hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pakistan at the South Asian Games
Pakistan is a member of the South Asian Zone of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) and has participated in the South Asian Games since the inception of the game in 1984. The Pakistan Olympic Association (POA), formed in 1948, and was affiliated by the International Olympic Committee in the same year.

Pakistan has participated all 13 South Asian Games governed by South Asia Olympic Council.

Pakistan has performed reasonably well since 1984 Kathmandu. Pakistan has been second-ranked team 7 times, third ranked team 4 times, fourth ranked team 2 times.

Best performance witnessed by Pakistan was in 2006 Colombo with 158 total Medals including 43 Gold Medals.

2006 South Asian Games
The 2006 South Asian Games (also known as the 10th South Asian Games) were held in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 18 August to 28 August 2006, in the Sugathadasa Stadium with more than 2000 sportspersons competing in the record 20 disciplines of Sports.

The 10th edition of SAF Games also marked the debut for Afghanistan. Another highlight of 2006 SAF Games was unprecedented high levels of security for officials & players amid violent clashes between the Sri Lankan Government's troops and LTTE. Earlier in 2005, the Games, originally scheduled to be held in 2005, had been postponed following the Indonesian tsunami wave devastated the northern and eastern region.
Structural differential
The structural differential is a physical chart or three-dimensional model illustrating the abstracting processes of the human nervous system. In one form, it appears as a pegboard with tags. Created by Alfred Korzybski, and awarded a U.S. patent on May 26, 1925, it is used as a training device in general semantics. The device is intended to show that human "knowledge" of, or acquaintance with, anything is partial—not total.

United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting from a patented technology without the consent of the patent holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent.
Spławie, Sławno County
Spławie [ˈspwavjɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Darłowo, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Darłowo, 15 km (9 mi) west of Sławno, and 166 km (103 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Sławno County
Sławno County (Polish: powiat sławieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Sławno, which lies 174 kilometres (108 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Darłowo, lying on the coast 19 km (12 mi) west of Sławno.

The county covers an area of 1,043.62 square kilometres (402.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 57,643, out of which the population of Darłowo is 14,380, that of Sławno is 13,314, and the rural population is 29,949.
Rajendra Prasad Pandey
Rajendra Prasad Pandey is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (Unified Socialist) currently serving as the Chief minister of Bagmati Province. He's also the deputy chairman of the CPN (Unified Socialist).

He became chief minister of the province with support of Nepali Congress, the ruling party of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese provincial election he was elected from the Dhading 1(A).

2017 Nepalese provincial elections
Provincial assembly elections were held in Nepal on 26 November and 7 December 2017 along with the general election. 330 seats in the seven newly created provincial assemblies were elected by first-past-the-post voting and 220 by proportional representation. The election was part of Nepal's transformation to a federal republic. The next Election will be held in 2022 unless dissolved earlier without completing the five years term. 2022 Nepalese provincial election will be the second election for provinces after completion of tenure of five years.
Nduka Odizor
Nduka Emmanuel Odizor Listenⓘ (born 28 August 1958) is a former tennis player from Nigeria, who represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He won one career title in singles (Taipei, 1983) and seven doubles titles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 52 in June 1984 and reached No. 20 in doubles in August 1984. Between 1986 and 1993 he played in 11 ties for the Nigerian Davis Cup team and compiled a 20–13 win-loss record.

Nigeria Davis Cup team
The Nigeria men's national tennis team represents Nigeria in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Nigeria Tennis Federation.

Nigeria currently compete in Africa Zone Group III.  They reached the Group I semifinals in 1988 and 1989.
Childwall (Liverpool ward)
53°24′12.8″N 2°53′43.4″W﻿ / ﻿53.403556°N 2.895389°W﻿ / 53.403556; -2.895389

Childwall ward is an electoral district of Liverpool City Council within the Liverpool Wavertree Parliamentary constituency.

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
2014 Dutch TT
The 2014 Dutch TT was the eighth round of the 2014 MotoGP season. It was held at the TT Circuit Assen in Assen on 28 June 2014.

In his 150th Grand Prix, Aleix Espargaró recorded his first-ever pole position through his career. However, Marc Márquez won his eight successive race. The second place was finished by Andrea Dovizioso and the podium was cleared by Dani Pedrosa, finished in third place.

TT Circuit Assen
The TT Circuit Assen is a motorsport race track built in 1955 and located in Assen, Netherlands. Host of the Dutch TT, it is popularly referred to as "The Cathedral of Speed" by motorcycle racing fans. The venue has the distinction of holding the most Grand Prix motorcycle races every year (except 2020) since the series was created in 1949. It has a capacity of 110,000 spectators, including 60,000 seats. Since 1992, the circuit has also been part of the World SBK calendar except for the 2020 season.
Scaccia
Scaccia (pl.: scacce), scacciata or schiacciata is a Sicilian stuffed flatbread. Scaccia is made with a very thin rectangular layer of dough, folded on itself three or four times. It can be stuffed with different ingredients, the more common variations are ricotta cheese and onion, cheese and tomato, tomato and onion, or tomato and eggplant, depending on location, taste, or season. It is baked and can be eaten hot or cold. Scacciata derives from the Sicilian word meaning to drive away, equivalent to the Italian word schiacciata, meaning 'to crush' or 'to flatten'. Scaccia can be found in Ragusa and Siracusa, as well as some Sicilian American communities (namely Middletown, Connecticut).

Flatbread
A flatbread is bread made usually with flour; water, milk, yogurt, or other liquid; and salt, and then thoroughly rolled into flattened dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened, although some are leavened, such as pita.

Flatbreads range from below one millimeter to a few centimeters thick so that they can be easily eaten without being sliced. They can be baked in an oven, fried in hot oil, grilled over hot coals, cooked on a hot pan, tava, comal, or metal griddle, and eaten fresh or packaged and frozen for later use.
Listed buildings in Rudheath
Rudheath is a village and a civil parish in Cheshire West and Chester, England.  It contains two buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, both of which are listed at Grade II.  This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  Running through the parish are the Trent and Mersey Canal, the River Dane, and the A530, the A556 and the A559 roads.  The listed buildings comprise a farmhouse and a canal milepost.

River Dane
The River Dane is a tributary of the River Weaver that originates in the Peak District area of England. The name of the river (earlier Daven) is probably from the Old Welsh dafn, meaning a "drop or trickle", implying a slow-moving river.
Mirrors (Jackson Wang album)
Mirrors is the debut full-length studio album by Hong Kong recording artist Jackson Wang. It was released by his own label, Team Wang and Western and 6th, on October 25, 2019. "Bullet to the Heart" and "Dway!" served as the album's lead singles.

In conjunction with the release of Mirrors, the singer and artist Da Yan created an interactive video installation space titled Bullet to the Heart: 0328 at the Love Love Love Art of Love Exhibition at Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 in Shenzhen from 24 October to 3 November.

Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1
Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 (Chinese: 深业上城大厦 1; pinyin: shēnyè shàngchéng dàshà 1) is a supertall skyscraper completed in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It stands at 388.1 metres (1,273.3 ft) tall. Construction started on 12 February 2014 and was completed in 2020.

The tower has a novel structural system called a "Ladder Core System" where the perimeter mega columns are connected to the central reinforced concrete core at every story as opposed to the typical configuration where they are only connected via outriggers at mechanical floors.

Additionally, unlike other supertall skyscrapers with mega-columns, Shum Yip T1 does not have any supplemental gravity columns in the office portion of the tower.  The corner framing on either side of the mega-columns is cantilevered 8.5m, which creates a balanced cantilever thus reducing the demand of the middle span an achieving a 28.5m column free span between the two mega-columns on each face.
Schrade (surname)
Schrade is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Schrade (1876–1962), German architect

Leo Schrade (1903–1964), American musicologist

Ulrich Schrade (1943–2009), Polish philosopher, educationist, and ethicist

Willi Schrade (born 1935), German actor

Dirk Schrade (born 1978), German equestrian, Summer Olympics 2012

Leo Schrade
Leo Schrade (13 December 1903 – 21 September 1964) was a German-born American musicologist. Among his notable publications are critical editions of works by Guillaume de Machaut and Francesco Landini, the former of which he established the standard numbering scheme for. He also wrote Monteverdi: Creator of Modern Music on Claudio Monteverdi; a controversial but influential work on Monteverdi's place in the history of Western classical music.
Micarea capitata
Micarea capitata is a species of moss-dwelling lichen in the family Ectolechiaceae. Described in 2011 from Härjedalen in north-western Sweden, this rarely recorded lichen is characterised by minute black apothecia with a distinctly constricted base and a mottled, darkly pigmented hypothecium. The species grows on shoots of the pleurocarpous moss Hylocomium splendens on rocks in open forests, where it forms an extremely thin, pale grey crust that is easily overlooked in the field.

Ectolechiaceae
The Ectolechiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. The family was first described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1905, originally for a group of tropical, leaf-dwelling lichens. Its scope has since expanded considerably, and the family now encompasses both tropical genera such as Byssoloma and Calopadia and the large, predominantly temperate-to-arctic genus Micarea. As of 2026, the family contains more than 30 genera and an estimated 470 species.
Brassia caudata
Brassia caudata is a species of orchid. It is native to the warmer regions of the Western Hemisphere, reported from southern Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, and Veracruz), Central America, southern Florida, the Greater Antilles, Trinidad, and northern South America. It is commonly known as the tailed Brassia, spider orchid, or cricket orchid.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.
Sottrum
Sottrum is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 11 km west of Rotenburg, and 30 km east of Bremen.

Sottrum belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Sottrum, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Sottrum is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Sottrum.

Prince-Bishopric of Verden
The Prince-Bishopric of Verden was an ecclesiastical principality or Hochstift of the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Saxony, Germany. Established as a diocese of the Catholic Church in the middle of the 8th century, it was officially dissolved by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, and replaced by the Duchies of Bremen-Verden.
Neobatrachia
The Neobatrachia (Neo-Latin neo- ("new") + batrachia ("frogs")) are a suborder of the Anura, the order of frogs and toads.

This suborder is the most advanced and apomorphic of the three anuran suborders alive today, hence its name, which literally means "new frogs" (from the hellenic words neo, meaning "new" and batrachia, meaning "frogs"). It is also by far the largest of the three; its more than 5,000 different species make up over 96% of all living anurans.

The differentiation between Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia, and Neobatrachia is based primarily on anatomic differences, especially the skeletal structure, as well as several visible characteristics and behaviors.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Leucostethus
Leucostethus is a genus of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae, in the subfamily Colostethinae. The frogs are found in the western Amazon rainforest.

The members of this genus are unique among the Colostethinae in that both males and females lack dark colouration on the ventral part of their bodies. The genus is named combining the Greek words leukos ('white') and stethos ('chest').

The following species are recognised in the genus Leucostethus:

Leucostethus alacris (Rivero and Granados-Díaz, 1990)

Leucostethus argyrogaster (Morales and Schulte, 1993)

Leucostethus bilsa Vigle et al., 2020

Leucostethus brachistriatus (Rivero and Serna, 1986)

Leucostethus dysprosium (Rivero and Serna, 2000)

Leucostethus fraterdanieli (Silverstone, 1971)

Leucostethus fugax (Morales and Schulte, 1993)

Leucostethus jota Marín-Castaño et al., 2018

Leucostethus ramirezi (Rivero and Serna, 2000)

Leucostethus siapida Grant and Bolívar-García, 2021

Leucostethus yaguara (Rivero and Serna, 1991)

Leucostethus fugax
Leucostethus fugax, also known as Pastaza rocket frog, is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental, southern Ecuador. Although originally only known from the valley of Pastaza River, it is now known to be more widespread. Its known range extends close to the Peruvian border and its true range may include Peru.
Swindon South
Swindon South is a constituency in the Borough of Swindon, Wiltshire, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Heidi Alexander of the Labour Party. Alexander had previously been MP for Lewisham East from 2010 to 2018.

In the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was renamed from South Swindon to Swindon South, first contested at the 2024 general election.

Bishopstone, Swindon
Bishopstone is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Swindon, England, about 6 miles (10 km) east of Swindon, and on the county border with Oxfordshire. Since 1934 the parish has included the village of Hinton Parva. Both Bishopstone and Hinton Parva have Grade I listed churches.

Bishopstone lies on the north slope of the Lambourn Downs, overlooking the Vale of White Horse. It is between Wanborough and Ashbury on the historic Icknield Way.
Eparchy of Kanjirappally
The Eparchy of Kanjirappally is a Syro-Malabar Catholic eparchy with an area of 1980 km2 comprising the Kanjirappally taluk in Kottayam district and a few villages of the neighbouring taluks in Kottayam district, northern Pathanamthitta district, and parts of Idukki district of central Kerala in South India.

