hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Hill 731
The Battle of Hill (Height) 731 (Greek: Μάχη του υψώματος 731), was a fierce battle fought during World War II in southern Albania, part of the Greco-Italian War. It began in the early morning of 9 March 1941, when the Kingdom of Italy launched an assault (Operation Primavera) against Greece, aimed at capturing the critical mountain pass leading into the Kalpaki valley.

Hill 731, strategically located 20 km north of Klisura (Këlcyrë) at the feet of Mount Trebeshinë, stood at the heart of the Greek defensive line. Despite being repeatedly and heavily attacked by superior Italian forces for over two weeks, Hill 731 was not captured, contributing to the failure of the Primavera offensive and the repulsion of Italians.

Kalpaki
Kalpaki (Greek: Καλπάκι) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality Pogoni, of which it is a municipal unit. It is situated about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Ioannina, and southwest of Konitsa. The municipal unit has an area of 116.756 km2, and the community 13.189 km2. The Greek National Road 20 connects Kalpaki with Ioannina and Konitsa. The GR-22 connects Kalpaki with Kakavia, the border crossing into southern Albania.
Gubnagree
Gubnagree (from Irish Gub na Graí, meaning 'The Headland of the Horse Stud') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Corlough and barony of Tullyhaw.

Templeport
Templeport (Irish: Teampall an Phoirt) is a civil parish in the barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland. The chief towns in the parish are Bawnboy and Ballymagauran. The large Roman Catholic parish of Templeport containing 42,172 statute acres was split up in the 18th & 19th centuries into three new parishes, Templeport, Corlough and Glangevlin.
Henry Converse Atwill
Henry Converse Atwill (1872–1936) was an American politician who served as Massachusetts Attorney General from 1915 to 1919. He was born in Lynn in 1872.

Atwill served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1896 to 1898 and the Massachusetts Senate from 1899 to 1901. From 1905 to 1910 he was an Assistant District Attorney in Essex County, Massachusetts. When District Attorney W. Scott Peters retired, Atwill was elected to succeed him. As Essex County DA, Atwill oversaw the prosecution of Joseph James Ettor, Arturo Giovannitti, and Joseph Caruso for the murder of Anna Lopizzo during the 1912 Lawrence Textile Strike.

Atwill was elected Attorney General in 1914. He resigned in 1919 and Henry A. Wyman completed his term. He died November 1, 1936.

Arturo Giovannitti
Arturo M. Giovannitti (Italian: [dʒovanˈnitti]; January 7, 1884 – December 31, 1959) was an Italian-American union leader, socialist political activist, and poet. He is best remembered as one of the principal organizers of the 1912 Lawrence textile strike and as a defendant in a celebrated trial caused by that event.
Eddie Imazu
Edwin Yasuhei Imazu (Japanese: 今津 安平, 12 November 1897 – 29 May 1979) was a Japanese-American art director and production designer, whose 50-year career in Hollywood included television and movie credits. A 1936 Academy Award co-nominee for best art direction on The Great Ziegfeld, Imazu worked with Hollywood actors including Spencer Tracy, John Wayne and Marlon Brando. He was born in Yamaguchi, Japan and died in Los Angeles.

Metro Pictures
Metro Pictures Corporation was a motion picture production company founded in early 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It was a forerunner of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company produced its films in New York, Los Angeles, and sometimes at leased facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. It was purchased in 1919.
Yosra El Lozy
Yosra El Lozy (Arabic: يسرا اللوزي, IPA: [ˈjosɾˤɑ lˈloːzi]; born August 8, 1985) is an Egyptian actress. She has received many awards from regional and international film festivals. She has won various awards for her acting in Qobolat Masrouqa (2008), Bel-Alwan el-Tabe'eya (2009), Heliopolis (2010) and Microphone (2011). She has also provided voice dubbing in Arabic for several films and television series.

