hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudobithynia pentheri
Pseudobithynia pentheri is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bithyniidae.

The specific name pentheri is in honor of malacologist Arnold Penther, who collected this species.

Peter Glöer & M. Zeki Yildrim moved the species from the genus Bythinia to the genus Pseudobithynia in 2006.

Arnold Penther
Arnold Penther (15 October 1865, Rome – 6 April 1931, Vienna) was an Austrian naturalist.

From 1887 to 1891 he studied natural sciences in Vienna, receiving his PhD in 1892. Beginning in 1898 he worked as a volunteer at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, later attaining the role of curator. At the museum, he specialized in the field of arachnology.

In 1894–96 he conducted zoological and botanical investigations in South Africa and Rhodesia. Ornithological specimens collected on the expedition were donated to the natural history museum in Vienna, and many of the plants he collected on the trip became part of the Vienna herbarium. Later on in his career, he embarked on scientific expeditions to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and the Balkans.

The genus Pentheriella (family Asteraceae, synonym Heteromma) was named in his honor by Karl August Otto Hoffmann and Reinhold Conrad Muschler, and taxa with the specific epithet of pentheri are named after him, an example being Rhus pentheri.
Scientist of the Month
Scientist of the Month (Korean: 이달의 과학기술인상) is a South Korean national award presented to Koreans and Korean diaspora. The award is hosted by the Ministry of Science and ICT, National Research Foundation of Korea, and the newspaper Sedaily. The first award was given in 1997 and is given to one individual monthly along with a certificate from the Ministry and a prize of KRW 10 million. In addition to the ethnicity requirement, nominees must be actively engaged in R&D at a South Korean university, public research institute or industry. Laureates of the Top Scientist and Technologist Award of Korea, Korea Science Award, Korea Engineering Award, and previous Scientists of the Month are ineligible. Recipients of the Young Scientist Award and Woman Scientist/Engineer of the Year Award are only eligible if they have made significant contributions over a three-year period.

National Research Foundation of Korea
The National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF; Korean: 한국연구재단) is a research institute for Korean studies.

It was established in 2009 through a merger between the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF; 한국과학재단), Korea Research Foundation (KRF; 한국학술진흥재단; established in 1981), and Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS; 국제과학기술협력재단).

Its offices are located in 25 Heolleung-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul and 201 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon.
Wyatt Aamodt
Wyatt Aamodt (born November 22, 1997) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Colorado Eagles in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract as a prospect to the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Colorado Eagles
The Colorado Eagles are a professional ice hockey team based in Loveland, Colorado. The Eagles play in the Pacific Division of the American Hockey League.

The Eagles were founded as an expansion franchise in 2003 in the Central Hockey League and remained in the league until June 2011, when they joined the ECHL. During their time in the CHL, the Eagles won two Ray Miron President's Cups, three regular season titles, five conference titles and six division titles in eight seasons. The team was granted a membership as an expansion team in the American Hockey League beginning with the 2018–19 season as the affiliate of the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League.

The Eagles play at the Blue Arena in Loveland and serve the Fort Collins – Loveland Metropolitan Statistical Area.
No Past Is Dead
No Past Is Dead is a 1942 mystery detective novel by the British author Alfred Walter Stewart, published under his pseudonym J.J. Connington. It is the fifteenth in his series of novels featuring the Golden Age Detective Sir Clinton Driffield, the Chief Constable of a rural English county. It was published by Hodder and Stoughton in London and Little, Brown and Company in the United States.

Sir Clinton Driffield
Sir Clinton Driffield is a fictional police detective created by the British author  J.J. Connington. He was one of numerous detectives created during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, making his first appearance in Murder in the Maze in 1927. He appeared in four subsequent novels by 1929 when Connington apparently wished to write him out following Nemesis at Raynham Parva. However, his replacement  Superintendent Ross failed to gain the same level of popularity over two novels and Sir Clinton returned in the 1931 mystery The Boathouse Riddle. He went on to appear in a further eleven novels. The last entry Common Sense Is All You Need was published the year of Connington's death in 1947 and is set in wartime Britain.
Venzone
Venzone (Friulian: Vençon; Slovene: Pušja vas; German: Peuscheldorf) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Switched at Birth (1999 film)
Switched at Birth (also known as Mistaken Identity and Two Babies: Switched at Birth ), American made-for-television drama film released in 1999 by Alexander/Enright & Associates and Carlton America. It was filmed in Newberg, Oregon and Portland, Oregon.

Newberg, Oregon
Newberg is a city in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. Located in the Portland metropolitan area, the city is home to George Fox University. As of 2023, the city population was 26,095, making it the second most populous city in the county.
Ohio State Route 326 (1930s)
State Route 326 (SR 326) was the final designation for a short state highway near Holland, Ohio. At the time the route was removed from the state highway system in 1934, the road had been a state highway since the system's creation but with different designations throughout its history.

Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio
Springfield Township is one of the eleven townships of Lucas County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the total population was 26,957, making it the third most populous part of Lucas County, behind Toledo and Sylvania Township.
Serpentine Gorge
Serpentine Gorge is one of the gorges in the West MacDonnell Ranges in Australia's Northern Territory. It is located approximately 100 kilometres west of Alice Springs along the Larapinta Trail.

It comprises two gorges created by a south flowing creek which has cut through two ridges of Heavitree Quartzite. The gorge is home to some rare Central Australian plants such as the Centralian flannel-flower and cycads (the Macrozamia macdonnellii). There is a semi-permanent waterhole guarding the entrance to the gorge.

Macrozamia macdonnellii
Macrozamia macdonnellii, common name MacDonnell Ranges Cycad, is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia.

Macrozamia macdonnellii is not eaten by the Arrernte people of the Macdonnell Ranges due to the extensive process of toxin leaching that is required.
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Tamil Li'l Champs season 4
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Tamil Li'l Champs season 4 is a season of the reality television series Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs.

Anchor Archana Chandhoke return as host for the fourth season of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Tamil Li'l Champs. Srinivas and Saindhavi continues as judge of the fourth season, alongside new judge Shweta Mohan and S. P. Charan. The show is provides an inspiring platform for aspiring child singers. The mega auditions saw the four judges along with special judges with well-known playback singers, such as Vijay Prakash and Vaikom Vijayalakshmi.

The six finalists of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Tamil Li'l Champs season 4 are Hemithra, Sreemathi, Yogashree, Divinesh, Abinesh and Mahathi. The Grand Finale was held on 11 May 2024 on Sunday at 16:30 on Live. At the finals, Divinesh was the title winner and Yogashree claimed the first runners-up. Several guests that included in the grand finale are actors Sivakarthikeyan, Arya and Santhanam.

Srinivas (singer)
Srinivasan Doraiswamy, known by his stage name Srinivas or Jeans Srinivas, is an Indian playback singer in the Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, and Hindi music industries. Credited to 3000 songs, he is also a music composer, working on projects including films, jingles, albums, television serials, and devotional albums. He received the Kalaimamani award by the Tamil Nadu state government in 2005 and the Tamil Nadu State Film Award twice for the songs "Minsara Poove" (Padayappa) in 1999 and "Maargazhiyil" (Onbadhu Roobai Nottu) in 2008. He has also received the Best Male Singer Kerala State Film Award for the song "Bhasuri" (Rathri Mazha) in 2007, the Film Critics Award for Best Composer for the movie "Seetha Kalyanam" in 2009, and Best Playback Singer for "Kaisi Hai Yeh Ruth" (Dil Chahta Hai).
The Massingham Affair
The Massingham Affair is a 1962 crime detective novel by the British writer Edward Grierson. Grierson based on the story on a real-life case that took place in Edlingham. in the late nineteenth century.

Edlingham
Edlingham is a small village and civil parish in Northumberland in the north of England. At the 2001 census it had a population of 196, which had reduced slightly to 191 at the 2011 Census. The road to Alnwick passes close by the village and the town of Rothbury is about 6 miles (10 km) away.

The name Edlingham means The home of Eadwulf in Anglo-Saxon. Its recorded history goes back as far as 737 when King Coelwulf gave Edlingham and three other royal Northumbrian villages to Cuthbert.
2000 Venezuelan general election
General elections were held in Venezuela on 30 July 2000, the first under the country's newly adopted 1999 constitution. Incumbent President Hugo Chávez ran for election for a full six-year term under the new constitution. He was challenged by another leftist and former ally, Zulia Governor Francisco Arias Cárdenas. Chávez won the election with almost 60% of the popular vote, increasing his vote share over the previous elections and managing to carry a larger number of states. Arias Cárdenas only managed to narrowly carry his home state of Zulia.

Zulia
Zulia State (Spanish: Estado Zulia, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈsulja]; Wayuu: Mma’ipakat Suuria) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,704,404, making it the most populous state in the country. Zulia is also notable for being one of the few states in Venezuela where voseo—the use of vos as the second-person singular pronoun—is widespread. The state is coterminous with the eponymous region of Zulia.

Zulia is located in northwestern Venezuela, bordering Lake Maracaibo, the largest body of its kind in Latin America. The lake's basin holds some of the largest oil and gas reserves in the Western Hemisphere.

