hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neely Spence Gracey
Neely Spence Gracey (born 16 April 1990) is an American long-distance runner who competes in distances from 5000 metres to the marathon. She twice represented her country at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and was the top non-African runner in 2013. She also ran at the 2011 Pan American Games.

She attended Shippensburg University and won eight NCAA Division II titles while there. She ran her first half marathon in 2013 then made a marathon debut at the 2016 Boston Marathon, where she was the top American woman. She is the daughter of former marathon runner Steve Spence.

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
Fort Mackinac
Fort Mackinac (/ˈmækənɔː/ MAK-ə-naw) is a former British and American military outpost garrisoned from the late 18th century to the late 19th century in the city of Mackinac Island, Michigan, on Mackinac Island.  The British built the fort during the American Revolutionary War to control the strategic Straits of Mackinac between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and by extension the fur trade on the Great Lakes. The British did not relinquish the fort until thirteen years after the end of the American Revolutionary War.
Fort Mackinac later became the scene of two strategic battles for control of the Great Lakes during the War of 1812. During most of the 19th century, it served as an outpost of the United States Army. Closed in 1895, the fort has been adapted as a museum on the grounds of Mackinac Island State Park.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Jarnołtowo
Jarnołtowo [jarnɔu̯ˈtɔvɔ] (German: Groß-Arnsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Małdyty, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

It was established around 1308 and first mentioned in 1317 as Arnoldisdorff. In 1329–1335 the church was built. 
Between 1750 and 1754 Immanuel Kant, a philosopher, worked here as a tutor.

Ostróda County
Ostróda County (Polish: powiat ostródzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostróda, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Morąg, 25 km (16 mi) north of Ostróda, Miłakowo, 34 km (21 mi) north of Ostróda, and Miłomłyn, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Ostróda.

The county covers an area of 1,764.89 square kilometres (681.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 105,286, out of which the population of Ostróda is 33,419, that of Morąg is 14,497, that of Miłakowo is 2,665, that of Miłomłyn is 2,305, and the rural population is 52,400.
Foreign relations of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines maintains close ties to the US, Canada, and the United Kingdom, and cooperates with regional political and economic organizations such as the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and CARICOM. St. Vincent and the Grenadines is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, and the Association of Caribbean States (ACS). Saint Vincent is also the smallest nation ever to be on the United Nations Security Council.

In May 1997, Prime Minister Mitchell joined 14 other Caribbean leaders and U.S. President Bill Clinton during the first-ever U.S.-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional cooperation on justice and counternarcotics issues, finance and development, and trade.

Saint Vincent is a transshipment point for South American illicit drugs destined for the US and Europe.

James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell KCMG PC (15 May 1931 – 23 November 2021) was a Vincentian politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 1984 to 2000 and as the second Premier of Saint Vincent from 1972 to 1974. He founded the New Democratic Party (NDP) in 1975, and served as its president until 2000.
Sikory-Wojciechowięta
Sikory-Wojciechowięta (Polish pronunciation: [ɕiˈkɔrɨ vɔjt͡ɕɛxɔˈvjɛnta]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobylin-Borzymy, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

Gmina Kobylin-Borzymy
Gmina Kobylin-Borzymy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kobylin-Borzymy, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-east of Wysokie Mazowieckie and 34 km (21 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 119.6 square kilometres (46.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,622 (3,379 in 2013). The area of the gmina is extremely diverse in terms of nature thanks to its location in the Narew National Park. The gmina is of a typically agricultural nature - the terrain is favorable for the cultivation of useful plants and individual farms dominate the agricultural activity.
270 Park Avenue
270 Park Avenue has been the address of several buildings on the west side of Park Avenue, between 47th Street and 48th Street, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City:

Hotel Marguery (1917–1957)

270 Park Avenue (1960–2021), also known as the Union Carbide Building

270 Park Avenue (2025–present), also known as the JPMorgan Chase Tower

270 Park Avenue (2025–present)
270 Park Avenue, also known as the JPMorgan Chase Tower, is a supertall skyscraper on the East Side of the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Since October 21, 2025, it has served as the global headquarters of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the United States. It is the sixth-tallest building in New York and the 35th-tallest building in the world.

Designed by the firm of Foster + Partners with an estimated construction cost of $3 billion, the skyscraper rises 1,388 feet (423 m). Formally topped off in November 2023 and occupied beginning in August 2025, the tower replaces the 52-story Union Carbide Building, built in 1960 and demolished in 2021. The older building was originally the headquarters of American chemical company Union Carbide.
Oberdorf SO railway station
Oberdorf SO railway station (German: Bahnhof Oberdorf SO) is a railway station in the municipality of Oberdorf, in the Swiss canton of Solothurn. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Solothurn–Moutier line of BLS AG and is served by local trains only. The station is adjacent to the valley station for a gondola lift to the Weissenstein.

