hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Debre Zebit
Debre Zebit (Amharic: ደብረ ዘቢጥ) is a village in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, about 240 kilometres north of Addis Ababa, this village has a latitude and longitude of 11°49′N 38°35′E﻿ / ﻿11.817°N 38.583°E﻿ / 11.817; 38.583 and an elevation of 2928 meters above sea level. The Central Statistical Agency has not published an estimate for this village's 2005 population. It is one of three towns in Meket woreda.

North Wollo Zone
North Wollo (Amharic: ሰሜን ወሎ) also called Semien Wollo, is one of Zones of Amhara Region in Ethiopia. It is bordered on the south by South Wollo, on the west by South Gondar, on the north by Wag Hemra, on the northeast by Tigray Region, and on the east by Afar Region; part of its southern border is defined by the Mille River. Its highest point is Mount Abuna Yosef. Its towns include Lasta Lalibela (known for its rock-cut churches) and Weldiya (also spelled Woldia). North Wollo acquired its name from the former province of Wollo.
Central field approximation
In atomic physics, the central field approximation for many-electron atoms takes the combined electric fields of the nucleus and all the electrons acting on any of the electrons to be radial and to be the same for all the electrons in the atom. That is, every electron sees an identical potential  that is only a function of its distance from the nucleus.

This facilitates an approximate analytical solution to the eigenvalue problem for the Hamiltonian operator.

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .
Integrated injection logic
Integrated injection logic (IIL, I2L, or I2L) is a class of digital circuits built with multiple collector bipolar junction transistors (BJT). When introduced it had speed comparable to TTL yet was almost as low power as CMOS, making it ideal for use in VLSI (and larger) integrated circuits. The gates can be made smaller with this logic family than with CMOS because complementary transistors are not needed. Although the logic voltage levels are very close (High: 0.7V, Low: 0.2V), I2L has high noise immunity because it operates by current instead of voltage. I2L was developed in 1971 by Siegfried K. Wiedmann and Horst H. Berger who originally called it merged-transistor logic (MTL).
A disadvantage of this logic family is that the gates draw power when not switching unlike with CMOS.

Very-large-scale integration
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions or billions of MOS transistors onto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when MOS integrated circuit (metal oxide semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complex semiconductor and telecommunications technologies. Microprocessors and memory chips are VLSI devices.

Before the introduction of VLSI technology, most ICs had a limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI enables IC designers to add all of these into one chip.
Juniperus canariensis
Juniperus canariensis is a woody plant in the family Cupressaceae native to the Canary Islands and Madeira, off the coast of Northwestern Africa.

The species was previously treated as part of Juniperus phoenicea, which is now regarded as restricted to Spain and France, and later, as J. phoenicea was split into J. phoenicea and J. turbinata, as part of J. turbinata, which is found throughout the Mediterranean and in the Arabian Peninsula.

Studies published in 2017 and 2018 on the genetic and morphological differences found within the J. phoenicea species complex showed that the Macaronesian population merited a status equivalent to that of J. phoenicea (sensu stricto) and J. turbinata.

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Elizabeth A. R. Brown
Elizabeth Atkinson Rash Brown (February 16, 1932 – August 8, 2024) was an American historian. She was professor emerita of history at Brooklyn College, of the City University of New York, a scholar and published author, known for her writings on feudalism.

Medieval Academy of America
The Medieval Academy of America (MAA; spelled Mediaeval until c. 1980) is the largest organization in the United States promoting the field of medieval studies. It was founded in 1925 and is based in Boston. The academy publishes the quarterly journal Speculum, and awards prizes, grants, and fellowships such as the Haskins Medal, which is named for Charles Homer Haskins, one of the academy's founders and its second president.
John Fewster
John Fewster (1738 – 3 April 1824) was a surgeon and apothecary in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Fewster, a friend and professional colleague of Edward Jenner, played an important role in the discovery of the smallpox vaccine. In 1768 Fewster realized that prior infection with cowpox rendered a person immune to smallpox.

Fewster was educated at Bristol Grammar School before a seven-year apprenticeship at the Bristol Infirmary.

Bristol Royal Infirmary
The Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI) is a large teaching hospital in the centre of Bristol, England. It has links with the nearby University of Bristol and the Faculty of Health and Social Care at the University of the West of England, also in Bristol.

