hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mt. Meridian Schoolhouse
Mt. Meridian Schoolhouse is a historic one-room school building located at Mt. Meridian, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built in 1886, and is a one-story, rectangular frame building with a gable roof.  By 1890, the school had been enlarged to two rooms, which was later removed. The school closed in 1908.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius
Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius (Greek: Ανίκιος Φαύστος Αλβίνος Βασιλείος) was a high official of the Eastern Roman Empire and the last ordinary consul of Roman history, holding the office alone in 541.

Consul
Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states through antiquity and the Middle Ages, in particular in the Republics of Genoa and Pisa, then revived in modern states, notably in the First French Republic. The related adjective is consular, from the Latin consularis.

This usage contrasts with modern terminology, where a consul is a type of diplomat.
Explorer 36
Explorer 36 (also called GEOS 2 or GEOS B, acronym for Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program, being the second of the two satellites GEOS. Explorer 36 was launched on 11 January 1968 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, with Thor-Delta E1 launch vehicle.

Explorer 36 was a gravity-gradient stabilized, solar cell powered spacecraft that carried electronic and geodetic instrumentation.  The spacecraft's thermal control system was notable for the first non-experimental use of a heat pipe in a spacecraft.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
Tagleft
Tagleft is a small town and rural commune in Azilal Province of the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 12184 people living in 2213 households.

Azilal Province
Azilal (Arabic: أزيلال) is a province in the Moroccan region of Béni Mellal-Khénifra. Its population in 2024 is 574,051.

The major cities and towns are:

Afourar

Azilal

Ait Attab

Bzou

Demnate

Foum Jamaa

Ouaouizeght
HLX-1
Hyper-Luminous X-ray source 1, commonly known as HLX-1, is an intermediate-mass black hole candidate located in the lenticular galaxy ESO 243-49 about 290 million light-years from Earth. The mass of its central black hole is estimated to be approximately 20,000 solar masses. The source was discovered at the Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP, formerly the CESR), Toulouse, France and gained interest from the scientific community because of strong evidence supporting it as an intermediate-mass black hole. HLX-1 is possibly the remnant of a dwarf galaxy that may have been in a galactic collision with ESO 243-49.

Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies, also known as colliding galaxies, are two or more galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another. There are several types of galactic interactions, including major interactions, minor interactions, and galaxy harassment. Major interactions occur between galaxies with similar amounts of mass, whereas minor interactions involve galaxies with masses that vary significantly. An example of a minor interaction is a satellite galaxy disturbing the primary galaxy's spiral arms. An example of a major interaction is a galactic collision, such as the one that  astronomers estimate will happen in the future between the Milky Way and Andromeda. Collisions may lead to galaxy mergers and may also lead to other phenomena such as star formation and black hole activity.
Becoming Zlatan
Becoming Zlatan (Swedish: Den unge Zlatan) is a 2015 Swedish independent coming-of age sports documentary about Swedish International association football player Zlatan Ibrahimović. The film was directed by brothers Fredrik and Magnus Gertten and follows Ibrahimović through his formative years with football clubs Malmö FF and AFC Ajax all the way to his break through with Juventus FC in 2005.

The film has been featured at several film festivals including the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, Helsinki Documentary Film Festival and the Rouen Nordic Film Festival.

Rouen Nordic Film Festival
The Rouen Nordic Film Festival (French: Festival du Cinéma Nordique) was a film festival hold in Rouen, France for screening and competition films made in Nordic and Baltic countries, the Netherlands and Belgium.

In December 2010, the organizers, in conflict with the City Council, announce their intention to put an end to the festival.
Nippon Paint
Nippon Paint Holdings Co., Ltd. (日本ペイントホールディングス株式会社, Nippon Peinto Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese paint and paint products manufacturing company. It is the world's fourth largest paint manufacturer, as measured by revenue in 2020.

Paint
Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer. As art, this is used to create an image or images known as a painting. Paint can be made in many colors and types. Most paints are either oil-based or water-based, and each has distinct characteristics.

Primitive forms of paint were used tens of thousands of years ago in cave paintings.

Clean-up solvents are also different for water-based paint than oil-based paint. Water-based paints and oil-based paints will cure differently based on the outside ambient temperature of the object being painted (such as a house).
Wilhelm Schmidding
Wilhelm Schmidding from Bodenbach, Germany, was a World War II constructor of rocket engines used for RATO. Factories were in Schmiedeberg, and from summer 1943, in Buschvorwerk (Riesengebirge, Niederschlesien, today Krzaczyna).

