hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Synovial joint
A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. This joint unites long bones and permits free bone movement and greater mobility. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer of fibrous membrane, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid.

They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body. As with most other joints, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones. They originated 400 million years ago in the first jawed vertebrates.

Periosteum
The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) of long bones. (At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.) Endosteum lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity of all long bones.
Souza's shrike
Souza's shrike (Lanius souzae) is a species of passerine bird in the family Laniidae, the shrikes. It is thought to be a mainly sedentary species that is found in miombo woodland in southern central Africa. It was named after Portuguese zoologist José Augusto de Sousa (1836–1889).

Shrike
Shrikes (/ʃraɪk/) are passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family is composed of 34 species in two genera.

The family name, and that of the larger genus, Lanius, is derived from the Latin word for "butcher", and some shrikes are also known as butcherbirds because of the habit, particularly of males, of impaling prey onto plant spines within their territories. These larders have multiple functions, attracting females and serving as food stores.

The common English name shrike is from Old English scrīc, alluding to the shrike's shriek-like call.
HMS Terrible
Eight vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Terrible:

HMS Terrible (1694), 26-gun sixth rate captured by the Spanish near Cape Saint Vincent

HMS Terrible (1730), 14-gun bomb vessel

HMS Terrible (1747), 74-gun third rate captured from the French

HMS Terrible (1762), 74-gun third rate

HMS Terrible (1785), 74-gun third rate

HMS Terrible (1845), wooden-hulled paddle frigate

HMS Terrible (1895), a Powerful-class protected cruiser

HMS Terrible (R93), an aircraft carrier launched in 1944 and sold to Australia in 1947, where it was renamed HMAS Sydney

Ship
A ship  is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

The word ship has meant, depending on era and context, either simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged.

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BC. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), oil tankers (28%) and container ships (14%).
Araki (restaurant)
Araki (Japanese: あら輝, Hepburn: Araki) was a sushi restaurant operated by Japanese chef Mitsuhiro Araki in the Ginza area of Tokyo, Japan. It received three Michelin stars, the highest possible rating, in 2011. Described as "Japan's most difficult restaurant to make a booking at", it was known for its seafood and for showcasing Japanese culture, with staff members often wearing traditional clothes. The average cost was around ¥62,160 (approximately $400) per person.

The restaurant closed in February 2013, when Araki left for London in preparation for the opening of its successor The Araki in October 2014. The London restaurant also received three Michelin stars, but lost all three in 2020 following Araki's departure for Hong Kong.

Ginza
Ginza (/ˈɡɪnzə/ GHIN-zə; Japanese: 銀座 [ɡindza]) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and Uchisaiwaichō, and north of Shinbashi. It is a popular upscale shopping area of Tokyo, with numerous internationally renowned department stores, boutiques, restaurants and coffeehouses located in the vicinity.

Ginza was a part of the old Kyobashi ward of Tokyo City, which, together with Nihonbashi and Kanda, formed the core of Shitamachi, the original downtown center of Edo (Tokyo).
Aziziyah, Hama
Al-Aziziyah (Arabic: العزيزية)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Aziziyeh, Hama had a population of 533 in the 2004 census. During Syria Civil War, Al-Aziziyah was captured by ISIS from Opposition, then on 6 February 2018, Al-Aziziyah was liberated by SAA.

Hama District
Hama District (Arabic: منطقة حماة Ḥamā) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the time of the 2023 Census, it had a population of 1,054,000 Its administrative centre is the city of Hama. It is now controlled by the Syrian transitional government
Flat Willow Colony, Montana
Flat Willow Colony is a Hutterite community and census-designated place (CDP) in Musselshell County, Montana, United States. It is in the northern part of the county, 5 miles (8 km) east of U.S. Route 87 and 25 miles (40 km) north-northeast of Roundup, the Musselshell county seat.

The community was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census, at which time it had a population of 15.

