hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Runcorn and Helsby by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Runcorn and Helsby was held on 1 May 2025, the same day as local elections in England. Following a recount, Sarah Pochin of Reform UK won the by-election with a majority of six votes, overturning a Labour majority of 14,696 votes in the last general election. It was the closest British post-war by-election result, and the closest result in a constituency since North East Fife in the 2017 general election.

The by-election was called after the resignation of the constituency's MP, Mike Amesbury, following a conviction for assault. On 24 February 2025, Amesbury was sentenced to ten weeks in prison for assault, which was reduced on appeal to a suspended sentence. This would have triggered a recall petition but Amesbury resigned his seat on 17 March 2025.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
Abdikadir Yusuf Aar
Abdikadir Yusuf Aar (Somali: Cabdiqaadir Yuusuf Aar; fl. 1995 - died 16 March 2011) aka Sheikh Qalbi, was an Islamic terrorist and senior Al-Shabaab officer from the Juba region.

He had been a member of Al-Itihaad Al-Islamiya (AIAI) in Luq from 1995 to 2002. In Al-Shabaab he served as leader in both Juba and Gedo regions.

During the "anti-insurgency offensive" launched by TFG and AMISOM to drive Al-Shabaab out of Mogadishu he was killed in action (KIA) near to the former Defense Ministry in Mogadishu on March 16, 2011.

Luuq
Luuq (Somali: Luuq, Arabic: لوق, Italian: Lugh) is a city in the southwestern Gedo province of Somalia. It is one of the older settlements in the area. It is the seat of the Luuq District. The town is located in a bend of the Ganana River, where the watercourse flows down from north to south in a horseshoe shape. Luuq is also known as Luuq Ganaane.
Oboe Concerto (Bellini)
The Oboe Concerto in E-flat major is an oboe concerto by Vincenzo Bellini, most likely composed in 1823. Bellini's only surviving concerto, the piece is also an important part of his limited instrumental output. Performances typically last between seven and eight minutes.

Gramophone (magazine)
Gramophone (known as The Gramophone prior to 1970) is a magazine published monthly in London, devoted to classical music, particularly to reviews of recordings. It was founded in 1923 by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie who continued to edit the magazine until 1961. It was acquired by Haymarket in 1999. In 2013 the Mark Allen Group became the publisher.

The magazine presents the Gramophone Awards each year to the classical recordings which it considers the finest in a variety of categories.

On its website Gramophone claims to be: "The world's authority on classical music since 1923."  This used to appear on the front cover of every issue; recent editions have changed the wording to "The world's best classical music reviews."

Its circulation, including digital subscribers, was 24,380 in 2014.
Aleksandar Nikolov (volleyball)
Aleksandar Vladimirov Nikolov (Bulgarian: Александър Владимиров Николов; born 30 November 2003) is a Bulgarian professional volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter for Cucine Lube Civitanova and the Bulgaria national team.

CEV U20 Volleyball European Championship
The Men's Junior European Volleyball Championship is a volleyball competition for men's national teams with players under the age of 20 years, currently held biannually and organized by the European Volleyball Confederation, the confederation for Europe.
Without Kuryokhin
Without Kuryokhin is a 1999 album by American jazz multi-instrumentalist Kenny Millions and Japanese experimental musician Otomo Yoshihide. It was dedicated to Russian jazz and experimental musician Sergey Kuryokhin. It was recorded live during a Russian mini-tour in 1996 and performed two concerts, one at Moscow, and one at Saint Petersburg.

Otomo Yoshihide
Otomo Yoshihide (大友 良英, Ōtomo Yoshihide; born August 1, 1959) is a Japanese composer and multi-instrumentalist. He  mainly plays guitar, turntables and electronics.

He first came to international prominence in the 1990s as the leader of the experimental rock group Ground Zero, and has since worked in a variety of contexts, ranging from free improvisation to noise, jazz, avant-garde and contemporary classical. He is also a pioneering figure in the EAI-scene, and is featured on important records on labels like Erstwhile Records. He has composed music for many films, television dramas, and commercials. In 2017, Otomo became the 2nd Guest Artistic Director of The Sapporo International Art Festival 2017.
CNET Video
CNET Video is a San Francisco and New York-based network showing original programming catering to the niche market of technology enthusiasts, operated by Ziff Davis through their CNET brand. CNET Video originated as the television program production arm of CNET Networks in the United States, producing programs starting in the mid-to-late 1990s. It was CNET Networks' first project. Technology-themed television shows produced by CNET Video also aired on G4 in Canada. CNET Video is a 2012 Technology People's Voice Webby Award Winner. On July 24, 2013, CNET Video launched a new CNET Video+ app for iOS, Android and Xbox SmartGlass.

