hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Anglesea (1694)
HMS Anglesea (referred to as HMS Anglesey on occasion) was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Plymouth in 1694, although not ordered from the dockyard, but as a commercial contract with Mr Flint, with labour and materials supplied from the dockyard by the Master Shipwright, Elias Waffe. She was ordered on 17 February 1692 (the same day as her sister Portland, which was built at Woolwich Dockyard).

Anglesea, under the command of Captain James Litteton between 1698 and 1701, was one of four ships sent to Madagascar on an anti-piracy mission under Thomas Warren in 1699.

Anglesea was reduced to a 40-gun fifth rate in 1719, and underwent a rebuild from then until 1725 at Chatham Dockyard.

Fourth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with two gun decks which mounted between 46 and 60 guns. They served in all conflicts the Royal Navy participated in during the early modern period until they were gradually phased out of active service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though fourth-rates often remained in service on distant stations such as the East Indies. Several fourth-rates were created by razeeing larger ships of the line, and occasionally from East Indiamen such as HMS Calcutta.
Clark Street (Chicago)
Clark Street is a north–south street in Chicago, Illinois, that runs close to the shore of Lake Michigan from the northern city boundary with Evanston, to 2200 South in the city street numbering system. At its northern end, Clark Street is at 1800 West; however the street runs diagonally through the Chicago grid for about 8 miles (13 km) to North Avenue (1600 N) and then runs at 100 West for the rest of its course south to Cermak Road. It is also seen in Riverdale beyond 127th street across the Calumet River, along with other nearby streets that ended just south of the Loop. The major length of Clark Street runs a total of 98 blocks.

Calumet River
The Calumet River is a system of  industrialized rivers and canals in the region between the south side of Chicago, Illinois, and the city of Gary, Indiana. Historically, the Little Calumet River and the Grand Calumet River were one, the former flowing west from Indiana into Illinois, then turning back east to its mouth at Lake Michigan at Marquette Park in Gary.  Now the system is part of the Chicago Area Waterway System and through the use of locks flows away from Lake Michigan to the Cal-Sag Channel.
1974 Salvadoran legislative election
Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 10 March 1974. The result was a victory for the National Conciliation Party, which won 36 of the 52 seats whilst the National Opposition Union (UNO) (an alliance of the Christian Democratic Party, the National Revolutionary Movement and the Nationalist Democratic Union) won only 15. However, the election was marred by massive fraud and the official vote counts were not published.

National Coalition Party (El Salvador)
The National Coalition Party (Spanish: Partido de Concertación Nacional, PCN) is a nationalist political party in El Salvador. Until 2011 it was known as the National Conciliation Party (Spanish: Partido de Conciliación Nacional, PCN). It was the most powerful political party in the country during the 1960s and 1970s, and was closely associated with the Salvadoran military. Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, a candidate of the National Conciliation Party, was elected president in 1962, and the next three presidents were also from the party. After the 1979 coup the party declined in influence but continued to exist.
Mad About the Boy (song)
"Mad About the Boy" is a popular song with words and music by actor and playwright Noël Coward. It was introduced in the 1932 revue Words and Music by Joyce Barbour, Steffi Duna, Norah Howard and Doris Hare. The song deals with the theme of unrequited love for a film star. It was written to be sung by female characters, although Coward (who was a gay man) also wrote a version which was never performed, containing references to the then-risqué topic of homosexual love. The song gained new popularity in 1992 when Dinah Washington's rendition was used in the Levi's television advertisement "Swimmer", directed by Tarsem Singh.

Doris Hare
Doris Breamer Hare (1 March 1905 – 30 May 2000) was a Welsh actress, comedian, singer, and dancer best known for portraying "Mum" Mabel Butler in the British sitcom On the Buses and its film spin-offs, after replacing the original actress Cicely Courtneidge.
Chott Melrhir
Chott Melrhir, (Arabic: شط ملغيغ) also known as Chott Melghir or Chott Melhir and Lake Tritonis in ancient myths, is an endorheic chott-kind of salt lake in northeastern Algeria. It is the westernmost part of a series of depressions which extend from the Gulf of Gabès into the Sahara. It was formerly known as Lake Tritonis. They were created between Miocene and Early Pleistocene as a result of compression accompanying the formation of the Atlas Mountains. With the maximum area of about 6,700 km2 (2,600 sq mi), it is the largest lake in Algeria. It lies almost entirely below sea level and contains the lowest point in Algeria, −40 meters (−130 feet). Its size varies over the year and is usually larger than 130 km (81 mi) from east to west. The nearby cities are Biskra (60 km north-west), El Oued and Touggourt (85 km south).

