hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jan Bake
Jan Bake (1 September 1787 – 26 March 1864) was a Dutch philologist and critic.  He was born in Leiden, and from 1817 to 1854 he was professor of Greek and Roman literature at the university.

His principal works are:-

Posidonii Rhodii Reliquiae Doctrinae (1810)

Cleomedis Circularis Doctrina de Sublimitate (1820)

Bibliotheca Critica Nova (1825–1831)

Scholica Hypomnemata (1837–1862), a collection of essays dealing mainly with Cicero and the Attic orators

Cicero, De Legibus (1842) and De Oratore (1863)

Apsinis et Longini Rhethorica (1849).

His biography was written (in Dutch) by his pupil Bakhuizen van der Brink (1865); for an appreciation of his services to classical literature see L Müller, Geschichte der klassischen Philologie in den Nederlanden (1869).

Latin literature
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language. The beginning of formal Latin literature dates to 240 BC, when the first stage play in Latin was performed in Rome. Latin literature flourished for the next six centuries. The classical era of Latin literature can be roughly divided into several periods: early Latin literature, the golden age, the imperial period and Late Antiquity.

Latin was the language of the ancient Romans as well as being the lingua franca of Western and Central Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Latin literature features the work of Roman authors, such as Cicero, Virgil, Ovid and Horace, but also includes the work of European writers after the fall of the Empire, from religious writers like Aquinas (1225–1274) to secular writers like Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), and Isaac Newton (1642–1727).
Reshetnikov
Reshetnikov (masculine, Russian: Решетников) or Reshetnikova (feminine, Russian: Решетникова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eugene Reshetnikov (born 1957), Russian clergyman

Fyodor Reshetnikov (disambiguation) several people

Igor Reshetnikov (born 1975), Russian soccer coach and former player

Leonid Reshetnikov (footballer) (born 1986), Russian soccer player

Leonid Petrovich Reshetnikov (born 1947), Soviet–Russian secret service agent

Maxim Reshetnikov (born 1979), Russian politician

Tatyana Reshetnikova (born 1966), Russian hurdler

Vasily Reshetnikov (1919–2023), Soviet pilot

Veniamin Reshetnikov (born 1986), Russian sabre fencer

Eugene Reshetnikov
Metropolitan Eugene (Russian: Митрополит Евгений, Estonian: Metropoliit Jevgeni secular name Valery Germanovich Reshetnikov, Russian: Валерий Германович Решетников; born October 9, 1957) is a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia and primate of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (since 2018), former rector of Moscow Theological Academy (1995–2018) and Chairman of the Educational Committee of the Holy Synod (1994–2018). After on January 18, 2024, Estonia announced that it would not renew Reshetnikov's residence permit Reshetnikov left Estonia on February 6, 2024. His residence permit was evoked because he was assessed to be a security risk due to his justification of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and his defense of the Russian government.
Covington and Macon Railroad
The Covington and Macon Railroad was founded in 1885 and began operations in 1887 between Macon and Hillsboro, Georgia. It eventually stretched 102 miles (164 km), operating from Macon to Athens, Georgia. However, it went bankrupt and was sold at public auction in 1891. It was then reorganized as the Macon and Northern Railroad.

Government auction
A government auction or a public auction is an auction held on behalf of a government in which the property to be auctioned is either property owned by the government or property which is sold under the authority of a court of law or a government agency with similar authority.
Empire Icon Award
The Empire Icon Award is an honorary Empire Award presented by the British film magazine Empire. The Empire Icon Award was first introduced at the 11th Empire Awards ceremony in 2006 with Brian Cox receiving the award. The award was absent from the 12th, 17th and 18th Empire Awards ceremonies. Mark Hamill is the most recent winner in this category.

23rd Empire Awards
The 23rd Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Rakuten Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine Empire, honored the best films of 2017. The ceremony took place on 18 March 2018 in London, England at the Roundhouse Theatre. The nominees were announced on 18 January 2018.

These are the last Empire Awards to be held so far.
Volodymyr Hnatiuk
Volodymyr Mykhailovych Hnatiuk (Ukrainian: Володимир Михайлович Гнатюк; 9 May 1871 – 6 October 1926) was a writer, literary scholar, translator, journalist, and one of the most influential and notable Ukrainian ethnographers. He was a close companion of Mykhailo Hrushevsky and Ivan Franko. Hnatiuk focused primarily on West Ukraine, gathering information about folk songs, legends, customs and dialects.
He served as secretary of the Shevchenko Scientific Society (1899), editing “The Ukrainian Historical Journal”, and was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1902) and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1924). He was also the director of the Ukrainian Union of publishing.

Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky  (Ukrainian: Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, romanized: Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevskyi; 29 September [O.S. 17 September] 1866 – 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figures of the Ukrainian national revival of the early 20th century. Hrushevsky is often considered the country's greatest modern historian, the foremost organiser of scholarship, the leader of the pre-revolution Ukrainian national movement, the head of the Central Rada (Ukraine's 1917–1918 revolutionary parliament), and a leading cultural figure in the Ukrainian SSR during the 1920s.
Michael Harris (basketball, born 1999)
Michael Paul Jason Harris (born 5 October 1999) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Adelaide 36ers of the National Basketball League (NBL). He is also contracted with the Rockingham Flames of the NBL1 West. Harris began his NBL career as a training player for the 36ers in the 2018–19 season. After a development player season for the 36ers in 2019–20, he joined the Perth Wildcats in 2022, where he spent three seasons.

Mount Gambier Pioneers
Mount Gambier Pioneers is a NBL1 South club based in Mount Gambier, South Australia. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 South. The club is a division of Basketball Mount Gambier, the major administrative basketball organisation in the state's south-east region. The Pioneers play their home games at Wulanda Recreation and Convention Centre.
2010–11 Cruz Azul season
The 2010–11 Deportivo Cruz Azul season was the 84th season in the football club's history and the 46th consecutive season in the top flight of Mexican football. The season was split into two tournaments—the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura—each with identical formats and each contested by the same eighteen teams. Cruz Azul began their season on July 23, 2010, against Estudiantes Tecos. Cruz Azul played their homes games on Saturdays at 17:00 hours local time.

2010–11 Mexican Primera División
The 2010–11 Primera División Profesional is the 64th professional season top-flight football league. The season is split into two parts Apertura and Clausura each of which includes a tournament —the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura. Each part has an identical format and each is contested by the same eighteen teams.
Hemicholinium-3
Hemicholinium-3 (HC3), also known as hemicholine, is a drug which blocks the reuptake of choline by the high-affinity choline transporter (ChT; encoded in humans by the gene SLC5A7) at the presynapse. The reuptake of choline is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of acetylcholine; hence, hemicholinium-3 decreases the synthesis of acetylcholine. It is therefore classified as an indirect acetylcholine antagonist.

Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and a donated acetyl group from acetyl-CoA, by the action of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Thus, decreasing the amount of choline available to a neuron will decrease the amount of acetylcholine produced. Neurons affected by hemicholinium-3 must rely on the transport of choline from the soma (cell body), rather than relying on reuptake of choline from the synaptic cleft.

Acetyl group
In organic chemistry, an acetyl group is a functional group denoted by the chemical formula −COCH3 and the structure −C(=O)−CH3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac (not to be confused with the element actinium). In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group.

An acetyl group contains a methyl group (−CH3) that is single-bonded to a carbonyl (C=O), making it an acyl group. The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one non-bonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder (denoted with the letter R) of the molecule.

The acetyl moiety is a component of many organic compounds, including acetic acid, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, acetyl-CoA, acetylcysteine, acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol), and acetylsalicylic acid (also known as aspirin).
Results of the 1874–75 New South Wales colonial election
The 1874–75 New South Wales colonial election was for 72 members representing 60 electoral districts. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. In this election there were 8 multi-member districts returning 20 members and 52 single member districts. In the multi-member districts each elector could vote for as many candidates as there were vacancies. 12 districts were uncontested.

There were three districts that did not have a residential or property qualification, Goldfields North (750), Goldfields South (1,400) and Goldfields West (20,000). The average number of enrolled voters per seat in the other districts was 2,078 ranging from The Paterson (551) to Mudgee (7,401). The electoral boundaries were established under the Electoral Act 1858 (NSW).

Electoral district of Goldfields West
Goldfields West was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1880, including the goldfields within a number of western electorates. Rolls were not kept for Gold Fields seats, voters being able to establish their right to vote by presenting either a mining licence or business licence in a proclaimed gold field that had been held for at least six months. Voters could also appear on the roll for general districts, but were prevented from voting in both their resident general district and the overlaying Gold Fields district.
Regional Government of Ica
The Regional Government of Ica (Spanish: Gobierno Regional de Ica; GORE Ica) is the regional government that represents the Department of Ica. It is the body with legal identity in public law and its own assets, which is in charge of the administration of provinces of the department in Peru. Its purpose is the social, cultural and economic development of its constituency. It is based in the city of Ica.

Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or legal entity that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. The reason for the term "legal person" is that some legal persons are not human persons: companies and corporations (i.e., business entities) are persons, legally speaking (they can legally do most of the things an ordinary person can do), but they are not, in a literal sense, human beings.

