hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ambergris Glacier
Ambergris Glacier (65°43′S 62°37′W﻿ / ﻿65.717°S 62.617°W﻿ / -65.717; -62.617) is a glacier flowing south-southeast from Mount Sara Teodora, between Chintulov Ridge and Valkosel Ridge, to join Flask Glacier just west of Fluke Ridge in Aristotle Mountains on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. One of several names in the area that reflect a whaling theme, it was named in 1987 by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee from the substance secreted by the sperm whale and used in perfumery.

Ambergris
Ambergris (/ˈæmbərɡriːs/ or /ˈæmbərɡrɪs/; Latin: ambra grisea; Old French: ambre gris), ambergrease, or grey amber is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales. Freshly produced ambergris has a marine, fecal odor. It acquires a sweet, earthy scent as it ages, commonly likened to the fragrance of isopropyl alcohol without the vaporous chemical astringency.

Ambergris has been highly valued by perfume makers as a fixative that allows the scent to last much longer, although it has been mostly replaced by synthetic ambroxide. It is sometimes used in cooking.

Dogs are attracted to the smell of ambergris and are sometimes used by ambergris searchers.
Santuari de Bellmunt
The Santuari de Bellmunt ('Sanctuary of Bellmunt') is a sanctuary in the municipality of Sant Pere de Torelló (Osona), which is located on top of the Serra of Bellmunt at 1246 m altitude. There is a viewpoint from where visitors can see the plain of Vic, the Pyrénées, the Ges Valley, and Bisaura. Along the sanctuary is a refuge and a restaurant, all built on the rock. It can be accessed on foot or by car from Sant Pere de Torelló, and from Vidrà only on foot. The image of the Lady of Bellmunt is a 22 cm painted statue of Alabaster.

Sanctuary
A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine, protected by ecclesiastical immunity. By the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety. This secondary use can be categorized into human sanctuary, a safe place for people, such as a political sanctuary; and non-human sanctuary, such as an animal or plant sanctuary.
Tuna Altınel
Tuna Altınel is a Turkish mathematician, born February 12, 1966, in Istanbul, who has worked at the University Lyon 1 in France since 1996. He is a specialist in group theory and mathematical logic. With Alexandre Borovik and Gregory Cherlin, he proved a major case of the Cherlin–Zilber conjecture.

Altınel is active in the Academics for Peace movement, which supports a peaceful resolution of the conflict in south-eastern Turkey, and calls for the human rights of the civilian population to be respected. Accused by the Turkish authorities of membership in a terrorist organization, Altınel has been imprisoned since May 11, 2019, at the Kepsut prison in Turkey.

Alexandre Borovik
Alexandre V. Borovik (born 1956) is a Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Manchester, United Kingdom. He was born in Russia and graduated from Novosibirsk State University in 1978.  His principal research lies in algebra, model theory, and combinatorics—topics on which he published several monographs and a number of papers. He also has an interest in mathematical practice: his book Mathematics under the Microscope: Notes on Cognitive Aspects of Mathematical Practice examines a mathematician's outlook on psychophysiological and cognitive issues in mathematics.
Calliope hummingbird
The calliope hummingbird (/kəˈlaɪ.əpi/ kə-LY-ə-pee; Selasphorus calliope) is the smallest bird native to the United States and Canada. It has a western breeding range mainly from California to British Columbia, and migrates to the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America for its wintering grounds. The calliope hummingbird is the smallest known long-distance bird migrant, completing  migrations twice per year of some 9,000 km (5,600 mi).

It was previously considered the only member of the genus Stellula (meaning little star), but research evidence suggests its existing placement in the genus Selasphorus. The bird was named after the Greek muse Calliope.

Alder
Alders are trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
Carl Hermann Ethé
Carl Hermann Ethé or Hermann Ethé  (1844–1917) was a German orientalist best known for his catalogues of Islamic manuscripts and his studies and German translations of Persian poetry.

He occupied the Professorship of German and  Oriental Languages at the University College of Wales in Aberystwyth until the start of the First World War. He married British national Harriet Dora Phillips in 1899. Harriet subsequently lost her British citizenship and they both became targets of Germanophobia during this period as they were both run out of town. The University College refused to sever ties with him, but under the mounting public pressure from the general public against his employer, Ethé agreed to retire from his chair.

Among his translations was the first portion of Qazwini's cosmography, The Wonders of Creation (German: Kazwînis Kosmographie: Die Wunder der Schöpfung), published 1868.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.
Call-progress tone
In telephony, call progress tones are audible tones that provide an indication of the status of a telephone call to the user.  The tones are generated by a central office or a private branch exchange (PBX) to the calling party.

