hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jasmina
Jasmina (Serbian Cyrillic: Јасмина), sometimes Jasminka, as a feminine variant, and Jasmin (Serbian Cyrillic: Јасмин), sometimes Jasminko, as a masculine variant, are given names used in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Slovenia, and same as a given name Jasmine, which is the common form in German, Romance and English-speaking countries, although almost always as a feminine variation.

Masculinity
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as anyone can exhibit masculine traits. Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. In Western cultures, its meaning is traditionally drawn from being contrasted with femininity.
Laughing Gas (novel)
Laughing Gas is a comic novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 25 September 1936 by Herbert Jenkins, London, and in the United States on 19 November 1936 by Doubleday, Doran, New York. Written in first person narrative, the story is set in Hollywood in the early 1930s (the Depression is mentioned twice) and is, compared to, say, Budd Schulberg's What Makes Sammy Run? (1941), a light-hearted and exclusively humorous look at the film industry and in particular at child stars. Both Schulberg and Wodehouse describe the methods of all those would-be screenwriters and actors hunting for jobs, but Wodehouse's depiction is not at all serious or critical.

Comic novel
A comic novel is a novel-length work of humorous fiction. Many well-known authors have written comic novels, including P. G. Wodehouse, Henry Fielding, Mark Twain, and John Kennedy Toole. Comic novels are often defined by the author's literary choice to make the thrust of the work—in its narration or plot—funny or satirical in orientation, regardless of the putative seriousness of the topics addressed.
A4148 road
The A4148 is an A-class road in the town of Walsall, West Midlands, England.  It serves as the town's ring road, as it encircles the town centre, and no road inside it has a number.  Major junctions occur where it meets the A34, A454 and A461.

Rather than a purpose-built ring road, such as the nearby A4150 Wolverhampton Inner Ring Road, the A4148 consists of existing streets marked as a ring road.  Since 2006, Walsall Council has implemented a number of roadwork projects in an attempt to improve traffic flow. This included eliminating the large roundabout near the Arboretum which was replaced by traffic lights.

Wolverhampton Ring Road
The A4150 Wolverhampton Inner Ring Road is a ring road that encircles the city centre of Wolverhampton in the West Midlands, England. The circumference of the road is around 2.1 miles (3.4 km). Technically, the route is listed as an "Inner Ring Road", although only a tiny section of the "Outer Ring Road" was ever constructed with only one of the two designed carriageways built. A second carriageway was built in 2017 along a short stretch between Patshull Avenue and Stafford Road. The section of outer ring road is called Wobaston Road and locally classified by Wolverhampton City Council as U119.
George Evans (antiquary)
George Evans, D.D. (1630?–1701/2), was an English antiquary.

Evans was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. and became a fellow of Jesus in 1650, and graduated M.A. in 1653. He became vicar of New Windsor, and was installed Canon of Windsor 30 July 1660. He proceeded D.D. at Cambridge in 1665; was licensed to St. Benet Fink, London, 16 May 1663; and was also rector of Hitcham, Buckinghamshire. His son, George Evans, also a fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, succeeded him at Benet Fink in 1693. He was a friend and correspondent of Elias Ashmole, and made collections relating to the history of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, printed in Ashmole's 'Berkshire,’ 1719.

He died 2 March 1701–2.

St Benet Fink
St Benet Fink was a church and parish in the City of London located on what is now Threadneedle Street.  Recorded since the 13th century, the church was destroyed in the Great Fire of London of 1666, then rebuilt to the designs of  Sir Christopher Wren. The Wren church was demolished between 1841 and 1846.
Baeckea polystemonea
Baeckea polystemonea, commonly known as the desert rock-myrtle, is a shrub found in central Australia.

The multi-stemmed shrub typically grows to a height of 0.5 to 2.5 metres (1.6 to 8.2 ft) and has smooth grey bark. The leaves are opposite , linear to oblong in shape and 2 to 8 millimetres (0.08 to 0.31 in) in length. It blooms between April and August producing pink and white flowers.

It is found on sand plains and rocky hillsides in central parts of the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia near the border with South Australia and the Northern Territory and extending into southern parts of the Northern Territory where it grows in skeletal sandy soils over quartzite.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1861 in the work Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae

Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae
Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae is a series of papers written by the Victorian Government botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in which he published many of his approximately 2000 descriptions of new taxa of Australian plants. It includes the plant genera of Reedia (belonging to the family Cyperaceae), and Acomis (in the daisy family).
The papers were issued in 94 parts between 1858 and 1882 and published in 11 volumes. Though a 12th volume was apparently planned, it was not published. It is the only scientific periodical in Australia that has been completely written in Latin.

