hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheila Salas
Sheila Salas (born 28 January 1993) is a Cuban handball player. She plays for the club Matanzas and is member of the Cuban national team. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

2015 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2015 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 22nd event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Denmark. The decision to select Denmark as the host was announced on 27 January 2011.

In the final Norway won 31–23 against the Netherlands to gain their third title. Romania won bronze after they defeated Poland 31–22.
Women in chemistry
This is a list of women chemists. It should include those who have been important to the development or practice of chemistry. Their research or application has made significant contributions in the area of basic or applied chemistry.

Pierre Curie
Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist and chemist, and a pioneer in crystallography and magnetism. He shared one half of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie, for their work on radioactivity. With their win, the Curies became the first married couple to win a Nobel Prize, launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes.
Martin Sauer (rowing)
Martin Sauer (born 17 December 1982) is a German former representative rowing coxswain. He was an eight-time world champion at the senior level and three-time underage world champion. He is a triple Olympian and a triple Olympic medallist. He held his seat as coxswain of the German senior men's eight — the Deutschlandachter — constantly from 2009 to 2021 and steered that crew to their six world championship titles and also when at the 2017 World Rowing Cup II they set a world's best time of 5.18.68, which still the standing world mark as of 2021.

He coxed the German crew which won the gold medal in the men's eight competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.  At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he steered Germany's men's eight to their silver medal win. He was selected in the German Olympic rowing squad for Tokyo 2021 and coxed the men's eight for his third Olympic appearance and his second Olympic silver medal.

Coxswain (rowing)
In a rowing crew, the coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən or /ˈkɒksweɪn/ KOK-swayn; colloquially known as the cox or coxie) is a crewmember who does not row but directs the boat. The coxswain sits facing the bow, unlike the rowers, and is responsible for steering the boat and coordinating the power and rhythm of the rowers. The coxswain's role while on the water is similar to that of an assistant coach or team captain, and they are sometimes also called upon to implement the training regimen or race plan.

In most racing, coxswains may be of either sex regardless of the sex of the rowers. Often they are women, since women are more likely to be near the ideal weight of a cox, which is 110 lbs or 120 lbs for USRowing and 55 kg for World Rowing (see Sex, and Weight, below).
Soho Cottage
The Soho Cottage is a historic house at 21 Windsor Street in Worcester, Massachusetts.  Built in 1860, it is one of the city's finest surviving examples of Carpenter Gothic architecture, owned and occupied for many years by a prominent local industrialist.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Siege of Caffa (1475)
The Third Ottoman Siege of Caffa took place in June 1475. This military operation was part of the Crimean Campaign of 1475 which aimed to bring the southern part of the peninsula under direct Ottoman control. Caffa, which was besieged both by sea and land by the Ottoman army under the command of Gedik Ahmed Pasha, surrendered after resisting for several days.

Feodosia
Feodosia (Ukrainian: Феодосія, Теодосія, Feodosiia, Teodosiia; Russian: Феодосия, tr. Feodosiya), also called in English Theodosia (from Greek: Θεοδοσία), is a city on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. Feodosia serves as the administrative center of Feodosia Municipality, one of the regions into which Crimea is divided. During much of its history, the city was a significant settlement known as Caffa (Ligurian: Cafà) or Kaffa (Old Crimean Tatar/Ottoman Turkish: کفه‎; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe). According to the 2014 census, its population was 69,145.
Hollingbourne Downs
Hollingbourne Downs is a 60.9-hectare (150-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Maidstone in Kent.

This escarpment has unimproved chalk grassland and beech woodland. The dominant grasses are tor-grass, upright brome and sheep's fescue, and shrub species on woodland margins include the wayfaring-tree and traveller's-joy.

The site is crossed by several public footpaths.

Brachypodium pinnatum
Brachypodium pinnatum, the heath false brome or tor-grass, is a species of grass with a widespread distribution in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It typically grows in calcareous grassland, and reaches 70–120 centimetres (28–47 in) tall. The flowerhead is open, with 10 to 15 erect spikelets.
Elizaveta Makarova
Elizaveta Dmitriyevna Makarova (Russian: Елизавета Дмитриевна Макарова, born 17 June 1994) is a Russian pair skater who competed internationally for Bulgaria with Leri Kenchadze. They became the 2013 Toruń Cup champions, 2015 Bavarian Open bronze medalists, and four-time Bulgarian national champions. The pair competed at four European Championships and three World Championships.

