hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Land of Darkness (novel)
The Land of Darkness is a book by Abdul Rahman Munif published as a trilogy novel in the year 1999. It mainly focused on the personal Iraqi interactions with global events. However, the defeat of Napoleon in Egypt, remaining the thought of French Revolution. The English ambitions in the Middle East as it is the power of the Caliphate. Not to forget that it touched on the social and political history of Iraq during the nineteenth century.

Abdul Rahman Munif
Abdul Rahman bin Ibrahim al-Munif (Arabic: عَبْد الرَّحْمٰن بِن إِبْرَاهِيم المُنِيف; May 29, 1933 – January 24, 2004), also known as Abdelrahman Munif, was a novelist, short story writer, memoirist, journalist, thinker, and cultural critic. He is considered one of the most significant authors in the Arabic language of the 20th century. His novels include strong political elements as well as mockeries of the Middle Eastern elite classes. He is best-known for Cities of Salt, a quintet of novels about how the discovery of oil transformed a traditional Bedouin culture. Munif's work offended the rulers of Saudi Arabia, which led to the banning of many of his books and the revocation of his Saudi Arabian citizenship.
Casio V.P.A.M. calculators
Casio V.P.A.M. calculators are scientific calculators made by Casio which use Casio's Visually Perfect Algebraic Method (V.P.A.M.), Natural Display or Natural V.P.A.M. input methods. V.P.A.M. is an infix system for entering mathematical expressions, used by Casio in most of its current scientific calculators. In the infix notation the precedence of mathematical operators is taken into account. According to Casio, in V.P.A.M. calculations can be input exactly as they are normally written. Functions, operators and symbols are shown on the calculator display and calculations are performed according to operator precedence.

Infix notation
Infix notation is the notation commonly used in arithmetical and logical formulae and statements. It is characterized by the placement of operators between operands—"infixed operators"—such as the plus sign in 2 + 2.
Sandweed
Sandweed is a common name for several plant species:

Athysanus pusillus (Brassicaceae), native to western North America

Hypericum fasciculatum (Hypericaceae), native to the southeastern United States

Spergula arvensis (Caryophyllaceae), a cosmopolitan weed

Hypericum fasciculatum
Hypericum fasciculatum, known as peelbark St. Johnswort or sandweed, is a species of flowering plant in the St. Johnswort family, Hypericaceae, native to the southeastern United States. It is found from eastern North Carolina, south to southern Florida, west to eastern Louisiana. Kew's Plants of the World Online database also notes that it occurs in Cuba, though Cuba is not listed in several other sources. It was first described in 1797 by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

Peelbark St. Johnswort grows in wetlands including wet pine savannas, marshes, cypress ponds, and roadside ditches. It flowers from spring to fall.
WISArD experiment
The Weak Interaction Studies with 32Ar Decay (WISArD) experiment is a permanent experimental setup located in the ISOLDE facility, at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to investigate the weak interaction by looking for beta-delayed protons emitted from a nucleus. In the absence of online isotope production during Long Shutdown 2, the experimental setup has also been used to measure the shape of the beta energy spectrum. A goal of the experiment is to search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) by expanding the existing limits on currents in the weak interaction.

The WISArD experimental setup reutilises the WITCH experiment's superconducting magnet and existing infrastructure.

Conserved current
In physics a conserved current is a current, , that satisfies the continuity equation . The continuity equation represents a conservation law, hence the name.

Indeed, integrating the continuity equation over a volume , large enough to have no net currents through its surface, leads to the conservation lawwhere  is the conserved quantity.

In gauge theories the gauge fields couple to conserved currents. For example, the electromagnetic field couples to the conserved electric current.
Acleris cornana
Acleris cornana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, British Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Brunswick, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Quebec, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin.

The wingspan is 14–16 mm. The forewings are uniform olive grey. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to November.

The larvae feed on Alnus incana and Cornus species (including Cornus canadensis, Cornus racemosa and Cornus sericea).

