hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GWR 4600 Class
The 4600 Class was a 4-4-2T steam locomotive built by the Great Western Railway in 1913. It was one of the GWR standard classes with two outside cylinders.

It was designed as light suburban locomotive, based on the successful 4500 class 2-6-2T engines. Compared with these, it had larger (and fewer) coupled wheels, intended to allow higher speeds with local trains. The only example built spent most of its career in the Birmingham area, and was not considered a success. The limited adhesion and restricted tank capacity meant that it did not improve on the 4500 class, and the larger 2-6-2T classes handled the suburban traffic better. It was moved to western Wales in 1918 for use on the lines to Pembroke Dock and Neyland. It was withdrawn and scrapped in 1925.

4-4-2 (locomotive)
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-4-2 represents a configuration of a four-wheeled leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels supporting part of the weight of the boiler and firebox. This allows a larger firebox and boiler than the 4-4-0 configuration.

This wheel arrangement is commonly known as the Atlantic type, although it is also sometimes called a Milwaukee or 4-4-2 Milwaukee, after the Milwaukee Road, which employed it in high speed passenger service.
Imperialist competitive algorithm
In computer science, imperialist competitive algorithms are a type of computational method used to solve optimization problems of different types.  Like most of the methods in the area of evolutionary computation, ICA does not need the gradient of the function in its optimization process. From a specific point of view, ICA can be thought of as the social counterpart of genetic algorithms (GAs). ICA is the mathematical model and the computer simulation of human social evolution, while GAs are based on the biological evolution of species.

Optimization problem
In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:

An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set.

A problem with continuous variables is known as a continuous optimization, in which an optimal value from a continuous function must be found. They can include constrained problems and multimodal problems.
TYM Guitars
TYM Guitars is a manufacturer of custom guitars and bass guitar based in Brisbane, Australia, as well as custom instruments the company also repairs, restores, refinishes vintage instruments. The line of custom guitars and basses built by TYM Guitars are influenced by manufacturers such as Mosrite, Rickenbacker, Epiphone, Danelectro, Fender and other models from the 1950s and 1960s, with several replicas and hybrids between different models being built to fit customer demand. TYM Guitars also has a retail shop that sells new and secondhand instruments and accessories from their own line of products and other manufacturers.

Rickenbacker
Rickenbacker International Corporation is a string instrument manufacturer based in Santa Ana, California, United States. Rickenbacker is the first known maker of electric guitars, having introduced an electric lap steel guitar in 1932, and produces a range of electric guitar and bass guitar models.
Ramboldia gowardiana
Ramboldia gowardiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramboldiaceae. First discovered in 2003 in Montana, United States, it typically appears as a grayish or greenish crust on tree bark, particularly on conifers like pines and firs. The lichen is characterised by its small, bright red to orange-red reproductive structures (apothecia) visible on its surface. R. gowardiana is found in dry, temperate forests from Alaska to California, often at elevations between 300 and 1,400 meters (about 980 to 4,600 feet). Initially classified in a different genus, it was reclassified as Ramboldia in 2008 based on genetic studies. This lichen is part of the biodiversity of the Pacific Northwest region of North America.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Glycyrrhiza inflata
Glycyrrhiza inflata is a Chinese plant species in the genus Glycyrrhiza,  A related species, G. uralensis, however, is more likely the licorice species one finds in traditional Chinese medicine.

Licochalcone A, licochalcone B and licochalcone D are chalconoids isolated from root of G. inflata as well as glycyrrhizin.

Glycyrrhizin
Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid  or glycyrrhizinic acid) is the chief sweet-tasting constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root. Structurally, it is a saponin used as an emulsifier and gel-forming agent in foodstuffs and cosmetics. Its aglycone is enoxolone.
Chromium(II) acetylacetonate
Chromium(II) acetylacetonate is the coordination compound with the formula Cr(O2C5H7)2. It is the homoleptic acetylacetonate complex of chromium(II). It is an air-sensitive, paramagnetic yellow-brown solid. According to X-ray crystallography, the Cr center is square planar.  In contrast to the triplet ground state for this complex, the bis(pyridine) adduct features noninnocent acac2- ligand attached to Cr(III).

