hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alois Pfeiffer
Alois Pfeiffer (25 September 1924 – 1 August 1987) was a German trade unionist who served as a European Commissioner in the 1980s.

Pfeiffer was born on 25 September 1924 in Bauerbach in Thuringia. He worked as a forester, and then became a director of the Horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry Union, serving as the union's president from 1969 to 1975.  He also served for a decade on the main board of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB).

A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), in 1985, he was appointed as one of West Germany's two European Commissioners on the first Delors Commission, as Commissioner for Economic affairs and employment.

He died in office on 1 August 1987, in Düsseldorf, and on 22 September was replaced as Commissioner by Peter Schmidhuber.

European Commissioner for Social Rights and Skills, Quality Jobs and Preparedness
The Commissioner for Social Rights and Skills, Quality Jobs and Preparedness is a member of the European Commission. The position was previously titled as the Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility until 2019. The current holder is Roxana Mînzatu.

The portfolio is responsible for matters relating to employment, social affairs, skills, and labour mobility. It also includes the coordination of the European Social Fund (ESF), the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) and the management of the EU Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (EaSI), which brings together three EU programmes since 2014, namely EURES, PROGRESS, and Progress Microfinance.
Lafayette High School
Lafayette High School is the name of many secondary schools in the United States, among them:

Lafayette High School (Alabama), in Lafayette, Alabama

Lafayette High School (Georgia), in Lafayette, Georgia

Lafayette High School (Florida), in Mayo, Florida

Lafayette High School (Kentucky), in Lexington, Kentucky

Lafayette High School (Louisiana), in Lafayette, Louisiana

Lafayette High School (St. Joseph, Missouri), in St. Joseph, Missouri

Lafayette High School (Wildwood, Missouri), in Wildwood, Missouri

Lafayette High School (Buffalo, New York), in Buffalo, New York

Lafayette High School (New York City), in Brooklyn, New York

Lafayette High School (Virginia), near Williamsburg, Virginia

LaFayette Jr./Sr. High School (LaFayette, New York), in LaFayette, New York

Lafayette High School (Mississippi), in Oxford, Mississippi

Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford is the 14th most populous city in Mississippi, United States, and the county seat of Lafayette County, 75 miles (121 km) southeast of Memphis. A college town, Oxford surrounds the University of Mississippi or "Ole Miss". Founded in 1837, the city is named after Oxford, England.

Purchasing the land from a Chickasaw, pioneers founded Oxford in 1837. In 1841, the Mississippi State Legislature selected it as the site of the state's first university, Ole Miss. Oxford is also the hometown of Nobel Prize-winning novelist William Faulkner, and served as the inspiration for his fictional Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha County. Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, who served as a US Supreme Court Justice and Secretary of the Interior, also lived and is buried in Oxford.

At the 2020 US Census, the population was 25,416.
Thetford, Lincolnshire
Thetford is a hamlet and farm in the civil parish of Baston in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.

Although Thetford has shrunken to a single farmhouse and associated outbuildings, this was once a manor of Spalding Priory with its own chapel. There are records of ministers being installed in 1529 and 1539. The present house and barn are Grade II listed buildings.

Thetford lies north of the village of Baston and to the south of the River Glen. It is on the line of the Car Dyke, a ditch or catchwater drain dating to the time of the Roman occupation, which is regarded as the western boundary of The Fens. The A15 road, that crosses the Glen at Kate's Bridge, runs less than 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Thetford.

Car Dyke
The Car Dyke was, and to a large extent still is, a long ditch which runs along the western edge of the Fens in eastern England for a distance of over 57 miles (92 km). It is generally accepted as being a Roman construction and was, for many centuries, considered to mark the western edge of the Fens. Its name derives from carr, a fourteenth-century word for marsh or drained land.
2025 MLS Cup playoffs
The 2025 MLS Cup playoffs (branded as the Audi MLS Cup Playoffs for sponsorship reasons) was the post-season championship of Major League Soccer (MLS), the top soccer league in the United States and Canada. It was the 30th edition of the MLS Cup playoffs, following the conclusion of the 2025 season. The playoffs began on October 22 and concluded with MLS Cup 2025 on December 6.

Both of the previous year's MLS Cup finalists, champions LA Galaxy and runners-up New York Red Bulls, failed to qualify, the latter for the first time since 2009. San Diego FC qualified for the playoffs as Western Conference champions in their inaugural MLS season, but were eliminated in the conference finals by Vancouver Whitecaps FC. The Philadelphia Union entered as Supporters' Shield and Eastern Conference champions, but were eliminated in the conference semifinals by New York City FC.