Zulia is economically significant due to its oil and mineral exploitation, but it is also one of Venezuela's major agricultural regions. The state contributes notably in livestock, bananas, fruits, meat, and milk.
Oxegen 2006
Oxegen 2006 was the third Oxegen festival to take place, following the dissolution of its predecessor Witnness in 2004. It took place on the weekend of Saturday, 8 July and Sunday, 9 July at Punchestown Racecourse near Naas in County Kildare, Ireland. The festival was headlined by Red Hot Chili Peppers on the Sunday and The Who on the Saturday.

Witnness
Witnness was an Irish music festival, sponsored by Guinness, which ran for four consecutive summers from 2000 to 2003. Originally it was held at Fairyhouse Racecourse  in County Meath, but it was moved to Athy in County Kildare for its final year.

In 2004, Guinness were replaced by Heineken as sponsors, and the festival continued as before at Punchestown, changing its name to Oxegen.
Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke
The Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) is the public healthcare network in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, affiliated with the Université de Sherbrooke Faculty of Medecine.

The CHUS offers general, specialized and sub-specialized medicine and is the teaching hospital in the administrative regions of Estrie, Centre-du-Québec, and the eastern portion of the Montérégie. It is also the center of reference in quaternary gamma knife radiosurgery for Quebec and Eastern Canada. With 6,244 employees, 649 doctors and pharmacists, and more than 3,700 students, the CHUS is an academic and economic hub in southeastern Quebec and is the second largest employer in the Estrie region.

Centre-du-Québec
Centre-du-Québec (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ dy kebɛk], Central Quebec) is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville, and Bécancour. It has a land area of 6,930.05 square kilometres (2,675.71 sq mi) and a 2016 census population of 242,399 inhabitants.
Walter von Eberhardt
Lieutenant-General Friedrich Wilhelm Magnus Heinrich Walter von Eberhardt (7 January 1862 in Berlin –  7 January 1944 in Wernigerode), generally known as Walter von Eberhardt, was a German military commander during World War I and the Lithuanian–Soviet War of 1918–19. He was the son of later Prussian Major general Heinrich von Eberhardt (1821–1899). His older brothers also made career in the Prussian army. Magnus (1855–1939) raised till General of Infantry, Gaspard von Eberhardt (1858–1928) to Lieutenant general.
Notably, he was the first inspector of the flying troops (Idflieg) from 1913 to 1914. In 1930 Unserere Luftstreitkräfte 1914–1918 was published under the editorship of von Eberhardt.

General of the Infantry (Germany)
General of the Infantry (German: General der Infanterie, abbr. General d. Inf.) is a former rank of the German army (Heer). It is currently an appointment or position given to an OF-8 rank officer, who is responsible for particular affairs of training and equipment of the Bundeswehr infantry.
Elephant Games
Elephant Games is an international casual game developer company founded in 2003. The main expertise of the company is Hidden Object games. The company released more than 150 games, most of which were in partnership with the U.S. publisher Big Fish Games. The company's headquarters are located in Yerevan, Armenia, and the geography of the team is from India to Argentina.

Casual game
A casual game is a video game targeted at a mass market audience, as opposed to a hardcore game, which is targeted at hobbyist gamers. Casual games may exhibit any type of gameplay and genre. They generally involve simpler rules, shorter sessions, and require less learned skill. They do not expect familiarity with a standard set of mechanics, controls, and tropes.

Countless casual games have been developed and published, alongside hardcore games, across the history of video games.  A concerted effort to capitalize on casual games grew in the 1990s and 2000s, as many developers and publishers branded themselves as casual game companies, publishing games especially for PCs, web browsers, and smartphones.
Andrzej Reudowicz
Andrzej Marek Reudowicz is a retired Major General of the Polish Army, commander of the 8th rotation of the Polish Military Contingent in Afghanistan, Chancellor of the Order of the Military Cross, commander of the 12th Szczecin Mechanized Division, deputy head of the National Security Bureau.

National Security Bureau (Poland)
National Security Bureau (Polish: Biuro Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego [ˈbju.rɔ bɛs.pjɛˈt͡ʂɛɲ.stfa na.rɔ.dɔˈvɛ.ɡɔ], BBN) is a Polish government agency executing the tasks given by the President of the Republic of Poland regarding national security. The Bureau serves as the organizational support to the National Security Council.

The Chief of the National Security Bureau (Polish: Szef Biura Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego) answers to the President. Shortly after the creation of NSB (1991) it was a part of Office of the President of the Republic of Poland in place of the Ministry of State for the National Security, which it succeeded.
Rex House
The Rex House, also known as the Gemberling-Rex House, is an historic, American home that is located in Schaefferstown in Heidelberg Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.

Built in 1729 by early Pennsylvania German settlers, his structure is a 2+1⁄2-story, half timbered residence with originally scored plaster exterior and, currently, a horizontal wooden siding and a gable roof. It measures thirty-two feet by twelve feet and has gable end brick chimneys.  Also on the property are a contributing smoke house, bake oven, stone foundation of a barn and outhouse and cistern.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.
Mid-air collision
In aviation, a mid-air collision is an accident in which two or more aircraft come into unplanned contact during flight and collide with each other.