Chromium(II) acetylacetonate is prepared by treating chromous acetate with acetylacetone:

Cr2(O2CCH3)4(H2O)2  +  4 H2C(COCH3)2   →   2 Cr(CH3C(O)CHC(O)CH3)2  +  8 HO2CCH3  +  2 H2O

Non-innocent ligand
In chemistry, a (redox) non-innocent ligand is a ligand in a metal complex where the oxidation state is not 
clear. Typically, complexes containing non-innocent ligands are redox active at mild potentials.  The concept assumes that redox reactions in metal complexes are either metal or ligand localized, which is a simplification, albeit a useful one.

C.K. Jørgensen first described ligands as "innocent" and "suspect": "Ligands are innocent when they allow oxidation states of the central atoms to be defined. The simplest case of a suspect ligand is NO..."
Kvartsytne
Kvartsytne (Ukrainian: Кварцитне), formerly known as Pershotravneve (Ukrainian: Першотравневе) is a rural settlement in Korosten Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. Population: 2,326 (2022 estimate) In 2011, the population was 2,620.

Korosten Raion
Korosten Raion (Ukrainian: Коростенський район) is a raion (district) of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is Korosten. The raion covers an area of 10,897.6 square kilometres (4,207.6 mi2).  It makes Korosten raion the largest by area in Ukraine. Population: 251,208 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zhytomyr Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Korosten Raion was significantly expanded.  Before the expansion, the area of the raion was 865.2 square kilometres (334.1 mi2). The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 25,297 (2020 est.).
Soriyankuppam
Soriyankuppam is a village in Bahour Commune of Bahour taluk  in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India. Soriyankuppam serves as a bypass for Puducherry - Panruti route via Savadi. It lies on southern tip of Bahour Enclave of Puducherry district.

Bahour commune
Bahour is one of 5 Communes in Pondicherry district in the Indian territory of Puducherry. Bahour Commune comes under Bahour taluk  of Puducherry district. Nettapakkam is another commune under Bahour taluk.
Parrs Wood
Parrs Wood is an area of East Didsbury, in south Manchester, England.

It was formerly the estate surrounding Parrs Wood House, an 18th-century Georgian villa.

Today the area incorporates part of Wilmslow Road and is home to Parrs Wood High School and Sixth Form Centre, a Tesco supermarket, and Parrs Wood Entertainment Centre.

Parrs Wood High School
Parrs Wood High School is a coeducational secondary school in East Didsbury, Manchester, England, located off Wilmslow Road behind Parrs Wood Entertainment Complex. It educates pupils from the age of 11 to 18 years. A-Levels are taught at the Parrs Wood Sixth Form Centre, which is integrated with the main school.
Tomchei Shabbos
Tomchei Shabbos is the name for several Jewish charities in different communities, which are not all affiliated with one another.  The Hebrew name means "supporters of the Sabbath."  Thus, the charity's mission is to provide food and other supplies so that poor Jews can celebrate the Sabbath and the Jewish holidays.

Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: יָמִים טוֹבִים, romanized: yāmīm ṭōvīm, lit. 'Good Days', or singular Hebrew: יוֹם טוֹב‎ Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]), are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from four sources: mitzvot ("biblical commandments"), rabbinic mandates, the history of Judaism, and the State of Israel.

Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar. Each holiday can only occur on certain days of the week, four for most, but five for holidays in Tevet and Shevat and six for Hanukkah (see Days of week on Hebrew calendar).
1965 Israel Super Cup
The 1965 Israel Super Cup was the third Israel Super Cup, an annual Israeli football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup. As the match was not set by the Israel Football Association, it was considered an unofficial cup. The cup for this edition was donated by Ramat Gan Municipality.

Liga Leumit
The Israeli Liga Leumit (Hebrew: הליגה הלאומית, HaLiga HaLeumit, lit. 'National League') is the second division of the professional Israeli association football (soccer) league system. This second-tier league is placed directly below the Israeli Premier League.
Šimunić
Šimunić is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anđelka Bego-Šimunić (born 1941), Bosnian-Herzegovinian composer

Boštjan Šimunič (born 1974), Slovenian triple jumper

Josip Šimunić (born 1978), Croatian footballer

Tajana Šimunić Rosing, American computer scientist and computer engineer

Vladimir Šimunić (1919–1993), Croatian footballer

Anđelka Bego-Šimunić
Anđelka Bego-Šimunić (23 October 1941 – 9 February 2022) was a Bosnian-Herzegovinian composer of Croatian descent. She taught at the Sarajevo Music Academy in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

She studied composition at the academy under Ivan Brkanović and Miroslav Špiler, earning a master's degree in 1973. Afterwards, she taught theory at the secondary music school in Sarajevo. She joined the staff of the academy in 1975, and later became assistant (1985) and full professor at the academy, where her students include Igor Karaca. From 1986 to 1992 she was president of the Bosnian composers’ association (1986–1992) and one of the principal organizers of the Days of Musical Creation festival.

Her music is mostly neo-classical in style, influenced by Sergei Prokofiev's extended tonality and treatment of form, with elements of neo-romanticism, particularly in the style of Franz Liszt, and early Expressionism. Her works occasionally refer to Bosnian folklore.
A1 motorway (Extremadura)
The EX-A1 is a 123-kilometre-long (76 mi) motorway in Extremadura, Spain.

It is part of the regional network. It connects the most populated municipalities of the north of Extremadura, including Navalmoral de la Mata, Plasencia, Coria, and Moraleja. Likewise, the stretch from Plasencia to Navalmoral de la Mata connects the A-66 (Ruta de la Plata) with the A-5 (Autovía del Suroeste). The stretch from Coria to Moraleja opened in 2015. The project to enlarge the road to the Portuguese border was submitted to public information in March 2025.

Coria, Cáceres
Coria (Spanish: [ˈkoɾja] ⓘ) is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Cáceres, Extremadura. In addition to the town of the same name, the municipality also comprises the settlements of Puebla de Argeme and Rincón del Obispo. With a population of 12,531 inhabitants, Coria is the fourth most-populated municipality in the province.

It is located on the Alagón river bank.

Coria preserves several monuments and holds an annual national tourist interest festival in honor of San Juan.
Drumgelloch railway station
Drumgelloch railway station is a railway station serving the east of Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located 550 metres (600 yd) east of the 1989 station on the former Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway, on the site of the former Clarkston railway station. The station previously closed in 1956.

North Lanarkshire
North Lanarkshire (Scots: North Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk, Stirling, South Lanarkshire, and West Lothian. The council area covers parts of the historic counties of Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire, and Stirlingshire. The council is based in Motherwell.

The area was formed in 1996, covering the districts of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, Motherwell, and Monklands, plus the Chryston and Auchinloch areas from Strathkelvin district, all of which had been in the Strathclyde region between 1975 and 1996. As a new single-tier authority, North Lanarkshire became responsible for all functions previously performed by both the regional council and the district councils, which were abolished.
Richard Starkings
Richard Starkings (born 27 January 1962) is a British font designer and comic book letterer, editor and writer. He was one of the early pioneers of computer-based comic-book lettering, and is one of the most prolific creators in that industry.

Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.
HMS Vigo
Four ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Vigo, after the Battle of Vigo Bay.

HMS Vigo was a 48-gun fourth rate launched in 1693 as HMS Dartmouth (1693). She was captured by the French in 1695, retaken in 1702 and renamed HMS Vigo, and was wrecked in 1703.

HMS Vigo (1810) was a 74-gun third-rate launched in 1810, used as a receiving ship from 1827, and broken up in 1865.

HMS Vigo was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1817 as HMS Agincourt (1817). She was reduced to harbour service in 1848, renamed HMS Vigo in 1865 and was sold in 1884.

HMS Vigo was to have been an Admiralty modified W-class destroyer. She was cancelled in December 1918.

HMS Vigo (D31) was a Battle-class destroyer launched in 1945 and broken up 1964.

HMS Vigo (D31)
HMS Vigo was a Battle-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was named after the Battle of Vigo, which took place in 1702 during the War of Spanish Succession between a British-Dutch Fleet and the French, and which ended in a victory for the British. Vigo was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Govan. She was launched on 27 September 1945 and commissioned on 9 December 1946.
Çənnəb
Çənnəb (also, Çənənəb, Chananab and Channab) is a village and municipality in the Ordubad District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located at the foot of the mountain, 32 km in the north-west from the district center. Its population is busy with gardening, beekeeping, farming and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, library, club and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 507.

Ordubad District
Ordubad District (Azerbaijani: Ordubad rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the district of Julfa, as well as the Syunik Province of Armenia, and the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Ordubad. As at 2020, the district had a population of 50,200.
Hone Heke Rankin
Hone Heke Rankin OBE (13 January 1896 – 16 April 1964), also known as John Rankin, was a New Zealand tribal leader, medical worker and farmer. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngā Puhi iwi. He was born in Gisborne, New Zealand, in 1896 to Matire Ngapua of Ngā Puhi, and her husband, John Claudian (Claudius) Rankin, a Scottish immigrant. Matire Ngapua's brother was Hōne Heke Ngāpua, a Member of Parliament.

In the 1962 Queen's Birthday Honours, Rankin was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services among the Māori people, especially in the North.

Gisborne, New Zealand
Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,100 (June 2025). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in the central city.
Dzhavgat
Dzhavgat (Russian: Джавгат; Kaitag and Dargwa: Жавгъат) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Dzhavgatsky Selsoviet, Kaytagsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,189 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Kaitag language
Kaitag (Kaitag: Хайдакьан кув [χɑjdɑqʼɑn kʰuβ]; also Kaidak, Karakaitak, Karkaidak, Qaidaqlan) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Dagestan, Russia. It has sometimes been considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa due to it being part of the Dargin dialect continuum. The Routledge Ethnographic Handbook (2017) divided Kaitag into two dialects: northern (Magalis-Kaitak) and southern (Karakaitak). Recent results of the Association of the Russian Sociolinguists (2021) further developed it into three dialects: Lower Kaitag, Upper Kaitag and Shari, the latter of which may be a separate but closely related language.
Erkki Koivisto
Risto Eerikki (Erkki) Koivisto (14 June 1908 – 28 May 1972) was a Finnish Lutheran pastor and politician, born in Ii. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1945 to 1966, representing the National Coalition Party. He was a presidential elector in the 1950, 1956, 1962 and 1968 presidential elections.

Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko; Swedish: Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) is a national church of Finland and belongs to the Lutheran branch of Christianity. The church enjoys the legal position of a national church in the country, along with the Orthodox Church of Finland.

The church is a member of the World Council of Churches and the Conference of European Churches. It is also a member of the Porvoo Communion and is actively involved in ecumenical relations.

With 3.5 million members as of 2024, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is one of the largest Lutheran churches in the world. It is Finland's largest religious community with 62.2% of the Finnish population being members of the church, as of 2024. The church is led by a primate who holds the title of Archbishop of Turku and Finland; the office's 15th and current occupant being Tapio Luoma, who succeeded Kari Mäkinen on 3 June 2018.
David Pardo (Italian rabbi)
David Pardo was an 18th-century Italian rabbi and liturgical poet who lived for some time in Sarajevo and in Jerusalem. Among other things, he authored a commentary on the Sifra on Leviticus and Maskil le-David (Venice, 1760), a super-commentary on Rashi on the Torah.

Sifra
Sifra (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סִפְרָא, romanized: sip̄rā, lit. 'document') is the Midrash halakha to the Book of Leviticus. It is frequently quoted in the Talmud and the study of it followed that of the Mishnah. Like Leviticus itself, the midrash is occasionally called Torat Kohanim, and in two passages Sifra debbe Rav.
Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco
Cabo Corrientes is a cape on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Jalisco. It marks the southernmost point of the Bahía de Banderas (Bay of Flags), upon which the port and resort city of Puerto Vallarta stands. The municipality in which the cape lies is also called Cabo Corrientes.

Cabo Corrientes is a prominent navigational landmark, featured on the earliest cartography of the region.  Cruising sailors often refer to it as Mexico's Point Conception.

Point Conception
34°26′53″N 120°28′17″W﻿ / ﻿34.448113°N 120.471439°W﻿ / 34.448113; -120.471439

Point Conception (Chumash: Humqaq; Spanish: Punta Concepción) is a headland along the Gaviota Coast in southwestern Santa Barbara County, California, United States. It is the point where the Santa Barbara Channel meets the Pacific Ocean, and as the corner between the mostly north-south trending portion of coast to the north and the east-west trending part of the coast near Santa Barbara, it makes a natural division between Southern and Central California, and is commonly used as such in regional weather forecasts. Point Conception Light is at its tip and the Jack and Laura Dangermond Preserve covers some of the surrounding land.
Khaira Gali
Khaira Gali is one of the tourist mountain resort towns of the Galyat area of Pakistan. It has an altitude of  2347m. Khaira Gali is located in Palak which is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. This hill station was also used as a barricade by the British during the colonial period and during the summer months it was occupied by one of the British mountain batteries, which were stationed at Rawalpindi during the winter. It is also famous for the hexagon manor on the highest elevation of the town.

Abbottabad District
Abbottabad District (Hindko, Urdu: ضِلع ایبٹ آباد) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is part of the Hazara Division and covers an area of 1,969 square kilometres (760 mi2), with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town. Neighbouring districts include Mansehra to the north and Haripur to the west in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Muzaffarabad to the east in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Rawalpindi to the south in the Punjab province. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of Abbottabad District is 1,397,587.