hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modes of convergence (annotated index)
The purpose of this article is to serve as an annotated index of various modes of convergence and their logical relationships.  For an expository article, see Modes of convergence.  Simple logical relationships between different modes of convergence are indicated (e.g., if one implies another), formulaically rather than in prose for quick reference, and indepth descriptions and discussions are reserved for their respective articles.

Guide to this index.  To avoid excessive verbiage, note that each of the following types of objects is a special case of types preceding it: sets, topological spaces, uniform spaces, topological abelian groups (TAG), normed vector spaces, Euclidean spaces, and the real/complex numbers.  Also note that any metric space is a uniform space.  Finally,  subheadings will always indicate special cases of their super headings.

The following is a list of modes of convergence for:

Uniform space
In the mathematical field of topology, a uniform space is a set with additional structure that is used to define uniform properties, such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence. Uniform spaces generalize metric spaces and topological groups, but the concept is designed to formulate the weakest axioms needed for most proofs in analysis.

In addition to the usual properties of a topological structure, in a uniform space one formalizes the notions of relative closeness and closeness of points.  In other words, ideas like "x is closer to a than y is to b" make sense in uniform spaces.  By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets A,B it is meaningful to say that a point x is arbitrarily close to A (i.e., in the closure of A), or perhaps that A is a smaller neighborhood of x than B, but notions of closeness of points and relative closeness are not described well by topological structure alone.
Umatilla Site
The Umatilla Site (Smithsonian trinomial: 35UM1 and 35UM35) is an archaeological site near Umatilla, Oregon, United States. Situated on the shores of the Columbia River, the prehistoric component of the site is associated with the origins of seasonal (winter) sedentism around fishing opportunities. Pit houses at Umatilla date to at least 470 BCE, and significant evidence is present of occupations earlier than the pit houses. Other remains found include stone and bone art objects, burials, and extensive animal remains. The total set of remains may represent the largest prehistoric site in Oregon by area. The site may also yield useful evidence of the historical period of the town of Umatilla, founded over the prehistoric remains in the 1860s as a gold mining supply base and relocated in 1967 in connection with the construction of the John Day Dam.

The Umatilla Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

John Day Dam
The John Day Dam is a concrete gravity run-of-the-river dam spanning the Columbia River in the northwestern United States. The dam features a navigation lock plus fish ladders on both sides. The John Day Lock has the highest lift (at 110 feet or 34 meters) of any U.S. lock. The reservoir impounded by the dam is Lake Umatilla, and it runs 76.4 miles (123.0 km) up the river channel to the foot of the McNary Dam. John Day Dam is part of the Columbia River Basin system of dams.
Ofakim railway station
The Ofakim railway station is a railway station situated in Ofakim, Israel. It is located on the Ashkelon–Beersheba railway between Netivot and Beersheba and was opened to the public on December 31, 2015. Next to the station, a new neighbourhood with affordable prices, specially designed for young people, is planned to be built by a NGO called Noah Initiative. The neighbourhood is designed as a Transit-oriented district, so the train will play a pivotal role in allowing the residents to live in the district while working in Beersheba or in the center of Israel.

Ashkelon–Beersheba railway
The Ashkelon–Beersheba railway is a railway line linking Ashkelon and Beersheba operated by Israel Railways. It spans approximately 60 km of double track in the northern Negev region of southern Israel and provides rail service to the cities of Sderot, Netivot and Ofakim.  The line links Beersheba, Sderot, Netivot, and Ofakim to Ashkelon and Tel Aviv.
1996 Italian Indoor – Doubles
1996 Italian Indoor, Boris Becker and Guy Forget were the defending champions but only Forget competed that year with Jakob Hlasek.

Forget and Hlasek lost in the final 6–4, 7–5 against Andrea Gaudenzi and Goran Ivanišević.

