hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isidorus (Egyptian rebel)
Isidorus (born c. 139) was a native ancient Egyptian priest in the 2nd century during the Roman rule in Egypt. He led the native Egyptian revolt against Roman rule during the reign of emperor Marcus Aurelius. The likely motivation for the revolt was the uptick in taxes imposed by Aurelius to fund the war in the North.

The Roman historian Dio Cassius described Isidorus as surpassing all his contemporaries in bravery while leading the Egyptians in this revolt, most often called the Bucolic War. It broke out in 172–173 as a result of oppressive taxation in the Boucolia marshes of the Nile Delta. At first the Egyptians were successful, having defeated the Romans in a pitched battle. They almost captured Alexandria after this victory, but Avidius Cassius, the governor of Syria, was sent against them. Cassius separated the rebels and was able to defeat them.

The revolt caused great damage to the Egyptian economy and marked the beginning of Egypt's economic decline.

Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. Rebellion comes from Latin re and bellum, and in Lockian philosophy refers to the responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government.
Limbal stem cell
Limbal stem cells, also known as corneal epithelial stem cells, are unipotent stem cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the corneal limbus. They form the border between the cornea and the sclera. Characteristics of limbal stem cells include a slow turnover rate, high proliferative potential, clonogenicity, expression of stem cell markers, as well as the ability to regenerate the entire corneal epithelium. Limbal stem cell proliferation has the role of maintaining the cornea; for example, by replacing cells that are lost via tears. Additionally, these cells also prevent the conjunctival epithelial cells from migrating onto the surface of the cornea.

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
Tephrite
Tephrite is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock,  with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. Mineral content is usually abundant feldspathoids (leucite or nepheline), plagioclase, and lesser alkali feldspar. Pyroxenes (clinopyroxenes) are common accessory minerals. Quartz and olivine are absent. The absence of olivine distinguishes them from the otherwise similar basanite. Its parameters are defined in the QAPF diagram. Occurrences include leucite nepheline tephrite from Hamberg bei Neckarelz near Heidelberg, Germany, phonolite-tephrite at Monte Vulture, Basilicata, Italy and basanite–tephrite intrusions in Namibia.

Feldspathoid
The feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a different structure and much lower silica content. They occur in rare and unusual types of igneous rocks, and are usually not found in rocks containing primary quartz. A notable exception where feldspathoids and quartz-bearing rocks are found together is the Red Hill Syenite.

Foid, a contraction of the term feldspathoid, is applied to any igneous rock containing up to 60% modal feldspathoid minerals. For example, a syenite with significant nepheline present can be termed a nepheline-bearing syenite or nepheline syenite, with the term nepheline replaceable by any foid mineral. Such terminology is used in the Streckeisen (QAPF) classification of igneous rocks.
2016 Idaho elections
A general election was scheduled in the U.S. state of Idaho on November 8, 2016. Along with the presidential election, one United States Senate seat and Idaho's two seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election, as were all the seats in both chambers of the Idaho Legislature. Primary elections were held on May 17, 2016.

Idaho Court of Appeals
The Idaho Court of Appeals is the intermediate-level appellate court for the state of Idaho;  created by statute by the state legislature, operations began in 1982. The court is housed in the Idaho Supreme Court building in Boise.
Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark
Christian (10 April 1603 – 2 June 1647) was prince-elect of Denmark from 1610 and heir apparent to the throne of Norway from 1603. Because he died before his father, King Christian IV, the throne passed instead to his brother, King Frederick III.

Holstein
Holstein (/ˈhoʊlstaɪn/; German: [ˈhɔlʃtaɪn] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Holsteen; Danish: Holsten; Latin: Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is the southern half of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany.

Holstein once existed as the German County of Holstein (German: Grafschaft Holstein; 811–1474), the later Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; 1474–1866), and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the Danish Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig). The capital of Holstein is Kiel.

Holstein's name comes from the Holcetae, a Saxon tribe mentioned by Adam of Bremen as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood" or "hill-sitters" (Northern Low Saxon: Hol(t)saten; German: Holzsassen).
Jorge Francisco Sotomayor
Jorge Francisco Sotomayor Chávez (born 5 February 1980) is a Mexican independent politician formerly affiliated with the PAN. He was a deputy in the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress (2012-2015) representing the Federal District.

LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 62nd session of the Congress of Mexico, met from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. It consisted of Senators and Deputies in their respective chambers. All members of both the lower and upper houses of the Congress were elected in the elections of July 2012.

Senators were elected for a six-year term during the 2012 elections, allowing them to serve in both the LXII and subsequent legislatures. Deputies, also elected in the 2012 elections, served exclusively during the LXII Legislature.

The composition of the LXII Legislature was as follows:
National roads to airports in Greece
Throughout Greece, there are short sections of national roads that connect airports or air bases to the rest of the national or provincial road network. There are 14 national roads of this type: 13 were introduced on 9 July 1963, while another in Rhodes was added in 1998.

Air base
An airbase or air base, sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for operating military aircraft.
Peace museum
A peace museum is a museum that documents historical peace initiatives.  Many peace museums also provide advocacy programs for nonviolent conflict resolution.  This may include conflicts at the personal, regional or international level.

Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
Unyime Idem
Unyime Josiah Idem (listenⓘ) (born 14 January 1975) is a Nigerian businessman, politician, philanthropist and honourable member representing Oruk Anam/Ukanafun federal constituency in the House of Representatives. First elected to the House in the 9th Assembly, he currently serves as Chairman House Committee on Public Procurement in the 10th Assembly. As of September 2024, Idem has sponsored 22 establishment and amendment bills and 28 motions of "urgent national importance". He is the founder of Idems Ultimate Limited- a telecommunications service provider, and Stanford Microfinance Bank Limited  with stakes in several other companies in agricultural sector, real estate, construction with over five hundred employees.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
Marcelle Praince
Marcelle Praince (9 June 1882 – 26 October 1969) was a French actress.

Praince was born Célestine Cardi in Vigeois, Corrèze, France and died in Maisons-Laffitte, Yvelines.

Praince acted in dozens of films and appeared in stage productions. As a young woman she was considered a fashionable stage beauty. During World War I, she was a member of the French Army Theater (Theatre aux Armes), a troupe of performers who entertained French soldiers in villages close to the front; her "beauty has cheered many a man about to die, or brought him back from the clutch of death", wrote Maude Radford Warren, a Canadian reporter, in 1917.

Praince performed in French productions in London, including the revue Plantons les capucines (1914). In 1921 she appeared in three Louis Verneuil plays on the London stage: Le traité d'Auteuil, L'honneur de Letournel, and La jeune fille au bain. She was in a French adaptation of Harvey at the Theatre Antoine in 1950.

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
The Collected Short Fiction of C. J. Cherryh
The Collected Short Fiction of C. J. Cherryh is a collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories, novelettes and novella written by American author C. J. Cherryh between 1977 and 2004. It was first published by DAW Books in 2004. This collection includes the contents of two previous Cherryh collections, Sunfall (1981) and Visible Light (1986), all of the stories from Glass and Amber (1987), stories originally published in other collections and magazines, and one story written specifically for this collection ("MasKs"). Cherryh's 1978 Hugo Award winning story, "Cassandra" is also included.

The Collected Short Fiction of C. J. Cherryh was voted the second best collection in the 2005 Locus Awards.

DAW Books
DAW Books is an American science fiction and fantasy publisher, founded by Donald A. Wollheim,  with his wife, Elsie B. Wollheim, following his departure from Ace Books in 1971. The company claims to be "the first publishing company ever devoted exclusively to science fiction and fantasy." The first DAW Book published was the 1972 short story collection Spell of the Witch World by Andre Norton.
Igor Kalinauskas
Igor Kalinauskas (Russian: Калинаускас Игорь Николаевич, Lithuanian: Igoris Kalinauskas, born Igor Nikolayevich Nikolayev; 7 February 1945 – 25 August 2025) was a Russian artist, theater director, singer and a member of the vocal  Duo Zikr.

Christina Katrakis
Christina Katrakis is an International coordinator and curator, writer, artist, Ambassador for the Foundation for United Nations SDG,  in charge of the Humanitarian Aid Base FFUNSDG-HELP.UA in Vorokhta, Ukraine as an Ambassador for International Relations, Foundation for United Nations SDG. International Political Coordinator for The Delahunt Group & BGR, International Investment Coordinator for the Andesite Blue LLC British Investment Fund, an official international coordinator of the United Nations Agenda 2030 SDG Global initiative in partnership with the FFUN, and official international coordinator of UNESCO for the UNESCO Center of Bologna, producer in Hollywood MO’z art pictures and Visionairemedia, an American artist (sculptor, painter) and writer. She is a US citizen.
JNR Class D52
The Class D52 is a type of 2-8-2 steam locomotive built by the Japanese Government Railways (Now Japanese National Railways) and various manufacturers: Kisha Seizo, Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Hitachi, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries from 1943 to 1946. The name consists of a "D" for the four sets of driving wheels and the class number 52 for tender locomotives that the numbers 50 through 99 were assigned to under the 1928 locomotive classification rule.

