hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fisher kernel
In statistical classification, the Fisher kernel, named after Ronald Fisher, is a function that measures the similarity of two objects on the basis of sets of measurements for each object and a statistical model. In a classification procedure, the class for a new object (whose real class is unknown) can be estimated by minimising, across classes, an average of the Fisher kernel distance from the new object to each known member of the given class.

The Fisher kernel was introduced in 1998. It combines the advantages of generative statistical models (like the hidden Markov model) and those of discriminative methods (like support vector machines):

generative models can process data of variable length (adding or removing data is well-supported)

discriminative methods can have flexible criteria and yield better results.

Generative model
Generative models are a class of models frequently used for classification. In machine learning, it typically models the joint distribution of inputs and outputs, such as P(X,Y), or it models how inputs are distributed within each class, such as P(X∣Y) together with a class prior P(Y). Because it describes a full data-generating process, a generative model can be used to draw new samples that resemble the observed data. Generative models are used for density estimation, simulation, and learning with missing or partially labeled data. In classification, they can predict labels by combining P(X∣Y) and P(Y) and applying Bayes’ rule. Generative models are often contrasted with discriminative models, which focus on predicting outputs from inputs directly.

Generative model approaches which uses a joint probability distribution instead, include naive Bayes classifiers, Gaussian mixture models, variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks and others.
60th Japan Record Awards
The 60th Japan Record Awards was held on 30 December 2018. The Tokyo Broadcasting System Television network televised the show live from the New National Theatre Tokyo in Tokyo. This is the last Heisei-era Japan Record Awards.

Nogizaka46
Nogizaka46 (乃木坂46; Nogizaka Forty-six) is a Japanese female idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto, created as the "official rival" of the group AKB48. They are the first group from the Sakamichi Series, which also includes sister groups Sakurazaka46 (formerly Keyakizaka46), Yoshimotozaka46, and Hinatazaka46.

The group's musical catalogue includes forty singles and five compilation albums. Starting with their third single, each of Nogizaka46's single releases has reached the top position on the weekly Oricon chart. The group has also created radio shows, theater productions, television programs, and films, including NogiBingo!, Hatsumori Bemars, Nogizaka Under Construction, Asahinagu, and a series of documentary films about the group.

Nogizaka46 has twice won the Grand Prix at the annual Japan Record Awards, with consecutive wins for "Influencer" in 2017 and "Synchronicity" in 2018. The group has sold nearly 18 million CDs in Japan.
Marro (surname)
Marro is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Antonio Marro (1840–1913), Italian psychiatrist

Baldo Marro, also known as Teodoro Galan Baldomaro (1949-2017), an actor, screenwriter, film director and producer in the Philippines

Guillermo Marro (born 1983), Argentine Paralympic swimmer

Joseph R. Marro (1907–1989), an American lawyer and politician from New York

Marius Marro (born 1955), Swiss equestrian

Natacha Marro, a French maker of shoes and boots

Rudolf Marro (born 1953), a Swiss wrestler

Stephen Marro, an American film director, writer, producer based in New York

Torr Marro, a retired lacrosse midfielder

Xander Marro (born 1975), an American artist, underground puppet maker, and arts non-profit director

Natacha Marro
Natacha Marro is a maker of shoes and boots.

Natacha grew up in Nice, France before moving to London, England to study at Cordwainers College. After serving a traditional apprenticeship, she opened her first shop in South London in 2000 before entering into a successful partnership in House of Harlot with fellow designer Robin Archer.

Her client list includes David Bowie, Star Wars, Luella, Gwen Stefani, Olivia Newton-John, Goldfrapp and Grayson Perry. Her work has been profiled in newspapers such as The Independent and The Observer.
Anas Al-Awadat
Anas Ahmad Mahmoud Hammad Al-Awadat (Arabic: أَنَس أَحْمَد مَحْمُود حَمَّاد الْعَوَضَات; born 29 May 1998) is a Jordanian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Jordanian Pro League club Al-Wehdat and the Jordan national team.

