hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perennation
In botany, perennation is the ability of organisms, particularly plants, to survive from one germinating season to another, especially under unfavourable conditions such as drought or winter cold. It typically involves development of a perennating organ, which stores enough nutrients to sustain the organism during the unfavourable season, and develops into one or more new plants the following year. Common forms of perennating organs are storage organs (e.g. bulbs, tubers, rhizomes and corm), and buds. Perennation is closely related with vegetative reproduction, as the organisms commonly use the same organs for both survival and reproduction.

Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or  specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.

Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative propagules to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly.  Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium, making them more challenging to propagate.
Columbus-style pizza
Columbus-style pizza is an American regional pizza style associated with Columbus, Ohio. It has a circular shape, pieces cut into short or long rectangles, thin or no crust, dense toppings that cover the surface, and, usually, provolone cheese and a slightly sweet sauce. It was developed in the early 1950s.

Provolone
Provolone (/ˌproʊvəˈloʊneɪ, ˌproʊvəˈloʊni, ˌproʊvəˈloʊn/ ⓘ, Italian: [provoˈloːne]) is an Italian semi-hard cheese made from cow's milk. It is an aged pasta filata ('stretched-curd') cheese originating in the Campania region, near Vesuvius, where it is still produced in pear, sausage, or cone shapes 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in) long. Provolone-type cheeses are also produced in other countries. The most important provolone production region today is northwestern Italy and, in particular, the city of Cremona. Provolone, provola, and provoleta are versions of the same basic cheese. Some versions of provolone are smoked.
Kvetera Church
Kvetera Church (Georgian: კვეტერის ეკლესია, romanized: k'vet'eris ek'lesia) is a Georgian Orthodox church in a historic fortified town of Kvetera in Kakheti.

Kvetera Church was built in the early part of the 10th century. It is a relatively small church and resembles the Georgian cross-dome style of architecture. The dome rests on a round tympanum and rises over the central square pace. The Projections end in an apse, which have niches between them. The facade of the church is not designed with many ornaments which is typical for Kakhetian churches. Most of the facade is decorated with symmetrical arches.

Kvetera used to be one of the centers of the Principality of Kakheti. According to Vakhushti Bagrationi, Kvetera dates back at least to the 8th century AD. It is also mentioned in a written document from the 11th century.

Cross-in-square
A cross-in-square, crossed-dome, tetrastyle, or quincunx floor plan was the dominant form of church architecture in the middle and late Byzantine Empire. It featured a square centre with an internal structure shaped like a cross, topped by a dome.
Mary Houghton
Mary Houghton is co-founder of ShoreBank, the largest and oldest community development bank. Houghton, along with Milton Davis, James Fletcher, and Ron Grzywinski purchased in 1973 what was then South Shore Bank to fight redlining in the Chicago neighborhood. She retired as president in May 2010.

South Shore, Chicago
South Shore is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Located on the city's South Side, the area is named for its location along the city's southern lakefront. Although South Shore has seen a greater than 40% decrease in residents since Chicago's population peaked in the 1950s, the area remains one of the most densely populated neighborhoods on the South Side. The community benefits from its location along the waterfront, its accessibility to Lake Shore Drive, and its proximity to major institutions and attractions such as the University of Chicago, the Museum of Science and Industry, and Jackson Park.
1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Assam Legislative Assembly were held in March 1972 to elect members of 114 constituencies in Assam, India. The Indian National Congress won the popular vote and a majority of seats and Sarat Chandra Singha was re-appointed as the Chief Minister of Assam. The number of constituencies was set as 126 by the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India.

Delimitation Commission of India
The Delimitation Commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act, tasked with redrawing the boundaries of legislative assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on the last census. The present delimitation of constituencies is based on the 2001 census under the provisions of the Delimitation Act, 2002.

The Commission is an independent body whose orders cannot be challenged in any court of law. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the respective State Legislative Assemblies. However, modifications are not permitted. The next delimitation can not be held before 2026.
Paris Lee
Paris Lee (born April 20, 1995) is an American-born naturalized Cameroonian professional basketball player for UNICS Kazan of the VTB United League. He played college basketball for Illinois State University. A 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) point guard, Lee was named the Missouri Valley Conference Player of the Year as a senior in the 2016–17 season.

Lee started his professional career with Antwerp Giants in Belgium in 2017. Lee had a successful season in 2018–19 as he reached the Basketball Champions League Final Four with Antwerp. Individually, he was named to the All-Champions League Second Team and was named the Pro Basketball League MVP.

Illinois State University
Illinois State University (ISU) is a public research university in Normal, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University and is the oldest public university in Illinois. It operates additional facilities in its twin city, Bloomington, and in Springfield.

The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the "Redbirds," in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.
2009 BNP Paribas Masters – Singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Gaël Monfils in the final, 6–2, 5–7, 7–6(7–3) to win the singles tennis title at the 2009 Paris Masters. It was his first Paris Masters title, and the first of an eventual record seven titles at the event.

Jo-Wilfried Tsonga was the defending champion, but lost to Rafael Nadal in the quarterfinals.

This was the last professional appearance for former world No. 1, two-time major champion, and three-time Paris Masters champion Marat Safin; he lost in the second round to Juan Martín del Potro.

Gaël Monfils
Gaël Sébastien Monfils (French pronunciation: [ɡaɛl mɔ̃fis]; born 1 September 1986) is a French professional tennis player. He has been ranked as high as world No. 6 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), achieved in November 2016. Monfils has won 13 ATP Tour singles titles, out of 35 finals contested. His best results at the majors are two semifinals, at the 2008 French Open and 2016 US Open.

Monfils was named the ATP Newcomer of the Year in 2005. He reached at least one ATP Tour singles final every year for 19 consecutive seasons from 2005 to 2023, and is one of five players in the Open Era to do so for 19 or more seasons. He is also eighth among active players with over 550 career match wins. In 2025, Monfils became the oldest ATP Tour champion since the Tour's establishment in 1990.
Flash Pose
"Flash Pose" is a song by Brazilian singer and drag queen Pabllo Vittar featuring British singer Charli XCX. It was released on 25 July 2019 as the lead single off of Vittar's 111 1 EP and 111 album. The track is Charli XCX and Vittar's second collaboration, following "I Got It", which appears on Charli's Pop 2 mixtape and is followed by "Shake It", on the album Charli.

Charli (album)
Charli is the third studio album by British singer Charli XCX, released on 13 September 2019 through Asylum and Atlantic Records UK. Charli was preceded by the singles "1999" with Troye Sivan, "Blame It on Your Love" featuring Lizzo, and "Gone" with Christine and the Queens, and "White Mercedes". Charli was also promoted by the promotional singles "Cross You Out" featuring Sky Ferreira, "Warm" featuring Haim, "February 2017" featuring Clairo and Yaeji, and "2099" also featuring Sivan. Musically, it has been described as avant-pop, electropop, futurepop, and hyperpop.

The album received positive reviews from critics, who applauded the production and songwriting. Most reviewers praised the album's boldness, experimentation, and catchy melodies. The album was also supported by the Charli Live Tour, beginning in Atlanta on 20 September 2019 and concluding in Mexico City on 21 October 2020.
Chichimeca Jonaz people
The Chichimeca Jonaz are an Indigenous people of Mexico, living in the states of Guanajuato and San Luis Potosí. In Guanajuato, the Chichimeca Jonaz people live in a community in San Luis de la Paz municipality. The settlement is 2,070 m above sea level. They call this place Rancho Úza or Misión Chichimeca. They are descendants of the Pame people, who fought in the Chichimeca War (1550–1590) in the Chichimeca Confederation.

In the 2000 General Census by INEGI 1,641 people named themselves as speakers of the Chichimeca Jonaz language. Of these 1,433 speakers lived in Guanajuato, and the other 115 in San Luis Potosí.

Their language belongs to the Pamean sub-branch of the Oto-Pamean branch of the Oto-Manguean language family, the closest relative of the Chichimeca Jonaz language is the Pame language.

Pame languages
The Pame languages are a group of languages in Mexico that is spoken by around 12,000 Pame people in the state of San Luis Potosí. It belongs to the Oto-Pamean branch of the Oto-Manguean language family.
14th Radio Technical Brigade (Ukraine)
The 14th Radio Technical Brigade "Bohdan Khmelnytskyi" is a Brigade of the Ukrainian Air Force concerned with radar operations in South Ukraine and is subordinated to the Air Command South. It is headquartered in Odesa and operates many radar systems including the "Pelican".

Southern Ukraine
Southern Ukraine (Ukrainian: Південна Україна, romanized: Pivdenna Ukraina, IPA: [piu̯ˈdɛnːɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ]) refers, generally, to the territories in the South of Ukraine.

The territory usually corresponds with the Soviet economical district, the Southern Economical District of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The region is completely integrated with a marine and shipbuilding industry.

Southern Ukraine was invaded by the Russian military on February 24, 2022, turning parts of the region into a major theatre of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Kimio Yabuki
Kimio Yabuki (矢吹 公郎, Yabuki Kimio; Born December 6, 1934) is a Japanese animator. Known in Japan for his work on many early classic works by the Toei Animation studio, his best-known film in the West is Rainbow Brite and the Star Stealer from 1985, produced by the French-American company DiC with animation work done in Japan.

In 1969, he teamed up with a young Hayao Miyazaki in the production of an animated version of  Puss in Boots. Yabuki was an employee of Toei Animation until going freelance in 1973, but did work on several Toei productions (including Dororon Enma-kun, Ikkyu-san, and The Kabocha Wine) afterward.

DIC Entertainment
DIC Entertainment Corporation (/ˈdiːk/; also known as DIC Audiovisuel, DIC Enterprises, DIC Animation City, DIC Entertainment, L.P., and DIC Productions, sometimes stylized as DİC) was a French-American film and television production company that was mostly associated as an animation studio. As a former division of The Walt Disney Company, DIC produced live-action feature films and licensed numerous anime series.

In 2008, DIC was acquired by Cookie Jar Group in June and was later folded into Cookie Jar in July. As of 2025, most of the DIC library is currently owned by WildBrain (formerly DHX Media) after the company acquired Cookie Jar in October 2012.
Sagauli, Unnao
Sagauli is a village in Hilauli block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 2,048, in 380 households, and it has 3 primary schools and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Sagauli as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 858 (496 male and 362 female), in 160 households and 140 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 656 acres. It had a post office then.

Unnao district
Unnao district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in central India. The city of Unnao is the district headquarters. The district is part of Lucknow Division.

As of the 2011 census, Unnao district has a population of 3,108,367, making it the 31st-most populous district in Uttar Pradesh. It is a predominantly rural district, with over 80% of the population living in rural areas.
Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
The Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests is an ecoregion in the lands around the Aegean Sea. The ecoregion covers most of mainland Greece, the Aegean Islands (except for Crete), the western coast of Turkey, the southern Vardar river valley in North Macedonia, the southern Struma river valley at the extreme south-western corner of Bulgaria, as well as Greece's Heptanese Islands in the Ionian Sea.

The ecoregion has a Mediterranean climate, and is in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.

Ionian Islands
The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ιόνια νησιά, Ionia nisia; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: Ἰόνιαι Νῆσοι, Ioniai Nēsoi) are a group of islands in the Ionian Sea, west of mainland Greece. They are traditionally called the Heptanese ("Seven Islands"; Ἑπτάνησα, Heptanēsa or Ἑπτάνησος, Heptanēsos; Italian: Eptaneso), but the group includes many smaller islands in addition to the seven principal ones.

As a distinct historic region, the collective of islands date to the centuries-long Venetian rule, which kept them outside Ottoman control, and created a distinct cultural identity with many Italian influences. The Ionian Islands became part of the modern Greek state in 1864. Administratively today, they belong to the Ionian Islands Region except for Kythera, which belongs to the Attica Region.
Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute
The Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute at Washington University School of Law was established in 2000 as the Institute for Global Legal Studies. It serves as a center for instruction and research in international and comparative law.

Comparative law
Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law and legal systems of different countries. More specifically, it involves the study of the different legal systems (or "families") in existence around the world, including common law, civil law, socialist law, Canon law, Jewish Law, Islamic law, Hindu law, and Chinese law. It includes the description and analysis of foreign legal systems, even where no explicit comparison is undertaken. The importance of comparative law has increased enormously in the present age of internationalism and economic globalization.
Winfield-Mt. Union Community School District
41°07′36″N 91°26′24″W﻿ / ﻿41.126543°N 91.44°W﻿ / 41.126543; -91.44

The Winfield-Mt. Union Community School District, or WMU,  is a public school district headquartered in Winfield, Iowa.  It spans Henry, Louisa, Des Moines and Washington counties, and serves the city of Winfield, the census-designated place of Mount Union, and the surrounding rural areas.

Des Moines County, Iowa
Des Moines County is located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,910, and was estimated to be 38,411 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Burlington. It is one of Iowa's two original counties along with Dubuque County; both were organized by the Michigan Territorial legislature in 1834. Des Moines County is part of the Burlington micropolitan statistical area.

Des Moines County sits on Iowa's eastern border alongside the Mississippi River. The city of Des Moines is in Polk County in central Iowa. Both places derive their name from the Des Moines River, which flows through the city of Des Moines and originally flowed through the county. When the county was divided early in Iowa's history, the river ended up further west, forming the border between Lee County, Iowa and the state of Missouri.
Martin Gropius Krankenhaus
The Martin Gropius Krankenhaus is a neuro-psychiatric hospital in Eberswalde, Germany. It was built from 1862–1865 by architect Martin Gropius from Berlin. It was commissioned by the Estates of the then-Prussian Province of Brandenburg as an insane asylum.

Province of Brandenburg
The Province of Brandenburg (German: Provinz Brandenburg) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1947. Brandenburg was established in 1815 from the Kingdom of Prussia's core territory, comprised the bulk of the historic Margraviate of Brandenburg (excluding Altmark) and the Lower Lusatia region, and became part of the German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Brandenburg was a province of the Free State of Prussia until Prussia was dissolved in 1945 after World War II, and replaced with reduced territory as the State of Brandenburg in East Germany, which was later dissolved in 1952. Following the reunification of Germany in 1990, Brandenburg was re-established as a federal state of Germany, becoming one of the new states.

Brandenburg's provincial capital alternated between Potsdam, Berlin, and Charlottenburg during its existence.
Cryptogramophone Records
Cryptogramophone Records is a jazz record label  formed in 1998 by violinist Jeff Gauthier to document the music of his friend, Eric von Essen.

Cryptogramophone has released albums by such West Coast musicians as guitarist Nels Cline, drummer Alex Cline, bassists Darek Oles and Steuart Liebig, drummer Scott Amendola, guitarist G. E. Stinson, trombonist Scot Ray, pianist Don Preston and Gauthier himself. In addition, Cryptogramophone has recorded New York City musicians Mark Dresser and Erik Friedlander.

Nels Cline
Nels Courtney Cline (born January 4, 1956) is an American guitarist and composer. He has been a guitarist for the band Wilco since 2004.

In the 1980s he played jazz, often in collaboration with his twin brother Alex, a percussionist. He has worked with musicians in punk and alternative rock such as Carla Bozulich and the Geraldine Fibbers, Mike Watt and Thurston Moore. He leads the Nels Cline Singers, Nels Cline Trio, and the Nels Cline 4.