JATO
JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off) is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets.  The term JATO is used interchangeably with the (more specific) term RATO, for rocket-assisted take-off (or, in RAF parlance, RATOG, for rocket-assisted take-off gear).
Tsori
Tsori (Russian: Цори, Ingush: Цхьори, romanized: Tsḥori) is a medieval village (aul) in Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the Guli rural settlement.

Tsori is the ancestral settlement of Ingush clan (teip) of Tsoroy (Ingush: Цхьо́рой) and the historical center of Tsorin society.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).
Pamela Motley Verrall
Pamela Motley Verrall (13 August 1915 – 1996) was a Welsh composer and music educator.

Verrall was born in Penrhiwceiber, South Wales. Her father was a musician. Verrall attended the University of Wales, where she received a B.A. in music in 1937, and a B.A. in English, German, and Latin in 1938. She also earned a Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music (LRAM) in London.

Verrall was head of the music departments in various schools in the South East of England, including Aldershot Manor Secondary School, The Winston Churchill School, Woking (mid-1970s), Elmhust Ballet School, Camberley and St. Catherine's School for Girls, Twickenham. She composed at least 90 sacred and secular songs, as well as chamber music and musicals for children which have been performed on radio and television. Her compositions and arrangements for school ensembles were published by Bosworth, Chester Music (now Wise Music), Cramer & Company, Feldman, and Forsyth Publishing. Her works include:

Penrhiwceiber
Penrhiwceiber (Welsh: Penrhiw-ceibr) is a village and community (and electoral ward, spelt Penrhiw-ceibr) in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, that lies south of the town Aberpennar and north of the village of Tyntetown, and is one of many villages that lies within the Cynon Valley. Prior to 1870 the area was heavy woodland, but the opening of the Penrhiwceiber Colliery in 1878 saw its rapid expansion into a thriving village.
Bolusao Watershed Forest Reserve
Bolusao Watershed Forest Reserve is a reserve and ecotourism site in Barangay Bolusao, Lawaan, Eastern Samar, Philippines. Designated mainly to preserve and maintain the usefulness of the Bolusao River as a source of water for domestic use and irrigation in the area, it is now being revitalized as a sustainable energy source through Amanjuray falls' energy-generating Bolusao mini-hydro power plant, providing power to the residents of Lawaan and Balangiga in Eastern Samar.

Balangiga
Balangiga (IPA: [ˌbalaŋˈhɪga]), officially the Municipality of Balangiga (Waray: Bungto han Balangiga; Tagalog: Bayan ng Balangiga), is a municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 14,473 people.

Balangiga is the site of the Balangiga Encounter in 1901, which remains one of the longest-running and most controversial issues of the Philippine–American War.
Marin Shakespeare Company
The Marin Shakespeare Company is a non-profit corporation that was established in 1989 at Dominican College’s Forest Meadows Amphitheatre in San Rafael, California, by Lesley Schisgall Currier and Robert Currier.

The company’s primary programs are: Mainstage summer season at the Forest Meadows Amphitheatre; year-round classes for people of all ages; Shakespeare for Social Justice programs; and Shakespeare events all year round.

According to the company's mission statement: "With Shakespeare as our endless inspiration, our mission is to serve as a vibrant catalyst for cultural engagement, education, and social justice to benefit the people of Marin County, the San Francisco Bay Area, and beyond." The company is listed as a Major Festival in the book, Shakespeare Festivals Around the World, by Marcus D. Gregio.

San Rafael, California
San Rafael (/ˌsæn rəˈfɛl/ SAN rə-FEL; Spanish for "St. Raphael", Spanish pronunciation: [san rafaˈel]) is a city in and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 census, San Rafael had a population of 61,271.

San Rafael was founded by the Spanish in 1817, when Vicente Francisco de Sarría established Mission San Rafael Arcángel, initially as an asistencia (sub-mission). San Rafael Arcángel was upgraded to full mission status in 1822, a month before Alta California declared independence from Spain as part of Mexico. Following the American Conquest of California, the community of San Rafael incorporated as a city in 1874.
Sebastião Bugalho
Sebastião Maria Reis Bugalho (European Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨβɐʃˈtjɐ̃w̃ βuˈɣaʎu]; born 15 November 1995) is a Portuguese politician, journalist and political commentator. Bugalho serves as a Member of the European Parliament since 2024, after being elected as a member of the Democratic Alliance in the 2024 European Parliament election.

