hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ptilotrigona lurida
Ptilotrigona lurida, known as the borá-cavalo, abelha-piranha ("piranha bee"), or corta-cabelos ("hair-cutting bee") in Brazil, is a species of eusocial stingless bee in the family Apidae and tribe Meliponini.

Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.
Duchy of Tuscia
The Duchy of Tuscia (/ˈtʌsiə, ˈtʌʃ(i)ə/ TUSS-ee-ə, TUSH-(ee-)ə; Modern Italian: Ducato di Tuscia [duˈkaːto di ˈtuʃʃa]; Latin: Ducatus Tusciae), initially known as the Duchy of Lucca (Modern Italian: Ducato di Lucca; Latin: Ducatus Lucaniae), was a Lombard duchy in Central Italy, which included much of today's Tuscany. After the occupation of the territories belonging to the Byzantines, the Lombards founded this flourishing duchy which, among other centres, also included Florence. The capital of the duchy was Lucca, which was located along the Via Francigena, being also the city where the dukes resided.

Central Italy
Central Italy (Italian: Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region with code ITI, and a European Parliament constituency. As of 2025, it has over 11 million inhabitants.
Alexandra Shepard
Alexandra Jane Shepard FRHistS FBA FRSE is Professor of Gender History at the University of Glasgow. In 2018 Shepard was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in recognition for her work in gender history and the social history of early modern Britain. In 2019 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Gender history
Gender history is a sub-field of history and gender studies, which looks at the past from the perspective of gender. It is in many ways, an outgrowth of women's history. The discipline considers in what ways historical events and periodization impact women differently from men. For instance, in an influential article in 1977, "Did Women have a Renaissance?", Joan Kelly questioned whether the notion of a Renaissance was relevant to women.
Gender historians are also interested in how gender difference has been perceived and configured at different times and places, usually with the assumption that such differences are socially constructed. These social constructions of gender throughout time are also represented as changes in the expected norms of behavior for those labeled male or female. Those who study gender history note these changes in norms and those performing them over time and interpret what those changes say about the larger social/cultural/political climate.
Otis Theodore and Effiegene Locke Wingo House
The Otis Theodore and Effiegene Locke Wingo House is a historic house at 510 West De Queen Avenue in De Queen, Arkansas.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, built in 1904 but altered significantly later.  Originally Queen Anne in style, the house has irregular massing and a complex cross-gabled roof line.  Its original Queen Anne porch was replaced c. 1920 by an American Craftsman style porch with heavy wooden columns set on concrete and brick piers.  A later shed-roof porch wraps around the southern side of the building, and at the rear of the house a 1/2 story was added at a later date.  The house is notable as the home of United States Congressman Otis Theodore Wingo, and his wife Effiegene Locke Wingo, who served out his final term after his death and then was elected to Congress in her own right.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Shed roof
A shed roof, also known variously as a pent roof, lean-to roof, outshot, catslide, skillion roof (in Australia and New Zealand), and, rarely, a mono-pitched roof, is a single-pitched roof surface. This is in contrast to a dual- or multiple-pitched roof.
Prune kernel oil
Prune kernel oil is a recently developed vegetable oil, pressed from the seeds ("kernel") of the d'Agen prune plum. The seeds are extracted from the fruitstones of the plum and have an oil content of 35% by weight, consisting of 70% oleic acid and 20% linoleic acid. The oil has a flavour reminiscent of bitter almond, and has been aggressively marketed as a gourmet virgin cooking oil. It is also used in the cosmetic industry for its emollient properties.

Plum
A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus. Dried plums are usually called prunes.

Plums are likely to have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans, with origins in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and China. They were brought to Britain from Asia, and their cultivation has been documented in Andalusia, southern Spain. Plums are a diverse group of species, with trees reaching a height of 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) when pruned. The fruit is a drupe, with a firm and juicy flesh.  Plums can be eaten fresh, dried to make prunes, used in jams, or fermented into wine and distilled into brandy. Plum seeds (also called kernels) contain the cyanide-like poison, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside.

In 2023, China produced 55% of the world total of plums. Japanese or Chinese plums dominate the fresh fruit market, while European plums are also common in some regions.
Bab Agnaou
Bab Agnaou (Arabic: باب اكناو or باب اڭناو), also transliterated as Bab Agnaw, is one of the best-known gates of Marrakesh, Morocco. Its construction is attributed to the Almohad caliph Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur and was completed around 1188 or 1190.

The gate was the main public entrance to the royal kasbah (citadel) in the southern part of the medina of Marrakesh. The Kasbah, built by Yaqub al-Mansur, is the site of the nearby El Mansouria Mosque (or Kasbah Mosque) and the Saadian Tombs behind it, as well as the El Badi Palace and the main Royal Palace (Dar al-Makhzen) of the city.

