hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Glatton
Four ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Glatton.

The first HMS Glatton (1795) was a 56-gun fourth rate, originally an East Indiaman purchased in 1795 and converted. Participated in the 1797 Battle of Camperdown, and the 1801 Battle of Copenhagen.  Converted to a water depot in 1814 and sunk as a breakwater in 1830.

The second HMS Glatton (1855) was an Aetna-class ironclad floating battery launched in 1855 and broken up in 1864.

The third HMS Glatton (1871) was a turret ship launched in 1871 and sold 1903.

The fourth HMS Glatton (1914) was a coast defence ship, originally the Norwegian Bjørgvin, purchased in 1915 and accidentally blown up in September 1918.

Breakwater (structure)
A breakwater is a permanent structure constructed at a coastal area to protect against tides, currents, waves, and storm surges.  Breakwaters have been built since antiquity to protect anchorages, helping isolate vessels from marine hazards such as wind-driven waves. A breakwater, also known in some contexts as a jetty or a mole, may be connected to land or freestanding, and may contain a walkway or road for vehicle access.

Part of a coastal management system, breakwaters are installed parallel to the shore to minimize erosion. On beaches where longshore drift threatens the erosion of beach material, smaller structures on the beach  may be installed, usually perpendicular to the water's edge. Their action on waves and current is intended to slow the longshore drift and discourage mobilisation of beach material. In this usage they are more usually referred to as groynes.
1935 New York City aldermanic election
Elections were held to fill the 65 seats of the New York City Board of Aldermen on November 5, 1935. They would be the final elections to the Board of Aldermen, which would be abolished in 1937 in favor of the New York City Council, which was elected via borough-based proportional representation (single transferable voting).

Democrats gained 13 seats compared to the 1933 result. They recovered from Republican-Fusion advances in 1933.  Republicans received only three seats, two in Manhattan and one in Brooklyn, despite receiving substantial votes across the city.  Democrats won 95 percent of the seats on the Board of Aldermen with only 67 percent of the vote. Such a disproportionate result led to electoral reform. Thomas J. Curran of Manhattan was chosen as the minority leader.

New York City Board of Aldermen
The New York City Board of Aldermen was a body that was the upper house of New York City's Common Council from 1824 to 1875, the lower house of its Municipal Assembly from 1898 to 1901, and its unicameral legislature from 1875 to 1897 and 1902 to 1937. The corresponding lower house was known as the Board of Assistants or the Board of Assistant Aldermen from 1824 to 1875, while the upper house was known as the Council from 1898 to 1901. In 1938 a new charter came into effect that replaced the Board of Aldermen with the New York City Council.
Chris Prat
Chris Prat is a former indoor lacrosse player in the National Lacrosse League. He last played for the Colorado Mammoth in 2005. Prat is noted for contributing to his former team, the Victoria Shamrocks, winning two Mann cups in 1997 and 1999. He is recognized as an accomplished athlete, as he was inducted into the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2011.

Mann Cup
The Mann Cup is the trophy awarded to the senior men's box lacrosse champions of Canada. The championship is a best-of-seven, East vs West series played between the league champions of Major Series Lacrosse, the East, and Western Lacrosse Association, the West.

The original trophy is now permanently located in the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame. It is one of the most valuable in all of sports; made of solid, albeit low-karat, gold, the trophy was valued at CA$60,000 (equivalent to $214,227 in 2023) when appraised by Birks in May 1980.
NGC 2974
NGC 2974 (also catalogued as NGC 2652) is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Sextans. It is located at a distance of circa 90 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2974 is about 90,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on January 6, 1785. NGC 2974 is located in the sky about 2 and a half degrees south-south east of Iota Hydrae and more than 6 degrees northeast of Alphard. A 10th magnitude star lies next to the galaxy, thus making it a challenging object at low magnifications. NGC 2974 is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue.

Iota Hydrae
Iota Hydrae, formally named Ukdah /ˈʌkdə/, is a star in the constellation of Hydra, about 8° to the north-northwest of Alphard (Alpha Hydrae) and just to the south of the celestial equator. Visible to the naked eye, it is a suspected variable star with an apparent visual magnitude that ranges between 3.87 and 3.91. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 12.39 mas measured during the Hipparcos mission, it is located around 263 light-years distant.
Paul Greenhalgh
Paul Greenhalgh (born 1955) is a British historian, writer, museologist, and curator of art and design.

Training initially as a painter, Greenhalgh entered into academia through the Courtauld Institute of Art, later teaching at the Royal College of Art, and holding the post of deputy keeper of ceramics and glass at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. In November 2010, Greenhalgh was appointed director of the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, the public gallery of the University of East Anglia, where he held the position of professor of art history and museum strategy, roles which he resigned from in 2021 to become, respectively, executive director, and professor emeritus of the same. In 2022, Greenhalgh was announced as the inaugural director of the Zaha Hadid Foundation. Greenhalgh is a specialist in the decorative arts and artistic movements from 1850 to 1940.

