hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madrasas of Tunis
Madrasas of Tunis were built under the reign of the Hafsid dynasty in the medina of Tunis. They were founded to teach Almohad doctrine, but beginning on the 14th century, taught mostly Malakite doctrine.

In the 1850s and 1860s, teaching, living, and learning in the madrases was difficult, described as "poorly lighted little rooms and crowded conditions, must have been picturesque."

The original plan in the late 19th century was that those schools would contribute to educate the state civil servants. In the 20th and 21st centuries, their role is limited to hosting students of the University of Ez-Zitouna, or other institutions.

Only in the 1980s were the history and architecture of the madrasas the subjects of independent scholarship.

University of Ez-Zitouna
Ez-Zitouna University (Arabic: جامعة الزيتونة, romanized: Jāmi‘a al-Zaytūna, French: Université Ez-Zitouna) is a medieval public university in Tunis, Tunisia. The university originated in the Al-Zaytuna Mosque, founded at the end of the 7th or in the early 8th century, which developed into a major Islamic centre of learning in North Africa. It consists of the Oldest and Higher Institute of Theology and the Higher Institute of Islamic Civilisation in Tunis and a research institution, the Centre of Islamic Studies, in Kairouan.
Cryptocarya microneura
Cryptocarya microneura, commonly known as murrogun, murrogun laurel or brown jack, is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a rainforest tree with lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, the flowers cream-coloured and tube-shaped but not perfumed, and the fruit a spherical to elliptic black drupe.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Mariama Hima
Mariama Hima Yankori (born 1951, Niamey) is a Nigerien film director, ethnologist and politician. She became the first female Nigerien film director in the 1980s, was State Secretary of Promotion of Women and Protection of Children, and later the first female Nigerien ambassador to France.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Pipher
Pipher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jill Pipher (born 1955), American mathematician

Judith Pipher (1940–2022), American astrophysicist and astronomer

Mary Pipher (born 1947), American clinical psychologist and author

Judith Pipher
Judith Lynn Pipher (née Bancroft, June 18, 1940 – February 21, 2022) was a Canadian-born American astrophysicist and observational astronomer. She was Professor Emerita of Astronomy at the University of Rochester and directed the C. E. K. Mees Observatory from 1979 to 1994. She made important contributions to the development of infrared detector arrays in space telescopes.
4th Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion
4th Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion (4th LARB) is a United States Marine Corps Light Armored Reconnaissance battalion of the Marine Corps Reserve. Their primary weapon system is the LAV-25 and they are part of the 4th Marine Division and Marine Forces Reserve. The unit headquarters is at Camp Pendleton, California, but other units in the battalion are located throughout the United States. 4th LAR Bn is the largest combat battalion in the Marine Corps, with 7 companies.

1st Marine Division
The 1st Marine Division (1st MARDIV) is a Marine division of the United States Marine Corps headquartered at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. It is the ground combat element of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF).

It is the oldest and largest active duty division in the United States Marine Corps, representing a combat-ready force of 22,000 personnel. It is one of three active duty divisions in the Marine Corps today and is a multi-role, expeditionary ground combat force. It is nicknamed "The Old Breed".
Wansbeck Greyhound Track
Wansbeck Greyhound Track was a greyhound racing track in Cambois, Northumberland.

The track was constructed on the East coast of England on the north side of the estuary of the River Blyth between Blyth and Ashington on the North Sea coast.

The Cambois colliery used to be on the site before it was closed in 1968. The track had race distances of 247, 412 and 587 metres and closed and re-opened several times since its opening.

Today it is only used as a rearing and schooling track having last held races in 2012.

Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom
Greyhound racing is a sport in the United Kingdom. The industry uses a totalisator system with on-course and off-course betting available.

Attendances have declined since the mid-20th century.

As of January 2025, there are 18 licensed stadiums in the United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland).
World in Motion
"World in Motion..." is a song by English band New Order (performed with the England national football team, credited as ENGLANDneworder). The song is New Order's only number-one song on the UK Singles Chart. It was produced for the England national football team's 1990 FIFA World Cup campaign and features a guest rap by England footballer John Barnes and additional vocals by several members of the English team of 1990 and comedian Keith Allen, who co-wrote the lyrics.

