hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gunnar Thorvaldson
Gunnar Solmunder (Solly) Thorvaldson, QC (March 18, 1901 – August 2, 1969) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1941 to 1949, and in the Senate of Canada from 1958 until his death. Originally elected as a Conservative, he sat as a Progressive Conservative after the party changed its name in 1943.

Thorvaldson was born in Riverton, Manitoba to a notable Icelandic-Canadian family. His father, Sveinn Thorvaldson, was also a Conservative member of the Assembly from 1914 to 1915.

His nephew Scott Thorkelson served in the Canadian House of Commons.

Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (PC; French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is currently the opposition party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, following a defeat in the 2023 provincial election.
Visconti-Castelbarco Castle
The Visconti-Castelbarco Castle is a castle of medieval origin located in Cislago, Lombardy, Northern Italy. It belonged to a cadet branch of the Visconti House since the 13th century and became the property of the Castelbarco family in the 18th century.

Cislago
Cislago (Western Lombard: Cislagh [tʃiˈzlaːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 9,118 and an area of 10.9 square kilometres (4.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Cislago contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Massina, Santa Maria, and Cascina Visconta.

Cislago borders the municipalities of Gerenzano, Gorla Minore, Limido Comasco, Mozzate, Rescaldina, Turate.
2024 AON Open Challenger – Doubles
Giovanni Oradini and Lorenzo Rottoli were the defending champions but only Oradini chose to defend his title, partnering Giovanni Fonio. They lost in the first round to Victor Vlad Cornea and Denys Molchanov.

Benjamin Hassan and David Vega Hernández won the title after defeating Romain Arneodo and Théo Arribagé 6–4, 7–5 in the final.

Victor Vlad Cornea
Victor Vlad Cornea (born 24 September 1993) is a Romanian tennis player who specializes in doubles. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of No. 64 on 19 February 2024. He has won 15 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles.

He has six Davis Cup nominations for Team Romania.
John Scales Avery
John Scales Avery (May 26, 1933 – January 4, 2024) was an American theoretical chemist noted for his research publications in quantum chemistry, thermodynamics, evolution, and history of science. Since the early 1990s, Avery had been an active world peace activist. During these years, he was part of a group associated with the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. In 1995, this group received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts. He was an Associate Professor in quantum chemistry at the University of Copenhagen. His 2003 book Information Theory and Evolution set forth the view that the phenomenon of life, including its origin and evolution, including human cultural evolution, has its background situated over thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and information theory. Avery died on January 4, 2024, at the age of 90.

Theoretical chemistry
Theoretical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which develops theoretical generalizations that are part of the theoretical arsenal of modern chemistry: for example, the concepts of chemical bonding, chemical reaction, valence, the surface of potential energy, molecular orbitals, orbital interactions, and molecule activation.
Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City
The Metropolitan Archcathedral Basilica of Santa María la Antigua (Spanish: Catedral Basílica Santa María la Antigua de Panamá) is a Catholic church located in the old town of Panama City in Panama. It was consecrated in 1796, although construction work began in 1688, 108 years earlier. It was designed by the military engineer Nicolás Rodríguez. The archcathedral is the episcopal see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Panama.

Archdiocese of Panamá
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Panamá (erected 28 August 1513 as the Diocese of Santa María de La Antigua del Darién) is a Metropolitan Archdiocese, and its suffragan dioceses include Chitré, Colón-Kuna Yala, David, Penonomé and Santiago de Veraguas, as well as the Territorial Prelature of Bocas del Toro. The Diocese of Santa María de La Antigua del Darién was originally located upriver from the mouth of the Atrato River on the Gulf of Urabá in the Castilla de Oro province. 
The see was moved to Panama City and renamed as the Diocese of Panamá on 7 December 1520 and elevated to an archdiocese on 29 November 1925. The current Metropolitan Archbishop of Panama is Archbishop Jose Domingo Ulloa Mendieta, O.S.A.
Symphony No. 45 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 45 in F♯ minor, known as the "Farewell" Symphony (German: Abschieds-Symphonie; modern orthography: Abschiedssinfonie), is a symphony dated 1772 on the autograph score. A typical performance of the symphony lasts around twenty-five minutes.

