hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sample preparation
In analytical chemistry, sample preparation (working-up) refers to the ways in which a sample is treated prior to its analyses. Preparation is a very important  step in most analytical techniques, because the techniques are often not responsive to the analyte in its in-situ form, or the results are distorted by interfering species. Sample preparation may involve dissolution, extraction, reaction with some chemical species, pulverizing, treatment with a chelating agent (e.g. EDTA), masking, filtering, dilution, sub-sampling or many other techniques.
Treatment is done to prepare the sample into a form ready for analysis by specified analytical equipment.
Sample preparation could involve: crushing and dissolution, chemical digestion with acid or alkali, sample extraction, sample clean up  and sample pre-concentration.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Disappearance of Rahma el-Dennaoui
Rahma el-Dennaoui (born 19 April 2004) is a Lebanese Australian girl who went missing on 10 November 2005, when she was 19 months old. She was last seen early that morning in the bedroom of her home in Lurnea, Sydney, Australia, where she and her siblings slept. Despite a police search and investigation, appeals to the general public and a coronial inquest in 2012, no trace has been found of the child as of May 2019.

NSW Police have posted a reward of A$250,000 for information which would help to close the case.

Lebanese Australians
Lebanese Australians (Arabic: اللبنانيون الأستراليون) refers to citizens or permanent residents of Australia of Lebanese ancestry. The population is diverse, having a large Christian religious base, being mostly Maronite Catholics, while also having a large Muslim group of Sunni and Shia branches.

Lebanon, in both its modern-day form as the Lebanese state (declared 1920; independent 1943), and its historical form as the region of the Lebanon, has been a source of migrants to Australia since the 1870s. 248,430 Australians (about 1% of the total population) claimed some Lebanese ancestry in 2021. The 2021 census reported 87,343 Lebanese-born people in Australia, with nearly 66,000 of those resident in Greater Sydney.
Rebecka Hemse
Ingrid Rebecka Elisabet Hemse (born 4 August 1975) is a Swedish actress. She is best known for her role as Martin Beck's daughter Inger.

She works at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm.

In 2008, she was Ofelia in Staffan Valdemar Holm's theatre play Hamlet and Karoline in the play Kasimir och Karoline. In 2009, she was Sanna Rönne in Final.

Earlier Hemse has played Clara in Riddartornet (2004), Mária Jefimovna Grékova in Platonov (2005), the princess from Athens in Fedra (2006), and Agnes in August Strindberg's Ett drömspel (2007).

A Dream Play
A Dream Play (Swedish: Ett drömspel), sometimes staged in English as The Dream Play, is a fantasy play in 14 scenes written in 1901 by the Swedish playwright August Strindberg. It was published in Swedish in 1902 and first performed in Stockholm on 17 April 1907. It remains one of Strindberg's most admired and influential dramas, seen as an important precursor to both dramatic Expressionism and Surrealism.
Youtz
Youtz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Byron Youtz, acting president of Reed College in summer 1968

Cleo Youtz (1909–2005), American statistician

Gregory Youtz, composer, 1984 Charles Ives Prize winner

Karena Youtz, poet and song lyricist in Poetry Bus Tour, sister of Ralf

Ralf Youtz (born 1972), American rock drummer, brother of Karena

Cleo Youtz
Cleo S. Youtz (1909–2005) was an American statistician who worked for many years at Harvard University as the research assistant, collaborator, computer, and coauthor of Frederick Mosteller, as manager of Mosteller's other staff, and as the historian of the Harvard statistics department. Youtz was hired by Mosteller in 1957 when he was appointed chair of the newly formed department, and continued working with Mosteller after he retired from teaching in 1987, until he finally left Harvard in 2003.
't Hooft loop
In quantum field theory, the 't Hooft loop is a magnetic analogue of the Wilson loop whose spatial loop operator give rise to thin loops of magnetic flux associated with magnetic vortices. They play the role of a disorder parameter for the Higgs phase in pure gauge theory. Consistency conditions between electric and magnetic charges limit the possible 't Hooft loops that can be used, similarly to the way that the Dirac quantization condition limits the set of allowed magnetic monopoles. They were first introduced by Gerard 't Hooft in 1978 in the context of possible phases that gauge theories admit.

Magnetic flux
In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B over that surface.  It is usually denoted Φ or ΦB. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb; in derived units, volt–seconds or V⋅s), and the CGS unit is the maxwell. Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils, and it calculates the magnetic flux from the change of voltage on the coils.
Bureau County, Illinois
Bureau County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,244. Its county seat is Princeton. Bureau County is part of the Ottawa, Illinois, Micropolitan Statistical Area, and the Hennepin Canal Parkway State Park is located partly in this county.

English Americans
English Americans (also known as Anglo-Americans) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. According to the 2020 United States census, English Americans are the largest ethnic demographic in the United States with 46.6 million Americans self-identifying as having some English origins (many combined with another heritage) representing (19.8%) of the White American population. This includes 25,536,410 (12.5% of whites) identified as predominantly or "English alone".
Koney Williams
Laconia Grant "Koney" Williams (December 18, 1919 – October 3, 1977) was a Negro league shortstop who played in the 1940s.

Williams played for the Indianapolis Clowns in 1948. In nine recorded games, he posted three hits in 26 plate appearances.

Indianapolis Clowns
The Indianapolis Clowns were a professional baseball team in the Negro American League. Tracing their origins back to the 1930s, the Clowns were the last of the Negro league teams to disband, continuing to play exhibition games into the 1980s. They began play as the independent Ethiopian Clowns, joined the Negro American League as the Cincinnati Clowns and, after a couple of years, relocated to Indianapolis. Hank Aaron was a Clown for a short period, and the Clowns were also one of the first professional baseball teams to hire a female player.
Md Ismail Hossain
Md Ismail Hossain was a police officer who served as the 14th Inspector General of Police of Bangladesh Police during 1997–1998. He was born at Fulbaria, a village of Sarishabari Upazila in Jamalpur District.

Bangladesh Police
The Bangladesh Police (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ, romanized: Baṅladeś Puliś) is the national law enforcement service of Bangladesh, operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for maintaining peace, enforcing law and order, and ensuring the safety and security of citizens across the country. While primarily concerned with law enforcement and protection of individuals and property, the Bangladesh Police also play a significant role in the criminal justice system. Established before the 1971 Liberation War, the force contributed actively during the war and has since evolved into the country’s principal policing institution. The Bangladesh Police also participate in United Nations peacekeeping missions, providing personnel for international law enforcement and security operations.
Alfio Contini
Alfio Contini (19 September 1927 – 23 March 2020) was an Italian cinematographer who collaborated with film directors such as Dino Risi (Il sorpasso, 1962; La marcia su Roma, 1963), Pasquale Festa Campanile (La matriarca, 1968), Lucio Fulci, Liliana Cavani (Galileo, 1968; The Night Porter 1974; Ripley's Game, 2002), and Michelangelo Antonioni (Zabriskie Point, 1970; Beyond the Clouds, 1995). In 1996, he won the David di Donatello for Best Cinematography award for his work on Beyond the Clouds.

Liliana Cavani
Liliana Cavani (born 12 January 1933) is an Italian film director and screenwriter. Cavani became internationally known after the success of her 1974 feature film Il portiere di notte (The Night Porter). Her films have historical concerns. In addition to feature films and documentaries, she has also directed opera.
Provident Loan Society
The Provident Loan Society of New York is a not-for-profit organization headquartered at 346 Park Avenue South on the corner of 25th Street in the Rose Hill neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was created in the 19th century by a group of influential New Yorkers as an alternative to the loan sharks of the day. Founders include Robert W. De Forest, James Speyer, Otto T. Bannard, J. P. Morgan, Jacob H. Schiff, August Belmont, Jr. and Cornelius Vanderbilt II.

Today, Provident Loan Society of New York provides short-term cash loans to individuals secured by gold and diamond jewelry, fine watches and silverware and is America's last remaining not-for-profit loan society created during the economic crisis of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

August Belmont Jr.
August Belmont Jr. (February 18, 1853 – December 10, 1924) was an American financier. He financed the construction of the original New York City Subway line (1900–1904) and for many years headed the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, which ran the transit system. He also financed and led the construction of the Cape Cod Canal in Massachusetts, which opened in 1914. 
Belmont bought the land for and built New York's Belmont Park racetrack—named for his father—and was a major owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses. 
He served as chairman of the board of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. He also served as a director of the Southern Pacific Co., parent of the railroad, and National Park Bank.
Norwegian Bandy Premier League 2011–12
The 2011–12 season of the Norwegian Premier League, the highest bandy league for men in Norway.

Eighteen games were played, with 2 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Stabæk won the league, whereas Mjøndalen and Drammen survived a relegation playoff.

