hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc., 514 U.S. 211 (1995), was a landmark case about separation of powers in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Congress may not retroactively require federal courts to reopen final judgments.  Writing for the Court, Justice Scalia asserted that such action amounted to an unauthorized encroachment by Congress upon the powers of the judiciary and, therefore, violated the separation of powers as a constitutional concept.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Beyond the Golden Stair
Beyond the Golden Stair is a fantasy novel written by American writer Hannes Bok. It was first published as the short story "The Blue Flamingo" in the January 1948 issue of the magazine Startling Stories; later the story was extensively revised and expanded by the author into novel form. The novel version was first published in book form (posthumously) in paperback by Ballantine Books as the twenty-third volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in November, 1970. The Ballantine edition includes an introduction by American author Lin Carter.

Lin Carter
Linwood Vrooman Carter (June 9, 1930 – February 7, 1988) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy, as well as an editor and critic. He usually wrote as Lin Carter; known pseudonyms include H. P. Lowcraft (for an H. P. Lovecraft parody) and Grail Undwin. In the 1970s he was editor of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series, which introduced readers to many overlooked classics of the fantasy genre.
Djadjaemankh
Djadjaemankh is the name of a fictitious ancient Egyptian magician appearing in the third chapter of a story told in the legendary Westcar Papyrus. He is said to have worked wonders during the reign of king (pharaoh) Sneferu (4th Dynasty).

Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Dynasty IV lasted from c. 2613 to c. 2498 BC. It was a time of peace and prosperity as well as one during which trade with other countries is officially documented.

The Fourth Dynasty heralded the height of the pyramid-building age. The peaceful rule of the Third Dynasty allowed artistic expressions to flourish. Building experiments done by King Sneferu led to the evolution of mastaba tombs into the smooth-sided pyramids like those seen on the Giza Plateau. According to some historians, no other period in Egyptian history equaled the accomplishments achieved during the Fourth Dynasty.
Nathan Brody
Nathan Brody is an American psychology professor Emeritus known for his work on intelligence and personality.

Brody received his BA from University of New Hampshire and his MA and PhD from University of Michigan. He taught at Wesleyan University and is currently an emeritus professor there.

In 1995, Brody was part of an 11-member American Psychological Association task force led by Ulric Neisser which published Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, a report written in response to The Bell Curve. In 1998, he was one of the contributors to the 1998 special issue devoted to Arthur Jensen in Intelligence, where he praised Jensen's work as a "formidable contribution" to the topic of race and intelligence, though disagreeing to some extent with them.

Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns
Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns is a report about scientific findings on human intelligence, issued in 1995 by a task force created by the Board of Scientific Affairs of the American Psychological Association (APA) following the publication of The Bell Curve and the scholarly debate that followed it. The report was subsequently published in the February 1996 issue of the peer-reviewed journal American Psychologist.
École César Franck
The École César-Franck (César Franck School, named after César Franck) was a music school founded in Paris in January 1935 by Guy de Lioncourt, Louis de Serres, Pierre de Bréville and Marcel Labey. It was produced by a split from the Schola Cantorum following a disagreement over the artistic testament of Vincent d'Indy.

Vincent d'Indy
Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (French: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ dɛ̃di]; 27 March 1851 – 2 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the Paris Conservatoire. His students included Albéric Magnard, Albert Roussel, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Yvonne Rokseth, and Erik Satie, as well as Cole Porter.

D'Indy studied under composer César Franck, and was strongly influenced by Franck's admiration for German music. At a time when nationalist feelings were high in both countries (circa the Franco-Prussian War of 1871), this brought Franck into conflict with other musicians who wished to separate French music from German influence.
La Maternelle (film)
La Maternelle (International title: Children of Montmartre) is a 1933 French film directed and written by Jean Benoît-Lévy and Marie Epstein. It was adapted from Léon Frapié's Prix Goncourt winning novel La Maternelle (1904). This film was a remake of a less successful, silent version made in 1925 by Gaston Roudès. In 1935, it was ranked as the 6th best foreign film by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, and has received a 7.3 ranking (out of 10) by 127 reviewers at the Internet Movie Database.

National Board of Review
The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures (NBR) is a non-profit organization of New York City area film enthusiasts.  Its awards, which are announced in early December, are considered the first major harbinger of the film awards season that culminates in the Academy Awards.
Dot to Dot Festival
The Dot To Dot Festival is an annual music festival taking place since 2005, currently held at various venues in Nottingham, Bristol and previously Manchester across May bank holiday weekend.

Previous artists that have performed at the festival include Dua Lipa, Ed Sheeran, Florence & The Machine, Lewis Capaldi, London Grammar, Wolf Alice, Years & Years, Beach House, Catfish and The Bottlemen, Fontaines D.C., Ghetts, Metronomy and many more.