Earlier in her career, Makarova competed for four seasons with Alexei Shemet in Russia.

Mentor Toruń Cup
The World Mentor Toruń Cup (previously known as the Kangus Cup in 2006, the Nestlé Kangus Cup in 2008, the GAM Nestlé Nesquik Cup from 2009 to 2010, the Mentor Nestlé Nesquik Toruń Cup from 2011 to 2016, and the Mentor Cup from 2017 to 2019) is an annual international figure skating competition which is generally held in January in Toruń, Poland. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
Logie Awards of 1978
The 20th Annual TV Week Logie Awards were presented on Friday 3 March 1978 at Southern Cross Hotel in Melbourne and broadcast on the Nine Network. Bert Newton from the Nine Network was the Master of Ceremonies. American singer Sammy Davis Jr., television actors Mike Farrell, Florence Henderson, Richard Anderson, and Patty Weaver, and British television host David Frost appeared as guests. Bob Hope also made a brief introduction via cable from Sydney.

Southern Cross Hotel
The Southern Cross Hotel was a hotel in Melbourne, Australia. It was opened by Prime Minister Robert Menzies on 24 August 1962 as Australia's first modern 'International' hotel, heralding the arrival of American-style glamour, the jet-set and international tourism. It occupied a large site on Bourke Street in central Melbourne, formerly occupied by the grand Eastern Market, and was the premier hotel in the city into the early 1980s. The Southern Cross was the preferred hotel for celebrities in this period, most famously The Beatles in 1964, and the ballroom was the preferred location for locally and nationally important events.

Closed on 1 April 1995 and partly demolished, the hotel tower remained standing and vacant until its demolition in 2003.
Maisons
Maisons (French for "houses") is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

Maisons, Aude, in the Aude department

Maisons, Calvados, in the Calvados department, Normandy

Maisons, Eure-et-Loir, in the Eure-et-Loir department

Maisons-Alfort, in the suburbs of Paris

Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont, in the Doubs department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

Maisons-en-Champagne, in the Marne department

Maisons-Laffitte, in the Yvelines department, Île-de-France
Château de Maisons, a 17th-century manor house

Maisons-lès-Chaource, in the Aube department, Grand Est

Maisons-lès-Soulaines, in the Aube department, Grand Est

Maisons-Alfort
Maisons-Alfort (French pronunciation: [mɛzɔ̃ alfɔʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 8.4 km (5.2 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Maisons-Alfort is famous as the location of the National Veterinary School of Alfort. The Fort de Charenton, constructed between 1841 and 1845, has since 1959 housed the Commandement des Écoles de la Gendarmerie Nationale.
California Public Records Act
The California Public Records Act (Statutes of 1968, Chapter 1473; currently codified as Division 10 of Title 1 of the California Government Code) was a law passed by the California State Legislature and signed by governor Ronald Reagan in 1968 requiring inspection or disclosure of governmental records to the public upon request, unless exempted by law.

The law is similar to the Freedom of Information Act, except that "the people have the right of access to information concerning the conduct of the people's business" is enshrined in Article 1 of the California Constitution due to California Proposition 59 (the Sunshine Amendment, 2004).

California Codes
The California Codes are 29 legal codes enacted by the California State Legislature, which, alongside uncodified acts, form the general statutory law of California. The official codes are maintained by the California Office of Legislative Counsel for the legislature.  The Legislative Counsel also publishes the official text of the Codes publicly at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov.
Southbridge Town Hall
Southbridge Town Hall is an historic town hall at 41 Elm Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts.  The imposing Romanesque Revival building was built in 1888 to serve as both the town hall and the public high school.  It is the only major Romanesque building to survive in Southbridge. and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Southbridge, Massachusetts
Southbridge is a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 17,740 at the 2020 census. Although Southbridge has a city form of government, it is legally known as the Town of Southbridge.
Amal McCaskill
Amal Omari McCaskill (born October 28, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player, at the center position.

After a four-year career at Marquette University, McCaskill was selected by the National Basketball Association's Orlando Magic with the 49th pick (2nd round) of the 1996 NBA draft. He appeared in 4 seasons with as many teams: 1996-97 with Orlando, 2001-02 with the San Antonio Spurs, 2002-03 with the Atlanta Hawks and 2003-04 with the Philadelphia 76ers.

After his release from Orlando in 1997 (and Philadelphia in 2004), McCaskill played as an import in Greece, Spain, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Italy and Lebanon. In the United States, McCaskill also appeared for the CBA's Fort Wayne Fury in 1997–98, and the Albany Patroons (2007–08).

In June 2008, McCaskill moved to the Philippine Basketball Association, as an import for the Magnolia Beverage Masters, helping the team reach the semi-finals.

Lega Basket
The Lega Basket A (officially: Lega Società di Pallacanestro Serie A, English: Basket League) is the organizing body, as delegated by the Italian Basketball Federation, of the top division of Italian professional men's basketball league, the Serie A (English: Basket League A Series). It is composed of the clubs that participate in the Lega Basket Serie A. It is headquartered in Bologna, Italy.

Basket League is a founding member of ULEB. Basket League organizes the LBA, the Italian Cup, the Italian Supercup, and the Italian All Star Game. Discussions have been held as to the possibility of Basket League gaining more autonomy, similarly to that of the corresponding football organization, Lega Serie A. It is the sole professional sport league in Italy outside football. The current president of Basket League is Fernando Marino.
MARHy Wind Tunnel
The MARHy Hypersonic low density Wind Tunnel, located at the ICARE Laboratory in Orléans, France, is a research facility used extensively for fundamental and applied research of fluid dynamic phenomena in rarefied compressible flows. Its name is an acronym for Mach Adaptable Rarefied Hypersonic, and the wind tunnel is recorded under this name in the European portal MERIL.

The facility was completed in 1963 and is one of the three facilities belonging to the FAST platform (composed of two other wind tunnels) and used in the aim of supporting aeronautics and aerospace research.

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Out of Your Shoes
"Out of Your Shoes" is a song written by Patti Ryan, Jill Wood and Sharon Spivey, and recorded by American country music artist Lorrie Morgan.  It was released in July 1989 as the third single from her album Leave the Light On.  The song reached #2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in December 1989. It also reached the number one position of the country music charts at Radio & Records.

Leave the Light On (Lorrie Morgan album)
Leave the Light On is the debut studio album by American country music singer Lorrie Morgan. Its singles were "Trainwreck of Emotion" at No. 20, "Dear Me" at No. 9, "Out of Your Shoes" at No. 2, "Five Minutes" at No. 1, and "He Talks to Me" at No. 4. On the original vinyl LP, there were only nine tracks, but the CD version adds two more, including a cover of the Beatles' 1965 single "Eight Days a Week."
Zirc Arboretum
The Zirc Arboretum is an arboretum in Zirc, Hungary.

The existence of their collection of plants is associated with the arrival of the Cistercian order to Zirc.

In the Forestry House in Bakonybél is an exhibition about the arboretum, environmental protection and forestry.

Environmental protection
Environmental protection, or environment protection, refers to the taking of measures to protecting the natural environment, prevent pollution and maintain ecological balance. Action may be taken by individuals, advocacy groups and governments. Objectives include the conservation of the existing natural environment and natural resources and, when possible, repair of damage and reversal of harmful trends.

Due to the pressures of overconsumption, population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently. This has been recognized, and governments have begun placing restraints on activities that cause environmental degradation. Since the 1960s, environmental movements have created more awareness of the multiple environmental problems. There is disagreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity, so protection measures are occasionally debated.
Mount Aubert de la Rue
Mount Aubert de la Rue (53°1′S 73°22′E﻿ / ﻿53.017°S 73.367°E﻿ / -53.017; 73.367) is an ice-free hill, 125 metres (410 ft) high, standing at the south end and surmounting the low Fidelia Isthmus that connects Laurens Peninsula with the main mass of Heard Island. It was first charted and named by Edgar Aubert de la Rue, French geologist aboard the whale catcher of the island in January 1929, and later surveyed by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1948.

Laurens Peninsula
Laurens Peninsula (53°0′S 73°18′E﻿ / ﻿53.000°S 73.300°E﻿ / -53.000; 73.300) is a rugged peninsula surmounted by several ice-covered peaks that forms the northwestern part of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. The name was applied by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition following their survey in 1948. It derives from the existing name Cape Laurens, applied for the northwestern extremity of this peninsula after the American bark Laurens which, under Captain Franklin F. Smith, visited Heard Island in 1855–56 and assisted in initiating sealing operations there.