Atlas Mountains
The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in the Maghreb in North Africa. They separate the Sahara Desert from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; the mountain range stretches around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) through Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The mountains are associated with the Titan Atlas.  The range's highest peak is Toubkal, in central Morocco, with an elevation of 4,167 metres (13,671 ft). The Atlas Mountains are primarily inhabited by Berber populations.

The terms for 'mountain' are Adrar and adras in some Berber languages, and these terms are believed to be cognates of the toponym Atlas. The mountains are home to a number of animals and plants which are mostly found within Africa but some of which can be found in Europe. Many of these species are endangered and a few are already extinct. The weather is generally cool but summers are sunny, and the average temperature there is 25 °C.
Glucose paradox
The glucose paradox was the observation that the large amount of glycogen in the liver was not explained by the small amount of glucose absorbed. The explanation was that the majority of glycogen is made from a number of substances other than glucose. The glucose paradox was first formulated by biochemists J. Denis McGarry and Joseph Katz in 1984.

Joseph J. Katz
Joseph J. Katz (April 19, 1912, Detroit – January 28, 2008, Chicago) was a chemist at Argonne National Laboratory whose fundamental research on the chemistry of photosynthesis led to his election to the US National Academy of Sciences. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Czarist Russia. Neither parent had any formal education.
Noble Correctional Institution
The Noble Correctional Institution  is a medium-security prison for men located in Caldwell, Noble County, Ohio and operated by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.  The facility first opened in 1996 and has a population of 2482 state inmates.

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (DRC or ODRC) is the administrative department for the state of Ohio responsible for oversight of its adult prison system, along with its inmate population. Ohio's prison system is the sixth-largest in America, with 27 adult prisons and three facilities for juveniles. Inmates are classified with a security level of 1 through 4, including a special classification level of "E", with level 1 being the lowest and least restrictive, while level "E" is the highest, with the most restrictive security control measures in place. In December 2018, the number of inmates in Ohio totaled 49,255, with the prison system spending nearly $1.8 billion that year. ODRC headquarters are located in Columbus.
Sobinsky District
Sobinsky District (Russian: Со́бинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center and the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,523.8 square kilometers (588.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sobinka. Population: 50,883 (2021 Census); 58,801 (2010 Census); 24,864 (2002 Census); 25,549 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sobinka accounts for 34.3% of the district's total population.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Nauclér
Nauclér is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér (born 1967), Swedish immunologist

Elisabeth Nauclér (born 1952), Swedish-born Finnish politician and jurist

Sten-Eggert Nauclér (1914–1990), Swedish Army officer

Elisabeth Nauclér
Elisabeth Nauclér (born 7 March 1952 in Eda Municipality) is a Swedish-born Finnish independent politician and jurist. Naucler was the single member of parliament for the autonomous region of Åland in the Parliament of Finland. She sat with the mainland's Swedish People's Party in the parliament. In 2015 elections she was replaced by Mats Löfström. Nauclér's father was from Värmland in Sweden, and her mother was Norwegian.

Nauclér earned her degree in law in Uppsala University, and moved to Åland, Finland, with her Finnish husband. She began her career in the provincial administration of Åland in 1979 and continued until 2006. She was elected to the Parliament of Finland in the election of 2011 from the centre-right alliance Borgerlig allians (C, FS, Lib., Ob.).
Beneteau
Beneteau or Bénéteau (French pronunciation: [beneto]) is a French sail and motorboat manufacturer, with production facilities in France and in the United States. The company is a large and recognized boat builder, with its holding company (Groupe Beneteau) now also holding other prestigious brands, such as Jeanneau and its multihull subsidiary Lagoon in 1995.

Multihull
A multihull is a boat or ship with more than one hull, whereas a vessel with a single hull is  a monohull. The most common multihulls are catamarans (with two hulls), and trimarans (with three hulls). There are other types, with four or more hulls, but such examples are very rare and tend to be specialised for particular functions.
Lee Seung-hoon (tennis)
Lee Seung-hoon (born 22 May 1979) is a South Korean former professional tennis player.

Lee, a number one ranked Korean junior, was a member of the South Korea Davis Cup team in 2000 and 2001. One of his singles rubbers was a loss to New Zealand's Mark Nielsen in a match decided 7–9 in the fifth set. He studied at Myongji University and won a singles gold medal for South Korea at the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing. During his career he captured four ITF Futures singles titles, with a best world ranking of 391.

Myongji University
Myongji University (Korean: 명지대학교) is a private, Christian university founded in 1948 in South Korea. It provides higher education in the fields of engineering, sciences and humanities. It has two campuses: the Social Science Campus is located in Seoul and the Natural Science Campus is in Yongin which is 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of the capital. It consists of 10 colleges, 42 departments, seven faculties and eight specialized postgraduate programs.