Cline was named the 82nd greatest guitarist of all time by Rolling Stone magazine in November 2011.
Shahram Jalilian
Shahram Jalilian (Persian: شهرام جلیلیان) (born 8 May 1978) is an Iranian Iranologist and historian. His higher education was in Shahid Beheshti University, and he took his doctorate in the History of Ancient Iran at the University of Tehran. He is now the associate professor in the history of Ancient Iran at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

Shahid Beheshti University
Shahid Beheshti University is a public research university located in Tehran, Iran. Founded in 1960 as the National University of Iran, it has 3 campuses, 19 faculties, 10 research institutes and 9 research centres, and is situated on a 60-hectare land in the Evin neighborhood in northern Tehran.
Elliðaár
The rivers Elliðaár (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛtlɪːðaˌauːr̥], "Elliði's rivers") are situated in the Reykjavík area in the south-west of Iceland. Two small rivers have their source in the volcanic mountain range of Bláfjöll and stream down to Elliðavatn lake at the eastern suburban border of the city, its outlet forming the river. On their way, they pass through the nature reserve area of Heiðmörk.

On its way to the sea, which is reached in the Elliðavogur bay in Reykjavík, not far from the open-air folk museum of Árbæjarsafn in Árbær, the river cascades over several small waterfalls, within the boundary of the city.

The river is an excellent place to fish salmon.

Árbæjarsafn
Árbæjarsafn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈaurˌpaiːjarˌsapn̥]) is the historical museum of the city of Reykjavík as well as an open-air museum and a regional museum. Its purpose is to give the public an insight into the living conditions, work and recreational activities of the people of Reykjavík in earlier times.
Domestic policy
Domestic policy, also known as internal policy, is a type of public policy overseeing administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a state's borders. Sometimes also called social policy, it differs from foreign policy, which refers to the ways a government advances its interests in external politics. Domestic policy covers a wide range of areas, including business, education, energy, healthcare, law enforcement, money and taxes, natural resources, social welfare, and personal rights and freedoms.

Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".
Before the Trap: Nights in Tarzana
Before the Trap: Nights in Tarzana is the seventh mixtape by American recording artist Chris Brown in collaboration with his OHB group; it was released on April 29, 2016, on DatPiff for free. The mixtape contains appearances from rappers of his OHB collective  and others, such as Hoody Baby, Young Blacc, Young Lo, Dee Cosey, Kevin Gates, Tyga, Section Boyz, Quavo, Gangsta Robb, Keeis Stackz, Tracy T, Ryan Toby, Lyrica, Young Thug, and Jeezy.

The mixtape was re-released as a commercial mixtape exclusively on the streaming platforms Tidal and Amazon Music on July 2, 2018, with a different tracklist, excluding the songs "TrapHouse Blues", "Like I Done It Before" and "Rumorz", adding to it numerous songs from the collaborative mixtape Attack the Block by Brown, OHB and Section Boyz also released in 2016.

Quavo
Quavious Keyate Marshall (born April 2, 1991), better known by his stage name Quavo (/ˈkweɪvoʊ/ KWAY-voh), is an American rapper and record producer. He is best known as the frontman of the now-defunct hip-hop group Migos. Formed with his nephew Takeoff and their mutual friend Offset in 2008, the group released four commercially successful studio albums before disbanding in 2023.

As a solo act, Marshall has guest performed on six Billboard Hot 100 top ten singles: Post Malone's diamond-certified "Congratulations", Justin Bieber's "Intentions", Liam Payne's "Strip That Down", Drake's "Portland", and DJ Khaled's "No Brainer" and "I'm the One", the latter of which peaked atop the chart. His debut studio album, Quavo Huncho (2018), peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and spawned the platinum-certified single "Workin Me". His second album, Rocket Power (2023), peaked at number 18 and was released in memory of Takeoff, who was fatally shot the year prior.