Legal personhood is a prerequisite to legal capacity (the ability of any legal person to amend – i.e. enter into, transfer, etc. – rights and obligations): it is a prerequisite for an international organization being able to sign international treaties in its own name.
Inclán (surname)
Inclán is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Miguel Inclán (1900–1956), Mexican actor

Rafael Inclán (born 1941), Mexican actor

Rafael Guas Inclán (1896–1975), Cuban politician

Ramón Meza y Suárez Inclán (1861–1911), Cuban literary critic, historian, and professor

Rafael Inclán
Rafael Jiménez Inclán (born February 22, 1941) is a Mexican actor. He has starred in movies (several of them of which are so-called ficheras), telenovelas (Spanish soap operas), and stage works. His career began in 1969. He is actor Alfonso Zayas Inclán's cousin.

Inclán was born in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
The Things That You Do
"The Things That You Do" is a song by American R&B singer Gina Thompson from her debut album, Nobody Does It Better (1996). The single version was released as the Bad Boy Remix featuring Missy Elliott, who gained notability and mainstream attention for her unique signature, "hee-hee-how" punchline. Elliott's contribution managed to help the single crack the top 20 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, where it peaked at number 12 and spent a total of 29 weeks. The song also appeared on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at number 41.

In 2007, the song's chorus was sampled and covered by American musical duo Nina Sky in DJ Envy & Red Café's single, "Things You Do".

Nina Sky
Nina Sky is an American musical duo, consisting of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino. Their debut single "Move Ya Body", released from their self-titled debut album in 2004, was a success, reaching number four on the Billboard Hot 100. Their most recent album, Nicole and Natalie, was released in July 2012.
Carsphairn and Scaur Hills
55°13′01″N 4°01′01″W﻿ / ﻿55.217°N 4.0170°W﻿ / 55.217; -4.0170
The Carsphairn and Scaur Hills are the western and eastern hills respectively of a hill range in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Ordnance Survey maps don't have a general name for the hill area as a whole. Also, Ordnance Survey use "Scar" rather than the local spelling of "Scaur" - the word is pronounced as "Scar" however. In their Landranger Series of maps, it requires four separate sheets to cover the area.

New Cumnock
New Cumnock is a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It expanded during the coal-mining era from the late 18th century, and mining remained its key industry until its pits were shut in the 1960s. The village is 5+3⁄4 miles (9.5 kilometres) southeast of Cumnock, and 21 miles (34 kilometres) east of Ayr.
Francis Crossing
Francis Crossing (1598–1638) of Exeter, Devon, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1626 to 1629.

Crossing was the son of Hugh Crossing, Mayor of Exeter, by his wife Joane Barret, daughter of John Barret of Barnstaple, Devon. He matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford on 11 May 1615 aged 16. In 1626 he was elected Member of Parliament for  Mitchell, Cornwall. He was elected MP for Camelford, Cornwall, in 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles I commenced his Personal Rule for eleven years.

Barnstaple
Barnstaple (/ˈbɑːrnstəbəl/ ⓘ or /ˈbɑːrnstəpəl/) is a town and civil parish in the North Devon district of Devon, England. The town lies at the River Taw's lowest crossing point before the Bristol Channel. From the 14th century, it was licensed to export wool from which it earned great wealth. Later it imported Irish wool, but its harbour silted up and other trades developed such as shipbuilding, foundries and sawmills. A Victorian market building survives, with a high glass and timber roof on iron columns.
Tourism in Switzerland
Tourists are drawn to Switzerland's diverse landscape as well as the available activities, which take advantage of the Alpine climate and landscapes, in particular skiing and mountaineering, but also due to the many old town centers, with their historic buildings that often preserve parts of their medieval fortifications, and Roman sites. Switzerland is also popular for tourism-oriented railways, as well as for its cheese and chocolate.

As of 2016, tourism accounted for an estimated 2.6% (CHF 16.8 billion) of Switzerland's GDP, compared to 2.6% (CHF 12.8 billion) in 2001.

Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva is a deep lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône. Sixty percent (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) of the lake belongs to Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Valais) and forty percent (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) to France (the department of Haute-Savoie).
Type 67 mortar
The Type 67 82mm Mortar is Chinese infantry support weapon developed in 1967. It is a modernization of the older Type 53 82mm mortar, which is the Chinese copy of Soviet PM-41 82mm mortar.

The mortar was widely used in the Vietnam War by the People's Army of Vietnam (NVA). This mortar can be used in nearly horizontal direction, which means it can be used to destroy pillboxes and obstructions.

The Type 67 82mm mortar can use different types of shells. The shrapnel of this mortar weights 3.32 kg, with a 0.4 kg TNT, and the lethal radius of this shrapnel is 26m.

Blast radius
A physical blast radius is the distance from the source that will be affected when an explosion occurs. A blast radius is often associated with bombs, mines, explosive projectiles (propelled grenades), and other weapons with an explosive charge. The term also has usages in computer programming.
2022 U.S. Pro Women's Clay Court Championships – Doubles
Quinn Gleason and Ingrid Neel were the defending champions but Gleason chose not to participate. Neel partnered alongside Alycia Parks but lost in the first round to Irina Bara and Lucrezia Stefanini.

Sophie Chang and Angela Kulikov won the title, defeating Bara and Stefanini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, [10–8].

Ingrid Neel
Ingrid Neel (born June 16, 1998) is an American-Estonian professional tennis player. She has specialized in doubles and has won four titles on the WTA Tour and three titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. In addition, she has won two singles and 14 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 6 May 2024, she achieved a career-high of No. 33 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Shoresh Ismail Abdulla
Shoresh Ismail Abdulla (Kurdish: شۆڕش ئیسماعیل عەبدوڵڵا) born in 1956 is a Kurdish politician who has been the Minister of Peshmerga Affairs in the Kurdistan Regional Government since July 10, 2019, on behalf of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). Shorsh has a bachelor's degree in law.

Abdulla was the head of the PUK headquarters in Sulaymaniyah (1993–94) and Shahrizor (1994–97). He was then head of the Gali Kurdistan Martyr's Organization in Sulaymaniyah (2002–05) and deputy head of the Kurdistan Patriotic Union Party's Organization (2005–08). Since 2008, he has been head of the electoral Kurdistan Patriotic Union Party's office.

Shahrizor
Shahrizor or Shahrezur (Kurdish: شارەزوور, romanized: Şarezûr) is a fertile plain in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, situated in the Silêmanî Governorate and west of Hewraman. Shahrizor plain is watered by the tributaries of Tanjaro river which flows to Diyala and Tigris rivers.
Naruto Strait
Naruto Strait (鳴門海峡, Naruto-kaikyō) is a strait between Awaji Island and Shikoku in Japan. It connects Harima Nada, the eastern part of the Inland Sea and the Kii Channel. A famous feature of the strait is the Naruto whirlpools. In 1950, it was included as part of the Setonaikai National Park.

Ōnaruto Bridge, the southern part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, crosses over it. It was built in 1985, leading to the cessation of ferry services in 1995 due to low demand. Mopeds are forbidden from driving on the bridge for safety reasons.

An annual "Whirlpool Opening" celebration is held every year with the arrival of the spring tide by Naruto City's tourism association. The strong currents of the strait create vortexes that can reach up to 20 meters in diameter at a speed of 20 kph.

Strait
A strait is a water body connecting two seas or water basins. The surface water is, for the most part, at the same elevation on both sides and can flow through the strait in either direction, although the topography generally constricts the flow somewhat. In some straits, there is a dominant directional current. Most commonly, the strait is a narrow channel that lies between two land masses. Straits are loci for sediment accumulation, with sand-sized deposits usually occurring on the two strait exits, forming subaqueous fans or deltas. Some straits are not navigable because they are too narrow, too shallow, or due to the presence of a reef or archipelago.
Lampitt Nunatak
Lampitt Nunatak (66°57′S 65°47′W﻿ / ﻿66.950°S 65.783°W﻿ / -66.950; -65.783) is a nunatak near the head of Murphy Glacier, in Graham Land, Antarctica. It was photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1955–57, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1958 for Leslie H. Lampitt (1887–1957), a chemist who contributed many ideas for concentrated rations used by British polar expeditions during the period 1937–57.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Spercheios
The Spercheios (Greek: Σπερχειός, Sperkheiós), also known as the Spercheus from its Latin name, is a river in Phthiotis in central Greece. It is 80 km (50 mi) long, and its drainage area is 1,830 km2 (710 sq mi). It was worshipped as a god in the ancient Greek religion and appears in some collections of Greek mythology. In antiquity, its upper valley was known as Ainis. In AD 997, its valley was the site of the Battle of Spercheios, which ended Bulgarian incursions into the Byzantine Empire.

It is referenced in a surviving fragment of Aeschylus' play Philoctetes, quoted in The Frogs, as a place for cattle.

Philoctetes (Sophocles play)
Philoctetes (Ancient Greek: Φιλοκτήτης, Philoktētēs; English pronunciation: /ˌfɪləkˈtiːtiːz/, stressed on the third syllable, -tet-) is a play by Sophocles (Aeschylus and Euripides also each wrote a Philoctetes but theirs have not survived). The play was written during the Peloponnesian War. It is one of the seven extant tragedies by Sophocles. It was first performed at the City Dionysia in 409 BC, where it won first prize. The story takes place during the last year of the Trojan War (after the majority of the events of the Iliad). It describes the attempt by Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, and Odysseus, king of Ithaca, to bring the disabled Philoctetes, the master archer, from the island of Lemnos to Troy in the hopes that he and his bow might help end the Trojan War.