hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
RWTH Aachen Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural sciences is one of nine faculties at the RWTH Aachen University. It comprises four sections for mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology. The faculty was founded in 1880 and produced several notable individuals like Arnold Sommerfeld and Nobel Prize laureates Philipp Lenard, Wilhelm Wien, Johannes Stark or Karl Ziegler. Peter Debye studied physics at the RWTH Aachen and won the Nobel Prize in 1936. Furthermore, Helmut Zahn and his team of the Institute for textile chemistry were the first who synthesised Insulin.

The faculty cooperates with Forschungszentrum Jülich and the 4 Fraunhofer Institutes in Aachen. Several projects are assisted by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the European Union. In the academic year 2019/20, approximately 9,700 students are enrolled in the faculty, which makes it the second largest faculty at the RWTH.

Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (German: [ˈaʁnɔlt ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in both atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.

Sommerfeld served as doctoral advisor and postdoctoral advisor to seven Nobel Prize winners and supervised at least 30 other famous physicists and chemists.

Sommerfeld introduced the second quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, and the third quantum number, magnetic quantum number. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory.
Meningeal branch
Meningeal branch (branch of the meninges) can refer to:

Meningeal branches of vertebral artery

Meningeal branch of occipital artery

Meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery

Meningeal branch of vagus nerve

Meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve

Meningeal branches of spinal nerve

Meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve
The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (also known as the nervus spinosus) is a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) that enters the middle cranial fossa through either the foramen spinosum or foramen ovale to innervate the meninges of this fossa as well as the mastoid air cells.
Kirondatal Gold Mine
The Kirondatal Gold Mine (German: Kirondathal, "Kironda Valley") was a gold mine in the Singida Region of Tanzania.

The mine closed in 1950 and exploration rights in the area of the old mine now lay with Barrick Gold, through its subsidiary, Sekenke Exploration Limited, while the wider area around the mine is under exploration by Currie Rose Resources Inc.

Singida Region
Singida Region (Mkoa wa Singida in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. It covers a land area of 49,340 km2 (19,050 sq mi), comparable in size to the nation of Slovakia. The region is bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, to the northeast by Manyara Region, to the east by Dodoma Region, to the southeast by Iringa Region, to the southwest by Mbeya Region and to the west by Tabora Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Singida. 
According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,008,058.
A Hereford Beefstouw
A Hereford Beefstouw is a Danish steakhouse restaurant chain. It was founded in 1971, when the company opened its first restaurant in Herning, Denmark. Since then it has expanded to 12 restaurants in Denmark, along with restaurants in Adelaide, Australia; Nuuk, Greenland; and Gothenburg, Sweden.

Herning
Herning (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhɛɐ̯ne̝ŋ]) is a Danish town in the Central Denmark Region of the Jutland peninsula. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Herning Municipality. Herning has a population of 51,782 (1 January 2025) including the suburbs of Tjørring, Snejbjerg, Lind, Birk, Hammerum, and Gjellerup, making Herning the 12th most populous urban area in Denmark.
Magomed Nurbagandov
Magomed Nurbagandovich Nurbagandov (Russian: Магомед Нурбагандович Нурбагандов, January 9, 1985 — 10 July 2016) was an employee of the Private Security of the Russian Guard for the city of Kaspiysk in the National Guard with the rank of police lieutenant. He was awarded the Hero of Russia posthumously in 2016. He is also the author of the phrase "Work, brothers!", which became a common catchphrase in Russia.

Catchphrase
A catchphrase (alternatively spelled catch phrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts, and typically spread through word of mouth and a variety of mass media (such as films, internet, literature and publishing, television, and radio). Some become the de facto or literal "trademark" or "signature" of the person or character with whom they originated, and can be instrumental in the typecasting of a particular actor. Catchphrases are often humorous, can be (or become) the punch line of a joke, or a callback reminder of a previous joke.
Führersonderzug
The Führersonderzug (from German: "Führer's special train") was Adolf Hitler's personal train. It was named Führersonderzug "Amerika" in 1940, and in January 1943, was renamed the Führersonderzug "Brandenburg". The train served as Hitler's headquarters until the Balkans Campaign. Afterwards, the train was not used as Führer Headquarters (Führerhauptquartier), however Hitler continued to travel on it throughout the war between Berlin, Berchtesgaden, the Wolfsschanze and his other military headquarters.

