hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's floor
These are the results of the women's floor competition, one of six events for female competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.  The qualification and final rounds took place on August 27, 28 and 31st at the Sports Hall.

Floor (gymnastics)
In gymnastics, the floor is a specially prepared exercise surface, considered an apparatus. The floor exercise (English abbreviation FX) is the event performed on the floor, in both women's and men's artistic gymnastics (WAG and MAG). The same floor is used for WAG FX and MAG FX, but rules and scoring differ; most obviously, a WAG FX routine is synchronised to a piece of recorded dance music, whereas MAG FX has no musical accompaniment.

A spring floor is used in all gymnastics to provide more bounce and help prevent potential injuries to gymnasts' lower extremity joints due to the nature of the apparatus, which includes the repeated pounding required to train it. Cheerleading also uses spring floors for practice. The sprung floor used for indoor athletics is designed to reduce bounce.
Naiyou subing
A nǎiyóu sū bǐng (Chinese: 奶油酥餅; pinyin: nǎiyóu sūbǐng; lit. 'shortbread') is a buttery flaky pastry made into a thin circle. It is a speciality food in the Dajia District of Taichung, Taiwan. The dough has many layers, of which each is very thin and crisp. The filling is composed of butter and maltose. A typical nǎiyóu sū bǐng has a diameter of approximately 20 centimetres (7.9 in) and a thickness of about 1 centimetre (0.39 in). There is also a smaller variety with a diameter of approximately 10 centimetres (3.9 in).

Maltose
Maltose (/ˈmɔːltoʊs/ or /ˈmɔːltoʊz/), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. An example of this reaction is found in germinating seeds, which is why it was named after malt. Unlike sucrose, it is a reducing sugar.
Distigmine
Distigmine (as distigmine bromide) is a parasympathomimetic. Distigmine is similar to pyridostigmine and neostigmine but has a longer duration of action. It is available as tablets on prescription only. It is commonly used to treat various conditions, including myasthenia gravis and underactive bladder. Distigmine has a greater risk of causing cholinergic crisis because of accumulation of the drug being more likely than with neostigmine or pyridostigmine and so distigmine is rarely used as a treatment for myasthenia gravis, unlike pyridostigmine and neostigmine.

Cholinergic crisis
A cholinergic crisis is an over-stimulation at a neuromuscular junction due to an excess of acetylcholine, as a result of the inactivity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which normally breaks down acetylcholine.
Kenji Sahara
Kenji Sahara (佐原 健二, Sahara Kenji; born 14 May 1932) is a Japanese actor. He was born in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa as Masayoshi Kato (加藤 正好, Katō Masayoshi). Initially, Sahara used the professional name Tadashi Ishihara before changing it when he secured the lead role in Rodan (1956).

Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Kawasaki, officially Kawasaki City, is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, one of the main cities of the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area. It is the second most populated city in Kanagawa Prefecture after Yokohama, and the eighth most populated city in Japan (including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area).

As of October 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 1,503,690, with 716,470 households, and a population density of 10,000 persons per km2. Kawasaki is the only city in Japan with more than one million inhabitants that is not a prefectural capital. The total area is 142.70 km2 (55.10 sq mi).
Shevington High School
Shevington High School is a coeducational secondary school located in Shevington in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England.

It is a community school administered by Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council, and offers GCSEs. Graduating students often go on to attend St John Rigby College, Runshaw College, Wigan and Leigh College, Southport College or Winstanley College.

It was founded as a County Secondary School in 1959, as part of Lancashire County Council's Education Expansion Programme, on its site near Stockley Wood where it still is based today. During the 1970s, it became a comprehensive school under the control of Wigan Council after the 1974 local government reorganisation.

Southport College
Southport College (previously known as Southport Technical College) is a further education college located in Southport, Merseyside, England. Southport College merged with King George V College in January 2018. The combined colleges maintain their separate identities and offer A-level and Vocational education.
Ruthilde Boesch
Ruthilde Boesch, born Ruthilde Klösterer, married also Ruthilde Loibner (9 January 1918 – 20 January 2012) was an Austrian soprano in opera, operetta, song and concert, and a vocal pedagogue. She was a member of the Vienna State Opera for decades, and later an influential voice teacher.

Kammersänger
Kammersänger (male; German: [ˈkamɐˌzɛŋɐ] ⓘ) or Kammersängerin (female; German: [ˈkamɐˌzɛŋəʁɪn] ⓘ), abbreviated Ks. or KS, is a German honorific title for distinguished singers of opera and classical music. It literally means "chamber singer". Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled Hofkammersänger(in), where Hof refers to the royal court.

