hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Almut Gitter Jones
Almut Gitter Jones (8 September 1923 – 12 October 2013) was a German-American botanist, mycologist, and plant taxonomist known for her work researching the genus Aster, as well as for her work as curator of the herbarium at the University of Illinois.

Jones was born Almut Gitter in Oldenburg to Alfred and Emma (née Eickhorst) Gitter. She married fellow botanist George Neville Jones in Urbana, Illinois in 1958. She died in Urbana, Illinois.

She described over fifty species, and the genus Almutaster of the family Asteraceae was named for her in 1982. The standard author abbreviation A.G.Jones is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. In 1997, Jones co-authored An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL), documenting the herbarium's fungal type specimens.

Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy—the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living organisms.

Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two. In practice, "plant systematics" involves relationships between plants and their evolution, especially at the higher levels, whereas "plant taxonomy" deals with the actual handling of plant specimens. The precise relationship between taxonomy and systematics, however, has changed along with the goals and methods employed.

Plant taxonomy is well known for being turbulent, and traditionally not having any close agreement on circumscription and placement of taxa. See the list of systems of plant taxonomy.
Pattakkarai
Pattakkarai is a small village situated near Nazareth in the Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on the road from Nazareth, which is 4 km away, to Tiruchendur. There are about 150 families in this village who live in more than 200 houses. It belongs to the Kachanavilai panchayat.

Facilities in Pattakkarai include a C.S.I church (Holy Immanuel Church) and a post office. The majority of the population is Christian. Their business is fishing, gardening and cultivation. The main community is the Nadar caste which belongs to the Ruban community from Israel. Every year, people celebrate the church inauguration day on 18 May. The same day, people donate food for people from the church.

Thoothukudi district
Thoothukudi district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India. On 20 October 1986, an M. G. Ramachandran-led government bifurcated the Tirunelveli district to form the district. It is shared by its boundaries with the Tenkasi, Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, and Virudhunagar districts and by the Gulf of Mannar in the Bay of Bengal. The district is like a mini India in shape. It is broad in the north and tapers towards the south. Thoothukudi is the headquarters and largest city of the district.
Sant Llorenç de Balafia
Sant Llorenç de Balàfia is a small village in the north central area of the Spanish island of Ibiza. The village is in the municipality of Sant Joan de Labritja. The village lies to the west the designated road EI-300 which connects Ibiza town with the village of Sant Joan de Labritja. The village is 9.9 miles (15.9 km) north of Ibiza Town and 14.5 miles (23.3 km) from Ibiza Airport.

Ibiza Airport
Ibiza Airport (IATA: IBZ, ICAO: LEIB) (Catalan: Aeroport d'Eivissa, Spanish: Aeropuerto de Ibiza) is the international airport serving the Balearic Islands of Ibiza and Formentera in Spain located 7 km (4.3 mi) southwest of Ibiza. In 2020, the airport handled 2.1 million passengers (after more than 8.2 million in pre COVID-19 conditions in 2019), making it the thirteenth busiest airport in the country. As the island is a major European holiday destination, it features both year-round domestic services and several dozen seasonal routes to cities across Europe. It is also used as a seasonal base for Vueling.
Death Before Dishonor III
Death Before Dishonor III is a major professional wrestling event produced by Ring of Honor (ROH). It took place on June 18, 2005 from the Mennen Sports Arena in Morristown, New Jersey.

This was the third annual event in the Death Before Dishonor chronology, with the first taking place in 2003.

Mennen Arena
The William G. Mennen Sports Arena, commonly referred to as Mennen Arena, is a multi-purpose arena in Morris Township, New Jersey primarily used for ice hockey and other skating activities. The building houses three regulation-sized ice rinks. The main rink has seating for 2,500 spectators.
Mönkh-Erdene Enkhtaivan
Munkh-Erdene Enkhtaivan (Mongolian: Энхтайван овогтой Мөнх-Эрдэнэ; born 17 October 1995) is a Mongolian professional association footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Mongolian Premier League club FC Ulaanbaatar, and the Mongolian national team. He made his first appearance for the Mongolia national football team in 2017.

Mongolian Premier League
The Mongolian Premier League (Монголын Үндэсний Дээд Лиг) is the top-tier professional football league of Mongolia. It is contested by ten clubs and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 1st League. The league is controlled by the Mongolian Football Federation.