Guy Forget
Guy Forget (French: [ɡi fɔʁʒɛ]; born 4 January 1965) is a French tennis administrator and retired professional player. During his career, he helped France win the Davis Cup in both 1991 and 1996. Since retiring as a player, he has served as France's Davis Cup team captain.
WASP-6b
WASP-6b, also named Boinayel, is an exoplanet approximately 650 light years away in the constellation Aquarius. It was discovered in 2008, by the WASP survey, by astronomical transit across its parent star WASP-6. This planet orbits at only 4% of the Earth-Sun distance. The planet has a mass half that of Jupiter, but its insolation has forced a thermal expansion of its radius to greater than that of Jupiter. Thus, this planet is an inflated hot Jupiter. Starspots on the host star WASP-6 helped to refine the measurements of the mass and the radius of the planet.

Starspot
Starspots are stellar phenomena, so-named by analogy with sunspots.  Spots as small as sunspots have not been detected on other stars, as they would cause undetectably small fluctuations in brightness. The commonly observed starspots are in general much larger than those on the Sun: up to about 30% of the stellar surface may be covered, corresponding to starspots 100 times larger than those on the Sun.
Valentina Giovagnini
Valentina Giovagnini (6 April 1980 – 2 January 2009) was an Italian pop singer, active between 2001 and 2009. She was born in Arezzo, Italy.

She made her first appearance at the Sanremo Music Festival (Youth Section) in 2002, coming second with the song "Il passo silenzioso della neve" (The Quiet Step of the Snow).

Her first solo album, Creatura nuda (Nude Creature), uses unusual typical Celtic instruments: whistle, musette de cour, uilleann pipes and others. It was released in March 2002.

She died at the age of 28 in Siena, Italy, of injuries sustained in a car accident.

A second posthumous record entitled "L'amore non ha fine" (Love Has No End), containing songs recorded from 2003 to 2008, and never before released, including the title-track of this record L'amore non ha fine, was released in May 2009.

Musette de cour
The musette de cour or baroque musette is a type of Baroque bagpipe. Visually, the musette is characterised by the short, cylindrical shuttle-drone and the two chalumeaux. Both the chanters and the drones have a cylindrical bore and use a double reed, giving a quiet tone similar to the oboe. The instrument is blown by a bellows.

The qualification "de cour" does not appear in the name for the instrument in original musical scores; title-pages usually refer to it simply as a musette, allowing occasional confusion with the piccolo oboe, also known as the (oboe) musette.
Henri de Feynes
Henri de Feynes, Comte de Monfart, Monsart or Montfort, was a 17th-century French explorer and adventurer who was the first Frenchman to visit China. He may have been sent on a secret mission by King Henry IV. Henri de Feynes arrived in China in 1609, after three years travelling on land and on the seas. He finally reached the city of Canton.

Henri de Feynes published an account of his journey in London in 1615. His book was then published in French in 1630.  Long thought to be a charlatan, corroboration having been found from contemporaries Jean Mocquet and François Pyrard, his account is now recognised as genuine.

Jean Mocquet
Jean Mocquet (1576 – after 1617) was a French traveller and royal apothecary. He made six long sea voyages, and attempted a circumnavigation of Earth, apparently in order mainly to collect plants and animal specimen for King Henry IV of France. He published an account of his travels in 1617, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes orientales et occidentales.
Beit Hanania
Beit Hanania (Hebrew: בֵּית חֲנַנְיָה, lit. House of Hanania) is a moshav in northern Israel. Located close to the south edge of Mount Carmel close to Zikhron Ya'akov, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 846.

Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel (Hebrew: הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, romanized: Har haKarmel; Arabic: جبل الكرمل, romanized: Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias (Arabic: جبل مار إلياس, romanized: Jabal Mār Ilyās, lit. 'Mount Saint Elias/Elijah'; Hebrew: הַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ אֵלִיָּהוּ, romanized: Har haQadosh Eliyahu), is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast. The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A number of towns are situated there, most notably Haifa, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern and western slopes.
Lemminkäinen's Mother
Lemminkäinen's Mother (Lemminkäisen äiti) is an 1897 Romantic nationalist painting by Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The painting illustrates a passage from the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic compiled by Elias Lönnrot in the 19th century.

