hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1980 U.S. Women's Open
The 1980 U.S. Women's Open was the 35th U.S. Women's Open, held July 10–13 at Richland Country Club in Nashville, Tennessee.

Amy Alcott won her only U.S. Women's Open, nine shots ahead of runner-up Hollis Stacy. She entered the final round with an eight-stroke lead; it was the second of her five major titles.

The field of 150 players included 49 amateurs, of which two made the 36-hole cut.

On the weekend, temperatures reached 100 °F (38 °C).

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.
Hans M. Laursen
Hans M. Laursen (December 23, 1865 – December 9, 1916) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Denmark, Laursen emigrated with parents to the United States and went to Neenah, Wisconsin. They then moved to the town of Luck, Polk County, Wisconsin. Laursen stayed there until he was twenty-three. Laursen was president and general manager of Lakeside Lumber Company in Shell Lake, Wisconsin and also owned a farm. Laursen served as town clerk, justice of the peace, and on the Washburn County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. Laursen was also lumber inspector. Laursen was a Republican. From 1913 until his death in 1916, Laursen served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Laursen was killed in a train accident one mile south of Spooner, Wisconsin, when the automobile he was driving was hit by a locomotive.

Polk County, Wisconsin
Polk County is the westernmost county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,977.  Its county seat is Balsam Lake. The county was created in 1853 and named for United States President James K. Polk.
Radomek, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Radomek [raˈdɔmɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Końskie, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Końskie and 46 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie County
Końskie County (Polish: powiat konecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Końskie, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Stąporków, lying 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Końskie.

The county covers an area of 1,139.90 square kilometres (440.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,019, out of which the population of Końskie is 19,176, that of Stąporków is 5,639, and the rural population is 52,204.
Harri Õunapuu
Harri Õunapuu (born 2 February 1947) is an Estonian agronomist and former politician. He served as Minister of Finance from 2002 to 2003. From 1989 until 1991, he was the Governor of Rapla County. He also served as Minister of Agriculture from 1991 to 1992.

Õunapuu was born in Sangaste Parish (now, part of Otepää Parish)  and graduated from Tartu 3rd Secondary School in 1961. In 1966, he graduated from the Räpina School of Horticulture with a degree in horticultural agronomy and from the Estonian Agricultural University in 1971 with a degree in agronomy. From 1971 to 1990, he was a member of the Communist Party, from 1994 to 2204 of the Estonian Centre Party and since 2006 of the Estonian Reform Party.

Communist Party of Estonia
The Communist Party of Estonia (Estonian: Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, abbreviated EKP; in Russian: Коммунистическая партия Эстонии) was the Estonian branch of the Soviet communist party (CPSU). It operated illegally in Estonia prior to 1940, before being merged with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) after the annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union.
Mysore Brothers
"Mysore Brothers" is an Indian classical violinist duo consisting of Mysore Nagaraj and Mysore Manjunath. They trained under their father Sri Mahadevappa, a violinist in the tradition of Sri Tyagaraja and composer of Carnatic classical music. They received the Sangeet Natak Akademi award from the Government of India in 2017.

Sangeet Natak Akademi
Sangeet Natak Akademi (The National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama in English), in New Delhi, is the national academy for performing arts set up by the Government of India. It is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
11th Maharashtra Assembly
The Members of 11th Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra were elected during the 2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election, with results announced on 17 October 2004.

The ruling INC-NCP(Democratic Front) won the elections gaining 69 and 71 Seats respectively and winning 152 seats in alliance with support of independents and smaller parties. The Nationalist Congress Party emerged as the single largest party winning 71 seats. The opposition Shiv Sena-Bharatiya Janata Party lost the election gaining 62 and 54 seats respectively and winning 116 seats in alliance. Incumbent CM Vilasrao Deshmukh of the Indian National Congress was again sworn in as the Chief minister of Maharashtra with Chhagan Bhujbal of the Nationalist Congress Party as the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra.