Decorative arts
The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose aim is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional. This includes most of the objects for the interiors of buildings, as well as interior design, but typically excludes architecture. Ceramic art, metalwork, furniture, jewellery, fashion, various forms of the textile arts and glassware are major groupings.

Applied arts largely overlap with the decorative arts, and in modern parlance they are both often placed under the umbrella category of design. The decorative arts are often categorized in distinction to the "fine arts", namely painting, drawing, photography, and large-scale sculpture, which generally produce objects solely for their aesthetic quality and capacity to stimulate the intellect.
Henry Markram
Henry John Markram (Hebrew: הנרי מרקרם; born 28 March 1962) is a South African-born Israeli neuroscientist, professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland and director of the Blue Brain Project and founder of the Human Brain Project.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Arthur Clarence Pratt
Arthur Clarence Pratt (February 6, 1871 – August 26, 1948) was an office manager and political figure in Ontario. He represented Norfolk South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1905 to 1919 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Lynedoch, Norfolk County, the son of William Pratt and Maria Bottomley, both natives of Ireland, and was educated in Simcoe and Woodstock, at the Ottawa Normal School and at the Hamilton Normal College. In 1900, Pratt married Alice Bertha Turner. In 1911, with George Tate Blackstock, he founded the Canadian branch of the English Imperial Mission association. He was named lieutenant-colonel of the 133rd Battalion in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1916. He died suddenly in 1948.

George Tate Blackstock
George Tate Blackstock (1 April 1856 – 27 December 1921) was a lawyer born in Newcastle, Canada West.

Blackstock was a leading civil and criminal lawyer in Toronto. He handled many prominent cases, both as a defence lawyer and as a Crown prosecutor.
Sikhism in Assam
Assamese Sikhs, also known as Axomiya Sikhs or Asomiya Sikhs, are a Sikh community found in Assam, India. The Sikh community of Assam consists of both local Assamese Sikhs and Punjabi Sikhs and their descendants. The Assamese Sikhs differ phenotypically from Punjabi Sikhs, instead resembling the local populace in-appearance.

Supangmung
Supangmung (reigned 1663–1670), also known as Chakradhwaj Singha   (Assamese: স্বৰ্গদেউ চক্ৰধ্বজ সিংহ), was an important Ahom king under whom the Ahom kingdom took back Guwahati from the Mughals following the reverses at the hands of Mir Jumla and the Treaty of Ghilajharighat.  He is known for his fierce pride as an Ahom monarch.
David E. Pergrin
Colonel David E. Pergrin (26 July 1917 – 7 April 2012) was commanding officer of the 291st Engineer Combat Battalion of the United States Army during World War II. Before the war he earned an engineering degree at Pennsylvania State University, graduating in 1940. While at Penn State he participated in the ROTC program. In addition, Pergrin played on the university's football team, was elected to the Tau Beta Pi and Chi Epsilon engineering honor societies, and was senior class president. Before graduation he was voted Outstanding Non-Fraternity senior. In his role as senior class president, he presented the university with the Class of 1940 gift – the Nittany Lion Shrine, a 14-ton limestone monument symbolizing the Penn State tradition. However, the monument was not officially dedicated until 1942.

Tau Beta Pi
The Tau Beta Pi Association (commonly Tau Beta Pi, ΤΒΠ, or TBP) is the oldest engineering honor society and the second oldest collegiate honor society in the United States. It honors engineering students in American universities who have shown a history of academic achievement as well as a commitment to personal and professional integrity. Specifically, the association was founded "to mark in a fitting manner those who have conferred honor upon their Alma Mater by distinguished scholarship and exemplary character as students in engineering, or by their attainments as alumni in the field of engineering, and to foster a spirit of liberal culture in engineering colleges".
Johann Peter Melchior
Johann Peter Melchior (8 March 1747 – 13 June 1825) was a German porcelain modeller.

Melchior was born in Lintorf.  He was interested in art from an early age and was apprenticed to a sculptor in Düsseldorf.  He made a name for himself in the porcelain trade and was named Modellmeister at the acclaimed Höchst porcelain factory in 1767, a post he held until 1779.  He later worked at the factories at Frankenthal (1779–93) and Nymphenburg (1797–1822).  He died in Nymphenburg.

Melchior was a transitional figure between Rococo and Neoclassicism.  His early work was graceful and often sentimental, and his favourite subjects included religious groups, pastoral scenes, characters from mythology, and children.  As his career progressed, his works became less sentimental and more neoclassical.

