hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defense Clandestine Service
The Defense Clandestine Service (DCS) is an arm of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) that conducts clandestine espionage, intelligence gathering activities and classified operations around the world to provide insights and answer national-level defense objectives for senior U.S. policymakers and American military leaders. Staffed by civilian and military personnel, DCS is part of DIA's Directorate of Operations and works with the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Operations and the U.S. military's Joint Special Operations Command. DCS consists of about 500 clandestine operatives, about as many case officers the CIA had in the early 2000s before its expansion.

DCS is not a "new" intelligence agency but rather a consolidation, expansion and realignment of existing Defense HUMINT activities that have been carried out by DIA for decades under various names, most recently as the Defense Human Intelligence Service.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Zanie, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Zanie [ˈzaɲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kalinowo, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is located in the region of Masuria. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Kalinowo, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Ełk, and 147 km (91 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ełk
Ełk (Polish pronunciation: [ɛwk] ⓘ; German: Lyck) is a city in northeastern Poland with 61,677 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the seat of Ełk County in the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship. It lies on the shore of Ełk Lake, which was formed by a glacier, and is surrounded by extensive forests. It is the largest city of Masuria.

The town was founded by the Teutonic Order and settled by Poles in the late 14th century and received town rights in 1445. In the 16th century, it became a leading center for Polish printing and education in Masuria. Ełk is historically considered the capital of Masuria.

Today Ełk is an important rail and road junction and food industry hub in north-eastern Poland, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ełk. One of the principal attractions in the area is legal hunting.
Travel with Rivals
Travel with Rivals (Chinese: 跟住矛盾去旅行; Jyutping: gan1 zyu6 maau4 teon5 heoi3 leoi5 hang4) is a Hong Kong television travel programme premiered on 6 April 2016, produced by HK Television Entertainment and broadcast on ViuTV. The show brings together two people from different backgrounds, with conflicting core values, for a five-day trip to another part of the world.

HK Television Entertainment
HK Television Entertainment Company Limited (Chinese: 香港電視娛樂有限公司, or ViuTV) is a television service operator in Hong Kong, owned by Hong Kong billionaire Richard Li's PCCW. It operates through its subsidiary PCCW Media, which also owns the IPTV platform Now TV and runs the OTT service Viu.
MOL Campus
MOL Campus is a neomodern skyscraper and the headquarters of MOL Group in Budapest, Hungary, designed by Foster and Partners. The tower is the tallest building in Budapest and in Hungary. Construction began in 2019 and was completed in 2022. It integrates a 28-storey tower with a podium a single form to create a unified campus.

Neomodern
Neomodern or neomodernist architecture is a reaction to the complexity of postmodern architecture and eclecticism in architecture, seeking greater simplicity. The architectural style, which is also referred to as New Modernism, is said to have legitimized an outlook of comprehensive individualism and relativism.
Yun Il-seon
Yun Il-seon (Korean: 윤일선; Hanja: 尹日善, October 5, 1896 – June 22, 1987) was a South Korean politician, pathologist, and anatomist. He was the 6th Chairman of University of Seoul 1956 to 1961, a pathology pupil of Fuzinami Ahkira (藤浪鑑), successor of Rudolf Virchow, and cousin of president Yun Bo-seon. A nickname was Dongho (동호; 東湖).

University of Seoul
The University of Seoul (UOS; Korean: 서울시립대학교, lit. 'City University of Seoul') is a municipal public university in Seoul, South Korea. UOS is famous in South Korea for a very large number of alumni working as national or municipal government officials in South Korea. UOS specializes in urban science and has top-tier programs in environmental engineering, taxation, transportation engineering, urban planning and design, landscape architecture, and urban administration.

UOS is a public university funded and supported by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Academic programs of UOS have been set to support the necessities of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Hence, UOS functions as a think-tank in formulating and supporting the major policy goals of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, along with basic research and education. UOS has a goal of becoming an international center for the urban sciences.
International reactions to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten's publication of satirical cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad on September 30, 2005, led to violence, arrests, inter-governmental tension, and debate about the scope of free speech and the place of Muslims in the West. Many Muslims stressed that the image of Muhammad is blasphemous, while many Westerners defended the right of free speech. A number of governments, organizations, and individuals have issued statements defining their stance on the protests or cartoons.

Trabzon
Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Historically known as Trebizond, the city was founded in 756 BC as Trapezous by Greek colonists from Miletus. It was added into the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great and was later part of the independent Kingdom of Pontus that challenged Rome until 68 BC. Thenceforth part of the Roman and later Byzantine Empire, the city was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond, one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade in 1204. In 1461 it came under Ottoman rule.

During the early modern period, Trabzon, because of the importance of its port, again became a focal point of trade to Persia and the Caucasus. Today Trabzon is the second largest city and port on the Black Sea coast of Turkey with a population of almost 300,000. The urban population of the city is 330,836 (Ortahisar), with a metropolitan population of 822,270. Trabzon has 18 districts in total.
Otis Clymer
Otis Edgar Clymer (January 27, 1876 – February 27, 1926) was an American Major League Baseball player who was primarily a right fielder for four teams during his six-season career.  Born in Pine Grove, Pennsylvania, he played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Senators, Chicago Cubs, and the Boston Braves from 1905 to 1913.