One of the illustrators of the series was Ludwig Becker.
The World Is a Ghetto
The World Is a Ghetto is the fifth album by American band War, released in late 1972 on United Artists Records. The album attained the number one spot on Billboard, and was Billboard's Album of the Year as the best-selling album of 1973. In addition to being Billboard's  number 1 album of 1973, the album was ranked number 444 on Rolling Stone's original list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". The title track became a gold record.

United Artists Records
United Artists Records was an American record label founded by Max E. Youngstein of United Artists in 1957 to issue movie soundtracks. The label expanded into other genres, such as easy listening, jazz, pop, and R&B.
Claude Hall
Claude Hall (September 4, 1932 – July 7, 2017) was an American journalist and a writer for and longtime radio-TV editor of Billboard.

Born in Brady, Texas, Hall coined in 1965 the term "easy listening" to describe the sound of WPIX-FM, a radio station then heard in metropolitan New York City.

Hall was the author of the e-book "Radio Wars", which was published in 2012. He died in Las Vegas at age 84.

Brady, Texas
Brady is a city in McCulloch County, Texas, United States. Brady refers to itself as the "Heart of Texas", as it is the city closest to the geographical center of the state, which is about 15 miles northeast of Brady. Its population was 5,118 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of McCulloch County.
Jamaine Wray
Jamaine Wray (born 15 March 1984) is a Jamaican former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for Jamaica, and at club level for Castleford Tigers (2003's Super League VIII squad), Hunslet Hawks, York City Knights and Keighley Cougars, as a hooker, or loose forward.

Hunslet R.L.F.C.
Hunslet R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at South Leeds Stadium and compete in Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

The club was formed as a Phoenix club after the original Hunslet club folded.
Krupuk kulit
Krupuk kulit (Javanese: rambak; Sundanese: dorokdok; Minangkabau: karupuak jangek, lit. 'skin crackers') is a traditional Indonesian cattle skin krupuk (cracker). It is traditionally made from the soft inner skin of cattle (cow or water buffalo) which is diced and sun-dried until it hardens and loses most of its water content. The diced and dried skins are later fried in ample hot cooking oil until they expand similarly with bubbles and yield a crispy texture. This fried cattle skin is then sealed in vacuum plastic bags to ensure and prolong its crispiness.

Indonesian cuisine
Indonesian cuisine is a collection of regional culinary traditions of the various ethnic groups that form the archipelagic nation of Indonesia. There are a wide variety of recipes and cuisines in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 600 ethnic groups.

There are many regional cuisines, often based upon indigenous cultures, with some foreign influences.
Salisbury station (North Carolina)
Salisbury station is an Amtrak station located in Salisbury, North Carolina. It is served by three passenger trains: the Crescent, the Carolinian, and the Piedmont. The street address is Depot and Liberty Streets, and is located in the Salisbury Railroad Corridor Historic District.

Piedmont (train)
The Piedmont (also known as the Piedmont Service) is a regional passenger train operated by Amtrak and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), running four round trips daily between Raleigh and Charlotte, North Carolina. It is a sister train to the Carolinian, which runs from Charlotte to New York City. The Piedmont route is coextensive with the southern end of the Carolinian, largely paralleling Interstate 85. It operates along the western portion of the state-owned North Carolina Railroad, which runs from Charlotte to Morehead City. Operations began in May 1995.

NCDOT owns the rolling stock used on the Piedmont, unlike the Carolinian, which uses Amtrak rolling stock. Both trains are marketed by NCDOT under the NC By Train brand.

In fiscal year 2023, Piedmont carried 289,955 passengers, a 36.4% increase from FY2022. This is an increase from pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership, with 214,218 passengers carried in FY2019.
Ghiyath al-Din Pir Ahmad Khvafi
Ghiyath al-Din Pir Ahmad Khvafi was a Persian statesman who was the vizier of the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh (r. 1405–1447) from 1417 to 1447. He played a key role in reforming the Timurid bureaucratic administration. After his vizierate ended, he worked under several Timurid princes, including Abdal-Latif Mirza, Ala al-Dawla Mirza, Sultan-Muhammad and Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza. He died in 1453.

He was survived by his son, Majd al-Din Muhammad Khvafi, who was also vizier.

Vizier
A Vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the countries of "greater Persia". The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.

In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir.

