hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award
The Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award is a civil decoration given annually to honor individuals who have dedicated their lives to public service. It was established in 2000 by the Prague Society for International Cooperation and the Global Panel Foundation.  It is named in honor of the Prague Society's President Marc S. Ellenbogen's mother who grew up in war torn Europe. The award comes with a 150,000 crown cash prize, which the award recipient passes on to a young person or institution in the public realm. For instance when the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra won the award in 2000, the cash prize was given to Lukas Vondracek, an aspiring musician at the time, who is now recognized worldwide.

Lidové noviny
Lidové noviny (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪdovɛː ˈnovɪnɪ]; "The People's News") is a daily newspaper published in Prague, the Czech Republic. It is the oldest Czech daily still in print, and a newspaper of record. It is a national news daily covering political, economic, cultural and scientific affairs, mostly with a centre-right, conservative view. It often hosts commentaries and opinions of prominent personalities from the Czech Republic and from abroad.
1851 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1851 Mississippi gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1851, in order to elect the Governor of the U.S. state of Mississippi. Democratic US Senator for Mississippi Henry S. Foote, who ran on a Unionist platform, defeated the Southern Rights Party nominee and fellow Democratic US Senator for Mississippi before resigning on September 23, 1851, to run in the gubernatorial election, Jefferson Davis.

Governor of Mississippi
The governor of Mississippi is the head of government of Mississippi and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature, to convene the legislature at any time, and, except in cases of treason or impeachment, to grant pardons and reprieves.
William Pierson
William Pierson (July 17, 1926 – August 27, 2004) was an American television, motion picture and stage actor, best known for his raspy voice and his role as Marko the Mailman in the 1953 film Stalag 17 as well as a recurring role as Dean Travers on the 1970s ABC-TV series  Three's Company.

Stalag 17
Stalag 17 is a 1953 American war film that recounts the story of a group of American airmen confined in a German prisoner-of-war camp. The film focuses on one particular barracks, where the men come to suspect that one of their number is an informant.

The film was directed and produced by Billy Wilder, who with Edwin Blum adapted the screenplay from the Broadway play of the same name. The play was written by Donald Bevan and Edmund Trzcinski on the basis of their experiences as prisoners in Stalag 17B in Austria.

The film stars William Holden in an Oscar-winning performance, along with Don Taylor, Robert Strauss, Harvey Lembeck, Peter Graves, Neville Brand, Richard Erdman, Sig Ruman, and Otto Preminger. Strauss and Lembeck appeared in the original Broadway production.
Chief Secretary to the Prime Minister
The Chief Secretary to the Prime Minister is a senior ministerial office in the government of the United Kingdom reporting directly to the Prime Minister as a part of the Prime Minister's Office within the Cabinet Office. Whilst initially, and briefly, also attending cabinet as a Minister of State, the office holder is now a full member of the Cabinet.

The office was created in 2025 by Prime Minister Keir Starmer to work across government departments and support policy delivery.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
Jeffrey Ford (film editor)
Jeffrey Ford (born February 16, 1968) is an American film editor. He was nominated for an ACE Eddie Award for Best Edited Film - Musical or Comedy for The Family Stone and for a Golden Satellite Award for Best Film Editing for One Hour Photo.

One Hour Photo
One Hour Photo is a 2002 American psychological thriller film written and directed by Mark Romanek. It stars Robin Williams as a photo technician who develops an unhealthy obsession with a family to whom he has long provided services. Connie Nielsen, Michael Vartan, Gary Cole, and Eriq La Salle appear in supporting roles.

The film premiered at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival, followed by a limited release on August 21, 2002, and a wider release on September 13. It received positive reviews from film critics, with praise for Williams' against-type performance, and grossed over $52 million on a $12 million budget.
Chojnów Landscape Park
Chojnów Landscape Park (Chojnowski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in east-central Poland, established in 1993, covering an area of 67.96553 square kilometres (26.24164 sq mi). It consists chiefly of the Chojnów forests (Lasy Chojnowskie) south of Warsaw, named after the village of Chojnów.

