hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ross Newhan
Ross Newhan (born April 5, 1937) is an American former sports writer, best known as a columnist for the Long Beach Press-Telegram and baseball writer for the Los Angeles Times. He began his career in 1961 and retired in 2004.

Newhan garnered the 1997 Associated Press Sports Editors Award for his story on the sale of the Los Angeles Dodgers. In 1998, he was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Newhan was the 2000 recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award, given annually by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). He co-authored the book  Coaching Baseball Successfully.

His son, David Newhan, is a former Major League Baseball player and coach.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
2004 Arizona Senate election
The 2004 Arizona Senate election was held on November 2, 2004. Voters elected members of the Arizona Senate in all 30 of the state's legislative districts to serve a two-year term. Primary elections were held on September 7, 2004.

Prior to the elections, the Republicans held a majority of 17 seats over the Democrats' 13 seats.

Following the election, Republicans maintained control of the chamber with 18 Republicans to 12 Democrats, a net gain of one seat for Republicans.

The newly elected senators served in the 47th Arizona State Legislature.

47th Arizona State Legislature
The 47th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2006, during the second two years of Janet Napolitano's first term in office. Both the Senate and the House membership remained constant at 30 and 60, respectively. The Republicans gained a seat in the Senate, giving them an 18–12 majority. The Republicans maintained their majority in the lower chamber, 39–21, while the Democrats picked up the sole seat held by an Independent.
ISIGN Media
iSIGN Media (iSIGN) is a proximity marketing company headquartered in Richmond Hill, Ontario, with R&D and customer support operations in Vancouver, British Columbia and Tampa, Florida. The company uses Bluetooth, mobile, WiFi and location-aware technologies to deliver rich-media, permission-based messages at designated locations or at events, such as Super Bowl XLVII. The company installs smart antenna technology to enable customers to deliver commercial offers while protecting consumer privacy.

Smart antenna
Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. Smart antennas should not be confused with reconfigurable antennas, which have similar capabilities but are single element antennas and not antenna arrays.

Smart antenna techniques are used notably in acoustic signal processing, track and scan radar, radio astronomy and radio telescopes, and mostly in cellular systems like W-CDMA, UMTS, and LTE and 5G-NR.

Smart antennas have many functions: DOA estimation, beamforming, interference nulling, and constant modulus preservation.
Lázně Bludov
Lázně Bludov or Bludovské lázně is a spa situated in Bludov, Czech Republic. Strongly alkaline hypotonic thermal mineral water containing sulphates, chlorides and sodium is used for curing child obesity, kidney, urinary tract and musculoskeletal diseases, and respiratory problems.

Mineral water
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. It is usually still, but may be sparkling (carbonated/effervescent).

Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure", at places such as spas, baths and wells.

Today, it is far more common for mineral water to be bottled at the source for distributed consumption. Travelling to the mineral water site for direct access to the water is now uncommon, and in many cases not possible because of exclusive commercial ownership rights. More than 4,000 brands of mineral water are commercially available worldwide.

In many places the term "mineral water" is colloquially used to mean any bottled carbonated water or soda water, as opposed to tap water.
All Platinum Records
All Platinum Records was a record company started in 1967 by singer/writer/producer Sylvia Robinson and her husband, businessman Joe Robinson, who had previously worked in the recording industry.

All Platinum and its subsidiary labels, including Stang, Vibration, Turbo and Astroscope, specialized in soul and R&B music. Many of the company's releases were recorded at its Soul Sound Studios, using the company's in-house musicians, at its Englewood, New Jersey base. The company released four singles that reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart but failed to top the Hot 100 pop chart.

The Whatnauts
The Whatnauts were an American soul group from Baltimore, Maryland, founded in 1969. George Kerr produced them. The group had several hit singles in the early 1970s, including the socially conscious single "Message from a Black Man" in 1970 on A&I International, "Please Make the Love Go Away" also in 1970 on Stang, and their biggest success "I'll Erase Away Your Pain" in 1971. They performed with fellow Stang artists the Moments for the hit single "Girls" in 1974.
Khamas (raga)
Khamas or Kamās/ Khamās /Khamāch/ Khamāj / Kamāchi  (கமாச்) (ఖమాస్/కమాచి) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale.

It is a scale that evokes Shringara rasa. It is suitable for javali type compositions.

Melakarta
Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). Mēḷakartā ragas are parent ragas (hence known as janaka ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter usage is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta (take the raga Bhairavi, for example).