MP3.com
MP3.com was a website operated by Paramount Global publishing tabloid-style news items about digital music and artists, songs, services, and technologies. It is better known for its original incarnation as a legal, free music-sharing service, named after the popular music file format MP3, popular with independent musicians for promoting their work. That service was shut down on December 2, 2003, by CNET, which, after purchasing the domain name (but not MP3.com's technology or music assets), established the current MP3.com site.
Bear Lake (Alaska)
Bear Lake (one of a dozen lakes by this name in Alaska) is near the town of Seward and Resurrection Bay, in the Kenai Peninsula Borough on the  Kenai Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is publicly accessible by turning down Bear Creek Road, which connects it to the Seward Highway, and then Old Sawmill Road. It is the site of salmon enhancement activities since 1962. This program is now managed by the Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association.
Current projects at Bear Lake focus on increasing sockeye and coho salmon by controlling species that are predators and competitors, and by stocking the lake with those salmon species. The lake is primarily fed by the meltwater of Bear Lake Glacier, which feeds into it via the upper portion of Bear Creek.

The Bear Lake Formation provides scientists with important geological information about the Miocene environment.

Kenai Peninsula
The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai (/ˈkiːnaɪ/, KEE-ny) is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina ("People along the Kahtnu (Kenai River)"), who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen ("the good land").
Quaid-e-Azam House
The Quaid-e-Azam House, also known as Flagstaff House, is a house museum dedicated to the personal life of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. Located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, it was designed by British architect Moses Somake.

This is the former residence of Jinnah, who lived there from 1944 until his death in 1948. His sister, Fatima Jinnah lived there until 1964. It was bought by Jinnah in 1943 at the cost of 115,000 Indian rupees (equivalent to ₹17,466,973 in 2023). The building was later acquired in 1985 by the Pakistani government and converted to a museum.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Eltham North
Eltham North is a suburb of Melbourne, Australia. The suburb sits 21 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Banyule and Shire of Nillumbik local government areas. Eltham North recorded a population of 6,830 at the 2021 census.

Originally an outlying rural part of Eltham, it became a separate locality with the opening of the Eltham North Primary School in 1925. At that time the locality was known as Glen Park, and the name was recorded in street directories until the 1960s. Nevertheless, the postal district was Eltham North.

Diamond Creek separates Eltham North from Eltham on its eastern edge.  Eltham North shares the same postcode as Eltham (3095).

Shire of Nillumbik
The Shire of Nillumbik (/ˈnɪləmbɪk/ NILL-əm-bik) is a local government area in Victoria, Australia. It contains Melbourne's outer north-eastern suburbs, including the major centres of Eltham and Diamond Creek, as well as numerous rural localities beyond the urban area. It has an area of 432 square kilometres and at the 2021 census, the Shire had a population of 62,895.  The Shire uses the tag-line The Green Wedge Shire. The Nillumbik Council offices are located in Civic Drive, Greensborough.

The shire's name is derived from the Parish of Nillumbik, which was named in the 1830s, the term nyilum bik meaning "bad earth" or "red earth" in the local Aboriginal language Woiwurrung.

Nillumbik was rated third of 590 Australian local government areas in the Bankwest Quality of Life Index 2008.
White-browed jungle flycatcher
The white-browed jungle flycatcher (Vauriella insignis), also known as the Luzon jungle-flycatcher and the Rusty-flanked jungle-flycatcher, is a species of bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
It is endemic to Luzon island, in the Philippines. The natural habitat of the white-browed jungle flycatcher is tropical moist montane forests of the Cordillera Mountain Range and possibly Sierra Madre Mountains. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
Odd Strand
Odd Strand (21 August 1925 – 18 May 2008) was a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Aure Municipality, but grew up in Trondheim. During the German occupation of Norway he was a member of Milorg. He later studied at the University of Oslo, graduating as cand.philol. and later magister in political science in 1953.