Inter Miami CF won their first MLS Cup title after defeating the Vancouver Whitecaps FC 3–1.

Western Conference (MLS)
The Western Conference is one of the two Major League Soccer conferences, along with the Eastern Conference. The division of the conferences broadly follows the path of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, with clubs on, or west of the river in the Western Conference.

As of 2025, the Western Conference contains 15 teams. The conference has produced 11 Supporters' Shield champions and 18 MLS Cup winners in Major League Soccer's first 29 seasons. In 2000 and 2001, the conference was referred to as the Western Division when Major League Soccer briefly reorganized into three divisions.
Oak apple
An oak apple or oak gall is a large, round, vaguely apple-like gall commonly found on many species of oak. Oak apples range in size from 2 to 4 centimetres (1 to 2 in) in diameter and are caused by chemicals injected by the larva of certain kinds of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Assam women's cricket team
The Assam women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian state of Assam. The team competes in the Women's Senior One Day Trophy and, since 2008–09, in the Women's Senior T20 Trophy.

Senior Women's T20 Trophy
The Senior Women's T20 Trophy, previously known as the Senior Women's T20 League, is a women's Twenty20 cricket competition held in India. It began in the 2008–09 season, with 28 teams representing state cricket associations, whilst the most recent season, 2022–23, had 37 teams competing. Railways are the most successful team in the history of the competition, winning 11 titles, whilst Delhi, Punjab and Mumbai have won the competition once apiece.
Joel Moskowitz
Joel M. Moskowitz is a researcher on the faculty of the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley. He has worked on public health issues that include cell phone risk, tobacco control, and alcohol abuse. He helped the city of Berkeley, California to draft an ordinance mandating safety warnings on cell phones. In 2018, Moskowitz won the James Madison Freedom of Information Award for his work in bringing to light previously publicly unknown California Department of Public Health guidance documents about cell phone safety.

Tobacco control
Tobacco control is a field of international public health science, policy and practice dedicated to addressing tobacco use and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality it causes. Since most cigarettes and cigars and hookahs contain or use tobacco, tobacco control also addresses these products. Tobacco control is a priority area for the World Health Organization (WHO) as a part of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. References to a tobacco control movement may have either positive or negative connotations, depending upon the commentator.

Tobacco control aims to reduce the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine use and this is measured with the "age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older". E-cigarettes do not contain tobacco itself, but often contain nicotine, and are thus often are considered within the context of tobacco control.
Lanmaoa pseudosensibilis
Lanmaoa pseudosensibilis is a fungus of the family Boletaceae. First described officially in 1971 by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers, it was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Lanmaoa in 2015.

The yellowish to peachy cap is 4–15 centimetres (1+1⁄2–6 in) wide. The stem is 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tall and 1–2.5 cm (1⁄2–1 in). The flesh is yellow and can stain blue.

From July to September, it can be found in eastern North America under hardwood trees, mostly oak.

While edible, it is not recommended as it could be confused with toxic species.

Harry D. Thiers
Harry Delbert Thiers (January 22, 1919, in Fort McKavett, Texas – August 8, 2000, in Ohio) was an American mycologist who studied and named many fungi native to North America, particularly California. Thiers taught mycology at San Francisco State University. He comprehensively revised and expanded on the North American collection of boletes and named many new species.

Species authored by Thiers include the boletes Suillellus amygdalinus, Boletus barrowsii, Xerocomellus dryophilus, Rubroboletus pulcherrimus, Leccinum manzanitae, and other mushrooms including Gymnopilus luteoviridis and Russula xanthoporphyrea.

The standard author abbreviation Thiers is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Houplines
Houplines (French pronunciation: [uplin]; Dutch: Opline) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is part of the Métropole Européenne de Lille.

Adjoining the communal (village) cemetery is the Houplines Communal Cemetery Extension, a Commonwealth War Graves Commission maintained cemetery containing the graves of 466 identified casualties, 465 of them Commonwealth servicemen who died in the area around the village during the First World War.

Houplines maintains a partnership arrangement with the German community of Kirchhundem.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Charlene Dash
Charlene Dash is an African-American model.
Dash is one of the models recognized by the 2011 Huffington Post Game Changer Awards. The awards honored African American models featured in the Versailles fashion show entitled The Battle of Versailles Fashion Show which was a fashion show held on November 28, 1973, in the Palace of Versailles in France. The fashion show was organized to raise money to restore the palace. Charlene Dash was among several models recognized including Pat Cleveland, Bethann Hardison, Billie Blair, Alva Chinn, Norma Jean Darden, Jennifer Brice, Barbara Jackson, China Machado, Ramona Saunders, and Amina Warsuma.