In Hindustani music the thaat is the rough equivalent of Melakartā. There are 10 thaats in Hindustani music, though the commonly accepted melakarta scheme has 72 ragas.
Douglas Township, Iowa
Douglas Township, Iowa can refer to one of the following townships in Iowa:

Douglas Township, Adams County

Douglas Township, Appanoose County

Douglas Township, Audubon County

Douglas Township, Boone County

Douglas Township, Bremer County

Douglas Township, Clay County

Douglas Township, Harrison County

Douglas Township, Ida County

Douglas Township, Madison County

Douglas Township, Mitchell County

Douglas Township, Montgomery County

Douglas Township, Page County

Douglas Township, Polk County

Douglas Township, Sac County

Douglas Township, Shelby County

Douglas Township, Union County

Douglas Township, Webster County

Montgomery County, Iowa
Montgomery County is a county located in the southwestern area of the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 10,330, and was estimated to be 10,063 in 2024. Its population has declined since a peak in 1900, since urbanization and decline of family farms. The county seat is Red Oak. The county was founded by European-American migrants from eastern areas in 1851. It was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while trying to capture Quebec City, Canada.

The county has been largely rural and devoted to agriculture. The county was first surveyed in 1852. It is famous as the location of the unsolved Villisca axe murders committed in 1912. Clyde Cessna, the founder of the Cessna Aircraft Company was born here.
Hamed al-Nazir
Hamed al-Nazir (Arabic: حامد الناظر; born 1975), also spelled Hamid el-Nazir, is a Sudanese journalist and novelist.

al-Nazir graduated from Omdurman Ahlia University with a bachelor's degree in Business Management. He has since worked as a broadcaster for the Sudanese Al-Shorouk channel, a news reporter for the MBC channel from Sudan, and a commentator for the Sudanese Blue Nile Channel and Sudanese Radio. He currently works for Alaraby TV as News Presenter. He was working for Qatar TV.

al-Nazir has published four acclaimed novels in Arabic. Several of his novels have been longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction. An excerpt in English translation of his novel The Waterman's Prophecy was included in Banipal magazine's spring issue on Sudanese Literature Today in 2016.

MBC Group
MBC Group is a Saudi media conglomerate and the leading media group in the Middle East and North Africa, widely described as the region’s largest broadcaster. It was launched in 1991 by Saudi businessman Waleed bin Ibrahim, who serves as its chairman. The group is majority owned by the State Public Investment Fund.
Sheldon Peck
Sheldon Peck (August 26, 1797 – March 19, 1868) was an American folk artist, conductor on the Underground Railroad, and social activist. Peck's portraiture – with its distinctive style – is a prime example of 19th century American folk art. He also become known for advocating abolitionism, racial equality, temperance, public education, women's rights, and pacifism.

Racial equality
Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner. Racial equality occurs when institutions give individuals legal, moral, and political rights. In present-day Western society, equality among races continues to become normative. Prior to the early 1960s, attaining equality was difficult for African, Asian, and Indigenous people. However, in more recent years, legislation is being passed ensuring that all individuals receive equal opportunities in treatment, education, employment, and other areas of life. Racial equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on race or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for races, also called substantive equality.
Mount Merrick (Antarctica)
Mount Merrick is a mountain, 1,120 metres (3,670 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of Mount Humble in the Raggatt Mountains of Antarctica. It is about 20 nautical miles (37 km) south-east of Casey Bay in Enderby Land. The mountain was plotted from air photos taken by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1956 and 1957, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Robert William Merrick, a geophysicist at Mawson Station in 1960.

Casey Bay
Casey Bay is a large Antarctic bay indenting the coast of Enderby Land between Tange Promontory and Dingle Dome. The feature was observed from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956. It was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for the Rt. Hon. Richard G. Casey (later Lord Casey), Australian Minister for External Affairs, 1951–60.
Immer heiterer
Immer heiterer ('More and More Cheerful') op. 235 is a waltz written by Johann Strauss II in 1860 for the Vienna Carnival Fasching. The waltz was marked as "im ländlerstil" which meant that it was to be performed in the same style as the ländler.

The work was first performed at the genial 'Strauss Ball' in the famous 'Sperl' ballroom in Vienna's Leopoldstadt and was popular when first performed although its 'twin' work, which is the compelling Accelerationen op. 234 won much acclaim.

The most significant   section of the waltz can be heard in the coda (tail-piece) where Strauss called for the members of the orchestra to give a chorus of laughter in spirit of the work.

Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria
A variety of customs and traditions are associated with Carnival celebrations in the German-speaking countries of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. They can vary considerably from country to country, but also from one small region to another. This is reflected in the various names given to these festivities occurring before Lent.
Iván Calderón
Iván Calderón can refer to:

Iván Calderón (baseball) (1962–2003), Puerto Rican baseball player and murder victim

Iván Calderón (boxer) (born 1975), Puerto Rican Olympic boxer and professional boxing champion

Iván Calderón (boxer)
Iván Calderón Marrero (born January 27, 1975) is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer who competed from 2001 to 2012. He is a two-weight world champion, having held the WBO mini flyweight title from 2003 to 2007 (making eleven successful defenses and being recognized as super champion by the organization), and the WBO,  Ring magazine, and lineal light flyweight titles from 2007 to 2010 (making six successful defenses). Additionally, his August 2010 bout against Giovani Segura was named fight of the year by  Ring magazine. As an amateur Calderón represented Puerto Rico in international competitions, including the 2000 Olympics.

Calderon was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2024 along such other notables as Michael Moorer, Diego Corrales, Ana Maria Torres, Ricky Hatton and Nick Charles.
Katie Shanahan (TV presenter)
Katie Shanahan (born 20 December 1991) is an English television and radio sports presenter and former field hockey player. She has worked with major UK broadcasters including Sky Sports, BBC Sport, ITV Sport, Channel 5 and talkSPORT.

BBC Sport
BBC Sport is the sports division of the BBC, providing national sports coverage for BBC television, radio and online. The BBC holds the television and radio UK broadcasting rights to several sports, broadcasting the sport live or alongside flagship analysis programmes such as Match of the Day, Test Match Special, Ski Sunday and Today at Wimbledon. Results, analysis and coverage is also added to the BBC Sport website and through the BBC Red Button interactive television service.
1980s in Hong Kong
1980s in Hong Kong marks a period when the territory was known for its wealth and trademark lifestyle. It remained a colony at the beginning of the decade in 1980, and transitioned into a dependent territory of the United Kingdom in 1981, becoming among its last significant colonial territories, also being the richest out of all British dependent territories at the time and most populated with over 5 million people. During this period, Hong Kong would be recognised internationally for its politics, entertainment and skyrocketing real estate prices. It would also go on to be the subject of intense negotiations between Britain and China, which would be resolved in the Sino-British Joint Declaration.

One country, two systems
"One country, two systems" (1C2S) is a constitutional principle of the People's Republic of China (PRC) describing the governance of the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

Deng Xiaoping developed the one country, two systems concept. This constitutional principle was formulated in the early 1980s during negotiations over Hong Kong between China and the United Kingdom. It provided that there would be only one China, but that each region would retain its own economic and administrative system. Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own governmental system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including trade relations with foreign countries, all of which are independent from those of the mainland. The PRC has also proposed to apply the principle toward unification with Taiwan; however, Taiwan has consistently rejected the proposal.
2002–03 National Football League (India)
The 2002–03 Indian National Football League, also known as the Oil PSU National Football League for sponsorship reasons, was the seventh season of National Football League, the top Indian league for association football clubs, since its inception in 1996. The season began on 17 November 2002 and concluded on 28 April 2003. East Bengal won the title, their second, with a game to spare.

National Football League (India)
The National Football League (NFL) was the men's highest level of the Indian football league system from 1996 to 2007. Founded by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) in 1996, the NFL was the first football league in India to be organized on a national scale. The AIFF then added a second division in 1997 and a third division was soon added by the governing body in 2006. The NFL was eventually replaced by the I-League for the 2007–08 season in order to professionalize the sport in India.

As well as league competition, clubs in the NFL would also participate in the main domestic cup competition, the Federation Cup. The NFL champions would also participate in the Indian Super Cup against the Federation Cup champion. NFL players could also participate in the state-based Santosh Trophy competition.
Mike Dred
Michael Cullen (born 1967 near Lowestoft, England), aka Mike Dred, is a British experimental techno DJ, producer, and sound engineer, best known for his work in acid techno, and his use of the Roland TB-303.

