hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Digital Standard
The Digital Standard is a technical standard which offers product testing criteria for software and Smart devices.  Consumers or manufacturers can use the standards to evaluate the extent to which a product protects various digital rights including consumer privacy, information security, freedom of speech, and product ownership. A consortium of organizations including Consumer Reports, Disconnect Mobile, Ranking Digital Rights, The Cyber Independent Testing Lab, and Aspiration presented the standard in March 2017.

New America (organization)
New America, formerly the New America Foundation, is an American liberal think tank founded in 1999. It focuses on a range of public policy issues, including national security, technology, health, gender, energy, education, and the economy. The organization is based in Washington, D.C., and Oakland, California. Anne-Marie Slaughter is the think tank's chief executive officer.
Hameed Al-Gheilani
Hameed Jumaa Saad Allah Al-Gheilani (Arabic: حميد جمعة سعد الله الغيلاني; born 4 May 1984), commonly known as Hameed Al-Gheilani, is an Omani footballer who plays for Al-Seeb Club in Oman Professional League.

Oman Professional League
The Oman Professional League (Arabic: دوري المحترفين عمان; known as the Omantel Professional League for sponsorship reasons), previously known as the Omantel Elite League, is the top division of the Oman Football Association, and was officially created in 1976. Currently, the most successful team in the league is Dhofar with 12 titles to their name.
Mahler Spur
Mahler Spur (69°48′S 70°52′W﻿ / ﻿69.800°S 70.867°W﻿ / -69.800; -70.867) is a rock spur, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long, extending west into the Mozart Ice Piedmont 7 nautical miles (13 km) east of the south end of the Debussy Heights, in the northern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first seen from the air and roughly mapped by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1937. The spur was accurately delineated from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Gustav Mahler, the Austrian composer.

Debussy Heights
Debussy Heights is a minor mountain range rising to 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) (at Ravel Peak) east of Mozart Ice Piedmont in the north part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was first spotted and mapped, from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Claude Debussy, the French composer (1862–1918).
Cripple and the Starfish
"Cripple and the Starfish" is a song written by Anohni and performed by Antony and the Johnsons, a Mercury Prize-winning music act from New York City.  
It was initially released on the compilation CD God Shave the Queen! in 1996.
A different recording subsequently appeared on Antony and the Johnsons, the self-titled first album recorded in 1998.  In 2003, a live version of this song appeared on the split album Live at St. Olave's.

Split album
A split album (or split) is a music album that includes tracks by two or more separate artists. Split albums differ from "various artists" compilation albums in that they generally include several tracks of each artist, or few artists with one or two tracks each, instead of multiple artists with only one or two tracks each. There are also singles and EPs of the same variety, which are often called "split singles" and "split EPs" respectively.
Morgan Thorpe
Morgan Thorpe was an actor in theater and film in the United States. He portrayed Favius in The Sign of the Cross and Anthony Cole in The House of the Tolling Bell.

Thorpe was in the theatrical production Cymbeline in 1906 as the "Frenchman".

He portrayed Clayton Walpole in the 1920 film Respectable by Proxy.

Cymbeline
Cymbeline (/ˈsɪmbɪliːn/), also known as The Tragedie of Cymbeline or Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain (c. 10–14 AD) and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early historical Celtic British King Cunobeline. Although it is listed as a tragedy in the First Folio, modern critics often classify Cymbeline as a romance or even a comedy. Like Othello and The Winter's Tale, it deals with the themes of innocence and jealousy. While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611.
The Boat Race 2013
The 159th Boat Race between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge took place on 31 March 2013.  Held annually, the event is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. The Cambridge crew featured the first rower from the Czech Republic to compete in the event. Umpired by former Olympic medallist and former Oxford rower Matthew Pinsent, Oxford won by a margin of 1+1⁄2 lengths in a time of 17 minutes and 27 seconds.

In the reserve race, Oxford's Isis defeated Cambridge's Goldie, and Oxford won the Women's Boat Race.

Umpire
An umpire is an official in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection.

The term derives from the Old French nonper, non, 'not' and per, 'equal': 'one who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people' (as evidenced in cricket, where dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal). Noumper shows up around 1350 before undergoing a linguistic shift known as false splitting. It was written in 1426–1427 as a noounpier; the n was lost with the a indefinite article becoming an. The earliest version without the n shows up as owmpere, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440. The leading n became permanently attached to the article, changing it to an Oumper around 1475.

