hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bird–Meertens formalism
The Bird–Meertens formalism (BMF) is a calculus for deriving programs from program specifications (in a functional programming setting) by a process of equational reasoning. It was devised by Richard Bird and Lambert Meertens as part of their work within IFIP Working Group 2.1.

It is sometimes referred to in publications as BMF, as a nod to Backus–Naur form. Facetiously it is also referred to as Squiggol, as a nod to ALGOL, which was also in the remit of WG 2.1, and because of the "squiggly" symbols it uses. A less-used variant name, but actually the first one suggested, is SQUIGOL.
Martin and Nipkow provided automated support for Squiggol development proofs, using the Larch Prover.

Substring
In formal language theory and computer science, a substring is a contiguous sequence of characters within a string. For instance, "the best of" is a substring of "It was the best of times". In contrast, "Itwastimes" is a subsequence of "It was the best of times", but not a substring.

Prefixes and suffixes are special cases of substrings. A prefix of a string  is a substring of  that occurs at the beginning of ; likewise, a suffix of a string  is a substring that occurs at the end of .

The substrings of the string "apple" would be:
"a", "ap", "app", "appl", "apple",
"p", "pp", "ppl", "pple",
"pl", "ple",
"l", "le"
"e", "" 
(note the empty string at the end).
Kulanch
Kulanch is a sub-tehsil of Pasni, Gwadar District, Balochistan in Pakistan. People living there are known as Kulanchi. After the Med people, they are known as primitive population of Gwadar. Kulanch is a large cultivable area beginning 50 km east of Gwadar city and ending near Pasni.

Notable towns here are Belar, Nalient, Kallag, and Kappar. The major tribes living here are the Puzzh (Rind), Band, Sangur (Jadgal), Wadela (Mengal), Jadgal, Mullai, Maldar (Bizenjo), and Rekani.

Bizenjo
Bizenjo (Brahui: بزنجو) is an ethnic Brahui tribe inhabiting Balochistan province in Pakistan. The tribe belongs to the Jhalawani branch of the Brahui tribes. According to the official list by Mir Ahmad Yar, the last Khan of Kalat, Bizenjo was originally one of the Jatt tribes inhabiting the region; the others being Zehri and Mengal. Though the Bizenjo in eastern Makran are Brahui by origin, they have been Baluchified in language and customs due to a prolonged residence in Makran.
Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol
The men's ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics programme. It was the seventh appearance of the event. The competition was held on 6 August 1936 at the shooting ranges at Wannsee. 53 shooters from 22 nations competed. Nations were limited to three shooters each, as they had been since the 1932 Games. The top two places were taken by the hosts, as Germans Cornelius van Oyen and Heinrich Hax won gold and silver, respectively. Hax was the first man to earn multiple medals in the event, repeating his silver performance from 1932. Torsten Ullman of Sweden earned bronze.

Wannsee
Wannsee (German pronunciation: [ˈvanˌzeː] ⓘ) is a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger Großer Wannsee (Greater Wannsee) and the Kleiner Wannsee (Little Wannsee), located on the Havel and separated by the Wannsee Bridge. The larger of the two lakes covers an area of 2.7 km2 (1.0 mi2) and has a maximum depth of 9 m (30 ft).
Manpur, Dang
Manpur, Sahipur is a town and Village Development Committee  in Dang Deokhuri District in Lumbini Province of south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 9,960 persons residing in 1449 individual households.

Lumbini Province
Lumbini Province (Nepali: लुम्बिनी प्रदेश, romanized: Lumbinī pradēśa, IPA: [lumbiniː]) is a province in western Nepal. The country's third largest province in terms of area as well as population, Lumbini is home to the World Heritage Site of Lumbini, where according to Buddhist tradition Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born.

Lumbini borders Gandaki Province and Karnali Province to the north, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Uttar Pradesh and Bihar of India to the south. Lumbini's capital, Deukhuri, is near the geographic center of the province. The major cities in the province are Butwal and Siddharthanagar in Rupandehi district, Nepalgunj in Banke district, Tansen in Palpa district, and Ghorahi and Tulsipur in Dang district.
Nilüfer, Bursa
Nilüfer (Turkish: [nilyˈfæɾ]) is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 552 km2, and its population is 536,365 (2022). Established in 1987, it is one of the seventeen districts of Bursa Province. It is established as the main residential development area of Bursa in order to meet the housing needs as well as industrial and commercial structures.

Bursa Province
Bursa Province (Turkish: Bursa ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, Kocaeli to the northeast and Yalova to the north. Its area is 10,813 km2, and its population is 3,194,720 (2022). Its traffic code is 16.