U.S. Route 87
U.S. Highway 87 (US 87) is a north–south United States highway (though it is signed east–west in New Mexico) that runs for 2,005 miles (3,227 km) from northern Montana to southern Texas, making it the longest north–south road to not have a "1" in its number and the third longest north–south road in the country, behind U.S. 41 and U.S. 1. Most of the portion from Billings, Montana to Raton, New Mexico is co-signed along Interstates 90 and 25. It is also co-signed along the majority of I-27 in Texas and future plans call for the interstate to be extended along the US 87 corridor. As of 2004, the highway's northern terminus is in Havre, Montana, at US 2 and its southern terminus is in Port Lavaca, Texas, at SH 238.
Milton, Nottinghamshire
53°15′03″N 0°56′05″W﻿ / ﻿53.250924°N 0.934632°W﻿ / 53.250924; -0.934632

Milton is a hamlet in Nottinghamshire. It is part of West Markham civil parish, a short distance northwest of West Markham and southwest of Sibthorpe.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
Kabimoi
Kabimoi is a settlement in Kenya's Baringo County in Koibatek District, Eldama Ravine Sub-County. It is home to the late President Daniel arap Moi's 180-acre Kabimoi Farm where his wife, former First Lady Lena Moi, lived from 1974 until her death in 2004.

Kabimoi is a relatively small township with a few shops mostly located on the Eldama Ravine - Nakuru Highway. The distance from Kabimoi to the headquarter town of Eldama Ravine is approximately 10 Kilometres. Kabimoi is one of small towns in Baringo that are developing rapidly.

President of Kenya
The president of the Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kenya) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Kenya. The president is also the head of the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The country's current president is William Ruto since 13 September 2022.
Choi Tae-joon
Choi Tae-joon (Korean: 최태준, born July 7, 1991) is a South Korean actor, model and TV host born in Seoul. He first gained recognition as a child actor in the drama Piano (2001), and TV movies about student youth situations. He won two Korea Drama Awards, "Best Young Actor" 2014 for the drama All About My Mom, and "Best Villain" 2017 for his villainous co-star role in the disaster-mystery drama Missing 9. Also, he won another Award for "Best Character" 2017 at the Asia Artist Awards. He has since taken on lead roles in melodrama Exit (2018) and the famous and popular romcom TV drama So I Married the Anti-fan (2021).

SBS Drama Awards
The SBS Drama Awards (Korean: SBS 연기대상; RR: SBS Yeongidaesang), also known as SBS Awards Festival, is an awards ceremony presented annually by Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) for outstanding achievements in Korean dramas aired on its network. It is held annually on December 31. The highest honor of the ceremony is the "Grand Prize" (대상; Daesang), awarded to the best actor or actress of the year.
Pytowice
Pytowice [pɨtɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamieńsk, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Kamieńsk, 15 km (9 mi) north of Radomsko, and 65 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Mirosław Ziętarski
Mirosław Ziętarski (born 9 March 1993) is a Polish rower. He competed at the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics, in the men's quadruple sculls and men's double sculls events, respectively.

At the 2024 Summer Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the quadruple sculls.

Rowing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's quadruple sculls
The men's quadruple sculls competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held from 6 to 11 August at the Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas.

The medals for the competition were presented by James Tomkins, Australia, member of the International Olympic Committee, and the gifts were presented by Patrick Rombaut, Belgium, Member of the Executive Committee of the International Rowing Federation.
Wheeler Boys
Wheeler Boys (born September 22, 1982) is a Canadian professional dirt track and stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 50 for Boys Will Be Boys Racing.

Dirt track racing
Dirt track racing is a form of motorsport held on clay or dirt surfaced banked oval racetracks. Dirt track racing started in the United States before World War I and became widespread during the 1920s and 1930s using both automobiles and motorcycles, spreading throughout Japan and often running on horse racing tracks. There are a myriad of types of race cars used, from open wheel Sprint cars and Modifieds to stock cars. While open wheel race cars are purpose-built racing vehicles, stock cars (also known as fendered cars) can be either purpose-built race cars or street vehicles that have been modified to varying degrees. There are hundreds of local and regional racetracks throughout the United States and also throughout Japan. The sport is also popular in Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom.
1869 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1869.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
1983 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Women's singles
Fourth-seeded Virginia Ruzici was the defending champion but went out in the semifinals to Andrea Temesvári.
Top-seed Temesvári won the final and $34,000 first prize money by defeating Zina Garrison in the final.

Andrea Temesvári
Andrea Temesvári (born 26 April 1966) is a Hungarian former professional tennis player. She won the Italian Open at age sixteen, but injuries would later hamper her career.

Born in Budapest, Temesvári began playing tennis at age nine. She was coached by her father, Otto Temesvári, and Ferenc Polyak.
Finsbury Park Mosque
The Finsbury Park Mosque, also known as the North London Central Mosque, is a five-storey mosque located next to Finsbury Park station close to Arsenal Football Club's Emirates Stadium, in the London Borough of Islington. It serves the local community in Islington and the surrounding boroughs of North London, and it is registered as a charity in England.

The mosque gained national attention when Abu Hamza al-Masri, a radical preacher convicted of terrorism, became its imam in 1997. In 2003, the mosque was closed by its trustees following an anti-terrorist police raid, and re-opened in 2005 under new leadership.

Finsbury Park station
Finsbury Park (/ˈfɪnzbri ˈpɑːk/) is an intermodal interchange station in North London for London Underground, National Rail and London Buses services. The station, which is in London fare zone 2, is the third busiest Underground station outside zone 1, with over 33 million passengers using the station in 2019.
Lyclene obtusilinea
Lyclene obtusilinea is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 2001. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of upper montane forests.

The length of the forewings is 10–11 mm for males and 12–13 mm for females.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Epimerox
Epimerox is an experimental broad-spectrum antibiotic compound being developed by scientists at the  Rockefeller University and Astex Pharmaceuticals. It is a small molecule inhibitor compound that blocks the activity of the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, an epimerase enzyme that is called 2-epimerase for short.

Broad-spectrum antibiotic
A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. These medications are used when a bacterial infection is suspected but the group of bacteria is unknown (also called empiric therapy) or when infection with multiple groups of bacteria is suspected. This is in contrast to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, which is effective against only a specific group of bacteria. Although powerful, broad-spectrum antibiotics pose specific risks, particularly the disruption of native, normal bacteria and the development of antimicrobial resistance. An example of a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic is ampicillin.
Horace Notice
Horace G. Notice (born 7 August 1957) is an English  amateur and professional heavyweight boxer of the 1980s who as an amateur won the 1983 ABA Heavyweight Championship boxing out of the Nechells Green ABC (Birmingham).

As a professional, Notice won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) British heavyweight title, and Commonwealth heavyweight title, his professional fighting weight varied from 196 lb, to 212 lb. After defending both his British and Commonwealth heavyweight titles against Hughroy Currie, a retinal detachment prematurely ended his boxing career, and ruined his plans of a next defence. Notice said: "His only regrets were not fighting for a EBU title and facing the man that Frank Bruno avoided, David Pearce".

European Boxing Union
The European Boxing Union (EBU), formerly known as the International Boxing Union (IBU), is a pan-European governing body that sanctions championship bouts in professional boxing. The EBU governs the EBU European Championship, in addition to their EBU EU Championship for competitors from within the European Union and the EBU EE Championship for those outside the European Union. It is a federation affiliated with the World Boxing Council (WBC).

During most of the 20th century and, particularly, during start of the century, the EBU recognized many world title fights as the IBU. It competed against the American-based National Boxing Association (NBA), which staged the more high profile world title fights.
Spilt Milk (festival)
Spilt Milk is an Australian music festival first held exclusively in Canberra in 2016 before expanding to Ballarat in 2019, Gold Coast in 2022, and Perth in 2023.