Telecommunication equipment such as fax machines and modems are designed to recognize certain tones, such as dial tone and busy tone.

The ITU-T E.180 and E.182 recommendations define the technical characteristics and intended usage of some of these tones. ToneScript is a tone description format that may be used to specify the tone. Many European systems follow the recommendations of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
À la Mort Subite
À la Mort Subite (French, pronounced [a la mɔɾ sybitə], lit. 'At the Sudden Death') is a historic café located at Rue Montagne-aux-Herbes Potagères/Warmoesberg 5–7 in Brussels, Belgium. It is noted for its early 20th-century interior and for serving Mort Subite beers, now produced by the Heineken subsidiary Alken-Maes. The café was designated a protected heritage site in 1998. It has also appeared in popular culture, including scenes of the film The Danish Girl.

Ironwork
Ironwork is any weapon, artwork, utensil, or architectural feature made of iron, especially one used for decoration. There are two main types of ironwork: wrought iron and cast iron. While the use of iron dates as far back as 4000 BC, it was the Hittites who first knew how to extract it (see iron ore) and develop weapons. Use of iron was mainly utilitarian until the Middle Ages; it became widely used for decoration in the period between the 16th and 19th century.
Glenrothes with Thornton railway station
Glenrothes with Thornton railway station(Usually refeded to as Glenrothes) is located in Thornton in Fife, Scotland. It serves the communities of Thornton and Glenrothes. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Fife Circle Line, 31+1⁄4 miles (50.3 km) north of Edinburgh Waverley.

ScotRail
ScotRail Trains Limited, trading as ScotRail (Scottish Gaelic: Rèile na h-Alba), is a Scottish train operating company that is publicly owned by Scottish Rail Holdings on behalf of the Scottish Government. It has been operating the ScotRail franchise as an operator of last resort since 1 April 2022.
William Hatcher Davis
William Hatcher Davis (5 January 1939 – 13 May 2017)  was Professor of Philosophy at Auburn University, where he taught for 47 years and served as Chair of the Department of Philosophy. He was interested in the philosophy of religion, ethics, epistemology, and pragmatism. Among his publications are The Freewill Question (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971), Peirce's Epistemology (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1972), and "Why be Moral?" (Philosophical Inquiry 13(3–4): 1–21, 1991).

Davis had a B.A. and M.A. from Abilene Christian University and a Ph.D. from Rice University.

Philosophical Inquiry
Philosophical Inquiry is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles, reviews, and critical notes in all areas of philosophy. The journal aims to facilitate international communication of philosophical thought, and it does this by publishing submissions in English, German, or French from authors in several countries. Notable contributors include Gerard Casey, Theodoros Christidis, Alexander Nehamas, Vasiliki Karavakou, Fred Miller, Ron Polansky, Michael Polemis, and Nicholas Rescher. The journal is indexed in the International Philosophical Bibliography, The Philosopher's Index, and PhilPapers, and it has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. Philosophical Inquiry was established in 1978 by Prof. Dimitri Z. Andriopoulos and was published for many years in cooperation with the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. This journal is now published by the Philosophy Documentation Center.
Daanchhi
Danchhi is a part of Kageshwari-Manohara Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 11,246 and had 2,593 households in it. Danchhi is now included in Kageswori Manohara Municipality. 
Danchhi/Thali is bounded by Bagmati and Manohara river. The major places include Thali/थली, Nayapati, Bhadrawas, Hariyalinagar, Dumakhal, and Gajarkot. The major government schools are Shree Sahid Aadarsha Uchha MaVi, Shree Kanti Bhairab MaVi, and Shree Chaulanarayan PraVi. Private schools include Miniland English High School, Mount Everest Secondary School, Pragya Sadan School, Alpine Academy, and Hindu Vidhya Peeth.

Kathmandu valley outer ringroad will pass through this place.

Bagmati River
The Bagmati River flows through the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, separating the cities of Kathmandu and Patan, before flowing through Madesh Province of southern Nepal and joining the Kamla River in the Indian state of Bihar. It is considered holy by both Hindus and Buddhists. A number of Hindu temples are located on its banks.

The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on the banks of this holy river, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepalese Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation, so that the reincarnation cycle may be ended. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy river-water bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take a bath in the river or sprinkle holy water on their bodies at the end of the cremation. It is believed that the Bagmati River purifies people spiritually.
Rhea County Courthouse
The Rhea County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse in the center of Dayton, the county seat of Rhea County, Tennessee.  Built in 1891, it is famous as the scene of the Scopes trial of July 1925, in which teacher John T. Scopes faced charges for including Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in his public school lesson. The trial became a clash of titans between lawyers William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution and Clarence Darrow for the defense, and epitomizes the tension between fundamentalism and modernism in a wide range of aspects of American society.  The courthouse, now also housing a museum devoted to the trial, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.

Trial
In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes. One form of tribunal is a court. The tribunal, which may occur before a judge, jury, or other designated trier of fact, aims to achieve a resolution to their dispute.
Unfinished Supper
The Unfinished Supper (Russian: Незаконченный ужин, Latvian: Nepabeigtās vakariņas) is a 1979 Soviet police film about Martin Beck, directed by Jānis Streičs, based on the novel Murder at the Savoy (1970).

Jānis Streičs
Jānis Streičs (born 26 September 1936) is a Latvian film director.
Streičs' 1991 comedy film The Child of Man was runner-up for the Chicago International Children's Film Festival Rights of the Child Award in 1994. It had previously been Latvia's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 65th Academy Awards, but did not make the shortlist.

In 1978 Theater, in 1981 A Limousine the Colour of Midsummer's Eve and in 1991 The Child of Man received the Latvian Film Prize as the best film of the year.
Sterren Springen Op Zaterdag
Sterren Springen Op Zaterdag (Stars Jumping On Saturday) was a Dutch reality television series produced by Eyeworks  and broadcast on SBS6. It was the first show to use the Celebrity Splash! format created by the same company.

SBS6
SBS6 is a Dutch free-to-cable commercial TV channel and is a part of Talpa TV, formerly known as SBS Broadcasting B.V. and now owned by Talpa Network. Other channels of the group in the Netherlands are Net5, Veronica, and SBS9.
Seattle Cascades
The Seattle Cascades were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT). The team first played as the Hawaii Leis in the league's inaugural 1974 season, before becoming the Sea-Port Cascades for the 1977 season, when it played half its home matches in Seattle, Washington and the other half in Portland, Oregon. The team left Portland in 1978, and played nearly all its home matches in Seattle. The Cascades announced the team would fold following the 1978 season.

Tom Gorman (tennis)
Tom Gorman (born January 19, 1946) is a retired ATP tour American tennis player and coach. He won 7 singles and 9 doubles titles and reached semi-finals in the 3 of the 4 ATP tour grand slam events. His ATP ranking peaked at 8 in 1973.
Uruguayan presidential line of succession
The Uruguayan presidential line of succession is the set order in which officials of the Uruguayan government assume the office of head of state if the incumbent President of Uruguay becomes incapacitated, dies in office, resigns, or is removed from office. The line of succession is set out in Article 153 of the Uruguayan Constitution and follows the order of the Vice President and the Senator of the list most voted for of the political party by which they were elected.

Vice President of Uruguay
The vice president of Uruguay is the person with the second-highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The vice president replaces the elected President in case of death or absence. The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, president of the Chamber of Senators and the General Assembly.

The president and vice president run on a single ticket submitted by their party. A runoff is held between the top two candidates if no candidate obtains the majority of votes (50%+1). In this case, the candidate who receives a plurality in the runoff wins the election. The current Vice President is Carolina Cosse, who took office on March 1, 2025.
Englynion y Beddau
The Englynion y Beddau (English: The Stanzas or Verses of the Graves) is a Middle Welsh verse catalogue listing the resting places (beddau) of legendary heroes. It consists of a series of englynion, or short stanzas in quantitative meter, and survives in a number of manuscripts. The collection is thought to be considerably older than its earliest manuscript, the 13th-century Black Book of Carmarthen, and provides an important early glimpse at medieval Welsh heroic tradition and topographical folklore.

Middle Welsh
Middle Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg Canol, Middle Welsh: Kymraec) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed directly from Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg).
Aiton (surname)
Aiton is a surname of Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

George Aiton, Major League Baseball player

John Aiton, Scottish religious writer

Paul Aiton, Papua New Guinean rugby league player

William Aiton (1731–1793), Scottish botanist for whom the standard author abbreviation "Aiton" is used when citing a botanical name

William Townsend Aiton (1766–1849), Scottish botanist; William Aiton's son

William Aiton (sheriff), Scottish law agent

John Aiton
John Aiton D.D. (June 1797 – 1863) was a Scottish religious writer.

