hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JAMA Cardiology
JAMA Cardiology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering cardiology. It was established in 2016 and is published by the American Medical Association. The editor-in-chief is Robert O. Bonow (Feinberg School of Medicine).

Feinberg School of Medicine
The Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, formerly Northwestern University Medical School from 1906 to 2002, is the medical school of Northwestern University and located in the Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1859, Feinberg offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, multiple dual degree programs, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education.

Through clinical affiliates Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago). Feinberg and its clinical affiliates are together an $11 billion academic medical enterprise. The school has about 4,830 faculty members.
West Lafayette, Indiana
West Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 44,595 at the 2020 census. West Lafayette sits across the Wabash River from its sister city, Lafayette, and is a college town, home to Purdue University. It is the most densely populated city in Indiana, located 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 113 miles (182 km) southeast of Chicago.

College town
A college town or university town is a town or city whose character is dominated by a college or university and their associated culture, often characterised by the student population making up 20 percent of the population of the community, but not including communities that are parts of larger urban areas (often termed student quarters). The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the presence of the educational institution(s) pervades economic and social life. Many local residents may be employed by the university—which may be the largest employer in the community—many businesses cater primarily to the university, and the student population may outnumber the local population.
137th Special Operations Wing
The 137th Special Operations Wing is a unit of the Oklahoma Air National Guard located at Will Rogers Air National Guard Base, Oklahoma. If activated to federal service, the wing is gained by Air Force Special Operations Command. During World War II, its predecessor, the 404th Fighter Group, flying Republic P-47 Thunderbolts, provided close air support to troops following the Operation Overlord, the Normandy landing until the close of the war.  The wing is entitled to the honors won by the group by temporary bestowal.

The wing was activated during the Korean War and deployed to France. The unit later engaged in strategic and tactical airlift, and air refueling before being redesignated as a special operations wing.

Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 and headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. It was inactivated on 1 June 1992 and its personnel and equipment absorbed by Air Combat Command (ACC).

Tactical Air Command was established to provide a balance between strategic, air defense, and tactical forces of the post–World War II U.S. Army Air Forces followed by, in 1947, the U.S. Air Force. In 1948, the Continental Air Command assumed control over air defense, tactical air, and air reserve forces. After two years in a subordinate role, Tactical Air Command (TAC) was established as a major command.

In 1992, after assessing the mission of TAC and to accommodate a decision made regarding Strategic Air Command (SAC), Headquarters United States Air Force deactivated TAC and incorporated its resources into the newly created ACC.
Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China
The Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China (Chinese: 中国文物古迹保护准则; pinyin: Zhōngguó wénwù gǔjī bǎohù zhǔnzé) is a conservation charter promulgated in 2000 by China ICOMOS with the approval of National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA Chinese: 国家文物局; pinyin: Guójiā wénwù jú). It provides a methodological approach to the conservation of cultural heritage sites in China.

National Cultural Heritage Administration
The National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA; 国家文物局) is a national bureau managed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China. It is responsible for the national protection of cultural relics and the regulation of museums.
Pingasa chlora
Pingasa chlora, the white looper moth or flower-eating caterpillar, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Caspar Stoll in 1782. It is found in Sundaland, the Philippines, Sulawesi and from the Moluccas to Queensland, Australia.

Larvae have been reared on leaves of Euroschinus and from Flindersia species. It is considered a pest on Nephelium lappaceum and Litchi chinensis in Australia. Other recorded food plants include Euroschinus falcata, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Flindersia schottiana.

Rambutan
Rambutan (/ræmˈbuːtən/ ram-BOO-tən; Indonesian pronunciation: [rambutan];Nephelium lappaceum) is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other edible tropical fruits, including the lychee, longan, pulasan, and quenepa.
Orsellinaldehyde
Orsellinaldehyde is a dihydroxybenzaldehyde with a methyl side group. It can be classified as a resorcinol, benzaldehyde or toluene derivative. It is a natural product of several fungi. Fungi that contain it include Grifola frondosa, Aspergillus cleistominutus, Aspergillus nidulans, and Agrocybe praecox.

