hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lamina (anatomy)
Lamina is a general anatomical term meaning "plate" or "layer". It is used in both gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy to describe structures.

Some examples include:

The laminae of the thyroid cartilage: two leaf-like plates of cartilage that make up the walls of the structure.

The vertebral laminae: plates of bone that form the posterior walls of each vertebra, enclosing the spinal cord.

The laminae of the thalamus: the layers of thalamus tissue.

The lamina propria: a connective tissue layer under the epithelium of an organ.

The nuclear lamina: a dense fiber network inside the nucleus of cells.

The lamina affixa: a layer of epithelium growing on the surface of the thalamus.

The lamina of Drosophila is the most peripheral neuropil of the insect visual system.

Lamina cribrosa with two different meanings.

Osseous spiral lamina, a feature of the bony canal of the cochlea

Neuropil
Neuropil (or "neuropile") is any area in the nervous system composed of mostly unmyelinated axons, dendrites and glial cell processes that forms a synaptically dense region containing a relatively low number of cell bodies. The most prevalent anatomical region of neuropil is the brain which, although not completely composed of neuropil, does have the largest and highest synaptically concentrated areas of neuropil in the body. For example, the neocortex and olfactory bulb both contain neuropil.

White matter, which is mostly composed of myelinated axons (hence its white color) and glial cells, is generally not considered to be a part of the neuropil.

Neuropil (pl. neuropils) comes from the Greek: neuro, meaning "tendon, sinew; nerve" and pilos, meaning "felt". The term's origin can be traced back to the late 19th century.
Sex, Love & Pain
Sex, Love & Pain is the third studio album by American R&B singer-songwriter Tank. It was released on May 15, 2007, by Blackground Records and Universal Motown Records. The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200, selling 103,000 copies in its first week, while reaching number 1 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Tank's first album to have a Parental Advisory sticker, Sex, Love & Pain was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards.

The album's lead single was "Please Don't Go", which topped the US Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart for six weeks.

Adult R&B Songs
The Adult R&B Songs chart (also called Adult R&B Airplay) is an airplay chart that is published weekly by Billboard magazine. The chart tracks and measures the airplay of songs played on urban adult contemporary radio stations, whose playlist mostly include contemporary R&B and traditional R&B tracks. Nielsen Audio sometimes refers to the format as Urban adult contemporary radio. Billboard created the chart in September 1993, with the first number one being "Another Sad Love Song" by Toni Braxton.
Fishin' for Woos
Fishin' for Woos is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Bowling for Soup. It was released on Que-so Records/Brando Records in the United Kingdom on April 25, 2011, and worldwide on April 26, 2011.

Fountains of Wayne
Fountains of Wayne is an American rock band that formed in New York City in 1995. The band's lineup for the majority of its career was founding members Chris Collingwood and Adam Schlesinger, with Jody Porter and Brian Young who joined after the band's first album. The band, best known for the Grammy-nominated song "Stacy's Mom," released six albums from 1996 to 2011 before effectively disbanding in 2013.

Schlesinger died of complications from COVID-19 on April 1, 2020. The surviving members of Fountains of Wayne played an online benefit concert that month as a tribute to Schlesinger, and reunited again for shows in 2025.
Clemente Formation
The Clemente Formation is a geologic formation composed of 210 m (690 ft) of Ediacaran siltstone, sandstone, quartzite, conglomerate, and minor dolomite. It is exposed in thw area of Cerro Rajon south of Caborca, northern Sonora, Mexico. It contains an oolitic dolomite marker bed correlated with the Johnnie Formation in Death Valley, California, and preserves an isotopic record of the Shuram excursion.

At its type section, the Clemente Formation consists of 210.3 m (690 ft) of siltstone, sandstone, quartzite, conglomerate, and minor dolomite exposed in the Cerro Rajon area. It is named for Cerro Clemente, Sonora, which lies about 11 km (6.8 mi) south-southwest of the location of its composite type section. Cerro Rajon lies about 2.3 km (1.4 mi) south-southeast of the type section.

Siltstone
Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

Although its permeability and porosity is relatively low, siltstone is sometimes a tight gas reservoir rock, an unconventional reservoir for natural gas that requires hydraulic fracturing for production to be economical.