International Film Festival Cinematik
International Film Festival Cinematik (IFFC) is an international film festival in Piešťany, Slovakia, annually held during second week of September. The 14th year was held from 10 to 15 September 2019. Festival is focusing primarily on European and Slovak cinematography.

The organizers of the festival are non-governmental organization MFF Piešťany, o.z., backed by the City of Piešťany and Slovak Health Spa Piešťany. The festival takes place at seven locations: the House of Arts, Fontana cinema, Cinema club, the music pavilion, Kursalon, on Spa island by Bažant cinema and bar Žiwell.
2023 Canadian Championship
The 2023 Canadian Championship (French: Championnat canadien 2023) was the sixteenth edition of the Canadian Championship, the premier men's domestic cup competition in Canadian soccer, and the 22nd competition staged to determine the winner of the Voyageurs Cup. It was a knockout tournament with all eleven professional men's soccer teams in Canada, from Major League Soccer and the Canadian Premier League, competing, along with the champions of the three semi-professional League1 Canada competitions. The tournament marked the first Voyageurs Cup campaign for FC Laval, TSS FC Rovers and Vancouver FC.

This tournament was notable for the TSS FC Rovers' performance, as they made the quarter-finals in their debut appearance by upsetting Valour FC in the first round. In doing so, they became the first non-professional team in the history of the competition to advance past a fully professional opponent.

Voyageurs Cup
The Voyageurs Cup (French: Coupe des Voyageurs) is the domestic trophy for professional soccer in Canada, awarded to the best men's club in the country.

The trophy was conceived and commissioned by fans of the Canada men's national team, the Voyageurs. From 2002 to 2007, the cup was awarded annually to the Canadian team finishing with the best record in the USL First Division, from regular-season matches against other Canadian teams in the league. Since 2008, the trophy has been presented to the winner of the Canadian Championship, which also awards Canada's berth in the CONCACAF Champions Cup. The current cup holders are Vancouver Whitecaps FC, after winning the 2025 Canadian Championship.
GAA... (TV programme)
GAA 2025 is a Gaelic games highlights programme on Irish language-broadcaster TG4. The title of the programme changes each year to incorporate the year of broadcast.

Typically, it is shown on TG4 on Monday evenings from 20:00 and shows highlights of hurling and Gaelic football matches in the club championships, National Leagues, Fitzgibbon Cup and Sigerson Cup. During the summers months the programme is styled as Championship... and shows highlights of the provincial and All-Ireland Championships at minor, under-21 and senior levels.

TG4
TG4 (/ˌtiː dʒiː ˈkæhər/; Irish: TG Ceathair, pronounced [ˌtʲeːɟeː ˈcahəɾʲ]) is an Irish free-to-air public service television channel. It launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on-demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond.

TG4 was initially known as Teilifís na Gaeilge (TnaG), before being renamed in 1999. It was the third national station to be launched in Ireland, after RTÉ One in 1961 (as Teilifís Éireann) and RTÉ Two in 1978. It was followed by a fourth channel, TV3 (now called Virgin Media One), in 1998.

On average 1.2m people watch TG4 in the Republic of Ireland every week. 650,000 viewers tune into the channel each day. It has a 2% share of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland and 3% of the national television market in Northern Ireland. The daily Irish-language programme schedule is its core service: seven hours of programming in Irish supported by a wide range of material in other languages, mostly English and French.
WGHL
WGHL (105.1 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Shepherdsville, Kentucky, and broadcasting to the Louisville metropolitan area. It airs an alternative rock radio format and it is owned by Connoisseur Media.  It carries the nationally syndicated Woody Show in morning drive time from KYSR Los Angeles.  WGHL's studios are on Shelbyville Road in Downtown Louisville.

WGHL has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 1,900 watts.  The transmitter tower is on Top Hill Road in the Jefferson Memorial Forest in Fairdale.