Cornus canadensis
Cornus canadensis is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to eastern Asia and North America. Common names include Canadian dwarf cornel, Canadian bunchberry, quatre-temps, crackerberry, and creeping dogwood. It is a creeping, rhizomatous perennial growing to about 20 centimetres (8 inches) tall.
Gundagai railway station
Gundagai railway station  is a heritage-listed disused railway station on the closed Tumut railway line at Gundagai, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Whitton. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Tumut and Kunama railway lines
The Tumut (/ˈtjuːmət/) and Kunama railway lines are disused railway lines in the south of New South Wales, Australia. The Tumut line was a 104 kilometres (65 mi) long branch of the Main South line, branching southwards from it at Cootamundra and heading to the town of Tumut. The line served the towns of Tumut and Gundagai, where the line crosses the Murrumbidgee River with a large iron girder bridge and wooden viaduct. Villages on the line included Brawlin, Muttama, Coolac and Tumblong (previously named Adelong Crossing).

The Kunama railway line was a small 35-kilometre (22 mi) branch of the Tumut line, branching from it at Gilmore, 5 kilometres (3 mi) southwest of Tumut, passing through the town of Batlow before ending in Kunama. The branch connection faced towards Tumut.
Southborough, Kent
Southborough is a town and civil parish in the borough of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England.  It lies immediately to the north of the town of Tunbridge Wells and includes the district of High Brooms, with the A26 road passing through it. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 11,124. The town is within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Medway watermills
The Medway and its tributaries and sub-tributaries have been used for over 1,150 years as a source of power. There are over two hundred sites where the use of water power is known.
These uses included corn milling, fulling, paper making, iron smelting, pumping water, making gunpowder, vegetable oil extraction, and electricity generation.
Today, there is just one watermill working for trade. Those that remain have mostly been converted. Such conversions include a garage, dwellings, restaurants, museums and a wedding venue. Some watermills are mere derelict shells, lower walls or lesser remains. Of the majority, there is nothing to be seen.
Nefer-Setekh
Nefer-Setekh (also written Nefersetekh) is the name of an ancient Egyptian high official, who lived and worked either during the late midst of the 2nd or during the beginning of the 3rd dynasty. He became known by his name, which was addressed to the deity Seth.

Set (deity)
Set (/sɛt/; Egyptological: Sutekh - swtẖ ~ stẖ or: Seth /sɛθ/) Ⲥⲏⲧ (Coptic) is a god of deserts, storms, disorder, violence, and foreigners in ancient Egyptian religion.: 269  In Ancient Greek, the god's name is given as Sēth (Σήθ). Set had a positive role where he accompanied Ra on his barque to repel Apep (Apophis), the serpent of Chaos.: 269  Set had a vital role as a reconciled combatant.: 269  He was lord of the Red Land (desert), where he was the balance to Horus' role as lord of the Black Land (fertile land).: 269

In the Osiris myth, Set is portrayed as the usurper who murdered and mutilated his own brother, Osiris. Osiris's sister-wife, Isis, reassembled his corpse and resurrected her dead brother-husband with the help of the goddess Nephthys. The resurrection lasted long enough to conceive his son and heir, Horus. Horus sought revenge upon Set, and many of the ancient Egyptian myths describe their conflicts.
Josep Graells
Josep Graells Esquius (born 1 February 1964) is an Andorran Olympic middle-distance runner. He represented his country in the men's 1500 meters and the men's 800 meters at the 1988 Summer Olympics. His time was a 1:53.34 in the 800, and a 3:52.68 in the 1500 heats.

Graells was the flag bearer for Andorra in the Seoul 1988 opening ceremony.

Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea had an entry list of 59 competitors from 46 nations, with four qualifying heats (59) and two semi-finals (26), before the final (12) took place on Saturday October 1, 1988. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.19 seconds by Peter Rono of Kenya, the nation's first title in the event since 1968 and second overall.
Administration for Children and Families
The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) is a division of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It is headed by the assistant secretary of health and human services for children and families. It has a $49 billion budget for 60 programs that target children, youth and families. These programs include assistance with welfare, child support enforcement, adoption assistance, foster care, child care, and child abuse. The agency employs approximately 1,700 staff, including 1,200 federal employees and 500 contractors, where 60% are based in Washington, DC, with the remaining in regional offices located in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Kansas City (Missouri), Denver, San Francisco, and Seattle.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Anger (downset. song)
"Anger" (also stylized as "Anger!") is a song by American rapcore band downset. It was first released independently as a 7-inch single on Abstract Recordings. The song's lyrics discuss the 1992 Los Angeles riots and police brutality, whilst criticizing gang culture and racism.

"Anger" was instrumental in the band attracting major label interest, and helped them get signed to Mercury Records, who re-released the song as the lead single of the band's 1994 self-titled debut album. Despite not having any chart success, it is regarded as the band's signature song.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Lachenalia orchioides
Lachenalia orchioides, the orchid‑like Cape cowslip, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Lachenalia, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Poels
Poels is a Dutch toponymic surname, originally referring to a location near a pool or small lake. People with this name include:

Jack Poels (born 1957), Dutch singer, guitarist and harmonica player

Marijn Poels (born 1975), Dutch documentary filmmaker and international speaker

Pat Poels (born c. 1968), American professional poker player

Roy Poels (born 1972), Dutch judoka

Twan Poels (born 1963), Dutch road bicycle racer

Wout Poels (born 1987), Dutch road bicycle racer

Twan Poels
Antonius Johannes Petrus Poels (born 27 July 1963 in Oeffelt) is a retired Dutch professional cyclist.

In 1984, Poels rode the road race in the 1984 Summer Olympics as a member of the Dutch team, but did not finish.

Poels became a professional cyclist in 1985 for the Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko team. He stayed with this team (that became Superconfex–Kwantum–Yoko–Colnago in 1987 and Buckler–Colnago–Decca in 1990) until he retired in 1992. He rode the Tour de France five times, finishing every time. After his professional career, he became an estate agent.
Pavel Gevorgyan
Pavel Georgyan (born 8 April 1963 in Azokh, Hadrut region, Nagorno-Karabakh, USSR) is a professor, doctor of science in physics and mathematics, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Head of Department of Mathematical Analysis] of Moscow State Pedagogical University.

Gevorgyan was awarded with the Russian Federation Government Prize in Education (2014).

He is an Honorary Worker of higher professional education of Russian Federation.

Hadrut Province
Hadrut Province (Armenian: Հադրութի շրջան) was a province of the Republic of Artsakh. The provincial capital was Hadrut city. The last governor was Valery Gevorkian. The province was captured by the armed forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

It consisted of most of the Jabrayil District, the western part of the Fuzuli District as well as the southwestern part of the Khojavend District.
Dome (geology)
A dome is a feature in structural geology where a circular part of the Earth's surface has been pushed upward, tilting the pre-existing layers of earth away from the center. In technical terms, it consists of symmetrical anticlines that intersect each other at their respective apices. Intact, domes are distinct, rounded, spherical-to-ellipsoidal-shaped protrusions on the Earth's surface. A slice parallel to Earth's surface of a dome features concentric rings of strata. If the top of a dome has been eroded flat, the resulting structure in plan view appears as a bullseye, with the youngest rock layers at the outside, and each ring growing progressively older moving inwards. These strata would have been horizontal at the time of deposition, then later deformed by the uplift associated with dome formation.

Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (pl.: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum.
Gallipoli Newfoundland Memorial
The Gallipoli Newfoundland Memorial is a war memorial that commemorates the actions of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment during the Gallipoli campaign, of World War I. Located at the southwest end of the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey, near Suvla Bay the memorial commemorates the participation of the Newfoundland Regiment in the landing at Suvla Bay on 20 September 1915 with the 88th Brigade of the 29th Division.

88th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 88th Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army, raised for service in the First World War. It was originally formed from regular army battalions serving away from home in the British Empire. The brigade was assigned to the 29th Division and served on the Western Front and the Gallipoli Campaign and in the Middle East.
Scheherazade.2
Scheherazade.2 is a dramatic symphony for solo violin and orchestra by the American composer John Adams.  The work was jointly commissioned by the New York Philharmonic, the Concertgebouw & the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.  It was written specifically for the violinist Leila Josefowicz, who performed its world premiere with the New York Philharmonic under Alan Gilbert at Avery Fisher Hall on March 26, 2015.

Concertgebouw, Amsterdam
The Royal Concertgebouw (Dutch: het Koninklijk Concertgebouw, pronounced [ət ˈkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəˌbʌu]) is a concert hall in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Dutch term "concertgebouw" translates into English as "concert building". Its superb acoustics place it among the finest concert halls in the world, along with New York's Carnegie Hall, Boston's Symphony Hall and the Musikverein in Vienna.

