hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WS-Reliability
WS-Reliability was a SOAP-based OASIS specification that fulfills reliable messaging requirements critical to some applications of Web Services. WS-Reliability was superseded by WS-ReliableMessaging.

SOAP over HTTP is not sufficient when an application-level messaging protocol must also guarantee some level of reliability and security. This specification defines reliability in the context of current Web Services standards. This specification has been designed for use in combination with other complementary protocols and builds on previous experiences (e.g., ebXML Message Service).

EbXML
Electronic Business using eXtensible Markup Language, commonly known as e-business XML, or ebXML (pronounced ee-bee-ex-em-el) as it is typically referred to, is a family of XML based standards sponsored by OASIS and UN/CEFACT whose mission is to provide an open, XML-based infrastructure that enables the global use of electronic business information in an interoperable, secure, and consistent manner by all trading partners.

The ebXML architecture is a unique set of concepts; part theoretical and part implemented in the existing ebXML standards work.

The ebXML work stemmed from earlier work on ooEDI (object oriented EDI), UML / UMM, XML markup technologies and the X12 EDI "Future Vision" work sponsored by ANSI X12 EDI.

The melding of these components began in the original ebXML work and the theoretical discussion continues today.  Other work relates, such as the Object Management Group work and the OASIS BCM (Business-Centric Methodology) standard (2006).
Matthijs Dulken
Matthijs, Matthias or Matheus van Dulcken (died 1634 in Winterswijk) was mayor of Roermond in 1610, 1616 and 1629. In 1627 he was the Spanish governor of Grol (Groenlo), and Licensor of Upper Guelders. He commanded Groenlo during the 1627 siege by Frederick Henry and, though wounded by a musket ball, he survived the battle and on 19 August that year signed the agreement that handed the town over to States troops. After his final year as mayor in 1629 he served for a period as schepen. He married Helwich van Wessum and they had one son, Christophorus, in 1593.

Groenlo
Groenlo (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣrunloː] ⓘ) is a city in the municipality of Oost Gelre, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, on the German border, within a region in the province of Gelderland called the Achterhoek (literally: "back corner"). Groenlo was a municipality until 1 January 2005, when it merged with Lichtenvoorde. Until 19 May 2006 Groenlo was the official name of Oost Gelre. As of 1 January 2006 Groenlo, including its hamlet Zwolle, counted a population of 10,067. Groenlo is known locally and historically as Grolle, Groll or Grol.

Today, Groenlo is known primarily for its beer brewery Grolsch (literal meaning: "from Grol"), which was in business since 1615, but has been closed in 2004 when it moved to Boekelo. Grolsch produces many specialty beers (including beers for each season) and its beer is exported all over the world. Groenlo's military history is less well known today.
Resource Location and Discovery Framing
Resource Location and Discovery (RELOAD) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) signalling protocol for use on the Internet.  A P2P signalling protocol provides its clients with an abstract storage and messaging service between a set of cooperating peers that form the overlay network.  RELOAD is designed to support a peer-to-peer SIP network, but can be utilized by other applications with similar requirements by defining new usages that specify the kinds of data that must be stored for a particular application.  RELOAD defines a security model based on a certificate enrollment service that provides unique identities.  NAT traversal is a fundamental service of the protocol.  RELOAD also allows access from "client" nodes that do not need to route traffic or store data for others.

NAT traversal
Network address translator traversal is a computer networking technique of establishing and maintaining Internet Protocol connections across gateways that implement network address translation (NAT).

NAT traversal techniques are required for many network applications, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and voice over IP.
Carl Harry
Carl David Harry (born October 26, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and for the Las Vegas Posse of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Utah Utes.

Las Vegas Posse
The Las Vegas Posse were a Canadian Football League (CFL) team, that played at the Sam Boyd Silver Bowl in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, in the league's 1994 season as part of the CFL's failed American expansion. Lasting only one season, the Posse were one of the least successful teams in CFL history, both on the field and off.
Fungus of the Year in Latvia
Fungus of the Year in Latvia is an annual nomination of fungal species of the Latvian fungal diversity. The selection of the species is supervised by the Latvian Mycological Society [lv], that conducts the selection of the Lichen of the Year as well.

The official webpage of the Latvian Mycological Society states that: "[the fungus] may earn such honors for various reasons: [for being] particularly rare, new to this country, exceptionally beautiful or strange-looking, highly poisonous or destructive, or, to the contrary, fairly protective." Generally, the fungal and lichen species, and selected species of other categories are being highlighted to the public to promote any kind of awereness towards them or their biotopes. In 2022, two similar species have been seected, instead of a singular pick.

