hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Polish protests
On June 4, 2023, a series of planned anti-government marches took place in several areas of Poland, with the main one being held in the capital city of Warsaw. The protests were additionally motivated by the passing of the bill commonly referred to as "Lex Tusk", which critics argued would disrupt the constitutional separation of powers by giving the ruling party of PiS excessive judicial oversight. The Polish opposition in the national Parliament, as well as numerous foreign commentators, considered the law's approval an extension of the perceived constitutional crisis under the presidency of Andrzej Duda and the government headed by Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki.

On 1 October 2023, the "March of a Million Hearts" took place in Warsaw.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
Earl Sterndale
Earl Sterndale is a village in the Upper Dove Valley in the Peak District, Derbyshire, England, situated near the River Dove, 5 miles south of Buxton, and 8 miles west of Bakewell. The population at the 2011 Census is listed under Hartington Middle Quarter. It is 1,100 feet (340 m) above sea level. The farms surrounding the village were medieval monastic granges in the care of the monks of Basingwerk Abbey.

Monastic grange
Monastic granges were outlying landholdings held by monasteries independent of the manorial system. The first granges were owned by the Cistercians, and other orders followed. Wealthy monastic houses had many granges, most of which were largely agricultural providing food for the monastic community. A grange might be established adjacent to the monastery, but others were established wherever it held lands, some at a considerable distance. Some granges were worked by lay-brothers belonging to the order, others by paid labourers.

Granges could be of six known types: agrarian; sheep runs; cattle ranges and holdings; horse studs; fisheries; industrial complexes. Industrial granges were significant in the development of medieval industries, particularly iron working.
Bodybuilding at the 2005 SEA Games
Bodybuilding at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games was held at the Government Service Insurance System Theater in Pasay, Philippines. This sport is not included in the Olympic Games but is included as one of the events in the SEA Games since 2003.

As a sport, called competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of judges, who assign points based on their aesthetic appearance.

Pasay
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: [ˈpaː.saɪ̯]), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 453,186 people.

Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period. It is now best known for being the site of most of Ninoy Aquino International Airport and of complexes such as Newport City and the SM Central Business Park.
Lauri Silvennoinen
Lauri Silvennoinen (November 7, 1916 – December 24, 2004) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1940s. He was born in Kesälahti, North Karelia.

Silvennoinen won a silver medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz in the 4 × 10 km relay.

Kesälahti
Kesälahti (Swedish: Kesälahti, also Kesälax) is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with Kitee on 1 January 2013.

It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Karelia region. The municipality has a population of 2,326
(31 December 2012) and covers an area of 583.08 square kilometres (225.13 sq mi) of
which 195.19 km2 (75.36 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
5.9965/km2 (15.531/sq mi).

The municipality was unilingually Finnish. The municipality was also known as "Kesälax" in Swedish. The Swedish name is now considered outdated according to the Institute for the Languages of Finland.
Arts and Letters Club of Toronto
The Arts and Letters Club of Toronto is a private members' club in Toronto, Ontario, which brings together writers, architects, musicians, painters, graphic artists, actors and others working in or with a love of the arts and letters. It was founded in 1908 as a gentlemen's club, but women have been members since 1985.

Private members' club
Private members' clubs are organisations which provide social and other facilities to members who typically pay a membership fee for access and use. Most are owned and controlled by their members even to this day. Some were originally gentlemen's clubs to which members first had to be elected; others are more modern commercial establishments with no class or gender bar, typically offering food, drink, comfortable surroundings, venue hire and business facilities, in return for members paying subscription or membership fees.
2013 FIA WTCC Race of Japan
The 2013 FIA WTCC Race of Japan (formally the 2013 FIA WTCC JVC Kenwood Race of Japan) was the tenth round of the 2013 World Touring Car Championship season and the sixth running of the FIA WTCC Race of Japan. It was held on 22 September 2013 at the Suzuka Circuit in Suzuka City, Japan.

Race one was won by Norbert Michelisz of Zengő Motorsport and race two was won by Tom Coronel of ROAL Motorsport.

Yvan Muller secured his fourth World Touring Car Championship Drivers' Championship title by finishing third in race one, he became the first driver to win the title without the support of a manufacturer.

Race two was the 200th World Touring Car Championship race to be run since the series began in 2005.