Siltstone was prized in ancient Egypt for manufacturing statuary and cosmetic palettes. The siltstone quarried at Wadi Hammamat was a hard, fine-grained siltstone that resisted flaking and was almost ideal for such uses.
Criticism of the Walt Disney Company
The Walt Disney Company, one of the largest media corporations in the world, has been the subject of a wide variety of criticisms of its business practices, executives, and content. In particular, the Walt Disney Studios has been criticized for including stereotypical portrayal of non-white characters, sexism, and alleged plagiarism. Several of Disney's business ventures, which include television networks, theme parks, and product lines, have also sparked controversy amongst groups of consumers and media outlets.

SAG-AFTRA
The Screen Actors Guild–American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA, /sæɡˈæftrə/) is an American labor union formed in 2012 by the merger of the Screen Actors Guild and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. It represents approximately 170,000 media professionals worldwide. SAG-AFTRA is a member of the AFL-CIO, the largest federation of unions in the United States. SAG-AFTRA is also a member of the International Federation of Actors.
Shirpamal
Shirpamal is a site on Jawhar Nashik Road in Dharampur, near to Jawhar City in Maharashtra, India.

Shivaji marched to Surat with the Maratha army. They set up camp near the princely state of Jawhar and met the Koli ruler Vikramshah Mukne of Jawhar.  Together they invaded Surat. Shirpamal was the meeting place of Shivaji and Vikramshah and has since become a historical monument. Chhatrapati Shivali Visited Shirpamal at Jawhar on 31 December 1664. On 1 May 1995 Rajaram Mukne, President of Jawhar Municipal Council erected a memorial of Shivaji at this place to commemorate this historic moment.

Koli people
The Koli people are an agriculturist caste of India, mostly found in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a criminal tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities; but during World War I, Kolis were recognised as a martial caste by British Indian Empire. Kolis of Gujarat were well-known pirates of Arabian Sea.

The Kolis form the largest caste cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states, respectively.
David Gibson (footballer, born 1895)
David Gibson (29 September 1895 – 26 September 1964) was a Scottish footballer who played as a left back, initially for hometown team Kilmarnock where he played for seven seasons between 1919 and late 1925 (Joe Nibloe establishing himself in the position thereafter). He had a short spell at Preston North End before moving to the American Soccer League where he featured for Springfield Babes, Fall River and Providence over five years, returning to Scotland in 1932 with Queen of the South and Galston (both then playing in the Scottish Football Alliance league).

He won the Scottish Cup with Kilmarnock in 1920 and the National Challenge Cup with Fall River in 1927.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Syed Akhtar Ali Shah
Syed Akhtar Ali Shah (Urdu: سيد اختر علی شاہ) is a Pakistani police officer currently serving as Officer on Special Duty (OSD).

Shah briefly served as the Acting Inspector General of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police in 2017. In 2006, Shah was the first one who introduced the counter-terrorism policy in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He served in the Mardan Division from 2008 to 2011 against militants.

Shah got his LLB and Political Science (MA) degrees from University of Peshawar and a doctoral research in Political Science from Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan.

University of Peshawar
The University of Peshawar (Pashto: د پېښور پوهنتون; Hindko: پشور یونیورسٹی; Urdu: جامعۂ پشاور; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The university is one of the oldest universities in the province, and is ranked as one of the highest rated universities in the country.
Portopalo di Capo Passero
Portopalo di Capo Passero (Sicilian: Puortupalu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily (Italy).  The southernmost commune of the island of Sicily, it is about 220 kilometres (140 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Syracuse. As of February 2017, it had a population of 3,916 and an area of 14.9 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi). The nearest city is Pachino with a population of nearly 10,000. Portopalo belonged to the municipality of Pachino until 1975 when it became an autonomous municipality itself. Portopalo is widely considered to have some of the best fishing that the Mediterranean area has to offer because of its location, connection of the Ionian and Mediterranean Seas and its subtropical climate, which provides average temperatures between 12° and 27 °C.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Trifolium amoenum
Trifolium amoenum, known by the common names showy Indian clover and two-fork clover, is endemic to California, and is an endangered annual herb that subsists in grassland areas of the San Francisco Bay Area and the northern California Coast Ranges.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
4 Angies
4 Angies (Thai: โฟร์แองจี้ส์ สี่สาวแสนซน; RTGS: Fo Aengchi Si Sao Saen Son; lit. '4 Angies: 4 girls actively') is a 2006 Thai computer-animated comedy cartoon series produced by Anya Animation and released by Channel 3 HD and Homerun Entertainment. Four Angies, loosely based on the TV show of the name by Women to women. There are 4 women in different characters, the story of cartoon, four naughty girls is the three-dimensional animation about 4 Thai naughty girls in school (respectively Pui, Kai, Nina and Kalamare).