He started a career in government ministries and agencies, and was appointed director of the Norwegian Central Information Service upon its creation in 1965. He remained director until 1993, when he reached the age limit. He was succeeded by Arne Simonsen. Statens Informasjonstjeneste no longer exists, as it was merged into Statskonsult in 2001.

Magister degree
A magister degree (also magistar, female form: magistra; from Latin: magister, "teacher") is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education.

The magister degree arose in medieval universities in Europe and was originally equal to the doctorate; while the doctorate was originally conferred in theology, law and medicine, the magister degree was usually conferred in the liberal arts, broadly known as "philosophy" in continental Europe, which encompassed all other academic subjects. In some countries, the title has retained this original meaning until the modern age, while in other countries, magister has become the title of a lower degree, in some cases parallel with a master's degree (whose name is cognate).
Michel Visi
Michel Visi (24 October 1954 in Ningfire, Ambae, Vanuatu – 19 May 2007 in Port Vila, Vanuatu) was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Port-Vila. He also served as the head of Vanuatu's Vanuatu Christian Council, an important interdenominational organization.

Visi was originally from the island of Ambae in the northern part of Vanuatu.  He was ordained as a Catholic priest on 15 December 1982 at the age of 28. He was appointed to be the Bishop of Vanuatu on 12 April 1997 by Pope John Paul II to succeed bishop Francis Lambert.  He was the first indigenous Vanuatuan to be appointed to this post.

Visi was found dead in his bedroom in Port Vila on 19 May 2007.  His funeral was held on 22 May at the Port Vila Roman Catholic Cathedral.  His funeral was officiated by the Nouméa Archbishop Michel-Marie-Bernard Calvet.

Archdiocese of Nouméa
The Archdiocese of Nouméa (Latin: Archidioecesis Numeanus; French: Archidiocèse de Nouméa) is a Metropolitan Archdiocese in New Caledonia, established in 1966.  It is responsible for the suffragan dioceses of Port-Vila and Wallis et Futuna.
History of women's rugby union matches between Canada and England
Canada women and England women first competed against each other in 1993 in the Canada Cup. It is a rivalry that has been largely dominated by England, who have won 34 of the 38 games contested with a single draw. All three of Canada’s wins have been in the United States. They have notably played each other in the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup final, as well as semi-finals of the 2002, 2006 and 2021 editions.

England and Canada clashed again in a second World Cup final in the 2025 edition with hosts, England, winning the tournament for their third title.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
Anna Mahase
Anna Mahase (1932/1933 – 24 May 2024) was a Trinidadian educator and administrator. She was principal of the St. Augustine Girls' High School in Trinidad and Tobago. She was the commissioner of teaching of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. She was noted for her service to education as well as to other public and charitable organisations.

St. Augustine Girls' High School
St. Augustine Girls' High School is one of five Presbyterian secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. It was founded in 1950 for girls between 11 and 19. It is a seven-year school, and caters to students writing both the Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) CSEC and CAPE exams. The school is among the top secondary schools in the country and cops several national scholarships annually.
Solar Wings Scandal
The Solar Wings Scandal is a family of British high-wing, single-place, hang gliders that was designed and produced by Solar Wings of Manton, Wiltshire. Introduced in 1995 it is now out of production. When it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

King post
A king post (or king-post or kingpost) is a central vertical post used in architectural or bridge designs, working in tension to support a beam below from a truss apex above (whereas a crown post, though visually similar, supports items above from the beam below).

In aircraft design a strut called a king post acts in compression, similarly to an architectural crown post.  Usage in mechanical plant and marine engineering differs again, as noted below.
Extraction of petroleum
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface. Reservoirs of petroleum are formed through the mixture of plants, algae, and sediments in shallow seas under high pressure. Petroleum is mostly recovered from oil drilling. Seismic surveys and other methods are used to locate oil reservoirs. Oil rigs and oil platforms are used to drill long holes into the earth to create an oil well and extract petroleum. After extraction, oil is refined to make gasoline and other products such as tires and refrigerators. Extraction of petroleum can be dangerous and has led to oil spills.

