hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Gaulton Castle
North Gaulton Castle is a sea stack off the western coast off the Orkney main island.  It is formed from the red sandstone of the area and is about 165 feet high.  It was climbed in 2017 by four climbers using a Tyrolean traverse.

Mainland, Orkney
The Mainland, also known as Pomona, is the main island of Orkney, Scotland. Both of Orkney's burghs, Kirkwall and Stromness, lie on the island, which is also the heart of Orkney's ferry and air connections.

Seventy-five per cent of Orkney's population live on the island, which is more densely populated than the other islands of the archipelago. The lengthy history of the island's occupation has provided numerous important archaeological sites and the sandstone bedrock provides a platform for fertile farmland. There is an abundance of wildlife, especially seabirds.
Clement Markert
Clement Lawrence Markert (April 11, 1917 – October 1, 1999) was an American biologist credited with the discovery of isozymes (different forms of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction).  He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and served as president of several biology societies.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Shi Xie
Shi Xie (pronunciationⓘ) (137–226), courtesy name Weiyan, also rendered as Sĩ Nhiếp in Vietnamese, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. He served as the Administrator of Jaozhi Commandery in present-day northern Vietnam. The third-century historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) is a major source of Chinese traditions concerning Shi Xie's life. He promoted Buddhism throughout his life. After his death, the Vietnamese attached many legends to him and honoured him as Sĩ Vương (King Sĩ, 士王) in some temples.

Records of the Three Kingdoms
The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (c. 184 – 220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). It is regarded as to be the authoritative source text for these periods. Compiled following the reunification of China under the Jin dynasty (266–420), the work chronicles the political, social, and military events within rival states Cao Wei, Shu Han and Eastern Wu into a single text organized by individual biography.

The Records are the primary source of information for the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, considered to be one of the four classic novels emblematic of written vernacular Chinese.

While large subsections of the work have been selected and translated into English, the entire corpus has yet to receive an unabridged English translation.
HMS Broke
Three vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Broke, (pronounced brook) after Admiral Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke of HMS Shannon:

Broke was a cutter hired by the Royal Navy in 1814.

HMS Broke (1914), a Faulknor-class flotilla leader launched in May 1914 at J. Samuel White, Cowes. Originally ordered by the Chilean Navy as Almirante Uribe, the vessel was transferred to the Royal Navy on the outbreak of the First World War before completion. She was returned to the Chilean Navy in 1920.

HMS Broke (D83), a Thornycroft type leader built by J I Thornycroft, Woolston. She saw service in World War II and was sunk by gunfire on 8 November 1942 during Operation Terminal after cutting the boom and landing troops directly onto the pier at Algiers.

Operation Terminal
Operation Terminal was an Allied operation during World War II. Part of Operation Torch (the Allied invasion of French North Africa, 8 November 1942) it involved a direct landing of infantry into the Vichy French port of Algiers with the intention of capturing the port facilities before they could be destroyed.
Osayi Alile
Osayi Alile is a Nigerian entrepreneur, an executive human development officer, a core professional and published columnist. In the course of her work in various roles, she has been active in entrepreneurship, education, youth development, and public leadership. She currently serves as the chief executive officer of the Aspire Coronation Trust Foundation, also known as ACT Foundation, and the co-administrator of CACOVID. Osayi is a member of the African Leadership Network, The Future Awards Africa, and was the CSR Consultant at Access Bank Plc.

Access Bank plc
Access Bank Plc, commonly known as Access Bank, is a Nigerian multinational commercial bank, owned by Access Bank Group. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the national banking regulator.

Originally a corporate bank, they expanded into personal and business banking in 2012. Access Bank and Diamond Bank merged on 1 April 2019. In conclusion of its merger with Diamond Bank, Access Bank unveiled its new logo, signalling the commencement of a new enlarged banking entity. The bank employs more than 28,000 people in 2021.

After the merger, with more than 52 million customers, Access Bank became the largest bank in Africa by customer base, and the largest bank in Nigeria by assets.
Leptomonas
Leptomonas is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to family Trypanosomatidae and subfamily Leishmaniinae sensu Maslov & Lukeš 2012. It is a monoxenous parasite of mainly Hemiptera, Diptera, and Siphonaptera insects.

In addition to Leptomonas, one-host trypanosomatids from insects have been traditionally placed in genera Crithidia, Blastocrithidia, Herpetomonas, Rhynchoidomonas, and  Wallaceina.

Monoxenous development
Monoxenous development, or monoxeny, characterizes a parasite whose development is restricted to a single host species.

The etymology of the terms monoxeny / monoxenous derives from the two ancient Greek words μόνος (mónos), meaning "unique", and ξένος (xénos), meaning "foreign".

In a monoxenous life cycle, the parasitic species may be strictly host specific (using only a single host species, such as gregarines) or not (e.g. Eimeria, Coccidia).
Warwickshire County Cricket Club in 2013
The 2013 season was the 132nd year in the history of Warwickshire County Cricket Club and their 119th as a first-class county. In 2013, Warwickshire competed in the first division of the County Championship, Group B of the Yorkshire Bank 40 and the Midland/Wales/West Division of the Friends Life t20.

2013 County Championship
The 2013 County Championship season, known as the LV= County Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the 114th cricket County Championship season. It was contested through two divisions: Division One and Division Two. Each team played all the others in their division both home and away. Durham were County Champions for the third time in six seasons. The top two teams from Division Two, Lancashire and Northamptonshire, gained promotion to the first division for the 2014 season, while the bottom two sides from Division One—Derbyshire and Surrey—were relegated to Division Two for 2014.
Hadiza Bawa-Garba case
Jack Adcock, a 6-year-old child, was admitted to Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRI) on 18 February 2011. He died later that day, in part because of failings in his treatment.

Dr. Hadiza Bawa-Garba, the junior doctor who treated him (under the supervision of duty consultant Dr Stephen O'Riordan) and a nurse, Isabel Amaro, were subsequently found guilty of manslaughter on the grounds of gross negligence. Both were subsequently struck off their respective professional registers, although Bawa-Garba had that decision overturned at appeal.

There is an ongoing debate about the judgements against Bawa-Garba, partly around Bawa-Garba's personal culpability versus a context of systemic failures, and partly around the possible use of her reflective notes about her own practice as evidence.

General Medical Council
The General Medical Council (GMC) is a public body that maintains the official register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom. Its chief responsibility is to "protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public" by controlling entry to the register, and suspending or removing members when necessary. It also sets the standards for medical schools in the UK. Membership of the register confers substantial privileges under Part VI of the Medical Act 1983. It is a criminal offence to make a false claim of membership. The GMC is supported by fees paid by its members, and it became a registered charity in 2001.
Chilean submarine Simpson (1982)
Simpson (SS-21) is a Type 209 submarine, 1400-l variant and referred to as the Thomson class. The boat was  built for the Chilean Navy by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft  shipyards in Kiel, Germany.

Simpson is the first of two units, ahead of Thomson. It is currently serving in the Submarine Force with a base port in Talcahuano. Between 2009 and 2012, it underwent a systems modernisation.

Talcahuano
Talcahuano (Spanish pronunciation: [talkaˈ(ɣ)wano]) (From Mapudungun Tralkawenu, "Thundering Sky") is a port city and commune in the Biobío Region of Chile. It is part of the Greater Concepción conurbation. Talcahuano is located in the south of the Central Zone of Chile.
Tuscola Township, Michigan
Tuscola Township (/ˈtʌs.koʊlə/ tuss-KOH-lə) is a civil township of Tuscola County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,978 at the 2020 census.

The city of Vassar is to the northeast and incorporates some land from the survey township that forms the basis for the present civil township.

Survey township
A survey township, sometimes called a Congressional township or just township, as used by the United States Public Land Survey System and by Canada's Dominion Land Survey is a nominally-square area of land that is nominally six survey miles (about 9.66 km) on a side. Each 36-square-mile (about 93.2 km2) township is divided into 36 sections of one square mile (640 acres, roughly 2.6 km2) each. The sections can be further subdivided for sale.

The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a principal meridian (north-south) and a base line (east-west). For example, Township 2 North, Range 4 East is the 4th township east of the principal meridian and the 2nd township north of the base line.
Ulmus americana 'Littleford'
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Littleford' was cloned from a tree in Hinsdale, Illinois, circa 1915 by Littleford Nurseries of Downers Grove, Illinois, and first released in 1927. It was marketed in the 1930s by nearby Hinsdale Nurseries, successor to Littleford Nurseries, as 'Littlefordii'. In their 1925 catalogue Littleford Nurseries had written of their selection: "The growing of the American elm is a specialty with us; we consider it the leading shade and ornamental tree. Our trees are a selected strain of the V-shaped type, a stock of 15 to 20 thousand, all 2 ins. and up in size, transplanted twice and in splendid vigor for planting".

Downers Grove, Illinois
Downers Grove is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1832 by Pierce Downer, whose surname serves as the eponym for the village. Per the 2020 census, the population of the village was 50,248. It is a south-western suburb of Chicago located between I-88 and I-55.
Rocket Power
Rocket Power is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky and Gábor Csupó and produced by Klasky Csupo and Nickelodeon Animation Studio for Nickelodeon. The show centers on the daily lives of Otto, Reggie, Twister and Sam, four pre-adolescent children with an interest in extreme sports such as skateboarding and surfing while also getting into various situations.

The series aired on Nickelodeon from August 16, 1999 to July 30, 2004.

Extreme sport
Action sports, adventure sports or extreme sports are activities perceived as involving a high degree of risk of injury or death. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion and highly specialized gear. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the same main attraction, "adrenaline rush" caused by an element of risk, and differ mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism.
Marko Simonović (basketball, born 1986)
Marko Simonović (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Симоновић, born 30 May 1986) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former professional basketball player who is the current head coach for SPD Radnički of the Basketball League of Serbia (KLS). As a player, he represented the senior Serbian national basketball team internationally. Standing at 2.03 m (6 ft 8 in), he played at the small forward position.

Basketball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's basketball tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, began on 6 August and ended on 21 August. The gold medal game in this discipline was the final competitive event before the Closing Ceremony. The United States won their fifteenth gold medal, after defeating Serbia, 96–66, in the gold medal match, which was the largest margin of victory in a gold medal game since the 1992 Summer Olympics. Spain won the bronze medal, after an 89–88 win over Australia. The medals were presented by Patrick Baumann of Switzerland, Dr. René Fasel of Switzerland, Kirsty Coventry of Zimbabwe, and members of the International Olympic Committee, while the gifts were presented by Horacio Muratore, the President of FIBA, Hamine Niang, the first vice-president of FIBA, and Jerry Colangelo, the chairman of USA Basketball.
Think Like a Man Too (soundtrack)
Think Like a Man Too is the first soundtrack album by American singer Mary J. Blige. It serves as the soundtrack from the romantic comedy film of the same name (2014). The album was released on June 17, 2014, by Epic Records. It features guest appearances from The-Dream and Pharrell Williams, while production was handled by Rodney Jerkins, The-Dream, Tricky Stewart, Williams, Pop & Oak, Jerry Duplessis, Darhyl "Hey DJ" Camper, Mark J. Feist, and Ronald "Flippa" Colson, among others.

The album earned largely mixed reviews from musics critics, who complimented its production value but found that it failed to match the quality of Blige's usual output. Think Like a Man Too debuted at number 30 on the US Billboard 200 chart, with 8,688 copies sold its first week. It also debuted on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart at number six, her 16th top ten entry on the chart. The soundtrack's sole single "Suitcase," reached the top 30 on the US Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart.

Ronald Colson
Ronald Colson, also known as Flippa, is an American songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his frequent work with production team Pop & Oak, including Usher's "Good Kisser", Nicki Minaj's "Right by My Side", Chris Brown's "Bassline", and Brandy's "Beggin & Pleadin", as well as many other song and album contributions. Colson remains close to the production team, and still works with Pop Wansel frequently.

He is also known for work with Top Dawg Entertainment artists Kendrick Lamar (To Pimp a Butterfly opener "Wesley's Theory") and Jay Rock ("Money Trees Deuce").
Syrmaticus
The  genus Syrmaticus contains the five species of long-tailed pheasants. The males have short spurs and usually red facial wattles, but otherwise differ wildly in appearance. The hens (females) and chicks of all the species have a rather conservative and plesiomorphic drab brown color pattern.
5 species are generally accepted in this genus.

Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy
In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and  symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.

Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy all mean a trait shared between species because they share an ancestral species.

Apomorphic and synapomorphic characteristics convey information about evolutionary clades and can be used to define taxa. However, plesiomorphic and symplesiomorphic characteristics cannot.

The term symplesiomorphy was introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig.
William Donne (cricketer)
William Stephens Donne (2 April 1875 in Wincanton, Somerset – 24 March 1934 in Castle Cary, Somerset) was an English cricket player, and former president of the Rugby Football Union, and was a member of the cricket team that won a gold medal at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

Wincanton
Wincanton (/ˈwɪŋkæntən/ or /wɪŋˈkæntən/) is a town and electoral ward in Somerset, southwest England. The town lies off the A303 road, a main route between London and South West England, and has some light industry. In the 2021 census the civil parish had a population of 6,568.
Elon College Historic District
Elon College Historic District is a national historic district located on the campus of Elon University at Elon, Alamance County, North Carolina. It encompasses 6 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object that form the historic core of the Elon College campus.  They are the West Dormitory (1907), and five buildings built between 1923–1927 which form an H-shaped complex: Alamance Building, Whitley Auditorium, Carlton Library, Duke Science Building, and Mooney Building.  The object is a monument erected in 1929. All of the buildings are three-story red brick buildings of Colonial Revival / Georgian Revival design.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Elon, North Carolina
Elon (/ˈiːlɔːn/) is a town in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Burlington metropolitan statistical area. The population as of the 2020 census was 11,324. The town of Elon is home to Elon University.
Since I Found You (TV series)
Since I Found You is a 2018 Philippine television drama series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Antoinette H. Jadaone, Andoy L. Ranay and Darnel Joy R. Villaflor, it stars Piolo Pascual, Arci Muñoz, JC de Vera, Alessandra de Rossi and Empoy. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from April 16 to August 10, 2018, replacing The Good Son and was replaced by Halik.