Jordan FA Cup
The Jordan FA Cup (Arabic: كأس الأردن), also known as the Jordan Cup – CFI (Arabic: كأس الأردن CFI) for sponsorship reasons, is Jordan's premier knockout tournament in men's football (soccer), Al-Faisaly have the record for the most FA Cup wins in their history with a total of 21 titles, followed by Al-Wehdat with 11. Participants in the tournament include representatives of the Jordanian Pro League, the Jordanian First Division League, and the Jordanian Second Division League. The tournament is controlled by the Jordan Football Association.

The winner gains entry to the AFC Champions League Two.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD52
In molecular biology, snoRNA U52 (also known as SNORD52)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U52 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U52 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue U3904. U52 and the C/D box snoRNA U48 are encoded in the introns of the same host gene (C6orf48).

Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons.

Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses, and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below). Introns are rare in Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes).
Rómer Roca
Rómer Roca (born 1 July 1966) is a Bolivian footballer. He played in nine matches for the Bolivia national football team from 1987 to 1989. He was also part of Bolivia's squad for the 1987 Copa América tournament.

1987 Copa América
The 1987 Copa América was the 33rd edition of the Copa América, CONMEBOL's national team competition. It was the first Copa América under the new rotational hosting system. Argentina, as the first country alphabetically, hosted the tournament between 27 June and 12 July. Uruguay successfully defended their title, winning a record 13th Copa América.
Selati Game Reserve
The Selati Game Reserve is protected wildlife area situated between the towns of Gravelotte and Phalaborwa, in the Limpopo province of South Africa, the reserve has an area of about 30,000 ha.

The most endangered Lillie cycad, listed under CITES Appendix I, occurs in its hills, and an application for strip mining is seen as a threat.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Streak-backed oriole
The streak-backed oriole (Icterus pustulatus) is a medium-sized species of passerine bird from the icterid family (the same family as many blackbirds, meadowlarks, cowbirds, grackles, and others, including the New World orioles). It is native to Central America and Mexico and is an occasional visitor to the United States.

Meadowlark
Meadowlarks are grassland birds belonging to genera Sturnella and Leistes.

This group includes seven species of largely insectivorous grassland birds. In all species the male at least has a black or brown back and extensively red or yellow underparts.
Newton upon Derwent
Newton upon Derwent or Newton on Derwent is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 5 miles (8 km) west of Pocklington and 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the A1079 at Wilberfoss. It lies 1 mile east of the River Derwent after which the village takes its name. According to the 2011 UK census, Newton on Derwent parish had a population of 315, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 282.

A1079 road
The A1079 is a major road in Northern England. It links the cities of York and Kingston upon Hull, both in Yorkshire. The road is noted for its past safety issues, and regularly features in the Road Safety Foundations reports on Britain's most dangerous roads. Campaigners have been calling for the entire route to be made into a dual carriageway.
Bathymunida eurybregma
Bathymunida eurybregma is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. The name is from the Greek eurys, meaning "broad", and bregma, meaning "front of the head", in reference to its broad rostrum. The males usually measure between 3.1 and 4.9 millimetres (0.12 and 0.19 in). It is found off of the Chesterfield Islands and Loyalty Islands, at depths between about 270 and 380 metres (890 and 1,250 ft).

Chesterfield Islands
The Chesterfield Islands (îles Chesterfield in French) are a French archipelago of New Caledonia located in the Coral Sea, 550 km (300 nmi) northwest of Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. The archipelago is 120 km long and 70 km broad, made up of 11 uninhabited islets and many reefs. The land area of the islands is less than 10 km2.

During periods of lowered sea level during the Pleistocene ice ages, an island of considerable size (Greater Chesterfield Island) occupied the location of the archipelago.

Bellona Reef, 164 km south-southeast of Chesterfield, is geologically separated from the Chesterfield archipelago but commonly included.
Pisquioc
Pisquioc (possibly from Aymara p'isqi white quinoa, Quechua p'isqi a stew or purée of quinoa, -yuq a suffix, "the one with white quinoa")  is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District, south of Aquichua.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Hamlet Watling
Hamlet Watling (born Kelsale, Suffolk, 1818, died Ipswich, 2 April 1908) was a Suffolk-born antiquary, who worked as a schoolmaster. He spent much of his life to recording clerical and other antiquities in his native county. His prolific records and illustrations contain much unique information, though mostly unpublished. Many are held in public and private collections. He conducted excavations, contributed to learned societies, and wrote lengthy weekly columns in the regional press over some 40 years from about 1868 until his death.

