hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 Serbian local elections
Local elections were held in Serbia on 11 May 2008, concurrently with the 2008 Serbian parliamentary election and the 2008 Vojvodina provincial election. A re-vote was held at three poling stations in Belgrade on 18 May 2008 due to irregularities in the voting process.

New Serbia (political party)
New Serbia (Serbian: Нова Србија, romanized: Nova Srbija, NS) is a right-wing political party in Serbia. It was established in 1998 by a group of dissidents led by Velimir Ilić from the Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO).
2023 National Beach Soccer Championship
The 2023 National Beach Soccer Championship was the inaugural edition of the National Beach Soccer Championship, an annual Beach soccer tournament in India organised by the All India Football Federation (AIFF).

Beach soccer
Beach soccer, also known as beach football, sand football or sand soccer, is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand between two teams of five players each.

Association football has long been played informally on beaches. Beach soccer was introduced in 1992 as an effort to codify rules for the game by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide, a company set up to develop the sport and responsible for the majority of its tournaments. FIFA has held the Beach Soccer World Cup biennially since 2005.

The first international matches were played in 1993 for men and 2009 for women. As of July 2023, there are 193 men's and 64 women's clubs and 101 men's and 23 women's national teams sorted in the Beach Soccer Worldwide Rankings.
Ron Fowler (politician)
Ron Fowler is an American politician who was elected member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 31st district in 2024. His district is located in Jackson County, covers the western and northeastern parts of Blue Springs. He won the primary election to succeed Dan Stacy. In the general election he won the seat with 55.7% of the vote.

Fowler earned dual bachelor's degrees from the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC).

Professionally, he is the Public Safety Advisory Board council liaison and a manager at Lake City Ammunition Plant. He was a member of Blue Springs City Council.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Étoile du Roy
Étoile du Roy (English: "King's Star"), formerly Grand Turk, is a tall ship launched in 1997. Designed to represent a generic European warship during the Age of Sail, her design was modelled after HMS Blandford, a sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. The ship was built in Marmaris, Turkey between 1996 and 1997 to provide a replica of a British frigate for the production of the ITV Network series Hornblower. In 2010, the French company Étoile Marine Croisières, based in Saint-Malo, purchased the ship and renamed her Étoile du Roy. Having been featured in several films or television series, she is currently used mainly in sailing events, for corporate or private charter, and for receptions in her spacious saloon or on her deck.

Tall ship
A tall ship is a large, traditionally-rigged sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners, brigantines, brigs and barques. "Tall ship" can also be defined more specifically by an organization, such as for a race or festival.
2018 Open Sopra Steria de Lyon – Doubles
Sander Gillé and Joran Vliegen were the defending champions but only Vliegen chose to defend his title, partnering Rameez Junaid. Vliegen lost in the quarterfinals to Pedro Martínez and David Vega Hernández.

Elliot Benchetrit and Geoffrey Blancaneaux won the title after defeating Hsieh Cheng-peng and Luca Margaroli 6–3, 4–6, [10–7] in the final.

Sander Gillé
Sander Gillé (born 15 January 1991) is a Belgian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 18 by the ATP, achieved on 25 September 2023. He also has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 574, reached on 24 December 2018.
Gillé has won eight ATP Tour doubles titles with partner Joran Vliegen, including an ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2024 Monte-Carlo Masters.
Plasmodium mexicanum
Plasmodium mexicanum is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Paraplasmodium.

Like all Plasmodium species P. mexicanum has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.

Western fence lizard
The western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is a species of lizard native to Arizona, New Mexico, and California, as well as Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Northern Mexico.  The species is widely found in its native range and is considered common, often being seen in yards, or as the name implies, on fences. As the ventral abdomen of an adult is characteristically blue, it is also known as the blue-belly. Two western fence lizards have been reported with duplicated or forked tails, presumably following an autotomy.
Killarney Racecourse
Killarney Racecourse is a horse racing venue in Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland which stages both National Hunt and Flat racing. Racing at Killarney has been taking place since 1822. The course is a left-handed oval, one mile and two furlongs in circumference.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Meathop
Meathop is a village in the non-metropolitan county of Westmorland and Furness and the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. Historically in Westmorland, it is located 3.6 miles (5.8 km) north east of Grange over Sands, between the confluence of the River Kent estuary and the River Winster on the edge of Morecambe Bay.

