hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
VFS
The initialism VFS can mean:

Marikina Valley Fault System, a dextral strike-slip fault in the Philippines.

Vancouver Film School, a school in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Vancouver Film Studios, a film production centre in Vancouver, British Columbia

Viafiers federalas svizras, Swiss Federal Railways

Versioning file system, a file system which provides for the concurrent existence of several versions of a file

Vertical Flight Society, a United States based society for the advancement of vertical flight

Vertical formation skydiving, is a subcategory of formation skydiving using high-speed body positions normally associated with freeflying

Virtual file system, a file system acting as an abstraction layer on top of a more concrete file system

Visa Facilitation Services, an organization in India for processing visa applications

VinFast, a Vietnamese automotive company (Nasdaq symbol: VFS)

VFS Global
VFS Global is a visa and passport administration outsourcing company for governments and diplomatic missions. Zubin Karkaria founded the company in 2001 while he was chief executive at Kuoni Travel. Formerly based in India, the company is now headquartered in Dubai with offices in 147 countries. In 2024, the company processed over 100,000 applications daily with over 100 million applications processed in the preceding five year period.

Over the past two decades, VFS Global has expanded its global presence and broadened its range of services for governments and diplomatic missions including seven global contracts from the governments of Austria, Australia, Iceland, Latvia, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. VFS Global has faced criticism for alleged exploitative practices, lack of transparency, and data security failures. Visa applicants from lower-income countries have reported missed flights and wrongful denials due to delays and errors, including failure to scan key documents.
Richard Turner (iron-founder)
Richard Turner (1798–1881) was an Irish iron founder and manufacturer of glasshouses, born in Dublin. He is rated as one of the most important glasshouse designers of his time. His works included the Palm House at Kew Gardens (with Decimus Burton), the glasshouse in the Winter Gardens at Regent's Park in London, the Palm House at Belfast Botanic Gardens and the Curvilinear Range at the Irish National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Ireland.

Glasnevin
Glasnevin (Irish: Glas Naíon, meaning 'stream of the infants', also known as Glas Naedhe, meaning "stream of O'Naeidhe" after a local stream and an ancient chieftain) is a neighbourhood of Dublin, Ireland, situated on the River Tolka. While primarily residential, Glasnevin is also home to the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin Cemetery, the National Meteorological Office, and a range of other state bodies, and Dublin City University has its main campus and other facilities in and near the area. Glasnevin is also a civil parish in the ancient barony of Coolock.
Johann Weyer
Johannes Wier (Latin: Ioannes Wierus or Piscinarius; 1515 – 24 February 1588) was a Dutch physician who was among the first to publish a thorough treatise against the trials and persecution of people accused of witchcraft. His most influential work is De Praestigiis Daemonum et Incantationibus ac Venificiis ('On the Illusions of the Demons and on Spells and Poisons'; 1563).

Kurt Baschwitz
Siegfried Kurt Baschwitz (2 February 1886, Offenburg – 6 January 1968 Amsterdam), was a journalist, a professor of press, propaganda and public opinion, scholar on newspapers, and crowd psychology.

Baschwitz, who, as was customary in German middle class, was known by his second name Kurt, was a German Jew and a friend of Otto Frank, the father of Anne Frank. Baschwitz was called upon as an expert to advise on the publication of the Diary of Anne Frank and later again authenticate it.
Horace J. Jackson
Horace J. Jackson (August 1845 – January 7, 1915) was an American drayman, dockworker and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1881 to 1883. A founding member of the Workingmen's Party of California, he was elected in 1880 on a Workingmen's-Democratic Fusion ticket. He was later active in Democratic and Union Labor Party politics.

Jackson served in the Union Army under General George McClellan during the Civil War. He was a member of the Riggers' and Stevedores' Union and spoke in favor of the Union Labor Party shortly after its foundation. As the San Francisco Examiner wrote:

Horace Jackson of the Longshoremen's Union said the laboring man was always looking for someone in the so-called educated classes to be his master. There is no need, he said, to do so. The wageworker is intelligent enough to manage his own affairs, political or otherwise.

