hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic
The 2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic was the sixth round of the 2002 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 20 July 2002 at the Markéta Stadium in Prague, Czech Republic.

It was the 6th time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic had been held.

The Grand Prix was by Australian rider Jason Crump (his 6th career Grand Prix win).

Markéta Stadium
The Markéta Stadium (Czech: Plochodrážní stadion Markéta) is a 10,000-capacity multi-use stadium on U Vojtěšky in Břevnov, Prague, Czech Republic. The stadium hosts motorcycle speedway and has been the home of the Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic since 1997. The speedway track has a circumference of 353 metres (386 yards).

The stadium opened during the 1930s as an athletics ground and is home to the athletics club PSK Olymp Praha and the Prague speedway team AK Markéta Praha. Since 1959, it has been hosting international speedway events and on an annual basis it also holds the Luboš Tomíček Memorial, named after the rider Luboš Tomíček Sr.

In 2022, the stadium was selected as the first ever venue for 2022 SGP2. In 2023, the stadium hosted rugby matches during the 2022–23 Rugby Europe International Championships.
Baw Ngan-Mohn
Phaw Ngæm Mung ( PAW-ngam-mung, Mon: ဘဝ်ၚာံမုင်) or Baw Ngan-Mohn ( Burmese: ဘောငံမုန် Burmese pronunciation: [bɔ́ ŋàɴ mòʊ̯ɴ]; also knowm in classical Burmese as Baw Khome-Hmaing (ဘောခုံမှိုင်း, [bɔ́ kʰòʊɴ m̥áɪɴ]; c. 1370 – 1389/90), was heir-apparent of Hanthawaddy during the late reign of his father King Binnya U. After Binnya U's death in 1384, Ngan-Mohn was put in prison by his half-brother Razadarit who seized the throne with the help of the court. The prince was executed in 1389/90.

Hanthawaddy kingdom
The Hanthawaddy kingdomMon: ဍုၚ် ဟံသာဝတဳ, [hɔŋsawətɔe]listenⓘ; Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Rone Hongsarwatoi or simply Pegu), classical name Ham̥sāvatī ("Realm of Hamsa"), was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (Mon: ရးမည, Burmese: ရာမည ဒေသ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan kingdom in 1287: 205–206, 209  as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.
The Trial of Joan of Arc
The Trial of Joan of Arc (French: Procès de Jeanne d'Arc) is a 1962 French historical drama film written and directed by Robert Bresson. Florence Delay stars as Joan of Arc, a French military leader, who is undergoing a trial on the charge of heresy in 1431, during the Hundred Years' War.

Heresy in the Catholic Church
Heresy is defined by the Catholic Church as "the obstinate denial or obstinate doubt after the reception of baptism of some truth which is to be believed by divine and Catholic faith". The term heresy connotes both the belief in itself, and the attitude towards said belief.
Thomas Pedersen (handballer)
Thomas Pedersen (born 6 June 1980) is a Danish handballer, currently playing for Danish Handball League side Skjern Håndbold. He has previously played for league rivals GOG Svendborg and Nordsjælland Håndbold as well as HC Fyn in the First Division.

During his youth career, Pedersen played numerous matches for the Danish national youth teams.

GOG Håndbold
GOG is a professional handball club based in the small town of Gudme on Funen, Denmark. The club is one of the most successful in the history of Danish handball having won the Danish Handball Championship 9 times and the Danish Handball Cup a record 13 times. Currently GOG competes in the men's Danish Handball League.
GOG is famous for their academy, which is one of the best in the world. The academy won the first edition of the 2025 EHF Youth Club Trophy.
Grapefruit seed extract
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE), also known as citrus seed extract, is a liquid extract derived from the seeds, pulp, and white membranes of grapefruit. GSE is prepared by grinding the grapefruit seed and juiceless pulp, then mixing with glycerin. Commercially available GSEs sold to consumers are made from the seed, pulp, and glycerin blended together. GSE is sold as a dietary supplement and is used in cosmetics.

Glycerol
Glycerol (/ˈɡlɪsərɒl/) is a sugar alcohol with chemical formula C3H5(OH)3. It has three carbon atoms and as many hydroxyl groups. It is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid at Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP). Because of its three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature.

The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides, where one or more of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with fatty acids. The most abundant of glycerides are triglycerides (found in animal fats and vegetable oils), the form in which glycerol is most commonly found in nature. It is also widely used as a sweetener in the food industry and as a humectant in pharmaceutical formulations.

