hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raffles (cigarette)
Raffles (also known as Players in the United States; now Virginia S by Raffles) was a British brand of cigarettes which was owned and manufactured by Philip Morris USA in the U.S. and by Philip Morris International outside of the U.S.

Philip Morris USA
Philip Morris USA is an American tobacco company. They are a division of the American tobacco corporation Altria Group. It has been the leading cigarette manufacturer in the U.S. since the late 20th century. Its major brands include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Merit, and Parliament.

The company was incorporated in New York City in 1902 as Philip Morris & Co. Ltd.  In 1919 George J. Whelan, along with fellow shareholders Reuben M. Ellis and Leonard B. McKitterick, acquired the American division of the company and created Philip Morris & Co. Ltd., Inc. In the 1950s it introduced innovations such as the flip-top box and filters for cigarettes. In 1972, it became the leading cigarette manufacturer in the United States in terms of sales, a position it continued to hold. In March 2008, Philip Morris International was split from Philip Morris USA.
BYU–Gonzaga men's basketball rivalry
The BYU–Gonzaga men's basketball rivalry is a college basketball rivalry between the Gonzaga Bulldogs team of Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington and the BYU Cougars team of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. BYU has played Gonzaga in the West Coast Conference tournament final in 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2021 with Gonzaga winning all four of these matchups. Gonzaga leads the overall series 25–7, with the most recent meeting on February 11, 2023. On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference, joining for the 2023–24 season and leaving the future of the series in doubt.

Gonzaga University
Gonzaga University (GU) (/ɡənˈzæɡə/ ghən-ZAG-ə) is a private Jesuit university in Spokane, Washington, United States. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. Founded in 1887 by Joseph Cataldo, a Sicilian-born priest and Jesuit missionary, the university is named after the young Jesuit saint Aloysius Gonzaga. The campus houses 105 buildings on 152 acres (62 ha) of grassland alongside the Spokane River, in a residential setting a half-mile (800 m) from downtown Spokane.

The university grants bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its college and six schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration, School of Education, School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Law, School of Nursing and Human Physiology, and the School of Leadership Studies.
US Sassuolo Calcio
Unione Sportiva Sassuolo Calcio, commonly known as Sassuolo (Italian pronunciation: [sasˈswɔːlo]), is a professional football club based in Sassuolo, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The team's colours are black and green, which have earned them the nickname Neroverdi ("black and greens"). Sassuolo competes in Serie A, the highest division in the Italian football league system.

The club made its debut in Serie A during the 2013–14 season, becoming one of the few teams to compete in the top division without representing a provincial capital. Sassuolo remained in Serie A until the 2023–24 season, when they were relegated to Serie B. They returned to the top flight after one season.

Provinces of Italy
The provinces of Italy (Italian: province d'Italia) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level".

There are currently 110 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 82 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 15 metropolitan cities, as well as the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.
Vila Viçosa
Vila Viçosa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvilɐ viˈsɔzɐ] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality in the District of Évora, Alentejo in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 8,319, in an area of 194.86 km².

The municipal holiday is August 16.

Alentejo
Alentejo (/ˌælənˈteɪʒoʊ/ AL-ən-TAY-zhoh, UK also /-ʒuː/ -⁠zhoo, Portuguese: [ɐlẽˈtɛʒu] ⓘ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond the Tagus" (além do Tejo).

Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alentejo. It corresponds to the districts of Beja, Évora, Portalegre, and Alentejo Litoral. Its main cities are Évora, Beja, Sines, Serpa, Estremoz, Elvas, and Portalegre.

It has borders with Beira Baixa in the north, with Spain (Andalucia and Extremadura) in the east, Algarve in the south, and the Atlantic Ocean, Ribatejo, and Estremadura in the west.

Alentejo is a region known for its traditional polyphonic singing groups, similar to those found in Tuscany, Corsica, and elsewhere.
Paul Gauthier (boccia)
Paul Gauthier (born 25 November, 1970) is a Canadian retired boccia player who competed in international elite competitions. He was the first Canadian Paralympic champion in boccia when he won the individual BC3 and won two bronze medals with Alison Kabush in the mixed pairs.

Boccia
Boccia (/ˈbɒtʃə/ BOTCH-ə) is a precision ball sport, similar to bocce, and related to bowls and pétanque. The name "boccia" is derived from the Latin word for "boss" – bottia. The sport is contested at local, national and international levels by athletes with severe physical disabilities.  It was originally designed to be played by people with cerebral palsy but now includes athletes with other severe disabilities affecting motor skills.  In 1984, it became a Paralympic sport and as of 2020, 75 boccia national organizations have joined one or more of the international organizations. Boccia is governed by the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed) and is one of two Paralympic sports (along with goalball) that have no counterpart in the Olympic program, although it is a Paralympic variant of bocce (boules).
2021 Sioux Chief PowerPEX 200
The 2021 Sioux Chief PowerPEX 200 presented by Scott County Tourism was the 19th stock car race of the 2021 ARCA Menards Series, the tenth and final race of the 2021 Sioux Chief Showdown, and the 25th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, October 2, 2021 in Salem, Indiana at Salem Speedway, a 0.555 miles (0.893 km) permanent paved oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. On the final restart on lap 156, Jesse Love of Venturini Motorsports would take the lead and lead every lap afterwards to win his first career ARCA Menards Series win and his only win of the season. Meanwhile, Ty Gibbs of Joe Gibbs Racing, who would finish second, would win the 2021 Sioux Chief Showdown championship, winning the championship by 22 points. To fill out the podium, Rajah Caruth of Rev Racing would finish third.

Rajah Caruth
Rajah Kirby Caruth (born June 11, 2002) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 88 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports and the No. 32 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Jordan Anderson Racing.
Charles M. Stein
Charles Max Stein (March 22, 1920 – November 24, 2016) was an American mathematical statistician and professor of statistics at Stanford University.

He received his Ph.D. in 1947 at Columbia University with advisor Abraham Wald. He held faculty positions at Berkeley and the University of Chicago before moving permanently to Stanford in 1953. He is known for Stein's paradox in decision theory, which shows that ordinary least squares estimates can be uniformly improved when many parameters are estimated; for Stein's lemma, giving a formula for the covariance of one random variable with the value of a function of another when the two random variables are jointly normally distributed; and for Stein's method, a way of proving theorems  such as the Central Limit Theorem that does not require the variables to be independent and identically distributed. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He died in November 2016 at the age of 96.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Lipan language
Lipan (Lipan Apache: ndé miizaa) is an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Lipan Apache in the states of Coahuila and Chihuahua in northern Mexico, some reservations of New Mexico and parts of southern Texas. Lipan belongs to the Na-Dene languages family and it is closely related to the Jicarilla language, which is also part of the Eastern Southern Athabaskan languages.

Na-Dene languages
Na-Dene (/ˌnɑːdɪˈneɪ/ NAH-dih-NAY; also Nadene, Na-Dené, Athabaskan–Eyak–Tlingit, Tlina–Dene) is a family of Native American languages that includes at least the Athabaskan languages, Eyak, and Tlingit languages. Haida was formerly included but is now generally considered a language isolate. By far the most widely spoken Na-Dene language today is Navajo, also the most spoken indigenous language north of Mexico.

Some linguists have proposed that the Na-Dene family is related to the Yeniseian languages of central Siberia, creating a Dene–Yeniseian family. However, this proposal has not been accepted by some linguists.
Al-Ofouq-class patrol vessel
The Al-Ofouq class are four patrol vessels of Royal Navy of Oman as replacements for the Province-class fast attack craft patrol vessels.

Following a competitive international tender in April 2012, ST Marine of Singapore won the USD703 million contract from the Omani Defence Ministry, beating off Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding and India's Goa Shipyard. The Al-Ofouq class is based on the 75 m (246 ft) variant of the 55 m (180 ft) Fearless-class patrol vessel currently used by the Republic of Singapore Navy.

Damen Group
The Damen Group is a Dutch defence, shipbuilding, and engineering conglomerate company based in Gorinchem, Netherlands.
Though it is a major international group doing business in 120 countries, it remains a private family-owned company.

