hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1947 NCAA track and field championships
The 1947 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested at the 26th annual NCAA-hosted track meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of Utah at Ute Stadium  in Salt Lake City.

Illinois repeated as team national champions, capturing their third title in four years and fifth overall.

Illinois Fighting Illini track and field
The Illinois Fighting Illini track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The Fighting Illini compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team is based in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois at the Illinois Soccer and Track Stadium.

The program is coached by Petros Kyprianou. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

The program has won six national collegiate team titles, beginning at the 1921 NCAA Track and Field Championships and most recently at the 1970 DGWS Outdoor Track and Field Championships.
Hey Vern, It's Ernest!
Hey Vern, It's Ernest! is an American children's television program. It aired on Saturday mornings on CBS for one season in 1988. Each episode involved short sketches on a certain theme or scenario, featuring Ernest P. Worrell (Jim Varney), his unseen friend Vern, and various others. The filming locations were in Nashville, Tennessee, and Burbank, California. It was a production of Ernest creator John Cherry's production company, The Emshell Producers' Group, in association with CBS, and was co-produced with DIC Enterprises. The series was later rerun on The Family Channel in the early 1990s.

Unseen character
An unseen character in theatre, comics, film or television, or a silent character in radio or literature, is a character who is mentioned but not directly known to the audience, but who advances the action of the plot in a significant way, and whose absence enhances their effect on the plot.
Douglas State Trail
The Douglas State Trail is a 12.5-mile (20.1 km) multiple-use rail trail in Minnesota, USA.

It occupies the abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor between Rochester and Pine Island, passing through Douglas along the way.  The trail has a paved track for cyclists, hikers, in-line skaters and skiers, as well as a natural surface track for horseback riders and snowmobilers.

The Cannon Valley Trail between Cannon Falls and Red Wing makes use of another segment of the same abandoned CGW right-of-way.

Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States. It is the county seat. It is located along rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota. The population was 121,395 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 123,624 in 2024, making it the third-most populous city in Minnesota. The Rochester metropolitan area has an estimated 230,000 residents. The city is the home and birthplace of Mayo Clinic.

Rochester first developed as a stagecoach stop between Dubuque, Iowa, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. With the creation of the Mayo Clinic in 1864, Rochester became a national center for healthcare, as well as a hub for regional agriculture.  For higher education needs the University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester Community and Technical College, and Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine are located in the city.
Veitel Heine Ephraim
Veitel Heine Ephraim (1703 – 16 May 1775) was a jeweller, silk entrepreneur, mint master, and the chairman of the Jewish congregation in Berlin/Prussia. During the Seven Years' War, Frederick the Great devalued the Prussian coin five times in order to finance the war; debased coins were produced with the help from Ephraim and Daniel Itzig, and spread outside Prussia: in Saxony, Poland, and Kurland. Ephraim and his companion Itzig became infamous for adding copper, up to 70%, so as to debase the coins, which became known as Ephraimiten. Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann, Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, and Leendert Pieter de Neufville also cooperated in the debasement policy. The king's coinage policy became a key element of war financing.

Debasement
A debasement of coinage is the practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins, especially when used in connection with commodity money, such as gold or silver coins, while continuing to circulate it at face value. A coin is said to be debased if the quantity of gold, silver, copper or nickel in the coin is reduced.
Geetha Vazhachal
Geetha Vazhachal is the first woman to become a chieftain of the Kadar tribal community in Vazhachal, Kerala, India. She is an Anganwadi teacher, social activist, and moopathi (chieftain) of the Kadar community who had been working for the upliftment of the Kadars in the Western Ghats region. She played a prominent role in resisting displacement and land rights violations by state development projects such as the Athirappilly Hydroelectric Power Project. She led her community to claim Community Forest Rights under the Forest Rights Act of 2006, which granted them the power to approve or reject projects within their territory.

Land law
Land law is the form of law that deals with the rights to use, alienate, or exclude others from land. In many jurisdictions, these kinds  of property are referred to as real estate or real property, as distinct from personal property. Land use agreements, including renting, are an important intersection of property and contract law. Encumbrance on the land rights of one, such as an easement, may constitute the land rights of another. Mineral rights and water rights are closely linked, and often interrelated concepts.