Kelsale
Kelsale is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Kelsale cum Carlton, in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is located approximately 1 mile north of Saxmundham town centre at the junction of the B1121 and the A12. In 1881 the civil parish had a population of 973.
Roger Duffy (Australian rules footballer)
Roger Duffy (26 September 1931 – 9 July 2003) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1950s.

Duffy was originally from Newtown and as a full-forward topped the club's goalkicking with 78 goals in 1950 and 96 the next year. He was then recruited to Footscray and made his debut in 1952, his tally of 20 goals more than any of his teammate for the year.

He was one of the better players in the 1954 Grand Final with 16 kicks from the half forward flank.

1954 VFL grand final
The 1954 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Footscray Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 25 September 1954. It was the 57th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1954 VFL season.
James I. Moyer Sports Complex
James I. Moyer Sports Complex is a sports facility located in Salem, Virginia. The complex consists of four softball fields and is home to the Roanoke College and Salem High School softball teams.

The complex is named for James Irvine Moyer, who served as the mayor of Salem from 1948 to 1964.

The complex has hosted both the NCAA Division II and Division III softball tournaments.

NCAA Division II softball tournament
The NCAA Division II softball tournament is the annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of women's college softball among Division II members in the United States and Canada. The final rounds of the tournament are also referred to as the NCAA Division II Women's College World Series. The tournament has been held annually since 1982.

Cal State Northridge have been the most successful team in the history of the tournament, with four national titles. Of the active Division II members, there are six teams with two titles each.

Texas–Tyler are the two-time reigning national champions, winning their second national title in 2025.
Tzeni Vanou
Tzeni Vanou (Greek: Τζένη Βάνου, born Eugenia Vrachnou; 10 February 1939 – 5 February 2014) was a Greek singer, born in Athens.

She had planned on studying physics, but she met her mentor, Greek composer Mimis Plessas, who persuaded her to become a singer. She began her career in 1959 performing with the ERT orchestra. In 1964, she won first prize in the Thessaloniki Song Festival.

At age 74, she died at a Piraeus hospital in 2014 from cancer. During her last few months, she had undergone surgery to remove a tumor in her larynx.

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
1937 Monaco Grand Prix
43°44′4.74″N 7°25′16.8″E﻿ / ﻿43.7346500°N 7.421333°E﻿ / 43.7346500; 7.421333

The 1937 Monaco Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Circuit de Monaco on 8 August 1937. The 100 lap event was won by Manfred von Brauchitsch.

Just after the start of the race

Rudolf Caracciola

Caracciola

Manfred von Brauchitsch, the winner

Manfred von Brauchitsch
Manfred Georg Rudolf von Brauchitsch (15 August 1905 – 5 February 2003) was a German auto racing driver who drove for Mercedes-Benz in the famous "Silver Arrows" of Grand Prix motor racing in the 1930s.
Miguel Torres Chile
Miguel Torres Chile is a Chilean winery that was founded in Curicó, in 1979, by the Spanish family company Miguel Torres. In its 230 hectares (570 acres), the Viña Santa Digna vineyard cultivates the varieties Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, Gewürztraminer and Chardonnay (for their white wines) and Cabernet sauvignon (for their red and rosé wines). To a lesser extent they also cultivate Pinot noir, which contributes to the cuvee of a brut sparkling wine.

Gewürztraminer
Gewürztraminer (German: [ɡəˈvʏʁtstʁaˌmiːnɐ] ⓘ) is an aromatic wine grape variety, used in white wines, and which performs best in cooler climates. In English, it is sometimes referred to colloquially as Gewürz (/ɡəˈvʊərts, ɡəˈvɜːrts/ gə-VOORTS, gə-VURTS; although this is never the case in German, because Gewürz means 'herb' or 'spice'). In English and French it is usually written Gewurztraminer (without the umlaut). Gewürztraminer is a variety with a pink to red skin colour, which makes it a "white wine grape" as opposed to the blue to black-skinned varieties commonly referred to as "red wine grapes". The variety has high natural sugar and the wines are white and usually off-dry, with a flamboyant bouquet of lychees. Indeed, Gewürztraminer and lychees share the same aroma compounds. Dry Gewürztraminers may also have aromas of roses, passion fruit and floral notes. It is not uncommon to notice some spritz (fine bubbles on the inside of the glass).
Oedogonium
Oedogonium is a genus of filamentous, free-living green algae. It was first discovered in the fresh waters of Poland in 1860 by W. Hilse, and later given its name by German scientist K. E. Hirn.

