hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur R. M. Lower
Arthur Reginald Marsden Lower CC FRSC (12 August 1889 – 7 January 1988) was a Canadian historian and "liberal nationalist" interested in Canadian economic history, particularly the forest trade, and in Canada–US relations.  He was the most nationalistic of Canadian historians, and highly distrustful of immigrants, Americans and any others outside of what he considered to be the Canadian family. The staple theory of Harold Innis influenced his research, much of which focused on the Canadian lumber industry. He was also strongly influenced by the ideas of American historian Frederick Jackson Turner regarding the influence of the frontier – The West – on distinctly American characteristics. Lower was an outdoorsman who not only loved nature, but emphasized the role of The North in shaping Canada.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Emilio Molinari
Emilio Molinari (12 November 1939 – 5 July 2025) was an Italian politician. From 1984 to 1985, he served as a Member of the European Parliament, representing Italy for Proletarian Democracy. From 1992 to 1994, he served as a Senator, representing Lombardy for the Federation of the Greens.

Molinari died on 5 July 2025, at the age of 85.

1984 European Parliament election in Italy
The 1984 European Parliament election in Italy was held on 17 June 1984. The election took place just six days after the death of Italian Communist Party (PCI) leader Enrico Berlinguer. This fact greatly influenced the vote, which represented the first and only time in Italian history that the PCI placed first in a national election, overcoming the dominance of Christian Democracy (DC) and producing a historic result.
Grand Cru (cipher)
In cryptography, Grand Cru is a block cipher invented in 2000 by Johan Borst. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected.

Grand Cru is a 10-round substitution–permutation network based largely on Rijndael (or AES). It replaces a number of Rijndael's unkeyed operations with key-dependent ones, in a way consistent with the security purposes of each operation. The intent is to produce a cipher at least as secure as Rijndael, and perhaps much more secure. The block size and key size are both 128 bits, and the key schedule is the same as Rijndael's.

Grand Cru is designed on the principle of multiple layered security. It is equivalent to a chain of 4 subciphers with independent keys, such that if 3 of the keys are known, the remaining cipher should still be secure.

AES key schedule
The Advanced Encryption Standard uses a key schedule to expand a short key into a number of separate round keys.  The three AES variants have a different number of rounds. Each variant requires a separate 128-bit round key for each round plus one more. The key schedule produces the needed round keys from the initial key.
José Díez de la Cortina y Olaeta
José Díez de la Cortina y Olaeta, 2nd Count of la Cortina de la Mancha (1856–1937) was a Spanish politician and military. He is best known as leader of Andalusian Carlism and as member of the national party executive in the early 20th century. Having fought on the insurgent side during the Third Carlist War and as militia volunteer during the Philippine Revolution, in the Carlist army he rose to general de división; the Madrid government recognized him as comandante.

Divisional general
Divisional general (alternatively general of division) is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries.  The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps general.

The rank is mostly used in countries where it is used as a modern alternative to a previous older rank of major-general or lieutenant-general.
Fichtelberg Cable Car
The Fichtelberg Cable Car (German: Fichtelberg Schwebebahn) is a German cable car in the Ore Mountains in Saxony that runs from the town of Oberwiesenthal to the Fichtelberg mountaintop. It is the oldest cable car in Germany, leading from the valley station at an altitude of 905 metres above sea level to the top station at 1,208 metres above sea level, having a length of 1,175 metres and a maximum upward gradient of 50 per cent. The Fichtelberg Cable Car is equipped with two carrying and two hauling cables.

Operations began in December 1924. The Fichtelberg Cable Car temporarily ceased operation in 1948 due to lack of maintenance during World War II. After a major overhaul, it reopened in 1956. Another major renovation took place in 1984, when one of the support towers was removed and the others were relocated.

Valley station
The valley station is the lower terminal of an aerial lift, cable car, gondola lift, chairlift, rack railway or ski lift. The valley station is the counterpart of a top station. Cable cars may be boarded at both stations. The valley station is always at a lower elevation than the top station.

