hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transform theory
In mathematics, transform theory is the study of transforms, which relate a function in one domain to another function in a second domain. The essence of transform theory is that by a suitable choice of basis for a vector space a problem may be simplified—or diagonalized as in spectral theory.

Main examples of transforms that are both well known and widely applicable include integral transforms such as the Fourier transform, the fractional Fourier Transform, the Laplace transform, and linear canonical transformations. These transformations are used in signal processing, optics, and quantum mechanics.

Basis (linear algebra)
In mathematics, a set B of elements of  a vector space V is called a basis (pl.: bases) if every element of V can be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of B. The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to B. The elements of a basis are called basis vectors.

Equivalently, a set B is a basis if its elements are linearly independent and every element of V is a linear combination of elements of B. In other words, a basis is a linearly independent spanning set.

A vector space can have several bases; however all the bases have the same number of elements, called the dimension of the vector space.

This article deals mainly with finite-dimensional vector spaces. However, many of the principles are also valid for infinite-dimensional vector spaces.

Basis vectors find applications in the study of crystal structures and frames of reference.
Ernie Lindemann
Ernest Theodore Lindemann (June 10, 1883 – December 27, 1951) was an American professional baseball player who played in 1907.

Lindemann had a long, successful semi-professional baseball career in the New York metropolitan area and was described in The Brooklyn Daily Eagle as "[o]ne of the greatest semi-pro pitchers of the 1900's." He was believed to have recorded more than 600 pitching wins, including victories against Dummy Taylor, Andy Coakley and Hall of Famer Rube Waddell.

He was the subject of contract disputes between independent baseball executive Nat Strong, Brooklyn Dodgers owner Charles Ebbets and New York Yankees owner Frank J. Farrell. The big league owners tried to pressure Strong into cancelling games in which Lindemann was scheduled to pitch.

Semi-professional sports
Semi-professional sports are sports in which athletes are not participating on a full-time basis, but still receive some payment. Semi-professionals are not amateur because they receive regular payment from their team, but generally at a considerably lower rate than a full-time professional athlete. As a result, semi-professional players frequently have (or seek) full-time employment elsewhere. A semi-pro player or team could also be one that represents a place of employment that only the employees are allowed to play on. In this case, it is considered semi-pro because their employer pays them, but for their regular job, not for playing on the company's team.

The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code and each sports organization's specific regulations.
Ben Davies (rugby league, born 1989)
Benjamin (Ben) "Danger" Davies (born 2 November 1989) is a professional rugby league footballer who last played as a prop for Oldham in Kingstone Press League 1. He has previously played for:-

Wigan Warriors

Widnes Vikings

Workington Town

South Wales Scorpions

Barrow Raiders

Castleford Tigers

Halifax RLFC

Whitehaven RLFC

Workington Town
Workington Town  is a semi-professional rugby league club based in Workington, West Cumbria, England. The club plays home games at Derwent Park and competes in the RFL Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Workington have won the League Championship once in 1951 and Challenge Cup in 1952.

The club's traditional home colours are white shirt with a blue band. Their main rivals are Whitehaven, while they also have a Cumbrian rivalry with Barrow Raiders.
Giorgio Parisi
Giorgio Parisi (born 4 August 1948) is an Italian theoretical physicist, whose research has focused on quantum field theory, statistical mechanics and complex systems. His best known contributions are the QCD evolution equations for parton densities, obtained with Guido Altarelli, known as the Altarelli–Parisi or DGLAP equations, the exact solution of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model of spin glasses, the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation describing dynamic scaling of growing interfaces, and the study of whirling flocks of birds. He was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Klaus Hasselmann and Syukuro Manabe for groundbreaking contributions to theory of complex systems, in particular "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales".

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
William James Hill
William James Hill (December 21, 1854 – October 11, 1922) was an Ontario construction contractor and political figure. He represented York West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1898 to 1902 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Toronto, the son of Methodist minister William Hill who came to Upper Canada from Yorkshire, England, and was educated in Toronto. He apprenticed as a bricklayer and later established himself as a contractor. Hill served on the public school board, Toronto City Council and served as reeve for York Township from 1894 to 1897. He married Hannah B. Bloor. He previously ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial legislature in 1894.

Toronto City Council
Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The current term began on November 15, 2022.
2015 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 2014 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 127th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 14 December 2014. The championship began on 6 April 2015 and ended on 25 October 2015.

Ballincollig were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Castlehaven at the quarter-final stage.

On 25 October 2015, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 1-10 to 0-11 defeat of Castlehaven in a final replay at Páirc Uí Rinn. It was their 19th championship title overall and their first title since 2010.

Páirc Uí Rinn
Páirc Uí Rinn (pronounced [ˈpˠaːɾʲc iː ˈɾˠiːn̠ʲ]), also known as Páirc Chríostóir Uí Rinn, is a Gaelic Athletic Association stadium located between Ballinlough and Ballintemple in Cork. It was previously known as Flower Lodge  and was used as an association football stadium. During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, Flower Lodge served as the home ground of three League of Ireland clubs – Cork Hibernians, Albert Rovers and Cork City. It also hosted friendly matches featuring Manchester United, Liverpool and the Republic of Ireland national football team. In 1989 it was purchased by Cork GAA and subsequently renamed after Christy Ring, a former Cork and Glen Rovers hurler. During the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, Páirc Uí Rinn has served as Cork GAA's second home after Páirc Uí Chaoimh. It regularly hosts National Hurling League, National Football League, National Camogie League and All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship fixtures.
Kahu Shivapur
Kahun Shivapur  is a [Rishing Rural Municipality 1&2 (Nepal)Rishing Rural Municipality in Tanahun District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6162 people living in 927 individual households.

Gandaki Zone
Gandaki zone (Nepali: गण्डकी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region.  It was named Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraundi) that make up the Gandaki River. Pokhara served as its regional and zonal headquarter. It was also the birthplace of Bhanubhakta Acharya, first poet of Nepal.

The Gandaki Zone was home to multiple cultures which are unique in themselves. Some, like the Magar and Gurung, have attained fame much like the Gurkha people.
Shiva Prasad Humagain
Shiva Prasad Humagain (Nepali: शिवप्रसाद हुमागाईं) (born 9 July 1961) is a Nepalese politician and a leader of Nepali Congress. He is Central Working Committee Member of Nepali Congress and former Member of Parliament. He served as a Member of Parliament in the Pratinidhi Sabha defeating the then sitting Member of Parliament Keshav Prasad Badal in 1999 election from the Kavre-2 constituency.

1999 Nepalese general election
General elections were held in Nepal on 3 and 17 May 1999. The Nepali Congress emerged as the largest party, gaining 28 seats, while the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN–UML) lost 17.
Truncated 7-orthoplexes
In seven-dimensional geometry, a truncated 7-orthoplex is a convex uniform 7-polytope, being a truncation of the regular 7-orthoplex.

There are 6 truncations of the 7-orthoplex. Vertices of the truncation 7-orthoplex are located as pairs on the edge of the 7-orthoplex. Vertices of the bitruncated 7-orthoplex are located on the triangular faces of the 7-orthoplex. Vertices of the tritruncated 7-orthoplex are located inside the tetrahedral cells of the 7-orthoplex. The final three truncations are best expressed relative to the 7-cube.

Truncation (geometry)
In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new facet in place of each vertex. The term originates from Kepler's names for the Archimedean solids.
Chattogram City Corporation
Chattogram City Corporation (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম সিটি কর্পোরেশন; abbreviated as CCC) is a local government authority responsible for administering all civic services in Chittagong, the second-largest city of Bangladesh. The CCC government is elected by popular vote every five years. The corporation is headed by a mayor, who oversees a council consisting of 55 councillors representing the city's wards. The functions and powers of the CCC are defined under the provisions of the City Corporation Act, 2009.

Council
A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or national level are not considered councils. At such levels, there may be no separate executive branch, and the council may effectively represent the entire government. A board of directors might also be denoted as a council.

A committee might also be denoted as a council, though a committee is generally a subordinate body composed of members of a larger body, while a council may not be. Because many schools have a student council, the council is the form of governance with which many people are likely to have their first experience as electors or participants.

A member of a council may be referred to as a councillor or councilperson, or by the gender-specific titles of councilman and councilwoman.
Morgan State Lady Bears softball
The Morgan State Lady Bears softball team represents Morgan State University in NCAA Division I college softball.  The team competes in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. The Lady Bears are currently led by head coach Larry Hineline. The team plays its home games at Lois T. Murray Field located on the university's campus.