Land rights are such a basic form of law that they develop even where there is no state to enforce them; for example, the claim clubs of the American West were institutions that arose organically to enforce the system of rules appurtenant to mining. Squatting, the occupation of land without ownership, is a globally ubiquitous phenomenon.
Indigenous land rights is also a perennial related issue.
Tang Hon Sing
Tang Hon Sing (born 7 October 1977) is a Hong Kong former sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He graduated from Beijing Sport University. He formerly held the Hong Kong record for the men's 110 metres hurdles and 400 metres hurdles. He later became an athletics coach.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay races at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program were held on Friday 29 September and Saturday 30 September.

The top two teams in each of the initial five heats automatically qualified for the semi-final. The next six fastest team from across the heats also qualified. The top three teams in each of the semi-finals automatically qualified for the final. The next two fastest team from the semi-finals also qualified.

As of 2028, this is the last time the U.S. team won the men's 4 x 100 meters relay in track & field.
Schinia spinosae
The spinose flower moth (Schinia spinosae) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, including New York and Maryland.

The wingspan is about 22–24 mm.

It uses Polygonella as a host plant, and seems to use Polygonella articulata across much of its northern range.

Polygonum
Polygonum is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the buckwheat and knotweed family Polygonaceae. Common names include knotweed and knotgrass (though the common names may refer more broadly to plants from Polygonaceae). In the Middle English glossary of herbs Alphita (c. 1400–1425), it was known as ars-smerte. There have been various opinions about how broadly the genus should be defined. For example, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) has sometimes been included in the genus as Polygonum fagopyrum. Former genera such as Polygonella have been subsumed into Polygonum; other genera have been split off.

The genus primarily grows in northern temperate regions. The species are very diverse, ranging from prostrate herbaceous annual plants to erect herbaceous perennial plants.

Polygonum species are occasionally eaten by humans, and are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species – see list. Most species are considered weeds in Europe and North America.
Derry (CDP), New Hampshire
Derry is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Derry in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The CDP comprises the urban center of the town, as well as the village of East Derry and connected suburban areas. The population of the CDP was 22,879 at the 2020 census, out of 34,317 in the entire town.

Londonderry, New Hampshire
Londonderry is a town in western Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. It sits between Manchester and Derry, the largest and fourth-largest communities in the state. The population was 25,826 at the 2020 census. Londonderry is known for its apple orchards and is home to the headquarters of Stonyfield Farm and part of Manchester–Boston Regional Airport.

The more densely settled portion of town, where 11,645 people lived at the 2020 census, is defined as the Londonderry census-designated place (CDP) and roughly occupies the southeastern and southern parts of town, around New Hampshire Route 102.
Royal Australian Army Chaplains' Department
The Royal Australian Army Chaplains' Department (RAAChD) is an all-officer corps of the Australian Army that provides ordained clergy to minister to the personnel of the Australian Army. RAAChD chaplains belong to either one of several Christian churches, or to the Jewish faith. As of 2012, there are 67 serving regular chaplains (commonly known as 'padres') in the full-time Australian Army and 83 chaplains in the Australian Army Reserve.

The Department was granted the privilege of the prefix 'Royal' by King George VI along with a number of other Australian Army corps in December 1948 in recognition of their service during the Second World War. Before that, the Department was titled the Australian Army Chaplains' Department.

Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the Australian Military Forces. In 1980, however, the current name—Australian Army Reserve—was officially adopted, and it now consists of a number of components based around the level of commitment and training obligation that its members are required to meet.
Outline of fish
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fish:

Fish – any member of a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.  Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature.  Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (e.g., cusk-eel and snailfish). At 32,000 species, fish exhibit greater species diversity than any other group of vertebrates.

Snailfish
The snailfishes or sea snails (not to be confused with invertebrate sea snails), are a family of marine ray-finned fishes. These fishes make up the Liparidae, a family classified within the order Scorpaeniformes.

Widely distributed from the Arctic to Antarctic Oceans, including the oceans in between, the snailfish family contains more than 30 genera and about 410 described species, but there are also many undescribed species. Snailfish are found at depths ranging from shallow coastal waters to more than 8,300 m (27,200 ft), including in seven ocean trenches.
Paracephala
Paracephala is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, the jewel beetles. They are native to Australia. They are black to purplish in color and are associated with grasses.