The painting depicts a scene from a poem where the hero Lemminkäinen has died and his mother has dredged the pieces of her son's lifeless body from the river of Tuonela and sewn them together again. She is shown with the body in pietà style, waiting for the bee, a messenger of the god Ukko (god of the sky, weather, harvest, and thunder), to bring her honey from the gods to bring her son to life again.

Lemminkäinen
Lemminkäinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈlemːiŋˌkæi̯nen]) or Lemminki (pronounced [ˈlemːiŋki]) is a prominent figure in Finnish mythology. He also appears in Karelian and Estonian folk poetry. He is one of the heroes of the Kalevala, where his character is a composite of several separate heroes of oral poetry. He is usually depicted as young and good-looking, with wavy red hair.

The original, mythological Lemminkäinen is a shamanistic figure. In the Kalevala, he has been blended together with epic war-heroes Kaukomieli/Kaukamoinen and Ahti Saarelainen.
Marcos Fink
Marcos Fink (born 26 November 1950 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine-Slovenian singer of classical music. He was a member of various vocal groups in Argentina, and began his solo singing career in 1985. He was educated by many European maestros: Wolfgang Schöne (Bach Academy Stuttgart), Philippe Huttenlocher, Aldo Baldin, Eric Werba, and Guillermo Opitz.

His sister is Bernarda Fink, also a classical music singer.

Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart
Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart is a foundation in Stuttgart, founded by Helmuth Rilling in 1981 to foster international concerts and workshops, namely Musikfest Stuttgart, dedicated especially to the music of Johann Sebastian Bach in relation to present day composition. Its director has been Hans-Christoph Rademann from 1 June 2013.
A Cowboy's Born with a Broken Heart
"A Cowboy's Born with a Broken Heart" is a song written by Chris Farren and Jeffrey Steele, and recorded by American country music band Boy Howdy.  It was released in June 1993 as the second single from their album Welcome to Howdywood.  The song reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in September 1993.

Jeffrey Steele
Jeffrey LeVasseur (born August 27, 1961), known as Jeffrey Steele, is an American country music singer and songwriter. Along with recording his own material, Steele has become a prolific Nashville songwriter, having co-written more than 60 hit songs for such artists as Montgomery Gentry, Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, LeAnn Rimes, Rascal Flatts, Billy Ray Cyrus, and others.

Between 1990 and 1996, Steele was the lead singer and bass guitarist in the country music band Boy Howdy, which recorded two albums and an EP on Curb Records, in addition to charting seven singles on the Billboard country music charts. After Boy Howdy disbanded, Steele embarked on a solo career, recording seven studio albums (one of which was not released). He also charted four singles as a solo artist, with the highest-peaking ("Somethin' in the Water") reaching No. 33 on the country charts in 2001.
1999 Adamawa State gubernatorial election
The 1999 Adamawa State gubernatorial election occurred in Nigeria on January 9, 1999. The PDP nominee Boni Haruna won the election, defeating the APP's Bala Takaya.

Atiku Abubakar was the PDP candidate after the primary election and de facto winner of the 1999 Adamawa gubernatorial election, but got nominated by PDP presidential candidate, Olusegun Obasanjo, as vice president. His running mate, Boni Haruna, thereafter assumed his place as Governor-elect. Haruna thereafter picked Bello Tukur as running mate. Among other PDP primary election contestants was Abubakar Girei who got just two votes.

Abubakar Girei
Abubakar Halilu GireiListenⓘ (born 14 March 1954) is a Nigerian politician who served as the senator representing Adamawa Central senatorial district from 1999 to 2003, at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic.

After taking his seat in the Senate he was appointed to committees on Senate Services, Banking & Currency, Internal Affairs (Vice Chairman) and Local & Foreign Debts.

In January 2011, Girei was a contender to be the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) candidate for the Adamawa Central Senatorial District in the 2011 elections, but came third in the primaries. Alhaji Bello Tukur, former chief of staff to Governor Murtala Nyako, was declared winner.
Salvatore Mastroieni
Salvatore Mastroieni  (5 March 1914 – 25 August 1996) was an Italian long-distance runner. He competed at the 1934 European Athletics Championships in the Men's 5000 metres and finished 5th. He was national champion in the 5000 metres that year. Two years later, he competed in the same event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin but finished 6th in Heat 3, narrowly missing the cut.

