hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Progressive Graphics File
PGF (Progressive Graphics File) is a wavelet-based bitmapped image format that employs lossless and lossy data compression. PGF was created to improve upon and replace the JPEG format. It was developed at the same time as JPEG 2000 but with a focus on speed over compression ratio.

PGF can operate at higher compression ratios without taking more encoding/decoding time and without generating the characteristic "blocky and blurry" artifacts of the original DCT-based JPEG standard. It also allows more sophisticated progressive downloads.

Progressive download
A progressive download is the transfer of digital media files from a server to a client, typically using the HTTP protocol when initiated from a computer. The consumer may begin playback of the media before the download is complete. The key difference between streaming media and progressive download is in how the digital media data is received and stored by the end user device that is accessing the digital media.

A media player that is capable of progressive download playback relies on meta data located in the header of the file to be intact and a local buffer of the digital media file as it is downloaded from a web server. At the point in which a specified amount of data becomes available to the local playback device, the media will begin to play. This specified amount of buffer is embedded into the file by the producer of the content in the encoder settings and is reinforced by additional buffer settings imposed by the media player.
Xi'an Museum
Xi'an Museum (Chinese: 西安博物院; pinyin: Xī'ān Bówùyuàn) is a museum on Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Xi'an Museum had its official opening on 18 May 2007, "National Museum Day", with a total investment of 220 million RMB and a total area of 160,000 square meters. The complex includes three parts: the museum proper, the Tang-era Small Wild Goose Pagoda and Jianfu Temple historic area, and the museum gardens.

In 2012, Xi'an Museum was appraised by the National Cultural Heritage Administration and included in batch two of the national first-grade museums of China.

National Cultural Heritage Administration
The National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA; 国家文物局) is a national bureau managed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China. It is responsible for the national protection of cultural relics and the regulation of museums.
Maurice Bedel
Maurice Bedel (Paris, 30 December 1883 – Thuré (Vienne), 15 October 1954) was a French novelist and essayist.

He was awarded with the prix Goncourt in 1927 for Jérôme 60° latitude nord. He was elected in 1948 as president of the Société des gens de lettres.

Société des gens de lettres
The Société des gens de lettres de France (SGDLF; French: [sɔsjete dɛ ʒɑ̃ də lɛtʁ də fʁɑ̃s]; lit. 'Society of People of Letters of France') is a French writers' association founded in 1838 to defend and promote authors' rights. It provides legal and other support for its members and awards a number of significant prizes to French and francophone writers every year.
Home Farm, Old Dalby
Home Farm is an historic farmhouse in Old Dalby, Leicestershire, England. It was built in 1635 and is a Grade II listed building. Dating to the Georgian period, it was substantially enlarged in 1835, when it became home farm to the nearby Old Hall.

The building stands directly opposite the church of St John the Baptist, a Grade II* listed building.

Farmhouse
A farmhouse is a building that serves as the primary quarters in a rural or agricultural setting. Historically, farmhouses were often combined with space for animals called a housebarn. Other farmhouses may be connected to one or more barns, built to form a courtyard, or with each farm building separate from each other.
Foskett
Foskett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daphne Foskett (1911–1998), English art connoisseur and art writer

Douglas John Foskett, British library and information scientist

Jeff Foskett, guitarist and singer, worked with Brian Wilson and The Beach Boys

Nick Foskett, Vice-Chancellor at Keele University in Staffordshire, England

Reginald Foskett, the fourth Anglican Bishop of Penrith, England in the modern era

Russell Foskett OBE, DFC (1917–1944), Australian flying ace of the Second World War

Library and information scientist
A library and information scientist, also known as a library scholar, is a researcher or academic who specializes in the field of library and information science and often participates in scholarly writing about and related to library and information science. A library and information scientist is neither limited to any one subfield of library and information science nor any one particular type of library. These scientists come from all information-related sectors including library and book history.
Mariano Ramón Sánchez
Mariano Ramón Sánchez (1740–1822) was a Spanish painter.

Born in Valencia, Sánchez first began studies in Art in the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando of Madrid, where he won prizes and was admitted as a supernumerary academic to teach miniaturists in 1781. He was commissioned by King Carlos III to paint over 120 vistas of various ports, arsenals and bays of Spain. King Carlos IV named him pintor de camara (chamber painter) in 1791.

Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV (Spanish: Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Januario Serafín Diego de Borbón y Sajonia; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808.