Radio masts and towers
Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two main types: guyed and self-supporting structures. They are among the tallest human-made structures. Masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally built them or currently use them.

A mast radiator or radiating tower is one in which the metal mast or tower itself is energized and functions as the transmitting antenna.
Asian Studies Review
Asian Studies Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge on behalf of the Asian Studies Association of Australia (ASAA). The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Bibliography of Asian Studies. ASAA ran a newsletter from 1975, switching to journal format in 1977, and called the ASAA Review. It obtained its present name in 1998. Editors-in-chief have included Anthony Reid, Kam Louie, Jamie Mackie, and Anthony Milner. The current editor-in-chief is Dirk Tomsa (La Trobe University). The best article of the year, as judged by a panel, is awarded the Wang Gungwu Prize.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 1.2.

Association for Asian Studies
The Association for Asian Studies (AAS) is a scholarly, non-political, and non-profit professional association focusing on Asia and the study of Asia. It is based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.

The Association provides members with the AAS Annual Conference (a large conference of 3,000+ normally based in North America each spring), publications, regional conferences, and other activities.
My Dinner with Weegee
My Dinner with Weegee is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Donigan Cumming and released in 2001. The film is a portrait of Marty Corbin, an elderly man isolated by poor health who recounts stories from his younger days as a labour organizer and peace activist, including his social interactions with notable figures including activists David Dellinger, Daniel Berrigan, Philip Berrigan and Bayard Rustin, photographer Weegee, and writer James Agee.

The film won the award for best short or medium-length film from the Association québécoise des critiques de cinéma in 2002, and was a Jutra Award nominee for Best Documentary Film at the 4th Jutra Awards in 2002.

Association québécoise des critiques de cinéma
The Association québécoise des critiques de cinéma (AQCC) is a Canadian organization of film critics from Quebec.

Formed in 1973, the organization currently presents two annual awards: the Prix Luc-Perreault for best Quebec film of the year and an award for best international film of the year, It also sponsors awards at various Quebec film festivals, including the Fantasia Film Festival, the Saguenay International Short Film Festival, the Montreal International Documentary Festival, and the Festival du nouveau cinéma.

The organization's current president is Claire Valade, a critic for the film journals Panorama-cinéma and Séquences.

In 2013, the organization celebrated its 40th anniversary by sponsoring a special screening series of classic Quebec films at the Cinémathèque québécoise.
2022 Philippine local elections
Local elections in the Philippines took place on May 9, 2022. These were conducted together with the 2022 general election for national positions. All elected positions above the barangay (village) level but below the regional level were disputed. The following 18,180 positions will be disputed:

81 provincial governorships and vice-governorships

782 Provincial Board (Sangguniang Panlalawigan) members

1,634 mayorships and vice-mayorships

13,558 city and municipal councilors (Sangguniang Panlungsod and Sangguniang Bayan)

The elective positions in the Bangsamoro was originally scheduled to be held with these elections, but was postponed to 2025, concurrently with the 2025 elections.

The elective positions in the barangays won't be decided on this day as well. These will be held on October 30, 2023.

Sangguniang Bayan
The Sangguniang Bayan (lit. 'municipal council') is the local legislative branch of the municipal governments in the Philippines. It is responsible for passing ordinances and resolutions for the administration of a municipality. Its powers are defined by the Local Government Code, passed by Congress in 1991.

The Sangguniang Bayan is a form of the mayor–council government, via the "strong mayor" variant.
Gaussian optics
Gaussian optics is a technique in geometrical optics that describes the behaviour of light rays in optical systems by using the paraxial approximation, in which only rays which make small angles with the optical axis of the system are considered. In this approximation, trigonometric functions can be expressed as linear functions of the angles. Gaussian optics applies to systems in which all the optical surfaces are either flat or are portions of a sphere. In this case, simple explicit formulae can be given for parameters of an imaging system such as focal length, magnification and brightness, in terms of the geometrical shapes and material properties of the constituent elements.

