hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paal–Knorr synthesis
The Paal–Knorr synthesis is a reaction used to synthesize substituted furans, pyrroles, or thiophenes from 1,4-diketones. It is a synthetically valuable method for obtaining substituted furans and pyrroles, which are common structural components of many natural products. It was initially reported independently by German chemists Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr in 1884 as a method for the preparation of furans, and has been adapted for pyrroles and thiophenes. Although the Paal–Knorr synthesis has seen widespread use, the mechanism wasn't fully understood until it was elucidated by V. Amarnath et al. in the 1990s.

The furan synthesis requires an acid catalyst:

Paal–Knorr furan synthesis

In the pyrrole synthesis a primary amine participates:

Paal–Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis

and in that of thiophene for instance the compound phosphorus pentasulfide:

Paal-Knorr thiophene synthesis

Pyrrole
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic, aromatic, organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. It is a colorless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g., N-methylpyrrole, C4H4NCH3. Porphobilinogen, a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor to many natural products such as heme.

Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrinogens and products derived therefrom, including porphyrins of heme, the chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and chlorophylls.
Usambara eagle-owl
The Usambara eagle-owl, also called the East African nduk eagle-owl or Vosseier's eagle-owl, (Ketupa poensis vosseleri) is a taxon of owl in the family Strigidae. It is now regarded as a subspecies of Fraser's eagle-owl (Bubo poensis). It is endemic to the Usambara Mountains in Tanga Region of Tanzania.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
1998 Five Nations Championship
The 1998 Five Nations Championship was the 69th series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the hundred-and-fourth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. In total, ten matches were played over five weekends from 7 February to 5 April. France won it with a Grand Slam. England had the consolation of winning the Triple Crown, the Calcutta Cup and the Millennium Trophy.

Millennium Trophy
The Millennium Trophy (Irish: Corn na Mílaoise) is a rugby union award contested annually by England and Ireland as part of the Six Nations Championship. It was initiated in 1988 as part of Dublin's millennial celebrations. The trophy has the shape of a horned Viking helmet. As of 2026, England have won it 21 times and Ireland 18 times. It was made by an American silversmith, Charles Zanoni, in his studio in Bray, Co.Wicklow.

Ireland are the current holders after beating England at Twickenham Stadium on 21 February 2026.
Faroeste Caboclo
"Faroeste Caboclo" (English: Caboclo Western) is a song composed by Renato Russo and recorded by Brazilian rock band Legião Urbana. Written in 1979, the song was released in 1987 in the album Que País É Este.

The song is a lengthy ballad that depicts the story of João de Santo Cristo, a poor man from the Brazilian Northeast who moves to Brasília in search of a better life, gets involved in drug trafficking, briefly abandons the life of crime to pursue a woman and is finally murdered by a rival.

Despite its unusual characteristics for a folk song (168 different lines, no chorus and 9 minutes of playing time), "Faroeste Caboclo" was acclaimed by critics.

It is widely regarded as a Brazilian rock classic, as well as one of the greatest Brazilian rock songs of all time. A film adaptation was released in 2013.

Legião Urbana
Legião Urbana (Portuguese for Urban Legion) was a Brazilian rock band formed in 1982 in Brasília, Distrito Federal. The band primarily consisted of Renato Russo (vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards), Dado Villa-Lobos (guitar), Renato Rocha (bass), and Marcelo Bonfá (drums, keyboards). Rocha left the band in 1989, and the band continued as a trio until their disbandment, with Russo becoming the band's de facto bassist after Rocha's departure. Following Rocha's death in 2015, Villa-Lobos and Bonfá are the last surviving members of the band's principal lineup.

While Legião Urbana disbanded officially in 1996, after Russo's death from AIDS, yet today they are considered one of the most influential Brazilian rock bands in music history, alongside Os Mutantes, Titãs, Os Paralamas do Sucesso, and Barão Vermelho, and are considered to be pioneers of Brazilian rock.
Briff Lane Meadows
Briff Lane Meadows is a 8.9-hectare (22-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Thatcham in Berkshire.