ROAL Motorsport
ROAL Motorsport (previously known as Ravaglia Motorsport) is an Italian auto racing team, which operated the BMW Team Italy-Spain team in the World Touring Car Championship, and currently competes as BMW Team Italia in the Italian GT Championship. It was founded in 2001 by 1987 World Touring Car champion Roberto Ravaglia and Aldo Preo (Roberto + Aldo = ROAL).
David Mounard
David Mounard (born 27 October 1980) is a French footballer who plays for Ariano Irpino.

Mounard was signed by Mons of Belgian First Division in 2003. In 2004, he left the relegated Mons for Foggia at Italian Serie C1.

In the summer 2008, he was signed by Gallipoli, with whom he also played at Serie B level. In August 2010, he was signed by Siena, but played only a spare league game before joining Benevento on loan during the winter 2011 transfer window. He joined Serie D club Salerno, founded earlier that year as direct heir of excluded local club Salernitana.

US Salernitana 1919
Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919 is an Italian professional football club based in Salerno, Campania. The original club was founded in 1919 and has been reconstituted three times in the course of its history, most recently in 2011. The current club is the heir of the former Salernitana Calcio 1919, and it restarted from Serie D in the 2011–12 season. Salernitana returned to Serie A in 2021, after a break of 23 seasons, having finished second in Serie B. Their tenure at the top level lasted until the 2023–24 season, when they were relegated back to Serie B. In the 2024-25 season, following the defeat against Sampdoria in the relegation playoff, Salernitana was relegated to Serie C. It is an associated member of European Club Association.
Vanessa Webb
Vanessa Webb (born 24 January 1976) is a Canadian former professional tennis player. She is currently the Player Class Director for the WTA Board of Directors.

In her career, she won ten singles and 25 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She also reached one WTA Tour doubles final, in Kuala Lumpur in 2000.

Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic
The Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic was a tennis tournament on the WTA Tour held in Bali, Indonesia in 2007 and 2008. During the period 1994–2006 it was known as Wismilak International, organized in Surabaya (1994–1997), Kuala Lumpur (1999–2000) and Bali (2001–2006). The tournament was played on outdoor hardcourts. In 2009 the tournament was replaced with the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions.
Bridgewater Collieries
Bridgewater Collieries originated from the coal mines on the Manchester Coalfield in Worsley in the historic county of Lancashire owned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater in the second half of the 18th century. After the Duke's death in 1803 his estate was managed by the Bridgewater Trustees until the 3rd Earl of Ellesmere inherited the estates in 1903. Bridgewater Collieries was formed in 1921 by the 4th Earl. The company merged with other prominent mining companies to form Manchester Collieries in 1929.

Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater
Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (21 May 1736 – 8 March 1803), known as Lord Francis Egerton until 1748, was a British peer from the Egerton family. He was the youngest son of the 1st Duke.  He did not marry, and the dukedom expired with him, although the earldom was inherited by a cousin, Lieutenant-General John Egerton.

A pioneer of canal construction, he is famed as the "father of British inland navigation", who commissioned the Bridgewater Canal—often said to be the first true canal in Britain, and the modern world. The canal was built for him by his agent John Gilbert with advice from James Brindley to service his coal mines at Worsley, in Lancashire.
WIHS
WIHS (104.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Middletown, Connecticut, United States, the station serves the Hartford area. The station is owned by Connecticut Radio Fellowship, Inc. and features programming from Salem Radio Network.

WIHS is a ministry of the Connecticut Radio Fellowship, broadcasting music, local and national Christian programs. WIHS is non-commercial, 100% listener supported, and has been broadcasting Christian programs since 1969.

The call sign WIHS-TV was used from 1964 to 1966 by the Archdiocese of Boston on UHF Channel 38; that station is now WSBK-TV.

Archdiocese of Boston
The Archdiocese of Boston (Latin: Archidiœcesis Bostoniensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Massachusetts in the United States. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston.

The Diocese of Boston was erected in 1808, branching off from the Diocese of Baltimore. It grew rapidly during the 19th century; today it is the fourth largest archdiocese in the United States. Starting in 2002, the archdiocese faced a sexual abuse scandal which touched off investigations of Catholic Church sexual abuse cases throughout the United States. Richard G. Henning is the archbishop.
Column family
A column family is a database object that contains columns of related data. It is a tuple (pair) that consists of a key–value pair, where the key is mapped to a value that is a set of columns. In analogy with relational databases, a column family is as a "table", each key-value pair being a "row". Each column is a tuple (triplet) consisting of a column name, a value, and a timestamp.  In a relational database table, this data would be grouped together within a table with other non-related data.