The most prominent building is Meathop Hall, a Grade II listed 17th century house which has since been divided into two. It consists of two floors with dormers, and has round Westmorland chimneys and an ornamented embattled or 'Yorkshire' lintel over the front door.

Westmorland Sanatorium, later known as Meathop Hospital, was a sanatorium for patients with tuberculosis. It opened in 1891 and closed in 1991 when it was converted into apartments and renamed as Meathop Grange.

Morecambe Bay
Morecambe Bay forms part of the Irish Sea, bordered by the English counties of Cumbria to the north and Lancashire to the east and south. It is the largest expanse of intertidal mudflats and sand in the United Kingdom, covering a total area of 120 sq mi (310 km2). In 1974, the second largest gas field in the UK was discovered 25 mi (40 km) west of Blackpool, with original reserves of over 7 trillion cubic feet (tcf) (200 billion cubic metres). At its peak, 15% of Britain's gas supply came from the bay but production is now in decline. Morecambe Bay is also an important wildlife site, with abundant birdlife and varied marine habitats.
Julius Kollmann
Julius Kollmann (24 February 1834, Holzheim am Forst – 24 June 1918, Basel) was a German anatomist, zoologist and anthropologist.

He studied at the universities of Munich and Berlin, then furthered his education in London and Paris. In 1859 he received his doctorate, qualifying as lecturer at Munich in 1862. Beginning in 1878, he served as a full professor of anatomy at the University of Basel. In 1888 he was chosen as university rector.

Known for his work in the fields of descriptive anatomy and histology, he eventually became associated with studies involving evolutionary theory, developmental history and anthropology. In 1884 Kollmann introduced the term "neoteny" to define the transformation process where animals such as newts mature sexually while still in the larval form. As an anthropologist, he conducted analyses of prehistoric skulls found at Auvernier and Schweizersbild.

Newt
A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however. More than 100 known species of newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Newts metamorphose through three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic larva, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. Adult newts have lizard-like bodies and return to the water every year to breed, otherwise living in humid, cover-rich land habitats.

Newts are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and pollution. Several species are endangered, and at least one species, the Yunnan lake newt, has been considered extinct since 1979.
Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)
"Wish You Were Here" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, Goodbye Lullaby (2011). The song was released on September 9, 2011, by RCA Records as the third and final single from the album. "Wish You Were Here" was written by Lavigne along with the song's producers Max Martin and Shellback. According to Lavigne, the song shows her vulnerable side. Critical reception toward the song was positive, with critics praising it as a highlight on the album.

The accompanying music video for "Wish You Were Here" was directed by Dave Meyers and it premiered on September 9, 2011. Lavigne described the video as different from her previous work. Upon its release on the Internet, it received mixed to positive reviews from music critics who praised Lavigne's portrayal of emotions, and described it as dark. She further added "Wish You Were Here" to the set list of her tour, The Black Star Tour.

MTV News
MTV News was the news production division of MTV. The service was available in the US with localized versions on MTV's global network and an online news team. In 2016, MTV refreshed the MTV News brand to compete with the likes of BuzzFeed and Vice, but by mid-2017 MTV News was significantly downsized due to cutbacks.

MTV News content was available from respective MTV websites, Apps, YouTube and on-air.

In November 2018, MTV News began producing daily updates on Twitter titled MTV News: You Need to Know. Later titled MTV News Need to Know, the show evolved to a digital series that covered trending topics from pop culture to social justice issues to electoral politics and beyond.

On May 9, 2023, it was announced that the division would close. The associated website shut down on June 24, 2024.
CorpComms
CorpComms was a monthly trade magazine targeted at the in-house communicator. Published in London, it was distributed throughout the UK and internationally. It ceased publication in 2025.

The magazine offered advice and articles on a range of topical subjects, such as social media, digital media, internal communications, sponsorship and corporate social responsibility.