Democratic Front (India)
Democratic Front or the Maha Aghadi is name of the former governing coalition in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The Alliance of Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party was called as Maha Aghadi.
Rollin Hamilton
Rollin "Ham" Clare Hamilton (October 28, 1898 – June 3, 1951) was an American animator. He was Walt Disney's first hire, and from 1924 to 1928, he worked as an animator for the Alice Comedies and Oswald the Lucky Rabbit shorts. In 1928, Hamilton and several other animators left the Walt Disney Studio to work at Winkler Pictures' new animation studio with the help of Charles Mintz. A year later, Hamilton briefly transferred to Walter Lantz's new studio before he helped fellow animators Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising establish their own animation studio. He was one of the primary animators for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons. From 1929 to 1934, he animated the Bosko character in the Harman and Ising studio.

He was one of the few animators who remained with Leon Schlesinger after Harman and Ising left in 1933. In Schlesinger's studio, he animated Buddy, Beans the Cat, and Porky Pig. He then worked as a freelance animator until 1940.

Hamilton died in 1951 of a heart attack.

Bosko
Bosko is an animated cartoon character created by animators Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising. Bosko was the first recurring character in Leon Schlesinger's cartoon series and was the star of 39 Looney Tunes shorts released by Warner Bros. He was voiced by Carman Maxwell, Bernard B. Brown, Johnny Murray, and Philip Hurlic during the 1920s and 1930s and once by Don Messick during the 1990s. The character would briefly appear in shorts released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer prior to his retirement; the rights to the character and the Looney Tunes-era films are owned by Turner Entertainment Co. through separate acquisitions; the latter have fallen into the public domain due to their copyrights not being renewed after rights disputes.
Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held at the Gold Coast Hockey Centre from 5 to 14 April 2018. Australia won the gold medal after defeating New Zealand 2–0 in the final, continuing their dominance in the event with a sixth consecutive gold medal, having won the men's tournament every time it has been held.

Australia at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Australia competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Queensland between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was Australia's 21st appearance at the Commonwealth Games, having competed at every Games since their inception in 1930. Australia previously hosted the Games four times – 1938 Sydney, 1962 Perth, 1982 Brisbane and 2006 Melbourne.

Being the host nation, Australia sent a contingent of 474 athletes, participating in all of the 18 sports staged. Though only 469 competed. This was the highest number of athletes to represent Australia in a Commonwealth Games ever, eclipsing their previous record of 417 athletes at the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games. Hockey athlete Mark Knowles was the country's flag bearer during the opening ceremony.
Lensch-Cunow-Haenisch group
The Lensch-Cunow-Haenisch group was a political faction within the Social Democratic Party of Germany founded in 1915 by anti-revisionist Marxists who despite previously opposing participation in the First World War now supported it. Its name comes from the three principal protagonists: Paul Lensch, Heinrich Cunow and Konrad Haenisch. They followed the initiative of Parvus in advocating a German victory as a positive step for international social democracy. They mobilised Marxist arguments behind the war effort.

In 1907 Parvus had been a critic of German imperialism, publishing Colonial Policy and the Breakdown during the 1907 German federal election, often referred to as the Hottentot Election.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Dijana Alić
Dijana Alić is a Bosnian-Australian architect and academic.

She was born in Sarajevo and received degree in architecture from the University of Sarajevo and a M.Arch. and a PhD from the University of New South Wales. Alić is a lecturer and program coordinator for the School of Architecture and Design at the University of New South Wales. Previous to her academic career, she worked as an architect and consulted on a number of large projects.

Her work has been published in various international journals, including the Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Open House International, Centropa and Fabrications. Her interests lie in exploring the relationship between the sociological and political environment and architecture.

Master of Architecture
The Master of Architecture (M.Arch. or MArch) is a graduate professional degree in architecture qualifying the graduate to move through the various stages of professional accreditation (internship, exams) that result in receiving a license.
Upper Affcot
Upper Affcot is a hamlet in Shropshire, England.

It is located on the A49 north of Craven Arms and south of Church Stretton, between the hamlets of Strefford and Felhampton. There is a public house here, formerly called the Travellers Rest, now the Affcot Lodge. It is part of the civil parish of Wistanstow.

Craven Arms
Craven Arms is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England. It is sited on the A49 road and the Welsh Marches railway line, which link it north and south to the larger towns of Shrewsbury and Ludlow respectively. The town is enclosed to the north by the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and to the south is the fortified manor house of Stokesay Castle.