Gaussian optics is named after mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss, who showed that an optical system can be characterized by a series of cardinal points, which allow one to calculate its optical properties.

Magnification
Magnification is the process of enlarging the apparent size, not physical size, of something. This enlargement is quantified by a size ratio called optical magnification. When this number is less than one, it refers to a reduction in size, sometimes called de-magnification.

Typically, magnification is related to scaling up visuals or images to be able to see more detail, increasing resolution, using microscope, printing techniques, or digital processing. In all cases, the magnification of the image does not change the perspective of the image.
Cteniopus sulphureus
Cteniopus sulphureus, the sulphur beetle, is a species of comb-clawed beetles belonging to the family Tenebrionidae subfamily Alleculinae.

These beetles are mainly present in Denmark, Finland, Slovenia, Italy and Sweden.

The adults grow up to 7–8 millimetres (0.28–0.31 in) long. Elytra are pale yellow, while head and pronotum are orange-yellow. The shape of the head is extended forward. These thermophilic beetles can mainly be encountered in sunny places on inflorescences of Apiaceae and Asteraceae species, especially Achillea species.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Warren Bolster
Warren Edward Bolster (June 11, 1947 in Arlington, Virginia – September 6, 2006 in Mokuleia, Hawaii) was an American skateboard photographer during the mid-1970s rebirth of skateboarding.

He was responsible for reviving Skateboarder Magazine, considered "the bible" of skate magazines, and his skateboarding photojournalism helped popularize and define the wheeled sport during its explosive rebirth in the 1970s. Later in his career, he became an accomplished surfboard photographer in Hawaii.

Mokulēʻia, Hawaii
Mokulēʻia (Hawaiian pronunciation: [mokuleːˈʔijə]) is a North Shore community and census-designated place (CDP) in the Waialua District on the island of Oʻahu, City & County of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States. Mokulēʻia means "isle [of] abundance" in Hawaiian. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 1,816. Features of interest here include Mokulēʻia Beach, Mokulēʻia Polo Field, and Dillingham Airfield, west of the town.

At the western end of Farrington Highway, approximately 1-mile (1.6 km) beyond Dillingham Airfield entrance, begins the track (trail) to Kaʻena Point, the westernmost tip of Oʻahu.

The U.S. postal code for Mokulēʻia is 96791.
Hôtel de Ville, Vitry-sur-Seine
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a municipal building in Vitry-sur-Seine, Val-de-Marne, in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, standing on Avenue Youri Gagarine.

Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: [val də maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Marne') is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of Paris’ city centre. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 94.
Kshitish Mohan Lahiri
Kshitish Mohan Lahiri (also known as Kshiti Mohan Lahiri) was the Zamindar of Mohanpur in District Pabna (now in Sirajganj District, Bangladesh). His family was known for nationalist activities against the British rule in India. His son Rajendra Nath Lahiri was a Bengali revolutionary. Ksitish Mohan Lahiri himself was involved in various developmental activities in Pabna. In 1915, with the help of one of his close associates Rasikendra Nath Nandi he established a school named K. M. Institution at Lahiri Mohanpur, on the land donated by Kshitish Mohan Lahiri. Lahiri also provided land to build a railway station at Lahiri Mohanpur (now in Sirajganj District). In 1909, Kshitish Mohan Lahiri's family permanently sifted to Varanasi.

Sirajganj District
Sirajganj District (Bengali: সিরাজগঞ্জ জেলা) is a district in North Bengal, Bangladesh, it is located in Rajshahi Division. It is the 25th largest district by area and 9th largest district by population in Bangladesh. It is known as the gateway to North Bengal.

