hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.

Glare (vision)
Glare is difficulty of seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night. Because of this, some cars include mirrors with automatic anti-glare functions and in buildings, blinds or louvers are often used to protect occupants. Glare is caused by a significant ratio of luminance between the task (that which is being looked at) and the glare source. Factors such as the angle between the task and the glare source and eye adaptation have significant impacts on the experience of glare.
Vyacheslav Lykho
Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Lykho (Russian: Вячеслав Николаевич Лыхо; born 16 January 1967, Mikhnevo, Moscow Oblast) is a retired Russian shot putter who represented the USSR, the Unified Team, and later Russia. He won the bronze medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, Spain. He was stripped of his bronze medal won at the 1990 European Championships in Split due to a doping offence.

Mikhnevo
Mikhnevo (Russian: Михнёво) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Stupinsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population:  11,267 (2010 Census); 10,831 (2002 Census); 9,192 (1989 Soviet census).
Klonoa Beach Volleyball
Klonoa Beach Volleyball, known in Japan as Klonoa Beach Volley: Saikyō Team Ketteisen! (クロノアビーチバレー 最強チーム決定戦!, Kuronoa Bīchi Barē: Saikyō Chīmu Ketteisen!; "Klonoa Beach Volleyball: Strongest Team Playoff!"), is a 2002 sports video game developed and published by Namco for the PlayStation. It is a spin-off of the Klonoa game series, and has the distinction of being the last game Namco published for the PlayStation. Its release was limited to Japan and Europe, with the European release notably featuring the characters speaking in multiple languages, such as English, Spanish, French, Italian and German. This marks the first time the Klonoa series would include separate languages as options, which would not happen again until the release of Klonoa, the Wii remake of Klonoa: Door to Phantomile, years later.

This is one of the only Klonoa titles to feature a multiplayer mode, allowing up to four players to compete in pairs against the other team using a multitap.

Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.
Katar Khadak
Katar Khadak is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Vadgaon railway station
Vadgaon Station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on the Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala and Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The few passenger trains to stop on this station are-

Pune–Karjat Passenger.

Mumbai–Sainagar Shirdi Fast Passenger.

Mumbai–Bijapur Fast Passenger. Station has two platforms and a foot overbridge.
2C-TFE
2C-TFE, also known as 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families related to 2C-E and 2C-TFM. It was first synthesised by Daniel Trachsel, and is reportedly a potent psychedelic with an active dose in the 5 to 15 mg range orally, and a long duration of 12 to 24 hours.: 769–771  2C-TFE is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Aleksandrs Semjonovs
Aleksandrs Semjonovs (born 8 June 1972) is a retired professional ice hockey centre who is currently general manager of IFK Arboga IK in the Swedish Division 1 league.

Semjonovs has played in many different countries throughout his career, playing in Latvia, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Sweden and Germany.

Semjonovs also played for the Latvian national ice hockey team and has played more games for his country (209) than any other player.

Latvia men's national ice hockey team
The Latvian men's national ice hockey team represents Latvia in international ice hockey. The team is ranked 10th in the world by IIHF as of 2023 and is controlled by the Latvian Ice Hockey Federation. Their best ever finish at the World Championships was in 2023, when they won the bronze medal. They reached the quarterfinals at the 2014 Winter Olympics, losing 2–1 to Canada. Latvia has hosted the World Championships three times, in 2006, 2021 and 2023.

There are 7,898 registered hockey players in Latvia, which is 0.43% of its population.
Embroidery stitch
In everyday language, a stitch in the context of embroidery or hand-sewing is defined as the movement of the embroidery needle from the back of the fibre to the front side and back to the back side. The thread stroke on the front side produced by this is also called stitch. In the context of embroidery, an embroidery stitch means one or more stitches that are always executed in the same way, forming a figure. Embroidery stitches are also called stitches for short.

Embroidery stitches are the smallest units in embroidery. Embroidery patterns are formed by doing many embroidery stitches, either all the same or different ones, either following a counting chart on paper, following a design painted on the fabric or even working freehand.

Sewing needle
A sewing needle, used for hand-sewing, is a long slender tool with a pointed tip at one end and a hole (or eye) to hold the sewing thread. The earliest needles were made of bone or wood; modern needles are manufactured from high carbon steel wire and are nickel- or 18K gold-plated for corrosion resistance. High-quality embroidery needles are plated with two-thirds platinum and one-third titanium alloy. Traditionally, needles have been kept in needle books or needlecases which have become objects of adornment. Sewing needles may also be kept in an étui, a small box that held needles and other items such as scissors, pencils and tweezers.
2020 Rolex Paris Masters
The 2020 Rolex Paris Masters was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 48th edition of the tournament, and a Masters 1000 event on the 2020 ATP Tour.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, it took place with no fans. It was held at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, between 2 and 8 November 2020.