Economically, the town serves the surrounding rural area, with a number of shops, estate agents, a supermarket, an abattoir and many commercial/light industrial businesses. It is also a visitor destination, being home or nearby to a number of attractions, and is a centre for visitors to the area of outstanding natural beauty. It describes itself as the Gateway to the Marches.
Chinese views on sin
The concept of sin, in the sense of violating a universal moral code, was unknown in Chinese philosophy and folk religion until around the second century CE, when Buddhism arrived from India and religious Daoism originated. While English lexically differentiates theological sin from legal crime, the Chinese language uses one word zui 罪 meaning "crime; guilt; misconduct; sin; fault; blame."

Moral universalism
Moral universalism (also called moral objectivism) is the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics, or a universal ethic, applies universally, that is, for "all similarly situated individuals", regardless of culture, disability, race, sex, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, or any other distinguishing feature. Moral universalism is opposed to moral nihilism and moral relativism. However, not all forms of moral universalism are absolutist, nor are they necessarily value monist; many forms of universalism, such as utilitarianism, are non-absolutist, and some forms, such as that of Isaiah Berlin, may be value pluralist.

In addition to the theories of moral realism, moral universalism includes other cognitivist moral theories, such as the subjectivist ideal observer theory and divine command theory, and also the non-cognitivist moral theory of universal prescriptivism.
Joseph Gruber
Joseph Karl Gruber (4 May 1912 – 29 September 1967) was an Austrian football player and manager. A midfielder, he played for Austria Wien, French club Le Havre, Maltese side Floriana and in Germany for Alemannia Aachen and Hamburger SV. He managed Dutch side Ajax between 1962 and 1963 and also coached Alemannia Aachen, DOS, Vitesse Arnhem Pittsburgh Phantoms.

Alemannia Aachen
Aachener Turn- und Sportverein Alemannia 1900 e. V., short Alemannia Aachen (German pronunciation: [aleˈmani̯aː ˈʔaːxn̩]), is a German football club from the western city of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia. A long-term fixture of the country's second division, Alemannia enjoyed a three-year turn in the Bundesliga in the late 1960s and, after a successful 2005–06 campaign, returned to the first division for a single season. The club slipped to third-division play and in late 2012 entered into bankruptcy. They finished their 2012–13 3. Liga schedule before resuming play in the tier IV Regionalliga West in 2013–14.

In the 2023–24 Regionalliga, Alemannia finished 1st in the West Group, which got them immediately promoted to the 2024–25 3. Liga.

Alemannia carries the nickname "the potato beetles" (Kartoffelkäfer) because of their traditionally striped yellow-black jerseys, which make them look like the particular insects. The home of Alemannia is the Tivoli.
Indra Bahadur Baniya
Indra Bahadur Baniya is a Nepali politician currently serving as Chief minister of Bagmati Province. Baniya is elected member of the Bagmati Provincial Assembly from Makwanupr 1 (B). He has previously served as Minister of state for Home Affairs.

Lama who had served as the member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal and was elected through 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from Makwanpur 1.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
A History Channel Thanksgiving
"A History Channel Thanksgiving" is the thirteenth episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series South Park, and the 222nd episode overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 9, 2011. In the episode, the boys accidentally uncover the true origins of Thanksgiving after watching a History Channel documentary alleging that aliens were present at the original harvest feast in 1621. It parodies the television series Ancient Aliens, the 2011 film Thor and for-profit colleges.

The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA L in the United States.

Asgard (comics)
Asgard is a fictional realm and its capital city appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby, the realm first appeared in Journey into Mystery #85 (October 1962). Based on the realm of the same name from Germanic mythology (particularly Norse), Asgard is home to the Asgardians and other beings adapted from Norse mythology. It features prominently in stories that follow the Marvel Comics superhero Thor.