Its administrative headquarter is Sirajganj. It is famous for its hand-loom cottage industries. In 1885, Sirajganj emerged as a thana. Formerly under Mymensingh District in Dacca Division, it was transferred to Pabna District on 15 February 1866. It was upgraded to become a subdivision of Pabna in 1885. In 1984, it was upgraded to a district.
Darrangamela
Darrangamela, commonly known as Darranga mela or Darangamela or Darranga, is a census village in Tamulpur district, Assam, India. As per the 2011 Census of India the village has a total population of 1,123 people including 584 males and 539 females with a literacy rate of 73.02%.

The Darrangamela village is located in India-Bhutan border area. The Darrangamela village carries a long history of militancy-affected areas with activities of both the militants and security forces.

Bhutan–India border
The Bhutan–India border is the open international border separating the Kingdom of Bhutan from the Republic of India. The border is 699 km (434 m) long, and adjoins the Indian states of Assam (267 km; 166 m), Arunachal Pradesh (217 km; 135 m), West Bengal (183 km; 114 m), and Sikkim (32 km; 20 m).
NGC 5121
NGC 5121 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Centaurus. The galaxy lies about 80 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 5121 is approximately 55,000 light years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on June 26, 1834.

The galaxy has a bright nucleus, which is inactive. The nuclear region appears elongated, maybe due to the presence of a bar. The isophotes of the bulge appear circular towards the centre but become elliptical at its outer regions. The galaxy is unbarred. The bulge is surrounded by a low surface brightness disk. The disk features a spiral pattern with multiple tightly wound spiral arms. The spiral pattern is subtle and thus the galaxy had been classified in the past as a lenticular galaxy.

NGC 5121 is the foremost galaxy of the NGC 5121 Group, also known as LGG 349. Other members of the group include ESO 382- 45, ESO 324- 23, ESO 382- 31, NGC 5121A, and ESO 324- 26.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Alfred H. Noble
General Alfred Houston Noble (October 26, 1894 – September 27, 1983) was a United States Marine Corps general who served in combat with the Marines from World War I in the Battle of Belleau Wood to World War II in the Pacific theater. His last command, before retiring from the Marine Corps with over 39 years of service, was as commanding general, Fleet Marine Force,  Atlantic in Norfolk, Virginia.

Battle of Belleau Wood
The Battle of Belleau Wood (1–26 June 1918) was a major battle that occurred during the German spring offensive in World War I, near the Marne River in France. The battle was fought by the U.S. 2nd (under the command of Major General Omar Bundy) and 3rd Divisions along with French and British forces against an assortment of German units including elements from the 237th, 10th, 197th, 87th, and 28th Divisions.

In United States Marines Corps lore dating back to the battle, the nickname Teufel Hunden (Devil Dogs) was given to the Marines by German troops. The battle has become a key component of Marine Corps history.
Finn Thorsen
Finn Thorsen (born March 10, 1940) is a retired Norwegian footballer. He was a central defender who played 83 Premier Division games for Skeid between 1963 and 1967, and helped win the cup in 1963 and 1965 and the league championship in 1966. Thorsen later played 72 games for Ham-Kam between 1970 and 1973, scoring their first-ever Premier Division goal when they beat Viking 2-0 in 1970.

He was capped 48 times, and was awarded the Player of the Year title by VG in 1966. VG included him in their Team of the Year in 1964–66 and 1970–72.

Hamarkameratene
Hamarkameratene (lit. 'the Hamar Comrades'), often abbreviated to HamKam or Ham-Kam, is a Norwegian professional football club based in the town of Hamar. The club was founded in 1918, originally under the name Freidig.

HamKam were most recently promoted to the Eliteserien in 2021. A third-place finish in 1970 is the highest position that the team has held in the top division; the club has never progressed beyond the semifinals of the Norwegian Cup, last reaching the semifinals in 1989.

Briskeby Stadion has been the home ground of Hamarkameratene since 1936. The construction of a completely modernized stadium began in 2007 but has never been completed. Originally scheduled to be completed in 2009, the expanded Briskeby is expected to have a capacity of 10,200 spectators on completion, but currently has a capacity of approximately 8,100.