Otto Dietrich
Jacob Otto Dietrich (31 August 1897 – 22 November 1952) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer during the Nazi era, who served as the Press Chief of the Nazi regime and was a confidant of Adolf Hitler.
Swimming at the 1975 Pan American Games – Women's 200 metre freestyle
The women's 200 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 1975 Pan American Games took place on 20 October. The last Pan American Games champion was Kim Peyton of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.

1975 Pan American Games
The 1975 Pan American Games, officially known as the VII Pan American Games (Spanish: VII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mexico 1975 (Spanish: México 1975), were held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to October 26, 1975, exactly twenty years after the second Pan American Games were held there. It was the third major sporting event held in the Mexican capital in seven years, after the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
Heinz Mayr
Heinz Mayr (born 20 October 1935) is a former German racewalker, who competed for West Germany in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He competed for the clubs Eintracht Braunschweig, TSV Salzgitter and VfL Wolfsburg. He won the national championship in the 50 kilometres race walk in 1961, as well as four German racewalking team championships with Eintracht Braunschweig (also in 1961), Salzgitter (in 1969) and Wolfsburg (in 1973 and 1974).

Mayr competed in the 20 kilometres race walk at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where he finished 13th.

50 kilometres race walk
The 50 kilometre race walk was an Olympic athletics event that first appeared in 1932 and made its final Olympic appearance in 2021. The racewalking event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it.

50 kilometres is approximately 31 miles.

The 50 kilometres race walk was dropped from the Olympic program after the 2020 Tokyo Games in 2021 and was replaced by a mixed team race, the marathon race walk mixed relay in order to achieve gender equality.
Walków
Walków [ˈvalkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osjaków, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Osjaków, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Wieluń, and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Osjaków
Osjaków [ɔsˈjakuf] is a town in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Osjaków. It is located on the Warta River, approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Wieluń and 73 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Yvonne Sehmisch
Yvonne Sehmisch is a paralympic athlete from Germany competing mainly in category T54 sprint events.

Yvonne has competed in the 100 m, 200 m and 400 m at three consecutive Paralympics.  She won bronze medals in the 100 m and 200 m in her first games in 2000.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
2004 Amstel Gold Race
The 2004 Amstel Gold Race was the 39th edition of the annual Amstel Gold Race road bicycle race, held on Sunday April 18, 2004 in the Limburg province, The Netherlands. The race stretched 251.1 kilometres, with the start in Maastricht and the finish in Valkenburg. There were a total of 191 competitors, with 101 riders completing the race.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Arrondissements of the Isère department
The 3 arrondissements of the Isère department are:

Arrondissement of Grenoble, (prefecture of the Isère department: Grenoble) with 263 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 748,885 in 2021.

Arrondissement of La Tour-du-Pin, (subprefecture: La Tour-du-Pin) with 136 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 315,625 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Vienne, (subprefecture: Vienne) with 113 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 220,438 in 2021.

Vienne (department)
Vienne (French pronunciation: [vjɛn] ⓘ vyen; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Viéne) is a landlocked department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. It had a population of 438,435 in 2019.
Hook Me Up
Hook Me Up is the second studio album by Australian duo the Veronicas, which was released on 3 November 2007 (see 2007 in music) by Sire Records. It debuted on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart at number two and has since been certified double platinum. The singles issued from the album were "Hook Me Up", "Untouched", "This Love", "Take Me on the Floor", and "Popular". For the album, the Veronicas were nominated for three awards at ARIA Music Awards of 2008: "Highest Selling Album", "Highest Selling Single", and "Best Pop Release".

Gabriella Cilmi
Gabriella Lucia Cilmi (/ˈtʃɪlmi/ CHIL-mee; Italian: [ˈtʃilmi]; born 10 October 1991) is an Australian pop singer and songwriter. A contralto, Cilmi is known for her distinctive raspy singing voice.

Her debut album, Lessons to Be Learned, was released in March 2008, becoming a moderate international success. Cilmi won six ARIA Music Awards, including Single of the Year and Best Female Artist, in 2008. Her second studio album, Ten, was released in March 2010. Her third studio album, The Sting, was released in November 2013. In November 2019, Cilmi released a six-track EP, The Water, which she called a taste of a yet-to-be-released studio album. Cilmi holds dual Australian-Italian citizenship. In February 2025, Cilmi returned home to Australia to support The Corrs on the Australian leg of their tour.
Ines Geipel
Ines Geipel (born 1960) is a German academic and former athlete. She is professor of verse language at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch) in  Berlin, where she teaches a course in contemporary puppetry.