Valley stations on a cable car may be ordinary buildings with a docking bay or open steel structures. They are oriented in the direction of the cables. Gondola lifts, by contrast always have horizontally-oriented valley stations.
Iria Grandal
Iria Grandal (born 13 August 1990 in A Coruña, Spain) is a Spanish archer who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Grandal took up archery aged seven and at age fourteen finished third in Spain's junior archery championship. In 2012 she won qualification to that year's Olympic Games, an outcome that by her own admission was a surprise.

Grandal entered as only one of two Spaniards competing in the Olympic archery competitions in London. She finished the preliminary 72-arrow ranking round of the women's individual event with 618 points from a maximum of 720, earning the 53rd seed for the subsequent elimination rounds. Grandal defeated the twelfth seed Ana Rendón of Colombia in the first round and narrowly lost in the second round to South Korea's Choi Hyeon-ju, taking the women's team gold medalist to a tie-breaking one-arrow shoot-off.

Grandal is the daughter of two archers and as of 2012 was a student of journalism.

A Coruña
A Coruña (Galician pronunciation: [ɐ koˈɾuɲɐ] ⓘ; in Spanish: La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; also informally called just Coruña; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality in Galicia, Spain. With a population of 249,255, it is the 2nd-largest city in Galicia behind Vigo. The city is the provincial capital of the province of A Coruña, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982.

A Coruña is located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia, and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña. A Coruña is the city with the tallest mean-height of buildings in Spain, also featuring a population density of 21,972 inhabitants per square kilometre (56,910/sq mi) of built land area.
Do Anything You Wanna Do
"Do Anything You Wanna Do" is a song written by Eddie and the Hot Rods' manager Ed Hollis (the brother of Talk Talk's Mark Hollis) and guitarist Graeme Douglas and recorded by the band, although the actual record label simply credited Rods as the artist.  It reached No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart in 1977.  The song was produced by Ed Hollis and arranged by the band. It was featured on their 1977 album, Life on the Line.

The song was voted the 9th best single of the year in the end of year critics poll in the NME.

The band performed the song on the Marc television programme presented by Marc Bolan, in 1977.

A live version was featured as the B-side to their 1978 single, "Life on the Line".

Manfred Mann's Earth Band recorded their version of the song for the album Criminal Tango in 1986.

The tune was featured in the 2009 film The Invention of Lying.

Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Manfred Mann's Earth Band are  an English rock band formed by South African musician Manfred Mann. Their hits include covers of Bruce Springsteen's "For You", "Blinded by the Light" and "Spirit in the Night". After forming in 1971 and with a short hiatus in the late 1980s/early 1990s, the Earth Band continues to perform and tour, as of 2024.
Pa. Vijay
B. Vijay is an Indian lyricist, poet, writer, director, producer and actor  who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics in India for his song Ovvoru Pookalume in Cheran's Autograph (2004).

Autograph (2004 film)
Autograph is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written, produced and directed by Cheran. The film's soundtrack is composed by Bharadwaj. Cheran also plays the lead role in his film for the first time, and other cast members include Gopika, Sneha, Mallika and Kaniha.

This is both Gopika's and Mallika's debut film in Tamil cinema. The film was released in India on 19 February 2004, and was screened at the Lyon Asian Film Festival in France and at the Montreal World Film Festival in Canada. Upon release, the film met with critical acclaim and commercial success. It was remade in Telugu as Naa Autograph, Kannada as My Autograph, and in Bengali as Amar Aponjon.
Joan McLean
Joan Louisa McLean (October 1919 – 17 January 2018) volunteered and served in the Women's Royal Naval Service (Wrens), and played a pivotal role in codebreaking during World War II. In 1945, as Leading Wren 45270, based in Scarborough, North Yorkshire at HMS Paragon, she provided morse code from German submarines to Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Daybreak presenters and reporters
This article shows the on air team members for the ITV Breakfast programme Daybreak which began broadcasting in the United Kingdom on 6 September 2010.

On 9 July 2010 it was announced ITV would rebrand GMTV as Daybreak. On 31 August 2010 the new presenting line-up was announced. On 5 December 2011 original presenters Christine Bleakley and Adrian Chiles were "axed" from the programme. On 11 June 2012, it was announced the programme would undergo a new look and presenting team.

On 3 March 2014 it was announced that Sean Fletcher, Charlotte Hawkins, Susanna Reid and Ben Shephard would become presenters on the new ITV Breakfast programme Good Morning Britain.