The morphology of Oedogonium is unique, with an interior and exterior that function differently from one another and change throughout its life cycle. These algae reside in freshwater ecosystems in both hemispheres and are both benthic and planktonic in nature. They form algal patches on the water's surface and so interact closely with a multitude of other algae. These filamentous cells' life cycles include both sexual and asexual reproduction, depending on the life cycle stage.

Although quite common, Oedogonium is difficult to identify since key definitive markers are only present during reproduction, which is an uncommon life stage among this genus. Oedogonium has been found to be important in the fixation of heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems.

Karl Engelbrecht Hirn
Karl Hirn (1872–1907) was a Finnish botanist, specialized in freshwater algae. He was also a high school teacher.

The standard author abbreviation Hirn is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Kolding Gymnasium
Kolding Gymnasium is a Danish senior secondary school (gymnasium) which offers STX (known in Danish as Almen studentereksamen). the Higher Preparatory Examination (known in Danish as the Højere Forberedelseseksamen or HF) and the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.

Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)
The Higher Preparatory Examination (in Danish: Højere Forberedelseseksamen or HF) is a 2-year general upper secondary programme building on to the 10th form of the Folkeskole and leading to the higher preparatory examination (the HF-examination), which qualifies for admission to higher education, subject to the special entrance regulations applying to the individual higher education programmes.
Kissin, Syria
Kissin (Arabic: كيسين, romanized: Kīssīn, also spelled Kisein) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located north of Homs. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kissin had a population of 2,189 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Turkmen Sunni Muslims.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
Koolkhan, New South Wales
Koolkhan  is a locality north of Grafton on the Summerland Way in northern New South Wales, Australia. The North Coast railway passes through, and a now-closed railway station named after Matthew Norman was provided from 1905. Boom barriers were placed at the Copmanhurst road railway level crossing in November 2014. Koolkhan power station was a coal-fired thermal station of about 20 MW that operated from 1952 to 1979. Coal came from the Nymboida mine. The station was located beside the river and used this water for condenser cooling and boiler make-up. It was the largest power station on the North Coast of NSW. It consisted of 3 turbo generators and six water tube boilers.

Summerland Way
Summerland Way is a 199–kilometre state route, designated B91, in New South Wales. It runs generally north from Grafton to the state border with Queensland just west of Mount Lindesay, and continues from there into Queensland as Mount Lindesay Highway. It was named as the region in runs through is a popular tourist area for people during summer.

Summerland Way is an alternative route to Pacific Highway. It is sealed for its entire length, although some of the road north of Lions Road turn-off is narrow and winding.
1996 Trophée Lalique
The 1996 Trophée Lalique was the third event of six in the 1996–97 ISU Champions Series, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris on 15–17 November. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1996–97 Champions Series Final. The compulsory dance was the Golden Waltz and the original dance was the Tango.

Accor Arena
Accor Arena (originally known as the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy), also known as Bercy Arena, is an indoor sports arena and concert hall in Paris, France. It lies in the neighbourhood of Bercy, on the Boulevard de Bercy, in the 12th arrondissement of Paris. The closest Paris Métro station is Bercy, which also serves the Finance Ministry.

Designed by the architectural firm Andrault-Parat, Jean Prouvé and Aydin Guvan, the pyramidal arena's sloping walls are covered with a lawn. It can seat 7,000 to 20,300 people, depending on the event.

The arena was renamed Bercy Arena after renovations on 1 January 2015, AccorHotels Arena in October 2015, and given its current name in June 2020.

Since 1985, the arena hosts the annual Festival des Arts Martiaux. The 38th Festival des Arts Martiaux was held in March 2025.