In celebration of the building's 125th anniversary, Queen Beatrix bestowed the royal title "Koninklijk" upon the building on 11 April 2013, as she had on the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra upon its 100th in 1988.
Supervisory Commission of the 11th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
This electoral term of the Supervisory Commission was elected by the 11th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1978, and was in session until the convocation of the 12th Congress in 1982.

Term of office
A term of office, electoral term, or parliamentary term is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a defined limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a maximum number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office.
Michelle Couttolenc
Michelle Couttolenc is a Mexican sound engineer. She won an Academy Award in the category Best Sound and the BAFTA Award for Best Sound for the film Sound of Metal. Along with fellow nominees Jaime Baksht and Carlos Cortés Navarrete, she became the first Mexican sound engineer who won an Academy Award and the first Mexican woman sound engineer to ever be nominated. She is also the recipient of seven Ariel Awards for Best Sound.

Ariel Award
The Ariel Award (Spanish: Premio Ariel) is an award that recognizes the best of Mexican cinema. Given annually, since 1946, by the Mexican Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences (AMACC), the award recognizes artistical and technical excellence in the Mexican film industry. The purpose of the Ariel recognition is to stimulate and increase the excellence of Mexican cinema, favor the growth of the industry, and promote the meeting and strengthening of the national film community. It is regarded as the most prestigious award in the Mexican film industry and considered Mexico's equivalent to the Oscars of the United States.
Slow Food
Slow Food is an organization that promotes local food and traditional cooking. It was founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy in 1986 and has since spread worldwide. Promoted as an alternative to fast food, it strives to preserve traditional and regional cuisine and encourages farming of plants, seeds, and livestock characteristic of the local ecosystem. It promotes local small businesses and sustainable foods. It also focuses on food quality, rather than quantity. It was the first established part of the broader slow movement. It speaks out against overproduction and food waste. It sees globalization as a process in which small and local farmers and food producers should be simultaneously protected from and included in the global food system.

Michael Pollan
Michael Kevin Pollan (/ˈpɒlən/; born February 6, 1955) is an American journalist who is a professor and the first Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University. Concurrently, he is the Knight Professor of Science and Environmental Journalism and the director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism where in 2020 he co-founded the UC Berkeley Center for the Science of Psychedelics, in which he leads the public-education program. Pollan is best known for his books that explore the socio-cultural impacts of food, such as The Botany of Desire (2001) and The Omnivore's Dilemma (2006).
Ellen Gleditsch
Ellen Gleditsch (29 December 1879 – 5 June 1968) was a Norwegian radiochemist and Norway's second female professor. Starting her career as an assistant to Marie Curie, she became a pioneer in radiochemistry, establishing the half-life of radium and helping demonstrate the existence of isotopes. She was Vice President of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights 1937–1939.

Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃t ʁɑ̃dy də lakademi de sjɑ̃s], Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences), or simply Comptes rendus, is a French scientific journal published since 1835. It is the proceedings of the French Academy of Sciences. It is currently split into seven sections, published on behalf of the Academy until 2020 by Elsevier: Mathématique, Mécanique, Physique, Géoscience, Palévol, Chimie, and Biologies. As of 2020, the Comptes Rendus journals are published by the Academy with a diamond open access model.
Kasouga
Kasouga or Kasuka is a small village in Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

Settlement some 10 km north-east of Kenton-on-Sea, near the mouth of the Kasuka River. The name is derived from Khoekhoen and means 'place of many leopards'. The river name "Kasuka" is a Xhosa adaptation of the word, and has the same meaning.

Xhosa language
Xhosa (/ˈkoʊsə/ KOH-sə, Xhosa: [ᵏǁʰôːsa] ⓘ), formerly spelled Xosa and also known by its local name isiXhosa, is a Bantu language, indigenous to Southern Africa and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8 million people and as a second language in South Africa, particularly in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Gauteng, and also in parts of Zimbabwe and Lesotho. It has perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.
Viarengo
Viarengo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amulio Viarengo (born 1902), Italian racing cyclist

Maria Abbebù Viarengo (born 1949), Ethiopian-born writer

Martina Viarengo, Italian economist

Martina Viarengo
Martina Viarengo is a Professor of international economics at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies of Geneva, Switzerland and a Principal Investigator of the Swiss National Center for Competence in Research. She is a specialist in public policy, labor economics and economic development. Her research focuses on labor markets, comparative education policy and international migration.