Aspergillus cleistominutus
Aspergillus cleistominutus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. It has been reported to produce arugosin A, arugosin B, arugosin C, asperthecin, aspertetronin A, aspertetronin B, echinocandin B, echinocandin C, echinocandin D, epishamixanthone, shamixanthone, orsellinaldehyde, penicillin G, ruguloxanthone, and sterigmatocystin. It has been isolated from soil in New Jersey, United States.
John LaFarge Jr.
John LaFarge Jr. SJ (February 13, 1880 – November 24, 1963) was an American Jesuit Catholic priest known for his activism against racism and anti-semitism. Involved in the heyday (and eventual breakup) of Thomas Wyatt Turner's Federated Colored Catholics, LaFarge founded an offshoot, the Catholic Interracial Council in New York City. Branches also grew in Philadelphia and Chicago. In the run-up to World War II, he worked on a draft of a papal encyclical against racist and totalitarian ideologies for Pope Pius XI; entitled Humani generis unitas, though it was never promulgated due to the death of Pius XI on February 10, 1939.

Catholic Association for International Peace
The Catholic Association for International Peace was founded in 1927 by John A. Ryan.
  It based its opposition to war on the traditional just war doctrine.

It joined other religious organizations in urging a halt to the bombing of North and South Vietnam.
Emperor (ship)
Several merchant ships have been named Emperor, or a variation of Emperor.

Emperor (1853 ship) (originally named Leopard), Canadian (later U.S.) schooner, U.S. Official No. 8500. Wrecked on Lake Ontario, near Oswego, New York, in November 1870.

Emperor, British  steam sloop. Wrecked at Fécamp, Pas-de-Calais, France on 9 October 1857.

SS Emperor, Canadian steamer, bulk freighter, Official No. 126654. Wrecked on Isle Royale in Lake Superior on 4 June 1947.

Steam frigate
Steam frigates (including screw frigates) and the smaller steam corvettes, steam sloops, steam gunboats and steam schooners were steam-powered warships that were not meant to stand in the line of battle. The first such ships were paddle steamers. Later on the invention of screw propulsion enabled construction of screw-powered versions of the traditional frigates, corvettes, sloops and gunboats.
Konstantin Krasavin
Lieutenant Colonel Konstantin Alekseyevich Krasavin (Russian: Константин Алексеевич Красавин) (20 May 1917 – 18 January 1988) was a Russian flying ace and fighter pilot of the Great Patriotic War, during which he flew for the Soviet air forces.  He is credited with 376 sorties, 106 dogfights and 21 kills between 1941 and 1945 on the Eastern Front, piloting the Yakovlev Yak-3, the Lavochkin La-5, the Yakovlev Yak-7 and the Hawker Hurricane during which time he held the rank of Major. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union along with the Order of Lenin for military valour in 1946 by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, retiring from military service in 1955. His citation for his Gold Star medal read that "wherever Comrade Krasavin is with his group of fighters, there is victory over the enemy".

1st Baltic Front
The First Baltic Front (Russian: Пéрвый Прибалтийский фронт) was a major formation of the Red Army during the Second World War. It was commanded by Army General Andrey Yeryomenko, succeeded by Army General Bagramyan. It was formed by renaming the Kalinin Front on 12 October 1943, and took part in several important military operations, most notably Bagration in the summer of 1944. The 1st Baltic Front also assisted in lifting the siege of Leningrad on 27 January 1944, as well as in Operation Samland, at that time known as the Samland Group, captured Königsberg in April 1945.
Ellipse Animation
Ellipse Animation is a French entertainment group and animation production studio that is a subsidiary of media publishing and entertainment conglomerate Média-Participations whom brings together all of their animation production activities under one group and owns three animation production units (Dargaud Media, Dupuis Edition & Audiovisuel and Ellipsanime Productions) alongside their own in-house animation production studio Ellipse Studio based in both Paris and Angoulême. Across all their production labels, Ellipse Animation produced more than 1,982 animated series and films.

Dargaud
Société Dargaud (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete daʁɡo]), doing business as Les Éditions Dargaud, is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics series, headquartered in the 18th arrondissement of Paris. It was founded in 1936 by Georges Dargaud, publishing its first comics in 1943.
Susan Ryan
Susan Maree Ryan (10 October 1942 – 27 September 2020) was an Australian politician and public servant. She was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and held ministerial office in the Hawke government as Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women (1983–1988), Minister for Education and Youth Affairs (1983–1984), Minister for Education (1984–1987) and Special Minister of State (1987–1988). She was the first woman from the ALP to serve in cabinet and was notably involved in the creation of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 and the Affirmative Action (Equal Opportunities in Employment) Act 1986. Ryan served as a senator for the Australian Capital Territory from 1975 to 1987. After leaving politics she served as the Age Discrimination Commissioner from 2011 to 2016, within the Australian Human Rights Commission.

Women's Electoral Lobby (Australia)
The Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) is a feminist, non-profit, self-funded, non-party political, lobby group founded in 1972 during the height of second-wave feminism in Australia. WEL's mission is to create a society where women's participation and potential are unrestricted, acknowledged and respected and where women and men share equally in society's responsibilities and rewards.