Almost all of Bursa Province (including the city of Bursa) is in the Marmara region, but the districts of Büyükorhan, Harmancık, Keles and Orhaneli are in the Aegean Region.

The city of Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman State between 1326 and 1365, until the Ottoman conquest of Edirne, then known as Adrianople. Adrianople was the capital until 1453, when Constantinople became the final Ottoman capital.
Sail Away (Randy Newman song)
"Sail Away" is a song by Randy Newman, the title track to his 1972 album. In a 1972 review in Rolling Stone, Stephen Holden describes "Sail Away" as presenting "the American dream of a promised land as it might have been presented to black Africa in slave running days."

Sail Away (Randy Newman album)
Sail Away is the third studio album by Randy Newman, released on May 23, 1972. It was produced by Lenny Waronker and Russ Titelman and issued on Reprise Records. While all of its songs were written and composed by Newman, several had already been recorded by other artists.
NLRP4
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP4 gene.

NALPs are cytoplasmic proteins that form a subfamily within the larger CATERPILLER protein family. Most short NALPs, such as NALP4, have an N-terminal pyrin (MEFV; MIM 608107) domain (PYD), followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region.

The long NALP, NALP1 (MIM 606636), also has a C-terminal extension containing a function to find domain (FIIND) and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). NALPs are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases (e.g., CASP1; MIM 147678) via their involvement in multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes (Tschopp et al., 2003).[supplied by OMIM]

CARD (domain)
Caspase recruitment domains, or caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), are interaction motifs found in a wide array of proteins, typically those involved in processes relating to inflammation and apoptosis.  These domains mediate the formation of larger protein complexes via direct interactions between individual CARDs.  CARDs are found on a strikingly wide range of proteins, including helicases, kinases, mitochondrial proteins, caspases, and other cytoplasmic factors.
Florence, Colorado
Florence is a statutory city located in Fremont County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 3,822 at the 2020 United States census. Florence is a part of the Cañon City, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.

The city lies along the Arkansas River in eastern Fremont County. It is near Federal Correctional Complex, Florence, a major U.S. federal prison complex that includes a supermax prison, ADX Florence.

Federal prison
A federal prison is operated under the jurisdiction of a federal government as opposed to a state or provincial body. Federal prisons are used for people who violated federal law (U.S., Mexico), people considered dangerous (Brazil), or those sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment (Canada). Not all federated countries have a legal concept of "federal prison".
Alberta Order of Excellence
The Alberta Order of Excellence is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Alberta. Instituted in 1979 when Lieutenant Governor Frank C. Lynch-Staunton granted royal assent to the Alberta Order of Excellence Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Alberta residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Canadian Crown in right of Alberta.

Monarchy in Alberta
By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, Canada's monarchy operates in Alberta as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. As such, the Crown within Alberta's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in Right of Alberta, His Majesty in Right of Alberta, or The King in Right of Alberta. The Constitution Act, 1867, however, leaves many royal duties in Alberta specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy.
Vogel Ski Resort
Vogel Ski Resort is a Slovenian ski resort located above Bohinj next to Lake Bohinj.  The nearest city is Bled. Ljubljana is about an hour away. The resort was opened in 1964. It has a total of 22 kilometres (14 mi) of ski slopes, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) tracks for cross country skiing and a snowboard park. The ski resort is located on the outskirts of Triglav National Park, therefore all snowmaking activities are forbidden on the area. The ski resort is named after nearby Mount Vogel.

Lake Bohinj
Lake Bohinj (Slovene: Bohinjsko jezero), covering 318 hectares (790 acres), is the largest permanent lake in Slovenia. It is located within the Bohinj Valley of the Julian Alps, in the northwestern Upper Carniola region, and part of Triglav National Park.
The Big Bang Theory season 8
The eighth season of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory aired on CBS from September 22, 2014 to May 7, 2015.

The series returned to its regular Thursday night time slot on October 30, 2014 after Thursday Night Football on CBS ended.

Mayim Bialik submitted the episode "The Prom Equivalency" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards. Christine Baranski submitted the episode "The Maternal Combustion" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.

Carol Ann Susi, the voice of the never-seen Mrs. Wolowitz, died of cancer at age 62 on November 11, 2014.  In the season's fifteenth episode, "The Comic Book Store Regeneration", Howard Wolowitz receives a phone call that his mother  died while visiting family in Florida.

67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
The 67th Annual Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony was held on September 12, 2015, at the Microsoft Theater in Downtown Los Angeles. The event was broadcast in the U.S. by FXX on September 19, 2015. The ceremony was in conjunction with the annual Primetime Emmy Awards and is presented in recognition of creative, technical, visual, and other similar achievements in American television programming, including voice-over and guest acting roles.