Morgan State University
Morgan State University (Morgan State or MSU) is a public historically black research university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is the third largest among all Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs). In 1890, the university, then known as the Centenary Biblical Institute, changed its name to honor Lyttleton Morgan, the first chairman of its board of trustees and a donor. It became a university in 1975.

Although a public institution, Morgan State is not a part of the University System of Maryland. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Madrid Community School District
The Madrid Community School District, or Madrid Community Schools, is a rural, public school district headquartered in Madrid, Iowa.

The district spans southern Boone County, northeast Dallas County and northwest Polk County.  It serves Madrid and the surrounding rural areas.

Madrid, Iowa
Madrid (/ˈmædrɪd/ MAD-rid) is a city in Douglas Township, Boone County, Iowa, United States. The population was 2,802 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Boone, Iowa Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is a part of the larger Ames-Boone, Iowa Combined Statistical Area.
Warrego Valles
The Warrego Valles are a set of channels in an ancient river valley in the Thaumasia quadrangle of Mars, located at 42.2° south latitude and 93° west longitude. They are 188 km long and were named after a river in Australia.

Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter images showed a network of branching valleys in Thaumasia called the Warrego Valles. These networks are evidence that Mars may have once been warmer, wetter, and perhaps had precipitation in the form of rain or snow.  At first glance they resemble river valleys on Earth.  But sharper images from more advanced cameras reveal that the valleys are not continuous.    They are very old and may have been eroded.  A picture below shows some of these branching valleys.  A study with the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter, Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) and the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) support the idea that the Warrego Valles were formed from precipitation.

Mariner 9
Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program. Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971, from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and reached the planet on November 14 of the same year, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet – only narrowly beating the Soviet probes Mars 2 (launched May 19) and Mars 3 (launched May 28), both of which arrived at Mars only weeks later.

After the occurrence of dust storms on the planet for several months following its arrival, the orbiter managed to send back clear pictures of the surface. Mariner 9 successfully returned 7,329 images, covering 85% of Mars's surface, over the course of its mission, which concluded in October 1972.
Kikuchicamptus
Kikuchicamptus is a genus of copepods in the family Canthocamptidae. The type species is Kikuchicamptus mirabilis The genus was first described in 2022 by Alexander Alexeevich Novikov and Dayana Sharafutdinova.  The genus name honours Yoshiaki Kikuchi, a copepod specialist.

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Compsoctena psammosticha
Compsoctena psammosticha is a moth in the family Eriocottidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

The wingspan is 25–30 mm. The forewings are ochreous, suffusedly reticulated with brownish ochreous. The hindwings are dark grey.

Eriocottidae
Eriocottidae or Old World spiny-winged moths is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera whose position relative to other members of the superfamily Tineoidea is currently unknown. There are two subfamilies, Compsocteninae and Eriocottinae.
Socket F
Socket F is a CPU socket designed by AMD for its Opteron line of CPUs released on August 15, 2006. In 2010 Socket F was replaced by Socket C32 for entry-level servers and Socket G34 for high-end servers.

AMD Turion
AMD Turion is the brand name AMD applies to its x86-64 low-power consumption mobile processors codenamed K8L. The Turion 64 and Turion 64 X2/Ultra processors compete with Intel's mobile processors, initially the Pentium M and the Intel Core and Intel Core 2 processors.
Runway Cop
Runway Cop (Korean: 차형사; RR: Cha hyeongsa; lit. Detective Cha) is a 2012 South Korean action comedy film, starring Kang Ji-hwan and Sung Yu-ri and directed by Shin Tae-ra. It tells the story of an overzealous and overweight detective Cha Cheol-soo who goes undercover as a fashion model in order to solve a case. It reunites the two leads since the television series Hong Gil-dong (2008), and is the second film Kang has worked on with Shin since My Girlfriend Is an Agent (2009).

