hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christoph Schuringa
Christoph Schuringa (/ʃəˈrɪŋɡə/) is a British philosopher and associate professor in philosophy at Northeastern University London. He is known for his works on German philosophy and has served as Editor of the Hegel Bulletin.

Schuringa's 2025 book A Social History of Analytic Philosophy narrates the suppression of radical politics within American academic philosophy during and after the era of McCarthyism. Kieran Setiya was critical of the book's thesis that analytic philosophy is inherently conservative. Jacobin associate editor Nick French considered its argument that empiricist epistemology acts as an ideological defense of capitalism to be unpersuasive and impressionistic, and he added that analytic philosophy's attention to "conceptual distinctions ... regimented argument and ... individual experience" would be valuable for the left to adopt. Adam Knowles defends the book's thesis and links Schuringa's critique of the analytic style to neoliberal governmentality.

German philosophy
German philosophy is philosophy in the German language or philosophy by German people. It is influential for both contemporary philosophical schools: the analytic and continental traditions. It covers figures such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Gottlob Frege, Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Vienna Circle, and the Frankfurt School.  The Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard is often also included in surveys of German philosophy due to his extensive engagement with German thinkers. German philosophers are central to major philosophical movements such as rationalism, German idealism, Romanticism, dialectical materialism, existentialism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, logical positivism, and critical theory.
Praveen Chithravel
Praveen Chithravel (born 6 June 2001) is an Indian triple jumper. He has represented India at multiple international events, earning a bronze medal at the 2022 Asian Games, as well as silver medals at the 2025 Asian Championships and the 2023 Asian Indoor Championships. Earlier in his career, he also secured a bronze medal at the 2018 Youth Olympic Games. Chithravel competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, where he narrowly missed the podium with a fourth-place finish in the men's triple jump final.

2023 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships
The 2023 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships was the tenth edition of the international indoor athletics event among Asian nations. It took place at the Kazakhstan Sports Palace in Astana, the first ever edition in  Kazakhstan, from 10 to 12 February.
HD 210702 b
HD 210702 b is an exoplanet located approximately 177 light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus, orbiting the star HD 210702. This planet, together with HD 175541 b and HD 192699 b, are planets around intermediate mass stars that were announced in April 2007 by Johnson et al. It has at least twice the mass of Jupiter and it orbits with semimajor axis of 1.17 AU, corresponding to a period of 341.1 days.

Planets around intermediate mass subgiants provide clues for the history of formation and migration of planets around A-type stars.

Planetary migration
Planetary migration occurs when a planet or other body in orbit around a star interacts with a disk of gas or planetesimals, resulting in the alteration of its orbital parameters, especially its semi-major axis.  Planetary migration is the most likely explanation for hot Jupiters (exoplanets with Jovian masses but orbits of only a few days).  The generally accepted theory of planet formation from a protoplanetary disk predicts that such planets cannot form so close to their stars, as there is insufficient mass at such small radii and the temperature is too high to allow the formation of rocky or icy planetesimals.

It has also become clear that terrestrial-mass planets may be subject to rapid inward migration if they form while the gas disk is still present. This may affect the formation of the cores of the giant planets (which have masses of the order of 10 to 1000 Earth masses), if those planets form via the core-accretion mechanism.
Drake Bulldogs
The Drake Bulldogs  are the intercollegiate athletics teams that represent Drake University, located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The Bulldogs' athletic program is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC)  and competes at the NCAA Division I level. Drake also sponsors teams in the Pioneer Football League, Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, and Summit League. Drake's live bulldog mascot is Griff II; the costumed mascot is Spike; and the school colors are blue and white.

Pioneer Football League
The Pioneer Football League (PFL) is an intercollegiate athletic conference formed in 1991 for the sport of football. Its members compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). It has member schools that range from New York, North Carolina and Florida in the east to California in the west. It is headquartered in St. Louis, in the same complex that also contains the offices of the Missouri Valley Conference and Missouri Valley Football Conference. Unlike most other Division I FCS conferences, the Pioneer League consists of institutions that choose not to award athletic scholarships ("grants-in-aid") to football players.

Most of the PFL's members are private schools. Morehead State University is the only public school in the conference.
Rae White
Rae White is a Brisbane-based poet and writer. White is non-binary and the founding editor of the online periodical #EnbyLife: Journal for non-binary and gender diverse creatives. White's 2017 poetry collection Milk Teeth won the Thomas Shapcott Poetry Prize, was commended in the 2018 Anne Elder Award, and was shortlisted for the 2019 Victorian Premier's Literary Awards. Their poetry and writing has been published in the Australian Poetry Journal, Capricious, Cordite, Meanjin, Overland, and Rabbit.

White's poems have been described as "challeng[ing] notions of category, identity, form and gender" and having an "ability to incorporate new techniques without alienating the reader". They are also involved in poetry judging panels, including the 2019 and 2020 Anne Elder Award. They have a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Creative Writing Production from QUT.

Victorian Premier's Literary Awards
The Victorian Premier's Literary Awards were created by the Victorian Government with the aim of raising the profile of contemporary creative writing and Australia's publishing industry. As of 2013, it is reportedly Australia's richest literary prize with the top winner receiving A$125,000 and category winners A$25,000 each.

The awards were established in 1985 by John Cain, Premier of Victoria, to mark the centenary of the births of Vance and Nettie Palmer, two of Australia's best-known writers and critics who made significant contributions to Victorian and Australian literary culture.

From 1986 till 1997, the awards were presented as part of the Melbourne Writers Festival. In 1997 their administration was transferred to the State Library of Victoria. By 2004, the total prize money was A$180,000. In 2011, stewardship was taken over by the Wheeler Centre.
Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji
Nūr al-Dīn ibn Isḥaq al-Biṭrūjī (Arabic: نور الدين ابن إسحاق البطروجي, died c. 1204), known in the West by the Latinized name of Alpetragius, was an Arab astronomer and qadi in al-Andalus. Al-Biṭrūjī was the first astronomer to present the concentric spheres model as an alternative to the Ptolemaic system, with the planets borne by geocentric spheres. Another original aspect of his system was proposing a physical cause of celestial motions. His alternative system spread through most of Europe during the 13th century.

The crater Alpetragius on the Moon is named after him.

Concentric spheres
The cosmological model of concentric (or homocentric) spheres, developed by Eudoxus, Callippus, and Aristotle, employed celestial spheres all centered on the Earth. In this respect, it differed from the epicyclic and eccentric models with multiple centers, which were used by Ptolemy and other mathematical astronomers until the time of Copernicus.
The Boulet Brothers' Dragula season 4
The fourth season of The Boulet Brothers' Dragula aired from October 19, 2021, and concluded on December 21, 2021, broadcast on Shudder across all territories, featuring 11 contestants competing for the title of World's Next Drag Supermonster and a cash prize of $100,000. Contestants in the season included RuPaul's Drag Race alumna Jade Jolie, season three contestant Saint, who earned a spot in the competition after winning The Boulet Brothers' Dragula: Resurrection special, and season two contestant Dahli, also a participant in the Resurrection special, the latter entered the competition from the second episode.

The winner of the fourth season of The Boulet Brothers' Dragula was Dahli, with HoSo Terra Toma, Saint and Sigourney Beaver as the runners-up.

Shudder (streaming service)
Shudder is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. It is one of the streaming services owned and operated by AMC Networks that primarily distributes horror, thriller, and supernatural fiction titles, and therefore offers original films, TV series—such as Creepshow, based on the 1982 film—and docuseries. Shudder's library also features non-original programming, including well-known horror films. Shudder annually airs a Halloween "Ghoul Log" (a Halloween-themed equivalent to the Yule Log). It also had its own VRV channel from its initial launch in late 2016 until mid-2019.
Horky (Svitavy District)
Horky is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Horky lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of Svitavy, 36 km (22 mi) east of Pardubice, and 132 km (82 mi) east of Prague.

Svitavy
Svitavy (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsvɪtavɪ]; German: Zwittau) is a town in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of Oskar Schindler and the centre of the Czech Esperanto movement. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
María Isabel Díaz Lago
María Isabel Díaz Lago (born 4 July 1964) is a Cuban actress. A graduate of the Instituto Superior de Arte, her first film role was in Una novia para David. She became the first Cuban "Almodóvar girl", appearing in the 2006 film Volver. On the small screen, she is best known for her role as Soledad "Sole" Núñez Hurtado on Locked Up. She has resided in Spain since 1996.

Hello Hemingway
Hello Hemingway is a 1990 Cuban drama film directed by Fernando Pérez and starring Laura de la Uz. The plot, set in Havana in 1956, near the end of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship, follows a young girl whose aspirations to obtain a scholarship in America against all odds are paralleled by her reading of Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea. The film was selected as the Cuban entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards, but was not designated a nominee.
Neil Piller
Neil "George" Piller AM is an Australian professor of lymphology at the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Flinders University.

Piller is also the Director of the Lymphoedema Assessment Unit, Flinders Surgical Oncology as well as member of the Flinders University  microcirculatory and lymphological research group. Piller's major interest is in the accurate diagnosis of, targeted treatment for and management of all forms of primary and secondary lymphoedema.