Rui Moreira
Rui de Carvalho de Araújo Moreira (born 8 August 1956) is a Portuguese businessman and politician, Mayor of Porto from 2013 to 2025.  While officially an independent, he was supported by the CDS – People's Party since 2013 and the Liberal Initiative since 2021.
Logistic equation
Logistic equation can refer to:

Logistic function, a common S-shaped equation and curve with applications in a wide range of fields.

Logistic map, a nonlinear recurrence relation that plays a prominent role in chaos theory

Logistic regression, a regression technique that transforms the dependent variable using the logistic function

Logistic differential equation, a differential equation for population dynamics proposed by Pierre François Verhulst

Logistic map
The logistic map is a discrete dynamical system defined by the quadratic difference equation

Equivalently, it is a recurrence relation and a polynomial mapping of degree 2. It is often referred to as an archetypal example of how complex, chaotic behaviour can arise from very simple nonlinear dynamical equations.

The map was initially utilized by Edward Lorenz in the 1960s to showcase properties of irregular solutions in climate systems. It was popularized in a 1976 paper by the biologist Robert May, in part as a discrete-time demographic model analogous to the logistic equation written down by Pierre François Verhulst.
Other researchers who have contributed to the study of the logistic map include Stanisław Ulam, John von Neumann, Pekka Myrberg, Oleksandr Sharkovsky, Nicholas Metropolis, and Mitchell Feigenbaum.
Account Rendered (1957 film)
Account Rendered is a 1957 British second feature ('B') crime film directed by Peter Graham Scott and starring Griffith Jones, Ursula Howells and Honor Blackman. It was written by Barbara S. Harper based on Pamela Barrington's 1953 novel of the same name. It was released by the Rank Organisation.

The Rank Organisation
The Rank Organisation (founded as the J. Arthur Rank Organisation) was a British entertainment conglomerate founded in 1937 by industrialist J. Arthur Rank. It quickly became the largest and most vertically integrated film company in the United Kingdom, owning production, distribution, and exhibition facilities, as well as manufacturing projection equipment and chairs. It diversified into the manufacture of radios, TVs, and photocopiers (as one of the owners of Rank Xerox). The company name lasted until February 1996, when the name and some of the remaining assets were absorbed into the newly structured Rank Group plc. The company itself became a wholly owned subsidiary of Xerox and was renamed XRO Limited in 1997.

The company's logo, the Gongman, first used in 1935 by the group's distribution company, General Film Distributors and seen in the opening titles of the films, became a celebrated and enduring film emblem.
Sycamore Historic District
The Sycamore Historic District is a meandering area encompassing 99 acres (400,000 m2) of the land in and around the downtown of the DeKalb County, Illinois county seat, Sycamore. The area includes historic buildings and a number of historical and Victorian homes. Some significant structures are among those located within the Historic District including the DeKalb County Courthouse and the Sycamore Public Library. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 2, 1978.

There are over 200 properties within the irregular boundaries of the Sycamore Historic District. Of those, 187 are considered contributing properties to the historic district, and 22 are non-contributing. Of all of the district's homes and buildings 75% fit within the historic district concept. Some of the major structures include several prominent Queen Anne style mansions, the Sycamore library, the DeKalb County Courthouse, and dozens of mid- to late 19th-century houses.

DeKalb County, Illinois
DeKalb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 100,420. Its county seat is Sycamore. DeKalb County is part of the Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Pangnirtung (electoral district)
Pangnirtung (Inuktitut: ᐸᖕᓂᕐᒃᑑᕐᒃ, Inuinnaqtun: Pangniqtuuq) is a territorial electoral district (riding) for the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, Canada.

The riding consists of the community of Pangnirtung.

Pangnirtung
Pangnirtung (or Pang, also Pangniqtuuq, in syllabics: ᐸᖕᓂᖅᑑᖅ [paŋniqtuːq]) is an Inuit hamlet in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut, located on Baffin Island. The community  is located about 45 km (28 mi) south of the Arctic Circle, and about 2,700 km (1,700 mi) from the North Pole. Pangnirtung is situated on a coastal plain at the coast of Pangnirtung Fjord, a fjord which eventually merges with Cumberland Sound. As of October 2024, the mayor is Stevie Komoartok.
Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty (1419)
The Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty of 1419 was signed between the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Venice, ending a short conflict between the two powers, confirming Venetian possessions in the Aegean Sea and the Balkans, and stipulating the rules of maritime trade between them.