These meadows have unimproved traditionally managed grassland, a small stream, blackthorn dominated scrub, belts of woodland along the field edges and hedges. Most of the site is poorly drained and seasonally waterlogged, but there are dry areas which have large populations of cowslip, heath-grass, devil's-bit scabious and dyer's greenweed.

The site is private land with no public access.

Succisa pratensis
Succisa pratensis, known as devil's-bit scabious or simply devil's-bit, is a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, formerly included in the teasel family Dipsacaceae. It is common throughout northern Europe and western Asia in heathland, unimproved damp grassland and chalk or limestone grassland, where it is restricted to nutrient-poor soils. It has decreased somewhat due to agricultural intensification in many areas, but remains widespread and even common throughout its range. Its name derives from the curiously truncated root, which in ancient times was thought to be associated with magical or medicinal properties.
August 1962 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, August 15, 1962, with an umbral magnitude of −0.3615. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 1.6 days before perigee (on August 17, 1962, at 9:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
Joseph Fessio
Joseph Fessio SJ (born January 10, 1941) is an American Jesuit priest, as well as the founder and editor of Ignatius Press. After studying with Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI), he founded the St. Ignatius Institute at the University of San Francisco, one of the first Catholic Great Books programs in the United States, then served as the founding provost of Ave Maria University. He hosts the weekly podcast Father Fessio in Five.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
Guri (1986 film)
Guri (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1986 Indian Kannada-language action film directed by P. Vasu and produced by Parvathamma Rajkumar under Poornima Enterprises. The film stars Dr. Rajkumar, Archana, Mukhyamantri Chandru and Jai Jagadish, while Pandari Bai makes a cameo appearance. The music was composed by Rajan–Nagendra, while cinematography and editing were handled by V. K. Kannan and P. Bhakthavathsalam. P. Vasu remade the film in Tamil in 1991 as Adhikari, thus making it the last film of Dr. Rajkumar which was remade in other language.

Mukhyamantri Chandru
Honnasandra Narasimhaiah Chandrashekar (born 28 August 1953), known popularly as Mukhyamantri Chandru, is an Indian actor and politician. As an actor, he is known for his work in Kannada theatre and cinema. The sobriquet Mukhyamantri (Chief Minister) stuck to his name after the play of the same name that sees him portray the title role became widely popular. Having portrayed mostly comic and negative roles throughout his career, Chandru is a character actor, and has acted in over 500 films since making his debut in 1983.

Chandru joined the Janata Party in 1985 and won the year's assembly elections from Gauribidanur. Switching to Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), he became a member of the legislative council in 1998 and 2004. He served as the chairperson of the Kannada Development Authority till 2013 before quitting the party to join the Indian National Congress (INC) in 2014. Eight years later, he joined the Aam Aadmi Party.
INTLAB
INTLAB (INTerval LABoratory) is an interval arithmetic library using MATLAB and GNU Octave, available in Windows and Linux, macOS. It was developed by S.M. Rump from Hamburg University of Technology. INTLAB was used to develop other MATLAB-based libraries such as VERSOFT and INTSOLVER, and it was used to solve some problems in the Hundred-dollar, Hundred-digit Challenge problems.

Hamburg University of Technology
The Hamburg University of Technology (in German Technische Universität Hamburg, abbreviated TUHH (HH as acronym of Hamburg state) or TU Hamburg) is a public research university in Germany. The university was founded in 1978 and in 1982/83 lecturing followed. Around 110 senior lecturers/professors and 1,410 members of staff (802 scientists, including externally funded researchers) work at the TUHH.

It is located in Harburg, a district in the south of Hamburg.
Nick Carter (cyclist)
Thomas Russell "Nick" Carter (5 September 1924 – 23 November 2003) was a racing cyclist from Nelson, New Zealand, who won a silver medal in the men's road race at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland. He also competed in the road race at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

Carter was educated at Nelson College from 1937 to 1939. He died in 2003 and his ashes were buried in Marsden Valley Cemetery, Stoke.

