hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arvirargus
Arvirargus or Arviragus was a legendary British king of the 1st century AD, possibly based upon a real person. A shadowy historical Arviragus is known only from a cryptic reference in a satirical poem by Juvenal, in which a giant turbot presented to the Roman emperor Domitian (81–96 AD) is said to be an omen that "you will capture some king, or Arviragus will fall from his British chariot-pole".

Turbot
The turbot (/ˈtɜːrbət/ TUR-bət), Scophthalmus maximus, is a relatively large species of flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae. It is a demersal fish native to marine or brackish waters of the Northeast Atlantic, Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is an important food fish. Turbot in the Black Sea were often included in this species, but are now generally regarded as separate – the Black Sea turbot or kalkan (S. maeoticus). True turbot are not found in the Northwest Atlantic; the "turbot" of that region, which was involved in the so-called "Turbot War" between Canada and Spain, is the Greenland halibut or Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). The name turbot can refer to any member of the family Scolopthalmidae, and some other flatfish have similar common names (e.g. Spiny turbots of the genus Psettodes).
Bavarian B VIII
The B VIII steam engines of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) were 2-4-0 tender locomotives.

This class was a forerunner of the first Bavarian express train locomotive. It was equipped with an inside Stephenson valve gear, inside steam chests, detachable cranks, (Aufsteckkurbel) and a full outside frame (aussenliegender Füllrahmen). The firebox was supported in order to provide a better distribution of weight.

They were equipped with Bavarian 3 T 9 tenders.

Firebox (steam engine)
In a steam engine, the firebox is the area where the fuel is burned, producing heat to boil the water in the boiler.  Most are somewhat box-shaped, hence the name. The hot gases generated in the firebox are pulled through a rack of tubes running through the boiler.
Daisy a Day
"Daisy a Day" is a song written and performed by Jud Strunk. It was produced by Mike Curb and Don Costa and Costa also was the arranger.

It reached No.4 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart, No.14 on the Billboard pop chart, and No.33 on the U.S. country chart in 1973.  In Canada, it reached No.3 on the pop chart, No.5 on the adult contemporary chart, and No.18 on the country chart.  In Australia it reached No.1.  The song was featured on Strunk's 1973 album, Daisy a Day.
The single ranked No.89 on Billboard's Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1973.

Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1973
This is a list of Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1973. The Top 100, as revealed in the year-end edition of Billboard dated December 29, 1973, is based on Hot 100 charts from the issue dates of November 25, 1972 through November 17, 1973.
Craig Kinsey
Craig Kinsey (born July 12, 1971) is an American singer-songwriter based in Houston, Texas.

Kinsey developed an early interest in theology and belief systems in the American South. This interest led him to Canada before he returned to live in a monastic community near Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Following this period, Kinsey returned to Houston and studied at the University of Saint Thomas.

He graduated magna cum laude from the University of St. Thomas with a joint major in psychology and philosophy. He has since focused on a music career, releasing work on multiple Texas-based record labels. Kinsey has performed alongside artists such as Hayes Carll, opened for Ian McLagan of Faces and Roky Erickson, shared stages with John Evans and Robert Ellis, and performed just before Snoop Dogg at Houston's Free Press Summer Fest in 2012.

Ian McLagan
Ian Patrick McLagan (/məkˈlæɡən/; 12 May 1945 – 3 December 2014) was an English keyboardist, best known as a member of the rock bands Small Faces and Faces. He also collaborated with the Rolling Stones and led his own band from the late 1970s. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.
Hidding
Hidding is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich Hidding (1926–2011), German field hockey player

Rene Hidding (born 1953), Australian politician

Tineke Hidding (born 1959), Dutch heptathlete

Rene Hidding
Marinus Theodoor "Rene" Hidding (born 5 February 1953) is an Australian politician. He was a Liberal Party member for the Division of Lyons in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1996 until his resignation in 2019. From 2002 until 2006, he was also leader of the Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition in Tasmania.
NMB Bank Nepal
NMB Bank Nepal is a commercial bank in Nepal with headquarters in Kathmandu. The bank is licensed by central bank of Nepal, the Nepal Rastra Bank, and has 202 branches across the nation providing retail and commercial banking services.

The bank's shares are publicly traded on the Nepal Stock Exchange. The Bank has a joint venture agreement with Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO) a Dutch development bank which holds 13.69% of the bank's shares and is the largest shareholder of the Bank.

Development finance institution
Development finance institution (DFI), also known as a Development bank, is a financial institution that provides risk capital for economic development projects on a non-commercial basis.

DFIs are often established and owned by governments or nonprofit organizations to finance projects that would otherwise not be able to get financing from commercial lenders.

They are often structured as a company that provides loans for projects that a government or nonprofit wants to encourage for non commercial reasons.  They can be at a local, national or international level.  DFIs include multilateral development banks, national development banks, bilateral development banks, microfinance institutions, community development financial institution and revolving loan funds.
Phototrexate
Phototrexate is a photochromic antifolate drug developed at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology). In particular, it is a photopharmacological agent that behaves as light-regulated inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. Phototrexate is a photoisomerizable structural analogue of the chemotherapy agent methotrexate. It is also an example of "azologization". Pharmacological effects of phototrexate can be switched on and off by UVA and visible light, respectively. Phototrexate is almost inactive in its trans configuration while it behaves as a potent antifolate in its cis configuration. It can also spontaneously self-deactivate in the dark.

Antifolate
Antifolates are a class of antimetabolite medications that antagonise (that is, block) the actions of folic acid (vitamin B9). Folic acid's primary function in the body is as a cofactor to various methyltransferases involved in serine, methionine, thymidine and purine biosynthesis. Consequently, antifolates inhibit cell division, DNA/RNA synthesis and repair and protein synthesis. Some such as proguanil, pyrimethamine and trimethoprim selectively inhibit folate's actions in microbial organisms such as bacteria, protozoa and fungi. The majority of antifolates work by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).
David Pacha
David Day Pacha (born December 25, 1964) is a member of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands.  He represents the South Guadalcanal constituency in Guadalcanal Province. He originates from Peochakuri village on  Guadalcanal. In May 2009, he was named Minister of Mines, Energy and Rural Electrification in Prime Minister Derek Sikua's government. Since August 2017 he has been the Deputy Speaker of Parliament.

Prior to entering Parliament, he graduated from Tary Bible School and served as National Director of the Solomon Islands branch of the Bible Society of the South Pacific.

He was first elected to Parliament on April 5, 2006, representing the South Guadalcanal constituency. He served as Minister for Communication, Aviation and Meteorology from April to May 2006, then as Minister for Provincial Government and Institutional Strengthening from December 2007 to May 2009, before being appointed Minister of Mines, Energy and Rural Electrification.

2006 Solomon Islands general election
General elections were held in the Solomon Islands on 5 April 2006. No party won more than four of the fifty seats, while thirty seats went to independent candidates. A number of those subsequently formed an Association of Independent Members of Parliament, with Snyder Rini as their leader. Rini was elected prime minister by Parliament on 18 April, amidst "widespread street protests" in Honiara, which caused particular damage in the city's Chinatown. Rioters "alleged corruption and insisted that Mr. Rini had been unfairly favouring Chinese businessmen". While the riots ceased with the arrival of Australian and New Zealand peacekeeping troops the next day, the opposition soon lodged a motion of no confidence in Rini's premiership. Rini resigned on 26 April, having been Prime Minister for just eight days. Opposition parties united in a coalition and succeeded in having Manasseh Sogavare, of the Solomon Islands Social Credit Party, elected Prime Minister on 4 May.
Desmond King-Hele
Desmond George King-Hele FRS (3 November 1927 – 25 December 2019) was a British physicist, poet and author who crossed the divide between the arts and science to write extensively about the life of Erasmus Darwin, whom he linked with the romantic poets Shelley, Wordsworth, and Coleridge. In 1957, together with Doreen Gilmour, and as part of the Guided Weapons department of Royal Aircraft Establishment, he wrote a report proposing the use of the Blue Streak missile and Black Knight as a satellite launcher.  See also: Blue Streak Satellite Launch Vehicle.

William Wordsworth
William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was an English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798).

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early years that he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published by his wife in the year of his death, before which it was generally known as "The Poem to Coleridge".

Wordsworth was Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death from pleurisy on 23 April 1850. He remains one of the most recognizable names in English poetry and was a key figure of the Romantic poets.
Avery, California
Avery is a census-designated place (CDP) in Calaveras County, California, United States. The population was 636 at the 2020 census. Avery is located on State Route 4 and is home to the oldest continually operating hotel in the county, the Avery Hotel Restaurant & Saloon. Built in 1853, it was known as the "Half Way House," being located between Murphys, Arnold, and Calaveras Big Trees State Park.

Calaveras Big Trees State Park
Calaveras Big Trees State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving two groves of giant sequoia trees.  Located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Arnold, California in the middle elevations of the Sierra Nevada, it has been a major tourist attraction since 1852, when the existence of the trees was first widely reported. Two famous exhibition trees, the Discovery Tree and the Mother of the Forest, were felled for display. It is also considered the longest continuously operated tourist attraction in California.
Piano Concerto No. 1 (Shostakovich)
The Concerto in C minor for Piano, Trumpet, and String Orchestra, Op. 35, was completed by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1933.

The concerto was premiered on 15 October 1933 in the season opening concerts of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra with Shostakovich at the piano, Fritz Stiedry conducting, and Alexander Schmidt playing the trumpet solos. "By all accounts, Shostakovich played brilliantly" and the concerto was well received.  The performance was repeated on 17 October.

Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra
The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra (Russian: Симфонический оркестр Санкт-Петербургской филармонии, Symphonic Orchestra of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia) is a symphony orchestra based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Their home venue is the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia.
Tony Aspromourgos
Tony Aspromourgos (born 1957-01-11) is an Australian historian of economic thought, professor at the University of Sydney and a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA). He has published several books and many articles in economic journals on different subjects concerning the history of economic thought, especially on William Petty, Richard Cantillon and Adam Smith.

History of economic thought
The history of economic thought is the study of the philosophies of the different thinkers and theories in the subjects that later became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day.

This field encompasses many disparate schools of economic thought. Ancient Greek writers such as the philosopher Aristotle examined ideas about the art of wealth acquisition, and questioned whether property is best left in private or public hands. In the Middle Ages, Thomas Aquinas argued that it was a moral obligation of businesses to sell goods at a just price.

In the Western world, economics was not a separate discipline, but part of philosophy until the 18th–19th century Industrial Revolution and the 19th century Great Divergence, which accelerated economic growth.
Lucy Hope (footballer)
Lucy Hope (née Graham; born 10 October 1996) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Everton in the FA WSL and the Scotland national team. She has previously played for Forfar Farmington and Hibernian in Scotland, Mallbackens in Sweden and Bristol City in England.

Women's Scottish Cup
The Women's Scottish Cup is the national knockout cup competition for women's football in Scotland.

First held in 1970–71 and known as the Scottish Women's FA Cup, the competition was owned and managed by Scottish Women's Football (SWF), an affiliated body of the Scottish Football Association (SFA). The competition was rebranded in 2022 by the SFA. It is open to all senior teams affiliated with Scottish Women's Football and the SWPL. Rangers are the current holders, having won the 2025 final. The competition is currently sponsored by Scottish Gas.
Approved for Adoption
Approved for Adoption (French: Couleur de peau: miel lit. "Colour of skin: honey") is a 2012 animated film, based on a comic by the Korean-Belgian comic strip artist, Jung, and directed by Laurent Boileau and Jung. It was released on 6 June 2012, in France. It received a Magritte Award nomination for Best Editing.

Magritte Awards
A Magritte Award (French: Magritte du cinéma, pronounced [maɡʁit dy sinema]), also known as René, is an accolade presented by the Académie André Delvaux of Belgium to recognize cinematic achievement in the film industry. Modelled after the French César Award, the formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in Belgium. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette. The awards, first presented in 2011, are considered the Belgian equivalent of the Academy Awards in the United States.

Historically given during the first quarter of the new year, the awards honor achievements for cinematic accomplishments for the preceding year. The 14th Magritte Awards ceremony was held on 22 February 2025 at the Flagey, in the historic site of Place Eugène Flagey, Ixelles.
Newbill
Newbill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

D. J. Newbill (born 1992), American basketball player

Ivano Newbill (born 1970), American basketball player

Richard Newbill (born 1968), American football linebacker

D.J. Newbill
Devonte Jerrell Newbill (born May 22, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Utsunomiya Brex of the Japanese B.League. He played college basketball for Penn State before playing professionally in France, Turkey, Belgium, New Zealand, Poland, Australia and Russia.
Four fours
Four fours is a mathematical puzzle, the goal of which is to find the simplest mathematical expression for every whole number from 0 to some maximum, using only common mathematical symbols and the digit four. No other digit is allowed. Most versions of the puzzle require that each expression have exactly four fours, but some variations require that each expression have some minimum number of fours. The puzzle requires skill and mathematical reasoning.

The first printed occurrence of the specific problem of four fours is in Knowledge: An Illustrated Magazine of Science in 1881. A similar problem involving arranging four identical digits to equal a certain amount was given in Thomas Dilworth's popular 1734 textbook The Schoolmaster's Assistant, Being a Compendium of Arithmetic Both Practical and Theoretical.

W. W. Rouse Ball described it in the 6th edition (1914) of his Mathematical Recreations and Essays. In this book it is described as a "traditional recreation".

W. W. Rouse Ball
Walter William Rouse Ball (14 August 1850 – 4 April 1925), known as W. W. Rouse Ball, was a British mathematician, lawyer, and fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1878 to 1905. He was also a keen amateur magician, and the founding president of the Cambridge Pentacle Club in 1919, one of the world's oldest magic societies.
Wanted: Live in Concert
Wanted: Live in Concert (also known as Wanted/Richard Pryor - Live in Concert) is the twelfth album by American comedian Richard Pryor. It was produced by Richard Pryor and Biff Dawes. Released as a double-LP in 1978, it includes performances from Pryor's concert tour in 1978. Two performances from that tour were filmed in Long Beach, California for theatrical release.