A collection of Vizier may introduce a Grand Vizier, within their civilization.
National First XV Championship (New Zealand)
The National First XV Championship (or the Top 4) is the Premier Rugby Union competition for Secondary Schools/Colleges in New Zealand. Since 2016, the Top 4 tournament has been based at the Massey University Sport and Rugby Institute in Palmerston North. The New Zealand Schools' and New Zealand Barbarians Schools' teams are generally announced at the conclusion of the tournament, whereby a development camp will take place the following week at the Institute.

The winning school of the Top 4 tournament is awarded the National Championship title and recognised as the top NZ 1st XV school in the nation. Additionally, they are nominated as the representative team for New Zealand at the SANIX World Rugby Tournament. If the scores are tied at fulltime, the title is shared and the SANIX nomination is decided as-per the semi-final tiebreaker process.

Gisborne Boys' High School
Gisborne Boys' High School is a boys' secondary school situated in Gisborne, New Zealand. It was founded as a co-educational school in 1909 as Gisborne High School. In 1956, the school became Gisborne Boys' High School when it was split into two single-sex schools.
Lachezar Tanev
Lachezar Tanev (born 1 October 1963) is a retired Bulgarian football midfielder. Tanev has been a licensed FIFA players agent since 1995.

Tanev played club football for Spartak Pleven and PFC CSKA Sofia in the Bulgarian A PFG. He also had a spell with G.D. Chaves in the Portuguese Liga.

Tanev made 25 appearances for the Bulgaria national football team.

G.D. Chaves
Grupo Desportivo de Chaves (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃavɨʃ] ⓘ), commonly known as Chaves, is a Portuguese professional football club from Chaves, who are playing in the Liga Portugal 2. They were founded in 1949 and currently play at Estádio Municipal Eng. Manuel Branco Teixeira. Their home kit is red-and-blue striped shirt with blue shorts and socks, and the away kit is all white. Their current president is Bruno Carvalho and their manager is Moreno. Chaves have competed in the Portuguese First Division 18 times and had their best finish of fifth-place in the 1989–90 season. They went to Europe in the 1987–88 season, where they played in the UEFA Cup, beating Romanian side Universitatea Craiova in the first round and losing to Hungarian team Budapest Honvéd in the next round.
Xanthoparmelia minuta
Xanthoparmelia minuta is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by David Knox and Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Pilgrim's Rest in the Mount Sheba Nature Reserve at an elevation of about 1,965 m (6,447 ft); there, it was found growing on open sandstone cliffs. Tightly attached to its rock substrate, the thallus of X. minuta is yellowish green in color and measures 1–1.5 cm (0.4–0.6 in) broad. It contains norstictic acid, salazinic acid, consalazinic acid, usnic acid, and trace amounts of pyrophoric acid and protoconstipatic acid.

Salazinic acid
Salazinic acid is a depsidone with a lactone ring. It is found in some lichens, and is especially prevalent in Parmotrema and Bulbothrix, where its presence or absence is often used to help classify species in those genera.
Balthazar Bigirimana
Balthazar Bigirimana was a Burundian politician and diplomat. From 1995 to his death, he has been president of the Rally for the People of Burundi (RPB). Bigirimana was an ethnic Hutu from Kirundo province. From October 28, 2011 to December 13, 2012 he was Burundian Ambassador to Belgium.

Hutu
The Hutu (/ˈhuːtuː/), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda where they form one of the principal ethnic groups alongside the Tutsi and the Great Lakes Twa.
1978 Norwegian Second Division
The 1978 2. divisjon was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.

The league was contested by 30 teams, divided into a total of three groups; A and B (non-Northern Norwegian teams) and Group C, a district group which contained teams from Northern Norway. The winners of group A and B were promoted to the 1979 1. divisjon. The second placed teams in group A and B met the winner of group C in a qualification round where the winner was promoted to 1. divisjon. The bottom team in group A and B and the seven lowest ranked teams in group C were relegated to the 3. divisjon. The second last teams in group A and B met in a two-legged qualification round to avoid relegation.

Mjøndalen won group A with 29 points. Rosenborg won group B with 27 points. Both teams promoted to the 1979 1. divisjon. Tromsø won group C and qualified for and the promotion play-offs but was not promoted.

Strømmen IF
Strømmen Idrettsforening is a Norwegian sports club from Strømmen. It has sections for football, athletics and gymnastics, and formerly had sections for bandy, orienteering, skiing, speed skating, swimming among other sports.
Ghana women's national football team results
The Ghana women's national football team represents Ghana in women's association football and is administered by the Ghana Football Association (GFA); the association is affiliated to the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Football has been played in the country since 1903, organised by the national association since 8 September 1957. In 1991, the Black Queens were "hurriedly assembled" ahead of their first official match during the qualifying rounds for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup, a 5–1 defeat against Nigeria on 16 February 1991 — the first women's association football match on African ground.

The team's largest victories came on 29 March 1998 and 11 July 2004 when they defeated Guinea by 11–0 and 13–0, respectively. Their worst loss is 11–0 against Germany on 22 July 2016. Between 1991 and 2020, Ghana played 140 international matches, resulting in 76 victories, 28 draws and 36 defeats.

Nigeria women's national football team
The Nigeria women's national football team, nicknamed the Super Falcons, represents Nigeria in international women's football and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). The team is Africa's most successful international women's football team, having won a record ten Women's Africa Cup of Nations titles; their most recent title in 2025, after defeating Morocco in the final. The team is also the only women's national team from the Confederation of African Football to have reached the quarterfinals in both the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

They are also one of the few teams in the world and only African team to have qualified for every edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, with their best performance at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup where they reached the quarterfinals.
Sarcohyla toyota
Sarcohyla toyota, or Toyota's tree frog is a frog in the family Hylidae, endemic to Mexico.  Scientists have seen it in cloud forests in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountains between 1975 and 2185 meters above sea level.

Scientists place this frog in the same species group as Sarcohyla thorectes.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Nowa Kamienica
Nowa Kamienica [ˈnɔva kamjɛˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kamienica, within Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and is derived from the word kamień, which means "stone".

Karkonosze County
Karkonosze County (Polish: powiat karkonoski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

The county covers an area  of 628.2 square kilometres (242.5 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the city of Jelenia Góra, although this city is not part of the county (it forms a separate city county, which is an enclave within Karkonosze County). There are four towns within the county: Karpacz, Szklarska Poręba, Kowary and Piechowice. The first two of these are major ski resorts.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 63,639, out of which the population of the towns totals 28,213 and the rural population is 35,426.

Until July 2020 it was named Jelenia Góra County (Polish: powiat jeleniogórski). The change formally took effect on January 1, 2021. The current name references the Karkonosze Mountains.
Eddie Gleeson
Edward Gleeson (born 1920, date of death unknown) was an Irish hurler who played as a left corner-forward for the Tipperary senior team.

Gleeson made his first appearance for the team during the 1945 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen for just two full seasons. During that time he won one All-Ireland medal and one Munster medal. At club level Gleeson played with Thurles Sarsfields.

1945 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1945 was the 59th series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Tipperary won the championship, beating Kilkenny 5–6 to 3–6 in the final.
Anne Cheng
Anne Cheng (simplified Chinese: 程艾兰; traditional Chinese: 程艾蘭; pinyin: Chéng Àilán; born 11 July 1955) is a French Sinologist who teaches at the Collège de France and specializes in Chinese history and the history of Chinese philosophy. Pablo Ariel Blitstein, the author of "A new debate about alterity," describes her as an "important representative of French sinology".

She was born in Paris in 1955 to Chinese parents, academic François Cheng and a painter, who later became French citizens. Anne Cheng graduated from the École Normale Supérieure. She has taught and conducted research on sinology for the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), and the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (INALCO). She has had appointments to the Institut universitaire de France and the Collège de France.

Ordre national du Mérite
The Ordre national du Mérite (French: [ɔʁdʁ nɑsjɔnal dy meʁit]; English: National Order of Merit) is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's establishment was twofold: to replace the large number of ministerial orders previously awarded by the ministries; and to create an award that can be awarded at a lower level than the Legion of Honour, which is generally reserved for French citizens. It comprises about 185,000 members; 306,000 members have been admitted or promoted in 50 years.
Bletting
Bletting is a process of softening that certain fleshy fruits undergo, beyond ripening.

There are some fruits that are either sweeter after some bletting, such as sea buckthorn, or for which most varieties can be eaten raw only after bletting, such as medlars, persimmons, quince, service tree fruit, and wild service tree fruit (popularly known as chequers). The rowan or mountain ash fruit must be bletted and cooked to be edible, to break down the toxic parasorbic acid (hexenollactone) into sorbic acid.

Rowan
The rowans (/ˈraʊənz/ ROW-ənz or /ˈroʊənz/ ROH-ənz) or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus Sorbus of the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the  Himalaya, southern Tibet and parts of western China, where numerous apomictic microspecies occur. The name rowan was originally applied to the species Sorbus aucuparia and is also used for other species in the genus Sorbus.

Natural hybrids, often including S. aucuparia and the whitebeam, Aria edulis (syn. Sorbus aria), give rise to many endemic variants in the UK.