San Francisco Examiner
The San Francisco Examiner is a newspaper distributed in and around San Francisco, California, and has been published since 1863. Once self-dubbed the "Monarch of the Dailies" by then-owner William Randolph Hearst and the flagship of the Hearst chain, the Examiner converted to free distribution early in the 21st century and is owned by Clint Reilly Communications, which bought the newspaper at the end of 2020 along with the SF Weekly.
Marcel Dionne (politician)
Marcel Dionne (21 November 1931 – 3 March 1998) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Victor-de-Tring, Quebec and became a businessman by career.

He won the Chicoutimi electoral district in the 1979 federal election and was re-elected there in 1980. Dionne was defeated in the 1984 election by André Harvey of the Progressive Conservative party. He served in the 31st and 32nd Canadian Parliaments.

Dionne died on 3 March 1998 following a heart attack.

1980 Canadian federal election
The 1980 Canadian federal election was held on February 18, 1980, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 32nd Parliament of Canada. It was called when the budget of the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Prime Minister Joe Clark was defeated in the Commons. As of 2025, it remains the most recent election triggered by the defeat of a government budget in the Commons. The Liberal Party under former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau won a narrow majority, returning Trudeau to the Premiership for a fourth and ultimately final term. This is the most recent election – and the first since 1935 – in which a sitting government was defeated at the polls after only one elected term. This is also the most recent election in which the Liberals  won more seats in Quebec than in the rest of Canada – since this election, no party has ever bested the Liberals' 74-seat showing in Quebec.
Moscow Province
The Moscow Province (Russian: Московская провинция) was a province of Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire, which existed 1719–1775. Its center was the city of Moscow.

Moscow province was formed as part of the Moscow gubernya by decree of Peter the Great in 1719. The cities of Moscow, Borisovo, Borovsk, Vereya, Volokolamsk, Dmitrov, Zvenigorod, Kashira, Klin, Kolomna, Maloyaroslavets, Mozhaysk, Ruza, Serpukhov with Obolensk and Tarusa counties were included in the province.

In November 1775, the division of gubernyas into provinces was abolished.

Obolenskoye, Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast
Obolensk is also the name of a modern settlement (established 1975 as a base for the Soviet Biopreparat biological weapons program, and named for the historical city) in Serpukhovsky District, Moscow Oblast.

54°53′41″N 36°55′20″E﻿ / ﻿54.89472°N 36.92222°E﻿ / 54.89472; 36.92222
Obolensk (Russian: Оболенск) was a city in Russia, and in the medieval period one of the Upper Oka Principalities,  situated at the Protva River (some 80 km south-to-southwest of Moscow, or some 20 km downstream (east) of Obninsk).
9th Tony Awards
The 9th Annual Tony Awards, presented by the American Theatre Wing, took place at the Plaza Hotel Grand Ballroom on March 27, 1955. It was broadcast on radio by the National Broadcasting Company. The presenter was Helen Hayes and music was composed and presented by Meyer Davis and his Orchestra.

American Theatre Wing
The American Theatre Wing (the Wing for short) is a New York City-based non-profit organization "dedicated to supporting excellence and education in theatre", according to its mission statement. Originally known as the Stage Women's War Relief during World War I, it later became a part of the World War II Allied Relief Fund under its current name. The ATW created and sponsors the Tony Awards for excellence in live Broadway theatre.
Livek
Livek (pronounced [ˈliːʋək]; Italian: Luico) is a village in the Municipality of Kobarid in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is located on the border with Italy, under Mount Matajur and the Kolovrat mountain range, which separates the Italian region of Friuli from the Upper Soča Valley.

The parish church in the center of the village is dedicated to Saint James.