The album was nominated for the 1980 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album. In 2017, Wanted: Live in Concert was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album
The Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album is presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement in comedy." The award was awarded yearly from 1959 to 1993 and then from 2004 to present day.
Nabagopal Mitra
Nabagopal Mitra (Bengali: নবগোপাল মিত্র; 1840– 9 February 1894) was an Indian playwright, poet, essayist, patriot and one of the founding fathers of Hindu nationalism. He founded the Hindu Mela (which was inaugurated by Rajnarayan Basu ) the pioneer institution behind the genesis of Hindu nationalism. Mitra also founded National Press, National Paper, National Society, National School, National Theatre, National Store, National Gymnasium and National Circus, earning him the sobriquet 'National Mitra'.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Helen Nicol
Helen Nicol (later Fox; May 9, 1920 – July 25, 2021) was a Canadian-American baseball pitcher who played from 1943 through 1952 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL).

Listed at 5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m), 120 pounds (54 kg), Nicol batted and threw right-handed. She was sometimes credited as Helen Fox or Nickie Fox.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own, directed by filmmaker Penny Marshall, revitalized interest in women's baseball and helped memorialize a neglected chapter of sports history: the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, which gave over 600 women athletes the opportunity to play professional baseball and to play it at a level never before attained. Nicol was one of them.

Nicol turned 100 in May 2020 and died in Mesa, Arizona, in July 2021, at the age of 101.

Penny Marshall
Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, film director, and producer. She is best known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.

Marshall made her directorial debut with Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) before directing Big (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included Awakenings (1990) (which was nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture), A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996), and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). She also produced Cinderella Man and Bewitched (both 2005), and directed episodes of the television series According to Jim and United States of Tara.
Frederikshavnsvej railway halt
Frederikshavnsvej railway halt (Danish: Frederikshavnsvej Trinbræt) is a railway halt serving the town of Skagen in Vendsyssel, Denmark. The halt is situated in the western part of the town, where the railway line crosses the highway between Skagen and Frederikshavn.

The halt is located on the Skagensbanen railway line from Skagen to Frederikshavn between Skagen station and Hulsig station. The stop was opened in 1992, primarily for the many student commuters who travel daily between Skagen and Frederikshavn. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Nordjyske Jernbaner which run frequent local train services between Skagen and Frederikshavn with onward connections by train to the rest of Denmark.

Nordjyske Jernbaner
Nordjyske Jernbaner (abbreviated NJ) is a Danish railway company operating in Region Nordjylland. The company was formed in 2001 as a merger of Hjørring Privatbaner (HP) and Skagensbanen (SB) and Hirtshalsbanen (HB). Headquartered in Hjørring, the company is responsible for running the former HP, HB and SB lines, i.e., Hjørring–Hirtshals and Frederikshavn–Skagen, respectively. From 2017 and onwards, they started running trains from Skørping to Lindholm on the Aalborg Nærbane line.
Ota, Ogun
Ota listenⓘ(alternatively spelled Otta) is a town in Ogun State, Nigeria with an estimated 163,783 residents. Ota is the capital of the Ado–Odo/Ota Local Government Area.  The traditional leader of Ota is the Olota of Ota, Oba Adeyemi AbdulKabir Obalanlege. Historically, Ota is the capital of the Awori Yoruba tribe.

As of 1999, Ota has the third largest concentration of industries in Nigeria. It also possesses a large market and an important road junction, found just north of the tollgate on the Lagos – Abeokuta Expressway. Ota is well known because it is home to Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Limited belonging to the former Nigerian president, Olusegun Obasanjo.

Otta is known as the home of some Yoruba ancient deities and festivals. Festivals usually celebrated in Otta includes Egungun festival, Iganmode Cultural Festival, Gelede Festival, etc.

Lagos–Abeokuta Expressway
The Lagos–Abeokuta Expressway is an 81-kilometre-long (50 mi) expressway connecting Abeokuta, the capital of Ogun State, and Ikeja, the capital of Lagos State, and Lagos Nigeria's largest city. The Lagos - Abeokuta expressway is Nigeria busiest highway, linking metropolitan and greater Lagos, with other Nigerian states.

The expressway is the busiest inter-state and intra-city route in Nigeria handling more than 250,000 PCUs daily and constitutes one of the largest road networks in Africa. It is part of the Federal Roads Maintenance Agency (FERMA) projects, concerned with road improvement and connectivity between the States of Nigeria.