New Zealand National Road Race Championships
The New Zealand National Road Race Championship is a road bicycle race that takes place inside the New Zealand National Cycling Championship, and decides the best cyclist in this type of race. The first edition took place in 1934. The first winner was Frank Grose. The record for the most wins in the men's championship is held by Gordon McCauley with 5. The current champion is Paul Wright. The women's record is held by Rushlee Buchanan and with 4 wins.
The U23 and elite race together in a combined race where the first across the line is the national champion. In 2019 James Fouché was the first to cross the line however being an U23 meant he was the outright national champion the same also occurred for Georgia Christie.
Dovercourt Park
Dovercourt Park or Dovercourt Village is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada situated north of Bloor Street between Christie Street to the east, the CPR railway lines to the north, and Dufferin Street to the west.

Bloor Street
Bloor Street is an east–west arterial street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Bloor Street runs from the Prince Edward Viaduct, which spans the Don River Valley, westward into Mississauga where it ends at Central Parkway. East of the viaduct, Danforth Avenue continues along the same right-of-way. The street, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) long, contains a significant cross-sample of Toronto's ethnic communities. It is also home to Toronto's famous shopping street, the Mink Mile.

A portion of Line 2 of the Bloor-Danforth subway line runs along Bloor from Kipling Avenue to the Don Valley Parkway, and then continues east along Danforth Avenue.
Kunikov
Kunikov (Russian: Куников) is a Russian male surname, its feminine counterpart is Kunikova. Notable people with the surname include:

Tsezar Kunikov (1909–1943), Soviet naval officer
2280 Kunikov, a minor planet named after him
Russian ship Tsezar Kunikov, a landing ship named after him

Russian ship Tsezar Kunikov
Tsezar Kunikov (BDK-64) (Russian: «Цезарь Куников» (БДК-64); NATO reporting name: Ropucha-I class), sometimes anglicised as Caesar Kunikov, was a Project 775, large landing ship of the Russian Navy. The ship was built in Polish People's Republic, launched in 1986 and named after Soviet Naval Infantry officer Tsezar Kunikov. As part of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, it took part in the KFOR mission, the Russo-Georgian War, the Syrian Civil War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War.

On 14 February 2024, the Ukrainian military announced its forces had hit the ship with several unmanned surface vehicles (USV) while it was off Crimea, which they say caused it to sink. The sinking of the ship has been confirmed by Russian sources.
Apostles' Fast
The Apostles' Fast, also called the Fast of the Holy Apostles, the Fast of Peter and Paul, or sometimes St. Peter's Fast, is a fast observed by Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Catholic, and Eastern Protestant Christians. In the Byzantine tradition, the Fast begins on the second Monday after Pentecost (the day after All Saints' Sunday), whereas in the Coptic and old Syriac traditions, the Fast begins on the first Monday after Pentecost.

It continues until the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul on June 29. Traditionally, its duration varies from eight to forty-two days because of the moveable nature of Pascha. However, in Eastern Orthodox churches that follow the Revised Julian calendar, the fast can be as long as 29 days, or may not occur at all in some years.

Moveable feast
A moveable feast is an observance in a Christian liturgical calendar which  occurs on different dates in different years. It is the complement of a fixed feast, an annual celebration that is held on the same calendar date every year, such as Christmas.
Angling Spring Wood
Angling Spring Wood is in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England with an area of 16.37 hectares (40.5 acres). It is owned by Chiltern District Council. The woodland is located close to Gipsy House, the former residence of Roald Dahl. The author regularly walked in the woods, gaining inspiration to write Danny, the Champion of the World and Fantastic Mr Fox.

Chiltern District
Chiltern District was a local government district of Buckinghamshire in south-central England from 1974 to 2020.  It was named after the Chiltern Hills on which the region sits.

The two towns in the district were Amersham, where the council was based, and Chesham. The district also included the villages of Chalfont St Peter, Chalfont St Giles, Little Chalfont, Great Missenden and Prestwood.
Hilda Hewlett
Hilda Beatrice Hewlett (17 February 1864 – 21 August 1943) was an early aviator and aviation entrepreneur. She was the first British woman to earn a pilot's licence. She founded and ran two related businesses: the first flying school in the United Kingdom (with Gustav Blondeau), and a successful aircraft manufacturing business (Hewlett & Blondeau) which produced more than 800 aeroplanes and employed up to 700 people. She later emigrated to New Zealand.

Fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft, and airplanes that use wing morphing are all classified as fixed wing.

Gliding fixed-wing aircraft, including free-flying gliders and tethered kites, can use moving air to gain altitude. Powered fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) that gain forward thrust from an engine include powered paragliders, powered hang gliders and ground effect vehicles. Most fixed-wing aircraft are operated by a pilot, but some are unmanned or controlled remotely or are completely autonomous (no remote pilot).
Anthony M. Young
Anthony "Tony" M. Young (born 1943) is an Australian mycologist based in Queensland, affiliated with the University of Queensland. He has published several books on fungi as well as a monograph on Australian Hygrophoraceae, resulting from his research on Hygrocybe and related genera. In 2007, he was a co-author of a review of the genus Ramaria in Australia, a work in progress which will see the likely description of 15 new Australian species and increase the total number to 50.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
2018 SEC softball tournament
The 2018 SEC softball tournament will be held at Mizzou Softball Stadium on the campus of University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri from May 9 through May 12, 2018. The tournament will earn the Southeastern Conference's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament. The Championship game was broadcast on ESPN2 and the semifinals were broadcast on ESPNU, while all other SEC tournament games will be live on the SEC Network.

2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 18 through June 6, 2018 as the final part of the 2018 NCAA Division I softball season. Thirty-two teams were awarded automatic bids as champions of their conferences, and the remaining 32 were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2018 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City. This was the first year since the 2010 Women's College World Series that neither the Florida Gators nor the Oklahoma Sooners made the Championship Series. The Florida State Seminoles played in their first Women's College World Series Championship Series and became the first ACC team to make the Championship Series. The Washington Huskies made their fourth appearance in the Championship Series.
Zone 72, Qatar
Zone 72 is a zone in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya in the state of Qatar. The main district recorded in the 2015 population census was Al Utouriya.

Other districts which fall within its administrative boundaries are Lehsain, Qaryat Al Refaiq, Ras Abrouq, Umm Al Daah Khawzan, Umm Al Qahab Al Jadeeda, Umm Al Qahab Al Qadeema, Umm Leghab West, Wadi Laswaq, and Zekreet.

Umm Al Daah Khawzan
Umm Al Daah Khawzan (Arabic: أم الداه خوزان; also known simply as Khawzan) is a village in Qatar located in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya. It is accessible through Dukhan Road. The closest city is the industrial hub of Dukhan. According to the Ministry of Environment, there were about six households in the village in 2014.
Eucarta virgo
Eucarta virgo, the silvery gem, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species first described by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1835. It can be found in south, southeast and central Europe.

The wingspan is 25–36 mm.

The larvae feed on Artemisia vulgaris, Artemisia campestris and Tanacetum vulgare.

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris, commonly known as mugwort, common mugwort, or wormwood, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is one of several species in the genus Artemisia commonly known as mugwort, although Artemisia vulgaris is the species most often called mugwort.  Mugworts have been used medicinally and as culinary herbs.
Code poetry
Code poetry is literature that intermixes notions of classical poetry and source code. Unlike digital poetry, which prominently uses physical computers, code poems may or may not run through executable binaries. A code poem may be interactive or static, digital or analog. Code poems can be performed by computers or humans through spoken word and written text.

Examples of code poetry include: poems written in a programming language, but human readable as poetry; computer code expressed poetically, that is, playful with sound, terseness, or beauty.

A variety of events and websites allow the general public to present or publish code poetry, including Stanford University's Code Poetry Slam, the PerlMonks Perl Poetry Page, and the International Obfuscated C Code Contest.

Executable
In computing, an executable is a resource that a computer can use to control its behavior. As with all information in computing, it is data, but distinct from data that does not imply a flow of control. Terms such as executable code, executable file, executable program, and executable image describe forms in which the information is represented and stored. A native executable is machine code and is directly executable at the instruction level of a CPU. A script is also executable although indirectly via an interpreter. Intermediate executable code (such as bytecode) may be interpreted or converted to native code at runtime via just-in-time compilation.