hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Student (newspaper)
The Student is a fortnightly independent newspaper produced by students at the University of Edinburgh.  First started in 1887, the newspaper is distributed on Wednesdays and usually consists of 32 pages. It has a physical circulation of 2,500 copies per issue and is read by some 30,000 people in Edinburgh, as of 2017.

Since 1992, The Student has become financially and editorially independent from the University of Edinburgh and its students' association. It therefore relies on advertising and fundraising to cover costs. The newspaper is produced by volunteers, who fit this work around their studies. Since September 2017, the paper has switched from weekly production to its current fortnightly format.

The newspaper held the title of Best Student Newspaper in Scotland – awarded by The Herald Student Press Awards – in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010. It also won the Student Publication Association's Best Publication Award in 2024.

Print circulation
Print circulation is the average number of copies of a publication. The number of copies of a non-periodical publication (such as a book) are usually called print run. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.
Zakroczym Land
Zakroczym Land (Polish: ziemia zakroczymska), named after the town of Zakroczym), was an administrative unit (ziemia) of the Duchy of Mazovia, Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was part of Masovian Voivodeship, and its history dates back to the late Middle Ages, when Zakroczym became seat of a castellan. Local sejmiks took place in Zakroczym.

Total area of the Land of Zakroczym was 1155 square kilometers. Located in central Mazovia, it was divided into three counties: Zakroczym, Serock, and Nowe Miasto. All three towns had royal status, and were seats of castellans. The biggest city of Zakroczym Land however was Pultusk, with its residence of the Bishops of Plock and Jesuit College.

Pułtusk
Pułtusk ([ˈpuu̯tusk]) is a town in Poland, by the river Narew. Located 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of Warsaw in the Masovian Voivodeship, it has a population of 19,224 as of 2023. Known for its historic architecture and Europe's longest paved marketplace (380 metres (1,250 ft) in length), it is a popular weekend destination for the residents of Warsaw.

Pułtusk is one of the oldest towns in Poland, having received town rights from Duke Siemowit I of Masovia in 1257. Throughout the 15th and 17th centuries, the settlement was a significant economic centre of Masovia. The favourable geographical placement of the town on the Narew, along which goods were transported to the port of Gdańsk on the Baltic Sea, contributed to the town's importance. Pułtusk was also the site of notable events, such as the Napoleon's 1806 battle, and the world's largest recorded meteorite shower to date in 1868, among others.
Shridharadasa
Shridharadasa, also spelt Sridhar Das, was a Bengali poetry anthologist and feudal king belonging to the ancient Barendra Kayastha Dasa family. The family later became famous as the Munshi family when his descendant Munshi Balaram Das was appointed as the court Munshi by Raja Sitaram Ray during 17th century.  Shridharadasa is remembered for the compilation named Saduktikarnamrita, an anthology of Sanskrit verses during 1127 sakabda (1205 AD) and during the reign of Sena Emperor Lakshmana Sena. Shridharadasa was the son of Mahasamanta Shri Vatudasa and grandson of Narasimha Dasa. In the colophon of Saduktikarnamrita, he described himself as Mahamandalika (a great ruler of an administrative unit called 'Mandala') under Sena Empire. He was patronized by Lakshmana Sena.

Bengali Kayastha
Bengali Kayastha is a Bengali Hindu caste that originated from the Bengal region of the  Indian subcontinent, and is one of the main subgroups of the Kayastha community. The historical caste occupation of Kayasthas throughout India has been that of scribes, administrators, ministers and record-keepers; the Kayasthas in Bengal, along with Brahmins and Baidyas, are regarded among the three traditional higher castes that comprise the "upper layer of Hindu society". During the British Raj, the Bhadraloks of Bengal were drawn primarily, but not exclusively, from these three castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal.
Valley New School
Valley New School (VNS) is a charter school in Appleton, Wisconsin operated by the Appleton Area School District. It has a capacity of 68 students in grades 7 through 12. The school operates through a project-based learning model, with the philosophy that 21st century skills and the process of learning is more important than learning a standard curriculum.

Project-based learning
Project-based learning is a teaching method that involves a dynamic classroom approach in which it is believed that students acquire a deeper knowledge through active exploration of real-world challenges and problems.  Students learn about a subject by working for an extended period of time to investigate and respond to a complex question, challenge, or problem.  It is a style of active learning and inquiry-based learning. Project-based learning  contrasts with paper-based, rote memorization, or teacher-led instruction that presents established facts or portrays a smooth path to knowledge by instead posing questions, problems, or scenarios.
Marion, Pennsylvania
Marion is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 851.