The fungus category has been present since 2003, and the lichen category was added in 2008 and has been announced only thrice since then – last time, after a 15-year break, in 2026.

Biotope
A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. Biotope is almost synonymous with the term habitat, which is more commonly used in English-speaking countries. However, in some countries these two terms are distinguished: the subject of a habitat is a population, the subject of a biotope is a biocoenosis, or "biological community".

It is an English loanword derived from the German Biotop, which in turn came from the Greek bios, meaning 'life', and topos, meaning 'place'. (The related word geotope has made its way into the English language by the same route, from the German Geotop.)
Gromov's theorem
Gromov's theorem may mean one of a number of results of Mikhail Gromov:

One of Gromov's compactness theorems:
Gromov's compactness theorem (geometry) in Riemannian geometry
Gromov's compactness theorem (topology) in symplectic topology

Gromov's Betti number theorem

Gromov–Ruh theorem on almost flat manifolds

Gromov's non-squeezing theorem in symplectic geometry

Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth

Almost flat manifold
In mathematics, a smooth compact manifold M is called almost flat if for any  there is a Riemannian metric  on M such that  and 
 is -flat, i.e. for the sectional curvature of  we have .

Given , there is a positive number  such that if an -dimensional manifold admits an -flat metric with diameter  then it is almost flat. On the other hand, one can fix the bound of sectional curvature and get the diameter going to zero, so the almost-flat manifold is a special case of a collapsing manifold, which is collapsing along all directions.

According to the Gromov–Ruh theorem,  is almost flat if and only if it is infranil. In particular, it is a finite factor of a nilmanifold, which is the total space of a principal torus bundle over a principal torus bundle over a torus.
Juhan Ennulo
Juhan Ennulo (bon Johannes Orik; 3 January 1898 Vana-Võidu Parish (now Viljandi Parish), Kreis Fellin – 27 February 1982 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of I Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 2 March 1923. He replaced Aleksander Tulp. On 12 March 1923, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Peeter Adamson.

Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party
The Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Estonian: Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatiline Tööliste Partei) was a political party in Estonia between 1917 and 1925. The leaders of the party, founded on platforms of patriotism, Estonian independence, and social justice, made a major contribution to the drafting of the first (1920) Constitution of Estonia.
2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations final
The 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations final was the 14th final of the biennial African women's association football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) contested between Morocco and South Africa at Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium in Rabat, Morocco on 23 July 2022.

The first final in the history of the competition to feature neither the 11-time winners and defending champions Nigeria nor 2-time host-nation winners Equatorial Guinea, South Africa claimed its inaugural title at the 6th attempt with a 2–1 win against host nation Morocco. Prior to this final, the men's national teams of Morocco and South Africa already faced each other in a qualification match for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations at the same stadium, which Morocco also won 2–1.

Nigeria women's national football team
The Nigeria women's national football team, nicknamed the Super Falcons, represents Nigeria in international women's football and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). The team is Africa's most successful international women's football team, having won a record ten Women's Africa Cup of Nations titles; their most recent title in 2025, after defeating Morocco in the final. The team is also the only women's national team from the Confederation of African Football to have reached the quarterfinals in both the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

They are also one of the few teams in the world and only African team to have qualified for every edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, with their best performance at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup where they reached the quarterfinals.
Fort Ellsworth
Fort Ellsworth was a timber and earthwork fortification constructed west of Alexandria, Virginia, as part of the defenses of Washington, D.C. during the American Civil War. Built in the weeks following the Union defeat at Bull Run, Fort Ellsworth was situated on a hill north of Hunting Creek, and Cameron Run, (which feeds into it). From its position on one of the highest points west of Alexandria, the fort overlooked the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, the Little River Turnpike, and the southern approaches to the city of Alexandria, the largest settlement in Union-occupied Northern Virginia.

Hunting Creek
Hunting Creek is a cove and tributary stream of the Potomac River between the City of Alexandria and Fairfax County in Virginia. It is formed by Cameron Run flowing from the west. The community of Huntington takes its name from the creek. Jones Point forms the north side.  Dyke Marsh is just to the south. The George Washington Memorial Parkway and Mount Vernon Trail cross it on a bridge.

The creek is sometimes referred to as "Great Hunting Creek", to distinguish it from Little Hunting Creek.

Hunting Creek from the west in 2015
Human Heredity
Human Heredity is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of human genetics. It was established in 1948 as Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica, obtaining its current name in 1969. It is published eight times per year by Karger Publishers and the editor-in-chief is Pak Sham (University of Hong Kong). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 0.542.

Karger Publishers
Karger Publishers, also known as Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers and S. Karger AG, is an academic publisher of scientific and medical journals and books. The current CEO is Daniel Ebneter. Karger Publishers was acquired by Oxford University Press in November 2025.
Bruno Wolke
Bruno Wolke (4 May 1904 - 23 December 1973) was a German professional road bicycle racer. Wolke was born in Neukölln. He is best remembered for his bronze medal in the Elite race of the 1928 Road World Championships.  He died, aged 69, in Rottenburg.

Neukölln (locality)
Neukölln (German: [nɔʏˈkœln] ⓘ), formerly Rixdorf (German: [rˈɪksdɔɾf]), from 1899 to 1920 an independent city, is a large inner-city quarter of Berlin in the homonymous borough of Neukölln, and evolved around the historic village of Rixdorf. With 162,548 inhabitants (2025) the quarter has the second-largest population of Berlin after Prenzlauer Berg. Since the early 13th century, the local settlements, villages and cities down to the present day have always been a popular destination for colonists and immigrants. In modern times, it was originally shaped by the working class and gastarbeiters, but western immigration since the turn of the millennium has led to gentrification and a rejuvenation of the quarter's culture and nightlife.
Mess of Blues (Jeff Healey album)
Mess of Blues  is an album by Jeff Healey. It was released in March 2008, less than two weeks after Healey's death. Four of the album's tracks were recorded live in front of audiences, two of the live tracks at the Islington Academy in London, and the other two live tracks at Jeff Healey's Roadhouse in Toronto. The other six tracks were recorded at Studio 92 in Canada by Norm Barker and Richard Uglow. The whole album features the band which normally accompanied Jeff at his club, Jeff Healey's Roadhouse. The song "Mess of Blues", which appears on the album was written by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman and was originally recorded by Elvis Presley.

O2 Academy Islington
51°32′04″N 0°06′21″W﻿ / ﻿51.5345°N 0.1058°W﻿ / 51.5345; -0.1058

The O2 Academy Islington, formerly known as the Carling Academy Islington, is an indoor music venue situated in the N1 Shopping Centre accessible via Upper Street and Liverpool Road, in the London Borough of Islington. It is run by the Academy Music Group. The main venue has a capacity of 800, and the adjacent O2 Academy 2 holds 250.
Stefan Kolev
Stefan Kolev (Bulgarian: Стефан Колев; born 11 October 1966) is a Bulgarian football manager of Bulgaria U15, former association football defender and only player to win five BulgarianA Group titles with four clubs – Levski Sofia in 1988, CSKA Sofia in 1992, Slavia Sofia in 1996 and Litex Lovech twice, in 1998 and 1999.

FC Lovech
FC Lovech (Bulgarian: ФК Ловеч; formerly Litex Lovech) is a Bulgarian professional football club based in Lovech, that competes in the Third League. The club was founded in 1921 as Hisarya Sports Club.

The club's home ground is the Gradski Stadion, which has a capacity of 8,100 seats, electric floodlights and permission to stage European matches. As one of the successful Bulgarian clubs outside the capital Sofia, Lovech have won the domestic championship four times and the Bulgarian Cup on four occasions. Together with CSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia, Lovech was also one of the football clubs to represent the country regularly in the European Club Association.
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems is a German engineering research institute in Magdeburg, focusing on dynamics. The institute was founded in 1996 and belongs to the Max Planck Society. The founding director was Ernst Dieter Gilles. Currently, the institute has four research department along with several research groups and is housed in a building designed by Henn GmbH.

The institute currently consists of the following four departments:

Bioprocess Engineering (headed by Udo Reichl)

Computational Methods in Systems and Control Theory (headed by Peter Benner)

Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering (headed by Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern)

Process Systems Engineering (headed by Kai Sundmacher)

Max Planck Society
The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes. Founded in 1911 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, it was renamed to the Max Planck Society in 1948 in honor of its former president, theoretical physicist Max Planck. The society is funded by the federal and state governments of Germany.
Brent Wallace
Brent Wallace is an Australian rules football umpire currently officiating in the Australian Football League.

He played for the Box Hill Hawks in the Victorian Football League before joining the player-to-umpire pathway. Before umpiring in the AFL, he umpired in the 2014 VFL Grand Final. He joined the AFL rookie list in 2014, and the senior list in 2015. He made his debut in Round 11 of that year, in a match between St Kilda and Melbourne.

He is the son of former player and coach Terry Wallace.

Box Hill Hawks
The Box Hill Hawks Football Club is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Box Hill, competing in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the VFL Women's (VFLW).

Since 2000, Box Hill has had a reserves affiliation with Australian Football League (AFL) club Hawthorn.
Pectodictyon
Pectodictyon is a genus of green algae in the family Sphaerodictyaceae. It is found free-floating in freshwater habitats as plankton.

Pectodictyon consists of colonies of cells which are tetrahedral or cubic in shape. Each colony has four or eight cells in the corners, covered with mucilage and connected to each other by mucilaginous threads. These colonies may themselves be connected to other colonies to form compound colonies. The cells themselves are spherical or tetrahedral, with parietal chloroplasts with pyrenoids. Asexual reproduction occurs by the formation of autospores, which arrange themselves into the shape of the colony. Sexual reproduction or flagellated life stages have not been observed in this genus.

Two species are known:

Pectodictyon cubicum

Pectodictyon pyramidale

They can be identified by the shape of the shapes of the cells and colonies.

Autospore
Autospores are a type of spores that are produced by algae to enable asexual reproduction and spread. They are non-motile and non-flagellated aplanospores that are generated within a parent cell and have the same shape as the parent cell before their release. Autospores are also known as resting spores. Algae primarily use three different types of spores for asexual reproduction - autospores, zoospores, and aplanospores. Autospores occur in several groups of algae, including Eustigmatophyceae, Dinoflagellates, and green algae. One example of a colonial alga that produces autospores is Dichotomococcus. This alga generates two autospores per reproducing cell, and the autospores escape through a slit in the cell wall and remain attached to the mother cell. Some study on autospores and algae in general include looking into its use for biofuel, animal feed, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals.
Metronome All-Stars
The Metronome All-Stars were a collection of jazz musicians assembled for studio recordings by Metronome Magazine, based on its readers' polls. The studio sessions were held in the years 1939–42, 1946–53, and 1956, and typically consisted of two tracks which allowed each participant a chance to solo for one chorus. Earlier recordings feature more swing style, while the later sessions tend more toward bebop.

Swing music
Swing music is a style of jazz that developed in the United States during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It became nationally popular from the mid-1930s. Swing represents the most famous era of jazz as a genre of entertainment, before the emergence of modern jazz. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. The danceable swing style of big bands and bandleaders such as Fletcher Henderson and Benny Goodman was the dominant form of American popular music from 1935 to 1946, known as the swing era, when people were dancing the Lindy Hop. The verb "to swing" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong groove or drive. Big band leaders of the swing era include Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Jimmie Lunceford, Cab Calloway, Benny Carter, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Earl Hines, Bunny Berigan, Harry James, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw.
Quadrat (patience)
Quadrat ("Square") or Viereck ("Rectangle") is a simple, German patience game, which is played with a French pack of 32 or 52 cards. Zudecken ("Covering") is a very similar patience with slightly altered rules.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
Daniel Giladi
Daniel Giladi (Hebrew: דניאל גלעדי) competed for Israel in swimming, and men's standing volleyball at the 1976 Summer Paralympics, and the 2000 Summer Paralympics, winning four gold medals in 1976.

At the 1976 Summer Paralympics he also competed in para athletics, winning a gold medal in the men's 100 m E event, and para swimming, winning gold medals in the men's 50 m freestyle E and 50 m breaststroke E events.

Para swimming
Para swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities. Para swimmers compete at the Summer Paralympic Games and at other sports competitions throughout the world. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Both men and women compete in para swimming, racing against competitors of their own gender.
Campaign of the Hills
The Campaign of the Hills (Spanish: Campaña de las Cordilleras) was the last campaign of the Paraguayan War, lasting from July 1869 to the end of the war on March 1, 1870. The Paraguayans were completely defeated by the Allies. Brazilian writer Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay took part in the campaign and later wrote about it. At least 5,000 Paraguayans were killed during this campaign.

Treaty of the Triple Alliance
The Treaty of the Triple Alliance allied the Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay against Paraguay. Signed in 1865, after the outbreak of the Paraguayan War, its articles (plus a Protocol) prescribed the allies' actions both during and after the war. An English translation of the text is reproduced in this article.

The war lasted until 1870 and led to the near-annihilation of Paraguay.  After Paraguay's defeat, Brazil and Argentina, who were traditional enemies, hovered on the brink of mutual warfare for six years because of disputes and misunderstandings about the treaty.

According to article XVI Argentina was to receive a 600 km strip of territory in the Chaco north of the Pilcomayo River, nearly up to the Bolivian border.  From the start the Brazilian government set out to frustrate the implementation of this particular stipulation, and eventually succeeded.  Today this territory — the Central Chaco — belongs to Paraguay.