Stato da Màr
The Stato da Màr or Domini da Mar (lit. 'State of the Sea'  or 'Domains of the Sea'), sometimes described as a maritime empire or overseas empire, comprised the maritime and overseas territories controlled by the Republic of Venice from approximately 1000 until 1797. At various points, these territories included parts of present-day Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, and Greece—notably Istria, Dalmatia, the Ionian Islands, the Peloponnese, Crete, the Cyclades, Euboea, and Cyprus.

It was one of the three subdivisions of the Republic of Venice's possessions, the other two being the Dogado, i.e. Venice proper, and the Domini di Terraferma in northern Italy.

The overseas possessions, particularly islands such as Corfu, Crete, and Cyprus, played a critical role in Venice's commercial and military leadership. In his landmark study on the Mediterranean world in the 16th century, historian Fernand Braudel described these islands as "Venice's motionless fleet".
P. V. Kunhunni Nair
P. V. Kunhunni Nair (September 1910 – 20 November 1986 ) was an Indian politician and leader of Communist Party of India. He represented Ottapalam constituency in 1st and 2nd Kerala Legislative Assembly.

He was imprisoned in 1931–1932 for participating in the Non-cooperation movement. He joined the Congress Socialist Party in 1935 and joined the CPI in 1939. He was lodged in the Vellore Central Jail during the Second World War.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Malavatuan
Malavatuan or Malabatuan is a small island in the Philippines and part of the Lubang group of islands. It is around 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Ambil Island and is administered under the barangay of Ambil, in the municipality of Looc, Occidental Mindoro. In 1919 it was denoted as being covered in brushwood (branches and twigs fallen from trees and shrubs).

Looc, Occidental Mindoro
Looc, officially the Municipality of Looc (Tagalog: Bayan ng Looc),  is a municipality in the province of Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 9,426 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.
Venetian Arsenal
The Venetian Arsenal (Italian: Arsenale di Venezia) is a complex of former shipyards and armories clustered together in the city of Venice in northern Italy. Owned by the state, the Arsenal was responsible for the bulk of the Venetian Republic's naval power from the Late Middle Ages to the early modern period. It was "one of the earliest large-scale industrial enterprises in history".

Ancient shipbuilding techniques
Ancient boat building methods can be categorized as one of hide, log, sewn, lashed-plank, clinker (and reverse-clinker), shell-first, and frame-first. While the frame-first technique dominates the modern ship construction industry, the ancients relied primarily on the other techniques to build their watercraft. In many cases, these techniques were very labor-intensive or inefficient in their use of raw materials. Regardless of differences in ship construction techniques, the vessels of the ancient world, particularly those that plied the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the islands of Southeast Asia were seaworthy craft, capable of allowing people to engage in large-scale maritime trade.
5254 Ulysses
5254 Ulysses is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 78 kilometers (48 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 November 1986, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the Haute-Provence Observatory in Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire near Marseille, southeastern France. The assumed C-type asteroid belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans and has a longer-than-average rotation period of 28.72 hours. It was later named after "Ulysses", the Latinized name of the legendary hero from Greek mythology, Odysseus.

La Silla Observatory
La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Several other telescopes are also located at the site and are partly maintained by ESO. The observatory is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and was the first in Chile to be used by ESO.

The La Silla telescopes and instruments are located in the North of the Coquimbo region, 150 km northeast of La Serena, on the outskirts of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and most remote areas in the world. Like other observatories in this region, La Silla is far from sources of light pollution and, like the Paranal Observatory—home to the Very Large Telescope—it has some of the darkest night skies on Earth.
Kanok-orn Bunma
Kanok-orn Bunma (Thai: กนกอร บุญมา; RTGS: Kanok-on Bunma; born September 8, 1952, in Chachoengsao, Thailand) is a Thai beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Thailand 1972. she competed in Miss Universe 1973 pageant competition held in Athens.

On May 18, 1975, she married Suwit Pongjaruspan businessman and currently she work at gas station business in Nakhon Ratchasima.

Miss Universe 1973
Miss Universe 1973 was the 22nd Miss Universe pageant, held at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus in Athens, Greece, on 21 July 1973. This was the first Miss Universe event to be held in Europe.

At the conclusion of the event, Kerry Anne Wells of Australia crowned Margarita Moran of the Philippines as Miss Universe 1973. It is the second victory of the Philippines in the pageant's history.

Contestants from sixty-one countries and territories participated in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Bob Barker in his seventh consecutive year, while Helen O'Connell provided commentary and analysis throughout the event.