Unlike weekend music festivals such as the Reading and Leeds Festivals, there is no artist rotation – all artists play one city the first day and travel to the other for the following day.

The festival has just announced artists for their 2025 event include The Horrors, Fat Dog, SPRINTS, Big Special, Kate Bollinger, Låpsley, Honeyglaze and more, all set to head to Bristol on 24th May 2025 and Nottingham on 25th May 2025.

Låpsley
Holly Lapsley Fletcher (born 7 August 1996), known professionally as Låpsley, is an English singer, songwriter, musician and producer. She came to prominence in the mid-2010s with a series of self-produced EPs and was long-listed for the BBC Sound of 2015 poll. Her debut studio album, Long Way Home (2016), was released by XL Recordings to positive reviews and charted in the top 40 in the United Kingdom. She has since released three further studio albums – Through Water (2020), Cautionary Tales of Youth (2023) and I'm a Hurricane I'm a Woman in Love (2025) – as well as the 2024 EP A Guilty Heart Can Never Rest, moving from major-label releases to fully independent work.
Pinacoteca Querini Stampalia
The Pinacoteca Querini Stampalia is an art collection and museum in Venice, Italy. Situated inside the Palazzo Querini Stampalia, in the sestiere of Castello, on the left bank of the Grand Canal, it includes famous paintings as a self- portrait and Adam and Eve by Palma Giovane, a Sacra Conversazione by Palma Vecchio and a Madonna and Child by Bernardo Strozzi. It also holds prized drawings by Giovanni Bellini, Raphael, Paolo Veronese, Titian, and Tintoretto.

The picture gallery is displayed within twenty rooms on the second floor of the palace which also contains furniture, a large public library, porcelains and musical instruments, along with works by artists ranging from the 14th-18th century.

Tintoretto
Jacopo Robusti (late September or early October 1518 – 31 May 1594), best known as Tintoretto (/ˌtɪntəˈrɛtoʊ/ TIN-tə-RET-oh; Italian: [tintoˈretto]; Venetian: [tiŋtoˈɾeto]), was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Venetian school. His contemporaries both admired and criticised the speed with which he painted and the unprecedented boldness of his brushwork. For his phenomenal energy in painting he was termed il Furioso (Italian for 'the Furious'). His work is characterised by muscular figures, dramatic gestures and bold use of perspective, in the Mannerist style.
Aimee Mann discography
Aimee Mann is an American singer-songwriter who has released several albums since the early 1980s. Originally, she worked in collaboration with The Young Snakes and 'Til Tuesday, before becoming a solo artist. In 2013, she and Ted Leo began performing as the Both. As a solo artist, Mann has released 10 studio albums.

'Til Tuesday
'Til Tuesday is an American new wave band formed in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The band, consisting of Aimee Mann (lead vocals, bass), Robert Holmes (guitar), Joey Pesce (keyboards), and Michael Hausman (drums), was active from 1982 to 1989. They are best known for their 1985 hit single "Voices Carry". 'Til Tuesday disbanded in 1990 when Mann left to begin a solo career.
Tarantola
Tarantola is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Tarantola (1949–2009), Spanish-born physicist

Anna Maria Tarantola (born 1945), Italian manager, former director of the Bank of Italy and former President of Rai

Daniel Tarantola (born 1949)

Laura Tarantola (born 1994), French rower

Vinnie Tarantola, American gasser drag racer

Anna Maria Tarantola
Anna Maria Tarantola (Casalpusterlengo, February 3, 1945) is an Italian manager, former director of the Bank of Italy and former President of Rai since 8 June 2012 to 5 August 2015.

She graduated in economics from the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in 1969 and continued her studies at the London School of Economics obtaining a master's.

Anna Maria Tarantola is involved with the Pontifical Foundation Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice (CAPP), based in the Secretariat of State of the Holy See; she has been President of this foundation since 2019.
Travis Tripucka
Travis Tripucka (born May 3, 1989) is an American former football long snapper. He was signed by the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football at Massachusetts. His cousin Shane Tripucka was a punter for the Los Angeles Chargers and is currently an NFL Free Agent. He played for the XFL LA Wildcats in 2020.

Long snapper
In gridiron football, the long snapper (or deep snapper) is a center on special teams whose duty is to snap the football over a longer distance, typically around 15 yards during punts, and 7–8 yards during field goals and conversion attempts.
Oakland (Gallatin, Tennessee)
Oakland is a historic mansion on a farm in Sumner County, Tennessee near Gallatin, U.S. It was built circa 1850 by John Fontville, who also built the James B. Jameson House in Gallatin and Greenfield in Castalian Springs. The original owner, Daniel Wade Mentlo, was a physician who owned 23 slaves in 1850.

The house was designed in the Federal architectural style, with Greek Revival features. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 2, 1992.