Damen Shipyards Group is a globally operating company with more than 50 shipyards, repair yards, and related companies − as well as numerous partner yards that can build Damen vessels locally.  Since 1969 it has designed and built more than 5,000 vessels and delivers over 150 vessels annually. With over 30 shipyards and related companies worldwide, Damen is involved in ship construction as well as maintenance and repair activities.  It has a wide product range, including warships, patrol craft, tugs, workboats,  cargo vessels, dredgers, superyachts and fast ferries. Product design and engineering are carried out in-house and a broad range of designs are available.
Cieszyno, Świdwin County
Cieszyno [t͡ɕɛˈʂɨnɔ] (German: Teschenbusch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Świdwin and 87 km (54 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Świdwin County
Świdwin County (Polish: powiat świdwiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świdwin, which lies 89 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Połczyn-Zdrój, lying 23 km (14 mi) east of Świdwin.

The county covers an area of 1,093.06 square kilometres (422.0 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 49,181.
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in West Azerbaijan province
On 3 August 1979, Constitutional Convention election was held in West Azerbaijan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide three seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.

Each of the seats in the constituency went to a party. The Khomeinist candidate supported by the Islamic Republican Party was placed first, while the candidate endorsed by the Muslim People's Republic Party of Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari became second. The two Kurdish candidates who belonged to the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan ended up in the third and fourth places, and the party was able to secure a seat. The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas' nominee received no more than 11% of the votes and was defeated.

Muslim People's Republic Party
The Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) or Islamic People's Republican Party (IPRP; Persian: حزب جمهوری خلق مسلمان ایران, romanized: Ḥezb-e jomhuri-e ḵalq-e mosalmān-e Irān) was a short-lived party associated with Shia Islamic cleric Shariatmadari. It was founded in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution as a "moderate, more liberal counterweight" to the theocratic, Islamist Islamic Republican Party (IRP) of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and disbanded in 1980.
2012 Qatar Total Open – Doubles
Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.
Liezel Huber and Lisa Raymond defeated Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears 6–3, 6–1 in the final.

Abigail Spears
Abigail Michal Spears (born July 12, 1981) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. Spears won 21 double titles including the 2017 Australian Open.

Spears started playing tennis in 1988 when she was 7 years old, and turned professional in 2000. Spears and compatriot, Raquel Kops-Jones, were one of the most successful doubles team of the 2012 season, winning four tour titles and reaching the quarterfinals of Wimbledon. In 2017, Spears partnered with Juan Sebastián Cabal at the Australian Open to win the mixed-doubles tournament. After being suspended for much of the 2020 and 2021 seasons, Spears retired in September 2021.
Stefano Sensi
Stefano Sensi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsteːfano ˈsɛnsi]; born 5 August 1995) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cypriot First Division club Anorthosis Famagusta.

Sensi began his career with Italian side Cesena in 2013, and was subsequently loaned out to San Marino for two seasons before returning to the club. He joined Sassuolo in January 2016, and was promptly loaned out to Cesena for the remainder of the season. He became a Sassuolo player in summer 2016. Sensi was loaned out to Inter Milan in summer 2019, and joined them on a permanent basis in the following year. Inter loaned him out to Sampdoria and Monza in 2022, with the latter team signing him on a permanent transfer in 2024.

Anorthosis Famagusta FC
Anorthosis Famagusta (Greek: Ανόρθωση Αμμοχώστου, romanized: Anorthosi Ammochostou) is a Cypriot football club, part of the Famagusta multi-sport club founded in 1911 in Varosha, Famagusta.

Anorthosis was one of the founding clubs of the Cyprus Football Association in 1934. After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, they were forced to relocate to Larnaca where they now play their home matches at the Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium. The club's original stadium, GSE, has been abandoned since 1974 and is in poor condition.

One of the most successful clubs in Cypriot football, Anorthosis have won 13 National Championships, 11 cups and 6 Super Cups. Anorthosis is one of three Cypriot clubs never to have been relegated to the second division, was the first Cypriot club to participate in the Champions League group stage, and the second Cypriot club to qualify for the Europa Conference League group stage.
Swiss National Science Foundation
The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, German: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; French: Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique, FNS; Italian: Fondo nazionale svizzero per la ricerca scientifica) or Swiss National Fund is a science research support organisation mandated by the Swiss Federal Government. The Swiss National Science Foundation was established under private law by physicist and medical doctor Alexander von Muralt in 1952.

