hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS Cestrian
SS Cestrian was a British cargo liner that was launched in Ireland in 1895. Leyland Line owned and operated her throughout her career. For most of her career her regular route was across the North Atlantic between Liverpool and Boston, and she carried cattle from Boston to Liverpool. On a few occasions she served New York instead of Boston.

She carried troops and horses in the Second Boer War. In the 1910s she made a few voyages to the Gulf Coast of the United States. She carried donkeys, horses and troops in the First World War. A U-boat sank her in the Aegean in 1917.

Royal Horse Artillery
The Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) was formed in 1793 as a distinct arm of the Royal Regiment of Artillery (commonly termed Royal Artillery) to provide horse artillery support to the cavalry units of the British Army. Although the cavalry link remained part of its defining character, as early as the Battle of Waterloo the RHA was sometimes deployed more along the lines of conventional field artillery, fighting from comparatively fixed positions.

The Royal Horse Artillery, currently consists of three regiments, (1 RHA, 3 RHA and 7 RHA) and one ceremonial unit (King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery). Almost all the batteries of the Royal Horse Artillery have served continuously since the French Revolutionary Wars or Napoleonic Wars, except the King's Troop, created in 1946, and M Battery, which was 'reanimated' in 1993. Horses are still in service for ceremonial purposes but were phased out from operational deployment in the 1930s.
Dah, Ladakh
Dah (or Dha, Da; Tibetan: མདའ, Wylie: mda, THL: da) is a panchayat village in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is  the most prominent of all the Brokpa settlements, other than Dah, it has  six hamlets: Biama(or phunder), Baldes, Sannit, Pardos,  Lastyang and Dundur  It is located east of Batalik in Aryan Valley (Dah Hanu valley) of Indus river of Ladakh in the Khalsi tehsil.

THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription
The THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THL Phonetic Transcription for short) is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan language.

It was created by David Germano and Nicolas Tournadre and was published on 12 December 2003. It is essentially a simplified form of the Tournadre Phonetic System, which is used by Tournadre in his Tibetan-language textbooks.

THL (formerly THDL) stands for the "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" project, which is hosted at the University of Virginia.
Deaths in December 2010
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2010.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Denis Dutton
Dr Denis Laurence Dutton (9 February 1944 – 28 December 2010) was an American philosopher of art, web entrepreneur, and media activist. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. He was also a co-founder and co-editor of the websites Arts & Letters Daily, ClimateDebateDaily.com, and cybereditions.com.
Michael Underwood
Michael Paul Underwood (born 26 October 1975) is an English television presenter, best known as a children's TV presenter on CBBC and CITV. He can be seen as a fifteen-year-old in an episode of The Crystal Maze, then presented by Richard O'Brien. He presented the primetime ITV series Let Me Entertain You in 2014 and was a reporter for Real Stories with Ranvir Singh.

Surprise Surprise (British TV series)
Surprise Surprise is a British light entertainment television programme that aired in two iterations on ITV. The series originally ran from 6 May 1984 to 26 December 2001 and was hosted by Cilla Black, while a revival of the show aired from 21 October 2012 to 26 July 2015 with Holly Willoughby as host.
Curculionichthys oliveirai
Curculionichthys oliveirai is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater species native to South America, where it occurs in tributaries of the Ivaí River in Brazil. The species reaches 3 cm (1.2 inches) SL and was named for Claudio Oliveira, a professor from São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, after his contributions to the studies of Neotropical freshwater fishes.

Ivaí River
The Ivaí River (Portuguese, Rio Ivaí) is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Paraná River. Its official spelling is Ivaí, with variants including Ivahy and Ival.

The river basin is ecologically very degraded, with fragile and vulnerable soil. It contains the 8,716 hectares (21,540 acres) Perobas Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit created in 2006.
Bogdan Stimoff
Bogdan Stimoff is a 1916 silent drama film directed by Georg Jacoby and starring Georg Reimers, Lotte Medelsky, and Carl Goetz. It was made as a co-production between Bulgaria, Germany and the Austrian Empire, the allied Central Powers of the First World War.

Location shooting took place around the Bulgarian capital Sofia.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Han Tae-young
Han Tae Young (born 4 September 1979) is a Korean Greco-Roman wrestler. He was born in Seoul, South Korea. Han won gold medal at 2006 Asian Games in Doha. He also competed in 2008 Summer Olympics at Beijing.

Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
National Youth Orchestra of Wales
The National Youth Orchestra of Wales (NYOW, Welsh: Cerddorfa Genedlaethol Ieuenctid Cymru) is the national youth orchestra of Wales, based in Cardiff. Founded in 1945, it is the longest-standing national youth orchestra in the world.

National Eisteddfod of Wales
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru ⓘ) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors typically number 6,000 or more, and overall attendance generally exceeds 100,000 visitors, the highest recently being 186,000 attending the 2024 festival in Pontypridd.  The 2018 Eisteddfod was held in Cardiff Bay with a fence-free 'Maes'. In 2020, the event was held virtually under the name AmGen; events were held over a one-week period.
Interval coloring
In graph theory, the interval chromatic number  of an ordered graph  is the minimum number of intervals the (linearly ordered) vertex set of  can be partitioned into so that no two vertices belonging to the same interval are adjacent in .

Partition of a set
In mathematics, a partition of a set is a grouping of its elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in exactly one subset.

Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped with an equivalence relation or a partition is sometimes called a setoid, typically in type theory and proof theory.
Hip to Be Square
"Hip to Be Square" is a song by Huey Lewis and the News, written by Bill Gibson, Sean Hopper, and Huey Lewis, and released in 1986 as the second single from the multi-platinum album Fore!

The song features San Francisco 49ers players Joe Montana, Ronnie Lott, Dwight Clark, and Riki Ellison singing backup vocals. The single reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100. In later concerts, Lewis performed the song as "(Too) Hip to Be Square", as performed on their live album, Live at 25.

Grammatical person
In linguistics, a grammatical person distinguishes between deictic references to one or more participants in an event. Typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person). A language's set of pronouns is typically defined by grammatical persons. First person includes the speaker (English: I, we), second person is the person or people spoken to (English: your or you), and third person includes all that are not listed above (English: he, she, it, they). It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships.
History of Ferrari
Ferrari is an Italian company which has produced sports cars since 1947, but traces its roots back to 1929 when Enzo Ferrari formed the Scuderia Ferrari racing team.

In January 2016, Ferrari officially split off from its former parent company Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Owen Strachan
Owen Strachan (pronounced "Stran") is an American Calvinist theologian. He is provost of Grace Bible Theological Seminary in Arkansas and became the Senior Director of the Dobson Culture Center in June 2024.

Strachan studied at Bowdoin College, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, and Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. He previously taught at Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary and served as president of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood from 2014 to 2016.

Strachan is a critic of both wokeness and Christian nationalism. His podcast "Grace and Truth with Owen Strachan" is hosted by the Salem Podcast Network. Mark Wingfield, writing for Baptist News Global in 2022, suggested that Strachan "remains an influential person among the right-most flank of the SBC."

Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
The Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW) is an evangelical Christian organization promoting a complementarian view of gender issues. According to its website, the "mission of The Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood is to set forth the teachings of the Bible about the complementary differences between men and women, created equally in the image of God, because these teachings are essential for obedience to Scripture and for the health of the family and the church." CBMW's current president is Dr. Denny Burk, a professor of biblical studies at Boyce College and director for The Center for Gospel and Culture at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Its 2017 "Nashville Statement" was criticized by egalitarian Christians and LGBT campaigners, as well as by several conservative religious figures.
Ohio State Route 616
State Route 616 (SR 616) is a north–south state highway in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The southern terminus of SR 616  is at a signalized intersection with SR 170 immediately south of US 224 in Poland.  The northern terminus of the state highway is at a signalized intersection that doubles as the eastern end of the concurrency of US 62, SR 7 and SR 304 in Hubbard.

Hubbard, Ohio
Hubbard is a city in southeastern Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. It is formed from part of Hubbard Township, which was formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve. The population was 7,636 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb in the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.
456th Transport Aviation Brigade
The 456th Transport Aviation Brigade named after Dmytro Maiboroda (456 BrTrA, MUN A1231) is an aviation unit of the Ukrainian Air Force. The brigade is composed of An-26 military transport aircraft and Mi-8 helicopters. It is stationed at Havryshivka Air Base, Vinnytsia Region. Structurally, it belongs to  Air Command Center.