The title is given in Germany and in Austria usually on the recommendation of relevant national and local institutions. In East Germany, some concert halls bestowed this designation.

Similar titles are Kammerschauspieler, Staatsschauspieler, Kammermusiker, Kammervirtuose, Kammertänzer and Kammerkomponist/Kammerkompositeur.
Alim Baisultanov
Alim Yusufovich Baisultanov (Russian: Алим Юсуфович Байсултанов; 15 May 1919 – 28 September 1943) was a Balkar flying ace in the Soviet Air Forces and Hero of the Soviet Union. Less than a year after he was killed in action, his entire family was deported to Central Asia because of their Balkar ethnicity.

Deportation of the Balkars
The Soviet government forcibly transferred the entire Balkar population of the North Caucasus to Central Asia on March 8, 1944, during World War II. The expulsion was ordered by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria after approval by General Secretary Joseph Stalin. All the 37,713 Balkars of the Caucasus were deported from their homeland in one day. The crime was a part of a Soviet forced settlement program and population transfer that affected several million members of non-Russian Soviet ethnic minorities between the 1930s and the 1950s. Officially the deportation was a response to the Balkars' supposed collaboration with occupying German forces. Later, in 1989, the Soviet government declared the deportation illegal.
Open-loop controller
In control theory, an open-loop controller, also called a non-feedback controller, is a control loop part of a control system in which the control action ("input" to the system) is independent of the "process output", which is the process variable that is being controlled. It does not use feedback to determine if its output has achieved the desired goal of the input command or process setpoint.

There are many open-loop controls, such as on/off switching of valves, machinery, lights, motors or heaters, where the control result is known to be approximately sufficient under normal conditions without the need for feedback. The advantage of using open-loop control in these cases is the reduction in component count and complexity. However, an open-loop system cannot correct any errors that it makes or correct for outside disturbances unlike a closed-loop control system.

Process variable
In control theory, a process variable (PV; also process value or process parameter) is the current measured value of a particular part of a process which is being monitored or controlled. An example of this would be the temperature of a furnace. The current temperature is the process variable, while the desired temperature is known as the set-point (SP).
Nainawaz
Fazel Ahmad Zekrya (Pashto/Dari: فضل احمد ذکریا; 1935–1979), known professionally as Nainawaz (Pashto/Dari: نينواز) (or Ustad Nainawaz) was a renowned Afghan artist, poet and composer. He has composed some of the most iconic pieces in Afghan popular music.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Thomas Gunn
Thomas William Gunn (10 July 1843 – 4 May 1908) was an English cricketer. He played six first-class matches for Surrey County Cricket Club, three in each of the 1863 and 1869 seasons.

Born at Croydon in 1843, Gunn was a member of the Surrey ground staff at The Oval. Although Wisden considered that he was a "very useful" club cricketer, he played in only six matches for the county side, scoring 52 runs; the Almanack's judgement was that he "did practically nothing for the County".

Arthur Haygarth was more positive about Gunn's abilities, writing in Scores and Biographies that he "possesses an excellent style, hitting well to all parts, especially forward and to leg". Haygarth noted that he had been influenced by Tom Lockyer, a fellow Croydon man who played for Surrey between 1849 and 1866, and that Gunn bowled "rather slow round-armed".

Gunn died at Croydon in 1908. He was 64.

Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, or simply Wisden, colloquially the Bible of Cricket, is a cricket reference book published annually in the United Kingdom. The description "Bible of cricket" (or variations thereof) has been applied to Wisden since the early 1900s.

Between 1998 and 2005, an Australian edition of Wisden was published. An Indian version, edited by Suresh Menon, was produced annually from 2013 to 2018, but discontinued following the publication of a combined 2019 and 2020 issue.
Georgios Frangoudes
Georgios Frangoudes (Greek: Γεώργιος Φραγκούδης) (Limassol, 1869 – Athens, 7 August 1939) was a Cypriot lawyer, social scientist, journalist, newspaper publisher, writer, historian, politician and one of the co-founders and first director of Panteion University.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Ethnikó kai Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón), simply referred to as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece, with various campuses along the Athens agglomeration.

It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean. Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students.
Vibulanus
Vibulanus is a Roman cognomen. Notable people with the cognomen include:

Caeso Fabius Vibulanus, Roman consul

Marcus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 483 BC), Roman consul

Marcus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 442 BC), Roman consul

Numerius Fabius Vibulanus, Roman senator

Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 485 BC), Roman consul

Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 467 BC), Roman consul

Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 423 BC), Roman consul

Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 423 BC)
Quintus Fabius Vibulanus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 423 BC and a consular tribune in 416 and 414 BC.