Oil rig
An oil rig is any kind of apparatus constructed for oil drilling.

Kinds of oil rig include:

Drilling rig, an apparatus for on-land oil drilling

Drillship, a floating apparatus for offshore oil drilling

Oil platform, an apparatus for offshore oil drilling

Oil well, a boring from which oil is extracted
Ștefan Ciuntu
Ștefan Ciuntu (born 10 April 1986) is a Romanian rugby union player. He plays as a wing.

He has played for Dinamo București (2006/07-2007/08), and plays for Baia Mare, since 2008/09. He won 3 titles of the Romanian Rugby Championship, in 2008/09, 2009/10 and 2010/11. He also plays at București Wolves.

He has 34 caps for Romania, since 2007, with 10 tries scored, 50 points on aggregate. He was called for the 2007 Rugby World Cup, playing a single game, without scoring, and for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in three games and remaining scoreless once again. He has been absent from his National Team since then.

CS Dinamo București (rugby union)
CS Dinamo București is a professional Romanian rugby union club from Bucharest, which plays in the Liga Națională de Rugby, the first division of Romanian rugby. They are the second most successful rugby union team in Romania with 16 championship titles, 14 cup titles and even a Champions League title to their name. After a pause of 15 years, Dinamo won the 2023 Liga Națională de Rugby season, denying rival CSM Știința Baia Mare a 5th historic consecutive title.
Stevenston Beach
Ardeer Beach is a Local Nature Reserve (LNR), located between Stevenston and Saltcoats in Scotland. It is situated on the coast, west of the Stevenston Burn. The park covers an area of 12 ha (81.5 acres), and consists mostly of sand dunes, with an area of coal mining spoil derived from Auchenharvie Colliery No. 5 pit which produced Ladyha' coal. It is ranked as the fifth most important sand dune system in Ayrshire. The dunes are also designated as a wildlife site by the Scottish Wildlife Trust.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Linów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Linów [ˈlinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zawichost, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Zawichost, 21 km (13 mi) north of Sandomierz, and 84 km (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Zawichost
Zawichost [zaˈvixɔst] ⓘ is a town (ca. 1,800 inhabitants as of 2006) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is located by the Vistula River in Lesser Poland, near Sandomierz. It is first mentioned in historical documents from around 1148. In 1205 the Battle of Zawichost was fought nearby. In 1241, 1259 and 1287 the town was ravaged by Mongol raids. Granted town rights before 1255, in the late Middle Ages it was one of the most important urban centers of Lesser Poland.
Deoxygenation
Deoxygenation is a chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen atoms from a molecule.  The term also refers to the removal of molecular oxygen (O2) from gases and solvents, a step in air-free technique and gas purifiers.  As applied to organic compounds, deoxygenation is a component of fuels production as well a type of reaction employed in organic synthesis, e.g. of pharmaceuticals.

Compounds with an oxygen atom removed can be described as "desoxy-" or "deoxy-" relative to the original compound, for instance deoxyribose or desoxymescaline.

Desoxy (psychedelic)
Desoxy, or DESOXY, also known as 4-desoxymescaline, 4-methylmescaline, or 4-methyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (4-Me-3,5-DMPEA), is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine). It is the analogue of mescaline in which the methoxy group at the 4 position has been replaced with a methyl group, hence an oxygen has been removed and the name "desoxy". The drug is also a positional isomer of 2C-D (4-Me-2,5-DMPEA).
Land Use Evolution and Impact Assessment Model
The Land Use Evolution and Impact Assessment Model (or LEAM) is a computer model developed
at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. LEAM is designed to simulate future land use
change as a result of alternative policies and development decisions. In recent years, LEAM has been used in combination with transportation and social cost models to better capture the effects land use has on transportation demand and social costs and vice versa.

Social cost
Social cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs. This might be applied to any number of economic problems: for example, social cost of carbon has been explored to better understand the costs of carbon emissions for proposed economic solutions such as a carbon tax.

Private costs refer to direct costs to the producer for producing the good or service. Social cost includes these private costs and the additional costs (or external costs) associated with the production of the good which are not accounted for by the free market. In short, when the consequences of an action cannot be taken by the initiator, we will have external costs in the society. We will have private costs when initiator can take responsibility for agent's action.