hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Egbert of Liège
Egbert of Liège, in Latin: Ecbertus Leodiensis, was an 11th-century educator and author, working at the cathedral school in Liège (in what is now Belgium). His main work, produced around 1023, is an educational collection entitled Fecunda Ratis ("The Richly Laden Ship"), divided into two parts, the "Prora" (Prow), containing proverbs and classical and secular stories, and the "Puppis" (Poop deck) with extracts from biblical and patristic writers. The collection contains the earliest known precursor of the Little Red Riding Hood story, entitled "De puella a lupellis servata". A critical edition of the Fecunda Ratis by Ernst Voigt was published in the series Monumenta Germaniae Historica in 1889. An English translation by Robert Gary Babcock has been published as book 25 in the Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library (Harvard University Press, 2013). An extract describes the origins of the red riding hood:

Poop deck
In naval architecture, a poop deck is a deck that forms the roof of a cabin built in the rear, or  "aft", part of the superstructure of a ship.

The name originates from the French word for stern, poupe, from Latin puppis. Thus the poop deck is technically a stern deck, which in sailing ships was usually elevated as the roof of the stern or "after" cabin, also known as the "poop cabin" (or simply the poop). On sailing ships, the helmsman would steer the craft from the quarterdeck, immediately in front of the poop deck.  At the stern, the poop deck provides an elevated position ideal for observation. While the main purpose of the poop is adding buoyancy to the aft, on a sailing ship the cabin was also used as an accommodation for the shipmaster and officers. On modern, motorized warships, the ship functions which were once carried out on the poop deck have been moved to the bridge, usually located in a superstructure.
Edward J. Nanson
Edward John Nanson (13 December 1850 – 1 July 1936) was a mathematician. He is known in part for his contributions to social choice, including Borda-elimination, a Condorcet-compliant variant on the Borda count that uses repeated elimination to find a winner.

He was born in England and received his professional education at Trinity College from 1870 to 1874.  In 1875, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics at the University of Melbourne, in the state of Victoria, Australia where he immigrated. Nanson was an election reformer and office bearer of the Proportional Representation League of Victoria who produced several booklets on election methods. He retired from his lifetime appointment in 1922. At the time of his death, he was survived by ten children from two marriages. The Professor Nanson Prize, named in his honor, is awarded annually to students for outstanding achievements in mathematics.

Sequential elimination method
The sequential elimination methods are a class of voting systems that repeatedly eliminate the last-place finisher of another voting method until a single candidate remains. The method used to determine the loser is called the base method. Common are the two-round system, instant-runoff voting, and some primary systems.

Instant-runoff voting is a sequential loser method based on plurality voting, while Baldwin's method is a sequential loser method based on the Borda count.
Trofimov reaction
In organic chemistry, the Trofimov reaction is a reaction used to synthesize 2,3-disubstituted pyrroles from ketoximes and acetylene using the superbase medium potassium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction is named after Boris Trofimov who first reported it in the 1970's.

Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S=O. This colorless liquid is the sulfoxide most widely used commercially. It is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. It has a relatively high boiling point. DMSO is metabolised to compounds that leave a garlic-like taste in the mouth after DMSO is absorbed by skin.

In terms of chemical structure, the molecule has idealized Cs symmetry. It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry consistent with other three-coordinate S(IV) compounds, with a nonbonded electron pair on the approximately tetrahedral sulfur atom.
Abdelhakim Bezzaz
Abdelhakim Bezzaz (born October 20, 1992) is an Algerian footballer who currently plays for MSP Batna in the Algerian Ligue 2.

Bezzaz was part of the Algeria national under-17 football team that finished as runner-ups at the 2009 African U-17 Championship and also played at the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

Bezzaz is the nephew of former Algeria international Yacine Bezzaz.

MSP Batna
Mouloudia Sportive Populaire de Batna (Arabic: المولودية الرياضية الشعبية باتنة), known as MSP Batna or simply MSPB for short, is an Algerian football club based in the city of Batna, Algeria. The club was founded in 1962 and its colours are black, green and white. Their home stadium, 1 November 1954 Stadium, has a capacity of 20,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.
Emily Speed
Emily Speed (born 1979, Chester) is an artist based in Liverpool. Her practice spans drawing, sculpture, installation, photography, moving image and performance. It explores the relationship between architecture and the human body. Speed has shown her work at Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Open Eye Gallery (Liverpool) and Tate St Ives, among other places. She has been shortlisted for the Liverpool Art Prize and the Northern Art Prize.