It lies along U.S. Route 11, 6 miles (10 km) south of Chambersburg and 5 miles (8 km) north of Greencastle. Interstate 81 passes along the eastern edge of the community, with access from Exit 10 (Pennsylvania Route 914). I-81 leads northeastward 37 miles (60 km) to Carlisle and south 17 miles (27 km) to Hagerstown, Maryland.

Marion was originally called Independence, and under the latter name was laid out circa 1810. A post office called Marion has been in operation since 1833. The present name is after Francis Marion, army officer during the American Revolutionary War, known as the Swamp Fox.

U.S. Route 11 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 11 (US 11) roughly parallels Interstate 81 (I-81) in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The route runs from the Maryland state line in Antrim Township, Franklin County, northeast to the New York state line in Great Bend Township, Susquehanna County. US 11 serves Harrisburg, Wilkes-Barre, and Scranton. Between Harrisburg and Scranton, US 11 follows the Susquehanna River, while I-81 follows a shorter route over the mountains further to the east.
Criminal (comics)
Criminal is an American creator-owned comic book series written by Ed Brubaker and illustrated by Sean Phillips. It was originally published by Marvel Comics' Icon imprint and later by Image Comics. The series is a meditation on the clichés of the crime genre while remaining realistic and believable.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.
Emmabuntüs
Emmabuntüs is a Linux distribution derived from Debian (previously Ubuntu) and designed to facilitate the restoration of computers donated to humanitarian organizations like the Emmaüs Communities.

The name Emmabuntüs is a portmanteau of Emmaüs and Ubuntu.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Tom Violette
Tom Violette (born October 26, 1960) is an American curler from Issaquah, Washington and Stevens Point, Wisconsin.

He is a 1992 World Men's bronze medallist, a two-time United States men's curling champion (1990, 1992), and a 2015 World Seniors gold medalist.

Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Stevens Point is a city in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Its population was 25,666 at the 2020 census. It forms the core of the Stevens Point micropolitan statistical area, which had a population of 70,377 in 2020.

Stevens Point was incorporated in 1858. The city is home to the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point and a campus of Mid-State Technical College.
Roman II of Moldavia
Roman II of Moldavia (Romanian: Roman al II-lea al Moldovei; 1426 – 2 July 1448) was the son of Iliaş of Moldavia and Maria Olszanska from the noble Polish family of Olshanski. He was a co-ruler of Moldavia 1447–1448, ruling together with his uncle Petru after killing his other uncle, Stephen II of Moldavia, with Polish support. Later, due to the Ottoman invasion of Moldavia, he had to flee to Kraków where he died at the age of 22.

Alšėniškiai
The House of Alšėniškiai (Belarusian: Гальшанскі, romanized: Halšanski, Polish: Holszański) was a Lithuanian by origin Ruthenianized and predominantly Eastern Orthodox princely family of Hipocentaur coat of arms. Their patrimony was the Duchy of Alšėnai, which included the castles of Rokantiškės and Alšėnai.
Camillo Bozzolo
Camillo Bozzolo (May 30, 1845 – February 28, 1920) was an Italian physician who was a native of Milan.

In 1868 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Pavia, and afterwards continued his studies in Austria and Germany at the laboratories of Johann von Oppolzer (1808–1871), Ludwig Traube (1818–1876) and Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902). Later he was an assistant pathologist to Giulio Bizzozero (1846–1901) in Turin, and in 1883 a professor and director of the medical clinic in Turin.

His earlier studies dealt with metastasis of cancer involving the bloodstream and lymph glands. With Edoardo Perroncito (1847–1936) and Luigi Pagliani (1847–1931), he discovered that hookworm  (Ancylostoma duodenale) was the cause of anemia affecting workmen building the St. Gotthard Railway. He is credited for introducing thymol as a treatment for hookworm.

Gotthard Tunnel
The Gotthard Tunnel (German: Gotthardtunnel, Italian: Galleria del San Gottardo) is a 15-kilometre-long (9.3 mi) railway tunnel that forms the summit of the Gotthard Railway in Switzerland. It connects Göschenen with Airolo and was the first tunnel through the Saint-Gotthard Massif in order to bypass the St Gotthard Pass. It was built as single bore tunnel accommodating a standard gauge double-track railway throughout. When opened in 1882, the Gotthard Tunnel was the longest tunnel in the world.