The autograph manuscript of the symphony is preserved in the National Széchényi Library in Budapest, and was published in facsimile editions in 1959 (Verlag der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften) and 2010 (Laaber-Verlag).

National Széchényi Library
The National Széchényi Library (Hungarian: Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, pronounced [ˈorsaːɡoʃ ˈseːt͡ʃeːɲi ˈkøɲftaːr]) (OSZK) is a library in Budapest, Hungary, located in Buda Castle. It is one of the two Hungarian national libraries, the other being University of Debrecen Library.
Bell Bay aluminium smelter
The Bell Bay aluminium smelter is located on the Tamar River at Bell Bay, Tasmania, Australia. The smelter has a production capacity of 178,000 tonnes of aluminium per year.
It is owned and operated by Pacific Aluminium, a wholly owned subsidiary of Rio Tinto Alcan.

Tamar River
The Tamar River, officially kanamaluka / River Tamar, is a 70-kilometre (43-mile) estuary located in northern Tasmania, Australia. Despite being named a river, the waterway is a brackish and tidal estuary over its entire length.
Fedor Gorst
Fedor (Fyodor) Alekseyevich Gorst (Russian: Фёдор Алексеевич Горст, Russian pronunciation: ['fʲodɐr ɐlʲɪk'sʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡorst]; born May 31, 2000, in Moscow) is a Russian American professional pool player. He has become a US resident, and now represents the United States in international events such as Mosconi Cup.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
Bugady Musun
Bugady Musun was a Siberian goddess particularly revered by the Evenki people. She was the patron of wildlife and the guardian of animals. She usually took the form of a tough older woman or a huge female elk or reindeer.

Evenki people
The Evenki, or Tungusy, are a Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Evenki are recognised as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 38,396 (2010 census). In China, the Evenki form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, with a population of 34,617 (2020 census). There are 537 Evenki in The Country of Mongolia (2015 census), called Khamnigan in the Mongolian language.
Tamara Faith Berger
Tamara Faith Berger is a Canadian author and novelist. She is best known for her novel Maidenhead, which won the Believer Book Award in 2012. Berger is a self-described feminist.

After completing her bachelor's degree, she worked as a writer of erotic stories.  Her themes include women's desire and sexuality, often describing obscene scenarios. Many of her novels explore issues of race and class. Her literary influences include Georges Bataille and Judy Blume.

Her debut novel Lie With Me was adapted into a 2006 film by her husband, the filmmaker Clement Virgo.

She wrote the screenplay for Virgo's 2025 film Steal Away, adapted from a non-fiction book by Karolyn Smardz Frost.

Georges Bataille
Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (/bɑːˈtaɪ/; French: [ʒɔʁʒ batɑj]; 10 September 1897 – 8 July 1962) was a French intellectual working in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, and poetry, explored such subjects as eroticism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work would prove influential on subsequent schools of philosophy and social theory, including post-structuralism.
Venkatesh Kumar
Pandit M. Venkatesh Kumar (born July 1, 1953) is an Indian Hindustani vocalist. He is best known for his rendition of devotional songs composed by Swami Haridas and Kanakadasa. Kumar belongs to the Panchakshara, Kirana and Gwalior Gharana.

Kanaka Dasa
Kanaka Dasa (1509–1606) also known as Daasashreshta Kanakadasa, was a Haridasa saint and philosopher of Dvaita Vedanta, from present-day Karnataka, India. He was a follower of Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy and a disciple of Vyasatirtha. He was a composer of Carnatic music, poet, reformer and musician. He is known for his keertanas and ugabhoga, and his compositions in the Kannada language for Carnatic music. Like other Haridasas, he used simple Kannada and native metrical forms for his compositions.
Eisenhower State Park (Texas)
Eisenhower State Park is a 423.1 acres (171 ha) state park located on the shores of Lake Texoma northwest of Denison, Texas in Grayson County, Texas, United States. The park is named for the 34th U.S. president, Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was born in Denison.
The park opened in 1958 and is managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
The Texas Parks & Wildlife Department (TPWD) is a Texas state agency that oversees and protects wildlife and their habitats.  In addition, the agency is responsible for managing the state's parks and historical areas.  Its mission is to manage and conserve the natural and cultural resources of Texas and to provide hunting, fishing, and outdoor recreation opportunities for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations.

The agency maintains its headquarters at 4200 Smith School Road in Austin, Texas.
Max Gerbier
Max Gerbier (born 1951) is a Haitian painter. Born in Milot near Cap-Haïtien in northern Haiti, Gerbier typically paints landscapes of the area surrounding his hometown. His paintings have been exhibited in France and the United States.

Milot, Haiti
Milot (French pronunciation: [milo]; Haitian Creole: Milo) is a commune in the Nord department of Haiti, 12 miles south of Cap-Haïtien. It is the site of Sans-Souci Palace, one of Haiti's most revered landmarks. The Citadelle Laferrière, Haiti's best-known landmark, is five miles (8 km) by road to the south. The town also hosts a hospital, Hôpital Sacré Coeur, run by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Crudem Foundation.
Guiragos
Guiragos (last name unknown; Arabic: غيراغوس), also spelled Gyrakos, was a Lebanese footballer who played as a midfielder.

Guiragos played for Homenetmen during the 1940s at club level. He took part in Lebanon's first international match against Mandatory Palestine in 1940.

Homenetmen Beirut (football)
Homenetmen Sports Association Beirut (Arabic: الجمعية الرياضية هومنتمن بيروت; Armenian: Հայ Մարմնակրթական Ընդհանուր Միութիւն (ՀՄԸՄ), lit. 'Armenian General Athletic Union (HMƏM)'), or simply Homenetmen, is a football club based in Beirut, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Fourth Division. It is the association football branch of the larger Lebanese-Armenian multi-sports and scouting organisation of the same name.

Homenetmen Beirut was established in 1924, just six years after establishment of Homenetmen in Constantinople. The club won seven Lebanese Premier League and three Lebanese FA Cup titles. They also participated in the Asian Champion Club Tournament in 1970, finishing in third place.
2022–23 FC Chornomorets Odesa season
The 2022–23 season was the 85th season in the club's history and the 32nd season of Odesa football club "Chornomorets" in the domestic league/cup of Ukraine. "The Sailors" competed in the 2022–23 Ukrainian Premier League.

FC Vorskla Poltava
FC Vorskla Poltava (Ukrainian: ФК «Во́рскла» Полта́ва [ˈwɔrsklɐ polˈtɑwɐ]) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Poltava. The team set to compete in Ukrainian First League, the second tier of Ukrainian football after relegation from Ukrainian Premier League in 2024–25.
Arin language
Arin is an extinct Yeniseian language formerly spoken in Russia by the Arin people along the Yenisei River, predominantly on its left shore, between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk, north of the Minusinsk region. However, it has been suggested that the Arin people had historically occupied a larger geographical range. It became extinct in the 18th century, with the death of Arzamas Loskutov, who was an informant for Gerhard Friedrich Müller in 1731, and for a Cossack adventurer named Ivan Kovrigin in 1735.

It is believed that the term Ar or Ara was used by speakers of Arin to refer to themselves.