The magazine ran regular features including interviews with leading in-house communicators, experts offering their 'top ten tips' on a variety of topics, and a series of personal views written by in-house communicators and an analysis of developments in the world of media.

CorpComms also published a weekly newsletter and hosted a website of the same name.

Trade magazine
A trade magazine, also called a business-to-business magazine, trade journal, or trade paper (colloquially or disparagingly a trade rag), is a magazine or newspaper whose target audience is people who work in a particular trade or industry. The collective term for this area of publishing is the trade press.
Nemaha Ridge
The Nemaha Ridge (also called the Nemaha Uplift and the Nemaha Anticline) is located in the Central United States.  It is a buried structural zone associated with a granite high in the Pre-Cambrian basement that extends from approximately Omaha, Nebraska to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The ridge is associated with the seismically active Humboldt Fault zone. It is also associated with the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift System, which extends into northern Kansas about fifty miles west of the Nemaha.

Along the Nemaha Ridge is a series of faults referred to as the "Nemaha Fault Zone". The long term uplift along the ridge has been attributed to isostatic uplift due to the anomalously thick crust adjacent to the Midcontinent Rift.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Circulation (physics)
In physics, circulation is the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve embedded in the field. In fluid dynamics, the field is the fluid velocity field. In electrodynamics, it can be the electric or the magnetic field.

The term circulation was introduced by William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) in 1869 to denote the line integral of velocity around a closed curve as a kinematic measure of rotational motion in a fluid, independent of any particular application.
In aerodynamics, circulation appears in a more specialised context in relation to the calculation of lift, where it is evaluated on contours enclosing a body under additional flow assumptions. In this context, circulation was first used independently by Frederick Lanchester, Ludwig Prandtl, Martin Kutta and Nikolay Zhukovsky. It is usually denoted by Γ (uppercase gamma).

Ludwig Prandtl
Ludwig Prandtl (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈpʁantl̩]; 4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlying the science of aerodynamics, which have come to form the basis of the applied science of aeronautical engineering. In the 1920s, he developed the mathematical basis for the fundamental principles of subsonic aerodynamics in particular; and in general up to and including transonic velocities. His studies identified the boundary layer, thin-airfoils, and lifting-line theories. The Prandtl number was named after him.
Frederick Sears (priest)
Frederick Williams Sears (1871 – 9 November 1955) was Archdeacon of Cheltenham from 1932 until 1943.

Sears  was born in Taunton in 1871 and educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He was ordained after a period of study at Wells Theological College in 1899 and began his ecclesiastical career with curacies in Ryhope and Gloucester. He was the Vicar of Nailsworth from 1908 until 1915; Rector of Minchinhampton from 1915 to 1918, and then Leckhampton from 1928 to 1938.

A Canon Residentiary of Gloucester Cathedral from 1938 to 1943, he died at Milford on Sea on 9 November 1955.

Nailsworth
Nailsworth is a town and civil parish in the Stroud District in Gloucestershire, England, lying in one of the Stroud Valleys in the Cotswolds, on the A46 road, four miles (six kilometres) south of Stroud and about 25 miles (40 kilometres) northeast of Bristol and Bath. The parish had a population of 5,688 at the 2021 census.
China–Peru relations
China–Peru relations (Chinese: 中秘关系; pinyin: Zhōng mì guānxì; Spanish: Relaciones China-Perú) are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Peru. Peru is the first Latin American country which China established formal ties, which was done by the Qing dynasty in August 1875. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the United Nations.

Relations between both nations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers—the Confucius Institute.

Carlos Boloña
Carlos Boloña Behr (27 July 1950 – 17 October 2018) was a Peruvian economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Economy and Finance from 1991 to 1993, and again from July to November 2000 under the administration of President Alberto Fujimori.
2016 Vuelta a Asturias
The 2016 Vuelta a Asturias was the 59th edition of the Vuelta a Asturias cycling stage race. The race included three stages: it started on 30 April with a stage from Oviedo to Alto del Acebo (Cangas del Narcea) and finished on 2 May with a stage that started in Bueño and then finished back in Oviedo. The defending champion was Igor Antón (Movistar Team).