Singer Bernard Sumner described the single to NME as "the last straw for Joy Division fans", noting how its upbeat sound had inverted their former band's famously gloomy image. The song was originally to be called "E for England", with lyrics that ran "E is for England, England starts with E / We'll all be smiling when we're in Italy", but the Football Association vetoed the title, realising that it sounded suspiciously like a reference to the drug ecstasy.

DEF II
DEF II was a programming strand on BBC2, which aired at 6 pm on Mondays and Wednesdays from 9 May 1988 to 23 May 1994, to serve the teenage market. It was produced by Janet Street-Porter, and followed on from her youth television show Network 7 on Channel 4.

Many of the presenters and staff on DEF II started their careers on Network 7 and had followed Street-Porter when she was "poached" by the BBC. It had an ident featuring a barcode which differed from the usual idents used on BBC2.
Adithya RK
Adithya RK is an Indian playback singer, music composer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema and Telugu cinema. He gained recognition for his vocal performances in several successful films, with notable songs featured in Don, Jawan, and Das Ka Dhamki. Known for his versatile singing style, Adithya RK has contributed to Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam and Kannada tracks.

Das Ka Dhamki
Das Ka Dhamki (transl. Das' Warning) is a 2023 Indian Telugu-language action comedy thriller film directed by Vishwak Sen, who co-wrote the story along with Prasanna Kumar Bezawada. It is produced by Karate Raju, Vishwak's father, under the banners, Vanmaye Creations and Vishwaksen Cinemas. It stars Vishwak in a dual role as hero and villain alongside Nivetha Pethuraj, while Rao Ramesh, Tharun Bhascker, Akshara Gowda, Hyper Aadi, Ajay, and Rohini play supporting roles.

Das Ka Dhamki was released on 22 March 2023 to mixed reviews from critics and became a commercial success at the box office.
Kyran O'Donnell
Kyran Martin O'Donnell (born 29 October 1958) is a former Australian politician. He was a Liberal member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from the 2017 state election to the 2021 state election, representing the district of Kalgoorlie.

O'Donnell was a policeman before entering politics, and in 2013 was elected to Kalgoorlie-Boulder City Council.

At the 2021 state election, O'Donnell was defeated by Labor candidate Ali Kent. He was endorsed as a candidate on the Liberal ticket for the Legislative Council at the 2025 state election, but withdrew to contest the district of Kalgoorlie as an independent.

City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder
30°44′56″S 121°27′58″E﻿ / ﻿30.749°S 121.466°E﻿ / -30.749; 121.466

The City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder is a local government area in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, about 550 kilometres (342 mi) east of the state capital, Perth. Its seat of government is the town of Kalgoorlie; all but 244 of the city's population live in either Kalgoorlie or Boulder.
Cecil Dreeme
Cecil Dreeme is a novel written by Theodore Winthrop and published posthumously by the author's friend George William Curtis in 1861, after the author's death at the battle of Big Bethel on June 10, 1861. (The Battle of Big Bethel was one of the earliest land battles of the American Civil War which took place on the Virginia Peninsula, near Newport News.) The novel has been called "one of the queerest American novels of the nineteenth century" by scholar Peter Coviello, and it addresses themes of gender and sexuality.

George William Curtis
George William Curtis (February 24, 1824 – August 31, 1892) was an American writer, reformer, public speaker, and political activist.  He was an abolitionist and supporter of civil rights for African Americans and Native Americans. He also advocated women's suffrage, civil service reform, and public education.
2014 MLS SuperDraft
The 2014 MLS SuperDraft was the fifteenth SuperDraft presented by Major League Soccer. The first two rounds of the four round draft took place on January 16, 2014, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Philadelphia Convention Center. Rounds three and four took place on January 21, 2014, via conference call.

Philadelphia Union
The Philadelphia Union are an American professional soccer club based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. Founded on February 28, 2008, the Union began playing in 2010 as an expansion team. The club's home stadium is Subaru Park, a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester, Pennsylvania, on the banks of the Delaware River.