The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances and his regime constantly sought cash to deal with the exigencies of war. He detested his son and heir Ferdinand, who led the unsuccessful El Escorial Conspiracy and later forced Charles's abdication after the Tumult of Aranjuez in March 1808, along with ousting Charles's widely hated first minister Manuel Godoy. Summoned to Bayonne by Napoleon Bonaparte, who forced Ferdinand VII to abdicate, Charles IV also abdicated, paving the way for Napoleon to place his elder brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne of Spain. The reign of Charles IV turned out to be a major negative turning point in Spanish history.
Olivella lindae
Olivella lindae is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

This is a nomen nudum.

Nomen nudum
In taxonomy, a nomen nudum ('naked name'; plural nomina nuda) is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description. This makes it a "bare" or "naked" name, which cannot be accepted as it stands. A largely equivalent but much less frequently used term is nomen tantum ("name only"). Sometimes, "nomina nuda" is erroneously considered a synonym for the term "unavailable names". However, not all unavailable names are nomina nuda which applies to published names, i.e. any published name that does not fulfill the requirements of Article 12 (if published before 1931) or Article 13 (if published after 1930). Similarly, a species might be published with a partial or incomplete description that is not enough to follow the rules of publication. This will be described as nomen subnudum (abbreviated nom. subnud.) or occasionally as seminudum.
Mohr pipette
A Mohr pipette, also known as a graduated pipette, is a type of pipette used to measure the volume of the liquid dispensed, although not as accurately as a volumetric pipette. These use a series of marked lines (as on a graduated cylinder) to indicate the different volumes. They come in a variety of sizes, and are used much like a burette, in that the volume is found by calculating the difference of the liquid level before and after.

The last graduation mark is some distance from the tip, to avoid errors in measuring the narrower volume of the nozzle.
It was invented by Karl Friedrich Mohr, the father of volumetric analysis.

Karl Friedrich Mohr
Karl Friedrich Mohr (November 4, 1806 – September 28, 1879) was a German chemist famous for his early statement of the principle of the conservation of energy. Ammonium iron(II) sulfate, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O, is named Mohr's salt after him.
Universidad station (Medellín)
Universidad is the seventh station on line A of the Medellín Metro. It is located in the eastern part of Medellín. The station is located in an area of great academic, cultural and scientific importance and a site of great confluence of routes to different parts of the city because its proximity to the University of Antioquia and metropolitan areas such the Botanical Garden of Medellín and Barefoot Park. The station was opened on 30 November 1995 as part of the inaugural section of line A, from Niquía to Poblado.

Barefoot Park
Barefoot Park (Spanish: Parque de los Pies Descalzos) is a zen-inspired public park in Medellín, Colombia. The park was funded by EPM and designed by architect Felipe Uribe de Bedout. The park includes a green area with gardens and bamboo, a sand area, and an area with water fountains. As suggested by its name, the park is playful in nature. Children and adults are encouraged to play in the park barefoot.

The Barefoot Park was created between 1998 and 2000. It is located in the administrative area of the city, adjacent to the Medellín Metropolitan Theatre, and the Medellín River. The Interactive Museum EPM, an interactive science museum, is part of the park.
Pavel Dochev
Pavel Dochev (Bulgarian: Павел Дочев) (born 28 September 1965) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player. He is the head coach of 3. Liga club SSV Ulm 1846. A defender, since his retirement from professional football in 2002 Dochev has managed several teams, mostly in Germany.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
Henry of Niemodlin
Henry of Niemodlin (Polish: Henryk Niemodliński; after 1345 – 14 September 1382), was a Duke of Niemodlin starting in 1365 until his death (with his brothers as co-rulers until 1369).

He was the third and youngest son of Bolesław the Elder, Duke of Niemodlin, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Henry VI the Good, Duke of Wrocław.

Henry VI the Good
Henry VI the Good (German: Heinrich der Gute; Polish: Henryk VI Dobry or Wrocławski; 18 March 1294 – 24 November 1335) was Duke of Wrocław from 1296, with his brothers as co-rulers until 1311. He was the second son of Henry V the Fat, Duke of Legnica and Wrocław, by his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Bolesław the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland.
Krongo Nuba people
The Krongo Nuba are a sub-ethnic group of the Nuba peoples in the Nuba Mountains of South Kordofan state, in southern Sudan.  They number several 60,000 persons. This minority is Muslim.

They live in the Krongo Hills of the Nuba Mountains.

Language

They speak the Krongo language, a Nilo-Saharan language.

South Kordofan
South Kordofan (Arabic: جنوب كردفان Ǧanūb Kurdufān) is one of the 18 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 158,355 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,107,623 people (2018 est). Kaduqli is the capital of the state. It is centered on the Nuba Mountains. At one time it was supposed that South Kordofan was the only state in (North) Sudan suitable for producing oil, but oil has also been discovered in neighboring White Nile State in larger quantities.

