hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 441
NGC 441 is a lenticular galaxy of type (R')SB(rs)0/a? located in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on September 27, 1834, by British astronomer John Herschel. It was described by Dreyer as "pretty faint, small, round, gradually brighter middle."

One supernova has been observed in NGC 441: SN 2024agld (type Ia, mag. 18.947) was discovered by ATLAS on December 31, 2024.

John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926), also Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland.  He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.
Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Station 385
Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Station 385 is a heritage-listed former anti-aircraft defence and gun emplacement at 50 Pritchard Street, Lytton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1943 by the Allied Works Council. It is also known as Lytton Heavy Anti-Aircraft battery emplacement and Gun Station 385. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 June 2019.

Allied Works Council
The Allied Works Council was an organisation set up to oversee and organise military construction works in Australia during World War II.

Established in 25 February 1942, with their first offices in Melbourne, the Allied Works Council was responsible for carrying out any works required by the Allied Forces including providing any equipment, materials or workmen required to carry out these works. By 30 June 1943 they had 4,609 administrative and technical staff and a enrolment in the Civil Constructional Corps of 66,274 and 2,521 in the Civil Alien Corps which was made up primarily of Italian internees. In these roles they were considered 'enemy aliens' and 'prisoners of war'.

Edward Granville Theodore, a former Premier of Queensland (1919–1925) and Federal Treasurer (1929–1931), was appointed Director-General of the Council. Following the war, the work of the council evolved into the Ministry for Works.
Osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb
'Osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb, also known as trapeziometacarpal arthritis (TMC OA)'or thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMC OA). 
The main symptom is pain, particularly with gripping and pinching. This pain is often described as weakness, but true weakness is not a part of this disease. People may also note a change in shape of the thumb.

The joint is formed by the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone of the thumb. This is one of the joints in the human body where most of us develop osteoarthritis with age. Osteoarthritis is age-related loss of the smooth surface of the bone where it moves against another bone (cartilage of the joint). In reaction to the loss of cartilage, the bones thicken at the joint surface, resulting in subchondral sclerosis. Also, bony outgrowths, called osteophytes (also known as "bone spurs"), are formed at the joint margins.

Surgery is available, but most people seem to accommodate trapeziometacarpal arthritis.

Exostosis
An exostosis (pl. exostoses) is a benign (non-cancerous) new growth projecting from the surface of a bone, informally known as a bone spur. Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion, though most are asymptomatic and are found by chance on plain x-ray taken for other reasons. Occasionally, an exostosis can be potentially life-threatening.

When used in the phrases "cartilaginous exostosis" or "osteocartilaginous exostosis", the term is considered synonymous with osteochondroma. Some sources consider the two terms to mean the same thing even without qualifiers, but this interpretation is not universal.

Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, may leave the adjacent bone with exostosis formation. Charcot foot, the neuropathic breakdown of the feet seen primarily in diabetics, can also leave bone spurs that may then become symptomatic.
Becoming Billie Holiday
Becoming Billie Holiday is a 2008 book of poetry for young readers by American poet and author Carole Boston Weatherford and illustrated by Floyd Cooper, originally published by Wordsong. It won an honorary Coretta Scott King Award in 2009.

Highlights (magazine)
Highlights for Children, often referred to simply as Highlights, is an American children's magazine. It was started in June 1946 by educators Garry Cleveland Myers and Caroline Clark Myers in Honesdale, Pennsylvania. They worked for the children's magazine Children's Activities for twelve years before leaving to start Highlights. The Highlights tagline is "Fun with a Purpose".

While editorial offices remain in Honesdale, business operations are based in Columbus, Ohio. The company also owns several subsidiaries, including book publisher Zaner-Bloser. Highlights surpassed one billion magazine copies in 2006.

Highlights, High Five, High Five Bilingüe, Highlights CoComelon, Hello, brainPLAY magazines do not carry any third-party advertising or commercial messages.
Gundlapochampally
Gundlapochampally is a residential neighbourhood located on the northern side of Hyderabad in the Medchal–Malkajgiri district of Telangana, India. It is part of the city of Hyderabad and lies within the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region. The area is strategically situated along National Highway 44 (NH-44) and is in close proximity to the Nehru Outer Ring Road (ORR), providing excellent connectivity to major parts of the city and surrounding suburbs. Gundlapochampally now falls under the jurisdiction of the Cyberabad Municipal Corporation following the 2026 reorganisation of the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.