The BRI is one of nine hospitals operated by the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust. It is on the same site as the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, and Bristol Heart Institute (BHI). The Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre has 49 beds and the Bristol Heart Institute has 107, which are not included in the main hospital's total.
Antonio Bernasconi (stuccoist)
Antonio Bernasconi (Antonio Bernaskoni; Russian: Антонио Бернаскони; 1726–1805) was a Russian stuccoist born in Switzerland. He worked on decorations in many palaces and other buildings in and around Saint Petersburg, particularly under the architect Antonio Rinaldi.

Tsarskoye Selo
Tsarskoye Selo (Russian: Ца́рское Село́, IPA: [ˈtsarskəje sʲɪˈlo] ⓘ, lit. 'Tsar's Village') was the town containing a former residence of the Russian imperial family and visiting nobility, located 24 kilometers (15 mi) south from the center of Saint Petersburg. The residence now forms part of the town of Pushkin. Tsarskoye Selo forms one of the World Heritage Site Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments.

The town bore the name Tsarskoye Selo until 1918. The new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia renamed it as Detskoye Selo (Russian: Детское Село, lit. 'Children's Village'), which it held from 1918–1937. At that time, it was renamed under Stalin's government as Pushkin (Russian: Пушкин) after the famous Russian poet and writer. It is still known by that name.
Griff Bevan
Griffith Wilfred Bevan (15 August 1914 — 25 October 2004) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Born in Burry Port, Bevan was a steel worker and made his solitary Wales appearance in the country's first post-war international, a 1947 Five Nations match against England in Cardiff.

Bevan captained the Llanelly side to their famous over the touring 1947–48 Wallabies at Stradley Park.

After achieving his Wales cap, Bevan left Llanelly for hometown club Burry Port in 1948.

Burry Port
Burry Port (Welsh: Porth Tywyn) is a port town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales, on the Loughor estuary (Moryd Llwchwr), to the west of Llanelli and south-east of Kidwelly. Its population was recorded at 5,680 in the 2001 census and 6,156 in the 2011 census, and estimated at 5,998 in 2019. The town has a harbour.

It is also where Amelia Earhart landed as the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. Nearby are the Pembrey Burrows sand dune and wetland system, forming a country park, and the Cefn Sidan sands. Its musical heritage includes Burry Port Opera, Male Choir and Burry Port Town Band.
Subprefecture of Santo Amaro
The Subprefecture of Santo Amaro is one of 32 subprefectures of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, comprising three districts: Santo Amaro, Campo Belo, and Campo Grande. It was formerly a separate municipality from 1832 until 1935, when it was incorporated into the city of São Paulo.

The subprefecture covers an area of 37.75 km² (14.58 sq mi), with a population of 272.332 recorded by the 2022 Brazilian census.

Santo Amaro hosts São Paulo–Congonhas Airport, the city's second busiest airport, and the Brazilian headquarters of many international corporations such as Deloitte, SAP, Oracle, KPMG, Cargill, Electrolux and PepsiCo, as well as those of Brazilian companies Banco Votorantim, Claro and Vivo. This subprefecture also features many theatres and concert halls and is the site of the famous cable-stayed Octávio Frias de Oliveira Bridge, one of the engineering landmarks of São Paulo, connecting it to the Subprefecture of Butantã, on the other side of Pinheiros River.

Claro Brasil
Claro Brasil is a mobile, satellite-television, fixed, and broadband telecommunications operator in Brazil. It was created in 2003 as a result of the union of six regional operators: Americel, ATL, BCP Telecomunicações, Claro Digital, & Tess Celular.
Silver Star
The Silver Star Medal (SSM) is the United States Armed Forces' third-highest military decoration for valor in combat. The Silver Star Medal is awarded primarily to members of the United States Armed Forces for gallantry in action against an enemy of the United States.

Peyton C. March
General Peyton Conway March (December 27, 1864 – April 13, 1955) was a senior officer of the United States Army. He served in the Philippines, on the Mexican border, and World War I. March was the ninth Chief of Staff from 1918 to 1921, accomplishing centralized control over supply, the creation of the Air Service, Tank Corps, and Chemical Warfare Service.
Ravi Tandon
Ravi Tandon (17 February 1935 – 11 February 2022)was an Indian film director and producer. He also worked as an assistant director and story writer. He was the father of actress Raveena Tandon.

Ravi Tandon directed a number of hit movies, the most popular among these are Khel Khel Mein, Anhonee, Nazrana, Majboor, Khud-daar, Zindagi. Ravi Tandon was born in a Punjabi family in Agra. Tandon and his wife Veena had a son Rajeev, a producer and director who made the television series Heena, and a daughter, film actress Raveena Tandon. His 22nd directorial venture Nazrana with Rajesh Khanna in the lead was the 5th highest grosser of the year in 1987. He died of respiratory failure at his residence in Mumbai on 11 February 2022, at the age of 86. He had pulmonary fibrosis in the last few years of his life.

Heena (TV series)
Heena is a Hindi-language television soap opera that aired on Sony Entertainment Television. The series began to air from 12 June 1998 and ran for five years, finishing on 11 July 2003.

The opening theme song for the serial was taken from a Ghazal sung by Jagjit Singh titled as Koi Yeh Kaise Bataye. Lead actors included Simone Singh, Rahul Bhat, Rakhee Tandon, and Vaquar Shaikh.
Marinus Boezem
Marinus Lambertus van den Boezem (born 28 January 1934) is a Dutch artist.
He is known for his radical view of art and his works in public space. Together with Wim T. Schippers, Ger van Elk and Jan Dibbets, Boezem is seen as one of the main representatives of conceptual art and arte povera in the Netherlands in the late 1960s.

Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkrʏlər ˈmʏlər myˌzeːjʏm]) is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of her and her husband's former estate (now the national park), opened in 1938. It has the second-largest collection of paintings by Vincent van Gogh, after the Van Gogh Museum. The museum had 283,000 visitors in 2025.
Michael Flowers (basketball)
Michael John Flowers (born January 14, 1999) is an American basketball player for Petkim Spor of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). He previously played for the Western Michigan Broncos, South Alabama Jaguars and the Washington State Cougars. He was named second-team All-Pac-12 with Washington State in 2022.

VfL Kirchheim Knights
VfL Kirchheim Knights, also known as Bozic Estriche Knights Kirchheim for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany. The team plays in the ProA, the second highest stage in Germany.
International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design
The International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID) was a creationism advocacy organization that described itself as "a cross-disciplinary professional society that investigates complex systems apart from external programmatic constraints like materialism, naturalism, or reductionism." It was founded and led by figures associated with the intelligent design movement, such as William A. Dembski and Michael Behe.

Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.
Elizabeth Bonawitz
Elizabeth Bonawitz is a developmental psychologist and computational cognitive scientist. Her empirical research focuses on the core constructs of learning, children’s early causal beliefs, children’s curiosity, and how children develop perceptions of the world. Her work has been featured in The New York Times,The Economist,Psychology Today, and Scientific American.

Bonawitz is the David J. Vitale Associate Professor of Learning Sciences the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Prior to working at Harvard, from the years 2013 until 2020, she was an Assistant Professor and got promoted to Associate Professor at Rutgers University-Newark.

Psychology Today
Psychology Today is an American media organization with a focus on psychology and human behavior.

The publication began as a bimonthly magazine, which first appeared in 1967. The print magazine's reported circulation is 275,000 as of 2023. The Psychology Today website features therapist and health professional directories and hundreds of blogs written by a wide variety of psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, social workers, medical doctors, marriage and family therapists, anthropologists, sociologists, and science journalists.

Psychology Today content and its therapist directory are found in over 20 countries worldwide. Psychology Today's therapist directory is the most widely used and allows users to sort therapists by location, insurance, types of therapy, price, and other characteristics. It also has a Spanish-language website.
Philip Hands
Philip Albert Myburgh Hands (14 April 1890 – 27 April 1951), was a South African cricketer who played in seven Tests from 1913 to 1924. His elder brother Reginald also played Test cricket for South Africa, whilst his younger brother Kenneth was also a cricketer, although he didn't play Test cricket.

Hands was born in Claremont, Cape Town, son of Sir Harry Hands KBE and Lady Aletta Hands (née Myburgh) OBE. He died in Parys, Orange Free State, in 1951.

Like his brothers, he was educated at Diocesan College, Rondebosch and up to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 1908. Initially starting a law degree, he switched to accounting.

Serving in the Royal Garrison Artillery, he was awarded the DSO and the MC in the First World War and reached the rank of major.

He was a hard-hitting batsman whose highest Test score was 83 against England in 1913–14, scored out of 98 in 105 minutes. He toured England in 1924, but was not successful.