Weissenstein
The Weissenstein (1,395 m [4,577 ft]) is a mountain of the Jura, located north of Solothurn in the Swiss canton of Solothurn. The culminating point of the chain is distinguished by the name Röti. It is the easternmost summit above 1,300 metres in the Jura Mountains.

Until the end of 2009, there was a 2,339-metre (7,674 ft) chairlift from Oberdorf to the spa hotel on the 1,284-metre-high (4,213 ft) summit near the Weissenstein Pass. It was replaced by a gondola lift at the end of 2014. The tunnel of the railway line Solothurn–Moutier from Oberdorf to Gänsbrunnen on the other side was opened in 1908. The gondola lift crosses the railway track in front of the tunnel portal at Oberdorf, which is the only setting of this kind in Switzerland.

The pass road leading from the village of Oberdorf across the Weissenstein Pass (1,279 m [4,196 ft]) to Gänsbrunnen is one of the steepest in Switzerland (22%).
Norwegian Mathematical Society
The Norwegian Mathematical Society (Norwegian: Norsk matematisk forening, NMF) is a professional society for mathematicians. It was formed in 1918, with Carl Størmer elected as its first president.
It organizes mathematical contests and the annual  Abel symposium and also awards the Viggo Brun Prize to young Norwegian mathematicians for outstanding research in mathematics, including mathematical aspects of information technology, mathematical physics, numerical analysis, and computational science. The 2018 Prize winner was Rune Gjøringbø Haugseng. 
The NMF is a member of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and provides the Norwegian National Committee in the International Mathematical Union.

International Mathematical Union
The International Mathematical Union (IMU) is an international organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics across the world. It is a member of the International Science Council (ISC) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM). Its members are national mathematics organizations from more than 80 countries.

The objectives of the International Mathematical Union are: promoting international cooperation in mathematics, supporting and assisting the International Congress of Mathematicians and other international scientific meetings/conferences, acknowledging outstanding research contributions to mathematics through the awarding of scientific prizes, and encouraging and supporting other international mathematical activities, considered likely to contribute to the development of mathematical science in any of its aspects, whether pure, applied, or educational.
John Charlton Kinchant
John Charlton Kinchant (1846 – November 26, 1923) was a Canadian politician. After being an unsuccessful candidate in the 1894 provincial election, he served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1898 to 1900 from the electoral district of Cariboo. Following his defeat in the 1900 provincial election, he did not attempt to seek a second term in the Legislature in a future election.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
U.S. Girls' Junior
The U.S. Girls' Junior is one of the fifteen U.S. national golf championships organized by the United States Golf Association. It is open to amateur girls who are under 19 on the last day of the competition and have a USGA handicap index of 9.4 or less. It consists of two days of stroke play, with the leading 64 competitors then playing a match play competition to decide the champion.

The inaugural championship was held in 1949 and was won by Marlene Bauer from a field of 28 entries.

Aree Wongluekiet, now Aree Song, is the youngest winner at 13 years, 99 days in 1999. Hollis Stacy is the only three-time winner of the tournament.

Match play
Match play is a scoring system for golf in which a player, or team, earns a point for each hole in which they have bested their opponents; as opposed to stroke play, in which the total number of strokes is counted over one or more rounds of 18 holes. In match play the winner is the player, or team, with the most points at the end of play.

Although most professional tournaments are played using the stroke play scoring system, there are, or have been, some exceptions, for example the now defunct WGC Match Play and the Volvo World Match Play Championship, and most team events, for example the Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup, all of which are in match play format.
Unwell (podcast)
Unwell, a Midwestern Gothic Mystery is a drama-dark fantasy horror podcast produced by Hartlife NFP. It premiered on February 19, 2019, and concluded on September 13, 2023, with the end of its fifth season.

The story follows a woman named Lilian "Lily" Harper (voiced by Clarisa Cherie Rios) returning back to her native remote town of Mt. Absalom, Ohio to look after her semi-estranged mother Dorothy "Dot" Harper (Marsha Harman), who runs a boarding house and recently suffered an injury; as strange events multiply, Lily and boarding house residents Abigail "Abbie" Douglas (Kathleen Hoil) and Rudolphus "Rudy" Peltham (Joshua K. Harris) start suspecting that Mt. Absalom -and its residents- are hiding many secrets. The podcast won a 2021 Audio Drama Award from the BBC.