Alexander Ludwig von Muralt
Alexander Ludwig von Muralt (19 August 1903 – 28 May 1990) was a Swiss physiologist and researcher who was primarily known for his studies of muscles and nerve signals working at Harvard University and the University of Bern. He received several honorary doctorates and was also a Marcel Benoist Prize recipient.
HD 37811
HD 37811 (HR 1958) is a solitary star in the southern constellation Columba. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.44, allowing it to be faintly seen with the naked eye. Parallax measurements place the object at a distance of 382 light years and it is currently approaching with a heliocentric radial velocity of −8.3 km/s.

HD 37811 has a stellar classification of G6/8 III — intermediate between a G6 and G8 giant star that is currently on the red giant branch. It has 3 times the mass of the Sun but has expanded to 11.7 times its girth at an age of 440 million years. It shines with a luminosity of 86 L☉ from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,139 K, giving a yellow glow. HD 37811 has a solar metallicity and spins leisurely with a projected rotational velocity of about 2.4 km/s.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
2015 Canarian Island Cabildo elections
The 2015 Canarian Island Cabildo elections were held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect the 10th Island Cabildos of El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, La Gomera, La Palma, Lanzarote and Tenerife. All 155 seats in the seven Island Cabildos were up for election.

La Gomera
La Gomera (Spanish: [la ɣoˈmeɾa] ⓘ) is one of Spain's Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. With an area of 370.03 km2 (142.87 sq mi), it is the third-smallest of the archipelago's eight main islands. It belongs to the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. La Gomera is the third least populous of the eight main Canary Islands, with 22,361 inhabitants at the start of 2023. Its capital is San Sebastián de La Gomera, where the cabildo insular (island council) is located.
Kleon Penn
Kleon Penn (born 1 September 1986) is a British Virgin Islander-Puerto Rican professional basketball player for Gigantes de Carolina of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). He is currently the league’s all-time leader in blocks. He played college basketball for H. Lavity Stoutt Community College and McNeese State.

Baloncesto Superior Nacional
The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, abbreviated as BSN, is the first tier-level professional men's basketball league in Puerto Rico. It was founded in 1929 and is organized by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation.

The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 12
teams, of which the most successful has been the Vaqueros de Bayamón with 17 titles as of 2025.

The league has produced players that have distinguished themselves in the NBA, EuroLeague, Spain's ACB, and other tournaments throughout the world. Among them, Georgie Torres was the first Puerto Rican to sign an NBA contract & Butch Lee was the first BSN player to win an NBA title. Later on players including José Ortiz, Ramón Rivas, Daniel Santiago, Carlos Arroyo and J. J. Barea, started their careers playing for BSN teams and later played in the NBA.
Julie and Carol at Lincoln Center
Julie and Carol at Lincoln Center is a 1971 American television special featuring Julie Andrews and Carol Burnett, their second out of three specials after Julie and Carol at Carnegie Hall (1962) and before Julie & Carol: Together Again (1989). Held at the Philharmonic Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City, it was produced by Joe Hamilton, and written by Bob Ellison, Marty Farrell and Mitzi Welch, who reused the template from the first show.

Bob Ellison
Robert James Ellison (February 25, 1933 – April 8, 2024) was an American consultant, screenwriter and television producer. He worked on television programs including Dear John, The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Wings.
Marie Boivin
Marie-Anne Victoire Boivin (French pronunciation: [maʁi bwavɛ̃]; née Gillain; 9 April 1773 – 16 May 1841) was a French midwife, inventor, and obstetrics writer. Madame Boivin has been called one of the most important women in medicine in the 19th century. Boivin invented a new pelvimeter and a vaginal speculum, and the medical textbooks that she wrote were translated to different languages and became highly influential.

Pelvimetry
Pelvimetry is the measurement of the female pelvis. It can theoretically identify cephalo-pelvic disproportion, which is when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. However, clinical evidence indicate that all pregnant women should be allowed a trial of labor regardless of pelvimetry results.
Blepharizonia plumosa
Blepharizonia plumosa is a California species of tarweed known by the common name big tarweed. It is endemic to central California, where it grows in the Central Coast Ranges and adjacent sections of the southern San Francisco Bay Area and Central Valley, from southern Sonoma County south as far as San Luis Obispo County.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.