Accor Arena
Accor Arena (originally known as the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy), also known as Bercy Arena, is an indoor sports arena and concert hall in Paris, France. It lies in the neighbourhood of Bercy, on the Boulevard de Bercy, in the 12th arrondissement of Paris. The closest Paris Métro station is Bercy, which also serves the Finance Ministry.

Designed by the architectural firm Andrault-Parat, Jean Prouvé and Aydin Guvan, the pyramidal arena's sloping walls are covered with a lawn. It can seat 7,000 to 20,300 people, depending on the event.

The arena was renamed Bercy Arena after renovations on 1 January 2015, AccorHotels Arena in October 2015, and given its current name in June 2020.

Since 1985, the arena hosts the annual Festival des Arts Martiaux. The 38th Festival des Arts Martiaux was held in March 2025.
The Tower (Fort Worth, Texas)
The Tower (formerly Block 82 Tower and Bank One Tower) is a 35-story building located in downtown Fort Worth, Texas bound by Taylor Street, Throckmorton Street, West 4th Street, and West 5th Street.  At 488-feet (149 m), it is the fourth tallest building in Fort Worth.  When it was completed in 1974, it was the tallest building in Fort Worth until the completion of the Burnett Plaza in 1983. On March 28, 2000, this tower was severely damaged by an F3 tornado; consensus was nearly reached to demolish the tower, but it was instead converted into the tallest residential building in the city.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
Mau-Mau Cave
Located near Nanyuki, about 199.2 km North East of Nairobi in Kenya's Central Province, the Mau Mau Cave was used as a hide-out by Kenyan Freedom Fighters during the Mau Mau Uprising of 1952 to 1960. It is located approximately 18 km south of the equator inside the thick Mount Kenya National Park.

Mount Kenya National Park
Mount Kenya National Park is a national park in Kenya that was established in 1949 around Mount Kenya to protect its surrounding environment and wildlife. It is also a drainage basin for the region's water supply.
Kilsby and Crick railway station
Kilsby and Crick was a railway station on the Northampton Loop Line serving the villages of Kilsby and Crick in Northamptonshire. It was located to the eastern side of where the railway crossed the A5 road at the site now occupied by the Daventry International Rail Freight Terminal. It was located about 1 mile (1.6 km) from Kilsby and 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) from Crick.

The station was opened along with the line in 1881, by the London and North Western Railway which became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

The station closed to passengers on 1 February 1960 and to goods on 6 July 1964. Most of the station was demolished, but part of the goods platform to the west of the A5 still survives.

Railways Act 1921
The Railways Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an act of Parliament enacted by the British government. It was intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies by "grouping" them into four large companies, dubbed the "Big Four". The system of the "Big Four" lasted until the nationalisation of the railways in 1947.

During World War I, the British government had taken control, although not ownership, of British railways. The intention behind the Act was to reduce inefficient internal competition between railway companies and retain some of the benefits which the country had derived from a government-controlled railway system during the war. The provisions of the act took effect from the start of 1923.
Park Eun-chul
Park Eun-Chul (Korean: 박은철; Hanja: 朴殷哲; pronounced [pak̚ ɯn.tɕʰʌl] or [pa.ɡɯn.tɕʰʌl]; born January 18, 1981, in Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province) is a South Korean wrestler who won the Bronze medal in the Men's Greco-Roman 55kg in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He is also a Three-time world championship medalist, receiving Bronze in 2006, and  Silver in 2005 and 2007. He lost both his world championship finals matches to Hamid Sourian. Park eventually beat Sourian in the Bronze medal match at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Cheongju
Cheongju (Korean: 청주; Korean pronunciation: [tɕʰʌŋ.dʑu]) is the capital and largest city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea. The 'Cheong' in the name of Chungcheong Province is the Cheong of Cheongju.
Moonbi
Moonbi is a village situated on the New England Highway 20 kilometres north of Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia.  It is nestled at the foot of the Moonbi Range and is part of the Tamworth Regional Council local government area. Moonbi is located a few kilometres to the north of the town of Kootingal. At the 2006 census, Moonbi had a population of 357 people.

The village is renowned as a centre for the poultry industry with many large poultry farms and associated industries located around the area. Moonbi has erected a large fibreglass chicken in recognition of the poultry industry centred here. The surrounding area has many small 'lifestyle' blocks that are often used to run horses.

Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.  More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers.

In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organization is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
Nikon AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 16-85mm f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED VR
The Nikon AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 16-85mm f/3.5–5.6G IF-ED VR is a wide to medium telephoto zoom lens produced by Nikon Corporation for its Nikon DX format digital SLR cameras.

Mounted on a Nikon D7100

Close-up of the lens' badge and focus distance window

Comparison between the lens and AF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR

Telephoto lens
A telephoto lens, also known as telelens, is a specific type of a long-focus lens used in photography and cinematography, in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length.: 93  This is achieved by incorporating a special lens group known as a telephoto group that extends the light path to create a long-focus lens in a much shorter overall design. The angle of view and other effects of long-focus lenses are the same for telephoto lenses of the same specified focal length. Long-focal-length lenses are often informally referred to as telephoto lenses, although this is technically incorrect: a telephoto lens specifically incorporates the telephoto group.: 207
Cheddar Ales
Cheddar Ales is an independent, artisanal brewery located in the village of Cheddar in Somerset, England, which produces a range of regular and seasonal beers. Its owner and head brewer, Jem Ham, previously worked 15 years at another local brewery before going out on his own.

