hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bouvrage
Bouvrage was a soft drink produced by Ella Drinks Limited near Brechin, Angus, Scotland. The original Bouvrage was made with raspberry juice (as well as lightly carbonated water, sugar, citric acid and flavourings).
The company  introduced two other drinks, one made with blaeberries and the other with strawberries.

The drink was generally sampled at food fairs in Scotland and is sold at delicatessens and independent food stores.

Ella drinks suspended production and closed in 2024.

Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.
Champe
Champe is a village development committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2974 persons living in 561 individual households.

Kosi Zone
Kosi or Koshi (Nepali: कोसी अञ्चल, Nepali: कोशी अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. The headquarters of Kosi Zone was Biratnagar which was also its largest city. Other cities of Kosi Zone were Inaruwa, Dharan, Dhankuta, Jhumka, Duhabi, Tarahara and Itahari. Its main rivers were Arun, Tamor and Sapta Koshi.
The Charm of La Boheme
The Charm of La Bohème (German: Zauber der Boheme) is a 1937 Austrian musical film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Jan Kiepura, Mártha Eggerth, and Paul Kemp. It follows the plot of Giacomo Puccini's 1896 opera La bohème. The film's sets were designed by Hans Ledersteger. The Berlin premiere took place at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo.

Paul Kemp (actor)
Paul Kemp (20 May 1896 – 13 August 1953) was a German stage and film actor. Kemp worked as a piano accompaniest for silent films, and then served as an ambulance driver on the Western Front during the First World War. Post-war he moved into acting on the stage in Düsseldorf and Hamburg. His career really took off when he moved to Berlin in 1929, appearing in the hit stage version of the novel Menschen im Hotel by Vicki Baum. He made his film debut in 1930, shortly after the introduction of sound film. He appeared prolifically in German and Austrian films until his death in 1953.
Yolbaşı, Midyat
Yolbaşı (Arabic: كفر علاب, romanized: Keferallab; Kurdish: Kefşerin; Syriac: Kfar ʿAllab) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,187 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). The village is populated by Kurds and the Mhallami. It is located in the historic region of Bēth Muḥallam in Tur Abdin.

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.
Kielsen V Cabinet
The Fifth Cabinet of Kim Kielsen was the Government of Greenland in office from 5 October 2018 to April 2019. It was a coalition minority government consisting of the Siumut (Forward), Atassut (Solidarity) and Nunatta Qitornai (Descendants of Our Country) parties.

Nunatta Qitornai
Nunatta Qitornai (Danish: Vort lands efterkommere, English: Descendants of Our Land) was a separatist political party in Greenland advocating independence. It was founded in September 2017 by former Minister of Business, Labour, Trade and Foreign Affairs Vittus Qujaukitsoq, who had previously been in Siumut and who was subsequently elected in the 2018 parliamentary election. In the 2021 election, the party lost its seat and ceased its activities. In the 2025 election, the party's erstwhile leader Qujaukitsoq was a candidate for the pro-independence party Naleraq.
1987 Girabola
The 1987 Girabola was the ninth season of top-tier football competition in Angola. Atlético Petróleos de Luanda were the defending champions.

The league comprised 14 teams, the bottom three of which were relegated.

Petro de Luanda were crowned champions, winning their 4th title, and second in a row, while Desportivo da Chela, Progresso do Sambizanga and União Sport do Bié were relegated.

Mavango Kiala aka Mavó of Ferroviário da Huíla finished as the top scorer with 20 goals.

S.L. Benfica (Lubango)
Sport Lubango e Benfica, and best known as Benfica do Lubango, is an Angolan football club based in Lubango. They play their home games at the Estádio Nossa Senhora do Monte.

Benfica do Lubango was established as the 16th affiliate of Sport Lisboa e Benfica. The first chairman to be elected was Eduardo Gomes de Albuquerque e Castro.

Following the country's independence in 1975 and an attempt by the communist regime to erase all traces of colonial rule (even from sports), the club, which had been created as an affiliate to S.L. Benfica, was ordered to change its name and therefore became known as Desportivo da Chela, as it participated in the first edition of the country's post-independence premier league.
Oroperipatus eisenii
Oroperipatus eisenii is a species of velvet worm in the family Peripatidae. Females of this species have 27 to 29 pairs of legs, usually 28; males have 23 to 26. Females range from 30 mm to 57 mm in length, while males range from 20 mm to 23 mm. The type locality is found in Brazil and central Mexico.

Peripatidae
Peripatidae is a family of velvet worms. This family includes more than 90 described species distributed among 13 genera, but some authorities deem only 80 of these species to be valid. The oldest putative representatives of the family herald from Burmese amber dated to the mid-Cretaceous, around 100 million years ago, with representatives from Dominican and Baltic amber attesting to a broader distribution in the Palaeogene / Neogene; molecular variability suggests that the family's crown group may have arisen in the early Mesozoic.
Gelora Supriyadi Stadium
Gelora Supriyadi Stadium is a football stadium in the city of Blitar, Indonesia. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 people.

It is the home base of PSBK Blitar and Blitar United, and also a home base of Arema since 2024, 2 years after the Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster.

Arema F.C.
Arema Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club based in Malang, East Java. The club competes in the Super League, the top flight of Indonesian Football. They are considered one of the best and most successful football clubs in the country, and are nicknamed "Singo Edan" ('The Mad Lions' in Javanese).
Mullae-dong
Mullae-dong (Korean: 문래동) is a dong (neighborhood) of Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, South Korea.  The name "Mullae" comes from the neighborhood's old name, "Moraet-mal (모랫말)," which means "Sandy Village" in Korean.

The neighborhood is most well known for its industrial factories. Because the neighborhood is one the least gentrified areas of Seoul a lot of factories— that manufacture a variety of goods from textile to steel— are present in the area. In fact, there is a street nicknamed "steel factory street" (철공소 거리) due to the abundancy of Metal fabrication factories.

Mullae-dong is also known for art. Numerous art studios in which art exhibitions are sporadically conducted, as well as metal sculptures and commercial graffiti, can be found around the neighborhood. The neighborhood contains Mullae Park, which was once a military base until the 1980s.

The population, as of 2021, is estimated to be 32,870.

Metal fabrication
Metal fabrication is the creation of metal structures by cutting, bending and assembling processes. It is a value-added process involving the creation of machines, parts, and structures from various raw materials.

Typically, a fabrication shop bids on a job, usually based on engineering drawings, and if awarded the contract, builds the product. Large fab shops employ a multitude of value-added processes, including welding, cutting, forming and machining.

As with other manufacturing processes, both human labor and automation are commonly used. A fabricated product may be called a fabrication, and shops specializing in this type of work are called fab shops. The end products of other common types of metalworking, such as machining, metal stamping, forging, and casting, may be similar in shape and function, but those processes are not classified as fabrication.
TM-XML
The Trade Mark Extensible Markup Language (TM-XML) is an XML open standard for the trademark business and for the exchange of trademark information between the Industrial Property Offices and its partners or users.

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.
Musafir Paswan
Musafir Paswan (1954/1955 – 24 November 2021) was an Indian politician from Bihar and a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Paswan won the Bochahan Assembly constituency on the Vikassheel Insaan Party ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He previously contested the 1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election on a Samata Party ticket, 2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election on a Janata Dal (United) ticket, 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election on a Rashtriya Janata Dal ticket,  and the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election on a Samajwadi Party ticket from the Bochahan (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

Musafir Paswan died on 24 November 2021 at the age of 66 in Delhi's Sir Ganga Ram Hospital.

Samata Party
Samata Party (SAP)  is a political party in India, initially formed in 1994 by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar, and now led by Uday Mandal as its National President. Samata Party once launched Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister of Bihar. It was an offshoot of the Janata Dal, with the alleged casteism of the parent party being the reason given for the split. The party has socialist leanings; at one point, it wielded considerable political and social influence in North India, particularly in Bihar. In 2003, most Samata Party members joined Janata Dal (United). Only a faction led by MP Brahmanand Mandal remained in Samata Party and continued to use the party name and symbol.
Maia Miminoshvili
Maia Miminoshvili (Georgian: მაია მიმინოშვილი; born 1 August 1960), is a Georgian physicist and politician, Minister of Education and Science between 2007 and 2008 in the cabinet of Lado Gurgenidze.

Born in Tbilisi, she got a degree in Mechanics and Maths for the Tbilisi State University in 1988.

On 2008 was named director of the National Assessment & Examinations Center until 28 May 2012, when Minister Dimitri Shashkini fired her. When Georgian Dream came to the power in the 2012 parliamentary election, Miminoshvili was renamed director of the NAEC until was dismissed again on 10 September 2018- by Education Minister Mikheil Batiashvili.

2012 Georgian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Georgia on 1 October 2012. The opposition Georgian Dream coalition of billionaire businessman Bidzina Ivanishvili won a majority of the seats. President Mikheil Saakashvili conceded his party's defeat.

The elections were held in accordance with a reformed electoral system agreed upon by the government and several opposition parties in 2011. 77 of the 150 seats were allocated proportionally to party lists, the remaining 73 to the winners in single-member constituencies. The new parliament was relocated from the capital of Tbilisi to the country's second largest city of Kutaisi later, in 2012. A new government was also formed following the 2013 presidential election as envisaged by the 2010 constitutional amendments.
Sanja Fidler
Sanja Fidler is an associate professor at the University of Toronto and vice-president of artificial intelligence research at Nvidia, leading NVIDIA's Spatial Intelligence Lab. She is also a co-founder of the Vector Institute and CIFAR AI Chair. Her research is in the areas of computer vision and artificial intelligence.

Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
43°39′34″N 79°23′31″W﻿ / ﻿43.6595629°N 79.3919866°W﻿ / 43.6595629; -79.3919866
The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) is a Canadian-based global research organization. It was founded in 1982 and is supported by individuals, foundations and corporations, as well as funding from the Government of Canada and the provinces of Alberta and Quebec.
Nordart
NordArt is an international contemporary art exhibition and a non-profit cultural initiative of the ACO Group and the cities of Büdelsdorf and Rendsburg. It has taken place annually in the summer since 1999 at Carlshütte, a former iron foundry. The site features 22,000 m² of interior space and 60,000 m² for outdoor installations.

Büdelsdorf
Büdelsdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈbyːdl̩sˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Danish: Bydelstorp; Low German: Büdelsdörp) is a town in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the river Eider and the Kiel Canal, approx. 2 kilometres (1 mile) north of Rendsburg, and 30 km (19 mi) west of Kiel, just 5 mi (8 km) off the motorway.
Vosges Matin
Vosges Matin (French pronunciation: [voʒ matɛ̃] ⓘ, lit. 'Vosges Morning') is a French regional daily newspaper focusing particularly on news from the Vosges department and its neighboring departments of Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Haute-Saône, Doubs and Territoire de Belfort. Its headquarters are in Épinal.

Meuse (department)
Meuse (French pronunciation: [møz] ⓘ) is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse. Meuse is part of the current region of Grand Est and is landlocked and borders by the French departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Belgium to the north. Parts of Meuse belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. It had a population of 184,083 in 2019. Front lines in trench warfare during World War I ran varying courses through the department and it hosted an important battle/offensive in 1916 in and around Verdun.
Chloroflexus-1 RNA motif
The Chloroflexus-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
Chloroflexus-1 motifs are found in the genus Chloroflexus, under the phylum Chloroflexota.

Chloroflexus-1 RNAs likely function in trans as sRNAs.  The motif's nucleic acid secondary structure consists of several small hairpins.  Although the sizes of the stems and terminal loops of these hairpins are quite consistent, the nucleotide sequences in the hairpins are different, suggesting that the hairpins are not repetitive.

Stem-loop
Stem-loops are nucleic acid secondary structural elements which form via intramolecular base pairing in single-stranded DNA or RNA. They are also referred to as hairpins or hairpin loops. A stem-loop occurs when two regions of the same nucleic acid strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence, base-pair to form a double helix that ends in a loop of unpaired nucleotides.

Stem-loops are most commonly found in RNA, and are a key building block of many RNA secondary structures. Stem-loops can direct RNA folding, protect structural stability for messenger RNA (mRNA), provide recognition sites for RNA binding proteins, and serve as a substrate for enzymatic reactions.
Welford Park
Welford Park is a country house and estate in the village of Welford in the English county of Berkshire, situated 5.2 miles northwest of Newbury and 10.9 miles south of Wantage. It is a Grade I-listed building.

The church of Welford St Gregory, one of only two existing round-tower churches in Berkshire, is located adjacent to the house. The various chalk streams that make up the River Lambourn flow through the grounds.

The estate opens its grounds to the public every year for about four weeks to enable visitors to see the carpets of snowdrops that line the riverbanks and flow through the nearby woods.

River Lambourn
The River Lambourn is a chalk stream in the English county of Berkshire. It rises in the Berkshire Downs near its namesake village of Lambourn and is a tributary of the River Kennet, which is itself a tributary of the River Thames.

The river is a 28.9-hectare (71-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.
Maketo
Maketo in Basque (or maqueto, in Spanish) is a pejorative term used to describe non-Basque migrants from other parts of Spain who have migrated into the Basque Country, especially those who cannot speak the Basque language.

The term's origins lie in the industrialization of Biscay in the late 19th century. Mine workers often came from outside the Basque Country and were referred to as "maketos" by the local population. The word's use and negative connotation were spread by writer Sabino Arana, who is often considered the father of Basque nationalism.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
Veronika Holletz
Veronika Holletz (born 25 June 1945) is a retired East German swimmer who won the bronze medal in the 100m backstroke at the 1962 European Aquatics Championships. She also participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics as a member of the United Team of Germany and finished fourth in the 400m medley.

Swimming at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metre individual medley
The women's 400 metre individual medley event at the 1964 Summer Olympics took place on 15–17 October.  This swimming event used medley swimming and this was the first time for this event in this distance for the women swimmers. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle.  Unlike other events using freestyle, swimmers could not use butterfly, backstroke, or breaststroke for the freestyle leg; most swimmers use the front crawl in freestyle events.
Espionage organizations
Espionage is a subset of human intelligence, one of many intelligence collection methods, which are organized by intelligence collection management.

This lists is restricted to organizations that operate clandestine human sources in foreign countries and non-national groups. It does not include police organizations with domestic informers, or, on an international basis, human sources that do counterintelligence work alone.

Intelligence collection management
Intelligence collection management is the process of managing and organizing the collection of intelligence from various sources.  The collection department of an intelligence organization may attempt basic validation of what it collects, but is not supposed to analyze its significance. There is debate in U.S. intelligence community on the difference between validation and analysis, where the National Security Agency may (in the opinion of the Central Intelligence Agency or the Defense Intelligence Agency) try to interpret information when such interpretation is the job of another agency.
Pat Garrod
Pat Garrod (b. Chelmsford 1964) is a British physician and long distance motorcyclist. He and his wife Vanessa Lewis undertook a 100,000-mile (160,000 km) round-the-world ride on a 1991 BMW R100GS, between 1998 and October, 2002.

His 2010 book Bearback — The World Overland describing the 4-year journey was called as a "damned good story" by Overland magazine, and evidence of improving quality in self-published overland adventure books.

After the circumnavigation, Garrod and Lewis crossed Africa twice more by motorcycle. One north-to-south traversal in 2006 was more than 20,000 kilometres (12,000 mi) long; Garrod's travel log records a total of over 65,000 miles (105,000 km) in Africa alone.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Audacy
Audacy, previously known as Radio.com, is an American free broadcast and Internet radio platform developed by its parent company Audacy, Inc. (formerly known as Entercom). The Audacy platform functions as a music recommender system and is the national umbrella brand for the company's radio network aggregating its over 235 local radio stations across the United States. In addition, the service includes thousands of podcasts created for the platform, hosted elsewhere or station programming on demand. It was initially developed by CBS Radio and was acquired by the former Entercom as part of the company's takeover of CBS Radio. The service's main competitors are rival station groups iHeartMedia's iHeartRadio and TuneIn. Audacy is available online via mobile devices and devices such as Chromecast and Amazon Fire TV.

Mobile device
A mobile device or handheld device is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand. Mobile devices are typically battery-powered and possess a flat-panel display and one or more built-in input devices, such as a touchscreen or keypad. Modern mobile devices often emphasize wireless networking, to both the Internet and to other devices in their vicinity, such as headsets or in-car entertainment systems, via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or near-field communication.