The Park lies within Masovian Voivodeship, in Piaseczno County (Gmina Piaseczno, Gmina Konstancin-Jeziorna, Gmina Prażmów, Gmina Tarczyn). Since 2010, it has been part of the Masovian Landscape Park Complex, along with the Mazowiecki, Brudzeński, Kozienicki and Nadbużański landscape parks (with which he previously formed the ensemble). It is an element of the Green Ring of Warsaw and the protected areas belt stretching from the Mazowiecki Landscape Park to the Bolimów Landscape Park.

Within the Landscape Park are 11 nature reserves.

Piaseczno County
Piaseczno County (Polish: powiat piaseczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Piaseczno, which lies 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Konstancin-Jeziorna, 8 km (5 mi) east of Piaseczno, Góra Kalwaria, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Piaseczno, and Tarczyn, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Piaseczno.

The county covers an area of 621.04 square kilometres (239.8 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 186,460; out of which, the population of Piaseczno is 48,286, that of Konstancin-Jeziorna is 17,023, that of Góra Kalwaria is 12,040, that of Tarczyn is 4,116, and the rural population is 81,465.
Cryptocarya exfoliata
Cryptocarya exfoliata is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae family and is native to Cape York Peninsula the Northern Territory and New Guinea. Its leaves are lance-shaped, the flowers creamy-green and slightly perfumed, and the fruit is a spherical to elliptic black drupe.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Xyrias chioui
Xyrias chioui is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by John E. McCosker, Chen Wei-Li and Chen Hong-Ming in 2009. It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from Taiwan, in the Pacific Ocean. It generally dwells at a depth range of 60–70 meters. Males can reach a maximum total length of 81.9 centimeters.

The species epithet "chioui" was given in honour of Captain Jiun-Shiun Chiou, who is credited with donating the type specimen of X. chioui, as well as other eel specimens of significance, to the National Taiwan Ocean University.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Jūlijs Vanags
Jūlijs Vanags (8 July [O.S. 25 June] 1903, Ungurmuiža Parish (now Jēkabpils district), Russian Empire – 12 October 1986, Riga, Latvian SSR) was a Latvian and Soviet writer and a co-author of the text of the Anthem of the Latvian SSR. He also wrote plays, children's books, poetry, stories and translated many works into Latvian including Leo Toltsoy's Anna Karenina, Alexander Pushkin's Ruslan and Ludmilla and The Stone host by Lesya Ukrainika.

Lesya Ukrainka
Lesya Ukrainka (Ukrainian: Леся Українка, romanized: Lesia Ukrainka, pronounced [ˈlɛsʲɐ ʊkrɐˈjinkɐ]; born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, Ukrainian: Лариса Петрівна Косач; 25 February [O.S. 13 February] 1871 – 1 August [O.S. 19 July] 1913) was one of Ukrainian literature's foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active political, civil, and female rights activist.

Among her best-known works are the collections of poems On the Wings of Songs (1893), Thoughts and Dreams (1899), Echos (1902), the epic poem Ancient Fairy Tale (1893), One Word (1903), and the plays Princess (1913), Cassandra (1903–1907), In the Catacombs (1905), and Forest Song (1911).
Category of small categories
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, the category of small categories, denoted by Cat, is the category whose objects are all small categories and whose morphisms are functors between categories. Cat may actually be regarded as a 2-category with natural transformations serving as 2-morphisms.

The initial object of Cat is the empty category 0, which is the category of no objects and no morphisms. The terminal object is the terminal category or trivial category 1 with a single object and morphism.

The category Cat is itself a large category, and therefore not an object of itself. In order to avoid problems analogous to Russell's paradox one cannot form the “category of all categories”. But it is possible to form a quasicategory (meaning objects and morphisms merely form a conglomerate) of all categories.

Conglomerate (mathematics)
In mathematics, in the framework of a one-universe foundation for category theory, the term conglomerate is applied to arbitrary sets as a contraposition to the distinguished sets that are elements of a Grothendieck universe.
Kesavadasapuram
Kesavadasapuram  is a major junction in Thiruvananthapuram city, Kerala, India. It is the meeting point of National Highway 66 and MC Road (State Highway 1).  While coming from the city centre, at the junction, the MC road goes to the right towards Kottayam and NH 66 goes to the left, towards Kollam. The place is named after Raja Kesavadas, the Diwan of erstwhile Travancore kingdom. It is also a major commercial and educational hub with many adjacent institutions like Mahathma Gandhi College, Mar Ivanios College, Mar Baselios Engineering College, Mar Gregorios Law College, Sarvodaya Vidyalaya, St. Mary's School etc.

