hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Manhattan District Attorney election
The 2025 Manhattan District Attorney election was held on November 4, 2025, to elect the Manhattan District Attorney. The Democratic primary was held on June 24. The Republican Party did not hold a primary as only one candidate, Maud Maron, sought the nomination. Incumbent Alvin Bragg was re-elected with just under three-quarters of the vote.

New York Republican State Committee
The New York Republican State Committee, established in 1855, is the New York State affiliate of the United States Republican Party (GOP). The party has headquarters in Albany, New York, Buffalo, New York, and New York City. The purpose of the committee is to nominate Republican candidates for election to New York and federal political roles. It also assists its nominees in their election campaigns.
Ode-Itsekiri
Ode-Itsekiri is a community in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. It is also called Itsekiri-Olu and Big Warri. It is the capital of the Itsekiri people and one of the first autonomous communities before the crowning of the Olu Ginuwa. It existed long before 1480, with exact data not known. The Olu's Palace in Ode-Itsekiri has always been used to crown the Olu of Warri Kingdom, while the Kings are buried at Ijala-Ikenren Community.

The Delta State government started a road project around 2006 to link Warri and Ode-Itsekiri. This project is expected to link Ode-Itsekiri and other Itsekiri communities close to it.

The popular song Megbele by Omawumi showed when she arrived at Ode-Itsekiri with boat and went to visit the Olu's Palace.

Omawumi
Omawumi Boma Megbele-Yussuf (born 13 April 1982), known mononymously by Omawumi, is a Nigerian singer-songwriter and actress of Itsekiri ethnicity. She was the brand ambassador for Globacom, Konga.com, and Malta Guinness. She's also part of the campaign called "Rise with the Energy of Africa". She gained attention as the 2007 runner-up on West African Idols, a reality TV show part of the Idols franchise. Her second album, Lasso of Truth (2013), was reported to be a commercial success in Nigeria.
Svein Bjørn Olsen
Svein Bjørn Olsen (30 June 1945 – 18 July 1998) was a Norwegian football goalkeeper.

Olsen played for three top-tier clubs Sandefjord, Lyn and Sarpsborg, becoming league champion in 1968 and cup champion in 1967 and 1968. He represented Norway as an under-21 and senior international.

Sandefjord BK
Sandefjord Ballklubb is a Norwegian football club from Sandefjord, currently playing in Norwegian Fourth Division, the fifth tier in the Norwegian football league system. The club was founded on 27 February 1917. Their home matches are played at Storstadion in Sandefjord.
Edward G. Begle
Edward Griffith Begle (November 27, 1914 – March 2, 1978) was a mathematician best known for his role as the director of the School Mathematics Study Group (SMSG), the primary group credited for developing what came to be known as The New Math.  Begle was a topologist and a researcher in mathematics education who served as a member of the faculty of Stanford University, Princeton University, The University of Michigan, and Yale University.  Begle was also elected as the secretary of the American Mathematical Society in 1951, and he held the position for 6 years.

Adam Clark Vroman
Adam Clark Vroman (April 15, 1856, La Salle, Illinois - July 24, 1916, Altadena, California) was an American portrait photographer, known primarily for his portraits of indigenous peoples of the Southwestern United States. He was the founder and proprietor of Vroman's Bookstore - the oldest and largest independent bookshop in Southern California.

He originally worked for the railways in various positions. In 1892 he began taking landscape photographs, then opened a bookstore in Pasadena together with J.S. Glassock. From 1895, he visited the villages of the Hopi Native Americans for ten years, which he painted. In addition, he photographed the Navajo tribe. Later he also lectured on Indigenous Americans

In his photographs, he showed their facial features, but also realistic images of their dwellings and arranged simple genre scenes of their way of life. In the portrait, he combined documentary requirements with a cultivated rendering.
Robert Singerman
Robert Singerman (born 1942) is a librarian, and a recognized Judaica bibliographer. He is often cited by Judaica rare book dealers. He holds the position of university librarian, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, where he was the bibliographer for Jewish studies, anthropology, and linguistics.

For 27 years Singerman served as the University of Florida, Judaica librarian and bibliographer. He retired in June 2006. He first came to the university in 1979 having previously served at the Klau Library of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati. In 1981, when the Price Library of Judaica was formally established at the university, Singerman commenced his tenure there, first as librarian, the only librarian to date. During the span of his long career at the university he was instrumental in increasing the size of the Judaica collection, from 24,000 volumes, to over 85,000 cataloged volumes.

