hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dizdar
Dizdar (Persian: دیزدار, romanized: dizdār; Turkish: dizdar, kale muhafızı) was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a castle warden or fortress commander, appointed to manage troops and keep the fortress in its role as a defence point.

The word is of Persian origin, meaning gatekeeper, watchman, guardsman or castellan. It spread to the west following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans.

Dizdar commanded military unit in the fortress, but at the same time he was responsible for the settlement (village or town) under or around it as well, because the purpose of fortress was to defend the area.

As a commanding person, dizdar had his deputy, called chekhaya (Turkish: kâhya), and other subordinates (e.g. yasakci). His superiors were captain, sanjakbeg and other senior military officers.

In 1839 after the Tanzimat reforms, the Ottoman Empire abolished captaincies; the titles like captain and dizdar ceased to exist.

Guardsman
Guardsman is a rank used instead of private in some military units that serve as the official bodyguard of a sovereign or head of state. It is also used as a generic term for any member of a guards unit of any rank.
2008 Exeter attempted bombing
The Exeter bombing was a failed bombing attempt that took place on 22 May 2008, at the Giraffe cafe and restaurant in Princesshay, Exeter, England. The bomber, Nicky Reilly (5 February 1986 – 19 October 2016), 22, from Plymouth, who was the only person injured, pleaded guilty on 15 October 2008 to launching the attempted suicide attack.

Terrorism Act 2006
The Terrorism Act 2006 (c. 11) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that received royal assent on 30 March 2006, after being introduced on 12 October 2005. The act creates new offences related to terrorism and amends existing ones. The act was drafted in the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 London bombings, and some of its terms have proven to be highly controversial. The government considered the act a necessary response to an unparalleled terrorist threat; it has encountered opposition from those who feel that it is an undue imposition on civil liberties, and could increase the terrorism risk.

The act drew considerable media attention, not least because one of the key votes resulted in the first defeat of Tony Blair's government on the House of Commons floor.
Paul Gardner (priest)
Paul (Douglas) Gardner (born 28 May 1950) is a Christian priest and author.

Gardner was educated at Leeds Grammar School, King's College London and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained deacon in 1980, and priest in 1981.; After a curacy at, St Martin, Cambridge he was a Lecturer at Oak Hill Theological College. He was vicar of St John the Baptist, Hartford, Cheshire from 1990 to 2003; archdeacon of Exeter from 2003 to 2005 and senior minister of Christ Church Presbyterian Church, Atlanta, Georgia from 2005 to 2017.

Ridley Hall, Cambridge
Ridley Hall is a theological college located on the corner of Sidgwick Avenue and Ridley Hall Road in Cambridge (United Kingdom), which trains men and women intending to take Holy Orders as deacon or priest of the Church of England, and members of the laity working with children and young people as lay pioneers and within a pastoral capacity such as lay chaplaincy. It is a registered charity.
Keung To
Keung To (Chinese: 姜濤; born 30 April 1999) is a Hong Kong singer, actor, and a member of the Hong Kong boy band group Mirror. He rose to fame after winning ViuTV's reality talent competition Good Night Show - King Maker  in 2018. Keung made his solo debut in June 2019 with the single "No. 1 Seed" (一號種籽). His fans are known as "Ginger Candy" (姜糖).

Keung won the My Favourite Male Singer (2020, 2021, 2024 and 2025) and My Favourite Song award (2020-2025) at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation, he is the youngest ever to do so.

HK Television Entertainment
HK Television Entertainment Company Limited (Chinese: 香港電視娛樂有限公司, or ViuTV) is a television service operator in Hong Kong, owned by Hong Kong billionaire Richard Li's PCCW. It operates through its subsidiary PCCW Media, which also owns the IPTV platform Now TV and runs the OTT service Viu.
MINISO
MINISO Group Holding Limited (simplified Chinese: 名创优品; traditional Chinese: 名創優品; pinyin: Míngchuàng Yōupǐn; Jyutping: ming4 cong3 jau1 ban2), trading as MINISO is a Chinese retailer and variety store chain that specializes in household and consumer goods including cosmetics, stationery, toys, and kitchenware featuring IP design. Founded in 2013 by Ye Guofu, its headquarters are in Haizhu District, Guangzhou. In 2025, the company's sales revenue reached $2.45 billion. In March 2019, MINISO began a collaboration with Marvel Entertainment to sell its branded products.

