hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flamur Noka
Flamur Noka (born March 3, 1971) is an Albanian politician, currently serving as the General Secretary of the Democratic Party of Albania. Born and raised in Kukës, in Albania's northern border with Kosovo, Noka joined the Democratic Party in the early 2000s, and quickly started climbing the ranks. From 2012 to 2013, he was Albania's Minister of the Interior.

Kukës
Kukës (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈkukəs]; Albanian definite form: Kukësi) is a city in Albania. The city is the capital of the surrounding municipality of Kukës and county of Kukës, one of 12 constituent counties of the republic. It spans 8.2 km2 (3.2 sq mi) and had a total population of 15,643 people as of 2023.

Geologically, the surrounding area is dominated by mountainous and high terrain. The city sprawls across the Luma Plain within the Albanian Alps between the banks of Lake Fierza and the hills of the northernmost Korab Mountains and westernmost Sharr Mountains. At the confluence of the Black and White Drin, the Drin River originates close to the city's territory.
Brynjar Hoff
Brynjar Hoff (born 1 October 1940) is a Norwegian oboist.

Hoff was born in Orkdal Municipality to organists Erling Hoff and Magnhild Bergljot Bakken. He was associated with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra 1955–1958, the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet 1958–1965, and the Oslo Philharmonic 1965–1985, and was later freelance musician. His awards include Spellemannprisen from 1973, the Oslo City art award from 1989, and the King's Medal of Merit in gold from 1999.

King's Medal of Merit
The King's Medal of Merit (Norwegian: Kongens fortjenstmedalje) is a Norwegian award. It was instituted in 1908 to reward meritorious achievements in the fields of art, science, business, and public service. It is divided in two classes: gold and silver. The medal in gold is rewarded for extraordinary achievements of importance to the nation and society while the medal in silver may be awarded for lesser achievements. It is suspended from a ribbon in the colours of the Royal Standard of Norway.

The medal in gold is ranked eighth in the ranking of Norwegian orders and medals. The medal in silver is ranked 11th.
St. Gallen St. Fiden railway station
St. Gallen St. Fiden railway station (German: Bahnhof St. Gallen St. Fiden) is a railway station in St. Gallen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is an intermediate station on the Bodensee–Toggenburg and Rorschach–St. Gallen lines.

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Roseville Plantation (Aylett, Virginia)
Roseville Plantation, also known as Floyd's, is a historic plantation home located near Aylett, King William County, Virginia.  The main house was built in 1807, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, four-bay, frame dwelling in the Federal style. It sits on a brick foundation and is clad in weatherboard. Also on the property are the contributing one-story, one-bay detached frame kitchen; a one-story, two-bay frame school; a large, one-story, single-bay frame granary; a privy, a 1930s era barn, and two chicken houses, of which one has been converted to an equipment shed.  The property also includes a slave cemetery and Ryland family cemetery.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.
Dhital
Dhital(धिताल in Devnagari) is a surname of people belonging to the Brahmin and chhetri from Nepal.Dhital  belong to the Kaushik gotra(apart from few exception). Dhital's origin is most likely from Gorkha District, a western district of Nepal, but people with her surname are now scattered all over the country, including in Dhading, Lamjung, Gorkha, Kalikot, Dang, Bara, Hetauda, Nawalparasi, Kathmandu, Nuwakot, Kavrepalanchok, Sindhupalchowk and Rupandehi.

Rupandehi District
Rupandehi District (Nepali: रुपन्देही जिल्ला; pronounced [ɾu.pʌn.de.i; -e.ɦi] ⓘ), a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal and covers an area of 1,360 km2 (530 sq mi). The district headquarter is Bhairahawa. As per the national census 2021, the population of Rupandehi was 1,118,975.
Calallen Independent School District
Calallen Independent School District (CISD) is a school district located in northwest Corpus Christi, Texas (USA) in northern Nueces County.  The district has approximately 4,000 students and operates four elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Scollay Square
Scollay Square (c. 1838–1962) was a city square in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It was named for William Scollay, a prominent local developer and militia officer who bought a landmark four-story merchant building at the intersection of the Cambridge and Court Streets in the year 1795. Local citizens began to refer to this intersection as Scollay's Square, and, in 1838, the city officially memorialized the intersection as the Scollay Square. Early on, the area was a busy center of commerce, including daguerreotypist (photographer) Josiah Johnson Hawes (1808–1901) and Dr. William Thomas Green Morton, the first dentist to use ether as an anaesthetic.

As early as the 1950s city officials had been mulling plans to completely tear the Square down and redevelop the area.  Eventually more than 1,000 buildings were demolished and 20,000 residents were displaced. With $40 million in federal funds, the city built an entirely new development there, Government Center.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.
Dactylobatus clarkii
Dactylobatus clarkii, the hook skate or Clark's fingerskate, is a medium-sized (75 cm in length), but poorly known, deepwater skate." Its distribution  is considered patchy and covers the western central and southwest Atlantic, including the east coast of Florida, throughout the Gulf of Mexico (Guatemala, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, and Suriname), and off Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil).

Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera. Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae).

Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced.
SAV1
Protein salvador homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAV1 gene.

WW domain-containing proteins are found in all eukaryotes and play an important role in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions such as protein degradation, transcription, and RNA splicing. This gene encodes a protein which contains 2 WW domains and a coiled-coil region. It is ubiquitously expressed in adult tissues. The encoded protein is 94% identical to the mouse protein at the amino acid level.

RNA splicing
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions). For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occurs in the nucleus either during or immediately after transcription. For those eukaryotic genes that contain introns, splicing is usually needed to create an mRNA molecule that can be translated into protein.  For many eukaryotic introns, splicing occurs in a series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). There exist self-splicing introns, that is, ribozymes that can catalyze their own excision from their parent RNA molecule. The process of transcription, splicing and translation is called gene expression, the central dogma of molecular biology.
Mzingwane High School
Mzingwane High School used to be a boys-only government secondary school located in the heart of  Esigodini, Matabeleland South. However, recent trends indicate a shift, with the school gradually incorporating female students to address declining enrollments, a pattern observed in other single-sex schools in the region. It was founded in 1921 in Tsholotsho then moved to Essexvale in 1942 (now Esigodini), 45 km southeast of Bulawayo.

Matabeleland South Province
Matabeleland South is a province in southwestern Zimbabwe. With a population of 683,893 as of the 2012 Zimbabwean census. It is the country's least populated province after Matabeleland North.Matabeleland South and Matabeleland North were established in 1974, when the original Matabeleland Province was bifurcated. The province is divided into six districts. Gwanda is the capital, and Beitbridge is the province's largest town. The name "Matabeleland" is derived from Ndebele, the province's largest ethnic group.

Matabeleland South is bordered by Bulawayo and Matabeleland North to the north, Midlands to the northeast, Masvingo to the southeast, South Africa to the south, and Botswana to the west. It has an area of 54,172 square kilometres (20,916 mi2), equal to 13.86% of the total area of Zimbabwe. It is the fourth-largest of the country's ten provinces in area. Matabeleland South sits on the edge of the Kalahari Desert, giving it an arid climate not hospitable to agriculture.
Marot
Marot (Punjabi, Urdu: مروٹ) is a city in Bahawalnagar District in Punjab, Pakistan. This city is situated at the border with India. This city is situated 50 km from Fort Abbas, 160 km from Bahawalnagar and 100 km from Bahawalpur. The population of the city is estimated 20,000, with some 280,000 in the entire district. It contains some notable forts such as Marot Fort, Jaamgarh, Mojgarh and Meergarh.

Local people are largely associated with farming and major crops are wheat, cotton, mustard and sugarcane.

The spoken languages are Punjabi and Urdu.  The Marot is one of the nine principal fortiefied Bhati Rajput towns in the Thar Desert, according to historical records.

Mustard plant
The mustard plant is any one of several plant species in the genera Brassica, Rhamphospermum and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family). Mustard seed is used as a spice. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. Many vegetables are cultivated varieties of mustard plants; domestication may have begun 6,000 years ago.
Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1995–1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, or the 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was the effect of a series of missile tests conducted by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the waters surrounding Taiwan, including the Taiwan Strait, from 21 July 1995 to 23 March 1996. The first set of missiles fired in mid-to-late 1995 was allegedly intended to send a strong signal to the Republic of China government (ROC) under President Lee Teng-hui, who had been seen as "moving its foreign policy away from the One-China policy", as claimed by the PRC. The second set of missiles was fired in early 1996, allegedly intending to intimidate the Taiwanese electorate in the run-up to the 1996 presidential election.

President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over mainland China, but losing control of it after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Originally elected by the National Assembly, the presidency was intended to be a ceremonial office with no real executive power because the ROC was originally envisioned as a parliamentary republic. Since the 1996 election however, the president has been directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. The current president is Lai Ching-te of the Democratic Progressive Party, preceded by Tsai Ing-wen from the same party.
Gertrude Berman
Gertrude Berman (July 3, 1924 – February 1, 2013) was an American Democratic Party politician from Long Branch, New Jersey who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from the 10th Legislative District from 1974 to 1976.

She died on February 1, 2013, in Newton, Massachusetts at age 88. She was Jewish.