Clymer's most notable moment came on October 2, 1908, when he hit for the cycle.  When he left Major League baseball, he played for the minor league Minneapolis Millers of the American Association from 1911 to 1914.

In 385 games over six seasons, Clymer posted a .267 batting average (355-for-1330) with 182 runs, 2 home runs, 98 RBI, 83 stolen bases and 99 bases on balls.

After his baseball career, which was hampered by constant leg injuries, Clymer became a car dealer.  He died at age 50 from an automobile accident in St. Paul, Minnesota. He is interred at Willow River Cemetery in Hudson, Wisconsin.

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Tulpehocken Manor Plantation
Tulpehocken Manor Plantation, also known as the Ley Home, is a historic property which is located near Myerstown, Jackson Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.

Added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 1975, the building now serves as the headquarters of the Hanover Rifle Battalion, Revolutionary War re-enactors.

Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
Lebanon County (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ə-nən; Pennsylvania German: Lebnen Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,257. Its county seat is the city of Lebanon. It lies 72 miles northwest of Philadelphia, which is the nearest major city. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.

The county was formed from portions of Dauphin and Lancaster counties in 1813, with minor boundary revisions in 1814 and 1821. Lebanon County comprises the Lebanon metropolitan statistical area, which is part of the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area.
Liebshausen
Liebshausen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde', a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Grong Sparebank
Grong Sparebank is a Norwegian savings bank based in Grong Municipality. The bank is affiliated with the Eika Gruppen alliance and has branch offices in Grong, Namsos, Steinkjer and Mosjøen. Total assets are 9.5 billion kr.

Harran Municipality
Harran is a former municipality in the old Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1923 until its dissolution in 1964. The municipality was located in the Namdalen valley and in the northern part of the present-day Grong Municipality in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre was the village of Harran where the Harran Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 606-square-kilometre (234 sq mi) municipality was the 164th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Harran Municipality was the 597th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,111. The municipality's population density was 1.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.7/sq mi) and its population had increased by 18% over the previous 10-year period.
Édouard Chatton
Édouard Chatton (French: [edwaʁ ʃatɔ̃]; 11 October 1883 – 23 April 1947) was a French biologist who first characterized the distinction between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular types.

Chatton was born in Romont, Switzerland. His initial interest was in various human pathogenic protozoa, members of the Apicomplexa and Trypanosomatids. He later expanded his studies to include marine protists, helping to contribute to the description of the dinoflagellate protists. He first coined the terms "eukaryote" and "prokaryote" in a 1925 paper, but did not elaborate on the concept; Roger Stanier and C. B. van Niel later adopted the nomenclature and popularized the classification of cellular organisms into prokaryotes and eukaryotes in a 1962 article. At the Pasteur Institute, Chatton met and became a mentor to André Michel Lwoff, future Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. The two scientists remained associates until Chatton's death in 1947, in Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.

Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur, pronounced [ɛ̃stity pastœʁ]) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887 and inaugurated on 14 November 1888.

For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. It has also been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague.

Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists.
Straits Times Index
The FTSE Straits Times Index (abbreviation: STI) is a capitalisation-weighted stock market index that is regarded as the benchmark index for the stock market in Singapore. It tracks the performance of the top 30 companies that are listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX).

The STI is jointly calculated by the SGX, SPH Media Trust and FTSE Group.

SPH Media
SPH Media Trust (SMT), trading as SPH Media, is a mass media company in Singapore. It was incorporated on 19 July 2021 as a company limited by guarantee, having been spun off from Singapore Press Holdings as part of a restructuring. It owns several major newspapers in the country, including the English-language The Straits Times and The Business Times, Chinese-language Lianhe Zaobao and Shin Min Daily News, Malay-language Berita Harian, and the Tamil Murasu. The company also publishes magazines and operates five radio stations.

It forms part of a duopoly of the country's mass media, alongside the state-owned enterprise Mediacorp. SPH Media has over 2,500 employees, including a team of approximately 1,000 journalists, including correspondents operating around the world.
Petronelów
Petronelów [pɛtrɔˈnɛluf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Buczek, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Buczek, 12 km (7 mi) south of Łask, and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask
Łask ([wask]) is a town in central Poland with 16,925 inhabitants (2020). It is the capital of Łask County, and is situated in Łódź Voivodeship. It is located in the Sieradz Land.

A town with some 1,000 years of history, Łask is a former residential town of the Łaski noble family under whose patronage it was developed into a notable regional center of trade and crafts. It contains heritage Gothic and Baroque churches and a local historical museum. It is located near the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok. The Polish Air Force's 32nd Air Base is located nearby.
Bochum I
Bochum I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 139. It is located in the Ruhr region of North Rhine-Westphalia, comprising the western and central part of the city of Bochum.

Bochum I was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. From 2002 to 2025, it has been represented by Axel Schäfer of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Serdar Yüksel of the SPD.

Axel Schäfer
Axel Helmut Schäfer (born 3 August 1952) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Born in Frankfurt, Hesse, he served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2002 to 2025.
Delisle (crater)
Delisle is a small lunar impact crater in the western part of the Mare Imbrium. It was named after French astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle. It lies to the north of the crater Diophantus, and just to the northwest of the ridge designated Mons Delisle. Between Delisle and Diophantus is a sinuous rille named Rima Diophantus, with a diameter of 150 km. To the northeast is another rille designated Rima Delisle, named after this crater.

The rim of Delisle is somewhat polygonal in form and it has a low central rise on the floor. There is some slight slumping along the inner wall, but overall the rim is still relatively fresh with little appearance of significant wear. The outer rim is surrounded by a small rampart of hummocky terrain.

Delisle is a crater of Eratosthenian age.

This formation has also been designated "De l'Isle" in some sources.

Rille
Rille /ˈrɪl/ (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the surface of the Moon that resemble channels. The Latin term is rima, plural rimae. Typically, a rille can be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. However, the term has also been used loosely to describe similar structures on a number of planets in the Solar System, including Mars, Venus, and on a number of moons. All bear a structural resemblance to each other.
Aird of Sleat
Aird of Sleat (Scottish Gaelic: Àird Shlèite) is a village on the Isle of Skye in Scotland. It is located at the southern end of the Sleat peninsula, 4 miles (6 kilometres) southeast of Ardvasar and Armadale, at the end of a minor road.

Lying 2 miles (3 kilometres) from Point of Sleat, it is the southernmost settlement on Skye.  A track leads from the village to the Point of Sleat Lighthouse.

A local legend tells of an outbreak of lycanthropy amongst a group of crofters in 1813. The famous surgeon James Syme wrote about the case in his journal.

The village is home to the Aird Old Church, which was converted into an art gallery.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Doomsday argument
The doomsday argument (DA), or Carter catastrophe, is a probabilistic argument that aims to predict the total number of humans who will ever live. It argues that if a human's birth rank is randomly sampled from the set of all humans who will ever live, it is improbable that one would be at the extreme beginning. This implies that the total number of humans is unlikely to be much larger than the number of humans born so far.

The doomsday argument was originally proposed by the astrophysicist Brandon Carter in 1983, leading to the initial name of the Carter catastrophe. The argument was subsequently championed by the philosopher John A. Leslie and has since been independently conceived by J. Richard Gott and Holger Bech Nielsen.

Simple random sample
In statistics, a simple random sample (or SRS) is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population) in which a subset of individuals are chosen randomly, all with the same probability. It is a process of selecting a sample in a random way. In SRS, each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k individuals. Simple random sampling is a basic type of sampling and can be a component of other more complex sampling methods.
2022 Open Sud de France
The 2022 Open Sud de France was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 35th edition of the event, and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2022 ATP Tour. It took place at the Arena Montpellier in Montpellier, France, from 31 January until 6 February 2022. Sixth-seeded Alexander Bublik won the singles title.

Sud de France Arena
Sud de France Arena ("South of France Arena", also known as the Arena Montpellier) is an indoor arena located in the Montpellier suburb of Pérols, Hérault, in the south of France, that opened in September 2010. It has a concert seating capacity of 14,000 spectators, with about 10,000 for sporting events.
Cung oán ngâm khúc
Cung oán ngâm khúc (chữ Hán: 宮怨吟曲 Complaint of a Palace Maid) is a Vietnamese poem by Nguyễn Gia Thiều (1741–98) originally composed in nôm script.

The English title has also been rendered as the "Lament of a Royal Concubine" or "The Complaints of the Royal Harem." The poem is an example of song thất lục bát ("double seven, six eight") form of  poetry in the ngâm "lament" style.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
Gastrotheca stictopleura
Gastrotheca stictopleura is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Peru and known from the southern end of the Cordillera Azul in Huánuco, Pasco, and southern Junín Regions at elevations of 2,500–3,090 m (8,200–10,140 ft) asl.
Its natural habitat is cloud forest, but it can also occur in disturbed forest and pastures with trees. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture, logging and human settlement.

Department of Huánuco
Huánuco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwanuko]; Quechua: Wanuku) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the La Libertad, San Martín, Loreto and Ucayali departments in the north, Ucayali to the east, Pasco to the south and Lima and Ancash to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huánuco.

Huánuco has a rugged topography, comprising parts of the Sierra and the High Jungle (mountain rim) regions. Being equidistant from the north and the south of the country, it has the privilege of having a mild weather with an average annual temperature of 20 °C (68 °F).

This region is important for its geographical location, history, and for the richness of its land, where the presence of man goes back to ancient times. El Hombre de Lauricocha (Man of Lauricocha) is among the most distinctive examples, dating from 10,000 BC, as well as Kotosh, where vestiges of the oldest settlement in the Americas (4200 BC) took place.