Slovene Littoral
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

The Slovene Littoral, or simply Littoral (Slovene: Primorska, pronounced [pɾiˈmóːɾska] ⓘ; Italian: Litorale; German: Küstenland), is one of the traditional regions of Slovenia. The littoral in its name – for a coastal-adjacent area – recalls the former Austrian Littoral (Avstrijsko Primorje), the Habsburg possessions on the upper Adriatic coast, of which the Slovene Littoral was part. Today, the Littoral is often associated with the Slovenian ethnic territory that, in the first half of the 20th century, found itself in Italy to the west of the Rapallo Border, which separated a quarter of Slovenes from the rest of the nation, and was strongly influenced by Italian fascism.
Anta Bogićević
Antonije Bogićević (Serbian: Антоније Богићевић; c. 1758–1813), known by the hypocorism Anta (Анта), was a Serbian vojvoda (general) during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13), mostly active around Loznica and by the Drina river.

Drina
The Drina (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрина, pronounced [drǐːna]) is a 346 km (215 mi) long river in the Balkans, which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube River drainage basin.

The Drina originates from the confluence of the rivers Tara and Piva, in the glen between the slopes of the Maglić, Hum and Pivska Planina mountains, between the villages of Šćepan Polje, Montenegro and Hum, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Miercurea Nirajului gas field
The Miercurea Nirajului gas field is a natural gas field located in Miercurea Nirajului, Mureș County, Romania. Discovered in 1915, it was developed by Romgaz, beginning production of natural gas and condensates in 1930. By 2010 the total proven reserves of the Miercurea Nirajului gas field were around 1.42 trillion ft3 (40 km3), with a production rate of around 35 million ft3/day (1×105 m3).

Mureș County
Mureș County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈmureʃ], Romanian: Județul Mureș, Hungarian: Maros megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș. The county was established in 1968, after the administrative reorganization that re-introduced the historical județ (county) system, still used today. This reform eliminated the previous Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region, which had been created in 1952 within the People's Republic of Romania. Mureș County has a vibrant multicultural fabric that includes Hungarian-speaking Székelys and Transylvanian Saxons, with a rich heritage of fortified churches and towns.
Lutogniewice
Lutogniewice [lutɔɡɲɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bogatynia, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech and German borders.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
First Day of the Easter Rising
The first day of the Easter Rising, Monday, 24 April 1916, saw some 1,200 volunteer soldiers of the Irish Volunteers take over positions in the centre of Dublin, launching the week-long revolution known as the Easter Rising.

Irish Volunteers
The Irish Volunteers (Irish: Óglaigh na hÉireann), also known as the Irish Volunteer Force or the Irish Volunteer Army, was a paramilitary organisation established in 1913 by nationalists and republicans in Ireland. It was ostensibly formed in response to the formation of its Irish unionist/loyalist counterpart the Ulster Volunteers in 1912, and its declared primary aim was "to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland". Its ranks included members of the Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League), Ancient Order of Hibernians, Sinn Féin and the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Increasing rapidly to a strength of nearly 200,000 by mid-1914, it split in September of that year over John Redmond's support for the British war effort during World War I, with the smaller group opposed to Redmond's decision retaining the name Irish Volunteers.
Juan Menéndez Pidal
Juan Menéndez Pidal (1858, in Madrid – 1915) was a Spanish archivist, jurisconsult, historian, and poet, brother of Luis and Ramón Menéndez Pidal.  He was long a director of the Archivo Histórico Nacional at Madrid, and a director of the Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas, y Museos.

Born in Madrid, he studied law until he obtained his title, and then devoted himself to journalism. His Dios y César, an ecclesiastical and legal study of the relation of church and state, attracted much attention.  In 1914 he was elected a member of the Spanish Royal Academy of the Language.

National Historical Archive (Spain)
The National Historical Archive of Spain (Archivo Histórico Nacional) is based in Serrano Street in Madrid.
It was founded in the nineteenth century when it shared a building with the Real Academia de la Historia.

