hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Markowitz
Richard Allen Markowitz (September 3, 1926 in Santa Monica, California – December 6, 1994 in Santa Monica, California) was an American film and television composer. He was the father of singer Kate Markowitz.

Bus Riley's Back in Town
Bus Riley's Back in Town is a 1965 American comedy film written by William Inge, directed by Harvey Hart, and starring Ann-Margret, Michael Parks, Janet Margolin, Brad Dexter, Kim Darby, Jocelyn Brando and Larry Storch.

Inge was unhappy with changes that were made to his script and had his name removed from the credits, replacing it with the name Walter Gage.
Tula electoral district
The Tula electoral district (Russian: Тульский избирательный округ) was a constituency created for the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election. The electoral district covered the Tula Governorate. The city of Tula was a major metallurgical industrial centre, located close to Moscow.

The account of U.S. historian Oliver Henry Radkey, who is the source for the results table below, has a complete vote count from the city of Tula and 10 out 12 uezds are complete. The votes from Yefremov uezd and one of the volosts of Odoyev uezd are not covered in Radkey's account.

Tula Governorate
Tula Governorate (Russian: Тульская губерния, romanized: Tul'skaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. The governate existed from 1796 to 1929; its seat was in the city of Tula. It was divided into 12 districts. The main towns were Alexin, Bogoroditsk, Byelev, Chern, Epifan, Efremov, Kashira, Krapivna, Novosil, Odoyev, Tula, and Venev.
Red Bull Škoda Team
Red Bull Škoda Team is an Austrian private rally team that participated in the World Rally Championship in the 2006 season. It was managed by BRR - Baumschlager Rallye & Racing and sponsored by the Red Bull brand. The team participated with four different drivers, using the Škoda Fabia WRC as the vehicle, in ten rounds on the calendar. Andreas Aigner's best result was a sixth place at Rallye Deutschland.

2006 World Rally Championship
The 2006 World Rally Championship was the 34th season in the FIA World Rally Championship. The season began on January 20 with the 74th Monte Carlo Rally where Finland's Marcus Grönholm, in a Ford Focus RS WRC, took the win ahead of France's Sébastien Loeb. After the Swedish Rally ended with the same top-two, Loeb and Kronos Citroën went on to win five rallies in a row. Despite an injury in a mountain-biking accident before the Rally of Turkey, forcing Loeb to miss last four rallies, he secured his third drivers' title, whereas Ford won their first manufacturers' title since 1979.
Joseph Morrow (officer of arms)
Joseph John Morrow CVO CBE KC DL  FRSE (born 12 December 1954), is the current Lord Lyon King of Arms. He was appointed on 17 January 2014 and, sworn of office on 27 February before the Lord President of the Court of Session, as Lord Lyon, Morrow took part in the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla in 2023.

Lord President of the Court of Session
The Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein) is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, the Court of Session, and the High Court of Justiciary. The Lord President holds the title of Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary ex officio, as the two offices were combined in 1836.  The Lord President has authority over any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The current Lord President of the Court of Session is Lord Pentland, who was appointed to the position on 3 February 2025 succeeding Lord Carloway They are paid according to salary group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, which in 2016 was £222,862.
Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols (Chinese: 臺語方音符號; TPS: ㄉㄞˊ ㆣ丨ˋ ㄏㆲ 丨ㆬ ㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄜ˫) constitute a system of phonetic notation for the transcription of Taiwanese languages, especially Taiwanese Hokkien. The system was designed by Professor Chu Chao-hsiang, a member of the National Languages Committee in Taiwan, in 1946. The system is derived from Mandarin Phonetic Symbols by creating additional symbols for the sounds that do not appear in Mandarin phonology. It is one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.

Close central unrounded vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɨ⟩, namely the lower-case letter i with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as barred i.

Occasionally, this vowel is transcribed ⟨ï⟩ (centralized ⟨i⟩) or ⟨ɯ̈⟩ (centralized ⟨ɯ⟩).

The close central unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare post-palatal approximant [ȷ̈].
Frederick Archibald Sowter
Frederick Archibald Sowter (30 August 1899 – 16 November 1972) was a British botanist, bryologist, and lichenologist. He made contributions to the study of cryptogams, particularly in Leicestershire and Rutland.

Bryology
Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are botanists who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. The field is often studied along with lichenology due to the similar appearance and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom.
Krystian Pilarczyk
Krystian Walenty Pilarczyk (born 14 February 1941) is a hydraulic engineer whose contributions to civil and hydraulic engineering include the development and improvement of the Izbash formula, along with the Pilarczyk formula for the stability of block revetments. He is the author and editor of a number of academic papers and textbooks on coastal, river, and hydraulic engineering subjects.