Nymphenburg Palace
The Nymphenburg Palace (German: Schloss Nymphenburg, Palace of the Nymphs) is a Baroque palace situated in Munich's western district Neuhausen-Nymphenburg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. The Nymphenburg served as the main summer residence for the former rulers of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. Combined with the adjacent Nymphenburg Palace Park it constitutes one of the premier royal palaces of Europe. Its frontal width of 632 m (2,073 ft) (north–south axis) even surpasses Versailles.
Gish Abay
Gish Abay is a town in west-central Ethiopia. Located in the Mirab (West) Gojjam Zone of the Amhara Region, it is the administrative center of Sekela woreda. The town is named after the nearby Mount Gish and the Abay River (Blue Nile) whose source is in the foothills of the mountain. It is the administrative center of Sekela woreda.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Gish Abay has an estimated total population of 3,385 of whom 1,615 are men and 1,770 are women. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 1,959 of whom 850 were men and 1,109 were women.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Nickel extraction
Extractive metallurgy of nickel is the set of operations that allow the manufacture of nickel metal from ore. It also concerns the recycling of metallurgical waste containing nickel (40% of nickel consumed in 2005 was recycled).

Nickel is extracted from two types of ores: laterites and sulfides. Although 70% of nickel reserves are lateritic ores, these only account for 40% of global production. Lateritic ores are primarily used for the production of ferronickel, while sulfide ores are generally used for the production of very pure nickel.

Whether lateritic or sulfide, nickel ores are mined when their nickel content exceeds 1.3%. This low content explains the complexity and diversity of processes, determined by the nature of the ore's gangue, as well as the desired quality of nickel at the end of extraction.

Garnierite
Garnierite is a general name for a green nickel ore which is found in pockets and veins within weathered and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. It forms through lateritic weathering of ultramafic rocks and occurs in many nickel laterite deposits worldwide. It is an important nickel ore, having a large weight percent NiO. As garnierite is not a valid mineral name according to the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC), no definite composition or formula has been universally adopted. Some of the proposed compositions are all hydrous Ni-Mg silicates, a general name for the Ni-Mg hydrosilicates which usually occur as an intimate mixture and commonly includes two or more of the following minerals: serpentine, talc, sepiolite, smectite, or chlorite, and Ni-Mg silicates, with or without alumina, that have X-ray diffraction patterns typical of serpentine, talc, sepiolite, chlorite, vermiculite or some mixture of them all.
Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School
The General V.F. Margelov Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne twice Red Banner Order of Suvorov Command School  (RGVVDKU) (Russian: Ряза́нское гвардейское вы́сшее возду́шно-деса́нтное о́рдена Суво́рова два́жды Краснознамённое кома́ндное учи́лище и́мени генера́ла а́рмии В. Ф. Марге́лова) is a military educational institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense, situated in Ryazan, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) southeast of Moscow. It was first formed as the Ryazan Infantry Courses on 13 November 1918 – thus it is one of the oldest active military academies in modern day Russia.

It is the main officer commissioning school of the Russian Airborne Forces. The other institution that provides officers for the Airborne Forces is the Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School.

Vladimir Shamanov
Vladimir Anatolyevich Shamanov (Russian: Владимир Анатольевич Шаманов, born 15 February 1957) is a Russian politician and retired colonel general who last served as the commander of the Russian Airborne Forces from May 2009 to October 2016. Since he was elected in the 2016 Russian legislative election, Shamanov has been member of the State Duma, and he was the head of the Defense Committee until 2021.
Star Publications
Star Publications, Inc. was a Golden Age American comic book publisher, operating during the years 1949–1954. Founded by artist/editor L. B. Cole and lawyer Gerhard Kramer, Star specialized in horror, crime, and romance comics — but also published funny animal stories. Star was originally based in New York City before relocating to Buffalo, New York.

Notable creators who contributed to Star Publications titles included Nina Albright, Tex Blaisdell, Frank Frazetta, Milt Hammer, Alvin Hollingsworth, Joe Kubert, Pat Masulli, and Wally Wood. Co-owner Cole contributed many of his distinctive cover illustrations. Bruno Premiani worked as an editor at the company.

Tex Blaisdell
Philip Eustice Blaisdell (March 30, 1920 – March 14, 1999), better known as Tex Blaisdell, was an American comic-strip artist and comic-book editor. He worked on 22 syndicated features, including Little Orphan Annie, which he drew for five years.
Noah's Arc: Jumping the Broom (soundtrack)
Noah's Arc: Jumping the Broom is a music soundtrack to the motion picture of the same name starring Darryl Stephens and Jensen Atwood. It was released on October 21, 2008, by Tommy Boy Records. The soundtrack features artists such as Michelle Williams, Bob Sinclar, Roy Young, Phoebe Snow, Patrik-Ian Polk, Nikki Jane and Adriana Evans.

Roy Young (musician)
Roy Frederick Young (20 October 1934 – 27 April 2018) was a British rock and roll singer, pianist and keyboard player.  He first recorded in the late 1950s before performing in Hamburg with the Beatles.  After a stint with Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers, he released several albums with his own band as well as recording with Chuck Berry and David Bowie, among others.
Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment
Public plans for energy efficient refurbishment are put in place by states to encourage building owners to renovate their properties in a way that increases their energy performance. As financing represents the most important obstacle to this type of renovation, the plans favour financial incentives in the form of loans or grants. Various institutions can be involved in the process, such as ministries, banks, firms, or energy services companies (ESCOs).

A number of countries have implemented such plans: the United States, France, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, Estonia, and others.

European Structural and Investment Funds
The European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds, ESIFs) are financial tools governed by a common rulebook, set up to implement the regional policy of the European Union, as well as the structural policy pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy and the Common Fisheries Policy. They aim to reduce regional disparities in income, wealth and opportunities. Europe's poorer regions receive most of the support, but all European regions are eligible for funding under the policy's various funds and programmes. The current framework is set for a period of seven years, from 2021 to 2027.
1983 Virginia Slims of Washington
The 1983 Virginia Slims of Washington was a women's tennis tournament that was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 12th edition of the tournament, played on indoor carpet courts, and was held from January 3 through January 10, 1983. The rounds until the final were played at the GWU Charles Smith Center in Washington, D.C., U.S. while the final was played at the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland, U.S. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $28,000 first-prize money.

Capital Centre (Landover, Maryland)
The Capital Centre (later USAir Arena and US Airways Arena) was an indoor arena in the eastern United States, located in Landover, Maryland, a suburb east of Washington, D.C.  The seating capacity was 18,756 for basketball and 18,130 for hockey.

Opened in late 1973, it closed in March 2002, and was demolished that December.
Leon Lim
Leon Lim (born in Kedah, Malaysia) is an artist, designer and photographer who was schooled in Kedah and Penang and lives in New York City. He has been profoundly deaf since birth and his deafness developed his strong sense of seeing. His independence began at the age of 14 when he started to live alone in Penang. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Rochester Institute of Technology, New York. He competed in the second season of the Bravo television network's reality television series Work of Art: The Next Great Artist.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
The Siege of AR-558
"The Siege of AR-558" is the 158th episode of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the eighth episode of the seventh season, first aired the week of November 16, 1998. It was written by Ira Steven Behr and Hans Beimler, and directed by Winrich Kolbe.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the space station Deep Space Nine; the later seasons of the series follow a war between the United Federation of Planets and an empire known as the Dominion. This episode focuses on one battle in the Dominion War, in which Starfleet soldiers attempt to hold a communications installation captured from the Dominion.

This episode received a Nielsen rating of 4.5 when it was broadcast on television in 1998.

Winrich Kolbe
Winrich Ernst Rudolf Kolbe (1940 – September 2012) was a German-American television director and television producer  best known for directing 48 episodes of Star Trek across four television series. These included the Hugo Award-winning "All Good Things...", which was the series finale of Star Trek: The Next Generation. He also directed the series premiere of Star Trek: Voyager, "Caretaker", and was involved in the casting of the series.
Ria of Ferrol
The Ria of Ferrol (or Bay of Ferrol; Spanish and Galician: ría de Ferrol) is a ria in Galicia, Spain, the saline estuary of the Xuvia River. Located in the province of A Coruña, in the northwestern end of the Iberian Peninsula, it forms along the rías of A Coruña, Ares and Betanzos the gulf known as Portus Magnus Artabrorum in Roman times. An important harbour, it became a base of the Spanish Navy during the Habsburg dynasty, with the forts of San Felipe and La Palma watching over the in and out of the ria. Bordered by the municipalities of Ferrol, Narón, Neda, Fene, Mugardos, it stands out among the Galician rias in terms of the degree of alteration caused by human activities. Also featuring nonetheless a rich sealife, the bay of Ferrol (itself included within the so-called "Rías Altas") is exploited to obtain seafood, chiefly varieties of clam and cockle.

Province of A Coruña
The province of A Coruña (Galician: provincia da Coruña [pɾoˈβinθjɐ ðɐ koˈɾuɲɐ]; Spanish: provincia de La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; historical English: Corunna) is the northwesternmost province of Spain, and one of the four provinces which constitute the autonomous community of Galicia. This province is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north, Pontevedra Province to the south and Lugo Province to the east. It has a population of 1,128,449 across its 93 municipalities.