The brigade took part in the War in Donbas, in particular, delivering supplies by air to units of the Ukrainian Ground Forces fighting on the Russian-Ukrainian border in July 2014.

The brigade is named after Dmytro Mayboroda, an An-26 aircraft commander who died during the war in eastern Ukraine, and received the honor of Hero of Ukraine.

Havryshivka Vinnytsia International Airport
Vinnytsia International Airport (Ukrainian: Міжнародний Аеропорт «Вінниця» (Гавришівка)) (IATA: VIN, ICAO: UKWW) is an airport located near the village of Havryshivka, serving the city of Vinnytsia in the Vinnytsia region of Ukraine.

The airport was home to the 456th Guards Transport Aviation Brigade of the Ukrainian Air Force.
Black Lake (Washington)
Black Lake is a lake located 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Olympia, Washington. With a surface area of 570 acres (2.3 km2) and total volume of 11,000 acre-feet (14,000,000 m3), it is one of the largest lakes in Thurston County.

The lake has two outflows: via the Black River, which drains southwest into the Chehalis River, thence to Gray's Harbor and the Pacific Ocean; and Percival Creek, which drains northeast into Capitol Lake, Budd Inlet and Puget Sound.

The lake's mean depth is 19 feet (5.8 m), with a maximum depth of 29 feet (8.8 m), and it has approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) of shoreline.

Black Lake was so named on account of the dark character of its water.

Chehalis River
The Chehalis River (/ʃəˈheɪlɪs/ ⓘ shə-HAY-liss)
is a river in Washington in the United States. It originates in several forks in southwestern Washington, flows east, then north, then west, in a large curve, before emptying into Grays Harbor, an estuary of the Pacific Ocean. The river is the largest solely contained drainage basin in the state.
Sorbolo
Sorbolo (Parmigiano: Sòrbol; locally Sòrbel) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Parma.

Sorbolo borders the following municipalities: Brescello, Gattatico, Mezzani, Parma.

Province of Parma
The province of Parma (Italian: provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma.

It is made up of 47 comuni (sg.: comune). It has an area of 3,449 square kilometres (1,332 sq mi) and a total population of around 450,000.

The province is bordered by the province of Reggio Emilia to the east, the Piacenza to the west, Lombardy's provinces of Cremona and Mantua to the north and by Liguria's provinces of La Spezia and Genoa and Tuscany's Province of Massa-Carrara to the south.
Caryocolum junctella
Caryocolum junctella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found from most of Europe (except Ireland, the Netherlands, Croatia, Portugal and possibly Spain and parts of the Balkan Peninsula) east to China and Japan.

The length of the forewings is 4.5–5 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from April to August. They overwinter.

The larvae feed on Cerastium arvense, Cerastium glomeratum, Stellaria graminea and Stellaria media. Young larvae mine the leaves of their host plant.

Cerastium arvense
Cerastium arvense is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common names field mouse-ear and field chickweed. It is a widespread species, occurring throughout Europe and North America, as well as parts of South America. It is a variable species. There are several subspecies, but the number and defining characteristics are disputed.
Khimji Poonja Freight Forwarders
Khimji Poonja Freight Forwarders Pvt. Ltd. is an established custom house agency and a freight forwarding company based out of Mumbai, India. The company provides customs clearing services along with other allied logistics like Air and Sea freight forwarding, Surface Transport, Insurance, Warehousing and door to door delivery of goods. Khimji Poonja also assists its clients in all aspects of International transportation encompassing import and export Sea freight, Airfreight, Heavy lifts, Break bulk and all allied services.

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
Periodizations of capitalism
A periodization of capitalism seeks to distinguish stages of development that help understanding of features of capitalism through time. The best-known periodizations that have been proposed distinguish these stages as:

Early / monopoly / state monopoly capitalism (Sweezy)

Free trade / monopoly / finance capitalism (Hilferding)

Early capitalism (primitive accumulation) / colonialism / imperialism (Hobson, Lenin, Bukharin)

Extensive stage / intensive stage / late capitalism (Aglietta)

The Marxist periodization of capitalism into the stages: agricultural capitalism, merchant capitalism, industrial capitalism and state capitalism.

Another periodization includes merchant capitalism, industrial and finance capitalism, and global capitalism.