MINISO has expanded outside of the Chinese market and operates over 7,000 stores including designer toy brand – TOPTOY stores and 6,868 MINISO stores in Asia, Europe, Oceania, Africa, North America, and South America. Sustainalytics and Morningstar ESG risk rating rank MINISO as "Low Risk".

Sustainalytics
Sustainalytics is a company that rates the sustainability of listed companies based on their environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance. The company was born of a merger between Toronto-based Jantzi Research, which was founded in 1992 by Sustainalytics' current CEO Michael Jantzi, and its European counterpart. Following its acquisition of GES International on January 9, 2019, Sustainalytics had more than 600 employees with offices in 17 cities around the world and over 700 institutional investor clients. On April 21, 2020, Morningstar, Inc. acquired the remaining ~60% of Sustainalytics' shares to become the sole owner.
Velodrome Rakyat
The Velodrome Rakyat is a velodrome in Ipoh, Malaysia. It was inaugurated on 21 July 1989.

A 250-metre timber track, the velodrome has hosted many national and international events, including the World Cycling Championships B in 1997, the Track World Cup in 2000 and 2001, and the cycling events of the 1989 Southeast Asian Games.

UCI Track Cycling World Cup
The UCI Track Cycling World Cup (formerly known as the UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics) was a multi race tournament held over a track cycling season - usually between October and February. Each series is divided into several rounds, each held in a different country. It was replaced in 2021 by the UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup.
Fung Chi Ming
Fung Chi Ming (Chinese: 馮志明; Jyutping: fung4 zi3 ming4, born 13 January 1951) is a Hong Kong former football player. He played the position of a striker or right winger and won the Hong Kong First Division League Best Scorer Award twice in 1976-77 and 77–78.

Nicknamed "Fung Little" (馮細), he was called the 3A's of Hong Kong national football team together with Wan Chi Keung and Sze Kin Hei.

He got famous when he played in South China. In 1978–79, together with his teammates Choi York Yee and Chan Sai Kau, they moved to Happy Valley by each signing a big contract of HKD$5,500 per month. However, Fung could not maintain his form and moved back to South China after two seasons.

Hong Kong First Division League
The Hong Kong First Division League (Chinese: 香港甲組聯賽) is the second-highest division in the Hong Kong football league system. Established in 1908, it is the third oldest in Asia, after Calcutta and Bombay. Moreover, it is the oldest top-flight league system in Asia. The league was formerly the highest division in Hong Kong until the formation of the Hong Kong Premier League in 2014.

Since 1908, a total of 29 clubs have been crowned champions of the Hong Kong football system. South China are the most successful club, having won 41 times since their first participation in 1941.
Anton Heiberg
Anton Wilhelm Scheel Heiberg (26 March 1878 – 11 September 1947) was a Norwegian stage instructor and theatre director.

He was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was a son of judge Edvard Omsen Heiberg (1829–1884) and his wife Minna (Vilhelmine) Rode (1836–1917). He was the brother of Gunnar Edvard Rode Heiberg, Jacob Vilhelm Rode Heiberg, and Inge Heiberg. He studied law from 1896 and took his law degree in 1902.

From 1903 he was a stage director and from 1905, he was theatre director at the Nationaltheatret. He was  theatre director of the  Den Nationale Scene in Bergen from 1905 to 1907.  He was in charge of Tivoli Teater in Kristiania from 1912 to 1914. He was stage director for Maaltheatret in 1915, and artistic director at the Norwegian Theatre 1915-16. He ran the Friluftsteatret summer theatre  at Bygdøy in the 1920s, and the cabaret Edderkoppen together with Bokken Lasson. He reopened the Carl Johan Theater in 1931, and also worked as instructor for Centralteatret.