He is also known as the Kosmik Kommando, Chimera, and Judge Dred. He released his first record through Rephlex Records, and his third release, Kosmik Kommando EP, was given the catalogue number CAT007 because of his interest in James Bond. He also was a member of the Universal Indicator group, who released several techno recordings under Rephlex

Mike Dred established the Machine Codes record label in 1990, and also recorded for R&S Records and R&S Records offshoot Diatomyc from 1992 to 1997. From 1994 to 1999, he collaborated extensively with electro-acoustic artist Peter Green and also produced a one-off collaboration with techno producer Dr. Fernando. In 2012, he recorded the Overmind LP for De:Tuned in Antwerp and has contributed to both  De:Tuned Box Set compilations.

Roland TB-303
The Roland TB-303 Bass Line (also known as the 303) is a bass synthesizer released by Roland Corporation in 1981. Designed to simulate bass guitars, it was a commercial failure and was discontinued in 1984. However, cheap second-hand units were adopted by electronic musicians, and its "squelching" or "chirping" sound became a foundation of electronic dance music genres such as acid house, Chicago house and techno. It has inspired numerous clones.
Kasarpal
Kasarpal is a town in the Bicholim region of Goa, which is in the North Goa district. It is about 14 km from the town of Mapusa.

The original name of the village is mentioned as Pallika in a Copper-plate inscription dated 1436 AD, which is in the possession of the Archaeology department of Goa. The name of the village is said to have derived from Sanskrit Kasara which means a pond, and Pallika  meaning a village. Alternatively, it is also possible that the village was known as Kasarpal  because it was a village where trade of coppersmiths once flourished. The village was later gifted to a certain Shreshthi (head of a trade guild) by a Brahmin minister named Nagadeva. Kasarpal is the site of the 800-year-old Shri Kalikadevi Temple. The village also houses shrines dedicated to Mahadev and Bhumika.

Indian copper plate inscriptions
Indian copper plate inscriptions are legal records engraved on copper plates. The practice was widespread and long-running in the Indian subcontinent; it may date back to as early as the 3rd millennium BCE, however the vast majority of recovered plates were produced in the 1st millennium CE. The plates were legal documents which registered and recorded an act of endowment, i.e. a grant or donation, typically of land or concessions. The plate contained bureaucratic information on land tenure and taxation essential to the operation of the state.

The copper plates can survive intact indefinitely: copper, being a non-ferrous metal, does not rust or otherwise deteriorate when exposed to oxygen the way iron does, but rather develops a protective patina.
Potamonautidae
Potamonautidae is a family of freshwater crabs endemic to Africa, including the islands of Madagascar, the Seychelles, Zanzibar, Mafia, Pemba, Bioko, São Tomé, Príncipe and Sherbro Island. Fossil remains dating from the Late Miocene period have been attributed to the family Potamonautidae.

It comprises the following subfamilies and genera:

Príncipe
Príncipe (/ˈprɪnsɪpə, -peɪ/; Portuguese: [ˈpɾĩsɨpɨ]) is the smaller, northern major island of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. It has an area of 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi) (including offshore islets) and a population of 7,324 at the 2012 Census; the latest official estimate (at May 2018) was 8,420. The island is a heavily eroded volcano speculated to be over three million years old, surrounded by smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Part of the Cameroon Line archipelago, Príncipe rises in the south to 947 metres at Pico do Príncipe. The island is the main constituent of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe, established in 1995, and of the coterminous district of Pagué.
Isosceles trapezoid
In Euclidean geometry, an isosceles trapezoid is a convex quadrilateral with a line of symmetry bisecting one pair of opposite sides. It is a special case of a trapezoid. Alternatively, it can be defined as a trapezoid in which both legs and both base angles are of equal measure, or as a trapezoid whose diagonals have equal length. Note that a non-rectangular parallelogram is not an isosceles trapezoid because of the second condition, or because it has no line of symmetry. In any isosceles trapezoid, two opposite sides (the bases) are parallel, and the two other sides (the legs) are of equal length (properties shared with the parallelogram), and the diagonals have equal length. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are equal in measure (there are in fact two pairs of equal base angles, where one base angle is the supplementary angle of a base angle at the other base).

Parallel (geometry)
In geometry, parallel lines are coplanar infinite straight lines that do not intersect at any point. Parallel planes are infinite flat planes in the same three-dimensional space that never meet. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, a line and a plane that do not share a point are also said to be parallel. However, two noncoplanar lines are called skew lines. Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length).

Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
In some other geometries, such as hyperbolic geometry, lines can have analogous properties that are referred to as parallelism.
The concept can also be generalized to non-straight parallel curves and non-flat parallel surfaces, which keep a fixed minimum distance and do not touch each other or intersect.