Kottayam
Kottayam (IPA: [ko:ʈ:ajam]) is a city in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. It is the district headquarters of the district and is located about 151 km (93.8 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Kottayam has a population of 136,812 people, and a population density of 2,470/km2 (6,400/sq mi). 
Kottayam is also referred to as "the City of Letters"  as many of the first Malayalam daily newspapers, such as Deepika, Malayala Manorama, and Mangalam, were started and are headquartered in Kottayam, as are a number of publishing houses.
Chinese Paladin 3
The Legend of Sword and Fairy 3 (simplified Chinese: 仙剑奇侠传三; traditional Chinese: 仙劍奇俠傳三; pinyin: Xiānjiàn Qíxiá Zhuàn Sān), also known as Sword and Fairy 3 (仙劍三) or Chinese Paladin 3, is a shenmo/xianxia-themed fantasy adventure role-playing computer game developed by Taiwanese game company Softstar Entertainment. It is the third installment in The Legend of Sword and Fairy video game series and the first to be developed by Softstar's Shanghai subsidiary, and serves as a prequel to the original The Legend of Sword and Fairy, set around 50 years before the plot of the first game.

Softstar
Softstar Entertainment Inc. (Chinese: 大宇資訊股份有限公司), abbreviated as Softstar (Chinese: 大宇資訊; pinyin: Dàyǔzīxùn), is a Taiwanese video game developer and publisher based in Zhonghe District, New Taipei, with Mainland subsidiary branches in Beijing, Shanghai, and Xiamen.

Softstar is famous among the Taiwan regions for designing and publishing Chinese language role-playing and puzzle/simulation games, mainly for the PC platform. Its most popular franchises include The Legend of Sword and Fairy series, Xuan-Yuan Sword series, Richman series, Stardom series, and Empire of Angels series.
Turkish makam
The Turkish makam (Turkish: makam pl. makamlar; from the Arabic word maqām مقام) is a system of melody types used in Turkish classical music and Turkish folk music. It provides a complex set of rules for composing and performance.  Each makam specifies a unique intervalic structure (cinsler meaning genera) and melodic development (seyir). Whether a fixed composition (beste, şarkı, peşrev, âyin, etc.) or a spontaneous composition (gazel, taksim, recitation of Kuran-ı Kerim, Mevlid, etc.), all attempt to follow the melody type. The rhythmic counterpart of makam in Turkish music is usul.

Genus (music)
In the musical system of ancient Greece, genus (Greek: γένος [genos], pl. γένη [genē], Latin: genus, pl. genera "type, kind") is a term used to describe certain classes of intonations of the two movable notes within a tetrachord. The tetrachordal system was inherited by the Latin medieval theory of scales and by the modal theory of Byzantine music; it may have been one source of the later theory of the jins of Arabic music. In addition, Aristoxenus (in his fragmentary treatise on rhythm) calls some patterns of rhythm "genera".
Dineshsinh Kushwaha
Dineshsinh Kushwaha (born 1968) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Bapunagar East Assembly constituency in Ahmedabad district. He won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Gujarat Legislative Assembly
The Gujarat Legislative Assembly (ISO: Gujārāt Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat, in the state capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from single-member constituencies (seats). It has a term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes.  From its majority party group or by way of a grand coalition cabinet of its prominent members, the state's Executive namely the Government of Gujarat is formed.

Since 1995, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly has been controlled by the Bharatiya Janata Party with an absolute majority in the House.
Kentucky Route 3005
Kentucky Route 3005 serves as a northern bypass of Elizabethtown. Locally, it is known as Ring Road. It originates outside the western limits of Elizabethtown at an interchange with Western Kentucky Parkway. The road then takes a wide circuit to the north of the city, eventually entering the city limits. Its eastern terminus is at U.S. 62, here known as Mulberry Street, within the city limits and approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Interstate 65.

Efforts are underway to extend the road to an interchange with Interstate 65.

Hardin County, Kentucky
Hardin County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat is Elizabethtown. The county was formed in 1792. Hardin County is part of the Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Louisville/Jefferson County—Elizabethtown-Bardstown, KY-IN Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 110,702.