Two types of column families exist:

Standard column family: contains only columns

Super column family: contains a map of super columns

Timestamp
A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, usually giving the date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second. Timestamps do not have to be based on some absolute notion of time, however. They can have any epoch, can be relative to any arbitrary time, such as the power-on time of a system or some arbitrary time in the past.

A distinction is sometimes made between the terms datestamp (DS), timestamp (TS) and date-timestamp (DTS):

Datestamp: A date, for example 2026-02-19 according to ISO 8601

Timestamp: A time of day, for example 08:53:29 (using the 24-hour clock)

Date-timestamp: Date and time, for example 2026-02-19T08:53:29 (ISO 8601)
Antonieta Figueroa
Antonieta Figueroa is a Mexican painter who lives in Mexico City. Born in 1934, she studied at La Esmeralda Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado in the late 1950s. She studied under Manuel Rodríguez Lozano and Carlos Orozco Romero.

Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda"
La Esmeralda or Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado (ENPEG) (English: National School of Painting, Sculpture and Printmaking) is a Mexican art school founded in 1927 and located in Mexico City.
Boronia filicifolia
Boronia filicifolia is a plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae and is endemic to the far north-west of Australia. It is an erect or sprawling shrub with many branches, pinnate leaves with up to 55 leaflets and white to pink flowers with the sepals a similar length to the petals.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Manitowish River
The Manitowish River is a river in Vilas County and Iron County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  Its source is Fishtrap Lake near Boulder Junction.  The confluence of the Manitowish River and the Bear River is the source of the north fork of the Flambeau River.  Historically the Manitowish River was an important part of an extensive network of canoe routes linked by short land portages, used by the Ojibwe and fur traders.  In modern times the river and the lakes it connects are popular recreational waterways.

By some early accounts Manitowish is derived from a reference to the Ojibwe word for spirit or evil spirit.  However the precise origin and meaning of the word is in some dispute.

Vilas County, Wisconsin
Vilas County (/vaɪləs/ VYE-ləss) is a county in the state of Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,047. Its county seat is Eagle River. The county partly overlaps the reservation of the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Stedelijk Gymnasium Leiden
The Stedelijk Gymnasium Leiden is a gymnasium in Leiden, Netherlands. It is one of the oldest schools in the country; its history dates back to the Middle Ages. The Stedelijk Gymnasium Leiden is the largest gymnasium-only school in the Netherlands, with over 1,800 pupils (in 2014).

Iefke van Belkum
Iefke van Belkum (born 22 July 1986) is a water polo player of the Netherlands who represents the Dutch national team in international competitions.

Van Belkum was part of the team that became 10th at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal. At the 2006 FINA Women's Water Polo World League in Cosenza and the 2006 Women's European Water Polo Championship in Belgrade they finished in fifth place, followed by the 9th spot at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships in Melbourne. The Dutch team finished in fifth place at the 2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship in Málaga and they qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. There they ended up winning the gold medal on 21 August, beating the United States 9-8 in the final.

She has played for the Greek clubs Ethnikos Piraeus, where she won the LEN Trophy in 2010, and Olympiacos, where she won the Greek Championship in 2011, scoring 5 goals in the final game of the best-of-five final series.
Hawaii water resource region
The Hawaii water resource region is one of 21 major geographic areas, or regions, in the first level of classification used by the United States Geological Survey to divide and sub-divide the United States into successively smaller hydrologic units. These geographic areas contain either the drainage area of a major river, or the combined drainage areas of a series of rivers.

The Hawaii region, which is listed with a 2-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) of 20, has an approximate size of 6,428 square miles (16,650 square kilometers), and consists of 9 subregions, which are listed with the 4-digit HUCs 2001 through 2009.

This region includes the drainage within the state of Hawaii. Includes all of Hawaii.

Square mile
The square mile (abbreviated as sq mi and sometimes as mi2) is an imperial and US unit of measure for area. One square mile is equal to the area of a square with each side measuring a length of one mile.
Neocoenyra cooksoni
Neocoenyra cooksoni is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1907. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Zambia, Angola and north-western Tanzania. The habitat consists of Brachystegia woodland.