She was born in 1960 in Dresden in the then East Germany. She was a competitive athlete there before escaping to the West in 1989. After her escape, she was expelled from the SED, of which she had previously been a party member. She studied sociology and philosophy in Darmstadt.

As an athlete she was a victim of doping in East Germany, and she was president from 2013 to 2018 of the group Help for Victims of Doping (Doping-Opfer-Hilfe). She was a co-plaintiff in the 2000 trial of Manfred Ewald and Manfred Höppner.

In 2019 she was the subject of an episode of the BBC series HARDtalk, interviewed by Stephen Sackur.

Stephen Sackur
Stephen John Sackur (born 9 January 1964) is an English journalist. He is one of the presenters of The Times at One on Times Radio.  Previously, he presented HARDtalk, a current affairs interview programme on BBC World News and the BBC News Channel. He was also the main Friday presenter of GMT on BBC World News. For fifteen years, he was a BBC foreign correspondent.
Juan Esnard Heydrich
Juan Esnard Heydrich (Matanzas 1917 – 1998) was a Cuban sculptor. His career took off in the 1970s with the new regime of Fidel Castro, who commissioned several monuments on the revolution and personalities of Cuban history.

He studied at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes "San Alejandro", 1935 – 1940, and founded with Rafael Soriano, Manuel Rodulfo Tardo, Roberto Juan Diago Querol and José Felipe Nuñez the Provincial School of Fine Arts in Matanzas. He is second cousin of Swiss-Cuban painter Garbade and grandson of Fernando Heydrich, sculptor and founder of the aqueduct of Matanzas.

National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba
The National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (Unión Nacional de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba, UNEAC) is a social, cultural and professional  organization of writers, musicians, actors, painters, sculptors, and artist of different genres.  It was founded on August 22, 1961, by the Cuban poet, Nicolas Guillen. Initially their objective was uniting the intellectuals within the young Cuban Revolution to maintain a genuine Cuban culture. The group issued La Gaceta de Cuba beginning in 1962. Cuban violinist and professor Evelio Tieles was President of the Music Section from 1977 to 1984.

Manuel Vázquez Portal was expelled from UNEAC because of his dissident views.
Evolution Mining
Evolution Mining is an Australian gold mining company with projects across Australia and in Ontario, Canada.

Evolution owns and operates mines at Cowal and Northparkes, New South Wales; Mt Rawdon and Ernest Henry, Queensland; Mungari, Western Australia; and Red Lake, Ontario.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Exit (right-to-die organisation)
Exit is a not-for-profit, pro-euthanasia organisation based in Scotland that lobbies for and provides information about voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide. It has particularly focused on research and publication of works which provide information about suicide methods, including How to Die With Dignity, the first book published on the subject.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Transnational marriage
A transnational marriage or international marriage is a marriage between two people from different countries or nationalities. It can either be a marriage between two people of the same ethnicity from two countries living in the same country, or marriage between two people from two countries of different ethnicities.

Mail-order bride
A mail-order bride is a woman who lists herself in catalogs and is selected by a man for marriage. In the twentieth century, the trend primarily involved women living in developing countries seeking men from more developed nations. Men who list themselves in such publications are referred to as "mail-order husbands", although this is much less common. As of 2002, there were an estimated 100,000–150,000 mail order brides worldwide.

The term mail-order bride has been criticized by international marriage agencies, who nevertheless continue to use it as an easily recognizable term. Women of Asian descent have also criticized the term, which they consider stigmatizing to women in such relationships. Consequently, some researchers have rejected the term.
Elizabeth King (author)
Elizabeth King (1843 – 22 July 1917), was a British diarist who accompanied her husband, Robert Moss King, to India, where she wrote The Diary of a Civilian's Wife in India 1877-1882, published in 1884. She died at home in Ashcott on 22 July 1917.

Ashcott
Ashcott is a small village and civil parish located in the Sedgemoor area of Somerset in the south-west of England.  The village has a population of 1,186. The parish includes the hamlets of Ashcott Corner, Berhill, Buscott, Nythe and Pedwell.

The village has five pubs and its own brewer, Moor Beer.   It has a church, shop, a primary school and an all-through independent school.