Note: In addition to the dedicated Daybreak reporters and correspondents listed below, ITV News and regional ITV journalists appeared for supporting or relief purposes

Presenters history

Susanna Reid
Susanna Victoria Reid (born 10 December 1970) is an English television presenter and journalist. She was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2001 until 2014 alongside Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt. She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC One from 2010 to 2011. In 2013, she finished as a runner-up on the 11th series of Strictly Come Dancing alongside dance-partner Kevin Clifton. Since 2014, Reid has been the lead presenter of the ITV Breakfast programme Good Morning Britain alongside Kate Garraway, Richard Madeley, Ed Balls and formerly Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard.
Hailin Wang
Hailin Wang (born about 1963) is a physicist on the faculty of the University of Oregon who researches experimental condensed matter physics. He studies optical interactions in artificially engineered semiconductor nanostructures. His interests also include "quantum optics with spins, excitons, and nanomechanical oscillators, quantum information processing."

Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.
Mathiang Muo
Mathiang Mauot Muo (born 4 March 1987) is an Australian-South Sudanese professional basketball player for the Perth Redbacks of the NBL1 West. He played four seasons of college basketball in the United States between 2009 and 2013 before joining the Perth Wildcats of the National Basketball League (NBL). He was a member of the Wildcats' 2014 championship-winning team but managed just 15 games over two seasons due to injury. Since parting ways with the Wildcats, Muo has had a successful state league career, playing in the SBL, SEABL, NBL1 and Queensland State League (QSL). He won an SBL championship with the East Perth Eagles in 2014 and a SEABL championship with the Hobart Chargers in 2018.

Geraldton Buccaneers
The Geraldton Buccaneers, also known as the Buccs, are an Australian basketball team based in Geraldton, Western Australia. The Buccaneers compete in the Men's NBL1 West and play their home games at Activewest Stadium. The team is affiliated with Geraldton Amateur Basketball Association (GABA), the major administrative basketball organisation in the region.
Linearized gravity
In the theory of general relativity, linearized gravity is the application of perturbation theory to the metric tensor that describes the geometry of spacetime. As a consequence, linearized gravity is an effective method for modeling the effects of gravity when the gravitational field is weak. The usage of linearized gravity is integral to the study of gravitational waves and weak-field gravitational lensing.

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Downtown Aquarium (Denver)
Downtown Aquarium (formerly Colorado's Ocean Journey) is a for profit aquarium and restaurant located in Denver, Colorado, at the intersection of I-25 and 23rd Ave. The 107,000 square feet (9,900 m2) main building sits on a 17-acre (6.9 ha) site adjacent to the South Platte River. Its freshwater and marine aquaria total approximately 1,000,000 US gallons (3,785,000 L), and exhibit a variety of fish and other animals.

The Downtown Aquarium in Denver is owned and operated by Landry's Restaurants, Inc. It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).

South Platte River
The South Platte River (Sioux: Wašíŋ-Wakpá [waˈʃĩ wakˈpa] lit. “bison tallow river”) is one of the two principal tributaries of the Platte River. Flowing through the U.S. states of Colorado and Nebraska, it is itself a major river of the American Midwest and the American Southwest/Mountain West. Its drainage basin includes much of the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, much of the populated region known as the Colorado Front Range and Eastern Plains, and a portion of southeastern Wyoming in the vicinity of the city of Cheyenne.  It joins the North Platte River in western Nebraska to form the Platte, which then flows across Nebraska to the Missouri.  The river serves as the principal source of water for eastern Colorado. In its valley along the foothills in Colorado, it has permitted agriculture in an area of the Colorado Piedmont and Great Plains that is otherwise arid.
VEB
VEB may stand for:

Venturing and Emerging Brands, a division of Coca-Cola

Virtual business

Venezuelan bolívar, currency of Venezuela between 1879 and 2007, ISO 4217 code VEB

Volkseigener Betrieb (German for "People-owned enterprise"), a state-owned workplace or establishment in the Cold-War-era East Germany

VEB.RF, a state-owned Russian financial institution formerly known as Vnesheconombank

Volvo Engine Brake (VEB), A modern brake technology has been used in FH-series

Van Emde Boas tree (vEB), A dictionary data-structure.

VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, a subsidiary (based in Jena, Germany) of international publishing conglomerate Elsevier

Volvo FH
The Volvo FH is a heavy truck range manufactured by the Swedish company Volvo Trucks. It was originally introduced in late 1993 as the FH12 and FH16. FH stands for Forward control High entry, where numbers denominate engine capacity in litres. The FH range is one of the most successful truck series ever having sold more than 400,000 units worldwide.

In September 2012, Volvo Trucks re-launched the Volvo FH with significant technology upgrades.
2012–13 Euro Hockey League
The 2012–13 Euro Hockey League was the sixth season of the Euro Hockey League, Europe's premier club field hockey tournament organized by the EHF. It was held at four different locations from October 2012 to May 2013.

The final was played between Bloemendaal and Dragons at Sportpark 't Kopje, in Bloemendaal, Netherlands. The hosts Bloemendaal defeated Dragons 2–0 to win their second title. UHC Hamburg were the defending champions but they did not qualify for this season's edition. Amsterdam took the bronze medal.

Amsterdamsche Hockey & Bandy Club
Amsterdamsche Hockey & Bandy Club (founded 28 January 1892) is the oldest professional field hockey club of the Netherlands, based in Amstelveen. AH&BC is also the largest field hockey club in the city.

The team is a powerhouse of both domestic and international hockey. Both its men's and women's teams are annual contenders for the Dutch national titles. The men's team won its maiden European Cup in 2005.

Originally, the club also played bandy, as is still reflected in the club's name.
Cleaners (2019 film)
Cleaners is a 2019 Philippine experimental adult animated coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Glenn Barit in his directorial debut. The film follows a group of high school students assigned as end-of-day classroom cleaners and their experiences surrounding various school activities during the 2007-2008 Philippine academic year in Tuguegarao, Cagayan.

Cleaners premiered on 15 October 2019 at the QCinema International Film Festival, which was a part of the Asian Next Wave Competition, and received a limited theatrical release in Singapore on 10 April 2021 through the Asian Film Archive. Since its release, Cleaners has developed a cult following.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Laura Weihenmaier
Laura Emonts, née Weihenmaier (born 4 April 1991) is a German volleyball player. She is a member of the Germany women's national volleyball team. She was part of the German national team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.

2014 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Women's World Championship was the seventeenth edition of the competition, contested by the 24 senior women's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The final tournament was held from 23 September to 12 October 2014 in Italy.

The United States won their first world title, defeating China in four sets at the final. Reigning Olympic champions Brazil won the 3rd place match, defeating Italy in five sets. Kimberly Hill was selected Most Valuable Player.
2023 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The 2023 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament was the 65th edition of the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament, a postseason tournament that determined the national champion of 2023 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The College Cup was played on December 8 and December 11 at Lynn Family Stadium in Louisville, Kentucky and televised on ESPNU.

Syracuse is the defending national champion.  Syracuse was unable to defend their title as they lost to New Hampshire in the Second Round. Clemson went on to defeat Notre Dame in the final by a score of 2–1. This was Clemson's second title in three years, and it was the third straight year that a team from the ACC won the title.

Lynn Family Stadium
Lynn Family Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium in the Butchertown neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It has been home to Louisville City FC of the USL Championship (USLC) since its opening in 2020, along with the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) side Racing Louisville FC since 2021. Starting in 2026, it will also host the Louisville Kings in the United Football League  (UFL). With a capacity of 11,700, the design of the stadium allows expansion up to 15,304 spectators. Breaking ground in 2018, naming-rights were acquired by local business leader Mark Lynn shortly after.
Mannington Drillers
The Mannington Drillers were a minor league baseball team that represented Mannington, West Virginia in the Class D West Virginia League. The team placed second in the league standings but existed for only the 1910 season and was Mannington's only professional baseball team to date. The team is also listed as just Mannington in several sources.

Mannington, West Virginia
Mannington is a city in Marion County, West Virginia, United States, located in the hills of North Central West Virginia. The population was 1,961 at the 2020 census. In its earliest years it was called Forks of Buffalo or Koon Town, but has been called Mannington since 1856.