The race was won by Hugh Carthy (Caja Rural–Seguros RGA), who won a solo victory on the first stage and then finished in the third position on the last stage to secure victory by 22 seconds.

Igor Antón
Igor Antón Hernández (born 2 March 1983) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2005 and 2018 for the Euskaltel–Euskadi, Movistar Team and Team Dimension Data squads.
Salim Abd an-Nur
Salim Abd an-Nur (Arabic: سالم عبد النور), a Lebanese Greek Catholic politician. He graduated from the Jesuit School in Beirut, after which he pursued a business career. His political life began in 1959, when he successfully ran for parliament in the by-poll in Chouf District after the killing on the incumbent parliamentarian Na'im Mghabghab. He was re-elected in 1960 as a Progressive Socialist Party candidate, but was defeated in 1964 and 1968. He managed to retake his seat in the 1972 elections.

1972 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon between 16 and 30 April 1972. Independent candidates won a majority of seats, although most of them were considered members of various blocs. Voter turnout was 54.4%.
William Brown (Manitoba politician)
William Brown (21 February 1870 - 9 November 1943) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 to 1927.

Brown lived in Roland, Manitoba.  He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1922 provincial election as a candidate of the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM), defeating independent candidate Herbert Robinson by 141 votes in the constituency of Dufferin.

The UFM unexpectedly formed government after this election, and Brown served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's administration for the next five years.  He did not seek re-election in 1927.

William Brown died at Carman on 9 November 1943 and was buried in the Carman Cemetery.

Carman, Manitoba
Carman is an agricultural town of about 3,000 people in the Pembina Valley Region of southern Manitoba, Canada. Carman is at the junction of Highways 3 and 13, 40 minutes southwest of Winnipeg.  It is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Dufferin, in the heart of a rich prairie agricultural belt, 60 km (37 mi) north of the American state of North Dakota. The Boyne River passes through Carman.
Zig (lizard)
Zig is a genus of lizard in the family Scincidae, endemic to the white sand regions of the Mahajanga basin of Madagascar. The genus contains a single species, Zig zag, which is closely to Paracontias and Madascincus, two other Malagasy genera in the subfamily Scincinae. Zig is characterized by an elongate, completely limbless body and the absence of opening eyes. The dorsum is a light beige-gold in color, while the underside is a much darker, almost black, shade.

Beige
Beige (/beɪʒ/ BAYZH) is variously described as a pale sandy fawn color, a grayish tan,  a light-grayish yellowish brown, or a pale to grayish yellow. It takes its name from French, where the word originally meant natural wool that has been neither bleached nor dyed, hence also the color of natural wool.

The word "beige" has come to be used to describe a variety of light tints chosen for their neutral or pale warm appearance.

Beige began to commonly be used as a term for a color in France beginning approximately 1855–1860; the writer Edmond de Goncourt used it in the novel La Fille Elisa in 1877. The first recorded use of beige as a color name in English was in 1887.

Beige is notoriously difficult to produce in traditional offset CMYK printing because of the low levels of inks used on each plate; often it will print in purple or green and vary within a print run.

Beige is also a popular color in clothing, such as for men's trousers, as well as for interior design.
Pristimantis simonbolivari
Pristimantis simonbolivari is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and known only from the region of its type locality, Cashca Totoras, Cordillera Occidental, in the Bolívar Province (central Ecuador). The specific name simonbolivari honors Simón Bolívar. Common name Simon's ground frog has been proposed for it.

Cordillera Occidental (Ecuador)
The Cordillera Occidental range is one of two main mountain ranges in the Andes in Ecuador, the other being the Cordillera Central. It spans the whole country from north to south. The highest peak of the Cordillera Occidental is Chimborazo (6,267 metres (20,561 ft)). The range extends from south to north dividing from the Colombian Massif in Nariño Department, passes north through Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Chocó, and Caldas Departments to the Paramillo Massif in Antioquia and Córdoba Departments.
2009–10 Four Hills Tournament
The 2009–10 Four Hills Tournament was held at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 29 December 2009 and 6 January 2010.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.