The Union are currently owned by Keystone Sports & Entertainment, with Jay Sugarman serving as majority owner and chairman of the club. Professional basketball player Kevin Durant serves as a minority owner. The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014, 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments and the 2022 MLS Cup final. In 2025, Philadelphia secured the Supporters' Shield with their regular season performance, the second in the club's history.
South Dakota's 15th legislative district
South Dakota's 15th legislative district is one of 35 districts in the South Dakota Legislature. Each district is represented by 1 senator and 2 representatives. In the Senate, it has been represented by Democrat Jamie Smith since 2025. In the House, it has been represented by Democrats
Linda Duba since 2019 and Kadyn Wittman since 2023.

Linda Duba
Linda Duba (born August 24, 1956) is an American politician and educator based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. She serves in the South Dakota lower house as one of the Democratic representatives of the 15th District along with Jamie Smith. Her district covers the northern part of Sioux Falls including the Downtown, Whittier, Cathedral, Terrace park, West 10th Street, and Garfield neighborhoods. The 15th District lies completely within Minnehaha county. Duba succeeded Representative Karen Soli in 2019.

Duba was an outwardly supportive of the 2022 Democratic Nominee for Governor, Jamie Smith. She has also been outspoken about the abortion ban in South Dakota and Governor Kristi Noem's lack of action to make exceptions to the ban. Duba supports the investigative committee into Governor Noem's use of state finances.

Duba ran again in 2022 as a Lower House Representative for District 15.
Transport in Milford Sound
Transport in Milford Sound in New Zealand is characterised by the remoteness of the area in which it is located. As a popular tourism destination in the South Island, Milford Sound (the fiord) and the village of the same name receive very large numbers of visitors. These tend to arrive and depart within just a few hours each day, as there is little accommodation at the village, leading to strong demand peaks for tourism services during the noon and early afternoon period. The journey from Te Anau is rated as one of the most photographic drives of the world.

To reduce this peaking and to allow further expansion without impacting the environment or reducing tourist amenity, various schemes have been proposed over the years for better links to the Sound, including a new tunnel, a monorail and a gondola lift.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
Kamyshovka, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Kamyshovka (Russian: Камышовка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Smidovichsky District, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. Population:  1,123 (2010 census); 1,084 (2002 census);  There are 10 streets in this selo.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan.

The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. At its height, in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. Since then, the share of Jews steadily declined, and according to the 2021 Russian census, there were only 837 ethnic Jews left in the JAO (0.6%).

Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being Israel. It is one of the few places in the world where Yiddish is a recognized minority language.
Earle B. Phelps
Earle Bernard Phelps (July 10, 1876 – May 29, 1953) was a chemist, bacteriologist and sanitary expert who served in governmental positions and as an academic in some of the leading universities in the U.S. He is known for his contributions in sewage disinfection, water chlorination, sewage treatment, milk pasteurization, shellfish control, and for describing the “oxygen sag curve” in surface water bodies.

Rockaway River
The Rockaway River is a tributary of the Passaic River, approximately 35 mi (56 km) long, in Morris County, New Jersey in the United States. The upper course of the river flows through a wooded mountainous valley, whereas the lower course flows through the populated New Jersey suburbs and former industrial area west of New York City. It drains an area of approximately 130 sq mi (340 km²).
Kevin Kelly (hurler)
Kevin Kelly (born 1 October 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays as a full-forward for the Kilkenny senior team.

Born in Ballyragget, County Kilkenny, Kelly first played competitive hurling during his schooling at Heywood Community School. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team, before later joining the under-21 and intermediate sides. He joined the senior panel during the 2015 league.

At club level, Kelly is a one-time All-Ireland medallist in the junior grade with St Patrick's Ballyragget. In addition to this, he has also won one Leinster medal and one championship medal in the same grade.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
Lewistown Central Business Historic District
The Lewistown Central Business Historic District is a 28 acres (11 ha) historic district in Lewistown, Montana, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  The listing included 54 contributing buildings.

It includes the already-listed St. Leo's Catholic Church and the Masonic Temple.

The district is roughly bounded by Washington St., 1st Ave., Janeaux St., and 8th Ave., in Lewistown.

Lewistown, Montana
Lewistown is a city in and the county seat of Fergus County, Montana, United States. The population was 5,952 at the 2020 census. Lewistown is located in the geographic center of the state, southeast of Great Falls and northwest of Billings. First planned in 1882, it was the site of an 1880s gold rush, and served as an important railway destination, supplying surrounding communities with bricks via rail.
Grade II listed buildings in Marchwiel
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade II structures are those considered to be "buildings of special interest which justify every effort being made to preserve them". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.