Gallatin, Tennessee
Gallatin is a city in and the county seat of Sumner County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 44,431 at the 2020 census and has an estimated population of 52,489 as of 2024. Named for United States Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, the city was established on the Cumberland River and made the county seat of Sumner County in 1802. It is located about 30.6 miles northeast of the state capital of Nashville, Tennessee.

Several national companies have facilities or headquarters in Gallatin, including Facebook, Gap, Inc.,  Beretta and Servpro Industries LLC. Gallatin was formerly the headquarters of Dot Records. The city is also the site of Volunteer State Community College, a two-year college with more than 70 degree programs. In 2017, Gallatin was ranked as "The Nicest Place In America" by Reader's Digest.
Jatuncunca
Jatuncunca (possibly from Quechua hatun big, kunka throat, gullet, "big throat" or big gullet"), Janyaraju or Jangyraju is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca of the Andes of Peru, about 5,600 metres (18,373 ft) high. It is located in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province, on the border of the districts Independencia and Tarica. Jatuncunca lies west of Ocshapalca.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Aristonymus
Aristonymus is the name of a number of people from ancient Greek history:

Aristonymus of Athens, friend or associate of Plato

Aristonymus (writer), contemporary of Aristophanes

Aristonymus, an Athenian man mentioned by the historian Thucydides as acting to ratify a temporary truce with Athenaeus of Sparta during the Peloponnesian War

Aristonymus, a grammarian mentioned in the Suda and evidently confused with the Aristonymus who wrote comic plays

Aristonymus of Byzantium, described in some ancient texts as the librarian of the Library of Alexandria. Modern scholars believe this to be an error, and intending to refer to Aristophanes of Byzantium.

Aristonymus, the name of two otherwise unknown writers mentioned by Plutarch, neither of whom appeared to be the same as any of the other men with this name described here.

Athenaeus of Sparta
Athenaeus (Ancient Greek: Ἀθήναιος), son of Pericleidas, was a man of ancient Sparta who served during the Peloponnesian War. He was one of the commissioners who, on the part of the Spartans and their allies, ratified the truce for one year which in 423 BCE was made between the Spartans and Athenians and their allies after the Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by the general Brasidas.

Afterwards he and the Athenian Aristonymus went around to announce the ratification of the truce to Brasidas and other officers of the belligerent parties.

The names Athenaeus and Pericleidas mark the friendly relations which existed between this family and the Athenians, and more especially the family of Pericles.
Ugaritic
Ugaritic (/ˌ(j)uːɡəˈrɪtɪk/ (Y)OOG-ə-RIT-ik) is an extinct Northwest Semitic language known through the Ugaritic texts discovered by French archaeologists in 1928 at Ugarit, including several major literary texts, notably the Baal cycle. The script is described as “a special alphabetic Cuneiform,” reflecting an idiom related to Canaanite and Hebrew languages.

Like Hebrew the short script of Ugarit has twenty-two characters: nearly identical to Hebrew in terms of their phonetic values (what they sound like) if not in terms of the visual elements or media of their inscription. Early samples of Hebrew are scratched on stone or potsherds whereas Ugaritic is punched on clay, like cuneiform.

A scholar of the period hailed Ugaritic as "the greatest literary discovery from antiquity since the deciphering of the Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mesopotamian cuneiform.”

Canaanite religion
The religion and mythic beliefs of the people in the land of Canaan in the southern Levant during approximately the first three millennia BCE were polytheistic and in some cases monolatristic. They were influenced by neighboring cultures, particularly ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian religious practices. The pantheon was headed by the god El and his consort Asherah, with other significant deities including Baal, Anat, Astarte, and Dagon.

Canaanite religious practices included animal sacrifice, veneration of the dead, and the worship of deities through shrines and sacred groves. The religion also featured a complex mythology, including stories of divine battles and cycles of death and rebirth. Archaeological evidence, particularly from sites like Ugarit, and literary sources, including the Ugaritic texts and the Hebrew Bible, have provided most of the current knowledge about Canaanite religion.
Headingly Station
Headingly Station often just referred to as Headingly is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station. It is located about 156 kilometres (97 mi) south of Camooweal and 133 kilometres (83 mi) west of Dajarra in Queensland.

The property occupies an area of 10,032 square kilometres (3,873 sq mi) of Queensland's Gulf country and is able to carry a herd of approximately 40,000 Santa Gertrudis cattle. It is currently owned by the Australian Agricultural Company. The station is composed of black soil downs country with some timbered area scattered throughout along the Georgina River, ample feed is available to the stock in the form of Mitchell and Flinders grasses. It consists of three leases that operate as one entity, the leases being Headingly, Wolgra and Carandotta.