Jewish studies
Jewish studies (Hebrew: מדעי היהדות, romanized: madʿê ha-yahadut, lit. 'sciences of Judaism'), or Judaic studies, is an academic discipline centered on the study of Jews and Judaism. Jewish studies is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of history (especially Jewish history), Middle Eastern studies, Asian studies, Oriental studies, religious studies, archeology, sociology, languages (Jewish languages), political science, area studies, women's studies, and ethnic studies. Jewish studies as a distinct field is mainly present at colleges and universities in North America.

Related fields include Holocaust research and Israel studies, and in Israel, Jewish thought. Bar-Ilan University has the world's largest school of Jewish studies, while Harvard University was the first American university, and perhaps the first in the world, to appoint a full-time scholar of Judaica to its faculty.
Kasori Shell Mound
The Kasori Shell Mounds (加曽利貝塚, Kasori kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Sakuragi neighborhood of Wakaba ward of the city of Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, in the Kantō region of Japan. It contains the largest known shell midden found in Japan, and was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1971. Its status was raised to that of a special National Historic Site in 2017.

Wakaba-ku
Wakaba Ward (若葉区, Wakaba-ku) is one of the six wards of the city of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of April 2012, the ward had an estimated population of 151,593 and a population density of 1,800 persons per km2. The total area was 84.21 km2, making it the largest of the six wards of Chiba city.
Angelo Ardinghi
Angelo Ardinghi (1850–1897) was an Italian wood engraver.

He was born in Forte de' Marmi near Pietrasanta in the province of Lucca. He first trained in Siena with Giulio Tadini, then in 1863, moved to the Istituto di Belle Arti, working under the engraver P. Giusti. At Siena, he won a number of competitions there. He obtained a stipend from the province of Lucca, and moved to Bologna to work under professor Francesco Ratti, and from there to Milan, where he opened a studio for wood engraving. He became a professor of xylography (wood-cut engraving) at the Scuola professionale of Florence.  He won awards in 1877 at the Provincial Exposition of  Lucca. Among his works are:

Portrait of Michelangelo for the l'Illustrazione Italiana

Monument of the Commune and province of Lucca

Portraits in the Dizionario Biografico degli scrittori viventi by Angelo De Gubernatis (1880)

Illustrations to a Guida dell' Italia Centrale (1882).

Angelo de Gubernatis
Count Angelo De Gubernatis (7 April 1840 – 26 February 1913) was an Italian man of letters. He was born in Turin and educated there and in Berlin, where he studied philology. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature fourteen times.
Wandsbek Markt station
Wandsbek Markt is a rapid transit station on the Hamburg U-Bahn line U1 and an important interchange station between Hamburger Hochbahn (HHA) trains and buses. The station was opened in October 1961 and is located at Wandsbeker Marktplatz in the center of Wandsbek, Germany. Wandsbek is center of the Hamburg borough of Wandsbek.

Wandsbek
Wandsbek (German pronunciation: [ˈvantsbeːk] ⓘ) is the second-largest of seven boroughs that make up the city and state of Hamburg, Germany. The name of the district is derived from the river Wandse which passes through here. Wandsbek, which was formerly an independent city, is urban and, along with Eilbek and Marienthal, part of the city's economic and cultural core. In 2020 the population was 442,702, making it the most populous borough in Hamburg.
Skirsnemunė
Skirsnemunė is a town in Jurbarkas district municipality, Tauragė County, Lithuania. It is situated on the Neman River about 9 km from Jurbarkas. According to the 2011 census, it had 772 residents. The town traces it history to Christmemel, a fortress built by the Teutonic Knights on a nearby hill fort in 1313. The fortress was abandoned in 1328. The town church was funded by the last will of Mykolas, son of Jonas Kęsgaila, in 1523. Skirsnemunė received Magdeburg rights in 1792.

Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (German: Magdeburger Recht, Polish: Prawo magdeburskie, Lithuanian: Magdeburgo teisė; also called Magdeburg law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973), which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by the local ruler. Named after the city of Magdeburg and based on Roman municipal and universal merchant traditions, these town charters were perhaps the most important set of medieval laws in Central Europe. They became the basis for the German town laws developed during many centuries in the Holy Roman Empire.  The Magdeburg rights were adopted and adapted by numerous monarchs, including the rulers of Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, and Lithuania, a milestone in the urbanization of the region which prompted the development of thousands of villages and cities.
AC (complexity)
In circuit complexity, AC is a complexity class hierarchy.  Each class, ACi, consists of the languages recognized by Boolean circuits with depth  and a polynomial number of unlimited fan-in AND and OR gates.

The name "AC" was chosen by analogy to NC, with the "A" in the name standing for "alternating" and referring both to the alternation between the AND and OR gates in the circuits and to alternating Turing machines.