The collections of the Archive include sections housed outside Madrid, for example the General Archive of the Spanish Civil War in Salamanca.
Bricolo
Bricolo is a village in south-western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Soubré, Soubré Department, Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District.

Bricolo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Nawa Region
Nawa Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Bas-Sassandra District. The seat of the region is Soubré and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,165,472, making it the second-most populous region in Ivory Coast.

Nawa is currently divided into four departments: Buyo, Guéyo, Méagui, and Soubré.
A Sparrowhawk
A Sparrowhawk (Italian: Uno sparviero) is a painting by Venetian artist Jacopo de' Barbari, probably made late in the 1510s, while he was working in the Netherlands towards the end of his life.

Painted in oils on an oak panel, it measures 17.8 cm × 10.8 cm (7.0 in × 4.3 in).  It depicts a female sparrowhawk, perched on a wooden rail near the corner of a room, with shadows thrown onto the plain plastered wall behind.  The grey-winged bird of prey has jesses with a bell attached to its legs.  It may be a fragment of a larger work, now lost.  It has been considered as an early example of a trompe-l'œil painting, using perspective and shadows to give the impression of a real bird occupying space, similar to The Goldfinch of Carel Fabritius.

It was acquired by the National Gallery, London in 1916, as part of the Layard Bequest.

Trompe-l'œil
Trompe-l'œil (French for 'deceive the eye'; /trɒmpˈlɔɪ/ tromp-LOY; French: [tʁɔ̃p lœj] ⓘ) is an artistic technique that creates a highly realistic optical illusion of three-dimensional space and objects on a two-dimensional surface. Trompe-l'œil, which is most often associated with painting, tricks the viewer into perceiving painted objects or spaces as real. Forced perspective is a related illusion in architecture, and Op art a modern style mostly dealing with geometric patterns.
Caroline Paterson
Caroline Paterson is a Scottish actress and director who has appeared in many Scottish television shows such as one-off STV drama, The Steamie and the BBC's Rab C. Nesbitt. Also Laura in an episode of Hamish Macbeth. However, she is most recognised for her role in EastEnders as Ruth Fowler. She also appeared as Patricia Cullen in BBC Scotland soap River City. In 2005 she had a one episode appearance in the BAFTA award-winning BBC series Spooks as Jessica Mortimer. In 2008, Paterson appeared in Coronation Street as police detective DC Weller after David Platt pushed his mother, Gail down the stairs of their home, and again in December 2008 to investigate allegations against Tony Gordon. She had a cameo role in the sixth season of Skins as the mother of Franky. She also appeared in River City, as Sandra Devlin.

Spooks (TV series)
Spooks (known as MI-5 in some countries) is a British television spy drama series that originally aired on BBC One from 13 May 2002 to 23 October 2011, consisting of 10 seasons. The title is a colloquialism for spies, and the series follows the activities of the intelligence officers of Section D in MI5, based at the service's Thames House headquarters, in a highly secure suite of offices known as The Grid. In the United States, the show is broadcast under the title MI-5. In Canada, the programme originally aired as MI-5, but later aired on BBC Canada as Spooks.

The series continued with a film, Spooks: The Greater Good, which was released on 8 May 2015.
Cheilosa
Cheilosa is a  monotypic plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1826. Only one species is recognized: Cheilosa montana, native to Southeast Asia (Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines, Java).

formerly included

moved to Trigonostemon

Cheilosa whiteana Croizat, synonym of Trigonostemon whiteanus (Croizat) Airy Shaw

Trigonostemon
Trigonostemon is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae and the sole member of its tribe (Trigonostemoneae). It was first described as a genus in 1826. It is native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian subcontinent, Queensland, and a few islands in the western Pacific.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera (Cleidion Croton Dimorphocalyx Omphalea Paracroton Wetria )
Scars from Falling Down
Scars From Falling Down is a studio album by Steel Pole Bath Tub, released in 1995 through Slash Records.

"Twist" was released as the album's single, accompanied by a video. Slash dropped the band after the release of the album, rejecting the idea of a follow-up album composed of experimental Cars covers.