Bygdøy
Bygdøy or Bygdø is a peninsula situated on the western side of Oslo, Norway. Administratively, Bygdøy is part of the borough of Frogner. It historically was part of Aker Municipality and became part of Oslo in 1948.

Bygdøy is a popular recreation area and is among the most fashionable residential areas in Norway, where the most expensive properties in the entire country are found. Bygdøy is also the home of five national museums as well as a royal estate. Wealthy families of Christiania acquired country houses in Bygdøy during the 18th and 19th centuries; by the 19th century Bygdøy had become a favourite of the wealthy in the capital region and was exclusively settled by the wealthy and their servants.
Van de Venne
van de Venne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adriaen van de Venne (1589–1662), Dutch Golden Age painter

Delphine Van de Venne (born 1974), Belgian sprint canoer

Jan van de Venne, Flemish Baroque painter

Adriaen van de Venne
Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589 – 12 November 1662), was a versatile Dutch Golden Age painter of allegories, genre subjects, and portraits, as well as a miniaturist, book illustrator, designer of political satires, and versifier.
Nechako: It Will Be a Big River Again
Nechako: It Will Be a Big River Again is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Lyana Patrick and released in 2025. The film centres on the Stellat'en and Saik'uz First Nations, and their fight for restitution after the construction of the Kenney Dam disrupted their traditional livelihoods on and around the Nechako River.

The film premiered at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention from the Colin Low Award jury.

Stellat'en First Nation
Stellat'en First Nation  is the band government of the Stellat'en subgroup of the Dakelh people in the Omineca Country of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, 160 km west of Prince George, B.C.
Souphanouvong
Prince Souphanouvong (13 July 1909 – 9 January 1995; Lao: ສຸພານຸວົງ Lao pronunciation: [ˌsupʰaːˈnuʋoŋ]), nicknamed the Red Prince, was along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the "Three Princes" who represented respectively the communist (pro-Vietnam), neutralist and royalist political factions in Laos. He was the President of Laos from December 1975 to October 1986.

Champasak (town)
Champasak or Muang Champassak (Lao: ຈຳປາສັກ [tɕàm pàː sák]) is a small town in southern Laos, on the west bank of the Mekong River about 40 km south of Pakse, the capital of Champasak Province. It is the seat of the Champasak district (muang).

The town was once the seat of the Kingdom of Champasak, an independent Lao state that was abolished by the French in 1945 when they created the Kingdom of Laos, but the last King of Champasak had his palace in Pakse. Today the town is very small, consisting mostly of guesthouses along the riverbank, catering to tourists visiting the Vat Phou temple ruins some 10 km away.
White Rock, North Carolina
White Rock (variant name: Whiterock) is an unincorporated community in Madison County, North Carolina, United States.  The community is located along Chapel Hill Road (SR 1316), which connects to nearby NC 212.  The community is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Asheville metropolitan area
The Asheville metropolitan area is a metropolitan area centered on the principal city of Asheville, North Carolina. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area used by the United States Census Bureau and other entities, as comprising the four counties of Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison. The area's population was 424,858 according to the 2010 census, and 469,454 according to the 2020 census.
He Couldn't Say No
He Couldn't Say No is a Warner Bros. romantic comedy film released on March 18, 1938. It stars Frank McHugh as a timid advertising man who is dominated by everyone, including his girlfriend, played by Jane Wyman. It is based on the play Larger than Life by Joseph Schrank and the short story of the same name by Norman H. Matson.