The smallest AC class is AC0, consisting of constant-depth unlimited fan-in circuits.

The total hierarchy of AC classes is defined as

AND gate
The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements the logical conjunction (∧) from mathematical logic –  AND gates behave according to their truth table. A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If any of the inputs to the AND gate are not HIGH, a LOW (0) is outputted. The function can be extended to any number of inputs by multiple gates up in a chain.
Union of Burma (1948–1962)
The first fourteen years of independent Burma were marred by several communist and ethnic insurgencies. Prominent insurgent groups during this period included the Communist Party of Burma (CPB, "white flags") led by Thakin Than Tun, the Communist Party (Burma) ("red flags") led by Thakin Soe, the People's Volunteer Organisation (Yèbaw Hpyu) led by Bo La Yaung (a member of the Thirty Comrades), the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut (all three of them members of the Thirty Comrades), and the Karen National Union (KNU).

Communist Party (Burma)
The Communist Party (Burma) (Burmese: ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ (ဗမာပြည်)), sometimes referred to as the Red Flag Communist Party (Burmese: အလံနီကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ; RFCP), was a communist party in Burma. The party was formed after a more radical faction broke away from the Communist Party of Burma in 1946. In the same year, it began a protracted armed insurgency; first against British rule, then against the Burmese government. The party was led by Thakin Soe, a firebrand communist leader. In the 1970s, the party lost influence and was militarily defeated by 1978.
North Surrey Secondary School
North Surrey Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia and is part of School District 36 Surrey.  The current structure dates from 1993, but the site has been in use since 1949. During the 1999–2000 year, a track was constructed on property north of the main building.  The school is notable for its drama and art departments, both of which have been the recipient of several awards. Several movies have been filmed at the school including Agent Cody Banks.

School District 36 Surrey
School District 36 Surrey operates schools in Surrey, White Rock, and Barnston Island, British Columbia. It is the largest school district in British Columbia with 80,208 students and 195+ languages represented during the 2022–23 school year. District 36 includes 103 elementary schools, 21 secondary schools, 5 learning centres, and 3 adult education centres. While the district was established in 1906 its first school opened in 1882. The district is Surrey’s largest employer with 12,540 employees including 6,716 teachers.
Supaksorn Nuntana
Supaksorn Nuntana (born 8 December 1989) is a Thai racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Thailand Women's Cycling Team. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's road race in Florence.

2013 UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race
The Women's road race of the 2013 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took place on 28 September 2013 in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

The course of the race was 140.05 km (87.02 mi) from the town of Montecatini Terme to the Nelson Mandela Forum in Florence.
Jimmy Freeborough
James Freeborough (13 February 1879 – January 1961) was an English footballer who played as a full-back for Stockport County, Leeds City and Bradford (Park Avenue) as well as non-league football for various other clubs.

Leeds City F.C.
Leeds City Football Club was the leading professional club in Leeds, England, before the First World War. The club was highly successful in the wartime football league; however, it faced sanction for paying its players during wartime which had been made illegal. The club was dissolved in 1919 after the club's directors failed to co-operate with the subsequent FA inquiry. In 1919 Leeds United was established as a replacement.
A Short Vision
A Short Vision is a British adult animated short film by Joan and Peter Foldes released in 1956. The film, inspired by one of Peter's poems, depicts the destruction of the world, including mankind. The film's music was composed by Mátyás Seiber, who composed music for Animal Farm two years earlier.

A Short Vision gained notoriety when it was shown on The Ed Sullivan Show on 27 May 1956. This, however, made it controversial. Due to popular demand, it was shown again on 10 June.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, team
The men's 300 metre team free rifle was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event. The competition was held on Thursday, 4 July 1912. Forty-two sport shooters from seven nations competed. The event was won by Sweden, the nation's first victory in the event, improving on a silver-medal performance in 1908. Defending champions Norway reached the podium for the third consecutive time, taking silver this time. Denmark earned its first medal in the men's 300 metre team free rifle with bronze.

Ole Sæther had been a member of Norway's two prior teams as well, so became the first man with three medals in the event. He had been the only man with multiple medals; five others (Albert Helgerud, Gudbrand Skatteboe, Einar Liberg, and Olaf Sæther of Norway and Gustaf Adolf Jonsson of Sweden) each earned their second in 1912.

Gustaf Adolf Jonsson
Gustaf Adolf Jonsson (26 June 1879 – 30 April 1949) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed at the 1908, the 1912 and the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In 1908, he won the silver medal in the team free rifle event.

In the team military rifle event he finished fifth, and in the 300 metre free rifle competition he finished 15th.

Four years later, he won the gold medal as a member of the Swedish free rifle.