Andoy Ranay
Randolph "Andoy" Lastrilla Ranay is a Filipino director and theater practitioner. He has directed several television series for ABS-CBN, including The Broken Marriage Vow (2022), Dirty Linen (2023), and Senior High (2023-2024). He has also directed and appeared in multiple stage productions.
Hymnus amoris
Hymnus amoris (Danish: Hymne til Kjærligheden; English: Hymn of Love), for soloists, choir and orchestra, Opus 12, is Carl Nielsen's  earliest choral work. It was first performed at the Music Society  (Musikforeningen) in Copenhagen on 27 April 1897 under the baton of the composer.

Musikforeningen
Musikforeningen (The Music Society) in Copenhagen was Denmark's most important concert venue in the 19th century. It operated from 1838 to 1931 but it was especially under the leadership of Niels Gade (1850–90) that it became a meeting place for the city's music life with its own symphony orchestra and choir. Carl Nielsen was director from 1915–27. Other leaders included Franz Gläser, Emil Hartmann and Franz Neruda.
4th Cavalry Division (German Empire)
The 4th Cavalry Division (4. Kavallerie-Division) was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.

Abteilung
Abteilung ([apˈtaɪ̯lʊŋ] ⓘ; abbrv. Abt.) is a German word that is often used for German or Swiss military formations and depending on its usage could mean detachment, department or battalion; it can also refer to a military division. In German, it is used both for military and civilian departments (as in "office department").

In the military of the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and the Wehrmacht (during World War II), the term Abteilung was generally a battalion equivalent in the armoured, cavalry, reconnaissance and artillery arms of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS. For example, Schwere Panzerabteilung refers to German heavy tank battalions. However, when the term was used for large military formations, it generally meant "detachment". For example, Armee-Abteilung translates to "army detachment" and Korpsabteilung to "corps detachment". The German term Abteilung is used in the same sense as the Russian term divizion (дивизион) or the Polish term dywizjon.
Jack O'Lantern (musical)
Jack O'Lantern is a musical in two acts and 8 scenes with music by Ivan Caryll and both lyrics and book co-authored by Anne Caldwell and R. H. Burnside. The work also included some additional songs with music by Irving Berlin, Shelton Brooks and Gus King; and lyrics by Louis Harrison and Benjamin Hapgood Burt.

Jack O'Lantern was written as a starring vehicle for Fred Stone who portrayed John Obadiah Lantern, a.k.a. "Jack O'Lantern". The work premiered on Broadway at the Globe Theatre on October 16, 1917.  A modest success, it ran for a total of 265 performances; closing on June 1, 1918. The work was directed by Burnside, produced by Charles Dillingham, and included sets designed by Ernest Albert, Homer Emens and Joseph Urban. Helen Dryden, Robert MacQuinn, and Gladys Monkhouse designed the costumes.

R. H. Burnside
Robert Hubber Thorne Burnside (August 13, 1873 – September 14, 1952) was an American actor, director, producer, composer, and playwright. He was artistic director of the 5,200-seat New York Hippodrome from 1908 to 1923.  He wrote and staged hundreds of dramas, musicals and theatrical spectacles.
Frédéric Kuhn
Frédéric Kuhn (born 10 July 1968 in Gennevilliers, Hauts-de-Seine) is a retired male hammer thrower from France, who competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He set his personal best (76.80 metres) on 30 May 1992 at a meet in Angers.

Gennevilliers
Gennevilliers (French pronunciation: [ʒœnvilje] ⓘ) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department of Île-de-France. It is located 9.1 km (5.7 mi) from the centre of Paris.
Riehl melanosis
Riehl melanosis is a form of contact dermatitis, beginning with pruritus, erythema, and pigmentation that gradually spreads which, after reaching a certain extent, becomes stationary.: 857   The pathogenesis of Riehl melanosis is believed to be sun exposure following the use of some perfumes or creams (a photocontact dermatitis).: 858

Riehl melanosis is named after the dermatologist Gustav Riehl, who first described the condition in 1917.

Erythema
Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek  erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes.