hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerlach Barklow Co.
The Gerlach Barklow Co. was an art calendar factory located in Joliet, Illinois, which was "one of the largest calendar and advertising companies in America." the company was founded in 1907. The factory employed over 1,500 people at its peak in the 1950s.

Artists who worked for Gerlach Barklow included Arthur H. Hider, Bradshaw Crandell, Fletcher C. Ransom, Adelaide Hiebel, and Zula Kenyon. Many of the company's artists were women, or local residents, and many local residents served as artists' models. Lois Delander of Joliet, better known as Miss America 1927, was among the most famous models. A Gerlach-Barklow fan is displayed in the collection of the Oakland Museum of California.

Gerlach Barklow calendars were purchased by businesses to be given to their important customers as gifts.

Advertising agency
An advertising agency, often referred to as a creative agency or an ad agency, is a business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its clients. An ad agency is generally independent of the client; it may be an internal department or agency that provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services, or an outside firm. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and promotions for its clients, which may include sales as well.

Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and private agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television advertisements, radio advertisements, online advertising, out-of-home advertising, mobile marketing, and AR advertising, as part of an advertising campaign.
2015 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Doubles
Chris Guccione and Lleyton Hewitt were the defending champions, but Hewitt chose to participate in the Davis Cup quarterfinals instead. Guccione played alongside Matthew Ebden, but lost in the first round to Johan Brunström and Marcelo Demoliner.
Jonathan Marray and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi won the title, defeating Nicholas Monroe and Mate Pavić in the final, 4–6, 6–3, [10–8].

2015 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 2015. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group play-offs, and the winners progressed to the quarterfinals and World Group spot for 2016.
Garda Technical Bureau
The Garda Technical Bureau (Irish: Biúró Teicniúil an Gharda Síochána) is the longest established specialist unit in the Garda Síochána, the police and security service of the Ireland. The bureau, based at Garda headquarters in the Phoenix Park, comprises eight sections, each providing a specialist service to the wider Garda Síochána:

Photography

Mapping

Fingerprinting

Forensic Document Examination

Ballistics

Forensic Liaison Office

Fógra Tóra (Garda information booklet)

Administration

Questioned document examination
In forensic science, questioned document examination (QDE) is the examination of documents potentially disputed in a court of law. Its primary purpose is to provide evidence about a suspicious or questionable document using scientific processes and methods. Evidence might include alterations, the chain of possession, damage to the document, forgery, origin, authenticity, or other questions that come up when a document is challenged in court.
Rimvydas Turčinskas
Rimvydas Turčinskas (born 25 February 1956 in Kazlų Rūda, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian politician, doctor, and, from 2006 to 2008, the health minister of Lithuania in the government of Gediminas Kirkilas.

Kazlų Rūda
Kazlų Rūda (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in the Marijampole County in southern Lithuania. It is located 27 km (17 miles) north from Marijampolė. The city is surrounded by forests, but a railway line crosses the city and divides it into almost equal parts.

The former Soviet Army Kazlų Rūda airbase is 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast of Kazlų Rūda.
ATN Aastha TV
ATN Aastha is a Canadian exempt Category B Hindi language specialty channel owned by Asian Television Network (ATN).

ATN Aastha broadcasts religious and spiritual programming in Hindi, Gujarati, and English, focusing mainly on the teachings and principles of Hinduism. Programming includes discourses, devotional music, meditation and yoga techniques, coverage of religious festivals, and ancient Indian scientific practices such as ayurveda. Programming is primarily sourced from Aastha International, an Indian-based television channel, in addition to Canadian content.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Malabon–Navotas's at-large congressional district
Malabon–Navotas's at-large congressional district was the combined representation of the Metro Manila municipalities (now highly urbanized cities) of Malabon and Navotas in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines (1987–2010).

Since 2010, each has been represented separately through the lone congressional districts of Malabon and Navotas.

It included Valenzuela in the defunct legislative district in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986 until Valenzuela gained separate representation, leaving the then-municipalities of Malabon and Navotas.

Malabon
Malabon, officially the City of Malabon (Filipino: Lungsod ng Malabon), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 389,929 people. Located just north of the city of Manila, Malabon is primarily residential, industrial and one of the most densely populated cities in the metropolis, having a total land area of 15.96 square kilometers (6.16 sq mi)

Malabon is part of the sub-region of Metro Manila informally called CAMANAVA, an area which derives its name from the first syllable of its component cities: Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela. Caloocan lies to the south and east, Navotas to the west, and Valenzuela to the north. Malabon also borders the town of Obando in the province of Bulacan to the northwest.
Iino Domain
Iino Domain (飯野藩, Iino-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kazusa Province (modern-day Chiba Prefecture). The domain was centered on Iino Jin’ya, a fortified residence in what is now the city of Futtsu, Chiba. It was ruled for the entirety of its history by a branch of the Hoshina clan (later Matsudaira clan) of Aizu.

Matsudaira clan
The Matsudaira clan (松平氏, Matsudaira-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture).  During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi and changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. He subsequently seized power as the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan during the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of daimyō status.

After the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system, the Tokugawa and Matsudaira clans became part of the new kazoku nobility.
Pleistorallus
Pleistorallus flemingi, also referred to as Fleming's rail, is a genus and species of extinct bird in the rail family from the Middle Pleistocene (about one million years ago) of New Zealand. It was a large and stout rail about the same size as the extant takahē. It was described by Trevor Worthy in 1997 from fossil material (a right tibiotarsus and distal left femur) found in coastal deposits near Marton, in the Rangitikei District of the North Island. The genus name Pleistorallus refers to the Pleistocene age of the fossils; the specific epithet honours Charles Fleming (1916–1987) for his contributions to New Zealand ornithology and palaeontology.

Femur
The femur (/ˈfiːmər/; pl.: femurs or femora /ˈfɛmərə/), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals, the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.

The top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom of the femur connects to the shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) to form the knee. In humans the femur is the  largest and thickest bone in the body.
Tech University of Korea
Tech University of Korea (TU Korea, 한국공학대학교), formerly Korea Polytechnic University (KPU, 한국산업기술대학교), is a polytechnic university in South Korea. KPU was established in 1998 by support from the Korea Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy.

Located in Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It was established to cultivate professional engineer with strong field adaptability through practical training.

In early 2007, the Techno Innovation Park was opened to accommodate approximately 1,400 residents and more than 40 engineering houses, ranging from 17 floors above ground to 1 underground.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Adam Christoph Schüler
Adam Christoph Schüler (born August 8, 1640 in Weißenfels; died after 1693; also Schüller and Schiller, sometimes read as Schaber, Stüber, and Schider) was a German actor, playwright, and theater writer.

Adam Christoph Schüler was the son of Heinrich Schüler, a Stadtrichter (city judge) in Weißenfels. In 1660 he began his studies in Leipzig. He likely soon joined a traveling troupe that performed at the Leipzig Fair. Adam worked as an actor and playwright with several important theater directors, such as Jakob Kuhlmann, Andreas Elenson, and Johannes Velten. His theatrical manuscripts, Ein verliebter Verdruß (an adaptation of Molière's Le Dépit amoureux), and Der durchlauchtige Kohlenbrenner, are included in Codex Ia 38589 (Wienbibliothek). Der durchlauchtige Kohlenbrenner may have been based on an English or Spanish source and was also performed by the theater troupe of Michael Daniel Treu.

Wienbibliothek im Rathaus
The Wienbibliothek im Rathaus (English: Vienna Library in City Hall), formerly known as the Wiener Stadt- und Landesbibliothek (English: Vienna City and State Library), is a library and archive containing important documents related to the history of Vienna, Austria. Founded in 1856, the library, which also contains a large collection of local memorabilia, is located in the Rathaus (City Hall) in the Innere Stadt first district of the city, and is the official library of the city and state of Vienna.

The Wienbibliothek preserves 500,000 books, 2,000 newspapers and magazines, 300,000 posters, 500,000 autographs, notable bequests and legacies, and one of the most important music collections in the world. Much of the collection can be retrieved through the online user interface available in both German and English. The library is part of the Magistrat der Stadt Wien (Municipality of Vienna) and supervised by the City Councillor for Culture.
Dimu, Syria
Dimu (Arabic: ديمو, also spelled Demo) is a Syrian village located in the Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict of the Masyaf District in Hama Governorate, 43 kilometers west of Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dimu had a population of 1,102 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

A municipal council was established to administer Dimu in 1995. Most of Dimu's working population is employed in agriculture, with the principal crops being potatoes, wheat, cotton, and summer vegetables. There is a primary school in the village.

Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict
Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية جب رملة)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Masyaf District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict had a population of 39,814 in the 2004 census. As of July 2023, the population was estimated to be 40,076.
Chadema
The Party for Democracy and Progress (Swahili: Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo), commonly known as Chadema, is a centre-right political party in Tanzania. It was the second-largest political party in Tanzania and campaigns on regional autonomy of self-governing states in the country.

Regional autonomy
Regional autonomy is the authority of a region to govern and administer the interests of the local people according to its own initiatives.

21st-century examples of disputes over autonomy include the Basque Country and Catalonia in Spain, Sicily in Italy, and the disputes over autonomy of provinces in Indonesia. Other examples of autonomous regions include the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China and the Cherokee Nation in the United States.

There is also an example of Sri Lanka where the Sri Lankan Tamils asked for regional autonomy and the government declined it, leading to struggle by the Tamil community.
Malavedan language
Malavedan (Malai Vedan,  IPA: [mɐlɐʋeːɖɐn]) is a Dravidian language of Kerala and Tamil Nadu that is closely related to Malayalam. Malavedan speakers are one of the tribal groups in Kerala. Many of them live in the Ernakulam, Kollam, Kottayam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, and Thiruvananthapuram districts.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
It's the Same Old Song
"It's the Same Old Song" was recorded by the Four Tops for the Motown label. It was released in 1965 as the second single from their second album. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, the song is today one of The Tops' signatures, and was reportedly created—from initial concept to commercial release—in 24 hours. It reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #2 on the Billboard R&B chart.  It also reached #34 in the UK.

Lamont Dozier
Lamont Herbert Dozier (/ləˈmɒnt ˈdoʊʒər/; June 16, 1941 – August 8, 2022) was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer from Detroit. He co-wrote and produced 14 Billboard #1 hits in the US and 4 #4 in the UK.
John Alexander Milne
Lt. Col. John Alexander ("Jock") Milne DSO (1872-1918), began life in rural Aberdeenshire. He rose  through the ranks of the Australian Imperial Force during the First World War, finally attaining the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He served with distinction at both Gallipoli and on the Western Front. He is much celebrated in his adopted home town of Bundaberg, Queensland, earning a place in the  Australian Dictionary of Biography.

Australian Dictionary of Biography
The Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB or AuDB) is a national co-operative enterprise founded and maintained by the Australian National University (ANU) to produce authoritative biographical articles on eminent people in Australia's history. Initially published by Melbourne University Press in a series of twelve hard-copy volumes between 1966 and 2005, the dictionary has been published online since 2006 by the National Centre of Biography (NCB) at ANU, which has also published Obituaries Australia (OA) since 2010.
Élisée Thériault
Élisée Thériault (January 11, 1884 – July 30, 1958) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented L'Islet in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1916 to 1929 as a Liberal.

He was born in Saint-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska, Quebec, the son of Pierre Thériault and Marie-S. Saint-Pierre. Thériault was educated at the Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière, the Collège de Lévis and the Université Laval. He was called to the Quebec bar in 1913 and set up practice in Quebec City. In 1914, he married Cécile Hamel. Thériault was named King's Counsel in 1924. He was a member of the municipal council for Quebec City from 1916 to 1918  and served as judicial counsel for the city of Quebec from 1918 to 1939. Thériault resigned his seat in the Quebec assembly after he was named to the Legislative Council of Quebec for Kennebec division.

He died in office in Quebec City at the age of 74 and was buried in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont at Sainte-Foy.

Saint-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska
Saint-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿alɛksɑ̃dʁ də kamuʁaska]) is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, in the Kamouraska Regional County Municipality.

Before July 5, 1997, it was known simply as Saint-Alexandre.
New Mexico State Road 304
State Road 304 (NM 304) is a 23.3-mile-long (37.5 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 304's northern terminus is at NM 47 in Rio Communities, and the southern terminus is at Calle De Centro Street in La Joya.

Rio Communities, New Mexico
Rio Communities is a city in Valencia County, New Mexico, United States. Prior to its incorporation on May 16, 2013, it was a census-designated place (CDP). As of the 2020 census, Rio Communities had a population of 4,926.

Rio Communities was developed by the Horizon Corporation, who sold undeveloped land. The Federal Trade Commission eventually ordered Horizon to pay money to the buyers due to false and misleading ads.
Capital structure substitution theory
In finance, the capital structure substitution theory  (CSS) describes the relationship between earnings, stock price and capital structure of public companies. The CSS theory hypothesizes that managements of public companies manipulate capital structure such that earnings per share (EPS) are maximized. Managements have an incentive to do so because shareholders and analysts value EPS growth. The theory is used to explain trends in capital structure, stock market valuation, dividend policy, the monetary transmission mechanism, and stock volatility, and provides an alternative to the Modigliani–Miller theorem that has limited descriptive validity in real markets. The CSS theory is only applicable in markets where share repurchases are allowed. Investors can use the CSS theory to identify undervalued stocks.

Volatility (finance)
In finance, volatility (usually denoted by "σ") is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time, usually measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns.

Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices.  Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option).
René Boileau (politician)
René Boileau (October 26, 1754 – July 11, 1831) was a political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born in Chambly in 1754. He was a trader there. He served as a major in the local militia during the American Revolution. Boileau was elected to the 1st Parliament of Lower Canada for Kent. He was named justice of the peace for Montreal district in 1799. Boileau was part of a committee formed in Kent County to oppose the union of Upper and Lower Canada proposed in 1822.

He died at Chambly in 1831 after having been ill for several months.

His daughter Emmélie married Timothée Kimber, a physician and one of the Patriote leaders in Chambly County. His daughter Sophie married Joseph-Toussaint Drolet, who also later served in the legislative assembly.

1st Parliament of Lower Canada
The 1st Parliament of Lower Canada was in session from December 17, 1792, to May 31, 1796. Elections for the Legislative Assembly in Lower Canada had been held in June 1792. All sessions were held at Quebec City.
Tizol
Tizol is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

José de Jesús Tizol, Puerto Rican politician, senator and delegate

Juan Tizol (1900–1984), Puerto Rican jazz trombonist and composer

Lolita Tizol, early twentieth-century Puerto Rican violinist and music educator

José de Jesús Tizol
José de Jesús Tizol was a Puerto Rican politician, senator and delegate.

De Jesús Tizol was one of the many founders of the Ateneo Puertorriqueño.

During the early 1900s, de Jesús was a member of the Puerto Rico House of Delegates for various terms.

In 1917, de Jesús was elected as a member of the first Puerto Rican Senate established by the Jones-Shafroth Act. He represented the District I (San Juan).

In the four-year period from 1921 to 1924 in the Senate, Tizol presided over the Criminal Law Commission and was the second highest-ranking representative in the Finance commissions and Labor. He was also a member of the Finance Commission.

He died in San Juan, Puerto Rico while holding a seat in the House of Representatives on April 7, 1929 at the age of 50.
NGC 998
NGC 998 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be 294 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 90,000 ly. Together with NGC 997, it forms a gravitationally bound pair of galaxies. NGC 998 was discovered by astronomer Albert Marth on 10 November 1863 using a 48-inch telescope.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Raheem Beyah
Raheem Beyah (born December 23, 1976) is an American computer engineer, researcher, and educator. As of November 1, 2025, he is the Provost and Executive Vice President of Academic Affairs of the Georgia Institute of Technology. Prior to becoming the provost, he was the Dean of the College of Engineering and Southern Company Chair at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Prior to becoming the dean, he was the vice president for interdisciplinary research and the Motorola Foundation Professor and the executive director of Georgia Tech's online masters in cyber security (OMS Cyber) program. Beyah is also the co-founder and chair of industrial security company Fortiphyd Logic, Inc.

Accenture
Accenture plc is a multinational technology consulting company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Founded in 1989, Accenture provides information technology and management consulting services across 120 countries globally.