Mjøndalen IF
Mjøndalen IF is a Norwegian sports club located in Mjøndalen, Buskerud, Norway. Of the different athletic endeavours that the club supports, it may be best known in Norway for its bandy national championship teams and internationally for its association football national championship teams that have competed in UEFA championships. Founded in 1910, it has sections for association football, bandy, baseball, cycling, gymnastics, handball, judo and skiing. The club formerly had a section for athletics.
Šentvid pri Zavodnju
Šentvid pri Zavodnju (pronounced [sɛnˈtʋiːt pɾi ˈzaːʋɔdnju] or [sənˈtʋiːt pɾi ˈzaːʋɔdnju]) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Šoštanj in northern Slovenia. It lies in the Mozirje Hills (Slovene: Mozirske planine) northwest of the town of Šoštanj. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Stereo Plaza
Stereo Plaza is one of Ukraine's largest indoor music venues, accommodating up to 6,000 attendees across its three-tiered structure, encompassing a total area of 3,300 square meters, (approx. 35,521 square feet). The venue features a 16 by 8 meter stage, lighting and sound systems with a total acoustic output of 125 kW, and a multi-level layout. The ground floor includes the "fan zone" – an open-plan box-theatre style space for standing room or seating – while the second and third tiers contain designated VIP and "deluxe" areas, respectively, to accommodate different audience arrangements. The VIP area can accommodate more than 200 people, and has a separate entrance and wardrobe from the ground floor. Stereo Plaza has remained an active venue since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Despite the ongoing conflict, the venue has hosted numerous concerts and events, often with a focus on supporting Ukrainian resilience and culture.

Very important person
A very important person (VIP or V.I.P.) or personage is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their high social rank, status, influence, or importance. The term was not common until sometime after World War II when it was popularised by Royal Air Force pilots.

Examples include celebrities, heads of state or government, other high-ranking politicians, or any other socially notable person who receives special treatment for any reason. The special treatment usually involves separation from common people, and a higher level of comfort or service.
The Little Rebels
The Little Rebels (French: Chiens perdus sans collier, Italian: Cani perduti senza collare) is a 1955 French-Italian drama film directed by Jean Delannoy and starring Jean Gabin, Anne Doat and Dora Doll. It premiered at the 1955 Venice Film Festival before going on general release. It was one of the most popular films at the French box office that year, drawing over four million spectators. The film was based on the 1954 novel by Gilbert Cesbron. It was shot at the Boulogne Studios in Paris and on location around and near the city including Conflans and Provins. The film's sets were designed by the art director René Renoux.

Provins
Provins (French pronunciation: [pʁɔvɛ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Known for its well-preserved medieval architecture and importance throughout the Middle Ages as an economic center and a host of annual trading fairs, Provins became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001.
Protein-arginine deiminase
In enzymology, a protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) (EC 3.5.3.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes a form of post translational modification called arginine de-imination or citrullination:

protein L-arginine + H2O  protein L-citrulline + NH3

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-arginine (arginine residue inside a protein) and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-citrulline and NH3:

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is protein-L-arginine iminohydrolase. This enzyme is also called peptidylarginine deiminase.

Peptide bond
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.

It can also be called a eupeptide bond to distinguish it from an isopeptide bond, which is another type of amide bond between two amino acids.
Morry Alter
Morry Alter is a freelance video reporter, having left WCBS New York City in 2006.

Starting his career at WCBS in September 1983, he was a feature reporter who won more than 20 Emmy awards and the Quill Award. for professional achievement in the field of journalism. In 2005 Alter moved to a part-time reporting schedule and in October 2006, aged 63, he retired from WCBS.

Quill Award
The Quill Award was an American literary award that ran for three years, from 2005 to 2007. It was a "consumer-driven award created to inspire reading while promoting literacy".

The Quills Foundation, the organization behind the award, was supported by a number of notable media corporations, including Reed Business Information, then parent of Publishers Weekly, and NBC Universal Television Stations, along with Parade Magazine, Borders, Barnes & Noble, and the American Booksellers Association.
Mike Rose (painter)
Mike Rose (born Klaus Viktor Gottfried Rose, November 22, 1932, in Grünenplan near Delligsen, Lower Saxony – August 16, 2006, in Bamberg, Bavaria) was a German painter, set designer and writer. His work covers various artistic areas such as painting and literature. Rose described himself as a "painter and poet".

