hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cost-of-production theory of value
In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. The cost can comprise any of the factors of production (including labor, capital, or land) and taxation.

The theory makes the most sense under assumptions of constant returns to scale and the existence of just one non-produced factor of production. With these assumptions, minimal price theorem, a dual version of the so-called non-substitution theorem by Paul Samuelson, holds.: 73, 75  Under these assumptions, the long-run price of a commodity is equal to the sum of the cost of the inputs into that commodity, including interest charges.

Effect of taxes and subsidies on price
Taxes and subsidies change the price of goods and, as a result, the quantity consumed. There is a difference between an ad valorem tax and a specific tax or subsidy in the way it is applied to the price of the good. In the end, levying a tax moves the market to a new equilibrium where the price of a good paid by buyers increases and the proportion of the price received by sellers decreases.

The incidence of a tax does not depend on whether the buyers or sellers are taxed since taxes levied on sellers are likely to be met by raising the price charged to buyers. Most of the burden of a tax falls on the less elastic side of the market because of a lower ability to respond to the tax by changing the quantity sold or bought.

Introduction of a subsidy, on the other hand, may either lowers the price of production which encourages firms to produce more, or lowers the price paid by buyers, encouraging higher sales volume. Such a policy is beneficial both to sellers and buyers.
WHYL
WHYL (960 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Carlisle, Pennsylvania and serving the Harrisburg metropolitan area. The station is owned by Harold Z. Swidler, with the license held by WHYL, Inc.  It broadcasts an oldies radio format.  It also carries Baltimore Orioles baseball games.  The radio studios and offices are on North Hanover Street in Carlisle.

By day, WHYL is powered at 5,000 watts non-directional.  To protect other stations on 960 AM from interference at night, it drops its power to 22 watts.  The transmitter is on East Baltimore Street in Carlisle, near Interstate 81.   WHYL programming is simulcast around the clock on 160 watt FM translator W275CJ at 102.9 MHz. The translator tower is on Blue Mountain northeast of Carlisle.  It uses the FM translator's dial position in its slogan "Good Time Oldies 102.9 WHYL".

Interstate 81 in Pennsylvania
Interstate 81 (I-81) is a north–south Interstate Highway, stretching from I-40 in Dandridge, Tennessee, northeast to Fishers Landing, New York on Wellesley Island, at the Canada–United States border. In Pennsylvania, I-81 runs for 232.76 miles (374.59 km) from the Maryland state line northeast to the New York state line near Hallstead and is called the American Legion Memorial Highway. The Interstate enters the state near the borough of Greencastle, serving the boroughs of Chambersburg and Carlisle, before reaching Harrisburg, the capital. After that, it climbs into the Pocono Mountains to run through the Wyoming Valley, then exits into New York. It is the longest north–south Interstate in Pennsylvania.
Sophie Koch
Sophie Koch (born 19 February 1969) is a French operatic mezzo-soprano who made an international career, performing Rosina in Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia at the Royal Opera House, the Composer in Ariadne auf Naxos by Richard Strauss at the Semperoper in Dresden, and Charlotte in Massenet's Werther at the Paris Opera, among others. Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss became her signature role. She has also performed in concert and recital, and made recordings.

Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ɡʁamoˈfoːn]; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the MCA family of labels in 1999. Deutsche Grammophon is the world's oldest surviving established record company. Presidents of the company are Frank Briegmann, Chairman and CEO Central Europe of Universal Music Group and Clemens Trautmann.
Waltke
Waltke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron Waltke (born 1984), American screenwriter and television producer

Bruce Waltke (born 1930), American biblical scholar, theologian and academic

Trey Waltke (born 1955), American tennis player

Trey Waltke
Trey Waltke (born March 16, 1955) is a former professional tennis player from the U.S. active during the 1970s and 1980s.

Waltke came from St. Louis, Missouri, and he was one of the few players to beat John McEnroe and Jimmy Connors in the same year. During a first-round match at Wimbledon in 1983 against Stan Smith, Waltke caused a stir when he donned 1920s-era long flannel pants, a white buttoned-down long-sleeved shirt, and a necktie for a belt. He beat Smith in five sets but lost to Ivan Lendl in the second round.
ABT-354
ABT-354 (also known as SLV-354 or SLV354) is an investigational small molecule drug developed by AbbVie, Inc. as a selective antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor (HTR6), with intended applications in the treatment of cognitive disorders such as mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

5-HT6 receptor
The 5HT6 receptor is a subtype of 5HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT). It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is coupled to Gs and mediates excitatory neurotransmission. HTR6 denotes the human gene encoding for the receptor.
Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai
Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai is a 2010 Indian Marathi-language romance film directed and co-written by Satish Rajwade. The film was released in Maharashtra on 11 June 2010 and stars Swapnil Joshi and Mukta Barve as the only two unnamed characters from different cities of Pune and Mumbai, respectively, and the film is about how their competitive spirits bring them together. The film was critically and commercially successful at the box office and is the first installment of the Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai film series before its two sequels titled Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 2 (2015) and Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 3 (2018). The film was remade in Hindi in 2014 as Mumbai Delhi Mumbai, in Kannada as Pyarge Aagbittaite, in Telugu as Made in Vizag  and in Punjabi as Chandigarh Amritsar Chandigarh. In Gujarati, it is remade as "Taari Saathe".

Box office
A box office or ticket office is a place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to an event. Patrons may perform the transaction at a countertop, through a hole in a wall or window, or at a wicket. By extension, the term is frequently used, especially in the context of the film industry, as a metonym for the amount of business a particular production, such as a film or theatre show, receives. The term is also used to refer to a ticket office at an arena or a stadium.
Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV
A medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle flies at an altitude window of 10,000 to 30,000 feet (3,000–9,000 m) for extended durations of time, typically 24 to 48 hours. This list includes both unmanned combat aerial vehicle and unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle.

Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle
An unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle, is an unarmed military UAV that is used for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR).
Unlike unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV), this type of system is not designed to carry aircraft ordnance such as missiles, ATGMs, or bombs for drone strikes. The main purpose is to provide battlefield intelligence. Small sized short-range man-portable unmanned aerial vehicles are called miniature UAV also used for battlefield intelligence.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 85
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 85 (P. Oxy. 85) is part of a series of declarations by various guilds of workmen, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 26 November 338. Currently it is housed in the Department of Manuscripts of the British Library (760) in London.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Regal (instrument)
The musical instrument known as the regal or regalle (from Middle French régale)
is a small portable organ, furnished with beating reeds and having two bellows. The instrument enjoyed its greatest popularity during the Renaissance. The name "regal" was also sometimes given to the reed stops of a pipe organ, and more especially to the vox humana stop.

Organ stop
An organ stop is a component of a pipe organ that admits pressurized air (known as wind) to a set of organ pipes. Its name comes from the fact that stops can be used selectively by the organist; each can be "on" (admitting the passage of air to certain pipes), or "off" (stopping the passage of air to certain pipes).

The term can also refer to the control that operates this mechanism, commonly called a stop tab, stop knob, or drawknob. On electric or electronic organs that imitate a pipe organ, the same terms are often used, with the exception of the Hammond organ and clonewheel organs, which use the term "drawbar".

The term is also sometimes used as a synonym for register, referring to rank(s) of pipes controlled by a single stop.  Registration is the art of combining stops to produce a certain sound. The phrase "pull out all the stops", which once only meant to engage all of the voices on the organ, has entered general usage, for deploying all available means to pursue a goal.
The Monkey Pole
Monkey Pole is the debut album of Wicklow based band Hybrasil. The album was released by Manazo Records on September 7, 2007 and will feature some tracks from the band's two previous EP releases "We Got Music" and "When I'm Yawning".

Wicklow
Wicklow (/ˈwɪkloʊ/ WIK-loh; Irish: Cill Mhantáin [ˌciːl̠ʲ ˈwan̪ˠt̪ˠaːnʲ], meaning 'church of the toothless one'; Old Norse: Víkingaló)  is the county town of County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on the east coast of Ireland, south of Dublin. According to the 2022 census, it had a population of 12,957 people. The town is to the east of the M11 route between Dublin and Wexford. It also has railway links to Dublin, Wexford, Arklow, and Rosslare Europort. There is also a commercial port for timber and textile imports. The River Vartry is the main river flowing through the town.
Aladagh Mountains
The Aladagh Mountains or the Aladagh Range refers to a mountain range situated in the southeastern section of Iran's North Khorasan province, southeast of the Caspian Sea. The range is located 25 kilometres south of Bojnurd, the capital city of North Khorasan. The Aladagh Mountains merge with the Alborz Mountains in the west and then run southeastwards in a northwest-southeast direction. The highest peak of the range is Mount Shahjahan with an elevation of 3,032 metres (9,948 ft). This peak is located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Esfarayen, almost in southeastern part of North Khorasan Province.

North Khorasan province
North Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان شمالی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Bojnord.

North Khorasan is one of the three provinces created after the division of Khorasan in 2004. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5.
Vagococcus lutrae
Vagococcus lutrae is a species of Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacteria from the genus Vagococcus which was originally isolated from a otter (Lutra lutra). Vagococcus lutrae can cause infection in humans in rare cases. It has also been recovered from pigs.