Species include:

Paracephala aenea Blackburn, 1891

Paracephala borea Bellamy, 1988

Paracephala deserta Bellamy, 1988

Paracephala hesperia Bellamy, 1988

Paracephala murina Thomson, 1878

Paracephala occidentalis (Macleay, 1888)

Paracephala pistacina (Hope, 1846)

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
1996 AC Delco 400
The 1996 AC Delco 400 was the 29th stock car race of the 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, October 20, 1996, in Rockingham, North Carolina, at North Carolina Speedway, a 1.017 miles (1.637 km) permanent high-banked racetrack. The race took the scheduled 393 laps to complete. At race's end, Ricky Rudd, driving for his own Rudd Performance Motorsports team, would manage to dominate the late stages of the race to take his 17th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. Meanwhile, third-place finisher, Hendrick Motorsports driver Terry Labonte, would manage to overtake the points lead from teammate Jeff Gordon, leading Gordon by 32 points. To fill out the top three, Robert Yates Racing driver Dale Jarrett would finish second.

Rudd Performance Motorsports
Rudd Performance Motorsports was a stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series between 1994 and 1999. Owned by Ricky Rudd, the team's only driver, it posted six wins during its existence.
Marratha
Marratha angusta is a species of crabs in the family Xanthidae, the only species in the genus Marratha. It was originally described as Cycloxanthops angustus by Mary J. Rathbun in 1906, but was moved to a new genus in 2003; the name of the genus, Marratha, is an "arbitrary abbreviation" of Rathbun's name. It has been recorded from the Amirante Islands (Seychelles), Hawaii and the South China Sea.

Amirante Islands
The Amirante Islands (Les Amirantes) are a group of coral islands and atolls that belong to the Outer Islands of the Seychelles.

They stretch about 155 km from the African Banks (African Islands) in the north to Desnœufs (Isle des Noeufs) in the south, all on the shallow Amirantes Bank (Amirantes Plateau, with depths of mostly 25 to 70 m), except the main island Île Desroches in the east, and submerged Lady Denison-Pender Shoal at the northern end. 90 km south of the Amirante Islands is Alphonse Group, the closest group of islands, which are sometimes considered part of the Amirantes.
Empower Playgrounds
Empower Playgrounds, Inc. is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) public charity that has developed electricity-generating playground equipment for use in rural third-world communities with low rates of rural electrification. The charity works in predominantly subsistence agriculture communities, where children often work on family farms until sundown, and schools and homes are not equipped with electricity, making it difficult for children to do homework or develop study habits.

Rural electrification
Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas. Rural communities are suffering from colossal market failures as the national grids fall short of their demand for electricity. As of 2019, 770 million people live without access to electricity – 10.2% of the global population. Electrification typically begins in cities and towns and gradually extends to rural areas, however, this process often runs into obstacles in developing nations. Expanding the national grid is expensive and countries consistently lack the capital to grow their current infrastructure. Additionally, amortizing capital costs to reduce the unit cost of each hook-up is harder to do in lightly populated areas (yielding higher per capita share of the expense). If countries are able to overcome these obstacles and reach nationwide electrification, rural communities will be able to reap considerable amounts of economic and social development.
Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic is a dialect of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic originally spoken by ethnic Assyrians on the plain of Bohtan in the Ottoman Empire. Its speakers were displaced during the Assyrian genocide in 1915 and settled in Gardabani, near Rustavi in Georgia, Göygöl and Ağstafa in Azerbaijan. However it is now spoken in Moscow, Krymsk and Novopavlosk, Russia. It is considered to be a dialect of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic since it is a northeastern Aramaic language and its speakers are ethnically Assyrians.

The closest related dialect is Hertevin, and Bohtan also shares many similarities with the peripheral Qaraqosh dialect.

Novopavlovsk
Novopavlovsk (Russian: Новопа́вловск) is a town and the administrative center of Kirovsky District in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kura River. Population:  26,562 (2010 Census); 23,235 (2002 Census); 18,589 (1989 Soviet census).
Vuku IL
Vuku Idrettslag is a Norwegian association football club from Vuku, Verdal.

The men's team currently plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. The team played in the Third Division from 1993 to 1996, then for a single season in 2000, before another stint from 2006 to 2011.

The team is known for its appearances in the Norwegian Cup. In 1993, the team faced reigning league champions Rosenborg BK and lost 0–15. The official attendance was 1,950. The player Jon Olav Hjelde was brought from Vuku to Rosenborg. In the 2015 Norwegian Cup, Vuku again faced Rosenborg and only lost 0–3.

The women's team currently plays in the Fourth Division.