Frisch
Frisch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aileen Frisch, South Korean luger

Arno Frisch, Austrian actor

Cyrus Frisch, Dutch film director

David Frisch (American football), American football player

David H. Frisch (1918–1991), American physicist

Deborah Frisch, American psychologist

Frankie Frisch (1898–1973), American baseball player

Irene Frisch (1931–2021), Holocaust survivor and author

Johan Dalgas Frisch (born 1930), Brazilian engineer and ornithologist

Johann Leonhard Frisch (1666–1743), German linguist, entomologist and ornithologist

Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), Austrian ethologist

Martin Frisch (1899–1959), Hungarian/American mechanical engineer

Max Frisch, Swiss playwright, and novelist

Michael Frisch (born 1957), German politician

Morten Frisch, Danish epidemiologist

Otto Robert Frisch (1904–1979), Austrian-British physicist

Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch (1895–1979), Norwegian economist

Uriel Frisch (born 1940), French mathematical physicist
Diddú
Sigrún Hjálmtýsdóttir (pronounced [ˈsɪɣrun ˈçaulmtʰi(ː)sˌtouʰtɪr̥]; born 8 August 1955), better known as Diddú (pronounced [ˈtɪtːu]), is an Icelandic soprano and songwriter. Educated at the Reykjavík College of Music and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, she began her singing career in the 1970s as a vocalist for the popular folk and pop group Spilverk Þjóðanna. She subsequently turned to classical music, particularly Lieder and operas.

Diddú's most recent album, Hvert Örstutt Spor (Each Tiny Step), was released in 2005.

Die Fledermaus
Die Fledermaus (German: [diː ˈfleːdɐˌmaʊs], The Bat, sometimes called The Revenge of the Bat) is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée, which premiered in 1874.
2021 Milton Keynes Council election
The 2021 Milton Keynes Council election took place May 6 to elect members of Milton Keynes Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

One third of the council was up for election, plus two by-elections following resignations in the Central Milton Keynes and Woughton and Fishermead wards.

Milton Keynes City Council
Milton Keynes City Council is the local authority for the City of Milton Keynes, a local government district in Buckinghamshire, England. The council was established in 1974 as Milton Keynes Borough Council. Since 1997 it has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council; it is independent of Buckinghamshire Council, the unitary authority which administers the rest of the county.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2024. It is based at Milton Keynes Civic Offices.
Ernst Friedrich Kärcher
Ernst Friedrich Kärcher (4 August 1789 – 12 April 1855) was a German educator and philologist born in Ichenheim, a village in Baden-Württemberg. He is remembered as an author of numerous Latin dictionaries.

He studied theology and classical languages at the University of Heidelberg, and subsequently worked for several years as a tutor. In 1815 he became a teacher at the Pädagogium in Durlach, and in 1820 was an instructor at the Lyceum Karlsruhe, where he taught classes until his death in 1855. In 1836 he was given the title of Oberstudienrath.

Kärcherstraße, a street in the Mühlburg district of Karlsruhe is named in his honor.

Classical language
A classical language is any language with an independent literary tradition and a large body of ancient written literature. Typically associated with civilizations of antiquity, these languages serve as foundational sources for historical, philosophical, religious, and scientific texts, often enduring long after their everyday spoken use has declined.

Many classical languages are considered extinct or no longer in vernacular use, while some exist in liturgical or literary contexts. Those that are still in use today tend to show highly diglossic characteristics in areas where they are used, as the difference between spoken and written language has widened over time.
Keep Calm and Carry On (Supernatural)
"Keep Calm and Carry On" is the first episode and season premiere of the paranormal drama television series Supernatural's season 12, and the 242nd overall. The episode was written by new showrunner Andrew Dabb and directed by executive producer Phil Sgriccia. It was first broadcast on October 13, 2016, on The CW. In the episode, Dean finds that his mom was resurrected by Amara and along with Castiel, discover that Sam has been kidnapped and set off to find him. Meanwhile, Crowley goes with him to find Lucifer, who was exiled from Castiel's vessel and is looking to find a new one.

The episode received positive reviews, with critics praising the new character development and writing of the episode although the slow pace received criticism.

Supernatural season 12
The twelfth season of Supernatural, an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 13, 2016, on The CW and concluded on May 18, 2017. The season consisted of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm (ET) for the first 8 episodes before moving to 8:00 pm (ET) in January 2017. This is the first season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. The season follows Sam and Dean dealing with the resurrection of their mother while trying to stop Lucifer from creating a Nephilim, while also being the target of a faction called The British Men of Letters.