Nippon Sharyo
Nippon Sharyo, Ltd.  (日本車輌製造株式会社, Nippon Sharyō Seizō kabushiki gaisha; literally "Japan Rolling Stock Manufacture Company" and formerly known outside Japan as Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha, Ltd.), formed in 1896, is a major rolling stock, heavy equipment, generator, special purpose vehicle and bridge manufacturer based in Nagoya, Japan. In 1996, it abbreviated its name to "日本車両" Nippon Sharyō. Its shortest abbreviation is Nissha "日車". It was a listed company on Nikkei 225 until 2004. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange as ticker 7102. In 2008, Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) became the majority shareholder (50.1%) of the financially struggling Nippon Sharyo making the firm a "consolidated subsidiary" of JR Central. In July 2012 Nippon Sharyo USA started production in their new facility in Rochelle, Illinois. The facility closed at the end of October 2018 due to a lack of orders.
Ed Bush Stadium
The Ed Bush Stadium is an multi-sport stadium in West Bay, Cayman Islands, used mostly as an association football venue. The stadium is one of the venues for the Cayman Islands Premier League and has hosted matches of the Cayman Islands national football team.

Cayman Islands national football team
The Cayman Islands national football team represents the Cayman Islands (British overseas territory) in men's international football, which is governed by the Cayman Islands Football Association founded in 1966. It has been a member of FIFA and CONCACAF since 1992. Regionally, it is a member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Cayman Islands has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup and the CONCACAF Gold Cup, but has participated four times in League C of the CONCACAF Nations League. Regionally, the team finished in fourth place in the Caribbean Cup as hosts in 1995.

Cayman Islands' debut in international competitions was in the first qualifying round of the 1985 CFU Championship. Their first appearance in World Cup qualifiers was in the 1998 CONCACAF qualification. The team achieved its first victory in 1990, defeating Aruba 2–1.
WNNC
WNNC (1230 AM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting an oldies music format and licensed to serve the community of Newton, North Carolina, part of the Hickory-Newton-Conover metro area. The station is owned by Newton-Conover Communications, Inc and broadcasts in C-QUAM AM stereo.

C-QUAM
C-QUAM (Compatible QUadrature Amplitude Modulation) is the method of AM stereo broadcasting used in Canada, the United States and most other countries. It was invented in 1977 by Norman Parker, Francis Hilbert, and Yoshio Sakaie, and published in an IEEE journal.

Using circuitry developed by Motorola, C-QUAM uses quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to encode the stereo separation signal. This extra signal is then stripped down in such a way that it is compatible with the envelope detector of older receivers, hence the name C-QUAM for Compatible. A 25 Hz pilot tone is added to trigger receivers; unlike its counterpart in FM radio, this carrier is not necessary for the reconstruction of the original audio sources.
Marianne Marchand
Marianne Helena Marchand is a political scientist, researcher, feminist, and scholar whose academic work focuses on the intersections of international relations, globalization, gender studies, and migration. Since the mid-1990s, she has published extensively in academic journals such as Third World Quarterly, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, and International Studies Quarterly, exploring critical and poststructuralist feminist perspectives on global restructuring, development, and transnational mobility. She is recognized for her contributions to feminist international relations theory and the study of gender and borders in global political economy.

International Studies Quarterly
International Studies Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of international studies and an official journal of the International Studies Association. It was established in 1959 and is published by Oxford University Press. Oxford Academic reports the journal's impact factor, as of September 2024, is 2.4. As of 2024, the journal has a five-year impact factor of 3.4. The Lead Editors are Sam R. Bell, Elena McLean, and Jeffrey Pickering.
Cola de Zorro Formation
Cola de Zorro Formation (Spanish: Formación Cola de Zorro) is a geological formation cropping out along the Argentina-Chile border and composed of volcano-sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks. It extends along the Andes between the latitudes of 36 and 39° S.

Trachyte
Trachyte (/ˈtreɪkaɪt, ˈtræk-/) is an extrusive igneous rock composed mostly of alkali feldspar. It is usually light-colored and aphanitic (fine-grained), with minor amounts of mafic minerals, and is formed by the rapid cooling of lava (or shallow intrusions) enriched with silica and alkali metals. It is the volcanic equivalent of syenite.

Trachyte is common wherever alkali magma is erupted, including in late stages of ocean island volcanism and in continental rift valleys, above mantle plumes, and in areas of back-arc extension. Trachyte has also been found in Gale crater on Mars.

Trachyte has been used as decorative building stone and was extensively used as dimension stone in the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice.
Girl from Mars
"Girl from Mars" is a song by Northern Irish band Ash, the second to be released from their debut studio album, 1977 (1996). The song was written by Tim Wheeler when he was sixteen and was played by the band on their first Top of the Pops appearance two weeks after their A-level exams. It was released on 31 July 1995 on CD, 7-inch vinyl, and cassette formats. "Girl from Mars" was Ash's first top-forty single, reaching number 11 on the UK Singles Chart, number five on the Icelandic Singles Chart and number 16 on the Irish Singles Chart. It also peaked at number 86 in Australia in March 1997.

The song is included on the greatest hits collection Intergalactic Sonic 7″s, the soundtrack to the television program Gilmore Girls "Our Little Corner of the World", and live versions can be found on their Live at the Wireless album, the Tokyo Blitz DVD and the Numbskull EP. The track has also been used by NASA as the hold music on their telephone lines.

Irish Singles Chart
The Irish Singles Chart is the Republic of Ireland's music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) and compiled on their behalf by the Official Charts Company. Chart rankings are based on sales, which are compiled through over-the-counter retail data captured electronically each day from retailers' EPOS systems. All major record shops, digital retailers and streaming services contribute to the chart, accounting for over 95% of the market. A new chart is compiled and released to the public by the Irish Recorded Music Association on Friday at noon. Each chart is dated with the "week-ending" date of the previous Thursday (i.e., the day before issue). The singles chart was first published on 1 October 1962, and covered the top ten singles of the previous week by record label shipments.

As of the issue dated 27 February 2026, the current number-one single on the chart is "Rein Me In" by Sam Fender and Olivia Dean.
Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum
An attack on the Saudi embassy in Khartoum took place on 1 March 1973. It was carried out by the Black September Organization. Ten diplomats from several countries were taken hostage. After President Richard Nixon stated that he refused to negotiate with terrorists, and insisted that "no concessions" would be made, one Belgian and two U.S. hostages were killed.

The Herald Journal
The Herald Journal is a newspaper in Logan, Utah, United States, and serves the Cache Valley area of Northern Utah and Southeastern Idaho which includes Cache County, Utah and Franklin County, Idaho. It is published three times each week and delivered via the mail on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
Zaporizhzhia-1 railway station
Zaporizhzhia-1 railway station (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя I) is the main train station in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. The station is located on an electrified Synelnykove — Zaporizhzhia — Fedorivka line and is one of the four railway stations in the city.

The station opened during the construction of Lozova  — Sevastopol railway on 5 November 1873. The new building was constructed in 1954, after the original was destroyed in World War II. The building of the station is a monument of architecture of regional significance.

In 2018, the Zaporizhzhia-1 railway station was included in the top-10 busiest railway stations in Ukraine, serving 2.1 million long-distance passengers.

Sevastopol railway station
Sevastopol (Russian: Севастополь, Ukrainian: Севастополь) is the main railway station in the city of Sevastopol in Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine, but de facto under control and administration of Russia. It is the terminus of the main line Moscow–Sevastopol. The station was opened in 1875.
Sardis, southeast Pembrokeshire
Sardis is a small village in Pembrokeshire, belonging to the Community of Saundersfoot. It lies just south of Stepaside and northwest of Wisemans Bridge in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. The area is busier during the summer months when tourists stay at the nearby caravan parks in Wisemans Bridge and Amroth. It contains a small chapel called Sardis Congregational Church, established in 1808 in the northern part of the village.

Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro) is a national park along the Pembrokeshire coast in west Wales.

It was established as a National Park in 1952. It is one of the three National parks of Wales, the others being the Brecon Beacons and Snowdonia. It is the only national park in the United Kingdom to consist largely of coastal landscapes.