Fabius belonged to the patrician Fabia gens and the branch known as the Fabii Vibulani, one of the republics oldest and most successful consular families. Fabius it seems was the son of Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, the consul of 467 BC, who had been forced into exile after the fall of the Decemvirate in 449 BC. If this is the case then filiations indicate that Marcus Fabius Vibulanus, consul in 442 BC and Numerius Fabius Vibulanus, consul in 421 BC were his brothers. Marcus Fabius Ambustus, the pontifex maximus mentioned in 390 BC, could possibly be a son of Fabius.
Zymomonas mobilis
Zymomonas mobilis is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, polarly-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium.  It is the only species found in the genus Zymomonas. It has notable bioethanol-producing capabilities, which surpass yeast in some aspects. It was originally isolated from alcoholic beverages like the African palm wine, the Mexican pulque, and also as a contaminant of cider and beer (cider sickness and beer spoilage) in European countries.

Fructose
Fructose (/ˈfrʌktoʊs, -oʊz/), or fruit sugar, is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar. It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose.
Fructose is found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers, berries, and most root vegetables.
Adam Pearson (actor)
Adam Pearson (born 6 January 1985) is a British actor, television presenter and campaigner. He made his acting debut in the 2013 film Under the Skin. He has neurofibromatosis and has been involved in outreach programmes to prevent bullying associated with visible differences.

In 2024, Pearson starred in the film A Different Man. For his performance, he received wide critical acclaim, and was nominated for several awards, including the Independent Spirit Award.

Visible difference
A visible difference refers to a physical characteristic, such as a scar, mark, disfigurement, or condition on the face or body that distinguishes an individual from what is conventionally considered to be the societal norm. These visible differences can arise due to a multitude of factors including but not limited to congenital conditions, accidents, diseases, or surgical procedures. Such differences often carry significant psychological, social, and sometimes physical implications for the affected individual.
Jach'a Pukara
Jach'a Pukara (Aymara jach'a big, pukara fortress, "big fortress", Hispanicized spelling Jachcha Pucara) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,300 metres (14,108 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Jach'a Pukara lies between Lake Titicaca in the west and the Janq'u Uma-Illampu massif of the Cordillera Real in the east.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Double bell euphonium
The double bell euphonium is a duplex instrument based on the euphonium. The larger bell produces the mellow tone of a standard euphonium; the second smaller bell has a brighter tone, similar to a baritone horn or valve trombone.  The instrument is sometimes dismissed as a novelty, but has had some enthusiastic adherents, including few professional musicians using it as their sole or primary instrument.  The smaller bell can give more appropriate tone in the higher range of the instrument.  The two bells can also be used for special effects, such as echoes, and using the distinctly different tone of the two bells for a single musician to give the effect of call and response.

Valve trombone
The valve trombone is a brass instrument in the trombone family that has a set of valves to vary the pitch instead of (or in addition to) a slide. Although it has been built in sizes from alto to contrabass, it is the tenor valve trombone pitched in B♭ an octave lower than the trumpet which has seen the most widespread use. The most common models have three piston valves. They are found in jazz and popular music, as well as marching bands in Europe, where they are often built with rotary valves and were widely used in orchestras in the 19th century.
Songs About You (song)
"Songs About You" is a song originally recorded by American country music artist Mindy McCready for her fifth and final studio album I'm Still Here and later recorded by Canadian country music artist Kira Isabella for her debut studio album, Love Me Like That (2012). Written by Blair Daly, Hillary Lindsey, and Troy Verges, it is the only song on the album which Isabella did not co-write. It was sent to Canadian country radio November 14, 2012 through Sony Music Canada as the album's fourth single.

I'm Still Here (album)
I'm Still Here is the fifth and final studio album by American country music artist Mindy McCready. It was released on March 23, 2010 by Linus Entertainment. The album includes the single "I'm Still Here," as well as re-recordings of her 1996 singles "Guys Do It All the Time" and "Ten Thousand Angels." Mindy performed on Fox & Friends to promote the album in April 2010. This is McCready's final release before her suicide in 2013.
Girolamo Priuli (17th century)
Girolamo (or Gerolamo) Priuli was a Venetian patrician and genealogist. In 1616, he compiled a complete genealogy of the Priuli, the Arbore della nobilissima Famiglia Priuli. It is known from two manuscripts. In 1619, he began writing the Pretiosi Frutti del Maggior Consiglio. He may have still been working on it into the early 1630s. It is preserved in the manuscript Museo Correr, Codici Cicogna MSS 3781-3 (formerly 2889-91). This manuscript is composed of three originally separate volumes assembled for Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna.

Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna
Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna (17 January 1789, Venice - 22 February 1868) was an Italian writer, scholar, and book collector. He left his huge collection of books to the city of Venice and it now forms part of the Museo Correr.

He was the son of Giovanni Antonio Cicogna and Elisabetta Bertolucci and came from a Candian family that had obtained Venetian citizenship. His book collection included editions of historical manuscripts, particularly on inscriptions in Venice and its lagoon. He published well over 100 historical, art-historical, and biographical essays, transcriptions, bibliographies, and short stories. His most notable work is the six-volume Delle iscrizioni veneziane, published between 1824 and 1853 - Carlo Dionisotti commented that "There is still no scholar of the Italian Renaissance who can do without the amazing 'iscrizioni veneziane' by Emanuele Cicogna [...]".
Canton of Jarny
The canton of Jarny is an administrative division of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, northeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Jarny.

It consists of the following communes:

Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meurthe-et-Moselle (French pronunciation: [mœʁt e mɔzɛl] ⓘ, lit. 'Meurthe and Moselle') is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the rivers Meurthe and Moselle. Its prefecture and largest city is Nancy and it borders the departments of Meuse to the west, Vosges to the south, Moselle and Bas-Rhin and it borders the Belgian province of Luxembourg and the country of Luxembourg by the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette to the north. It had a population of 733,760 in 2019.
International Federation of Workers' Education Associations
The International Federation of Workers' Education Associations (IFWEA) is an international organisation of associations, foundations, non-governmental organisations and trade unions involved in adult education for working people. It is based in Cape Town, South Africa, is an observer at the International Labour Organisation and UNESCO and is a member of  SOLIDAR.

Solidar
SOLIDAR is a European network of NGOs working to advance social justice in Europe and worldwide. SOLIDAR voices the concerns of its member organisations to the EU and international institutions across the policy sectors of social affairs, international cooperation, and lifelong learning.

SOLIDAR has 60 member organisations based in 27 countries (22 of which are EU countries), and is active in 90 countries worldwide. Member organisations are national NGOs in Europe, as well as some non-EU and EU-wide organisations, working in one or more relevant fields. The network is brought together by its shared values of solidarity, social equality, and participation.

SOLIDAR works in cooperation with its members, trade unions, political institutions, and civil society actors. SOLIDAR aims to influence policy at the EU and international levels, and link members together to learn from each other and help them carry out projects. The organisation is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance.
Palazzo Muti
The Palazzo Muti (officially the Palazzo Muti e Santuario della Madonna dell'Archetto) is a large townhouse in the Piazza dei Santi Apostoli, Rome, Italy, built in 1644. Together with the neighboring Palazzo Muti Papazzurri, it originally formed part of a complex of adjoining palazzi and other houses owned by the Muti Papazzurri family. During the 18th century this entire range of buildings was, by courtesy of the pope, the residence of the House of Stuart government in exile in Rome. They were recognised by the Catholic Church and the Jacobite movement as the rightful kings of Great Britain and Ireland. The Palazzo Muti should not be confused with the Palazzo Muti Papazzurri in the Piazzo della Pilotta which was designed by Mattia de' Rossi in 1660.

Santi Apostoli, Rome
Santi Dodici Apostoli (Church of the Twelve Holy Apostles; Latin: SS. Duodecim Apostolorum), commonly known as Santi Apostoli, is a 6th-century Catholic parish and titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, the mother church of the Conventual Franciscan Order whose General Curia (world headquarters) is in the adjacent building. Dedicated originally to St. James and St. Philip, whose relics are kept here, and later to all Apostles, it is the Station church for Friday, the first week of Lent.

The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus XII Apostolorum is Angelo Scola. Among the previous Cardinal Priests are Pope Clement XIV, whose tomb by Canova is in the basilica, and Henry Benedict Stuart.
Albertine Brothers
The Albertine Brothers are a Catholic congregation of Religious Brothers of the Third Order Regular of St. Francis, called the Servants of the Poor. They were founded in 1888 by Albert Chmielowski in Kraków, Poland.

Religious brother
A religious brother (abbreviated Br. or Bro. as a title) is a lay male member of a religious institute or religious order who commits himself to following Christ in consecrated life, usually by the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Equivalent to a religious sister, a religious brother typically lives in a religious community and works in a ministry appropriate to his capabilities.

A brother might practice any secular occupation. Some religious institutes are composed only of brothers; others are made up of brothers and clerics (priests or ministers, and seminarians).

In some Christian groups, members refer to each other as "brother" or "sister". For example, Shakers use the title for all adult male members.