Spilt Milk was established by Kicks Entertainment and has sold out within hours every single year of launching.

The festival is normally held in November and December each year, although the 2020, 2021 and 2024 festivals did not go ahead, the former two due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and the latter related to financial costs and fluctuating ticket sales, though the 2024 edition was able to run as smaller "House Party" events instead.

Peach PRC
Sharlee Jade "Shaylee" Curnow (born 2 April 1997), known professionally as Peach PRC, is an Australian pop singer, songwriter, and social media personality. Her major label debut single "Josh" was released in early 2021, which peaked at number 38 on the ARIA Singles Chart. Peach is a prominent figure on the social media platform TikTok, where she posts content about her life, living with borderline personality disorder, self-care advice, overcoming addiction, and her music.
Raffaele Maffei
Raffaele (or Raffaello) Maffei OSM (17 February 1451 – 25 January 1522) was an Italian humanist, historian and theologian; and member of the Servite Order. He was a native of Volterra, Italy, and therefore is called Raphael Volaterranus or Raphael of Volterra; also Maffeus Volaterranus, or Raffaele Volterrano. Raffaele Maffei wrote the Commentaria Urbana, which was an encyclopedia divided into three parts.

During his lifetime, Raffaele Maffei was in contact with many humanist philosophers including Pico della Mirandola, Angelo Poliziano, and Michele Marullo. He had an amicable relationship with the Florentine Lorenzo de' Medici, despite Antonio Maffei's involvement in the Pazzi conspiracy. Raffaele and his brother Mario were close to the first Medici pope, Pope Leo X. When Raffaele left the Papal Curia, he remained aware of Roman events due to his correspondence with family members working in Rome. He was known in the Italian Peninsula and widely in Europe for his humanist writings.

Pazzi conspiracy
The Pazzi conspiracy (Italian: Congiura dei Pazzi) was a failed plot by members of the Pazzi family and others to displace the Medici family as rulers of Renaissance Florence.: 151

On 26 April 1478 (Easter Sunday) there was an attempt to assassinate Lorenzo de' Medici and his brother Giuliano. Lorenzo was wounded but survived; Giuliano was killed.

More than eighty people implicated in the plot were executed, some by hanging from the windows of the Palazzo della Signoria. The surviving Pazzi family members were banished from Florence.
Meoni
Meoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Fabrizio Meoni (1957–2005), Italian off-road and rallying motorcycle racer

Giovanni Meoni, Italian operatic baritone

Marco Meoni (born 1973), Italian volleyball player

Mario Meoni (1965–2021), Argentine politician

Mario Meoni
Mario Andrés Meoni (22 January 1965 – 23 April 2021) was an Argentine politician who served as Minister of Transport from 2019 until his death in 2021. He had previously served as intendente (mayor) of Junín, a partido in Buenos Aires Province, from 2003 to 2015.
Zathura (video game)
Zathura is an action-adventure game developed by High Voltage Software and published by 2K for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2005. The game is based on the 2005 film Zathura: A Space Adventure, which, in turn, is an adaptation of the 2002 children's book Zathura by Chris Van Allsburg. The game was released on November 3, 2005, in North America, coinciding with the then-upcoming film's release on November 11. A Game Boy Advance version was planned, but was later canceled.

Chris Van Allsburg
Chris Van Allsburg (born June 18, 1949) is an American writer and illustrator of children's books. He has won two Caldecott Medals for U.S. picture book illustration, for Jumanji (1981) and The Polar Express (1985), both of which he also wrote, and were later adapted as successful motion pictures. He was also a Caldecott runner-up in 1980 for The Garden of Abdul Gasazi. For his contribution as a children's illustrator, he was a 1986 U.S. nominee for the biennial International Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest international recognition for creators of children's books. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Michigan in April 2012.