Between 1971 and 1978, Pilarczyk was involved in the design of the Delta Works, where he was coordinator of applied research, undertaking work on the closure of tidal basins and on the static and dynamic stability of armourstone and riprap used in coastal and river engineering applications. He has acted as an advisor on coastal engineering projects to the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, as well as lecturing at the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education and Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute.

Riprap
Riprap (in North American English), also known as rip rap, rip-rap, shot rock, rock armour (in British English) or rubble, is human-placed rock or other hard, heavy, unconsolidated material used to protect shoreline structures against scour and water, wave, or ice erosion. Riprap is used to armor shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, foundational infrastructure supports and other shoreline structures against erosion. Common rock types used include granite and modular concrete blocks. Rubble from building and paving demolition is sometimes used, as well as specifically designed structures called tetrapods or similar concrete blocks.
Riprap is also used underwater to cap immersed tubes sunken on the seabed to be joined into an undersea tunnel.
1988 World Rowing Championships
The 1988 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held on 6 August 1988 at Milan in Italy. Since 1988 was an Olympic year for rowing, the World Championships did not include Olympic events scheduled for the 1988 Summer Olympics, but instead the lightweight events were held in conjunction with the World Junior Championships, which ran from 3 to 7 August.

World Rowing U19 Championships
The World Rowing U19 Championships, former name World Rowing Junior Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation).  A rower or coxswain shall be classified as a Junior until 31 December of the year in which he reaches the age of 18. After that date, he shall be classified as an Under 23 rower. During Olympic years it is held at the same location as the Senior World Rowing Championships.

The first FISA Youth Regatta was held in 1967 and has been held every year since then, being raised to the status of FISA Junior Champs in 1970 and Junior World Champs in 1985.

Many European countries send athletes not up to the standard for World Championships to the Coupe de la Jeunesse.
Basangouda Patil Yatnal
Basangouda Ramangouda Patil Yatnal   (born 13 December 1963) is an Indian politician and Hindu leader, who was the Minister of state for Textiles from 1 July 2002 to 8 September 2003 and Minister of state for Railways from 8 September 2003 to 16 May 2004 and current MLA from Bijapur City Assembly constituency since 2018. He has been a member of parliament from the Bijapur constituency for two terms and has been a member of the legislative council from the Bijapur Local Authorities constituency for one term.
Basangouda Patil Yatnal was expelled from BJP for six years for "Anti-Party" Remarks on 26 March 2025.

Bijapur City Assembly constituency
Bijapur City Assembly constituency is one of 224 assembly constituencies of the Indian state of Karnataka. The constituency was previously known as Bijapur constituency which was readjusted in 2008 on the implementation of the Delimitation Commission of 2002. The constituency was a part of Bombay State before the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. It is part of Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency.
Crus
Crus can refer to:

Crus, a subgenus of the fly genus Metopochetus

Crus (lower leg)

Crus, a plural of Cru (wine)

CRUs, an abbreviation of Civil Resettlement Units

Rektorenkonferenz der Schweizer Universitäten (CRUS; English: Rectors' Conference of the Swiss Universities)

Crus (pl.: crura) can also refer to other anatomical structures that are leg-shaped:

crura of antihelix

crus of cerebrum

crus of clitoris

crus of diaphragm

crus of fornix

crus of heart

crus of penis

crura of the stapes

crura of superficial inguinal ring

a leg-like structure of the little skate, used for locomotion

Crus of penis
The two crura of penis (one crus on each side) constitute the root of penis along with the bulb of penis. The two crura flank the bulb – one to each side of the bulb. Each crus is attached at the angle between the perineal membrane and ischiopubic ramus. The deep artery of the penis enters the anterior portion of the crus. Distally, each crus transitions into either corpus cavernosum of the body of the penis.
Funtasia
Funtasia is an operator of entertainment facilities in the east of Ireland. Funtasia currently operates a water park in Drogheda and used to operate a family entertainment centre in Bettystown. The name was first used in 2003.

Family entertainment center
A family entertainment center (FEC) in the entertainment industry, also known as an indoor amusement park, family amusement center, family fun center, soft play, or simply fun center, is a small amusement park marketed towards families with small children to teenagers, often entirely indoors. They usually cater to "sub-regional markets of larger metropolitan areas." FECs are generally small compared to full-scale amusement parks, with fewer attractions, a lower per-person per-hour cost to consumers than a traditional amusement park, and not usually major tourist attractions, but sustained by an area customer base. Many are locally owned and operated, although there are a number of chains and franchises in the field. Some, operated by non-profit organizations as children's museums or science museums, tend to be geared toward edutainment experiences rather than simply amusement.
Merle Evans
Merle Slease Evans (December 26, 1891 – December 31, 1987) was an American cornet player and circus band conductor who conducted the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus for fifty years. He was known as the "Toscanini of the Big Top." Evans was inducted into the American Bandmasters Association in 1947 and the International Circus Hall of Fame in 1975.

Cornet
The cornet (/ˈkɔːrnɪt/, US: /kɔːrˈnɛt/) is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality. The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B♭. There is also a soprano cornet in E♭ and cornets in A and C. All are unrelated to the Renaissance and early Baroque cornett.
Tin Tun
Tin Tun (Burmese: တင်ထွန်း, pronounced [tɪ̀ɰ̃ tʰʊ́ɰ̃]) (born 20 November 1944 in Rangoon) is a formerly jailed Burmese political dissident, Olympic boxer, and one of the pioneers of the now-extinct Scouting movement in that country, imprisoned under the Publishing and Printing Act in July 1993 for possessing a copy of the Khit Pyaing (New Era) Journal, a banned news magazine published by exiled activists.

Tin Tun represented the Union of Burma Boy Scouts in the five-man Far East Scout Advisory Committee (FESAC), which later became the Asia-Pacific Region.

Tin Tun represented Burma at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The boxing programme of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico was held at the Arena México. Medals were awarded in eleven events, with each event corresponding to a recognized weight division of male boxers.
Vaharai bombing
The Vaharai bombing is a disputed event in the Sri Lankan civil war. It occurred on November 7, 2006 when, according to survivors of the incident interviewed by Reuters, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam fired artillery at Sri Lankan military personnel from near a school where minority Sri Lankan Tamil refugees displaced by the ongoing Sri Lankan civil war had taken shelter. The Sri Lankan Army returned fire and around 45 civilians were killed. Over 100 were injured and admitted to the local hospitals. However, people who were interviewed by Human Rights Watch claimed that the LTTE did not fire artillery. Further, the rebel LTTE denies firing artillery from close to the school. The incident occurred at around 11.35 a.m close to Kathiraveli, a coastal village in Vaharai peninsula of the Batticaloa district in eastern Sri Lanka.

Batticaloa
Batticaloa (Tamil: மட்டக்களப்பு, Maṭṭakkaḷappu, IPA: [mɐʈːɐkːɐɭɐpːɯ]; Sinhala: මඩකලපුව, Maḍakalapuwa, IPA: [məɖəkələpuʋə]) is a major city in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, and its former capital. It is the administrative capital of the Batticaloa District. The city is the seat of the Eastern University of Sri Lanka and is a major commercial centre.  It is on the east coast, 111 kilometres (69 mi) south of Trincomalee, and is situated on an island. Pasikudah is a popular tourist destination situated 35 km (22 mi) northwest with beaches and flat year-round warm-water shallow-lagoons.
Bilal Anwar
Bilal Anwar (born 16 July 1995) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Lahore Whites in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 8 September 2018. He made his List A debut for Lahore Whites in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup on 13 September 2018.

Lahore cricket teams
Lahore cricket teams, representing the city of Lahore, the capital of Punjab province, have competed in Pakistan's first-class cricket tournaments from 1958–59 to 2018–19, and from 2023 to 2024. They have also competed in the national 50-over and Twenty-20 tournaments as the Lahore Lions.
Theatre of the absurd
The theatre of the absurd (French: théâtre de l'absurde [teɑtʁ(ə) də lapsyʁd]) is a post–World War II designation for particular plays of absurdist fiction written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s. It is also a term for the style of theatre the plays represent. The plays focus largely on ideas of existentialism and express what happens when human existence lacks meaning or purpose and communication breaks down. The structure of the plays is typically a round shape, with the finishing point the same as the starting point. Logical construction and argument give way to irrational and illogical speech and to the ultimate conclusion—silence.

Silence
Silence is the absence of ambient audible sound, the emission of sounds of such low intensity that they do not draw attention to themselves, or the state of having ceased to produce sounds; this latter sense can be extended to apply to the cessation or absence of any form of communication, whether through speech or other medium. Remaining mute can be a symptom of mental illness.

Sometimes speakers fall silent when they hesitate in searching for a word, or interrupt themselves before correcting themselves. Discourse analysis shows that people use brief silences to mark the boundaries of prosodic units, in turn-taking, or as reactive tokens, for example, as a sign of displeasure, disagreement, embarrassment, desire to think, confusion, and the like.  Relatively prolonged intervals of silence can be used in rituals; in some religious disciplines, people maintain silence for protracted periods, or even for the rest of their lives, as an ascetic means of spiritual transformation.
Lebu people
The Lebu (or Lebou or Lébou) are an ethnic group of Senegal, West Africa, living on the peninsula of Cap-Vert, site of Dakar. The Lebu are primarily a fishing community, but they have a substantial business in construction supplies and real estate. They speak Lebu Wolof, which is closely related to Wolof proper but is not intelligible with it.