The word was applied to the officials of many sports including baseball, association football (where it has been superseded by assistant-referee) and cricket (which still uses it).
Breast-shaped hill
Breast-shaped hills are anthropomorphic geographic features found in various parts of the world. In some traditional cultures they were once revered as the attributes of the Mother Goddess, such as the Paps of Anu, named after Anu, an important female deity of pre-Christian Ireland. "Pap" is an archaic word for the breast or nipple of a woman. It is used in the name of a number of breast-shaped hills, particularly those with a small hilltop protuberance.

Prachuap Khiri Khan province
Prachuap Khiri Khan (Thai: ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, pronounced [prā.tɕùap kʰīː.rīː kʰǎn]) is one of the western provinces (changwat) of Thailand. It is in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula, some 240 km (149 mi) south of Bangkok. Neighboring provinces include Phetchaburi to the north and Chumphon to the south. To the west, it borders Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar.
Ramensky (inhabited locality)
Ramensky (Russian: Раменский; masculine), Ramenskaya (Раменская; feminine), or Ramenskoye (Раменское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, a town in Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast

Rural localities

Ramensky, Kaluga Oblast, a settlement in Mosalsky District of Kaluga Oblast

Ramensky, Kirov Oblast, a settlement in Burmakinsky Rural Okrug of Kirovo-Chepetsky District of Kirov Oblast

Ramensky, Moscow Oblast, a settlement in Kulikovskoye Rural Settlement of Dmitrovsky District of Moscow Oblast

Ramenskoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Kirikovsky Selsoviet of Pirovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Ramenskoye, Tver Oblast, a village in Rzhevsky District of Tver Oblast

Ramensky District
Ramensky District (Russian: Ра́менский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeastern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,397.46 square kilometers (539.56 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ramenskoye. Population: 256,375 (2010 Census);  217,939 (2002 Census); 153,215 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ramenskoye accounts for 66.2% of the district's total population.

The cities of Zhukovsky and Bronnitsy with localities under their jurisdictions, while surrounded by the district's territory, are administratively and municipally separate from it (Zhukovsky since 1952 and Bronnitsy since 1992).
1884 Southern Rugby Union season
The 1884 Southern Rugby Union season was the 11th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the second competition for the Gardiner Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May till September 1884 with the main cup games held between June and August. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Burwood. Burwood were crowned premiers by a committee of the Union.

Sydney University Football Club
The Sydney University Football Club, founded in 1863, is the oldest club now playing rugby union in Australia, although this date is disputed by historian Tom Hickie who argues that it was 1865.

Sydney Uni was a member of the inaugural Sydney club competition in 1874, along with the Balmain Rugby Union Football Club, Newington College and The King's School. The club currently competes in the Shute Shield competition and has the most senior premiership titles of all Sydney clubs.

After playing home games at the Sydney University Oval No.1 for 153 years, the club moved to the redeveloped Oval No.2 for the 2016 season. Sydney Uni Sport completed the building of a new training facility and grandstand at that ground accommodating 1,200 spectators.
Kyd
Kyd is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerald Kyd (born 1973), South African actor

Jerry Kyd (born 1967), British naval officer

Jesper Kyd (born 1972), Danish video game and film music composer

Michael Kyd (born 1977), English professional footballer

Robert Kyd (1746–1793), British botanist

Thomas Kyd (1558–1594), English dramatist

Warren Kyd (born 1939), New Zealand politician

William Kyd (fl. 1430–1453), English 15th-century pirate

James Kyd (1786–1836), master shipbuilder of the East India Company

Kyd, KYD, or kyd can also mean

Joseph Clayton Clarke (1856–1937) or 'Kyd', British artist

Cayman Islands dollar having KYD currency code

Abbreviation of kiloyard (kyd)

Lanyu Airport, Orchid Island, Taitung County, Taiwan; by IATA code

Michael Kyd
Michael Kyd (born 21 May 1977 in the London Borough of Hackney) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a forward for Cambridge United.

He first played for Stony Stratford Town before joining Cambridge United. He then came through the youth ranks at the Abbey Stadium, and played 148 games for the club in all competitions, scoring 25 goals, before he retired from professional football due to injury at the age of 23 in 2000.