Eurasian otter
The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), also known as the European otter, Eurasian river otter, European river otter, common otter, and Old World otter, is a semiaquatic mammal native to Eurasia and the Maghreb. it is the most widely distributed member of the otter subfamily (Lutrinae) of the weasel family (Mustelidae) and is found in the waterways and on the coasts of Europe, much of Asia, and parts of North Africa. The Eurasian otter eats mainly of fish, and is strongly territorial. It is endangered in some parts of its range, but is recovering in others.
Hosmer Dairy Farm Historic District
Hosmer Dairy Farm Historic District, also known as Walnut Springs Farm, is a historic dairy farm and national historic district located near Marshfield, Missouri, United States. The district contains two contributing buildings: a dairy barn (c. 1900) with two attached silos and horse barn (c. 1900).  The dairy barn is a frame bank barn on a limestone block foundation.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Dairy
A dairy is a place where milk is stored and where butter, cheese, and other dairy products are made, or a place where those products are sold.: 325 : 284  It may be a room, a building, or a larger establishment.: 284  In the United States, the word may also describe a dairy farm or the part of a mixed farm dedicated to milk for human consumption,: 284  whether from cows, buffaloes, goats, yaks, sheep, horses or camels.

The attributive dairy describes milk-based products, derivatives, and processes, and the animals and workers involved in their production, for example dairyman, dairymaid, dairy cattle or dairy goat. A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These establishments constitute the global dairy industry, part of the food industry.

The word dairy comes from an Old English word for female servant, as milking was historically done by dairymaids.
Manitoba Lotteries Men's Curling Classic
The Manitoba Lotteries Men's Curling Classic was an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that took place at the Brandon Curling Club in Brandon, Manitoba. The tournament was held in a triple-knockout format. The tournament, started in 1998 as part of the World Curling Tour and was held until 2011. Curlers from Manitoba dominated the event.
The event was cancelled in 2012.

Brandon Curling Club
The Brandon Curling Club is a curling club located in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. The club is one of four in the city.

The club was founded in 1889-90 at the corner of Victoria Ave and 18th St in Downtown Brandon. The club was moved further south in 1953 to the Provincial Exhibition Grounds. Three years later, a fire destroyed the rink, but it as re-built by Fall 1956. Two years later, artificial ice was installed, before fire destroyed the rink once again in 1964. Four months after the fire, it was once again rebuilt. The club was re-located to a different site at the exhibition grounds in 1969-70.

The club was added to the Keystone Centre arena in 1992, becoming an 8 sheet club in the process.
Andrzej Kupczyk
Andrzej Kupczyk (born 26 October 1948) is a retired Polish runner who specialized in the 800 metres. In this event he finished sixth at the 1969 European Championships, and fifth at the 1970 European Indoor Championships, and won a bronze medal at the 1971 European Indoor Championships.

Nationally Kupczyk won the Polish titles in the 800 m in 1971 and 1973, and in the 1500 m in 1970. His best personal best time was 1:46.3 minutes, achieved in July 1972 at Bislett stadion. At the 1972 European Indoor Championships he won a bronze medal in 4×720 m relay, together with Zenon Szordykowski, Krzysztof Linkowski and Stanisław Waśkiewicz. He competed at the 1972 Olympic Games, finishing seventh in the 800 metres event.

He is the father of bobsledder Dawid Kupczyk.

Bislett Stadium
Bislett Stadium (Norwegian: Bislett stadion) is a sports stadium in Oslo, Norway. Bislett is Norway's most well known sports arena internationally, with 15 speed skating world records and more than 50 track and field world records having been set here. The original stadium was demolished in 2004 and construction of a new stadium was completed by the summer of 2005. The New Bislett Stadium was designed by C.F. Møller Architects.
Marathon Boy
The Marathon Boy or Ephebe of Marathon is a Greek bronze sculpture found in the Aegean Sea in the bay of Marathon in 1925.

The sculpture is conserved in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens where it is dated to around 340–330 BC. The Museum suggests that the subject is the winner of an athletic competition. With its soft musculature and exaggerated contrapposto, its style is associated with the school of Praxiteles. The upraised arm and the distribution of weight indicate that in his original context, this ephebe was leaning against a vertical support, such as a column.

Marathon, Greece
Marathon (Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, Marathónas; Attic/Katharevousa: Μαραθών, Marathṓn) is a town in Greece and the site of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians. Legend has it that Pheidippides, a Greek herald at the battle, was sent running from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory, which is how the marathon running race was conceived in modern times. Today it is part of East Attica regional unit, in the outskirts of Athens and a popular resort town and center of agriculture.
Savannah, North Carolina
Savannah is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, North Carolina, United States. Savannah is located along North Carolina Highway 116 and US 441, south of Dillsboro and southeast of Webster.   It has its own fire department, a community center, businesses lining US 441 and NC 116, and little else except homes.