Hardin County is known for being the birthplace of former U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, though the location is now part of neighboring LaRue County.
Hibbertia hemignosta
Hibbertia hemignosta is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 30–50 cm (12–20 in). It was first formally described in 1845 by Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel who gave it the name Pleurandra hemignosta in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae. In 2002, Judy Wheeler changed the name to Hibbertia hemignosta in Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. The specific epithet (hemignosta) means "half-known", but the reason for that name was not given. This hibbertia grows on sandplains, flats and slopes in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions in the south-west of Western Australia.

Hibbertia hemignosta is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

Johann Georg Christian Lehmann
Johann Georg Christian Lehmann (25 February 1792 – 12 February 1860) was a German botanist.

Born at Haselau, near Uetersen, Holstein, Lehmann studied medicine in Copenhagen and Göttingen, obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1813 and a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena in 1814. He spent the rest of his life as professor of physics and natural sciences, and head librarian, at the Gymnasium Academicum in Hamburg.

A prolific monographist of apparently quarrelsome character, he was a member of 26 learned societies and the founder of the Hamburg Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Hamburg, now the Alter Botanischer Garten Hamburg). Lehmann died at Hamburg in 1860.

Some of Lehmann's later illustrations were executed by the German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen.
Botanical specimens collected by Lehmann are cared for at institutions including the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL), Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria.
Domestic violence in Panama
Domestic violence in Panama is a serious problem and remains underreported.  
Domestic violence, including spousal rape, psychological, physical, and economic abuse are criminalized. Panama enacted Ley No.38 del 2001 against domestic violence. In 2013, the country enacted  Law 82 - Typifying Femicide and Violence Against Women (Ley 82 - Tipifica el Femicidio y la Violencia contra las Mujeres) a comprehensive law against violence against women.

The Integrated National System for Criminal Statistics (SIEC) reported 1,283 cases of domestic violence from January through June 2013. Statistics for January through September from the Panamanian Observatory Against Gender-Based Violence showed that of the 47 women who died violently, 30 died as a result of domestic violence.

Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person knowingly or intentionally exposing another person to a behavior that results in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological reactions.

It is often associated with situations of controlling behavior in abusive relationships, and may include bullying, gaslighting, abuse in the workplace, amongst other behaviors that may cause an individual to feel unsafe.
Leopoldsberg church
The Leopoldsberg church (also church of St. Leopold at Leopoldsberg, German: Leopoldsbergkirche) is a Roman Catholic quasi-parochial church in the Kahlenbergerdorf area of Döbling (the 19th district of Vienna). It is dedicated to Saint Margrave Leopold and is attached to the parish church of Nussdorf.

After being closed for a long time for repairs, the church was opened to the public in June 2018.

Leopold III, Margrave of Austria
Leopold III (German: Luitpold, Latin: Leupoldus, 1073 – 15 November 1136), known as Leopold the Good, was the Margrave of Austria from 1095 to his death in 1136. He was a member of the House of Babenberg. He was canonized on 6 January 1485 and became the patron saint of Austria, Lower Austria, Upper Austria and Vienna. His feast day is 15 November.
C.F. Marte Soyapango
Clube Futbol Marte Soyapango  is a Salvadoran professional football club based in Soyapango, San Salvador Department, El Salvador.

The club currently plays in the Tercera Division de Fútbol Salvadoreño.

Football club (association football)
In association football, a football club (or association football club, alternatively soccer club) is a sports club that acts as an entity through which association football teams organise their sporting activities. The club can exist either as an independent unit or as part of a larger sports organization as a subsidiary of the parent club or organization.

The sport of association football allows teams that partake in some sort of club activity to participate in tournaments such as leagues and other competitions. Teams must register their players as well as staff and other personnel to be eligible to represent the club in any activity as it regards to association football competitions.
Rosalind Marsden
Dame Rosalind Mary Marsden DCMG (born 1950) is a British diplomat and public servant. She was European Union Special Representative to Sudan from 2010 to 2013.  Dame Rosalind is a Patron of the charity Kids for Kids, helping children in Darfur, Sudan. She is currently an Associate Fellow in the Africa Programme at Chatham House.

She was educated at Woking County Grammar School for Girls, Somerville College, Oxford and St Antony's College, Oxford.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.