hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chengdu Open
The Chengdu Open is a men's ATP Tour 250 series tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was a new tournament added to the 2016 ATP World Tour and replaces the ATP Malaysian Open event held in Kuala Lumpur. It takes place at the Sichuan International Tennis Center in Chengdu, China.

2016 ATP World Tour
The 2016 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2016 tennis season. The 2016 ATP World Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000s, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2016 calendar were the tennis events at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Hopman Cup, neither of which distributed ranking points.
Decamentathlon
The Decamentathlon is a multi disciplined games event that was created as part of the first Mind Sports Olympiad. It was founded to try to find the best games all-rounder in the world and hence possibly the best games player. It was given a prize fund of £10,000 for the inaugural competition, that equalled
that of the highest funded event at the first MSO sponsored by Skandia.  However, the other events were spread over multiple playing sessions whereas the Decamentathlon was held over just a single session. This event was initially hailed as the MSO flagship event. Although, the Mind Sports Olympiad's other new event the Pentamind  has since become regarded as the more significant event despite not having a fixed format.

Skandia
Skandia is a Swedish financial services corporation that provides insurance, banking and asset management services.

Between 2006 and 2015, the financial group underwent major changes. From an insurance company with the main emphasis on non-life insurance to a business that is globally focused on savings, to once again becoming a Nordic banking and insurance group with a focus on security and long-term savings. In February 2006, the South African company Old Mutual took over the majority of shares in the company. In March 2012, Skandia Liv bought Skandia's Nordic operations back from Old Mutual and decided to transform Skandia into a customer-owned, mutual company retaining the Skandia name.
Datong–Jining Campaign
Datong-Jining Campaign (大同集宁战役) was a series of battles fought between the nationalists and the communists mainly in northern Shanxi and the surrounding regions during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era. The main battlefield was centered on two cities, Datong and Jining.

Army
An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch, or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army.
Yearly Departed
Yearly Departed is a series of year-in-review stand-up comedy streaming television specials featuring solely women performers, created by Bess Kalb. The specials, framed as a series of eulogies at a funeral for the year, were distributed by Prime Video. Two specials were produced and released for 2020 and 2021.

The first edition was released on December 29, 2020, and featured Phoebe Robinson as host; eulogies delivered by Tiffany Haddish, Rachel Brosnahan, Ziwe Fumudoh, Patti Harrison, Natasha Leggero, Natasha Rothwell, and Sarah Silverman; and a performance of "I Will Remember You" by Christina Aguilera.

The 2021 edition was released on December 23, 2021, and is hosted by Yvonne Orji, with eulogies delivered by Jane Fonda, X Mayo, Aparna Nancherla, Chelsea Peretti, Dulcé Sloan, and Megan Stalter, and a musical performance by Alessia Cara.

Year-in-review
A year-in-review is any sort of annual publication that covers the events of the past year from the perspective of the contributors to the publication. Years-in-review are often intended to highlight the highs and lows of the events which occurred throughout the year, and often include select works published during the year which are considered by the editors of the year-in-review to be the most memorable works of the year. Years-in-review are often used to list "Top Ten" lists voted upon by hired critics and reviewers of other media.

On broadcast media, years-in-review (also called "Countdowns") are segments of regular series or annual specials which offer mini-documentaries summarizing the highs and lows of the prior year.
Ding Fubao
Ding Fubao (Chinese:丁福保; 22 June 1874 – 28 November 1952)
was a medical doctor, and noted Chinese scholar, who worked on Buddhist subjects, known for his authoritative work, A Dictionary of Buddhist Terms, which took 8 years to write and contained more than 30,000 entries; the Shuowen jiezi, and numismatics.

Ding was a key figure in the world of Chinese numismatics, and was President of the China Numismatic Society (Zhongguo quanbi xueshe 中國泉幣學社) from 1940. He was also known as Ding Zhonggu 丁仲祜 and 丁仲估.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Grade I listed buildings in Oxfordshire
There are approximately 372,905 listed buildings in England, with 2.5% classified as Grade I. Oxfordshire is divided into the districts of Oxford, Cherwell, South Oxfordshire, Vale of White Horse, and West Oxfordshire. The 381 Grade I listed buildings in the county have been organized into separate lists for each district.

Grade I listed buildings in Cherwell (district)

Grade I listed buildings in Oxford

Grade I listed buildings in South Oxfordshire

Grade I listed buildings in Vale of White Horse

Grade I listed buildings in West Oxfordshire

Cherwell (district)
Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a local government district in northern Oxfordshire, England. The district was created in 1974 and takes its name from the River Cherwell, which drains south through the region to flow into the River Thames at Oxford. Towns in Cherwell include Banbury, where the council is based, and Bicester. Kidlington is a contender for largest village in England.
Alfaroa guanacastensis
Alfaroa guanacastensis is a species of plant in the Juglandaceae family, first described from material found in the vicinity of Guanacaste, Costa Rica.  It is known to flourish at altitudes from 2400 to 3700 feet.

The trees grow to 90 feet tall with a DBH of up to 2 feet.  The lower trunk often has buttresses.  The sapwood is white, and the heartwood is pink.  The pith is solid.

The opposite leaves are pinnately compound, with opposite to sub-opposite leaflets.

The tree is monoecious. The staminate inflorescences are panicles consisting of several erect catkins.  The pistillate inflorescence is a terminal spike, which may be separate from the staminate inflorescence, or may be part of an androgynous panicle.  The staminate inflorescences have an odor compared to the gardenia.

The fruit is an oval nut, twice as long as wide, with a bitter meat.  Germination is hypogeal; the first two aerial leaves are simple and opposite.

Monoecy
Monoecy (from Ancient Greek  μονοικία (monoikía) 'one household'; adj. monoecious), is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contrasted with dioecy where individual plants produce cones or flowers of only one sex, and with bisexual or hermaphroditic plants in which male and female gametes are produced in the same flower.

Monoecy often co-occurs with anemophily, because it prevents self-pollination of individual flowers and reduces the probability of self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant.: 32

Monoecy in angiosperms has been of interest for evolutionary biologists since Charles Darwin.
Min Bahadur Bham
Min Bahadur Bham is a Nepalese film director. He has won various awards including the National Film Award for Best Writer, the Norwegian Sorfond Award at the Cannes Film Festival, and the Fedeora Award at the Venice Film Festival.

In 2015, The Black Hen was selected as the Nepalese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.

Bham was born in Mugu District, Karnali Province, Nepal.

Bham is also active in Nepali politics and he is affiliated to Nepali Congress.

Karnali Province
Karnali Province (Nepali: कर्णाली प्रदेश, romanized: Karṇālī pradēśa) is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal formed by the new constitution, which was adopted on 20 September 2015. The total area of the province is 27,984 square kilometres (10,805 mi2), making it the largest province in Nepal with 18.97% of the country's area. According to the 2011 Nepal census, the population of the province was 1,570,418, making it the least populous province in Nepal. The province borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the east, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Lumbini Province to the south. Birendranagar with a population of 154,886 is both the province's capital and largest city.
William Stadden
William James Wood "Buller" Stadden (1861 –30 December 1906) was a Welsh international rugby union half back who played club rugby for Canton, Cardiff and Dewsbury. Stadden won eight caps for Wales over a period of seven years and is most remembered for scoring the winning try in 1890 to give Wales their first victory over England. He committed suicide in Dewsbury, after murdering his wife on Christmas Day 1906.

Canton, Cardiff
Canton (Welsh: Treganna) is an inner-city district and community in the west of Cardiff, capital of Wales, lying 2 miles (3.2 km) west of the city's civic centre. It is located adjacent to Pontcanna. Canton is one of the most ethnically diverse of Cardiff's suburbs, with a significant Pakistani and Indian population. The total population of Canton increased to 16,138 at the 2021 census. It is also the most Welsh-speaking ward in Cardiff, with 24% of the population aged three years old and over being able to speak Welsh.
Teresa Trull
Teresa Trull (born June 20, 1954) is an American female singer, musician, songwriter, and record producer from Durham, North Carolina. She is recognized as a pioneer in Women's music, with her debut album The Ways a Woman Can Be released on Olivia Records in 1977.

She has recorded two albums with Barbara Higbie and one with Cris Williamson. She has toured and recorded with Bonnie Hayes, David Sanborn, Andy Narell, Darol Anger, Mike Marshall, Alex DeGrassi, Joan Baez, Linda Tillery, Cris Williamson, Holly Near, and Tracy Nelson. She has performed all over the world, from Puerto Rico to Egypt, and Costa Rica to Greece.

Trull has also worked as a songwriter, with The Whispers among others. She was twice nominated for Best Producer of an Independent Album by the New York Music Awards.

David Sanborn
David William Sanborn (July 30, 1945 – May 12, 2024) was an American alto saxophonist. He worked in many musical genres; his solo recordings typically blended jazz with instrumental pop and R&B. He began playing the saxophone at the age of 11 and released his first solo album, Taking Off, in 1975. He was active as a session musician and played on numerous albums by artists including Stevie Wonder, Bruce Springsteen, Aretha Franklin, Sting, the Eagles, Rickie Lee Jones, James Brown, George Benson, Carly Simon, Elton John, Bryan Ferry, Ween, and The Rolling Stones. Sanborn released more than 20 albums and won six Grammy awards.

In 2012, Sanborn was described by critic Scott Yanow as "the most influential saxophonist on pop, R&B and crossover players of the past 20 years." He became identified with radio-friendly smooth jazz, although he disliked the term and said he was not a jazz musician.
Gümüşörgü, Kozluk
Gümüşörgü (Kurdish: Timoq) is a village in the Kozluk District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 326 in 2021.

The hamlet of Yamaçlı is attached to the village.

Kozluk District
Kozluk District is a district of Batman Province in Turkey. Its seat is the town Kozluk. Its area is 1,101 km2, and the district had a population of 60,953 in 2021. The district was established in 1938. It is populated by Kurds.
WiFi-Where
WiFi-Where was a tool that facilitated Wardriving and detection of wireless LANs using the 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g WLAN standards. Versions existed for the operating systems iOS and Palm OS. Originally created in June 2004 for the Palm OS by Jonathan Hays of Hazelware Software, the IP for WiFi-Where was licensed to 3Jacks Software in 2009. An iPhone version of the application was released in January 2010, but was pulled from the App Store by Apple in March 2010. The app was frequently listed as a common tool to facilitate Wardriving As of 2010, it is still available in the Jailbroken Cydia store.

Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software unauthorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to the digital distribution platform for software on iOS accessed through Cydia software. Most of the software packages available through Cydia are free of charge, although some require purchasing.

Cydia is developed by Jay Freeman (named "saurik") and his company, SaurikIT. The name "Cydia" is a reference to the moth genus Cydia, notably the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), which eats fruits such as apples and pears.
Eko Heritage Awards
The Eko Heritage Awards was established in 2021 and is endorsed by the Lagos State Government. The Award celebrates and appreciates promoters of the Lagos State's cultural heritage which includes individuals and organisations from different sectors of the economy like Fashion, Agriculture, Media and also the Oil and Gas industries. The award is presented by Ivory forte entertainment and it is in two segments; The Honorary award category and the Online Voting Category. Some notable recipients of the Eko Heritage Awards include Makayla Malaka, Nancy Isime, Toyin Lawani, Nasboi, Deyemi Okanlawon, Mercy Aigbe, Kayode Kasum, Osas Ighodaro, Mr. Macaroni, Iyabo Ojo and several others.

Deyemi Okanlawon
Deyemi Okanlawon (listenⓘ; born 19 April 1981) is a Nigerian actor. He was the highest-grossing Nollywood actor of 2020 and 2021, according to the Film One Box Office report. Okanlawon is best known for his roles in Netflix Originals, including King of Boys: The Return of the King (2021), Blood Sisters (2022), Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman (2022), and Lisabi: The Uprising (2024), as well as commercially successful films like Omo Ghetto: The Saga (2020), Prophetess (2021), and All's Fair in Love (2024).
Keychain (software)
Keychain is a password management system developed by Apple for macOS. It was introduced with Mac OS 8.6, and was included in all subsequent versions of the operating system, as well as in iOS. A keychain can contain various types of data: passwords (for websites, FTP servers, SSH accounts, network shares, wireless networks, groupware applications, encrypted disk images), private keys, certificates, and secure notes. Some data, primarily passwords, in the Keychain are visible and editable using a user-friendly interface in Passwords, a built in app in macOS Sequoia and iOS 18 and available in System Settings/Settings in earlier versions of Apple's operating systems.

Password manager
A password manager is a software program that prevents password fatigue by automatically generating, autofilling, and storing passwords. They are useful for local applications or web applications such as online shops or social media. Web browsers tend to have a built-in password manager. Password managers typically require a user to create and remember a single password to unlock to access the stored passwords. Password managers can integrate multi-factor authentication and passkey authentication.
Cat Law
Cat Law (671 m) is a hill in the southern Mounth of Scotland, north of Kirriemuir in Angus.

A rounded peak, it lies above Strathmore in the south and offers excellent views across the Angus countryside from its summit. It is usually climbed from the nearby village of Balintore.

Valley of Strathmore
56°43′01″N 3°32′56″W﻿ / ﻿56.717°N 3.549°W﻿ / 56.717; -3.549

Strathmore (Scottish Gaelic: An Srath Mòr) is a broad valley or strath in east-central Scotland, lying between the Grampian mountains and the Sidlaws.
It is approximately 50 mi (80 km) long and 10 mi (16 km) wide. Strathmore is underlain by Old Red Sandstone but this is largely obscured by glacial till, sands and gravels deposited during the ice age. Its northeast to southwest alignment is influenced by the underlying geological structure of the area which reflects the dominant Caledonian trend of both the central lowlands and the Highlands of Scotland; its northern margin reflects the presence of the Highland Boundary Fault. Strathmore is fertile and has some of Scotland's best arable farmland, producing soft fruits and cereals.
Unadilla Valley Railway
The Unadilla Valley Railway was a shortline railroad company that operated in the Unadilla Valley of upstate New York from its opening in 1895 to its abandonment in 1960. From 1937 onwards, it was owned by the H.E. Salzberg Company.

Originally only running for 19 miles between New Berlin and Bridgewater, the railroad later purchased the New Berlin Branch from the New York, Ontario and Western Railway in 1941. The addition of this line extending from New Berlin Jct near Sidney to New Berlin and Edmeston more than doubled the Unadilla Valley Railway's trackage to 49 miles.

The railroad purchased its first diesel locomotive from General Electric in 1947, but continued running steam locomotives until 1956.

New Berlin, New York
New Berlin is a town in Chenango County in central New York, United States. The population was 2,682 at the 2010 census. The town contains the village of New Berlin. The town is at the eastern border of the county and is northeast of Norwich.
Erasmo of Narni
Erasmo Stefano of Narni (1370 – 16 January 1443), better known by his nickname of Gattamelata (meaning "Honeyed Cat"), was an Italian condottiero of the Renaissance. He was born in Narni, and served a number of Italian city-states: he began with Braccio da Montone, served the Papal States and Florence, as well as the Republic of Venice in 1434 in the battles with the Visconti of Milan.

He was the subject of Donatello's equestrian bronze sculpture in the main square of Padua, the same city over which he became podestà in 1437.

In Narni, the farmhouse in which Gattamelata was born bears a plaque reading "Narnia me genuit Gattamelata fui" ("I was born in Narni, I was Gattamelata").

History of Florence
Florence (Italian: Firenze) weathered the decline of the Western Roman Empire to emerge as a financial hub of Europe, home to several banks including that of the politically powerful Medici family. The city's wealth supported the development of art during the Italian Renaissance, and tourism attracted by its rich history continues today.
Huitztlampaehecatl
In Aztec mythology Huitztlampaehecatl (Nahuatl pronunciation: [witstɬaːmpaeʔekatɬ]) is the god of the South wind. His brothers are Cihuatecayotl, Tlalocayotl, and Mictlanpachecatl, who personify the winds from the west, east, and north respectively.

North wind
A north or northerly wind is one that rises in the north and blows southwards, bringing with it wintery weather. The wind has had historical and literary significance in many cultures, since it often signals seasonal change. Over the centuries it has figured in myth, art, folksong and nursery rhyme.
Immigration Act 2014
The Immigration Act 2014 (c. 22) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received Royal Assent on 14 May 2014. The act makes provision to prevent private landlords from renting houses to people without legal status, to prevent illegal immigrants from obtaining driving licences and bank accounts and for the investigation of sham marriages. Landlords who rent housing to illegal migrants without carrying out these checks will bear civil liability. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in a civil penalty of no more than £3,000.

Only six Labour MPs opposed the Act; Diane Abbott, Jeremy Corbyn, Kelvin Hopkins, John McDonnell, Fiona Mactaggart and Dennis Skinner.

The Act removes key protections for Commonwealth citizens residing in the United Kingdom that existed in the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 which was a major preceding factor in the Windrush scandal that involved at least 83 wrongful deportations.

Commonwealth citizen
A Commonwealth citizen is a citizen of a Commonwealth of Nations member state. While most Commonwealth countries do not distinguish between them and the citizens of other countries, some grant limited rights and privileges. For example, in 14 Commonwealth countries, resident Commonwealth citizens are eligible to vote in elections. The status is most significant in the United Kingdom, where they are not considered foreign nationals under British law. They may be eligible to vote in elections, stand for public office, and access certain public services, subject to their right of abode (e.g. indefinite leave to remain).

In addition to voting and residency rights, in certain situations, Commonwealth citizens may receive consular assistance from fellow Commonwealth countries. Notably, they are entitled to emergency assistance from British embassies and consulates when in a non-Commonwealth country, where their own government has no diplomatic representation.
Namazipur
Namazipur is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Shahkot, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Nakodar, 41 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 172 kilometres (107 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.