U.S. Route 441
U.S. Route 441 (US 441) is a 939-mile-long (1,511 km) auxiliary route of U.S. Route 41. It extends from US 41 in Miami, Florida to US 25W in Rocky Top, Tennessee. Between its termini, US 441 travels through the states of Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. The highway acts as a connector between several major urban areas, including Miami, Orlando, Ocala, Gainesville, Athens, and Knoxville. It also crosses the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where it meets the southwestern end of the Blue Ridge Parkway, and where no trucks or other commercial traffic are allowed.
Civic Archaeological Museum of Ozieri
The Civic Archaeological Museum "Alle Clarisse" of Ozieri is one of the most important museums in Northern Sardinia. Since 2003 it has been transferred to the former Poor Clares' convent. Its showcases contain the most significant finds found in the municipal area of Ozieri: the materials on display date from prehistoric times to the Modern Age.

Sant'Antioco di Bisarcio
The Basilica di Sant'Antioco of Bisarcio is a countryside  church near Chilivani, a frazione of Ozieri, Sardinia, Italy. Located on an isolated volcanic hill, it is one  of the largest Romanesque churches in Sardinia.

A Catholic diocese with seat in Bisarcium, in what was then the giudicato of Torres (one of the four independent quasi-kingdoms in which Sardinia was divided) or Guisarchium is documented from 1065 to 1503, when it was annexed to that of Alghero. A first cathedral was built here in the late 11th century, but was later damaged by a fire, so that a document from 1139 suggests that the bishop had moved his seat to Ardara. The new cathedral was finished in 1174, when the two storey portico on the façade was completed. Today scanty remains of the medieval village of Bisarcio exist.
Mystery Files (Hong Kong TV series)
Mystery Files is a 1997 Hong Kong science fiction thriller television series produced by TVB and stars Gallen Lo as a biochemist who advocates scientific methods to refute superstitious theories, utilizing scientific theories to uncover the answers to a series of strange events.

Ruco Chan
Chan Chin-pang (Chinese: 陳展鵬; born 14 January 1977), better known as Ruco Chan, is a Hong Kong actor and singer.

Chan is the first TVB actor to win My Favourite TVB Actor at the StarHub TVB Awards for three consecutive years (2014, 2015, 2016), and is also the first actor to make two consecutive wins for Favourite TVB Actor at the TVB Star Awards Malaysia (2015, 2016). In 2016, Chan won the TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actor with his performance in the action drama A Fist Within Four Walls.
Shatman
Shatman (Persian: شتمان, also Romanized as Shātmān) is a village in Melkari Rural District, Vazineh District, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 6 families.

Central District (Mirabad County)
The Central District of Mirabad County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان میرآباد) is in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Mirabad.

In 2022, Vazineh District was separated from Sardasht County in the establishment of Mirabad County and renamed the Central District. The new county was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Mirabad as its capital and only city at the time.
WEPG
WEPG (104.9 FM and 910 AM, "104.9 The River") is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to South Pittsburg, Tennessee, United States.  The station is owned by Spencer Travis Hickman and features local programming and syndicated programming from ABC News Radio, Westwood One, and others. The station simulcasts on an FM translator at 104.9 mHz, which is also licensed to South Pittsburg, and located atop Sand Mountain in nearby Bryant, Alabama which offers a strong signal in the Sequatchie Valley from Scottsboro, Alabama in the South to Dunlap, Tennessee at the North end of the FM station's coverage.

Sand Mountain (Alabama)
Sand Mountain is a sandstone plateau in northeastern Alabama and (to a far lesser extent) northwestern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee where the plateau is known as Raccoon Mountain and Elder Mountain. It is part of the southern tip of the Appalachian mountain chain and it is the largest plateau in the chain. Geologically a continuation of Walden Ridge, Sand Mountain is part of the Cumberland Plateau, separated from the main portion of the plateau by the Tennessee River and Sequatchie Valley. The average elevation on Sand Mountain is around 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level, compared to about 650 feet (200 m) in the surrounding area. This elevation leads to its having the coolest climate in the state of Alabama.  The largest city on Sand Mountain is Albertville, in Marshall County. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 22,386.
Beh Kaleh
Beh Kaleh (Persian: به‌کله; also known as Behkolā) is a village in Birun Bashm Rural District, Kelardasht District, Chalus County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in 21 families.

Kelardasht County
Kelardasht County (Persian: شهرستان کلاردشت) is in Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Kelardasht. Kelardasht corresponds to historical Kelarestaq.

The county is bordered by Chalus County on the east, Tonekabon County on the west, Abbasabad County on the north, and Alborz province on the south.