Modern use of the word glycerine (alternatively spelled glycerin) refers to commercial preparations of less than 100% purity, typically 95% glycerol.
Cherry Run (South Branch Bowman Creek tributary)
Cherry Run is a tributary of South Branch Bowman Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 2.1 miles (3.4 km) long and flows through Fairmount Township and Ross Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 1.65 square miles (4.3 km2). The surficial geology in its vicinity consists of alluvial fan, alluvium, bedrock, Wisconsinan Till, wetlands, and a peat bog. The stream has cascades and contains wild trout.

Fairmount Township, Pennsylvania
Fairmount Township is a township in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,207 at the 2020 census. Fairmount Township is home to Ricketts Glen State Park. The park receives tens of thousands of visitors each year.
Canoeing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's C-1 1000 metres
The men's C-1 1000 metres sprint canoeing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place on 7 and 9 August 2024 at the National Olympic Nautical Stadium of Île-de-France in Vaires-sur-Marne.

Martin Fuksa won the competition. The defending 2020 Olympic champion Isaquias Queiroz won the silver medal, and Serghei Tarnovschi took the bronze medal.

Isaquias Queiroz
Isaquias Queiroz dos Santos (born 3 January 1994), also known as Isaquias Guimarães Queiroz, is a Brazilian sprint canoeist who has competed since 2005. He is the first Brazilian athlete to ever win three medals in a single edition of the Olympic Games, and the second most decorated Brazilian athlete with five medals overall, including a gold medal.
Brandon Saldaña
Brandon Joseph Saldaña (born May 20, 1991) is a footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. Born in the continental United States, he has represented the Puerto Rican national team. Saldaña has earned three international caps with the Puerto Rican squad. In addition, Saldaña has served as the backup goalkeeper on the Amherst College men’s soccer team in Amherst, Massachusetts.

Puerto Rico national football team
The Puerto Rico national football team (Spanish: Selección de fútbol de Puerto Rico) represents Puerto Rico in men's international football, and are governed by the Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol (English: Puerto Rican Football Federation). The team's nickname is El Huracán Azul meaning The Blue Hurricane. They are members of the Caribbean Football Union, and part of CONCACAF. The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup or the CONCACAF Gold Cup.
Mustafa Ferit Arsan
Mustafa Ferit Arsan (1876 – 9 October 1941) was a Turkish politician who represented Gaziantep in the 2nd and 3rd Parliaments of Turkey, and was the leader of the local Association for Defence of National Rights in Aintab, which organized the Turkish militias against the French siege.

Mustafa Ferit was born in Aintab to Mustafa Nuri and Ayşe in 1876. He had two wives, Hatice and Naime, and 6 children, Abdullah, İsmail, Hüseyin Ferit, Hilmi, Beşire, and Ayşe. He went to the local middle school of Aintab and then studied in the French school, where he mastered French and Armenian. After his education, he was particularly involved in trade in Erzurum. During the Franco-Turkish War, he rebelled against the French forces in Aintab and was ultimately captured and held for 9 months, until the French retreat. He died in Ankara on 9 October 1941.

Siege of Aintab
The siege of Aintab (French: Les Quatres Sièges d'Aïntab; Ottoman Turkish: عین تاب قوشاتماسى; Turkish: Antep Kuşatması) was a military engagement between the Turkish National Forces and the French Army of the Levant occupying the city of Aintab (present-day Gaziantep) during the Turkish War of Independence (specifically its southern front, known as the Franco-Turkish War).

Fighting began in April 1920, when French forces opened fire on the city. It ended with the Kemalist defeat and the city's surrender to the French military forces on 9 February 1921. However, despite a victory, the French ultimately decided to retreat from the city leaving it to Kemalist forces on 20 October 1921 in accordance with the Treaty of Ankara.
Slab Creek Dam
Slab Creek Dam is a dam in the American River watershed of the central Sierra Nevada, within El Dorado County, California.

The dam and reservoir impound the upper South Fork American River for hydroelectric power, and are named for Slab Creek, a nearby tributary.

El Dorado County, California
El Dorado County (/ˌɛl dəˈrɑːdoʊ/ ⓘ; El Dorado, Spanish for "The Golden one"), officially the County of El Dorado, is a county located in the U.S. state of California, named after the mythical city of El Dorado.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 191,185. The county seat is Placerville. The county is part of the Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located entirely in the Sierra Nevada, from the historic Gold Country in the western foothills to the High Sierra in the east. El Dorado County's population has grown as Greater Sacramento has expanded into the region. Where the county line crosses US 50 at Clarksville, the distance to Sacramento is 15 miles (24 km). In the county's high altitude eastern end at Lake Tahoe, environmental awareness and environmental protection initiatives have grown along with the population since the 1960 Winter Olympics, hosted at the former Squaw Valley Ski Resort in neighboring Placer County.
Canton of Melle
The canton of Melle is an administrative division of the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Melle.

It consists of the following communes:

Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres (French pronunciation: [dø sɛvʁ] ⓘ, Poitevin-Saintongese: Deùs Saevres) is a French department. Deux-Sèvres literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019.
Website content writer
A Website content writer or web content writer is a person who specializes in providing content for websites. Every website has a specific target audience and requires the most relevant content to attract business. Content should contain keywords (specific business-related terms,  which internet users might use in order to search for services or products) aimed towards improving a website's SEO. A website content writer who also has knowledge of the SEO process is referred to as an SEO Content Writer.

Most story pieces are centered on marketing products or services, though this is not always the case. Some websites are informational only and do not sell a product or service. These websites are often news sites or blogs. Informational sites educate the reader with complex information that is easy to understand and retain.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Luke Morgan
Luke Morgan is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, played by Gary Lucy. He was introduced by the show's creator Phil Redmond as part of the Morgan family, and made his first appearance on 25 March 1999. The character was involved in a male rape storyline, which was branded "groundbreaking" and met with controversy. Lucy opted to leave the role in 2001 after two years, although he returned for two episodes in August 2002. The character's reintroduction was announced on 21 May 2017 and he returned on 24 July. Lucy took a break from the series in 2018 to appear in a play.  The character made a few brief appearances throughout 2019 before he returned permanently in August. Luke was killed off in 2022, with his final scenes airing on 9 June 2022. He returned briefly in 2023 as a vision to his former fiancée Cindy Cunningham (Stephanie Waring).

The British Soap Awards
The British Soap Awards (BSAs) are an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom which honours the best moments in British soap operas. The ceremony is televised on ITV. The trophies given to the winners are made from metal and glass and have been manufactured by British firm Creative Awards since their inception. The majority of the awards are voted for by a panel of industry professionals, while certain awards including Best British Soap and Best Leading Performer are voted for by the general public.
Carrshield
Carrshield is a village in West Allen parish, Northumberland, England. It lies in the Pennines between Penrith and Hexham.

It is a small village with an old school building in the centre of the village. The school was built in 1851 and is now three houses. Carrshield is surrounded by fell ground and is littered with old disused mines. Remnants of the old stone works where the lead was mined can still be seen next to the river. There are no shops in Carrshield.

Carrshield has numerous farms surrounding it, including a Stud and Rehabilitation Centre for horses. It also has a Methodist Chapel.

The village name is often misspelt on older maps as 'Carr Shield' but is now correct on OS maps.

Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith (/ˈpɛnrɪθ/, /pɛnˈrɪθ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It is less than 3 miles (5 km) outside the Lake District National Park and about 17 miles (27 km) south of Carlisle. It is between the Rivers Petteril and Eamont and just north of the River Lowther. It was historically part of Cumberland.
Bogenbay Batyr
Bogenbay Batyr (Kazakh: Бөгенбай батыр, romanized: Bögenbay batır) was a famous Kazakh warrior from the 18th century. Batyr is an honorific term meaning "brave warrior" in the Kazakh language. He was born near Syr Darya river. His father Aksha was a notable man among Kanzhigali clan. Tauke Khan, who was one of the Kazakh khans of the Kazakh Khanate, entrusted the army of 80,000 men to Aksha. He was also keen in elocution. Bogenbay Batyr inherited these abilities of his father. Starting from his childhood he studied elocution and was well known among the Kazakh Steppe. He resisted the Dzungar invasion of Kazakh territories along with Ablai Khan and played a major role in liberating the Kazakhs from Dzungar rule.

Kazakh Steppe
The Kazakh Steppe (Kazakh: Қазақ даласы, romanized: Qazaq dalasy [qɑˈzɑq dɑɫɑˈsə]), also known as the Great Steppe or Great Dala (Kazakh: Ұлы дала, romanized: Ūly dala [ʊˈɫɤ dɑˈɫɑ]), is a vast region of open grassland in Central Asia, covering areas in northern Kazakhstan and adjacent areas of Russia. It lies east of the Pontic–Caspian steppe and west of the Emin Valley steppe, with which it forms the central and western part of the Eurasian steppe. The Kazakh Steppe is an ecoregion of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome in the Palearctic realm. Before the mid-19th century, it was called the Kirghiz steppe, 'Kirghiz' being an old Russian word for the Kazakhs.
Constitutive rhetoric
Constitutive rhetoric is a theory of discourse devised by James Boyd White about the capacity of language or symbols to create a collective identity for an audience, especially by means of condensation symbols, literature, and narratives. Such discourse often demands that action be taken to reinforce the identity and the beliefs of that identity. White explains that it denotes "the art of constituting character, community and culture in language."