New Jersey's 10th legislative district
New Jersey's 10th legislative district is one of 40 in the state, covering the Ocean County municipalities of Bay Head Borough, Brick Township, Island Heights Borough, Lavallette Borough, Mantoloking Borough, Point Pleasant Beach Borough, Point Pleasant Borough, Seaside Park Borough, Seaside Heights Borough, South Toms River Borough, and Toms River Township; as well as covering the Monmouth County municipalities of Brielle, Manasquan Borough, Sea Girt, Spring Lake, and Spring Lake Heights.
Czersk
Czersk (Polish: [t͡ʂɛrsk] ⓘ; Kashubian: Czérskò; formerly German: Czersk, (1942-5): Heiderode) is a town in northern Poland in Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 9,844.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Manetho
Manetho (/ˈmænɪθoʊ/; Koine Greek: Μανέθων Manéthōn, gen.: Μανέθωνος, fl. 290–260 BCE) was an Egyptian priest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom who lived in the early third century BCE, at the very beginning of the Hellenistic period. Little is certain about his life. He is known today as the author of a history of Egypt in Greek called the Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt), written during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter or Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–246 BCE). None of Manetho’s original texts have survived; they are lost literary works, known only from fragments transmitted by later authors of classical and late antiquity.

The fragments of the Aegyptiaca continue to be a valuable resource for Egyptian chronology. Until the decipherment of Ancient Egyptian scripts in the early 19th century CE, Manetho's fragments were an essential source for understanding Egyptian history. His work remains important in Egyptology.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Spring Workshop
Spring Workshop (Chinese: Spring 工作室) was a nonprofit arts organization based in Hong Kong from 2011 to 2018. It was founded as a cross-disciplinary residency program and exhibition space. In 2016, Spring received the Prudential Eye Award for Best Asian Contemporary Art Organization.

Tai Kwun
22°16′53″N 114°09′14″E﻿ / ﻿22.2813°N 114.1540°E﻿ / 22.2813; 114.1540

Tai Kwun, or the Former Central Police Station Compound (CPS Compound) includes three declared monuments in Central, Hong Kong: the former Central Police Station, the Former Central Magistracy, and the Victoria Prison. Surrounded by Hollywood Road, Arbuthnot Road, Chancery Lane, and Old Bailey Street, the compound underwent a heritage revitalisation and reopened to the public on 29 May 2018 as Tai Kwun (Chinese: 大館), a centre for heritage and arts.
The World According to Kipling (A Plain Tale from the Hills)
"The World According to Kipling (A Plain Tale from the Hills)" is a 2000 fantasy short story by Australian writer Geoffrey Maloney.

"The World According to Kipling (A Plain Tale from the Hills)" was first published in October 2000 in the 25th/26th edition of the Aurealis magazine by Chimaera Publications. It was published alongside nine other stories by the authors John Higgins, Michael Pryor, Trent Jamieson, Simon Ng, Alistair Ong, Adam Browne, Kathryn Dean, Stephen Higgins, and Anthony Morris. In 2003 it was republished in Wonder Years: The Ten Best Stories from a Decade Past, edited by Peter McNamara and published by MirrorDanse Books. "The World According to Kipling (A Plain Tale from the Hills)" won the 2000 Aurealis Award for best fantasy short story.

MirrorDanse Books
MirrorDanse Books, founded in 1994, is one of Australia's longest running independent book publishers of science fiction and horror.

MirrorDanse Books publishes the Year's Best Australian SF & Fantasy anthology series, edited by Bill Congreve and Michelle Marquardt. Published annually, the Year's Best reprints select short stories by authors who either have Australian citizenship, or reside in Australia.  Each volume also lists recommended reading for the year. Recommended reading lists have been produced for 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007.
,
Launceston College, Tasmania
Launceston College is a government comprehensive senior secondary school located in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. Established in 1913 as the Launceston State High School and subsequently known as Launceston College, the college caters for approximately 1,200 students in Years 11 and 12, and an optional Year 13. The college is administered by the Tasmanian Department for Education, Children and Young People.

In 2019 student enrolments were 1,430. The college principal is Vicki Mackrill. The college has an International Student Program.

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Electron emission
In physics, electron emission is the ejection of an electron from the surface of matter, or, in beta decay (β− decay), where a beta particle (a fast energetic electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus transforming the original nuclide to an isobar.

Nuclide
Nuclides (or nucleides, from nucleus; also known as nuclear species) are a class of atoms characterized by their number of protons, Z, their number of neutrons, N, and their nuclear energy state.

The word nuclide was coined by the American nuclear physicist Truman P. Kohman in 1947. Kohman defined nuclide as a "species of atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus" containing a certain number of neutrons and protons. The term thus originally focused on the nucleus.
Stevan Vladislav Kaćanski
Stevan Vladislav Kaćanski - "Stari Bard" (Srbobran, Austrian Empire, 19 December 1828 - Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 4 May 1890) was a popular Serbian poet of the second half of the 19th century at the most turbulent time in Europe during the Revolutions of 1848 in general and the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire in particular Most of his poems were inspired by the poetic dream of Serbian liberation and unification. Today he is considered Serbia's national poet, who was one of the key figures of the 
Serb Revolution of 1848. He is best known as the author of Noćnica, which is said to have inspired the Serbs to seek independence from the Kingdom of Hungary though within the territories of the Austrian Empire.

Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire took place from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Austrian Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Bohemians (Czechs), Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Slovenes, Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, Italians, and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity.

Besides these nationalists, liberal and socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism.