hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swartwout
Swartwout is a Dutch surname, a variant of Swarthout (literally, black skin). Notable people with it include:

Cornelius Swartwout (1839–1910), American inventor

Egerton Swartwout (1870–1943), American architect
Tracy and Swartwout, an architectural firm in New York City

Frederick Swartwout Cozzens (1818–1869), American humorist

Jacobus Swartwout (1734–1827), American landowner, statesman and military leader

Robert Swartwout (1779–1848), American military officer, merchant and alderman

Robert Egerton Swartwout (1905–1951), American-born author, poet and cartoonist

Roeloff Swartwout (1634–1715), Dutch settler in America

Samuel Swartwout (1783–1856), American soldier, merchant and politician
Swartwout–Hoyt scandal, a political scandal in 1829

Thomas Samuel Swartwout (1660–1723), American settler

Tomys Swartwout (1607–1660), Dutch merchant, ancestor of Robert Swartwout

Robert Swartwout
Brigadier General Robert Swartwout (December 8, 1779 – July 17, 1848) was an American military officer, merchant, alderman, and Navy agent of New York City. He was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, the son of the American Revolutionary War military veteran Captain Abraham Swartwout (1743–1799) and descendant of Tomys Swartwout.
Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2014–15
The Zimbabwe cricket team toured Bangladesh from 26 October to 1 December 2014. The tour consisted of three Test matches and five One Day International matches. Bangladesh won the Test series 3–0 and the ODI series 5–0.

Zimbabwe national cricket team
The Zimbabwe men's national cricket team, also known as the Chevrons, represents Zimbabwe in men's international cricket and is overseen by Zimbabwe Cricket. Zimbabwe has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1992. As of October 2025, Zimbabwe was ranked 11th by the ICC in all three formats of the game: Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 internationals (T20Is).
Ghislain Barbe
Ghislain Barbe is a Canadian illustrator and artist. He is best known for designing the visual aspects of the Heavy Gear science fiction franchise in the 1990s and early 2000s. He was also responsible for the overall graphics of publisher Dream Pod 9's role-playing game lines Jovian Chronicles and Tribe 8, along with some other works, for which he illustrated nearly a hundred books.

He also created the visuals for the characters of PBS's educational cartoon TV series Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat and collaborated to several other shows such as CinéGroupe's Lion of oz and the badge of courage and Pig City.

In the videogames industry, apart from art directing console games (Teen Titans, Monster House, Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings), he designed some of the newer characters of the Carmen Sandiego franchise, such as Cole Gannon and the V.I.L.E. Bots for the video game Carmen Sandiego: The Secret of the Stolen Drums.

Pig City (TV series)
Pig City is an animated television series co-produced by CinéGroupe, AnimaKids, and Red Rover Studios in association with MM Merchandisingmedia GmbH and original networks Teletoon in Canada, ProSieben in Germany, and Fox Kids internationally. Thirty-nine half-hour episodes were produced.
Fluidic force microscopy
Fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy, and is typically used on a standard inverted light microscope.

The unique characteristic of FluidFM is that it introduces microscopic channels into AFM probes. Those channels can have an aperture of less than 300 nm, or 500 times thinner than a human hair. This nanometric features enables the handling of liquid volumes at the femtoliter (fL) scale as well as force controlled manipulations of sub-micron objects. Via the nanofluidic channels, substances can for example be inserted into single cells or cells can be isolated from a confluent layer.

Inverted microscope
An inverted microscope is a microscope with its light source and condenser on the top, above the stage pointing down, while the objectives and turret are below the stage pointing up. It was invented in 1850 by J. Lawrence Smith, a faculty member of Tulane University (then named the Medical College of Louisiana).
Pentland Hills (ward)
Pentland Hills is one of the seventeen wards used to elect members of the City of Edinburgh Council. Established in 2007 along with the other wards, it mainly covers the villages and suburban developments in the south-west hinterland beyond the A720 Edinburgh city bypass road (Baberton, Balerno, Currie, Juniper Green and Ratho, plus the campus of Heriot-Watt University), up to the boundaries with West Lothian, Midlothian and a small border with the Scottish Borders at the edge of the Pentland Hills.

Initially electing three councillors, within the bypass it covered the Kingsknowe neighbourhood and the southern part of the Wester Hailes housing scheme plus its smaller neighbour Clovenstone; the boundaries were redrawn for the 2017 election, losing Kingsknowe but gaining the northern part of Wester Hailes plus the Calders area, with the population increasing and four councillors being returned. In 2019, the ward had a population of 32,703.