The tunnel rises from the northern portal at Göschenen (1,106 m or 3,629 ft) and the highest point (1,151 m or 3,776 ft) is reached after approximately eight kilometres (5 mi). After two more kilometers, the border between the cantons of Uri and Ticino is passed; after another five kilometres (3 mi), the tunnel ends at the southern portal near to Airolo (1,142 m or 3,747 ft). The trip takes about seven to eight minutes by train. Services are operated by the Swiss Federal Railways.
Yelena Rojkova
Yelena Rojkova (born May 27, 1989) is a Turkmen swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. Rojkova qualified for the women's 100 m backstroke at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by receiving a Universality place from FINA, in an entry time of 1:18.00. She participated in heat one against two other swimmers Lenient Obia of Nigeria, and Ana Galindo of Honduras. She rounded out a small field of three to last place by a 5.53-second margin behind winner Obia, breaking a Turkmen record of 1:15.48. Rojkova failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed forty-second overall in the preliminaries.

Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke
The women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on August 15 and 16.

U.S. swimmer Natalie Coughlin won the gold medal in this event, outside the record time of 1:00.37. The silver medal was awarded to Zimbabwe's Kirsty Coventry, who finished behind Coughlin by 0.13 of a second, breaking an African record of 1:00.50. France's Laure Manaudou, who won the gold in the 400 m freestyle on the previous day, took home the bronze medal, with a time of 1:00.88. In the semifinals, Coughlin lowered an Olympic record time of 1:00.21, set by Romania's Diana Mocanu in Sydney (2000), to 1:00.17.
Lag Jaa Gale
"Lag Jaa Gale" (transl. Embrace me) is a Hindi song with music by Madan Mohan Kohli and lyrics by Raja Mehdi Ali Khan, written for the 1964 Hindi film Woh Kaun Thi? under the music label Saregama. On the screen, the song was performed by the film's star Sadhana, though actually sung by playback singer Lata Mangeshkar.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Let All That We Imagine Be the Light
Let All That We Imagine Be the Light is the eighth studio album by American rock band Garbage, released on May 30, 2025, through BMG. It was recorded between 2022 and 2024 across sessions in two California-based studios and Shirley Manson's bedroom. It was produced by the band and Billy Bush. Musically, Let All That We Imagine Be The Light departs from the socio-political ideas of No Gods No Masters (2021) with more optimistic lyrics and themes.

To promote the album, Garbage embarked on the Happy Endings tour and released two singles: "There's No Future in Optimism" and "Get Out My Face AKA Bad Kitty". It charted in seven countries worldwide, reaching number eight on the Top Album Sales chart—the band's first work to not enter the US Billboard 200—and number 24 on the UK Albums Chart. Critics praised the emotional depth of Let All That We Imagine Be The Light, some of whom deemed it a return-to-form for the band.

BMG Rights Management
BMG Rights Management GmbH (also known simply as BMG) is an international music company based in Berlin, Germany. It combines the activities of a music publisher and a record label.

BMG was originally founded in 1985 and relaunched in October 2008 after Bertelsmann sold its stake in Sony BMG to Sony. From 2009 to 2013, the investment firm KKR held 51% of the company, which became one of the world's largest music publishers during that time. BMG is 100% owned by Bertelsmann and one of the group's eight business divisions.
Weekly Illustrated
Weekly Illustrated was a weekly British magazine.

The magazine was launched in 1934 by Odhams Press, publishers of the Daily Herald. Under the editorship of Stefan Lorant (1901–1997) it was the first British picture magazine that was based on European ideas of photo reportage. Photojournalists contributing to the magazine included Bill Brandt and Felix H. Man. There were sometimes special issues for notable occasions such as coronations and royal birthdays, or selected topics such as the Queen Mary liner. Journalists working with Stefan Lorant included Tom Hopkinson (1905–1990), later knighted in 1978. Both were also editors of the magazine Picture Post. In 1939 the Weekly Illustrated changed its name to Illustrated when it merged with The Passing Show. It continued to be published until 1958 when it was incorporated into John Bull.

Bill Brandt
Bill Brandt (born Hermann Wilhelm Brandt [bʁant]; 2 May 1904 – 20 December 1983): 14  was a British photographer and photojournalist. Born in Germany, Brandt moved to England, where he became known for his images of British society for such magazines as Lilliput and Picture Post; later he made distorted nudes, portraits of famous artists and landscapes. He is widely considered to be one of the most important British photographers of the 20th century.
Birchanger
Birchanger (/ˈbərtʃæŋər/) is a village in Essex, England, 3 km (1.9 mi) north-east of Bishop's Stortford, its post town (which is over the county boundary in Hertfordshire), and 25 km (16 mi) north-west of the county town, Chelmsford.  The village is in the district of Uttlesford and the parliamentary constituency of Saffron Walden. There is a Parish Council. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 864.

The local CoE church of St Mary the Virgin, dating from the 12th century, is a Grade II* listed building.

The village lies close to London Stansted Airport, 3 km (1.9 mi) to the east, and is 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Stansted Mountfitchet. The parish includes Birchanger Green services on the M11 motorway.

In the 12th century, the village name in Old English was "Bircehangra", which means "wooded slope growing with birch trees". This name is still appropriate today as parts of Birchanger Wood still exist and contain many birch trees.

Saffron Walden (UK Parliament constituency)
Saffron Walden was a constituency in Essex, that was represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1922 to 2024 exclusively by members of the Conservative Party.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to relatively minor boundary changes, it was reformed as North West Essex for the 2024 general election.
Charles Herb
Charles August Herb (September 21, 1846 – October 18, 1895) was an American merchant and politician.

Born in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Herb emigrated with his family in 1852 to the United States and settled in New York City, in Fosterburg, Illinois, and then in Alton, Illinois. Herb served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Herb was a merchant and lived in Alton, Illinois. Herb served on the Madison County, Illinois Board of Commissioners. He also served on the Alton city council and was the mayor of Alton. In 1895, he served in the Illinois State Senate and was a Republican.

Herb died at age 49 at his home in Alton, Illinois in 1895, following a stroke.

Madison County, Illinois
Madison County is located in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is a part of the Metro East in southern Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 264,776, making it the eighth-most populous county in Illinois and the most populous in the southern portion of the state. The county seat is Edwardsville, and the largest city is Granite City.

Madison County is part of the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis. The pre-Columbian city of Cahokia Mounds, a World Heritage Site, was located near Collinsville. Edwardsville is home to Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. To the north, Alton is known for its abolitionist and American Civil War-era history. It is also the home of the Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine. Godfrey, the village named for Captain Benjamin Godfrey, offers Lewis and Clark Community College formerly the Monticello Female Seminary.
Connecticut Ice
Connecticut Ice is an annual ice hockey event celebrating the tradition and progress of youth and amateur hockey in the state of Connecticut. The three-day event is headlined by a four-team tournament with participation from all of the state's four Division I programs: Connecticut, Quinnipiac, Sacred Heart and Yale.

Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey
The Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey team represents Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut and is the oldest collegiate ice hockey team in the United States. The Bulldogs compete in the Ivy League and the ECAC Hockey League (ECACHL) and play their home games at Ingalls Rink, also called the Yale Whale. The current head coach is Keith Allain, who led the Bulldogs to an Ivy League championship in his first year as head coach (2006–2007 season). Allain is assisted by former QU/UND goaltender, Josh Siembida.  On April 13, 2013, the Bulldogs shut out Quinnipiac 4–0 to win their first NCAA Division I Championship.
2006 Atlantic Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 2006 AHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 3rd Atlantic Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 11 and March 18, 2006. Opening round games were played at home team campus sites, while the semifinals and championship games were played at the Holy Cross home venue: Hart Center in Worcester, Massachusetts. By winning the tournament, Holy Cross received the Atlantic Hockey Association's automatic bid to the 2006 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. This was the final year in which the AHA championship game was played at a non-neutral site.

Holy Cross Crusaders men's ice hockey
The Holy Cross Crusaders men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the College of the Holy Cross. The Crusaders are members of Atlantic Hockey America (AHA), formed shortly after the 2023–24 season by the merger of their former home of the Atlantic Hockey Association with the women-only College Hockey America. They play at the Hart Center in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Abu ol Hayat
Ario Barzan (Persian: آریو برزن, also Romanized as Ario Barzan; and Tang-e Ario Barzan) is a village in Kuhmareh Rural District, Kuhmareh District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 805, in 176 families.

Kuhmareh Rural District
Kuhmareh Rural District (Persian: دهستان کوهمره) is in Kuhmareh District of Kuhchenar County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Malay-e Anbar. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Nowdan.
Frankfurt Galaxy (NFL Europe)
The Frankfurt Galaxy were a professional American football team that originally played in the World League of American Football and later in the resurrected NFL Europe. The team was based in Frankfurt, Germany and played in the Commerzbank-Arena, formerly called Waldstadion. The Galaxy was the only team in the league to have remained in operation and in the same city throughout the league's existence.

As of 2021, an unrelated team of the same name plays in the European League of Football.

European League of Football
The European League of Football (ELF) is a professional American football league based in Europe, continuing some team names of the former NFL Europe. The ELF played its first season in 2021, and has 16 teams as of the 2025 season. Teams are located in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Switzerland with plans to expand.