Myongji University has been a center for practical humanism over the past half century, and is operating various and practical globalization programs while having exchange with 150 universities in 22 countries.
Melicope remyi
Melicope remyi, synonym Platydesma remyi, the Hawaiʻi pilo kea, is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii.  It is threatened by habitat loss. It is on the IUCN Red List of Endangered species.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Taylor Spur
Taylor Spur (78°31′S 84°9′W﻿ / ﻿78.517°S 84.150°W﻿ / -78.517; -84.150) is a wedge-shaped spur in Doyran Heights on the east side of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains marking the north side of the terminus of Guerrero Glacier and the west side of the entrance to Sikera Valley. It is located 13.07 km west-northwest of Batil Spur, the south extremity of Flowers Hills.

The feature was first mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Howard C. Taylor III, U.S. Navy, medical officer at the South Pole Station in 1957.

Sikera Valley
Sikera Valley (Bulgarian: долина Сикера, ‘Dolina Sikera’ \do-li-'na si-'ke-ra\) is an ice-filled valley spanning 17 km long and 5.7 km wide. The valley is located between Doyran Heights and Flowers Hills on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. A nameless steep 4-km side glacier drains northeastwards from Mount Havener in Doyran Heights, and empties into the upper part of the valley, south of Kostinbrod Pass. The valley ice flows southeastwards towards the Rutford Ice Stream.

The feature is named after the medieval fortress of Sikera in southeastern Bulgaria.
S Coronae Australis
S Coronae Australis (S CrA), is a young binary star system estimated to be around 2 million years old located in the constellation Corona Australis. It is composed of a G-type main sequence star that is about as luminous as and just over twice as massive as the Sun, and a smaller K-type main sequence star that has around 50-60% of the Sun's luminosity and 1.3 times its mass. Both stars are T Tauri stars and both show evidence of having circumstellar disks. The system is around 140 parsecs distant.

Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt discovered that the star is a variable star, in 1866.  It appeared with its variable star designation in Annie Jump Cannon's 1907 work Second Catalogue of Variable Stars.

Circumstellar disc
A circumstellar disc (or circumstellar disk) is a torus-, pancake- or ring-shaped accretion disk of matter composed of gas, dust, planetesimals, asteroids, or collision fragments in orbit around a star. Around the youngest stars, they are the reservoirs of material out of which planets may form. Around mature stars, they indicate that planetesimal formation has taken place, and around white dwarfs, they indicate that planetary material survived the whole of stellar evolution. Such a disc can manifest itself in various ways.
Kiwyu (Huarochirí)
Kiwyu (Jaqaru for a kind of partridges, hispanicized spelling Quiuyo) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches an altitude of approximately 4,800 metres (15,748 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Huanza District. Kiwyu lies northwest of a lake named Saqsaqucha (Quechua for "multi-colored lake").

Partridge
A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Several species have been introduced to the Americas. They are sometimes grouped in the Perdicinae subfamily of the Phasianidae (pheasants, quail, etc.). However, molecular research suggests that partridges are not a distinct taxon within the superfamily Phasianoidea, but that some species are closer to the pheasants, while others are closer to the junglefowl.
Rupert Bartlett
Rupert Wilfred Bartlett (January 23, 1921 – December 31, 2000) was a lawyer, judge and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Trinity South in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1971 to 1972.

The son of Lewis G. Bartlett and Clara Thompson, he was born in St. John's and was educated at Prince of Wales College and Memorial University. He took part in five Arctic expeditions led by Robert Bartlett. Bartlett was called to the Newfoundland bar in 1944; he was named Queen's Counsel in 1963. From 1969 to 1974, he was president of the Law Society of Newfoundland. Bartlett was named to the Supreme Court of Newfoundland in 1974.

He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1971.

Bartlett died at St. Patrick's Mercy Home in St. John's at the age of 79.

Carbonear-Trinity-Bay de Verde
Carbonear-Trinity-Bay de Verde is a provincial electoral district of the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The district covers the eastern edge of Trinity Bay and the tip of Conception Bay. In 2011, there were 6,968 eligible voters living within the district.

The district includes the communities of: Bay de Verde, Cavendish, Carbonear, Grate's Cove, Green's Harbour, Hants Harbour, Heart's Content, Heart's Delight, Heart's Desire, Hopeall, Islington, Long Beach, Lower Island Cove, New Perlican, Northern Bay, Old Perlican, Perry's Cove, Red Head Cove, Salmon Cove, Spout Cove, Western Bay, and Winterton. In the 2007 redistribution, added a small chunk of Carbonear-Harbour Grace while losing 16 per cent of the district to Bellevue. The district was subject to redistribution in 2015.
English-language vowel changes before historic /l/
In the history of English phonology, there have been many diachronic sound changes affecting vowels, especially involving phonemic splits and mergers. A number of these changes are specific to vowels which occur before /l/, especially in cases where the /l/ is at the end of a syllable (or is not followed by a vowel).