Piller was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2026 Australia Day Honours for "significant service to lymphology as a clinician and academic".

Flinders University
Flinders University, established as The Flinders University of South Australia, is an Australian public research university based in Adelaide, South Australia, with a footprint extending across a number of locations in South Australia and the Northern Territory. The main campus is in Bedford Park, about 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the Adelaide city centre. Other campuses include Tonsley, Adelaide central business district, Renmark, Alice Springs and Darwin.

Founded in 1966, it was named in honour of the British navigator Matthew Flinders who had explored and surveyed the Australian coastline in the early 19th century. In 2022, there were 25,247 students enrolled at the university.
Salam al-Maliki
Salam Aodeh al-Maliki is an Iraqi politician and was the Minister for Transport in the Iraqi Transitional Government from May 2005 to May 2006.

In August 2005 he banned the sale of alcohol at Baghdad International Airport, saying it gave visitors a bad first impression of Iraq.

Iraqi Transitional Government
The Iraqi Transitional Government was the government of Iraq from May 3, 2005, when it replaced the Iraqi Interim Government, until May 20, 2006, when it was replaced by a permanent government.

On April 28 it was approved by the transitional Iraqi National Assembly, which had been elected in January 2005. It operated under the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period, and its main functions were to draft a permanent Constitution of Iraq and to form a transitional government.
Anti-Nazi League
The Anti-Nazi League (ANL) was an organisation set up in 1977 on the initiative of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) with sponsorship from some trade unions and the endorsement of a list of prominent people to oppose the rise of far-right groups in the United Kingdom. It was wound down in 1981. It was relaunched in 1992, but merged into Unite Against Fascism in 2003.

British Movement
The British Movement (BM), later called the British National Socialist Movement (BNSM), is a British neo-Nazi organisation founded by Colin Jordan in 1968. It grew out of the National Socialist Movement (NSM), which was founded in 1962. Frequently on the margins of the British far-right, the BM has had a long and chequered history for its association with violence and extremism. It was founded as a political party but manifested itself more as a pressure and activist group. It has had spells of dormancy.
Oka Sulaksana
I Gusti Made Oka Sulaksana (also known as Oka Sulaksana; born 29 April 1971) is an Indonesian professional sailor and windsurfer.

Oka won two Asian Games gold medal in 1998 and 2002. He also represented Indonesia in the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics, all of which in Mistral One Design event. He also represented Indonesia in the 2008 Summer Olympics on RS:X event and was the flag-bearer for the country at the opening ceremony.

Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's Mistral One Design
The Men's Mistral One Design was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics program in Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre. Eleven races were scheduled and completed with one discard. 34 sailors from 34 nations competed.
Hallelujah, I'm a Bum
"Hallelujah, I'm a Bum" (Roud 7992) is an American folk song that responds with humorous sarcasm to unhelpful moralizing about the circumstance of being a hobo. The song's authorship is uncertain, but according to hobo poetry researcher Bud L. McKillips, the words were written by an IWW member. Carl Sandburg collected the song for his anthology The American Songbag, and he wrote that it was "heard at the water tanks of railroads in Kansas in 1897 and from harvest hands who worked in the wheat fields of Pawnee County, was picked up later by the I.W.W.s, who made verses of their own for it, and gave it a wide fame." Some verses may have been written by a Kansas City hobo known only as "One-Finger Ellis," who scribbled it on the wall of his prison cell in 1897. There is also a questionable theory that Harry McClintock, an IWW member, could have written it in 1899 when he was only fifteen. However, Harry McClintock has stated that he wrote the song in 1902.

The New Christy Minstrels
The New Christy Minstrels are an American large-ensemble folk music group founded by Randy Sparks in 1961. The group has recorded more than 20 albums and scored several hits, including "Green, Green", "Saturday Night", "Today", "Denver" and "This Land Is Your Land". The group's 1962 debut album, Presenting the New Christy Minstrels, won a Grammy Award and remained on the Billboard 200 albums chart for two years.

The group sold millions of records, was in demand at concerts and on television shows and helped launch the musical careers of several musicians, including Kenny Rogers, Gene Clark, Kim Carnes, Larry Ramos and Barry McGuire.
Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway (1990)
The Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway (reporting mark WE) is a Class II regional railroad that provides freight service, mainly in the areas of Northern Ohio and Western Pennsylvania. It took its name from the former Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway, most of which it bought from the Norfolk and Western Railway in 1990.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Forsling
Forsling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gustav Forsling (born 1996), Swedish ice hockey defenceman

Linus Forsling (1891–1970), American lawyer, politician, and judge from Iowa

Ruth Forsling (1923–1985), Swedish educator, activist, and politician

Gustav Forsling
Gustav Forsling (born 12 June 1996) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Forsling was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the fifth round (126th overall) of the 2014 NHL entry draft, but did not play for the team. He previously played for the Chicago Blackhawks. Forsling won back-to-back Stanley Cup championships with the Panthers in 2024 and 2025.
Informal Preparatory Meeting on National Reconciliation
A United Nations Economic Commission for Africa-sponsored meeting held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, January 4–8, 1993. Its purpose was to attempt to settle differences between the warring factions of the Somali Civil War. It led to a formal agreement at the Conference on National Reconciliation in Somalia, but factional fighting continued mostly unabated.

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA; French: Commission économique pour l'Afrique, CEA) was established in 1958 by the United Nations Economic and Social Council to encourage economic cooperation among its member states (the nations of the African continent) following a recommendation of the United Nations General Assembly. It is one of five regional commissions.

The ECA has 54 member states, corresponding to the 54 member states of the United Nations that lie within the continent of Africa or in oceans nearby the continent. The ECA's mandate is to promote the economic and social development of its member states, foster intra-regional integration, and promote international cooperation for Africa's development.

On October 6, 2023, the UN Secretary-General appointed Claver Gatete of Rwanda as the Executive Secretary of UNECA, replacing the Cameroonian Vera Songwe.
Symposium on Discrete Algorithms
The Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA) is an academic conference in the fields of algorithm design and discrete mathematics. It is considered to be one of the top conferences for research in algorithms. SODA has been organized annually since 1990, typically in January. SODA is jointly sponsored by the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) and the SIAM Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics, and in format is more similar to a theoretical computer science conference than to a mathematics conference.

ACM SIGACT
ACM SIGACT or SIGACT is the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory, whose purpose is support of research in theoretical computer science. It was founded in 1968 by Patrick C. Fischer.
Protestantische Rompilger
Protestantische Rompilger (Protestant Rome Pilgrims) (subtitled:  Der Verrat an Luther, or The treason of Luther) was a polemic written by Alfred Rosenberg to answer the Protestant criticism (mainly from the Confessing Church) of his 1930 The Myth of the Twentieth Century.  It was also aimed against Friedrich Rittelmeyer and the Christengemeinschaft (Christian Community).  In it, he demanded that the German Volk be released from Christianity and called Christian teachings of sin and grace as "teachings of inferiority".  It was published by the Hoheneichen-Verlag, Munich, in a gift edition (already on its 4th edition by 1932, 696 S.), Volksausgabe (from 1933, 712 S.), Dünndrucksaugabe (712 S), and in an 86-page 1937 edition.

The Christian Community
The Christian Community is an esoterically-oriented Christian denomination established in Germany in 1922 by Lutheran ministers influenced by Anthroposophy. As of 2023, it claims approximately 35,000 members in approximately 200 congregations.
Tinkersick
Tinkersick or Tinker Sick is a stream east of Chesterfield, near Brimington in Derbyshire. The stream is an offshoot of the Chesterfield Canal.

A breach in the Chesterfield canal in March 2007, caused by the collapse of a culvert carrying the Tinkersick under the canal, forced temporary closure of all but the top pound above Tapton Lock for about six weeks.

Brimington
Brimington is a large village and civil parish in the Borough of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, England. The population of the parish taken at the 2011 census was 8,788.  The town of Staveley is to the east, and Hollingwood is nearby. The parish includes Brimington Common along the Calow Road, and New Brimington, a late 19th-century extension towards the Staveley Iron Works.
1962 U.S. Women's Open
The 1962 U.S. Women's Open was the 17th U.S. Women's Open, held June 28–30 at The Dunes Golf and Beach Club in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Murle Lindstrom, age 23, won the title for her first LPGA Tour victory, two strokes ahead of runners-up Ruth Jessen and Jo Ann Prentice. The first of her four wins on tour, it was the only major title for Lindstrom, later known as Murle Breer.

Defending champion Mickey Wright was a co-leader after 36 holes, but fell back on Saturday morning in the third round and finished five strokes back in a tie for fourth. Wright had won three of the previous four years; she won her fourth U.S. Women's Open two years later in 1964. Jessen led after each of the first three rounds, but a final round 80 (+8) dropped her back.

Thirty professionals and eleven amateurs made the 36-hole cut at 166 (+22) or better; the low amateur was JoAnne Gunderson at 313 (+25), tied for fifteenth place.

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.