Brachystegia
Brachystegia is a genus of tree of the subfamily Detarioideae that is native to tropical Africa.

Trees of the genus are commonly known as miombo, and are dominant in the miombo woodlands of central and southern tropical Africa. The Zambezian region is the centre of diversity for the genus.
Purpureocillium atypicola
Purpureocillium atypicola is a species of entomopathogenic fungus, previously known as Nomuraea atypicola, in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae with no subspecies listed in the Catalogue of Life. There are records of this mushroom from Japan, Australia and New Zealand.

Entomopathogenic fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi are parasitic unicellular or multicellular microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, that can infect and seriously disable or kill insects.

Pathogenicity for insects is widely distributed in the kingdom of fungi and occur in six fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Oomyceta, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia). It plays a vital ecological role in controlling insect populations by impacting 19 out of 30 known insect orders. Some fungal entomopathogens are opportunistic whereas some have evolved into highly specific pathogens of insects.
Madreterra
"Madreterra" (Italian: [ˌmadreˈtɛrra]; Sicilian: Matriterra [ˌmaʈɽɪˈtɛrːa]) is the official anthem of Sicily since 2003. It was the first regional anthem in Italy, and was written by Vincenzo Spampinato, who was chosen after an official competition. However, other songs (notably, Suoni la tromba, English translation: Blare the trumpet) have been traditionally regarded as national anthems of Sicily. The lyrics are in Italian. Madreterra was performed in public for the first time at the Ancient theatre of Taormina on 14 June 2003 by the Sicilian Symphony Orchestra and the Musa 2000 Choir.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Battle of Lida (1919)
The Battle of Lida took place on 16 and 17 April 1919 around the city of Lida during the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–20. During World War I Lida was occupied by the German troops. In 1919 the Red Army briefly established Soviet power here.

Polish troops under General Józef Adam Lasocki reached the outskirts of the town, which was an important railroad junction, in early March 1919. On April 15 they resumed their advance and on April 17 they captured Lida, as a screening operation to the taking of Vilnius, which was the main target of Polish operation.

Józef Adam Lasocki
Józef Adam Feliks Bronisław Lasocki (1861–1931) was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army.

During the First World War, he commanded formations from regiment to division in size.

From December 1918, he was a general in the Polish Army during the Polish-Soviet War. In 1919, he commanded 2 BJ, Grupa Zaniemenska, 1 and 2 DLB and 8 DP. In 1920, he stopped the Russian forces from crossing Vistula River to his area of operations. He retired in 1921.
Dobele Municipality
Dobele Municipality (Latvian: Dobeles novads) is a municipality in the historical region of Zemgale, and the Zemgale Planning Region in Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Dobele town and the Annenieki, Auri, Bērze, Biksti, Dobele, Jaunbērze, Krimūna, Naudīte, Penkule and Zebrene parishes, the administrative centre being Dobele. As of 2020, the population was 19,286.

On 1 July 2021, Dobele Municipality was enlarged when Auce Municipality and Tērvete Municipality were merged into it. It borders Lithuania.

Zemgale Planning Region
Zemgale Planning Region (Latvian: Zemgales plānošanas reģions) is a planning region of Latvia located within the south-center of the country. Established in 2002, the planning region contains 22 municipalities: 20 local governments and two major cities, the largest being Jelgava. As of 2020, the region's population was 228,409.
Perce-Neige Publishing
The Perce-Neige Publishing (Éditions Perce-Neige) is an Acadian publishing house founded in 1980 and based in Moncton, New Brunswick. It publishes French-language literature about the Atlantic region. As a non-profit organization, it seeks to promote Acadian literature in the Maritime Provinces and preserve Acadian literary heritage.

The publisher is a member of several professional organizations, including the Association nationale des éditeurs de livres (ANEL), the Regroupement des éditeurs franco-canadiens (REFC), and the Réseau des arts de la parole et des arts et initiatives littéraires (RAPAIL).

Herménégilde Chiasson
Herménégilde Chiasson OC ONB RCA (born 7 April 1946) is a Canadian poet, playwright and visual artist of Acadian origin. Born in Saint-Simon, New Brunswick, he was the 29th Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick between 2003 and 2009.  He is also currently a professor at Université de Moncton.