Tom Kennedy (actor)
Thomas Aloyisus Kennedy (July 15, 1885 – October 6, 1965) was an American actor known for his roles in Hollywood comedies from the silent days, with such producers as Mack Sennett and Hal Roach, mainly supporting lead comedians such as the Marx Brothers, W. C. Fields, Mabel Normand, Shemp Howard, El Brendel, Laurel and Hardy, and the Three Stooges. Kennedy also played dramatic roles as a supporting actor. Today's viewers may know him from Warner Bros.' nine Torchy Blane features as Gahagan, the poetry-spouting cop whose running line was, "What a day! What a day!"
Halfway to Heaven (horse)
Halfway to Heaven (foaled 25 April 2005) is a retired Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and an active broodmare. After winning one minor race as a two-year-old in 2007, she emerged as one of the leading fillies in Europe the following year, recording Group One successes in the Irish 1,000 Guineas, Nassau Stakes and Sun Chariot Stakes. She was retired from racing at the end of the year having won four of her nine races and became a successful broodmare, producing two Group One-winning daughters.

Sun Chariot Stakes
The Sun Chariot Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early October.
Vitaliy Trukshin
Vitaliy Trukshin is a Soviet sprint canoeist who competed during the 1970s. He won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-1 4 x 500 m: 1973), two silvers (K-1 500 m: 1973, K-1 4 x 500 m: 1974), and a bronze (K-1 1000 m: 1978).

1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in lake Kaukajärvi, Tampere, Finland. Kaukajärvi Canoe/Kayak venue on map..

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the tenth championships in canoe sprint.
Orocue Airport
Orocue Airport (IATA: ORC, ICAO: SKOE) is an airport serving Orocué, a town and municipality in the Casanare Department of Colombia. The runway is adjacent to the western edge of the town, north of the Meta River.

The Carimauga non-directional beacon (Ident: CRG) is 13.3 nautical miles (24.6 km; 15.3 mi) south of the airport.

Casanare Department
Casanare (Spanish pronunciation: [kasaˈnaɾe], Spanish: Departamento de Casanare) is a department located in the central eastern of Colombia. It is famous for its oil and natural gas production as well as its livestock and extensive plains. It is also the tenth largest department with an area of 44,490 km2, similar to that of Denmark, but also the seventh least densely populated.

Its capital is Yopal, which is also the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yopal.

It contains oil fields and an 800 km pipeline leading to the coastal port of Coveñas owned by BP.
David Lloyd (squash player)
David Lloyd (born 25 October 1965) is an English former professional squash player.

Lloyd was born in Wolverhampton and became British Under-19 champion and runner-up in the World Junior Squash Championships in 1984. He participated in the British Open Squash Championships during the eighties.

World Squash Junior Championships
The World Squash Junior Championships is the junior world championship of squash conducted by World Squash. Players aged under 19 can participate. The event used to be hosted biennially but has been held annually since 2009.
Craig Watson (golfer)
Craig Robert Watson (born 1966) is a Scottish amateur golfer. He won the 1997 Amateur Championship and was in the British Walker Cup team that year. He was the original captain of the 2017 Walker Cup Great Britain and Ireland team but withdrew just before the event because of a family illness. He was the captain of the 2019 Walker Cup team.

St Andrews Links Trophy
The St Andrews Links Trophy is an international amateur golf tournament contested on the St Andrews Links in Scotland. It has been played annually since 1989.

The format is 72-hole stroke play over three days. 144 players compete in the first two rounds, after which the leading 40 competitors and ties play a further 36 holes over the Old Course on the final day. The course or courses used for the first two rounds has varied from year to year, with combinations of the Old, New and Jubilee courses used. Before 2003 the event was played over two days. Originally the Old and New courses were used on the opening day. The Jubilee course was first used in 1999.
Banki, Odisha
Banki is a town and a Subdivision, Legislative Council constituency no. 88 and Notified Area Council in Cuttack district in the state of Odisha, India. Banki is known for the Charchika Temple, dedicated to the deity of Chamunda, the eight armed goddess and incarnation of Durga. In the 2024 Odisha Assembly elections current MLA of Banki is Devi Ranjan Tripathy.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Günter Jäger
Günter Jäger (born 21 December 1935) is a German former footballer who played as a defender for Fortuna Düsseldorf and Wuppertaler SV. He also played once for the Germany national team in 1958, and represented his country in the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Wuppertaler SV
Wuppertaler SV is a German association football club located in Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia. The city was founded in 1880 by the union of a number of smaller towns including Elberfeld, Barmen, Vohwinkel, Cronenberg and Ronsdorf – each with its own football club. Wuppertal Sport Verein was formed on 8 July 1954 out of the merger of TSG Vohwinkel and SSV Wuppertal and was later joined by Borussia Wuppertal to form the present day club. In addition to the football side, today's sports club includes departments for boxing, gymnastics, handball, and track and field.
Mörschied
Mörschied is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