1934 European Athletics Championships
The 1st European Athletics Championships were held in Turin, Italy, at the Stadio Benito Mussolini between 7 and 9 September 1934.  A contemporaneous report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

There were no women's events.
First Macedonian War
The First Macedonian War (214–205 BC) was fought by Rome, allied (after 211 BC) with the Aetolian League and Attalus I of Pergamon, against Philip V of Macedon, contemporaneously with the Second Punic War (218–201 BC) against Carthage.  There were no decisive engagements, and the war ended in a stalemate.

During the war, Macedon attempted to gain control over parts of Illyria, but without success. It is commonly thought that these skirmishes in the east prevented Macedon from aiding the Carthaginian general Hannibal in the war with Rome. The Peace of Phoenice (205 BC) formally ended the war.

Strategos
Strategos (pl.  strategoi), also known by its Latinised form strategus, is a Greek term meaning 'military general'. In the Hellenistic world and in the Byzantine Empire, the term also described a military governor. In the modern Hellenic Army, it is the highest officer rank.
Zaki Azmi
Zaki bin Azmi (Jawi: زكي بن عزمي; born 12 September 1945) is a Malaysian barrister who served as the sixth Chief Justice of Malaysia. He was appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) on 21 October 2008 after his predecessor, Abdul Hamid Mohamad, retired from office.

Zaki, who was previously a practising lawyer, was directly appointed a Federal Court judge on 5 September 2007—a first in Malaysian judicial history. Zaki is the son of former Lord President of the Federal Court Azmi Mohamed. He was appointed president of the Court of Appeal in December 2007.

Zaki's appointment as a Federal Court judge has been criticised by the Opposition citing his swift ascendency, presence of more senior judges, and the fact that he was a legal adviser to the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the major component party in the ruling coalition, just prior to his appointment as a judge.

King of Malaysia
The King of Malaysia, officially Yang di-Pertuan Agong (lit. 'He who is made Lord', Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ‎), is the constitutional monarch and ceremonial head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the Conference of Rulers, comprising the nine rulers of the Malay states, with the office de facto rotated between them, making Malaysia one of the world's few elective monarchies.

The 17th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor. He was elected on 26 October 2023, at a special meeting of the Conference of Rulers; he took the oath of office and was sworn in at the Istana Negara on 31 January 2024. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's queen consort is known as the Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen of Malaysia), currently Raja Zarith Sofiah. The royal couple are styled in English as "His Majesty" and "Her Majesty".
German Salt Museum
The German Salt Museum (German: Deutsche Salzmuseum / Industriedenkmal Saline Lüneburg) in the German town of Lüneburg, on the site of the old production facilities of the Lüneburg Saltworks (Lüneburger Saline) when it was closed in 1980.  In 1991, it won the Council of Europe Museum Prize.

This industrial memorial which is based in the boiling house built in 1924 is one of the earliest of its type. It recalls the history of the oldest and, at one time, the greatest industrial operation in central Europe.

The museum is divided into four exhibition areas:

Salt in general (Salz allgemein)

20th century (20. Jahrhundert)

19th century (19. Jahrhundert)

Middle Ages and Early modern period (Mittelalter and frühe Neuzeit)

During the summer demonstrations take place in a replica of part of a medieval boiling hut are available on request. Members of the salt museum staff, dressed in historical costume, demonstrate the salt-boiling process using lead salt pans heated on wood fires.

European Museum of the Year Award
The European Museum of the Year Award (EMYA) is presented each year by the European Museum Forum (EMF) under the auspices of the Council of Europe. The EMYA is considered the most important annual award in the European museum sector.
Podlipovica
Podlipovica (pronounced [pɔˈdliːpɔʋitsa]) is a settlement immediately west of Izlake in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

The ruins of Medija Castle and the restored castle chapel are located in the southern part of the settlement.

Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi
The Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi (pronounced [zaˈɡoːɾjɛ ɔp ˈsaːʋi]; Slovene: Občina Zagorje ob Savi) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Zagorje ob Savi. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region. The population of the municipality is about 17,000.

Archaeological evidence shows that the area was already settled in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age.
Eli Marie Raasok
Eli Marie Raasok (born 21 November 1996) is a Norwegian handball player who plays for Storhamar HE and the Norwegian national team.

On 4 February 2021, it was announced that she had signed a 1-year contract with Randers HK, from  Silkeborg-Voel KFUM.

She participated at the 2016 Women's Junior World Handball Championship in Russia, placing 5th.

She won her first gold medal at the 2024 European Championship, beating Denmark in the final.

At the 2025 World Championship she won her first World Championship gold medal.

2016 Women's Junior World Handball Championship
The 2016 Women's Junior World Handball Championship was the 20th edition of the tournament and took place in Moscow, Russia from 2 to 15 July 2016. Denmark won their second title after defeating Russia 32–28 in the final.
St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church
34°03′32″N 118°28′28″W﻿ / ﻿34.05889°N 118.47444°W﻿ / 34.05889; -118.47444

St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church is a Catholic church in the Los Angeles Archdiocese, Our Lady of the Angels Pastoral Region.  The church is located on Sunset Boulevard in the affluent Brentwood section of Los Angeles, California.

Pat O'Brien (actor)
William Joseph Patrick O'Brien (November 11, 1899 – October 15, 1983) was an American film actor with more than 100 screen credits. Of Irish descent, he often played Irish and Irish-American characters and was referred to as "Hollywood's Irishman in Residence" in the press. One of the best-known screen actors of the 1930s and 1940s, he played priests, cops, military figures, pilots, and reporters. He is especially well-remembered for his roles in Knute Rockne, All American (1940), Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), and Some Like It Hot (1959). He was frequently paired onscreen with Hollywood star and close friend James Cagney. O'Brien also appeared on stage and television.
2000 Liberty Bowl
The 2000 Liberty Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game played on December 29, 2000, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The 42nd edition of the Liberty Bowl was played between the Colorado State Rams and the Louisville Cardinals. The game was sponsored by the Axa Equitable Life Insurance Company and was branded as the AXA Liberty Bowl. Colorado State won the game, 22–17; Colorado State running back Cecil Sapp, the game's MVP, ran for a career-high 160 yards and a touchdown.

Cecil Sapp
Cecil Sapp (born December 23, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2003. He played college football at Colorado State. Sapp also played for the Houston Texans and New York Sentinels.
El engaño
El engaño (English title:The deception) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ernesto Alonso for Televisa in 1986. It is an original story by Caridad Bravo Adams, adapted by Fernanda Villeli and directed by Sergio Jiménez.

Erika Buenfil, Frank Moro and Guillermo García Cantú starred as protagonists, while Sergio Jiménez and Luz María Jerez starred as main antagonists.

Ernesto Alonso
Ernesto Alonso (February 28, 1917 – August 7, 2007) was a Mexican producer, director, cinematographer and actor. He was nicknamed "El Señor Telenovela" ("Mr. Soap Opera") because most of his work centered on telenovelas known around the world.
Amderma
Amderma (Russian: Амдерма, lit. 'a walrus rookery' in Nenets) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Zapolyarny District of Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the coast of Kara Sea, near the Vaygach Island, 490 kilometers (300 mi) from Naryan-Mar, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 541 (2010 census); 647 (2002 census).

Rookery
A rookery is a colony of breeding rooks, and more broadly a colony of several types of breeding animals, generally gregarious birds.

Coming from the nesting habits of rooks, the term is used for corvids and the breeding grounds of colony-forming seabirds, marine mammals (true seals or sea lions), and even some turtles. Rooks (northern-European and central-Asian members of the crow family) have multiple nests in prominent colonies at the tops of trees. Paleontological evidence points to the existence of rookery-like colonies in the pterosaur Pterodaustro.

The term rookery was also borrowed as a name for dense slum housing in nineteenth-century cities, especially in London.