Yorkshire Sculpture Park
The Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) is an art gallery, with both open-air and indoor exhibition spaces, in West Bretton, Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. It shows work by British and international artists, including Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. The sculpture park occupies the 500-acre (200-hectare) parkland of Bretton Hall.
Siri Rathsman
Siri Lovisa Rathsman (July 28, 1895 – July 30, 1974) was a Swedish surrealist artist, printmaker, painter, ceramicist, and journalist who spent much of her life in Paris. She was born in Sundsvall, Sweden and died in the Brännkyrka parish of Stockholm.

Sundsvall
Sundsvall (Swedish: [ˈsɵ̂nː(d)sval] ⓘ), or Sundsvall och Timrå is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden. As of 2023, the city has a population of 70,918; nearly 100,000 live in the municipal area. It is Sweden's 17th largest city by population. The city is widely known for its stone buildings in the city centre, known as "Stenstaden".
Argel (river)
The Argel (in its upper course also: Rădvanu) is a right tributary of the river Moldovița in Romania. It flows into the Moldovița in the village Argel. Its length is 13 km (8.1 mi), and its basin size is 46 km2 (18 sq mi).

Moldovița
Moldovița is a commune located in Suceava County, Bukovina, northeastern Romania. It is composed of four villages, namely: Argel (German: Ardzel), Demăcușa, Moldovița, and Rașca.

A Latin-rite Catholic Diocese of Moldovița existed here from 1418 to 1550.
2013 Army Black Knights football team
The 2013 Army Black Knights football team represented the United States Military Academy as an independent in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Black Knights were led by fifth-year head coach Rich Ellerson and played their home games at Michie Stadium. Following the loss to Navy on December 14 and finishing the season 3–9, Ellerson was fired.

2013 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 2013 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy as an independent in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Midshipmen were led by sixth-year head coach Ken Niumatalolo and played their home games at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium.
Piława Dolna
Piława Dolna [piˈwava ˈdɔlna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierżoniów, within Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is situated on the Piława River.

Dzierżoniów County
Dzierżoniów County (Polish: powiat dzierżoniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Dzierżoniów, and it also contains four other towns: Bielawa, Niemcza, Pieszyce and Piława Górna. The county covers an area of 478.3 square kilometres (184.7 sq mi).

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 101,118. This figure breaks down as follows: Dzierżoniów 33,239, Bielawa 29,971, Pieszyce 7,123, Piława Górna 6,412, Niemcza 2,965, rural areas 21,408.
2007 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Singles
Mikhail Youzhny defeated Ivan Ljubičić in the final, 6–2, 6–4. He saved three match points en route to the title, in the semifinals against Novak Djokovic.

Radek Štěpánek was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Philipp Kohlschreiber.

Philipp Kohlschreiber
Philipp Eberhard Hermann Kohlschreiber (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlɪp ˈkoːlʃʁaɪbɐ]; born 16 October 1983) is a German former professional tennis player. The right-hander won eight singles and seven doubles titles on the ATP World Tour and made the quarterfinals at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 16 in July 2012.
Mohindroo
Mohindroo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Pankaj Mohindroo

Chelsea Mohindroo of The JMU Overtones and The Voice (American season 4)

Sanjay Mohindroo, see Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games

Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
A number of concerns and controversies surfaced before the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi, India, which received widespread media coverage both in India (the host nation) and the rest of the world.

The Commonwealth Games was severely criticised by several prominent Indian politicians and social activists because millions of dollars have been spent on the sporting event despite the fact that India has one of the world's largest concentration of poor people. Additionally, several other problems related to the 2010 Commonwealth Games have been highlighted by Indian investigative agencies and media outlets; these include – serious corruption by officials of the Games'.
Cart (film)
Cart (Korean: 카트) is a 2014 South Korean drama film directed by Boo Ji-young about employees of a retail supermarket who band together when the contract workers are laid off, it is both an ensemble drama and a social critique.

It made its world premiere in the City to City: Seoul sidebar of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. Cart will also screen at the 19th Busan International Film Festival and the 34th Hawaii International Film Festival.

Social commentary
Social commentary is the act of using rhetorical means to provide commentary on social, cultural, political, or economic issues in a society. This is often done with the idea of implementing or promoting change by informing the general populace about a given problem and appealing to people's sense of justice. Social commentary can be practiced through all forms of communication, from printed form, to conversations to computerized communication, including visual arts, photography, literature, public speaking, music, film, television, comic strips, and digital media.  Examples range from visual art like graffiti addressing social issues, photography documenting humanitarian crises, literary and film works critiquing social injustices, dystopian fiction exploring societal control, rap music highlighting racial and economic disparities, to internet-based platforms fostering open discussions.
2015 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Vicenza – Doubles
Andrej Martin and Igor Zelenay are the defending champions, but Martin did not return to defend his title. Zelenay plays alongside Mateusz Kowalczyk, they lost already in the first round to Guido Andreozzi and Nicolás Jarry.