Makhzen
Makhzen (Arabic: المخزن, Moroccan Arabic: لمخزن, Berber languages: ⵍⵎⴻⵅⵣⴻⵏ, romanized: Lmexzen) is the governing institution in Morocco and in pre-1957 Tunisia, centered on the monarch and consisting of royal notables, top-ranking military personnel, landowners, security service bosses, civil servants and other well-connected members of the establishment. The term "Makhzen" is also popularly used in Morocco as a word meaning "State" or "Government".
Beyond Meat
Beyond Meat, Inc., branded as Beyond, is a producer of plant-based meat alternatives founded in 2009 by Ethan Brown. The company's products were first launched in the United States in 2012.

Beyond Meat's signature product is its plant-based beef 'Beyond Burger'. It also makes plant-based chicken and pork products.

As of December 2024, the company's products were available at 27,000 retail outlets in the United States, 38,000 retail outlets internationally, 38,000 foodservice outlets in the United States, and 26,000 foodservice outlets internationally. The company's products are available in 65 countries worldwide. The company's largest customer is Dot Foods, accounting for 12% of revenue in 2024. The company's products do not contain GMOs, added hormones or antibiotics, or cholesterol and are certified Kosher and Halal. The primary ingredient in the company's products is pea protein, supplied by Roquette Frères.

Roquette Frères
Roquette is a French-based family owned company which produces more than 650 by-products from the starch extracted from corn, wheat, potatoes and peas. 
Founded and headquartered in Lestrem, France in 1933 by the brothers Dominique and Germain Roquette, Roquette has grown to become the leader in starch production in Europe and the number four ranked producer of starch worldwide. It is also the leader in the production of Polyols worldwide (substances derived from food compounds). Roquette employs more than 8,360 people globally and achieved a turnover of over 2,5 billion euros in 2011.
Dibdin
People whose surname is or was Dibdin include:

Charles Dibdin (1745–1814), British writer and musician

Charles Dibdin the younger (1768–1833), English dramatist, composer and theatre proprietor

Lewis Tonna Dibdin (1852–1938) British lawyer and Dean of the Arches

Michael Dibdin (1947–2007), British crime writer

Thomas Frognall Dibdin (1776–1847), British bibliographer

Thomas John Dibdin (1771–1841), British dramatist

British politician Michael Heseltine, whose middle name is Dibdin, is a distant descendant of Charles Dibdin.

Charles Dibdin the younger
Charles Isaac Mungo Dibdin (17 October 1768  – 15 January 1833), or Charles Pitt or Charles Dibdin the younger, as he was professionally known, was an English dramatist, composer, writer and theatre proprietor. He was perhaps best known for his proprietorship of the Sadler's Wells Theatre and for the pantomimes and satirical farces that he wrote, and which were staged at many theatres across London. He employed Joseph Grimaldi at Sadler's Wells where Grimaldi appeared in many of his most successful pantomimes. He was the son of Charles Dibdin, brother of Thomas John Dibdin and godson of David Garrick.
Jadeen
Jadeen (Arabic: جدعين)  is a Syrian village located in Kafr Takharim Nahiyah in Harem District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jadeen had a population of 277 in the 2004 census. It is a Druze village of the Jabal al-Sumaq region.

Harem District
Harem District (Arabic: منطقة حارم, romanized: manṭiqat Ḥārim) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Harem. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 175,482.
Isabel Tisdall
Isabel Tisdall (née Gallegos, 19 November 1911 – 27 July 2007) was a British-based textile designer, who influenced domestic and commercial interior design through Tamesa Fabrics, which she founded in 1964, and via her work with Edinburgh Weavers from the mid 1950s. Prior to that, she had a successful career as a fashion stylist, including a period as fashion editor of Vogue.

British Vogue
British Vogue (stylised in all caps) is the British edition of the American fashion magazine Vogue. The magazine was launched in 1916 by Condé Nast, linking together fashion and high society.

British Vogue is the third most profitable edition of Vogue worldwide (other than the American and Chinese editions).
Ida Crown Jewish Academy
Ida Crown Jewish Academy is a Modern Orthodox Jewish high school in Skokie, Illinois, under the auspicies of the Associated Talmud Torahs. Its current dean is Leonard Matanky.  ICJA places emphasis on both Judaic and Secular studies and holds its students to high academic standards. ICJA encourages its students to pursue a year in yeshiva or seminary in Israel before attending college. Ida Crown serves students from all over the Chicago area, including Chicago, Lincolnwood, Skokie, Northbrook, Highland Park, Glencoe, Deerfield, Buffalo Grove, Des Plaines, and Evanston.

As of the 2021-22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 216 students and 36.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 6.8:1.