In the 300 metre free rifle, three positions event he finished eleventh, and in the 300 metre military rifle, three positions competition he finished 16th.

In 1920, he won the bronze medal as part of the Swedish 600 metre military rifle prone team.

In the 300 and 600 metre team military rifle, prone event he finished sixth. He also participated in the 300 metre military rifle, prone competition and in the 600 metre military rifle, prone event but his exact place is unknown.
Paradoxurinae
Paradoxurinae is a subfamily of the feliform viverrids that was denominated and first described by John Edward Gray in 1864. Pocock subordinated the genera Paradoxurus, Paguma and Arctictis to this subfamily.

John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The standard author abbreviation J.E.Gray is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. The same is used for a zoological name.

Gray was keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world.
Photoferroelectric imaging
Photoferroelectric imaging is the process of storing an image onto a piece of ferroelectric material by the aid of an applied electric pulse.
Stored images are nonvolatile and selectively erasable. Photoferroelectric image storage devices have the advantage of being "extremely simple and easy to fabricate".

Photoferroelectric imaging uses a ferroelectric material's photosensitivity in conjunction with its ferroelectric properties. One type of medium which has been used for photoferroelectric imaging is lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics, which exhibit a good combination of properties for imaging: large electro-optic coefficients, high intrinsic and extrinsic photosensitivities, and nonvolatile memory.

Photosensitivity
In medicine, photosensitivity is an abnormal reaction of the skin to light. There are two types: photoallergy and phototoxicity. The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.
Lasochów
Lasochów [laˈsɔxuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Małogoszcz, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Małogoszcz, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Jędrzejów, and 33 km (21 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Małogoszcz
Małogoszcz [maˈwɔɡɔʂt͡ʂ] ⓘ is a town in the Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southern Poland. The Battle of Małogoszcz. one of the biggest battles of the 1863 January Uprising, took place there. Małogoszcz belongs to Lesser Poland; the name of the town comes from ancient Polish given name Małogost.
Trpišovice
Trpišovice is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Trpišovice lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) west of Havlíčkův Brod, 35 km (22 mi) north-west of Jihlava, and 81 km (50 mi) south-east of Prague.

Havlíčkův Brod
Havlíčkův Brod (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦavliːtʃkuːv ˈbrot], until 1945 Německý Brod; German: Deutschbrod) is a town in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 24,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Limmern Glacier
The Limmern Glacier (German: Limmernfirn) is a glacier situated in the Glarus Alps in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. The glacier is situated below the mountains of Bifertenstock, to the south, and Schiben, to the north. Meltwater from the glacier flows eastwards into the Limmernsee and thence north into the Linth river.

In 2005, the glacier had a length of 3 km (1.9 mi). In 1973 it had an area of 2.09 km2 (0.81 sq mi).

Canton of Glarus
The canton of Glarus (German: Kanton Glarus [ˈɡlaːrʊs] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Glaruna; French: Canton de Glaris; Italian: Canton Glarona) is a canton in east-central Switzerland. The capital is Glarus.
The population speaks a variety of Alemannic German.
The majority of the population (81%) identifies as Christian, about evenly split between Protestants and Catholics.
Park Soo-yun
Park Soo-yun (Korean:박•수연, born 27 November 1974) is a South Korean badminton player. She was part of the Korean Uber Cup runner-up squad in 1992. Park won the Chinese Taipei Open with her partner, Yim Kyung-jin back in 1997. She competed in women's doubles at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

Badminton at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles
Women’s doubles badminton event at the 1996 Summer Olympics was held from 25 to 31 July 1996. The tournament was single-elimination. Matches consisted of three sets, with sets being to 15 for women's doubles. The tournament was held at the Georgia State University Gymnasium.
Arthur Sauvé
Arthur Sauvé, PC (French pronunciation: [aʁtyʁ sove]; October 1, 1874 – February 6, 1944) was born in Saint-Hermas (today part of Mirabel, Quebec).

The Legislative Assembly of Quebec member for Deux-Montagnes from 1908 to 1930, he was leader of the Quebec Conservative Party but never premier.

In 1930 he moved to federal politics and became Postmaster General in the Cabinet of Richard Bennett until 1935.  In 1935 he was appointed to the Senate.

He was also the mayor of the municipality of Saint-Benoît from 1906 to 1923.

Mirabel, Quebec
Mirabel (French pronunciation: [miʁabɛl]) is a suburb of Montreal, located on the North Shore in southern Quebec.

Mirabel is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Mirabel. Its geographical code is 74.  Prior to 2002, Mirabel was not only a city but also comprised the Mirabel Regional County Municipality.

The city is home to Montréal–Mirabel International Airport.