Parys
Parys (pronounced /ˈpɑːreɪs/) is a resort town in northern Free State province, South Africa. It is situated on the southern bank of the Vaal River. The name is the Afrikaans translation of Paris. The origin of the name 'Parys' is attributed to German surveyor Schilbach, who named it after the city of Paris because of the similarity between its location next to the Vaal River and that of Paris on the River Seine. The area of Parys also includes the two townships of Tumahole and Schonkenville.
Jawad El Yamiq
Jawad El Yamiq (Arabic: جواد الياميق; born 29 February 1992) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Spanish club Real Zaragoza and the Morocco national team. He began his professional career playing for Olympique Khouribga.

A full international for Morocco since 2017, El Yamiq represented the nation at the 2022 FIFA World Cup and the 2018 African Nations Championship.

Moroccan Throne Cup
The Throne Cup (Arabic: كأس العرش), also referred to as the Moroccan Throne Cup or Moroccan Cup is a knockout football competition in Moroccan football, organized by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation.

The competition was founded in 1956, making it the oldest Moroccan football competition currently played. Throne Cup winners qualify for the following season's CAF Confederation Cup. If the winners are the league winners or qualified for the CAF Champions League through their league position, the CAF Confederation Cup spot is given to the Cup runner-up's.

AS FAR is the most successful club in the competition, having won 12 titles. Olympic Club Safi is the most recent winner, having defeated RS Berkane in the 2025 final.
Stockton, Camden
Stockton is a neighborhood and former municipality in Camden, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It has a population of 6,479.

Stockton was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 23, 1859, from portions of Delaware Township (now Cherry Hill). Portions of the township were taken to form Merchantville on March 3, 1874, and Pennsauken Township on February 18, 1892. Based on the results of a referendum that passed on March 22, 1894, Stockton was reincorporated as a town as of May 1, 1894. On March 24, 1899, Stockton was annexed by the City of Camden.

Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Cherry Hill is a township within Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As a suburb of Philadelphia, the township is part of the South Jersey and Delaware Valley regions. Cherry Hill Township grew during the mid-20th century suburbanization, becoming one of the Delaware Valley's main commercial centers, including the Cherry Hill Mall. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 74,553.
Acts 12
Acts 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the death of the first apostle, James, son of Zebedee, followed by the miraculous escape of Peter from prison, the death of Herod Agrippa I, and the early ministry of Barnabas and Paul of Tarsus. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke.

Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre is a city in Lebanon, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the legendary birthplace of Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix, and Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984. The historian Ernest Renan described it as "a city of ruins, built out of ruins".

Tyre is the fifth-largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon, and Baalbek. It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees, as the city hosts three of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: Burj El Shimali, El Buss, and Rashidieh.
Down by the River (Neil Young song)
"Down by the River"  is a song composed by Neil Young. It was first released on his 1969 album with Crazy Horse, Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere. Young explained the context of the story in the liner notes of his 1977 anthology album Decade, stating that he wrote "Down by the River", "Cinnamon Girl" and "Cowgirl in the Sand" while delirious in bed in Topanga Canyon with a 103 °F (39 °C) fever.

Buddy Miles
George Allen "Buddy" Miles Jr. (September 5, 1947 – February 26, 2008) was an American composer, drummer, guitarist, vocalist and producer. He was a founding member of the Electric Flag (1967), a member of Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsys (1969–1970), founder and leader of the Buddy Miles Express and later, the Buddy Miles Band.  Miles also played and recorded with Carlos Santana, John McLaughlin, and others. He also sang lead vocals on the California Raisins claymation TV commercials and recorded two California Raisins R&B albums.
Duchess Sophie of Prussia
Duchess Sophie of Prussia (c. 31 March 1582 – c. 24 November 1610) was a German princess of the Duchy of Prussia, a fief of Kingdom of Poland and a member of the House of Hohenzollern.

Sophie was the daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia, and Marie Eleonore of Cleves. She was courted by Wilhelm Kettler, son of Gotthard Kettler of Courland and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Their marriage contract was signed in Königsberg on 5 January 1609. Sophie died on 24 November 1610, four weeks after the birth of her only son, Jacob, who later succeeded his paternal uncle Friedrich Kettler as Duke of Courland.

Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Herzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1701, when Frederick William and Adolphus Frederick II divided the Duchy of Mecklenburg between Schwerin and Strelitz. Ruled by the successors of the Nikloting House of Mecklenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin remained a state of the Holy Roman Empire along the Baltic Sea littoral between Holstein-Glückstadt and the Duchy of Pomerania.