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Zong Zoua Her
Zong Zoua Her (alternate spelling Tsong Zua Heu; RPA: Zoov Zuag Hawj [ʐɔ̃̌ ʐṳə hâɨ], Pahawh: 𖬍𖬥𖬰 𖬑𖬶𖬥𖬰 𖬎𖬲𖬟 [ʐɔ̃̌ ʐṳə hâɨ]) was an ethnic Hmong. He was a Major in the Royal Lao Army before 1975. He was a key follower of Shong Lue Yang, also known as the "Mother of Writing", who developed the script called Pahawh Hmong. After 1975, he was the main early leader of the Hmong ChaoFa movement in Laos, until dying in his base area on Phou Bia Mountain in around 2000.

In the late 1970s he worked closely with Pa Kao Her, who later became the President of the Ethnic Liberation Organization of Laos (ELOL), which eventually became the ChaoFa Democratic Party. Pa Kao Her was assassinated in Chiang Rai, Thailand, in 2002.

Shong Lue Yang
Shong Lue Yang (RPA: Yaj Soob Lwj [jâ ʃɔ́ŋ lɨ̂], Pahawh: 𖬌𖬤𖬵 𖬘𖬲𖬞 𖬖𖬲𖬤; September 15, 1929 – February, 1971) was a Hmong spiritual leader and creator of the Pahawh script, a semi-syllabary for writing dialects of the Hmong language, as well as the Khmu language.

Coming under suspicion by opposing forces, he was assassinated in February 1971, during the Laotian Civil War. It was also rumored that Nao Tong  Yang his brother-in-law, who has killed many people, the order to kill Shong Lue Yang due to fear and jealousy. He is honored as the "Mother of Writing" (Niam Ntawv) among the some Hmong claim group. Like the Cherokee Sequoyah of the early 19th century in Indian Territory (now United States), Shong Lue Yang is one of the few people from a pre-literate society known in history to have independently created an effective writing system.
Sheep Range
The Sheep Range is located north of Las Vegas, Nevada, in the United States. It is found in both Clark and Lincoln Counties in the Desert National Wildlife Refuge. The mountains reach a peak at Hayford Peak, 9,912 feet (3,021 m) above sea level between the Las Vegas Range to the east and the Desert Range to the west. The Sheep Range lies in a generally north-south direction.

The Great Basin Divide starts an east-west transect at the northeast of the Spring Mountains, with the east-west transect border south being all of the Las Vegas Valley, and a midsection, north perimeter of the watershed for the Las Vegas Wash. The Great Basin Divide transect goes through the south region of the Sheep Range, and the transect ends eastwards at the Utah border, the Clover and Bull Valley Mountains.

The range was named for mountain sheep which roamed there.

Lincoln County, Nevada
Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,499, making it the fourth-least populous county in Nevada. Its county seat is Pioche. Like many counties in Nevada, it is dry and sparsely populated, though notable for containing the Area 51 government Air Force base.
Blad al-Qabayl
Blad al-Qabayl (Arabic: بلاد القبائل) is a sub-district located in the Al Haymah Ad Dakhiliyah District, Sana'a Governorate, Yemen. Blad al-Qabayl had a population of 10761 according to the 2004 census.

Sanaa Governorate
Sanaa (Arabic: صَنْعَاء Ṣanʿāʾ), also spelled San'a' or Sana, is a governorate of Yemen. The capital is Sanaa, which is also the national capital. However, the city of Sanaa is not part of the governorate but instead forms the separate governorate of Amanat Al-Asemah. The Governorate covers an area of 13,850 km2 (5,350 sq mi). As of 2004, the population was 2,918,379 inhabitants. Within this place is Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb or Jabal Hadhur, the highest mountain in the nation and the Arabian Peninsula.
Chronic Tacos
Chronic Tacos is an American chain of fast casual restaurants specializing in tacos, Mission or California burritos, tostada bowls, carne asada fries and churros. The first Chronic Tacos restaurant was opened in 2002 in Newport Beach, California, by Daniel Biello and Randy Wyner. As of 2020, the company operates over 60 locations across the United States, Canada and Japan.

Since 2011, the company has partnered with Dexter Holland's Gringo Bandito hot sauce company to host the Gringo Bandito Chronic Tacos Challenge, a competitive eating contest in which Takeru Kobayashi set world records in 2015 and again in 2017 for taco eating.

Newport Beach, California
Newport Beach is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newport Beach had a population of 85,239. Located about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, Newport Beach is known for its sandy beaches. The city's harbor once supported maritime industries; today, it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island draws visitors with a waterfront path and easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants.