hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Education in Azerbaijan
Education in Azerbaijan is regulated by the Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) finds that Azerbaijan is fulfilling only 85.6% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income. HRMI breaks down the right to education by looking at the rights to both primary education and secondary education. While taking into consideration Azerbaijan's income level, the nation is achieving 81.0% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education and 90.3% for secondary education.

Qafqaz University
Qafqaz University (in Azerbaijani: Qafqaz Universiteti) was a private university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1993 and was the first and the only foreign private university in the country. On 16 January 2017, it was decided by management to shut down the university.
Nia Long
Nia Talita Long (/ˈniə/ NEE-yə; born October 30, 1970) is an American actress. Best known for her work in Black cinema, Long rose to prominence after starring in the film Boyz n the Hood (1991), and for her portrayal of Beullah "Lisa" Wilkes on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1991–1995). She then appeared in the films Friday (1995), Love Jones (1997), and Soul Food (1997).

Long is known for her roles in the films The Best Man (1999) and Big Momma's House (2000). On television, she portrayed Sasha Monroe on the crime drama series Third Watch (2003–2005), and has starred on the Fox drama series Empire (2017), and the CBS action series NCIS: Los Angeles (2017–2018). Long has received several accolades, including two NAACP Image Awards and a Black Reel Award.

NAACP Image Awards
The NAACP Image Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the American-based National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to honor outstanding performances in film, television, theatre, music, and literature. Over 40 categories of the Image Awards are voted on by the NAACP members. Honorary awards (similar to the Academy Honorary Award) have also been included, such as the President's Award, the Chairman's Award, the Entertainer of the Year, the Activist of the Year, and the Hall of Fame Award. Beyoncé is the most awarded individual with 25 wins as a solo artist.
Tommy Blackstock
Thomas Blackstock (1882 – 8 April 1907) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender. He was born in Kirkcaldy and played for the Dunniker Rangers, Manchester United, Blue Bell, Raith Rovers, Leith Athletic, and Cowdenbeath. On 8 April 1907, he died on the field while playing for Manchester United against St. Helens after sustaining a head injury and collapsing when heading the ball.

The grandson of Charlie Roberts has stated that it was Blackstock's death, and the lack of support for his family, which led Roberts and teammate Billy Meredith to form the Association of Football Players' and Trainers' Union.

Leith Athletic F.C.
Leith Athletic Football Club is a football club based in the Leith area of Edinburgh, Scotland. They compete in the East of Scotland Football League, First Division. First team matches are played at Meadowbank Stadium.

The present club considers itself to be a continuation of the original Leith Athletic F.C., which was founded in 1887. They played in the Scottish Football League in four different spells between 1897 and 1953, but went out of business in 1955. The name was revived at local youth level in 1996. In 2008, Leith Athletic returned to senior football when they amalgamated with Edinburgh Athletic and took the latter's place in the East of Scotland League.
Austin Edwin Dewar
Austin Edwin Dewar (24 April 1912 – 15 December 1985) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Indian Head, Saskatchewan and became an insurance agent, contractor, farmer, grain merchant and hotelier by career.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Qu'Appelle riding in the 1949 general election. After serving in the 21st Canadian Parliament, Dewar did not seek another federal term in the 1953 election.

21st Canadian Parliament
The 21st Canadian Parliament was in session from September 15, 1949, until June 13, 1953.  The membership was set by the 1949 federal election on June 27, 1949, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1953 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and the 17th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led by George Drew.

The Speaker was William Ross Macdonald.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1947-1952 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.
Hammer Lake
Hammer Lake is a hammer-shaped lake in Alanen Township, Algoma District, Ontario, Canada located between White River and Wawa.

Activities at Hammer Lake include canoeing, fishing, blueberry-picking, swimming, and picnicking.  Loons, beavers, and chipmunks are common, and moose are occasionally sighted as well.  Mosquitoes are abundant.

There are many privately owned cabins around the lake which have neither electricity nor running water.  Inhabitants typically obtain water from the lake and bring in supplies from the nearby towns.

The nearest establishment is the H&C Family Lodge (formerly Hammer Lake Lodge which was owned by Sarah and Stewart Waito), just across the street from the lake.  It sells food and supplies, rents out boats and equipment, and lodges visitors to the area.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Terekhol River
The Terekhol or Tiracol River is a river in western India. In its upper reaches it is known as the Banda River and in the lower reaches as the Tiracol. It forms the boundary between Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra state and North Goa district of Goa state for some distance. The Terekhol rises in the environs of the Manohargad in the Western Ghats and flows in a south-westerly direction to meet the Arabian Sea.

The Portuguese era Tiracol Fort is located on the northern mouth of this river which is also in the far north-west of Goa, which has been turned into a heritage hotel now. The fort has been converted into a tourist destination, maintained in excellent condition. From Querim, you can cross the Tiracol River by ferry and then it is 2 km to the fort.

Sindhudurg district
Sindhudurg district (Marathi pronunciation: [sin̪d̪ʱud̪uɾɡə]) is an administrative district of the Konkan division in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile Ratnagiri district. The district headquarters are located at Oros. The district occupies an area of approximately 5,207 km2 and has a population of 849,651, of which 12.59% were urban (as of 2011). As of 2011, it is the least populous district of Maharashtra (out of 36). Sindhudurg district is located in western part of Maharashtra.
Paul Moon James
Paul Moon James (1780–1854) was a successful English banker, who worked in partnership with Samuel Galton Jr. in Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham. Later other members of the Galton family joined the firm, but by the early 1830s Galton & James had been absorbed by another bank. James was also a poet, and lawyer, who also served for a time as magistrate of Worcestershire and later as High Bailiff of Birmingham, England.

High Bailiff
The High Bailiff (Manx: Ard-Vaylee) is a legal position held within the Isle of Man. The High Bailiff is the head stipendiary magistrate.

The current High Bailiff is Her Worship Jayne Hughes, who took office on 11 March 2019.

The High Bailiff and their deputy are appointed by the Lieutenant Governor. The High Bailiff and Deputy High Bailiff are ex officio judicial officers of the High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man and coroners of inquests.

Originally there was a High Bailiff of each of the four towns of the island: Castletown, Ramsey, Peel and Douglas. In 1911 the offices of High Bailiff of Castletown and Douglas, and the offices of High Bailiff of Peel and Ramsey, were merged. Those offices were merged in turn in 1933 to form a single office of High Bailiff of the Isle of Man.
Swordfish (soundtrack)
Swordfish <<The Album>> is the original soundtrack of the 2001 film Swordfish.  It was produced by Paul Oakenfold under Village Roadshow and Warner Bros. and distributed through London Sire Records, Inc.

As of 2001 it has sold 130,000 copies in United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.

Village Roadshow
Village Roadshow is an Australian company which operates cinemas and theme parks, and produces and distributes films. Before being acquired by private equity company BGH Capital, the company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange and majority owned by Village Roadshow Corporation, with members of founder Roc Kirby's family in the top roles.
Doof Festival
Doof Festival (Hebrew: פסטיבל דוף, romanized: Festival Doof) is the largest and oldest trance music festival in Israel. The festival was held for the first time in 2004 and since then it has been held every year on Passover at the ‘Golan’ coast in the eastern part of the Sea of Galilee (Kinnert). The festival hosts artists from Israel and around the world and lasts for three days.

The Doof Festival aims to create a meeting place for culture and electronic music in Israel, a contemporary digital version of the Psychedelic movement in the 1960s while preserving the values of the international raves movement. Over the years, the festival has expanded its vision in ecological directions of preserving the land, especially the beaches of the Kinneret Sea. Today, the festival is a magnet for lovers of electronic music and the trance culture from Israel and abroad and is considered one of the peak events of the trance culture in Israel.

Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, Arabic: بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias, Genezareth Lake  or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel and the Golan Heights. It is the lowest freshwater lake on Earth and the second-lowest lake in the world (after the Dead Sea, a salt lake), with its elevation fluctuating between 215 and 209 metres (705 and 686 ft) below sea level (depending on rainfall). It is approximately 53 km (33 mi) in circumference, about 21 km (13 mi) long, and 13 km (8 mi) wide. Its area is 166.7 km2 (64.4 sq mi) at its fullest, and its maximum depth is approximately 43 metres (141 ft). The lake is fed partly by underground springs, but its main source is the Jordan River, which flows through it from north to south with the outflow controlled by the Degania Dam.
Loïc Lampérier
Loïc Lampérier (born August 7, 1989) is a professional French ice hockey player who currently plays for Dragons de Rouen of the Ligue Magnus. He participated in the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the France National men's ice hockey team.

He won the Jean-Pierre Graff Trophy in 2011.

Jean-Pierre Graff Trophy
The Jean-Pierre Graff Trophy (French: Trophée Jean-Pierre Graff) is an award in the Ligue Magnus, the top professional ice hockey league in France, given to the most promising player in the league. The Trophy was first awarded in 1981 and has been presented ever year except 1989, when there was no recipient.
Nelsonville, New Jersey
Nelsonville (formerly Newell and Imlaystown Station) is an unincorporated community located within Upper Freehold Township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The settlement is located on County Route 526 between Allentown and Imlaystown where it intersects the former Pemberton and Hightstown Railroad. The site was the location of the Newell post office established in 1883 (removed in 1923). The area was originally known as Imlaystown Station as it was the closest spot to the eponymous town along the railroad. In 1887, the area was renamed to Nelsonville for the local postmaster, Charles Nelson. Other industries in the area at the time included a wagon shop and a cider mill. Today, several agricultural and light industries surround the settlement in addition to some single-family homes. The right-of-way of the former railroad is being reconstructed as the Union Transportation Trail.

Cider mill
A cider mill, also known as a cidery, is the location and equipment used to crush apples into apple juice for use in making apple cider, hard cider, applejack, apple wine, pectin and other products derived from apples. More specifically, it refers to a device used to crush or grind apples as part of the overall juice production.

The mills used to manufacture, ferment, store, and ship juice products are usually located near apple orchards. Historically, the types of structure and machinery have varied greatly—including horse powered, water driven, and machine operated mills. The presses can be fixed or portable.

Cider mills were subject to legal proceedings in New York state in the 1800s over whether they were "fixed to freeholds" and other cases addressing legal designation as to what kind of property a cider mill is.
Marples Ridgway
Marples Ridgway was a British civil engineering company founded in 1948 by engineer Reginald Ridgway and accountant Ernest Marples. Marples served as the British Minister of Transport between 1959 and 1964.  In 1964, the company was taken over by the Bath and Portland Group.

During Marples's tenure as Minister of Transport, he was accused of self-dealing and conflict of interest. This included the awarding of public sector construction projects such as the Hammersmith and Chiswick flyovers, and various motorway, dam and power station projects, to Marples Ridgway.

The company was also awarded major civil engineering projects outside the UK (e.g. Port Esquival in Jamaica, road networks in Ethiopia).

Projects completed:

Brunswick Wharf Power Station (1956)

Allt na Lairige Dam (1956)

Chiswick flyover (1959)

Hammersmith flyover (1961)

Skelton Grange Power Station

Port Esquivel shipping terminal, Jamaica

Bromford Viaduct

A329(M) motorway

M56 motorway

M27 motorway

Bromford Viaduct
The Bromford Viaduct carries the M6 motorway between Castle Bromwich (junction 5) and Gravelly Hill (junction 6; Gravelly Hill Interchange) along the River Tame valley in Birmingham, England. This elevated stretch of motorway above the Tame itself is 3+1⁄2 miles (5.5 kilometres) long, which makes it the longest viaduct in Great Britain, 1⁄4 mile (400 metres) longer than the Second Severn Crossing. It was constructed between 1964 and 1972.

Between 2012 and 2014, the motorway along the length of the viaduct was converted to a smart motorway system, with variable speed limits.
Chirala Assembly constituency
Chirala Assembly constituency is a constituency in Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency.

Madduluri Malakondaiah Yadav is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2024, there are a total of 190,408 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

Bapatla district
Bapatla district is a district in coastal Andhra in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) established on 4 April 2022. The administrative headquarters are in Bapatla. It has an Indian Air Force station and several universities.
Tendril
In botany, a tendril is a specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a thread-like shape used by climbing plants for support and attachment, as well as cellular invasion by parasitic plants such as Cuscuta. There are many plants that have tendrils; including sweet peas, passionflower, grapes and the Chilean glory-flower. Tendrils respond to touch and to chemical factors by curling, twining, or adhering to suitable structures or hosts. Tendrils vary greatly in size from a few centimeters up to 27 inches (69 centimeters) for Nepenthes harryana. The chestnut vine (Tetrastigma voinierianum) can have tendrils up to 20.5 inches (52 centimeters) in length.  Normally there is only one simple or branched tendril at each node (see plant stem), but the aardvark cucumber (Cucumis humifructus) can have as many as eight.

Tetrastigma voinierianum
Tetrastigma voinierianum, called chestnut vine and lizard plant, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tetrastigma, native to Laos and Vietnam, and introduced in Hawaii. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as a hothouse ornamental.
Pema Rinchen
Pema Rinchen is a Bhutanese former football player and manager. He plays as a defender. He won the A-Division in 2008, 2010 and 2011 and participated in the AFC President's Cup as member of the Yeedzin in 2009 and 2011.