Dash was signed to the Ford Models agency in 1968 and appeared in cosmetics commercials for Clairol.

Clairol
Clairol is the American personal care-product division of company Wella, specializing in hair coloring and hair care. Clairol was founded in 1931 by Americans Joan Gelb and her husband Lawrence M. Gelb, with business partner and lifelong friend James Romeo, after discovering hair-coloring preparations while traveling in France. The company became popular in its home country, the United States, for its "Miss Clairol" home hair-coloring kit introduced in 1956. By 1959, Clairol was considered the leading company in the U.S. hair-coloring industry. In 2004, Clairol registered annual sales of US$1.6 billion from the sale of its hair-care products. As of 2014, Clairol manufactures hair-coloring products sold under the brand names "Natural Instincts", "Nice 'n Easy", and "Perfect Lights".
Murus Terreus
The Murus Terreus Carinarum is an obscure earthwork fortification of the ancient city of Rome known from a passage in the works of Varro. The Murus Terreus may have been a part of Rome's earliest fortifications, often referred to as the Servian Wall. While the location of the Murus Terreus remains unknown and debated, it is thought likely that it belonged to the fortifications of the Oppian Hill, thus placing it between the Carinae and the Subura. Pinza suggested that the works were located on the summit of the Oppian.

Marcus Terentius Varro
Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Virgil and Cicero). He is sometimes called Varro Reatinus ("Varro of Rieti") to distinguish him from his younger contemporary Varro Atacinus ("Varro of Atax").
Romance & the Stage
Romance & the Stage is an album by Elaine Paige, released in 1993.

It was produced by Peter Matz and recorded at CTS Studios, London. The recording features songs primarily taken from stage musicals of the 1930s and 1940s, such as Annie Get Your Gun and Kismet.

The album was released by RCA Records and distributed in the United Kingdom by BMG.

Annie Get Your Gun (musical)
Annie Get Your Gun is a 1946 musical with lyrics and music by Irving Berlin and a book by Dorothy Fields and her brother Herbert Fields. The story is a fictionalized version of the life of Annie Oakley (1860–1926), a sharpshooter who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West, and her romance with fellow sharpshooter Frank E. Butler (1847–1926).

The 1946 Broadway production was a hit, and the musical had long runs in both New York (1,147 performances) and London, spawning revivals, a 1950 film version and television versions. Songs that became hits include "There's No Business Like Show Business", "Doin' What Comes Natur'lly", "You Can't Get a Man with a Gun", "They Say It's Wonderful", and "Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)".
1994 Torneo Internazionale Città di Firenze
The 1994 Torneo Internazionale Città di Firenze, also known as the Florence Classic, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Florence, Italy that was part of the World Series  tier of the 1994 ATP Tour circuit. It was the 22nd and last edition of the tournament and was played from 6 June until 12 June 1994. Unseeded Marcelo Filippini won the singles title.

ATP Florence
The Florence Open is a defunct men's tennis tournament founded also known as the International City of Florence Tournament or Torneo Internazionali Citta di Firenze. It was part of the Rothman's Spring Mediterranean circuit in 1973, the Grand Prix tennis circuit from 1974 until 1989 and the ATP Tour from 1990 until 1994. The tournament was held in Florence, Italy and was played on outdoor clay courts. From 1973 until 1989, it was played in the weeks preceding the French Open; however, from 1990, it was played the week immediately after.

Italian Paolo Bertolucci won the event a record three consecutive times from 1975 through 1977, with clay court specialist Thomas Muster repeating the feat from 1991 through 1993.

The event was resumed in October 2022 as an ATP Tour 250 event with a single-year license due to the cancellation of tournaments in China because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
19th-century French literature
19th-century French literature concerns the developments in French literature during a dynamic period in French history that saw the rise of Democracy and the fitful end of Monarchy and Empire. The period covered spans the following political regimes: Napoleon Bonaparte's Consulate (1799–1804) and Empire (1804–1814), the Restoration under Louis XVIII and Charles X (1814–1830), the July Monarchy under Louis Philippe d'Orléans (1830–1848), the Second Republic (1848–1852), the Second Empire under Napoleon III (1852–1871), and the first decades of the Third Republic (1871–1940).

French Consulate
The Consulate (French: Consulat) was the top-level government of the First French Republic from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the French Empire on 18 May 1804.