Condensation symbol
A condensation symbol is "a name, word, phrase, or maxim which stirs vivid impressions involving the listener's most basic values and readies the listener for action," as defined by political scientist Doris Graber. Short words or phrases such as "my country," "Old Glory" "American Dream," "family values," are all condensation symbols because they conjure a specific image within the listener and carry "intense emotional and effective power." Often used to further the meaning of a symbol or phrase, the condensation symbol has a semantic meaning, but through long-term use, it has acquired other connotations that further its symbolic meaning.
Jean Paul Honoré Andrianantenaina
Jean Paul Honoré Andrianantenaina is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party; he represents the constituency of Moramanga.

Moramanga
Moramanga is a city (commune urbaine) in Madagascar. It is located in the region Alaotra-Mangoro and the Moramanga District.
It has a population of 57,084 inhabitants (2018).

It is situated between the capital Antananarivo and the east coast on the crossroad of RN 2 and RN 44.
The name of Moranmanga originates from the slave trade. To differ them from other social classes, they were dressed in blue or manga.
As they were among the cheapest (mora) in Africa, it became Moramanga.
Fowlea yunnanensis
Fowlea yunnanensis (common name Yunnan olive keelback) is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in the Lianghe and Longchuan Counties of southwestern Yunnan, China; its range could extend into Myanmar. It occurs at elevations of 800–1,400 m (2,600–4,600 ft) above sea level and is often found in rice fields, ponds and marshes of valleys, basins, and subalpine areas.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Zero (art)
Zero (usually styled as ZERO) was an artist group founded in the late 1950s in Düsseldorf by Heinz Mack and Otto Piene. Piene described it as "a zone of silence and of pure possibilities for a new beginning". In 1961 Günther Uecker joined the initial founders. ZERO became an international movement, with artists from Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Italy.

Lucio Fontana
Lucio Fontana (Italian: [ˈluːtʃo fonˈtaːna]; 19 February 1899 – 7 September 1968) was an Argentine-Italian painter, sculptor, and theorist. He is known as the founder of Spatialism and exponent of abstract painting as the first known artist to slash his canvases – which symbolizes an utter rejection of all prerequisites of art.
Portrait of Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros
Portrait of Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros (Portuguese: Retrato de Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros) is a painting by Domenico Failutti (1872-1923). Failutto, an Italian who worked in Brazil between 1917 and 1922, completed the work in 1920 on the occasion of the centenary of the Independence of Brazil. It depicts Maria Quitéria de Jesus (1792-1853), a combatant and folk hero in the campaign for the Independence of Bahia, a conflict part of the larger Brazilian independence movement.

Quitéria served in the Brazilian War of Independence between 1822 and 1823 dressed as a man. She was subsequently promoted to cadet and Lieutenant, and ultimately decorated with the Imperial order. She, along with Maria Felipa de Oliveira (died 1873) and Sister Joana Angélica (1761-1822) of the Convent of Lapa in Salvador, are known as the three Bahian women resistance fighters in the War of Independence against the Portuguese.

Maria Filipa de Oliveira
Maria Felipa de Oliveira (died July 4, 1873) was an Afro-Brazilian independence fighter. She is believed to be from island of Itaparica, Bahia, and was active during the Brazilian War of Independence. The independence struggle against the Portuguese lasted a little over a year, with many battles centered on Itaparica. Maria Felipa is noted as one of three women who participated in the struggle for Bahia's independence in 1823, the others being the military figure Maria Quitéria (1792–1853) and Sister Joana Angélica (1761–1822).
Quantum Heisenberg model
The quantum Heisenberg model, developed by Werner Heisenberg, is a statistical mechanical model used in the study of critical points and phase transitions of magnetic systems, in which the spins of the magnetic systems are treated quantum mechanically. It is related to the prototypical Ising model, where at each site of a lattice, a spin  represents a microscopic magnetic dipole to which the magnetic moment is either up or down. Except the coupling between magnetic dipole moments, there is also a multipolar version of Heisenberg model called the multipolar exchange interaction.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
2018 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's combined
The women's combined in the 2018 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup involved two events.  Wendy Holdener of Switzerland  won the first and then won the season championship and the crystal globe that accompanied it (which was awarded despite only two races being held).

The season was interrupted by the 2018 Winter Olympics from 12-24 February 2018 at Yongpyong Alpine Centre (slalom and giant slalom) at the Alpensia Sports Park in PyeongChang and the Jeongseon Alpine Centre (speed events) in Jeongseon, South Korea.  The women's combined was held on 22 February.

At this time, combined races were not included in the season finals, which were held in 2018 in Åre, Sweden.

Wendy Holdener
Wendy Holdener (born 12 May 1993) is a Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer who specialises in slalom and combined. She is a two-time World champion in combined and a five-time Olympic medalist, four individual with one gold medal in the team event at Pyeongchang in 2018. Four years later in 2022, she won a silver medal in the combined.