WEL is focused on a range of women's issues.
Camphene
Camphene is a bicyclic organic compound.  It is one of the most pervasive monoterpenes. As with  other terpenes, it is insoluble in water, flammable, colorless, and has a pungent smell.  It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, valerian, and mango.  It is produced industrially by isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene using a solid acid catalyst such as titanium dioxide.

Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring.  These include isobornyl acetate.

Solid acid
Solid acids are acids that are insoluble in the reaction medium. They are often used as heterogeneous catalysts.  Many solid acids are zeolites. A variety of techniques are used to quantify the strength of solid acids.
Helen M. Walker
Helen Mary Walker (December 1, 1891 – January 15, 1983) was a statistician and prominent educational researcher, and the first female president of the American Statistical Association when she was elected in 1944. From 1949 to 1950, she was also president of the American Educational Research Association and served on the Young Women's Christian Association from 1936 to 1950.

She taught at many universities throughout the US and in Japan, Chile, and Mexico. At Columbia University Teachers College, her alma mater, she was a lecturer in statistics beginning in 1925. She rose through professional ranks, and eventually served as Full Professor of Education from 1940 to 1957. Walker was awarded the title of Professor Emerita on her retirement in 1957.

In her honor, Columbia offered the "Helen M. Walker Scholarship Fund in Statistics" in 2012 to students who were pursuing graduate studies and planning to teach statistics.

Educational research
Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics.

Educational researchers generally agree that research should be rigorous and systematic. However, there is less agreement about specific standards, criteria and research procedures. As a result, the value and quality of educational research has been questioned.  Educational researchers may draw upon a variety of disciplines including psychology, economics, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. Methods may be drawn from a range of disciplines. Conclusions drawn from an individual research study may be limited by the characteristics of the participants who were studied and the conditions under which the study was conducted.
Centre for Internet and Society (India)
The Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) is an Indian non-profit multidisciplinary research organization, based in Bengaluru. CIS works on digital pluralism, public accountability and pedagogic practices, in the field of the Internet and Society.

CIS was founded in 2008 by Sunil Abraham, based on an idea by Lawrence Liang, with initial funding by Anurag Dikshit who by 2014 remained among the centre's financial backers, alongside Rohini Nilekani. In 2020, Amber Sinha succeeded Abraham as executive director. During its first half decade, major work areas of CIS included contributing to the Indian government's efforts to standardize e-governance, as well as the country's privacy laws and telecom policy, and efforts to improve internet access in rural areas.

Rohini Nilekani
Rohini Nilekani (born 1960) is an Indian writer, author and philanthropist. She is the founder of Arghyam Foundation, a non-profit that focuses on water and sanitation issues, founded in 2001. She also chairs the Akshara Foundation, which focuses on elementary education. Nilekani serves as the co-founder and director of non-profit education platform, EkStep. She is chairperson of Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies.
Sunset Acres, Alberta
Sunset Acres is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada within the Lethbridge County recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada. It is located on the west side of Range Road 224, 1.6 km (1.0 mi) west of Lethbridge city limits and 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Highway 3.

Lethbridge County
Lethbridge County is a municipal district in southern Alberta, Canada. It is in Census Division No. 2 and part of the Lethbridge census agglomeration. It was known as the County of Lethbridge prior to December 4, 2013. Its name was changed in time for 2014 to coincide with its 50th anniversary.
German submarine U-190
German submarine U-190 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.

Her keel was laid down on 7 October 1941 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen. She was launched on 8 June 1942 and commissioned on 24 September 1942 with Kapitänleutnant Max Wintermeyer in command.

She carried out a total of six war patrols during which she sank two ships. On 6 July 1944 Wintermeyer was relieved by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Erwin Reith who commanded the boat for the rest of her career in the Kriegsmarine.

After VE Day, she was surrendered to the Royal Canadian Navy, in which she served for two more years as HMCS U-190.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
SAF Volunteer Corps
The Singapore Armed Forces Volunteer Corps (SAFVC) is a uniformed volunteer auxiliary branch of the Singapore Armed Forces. It was established on 13 October 2014 to allow first generation permanent residents and naturalised citizens, all of whom would otherwise not be subject to an obligation to serve national service, to contribute their part towards Singapore's defence. It also aims to strengthen support for national service by understanding the duties of national servicemen.

It is distinct from SAF Volunteers or the ROVERS (Reservist On Voluntary Extended Reserve Service) schemes that consist of former NSmen or regulars who continue to serve beyond the statutory age.

The SAFVC Headquarters is based at Maju Camp in Clementi, where all basic volunteer training are also conducted.

Dalforce
Dalforce, officially the Singapore Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army (星華義勇軍; Xīnghuá yìyǒngjūn) was an irregular forces/guerrilla unit within the British Straits Settlements Volunteer Force during World War II. Its members were recruited among the ethnic Chinese people of Singapore. It was created on 25 December 1941 by Lieutenant Colonel John Dalley of the Federated Malay States Police Force. The unit was known to the British colonial administration as Dalforce, after its chief instructor and commanding officer, John Dalley, whereas the Chinese in Singapore only knew it as the Singapore Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army. This formation took part in the Battle of Singapore and some members conducted a guerrilla campaign against Japanese forces during the Japanese occupation. The British noted how ferociously the Chinese volunteers in Dalforce fought, earning them the nickname Dalley's Desperadoes.
William Street retaining wall
William Street retaining wall is a heritage-listed embankment at William Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1889 to 1970s. It is also known as William Street & Queens Wharf Road retaining walls and North Quay porphry wall. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Embankment (earthworks)
An embankment is a raised wall, bank or mound made of earth or stones, that are used to hold back water or carry a roadway.  A road, railway line, or canal is normally raised onto an embankment made of compacted soil (typically clay or rock-based) to avoid a change in level required by the terrain, the alternatives being either to have an unacceptable change in level or detour to follow a contour. A cutting is used for the same purpose where the land is originally higher than required.
Black Jester
Black Jester (1911–1928) was a British Thoroughbred  racehorse and sire, best known for winning the Classic St Leger Stakes in 1914. The colt won nine times from twenty-three races in a track career which lasted from 1913 until October 1915. Black Jester was one of the leading two-year-olds of 1913 when he won both Molecomb Stakes and the Richmond Stakes at Goodwood. As a three-year-old he finished third in the 2000 Guineas and was unplaced in The Derby before winning the Sussex Stakes at Goodwood and the St Leger at Doncaster in September. In 1915 he won the City and Suburban Handicap and the June Stakes, a wartime substitute for the Coronation Cup. He became increasingly difficult to train and at the end of the season he was retired to stud where he became a successful sire of broodmares.

Richmond Stakes
The Richmond Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
1941 NCAA golf championship
The 1941 NCAA Golf Championship was the third annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States. The tournament was held at the Ohio State University Golf Club in Columbus, Ohio.

Stanford won  the team championship, the second title for the Indians. Earl Stewart from LSU captured the individual title.

Earl Stewart
Earl Richard Stewart Jr. (October 15, 1921 – July 11, 1990) was an American professional golfer. He played on the PGA Tour in the 1950s and 1960s and was a college head golf coach in the 1970s and 1980s.
Cordner
Cordner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Cordner (1890–1915), Australian rules footballer

Boyd Cordner (born 1992), Australian professional rugby league player

Christopher Cordner (born 1949), Australian philosopher

Denis Cordner (1924–1990), Australian rules football player

Don Cordner (1922–2009), Australian rules footballer

Douglas Cordner (1887–1946), Irish cricketer

Edward Cordner (1887–1963), Australian rules footballer

Harry Cordner (1885–1943), Australian rules footballer

Jock Cordner (1910–1996), Australian rules footballer

John Cordner (politician) (1816–1894), first Unitarian minister in Canada

John Cordner (sportsman) (1929–2016), Australian sportsman

Laurence Cordner (1911–1992), Australian sportsman

Michael Cordner, academic, author and specialist in theatre and drama

Robert Cordner (born 1932), Canadian sprint canoeist

Ted Cordner (1919–1996), Australian rules footballer

Alan Cordner
Joseph Alan Cordner (6 May 1890 – 25 April 1915) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club and Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

He was killed at Cape Helles in Ottoman Turkey during the initial invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula by the forces of the First AIF (Australian Imperial Force) on 25 April 1915.
Juho Paksujalka
Juho Paksujalka (29 April 1883, Hiitola - 13 September 1951, Anjala) was a Finnish farmer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1933 to 1936 and again from 1939 to 1948, representing the Agrarian League.

Anjala
Anjala was a town in Southern Finland, which merged in 1975 with Sippola to form Anjalankoski, later further merged into Kouvola.

Anjala is remembered historically in connection with the 18th-century event known as the Anjala Conspiracy.

The Regina School, one of the country's first public schools, was located here, as was its library, which was the first in the country. They were founded by Rabbe Gottlieb Wrede with the help of the Christian educational society Pro Fide et Christianismo, of which he was a member.