hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Putzgruppe
Putzgruppe (German for "cleaning squad") was a German far-left militant group that emerged from the German student movement and was active in the 1970s. It participated in riots against the police in Frankfurt. The future German foreign minister and vice chancellor Joschka Fischer was known to be the head of the group.

The group was the militant branch of a left-wing political organisation called "Revolutionärer Kampf" (Revolutionary Fight). The groups usual area of operation was the violent defense of occupied buildings against eviction by the police. According to Daniel Cohn-Bendit, they tried "to use helmets, to protect themselves against the state power, which sought trouble". In 2001, Joschka Fischer gave an interview to the German magazine Stern in which he said that they threw stones.

The term Putzgruppe became popular in Germany in 2000, when the trial against Hans-Joachim Klein, a former member of the group, begun. He joined the terrorist group Revolutionary Cells in 1974.

Stern (magazine)
Stern (pronounced [ʃtɛʁn] ⓘ, German for "Star", stylized in all lowercase) is an illustrated, broadly left-liberal, weekly current affairs magazine published in Hamburg, Germany, by Gruner + Jahr, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann. Under the editorship (1948–1980) of its founder Henri Nannen, it attained a circulation of between 1.5 and 1.8 million, the largest in Europe's for a magazine of its kind.

Unusually for a popular magazine in post-war West Germany, and most notably in the contributions to 1975 of Sebastian Haffner, Stern investigated the origin and nature of the preceding tragedies of German history. In 1983, however, its credibility was seriously damaged by its purchase and syndication of the forged Hitler Diaries. A sharp drop in sales anticipated the general fall in newsprint readership in the new century.  By 2019, circulation had fallen under half a million.
Charles Clay (patriot)
Charles Clay (December 24, 1745 – February 8, 1820) was an American planter, clergyman and politician in Virginia who represented Bedford County, Virginia in the Virginia Ratifying Convention. Today he is best known either for his friendship with Thomas Jefferson, or as a member of a political family which included his brothers Congressman Matthew Clay and Kentucky Senate president and General Green Clay, as well as his four sons, especially Odin Green Clay who continued the political tradition of this branch of the family as well as became president of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad Company.

Virginia and Tennessee Railroad
The Virginia and Tennessee Railroad was an historic 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge railroad in the Southern United States, much of which is incorporated into the modern Norfolk Southern Railway. It played a strategic role in supplying the Confederacy during the American Civil War.
David Davis, Maesyffynnon (coal owner)
David Davis, Maesyffynnon, (1821–1884), son of David Davis, Blaengwawr was a prominent Welsh coal owner and public figure. He built upon the work of his father and expanded the family's industrial holdings in the Aberdare and Rhondda valleys. He had two daughters, Mary and Catherine. Mary married H.T. Edwards, vicar of Aberdare and later Dean of St Asaph and Catherine married Sir Francis Edwards.

Ferndale, Rhondda Cynon Taf
Ferndale (Welsh: Glynrhedynog) is a town and community located in the Rhondda Valley in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. Neighbouring villages are Blaenllechau, Maerdy and Tylorstown. Ferndale was industrialised in the mid-19th century. The first coal mine shaft was sunk in 1857 and Ferndale was the first community to be intensively industrialised in the Rhondda Valley.
Huarmey River
The Huarmey River in Peru is a seasonal river, with flows in the months of December to March; along with the underground water it is a vital source for the agricultural activities, industrial and domestic in the region.

The delta is an important agricultural area while the irrigation water in this arid zone is derived from the Huarmey river. Without irrigation by river water agriculture would not be possible. However, the natural underground drainage of the area is limited, and for this reason the lower parts of the delta have become waterlogged and salinized.

To overcome this problem, the installation of wells to abstract groundwater for supplemental irrigation and lowering of the water table, and drainage by ditches and wells to evacuate the salty percolation water, is being implemented.

Percolation
In physics, chemistry, and materials science, percolation (from Latin  percolare 'to filter, trickle through', first coined in the 1840s by Edward Loysel) refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. It is not described by Darcy's law. Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.
USS Gwin
Four ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Gwin for William Gwin.

USS Gwin (TB-16) was a torpedo boat, commissioned in 1898 and decommissioned in 1914. She was renamed Cyane and reclassified YFB-4 in 1920, and finally sold in 1925

USS Gwin (DD-71) was a Caldwell-class destroyer commissioned in 1920, and decommissioned in 1922.

USS Gwin (DD-433) was a Gleaves-class destroyer, commissioned in 1941, served in World War II and sank in battle in July 1943.

USS Gwin (DM-33) was a Robert H. Smith-class destroyer-minelayer, commissioned in 1944 and decommissioned in 1958. She was transferred to Turkey in 1971 and renamed TCG Muavenet (DM-357). She was scrapped in 1992.

Caldwell-class destroyer
The Caldwell class was a class of six
"flush deck" United States Navy destroyers built during World War I and shortly after. Four served as convoy escorts in the Atlantic; the other two were completed too late for wartime service. Two were scrapped during the 1930s, but four survived to serve throughout World War II, three of these in service with the Royal Navy under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement and the fourth as a high speed transport.
Hisahito
Hisahito is a masculine Japanese given name. People named Hisahito include the following:

Prince Hisahito (久仁), the later Emperor Go-Fukakusa

Prince Hisahito of Akishino (悠仁親王, Hisahito shinnō) (born 2006), grandson of Emperor Akihito

Hisahito Inaba (稲葉久人), J. League Division 1 football player

Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Emperor Go-Fukakusa (後深草天皇, Go-Fukakusa-tennō; 28 June 1243 – 17 August 1304) was the 89th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260.

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Ninmyō and go- (後), translates literally as "later", and thus he could be called the "Later Emperor Fukakusa". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Fukakusa, the second", or as "Fukakusa II".
Port Shepstone Lighthouse
The Port Shepstone Lighthouse is an 8 m high, round cast iron tower in Port Shepstone, at the mouth of the Umzimkulu River on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It was commissioned on 10 March 1905.

The lighthouse is painted with a checkered black and white pattern. The electric light, mounted on a rotating system, produces 1,130,000 CD and can be seen 26 nautical miles away. The light flashes once every 6 seconds and has a focal plane of 24 m above the high water mark.

The lighthouse was originally located at Scottburgh, at the southern end of Aliwal Shoal (site of several ship wrecks), and later transferred to its current position.

The lighthouse was declared a national monument in 1995.

The lighthouse replaced an earlier signal station, set up in 1895, which had a ship masthead lantern at the top of a ladder-like structure.

Port Shepstone
Port Shepstone is a large town situated on the mouth of the Mzimkhulu River, the largest river on the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast of South Africa. It is located halfway between Hibberdene and Margate and is positioned 120 km south of Durban. It serves as the administrative, educational, industrial and commercial centre for southern Natal.
Biriwa
Biriwa is a town of Mfantsiman Municipal District in the Central Region of Ghana. According to the Ghana Statistical Service's 2010 Population and Housing Census, the population of Biriwa was 7,086. The main occupation is fishing, with a few people engaged in farming. It is a traditional setting which celebrates the Okyir festival every October. The current chief of the town, Nana Kwabonko V, resides in Saltpond.

Mfantsiman Municipal District
Mfantseman Municipal Assembly is one of the twenty-two districts in Central Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as Mfantseman District, which was created from the former Mfantseman District Council; until it was later elevated to municipal district assembly status on 29 February 2008 to become Mfantseman Municipal District. However, on 28 June 2012, the eastern part of the district was split off to create Ekumfi District; thus, the remaining part has been retained as the Mfantseman Municipal Assembly. The municipality is located in the southwest part of Central Region and has Saltpond as its capital town.
Nexas Quartet
The Nexas Quartet is a Sydney-based Australian saxophone chamber ensemble. They create and perform arrangements of chamber works, and they have new music commissioned for them. Founded in 2002, its members are Michael Duke (soprano), Andrew Smith (alto), Nathan Henshaw (tenor), Jay Byrnes (baritone).

The group performed at the Australian Festival of Chamber Music, the Adelaide Cabaret Festival, and the World Saxophone Congress in Scotland (2012), France (2015) and Croatia (2018) and many other venues in Australia and overseas.

Adelaide Cabaret Festival
34°55′43″S 138°36′03″E﻿ / ﻿34.9285°S 138.6007°E﻿ / -34.9285; 138.6007

The Adelaide Cabaret Festival is an annual  arts festival featuring cabaret held in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It has been held in June each year since 2001, with the exception of 2020 owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, when an online event was presented on Facebook.
Stary Gieląd
Stary Gieląd [ˈstarɨ ˈɡʲɛlɔnt] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sorkwity, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Sorkwity, 10 km (6 mi) west of Mrągowo, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Mrągowo County
Mrągowo County (Polish: powiat mrągowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mrągowo, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Mikołajki, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Mrągowo.

The county covers an area of 1,065.23 square kilometres (411.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,087, out of which the population of Mrągowo is 21,772, that of Mikołajki is 3,848, and the rural population is 24,467.
Kwangchon station
Kwangch'ŏn station is a railway station in Kwangch'ŏn-dong, greater Tanch'ŏn city, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Kŭmgol Line of the Korean State Railway. It was opened on 30 March 1943 along with the rest of the Yŏhaejin–Tongam section of the line; the station was originally called Yongjam station (Chosōn'gŭl: 용잠역; Hanja: 龍岑驛), receiving its current name after the establishment of the DPRK.

Tanchon
Tanch'ŏn (Korean pronunciation: [tan.tsʰʌn]) is a port city in northeastern South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea.  It has a population of approximately 360,000. Tanch'ŏn borders the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea), into which the Namdae River flows.
Connection (fibred manifold)
In differential geometry, a fibered manifold is surjective submersion of smooth manifolds Y → X. Locally trivial fibered manifolds are fiber bundles. Therefore, a notion of connection on fibered manifolds provides a general framework of a connection on fiber bundles.

Pullback bundle
In mathematics, a pullback bundle or induced bundle is the  fiber bundle that is induced by a map of its base-space. Given a fiber bundle  and a continuous map  one can define a "pullback" of  by  as a bundle  over . The fiber of  over a point  in  is just the fiber of  over . Thus  is the disjoint union of all these fibers equipped with a suitable topology.
Malcolmson
Malcolmson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Malcolmson VC MVO (1835–1902), Scottish officer in the Bengal army, Recipient of the Victoria Cross

Leslie Malcolmson (1910–1993), Irish rugby union player

Mary Malcolmson (1864–1935), started the first Girl Guide company in Canada

Sam Malcolmson (1947–2024), Scottish footballer

Sheila Malcolmson (born 1966), Canadian politician

Steven Malcolmson (born 1983), Scottish songwriter

Mary Malcolmson
Mary Helen McKean Malcolmson (Mrs. A.H. Malcolmson) was born in Ireland in 1864, and she later emigrated to Canada where she married A.H. Malcolmson. She started the first Girl Guide company in Canada on 1910-01-11 in St. Catharines, Ontario.

Malcolmson became highly involved in community endeavors: she was instrumental in founding the St. Catharines branch of the Women's Canadian Club, the Victorian Order of Nurses and the St. Catharines Council of Women. She was also a well-known officer of the I.O.D.E. (Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire) and convener in the National Council of Women of Canada. She died 7 July 1935.
Natalia Erdyniyeva
Natalia Erdyniyeva (Russian: Ната́лья Константи́новна Эрдыни́ева, Natálya Konstantínovna Erdyníyeva, born 6 August 1988 in Ulan-Ude, Buryatia) is a Russian archer of the Buryat-Mongol ethnicity. Natalia is a student at Buryat State University in Ulan-Ude. She was trained by her parents, starting with her mother Gerelma Erdyniyeva. Her hobby is dancing.

Buryat State University
Buryat State University (Russian: Бурятский государственный университет), officially Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat State University, is an institution of higher education in Siberia and the Russian Far East, located in the city of Ulan-Ude, Buryat Republic, Russia. Courses are taught in Russian and Buryat. It was established in 1932 as the Buryat-Mongolian State Pedagogical Institute, and became a university in 1995. It is a member of the University of the Arctic.

Founded in 1666, Ulan-Ude is situated 5500 km from Moscow, the capital of Russia, and 450 km from Ulaanbaatar.
Great Midwest Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year
The Great Midwest Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year was an award given to the Great Midwest Conference's most outstanding player. The award was short-lived and only handed out from 1992 to 1995. Four recipients received the award, but only Anfernee "Penny" Hardaway won more than once. Hardaway was the award's first and second player of the year recipient honoree.

The Great Midwest Conference was an NCAA Division I conference that existed from 1991–92 to 1994–95. It was formed in 1990 with six members: Cincinnati and Memphis State (now Memphis) from the Metro Conference; UAB from the Sun Belt Conference; Marquette and Saint Louis from the Midwestern Collegiate Conference (now the Horizon League), and independent DePaul. Dayton joined in 1993.

In 1995, reunification with the Metro Conference and teams from the Southwest Conference formed Conference USA.

Horizon League
The Horizon League is a collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Headquartered in Indianapolis, the league's eleven member schools are located in and near the Great Lakes region and in part of the Southern United States.

The Horizon League founded in 1979 as the Midwestern City Conference. The conference changed its name to Midwestern Collegiate Conference in 1985 and then the Horizon League in 2001. The conference started with a membership of six teams and has fluctuated in size with 24 different schools as members at different times. The league currently has 11 members.

The Horizon League currently sponsors 19 sports and is a non-football conference.
Joel Fausto
Joel Ferreira Figueiredo (born 9 May 1988), better known by Joel Fausto, is a Portuguese musician, songwriter, composer and record producer. He is known as the frontman of Joel Fausto & Illusion Orchestra, formed in 2008. Also he is associated with his side acts Cajado, Gesso, Manos, Omitir and Forgotten Winter. Fausto's music is generally characterised by a frightening emotions through obsessions, fear, death, love, paranoia and surrealistic scenarios.