Minusinsk
Minusinsk (Russian: Минуси́нск; Khakas: Минсуғ, romanized: Minsuğ) is a historical town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Population: 71,170 (2010 census); 72,561 (2002 census); 72,942 (1989 Soviet census); 44,500 (1973).
Kiguma Jack Murata
Kiguma Jack Murata (December 29, 1909 Marysville – December 27, 2001 Sacramento) was a Japanese American geochemist of the U.S. Geological Survey who served as Scientist-in-Charge of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory from 1958 to 1960. Murata was a fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geological Society of America, and served on the Standards Committee of the Geochemical Society in 1957.

In 1980, Murata received a Distinguished Service Award from the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1980, the department's highest honor.

Geochemical Society
The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific organization founded to encourage the application of chemistry to solve problems involving geology and cosmology. The society promotes understanding of geochemistry through the annual Goldschmidt Conference, publication of a peer-reviewed journal and electronic newsletter, awards programs recognizing significant accomplishments in the field, and student development programs. The society's offices are located on the campus of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC.
Green spaces in Freiburg
Freiburg im Breisgau's parks, green spaces, recreational facilities, playgrounds, roadside greeneries and the Mundenhof add up to an area of 397 hectares (980 acres), which corresponds to 18.05 square metres (194.3 sq ft) of green space per Freiburg citizen. On average, major cities in Baden-Württemberg have 22.66 square metres (243.9 sq ft) of green space per citizen. However, there is an area of 2,600 hectares (6,400 acres) of forest in the proximity of Freiburg as well as additional recreational area like the Rieselfeld district (a former sewage farm). The majority of the green spaces came into existence from the 1960s on.

Rieselfeld
Rieselfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈʁiːzl̩fɛlt]) is a city quarter (Stadtteil) in Freiburg im Breisgau. It is located in the western part of the city and borders the nature reserve Freiburger Rieselfeld in the west, right next to a little zoo called Tiergehege Mundenhof, Opfinger Straße in the south and Besançonallee in the east. The industrial area Haid is part of the Sankt Georgen district and is located to the south of Rieselfeld, while the district Weingarten is situated to the east of Rieselfeld.
Moon landing conspiracy theories in popular culture
The notion that the Apollo Moon landings were hoaxes perpetrated by NASA and other agencies has appeared many times in popular culture. Not all references to Moon landing conspiracy theories are in support of them, but the ideas expressed in them have become a popular meme to reference, both in humor and sincerity.

Moon landing
A Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, including both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was Luna 2 in 1959.

In 1969, Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon. There were six crewed landings between 1969 and 1972 and numerous uncrewed landings. All crewed missions to the Moon were conducted by the Apollo program, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. After Luna 24 in 1976, there were no soft landings— landings without significant damage—on the Moon until Chang'e 3 in 2013. All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until January 2019, when Chang'e 4 made the first landing on the far side of the Moon.
Pritilata Waddedar
Pritilata Waddedar (5 May 1911 – 24 September 1932) was a Bengali revolutionary nationalist who was influential in the Indian independence movement. She is often praised as "Bengal's first woman martyr".

After completing her education in Chittagong and Dhaka, Pritilata graduated in philosophy from the Bethune College in Calcutta. She worked as a school teacher for sometime before becoming part of the Indian Independence movement. In 1932, she joined a revolutionary group headed by Surya Sen. In September 1932, she led a group of revolutionaries in an armed attack on the Pahartali European Club. The revolutionaries torched the club and shot at it later, and one person was killed and eleven people were injured in the attack. After being cornered by the colonial police, Pritilata committed suicide by consuming potassium cyanide as planned earlier.

Revolutionary nationalism
Revolutionary nationalism is a name that has been applied to the political philosophy of many different types of nationalist political movements that wish to achieve their goals through a revolution against the established order. Individuals and organizations described as being revolutionary nationalist include some political currents within the French Revolution, Irish republicans engaged in armed struggle against the British crown, the Cần Vương movement against French rule in Vietnam, the Indian independence movement in the 20th century, some participants in the Mexican Revolution, Benito Mussolini and the Italian Fascists, the Autonomous Government of Khorasan in 1920s Iran, Augusto Cesar Sandino, the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement in Bolivia, black nationalism in the United States, and some African independence movements.
Andreas Cervin
Andreas Cervin (31 October 1888 – 14 February 1972) was a Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Swedish team that won the all-around gold medal.

Born to a priest, Cervin graduated in law from the University of Lund in 1914, and the same year began to work as a clerk in the Göta Court of Appeal. In 1918 he moved to the Municipal Court in Gothenburg, in 1935 became an alderman, and retired in 1955.

Cervin was known for his fearless and straightforward character and for his opposition to the Swedish Coalition Government during World War II. In the 1944 city mayor elections, he collected twice more votes than his strongest opponent, Gösta Bäärnhielm, yet the Government dismissed the results and appointed Bäärnhielm.

Göta Court of Appeal
The Göta Court of Appeal (Swedish: Göta hovrätt), located in Jönköping, is one of the six appellate courts in the Swedish legal system.

The court was established in 1634 during the regency of Queen Christina. It is the second oldest of the Swedish courts of appeal, after the Svea Court of Appeal (established in 1614). In the beginning, the jurisdiction was Götaland, which in those days also included Värmland. After the second treaty of Brömsebro (1645) and the treaty of Roskilde (1658), the provinces Blekinge, Bohuslän, Halland, and Scania were added. In order to relieve the workload for the Göta court, the Scania and Blekinge Court of Appeal was established in 1820 and the Court of Appeal for Western Sweden in 1948. In 1992, Örebro County was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Göta court.

The building for the Göta court in Jönköping was put into use in 1650 and is the building that has been used the longest time for judiciary purposes in Sweden.
Nyota Uhura
Nyota Uhura (/niˈoʊtə ʊˈhʊrə/), or simply Uhura, is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. In the original television series, the character was portrayed by Nichelle Nichols, who reprised the role for the first six Star Trek feature films. A younger Uhura is portrayed by Celia Rose Gooding in the 2022 prequel series Star Trek: Strange New Worlds, while an alternate timeline version of Uhura has been portrayed by actress Zoe Saldaña in the feature films Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and Star Trek Beyond (2016).

Uhura is a polyglot, translator and communications officer who specializes in linguistics, cryptography, and philology. She was an important part of the original series' multicultural crew and one of the first Black characters to be portrayed in a non-menial role on an American television series.

Prequel
A prequel is a literary, dramatic or cinematic work whose story precedes that of a previous work, by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative. A prequel is a work that forms part of a backstory to the preceding work.

The term "prequel" is a 20th-century neologism from the prefix "pre-" (from Latin prae, "before") and "sequel".

Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. More often they explain the background that led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not completely explicit. Sometimes prequels play on the audience's knowledge of what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
Jasper Parrott (MP)
Jasper Parrott (1786 – 15 December 1866) was a British politician.

Parrott lived at Dundridge, in Devon.  At the 1832 UK general election, he stood for the Whigs in Totnes, winning a seat.  In Parliament, he argued for shorter Parliamentary terms, and for the bishops to lose their automatic seats in the House of Lords.  He held his seat until 1839, when he resigned.

Bishop's Waltham
Bishop's Waltham (or Bishops Waltham) is a medieval market town situated at the source of the River Hamble in Hampshire, England. It has a foot in the South Downs National Park and is located at the midpoint of a long-established route between Winchester and Portsmouth. It is home to the ruins of Bishop's Waltham Palace, a Scheduled Ancient Monument under English Heritage management, and a well-preserved high street with many listed buildings which now house independent shops.

Bishop's Waltham's long history includes a roll call of Medieval and Tudor kings and queens who visited the town to stay at the palace. The name of the town is derived from the Anglo-Saxon words: "wald" (forest) and "ham" (settlement).

Modern day Bishop's Waltham has a population of over 6,723 and is the largest settlement in the Winchester district outside the city itself. It is home to an infant and junior school.