Under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, residents of South Kordofan were to hold popular consultations in 2011 to determine the constitutional future of the state. However, South Kordofan governor Ahmed Haroun suspended the process, and violence followed. Haroun had previously been charged with war crimes against civilians and crime against humanity by the International Criminal Court.
Transport in Esplugues de Llobregat
Public transport in Esplugues de Llobregat (Catalonia, Spain) has been improved in recent years with the introduction of tram lines for the surrounding region in 2004, which provided better interconnection between municipalities and the capital Barcelona. This locality belonging to the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and located in the comarca of Baix Llobregat (formerly in Barcelonès until 1990) is a wealthy suburb of the neighbouring Barcelona.

Barcelonès
Barcelonès (Catalan pronunciation: [bəɾsəluˈnɛs]) is the most populated comarca of Catalonia, Spain. It contains Barcelona, which is the capital of Catalonia and of the comarca itself, and four adjacent inner suburbs.

Notwithstanding, the comarca does not have a governing comarcal council; it was dissolved in 2019. Its functions had been and are superseded by the Metropolitan Council of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (AMB), which include representatives from municipalities further outside the comarca itself. All combined, Barcelonès municipalities send 39 councilors out of the Metropolitan Council's 90, making up more than 43% of the council voting power.
2025 Taiwanese recall votes
The 2025 Taiwanese recall votes refer to recall votes in Taiwan against 31 members of Legislative Yuan, one mayor, and one local councillor held in July and August 2025, predominately against politicians from the opposition Kuomintang (KMT) as a result of the massive petition known as the "Great Recall". The vote was framed by recall advocates as a push against the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China.

Under Taiwan's Public Officials Election and Recall Act, the recall vote would only pass if more than one-quarter of all eligible voters in the constituency cast favourable votes; when a recall is not passed, the same person cannot be recalled for the remainder of the term in office.

All attempts to recall members of the opposition KMT failed. Both the main wave of recall votes on 26 July and the second on 23 August were unsuccessful, with a majority of voters rejecting to recall them in each case.

Cheng Cheng-chien
Cheng Cheng-chien (Chinese: 鄭正鈐; pinyin: Zhèng Zhèngqián; born 31 May 1969) is a Taiwanese politician. He was a member of the Hsinchu City Council from 2002 to 2020, when he was elected to the Legislative Yuan.
Dominique Cabrera
Dominique Cabrera (born 21 December 1957) is a French film director. She has taught filmmaking at La Fémis and at Harvard University. Her film Nadia et les hippopotames was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. Additionally, her work has screened in the Berlinale, the Toronto International Film Festival, the Vienna International Film Festival, the Locarno Film Festival, the Rotterdam Film Festival, and in the New York Film Festival, among others.

1999 Cannes Film Festival
The 52nd Cannes Film Festival took place from 12 to 23 May 1999. Canadian filmmaker David Cronenberg served as jury president for the main competition. Kristin Scott Thomas was the host for the opening and closing ceremonies.

Belgian filmmakers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Rosetta.

The festival opened with The Barber of Siberia by Nikita Mikhalkov, and closed with An Ideal Husband by Oliver Parker.
Times Record & Roane County Reporter
The Times Record & Roane County Reporter is a newspaper serving Spencer, West Virginia, and surrounding Roane County. The two printed titles—the Reporter and Times Record - are the same paper under two different mastheads, with only the editorial page differing. They share the same website. Published weekly. It is owned by Spencer Newspapers, Inc.

Masthead (American publishing)
In American usage, a publication's masthead is a printed list, published in a fixed position in each edition, of its owners, departments, officers, contributors and address details, which in British English usage is known as imprint. Flannel panel is a humorous term for a magazine masthead panel.

In the UK and many other Commonwealth nations, "the masthead" is a publication's designed title as it appears on the front page: what, in American English, is known as the nameplate or "flag".
Arturo de la Rosa Escalante
Arturo de la Rosa Escalante (born 4 May 1971) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PAN. He currently serves as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Baja California Sur. He subsequently served as municipal president of Los Cabos. He is the son of Jerónimo de la Rosa Gómez.

A native of Ciudad Constitución, de la Rosa attended secondary school in La Paz and a preparatoria in Toluca before earning his law degree from the Universidad Internacional de La Paz.

Municipal president
A municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) is the chief of government of municipalities in Mexico. This title was also used in the Philippines during the Spanish and American colonial periods; it is comparable to a mayor of the town or city. The position is comparable to the county executive of a county in the United States or to the mayor of a city in the United States, although the jurisdiction of a presidente municipal includes not only a city but the municipality surrounding it.  Nationally, this position is also equivalent to that of Head of Government of the Federal District and that is why these positions are sometimes referred to as "mayors" in English-language publications.
Miriam MacMillan
Miriam Norton Look MacMillan (née Look; June 13, 1905 – August 18, 1987) was an American sailor, writer, lecturer, photographer, and explorer.

From 1937 onward she was a chief photographer in nine Arctic expeditions on the Bowdoin schooner to Labrador, Baffin Island, and West Greenland within 660 miles of the North Pole.

In 1948 she detailed her 1937–1939 expeditions in her adventure memoirs, Green Seas and White Ice.

Throughout her expeditions, MacMillan created thousands of photographs, audio recordings of Inuktitut songs, and films of Umiak sailors. She later organized these and Inuit art to curate the Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
HMS Nereus (1821)
HMS Nereus was a 46-gun modified Leda-class fifth-rate frigate built for the Royal Navy during the 1810s. She was never commissioned and was converted into a store ship in 1843 for service in South America. The ship was sold for into civilian service in 1879.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
GWR diesel shunters
The Great Western Railway purchased two diesel shunters, and ordered a further seven immediately prior to Nationalisation, which were delivered to British Rail in 1948–49. The two shunters used by the GWR were numbered 1 and 2, while a series commencing at 501 was planned for the new locomotives ordered in the 1940s. British Rail renumbered both its inherited and new locomotives in a series commencing from 15100.

Transport Act 1947
The Transport Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 49) was an act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Under the terms of the Act, the railway network, long-distance road haulage and various other types of transport were nationalised and came under the administration of the British Transport Commission. The BTC was responsible to the Ministry of Transport for general transport policy, which it exercised principally through financial control of a number of executives set up to manage specified sections of the industry under schemes of delegation.
Deming Armory
The Deming Armory (formerly known as the State Armory, now also known as the Deming Luna Mimbres Museum) is a historic armory in the United States, located at 301 South Silver Avenue in Deming, Luna County, New Mexico.  The building was built for the United States Department of the Army in 1915–16, and is currently being used as the premises for the local museum in Deming.   The armory was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1978 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist.

A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day.
Heath High School (Kentucky)
Heath High School was a secondary school operated by the McCracken County Public Schools district in the rural community of West Paducah, unincorporated McCracken County, Kentucky, near the largest city in the state's far-western Purchase region, Paducah. Established in 1910, the school served students in grades 9–12. It closed in June 2013 in advance of the August opening of a new McCracken County High School, which consolidates Heath, Reidland and Lone Oak High Schools.

McCracken County, Kentucky
McCracken County is a county located in the far west portion of U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,875. The county seat and only municipality is Paducah. McCracken County was the 78th county formed in the state, having been created in 1825. It is part of the historic Jackson Purchase, territory sold by the Chickasaw people to General Andrew Jackson and Governor Isaac Shelby; this territory was located at the extreme western end of Kentucky.

Paducah developed based on its "River and Rail" traffic. Steamboats, barges, and the Illinois Central Railroad were the basis of the economy into the late 20th century. In the 1920s, the Illinois Central built the largest operating, and maintenance base in the world here.

McCracken County is the central county of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cologne school massacre
The Cologne school massacre was a mass murder that occurred at the Catholic elementary school (German: katholische Volksschule) located in the suburb of Volkhoven in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany, on 11 June 1964. The perpetrator, Walter Seifert, also known as "Der Feuerteufel von Volkhoven" ("Firedevil of Volkhoven"), attacked the people at the school with a home-made flamethrower and a spear, killing eight pupils and two teachers, and wounding twenty-two others. When police arrived at the scene, Seifert fled from the school compound and poisoned himself. He was taken to a hospital, where he died the same evening.

Volksschule
The German term Volksschule (German: [ˈfɔlksˌʃuːlə] ⓘ) generally refers to compulsory education, denoting an educational institution every person (i.e. the people, Volk) is required to attend.

In Germany and Switzerland it is equivalent to a combined primary (Grundschule and Primarschule, respectively) and lower secondary education (Hauptschule or Sekundarschule), usually comprising mandatory attendance of nine years. In Austria, Volksschule only refers to primary school lasting four years. In Denmark and Norway, they were referred to as folkeskole and in Sweden as folkskola; the Finnish term kansakoulu is a direct translation. These Nordic schools covered the first years of primary education, from the ages of 7 to 11 or 12.