Medchal-Malkajgiri district
Medchal−Malkajgiri district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Shamirpet is the headquarter of the district. It is the second most populous district in the state with a population of 2.5 million and also 91.40% urbanized district in the state of Telangana, standing next only to Hyderabad district which has a population of 4 million. The district shares boundaries with Hyderabad, Medak, Sangareddy, Yadadri, Siddipet and Rangareddy districts.The most part of the district consist of Hyderabad City (GHMC)
Kavousi
Kavousi is a historic village in the municipality of Ierapetra in the regional unit of Lasithi in eastern Crete. "Kavousi" in the Cretan dialect means "water source" (Greek: Πηγή). The village is situated 19 km (11.8 mi) northeast of Ierapetra, 26 km (16 mi) east of Agios Nikolaos and 42 km (26 mi) west of Sitia. The village is located in the northern foothills of the  Thripti mountain range at an elevation of 140 meters above sea level. Many archaeological sites have been discovered in the area of Kavousi, among which are Vronda, Kastro, Azoria, Chrysokamino and the isle Pseira. Kavousi lies just 3.6 km (2.2 mi) south of Tholos Beach. The village has views over the Gulf of Mirabello and the Isthmus of Ierapetra.

Mirabello Bay
Mirabello Bay (also Bay/Gulf of Mirabello/Mirabella) is an embayment of the Sea of Crete on the eastern part of Crete in present-day Greece. It is the largest bay of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. The tourist town Agios Nikolaos overlooks the bay. This locale was important in prehistoric settlement of the island of Crete.
Menninkäinen
In Finnish mythology and lore, the menninkäinen (pronounced [ˈmenːiŋkæi̯nen]) were originally described as spirits that lived in isolated places and were considered generally friendly to humans. Over time the mythology of the term evolved with the menninkäinen described as goblin-like creatures. These creatures are believed to be similar to leprechauns as they guard treasures and enjoy riddles and games of dominance. Sources disagree over where menninkäinen reside with some sources calling them "industrial workers" in urban environments, and others as forrest dwellers.

Leprechaun
A leprechaun (Irish: lucharachán/leipreachán/luchorpán) is a diminutive supernatural being in Irish folklore, classed by some as a type of solitary fairy. They are usually depicted as little bearded men, wearing a coat and hat, who partake in mischief. In later times, they have been depicted as shoe-makers who have a hidden pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.

Leprechaun-like creatures rarely appear in Irish mythology and only became prominent in later folklore.
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution of sulfur isotopes in biological and geological materials. In addition to its common isotope, 32S, sulfur has three rare stable isotopes: 34S, 36S, and 33S. The distribution of these isotopes in the environment is controlled by many biochemical and physical processes, including biological metabolisms, mineral formation processes, and atmospheric chemistry. Measuring the abundance of sulfur stable isotopes in natural materials, like bacterial cultures, minerals, or seawater, can reveal information about these processes both in the modern environment and over Earth history.

Isotope fractionation
Isotope fractionation describes fractionation processes that affect the relative abundance of isotopes, a phenomenon that occurs (and so advantage is taken of it) in the study geochemistry, biochemistry, food science,  and other fields. Normally, the focus is on stable isotopes of the same element. Isotopic fractionation can be measured by isotope analysis, using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance methods (specialised techniques,) cavity ring-down spectroscopy, etc., to measure ratios of isotopes, important tools to understand geochemical and biological systems, past and present. For example, biochemical processes cause changes in ratios of stable carbon isotopes incorporated into biomass.
Hyphomicrobiales
The Hyphomicrobiales (synonym Rhizobiales) are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria.

The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families. The four families Nitrobacteraceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, and Rhizobiaceae contain at least several genera of nitrogen-fixing, legume-nodulating, microsymbiotic bacteria. Examples are the genera Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium. Species of the Methylocystaceae are methanotrophs; they use methanol (CH3OH) or methane (CH4) as their sole energy and carbon sources. Other important genera are the human pathogens Bartonella and Brucella, as well as Agrobacterium, an important tool in genetic engineering.

Rhizobium
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants.

The bacteria colonize plant cells to form root nodules, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia using the enzyme nitrogenase. The ammonia is shared with the host plant in the form of organic nitrogenous compounds such as glutamine or ureides. The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis. This mutually beneficial relationship is true of all of the rhizobia, of which the genus Rhizobium is a typical example. Rhizobium is also capable of solubilizing phosphate.
Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit
The Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit (CFPU) was a Canadian Army unit founded in 1941 in order to document military operations during World War II. It was the last unit of its kind to be founded by the Allied armies. Among the campaigns which it recorded were the invasion of Sicily, the D-Day landings, the liberation of Paris and the Elbe River link-up of the Allied armies, known as 'Elbe Day'.

Courseulles-sur-Mer
Courseulles-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [kuʁsœl syʁ mɛʁ] ⓘ, lit. 'Courseulles on Sea'), commonly known as Courseulles, is a commune in the Calvados department, Normandy, northwestern France. Until 1957, the town's name was simply Courseulles. It lies 3 km west of Bernières-sur-Mer and 18 km north of Caen.

It is a popular tourist destination not only with locals but also with international visitors who come to tour the Normandy landing beaches. The population of the town can reach 15,000 people in the summer months owing to the numerous summer homes, owned for the most part by Parisians. The town is split in two by the river Seulles.
Portrait of a Young Man Holding a Letter
Portrait of a Young Man Holding a Letter is an oil-on-panel painting by Rosso Fiorentino, executed in 1518, now in the National Gallery, London. It is dated 22 June 1518 on the letter held by the unidentified young man in black hat and clothes.

In his Lives of the Artists Vasari briefly mentions that many portraits by Fiorentino could still be seen in Florentine homes, probably produced before Rosso left for Volterra in 1521 – this work is thought to be one of them.

Rosso Fiorentino
Giovanni Battista di Jacopo (8 March 1495 – 14 November 1540), known as Rosso Fiorentino (meaning "Florentine Redhead" in Italian) or Il Rosso ("The Redhead"), was an Italian Mannerist painter who worked in oil and fresco and belonged to the Florentine school.
Charles N. Loucks House
The Charles N. Loucks House is a historic house at 3926 N. Keeler Avenue in the Irving Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The house was built in 1889 for Charles N. Loucks, a real estate planner who developed much of Irving Park, and his family. Clarence H. Tabor, an architect who worked for Loucks' real estate company, designed the Queen Anne house. The house's design features a front porch with carved wooden trim and a pediment, a front-facing gable with a floral design at its peak, and a tower with a conical roof. The interior includes distinctive floral-patterned art glass windows, which include both clear and stained glass and were inspired by English and Japanese design.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 1984.

Irving Park, Chicago
Irving Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, and is located on the city's Northwest Side. It is bounded by the Chicago River on the east, the Milwaukee Road railroad tracks on the west, Addison Street on the south and Montrose Avenue on the north, west of Pulaski Road stretching to encompass the region between Belmont Avenue on the south and, roughly, Leland Avenue on the north. It is named after the American author Washington Irving.

Old Irving Park, bounded by Montrose Avenue, Pulaski Road, Addison Street, and Cicero Avenue, has a variety of housing stock with Queen Anne, Victorian, and Italianate homes, a few farmhouses, and numerous bungalows.

The CTA Blue Line runs through this neighborhood with stops at Addison, Irving Park, and Montrose.
Al-Qubayba, Ramle
Al-Qubayba (Arabic: القبيبة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on May 27, 1948, by the Givati Brigade as part of the Second stage of Operation Barak. It was located 10.5 km southeast of Ramla near the Rubin River (or Wadi al-Sarar) which provided the village with water and irrigation for agriculture. Al-Qubayba was mostly destroyed with the exception of a few houses, and Kfar Gevirol was built in its place, now a suburb in the west of Rehovot.

Operation Barak
Operation Barak (Hebrew: מבצע ברק, Mivtza Barak, lit. Operation Lightning) was a Haganah offensive launched just before the end of the British Mandate in Palestine. It was part of Plan Dalet. Its objective was to capture villages North of Gaza in anticipation of the arrival of the Egyptian army. It was undertaken by the newly formed Giv'ati brigade, commanded by Shimon Avidan.
Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line
The Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line is a 621-kilometre (385.9 mi) standard-gauge railway line inaugurated on 20 February 2008. Designed for speeds of 350 km/h (217.5 mph) and compatibility with neighbouring countries' rail systems, it connects the cities of Madrid and Barcelona in 2 hours 30 minutes. In Barcelona the line is connected with the Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line leading into France which connects it to the European high speed network.

Trains are operated by the national railway Renfe under the AVE and Avlo brands, and by private competitors Ouigo España and Iryo.

Figueres
Figueres (Catalan: [fiˈɣeɾəs] ⓘ; Spanish: Figueras [fiˈɣeɾas] ⓘ) is the capital city of Alt Empordà County, in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain. The town is the birthplace of artist Salvador Dalí, and houses the Dalí Theatre and Museum, a large museum designed by Dalí himself which attracts many visitors. It is also the birthplace of Narcís Monturiol, inventor of the first successful machine-powered submarine. Also born here was Mónica Naranjo, one of the best-selling Spanish singers of the 1990s and 2000s.
Alone Together (TV series)
Alone Together is an American sitcom that was created by and starring Benji Aflalo and Esther Povitsky. Eben Russell also co-created the series and executive produces alongside Aflalo and Povitsky. The series is also produced by The Lonely Island's Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone. It follows two platonic best friends who attempt to find a foothold in Los Angeles. It premiered on January 10, 2018 on Freeform. The series' second season began airing on August 1, 2018.

On November 2, 2018, Freeform canceled the series after two seasons.