The Eparchy of Kanjirappally-Nilackal was erected by Pope Paul VI with the bull "Nos Beati Petri Successores" in February 1977, which separated the eastern part of the Archeparchy of Changanassery and erected the new eparchy of Kanjirapally-Nilackal, as a suffragan of the same Archeparchy. Jose Pulickal is the current bishop, serving since January 2020. Mathew Arackal is the bishop emeritus of the eparchy, who served from 2001 to 2020.
Mary Matha Minor seminary is the heart of kanjirapally diocese.

Pathanamthitta district
Pathanamthitta district (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Adoor, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla.  and  Major Towns of Konni, Kozhanchery, Ranni, and Mallappalli.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the population was 1,197,412, making it the third least populous district in Kerala (out of 14), after Wayanad and Idukki. Pathanamthitta has been declared the first polio-free district in India. The district is 10.03% urbanised. The district spans 2,652 km², more than half of which is covered by forest.
Molat concentration camp
The Molat concentration camp (Italian: campo di concentramento di Melada; Croatian: Koncentracijski logor Molat; Serbian: Концентрациони логор Молат; Slovene: Koncentracijsko taborišče Molat) was an Italian concentration camp, established during World War II, by Fascist Italy on the island of Molat and was subordinate to the  Italian Ministry of the Interior.

The camp existed from June 30, 1942 to September 8, 1943 and, like the Gonars and Rab concentration camps, was used mainly for the internment of Slovenes, and Croats in order to "Italianize" the region of annexed Dalmatia. According to the camp's commemorative plaque, the camp, consisting of five barracks, was passed through by about 20,000 inmates, of whom about 1,000 died, due to the inhumane conditions in the camp or were shot as hostages in retaliation for Partisan attacks.

Italianization
Italianization (Italian: italianizzazione [italjaniddzatˈtsjoːne]; Croatian: talijanizacija; French: italianisation; Spanish: italianización; Portuguese: italianização; Slovene: poitaljančevanje; German: Italianisierung; Greek: Ιταλοποίηση, romanized: Italopoíisi) is the spread of Italian culture, language and identity by way of integration or assimilation. It is also known for a process organized by the Kingdom of Italy to force cultural and ethnic assimilation of the native populations living, primarily, in the former Austro-Hungarian territories that were transferred to Italy after World War I in exchange for Italy having joined the Triple Entente in 1915; this process was mainly conducted during the period of Fascist rule between 1922 and 1943.
Dank (horse)
Dank (foaled 6 March 2009) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She showed useful form in Europe as a three and four-year-old, winning the Atalanta Stakes, Dahlia Stakes and Kilboy Estate Stakes. The filly showed improved form when campaigned in the United States in the second half of 2013, winning the Beverly D. Stakes and the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf and being voted American Champion Female Turf Horse.

Atalanta Stakes
The Atalanta Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late August or early September.

The race was formerly classed at Listed level. It was promoted to Group 3 status in 2012.

The Atalanta Stakes was formerly part of the venue's Variety Club Day, an annual fundraising event for the Variety Club.
Ambalal Sarabhai
Ambalal Sarabhai (23 February 1890 – 13 July 1967) was an Indian industrialist, philanthropist, institution builder, and a supporter of Mahatma Gandhi. He was born in a Śvetāmbara Jain and Shrimali family. He served as the chairman and promoter of Calico Mills and founded the Sarabhai Group of Companies. He also was a participant in the Indian independence movement.

Ambalal was the great-grandson of Maganbhai Karamchand (1823–64), one of Ahemdabad's wealthiest Jain financiers.

After Gandhi decided to admit an untouchable family in his Kochrab Ashram, Mangaldas Girdhardas decided to stop funding to his ashram. At this time, Sarabhai stepped up to fund the Ashram and gave ₹13000 to Gandhi, which covered two years of expenses.

Śvetāmbara
The Śvetāmbara (/ʃwɛˈtʌmbərə/; also spelled Shwetambara, Shvetambara, Svetambara or Swetambara) is one of the two main branches of Jainism, the other being the Digambara. Śvetāmbara in Sanskrit means "white-clad", and refers to its ascetics' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the Digambara or "sky-clad" Jains whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvetāmbaras do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.

The Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions have had historical differences ranging from their dress code, their temples and iconography, attitude towards Jain nuns, their legends and the texts they consider as important. Śvetāmbara Jain communities are currently found mainly in Gujarat, Rajasthan and coastal regions of Maharashtra. According to Jeffery D. Long, a scholar of Hindu and Jain studies, about four-fifths of all Jains in India are Śvetāmbaras.