He was the youngest son of William Aiton, a sheriff-substitute of Lanarkshire, and was born at Strathaven, June 1797. He published, in 1824, ‘A Refutation of Mr. Robert Owen's Objections to Christianity.’ For this pamphlet he was presented by the then Lord Douglas to the benefice of Dolphinton, South Lanarkshire. His other works are: 1. ‘The Life and Times of Alexander Henderson,’ Edin. 1836. 2. ‘Clerical Economics,’ Edin. 1842. 3. ‘Eight Weeks in Germany,’ Edin. 1842. 4. ‘The Lands of the Messiah, Mahomet, and the Pope,’ Edin. 1852. 5. ‘The Drying-up of the Euphrates,’ London, 1853. 6. ‘St. Paul and his localities in their past and present condition,’ London, 1856. He held his living till his death in 1863.
Velveting
Velveting is a technique in Chinese cuisine for preserving the moisture of meat while cooking. Additionally, it provides a soft or "velvety" texture to the meat of any entrée.

Raw meat is coated in corn starch (and often egg white) and then par-cooked by briefly frying or blanching to set the coating. Shaoxing wine and soy sauce are often added for flavor. The meat can then be sautéed, stir-fried, deep-fried, simmered, or boiled. During cooking, the velveting mixture insulates the meat fibres from heat, preventing them from seizing, resulting in more tender meat. The starch also absorbs any moisture expelled from the cooking meat.

Velveting is often preceded by or combined with a tenderizing step using baking soda or papain.

Shaoxing wine
Shaoxing wine (alternatively spelled Shaohsing, Hsiaohsing, or Shaoshing) is a variety of Chinese Huangjiu ("yellow wine") made by fermenting glutinous rice, water, and wheat-based yeast.

It is produced in Shaoxing, in the Zhejiang province of eastern China, and is widely used as both a beverage and a cooking wine in Chinese cuisine. It is internationally well known and renowned throughout mainland China, as well as in Taiwan and Southeast Asia.

The content of peptides in Shaoxing wine is high; however, their potential taste properties have not yet been studied.
Tapan Sarkar
Tapan Kumar Sarkar (August 2, 1948 – March 12, 2021) was an Indian-American electrical engineer and professor emeritus at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Syracuse University. He was best known for his contributions to computational electromagnetics and antenna theory.

Sarkar was the recipient of IEEE Electromagnetics Award in 2020.

Artech House
Artech House (a.k.a. Artech House Publishers) is an American book publisher of professional scientific and engineering books. It is located in Norwood, Massachusetts, United States and has its European office in London, United Kingdom.

Artech House is a subsidiary of Horizon House Publications, Inc.
Stone Fruit
Stone Fruit is a graphic novel by Lee Lai, published May 11, 2021 by Fantagraphics.

In 2022, the book won the Lambda Literary Award for Graphic Novel/Comics, was a Barbara Gittings Literature Award honor book, and a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Graphic Novel/Comics.

Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Graphic Novel/Comics
The Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Graphic Novel/Comics, established in 2009, is a category of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. Works are eligible during the year of their first US publication in English, though they may be written originally in languages other than English.

The Graphic Novel/Comics category was officially added to the awards roster for the 2009 cycle, reflecting the growing literary recognition of the medium. The inaugural winner in this category was David Mazzucchelli for his work, Asterios Polyp.

This prize is distinct in its eligibility criteria, often accepting books originally published in languages other than English, provided the US publication in English occurs within the eligibility year.
One Oak, Frognal
One Oak at 16 Redington Road in the Frognal area of Hampstead, London NW3, is a detached house built in 1889 by the architect Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo. The house has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since January 1999.

The house was designed by Mackmurdo for a Mrs Geddes in 1889, it was subsequently occupied by the sculptor Hamo Thornycroft and by the engineer Owen Williams. A wing and separate studio were added to the house by Maxwell Ayrton in 1927 for Williams. The interior of the house contains many decorative features designed by Mackmurdo including decorated skirting boards, doorways, cornices and fireplaces. The house is ordered into six bays with tall sash windows, surmounted by a mansard roof.

Bridget Cherry, writing in the 1998 London: North edition of the Pevsner Architectural Guides, described the 'simplicity' of One Oak as 'forward looking for its date'.

Hamo Thornycroft
Sir William Hamo Thornycroft RA (9 March 1850 – 18 December 1925) was an English sculptor, responsible for some of London's best-known statues, including the statue of Oliver Cromwell outside the Palace of Westminster. He was a keen student of classical sculpture and was one of the youngest artists to be elected to the Royal Academy, in 1882, the same year the bronze cast of Teucer was purchased for the British nation under the auspices of the Chantrey Bequest.

He was a leading figure in the establishment of the New Sculpture movement, which provided a transition between the neoclassical styles of the 19th century and later modernist developments.