Chris D'Elia
Christopher William D'Elia (born March 29, 1980) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and podcast host. He is known for playing Alex Miller on the NBC sitcom Whitney (2011–2013), Danny Burton on the NBC sitcom Undateable (2014–2016), Kenny on the ABC television series The Good Doctor (2017–2018) and Henderson on the Netflix thriller series You (2019).
Jolimont (mountain)
The Jolimont  is a hill that stretches Southwest to Northeast for about 4 km along the Thielle canal, between the Lake of Neuchâtel and the Lake of Bienne, in the Seeland, Switzerland.

The Jolimont elevation starts in Gampelen till Erlach (fr. Cerlier), where its promontory into the Lake of Bienne builds both the Isthmus and the St. Petersinsel peninsula. North, nestled between it and the Thielle canal lies Gals and, at its southern side, Tschugg.

Seeland (Switzerland)
Seeland (lit.: Lakeland, also German: Drei-Seen-Land, French: Pays des trois lacs) is a region in Switzerland, at the south-eastern foot of the mountain range of the Jura Mountains containing the 3 Lakes of Morat, Neuchâtel, and Bienne (Biel). In previous eras, it was the floodplain of the Aare and was thus swampy. After major hydrological works (the Jura water correction), the area drained out and could support more cultivation. Seeland is one of the most important regions in Switzerland for growing vegetables, particularly in the Grand Marais (lit.: Large Marshland, German: Grosses Moos).

The region is at the boundary of the cantons of Bern, Fribourg, Neuchâtel, and Vaud, forming part of the linguistic boundary region between French- and German-speaking Switzerland.

The Bernese Seeland is one of five administrative divisions (regions) in the canton of Bern with a population of 76,052 (as of 2020) in 46 municipalities.
Geophilus erzurumensis
Geophilus erzurumensis is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found only in Erzurum, Turkey, which it is named after. The original description of this species is based on a single male specimen measuring 15 mm in length with 41 pairs of legs.

Geophilidae
Geophilidae (from Ancient Greek γεω- (geo-), meaning "earth", and φίλος (phílos), meaning "lover") is a family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea and the order Geophilomorpha. In 2014, a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological and molecular data found this family to be polyphyletic. To avoid this polyphyly, authorities dismissed the families Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, and Macronicophilidae, which are now deemed to be junior synonyms for Geophilidae. Authorities also moved some genera from Geophilidae to form the family Zelanophildae in order to avoid the polyphyly of the family Geophilidae. The family Geophilidae now includes more than 650 species in more than 120 genera. This family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found almost worldwide.
Temptation Chiwunga
Temptation Chiwunga (born 10 March 1992) is a Zimbabwean professional footballer who plays as a forward for South Africa's National First Division club, JDR Stars FC, and the Zimbabwe national team.

Born in Zimbabwe, Chiwunga's family moved to South Africa in 2010, and he begain playing club football with JDR Stars. He captained Ubuntu Cape Town before returning to captain JDR Stars in 2020.

National First Division
The National First Division, officially known as the Motsepe Foundation Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest league of South African  football after the South African Premiership. Both the South African Championship and South African Premiership are organised by the Premier Soccer League.
New Japanese Literature Association
The New Japanese Literature Association (新日本文学会, Shin Nihon Bungakkai) was a professional association for Japanese writers, poets, and literary critics that existed from 1945 to 2005. For many years, the association was under the influence of the Japan Communist Party, before breaking away in the 1960s. In the early postwar era, it counted large numbers of the most prominent Japanese writers and critics as members.

Kōbō Abe
Kimifusa Abe (安部 公房, Abe Kimifusa; March 7, 1924 – January 22, 1993), known by his pen name Kōbō Abe (安部 公房, Abe Kōbō), was a Japanese writer, playwright and director. His 1962 novel The Woman in the Dunes was made into an award-winning film by Hiroshi Teshigahara in 1964. Abe has often been compared to Franz Kafka for his modernist sensibilities and his surreal, often nightmarish explorations of individuals in contemporary society. He died aged 68 of heart failure in Tokyo after a brief illness.
Neospora
Neospora is a single celled parasite of livestock and companion animals. It was not discovered until 1984 in Norway, where it was found in dogs. Neosporosis, the disease that affects cattle and companion animals, has a worldwide distribution. Neosporosis causes abortions in cattle and paralysis in companion animals. It is highly transmissible and some herds can have up to a 90% prevalence. Up to 33% of pregnancies can result in aborted fetuses on one dairy farm. In many countries this organism is the main cause of abortion in cattle. Neosporosis is now considered as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Many reliable diagnostic tests are commercially available. Neospora caninum does not appear to be infectious to humans. In dogs, Neospora caninum can cause neurological signs, especially in congenitally infected puppies, where it can form cysts in the central nervous system.

Pregnancy (mammals)
In therian mammals, pregnancy is the period of reproduction during which a female carries one or more live offspring from implantation in the uterus through gestation.  It begins when a fertilized zygote implants in the female's uterus, and ends once it leaves the uterus.