hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melias
Melias (Greek: Μελίας) or Mleh (Armenian: Մլեհ, often Mleh-mec, "Mleh the Great" in Armenian sources) was an Armenian prince who entered Byzantine service and became a distinguished general, founding the theme of Lykandos and participating in the campaigns of John Kourkouas against the Arabs.

Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (ODB) is a three-volume historical dictionary published by the English Oxford University Press. With more than 5,000 entries, it contains comprehensive information in English on topics relating to the Byzantine Empire. It was edited by Alexander Kazhdan, and was first published in 1991. Kazhdan was a professor at Princeton University who became a Senior Research Associate at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, before his death. He contributed to many of the articles in the Dictionary and always signed his initials A.K. at the end of the article to indicate his contribution.
Canton of Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône
The canton of Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône is an administrative division of the Val-d'Oise department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône.

It consists of the following communes:

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Gary Orefice
Gary Orefice (December 30, 1942 – September 23, 2018) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 37th district from 1993 to 2005.

He died of cancer on September 23, 2018, in Niantic, Connecticut at age 75.

Niantic, Connecticut
Niantic (/naɪˈæntɪk/ ny-AN-tik) is a census-designated place (CDP) and village in the town of East Lyme, Connecticut. The population was 3,114 people at the 2010 census. It is located on Long Island Sound.
Fred Orton
Fred Lionel Orton (born 1945, Coventry, Warwickshire England; died 15 February 2025) was an English art historian. His initial training was at Coventry College of Art in painting as a Dip.A.D student.  He extended his experience in the History and Development of Art initially at the Courtauld Institute in London and then professionally as a scholar of art history and art theory at the University of Leeds.

Courtauld Institute of Art
The Courtauld Institute of Art (/ˈkɔːrtəʊld/) is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art and conservation.

The art collection is known particularly for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, and is housed in the Courtauld Gallery. The Courtauld is based in Somerset House, in the Strand in London. In 2019, the Courtauld's teaching and research activities temporarily relocated to Vernon Square, London, while its Somerset House site underwent a major regeneration project.
Nalder
Nalder is a surname of English origin. People with the surname include:

Bill Nalder (born 1952), former Australian rules footballer

Cambell Nalder (1937–1987), Australian politician, son of Crawford Nalder

Crawford Nalder (1910–1994), Australian politician

Dean Nalder (born 1966), Australian politician, grandson of Crawford Nalder

Eric Nalder, American journalist

Leonard Fielding Nalder (1888–1958), British colonial administrator

Reggie Nalder (1907–1991),  actor

Ron Nalder (born 1939), Australian rules footballer

Reggie Nalder
Reggie Nalder (born Alfred Natzler; 4 September 1907 – 19 November 1991) was a prolific Austrian film and television character actor from the late 1940s to the early 1990s. His distinctive features—partially the result of disfiguring burns—together with a haunting style and demeanor led to his being called "The Face That Launched a Thousand Trips".
Pete Rambo
Warren Dawson "Pete" Rambo (November 1, 1906 – June 19, 1991) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Philadelphia Phillies.

Rambo was born in the Thorofare section of West Deptford Township, New Jersey.

A single in his only at-bat left Rambo with a rare MLB career batting average of 1.000.

Thorofare, New Jersey
Thorofare is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within West Deptford Township in northwestern Gloucester County, situated in the South Jersey region of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08086. As of the 2020 United States census, the CDP's population was 2,806. As of the 2000 census, the population of a different geographic entity containing Thorofare, namely ZIP Code Tabulation Area 08086, was 5,424.

Checkpoint Systems is headquartered in Thorofare.
Calm Down (Busta Rhymes song)
"Calm Down" is a song by American rapper Busta Rhymes from the album Extinction Level Event 2: The Wrath of God. The song features Eminem and was produced by Scoop DeVille. It was released for digital download on July 1, 2014, by The Conglomerate Entertainment and Empire Distribution.

KPWR
KPWR (105.9 FM) – branded as Power 106 – is a commercial radio station in Los Angeles, California, broadcasting to the Greater Los Angeles area. KPWR is owned and operated by Alex Meruelo's Meruelo Group, through licensee KPWR Radio Holdings LLC, and airs a rhythmic hot AC format. KPWR's studios are based in the Los Angeles suburb of Burbank, and the transmitter is on Mount Wilson. Meruelo acquired KPWR from Emmis Communications for $82.75 million in May 2017, officially bringing the station under common ownership with KDAY, KDEY-FM and KBEH on August 1, 2017.
Application Integration Architecture
In computing, Application Integration Architecture (AIA) is an integration framework produced by Oracle Corporation.