Primitive accumulation of capital
In Marxian economics and preceding theories, the problem of primitive accumulation (also called previous accumulation, prior accumulation, or original accumulation) of capital concerns the origin of capital and therefore how class distinctions between possessors and non-possessors came to be.
Linden, Hesse
Linden (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪndn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Gießen, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated 6 km south of Gießen.

The town consists of the two parts Großen-Linden and Leihgestern.

The Dießenbach, a small brook, flows into the Kleebach in Linden.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
A Strangely Isolated Place
A Strangely Isolated Place is the second studio album by German electronic musician Ulrich Schnauss, released on 9 June 2003 by City Centre Offices. It was released in the United States on 5 October 2004 by Domino Recording Company.

On 13 October 2008, a remastered edition of A Strangely Isolated Place was issued by Independiente. The album was remastered again in 2019 for a new reissue, which was released on 17 April 2020 by Scripted Realities.

Independiente (record label)
Independiente is a British independent record label formed in 1997 after Andy Macdonald sold his first label Go! Discs to PolyGram in 1996 for a reported £30 million. The label, which is currently dormant, is a division of Concord Music.

The label's catalogue included albums by Travis, John Martyn, Nile, Gomez, Embrace, Paul Weller and Martina Topley-Bird. In December 2013, it was confirmed that Embrace had signed to Cooking Vinyl, leaving Independiente with no current artists on its roster. The label ceased releasing music by new artists in 2009 and has subsequently transformed itself into a profitable synchronisation business, sourcing opportunities in film and advertising for its catalogue.
Spar (aeronautics)
In a fixed-wing aircraft, the spar is often the main structural member of the wing, running spanwise at right angles (or thereabouts depending on wing sweep) to the fuselage. The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground. Other structural and forming members such as ribs may be attached to the spar or spars, with stressed skin construction also sharing the loads where it is used. There may be more than one spar in a wing or none at all. Where a single spar carries most of the force, it is known as the main spar.

Spars are also used in other aircraft aerofoil surfaces such as the tailplane and fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different from those of a wing spar.

Stressed skin
In mechanical engineering, stressed skin is a rigid construction in which the skin or covering takes a portion of the structural load, intermediate between monocoque, in which the skin assumes all or most of the load, and a rigid frame, which has a non-loaded covering. Typically, the main frame has a rectangular structure and is triangulated by the covering; a stressed skin structure has localized compression-taking elements (rectangular frame) and distributed tension-taking elements (skin).
Evangelatos
Evangelatos is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antiochos Evangelatos (1903–1981), Greek composer and conductor

Costas Evangelatos (born 1957), Greek poet and artist

Greg Evangelatos, American para-alpine skier

Spiros Evangelatos (1940–2017), Greek theatre director and academic

Greg Evangelatos
Greg Evangelatos is an American para-alpine skier. He represented the United States at the 1984 Winter Paralympics and at the 1992 Winter Paralympics in alpine skiing. In 1992 he won the gold medal in the Men's Giant Slalom B1 event and the silver medal in the Men's Super-G B1 event.

At the Men's Giant Slalom B1 event he was the only competitor to receive a medal.
Pectinivalva brevipalpa
Pectinivalva brevipalpa is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in New South Wales.

The wingspan is 4.3–5.9 mm for males and 4.3–5.2 mm for females. Two-thirds of the forewings is dark fuscous with purplish reflections, there is a shining silver to pale golden fascia at 2/3. The apex of the wing is dark fuscous without reflections. The hindwings are grey.

The larvae feed on Tristaniopsis collina. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a very long narrow gallery either filled with greenish frass or with black linear frass. It broadens rather abruptly into a gallery with a central line of black frass. The exit-hole is located on the upperside and has the form of a semicircular slit. Pupation takes place in a reddish-brown cocoon.

Tristaniopsis collina
Tristaniopsis collina, known as hill water gum or hill kanuka, is a tree of eastern Australia.

The natural range of T. collina is from near Mount Gulaga (36° S) in the south of New South Wales to the border with the state of Queensland at the McPherson Range (28° S). The usual habitat is rainforest away from streams on shallow soils at high altitude. However, it can occasionally be seen at low altitudes such as at Seal Rocks and Chatswood West. T. collina is remarkably similar to the related T. laurina (Water Gum), but the latter species is strictly riparian.