For the first time, online voting was used to determine the winners. Online voting was also used to determine the nominees, which were announced on July 16, 2015. Juried award winners for animation, costumes for a variety series, motion design, and interactive awards were announced on September 10, 2015.
Ballistic face mask
A ballistic face mask, also known as facial armor, is a type of personal armor designed to protect the wearer's face from ballistic threats. Ballistic face masks are usually made of Kevlar or other bullet resistant materials and the inside of the mask may be padded for shock absorption, depending on the design.

Due to weight restrictions, protection levels range only up to NIJ Level IIIA, which offers protection from calibers up to .44 Magnum.

.44 Magnum
The .44 Remington Magnum, also known as .44 Magnum or 10.9x33mmR (as it is known in unofficial metric designation), is a rimmed, large-bore cartridge originally designed for revolvers and quickly adopted for carbines and rifles. Despite the ".44" designation, guns chambered for the .44 Magnum round, its parent case, the .44 Special, and the .44 Special's parent case, the .44 Russian all use 0.429 in (10.9 mm) diameter bullets. The .44 Magnum is based on the .44 Special case but lengthened and loaded to higher pressures for greater velocity and energy.

Famously called "the most powerful handgun [cartridge] in the world" by the title character in Dirty Harry, the .44 Magnum has since been eclipsed in power by the .454 Casull, .500 S&W Magnum, and .500 Bushwhacker; nevertheless, due in part to its more manageable recoil, it has remained one of the most popular commercial large-bore magnum cartridges.
MAC/65
MAC/65 is a 6502 assembler written by Stephen D. Lawrow for Atari 8-bit computers. MAC/65 was first released on floppy disk by Optimized Systems Software in 1982, with the program requiring 16 KB RAM. A bank switched "SuperCartridge" from OSS followed in January 1984 for US$99, occupying only 8 KB.

MAC/65 is structured similarly to the Atari Assembler Editor cartridge, combining a line editor, assembler, and debugger into a single package. Its reputation was based on being much faster than either the Assembler Editor or the standalone Atari Macro Assembler. Brian Moriarty of Infocom wrote, "No assembler [at the time] on the C64 even comes CLOSE to MAC/65. Take it from someone who looked for one." It was used to write numerous commercial games and applications, and the majority of assembly language listings in ANALOG Computing were written with MAC/65.

According to Lawrow, MAC/65 was used to compile not only itself, but BASIC XL and BASIC XE.

Infocom
Infocom, Inc. was an American software company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that produced numerous works of interactive fiction. They also produced a business application, a relational database called Cornerstone.

Infocom was founded on June 22, 1979, by staff and students of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and lasted as an independent company until 1986, when it was bought by Activision. Activision shut down the Infocom division in 1989, although they released some titles in the 1990s under the Infocom Zork brand. Activision abandoned the Infocom trademark in 2002.
Linnane
Linnane is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony William Linnane (1930–2017), Australian biochemist

Brian F. Linnane (born 1955), the 24th President of Loyola College in Maryland

Noel Hill & Tony Linnane, Irish folk musicians

Steve Linnane, Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s

Sylvie Linnane (born 1956), Irish retired sportsman

Steve Linnane
Steve Linnane (born 5 March 1965) is an Australian former rugby league player who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s. After playing club football in the Winfield Cup for the St. George Dragons and the Newcastle Knights, he moved to England where he became coach of Super League clubs Halifax Blue Sox and Hull Kingston Rovers.
Centre-Avia
Centre-Avia Airlines (Авиакомпания "ЦЕНТР-АВИА") was an airline based in Moscow, Russia, operating domestic and international services. Its main base was Bykovo Airport, Moscow, from where it operated charter flights, plus, on working days, a scheduled flight from Moscow Domodedovo Airport to Nizhny Novgorod International Airport. In March 2007, the aircraft fleet of Centre-Avia consisted of four Yakovlev Yak-42.

Moscow Domodedovo Airport
Moscow Domodedovo Airport (Russian: Московский аэропорт Домодедово, IPA: [dəmɐˈdʲɛdəvə]) (IATA: DME, ICAO: UUDD), formally Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, is an international airport serving Moscow, the capital of Russia. It is located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southeast from the city centre of Moscow. Domodedovo Airport serves regular flights across Russia and Belarus, as well as to various destinations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. As of 2024 it is the 4th busiest airport in Russia and Post-Soviet states (after Sheremetyevo, Pulkovo and Vnukovo) as well as 44th busiest airport in Europe.