Standards-based, AIA has pre-built common object definitions and services. Oracle AIA is built on Oracle Fusion Middleware's SOA and Business Process-Management (BPM) products.

AIA provides a foundation on which to build business-process flows. AIA delivers Pre-built Integrations as either Direct Integrations (DIs) or Process Integration Packs (PIPs).

Direct Integrations (DIs): Pre-built integrations that manage data flows and data synchronizations between Applications.

Process Integration Packs (PIPs): Help optimize processes; they are pre-built composite business processes across enterprise Applications. They allow companies to get up and running with core processes quickly. AIA and PIPs decrease software development time. PIPs operate both horizontally and vertically. Vertical PIPs cater to industries like telecoms, retail, and banking/insurance.

Business process
A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur at all organizational levels and may or may not be visible to the customers. A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as a flowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process. The benefits of using business processes include improved customer satisfaction and improved agility for reacting to rapid market change. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoid functional silos.
2018 Mutua Madrid Open – Women's singles
Petra Kvitová defeated Kiki Bertens in the final, 7–6(8–6), 4–6, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2018 Madrid Open. It was Kvitová's third Madrid Open title, and she became the first player to win three women's singles titles at the Madrid Open.

Simona Halep was the two-time defending champion, but lost to Karolína Plíšková in the quarterfinals.

Halep and Caroline Wozniacki were in contention for the WTA no. 1 singles ranking at the beginning of the tournament. Halep retained the top ranking when Wozniacki lost to Bertens in the third round.

Anna Karolína Schmiedlová
Anna Karolína Schmiedlová (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈanna ˈkarɔliːna ˈʂmiːdlɔʋaː]; born 13 September 1994) is a Slovak inactive professional tennis player. On 12 October 2015, she reached her best WTA singles ranking of world No. 26. She has won three singles titles on the WTA Tour, two singles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as 12 singles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Betsy McCaughey
Elizabeth Helen McCaughey (/məˈkɔɪ/; born October 20, 1948), formerly known as Betsy McCaughey Ross, is an American politician who was the lieutenant governor of New York from 1995 to 1998. She unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party nomination for governor after Pataki dropped her from his 1998 ticket, and she ended up on the ballot under the Liberal Party line. In August 2016 the Donald Trump presidential campaign announced that she had joined the campaign as an economic adviser.

McCaughey has been a fellow at the conservative Manhattan Institute and Hudson Institute thinktanks and has written numerous articles and op-eds. She was a member of the boards of directors of medical equipment companies Genta (from 2001 to 2007) and Cantel Medical Corporation, but she resigned in 2009 to avoid the appearance of conflict of interest with her public advocacy against the Affordable Care Act.

Hudson Institute
Hudson Institute is an American right-wing neoconservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by futurist Herman Kahn and his colleagues Max Singer and Oscar M. Ruebhausen at the RAND Corporation.

Kahn was a physicist and military consultant known for envisioning nuclear war scenarios. The institute's research branched out from the military into various areas including economics, health, education, and gambling. Kahn died in 1983, and the institute moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1984. The institute helped design Wisconsin's influential workfare program in the mid-1990s. Hudson relocated to Washington, D.C., in 2004. It has been noted for work with governments and industries, including defense and agribusiness.
Rufus Hatten
Rufus Hatten (June 16, 1912 – December 1968) was an American Negro league catcher in the 1940s.

A native of Panama City, Florida, Hatten made his Negro leagues debut in 1942 with the Memphis Red Sox, and went on to play for the Chicago American Giants and Baltimore Elite Giants through 1946. In 1952, he played minor league baseball for the Bluefield Blue-Grays. Hatten died in Ocala, Florida in 1968 at age 56.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Peter Scheerer
Peter Scheerer (born 16 December 1973) is a German film director, film producer and screenwriter. He collaborates on his movies with fellow filmmaker Michael Roesch.

A film fan since his early childhood, Scheerer started shooting short 8 mm movies while he was in high school. After college Scheerer worked in advertising. Later he started together with his writing partner Michael Roesch a successful career as a screenwriter, and worked in various production capacities. Among their screenwriting credits are Alone in the Dark, House of the Dead 2 and Far Cry.

In 2006 Roesch and Scheerer directed their first feature, the vampire thriller Brotherhood of Blood, starring Victoria Pratt, Sid Haig and Ken Foree. The movie had its world premiere at the prestigious Sitges Film Festival in Sitges, Spain in October 2007.