Hong Gil-dong (TV series)
Hong Gil-dong (Korean: 쾌도 홍길동; RR: Kwaedo Hong Gildong) is a 2008 South Korean television series starring Kang Ji-hwan in the title role, Sung Yu-ri, Jang Keun-suk and Kim Ri-na and is written by the Hong sisters. The drama is loosely based on Hong Gil-dong, a fictional book about a Robin Hood-like character during Korea's Joseon Dynasty, but with modern influences and comedic tones. It aired on KBS2 from January 2 to March 26, 2008 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes.
Halqa
The Halqa is a Moroccan concept that refers to people's theatre, an audience circle in the middle of which is the Helayqi (the artist who presents the show). This term has always been associated with the Moroccan intangible cultural richness of music, dance, singing, and storytelling.

This type of social gathering slid into Moroccan popular culture over time, taking on a unique identity and becoming an intangible cultural asset. The Halqa is a custom that is deeply ingrained in Moroccan culture and is associated with a specific geographic area in Moroccan society. The anthropological interest in the traditions related to the location—dubbed the "place of memory," by Pierre Nora—rose from this.

Rhaita
The rhaita or ghaita (Arabic: غيطة, romanized: ghayṭa) is a double reed instrument from West North Africa, specifically Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Mauritania. It is nearly identical in construction to the Arabic mizmar and the Turkish zurna. The distinctive name owes to a medieval Gothic-Iberian influence. In southern Iberia, various sorts of wind instruments, including the related shawm, are known as gaitas, but in northern Iberia gaita refers only to bagpipes.

The rhaita was featured in The Lord of the Rings soundtracks by Howard Shore, specifically in the Mordor theme. American composer John Corigliano calls one of the movements of his 1975 Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra "Rhaita Dance", asking the oboist to imitate a rhaita by pushing the reed further into their mouth. In 1981 while composing the soundtrack to Altered States Corigliano again called for oboists to mimic the rhaita sound during Three Hallucinations.
1994 Open Gaz de France
The 1994 Open Gaz de France was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Stade Pierre de Coubertin in Paris, France that was part of Tier II of the 1994 WTA Tour. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and was held from 15 February until 20 February 1994. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $80,000 first-prize money.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
The Umbilical Brothers
The Umbilical Brothers are an Australian comedy duo formed in 1988, consisting of David Collins and Shane Dundas. Their performances heavily feature physical comedy and surreal elements. Stage shows by the Umbilical Brothers include Heaven by Storm (1996), Thwack (1999), SpeedMouse (2001), Don't Explain (2007), and Kidshow: Not Suitable For Children (2015).

In 2006, Collins and Dundas created and starred in a children's comedy series called The Upside Down Show, which won a Daytime Emmy Award and a Logie Award for Most Outstanding Children's Program. The series was inspired by the Umbilical Brothers' adult-oriented comedy act SpeedMouse.

The duo's other television appearances include regular skits on The Sideshow and guest performances on the Late Show with David Letterman, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, and Rove.

Logie Award for Most Outstanding Children's Program
The Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Children's Program is an award presented annually at the Australian TV Week Logie Awards. It was first awarded at the 42nd Annual TV Week Logie Awards in 2000, and is given to honour an outstanding Australian children's television program. The winner and nominees of this award are chosen by television industry juries. Hi-5, Round the Twist, My Place, Dance Academy, Nowhere Boys and Bluey hold the record for the most wins, with two each.
60 Minutes season 56
60 Minutes's 56th season aired from September 17, 2023, to May 19, 2024. Full-time hosts include Lesley Stahl, Scott Pelley and Bill Whitaker. Reporters include Sharyn Alfonsi, Anderson Cooper, Cecilia Vega and Jon Wertheim. With additional reporting by Holly Williams in the Ukraine for episode 2 and 29, Norah O'Donnell in episodes 4, 19, 31 and 33, Jonathan LaPook in episodes 4 and 27, and Margaret Brennan in episode 6.

Season 56 introduced a new feature ending each episode called "The Last Minute". The one-minute editorial provides an update on a previous story. The episode with the highest ratings was the first episode of the season.

Norah O'Donnell
Norah Morahan O'Donnell (born January 23, 1974) is an American television journalist who is a senior correspondent for CBS News and a contributing correspondent for 60 Minutes. She is also the host of occasional Person to Person interview specials. Previously, she was the anchor of the CBS Evening News between 2019 and 2025, co-anchor of CBS This Morning between 2012 and 2019, Chief White House Correspondent for CBS News, and a substitute host for CBS Sunday Morning               and Face the Nation.