The annual Ashcott BeerFest is held on the Coronation playing fields at the end of June/beginning of July each year. It raises money for the Playing Fields, Cheeky Chimps Pre-School and the Ashcott Primary School PTA.
Emmett McCusker
Emmet Andrew McCusker (9 February 1889 – 20 January 1973) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Alfred, Ontario and became a physician by career after studying at Regina Collegiate Institute and McGill University where he received his medical degrees (MDCM, FIAM).

He was first elected to Parliament at the Regina City riding in the 1949 general election. After serving one term, he was defeated by Claude Ellis of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the 1953 election. McCusker was also unsuccessful in the 1957 election where he attempted to unseat Ellis.

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF; French: Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif, FCC) was a federal democratic socialist and social-democratic political party in Canada. The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, agrarian, co-operative, and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. In 1944, the CCF formed one of the first social-democratic governments in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan.

The full, but little used, name of the party was Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Farmer-Labour-Socialist).

In 1961, the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party (NDP).
Chojnowski
Chojnowski (feminine: Chojnowska; plural: Chojnowscy) is a Polish surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Krystyna Chojnowska-Liskiewicz (1936–2021), Polish naval engineer and sailor

Patryk Chojnowski (born 1990), Polish para table tennis player

Silvana Chojnowski (born 1994), Polish footballer

Silvana Chojnowski
Silvana Katharina Chojnowski (born 17 April 1994) is a former footballer who played as a striker. She holds both German and Polish citizenship.

As a German youth international she played the 2010 U-17 European Championship and the 2010 U-17 World Cup, scoring in both as a member of the German squad. From 2016 to 2017, she played for the Poland national team.
Cecil Konijnendijk
Cecil C. Konijnendijk (born 1970) is a Dutch researcher, educator, advisor, and writer working within the fields of urban forestry and urban greening. He co-directs the Nature Based Solutions Institute and is an Honorary Professor at the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Forestry.

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Swedish Agricultural University; Swedish: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet; SLU) is a public research university in Sweden. Although its main campus and head office is located in Ultuna, Uppsala, the university has several campuses in different parts of Sweden; the other main facilities being Alnarp in Lomma Municipality, Skara, and Umeå.

Unlike other state-owned universities in Sweden, SLU is funded through the budget for the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation (previously the Ministry for Rural Affairs). In 2020, the university had 3,155 full-time staff, 4,216 full-time students, 559 research students and 191 professors.

SLU is a founding member of the Euroleague for Life Sciences (ELLS), established in 2001.
KWOL-FM
KWOL-FM (105.1 MHz, "Kool 105.1") is a commercial radio station in Whitefish, Montana, broadcasting to the Kalispell-Flathead Valley, Montana, area. KWOL airs a classic hits music format.

It is owned by Rose Communications, and operated by Bee Broadcasting, Inc. All Bee Broadcasting stations are based at 2431 Highway 2 East, Kalispell.

Kalispell, Montana
Kalispell (/ˈkæləˌspɛl, ˌkæləˈspɛl/,  Montana Salish: Ql̓ispé, Kutenai language: Kqayaqawakⱡuʔnam) is a city in and the county seat of Flathead County, Montana, United States. The 2020 census put Kalispell's population at 24,558.  The latest estimates put the population at 31,296. Among cities in Montana, it is the 8th largest by area, 7th most populous, and 8th fastest growing from 2010 to 2020. In Montana's northwest region, it is the largest city and the commercial center of the Kalispell Micropolitan Statistical Area. The name Kalispell is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake".
St Beuno's Church, Bettws Cedewain
St Beuno's Church, Bettws Cedewain lies within the historic county of Montgomeryshire in Powys. The church occupies a prominent position overlooking the village of Bettws Cedewain, on the northern edge of the valley of the Bechan Brook which flows into the River Severn. Bettws is about 9 miles to the south-west of Welshpool. The church is a single-chambered structure with a western tower, set in a near-circular churchyard. A campanile or bellcote was added to the earlier tower in the early 16th century by the vicar, John ap Meredyth, whose memorial brass remains in the church to-day. The church was extensively rebuilt in 1868 under the supervision of the architect William Eden Nesfield. This included a complete rebuild of the upper part of the tower

Strata Marcella
The Abbey of Strata Marcella (Welsh: Abaty Ystrad Marchell) was a medieval Cistercian monastery situated at Ystrad Marchell (Strata Marcella being the Latinised form of the Welsh name) on the west bank of the River Severn near Welshpool, Powys, Wales.