A small hill called Macey Cone sits at the northwest end of the peninsula. It is connected to the main island by the Fidelia Isthmus, although new channels are increasingly separating the two areas.
Association Royale des Radio Amateurs du Maroc
The Association Royale des Radio Amateurs du Maroc (ARRAM) (in English, Royal Association of Radio Amateurs of Morocco) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Morocco.  Key membership benefits of the ARRAM include a QSL bureau for those amateur radio operators in regular communications with other amateur radio operators in foreign countries, and a network to support amateur radio emergency communications.

The ARRAM operates a club station with the call sign CN8MC.  The ARRAM represents the interests of Moroccan amateur radio operators before Moroccan and international regulatory authorities.  The ARRAM is the national member society representing Morocco in the International Amateur Radio Union.

QSL card
A QSL card is a written confirmation of either a two-way radiocommunication between two amateur radio or citizens band stations; a one-way reception of a signal from an AM radio, FM radio, television or shortwave broadcasting station; or the reception of a two-way radiocommunication by a third party listener. A typical QSL card is the same size and made from the same material as a typical postcard, and most are sent through the mail as such.

QSL card derived its name from the Q code "QSL". A Q code message can stand for a statement or a question (when the code is followed by a question mark). In this case, 'QSL?' (note the question mark) means "Do you confirm receipt of my transmission?" while 'QSL' (without a question mark) means "I confirm receipt of your transmission."
Bristol Historic District
The Bristol Historic District in Bristol, Pennsylvania was included on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The district has over 300 buildings, a few dating back to the early eighteenth century. It includes 28 acres, which is the area of the original town as laid out in 1697 and is bounded by the Delaware River, and Lincoln, Pond, Cedar, and Mill Streets.  Most of the buildings are residential and only 22 are considered to be non-historic intrusions to the district.

Thomas Ustick Walter
Thomas Ustick Walter (September 4, 1804 – October 30, 1887) was an American architect. He worked on more than 400 projects, including Moyamensing Prison and Girard College in Philadelphia. He served as the fourth Architect of the Capitol, and led the addition of the north and south wings and the central dome. He retired in 1865, but financial difficulties forced him back to work in the 1870s, including a job as Chief Assistant to the Architect of Philadelphia City Hall.

A founder of the American Institute of Architects, he served as its president from 1876 to 1887.
Chapanlu
Chapanlu (Persian: چپانلو, also Romanized as Chapānlū; also known as Chappeh and Chapeh) is a village in Sivkanlu Rural District, in the Central District of Shirvan County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 149, in 47 families.

North Khorasan province
North Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان شمالی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Bojnord.

North Khorasan is one of the three provinces created after the division of Khorasan in 2004. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5.
Santiago Feliú
Santiago Vicente Feliú Sierra (March 29, 1962 – February 12, 2014) was a Cuban singer and songwriter. Born in Havana, he became part of the musical  movement known as nueva trova, which was the Cuban manifestation of the 
nueva canción movement and included such singers as Frank Delgado and Carlos Varela. Feliú wrote the songs "For Barbara" and "Without Julieta" and recorded 11 albums. His last album, Oh Life, came out in 2010.

On 12 February 2014, he felt severe pain in his chest and died of a heart attack before he could reach the hospital in Havana. He was 51 years old.

Carlos Varela (singer)
Carlos Victoriano Varela Cerezo (born 11 April 1963) is a Cuban singer-songwriter of Nueva Trova, a musical genre characterized by poetic and political themes. Emerging as a response to the unjust conditions that led to the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Nueva Trova emphasizes social commentary and activism. Varela joined the Nueva Trova movement in the 1980s, during his 20s. He has earned the nickname ("cariño" in Spanish) of "Nomo" (Gnome), due to his distinctive style of dressing.
Daqing Wan
Daqing Wan (born 1964 in China) is a Chinese mathematician working in the United States. He received his Ph.D.
from the University of Washington in Seattle in 1991, under the direction of Neal Koblitz. Since 1997, he has been on
the faculty of mathematics at the University of California at Irvine; he has also held visiting positions at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Rennes, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, California, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.

His primary interests include number theory and arithmetic algebraic geometry, particularly zeta functions over finite fields. He is known for his proof of Dwork's conjecture  
that the p-adic unit root zeta function attached to a family of varieties over a finite field of characteristic p is p-adic meromorphic.



He received the Morningside Silver Medal of mathematics in 2001.

Characteristic (algebra)
In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring R, often denoted char(R), is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity (1) that will sum to the additive identity (0). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.

That is, char(R) is the smallest positive number n such that:(p 198, Thm. 23.14)

if such a number n exists, and 0 otherwise.