After a while, Four Angies aired on Canal J, a top-rated France kid's TV show. After France had the copyright, "Four Angies, Four Naughty Girls" changed to "KaNiKaZo, Super Angies".

Canal J
Canal J (stylised as canal J, French pronunciation: [kanal ʒi]) is a French pay television channel dedicated to children's programming. It is aimed at children aged 7 to 12.

On 1 February 2019, M6 Group entered negotiations to acquire the television unit of Lagardère Active including Canal J. The sale was completed on 2 September 2019.
Great Inca finch
The great Inca finch (Incaspiza pulchra) is a species of passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It was traditionally placed in the family Emberizidae. It is endemic to Peru.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Emberiza
The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus Emberiza, the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.
Doug Graham (Canadian politician)
Doug Graham is a Canadian politician, who was elected to in the Yukon Legislative Assembly in the 2011 election. He represented the electoral district of Porter Creek North as a member of the Yukon Party caucus until his defeat in the 2016 election.

He previously represented the district of Whitehorse Porter Creek West from 1978 to 1982.

Before becoming a territorial legislator a second time, Graham was elected in 2009 as a city councillor in Whitehorse, carrying the highest number of votes amongst all candidates. In 2021, he ran for the Whitehorse City Council a second time, narrowly missing being elected by 22 votes.

2011 Yukon general election
The 2011 general election in Yukon, Canada, took place on October 11, 2011, to return members to the 33rd Yukon Legislative Assembly.

The incumbent government was led by Darrell Pasloski, who was elected as leader of the Yukon Party at a convention on May 28, 2011, replacing former Premier Dennis Fentie. The Yukon Party won its third majority government, with Elizabeth Hanson's NDP becoming the Official Opposition, replacing the Liberal Party, whose leader Arthur Mitchell was unable to return to the Assembly.
Ullensvang Church
Ullensvang Church (Norwegian: Ullensvang kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Lofthus. It is the church for the Ullensvang parish which is part of the Hardanger og Voss prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The large stone church was built in a long church design around the year 1250 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 350 people.

The church was built in the 13th century and has been remodeled and expanded several times over the centuries. Colloquially, the church is known as the Hardangerdomen (lit. 'Hardanger Dome') due to its size, history, and central location in the Hardanger region of the county.

Hardanger
Hardanger is a traditional district in Vestland county, Norway. The region is dominated by the Hardangerfjord and its inner branches of the Sørfjorden and the Eidfjorden. The district consists of Ullensvang Municipality, Eidfjord Municipality, Ulvik Municipality, and Kvam Municipality.

The area is dominated by the vast Hardangervidda plateau in the east and the large Folgefonna glacier on the central Folgefonna peninsula. The district was selected as the millennium site for the old Hordaland county.

In the early Viking Age, before Harald Fairhair, Hardanger was a petty kingdom with its capital at Kinsarvik.
Pelham Memorial High School
The Pelham Memorial High School is the only high school within the town of Pelham, New York, United States. It is part of the Pelham Union Free School District.

The district (of which this is the sole comprehensive high school) includes The Town of Pelham, which has Pelham Village and Pelham Manor Village. As of 1997 a small portion of land that is between Pelham and Pelham Bay Park, with a total of 35 houses, is a part of the Bronx but is cut off from the rest of the borough due to the way the county boundaries were established. The New York City government pays for the residents' children to go to Pelham Union Free School District (UFSD) schools, including Pelham Memorial High School, since that is more cost-effective than sending school buses to take the students to New York City Public Schools. This arrangement has been in place since 1948. As of 1997 one student at Pelham Memorial lived in this section, and New York City paid Pelham UFSD $15,892.86 per year for that student.