Bhutan Super League
The Bhutan Super League, previously known as the Thimphu League and Bhutan A-Division, was the men's football league in Bhutan. Until 2012, it was the lone national top division. Between 2013 and 2020, it was played as the second division and the qualifier for the Bhutan Premier League.
Plaza of the Seven Temples
The Plaza of the Seven Temples (or Plaza de los Siete Templos in Spanish) is an architectural complex in the ruins of the Maya city of Tikal, in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala. It is to the south of Temple III and to the west of the South Acropolis; it is 300 metres (980 ft) to the southwest of the Great Plaza. The Plaza of the Seven Temples is situated directly to the east of the Mundo Perdido ("Lost World") Complex and takes its name from a row of seven small temples dating to the Late Classic Period (600–900 AD). The plaza has a surface area of approximately 25,000 square metres (270,000 sq ft), making it one of the three largest plazas in the city.

Petén Department
Petén (from the Itz'a, Noj Petén, 'Great Island') is a department of Guatemala. It is geographically the northernmost department of Guatemala, as well as the largest by area –  at 35,854 km2 (13,843 sq mi) it accounts for about one third of Guatemala's area. The capital is Flores. The population at the mid-2018 official estimate was 595,548.
Elías Moreno Brizuela
Elías Miguel Moreno Brizuela (born 23 September 1957) is a Mexican cardiologist and politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).

In the 2000 general election he was elected to the Senate for the state of Veracruz, serving during the  58th and 59th sessions of Congress. In 1994–1997 he served in the Chamber of Deputies representing Veracruz's 22nd district during the 56th Congress.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Montanha
Montanha is a settlement in the central part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is situated 2 km north of João Teves and 8 km southwest of Pedra Badejo. The area is intensively farmed; mainly maize, beans and sugar-cane.

Santiago, Cape Verde
Santiago (Portuguese for “Saint James”) is the largest island of Cape Verde, its most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation's population. Part of the Sotavento Islands, it lies between the islands of Maio (26 km (16 mi) to the east) and Fogo (55 kilometres (34 miles) to the west). It was the first of the islands to be settled: the town of Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha and a UNESCO World Heritage Site) was founded in 1462. Santiago is home to the nation's capital city of Praia.
Frege's theorem
In metalogic and metamathematics, Frege's theorem is a metatheorem that states that the Peano axioms of arithmetic can be derived in second-order logic from Hume's principle. It was first proven, informally, by Gottlob Frege in his 1884 Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (The Foundations of Arithmetic) and proven more formally in his 1893 Grundgesetze der Arithmetik I (Basic Laws of Arithmetic I). The theorem was re-discovered by Crispin Wright in the early 1980s and has since been the focus of significant work. It is at the core of the philosophy of mathematics known as neo-logicism (at least of the Scottish School variety).

Metamathematics
Metamathematics is the study of mathematics itself using mathematical methods. This study produces metatheories, which are mathematical theories about other mathematical theories. Emphasis on metamathematics (and perhaps the creation of the term itself) owes itself to David Hilbert's attempt to secure the foundations of mathematics in the early part of the 20th century. Metamathematics provides "a rigorous mathematical technique for investigating a great variety of foundation problems for mathematics and logic" (Kleene 1952, p. 59). An important feature of metamathematics is its emphasis on differentiating between reasoning from inside a system and from outside a system. An informal illustration of this is categorizing the proposition "2+2=4" as belonging to mathematics while categorizing the proposition "'2+2=4' is valid" as belonging to metamathematics.
High Altitude Observatory
The High Altitude Observatory (HAO) is a laboratory of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). HAO operates the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory on Hawaii and a research institute in Boulder, Colorado.

Its staff conduct research and provide support and facilities for the solar-terrestrial physics research community. Topics covered include solar physics, the heliosphere, and the effects of space weather on Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere.

HAO was originally founded in 1940 as a branch of the Harvard College Observatory, was transferred to the University of Colorado in the late 1940s, before becoming part of NCAR when the latter was founded in 1960.

Harvard College Observatory
The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, and was founded in 1839. With the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, it forms part of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.

HCO houses the Harvard Plate Stacks, a collection of approximately 600,000 astronomical plates taken between the mid-1880s and 1989 (with a gap from 1953–1968). This 100-year coverage is a unique resource for studying temporal variations in the universe. The Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard project scanned and 429,274 direct image plates, leaving nearly 200,000 spectra and other photographic plates yet to be digitized. In 2024, a new database, StarGlass, was created to combine the scientific data from the plates with the Plate Stack's archival holdings.