During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, with his appointment as First Consul, established himself as the head of a more autocratic and centralised republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler. Due to the long-lasting institutions established during these years, Robert B. Holtman has called the consulate "one of the most important periods of all French history." By the end of this period, Bonaparte had engineered an authoritarian personal rule now viewed as a military dictatorship.
Andrew Onderdonk
Andrew Onderdonk (30 August 1848 – 21 June 1905) was an American construction contractor who worked on several major projects in the West, including the San Francisco seawall in California and the Canadian Pacific Railway in British Columbia. He was born in New York City to an established ethnic Dutch family. He received his education at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

He married Sarah Delia Hilman of Plainfield, New Jersey. After starting his career surveying town sites and roads in New Jersey, he headed west to work as a general manager for financier Darius Ogden Mills on several engineering contracts. He died in Oscawana-on-the Hudson, New York, on June 21, 1905.

Eagle Pass (British Columbia)
Eagle Pass (elevation 550 metres or 1,804 feet) is a mountain pass through the Gold Range of the Monashee Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It divides the Columbia River drainage basin from that of the Fraser River (via the Shuswap Lakes and the Thompson River).

Eagle Pass was chosen as the route of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), and later the Trans-Canada Highway, over the Monashees. The line over the Eagle Pass was the last section of the CPR to be completed; the last spike was driven at a location known as Craigellachie in 1885.

The pass was discovered by Walter Moberly in his role as Assistant Surveyor General of British Columbia in 1865.

The nearest city to Eagle Pass is Revelstoke, 20 kilometres to the east.
Maramec Spring
Maramec Spring is located on the Meramec River near St. James in the east-central Ozarks of Missouri. The fifth largest spring in the state with an average discharge of 153 cubic feet (4.3 m3) of water per second, it is part of a Karst topographical area, with many springs and caves. The spring and 1800 acres (7.28 km²) are owned by the James Foundation, which maintains the area as a public park, donated by Lucy Wortham James. The Missouri Department of Conservation operates a trout hatchery and fishery at the spring. Ruins of the Maramec Iron Works are still visible at the site; its machinery was partly powered by the spring's waterflow. The spring was declared a National Natural Landmark in October 1971.

Missouri Department of Conservation
The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) and the Missouri Conservation Commission were created by Article IV Sections 40-42 of the Missouri Constitution, which were adopted by the voters of the state in 1936 as Amendment 4 to the constitution. The Commission is vested with control, management, restoration, conservation, and regulation of fish, forest, and wildlife resources of the state.
The Department of Conservation owns and oversees hatcheries, sanctuaries, refuges, and reservations, and enforces the state wildlife code.  The Commission consists of four individuals appointed by the Governor of Missouri to serve unpaid 6-year terms. No more than two of the individuals may be from the same political party.
Per Hafslund
Per Hafslund (18 August 1918 – 3 May 1990) was a Norwegian biologist, educator and broadcasting person. He was born in Drammen. He graduated in zoology from the University of Oslo in 1946. Working for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, he produced more than 35 programs for Skolekringkastingen between 1952 and 1959, and thereafter 64 programs for television. Among his books are Naturens eventyr from 1962 and Dyr i kameraøyet from 1964.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films Company
Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films Company (Arabic: شركة أفلام عز الدين ذو الفقار, aka: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films) is a film production company founded in Cairo by Ezz El-Dine Zulfikar and  Salah Zulfikar in 1958. The company operated in the Middle East and North Africa since 1958 until 1963.

Rushdy Abaza
Rushdy Saeed Baghdadi Abaza (Arabic: رشدي سعيد بغدادي أباظة; 3 August 1926 – 27 July 1980) was an Egyptian film and television actor. He was considered one of the most charming actors in the Egyptian film industry and is one of the most famous. He died of brain cancer at the age of 53.

Rushdy Abaza is "widely considered one of the greatest names in the history of Arab cinema", with no less than 150 movies to his name.
Category of topological spaces
In mathematics, the category of topological spaces, often denoted , is the category whose objects are topological spaces and whose morphisms are continuous maps.  This is a category because the composition of two continuous maps is again continuous, and the identity function is continuous. The study of  and of properties of topological spaces using the techniques of category theory is known as categorical topology.

N.B. Some authors use the name  for the categories with topological manifolds, with 
compactly generated spaces as objects and continuous maps as morphisms or with the category of compactly generated weak Hausdorff spaces.

Function composition
In mathematics, the composition operator  takes two functions,  and , and returns a new function .  When the composite function  (pronounced " of ") is evaluated at an input , the result is . That is, the function  is applied after applying  to .

The composition of functions is a special case of the composition of relations, sometimes also denoted by . As a result, all properties of composition of relations are true of composition of functions, such as associativity.