Kyd later went on to have guest stints at Shepparton Soccer Club in the North Eastern Soccer League in Australia.
Oscar Craig
Oscar J. Craig (1846–1911) was the first president of the University of Montana. Craig served as the president between July 1895 to October 1908, and he managed the university almost single-handedly for those thirteen years. Craig taught a few classes each semester, as well as helping to establish the campus itself. He also founded a significant amount of the programs at the university that still persist today. Prior to graduating from DePauw University in 1884, Craig served in the position of Superintendent of City Schools in Sullivan, Indiana for a few years. In 1883, he became a professor at Purdue University, teaching political economy and history before moving to Montana to found the university. Following his presidency, Craig retired from education in 1908 due to ill health.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Prawn cocktail
Prawn cocktail, also known as shrimp cocktail, is a seafood dish consisting of shelled, cooked prawns in a Marie Rose sauce or cocktail sauce, served in a glass. It was the most popular hors d'œuvre in Great Britain, as well as in the United States, from the 1960s to the late 1980s. According to the English food writer Nigel Slater, the prawn cocktail "has spent most of (its life) see-sawing from the height of fashion to the laughably passé" and is now often served with a degree of irony.

The cocktail sauce is essentially ketchup and mayonnaise in Commonwealth countries, or ketchup and horseradish in the United States. Recipes may add Worcestershire sauce, hot sauce, vinegar, cayenne pepper or lemon juice.

Horseradish
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and used worldwide as a spice and as a condiment. The species is likely native to Southeastern Europe and Western Asia.
Cobananthus
Cobananthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, with a single species Cobananthus calochlamys. It is a subshrub native to southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala. It is sometimes included in the genus Alloplectus, but molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the two genera are not closely related, with Cobananthus more closely related to Alsobia.

Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.
Indexed language
Indexed languages are a class of formal languages discovered by Alfred Aho; they are described by indexed grammars and can be recognized by nested stack automata.

Indexed languages are a proper subset of context-sensitive languages. They qualify as an abstract family of languages (furthermore a full AFL) and hence satisfy many closure properties. However, they are not closed under intersection or complement.

The class of indexed languages has practical importance in natural language processing as a computationally affordable generalization of context-free languages, since indexed grammars can describe many of the nonlocal constraints occurring in natural languages.

Gerald Gazdar (1988)  and Vijayashanker (1987) introduced a mildly context-sensitive language class now known as linear indexed grammars (LIG). Linear indexed grammars have additional restrictions relative to indexed grammars. LIGs are weakly equivalent (generate the same language class) as tree adjoining grammars.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Robinson: La Gran Aventura
Robinson: La Gran Aventura was a popular television show that aired in Venezuela from 2001 to 2002 and was one of the first editions of Robinson, or Survivor as it is referred to in some countries, to air outside Europe. The show was a huge success in Venezuela, however after only two seasons the show was canceled due to its high production cost. The name alludes to both Robinson Crusoe and The Swiss Family Robinson, two stories featuring people marooned by shipwrecks.

Survivor (franchise)
Survivor is a reality-competition television franchise produced globally. The show features a group of contestants deliberately marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide basic survival necessities for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the "Sole Survivor".

The British television producer Charlie Parsons developed the format for Survivor in 1992 for Planet 24, a United Kingdom television production company; the Swedish version, which debuted in September 1997 as Expedition Robinson, became the first Survivor series to be broadcast on television. Since its launch in 2000, the flagship American version of Survivor has aired 49 seasons of the show. The 50th season, commemorating the show's 25th anniversary, began airing February 2026.
Julia Darrow Cowles
Julia Darrow Cowles (January 6, 1862 – September 6, 1919) was an American children's book writer and storyteller.

She was born in Norwalk, Ohio, to a family of Frank V. Darrow, one of the firm of Darrow Bros in Norwalk. She was a granddaughter of Rev. Allan Darrow who was a Baptist minister in Ohio and one of the founders of Denison University. She received her education in the Central High School of Buffalo, New York. In addition to books, she has also been a contributor to The Youth's Companion,  St. Nicholas, and other juvenile publications.

On October 16, 1883, she  married Francis Dana Cowles in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Denison University
Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, United States. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of William S. Denison, a major early benefactor. The college enrolled 2,300 students in fall 2023. Students choose from 65 academic programs.

The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 26 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.
Laas Geel
Laas Geel (Somali: Laas Geel), also spelled Laas Gaal, are cave formations on the rural outskirts of Hargeisa, Somaliland, situated in the Maroodi Jeex region of the country. They contain some of the earliest known cave paintings of domesticated African aurochs (Bos primigenius africanus) in the Horn of Africa. Laas Geel's rock art is estimated to be approximately 5,500 to 4,500 years old.

Isa Musa
The  Isa Musa , also contemporarily known as the Isamusa (Somali: Ciisemuuse, Arabic: عيسىموسى), also spelled Issamussa, Issamousa, Issemuosa, Issamuse or Isemuse (Full Name: ’Isa ibn Musa ibn Zubayr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad), is a prominent Somali clan which is part of the Isaaq family clan. The Isa Musa traditionally consists of coastal people, nomadic pastoralist and merchants. This clan are primarily settled in Somaliland, including Maroodi Jeex, Togdheer, Sahil, Awdal, Mugadisho,  Djibouti, Yemen, Ethiopia, as well as Kenya.

The Isa Musa have produced many prominent Somali figures with the deputy secretary general of the United Nations Abdulrahim Abby Farah
Canton of Ligny-en-Barrois
The canton of Ligny-en-Barrois is an administrative division of the Meuse department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Ligny-en-Barrois.

It consists of the following communes:

Meuse (department)
Meuse (French pronunciation: [møz] ⓘ) is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse. Meuse is part of the current region of Grand Est and is landlocked and borders by the French departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Belgium to the north. Parts of Meuse belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. It had a population of 184,083 in 2019. Front lines in trench warfare during World War I ran varying courses through the department and it hosted an important battle/offensive in 1916 in and around Verdun.
Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate
The Kyrgyz Khanate, also the Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate or the Ormon Khanate, was a feudal state of the Kyrgyz people established in the northern part of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan that existed from 1841 to 1867. The khanate was proclaimed as a result of the confederation of a number of northern Kyrgyz tribes at the initiative of Ormon Khan in 1841, who became the first ruler of the khanate. After the death of Ormon Khan, his son Umetaaly would succeed him and continue to govern the fragmented khanate, where he would later face Russian annexation in 1867, eventually ending the khanate rule.

Tokmok
Tokmok (Kyrgyz: Токмок, lit. 'hammer'; Russian: Токмак, romanized: Tokmak) is a city in the Chüy Valley, northern Kyrgyzstan, east of the country's capital of Bishkek, with a population of 71,443 in 2021. Its elevation is 816 m above sea level. From 2003 to 2006, it was the administrative seat of Chüy Region. Just to the north is the river Chu and the border with Kazakhstan.

Tokmok was established as a northern military outpost of the Khanate of Kokand c. 1830. Thirty years later, it fell to the Russians who demolished the fort. The modern town was founded in 1864 by Major-General Mikhail Chernyayev.

Tokmok is a district-level city of regional significance within Chüy Region. Although the city is surrounded by the region's Chüy District, it is not a part of it. Its total area is 41 km2 (16 sq mi).
1988–89 Gold Cup
The 1988–89 Gold Cup was the 70th edition of the Gold Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

The tournament was won by Linfield for the 31st time and 2nd consecutive season, defeating Portadown 1–0 in the final at The Oval.

The format was the same as the previous season, with each team playing the other teams in their section once plus one match against a team from the other section. The top two from each section progressed to the semi-finals.

Portadown F.C.
Portadown Football Club is a professional Northern Irish football club who play in the NIFL Premiership.

The club was formed in 1887 as a junior team seeking to participate in the Mid-Ulster Cup, eventually joining the Irish League with the support of other local clubs in 1924. Portadown are part of the Mid-Ulster F.A.

They are based in Portadown, County Armagh and play their home matches at Shamrock Park. The club's colours are red and white. Their home are kit consists of red shirts, red shorts and red socks with white trim on all.

The club badge shows an apple due to Armagh being the 'Orchard County', a shamrock for their home venue and location in Ireland, and a rose for the McGredy family rose growers. The red and white stripes represent Portadown railway station as the 'Hub of the North'.

The club's main rivals are Glenavon, with their matches being known as the "Mid Ulster Derby". The club also has a longstanding rivalry with Glentoran.