In 2019, following a naming contest and a presidential decree, the airport was renamed after Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.
Erzya language
The Erzya language (эрзянь кель, eŕźań keĺ, pronounced [ˈerʲzʲanʲ ˈkʲelʲ]), also Erzian or historically Arisa, is spoken by approximately 300,000 people in the northern, eastern and north-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia. A diaspora can also be found in Armenia and Estonia, as well as in Kazakhstan and other states of Central Asia. Erzya is currently written using Cyrillic with no modifications to the variant used by the Russian language. In Mordovia, Erzya is co-official with Moksha and Russian.

The language belongs to the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic languages. Erzya is a language that is closely related to Moksha but has distinct phonetics, morphology and vocabulary.

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
Embassy of the United Kingdom, Oslo
The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Oslo is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Norway. The embassy is located on one of the most expensive streets in Norway, Thomas Heftyes gate, in the Frogner district. The current British ambassador to Norway is Jan Thompson.

Jan Thompson (diplomat)
Jan Thompson CMG OBE (born 25 August 1965 in Bexleyheath) is a British diplomat, who since April 2023 has served as the British Ambassador to Norway. She served previously as British Ambassador to the Czech Republic from 2013 to 2017, and as British Deputy High Commissioner to India from 2018 to 2023.
Stephen Moyer
Stephen John Emery (born 11 October 1969), known professionally as Stephen Moyer, is an English actor and film director. He is best known for portraying the vampire Bill Compton in the HBO television series True Blood.

This was followed by the television film Lord of Misrule, filmed in Fowey, Cornwall, which also featured Richard Wilson, Emily Mortimer and Prunella Scales. In 1997, Moyer made his big-screen debut landing the lead role in the film adaptation of the long-running comic strip Prince Valiant by Hal Foster, working alongside Ron Perlman and Katherine Heigl. From 2017 to 2019, he starred as Reed Strucker, the lead role in Fox series The Gifted.

Richard Wilson (Scottish actor)
Richard Wilson (born Iain Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is a Scottish actor, broadcaster, and theatre director. He is most famous for playing Victor Meldrew in the BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave. Another notable role was as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot, in the BBC drama Merlin.
Weerwater (novel)
Weerwater is a dystopian novel written by Renate Dorrestein. She was invited by the municipality of Almere to become writer-in-residence and write about the city. This was part of the effort to strengthen the cultural image of Almere.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.
Content industry
The content industry is an umbrella term that encompasses companies owning and providing mass media and media metadata. This can include music, TV shows, movies, text publications of any kind, ownership of standards, geographic data, and metadata about all and any of the above.

In the Information Age, the content industry comprises an enormous market.

Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term. The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym.  The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym. For example, "pigeon", "crow", and "hen" are all hyponyms of "bird" and "animal"; "bird" and "animal" are both hypernyms of "pigeon", "crow", and "hen".
2015–16 Jordan FA Cup
The 2015–16 Jordan FA Cup was the 36th season of Jordan FA Cup since its establishment in 1980. It started on 4 September 2015 and ended on 6 May 2016. Al-Wehdat were the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the round of 16. The winner of the competition will earn a spot in the 2017 AFC Cup.

Al-Ahli won their first title after beating Shabab Al-Ordon.

2017 AFC Cup
The 2017 AFC Cup was the 14th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Defending champions Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya defeated Istiklol in the final to win their second AFC Cup title.
Greg Albritton
Greg Albritton (born March 18, 1952) is an American politician who has served in the Alabama Senate from the 22nd district since 2014. He previously served in the Alabama House of Representatives from the 64th district from 2002 to 2006.

Alabama Senate
32°22′36″N 86°17′56″W﻿ / ﻿32.37667°N 86.29889°W﻿ / 32.37667; -86.29889

The Alabama State Senate is the upper house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama. The body is composed of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, with each district containing at least 127,140 citizens. Similar to the lower house, the Alabama House of Representatives, the senate serves both without term limits and with a four-year term.

The Alabama State Senate meets at the State House in Montgomery.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the United States Senate, the senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Deschapelles
Deschapelles (French pronunciation: [deʃapɛl]; Haitian Creole: Dechpel) is a town in the Verrettes commune, in the Artibonite department of Haiti. It is located approximately 54 km north of the capital, Port-au-Prince, and has 4 to 5000 inhabitants Approximately. Deschapelles is where the Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Haiti is located.

Verrettes
Verrettes (French pronunciation: [vɛʁɛt]; Haitian Creole: Vèrèt) is a commune in the Saint-Marc Arrondissement, in the Artibonite department of Haiti. It is located approximately 58 km north of the capital, Port-au-Prince, and has 144,812 inhabitants (2015).

Settlements

DesJardins

Deschapelles

Borel

Désarmes

Bastien