hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Fuqua
Ivan William Fuqua (August 11, 1909 – January 14, 1994) was an American athlete, a gold medal winner in the 4 × 400 m relay at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He was a sophomore at Indiana University and was IU's first Olympic Gold Medalist. Their team set a world record that stood for 20 years. He was inducted into the IU Athletics Hall of Fame in 1988. Fuqua was born in Decatur, Illinois, and graduated from Brazil High School in Brazil, Indiana, where he set multiple track and field school records. He then went on to play football and excel in track and field at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.

Decatur, Illinois
Decatur (/dɪˈkeɪtər/ dih-KAY-tər) is the largest city in Macon County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The city was founded in 1829 and is situated along the Sangamon River and Lake Decatur in Central Illinois. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 70,522. It is the 17th-most populous city in Illinois and the "fastest shrinking city" in Illinois. Decatur has an economy based on industrial and agricultural commodity processing and production. The city is home to Millikin University and Richland Community College.
Who Stole the American Dream?
Who Stole the American Dream? is a non-fiction book by the American author and journalist Hedrick Smith published in 2012 by Random House.

It describes the consolidation of wealth in the United States, and the dismantling of the middle class. As a result, the American Dream—a national ethos, or a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work—is becoming increasingly unattainable.

Although Smith's distinguished journalistic career includes covering the Vietnam War, the Pentagon Papers, and the civil rights movement, serving as the Moscow Bureau Chief for the New York Times, writing a #1 bestseller, and working on 26 prime-time specials for PBS, he views this book as "'absolutely' his most significant achievement."

Ethos
Ethos is a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology; and the balance between caution and passion. The Greeks also used this word to refer to the power of music to influence emotions, behaviors, and even morals. Early Greek stories of Orpheus exhibit this idea in a compelling way. The word's use in rhetoric is closely based on the Greek terminology used by Aristotle in his concept of the three artistic proofs or modes of persuasion alongside pathos and logos. It gives credit to the speaker, or the speaker is taking credit.
Percy Farrant
Percy Robert Farrant (25 April 1868 – 4 September 1921) was a Welsh first-class cricketer and educator.

The son of Robert Farrant, he was born at Llandudno in April 1868. He was educated at Repton School, before going up to New College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1890, against the touring Australians and the Gentlemen of England, though without much success in either match, with Farrant taking one wicket, that of the Gentlemen of England's Ernest Coxon, in addition to scoring 12 runs.

After graduating from Oxford, Farrant was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Worcestershire and Warwickshire Volunteer Artillery in July 1892, with promotion to lieutenant coming in November 1893. He resigned his commission in February 1894. After leaving the Volunteer Artillery, Farrant became an assistant master at Malvern College. He died aboard SS Ortega off the coast of the Maldives in September 1921.

Llandudno
Llandudno (/lænˈdɪdnoʊ/, Welsh: [ɬanˈdɨdnɔ] ⓘ) is a seaside resort, town and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located on the Creuddyn peninsula, which protrudes into the Irish Sea. In the 2021 UK census, the community – which includes Gogarth, Penrhyn Bay, Craigside, Glanwydden, Penrhynside, and Bryn Pydew – had a population of 19,700 (rounded to the nearest 100). The town's name means "Church of Saint Tudno".

Llandudno is a major seaside resort in Wales, and as early as 1861 was being called 'the Queen of the Welsh Watering Places' (a phrase later also used in connection with Tenby and Aberystwyth; the word 'resort' came a little later). Historically a part of Caernarfonshire, Llandudno was formerly in the district of Aberconwy within Gwynedd until 1996.
Laurina Fazer
Laurina Monique Fazer (born 13 October 2003) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for San Diego Wave FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and the France national team.

Trophées UNFP du football
The Trophées UNFP du football are a number of awards given annually by the Union Nationale des Footballeurs Professionnels (UNFP) to players playing in France's Ligue 1, Ligue 2, and Division 1 Féminine, as well as to managers and referees. The most prestigious award is the Ligue 1 Player of the Year. Created in 1988 under the name Oscars du football, they were renamed in 2004 after a complaint by the Academy Awards committee. The ceremony has been broadcast live on Canal+ since 1994.
Mandeep Kaur (cricketer)
Mandeep Kaur (born 8 September 1988) is a Delhiite cricketer. She initially played for Assam and East zone, Since 2012 she has played for Delhi and North zone. She has played four First-class, fifty List A and thirty-one Twenty20 matches.

North Zone women's cricket team
The North Zone women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents northern India in the Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day and Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20. It is a composite team of players from five teams from northern India: Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. They were formed in 1974–75 to play in the Rani Jhansi Trophy, which they competed in until 2002–03, when the competition ended. They then competed in the Inter Zone Women's One Day Competition, which they won once, in 2011–12, and then in the Inter Zone Women's Three Day Competition, in which they won the final edition of the tournament, in 2017–18. They won the inaugural edition of the Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day in 2022–23.
Solar eclipse of November 14, 2050
A partial solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, November 14, 2050, with a magnitude of 0.8874. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

The partial solar eclipse will be visible for parts of the Northeastern United States, eastern Canada, Greenland, Europe, West Africa, and North Africa.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
James Erwin (politician)
James Erwin (November 27, 1920 – July 14, 2005) was an American politician and attorney from Maine. According to his 2005 obituary, Erwin was "born in New York City and grew up in Englewood, N.J. He spent his summers on his mother's family's farm in South Berwick, which is now the site of Berwick Academy. He graduated from Dartmouth College and served in the Army during World War II. He served as Maine Attorney General from 1967 to 1971 and was thrice a candidate for Governor of Maine as a Republican – he was the nominee in the 1970 and 1974 elections, and was defeated in the Republican primary in 1966.

Maine Republican Party
The Maine Republican Party is an affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Maine. It was founded in Strong, Maine, on August 7, 1854. The party currently does not control the governor's office or either chamber of the Maine Legislature, nor either of Maine's two U.S. House. The only federal elected office that the party controls is one of Maine's two U.S. Senate seats, currently held by Susan Collins.
Cindy & The Saffrons
Cindy & The Saffrons was a UK vocal group, comprising Joanne Whalley as "Cindy" and Lindsay Neil and Sally Stairs as The Saffrons.

In 1982 at Abbey Road Studios, they recorded a cover of the Shangri-Las' song "Past, Present and Future".  It peaked at #56 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1983.  The same year their version of "Terry", originally by Twinkle, was released. The group split up soon thereafter, and Whalley concentrated on her career as an actress.

The Shangri-Las
The Shangri-Las were an American girl group of the 1960s, consisting of Mary Weiss, her sister Elizabeth "Betty" Weiss and twin sisters Marguerite "Marge" Ganser and Mary Ann Ganser. Between 1964 and 1966 several hit pop songs of theirs documented teen tragedies and melodramas. They continue to be known for their hits "Remember (Walking in the Sand)", "Give Him a Great Big Kiss", and in particular, "Leader of the Pack", which went to number 1 in the United States in late 1964. Following the death of Mary Weiss in 2024, her sister Betty is the only living member of the group.
Refraction microtremor
Refraction microtremor (ReMi) is a surface-performed geophysical survey developed by Dr. John Louie (and others) based on previously existing principles of evaluating surface waves and in particular Rayleigh waves. The refraction microtremor technology was developed at the University of Nevada and is owned by the State of Nevada. Optim of Reno, Nevada has the exclusive license to develop the technology, and SeisOpt® ReMi™ has been available commercially from Optim since 2004. Since Rayleigh waves are dispersive, the propagating waves are measured along a linear seismic array and evaluated relative to wave frequency and slowness (or the inverse of the velocity). Due to the dispersive characteristics of higher frequency waves travelling through the more shallow conditions and lower frequency waves passing through deeper materials, a 1-D subsurface profile can be generated based on the velocity with depth.

Surface wave
In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.  A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves.  Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities.  Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids, such as Rayleigh or Love waves.  Electromagnetic waves can also propagate as "surface waves" in that they can be guided along with a refractive index gradient or along an interface between two media having different dielectric constants. In radio transmission, a ground wave is a guided wave that propagates close to the surface of the Earth.
George Bucci
George P. Bucci Jr. (born July 9, 1953) is an American former basketball player.

He played collegiately for the Manhattan College.

He was selected by the Buffalo Braves in the third round (52nd pick overall) of the 1975 NBA draft and by the New York Nets in the 1975 ABA Draft.

He played for the New York Nets in the American Basketball Association (ABA) during the 1975–76 season and won an ABA championship with them. He was not used much as their 5th guard, and during the season the team permitted him to start an oil distribution company.

The Net's cut Bucci before the 1976–77 season. From 1977 until 1992 he played in the Lega Basket Serie A

In the 1990s he was elected to political office, as councilman and later supervisor of Newburgh, New York.

In 2018, Bucci was inducted into MAAC Honor Roll.

Manhattan University
Manhattan University (previously Manhattan College) is a private, Catholic university in New York City, New York, US. Originally established in 1853 by the De La Salle Christian Brothers (Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools) as an academy for day students, it was later incorporated as an institution of higher education through a charter granted by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1922, it moved from Manhattan to the Riverdale section of the Bronx, roughly 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north of its original location on 131st Street in Manhattanville.
Beats of the Antonov
Beats of the Antonov is a documentary film released in 2014. It is a Sudanese-South African coproduction, directed by Sudanese filmmaker Hajooj Kuka and produced by Hajooj Kuka and Steven Markovitz. The film documents the Sudan–SRF conflict in the Blue Nile and Nuba Mountains regions, focusing in particular on the role of music in helping the affected communities to sustain themselves culturally and spiritually in the face of the ongoing conflict.

This documentary, that "put Sudan's name on the screen of world cinema", was made over a period of two years, with film director Hajooj Kuka residing among the people of the Nuba Mountains in Southern Sudan.

Blue Nile State
Blue Nile State (Arabic: ولاية النيل الأزرق Wilāyat an-Nīl al-ʾAzraq) is one of the 18 states of the Republic of the Sudan. Established by Presidential Decree No. 3 in 1992, it is named after the Blue Nile River. The region is host to around forty different ethnic groups. Its economic activity is based on agriculture and livestock as well as mineral exploitation.
Calophyllum elegans
Calophyllum elegans is a species of tropical flowering plants in the family Calophyllaceae. It grows as a 9.1 m (30 feet) tall tree. It is an endangered species native to Borneo, where it is confined to Sarawak.

It grows on sandy clay soil at the edge of swamp forest, kerangas forest, and mixed dipterocarp forests below 580 meters elevation.

Sundaland heath forests
The Sundaland heath forests, also known as Kerangas forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangka, which lie to the west of Borneo.
Docohammus
Docohammus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Docohammus bennigseni Aurivillius, 1908

Docohammus flavescens Breuning, 1938

Docohamus orientalis Breuning, 1986

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
The men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place on September 4. This swimming event uses medley swimming as a relay. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool, each using a different stroke. The first on each team used the backstroke, the second used the breaststroke, the third used the butterfly stroke, and the final swimmer used freestyle (restricted to not allow any of the first three strokes to be used, though nearly all swimmers use front crawl regardless).

The first swimmer must touch the wall before the next can leave the starting block, and so forth; timing of the starts is thus important.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Chinese Peak (Idaho)
Chinese Peak is a summit in Bannock County, Idaho, in the United States. This peak is the highest point in the portion of the Portneuf Range called the Pocatello Range. With an elevation of 6,791 feet (2,070 m), Chinese Peak is the 1069th highest summit in the state of Idaho. The peak is a fire lookout site and a road/bike trail leads to the top.

Formerly called Chinks Peak, the summit was named for a Chinese man who died near the summit in the 1890s. Following controversy over the use of ethnic slur "chink", the name was officially changed by the Geographic Names Information System in 2001.

Chink
Chink may be used as a English-language ethnic slur usually referring to a person of Chinese descent, but also used to insult people with East Asian features. However, "chink" is also a legitimate English noun according to Merriam-Webster describing: (1) a small cleft, slit, or fissure; (2) a weak spot that may leave one vulnerable; or (3) a narrow beam of light shining through a chink. It is also used as a verb where "chinking" describes caulking cracks and slits in construction work as building log houses.
Mihailo Đurić
Mihailo Đurić (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Ђурић; 22 August 1925 – 25 November 2011) was one of Serbia's most prominent philosophers. He was a professor at the University of Belgrade's Law School and member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Within the frame of ancient Greek culture, he studied philosophy, law, politics and history, but also modern political theory and ethics. A majority of his works are within the field of philosophy and method of sociology, history of political theories and political science. In the past two decades, his work was mainly devoted to the study of Nietzsche and Heidegger.

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica; Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, romanized: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (Serbian: Друштво србске словесности, ДСС, romanized: Društvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS).

The Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo Andrić, Leopold Ružička, Vladimir Prelog, Glenn T. Seaborg, Mikhail Sholokhov, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Peter Handke as well as, Josif Pančić, Jovan Cvijić, Branislav Petronijević, Vlaho Bukovac, Mihajlo Pupin, Nikola Tesla, Milutin Milanković, Mihailo Petrović-Alas, Mehmed Meša Selimović, Danilo Kiš, Paja Jovanović, Dmitri Mendeleev, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Jacob Grimm, Antonín Dvořák, Henry Moore and many other scientists, scholars and artists of Serbian and foreign origin.
Gregory (given name)
The masculine first name Gregory or Grégory derives from the Latin name "Gregorius", which came from the late Greek name "Γρηγόριος" (Grēgórios) meaning "watchful, alert" (derived from "ἐγείρω" "egeiro" meaning "to awaken, arouse"). (See also the egrḗgoroi or Watcher angels in Second Book of Enoch).

Through folk etymology, the name also became associated with Latin grex (stem greg–) meaning "flock" or "herd". This association with a shepherd who diligently guides his flock contributed to the name's popularity among monks and popes.

Sixteen popes and two antipopes have used the name Gregorius, starting with Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great). It is tied with Benedict as the second-most popular name for popes, after John.

Although the name was uncommon in the early 20th century, after the popularity of the actor Gregory Peck it became one of the ten most common male names in the United States in the 1950s and has remained popular since.

Shepherd
A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations; it exists in many parts of the globe, and it is an important part of pastoralist animal husbandry.

Because the occupation is so widespread, many religions and cultures have symbolic or metaphorical references to shepherds. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd, and ancient Greek mythologies highlighted shepherds such as Endymion and Daphnis. This symbolism and shepherds as characters are at the center of pastoral literature and art.
Bucculatrix ratisbonensis
Bucculatrix ratisbonensis is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to Italy and from Germany to Russia. It was described in 1861 by Henry Tibbats Stainton.

The wingspan is 7–8 mm. There are two to three generations per year with adults on wing from May to August.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris and Artemisia vulgaris. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Henry Tibbats Stainton
Henry Tibbats Stainton (13 August 1822 – 2 December 1892) was an English entomologist. He served as an editor for two popular entomology periodicals of his period, The Entomologist's Annual and The Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer.
Ashwani Tyagi
Ashwani Tyagi is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is serving as a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council and President of the western area of Bharatiya Janata Party, Uttar Pradesh.

Bharatiya Janata Party – Uttar Pradesh
Bharatiya Janata Party – Uttar Pradesh, or , (BJP Uttar Pradesh) is the affiliate of Bharatiya Janata Party in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its head office is situated at the BJP Bhavan, 7, Vidhan Sabha Marg, Lucknow.
Androsterone glucuronide
Androsterone glucuronide (ADT-G) is a major circulating and urinary metabolite of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It accounts for 93% of total androgen glucuronides in women. ADT-G is formed from androsterone by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, with the major enzymes being UGT2B15 and UGT2B17. It is a marker of acne in women while androstanediol glucuronide is a marker of hirsutism (excess hair growth) in women.

UGT2B17
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT2B17 gene.

UGT2B17 belongs to the family of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs; EC 2.4.1.17), enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid from uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid to a variety of substrates, including steroid hormones.[supplied by OMIM] It also metabolizes 3-hydroxycotinine, which is minor nicotine metabolite
Elversstein
The Elversstein in the Harz Mountains of Germany is a granite rock formation with a maximum elevation of 499 m above sea level (NN) on the Steinberg (ca. 525 m above NN) near Hasserode in the county of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt.

Normalnull
Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (NHN).