1996 Norwegian Third Division
The 1996 season of the 3. divisjon, the fourth highest association football league for men in Norway.

Between 22 and 24 games (depending on group size) were played in 19 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. All group winners were promoted to the 2. divisjon, as well as some of the best runners-up.
Ganmodoki
Ganmodoki (がんもどき, 雁擬き) is a fried tofu fritter made with vegetables, such as carrots, lotus roots and burdock. It may also contain egg. Ganmodoki means pseudo-goose (gan (がん, 雁) + pseudo (もどき)). This is because ganmodoki is said to taste like goose; compare mock turtle soup. Ganmodoki is also called ganmo for short.

In the Edo period, ganmodoki was a stir-fried konjac dish. A dish similar to the ganmodoki today was made by wrapping chopped up vegetables in tofu (much like a manjū) and deep frying it.

In Western Japan, Ganmodoki is called hiryōzu, hiryuzu or hirōsu, from the Portuguese word filhós or Spanish fillos.

Manjū
Manjū (饅頭, まんじゅう) is a traditional Japanese confection, usually a small, dense bun with a sweet filling. They come in many shapes and varieties.

The standard manjū has a skin made of flour, and is filled with anko (sweet azuki bean paste). Some varieties use kudzu starch or buckwheat flour for the skin. Other types of filling include sweet potato, chestnut jam, or custard.

Manjū is usually steamed or baked, though fried manjū can be found in some modern restaurants. Traditional manjū are usually round, but many different shapes exist today, and some are proprietary to specific bakeries.
Federation of General Unions of National Education
The Federation of General Unions of National Education (French: Fédération des syndicats généraux de l'Éducation nationale, SGEN) is a trade union representing education workers in France.

The union was founded in October 1937, by Guy Raynaud de Lage, François Henry and Paul Vignaux.  Despite being a secular union, it decided to join the French Confederation of Christian Workers (CFTC), in preference to the secular but left-wing General Confederation of Labour (CGT).  The union argued that the CFTC should also become a secular organisation, and this was achieved in 1964, when the majority of the federation became the French Democratic Confederation of Labour.

By 1995, the union claimed 40,700 members, but by 2017, this had fallen to 24,952.

French Democratic Confederation of Labour
The French Democratic Confederation of Labour (French: Confédération française démocratique du travail, CFDT) is a national trade union center, one of the five major French confederations of trade unions, led since 2023 by Marylise Léon. It is the second largest French trade union confederation by number of members (625,000) and recently becoming first in voting results for representative bodies, having traditionally been second.
Glycol cleavage
Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a vicinal diol (glycol) is cleaved and instead the two oxygen atoms become double-bonded to their respective carbon atoms.  Depending on the substitution pattern in the diol, these carbonyls will be ketones and/or aldehydes.

Glycol cleavage is an important for determining the structures of sugars. After cleavage of the glycol, the ketone and aldehyde fragments can be inspected and the location of the former hydroxyl groups ascertained.

Vicinal (chemistry)
In chemistry the descriptor vicinal (from Latin vicinus = neighbor), abbreviated vic, is a descriptor that identifies two functional groups as bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms (i.e., in a 1,2-relationship).  It may arise from vicinal difunctionalization.
Sporobolomyces
Sporobolomyces is a genus of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina.  It is also known as "mirror yeast", due to its forceful ejection of its spores, which can create a "mirror image" of a growing colony when grown between two opposing agar surfaces.

Species produce both yeast states and hyphal states. The latter form teliospores, from which auricularioid (tubular and laterally septate) basidia emerge, bearing basidiospores. Yeast colonies are salmon-pink to red. Sporobolomyces species occur worldwide and have been isolated (as yeasts) from a wide variety of substrates. They produce ballistoconidia that are bilaterally symmetrical, they have Coenzyme Q10 or Coenzyme Q10(H2) as their major ubiquinone, they lack xylose in whole-cell hydrolysates, and they cannot ferment sugars. One species, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, is known to cause disease in humans.

Hydrolysate
Hydrolysate refers to any product of hydrolysis.  Protein hydrolysate has special application in sports medicine because its consumption allows amino acids to be absorbed by the body more rapidly than intact proteins, thus maximizing nutrient delivery to muscle tissues.  It is also used in the biotechnology industry as a supplement to cell cultures.
In the December 2013 edition of The International Journal of Food Science and Technology, hydrolysate was shown to be rich in L-aspartic acid and the necessary minerals manganese and selenium