Balerno
Balerno (/bəˈlɜːrnoʊ/) is a village on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Scotland situated 8 miles (13 kilometres) south-west of the city centre, next to Currie and then Juniper Green. Traditionally in the county of Midlothian it now administratively falls within the jurisdiction of the City of Edinburgh Council. The village lies at the confluence of the Water of Leith and the Bavelaw Burn. In the 18th and 19th century, the area was home to several mills using waterpower. In the 2Oth century, the mills closed and the village now forms a residential suburb of Edinburgh,
TV4 Fakta
TV4 Fakta is a Swedish documentary television channel owned by the TV4 Group. It started broadcasting in 2005.

Much of the programming is taken from A+E Networks.  Since December 2005, the remainder of the schedule has been filled with the English language version of Euronews. The TV4 Group bought a stake in Euronews in June 2006.

TV4 Fakta was the first channel owned by the TV4 Group that was not broadcast from Sweden. It is broadcast from Finland, where the advertising laws are more liberal. In November 2006, a Finnish version of the channel, called MTV3 Fakta, was launched in cooperation with MTV3. The channels have been broadcasting from Sweden since 2009. A version for Norway was launched in 2010.

A+E Global Media
A&E Television Networks, LLC, doing business as A+E Global Media (formerly A+E Networks) is an American multinational broadcasting company owned and operated as a 50–50 joint venture between Hearst Communications and the Walt Disney Company through the General Entertainment Content unit of its Entertainment division. It owns several non-fiction and entertainment-based television brands, including A&E, History Channel, Lifetime, FYI and their associated sister channels, as well as holding stakes in, or licenses, their international branches.
Live n Livin
Live n Livin is the seventh studio album by Jamaican dancehall musician Sean Paul, released on 12 March 2021 by his label Dutty Rock Productions. Recorded in Jamaica in various studios, It features collaborations with Assassin, Bugle, Buju Banton, Busy Signal, Chi Ching Ching, Damian Marley, Govana, Intence, Jesse Royal, Leftside, Looga Man, Masicka, Mavado, Mutabaruka, Ras Ajai, Serani, Skillibeng, Sotto Bless, Squash, Stonebwoy, and Suku Ward 21.

Live n Livin debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard Reggae Albums with 1,000 album equivalent units. The album would also receive a Grammy nomination for Best Reggae Album at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards.

Album-equivalent unit
The album-equivalent unit, or album equivalent, often shortened to just unit, is a sales metric in the music industry that defines the number of songs streamed and songs downloaded equal to one album sale. The album-equivalent unit was introduced in the mid-2010s as an answer to the drop of album sales in the 21st century. Album sales more than halved from 1999 to 2009, declining from a $14.6 to $6.3 billion industry, partly due to cheap digitally downloaded singles. For instance, the only albums that went platinum in the United States in 2014 were the Frozen soundtrack and Taylor Swift's 1989, whereas several albums had gone platinum in 2013.

The use of album-equivalent units transformed the music charts from a ranking of best-selling albums into a ranking of most popular albums. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) have used album-equivalent unit to measure their Global Recording Artist of the Year since 2013.
Manuel Dammert
Manuel Dammert Ego Aguirre (8 March 1949 – 25 March 2021) was a Peruvian politician and sociologist. He served in the Congress of the Republic of Peru for Lima Metropolitana from 1980 to 1992 and 2013 to 2019.

Lima metropolitan area
The Lima Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana de Lima, also known as Lima Metropolitana) is an area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian provinces of Lima (the nation's capital) and Callao. It is the largest of the metropolitan areas of Peru, the seventh largest in the Americas, the fourth largest in Latin America, and among the thirty largest in the world. The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s.

The metropolitan area is composed of five subregions. These are Lima Norte, Lima Sur, Lima Este, Central Lima, and Callao. Its estimated 2020 population is over 11 million according to the INEI.
Buhl Bull Pup
The Buhl LA-1 Bull Pup was a light sports airplane developed in the United States in 1930. It was a mid-wing wire-braced monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage and an open cockpit for the pilot. Buhl developed the Bull Pup as a cheap aircraft through which the company hoped to remain in business as the onset of the Great Depression was felt. However, as the economic situation worsened, it became evident that there was no demand for even such a basic aircraft; when production ceased in 1932, all aircraft still in stock were sold off at half price as the company folded.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
2001 Nokia New Zealand Film Awards
The 2001 Nokia New Zealand Film Awards were held on 10 November 2001 at the St James Theatre in Wellington, New Zealand. To better suit the release schedule of the film industry, the date of the awards ceremony was moved from a mid-year date of previous years to November. The awards were presented by the New Zealand Academy of Film and Television Arts and sponsored by Nokia New Zealand who also sponsored the Nokia New Zealand Film Awards Scholarship, awarded to a film student. The awards presentation featured a tribute to director John O'Shea.