Glencoe, Illinois
Glencoe (/ˈɡlɛnˌkoʊ/) is a lakefront village in northeastern Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,849. Glencoe is part of Chicago's North Shore and one of the wealthiest communities in Illinois. According to the United States Census Bureau, the median household income in Glencoe was $228,750 in 2022.
Hiroyuki Yoshino
Hiroyuki Yoshino (吉野 裕行, Yoshino Hiroyuki; born February 6, 1974) is a Japanese voice actor and singer. On leading roles, he played Yoshimori Sumimura in Kekkaishi, Hibiki Tokai in Vandread, Yuji Kagura in Tona-Gura!, Takumi Nishijō in Chaos;Head, Yusuke "Bossun" Fujisaki in Sket Dance, Meow in Space Dandy, Favaro in Rage of Bahamut: Genesis and Galina in Yatterman Night. On supporting roles, he played Bernard Firestar in Divergence Eve, Chrome in Cluster Edge, Debito in La storia della Arcana Famiglia, Natsuki Minami in Minami-ke, Allelujah Haptism in Mobile Suit Gundam 00, Yuto Kido in Inazuma Eleven, Rin Hirakoba in The Prince of Tennis, Kenichi Saruyama in To Love Ru, Hajime Iwaizumi in Haikyuu!!, Houka Inumuta in Kill la Kill, Hizashi Yamada in My Hero Academia and Yasutumo Arakita in Yowamushi Pedal.

Vandread
Vandread (Japanese: ヴァンドレッド, Hepburn: Vandoreddo) is a Japanese anime television series directed by Takeshi Mori and produced by Gonzo and Digimation. The series is composed of two seasons consisting of 13 episodes each; Vandread, broadcast from October to December 2000, and Vandread: The Second Stage, broadcast from October 2001 to January 2002. The series was also adapted into a manga and light novel series.
The Good Soldier (2009 film)
The Good Soldier is a 2009 documentary film directed and produced by American filmmakers Lexy Lovell and Michael Uys. Using interviews with five veterans from different generations of American wars, the film explores the definition of what being a 'good soldier' really means.

Howard Zinn, author of A People's History of the United States and a former bombardier in World War II, served as an advisor to the filmmakers.

Timeline of United States military operations
This timeline of United States military operations, based in part on reports by the Congressional Research Service, shows the years and places in which United States Armed Forces units participated in armed conflicts or occupation of foreign territories. Items in bold are wars most often considered to be major conflicts by historians and the general public.

Note that instances where the U.S. government gave aid alone, with no military personnel involvement, are excluded, as are Central Intelligence Agency operations. In domestic peacetime disputes such as riots and labor issues, only operations undertaken by active duty personnel (also called "federal troops" or "U.S. military") are depicted in this article; state defense forces and the National Guard are not included, as they are not fully integrated into the U.S. Armed Forces even if they are federalized for duty within the United States itself.
Marlik
Marlik is an ancient site near Roudbar in Gilan, in northern Iran. Marlik, also known as Cheragh-Ali Tepe is located in the valley of Gohar Rud (gem river), a tributary of Sepid Rud in Gilan Province in Northern Iran, Marlik.  Marlik is the site of a royal cemetery, and artifacts found at this site date back to 3,000 years ago. Some of the artifacts contain amazing workmanship with gold.
Marlik is named after the Amard people.

Sefid-Rud
The Sepid-Rud (Persian: سفیدرود, lit. 'white river'; Gilaki: سپیده رود; also known as Sefid-Rud) is a river, approximately 670 kilometres (416 mi) long, rising in the Alborz mountain range of northwestern Iran and flowing generally northeast to empty into the Caspian Sea at Rasht.
American Peace Crusade
American Peace Crusade (APC) was an American peace advocacy organization. Established during the Korean War, the federal government identified the organization as a Communist front. Pitirim Sorokin, a Russian American sociologist and professor at Harvard University, was a sponsor of this organization. The Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications published by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) characterized APC as a group formed by the Communists to function "as a new instrument for their 'peace' offensive in the United States."

American Peace Crusade is characterized as "Communist-led peace group", and a "pro-Soviet peace initiative". Historian Marian Mollin notes that the APC believed the United States to be the "greatest threat to world peace". According to historian Lawrence S. Wittner, the APC was the last Communist-headed peace organization in the United States.

Pitirim Sorokin
Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin (/səˈroʊkɪn, sɔː-/; Russian: Питирим Александрович Сорокин; 4 February [O.S. 23 January] 1889 – 10 February 1968) was a Russian American sociologist and political activist, who contributed to the social cycle theory.

Sorokin was a professor at Saint Petersburg Imperial University, three times imprisoned by the Czarist regime for "revolutionary activity." His active opposition to the Bolsheviks led, after they were in power, to his arrest and sentence to death. Only with the help and intervention of friends, including Thomas Masaryk and Edouard Beneš, was his sentence commuted to permanent exile, which led Sorokin to flee to Czechoslovakia.