This is a list of the 41 Grade II listed buildings in the community of Marchwiel, in Wrexham County Borough.

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that altered the laws on granting of planning permission for building works, notably including those of the listed building system in England and Wales.

The act no longer has effect in Wales, its provisions having been repealed and replaced there by the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023.
Style of Eye
Johan Linus Eklöw (born 29 August 1979), better known by his stage name Style of Eye, is a Swedish DJ, record producer, songwriter and percussionist. He was part of the electropop music group Galantis from 2012.

He has worked with Usher, Kylie Minogue, Lily Allen, Zedd, Miike Snow, Slagsmålsklubben, Tom Staar, Lars Allertz, Soso, and many more through collaborations and/or remixes. In 2012, Linus teamed up with Christian Karlsson to form the super duo, Galantis. His early 2013 single Taken Over, featuring Rebecca & Fiona, peaked at 33 on the Swedish charts. On April 23, 2014, Linus was awarded at ASCAP's 31st Annual Pop Music Awards for Icona Pop's international hit, "I Love It" featuring Charli XCX, which he co-wrote and produced alongside Patrik Berger.

Footprints, his second full length released in October 2014 on Ultra Records, was nominated for a Swedish Grammy. The album includes the released singles: Kids (which went platinum in Sweden), The Game, and Love Looks.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Plopp
Plopp is a chocolate bar manufactured by the Swedish company Cloetta (formerly part of Cloetta Fazer). Like Center, another Cloetta chocolate bar, it consists of milk chocolate with a soft caramel center, but the formula, texture and aroma are not the same. Over 95 percent of Plopp bars are sold in Sweden.

Some English-speaking sources have criticized the name "Plopp" as being unappealing due to its use as a euphemism for human feces.

Caramel
Caramel (/ˈkærəˌmɛl/, /ˈkærəməl/ or (US) /ˈkɑːrməl/) is a range of food ingredients made by heating sugars to high temperatures. It is used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons or candy bars, as a topping for ice cream and custard, and as a colorant commonly used in drinks.

The process of caramelization primarily consists of heating sugars slowly to around 170 °C (340 °F). As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic colour and flavour.

A variety of sweets, desserts, toppings, and confections are made with caramel, including tres leches cake, brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème caramel, and caramel apples. Ice creams are sometimes flavored with or contain swirls of caramel.
Archery at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual W1
The men's individual W1 archery competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held from 21 to 25 September at the Olympic Baseball Centre (Athens).

The event was won by John Cavanagh, representing  Great Britain.

Great Britain at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Great Britain (the name which the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competes under at Olympic and Paralympic level) sent a delegation of 166 athletes to the 2004 Summer Paralympics, covering 15 sports. The ParalympicsGB team entered the opening ceremony behind the Union Flag carried by Noel Thatcher.
A Different Kind of Human (Step 2)
A Different Kind of Human (Step 2) is the third studio album by Norwegian singer-songwriter and record producer Aurora. It was released on 7 June 2019 by Decca and Glassnote Records. It succeeds the album's first and previous chapter Infections of a Different Kind (Step 1), which was released in September 2018. Aurora collaborated with producers including Magnus Skylstad, MyRiot, Askjell Solstrand, Odd Martin, Mark Ralph, Toby Gad, and Kill Dave during its recording. It has been categorised to be a pop, art pop, and electropop concept album.

Mark Ralph (music producer)
Mark Ralph (born 2 May 1974) is a British record producer, mixer and songwriter. Spanning a wide range of genres, he is known for his contributuions to records from artists including Years & Years, Jax Jones, Clean Bandit, Aitch, Georgia, Sub Focus, Rudimental, Plan B, the Snuts, Gryffin, Zara Larsson, George Fitzgerald, Tom Walker, Eats Everything, A1 x J1, DJ Regard, Sam Ryder, Jess Glynne, Becky Hill, Rag'n'Bone Man and more.

As of December 2022, Ralph has 12 number one records across the UK Singles and Albums Charts, and was the inaugural recipient of the Producer of the Year award at the 2016 A&R Awards, for which he has been nominated a total of five times, most recently in 2022.