The potential for a mid-air collision is increased by miscommunication, mistrust, error in navigation, deviations from flight plans, lack of situational awareness, and the lack of collision-avoidance systems. Although a rare occurrence in general due to the vastness of open space available, collisions often happen near or at airports, where large volumes of aircraft are spaced more closely than in general flight.

The deadliest mid-air collision occurred on 12 November 1996, when a Boeing 747 operated by Saudia collided with an Ilyushin IL-76 operated by Kazakhstan Airlines near Charkhi Dadri, India. The crash, in total, killed all 349 people.

Aviation communication
Aviation communication refers to the conversing of two or more aircraft. Aircraft are constructed in such a way that make it very difficult to see beyond what is directly in front of them. As safety is a primary focus in aviation, communication methods such as wireless radio are an effective way for aircraft to communicate with the necessary personnel. Aviation is an international industry and as a result involves multiple languages. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) deemed English the official language of aviation. The industry considers that some pilots may not be fluent English speakers and as a result pilots are obligated to participate in an English proficiency test.
2024 MBC Drama Awards
The 2024 MBC Drama Awards (Korean: 2024 MBC 연기대상; Hanja: 2024 MBC 演技大賞; RR: 2024 MBC Yeon-gi Daesang), presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) took place at MBC Media Center Public Hall in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul on December 30, 2024. Kim Sung-joo hosted the award ceremony sixth year in succession, along with Chae Soo-bin, in her first hosting assignment since her debut. The award ceremony which was scheduled to broadcast live on MBC, Naver Now and YouTube along with the red carpet photo session was cancelled, due to the Jeju Air Flight 2216 accident.

The '2024 MBC Drama Awards' was broadcast on the January 5, 2025 as recorded version, rescheduled due to seven days national mourning for Jeju Air Flight 2216 accident victims. Han Suk-kyu was awarded Grand Prize (Daesang) for his performance in Doubt whereas Chief Detective 1958 was awarded as Drama of the Year.

Sangam-dong
Sangam-dong (Korean: 상암동) is a legal dong (neighborhood) of Mapo District, Seoul, South Korea. In the wake of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, a large apartment complex and Digital Media City (DMC) business district have been created and developed into the center of western Seoul.
5101 Akhmerov
5101 Akhmerov, provisional designation 1985 UB5, is an Eos asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, about 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 October 1985, by Russian astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. It was later named for Ukrainian surgeon Vadim Akhmerov.

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, observatory code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, Crimea–Nauchnij, still ranks among the worldwide most prolific discovery sites for minor planets.

CrAO has also been publishing the Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities (IAU code 095) are located on territory of settlement of Nauchnyi since the mid-1950s; before that, they were further south, near Simeiz. The latter facilities still see some use, and are referred to as the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory–Simeiz (IAU code 094).
Sand Creek Conservation Area
The Sand Creek Conservation Area is a 755-acre (3.06 km2) natural area in the U.S. state of Illinois, located in South Wheatland Township south of Lake Decatur. The conservation area preserves tallgrass prairie and prairie-savanna acreage and serves the people of Macon County and the Decatur metropolitan area. The area is operated by the Macon County Conservation District.

Oak savanna
An oak savanna is a type of savanna (or lightly forested grassland), where oaks (Quercus spp.) are the dominant trees. It is also generally characterized by an understory that is lush with grass and herbaceous plants. The terms "oakery" or "woodlands" are also used commonly, though the former is more prevalent when referencing the Mediterranean area. Oak savannas typically exist in areas with low precipitation or high fire frequency and may feature poor soils. Predominant land uses include rangeland agriculture. Naturally, these savannas depend on natural wildfires (e.g. caused by lightning) to maintain their open vegetation.
Pinckney State Recreation Area
Pinckney State Recreation Area is a Michigan state recreation area in Dexter, Sylvan and Lyndon Townships, Washtenaw County and Putnam and Unadilla Townships, Livingston County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The park is 11,000 acres (4,500 ha) and sits at an elevation of 922 feet (281 m). The park is connected to the nearby Waterloo State Recreation Area by the 35-mile (56 km) Waterloo–Pinckney Trail. Pinckney State Recreation Area is open for year-round recreation including hiking, fishing, swimming, hunting and a variety of winter sports.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the agency of the state of Michigan founded in 1921, charged with maintaining natural resources such as state parks, state forests, and recreation areas. It is governed by a director appointed by the Governor and accepted by the Natural Resources Commission. Since 2023, the Director is Scott Bowen. The DNR has about 1,400 permanent employees, and over 1,600 seasonal employees.