended on 20 December when Atlético de Kolkata defeated the Kerala Blasters in the final 1–0 in front of 36,484 spectators. Mohammed Rafique was the lone goalscorer as the Kolkata club became the inaugural champions.
Himgiri Superfast Express
The 12331 / 12332 Himgiri Superfast Express is a Superfast train of the Indian Railways connecting Howrah Junction in West Bengal and Jammu Tawi in Jammu and Kashmir. It is currently being operated with 12331/12332 train numbers on three days in week. It covers a total distance of 2,024 km (1,258 mi) that runs through the major north states of India. The old ICF coach of the trains were replaced with the new LHB coach during Mid 14 August 2018.

ICF coach
The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) coach is a conventional passenger rail coach developed and manufactured by the Indian state owned Integral Coach Factory in Chennai. First manufactured in 1955, it was extensively used by the Indian Railways till the late 1990s. When the production ceased in 2018, more than 54,000 coaches had been produced including exports to other countries.
Toby Gold
Toby Gold (born 27 September 1994) is an English wheelchair racer. He is classified as a T33 athlete and competes primarily in sprint events, winning the 100m gold in the 2016 European Championships and silver at the 2016 Paralympic Games.

T33 (classification)
T33 and CP3 are disability sport classification for disability athletics.  The class competes using a wheelchair.  The classification is one of eight for people with cerebral palsy, and one of four for people with cerebral palsy who use a wheelchair.  Athletes in this class have moderate quadriplegia, and difficulty with forward trunk movement.  They also may have hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis.
Big Trak
BIG TRAK / bigtrak is a programmable toy electric vehicle created by Milton Bradley in 1979, resembling a futuristic Sci-Fi tank / utility vehicle. The original Big Trak was a six-wheeled (two-wheel drive) tank with a front-mounted blue "photon beam" headlamp, and a keypad on top. The toy could remember up to 16 commands, which it then executed in sequence. There also was  an optional cargo trailer accessory, with the UK version being white to match its colour scheme; once hooked to the Bigtrak, this trailer could be programmed to dump its payload.

In 2010, BIG TRAK was relaunched in the form of a slightly modified replica (cosmetically very similar to the original UK bigtrak), produced under licence by Zeon Ltd. There is also a small dedicated Internet community who have reverse engineered the BIG TRAK and the Texas Instruments TMS1000 microcontroller inside it.

Two-wheel drive
Two-wheel drive (2WD) denotes vehicles with a powertrain that allows two wheels to be driven, and receive power and torque from the engine, simultaneously. Also called all-wheel drive for motorcycles without sidecars.