hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
LGBTQ culture in St. Louis
LGBT culture in St. Louis is characterized by a long history of progressive activism as well as racial divisions and the city/county divide. St. Louis city is relatively liberal with multiple gayborhoods and several LGBT organizations. In 2019, Realtor.com dubbed St. Louis the 8th most LGBT-friendly city. Due to hostile legislation at the state level, however, it has become common for LGBT residents to relocate to Illinois for better protections and healthcare access.

Recorded history and resource flow tend to prioritize white individuals and the city's central corridor, creating a perception of LGBT culture in St. Louis that does not always align with regional demographics. For the purposes of this article, St. Louis describes the metropolitan area, including neighboring counties in Missouri and Illinois.

Belleville, Illinois
Belleville is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. It is a southeastern suburb of St. Louis. The population was 42,404 at the 2020 census, making it the most populated city in the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis, and in all of Southern Illinois south of Springfield. Due to its proximity to Scott Air Force Base, the city has a significant population of military and federal civilian personnel. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville and home to the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows.
Batil
Batil (Arabic: باطل) is an Arabic word meaning falsehood, and can be used to describe a nullified or invalid act or contract according to the sharia.

In contract law, the opposite of batil is sahih. Batil can be distinguished from fasid ("defective") in that a fasid contract might go through completion, whereas a batil contract would not.

Hadith terminology
Hadith terminology (Arabic: مصطلح الحديث, romanized: muṣṭalaḥu l-ḥadīth) is the body of terminology in Islam which specifies the acceptability of the sayings (hadith) attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by other early Islamic figures of significance such as the companions and followers/successors. Individual terms distinguish between those hadith considered rightfully attributed to their source or detail the faults of those of dubious provenance. Formally, it has been defined by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani as: "knowledge of the principles by which the condition of the narrator and the narrated are determined." This page comprises the primary terminology used within hadith sciences.
Baumeister
Baumeister (German for builder) is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Baumeister (1934–2011), American psychologist

Bernhard Baumeister (1827–1917), German actor

Christian Baumeister (born 1971), German cinematographer

Edward Baumeister (1848–1933), American politician

Ernst Baumeister (born 1957), Austrian footballer

Friedrich Christian Baumeister (1709–1785), German philosopher

Herb Baumeister (1947–1996), U.S. serial killer

Jackson Baumeister (born 2002), American baseball player

Karin Baumeister-Rehm (born 1971), German artist

Muriel Baumeister (born 1972), German-Austrian actress

Ralf Baumeister (born 1961), German biologist

Reinhard Baumeister (1833–1917), German engineer and urban planner

Roy Baumeister (born 1953), U.S. social psychologist

Stefan Baumeister (born 1993), German snowboarder

Truus Baumeister (1907–2000), Dutch swimmer

Willi Baumeister (1889–1955), German painter and graphic artist

Ralf Baumeister
Ralf Baumeister (born September 1, 1961 in Schwabach) is a German professor (Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics).

He is currently co-director of the School of Life Sciences at Freiburg University's Institute of Advanced Studies.
He uses the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans in his studies.
J. A. G. Roberts
John Anthony George Roberts (born 1935) is a British historian and a principal lecturer in history at the University of Huddersfield, UK. He has lectured extensively on the histories of China and Japan and has a special interest in Western perceptions of Chinese and Japanese society. He is the author of A History of China (2000) and China to Chinatown: Chinese Food in the West (2002).

University of Huddersfield
The University of Huddersfield is a public research university located in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It has been a University since 1992, but has its origins in a series of institutions dating back to the 19th century. It has made teaching quality a particular focus of its activities, winning the inaugural Higher Education Academy Global Teaching Excellence Award in 2017, and achieving a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) Gold Award, in 2017  and 2023. The university has also put an increasing focus on research quality, and as of 2022 more than three quarters of its academic staff hold a doctorate, the third highest rate in England.

Its chancellor George W. Buckley, a graduate of the university and a former CEO of 3M, was appointed in 2020.
Agosto (song)
"Agosto" (from Spanish: August) is a song by Spanish singer-songwriter Álvaro Soler. It was written by Soler along with Ali Zuchowski and Simon Triebel for his 2015 debut studio album Eterno agosto, while production was helmed by Zuchowski and Triebel. Released as the album's second single in November 2015 following the Europe-wide success of "El mismo sol", the mid-tempo song became his second consecutive song to top the Polish Airplay Top 100 chart. Elsewhere, "Agosto" failed to chart, though it reached number 54 on the Ultratip Bubbling Under in the Flemish Region of Belgium. Its release was accompanied by a lyric video which was released through Soler's YouTube channel.

Juli (band)
Juli (German pronunciation: [ˈjuːli] ⓘ; German for "July") is a German alternative pop band from Gießen, Hessen, consisting of singer Eva Briegel, guitarists Jonas Pfetzing and Simon Triebel, bassist Andreas "Dedi" Herde and drummer Marcel Römer. The band was formed with this lineup from the band Sunnyglade in 2001.
Makan Ente Makan
Makan Ente Makan is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by Joy Thomas. The film stars Sukumari, Mammootty, Radhika and Bahadur. The film has musical score by Johnson.

J. Sasikumar
Nambiathusseril Varkey John (14 October 1927 – 17 July 2014), better known by his screen name Sasikumar, was an Indian film director who worked in Malayalam cinema. He has directed more than 141 films in his career which began in the mid-1960s. He is often referred to as Hitmaker Sasikumar due to the commercial success of his films. In 2012, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema

Sasikumar holds record for directing most films (141) after Telugu film director Dasari Narayana Rao (151), most films having the same actor as hero Prem Nazir in 84 films and the most films directed in a year, 15 films in 1977. He died in 2014 at the age of 86.
Jabot (horse)
Jabot (foaled 1931 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racemare who won several stakes races and set a new Santa Anita Park track record in winning the San Carlos Handicap over 13 of the premier stake racers in the country. Her place in racing history was accentuated as the dam of the 1951 American Horse of the Year, Counterpoint.

Bred and raced by Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, Jabot was trained by the father and son team of Tom and John Healey.

Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
Cornelius "Sonny" Vanderbilt Whitney (February 20, 1899 – December 13, 1992) was an American businessman, film producer, government official, writer and philanthropist. He was also a polo player who  owned a stable of Thoroughbred racehorses.
Dunnichen
Dunnichen (Scots pronunciation: [dəˈnɪxən]; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Eachain) is a small village in Angus, Scotland, situated between Letham and Forfar. It is close to Dunnichen Hill, at which the Battle of Dun Nechtain is popularly believed to have been fought. The church is part of the parish of Letham, Dunnichen and Kirkden.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Japanese cruiser Naka
Naka (那珂) was a Sendai-class light cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), named after the Naka River in the Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures of eastern Japan. Naka was the third (and final) vessel completed in the Sendai class of light cruisers, and like other vessels of her class, she was intended for use as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla.

Tochigi Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture (栃木県, Tochigi-ken) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 km2 (2,474 sq mi). Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast.

Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama, Tochigi, and Ashikaga. Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu area is known for its onsens, local sake, and ski resorts, the villa of the Imperial Family, and the Nasushiobara station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō, with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Anders Hald
Anders Hjorth Hald (3 July 1913 – 11 November 2007) was a Danish statistician. He was a professor at the University of Copenhagen from 1960 to 1982. While a professor, he did research in industrial quality control and other areas, and also authored textbooks. After retirement, he made important contributions to the history of statistics.

Hald was a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, a Member of the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters, a Member of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, and a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.

It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
She Can't Say That Anymore
"She Can't Say That Anymore" is a song written by Sonny Throckmorton, and recorded by American country music performer John Conlee. It was released in September 1980 as the second single from the album Friday Night Blues. The song reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

New York–based no wave artist Cristina covered this song on her second album Sleep It Off.

Sonny Throckmorton
James Fron "Sonny" Throckmorton (born April 2, 1941) is an American country music songwriter. He has had more than 1,000 of his songs recorded by various country singers. He has also had minor success as a recording artist, having released two major-label albums: The Last Cheater's Waltz in 1978 on Mercury Records and Southern Train in 1986 on Warner Bros. Records. Throckmorton is a member of the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and has been awarded Songwriter of the Year by both Broadcast Music Incorporated and the Nashville Songwriters Association International.
Round goby
The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a euryhaline bottom-dwelling species of fish of the family Gobiidae. It is native to Central Eurasia, including the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Round gobies have established large non-native populations in the Baltic Sea, several major Eurasian rivers, and the North American Great Lakes.

St. Clair River
The St. Clair River is a 40.5-mile-long (65.2 km) river in eastern North America that flows from Lake Huron into Lake St. Clair, forming part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States and between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan.  The river is a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway, whose shipping channels permit cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes. The St. Clair Delta is located at the mouth of the St. Clair River where it meets Lake St. Clair and is the largest delta in the Great Lakes system, covering approximately 140 square miles (360 km2).
Hillsboro Peak Lookout Tower and Cabin
The Hillsboro Peak Lookout Tower and Cabin, in Gila National Forest in Sierra County, New Mexico, is a forest fire lookout tower and cabin with one or both built in 1925.  The combination was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Hillsboro Peak has elevation 10,020 feet (3,050 m), and is in southwestern New Mexico's Black Range.

The lookout tower, in a 2007 photo, appears to be different than the 1920s tower.

The log cabin is reportedly available for public use overnight.

Black Range
The Black Range (also called the Devil's Mountains or Sierra Diablo) is an igneous mountain range running north–south in Sierra, Grant, and Catron counties in southwest New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States.
Sigan Hablando
Sigan Hablando (transl. Keep Talking) is the sixth studio album by American regional Mexican band Fuerza Regida. It was released on December 30, 2022, through Sony Music Latin, Street Mob and Rancho Humilde. It contains 13 tracks which were split from the intended 26-track album Pa Que Hablen, which was released on the same day, as both albums marked the first to feature Moisés López. Guest appearances include Edén Muñoz, Alfredo Olivas and Grupo Frontera, among others.

Alfredo Olivas
José Alfredo Olivas Rojas (born October 1, 1993) better known as Alfredo Olivas, is a regional Mexican singer-songwriter, specializing in the styles of banda, pacific norteño, norteño-banda, mariachi, and country en Español. He is popularly known as "Alfredito" (little Alfredo) or "El Patroncito" (after a song on the eponymous album El Patroncito, 2011).
Sherman A. Bernard
Sherman Albert Bernard Sr. (June 10, 1925 – May 11, 2012) was an American businessman from Jefferson Parish in the New Orleans suburbs, who served from 1972 to 1988 as the Louisiana Commissioner of Insurance. He is mainly remembered for having served twenty-six months in federal prison after he pleaded guilty to extortion in federal court in connection with his job duties.

Louisiana State Senate
The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat d'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Senado del Estado de Luisiana) is the upper house of the Louisiana State Legislature. Senators serve four-year terms and participate in various committees.
33rd Dáil
The 33rd Dáil was elected at the 2020 general election on 8 February 2020 and first met on 20 February 2020. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 26th Seanad as the Houses of the Oireachtas. There were 160 TDs in the 33rd Dáil, an increase of 2.

The 33rd Dáil was dissolved by President Michael D. Higgins on 8 November 2024, at the request of the Taoiseach Simon Harris. It lasted 4 years, 262 days.

House of Representatives
House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities.  In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often called a "Senate". In some countries, the House of Representatives is the sole chamber of a unicameral legislature.

The functioning of a house of representatives can vary greatly from country to country, and depends on whether a country has a parliamentary or a presidential system. Members of a House of Representatives are typically apportioned according to population rather than geography.

The United States House of Representatives, first convened in 1789, was closely patterned on the House of Commons of Great Britain. It retains features such as a speaker of the house who is the presiding officer.
Vladimir Shevyakov
Vladimir Timofeyevich Shevyakov (Russian: Владимир Тимофеевич Шевяков; 29 October 1859, St. Petersburg – 18 October 1930, Irkutsk) publishing under the German spelling of his name as W. Shewiakoff, was a Russian biologist who worked on Protozoa, and a professor.

Shevyakov studied under Konstantin Mereschkowski in St. Petersburg and Otto Bütschli at the University of Heidelberg. He was married to Lydia Kovalevskaya, the youngest daughter of Alexander Kovalevsky. Shevyakov, together with Konstantin Arsenyev, was editor-in-chief of additional volumes of the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. He was a  professor at St. Petersburg University until 1911 when he left science and became a vice-minister in the government of Tsar Nicholas. During the revolution he and his family moved first to Perm in Ural and in 1920 he became professor in Irkutsk.

He is mainly known for his work on Radiolaria, Ciliata and Acantharea. He described many taxa.

Konstantin Mereschkowski
Konstantin Sergeevich Mereschkowski (Russian: Константи́н Серге́евич Мережко́вский, IPA: [mʲɪrʲɪˈʂkofskʲɪj]; 4 August 1855 [O.S. 23 July] – 9 January 1921) was a Russian biologist and botanist, active mainly around Kazan, whose research on lichens led him to propose the theory of symbiogenesis – that larger, more complex cells (of eukaryotes) evolved from the symbiotic relationship between less complex ones. He presented this theory in 1910, in his work, The Theory of Two Plasms as the Basis of Symbiogenesis, a New Study of the Origins of Organisms, although the fundamentals of the idea had already appeared in his earlier 1905 work, The nature and origins of chromatophores in the plant kingdom.
Robert H. Smith-class destroyer
The Robert H. Smith class of destroyer minelayers was built by the United States during World War II. The class was named for naval officer Robert H. Smith.

These vessels were all originally laid down as Allen M. Sumner-class destroyers and converted during construction in 1944. In that time the United States produced twelve Robert H. Smith-class destroyer minelayers. Their original hull numbers were DD-735-40, 749–51, and 771–73. None of the Robert H. Smith-class vessels ever laid a mine in wartime, though they were frequently employed in minesweeping. Minelayers did not carry torpedo tubes. Otherwise they were used interchangeably with other destroyer types. As radar pickets at Okinawa, Aaron Ward, Lindsey, and J. William Ditter were damaged by kamikazes, and Shea by a Baka bomb. Five of the class served actively in the 1950s, but all survivors were mothballed by the end of the decade and were disposed of in the 1970s. None of this class received FRAM conversions.

Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization
The Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization (FRAM) program of the United States Navy extended the lives of World War II-era destroyers by shifting their mission from a surface attack role to that of a submarine hunter. The FRAM program also covered cruisers, aircraft carriers,  submarines, amphibious ships, and auxiliaries. The United States Coast Guard also used this term in the 1980s for the modernization of its Hamilton-class cutters.
Samir Roychoudhury
Samir Roychowdhury (Bengali: সমীর রায়চৌধুরী) (1 November 1933 – 22 June 2016), one of the founding fathers of the Hungry Generation (also known as Hungryalism or Hungrealism (1961–1965)), was born at Panihati, West Bengal, in a family of artists, sculptors, photographers, and musicians. His grandfather Lakshminarayan, doyen of the Sabarna Roy Choudhury clan of Uttarpara, had learned drawing and bromide-paper photography from John Lockwood Kipling, father of Rudyard Kipling, who was Curator at the Lahore Museum (now in Pakistan), and thereafter established the first mobile photography-cum-painting company in India in the mid-1880s. The company was later taken over by Samir's father Ranjit (1909–1991). Samir's mother Amita (1916–1982) was from a progressive family of 19th-century Bengal renaissance.

John Lockwood Kipling
John Lockwood Kipling CIE (6 July 1837 – 26 January 1911) was an English art teacher, illustrator and museum curator who spent most of his career in India. He was the father of the author Rudyard Kipling.
2008 ATP Challenger Series
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Series is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2008 ATP Challenger Series calendar comprised 176 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $150,000.

Dawid Olejniczak
Dawid Olejniczak (Polish pronunciation: [ˈdavit ɔlɛjˈɲit͡ʂak]; born March 1, 1983, in Łódź) is a Polish former tennis player.

Olejniczak has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 185, achieved on 11 August 2008. He also has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 206, achieved on 17 July 2006.
Forcing (mathematics)
In the mathematical discipline of set theory, forcing is a technique for proving consistency and independence results. Intuitively, forcing can be thought of as a technique to expand the set theoretical universe  to a larger universe  by introducing a new "generic" object .

Forcing was first used by Paul Cohen in 1963, to prove the independence of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. It has been considerably reworked and simplified in the following years, and has since served as a powerful technique, both in set theory and in areas of mathematical logic such as computability theory. Descriptive set theory uses the notions of forcing from both computability theory and set theory. Forcing has also been used in model theory, but it is common in model theory to define genericity directly without mention of forcing.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Cloyes-sur-le-Loir
Cloyes-sur-le-Loir (French pronunciation: [klwa syʁ lə lwaʁ], literally Cloyes on the Loir) is a former commune on the River Loir, a few kilometres south of the town of Châteaudun in the department of Eure-et-Loir in northern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Cloyes-les-Trois-Rivières.

Châteaudun
Châteaudun (French pronunciation: [ʃɑtodœ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.  It was the site of the Battle of Châteaudun during the Franco-Prussian War.