Facundo Bagnis and Guido Pella won the tournament, defeating Italians Salvatore Caruso and Federico Gaio in the final.

Federico Gaio
Federico Gaio (Italian pronunciation: [fedeˈriːko ˈɡaːjo]; born 5 March 1992) is an Italian  tennis coach and a former professional player. He reached his career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 124 in February 2020. He reached a career high in doubles of No. 163 on 2 November 2020, following his maiden ATP doubles final at the 2020 Rio Open partnering Salvatore Caruso.

He competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF circuit. 
He won four Challenger and nine ITF futures singles and three Challenger and four ITF futures doubles titles.
Colt Anaconda
The Colt Anaconda is a large frame double-action revolver featuring a full length under-barrel ejection-rod lug and six round cylinder, designed and produced by the Colt's Manufacturing Company in 1990. Chambered for the powerful .44 Magnum and .45 Colt centerfire ammunition cartridges, the Anaconda marked the Hartford, Connecticut firm's first foray into the popular large-bore Magnum pistol market.

Gauge (firearms)
The gauge (in American English; known as bore in Commonwealth English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) and other necessary parameters to define in general a smoothbore barrel (compare to caliber, which defines a barrel with rifling and its cartridge).

The gauge of a shotgun is a list that includes all necessary data to define a functional barrel. For example, the dimension of the chamber, the shotgun bore dimension, the valid proof load, and commercial ammunition, as defined globally by the C.I.P.; defined in Great Britain by the Rules, regulations and scales applicable to the proof of small arms (2006) of The London Proof House and The Birmingham Proof House, as referred in the Gun Barrel Proof Act 1978, Paragraph 6; and defined in the United States by SAAMI Z299.2 – 2019.
Buzz Bombers
Buzz Bombers is a fixed shooter video game developed by Mattel Electronics for its Intellivision system and released in 1983. Mattel's reaction to Atari's popular Centipede, the player controls a can of bug spray trying to ward off swarms of bees.

Intellivision
The Intellivision (a portmanteau of "intelligent television") is a home video game console released by Mattel Electronics in 1979. It distinguished itself from competitors with more realistic sports and strategic games. By 1981, Mattel Electronics had close to 20% of the domestic video game market, selling more than 3.75 million consoles and 20 million cartridges through 1983. At its peak, Mattel Electronics had about 1,800 employees in several countries, including 110 videogame developers. In 1984, Mattel sold its video game assets to a former Mattel Electronics executive and investors, eventually becoming INTV Corporation. Game development ran from 1978 to 1990, when the Intellivision was discontinued.

In 2009, IGN ranked the Intellivision No. 14 on their list of the greatest video game consoles of all time.
Heaton Castle
Heaton Castle (anciently Heton) in the parish of Cornhill-on-Tweed, Northumberland, England, is a ruined historic castle near the Scottish border.

It is situated in an elevated position above the south bank of the River Till, 4 miles north-east of Coldstream and 9 miles south-west of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and 2 miles south-east of the River Tweed, the historic border with Scotland.. The castle was slighted in 1496 by King James IV of Scotland, but remnants survive as parts of the walls of outbuildings of a farm now known as Castle Heaton.

River Tweed
The River Tweed, or Tweed Water (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Thuaidh /ɯʃgʲə huəj/) is a river 97 miles (156 km) long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England.  Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the River Tweed. The Tweed is one of the great salmon rivers of Britain and the only river in England where an Environment Agency rod licence is not required for angling. The river generates a large income for the local borders region, attracting anglers from all around the world.
Demo Anthology
Demo Anthology is a 2007 collection of hits and previously unreleased demos by the rock band Winger. The demo material is taken from recording sessions of the debut album Winger (1988) up to Pull (1993).

"Hour of Need" was rewritten by the band, and eventually surfaced as "In My Veins" on the album Pull. "Star Tripper" was reworked and was turned into "Baptized by Fire" on the album In the Heart of the Young. "Give Me More" was also rewritten, and eventually surfaced as "Hell to Pay" on the Japanese version of Pull. This track is also included on the 2001 compilation The Very Best of Winger.

Winger (band)
Winger is an American rock band formed in New York City, New York, in 1987. Winger gained popularity during the late 1980s and early 1990s with two platinum albums, Winger and In the Heart of the Young, along with charting singles "Seventeen", "Headed for a Heartbreak" and "Miles Away". In 1990, the band was nominated for an American Music Award for "Best New Heavy Metal Band". As the music scene changed in the early to mid-1990s due to the popularity of grunge, their success faded following their third release, 1993's Pull. Winger disbanded less than a year later in 1994.