Vertisol
A vertisol is a Soil Order in the USDA soil taxonomy and a Reference Soil Group in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). It is also defined in many other soil classification systems. In the Australian Soil Classification it is called vertosol. The natural vegetation of vertisols is grassland, savanna, or grassy woodland. The heavy texture and unstable behaviour of the soil makes it difficult for many tree species to grow, and forest is uncommon.
School of Economics and Business, Ljubljana
The School of Economics and Business (SEB LU) in Ljubljana is part of the University of Ljubljana and was founded in 1946. It was one of the first faculties in the country to establish new internationally comparable Bologna 3+2 programs in 2005. In 2006 it was awarded EQUIS accreditation. In 2010 the school received business accreditation from AACSB International. Six years later, the school also received  AMBA accreditation. With the addition of the AMBA accreditation, the school became one of 77 business schools in the world to hold the Triple Crown accreditation.

EFMD Quality Improvement System
The EFMD Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) is a business school accreditation run by the Brussels-based European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD). EQUIS accredits higher education institutions of management and business administration, and is considered one of the triple accreditation.

As of September 2025, EQUIS has accredited 228 institutions in 45 countries around the world. In 2022, EQUIS suspended all higher education institutions in Russia from its ranking.
2006 Mosconi Cup
The 2006 Mosconi Cup, the 13th edition of the annual nine-ball pool competition between teams representing Europe and the United States, took place 7–10 December 2006 at the Rotterdam Cruise Terminal in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

The event ended in a 12–12 draw, thus  Team USA retained the Mosconi Cup as the prior year's winner. The possibility of ties was removed for the following year's event.

Rotterdam Cruise Terminal
The Rotterdam Cruise Terminal is a building on the Wilhelmina Pier, Rotterdam.

The Cruise Terminal served as the arrival and departure point of Holland America Line and is considered part of the city’s social and industrial heritage. The Cruise Terminal is still used by large passenger vessels that visit Rotterdam. The Terminal is now known for its cafe/restaurant located inside with a hall of 3,800 square metres (41,000 sq ft).

The "Turquoise Carpet" event for the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 took place at the Terminal on 16 May 2021. The Terminal was due to host the "Golden Carpet" and Opening Ceremony events for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 before its cancellation.
Genesis I
Genesis I was an experimental space habitat designed and built by the private American firm Bigelow Aerospace and launched in 2006. It was the first module to be sent into orbit by the company, and tested various systems, materials and techniques related to determining the viability of long-term inflatable space structures through 2008. Such structures, including this module and others built by Bigelow Aerospace, were similar to the 1990s NASA expandable TransHab design, which aimed to provide increased interior volume at a reduced launch diameter and potentially reduced mass compared to traditional rigid structures.

The on-board systems transmitted data for 2.5 years.

Space settlement
A space settlement (also called a space habitat, spacestead, space city or space colony) is a settlement in outer space, sustaining more extensively habitation facilities in space than a general space station or spacecraft. Possibly including closed ecological systems, its particular purpose is permanent habitation.

No space settlement has been constructed yet, but many design concepts, with varying degrees of realism, have been introduced in science-fiction or proposed for actual realization.

Space settlements include orbital settlements (also called orbital habitat, orbital stead, orbital city or orbital colony) around the Earth or any other celestial body, as well as cyclers and interstellar arks, as generation ships or world ships.

Space settlements are a form of extraterrestrial settlements, which more broadly includes habitats built on or within a body other than Earth, such as a settlement developed from a moonbase, a Mars habitat or an asteroid.
1936 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 13b
The 1936 Tour de France was the 30th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 7 July, and Stage 13b occurred on 22 July with an individual time trial to Montpellier. The race finished in Paris on 2 August.

Évian-les-Bains
Évian-les-Bains ([evjɑ̃ le bɛ̃] ⓘ; lit. 'Évian-the-Baths'; Arpitan: Èvian, Évyan, or L'Èvian), or simply Évian, is a commune in Eastern France, by the Swiss border. It is located in the northern part of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

A high-market holiday resort and spa town on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman), it has been visited, over two centuries, by royalty such as Kings Edward VII and George V of the United Kingdom and King Farouk of Egypt, and celebrities such as countess Anna de Noailles and Marcel Proust.
Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links
A fixed link or fixed crossing is a permanent, unbroken road or rail connection across water that uses some combination of bridges, tunnels, and causeways and does not involve intermittent connections such as drawbridges or ferries. A bridge–tunnel combination is commonly used for major fixed links.

This is a list of proposed and actual transport links between continents and to offshore islands. See also list of bridge–tunnels for another list of fixed links including links across rivers, bays and lakes.

Bab-el-Mandeb
The Bab-el-Mandeb (Arabic: باب المندب, lit. 'Gate of Grief/Tears', Tigrinya: ባብ ኣል ማንዳብ) is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa, connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and by extension the Indian Ocean.