Boarding house
A boarding house is a house (frequently a family home) in which lodgers rent one or more rooms on a nightly basis and sometimes for extended periods of weeks, months, or years. The common parts of the house are maintained, and some services, such as laundry and cleaning, may be supplied. It normally provides "room and board", with some meals as well as accommodation.

Lodgers legally obtain a licence, not exclusive possession, to use their rooms and so the landlord retains the right of access.
Cats and Peachtopia
Cats and Peachtopia (simplified Chinese: 猫与桃花源; traditional Chinese: 貓與桃花源), released in some regions as Cats, is a 2018 Chinese animated adventure comedy-drama fantasy film directed and written by Gary Wang, produced by Light Chaser Animation Studios. The film follows a cat named Blanket who embarks on an adventure to find his son who's thinking about the cat's paradise.

Cats was originally released in China on 5 April 2018.

Gary Wang (Chinese businessman)
Gary Wang or Wang Wei (Chinese: 王微; pinyin: Wáng Wēi; born May 8, 1973) is a Chinese businessman. He is the founder of the Chinese video sharing company Tudou.com and served as its CEO until August 2012. He is currently the founder of Light Chaser Animation Studios, an animation studio based in Beijing. Wang is also a novelist, screenwriter, and playwright. He holds a bachelor's degree in computer Science from the Johns Hopkins University, and an MBA from INSEAD.
Gustav Vilbaste
Gustav Vilbaste  (until 1935 Gustav Vilberg; 3 September 1885 in Haavakannu, Kodasoo Parish – 21 February 1967 in Tallinn) was an Estonian botanist, publicist and conservationist.

He wrote the first Estonian-language keybooks on Estonian flora.

He was an honorary member of the Estonian Naturalists' Society.

Estonian Naturalists' Society
Estonian Naturalists' Society (Estonian: Eesti Looduseuurijate Selts, ELUS) is the oldest Estonia-based society of naturalists. It was founded in 1853, and since establishing has been the major scientific organisation focusing on natural history of Estonia.

The society is based in Tartu. It has been associated with Tartu University and the Estonian Academy of Sciences. The society still operates (2018) and claims to be the oldest scientific society in the Baltic states.

The society owns a rich library that is specialised on the publications about Estonian nature. Society site: elus.ee.
Georgi Koshelev
Georgi Georgiyevich Koshelev (Russian: Гео́ргий Гео́ргиевич Ко́шелев) (1930 – 1996) was a Soviet production designer and set decorator. Koshelev has worked as a set decorator at Mosfilm in 1961 – 1986. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his work on the epic film War and Peace (1967).
After leaving Mosfilm due to illness, he was engaged in painting and iconography, drawing posters for films.

Academy Award for Best Production Design
The Academy Award for Best Production Design recognizes achievement for art direction in film. The category's original name was Best Art Direction, but was changed to its current name in 2012 for the 85th Academy Awards. This change resulted from the Art Directors' branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) being renamed the Designers' branch. Since 1947, the award is shared with the set decorators. It is awarded to the best interior design in a film.

The films below are listed with their production year (for example, the 2000 Academy Award for Best Art Direction is given to a film from 1999). In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees in alphabetical order.
Propanephosphonic acid anhydride
Propanephosphonic acid anhydride (PPAA, T3P) is the trimeric anhydride of n-propylphosphonic acid. It is a useful reagent for peptide synthesis reactions, where it activates the carboxylic acid partner for subsequent reaction with a primary or secondary amine. It is commercially available as 50 % solution in DMF or ethyl acetate as a slightly yellow mixture.

See:

An example of T3P being used is in the Pfizer synthesis of dacomitinib or in the Neurosearch synthesis of SNDRI's e.g. PC44156003. Another application was in the last step of the synthesis of Selinexor, & in the synthesis of darolutamide.

Dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide, DMF is an organic compound with the chemical formula HCON(CH3)2. Its structure is HC(=O)−N(−CH3)2. Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for dimethylfuran, or dimethyl fumarate), this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids. DMF is a common solvent for chemical reactions. Dimethylformamide is odorless, but technical-grade or degraded samples often have a fishy smell due to impurity of dimethylamine. Dimethylamine degradation impurities can be removed by sparging samples with an inert gas such as argon or by sonicating the samples under reduced pressure. As its name indicates, it is structurally related to formamide, having two methyl groups in the place of the two hydrogens. DMF is a polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent with a high boiling point. It facilitates reactions that follow polar mechanisms, such as SN2 reactions.
Islam in Nicaragua
According to 2007 statistics released by the United States Department of State concerning Islam in Nicaragua, there are approximately 1,200 to 1,500 Muslims, mostly Sunnis who are resident aliens or naturalized citizens from Palestine, Libya, and Iran or natural-born Nicaraguan citizens born to both of the two groups. The Islamic Cultural Center in Managua serves as the primary salaat (prayer) center for Muslims in the city, with approximately 320 men attending on a regular basis. Muslims from Granada, Masaya, Leon, and Chinandega also travel to the Managua center for Friday prayers. Granada, Masaya, and Leon have smaller prayer centers in the homes of prominent local Muslims. In May 2007 the Sunni leader of the Managua prayer center was dismissed, due to the increase in Iranian influence in the Muslim community and was to be replaced by a Shi'a religious leader. By the end of the reporting period (May 2007) the Shi'a leader had not been identified.

Chinandega
Chinandega (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃinanˈdeɣa]) is a city and the departmental seat of Chinandega department in Nicaragua. It is also the administrative centre of the surrounding municipality of the same name. It is Nicaragua's 2nd most important city (economy) and 6th largest city, with a population of 115,067 (2022 estimate), and a total of 137,539 in the municipality. It is located about 134 kilometres (83 mi) northwest of Managua and about 72 kilometres (45 mi) southwest of El Guasaule, on the border with Honduras. Chinandega is situated about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Pacific Ocean.

The city is served by Chinandega Airport.

The region around Chinandega produces agricultural products, particularly oil, flour, peanuts, shrimp, and sugarcane, and distilled liquors.

The city's weather is warm and humid due to its location at a low altitude in the tropics.
George C. Schatz
George Chappell Schatz (born April 14, 1949), the Morrison Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University,  is a theoretical chemist best known for his seminal contributions to the fields of reaction dynamics and nanotechnology.

Theoretical chemistry
Theoretical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which develops theoretical generalizations that are part of the theoretical arsenal of modern chemistry: for example, the concepts of chemical bonding, chemical reaction, valence, the surface of potential energy, molecular orbitals, orbital interactions, and molecule activation.
Marvin Rotrand
Marvin Rotrand (born 1951) is a former Canadian politician, last sitting as an independent. He previously served as a member of Montreal City Council, representing the district of Snowdon. Rotrand served on Montreal city council from 1982 until 2021, and was its dean for several years; he worked full-time in his duties. Rotrand was serving B’Nai Brith Canada as its national director of the League of Human Rights.

B'nai Brith Canada
B'nai Brith Canada (/bəˌneɪ ˈbrɪθ/ bə-NAY BRITH; BBC; from Hebrew: בני ברית, romanized: b'né brit, lit. 'Children of the Covenant') is a Canadian Jewish service organization and advocacy group. It is the Canadian chapter of B'nai B'rith International and has offices in Toronto, Winnipeg, Montreal, and Vancouver.
Ashtat Yeztayar
Ashtat Yeztayar[a] was an Iranian military officer under the Sasanian king Khosrow II (r. 590–628).

Ashtat is first mentioned 606/7 as being appointed as the leader of the Sasanian invasion of Armenia, thus succeeding the previous Sasanian commander of Armenia, Senitam Khusro. During his invasion of Armenia, he is said to have had the son of the former Byzantine emperor Maurice, Theodosius, as his companion (or one pretending to be him). Ashtat soon managed to rout a Byzantine army at Phasiane and then harassed them as far as Satala.

He then marched towards Theodosiopolis, and managed to make the city surrender by showing them Theodosius. He then seized several Armenian cities such as Citharizum, Satala, Nicopolis and Apastiay. After that, Ashtat Yeztayar disappears from mention in sources. He was shortly succeeded by Shahin Vahmanzadegan in 607/8.

Citharizum
Citharizum (Greek: Κιθαρίζων) was a town and fortress on the south arm of the Euphrates in the Roman province of Armenia III. It was a place of great strength which was built by the emperor Justinian and was the residence of one of the five prefects whom that emperor placed over Roman Armenia with the title of “Dux.”

According to Procopius of Caesarea, the city was located in the Asthianene region. The fortress was separated from Theodosiopolis (ancient Armenia) by a journey of four days. Balabitene, a region between Mons Masius and Anti-Taurus, north of Commagene and Mesopotamia, is also discussed as a possible location. Citharizum is often associated with the modern village of Keteriz.

Although only a small town, it was an important point of defence for the Byzantine Empire against the Persians. Justinian built a castle there, in which he stationed a garrison under the command of a duke. In 613, it was taken by Ashot, a general of the Persian king, Chosroes II.