The inaugural season started in 1955. Seasons start in late April and last until late October or early November because of the low temperatures in the winter, with each championship corresponding to a calendar year. Teams play 18 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 90 matches in the season.
USNS Cesar Chavez
USNS Cesar Chavez (T-AKE-14), a Lewis and Clark-class dry cargo ship, is the first ship operated by the United States Navy to be named for Cesar Chavez (1927–1993), labor leader and civil rights activist.
Chávez joined the Navy at the age of seventeen in 1944 during World War II, and served for two years.

Cesar Chavez's keel was laid down on 9 May 2011 by the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (NASSCO) in San Diego.
The ship was launched on 5 May 2012.

National Steel and Shipbuilding Company
National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (NASSCO) is an American shipbuilding company with four shipyards located in San Diego, Norfolk, Bremerton, and Mayport. It is a division of General Dynamics. NASSCO owns a subsidiary manufacturing facility with TIMSA in Mexicali, Mexico. The San Diego shipyard specializes in constructing commercial cargo ships and auxiliary vessels for the US Navy and Military Sealift Command; it is the only new-construction shipyard on the West Coast of the United States. NASSCO performs ship repairs and conversions for the United States Navy in all four shipyard locations: San Diego, Norfolk, Bremerton, and Mayport.
Bempedoic acid
Bempedoic acid, sold under the brand name Nexletol among others, is a medication for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol levels).

The most common side effects include hyperuricemia (high blood levels of uric acid), pain in arms or legs, and anemia (low red blood cell counts).

Bempedoic acid blocks an enzyme in the liver called adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase, which is involved in making cholesterol.

Bempedoic acid was approved for use in the United States in February 2020, and for use in the European Union in April 2020. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration  considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

First-in-class medication
A first-in-class medication is a prototype drug that uses a "new and unique mechanism of action" to treat a particular medical condition. While the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research tracks first-in-class medications and reports on them annually, first-in-class is not considered a regulatory category. Although many first-in-class medications qualify as breakthrough therapies, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies and/or orphan drugs, first-in-class status itself has no regulatory effect.
Slam Dunk Ernest
Slam Dunk Ernest is a 1995 American sports comedy film. It is the eighth film to feature the character Ernest P. Worrell, and the seventh in the Ernest series, after Ernest Goes to School (1994).  It was directed and written by John Cherry and stars Jim Varney. In the film, Ernest joins his employer's basketball team and later becomes a star with the help of an angel.

It was released on direct-to-video on June 20, 1995. The next film in the series, Ernest Goes to Africa was released in July 1997.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Holly Farrar
Holly Farrar was an American football player and coach. He served as a player-coach for Otterbein University in Westerville, Ohio in 1894. He served as the head football coach at Ohio Wesleyan University, along with Oscar Scott, the following year in 1895.

Ohio Wesleyan University
Ohio Wesleyan University (abbreviated OWU) is a private liberal arts college in Delaware, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and central Ohio residents, OWU is a member of the Ohio Five – a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges. Its 200-acre (81 ha) campus is 27 miles (44 km) north of Columbus, Ohio and includes the main academic and residential campus, Perkins Observatory, and the Kraus Wilderness Preserve.
Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party
Tamil Nadu Toilers Party was created by members of the populous Vanniyar community of Tamil Nadu, India, during the 1950s. In 1951, Vanniyars convened a conference of the Vanniyar Kula Kshatriya Sanga which intended to organise Vanniyars on a statewide basis. It failed due to traditional local loyalties. S. S. Ramasami Padayachi, chairman of the Cuddalore Municipal school and member of the South Arcot district board, led the Vanniyars of South Arcot and Salem in forming the Tamil Nadu Toilers Party (TTP) while M. A. Manickavelu Naicker, a lawyer, led those from North Arcot and Chengalpattu in the creation of the Commonweal Party.

N. D. Govindaswamy Kachirayar, A. Jayaraman, V. Muniswami and V. Boorarangaswami Padayachi of TTP won four seats in the 1952 Indian general election.

Commonweal Party
Commonweal Party was an Indian political party in Tamil Nadu that existed from 1951 to 1954. It was started by M. A. Manickavelu Naicker and claimed to represent the interests of the Vanniyar caste. It merged with Indian National Congress in 1954. The party won three seats in the 1952 Lok Sabha election and six seats in the Madras State legislative assembly elections.
Sebokeng
Sebokeng (/ˌsəboʊˈkɛŋ/) locally called Zweni by residents, is a middle-class township in the Emfuleni Local Municipality in southern Gauteng, South Africa near the industrial cities of Vanderbijlpark and Vereeniging. Other neighboring townships include Evaton to the north and Sharpeville to the south.

Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refer to an under-developed, racially segregated urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, which were reserved for non-whites, namely Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians. Townships were usually built on the periphery of towns and cities. The term township also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations.

Townships for non-whites were also called locations or lokasies in Afrikaans and are often still referred to as such in the smaller towns. The slang term "kasie / kasi", a popular short version of "lokasie" is also used. Townships sometimes have large informal settlements nearby.
Umpolung
In organic chemistry, umpolung (German: [ˈʔʊmˌpoːlʊŋ]) or polarity inversion is the chemical modification of a functional group with the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group. This modification allows secondary reactions of this functional group that would otherwise not be possible.  The concept was introduced by D. Seebach (hence the German word umpolung for reversed polarity) and E.J. Corey. Polarity analysis during retrosynthetic analysis tells a chemist when umpolung tactics are required to synthesize a target molecule.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
The Stork Said Yes
The Stork Said Yes (La cigüeña dijo ¡Sí!) is a 1955 Argentine comedy film directed by Enrique Carreras, from a script by Alejandro Casona based on a Carlos Llopis play. It stars Lola Membrives, Tomás Blanco, Esteban Serrador and Susana Campos and premiered on April 22, 1955. It was the last of Lola Membrives' few incursions into cinema. In 1971, Carreras remade the film based on the same play as La familia hippie, starring Palito Ortega.

Palito Ortega
Ramón Bautista Ortega (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈmom bawˈtista oɾˈteɣa]; born February 28, 1941) is an Argentine singer and actor, better known as Palito Ortega (pronounced [paˈlito oɾˈteɣa]). Ortega is an icon of Argentine popular music, and is considered one of the main representatives of the musical style called New wave that marked the Hispanic-American music between the years '60 and '70. He reached international fame, particularly in Latin America and Spain, during the 1960s, when the rock en español style of rock and roll music was popularized among teenagers in the region.
Doab
Doab (English: /ˈdoʊɑːb/) is a term used in South Asia for the tract of land lying between two confluent rivers.  It is similar to an interfluve.  In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor refers to its Persian origin in defining it as do-āb (دوآب, literally "two [bodies of] water") "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers."

Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag in India-administered Jammu and Kashmir, flows into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, and then flows through the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
1490 Limpopo
1490 Limpopo, provisional designation 1936 LB, is a carbonaceous–metallic asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 June 1936, by English-born South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa. It was named for the Limpopo River.

Union Observatory
Union Observatory, also known as Transvaal Observatory, Republic Observatory and Johannesburg Observatory (078), is a defunct astronomical observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa that operated from 1903 to 1971. It is located on Observatory Ridge, the city's highest point at 1,808 metres altitude in the suburb Observatory.

The observatory and its former annex, the § Leiden Southern Station, are known for the discovery of 6,000 double stars and for Proxima Centauri, made by astronomer Robert Innes. At the observatory, 578 identifications of minor planet were made, a record number at the time. The Minor Planet Center credits the observatory as the site where 147 minor planets were discovered by astronomers Harry Wood, Cyril Jackson, Hendrik van Gent, Ernest Johnson, Ejnar Hertzsprung, Jacobus Bruwer and Joseph Churms (see § List of discovered minor planets).
Prodigy Education
Prodigy Education, Inc., formerly Prodigy Game, is a Canadian educational technology company focused on game-based learning. Its co-CEOs and founders are Alex Peters and Rohan Mahimker. It is the developer of the 2011 and 2022 Prodigy Math, a roleplaying game where players solve math (and later science) problems to participate in battles and cast spells, and Prodigy English, a sandbox game where players answer English questions to earn currency to gain items. Although each game is standalone, both are accessible through a single Prodigy account. The games are widely used in schools, though they have attracted criticism due to excessive in-game advertising for membership and their freemium aspects.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Bileh Savar
Bileh Savar (Persian: بيله سوار) is a city in the Central District of Bileh Savar County, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

The city is the site of a border crossing with Republic of Azerbaijan. Bileh Savar was built by a dignitary of the Buyid dynasty who was called Pile-Savar ("The Great Rider"). Road 33 connects the city to Ardabil, capital of the province.

The similarly named Azerbaijani city of Biləsuvar is located directly across the border.