In 2007 Roesch and Scheerer directed Alone in the Dark II, starring Rick Yune, Lance Henriksen and Danny Trejo. It is a sequel to the 2005 film Alone in the Dark.

Sid Haig
Sidney Eddie Mosesian (July 14, 1939 – September 21, 2019), known professionally as Sid Haig, was an American actor. He was known for his appearances in horror films, most notably his role as Captain Spaulding in the Rob Zombie films House of 1000 Corpses, The Devil's Rejects, and 3 from Hell. Haig's Captain Spaulding, and Haig himself, have been called icons of horror cinema.  Haig had a leading role on the television series Jason of Star Command as the villain Dragos. He appeared in many television programs, including The Untouchables; Batman; Gunsmoke; Mission: Impossible; Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman; Star Trek; Get Smart; Mannix; The Rockford Files; Charlie's Angels; Fantasy Island; Buck Rogers in the 25th Century; The Dukes of Hazzard; The A-Team; MacGyver; and Emergency!. Haig also had roles in several of Jack Hill's blaxploitation films from the 1970s.
Pangani Magharibi
Pangani Magharibi  is an administrative ward in the Pangani District of the Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 20 m (66 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a population of 6,262.

Pangani District, Tanga
Pangani District Council (Swahili: Wilaya ya Pangani) is one of eleven administrative districts of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The District covers an area of 1,756 km2 (678 sq mi). It is bordered to the north by Muheza District, to the east by Zanzibar Channel, to the south by the Chalinze District of Pwani Region, and to the west by the Handeni District. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Guadeloupe. The district seat (capital) and largest settlement in Pangani district  is the town of Pangani. The district is named after the historic Pangani River. As of the 2022 census, the population was Pangani district was 75,642, making it the least populous district in Tanga Region.
Koichi Iwaki
Kōichi Iwaki (岩城滉一, Iwaki Kōichi) is a Japanese actor. He won the award for best actor at the 8th Yokohama Film Festival for the 1986 film Minami e Hashire, Umi no Michi o. He was a Zainichi Korean until April 5, 2017, when he naturalized. Iwaki is also a racing car driver.

Yokohama Film Festival
The Yokohama Film Festival (ヨコハマ映画祭, Yokohama eigasai) is an annual awards ceremony held in Yokohama, Japan. Ten films are chosen as the best of the year, and various awards are given to personnel. The first festival, held on February 3, 1980, was a small affair by fans and film critics. In 1994, France announced plans to help sponsor the festival with grants from the National Cinema Center.
Cold Hesledon
Cold Hesledon is a village and former civil parish, now in the parishes of Murton and Dalton-le-Dale, in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated a short distance to the east of Murton. In 1961 the parish had a population of 997.

County Durham (district)
County Durham is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is governed by Durham County Council. The district has an area of 2,226 square kilometres (859 sq mi), and contains 135 civil parishes. It forms part of the larger ceremonial county of Durham, together with boroughs of Darlington, Hartlepool, and the part of Stockton-on-Tees north of the River Tees.
Potential output
In economics, potential output (also referred to as "natural gross domestic product") refers to the highest level of real gross domestic product (potential output) that can be sustained over the long term. Actual output happens in real life while potential output shows the level that could be achieved.

Real and nominal value
In economics, nominal value refers to value measured in terms of absolute money amounts, whereas real value is considered and measured against the actual goods or services for which it can be exchanged at a given time. Real value takes into account inflation and the value of an asset in relation to its purchasing power. In macroeconomics, the real gross domestic product compensates for inflation so economists can exclude inflation from growth figures, and see how much an economy actually grows. Nominal GDP would include inflation, and thus be higher.
1998 Balleny Islands earthquake
In the afternoon of Wednesday 25 March 1998, a very large magnitude 8.1 earthquake struck a remote area of the Southern Ocean. Its epicentre was located roughly 450 km (280 mi) north of George V Land and roughly 700 km (435 mi) northwest of the Balleny Islands in Antarctica. Due to the remote location of the earthquake, there were no reports of anyone feeling any shaking or any damage being caused. The event was a complex intraplate earthquake within the Antarctic plate. To date it is the largest recorded earthquake in Antarctica, and is the largest recorded earthquake to have been caused by post-glacial rebound. The earthquake occurred in an area which previously had very little seismic activity, and so such a large event was unprecedented in the seismic record.