Society of Independent Brewers
The Society of Independent Brewers and Associates (formerly the Small Independent Brewers Association, or SIBA) is an organisation representing the interests of independent breweries in the UK. Founded in 1980, it was intended to fight the pub-tie system, under which large brewers owned 80% of the UK's pubs. It changed its name in 1995 to reflect the changing aspirations of its members, but retained its original acronym.
Firsts Monument
The Firsts Monument is installed along Officers Row in the Vancouver, Washington portion of the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. The monument, erected by the Washington State Historical Society in 1925, commemorates several "firsts" to occur at Fort Vancouver, within the Washington Territory, including the first military post, school, and sermon delivery.

Washington Territory
The Washington Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.

The territory was named after George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States.
Sean Penkywicz
Sean Penkywicz (born 18 May 1982) is a former Wales international rugby league footballer who last played as a hooker for the Rochdale Hornets in RFL League 1.

He has played at club level in the Super League for Halifax (two spells, including the second in the Championship), the Huddersfield Giants, in the Championship for the Leigh Centurions, in the inaugural 2017 season for the Toronto Wolfpack, and for Workington Town in Betfred League 1, as a stand-off, scrum-half or hooker.

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Canada–Guatemala relations
Canada–Guatemala relations refers to the bilateral relations between Canada and the Republic of Guatemala.

The two nations established diplomatic relations in 1961. Both nations are members of the Organization of American States and the United Nations.

Alfonso Portillo
Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera (born 24 September 1951) is a Guatemalan politician who served as the 45th president of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004.

He took office on 14 January 2000, representing the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), the party then led by retired general and deposed military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt (1926–2018). In 2014, ten years after his departure from the presidency, Portillo would plead guilty to corruption charges in a United States court.
Swanston (surname)
Swanston is an English-language surname derived from Swanston in Scotland, or similar toponym. Notable people with this surname include:

Charles Swanston (1789–1850), English merchant, banker, and politician

Eliard Swanston (died 1651), English actor

George Heriot Swanston (1814–?), Scottish map engraver

Hamish Swanston (1933–2013), British theologian and historian

James Beck Swanston (1878–1957), Canadian farmer, surgeon, and politician

J. W. Swanston, 19th-century English printer

Velma Swanston Howard (1868–1937), Swedish-American translator

G. H. Swanston
George Heriot Swanston (7 May 1814 in Edinburgh – ?) was a  Scottish map engraver, particularly noted for his engravings and vignettes illustrating Archibald Fullarton & Co's Royal Illustrated Atlas in the 1860s. He often collaborated with another Scot, the cartographer John Bartholomew. George Heriot was the son of George Swanston who had married Margaret Heriot on 2 November 1807 at Canongate in Edinburgh.
Harbour Plaza
Harbour Plaza Residences is a mixed-use development  in the South Core district of Toronto, Ontario. It consists of 63- and 67-storey condominium towers and 200,000 square feet of retail space. Harbour Plaza's soaring towers are anchored by a retail podium, in addition to the One York Street commercial office tower also known as the Sun Life Financial Tower. The two residential towers, rising to 237 m (778 ft) and 228 m (748 ft), are the tallest twin buildings in Canada. The complex was developed by Menkes Developments and Oxford Properties Group.

Among the tenants of the four-storey retail podium are Mercatino, Pure Fitness, and Winners.

The buildings were completed in 2016.

Murray Menkes
Murray Menkes (April 21, 1926 – April 24, 2013) was a Canadian property developer and founder of Menkes Developments Ltd. in North York, Ontario, which became one of the largest developers in the Toronto area.
Listed buildings in Hoar Cross
Hoar Cross is a civil parish in the district of East Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England.  It contains six listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Hoar Cross and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of a country house and associated structures, a church, and a milepost.

East Staffordshire
East Staffordshire is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England. The council is based in Burton upon Trent. The borough also contains the town of Uttoxeter and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Lichfield, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, Derbyshire Dales and South Derbyshire.
Karrick
Karrick could refer to:

Lewis Karrick (1890–1962), an American petroleum refinery engineer, oil shale and coal technologist, and inventor

Karrick process, a low temperature carbonization process

Karrick Building, a historic U.S. building located at Eau Gallie, Florida

Karrick Building (Eau Gallie, Florida)
The Karrick Building is a historic U.S. building located at 1490 Highland Avenue, Eau Gallie, Florida.  The building was constructed in 1924 by Jesse Karrick and it was used as a general merchandise and grocery store until 1963.  Jesse Karrick was the first proprietor of the store and also served as the first fire chief of Eau Gallie.