In 2001, Winger reunited and conducted several successful tours. In 2006, the band's 1993 touring lineup (minus Paul Taylor but including John Roth) reunited to record the band's first studio album in over 13 years, IV, and toured in support of the album into 2008. In 2009, the band released their fifth album, Karma, followed by Better Days Comin' in 2014. Their most recent album, Seven, was released in 2023.
Coulter counter
A Coulter counter is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes. The Coulter counter is the commercial term for the technique known as resistive pulse sensing or electrical zone sensing. The apparatus is based on the Coulter principle named after its inventor, Wallace H. Coulter.

A typical Coulter counter has one or more microchannels that separate two chambers containing electrolyte solutions. As fluid that contains particles or cells is drawn through the microchannels, each particle causes a brief change to the electrical resistance of the liquid. The counter detects these changes in the electrical resistance.

Microchannel (microtechnology)
Microchannel in microtechnology is a channel with a hydraulic diameter below 1 mm, usually 1–99 μm. Microchannels are used in fluid control (see Microfluidics), heat transfer (see Micro heat exchanger) and cell migration observation. They are more efficient than their 'macro' counterparts, because of a high surface-area to volume ratio yet pose a multitude of challenges due to their small size.
Alan Banaszek
Alan Banaszek (born 30 October 1997) is a Polish cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Mazowsze Serce Polski. His cousins Adrian Banaszek and Norbert Banaszek are also professional cyclists with the Mazowsze Serce Polski team.

Memoriał Andrzeja Trochanowskiego
The Memoriał Andrzeja Trochanowskiego (Andrzej Trochanowski Memorial) is a one-day cycling race held annually on 1 May in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. It was first held in 1989 and since 2005 has been part of the UCI Europe Tour as a 1.2 race beginning in Płońsk. The race is named after Andrzej Trochanowski, coach of Legia Warsaw and of the Polish national team.

In 2020 and 2021, it did not take place due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women
The Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women was established by The Scottish Association for the Medical Education of Women whose leading members included John Inglis, the father  of Elsie Inglis. Elsie Inglis went on to become a leader in the suffrage movement and found the Scottish Women's Hospital organisation in World War I, but when  the college was founded she was still a medical student.  Her father, John Inglis, had been a senior civil servant in India, where he had championed the cause of education for women. On his return to Edinburgh he became a supporter of medical education for women and used his influence to help establish the college.  The college was founded in 1889 at a time when women were not admitted to university medical schools in the UK, with the sole exception of London University.

Robert Christison
Sir Robert Christison, 1st Baronet, FRSE, FRCSE, FRCPE (18 July 1797 – 27 January 1882) was a Scottish toxicologist and physician who served as president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1838–40 and 1846–8) and as president of the British Medical Association (1875). He was the first person to describe renal anaemia.
Earth system interactions across mountain belts
Earth system interactions across mountain belts are interactions between processes occurring in the different systems or "spheres" of the Earth, as these influence and respond to each other through time. Earth system interactions involve processes occurring at the atomic to planetary scale which create linear and non-linear feedback(s) involving multiple Earth systems. This complexity makes modelling Earth system interactions difficult because it can be unclear how processes of different scales within the Earth interact to produce larger scale processes which collectively represent the dynamics of the Earth as an intricate interactive adaptive system.

Denudation
Denudation is the geological process in which moving water, ice, wind, and waves erode the Earth's surface, leading to a reduction in elevation and in relief of landforms and landscapes. Although the terms erosion and denudation are used interchangeably, erosion is the transport of soil and rocks from one location to another, and denudation is the sum of processes, including erosion, that result in the lowering of Earth's surface. Endogenous processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and tectonic uplift can expose continental crust to the exogenous processes of weathering, erosion, and mass wasting. The effects of denudation have been recorded for millennia but the mechanics behind it have been debated for the past 200 years and have only begun to be understood in the past few decades.
Cadillac SRX
The Cadillac SRX is a mid-size luxury SUV and compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Cadillac over two generations: the first generation as a five-door, three-row, seven-passenger CUV (2003–2009), and the second generation as a five-door, two-row, five-passenger CUV (2010–2016) – the latter became Cadillac's best selling model in the United States.

Mid-size car
Mid-size, also known as intermediate, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars. "Large family car" is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in the European car classification. Mid-size cars are manufactured in a variety of body styles, including sedans, coupes, station wagons, hatchbacks, and convertibles. Compact executive cars can also fall under the mid-size category.