Slash Records
Slash Records was an American record label originally specializing in local punk rock bands, active from 1978 to 2000. It was notable as one of the first and most successful independent record labels in alternative music, before its eventual acquisition by Warner Music Group.
Caesar Rentie
Caesar Rentie (born November 10, 1964) is an American former professional football tackle. He was drafted and played for the Chicago Bears in 1988 and for the New York/New Jersey Knights from 1991 to 1992.

New York/New Jersey Knights
The New York/New Jersey Knights was a franchise in the World League of American Football for the 1991 and 1992 seasons. They played in the North American East division, which they won in the 1991 season. They were coached by Mouse Davis, an originator of the run and shoot offense.

After 1992, the NFL (who backed the league) suspended the WLAF's operations. When the WLAF returned in the 1995 season the league was concentrated in Europe, and none of the seven North American teams (including New York/New Jersey Knights) returned.

They played their home games at Giants Stadium, also the former home to the NFL's New York Giants and New York Jets.
Come Come Everybody
Come Come Everybody (カムカムエヴリバディ, Kamu Kamu Evuribadi) is a Japanese television drama series and the 105th NHK Asadora series, following Okaeri Mone. It premiered on November 1, 2021, and concluded on April 8, 2022. The story is about 100 years-old family, three generations, Yasuko (grandmother), Rui (mother), and Hinata (daughter) who worked with a radio English course during the Shōwa, Heisei, and Reiwa eras. The drama is set in Okayama, Osaka and Kyoto.

Reiwa era
Reiwa (Japanese: 令和; pronounced [ɾeːwa] ⓘ or [ɾeꜜːwa]) is the current and 232nd era of the official calendar of Japan. It began on 1 May 2019, the day on which Emperor Akihito's eldest son, Naruhito, ascended the throne as the 126th Emperor of Japan. The day before, Emperor Akihito abdicated the Chrysanthemum Throne, marking the end of the Heisei era. The year 2019 corresponds with Heisei 31 from 1 January to 30 April, and with Reiwa 1 (令和元年, Reiwa gannen; 'the base year of Reiwa') from 1 May. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan explained the meaning of Reiwa to be "beautiful harmony".
Boddam Castle
Boddam Castle is a ruined castle in Boddam, Aberdeenshire, on the coast of north-east Scotland. It was thought to have been built in the early 16th century as a seat for the Keiths of Ludquharn. It is a scheduled monument and was a Category B listed structure until its listed status was removed in 2015 due to dual designation. Only slight remains survive, chiefly parts of a gatehouse with a semi-circular moulded archway and a window with a relieving arch above.

Parts of the castle's cannons were still lying sunk in the bank as late as 1776.

Boddam, Aberdeenshire
Boddam is a coastal village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is 29 miles (47 km) north of Aberdeen and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Peterhead. The settlement of Stirling Village lies immediately to the west. Sea cliffs rise to 200 feet (61 m), south of the village: a coastal path leads along these to the Bullers of Buchan.
1932 Kategoria e Dytë
The 1932 Kategoria e Dytë is the second season of the second tier of football in Albania. The league was played between April and May 1932 and it was divided into 3 groups, Group A being an exhibition tournament and the winners of Group B and C played each other in the final. The final was played between SK Kavajë and SK Vlorë, which was won by SK Kavajë 3-1 to be crowned champions.

Kategoria e Parë
Kategoria e Parë is the second tier of professional football in Albania, positioned below Kategoria Superiore and above Kategoria e Dytë.

Established in 1930, the league comprises 12 teams. The top two teams earn direct promotion to Kategoria Superiore, while the teams ranked 3rd to 6th enter a playoff tournament.

The winner faces the 8th-placed team from Kategoria Superiore in a promotion play-off match. At the other end of the table, the bottom two teams are relegated to Kategoria e Dytë, while the teams finishing 9th and 10th must compete in a relegation play-off to retain their spot in the league.