Rain (2001 film)
Rain is a 2001 New Zealand drama film directed by Christine Jeffs. A debut film by Jeffs, it was released in New Zealand in 2001 and internationally in 2002. It concerns the coming of age of 13-year-old Janey, and is based on the novel Rain, written by Kirsty Gunn. Rain was produced by Philippa Campbell.
Software Patent Institute
Software Patent Institute (established 1992 in Ann Arbor) is an American non-profit corporation established to assist in the correct assignment of software patent.  It originally had the name University of Michigan Software Patent Institute, as it was established by the Industrial Technology Institute, represented by professor Bernard Galler.
It maintains a  Database of software technologies, since 1995 open to the public, covering the folklore of software industry and provides courses, the SPI reporter bulletin, and other educational materials.   The institute was disputed on its arrival (in particular by League for Programming Freedom), but has nevertheless received financial support from Usenix as well as commercial software companies as Oracle Corporation, IBM, Apple Inc. and Microsoft.  Its executive director is Roland J. Cole, based in Indianapolis.

Software industry
The software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different business models, mainly either "license/maintenance based" (on-premises) or "Cloud based" (such as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, MBaaS, MSaaS, DCaaS etc.). The industry also includes software services, such as training, documentation, consulting and data recovery. The software and computer services industry spends more than 11% of its net sales for Research & Development which is in comparison with other industries the second highest share after pharmaceuticals & biotechnology.
2024 Asian Women's U18 Volleyball Championship
The 2024 Asian Women's U18 Volleyball Championship was the 15th edition of the Asian Women's U18 Volleyball Championship, a biennial international women's volleyball tournament organized by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC), in 2024 with the Thailand Volleyball Association (TVA), for the under–18 women's national teams of Asia. The tournament was held in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, from 16 to 23 June 2024.

Same as previous editions, the tournament acted as the AVC qualifiers for the FIVB Volleyball Girls' U19 World Championship. The top four teams qualified for the 2025 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U19 World Championship as AVC's representatives.

A total of 13 teams played in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2007 eligible to participate.

China won their fifth title of the tournament after sweeping Japan in the final. Chinese Taipei defeated Thailand in the third place match (3–0).

FIVB Volleyball Girls' U19 World Championship
The FIVB Volleyball Girls' U19 World Championship is the world championship of volleyball for female players under the age of 19 organized by Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). It was held in U18 age group until 2021.

The first edition was staged in 1989 in Curitiba, Brazil and tournaments have been played every two years since then. The most recent tournament was hosted by Croatia and Hungary and won by United States.

On 22 March 2022, the FIVB Board of Administration decided to change the age category of the tournament by moving it from U18 to U19 in order to equate it with the Boys' U19 World Championship.

China is the most successful nation in the tournament's history, with four titles and one runner-up. Brazil is the second most successful with three titles and four runners-up.

A corresponding tournament for male players is the FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship.
Lukovit
Lukovit (Bulgarian: Луковит [ˈɫukovit]) is a town in northern Bulgaria, part of Lovech Province. It is situated on both banks of the Zlatna Panega between the Danubian Plain and the foot of Stara Planina. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 9,630.

The town was first mentioned in Ottoman registers of 1430. In 1495, it had 47 households. Between 1683 and 1687, Lukovit was part of an Ottoman process of forceful Islamization, but was never completely converted as late as 1860 when it had 250 Muslim Bulgarian and 260 Eastern Orthodox households. After the Liberation of Bulgaria, all the Muslims left the town.

Buried artefacts from the 4th century BC Thracian culture, the Lukovit Treasure (Bulgarian: Луковитско съкровище) comprising horse brasses made of silver, were found in 1953 near the town.

Liberation of Bulgaria
The Liberation of Bulgaria is the historical process as a result of the Bulgarian Revival. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the Treaty of San Stefano of 3 March 1878. Today Bulgaria observes its National Liberation Day on 3 March.
Motamed
Motamed is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fatemeh Motamed-Arya (born 1961), Iranian actress

Fereydoon Motamed (1917–1993), Iranian professor and linguist

Hossein Khan Motamed (1893–1955), Iranian surgeon

Juliette Motamed, British actress and musician

Maurice Motamed (born 1945), Iranian politician

Mohammad Bagheri Motamed (born 1986), Iranian taekwondo practitioner

Nilou Motamed, American magazine editor and television personality

Noreen Motamed (born 1967), Iranian-American artist and painter

Hossein Khan Motamed
Hossein Khan Motamed, M.D. (also known as Doctor Hossein Khan Motamed) (1893–1955) was an Iranian surgeon and founder of Motamed Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Decorated with first (1925) and second place (1917) for the Scientific Medal of Iran.
Romania at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Romania competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. 124 competitors, 71 men and 53 women, took part in 86 events in 13 sports. Notably, Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation to participate at these Games; all others followed the Soviet Union's boycott of the Games. The Romanian athletes were greeted with warm applause and even a standing ovation from the spectators as they entered the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum during the opening ceremony, in part an affirmation of the nation's defiance of the boycott. The Romanian Olympic team was phenomenally successful at the games, ultimately placing second to the United States in the gold medal tally.

Cornel Marin
Corneliu "Cornel" Marin (born 19 January 1953) is a retired Romanian sabre fencer. He competed at the 1976, 1980 and 1984 Olympics and won team bronze medals in 1976 and 1984. He won three more team medals at the world championships in 1974–1977. In 1977, he was named Best Fencer of the Year in Romania.

As a teenager Marin was trained as a fencer and jeweler. He eventually chose fencing as his profession, and worked as a fencing coach at CSA Steaua București after retiring from competitions in 1985.
Chamaesphecia anthraciformis
Chamaesphecia anthraciformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Italy and on Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia. It is also found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and the Levant.

The larvae feed on Euphorbia nicaeensis, Euphorbia atlantica, Euphorbia myrsinites, Euphorbia ceratocarpa and Euphorbia characia.

Euphorbia ceratocarpa
Euphorbia ceratocarpa is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, native to the Island of Sicily and southern Italy. Growing to 1.7 m (5.6 ft) tall and wide, it is an evergreen perennial or subshrub bearing long, narrow leaves with a prominent white midrib,
and clusters of green and yellow flowers in summer. The flowering period may be extended in favourable locations. It is valued in cultivation for its vivid flowers, and its ability to survive drought conditions. Though hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F) it is seen at its best in a warm, sheltered position. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Like other members of the genus Euphorbia, all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested. When cut it produces a milky sap which may cause intense irritation to hands and eyes.
USS Lawrence
Five United States Navy ships have borne the name USS Lawrence in honor of James Lawrence.

USS Lawrence (1813) was a brig which acted as Commodore Oliver Perry's flagship during the first part of the Battle of Lake Erie until she became unmanageable in that action.

USS Lawrence (1843) was also a brig decommissioned in 1846.

USS Lawrence (DD-8) was a 400-ton Bainbridge-class destroyer, commissioned in 1903 and serving until 1920.

USS Lawrence (DD-250) was a Clemson-class destroyer, serving from 1921 to 1945.

USS Lawrence (DDG-4) was a Charles F. Adams-class destroyer commissioned in 1962, and serving until 1994.

USS Lawrence (DD-250)
The fourth USS Lawrence (DD-250) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was named for James Lawrence.

Lawrence was laid down 14 August 1919 and launched 10 July 1920 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation; sponsored by Miss Ruth Lawrence, and commissioned 18 April 1921.
Catherine Grèze
Catherine Grèze (born 1960) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2014, representing the South-West France constituency.

She is a member of Europe Écologie–The Greens in the Midi-Pyrénées region since 1985 and participate in the Global Greens organization.

In the 2009 European elections, Grèze was the second candidate on the Europe Écologie list in the South-West region, behind José Bové, and was elected to the European Parliament due to the list's surprisingly high 15.82% of the vote in the constituency. She signed the Spinelli Group Manifesto in favour of a Federal Europe.

Midi-Pyrénées
Midi-Pyrénées (French pronunciation: [midi piʁene] ⓘ; Occitan: Miègjorn-Pirenèus [mjɛdˈdʒuɾ piɾeˈnɛws] or Mieidia-Pirenèus [mjejˈði.ɔ piɾeˈnɛws]; Spanish: Mediodía-Pirineos) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Occitania. It was the largest region of Metropolitan France by area, larger than the Netherlands or Denmark.

Midi-Pyrénées has no historical or geographical unity. It is one of the regions of France created in the late 20th century to serve as a hinterland and zone of influence for its capital, Toulouse, one of a handful of so-called "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). Another example of this is the region of Rhône-Alpes which was created as the region for Lyon.
Tulasi Vrindavana
A Tulasi Vrindavana (Sanskrit: तुलसीवृंदावन, romanized: Tulasīvṛndāvana) is a small podium-like stone or cement altar present in front of traditional Hindu houses, housing the sacred tulasi plant. Tulasi is an aromatic plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout the tropics, and widespread as a cultivated plant and an escaped weed.

The structure is also known as Tulasi Thara (Malayalam: തുളസിത്തറ), Tulasi Chaura (Odia: ତୁଳସୀ ଚଉରା), Tulasi Brindavanam (Tamil: துளசி பிருந்தாவனம்), and Tulasi Brundavanam (Telugu: తులసి బృందావనం) in Indian regional languages.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.