Macquarie triple junction
The Macquarie triple junction is a geologically active tectonic boundary located at 61°30′S 161°0′E﻿ / ﻿61.500°S 161.000°E﻿ / -61.500; 161.000 at which the historic Indo-Australian plate, Pacific plate, and Antarctic plate collide and interact. The term triple junction is given to particular tectonic boundaries at which three separate tectonic plates meet at a specific, singular location. The Macquarie triple junction is located on the seafloor of the southern region of the Pacific Ocean, just south of New Zealand. This tectonic boundary was named in respect to the nearby Macquarie Island, which is located southeast of New Zealand.
Acke Åslund
Acke Åslund (27 October 1881 – 13 February 1958) was a Swedish painter and printmaker. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Åslund is represented in the collections of the Moderna Museet ("the Museum of Modern Art") in Stockholm, the Jamtli, the Västergötland Museum ("Västergötlands museum") and the Nordic Museum ("Nordiska Museet") in Stockholm.

Nordic Museum
The Nordic Museum (Swedish: Nordiska museet) is a museum located on Djurgården, an island in central Stockholm, Sweden, dedicated to the cultural history and ethnography of Sweden from the early modern period (in Swedish history, it is said to begin in 1520) to the contemporary period. The museum was founded in the late 19th century by Artur Hazelius, who also founded the open-air museum Skansen. It was, for a long time, part of the museum, until the institutions were made independent of each other in 1963.
Çarshi Mosque
The Çarshi Mosque, also known as the Bazaar Mosque and the Taş Mosque (literally, the Stone Mosque) (Albanian: Xhamia e Çarshisë), is the oldest building in Pristina, Kosovo, and it marks the beginning of the old town. The foundation of this mosque was laid out in 1389 during the rule of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and its construction was continued during the reign of Sultan Murad II in the 15th century. The Çarshi Mosque was built to celebrate the Ottoman victory of 1389 in the Battle of Kosovo. Over the years, the mosque has undergone through several restorations. However, its stone-topped minaret has survived for over six centuries (hence, it is often referred to as the Taş Mosque, or the Stone Mosque).

Bayezid I
Bayezid I (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد اول; Turkish: I. Bayezid), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم بايزيد; Turkish: Yıldırım Bayezid; c. 1360 – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of Sultan-i Rûm, Rûm being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1394, Bayezid unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople. Bayezid vanquished all the Beyliks and proceeded to conquer and vassalize the entirety of Anatolia. In 1402, he once more besieged Constantinople, appearing to find success, but he ultimately withdrew due to the invasion of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. He defeated the crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria in 1396. He was later defeated and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in captivity in March 1403, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum between his sons.
Cèsar Martinell i Brunet
Cèsar Martinell i Brunet (Valls, 24 December 1888 - Barcelona, 19 November 1973) was a Catalan modernista architect. He was part of the small and selected group of architects that were connected to Antoni Gaudí, his most important teacher. As a multifaceted person, Martinell was also a researcher and art historian. He became famous for the many wine cellars he made for the agriculture cooperatives of different towns throughout Catalonia, especially in the south, in the Province of Tarragona. These are known as "the cathedrals of wine".

Province of Tarragona
Tarragona (Spanish: [taraˈɣona]; Catalan: [tərəˈɣonə]) is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is bordered by the provinces of Castellón, Teruel, Zaragoza, Lleida and Barcelona and by the Mediterranean Sea.

The province's population is 795,902 (2018), about one fifth of whom live in the capital, Tarragona. Some of the larger cities and towns in Tarragona province include Reus, Salou, El Vendrell, Tortosa, Valls, Amposta. This province has 183 municipalities. The province includes several World Heritage Sites and is a popular tourist destination. There are Roman Catholic cathedrals in Tarragona and Tortosa.
Paul Davison
Paul S. Davison (born 1 October 1971) is an English former professional snooker player from Pickering, North Yorkshire. First earning a place on the World Snooker Tour in 1992, he played on the tour until 1997, and has since regained his place on the Tour on three further occasions, most recently in the 2018-19 snooker season. Davison reached a peak of 70th in the world snooker rankings in 2012, and the farthest into a ranking tournament at the 2017 Riga Masters. He has made a total of 76 professional century breaks, the highest being a 144 made in qualifying for the 2001 World Snooker Championship.

2017 Riga Masters
The 2017 Kaspersky Riga Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 23 and 25 June 2017 at the Arena Riga in Riga, Latvia. It was the first ranking event of the 2017/2018 season. The tournament was broadcast by Eurosport.

Neil Robertson was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Lukas Kleckers.

Ryan Day claimed the first ranking title of his career by defeating Stephen Maguire 5–2 in the final.