Cap-Vert
Cap-Vert, or the Cape Verde Peninsula, and Kap Weert or Bopp bu Nëtëx (in Wolof), is a peninsula in Senegal and the westernmost point of the continent of Africa and of the Afro-Eurasia mainland. Portuguese explorers called it Cabo Verde or "Green Cape". The Cape Verde islands, 570 kilometres (350 mi) further west, are named in reference to the cape. Dakar, the capital of Senegal, occupies parts including its southern tip. The peninsula marks the border between Grande Côte to the north and Petite Côte to the south. It is delimited by two capes, Pointe des Almadies to the northwest and cap Manuel to the southeast.

The larger of the Deux Mamelles volcanic hills in Dakar is topped by Les Mamelles Lighthouse at its highest point.
Carl Henry (singer)
Carl Henry is a Canadian R&B singer born in Jamaica and raised in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

His 2002 debut album RNB, earned him his first Juno nomination in 2003 for Best R&B/Soul recording of the Year. He released a French-language version of the album titled Solution RNB.  After touring and promoting the French version the album, he released three singles: "Homie's Girl", dancehall hit "Bare As She Dare" (featuring Ce'cile), and "Hot Gal" (featuring Rally Bop).  The three singles also received Juno nominations.

His second album titled I Wish, was released in the fall of 2005. It featured the single "Little Mama". His song "Perfect" (featuring JR Writer) appeared in Ian Iqbal Rashid's 2007 feature film How She Move.

His third album is entitled All That I Know, and features the hit singles "Trippin'" and "Dim the Lights".

J.R. Writer
Juan Rusty Brito (born May 28, 1985) better known by his stage name J.R. Writer, is an American rapper and freestyle champion. He came to prominence in the early 2000s after becoming affiliated with the hip hop group The Diplomats and guest appeared on Juelz Santana's 2003 album From Me To U.

JR signed a joint venture deal with Diplomat and Koch Records to release his debut studio album History in the Making which was released in 2006, which made the top 30 on the Billboard 200.
Jaak Tarien
Jaak Tarien (born 29 July 1974) is an Estonian military personnel (Brigadier General). and the current head of the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence since 2018.

Until 2018, he was the head of Estonian Air Force.

In 2003, he was awarded by the Order of the Cross of the Eagle, V Class.

Estonian Air Force
The Estonian Air Force (Estonian: Eesti Õhuvägi, [ˈeˑstʲi] ⓘ[ˈɤhuvæki] ⓘ) is the aviation branch of the Estonian Defence Forces. The air force traces its history to 1918, and was re-established in its current form in 1991.

As of 2024, the Estonian Air Force has a strength of ~400 personnel. It operates unarmed aircraft and several radar systems and IRIS-T SLM Air Defence systems. Its main tasks are to provide surveillance of Estonian air space and support the country's ground forces. In addition, the air force hosts units from other NATO countries at its single operational air base.
Oreostylidium
Oreostylidium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Stylidiaceae with a single species, Oreostylidium subulatum, that is endemic to New Zealand. O. subulatum is a very small plant with small, white flowers. It has a complicated botanical history that has led to a few proposals to move Oreostylidium to the related genus Stylidium. The researchers cite molecular data and suspect that this species is an extreme example of floral paedomorphosis. This would not be an unprecedented move since the single species was initially described as Stylidium subulatum in 1864 and later moved to its own genus by Sven Berggren in 1878. It possesses the same kind of glandular trichomes underneath the flower that make Stylidium species carnivorous plants, but it has not yet been tested for the presence of digestive enzymes.

Stylidium graminifolium
Stylidium graminifolium, the grass triggerplant, is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). This species used to belong to the Stylidium graminifolium complex, but the name was conserved for this single species when two others were split from the complex and introduced as new species in 2001. S. graminifolium is endemic to Australia and is the Stylidium species with the widest distribution throughout Australia. It is a perennial plant with grass-like leaves and is easily cultivated. It has been considered to be a carnivorous or protocarnivorous plant because it possesses glandular trichomes underneath the flowers that can trap and digest prey.
Encolpius
Encolpius is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1900. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Argentina, Venezuela, and Brazil: E. albobarbatus, E. fimbriatus, and E. guaraniticus.

Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn lwi simɔ̃]; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.
Jacques Bogopolsky
Jacques Bogopolsky (also Jacques Boolsky or Jacques Bolsey; born Yakov Bogopolsky; December 31, 1895, Kiev, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire – January 20, 1962, Long Island) was an engineer and camera designer.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.