Herrstein-Rhaunen
Herrstein-Rhaunen is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Herrstein. It was formed on 1 January 2020 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Herrstein and Rhaunen.

The Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°47′N 7°20′E﻿ / ﻿49.78°N 7.33°E﻿ / 49.78; 7.33
Tan Shaowen
Tan Shaowen (Chinese: 谭绍文; July 4, 1929 – February 3, 1993) was a Chinese politician. He served as the Communist Party Chief and top leader of the direct-controlled municipality of Tianjin, and was a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, one of the most powerful political bodies in the People's Republic of China. However, he died in 1993 before completing the full term of his office.

Direct-administered municipality
A direct-administered municipality (直辖市; Zhíxiáshì; lit. 'direct-administered city'), commonly known as a municipality, is a provincial-level administrative division in China. The municipalities are directly affiliated with the central government of China. Although a city by name, a Chinese municipality is more than a city in a traditional sense. It is equivalent to a province as it is usually composed of a central urban area and a number of much larger surrounding suburban and rural areas. There are four such municipalities in China: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin.
Asia LIFE University
Asia LIFE University (ALU), also known as Gospel Theological Seminary, is a Christian university in Daejeon, Korea.

Asia LIFE University is based on the foundations of the Pentecostal and evangelical theology with emphasis on the Four Square Gospel of salvation, Spirit-baptism, healing and return of Christ. Gospel Theological Seminary, as it was known before, strives to educate Christian leaders who are dedicated to the evangelical ministry.

The ALU is affiliated with the Foursquare Church in Korea. It is also a member of the Korea Association of Accredited Theological Schools and the Asia Theological Association.

Salvation
Salvation (from Latin: salvatio, from salva, 'safe, saved') is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation. In religion and theology, salvation generally refers to the deliverance of the soul from sin and its consequences. The academic study of salvation is called soteriology.
Five Families (Conservative Party)
As of 2024, there are a number of factions within the British parliamentary Conservative Party which have the informal name of the "Five Families", named after the Five Families of the New York Mafia.

Among the factions that have been described as members of the "Five Families" are:

The Blue Collar Conservatives, a group that identify as working class MPs

The Common Sense Group, a group of right-wing MPs.

The Conservative Growth Group, supporting Liz Truss.

The European Research Group, a group of Eurosceptic MPs that promoted Brexit.

The New Conservatives, a parliamentary group of predominantly "Red Wall" Conservative MPs.

The No Turning Back group, backing Thatcherite policies.

The Northern Research Group, consisting of MPs elected to seats in Northern England.

The One Nation Conservatives, consisting of centre-right MPs taking a more moderate to liberal position on social and fiscal policies.

Red wall (British politics)
The red wall is a term used in British politics to describe the UK Parliament constituencies in the Midlands and Northern England that have historically supported the Labour Party. The term was coined by pollster James Kanagasooriam. At the 2019 general election, many of these parliamentary seats were won by the Conservative Party, with the media describing the red wall as having "turned blue".

At the 2021 Hartlepool by-election, the Conservatives won for the first time in decades in another red wall seat. The 2021 Batley and Spen by-election was also for a red wall seat; Labour held the seat, albeit with a reduced majority. In the 2022 Wakefield by-election, Labour regained their first red wall seat; this was also their first gain in any by-election since 2012. At the 2024 general election, Labour regained almost all of these seats, with the media describing the red wall as having been "rebuilt".