Fausto has also worked as a composer for some short films, Déjà Vécu(2015) directed by André Leite e Péu Barbosa from Brazil and Berlin Hustle (2016) directed by Laurent Daniels from Germany.

In 2015, one associated website of the famous TV Series Twin Peaks with the name "Welcome To Twin Peaks" compiled an Audrey Horne (Twin Peaks character) inspired playlist called "Isn't It Too Dreamy?" including Joel Fausto & Illusion Orchestra with names like Aphex Twin, Fleetwood Mac, Leonard Cohen, and others.

Dream pop
Dream pop is a subgenre of alternative rock and neo-psychedelia that emphasizes atmosphere and sonic texture as strongly as it does pop melody. Common characteristics include breathy vocals, dense productions, and effects such as reverb, echo, tremolo, and chorus. It often overlaps with the related genre of shoegaze, and the two genre terms have at times been used interchangeably.

Dream pop came into prominence in the 1980s through groups associated with the UK label 4AD, most prominently Cocteau Twins and This Mortal Coil, and later A.R. Kane, who are credited with coining the term. During the late 1980s to early 1990s, the genre saw further proliferation through UK-based artists such as My Bloody Valentine, Slowdive, and Lush alongside US-based acts Galaxie 500, Julee Cruise, and Mazzy Star. By the late 2000s, the sound saw renewed popularity among millennial listeners through bands such as Beach House.
James Beck Swanston
James Beck Swanston (17 September 1878 – 8 July 1957) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Yeovil, Ontario and became a farmer and surgeon.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Maple Creek riding in the 1930 general election after unsuccessful campaigns there in 1925 and 1926. Swanston was defeated in the 1935 federal election by Charles Evans of the Liberal party.

1925 Canadian federal election
The 1925 Canadian federal election was held on October 29, 1925, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 15th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative party took the most seats in the House of Commons, although not a majority. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party was invited to form a minority government. Unlike the Conservative party, King's Liberals had the conditional support of the many Farmer/Progressive MPs. As a result, this is the only election in which the party that won the most seats did not get to form a government afterward.

The government fell the following year. Governor General Baron Byng of Vimy offered the Conservatives under Meighen a chance to form government. This too fell in short order. Byng's action in refusing King's request became the main issue of the 1926 election under the name "King–Byng Affair".
HMS Leander (1780)
HMS Leander was a 50-gun Portland-class fourth-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. Launched at Chatham Dockyard on 1 July 1780, she served in West Africa, the West Indies and Halifax, Nova Scotia. During the French Revolutionary Wars, Leander participated in the Battle of the Nile before a French ship captured her in the action of 18 August 1798. Russo-Ottoman forces recaptured her at the siege of Corfu and returned her to the British in 1799. On 23 February 1805, Leander captured the French frigate Ville de Milan and recaptured her prize, HMS Cleopatra. On 25 April 1806, a warning shot fired by Leander unintentionally killed an American seaman. The resulting Leander affair contributed to the worsening of Anglo-American relations. In 1813, the Admiralty converted Leander to a hospital ship under the name Hygeia. Hygeia was sold in 1817.

Prize (law)
In admiralty law, prizes (from the Old French prise, "taken, seized") are equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict. The most common use of prize in this sense is the capture of an enemy ship and its cargo as a prize of war. In the past, the capturing force would commonly be allotted a share of the worth of the captured prize. Nations often granted letters of marque that would entitle private parties to capture enemy property, usually ships. Once the ship was secured on friendly territory, it would be made the subject of a prize case: an in rem proceeding in which the court determined the status of the condemned property and the manner in which the property was to be disposed of.
Joseph N. P. Bird
Joseph N. P. Bird (October 9, 1835 – September 4, 1886) was an American farmer, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Waushara County, and served as a Union Army officer through most of the American Civil War.  His name is often abbreviated as J. N. P. Bird.

Waushara County, Wisconsin
Waushara County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,520. Its county seat is Wautoma.

Waushara County is located in central Wisconsin, about 80 miles (130 km) north of Madison.
Saint-Just-en-Chaussée station
Saint-Just-en-Chaussée is a railway station serving the town Saint-Just-en-Chaussée, Oise department, northern France. It is situated on the Paris–Lille railway.

The station is served by regional trains to Paris, Creil and Amiens.

Oise
Oise (/wɑːz/ WAHZ; French: [waz] ⓘ; Picard: Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called Oisiens (French: [wazjɛ̃]) or Isariens, after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 in 2019.
Stallingsia maculosus
Stallingsia maculosus, the manfreda giant skipper, is a species of giant skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Stallingsia maculosus is 4152.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.