Moving to the United States, he became a professor of sociology at the University of Minnesota in 1924, and, in 1930, he was hired as head of the newly formed department of sociology at Harvard University.
2018 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Doubles
Raquel Atawo and Jeļena Ostapenko were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together this year. Atawo successfully defended the title alongside Anna-Lena Grönefeld, defeating Nicole Melichar and Květa Peschke in the final, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), [10–5]. Ostapenko teamed up with Olga Savchuk, but lost in the quarterfinals to Atawo and Grönefeld.

Anna-Lena Grönefeld
Anna-Lena Grönefeld (also spelled Groenefeld; married name Herzgerodt; born 4 June 1985) is a German former professional tennis player.

Competing as a professional from 2003 until 2019, she won one singles title on the WTA Tour, at the 2006 Mexican Open, and reached the quarterfinals of the 2006 French Open. She is a two-time Grand Slam champion in mixed doubles, having won the 2009 Wimbledon Championships alongside Mark Knowles, and the 2014 French Open with Jean-Julien Rojer. Grönefeld also finished runner-up in mixed doubles at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships and 2017 French Open.

In women's doubles, Grönefeld won 17 career titles, most notably the 2005 Rogers Cup with Martina Navratilova, and reached seven Grand Slam semifinals. She was part of the German team which reached the final of the 2014 Fed Cup, and competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games.
James Grassick
James Grassick (March 2, 1868 – August 4, 1956) was a businessman and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Regina City in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1929 to 1934 as a Conservative.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Admiral of Flanders
Admiral of Flanders (1383–1483) and Admiral of the Netherlands (1485–1573) was a title in the medieval Low Countries for the commander of the war fleet.

The title of admiral (from the Arab emir-al-bahr), for naval commanders of ships which protected commercial convoys against piracy, already existed temporary in the different parts of the Low Countries before, but was first made permanent in Flanders by Louis II of Flanders in 1383.

When the Burgundians gained control of the Low Countries, they also created a permanent position of admiral for the rest of the Burgundian Netherlands in 1446.

After the failed Flemish revolt against Maximilian of Austria (1482–1485), both positions were united and Philip of Cleves was appointed as first Admiral of the Netherlands.

With the start of the Dutch Revolt in 1568 and the defeat and imprisonment of the last Admiral Maximilien de Hénin-Liétard in the Battle on the Zuiderzee against the rebels, the position was abolished.

Louis II, Count of Flanders
Louis II (Dutch: Lodewijk; 25 October 1330 – 30 January 1384), also known as Louis of Male, a member of the House of Dampierre, was the count of Flanders, Nevers, and Rethel from 1346 to 1384, and also of Artois and Burgundy from 1382 until his death. He was the son and successor of Count Louis I of Flanders and Countess Margaret I of Burgundy, a daughter of King Philip V of France.
Michael Manson (politician)
Michael Manson (April 29, 1857 – July 11, 1932) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Comox from 1909 to 1916 and Mackenzie from 1924 to 1933 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Conservative.

Comox (electoral district)
Comox was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was one of the first twelve ridings representing that province upon its joining Confederation, and was a one-member constituency. The core of this once-vast riding, which at its inception stretched to the Yukon border, is now named Comox Valley.
Adam Higginbotham
Adam Higginbotham (born 1968) is a British journalist who is the former U.S. correspondent for The Sunday Telegraph Magazine and former editor-in-chief of The Face. He has also served as a contributing writer for The New Yorker, Wired, and The New York Times.

Higginbotham is the author of Midnight in Chernobyl: The Untold Story of the World's Greatest Nuclear Disaster, published in 2019 by Simon & Schuster, which received the 2020 William E. Colby Award for Military and Intelligence Writing, the 2020 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Non-Fiction, and was selected one of the 10 Best Books of 2019 by The New York Times.

In 2024, Higginbotham released Challenger: A True Story of Heroism and Disaster on the Edge of Space (ISBN 978-1-98217-661-7), about the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

The Face (magazine)
The Face is a British music, fashion, and culture monthly magazine originally published from 1980 to 2004, and relaunched in 2019.

It was first launched in May 1980 in London by Nick Logan, the British journalist who had previously been editor of New Musical Express and Smash Hits. Having narrowly survived a near closure in the early 1990s following the award of libel damages against the magazine, it finally ceased publication in 2004 as a result of dwindling circulation. Frequently referred to as having "changed culture" and credited with launching Kate Moss's career as a supermodel, the magazine was the subject of a number of museum exhibitions after its demise.

In April 2019, The Face was relaunched online at theface.com by current owner Wasted Talent, which also publishes the magazines Kerrang! and Mixmag and acquired rights to the title in 2017 from Bauer Media Group. The first physical issue since the relaunch was published on 13 September 2019.