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
2005–06 Cleveland Cavaliers season
The 2005–06 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 36th season of NBA basketball in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cavaliers finished the season with a 50–32 record, and a second-place finish in the Central Division, returning to the playoffs for the first time since 1998. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers defeated the Washington Wizards in six games in the first round and reached the semi-finals of the Eastern Conference where they lost in seven games to the Detroit Pistons. LeBron James was the team's leading scorer and was named to the All-NBA first team. He was also selected to play in the 2006 NBA All-Star Game where he won his first All-Star MVP.

For this season, they added new dark blue road alternate uniforms added side panels to their jerseys and shorts, they remained in use until 2010.

2005–06 Washington Wizards season
The 2005–06 Washington Wizards season was the team's 45th in the NBA. They began the season hoping to improve upon their 45-37 output from the previous season. They came up three games short of matching it, finishing 42–40, but qualified for the playoffs for the second straight season. In January 2006, the MCI Center's name was changed to Verizon Center, which lasted until 2017.
Xochiquetzallia
Xochiquetzallia is a genus of geophytic flowering plants of the subfamily Brodiaeoideae in the family Asparagaceae. The genus contains four species: three previously classified within the genus Dandya and one other previously classified within Milla. Earlier genetic and morphological research had shown that the broad Milla clade of plants is made up of two sister lineages. The four plant species now within Xochiquetzallia make up one of these lineages, and are more closely related to each other than they are to the second lineage, which is made up of the remaining Milla species, Dandya purpusii, and the genera Behria, Bessera, Jaimehintonia and Petronymphe. Jorge Gutiérrez and Teresa Terrazas, two of the botanists who worked on the earlier research, followed up in 2020 with a paper formally transferring the four species from Dandya and Milla to Xochiquetzallia.

All four Xochiquetzallia species occur in Mexico's Río Balsas watershed, south of Mexico City.

Balsas River
The Balsas River (Spanish Río Balsas, also locally known as the  Mezcala River, or Atoyac River) is a major river of south-central Mexico.

The basin flows through the states of Guerrero, México, Morelos, and Puebla. Downstream of Ciudad Altamirano, Guerrero, it forms the border between Guerrero and Michoacán. The river flows through the Sierra Madre del Sur, and empties into the Pacific Ocean at Mangrove Point, adjacent to the city of Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán. Several rapids along the course of the Balsas River limit its navigability and thus the river has been largely used for generation of hydroelectric power, flood control and irrigation.
Molly Jugadai Napaltjarri
Molly Jugadai Napaltjarri (c.1954–2011) was a Pintupi- and Luritja-speaking Aboriginal artist from Australia's Western Desert region. Her paintings are held in major collections, including the National Gallery of Australia.

National Gallery of Australia
The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art. Located in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory, it was established in 1967 by the Australian Government as a national public art museum. As of 2022 it is under the directorship of Nick Mitzevich.
Jackie Down the Line
"Jackie Down the Line" is a song by Irish band, Fontaines D.C. The song is the lead single off of their third studio album, Skinty Fia and was released on 12 January 2022.

"Jackie Down the Line" is the band's first song to chart in the United States, reaching number 40 in the Billboard Adult Alternative Airplay.

Adult Alternative Airplay
Adult Alternative Airplay (also known as Triple A or Triple A Airplay, and formerly Adult Alternative Songs and Triple A Songs) is a record chart currently published by Billboard that ranks the most popular songs on adult album alternative radio stations. The 40-position chart is formulated based on each song's weekly radio spins, as measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems. 
The current number-one song on the chart is "The Great Divide" by Noah Kahan.
Village High School
Village High School (commonly called Village) is a public continuation high school located in Pleasanton, California, United States, a community in the San Francisco East Bay area. Village is a part of the Pleasanton Unified School District, which also includes Amador Valley High School and Foothill High School. The high school was formed for students from Amador Valley and Foothill with low grades, multiple absences, or credit deficiencies.

East Bay
37°42′N 122°00′W﻿ / ﻿37.7°N 122°W﻿ / 37.7; -122

The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.8 million in 2024, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area, containing the second- and third-most populous Bay Area counties of Alameda (1.7 million) and Contra Costa (1.1 million).

Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay by population and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon, and Walnut Creek.