Ardabil province
Ardabil province (Persian: استان اردبیل) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ardabil. The province is in the northwest of the country, in Region 3, bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Gilan. Spanning an area of 18,011 km2, and established in 1993, Ardabil was carved out of the eastern part of East Azerbaijan province.
.308 Marlin Express
The .308 Marlin Express is a cartridge developed in 2007 by Marlin Firearms and Hornady.  It is based on the .307 Winchester with a goal to duplicate .308 Winchester performance. The cartridge uses a slightly shorter, semi-rimmed case similar to that of the .220 Swift to function in lever-action rifles.  As introduced in Hornady's LEVERevolution line of cartridges, it is the highest velocity production cartridge designed for lever action rifles with tubular magazines. It is chambered in Marlin's Model 308MX and 308MXLR rifles using the Marlin Model 336 action.

Marlin Model 336
The Marlin Model 336 is a lever-action rifle and carbine made by Marlin Firearms.  Since its introduction in 1948, it has been offered in a number of different calibers and barrel lengths, but is commonly chambered in .30-30 Winchester or .35 Remington, using a 20- or 24-inch barrel.  Currently, several models with a 16-, 19- and 20-inch barrels are available in .30-30 Winchester. The Model 336 is now back in production as of March 27, 2023.
Death and funeral of Hassan II of Morocco
Hassan II, King of Morocco since 1961, died on 23 July 1999 in the capital of Rabat, at the age of 70. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Crown Prince Sidi Mohammed, who acceded to the throne as King Mohammed VI. Hassan's remains were interred at the Mausoleum of Mohammed V in Rabat on 25 July, following an Islamic funeral ceremony.

The Moroccan government officially declared a period of mourning following Hassan's death. Condolences were offered by the new king and officials from multiple countries, as well as the United Nations.

Ezer Weizman
Ezer Weizman (Hebrew: עֵזֶר וַיְצְמָן, romanized: Ezer Vaytsman, pronounced [ˈezeʁ ˈvaitsman] ⓘ; 15 June 1924 – 24 April 2005) was an Israeli major  general and politician who served as the president of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.
Valentina Massi
Valentina Massi (born 23 April 1983 in Forlimpopoli, Emilia-Romagna, Italy) is an Italian model and beauty pageant titleholder who the winner of the Miss Universo Italia 2007 pageant that was held at the Teatro Giacosa in Ivrea, Piedmont on 21 April 2007. She represented Italy at the Miss Universe 2007 pageant in Mexico City on 28 May.

In 2000 she entered the Miss Italia pageant where she was a finalist. In 2006 she entered the Miss Mondo Italia pageant (which selects the Italian delegate who will compete at Miss World) as Miss Mondo Romagna. She was a finalist there as well and won the Miss Model national sash.

Valentina stands 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) and she's a Taurus. She speaks English and French.

Forlimpopoli
Forlimpopoli (Italian pronunciation: [forlimˈpɔːpoli]; Romagnol: Frampùl) is a town and comune in the province of Forlì-Cesena, north-eastern Italy. It is located on the Via Emilia between Cesena and Forlì.
Odyn v kanoe
Odyn v kanoe (Ukrainian: Один в каное, lit. 'Alone in a Canoe') is a Ukrainian indie music band founded in 2010 in Lviv. The band consists of vocalist Iryna Shvaidak, guitarist Ustym Pokhmurskyi, and percussionist Ihor Dziykovskyi. The band's discography includes two self-titled albums, released in 2016 and 2021. The debut album was released in 2016. And two singles — "Ikony (Shistdesyatnykam)" (Ukrainian: Ікони (Шістдесятникам), lit. '"Icons (To the Sixtiers)"') and "U mene nemaye domu" (Ukrainian: У мене немає дому, lit. '"I have no home"'), for which the band's debut music video was filmed.

The main feature of "Odyn v kanoe" is how they mix different musical styles, creating their own unique style. In their compositions, you can feel notes of folk, electronics, and even ethno, which makes each track a real musical journey.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.
The Jazz Man
The Jazz Man is a children's book written by Mary Hays Weik and illustrated by her daughter Ann Grifalconi. The book was published by Atheneum Books in 1966 and received a Newbery Honor in 1967. A second edition was published in 1993 by Aladdin Books.The Jazz Man has also been published in Germany and South Africa.

Atheneum Books
Atheneum Books is a New York City publishing house established in 1959 by Alfred A. Knopf Jr., Simon Michael Bessie and Hiram Haydn. Simon & Schuster has owned Atheneum properties since 1994, and it created Atheneum Books for Young Readers as an imprint for children's literature in the 2000s.