Asgard has appeared in comics and various media adaptations, including the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and the Disney+ series Loki (2021). Eventually, Asgard was relocated to Earth in Norway and appeared in Avengers: Endgame and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022).
Styphelia planifolia
Styphelia planifolia is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a bushy shrub with narrowly oblong or lance-shaped leaves with a small, sharp point on the tip, and white, tube-shaped flowers.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Vibrio harveyi
Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative, bioluminescent, marine bacterium in the genus Vibrio.  V. harveyi is rod-shaped, motile (via polar flagella), facultatively anaerobic, halophilic, and competent for both fermentative and respiratory metabolism.  It does not grow below 4 °C ( optimum growth: 30° to  35 °C).  V. harveyi can be found free-swimming in tropical marine waters, commensally in the gut microflora of marine animals, and as both a primary and opportunistic pathogen of marine animals, including Gorgonian corals, oysters, prawns, lobsters, the common snook, barramundi, turbot, milkfish, and seahorses.  It is responsible for luminous vibriosis, a disease that affects commercially farmed penaeid prawns.  Additionally, based on samples taken by ocean-going ships, V. harveyi is thought to be the cause of the milky seas effect, in which, during the night, a uniform blue glow is emitted from the seawater. Some glows can cover nearly 6,000 sq mi (16,000 km2).

Barramundi
The barramundi (Lates calcarifer), Asian sea bass, or giant sea perch (also known as dangri, kalanji, apahap, siakap, or chonok) is a species of catadromous fish in the family Latidae of the order Carangiformes. The species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, spanning the waters of the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania.
François Joseph de Choiseul, Marquis of Stainville
François Joseph de Choiseul, Marquis of Stainville (12 January 1696 - 27 November 1769) was a diplomat and courtier in the service of the Dukes of Lorraine. His title was derived from the village of Stainville in Lorraine.

He was a chief advisor later serving as Ambassador to Britain and France. When the House of Lorraine were ousted from Lorraine during the War of the Polish Succession in the 1730s, he followed them to their new territory of Tuscany.

He married Françoise Louise de Bassompierre, descended from François de Bassompierre, another nobleman of Lorraine. De Stainville is best known as the father of Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, the French statesmen who served as Chief Minister between 1758 and 1770. François Choiseul had chosen to send his eldest son into the French army. Another son served in the Austrian army where he rose to be a General.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
Sultan Mahmut Fountain
Sultan Mahmut Fountain (Turkish: Sultan Mahmut Çeşmesi) is a historical public fountain in Istanbul, Turkey.

The fountain is located in Kireçburnu neighborhood of Sarıyer secondary municipality by Bosphorous.

It was commissioned by Ottoman sultan Mahmut II (reigned 1808–1839) in 1814. Its ornamental slab as well as the inscription is made of marble. The inscription includes a tughra of the sultan. The inscription was written by Yesarizade Mustafa Izzet Efendi.

Presently, the fountain is out of use.

Tughra
A tughra (Ottoman Turkish: طغرا, romanized: ṭuġrā; Turkish: tuğra) is a calligraphic monogram, seal or signature of a sultan that was affixed to all official documents and correspondence. Inspired by the tamgha, it was also carved on his seal and stamped on the coins minted during his reign. Very elaborate decorated versions were created for important documents that were also works of art in the tradition of Ottoman illumination, such as the example of Suleiman the Magnificent in the gallery below.

The tughra was designed at the beginning of the sultan's reign and drawn by the court calligrapher or nişancı on written documents. The first tughra examples are from the 14th century.

Tughras served a purpose similar to the cartouche in ancient Egypt or the Royal Cypher of British monarchs. Every Ottoman sultan had his own individual tughra.
Philip Toosey
Brigadier Sir Philip John Denton Toosey CBE, DSO, TD, JP (12 August 1904 – 22 December 1975), was, as a lieutenant colonel, the senior Allied officer in the Japanese prisoner-of-war camp at Tha Maa Kham (known as Tamarkan) in Thailand during World War II. The men at this camp built Bridge 277 of the Burma Railway as later fictionalized in the book The Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle, and since adapted into the Oscar-winning film The Bridge on the River Kwai in which Alec Guinness played the senior British officer, Lt Col Nicholson. Both the book and film outraged former prisoners because Toosey did not collaborate with the enemy, unlike the fictional Lt Col Nicholson.

Territorial Decoration
The Territorial Decoration (TD) was a military medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army.

This award superseded the Volunteer Officer's Decoration when the Territorial Force was formed on 1 April 1908, following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, (7 Edw.7, c.9) which was a large reorganisation of the old Volunteer Army and the remaining units of militia and Yeomanry.  However, the Militia were transferred to the Special Reserve rather than becoming part of the Territorial Force. Recipients of this award are entitled to use the letters "TD" after their name (post-nominal).