hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dictionary.com
Dictionary.com is an online dictionary whose domain was first registered on May 14, 1995.  The primary content on Dictionary.com is a proprietary dictionary based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, with editors for the site providing new and updated definitions. Supplementary content comes from the Collins English Dictionary, American Heritage Dictionary and others. It is owned by IXL Learning.

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is a dictionary of American English published by HarperCollins. As of 2025 it is in its fifth edition.

Before HarperCollins acquired certain business lines from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2022, the family of American Heritage dictionaries had long been published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and its predecessor Houghton Mifflin. The first edition appeared in 1969, an outgrowth of the editorial effort for Houghton Mifflin's American Heritage brand of history books and journals. The dictionary's creation was spurred by the controversy during the 1960s over the perceived permissiveness of the Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961). A college dictionary followed several years later.  The main dictionary became the flagship title as the brand grew into a family of various dictionaries, a dictionary-thesaurus combination, and a usage guide.
Cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease), lungs (lung disease), and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

In most countries, cardiothoracic surgery is further subspecialized into cardiac surgery (involving the heart and the great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs, esophagus, thymus, etc.); the exceptions are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India and some European Union countries such as Portugal.

Thoracic cavity
The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia). The central compartment of the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum. There are two openings of the thoracic cavity, a superior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic inlet and a lower inferior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic outlet.

The thoracic cavity includes the tendons as well as the cardiovascular system which could be damaged from injury to the back, spine or the neck.
Frederick Illingworth
Frederick Illingworth (24 September 1844 – 8 September 1908), was an Australian politician, who was a Member of Parliament in two Australian colonies (later states), and a government minister in Western Australia. As a financer of land speculation in Victoria in the 1880s, he was heavily involved in the Victorian land boom.

David Black (historian)
David William Black, AM (4 July 1936 – 23 November 2024) was an Australian historian. He lectured and wrote extensively on Australian and Western Australian history, especially political history. He was a professor in history and politics in the School of Social Sciences and Asian Languages at Curtin University of Technology until his retirement in 2002, and was then professor emeritus. He was Chairperson of the Parliamentary History Advisory Committee, and a Parliamentary Fellow (History). He has had numerous publications and considerable media exposure in regard to parliamentary history in Western Australia.

Black was appointed Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2010 Australia Day Honours for "service to education and to the social sciences, particularly through the promotion and preservation of the political and parliamentary history of Western Australia".

Black died on 23 November 2024, at the age of 88.
Teverga
Teverga (Asturian: Teberga) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Belmonte de Miranda, Grado, Yernes y Tameza, and Proaza; to the south by León province, to the west by Somiedo and to the east by Quirós and Proaza.

Formerly a mining area, now its economy is based on agriculture and emerging tourism. The tourism is based on the area's beauty and historical interest. The peak Sobia is distinguished by its impressive vertical walls of limestone and its flat top. The collegiate church of San Pedro, in a high medieval style, dates from between 1069 and 1076. One can explore the mountains and the 12-km long Huerta Cave, the Senda del Oso bicycle path, or a museum of prehistory.

In 2013, Teverga was prized with the Exemplary Town of Asturias Award, of the Prince of Asturias Awards. Because of this recognition, Felipe, Prince of Asturias, visited the town in October 2013.

Asturian language
Asturian (/æˈstʊəriən/; asturianu [astuˈɾjanʊ]) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Asturian is part of a wider linguistic group, the Asturleonese languages. The number of speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three groups: Western, Central, and Eastern. For historical and demographic reasons, the standard is based on Central Asturian. Asturian has a distinct grammar, dictionary, and orthography. It is regulated by the Academy of the Asturian Language. Although it is not an official language of Spain, it is protected under the Statute of Autonomy of Asturias and is an elective language in schools. For much of its history, the language has been ignored or "subjected to repeated challenges to its status as a language variety" due to its lack of official status.
My Vitriol
My Vitriol are a British alternative rock band, formed in 1998 in London. The band currently comprises singer and guitarist Som Wardner, drummer Ravi Kesavaram, guitarist Seth Taylor and bassist Tatia Starkey. The band had success with their debut album Finelines in 2001, which spawned three top-40 hit singles on the UK Singles Chart, before announcing a hiatus in 2002. The band were credited as spearheading a new shoegazing movement, dubbed nu gaze. They released new material in 2007, and released limited fanbase album The Secret Sessions in October 2016. The band name is taken from the Graham Greene novel Brighton Rock.

Koko (music venue)
Koko (previously called the Music Machine and Camden Palace) is a concert venue and former theatre in Camden Town, London.

The building was known as Camden Palace from 1982 until its 2004 purchase and extensive restoration, led by Oliver Bengough and Mint Entertainment. Following the restoration, the venue was renamed as Koko, and is one of the premier live music venues in London.

The venue is a fixture for many music, fashion and art partygoers and notoriously famous for its London nightlife scene.

On the evening of 6 January 2020, a large fire broke out in the building.
Pick (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Pick hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed nos. U17, U18 is a portrayal of a 'pick upon the side view of a block'; it is in the Gardiner subset for agriculture, crafts, and professions.

In the Egyptian language, the pick hieroglyph is used as an ideogram or determinative for grg, the verb "to pick through", or for other related words.

Determinative
A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading but were not pronounced.
Askar, Bahrain
Askar (Arabic: عسكر) is a village on the southeastern coast of Bahrain, it is now part of Madinat Khalifa. It is also home to the shrine of Sa'sa'a bin Sohan, a companion of Imam Ali.  The majority of the inhabitants today are from the tribes of Al-Buainain, Al-Kaabi, Al-Awazem, and Al-Mansoori. Many of the inhabitants have been living in the village for more than three to four generations. The population in the area after 2020 has doubled due to the government housing projects.

Al-Awazim
Al-Awazem (Arabic: العوازم; also spelled Azmi and Awazem) is a large tribal confederation in the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt; with the majority of its current settled population residing in Kuwait, northeastern Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain.
Darren Carter (comedian)
Darren Carter is an American stand-up comedian, actor and impressionist. Carter has performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Comics Unleashed, Premium Blend on Comedy Central, and as a supporting character in the 2005 feature film Be Cool with John Travolta.

Be Cool
Be Cool is a 2005 American crime comedy film directed by F. Gary Gray and based on Elmore Leonard's 1999 novel, which was the sequel to Leonard's 1990 novel Get Shorty. The movie is the sequel to the 1995 film adaptation of Get Shorty, with John Travolta and Danny DeVito reprising their roles and also starring Uma Thurman, Vince Vaughn, Cedric the Entertainer, Andre Benjamin, Steven Tyler, Robert Pastorelli, Christina Milian, Harvey Keitel and The Rock. In addition Pastorelli's final appearance, it was also Anna Nicole Smith's last feature film before here death in 2007. The plot follows mobster Chili Palmer, portrayed by Travolta, as he enters into the music industry.

The film adaptation of Be Cool began production in 2004 and was produced by DeVito, Michael Shamberg, and Stacey Sher. The film was released on March 4, 2005, receiving negative reviews and grossing $95 million against a budget of $53–75 million.
John C. Moss
John Calvin Moss (January 5, 1838 – April 8, 1892) was an American inventor credited with developing the first practicable photo-engraving process in 1863. His work, and that of others such as William Leggo in Canada led to a revolution in printing and eventually to the mass marketing around the world of newspapers and magazines and books which combined photographs with traditional text.

William Leggo
William Augustus Leggo (25 January 1830 – 21 July 1915) was a Canadian inventor, engraver and businessperson. He is noted for co-inventing the half-tone engraver with George-Édouard Desbarats. He had several patents to his name, including leggotyping and granulated photography.
Aron Katsenelinboigen
Aron Iosifovich Katsenelinboigen (Russian: Арон Иосифович Каценелинбойген; September 2, 1927 – July 30, 2005) was a founder of predispositioning theory, a subject in decision theory and systems theory that models development in the context of uncertainty.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
George Thomson (RAF officer)
George Thomson DFC (born 3 October 1896, date of death unknown) was a Canadian First World War flying ace, officially credited with 14 victories.

Born in Thornhill, Dumfries, Scotland, Thomson emigrated to Canada. Working as a printer in Celista, British Columbia, Thomson enlisted in 1914, serving in the 30th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force and the 48th Highlanders of Canada. Thomson was wounded twice while serving with the 7/8th King's Own Scottish Borderers. In October 1917 Thomson transferred to the RAF, and in 1918 he was posted to the 22 Squadron as an observer, where he scored 14 victories. Thomson returned to the Home Establishment in August 1918 to be trained as a pilot. His death date is unknown, although he is not listed among the few surviving World War I veterans.

King's Own Scottish Borderers
The King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division. On 28 March 2006 the regiment was amalgamated with the Royal Scots, the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment), the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons), the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's), 52nd Lowland Regiment, and 51st Highland Regiment to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland. However, after just a few months the battalion merged with the Royal Scots Battalion to form the Royal Scots Borderers.
Page Smith
Page Smith (September 6, 1917 – August 28, 1995) was an American historian, professor and author. In 1964 he became the founding Provost of Cowell College, University of California, Santa Cruz and resigned from the university in 1973 in protest. As an activist, he was a lifelong advocate for homeless people, for community organization, and for improving the prison system.

He served in the United States Army during World War II, for which he received a Purple Heart. He was awarded his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1951 under the direction of Samuel Eliot Morison. Page Smith died in August 1995, one day after the death of his beloved wife, Eloise Pickard Smith.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
2019 Big West Conference women's soccer tournament
The 2019 Big West Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big West Conference held on November 7 and 10, 2019. The three-match tournament took place at Titan Stadium in Fullerton, California. The four-team single-elimination tournament consisted of two rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Long Beach State 49ers, but they failed to qualify for the 2019 tournament. The Cal State Fullerton Titans won the title by beating the Cal State Northridge Matadors 2–0 in the final.  This was the eighth Big West tournament title for the Cal State Fullerton program and the sixth for head coach Demian Brown.

Titan Stadium (Cal State Fullerton)
Titan Stadium is a 10,000-capacity stadium on the campus of California State University, Fullerton in Fullerton, California.

It is the home venue for the Cal State Fullerton Titans men's and women's soccer teams, and professional Los Angeles FC 2 of MLSNP. It is formerly the home stadium of the CSUF Football team. Other soccer clubs from Los Angeles that have played their home matches at Titan Stadium include LA Galaxy (MLS) and Angel City FC (NWSL), among other teams.
Mayra Valdés González
Mayra Valdés González (born 22 September 1975) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2010 to 2012 she served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Coahuila.

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
Jahan Shah bin Tughril
Rukn al-Din Jahanshah bin Tughril (r. 1225–1230) was a Turkoman king of the "Seljuqs of Erzurum". He was a son of Tughril ibn Kılıç Arslan II, also ruler of Erzurum (r. 1202–1225). Jahanshah was a grandson of Kilij Arslan II, who had partitioned his kingdom in Anatolia between his numerous sons.

Before the 1201–1202 conquest of Erzurum by Suleiman II of Rûm, son of Kilij Arslan II, the region of Erzurum had been ruled by a local Turkoman dynasty, the Saltukids from 1071 until 1202. During the 30 years after this conquest, Erzurum was ruled by the two Seljuq princes Tughril ibn Kılıç Arslan II and Jahan Shah bin Tughril as an appanage.

Jahanshah bin Tughril participated to the Siege of Ahlat.

He also allied with the Khwarizmian Shah Jalal al-Din, until he was defeated at the Battle of Yassı Çimen in 1230.

The region of Erzurum was incorporated into the Sultanate of Kay Qubadh I in 1230.

Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (/ˈæpənɪdʒ/; French: apanage [apanaʒ] ⓘ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe.

The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms.
Just Communication
"Just Communication" is the debut single by J-pop duo Two-Mix, released by King Records on April 29, 1995. Composed by Shiina Nagano and Kōji Makaino, the song was used as the first opening theme of the anime series Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, and marked the band's breakthrough into the mainstream.

Both the song and its B-side "Second Impression" originally had Two-Mix credited as songwriters due to a "Virtual Artist" (ヴァーチャルアーティスト, Vācharu Ātisuto) policy imposed by ISM Artist (株式会社イズム・アーティスト, Kabushiki-gaisha Izumu Ātisuto), the duo's management at the time.

The single peaked at No. 23 on Oricon's weekly singles chart. It sold over 264,000 copies and was certified Gold by the RIAJ.

Two-Mix
Two-Mix (temporarily known as II MIX⊿DELTA) is a Japanese pop duo formed in 1995 by Minami Takayama (vocals and composer) and Shiina Nagano (synthesizer, composer and lyricist). Their style is fast electronic pop.
Are You Ready (Sly and the Family Stone song)
"Are You Ready" is a song written by Sly Stone that was first released on Sly and the Family Stone's 1968 album Dance to the Music.  It also appears on several Sly and the Family Stone live and compilation albums.

Dance to the Music (Sly and the Family Stone album)
Dance to the Music is the second studio album by American funk-soul band Sly and the Family Stone, released in April 1968 on Epic and CBS Records. It contains the Top Ten hit single of the same name, which was influential in the formation and popularization of the musical subgenre of psychedelic soul and helped lay the groundwork for the development of funk music.
Jesse James (1927 film)
Jesse James is a 1927 American silent Western film produced by Adolph Zukor and Jesse L. Lasky and released through Paramount Pictures. The film was directed by Lloyd Ingraham and starred cowboy star Fred Thomson whose wife Frances Marion wrote the scenario under the nom de plume Frank M. Clifton.

The film was a light approach on the life of the famous outlaw Jesse James and was not popular with a large segment of the audience. Jesse E. James, the outlaw's son, served as technical advisor on the film.

Frances Marion
Frances Marion (born Marion Benson Owens; November 18, 1888 – May 12, 1973) was an American screenwriter, director, journalist and author often cited as one of the most renowned female screenwriters of the 20th century alongside June Mathis and Anita Loos. During the course of her career, she wrote over 325 scripts. She was the first writer to win two Academy Awards. Marion began her film career working for filmmaker Lois Weber. She wrote numerous silent film scenarios for actress Mary Pickford, before transitioning to writing sound films.
Sarantaporos (Epirus)
The Sarantaporos (Greek: Σαραντάπορος, Albanian: Sarandapor) is a river in northwestern Greece and southern Albania. It is a right tributary of the river Vjosa, which flows into the Adriatic Sea. Its length is 50 km (31 mi), of which the final approx. 10 km (6.2 mi) form the border between Greece and Albania. Its source is between the mountain ranges Gramos and Voio, in the Kastoria regional unit. The Sarantaporos flows through the municipal units Arrenes, Mastorochoria and Konitsa in Greece, and the municipalities Qendër Leskovik and Çarshovë in Albania. Its basin area is 870 km2 (340 sq mi), and its year-average discharge is 6.93 m3 (245 cu ft) per second.

Kastoria (regional unit)
Kastoria (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Καστοριάς, Perifereiakí Enótita Kastoriás) is one of the 74 regional units of Greece and is part of the region of Western Macedonia. Its capital is the homonymous city of Kastoria.
2007 LPGA Championship
The 2007 LPGA Championship was played from June 7–10 at Bulle Rock Golf Course in Havre de Grace, Maryland. This was the 53rd edition of the LPGA Championship, the second of four major championships on the LPGA Tour in 2007.

Suzann Pettersen, age 26, won her first major title with 274 (−14), one stroke ahead of runner-up Karrie Webb; it was her second career win on the LPGA Tour.

Suzann Pettersen
Suzann Pettersen (born 7 April 1981) is a Norwegian former professional golfer. She played mainly on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour, and was also a member of the Ladies European Tour. Her career-best world ranking was second and she held that position several times, most recently from August 2011 until February 2012. She retired on 15 September 2019 after holing the winning putt for the European team at the 2019 Solheim Cup, notwithstanding that she had been away from golf for almost 20 months on maternity leave prior to the event.
André van der Merwe (conductor)
André van der Merwe is a conductor, choral music arranger, and composer from Durbanville, Western Cape, South Africa. He studied for his Bachelor of Music at the University of Cape Town but due to an injury he changed his studies to a Bachelor of Drama (Directing) at the Stellenbosch University  He served as the chairperson of the National Artistic Committee the 2018 World Choir Games held in Tshwane, South Africa.

He is currently the conductor of the Stellenbosch University Choir, the Stellenberg Girls Choir and his adult choir, Voces Cordis.  The Stellenbosch University Choir has been voted best in the world by Interkultur most of the years between 2012 and 2020.

Durbanville
Durbanville, previously called Pampoenkraal, is a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, part of the greater Cape Town metropolitan area. It is a semi-rural residential suburb on the north-eastern outskirts of the metropolis, surrounded by farms producing wine and wheat.
Gerald Blake (director)
Gerald Blake (3 December 1928 – 5 April 1991) was a British television director who worked in drama from the 1960s to the 1980s.

His numerous credits include The Gentle Touch, The Omega Factor (the episode "After-Image"),  Blake's 7 (the episodes "The Harvest of Kairos" (1980) and "Death-Watch" (1980) from the third series), Survivors (three episodes from the first series), The Onedin Line, Out of the Unknown, Doctor Who (the stories The Abominable Snowmen (1967) and The Invasion of Time (1978)), Dr. Finlay's Casebook, Compact, Z-Cars, Mr. Palfrey of Westminster, and Coronation Street.

The Invasion of Time
The Invasion of Time is the sixth and final serial of the 15th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in six weekly parts on BBC1 from 4 February to 11 March 1978. It features the final appearance of Louise Jameson as the companion Leela.

In the serial, the Vardans break the defences of Gallifrey to allow the Sontarans to invade and control the power of the Time Lords.