hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butterfield House (New York City)
Butterfield House is a cooperative apartment building on West 12th Street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was designed by the architects and urban planners William J. Conklin and James Rossant, then of Mayer, Whittlesey & Glass. It is situated between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue within the  Greenwich Village Historic District. The building was described in The New York Times as "a modernist landmark" that "received numerous accolades when it was built in 1962".

Mimi Sheraton referred to it as "one of the Village’s most coveted residences."  Architectural critic Paul Goldberger included Butterfield House on his list of the “10 Top Postwar Apartment Buildings” in New York City.

The building shares the block of West 12th Street with historic townhouses and when the street received its landmark designation in 1969 it was described as "one of the most distinguished examples of street architecture of the mid-nineteenth century."

Paul Goldberger
Paul Goldberger (born December 4, 1950) is an American author, architecture critic and lecturer, widely known as contributing editor at Vanity Fair, architectural critic for The New York Times, and columnist of "Sky Line" for The New Yorker.

In 1984, while at The New York Times, Goldberger received the Pulitzer Prize for Distinguished Criticism, the highest award in journalism.
Padma Village
Padma (Maithili: पद्मा) is a historical village in the Mithila region of Indian subcontinent. It is situated in the Ladania block of the Madhubani district in the state of Bihar in India. According to historical documents, the village was founded by King Padmasimha of the Oiniwar Dynasty in Mithila. King Padmasimha established his capital of the kingdom at the village of Padma. The village is close to the Indo-Nepal international border. Presently the village is connected by the National Highway 227 with other parts of the country.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
Qubaybat al-Assi
Qubaybat al-Assi (Arabic: قبيبات العاصي) is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qubaybat al-Assi had a population of 1,058 in the 2004 census.

Hama Subdistrict
Hama Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز حماة)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Hama District in Hama. As of July 2023, the sub-district had a population of 750,640, of whom 162,258 (21.62%) were IDPs. Following Fall of the Assad regime the Subdistrict is now controlled by the Syrian transitional government.
Biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase
In enzymology, a biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

biphenyl + NADH + H+ + O2  (1S,2R)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are biphenyl, NADH, H+, and O2, whereas its two products are (1S,2R)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol and NAD+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms o oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is biphenyl,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-hydroxylating). This enzyme is also called biphenyl dioxygenase.  This enzyme participates in biphenyl degradation.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Goya Award for Best Film
The Goya Award for Best Picture (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor película) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. The category was first awarded in 1986 to Fernando Fernán Gómez's drama film Voyage to Nowhere.

Several films that won or were nominated for this category also were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film representing Spain. Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Secrets of the Heart, The Grandfather and Pain and Glory were nominated while Belle Époque, All About My Mother and The Sea Inside won.
Argentine-Spanish productions The Secret in Their Eyes and Wild Tales also received a nomination in the category but representing Argentina, with the former winning. Mexican-Spanish film Pan's Labyrinth was nominated representing Mexico.

In the list below the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees.

Pain and Glory
Pain and Glory (Spanish: Dolor y gloria) is a 2019 Spanish drama film, written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. It stars Antonio Banderas as an aging and ailing film director who reflects on his life. The supporting cast features Asier Etxeandia, Leonardo Sbaraglia, Nora Navas, Julieta Serrano, and Penélope Cruz.

Pain and Glory was released in Spain on 22 March 2019 to positive reviews. It made its international debut at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or and won two awards: Banderas for Best Actor and Alberto Iglesias for Best Soundtrack. At the 92nd Academy Awards, Pain and Glory was nominated for Best International Feature Film, and Banderas was nominated for Best Actor.
Malanshan station
Malanshan station (Chinese: 马栏山站; pinyin: Mǎlánshān Zhàn) is a subway station in Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway operator Changsha Metro. It entered revenue service on 28 June 2020.

Kaifu, Changsha
Kaifu District (Chinese: 开福区; pinyin: Kāifú Qū) is one of six urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. The district is bordered by Furong and Tianxin Districts to the south, Changsha County to the east and northeast, Wangcheng District to the north, Yuelu and Wangcheng Districts across the Xiang river to the west. Located in the central Changsha, Kaifu covers 188.73 km2 (72.87 sq mi) with population of 595,000, registered population of 452,168 (as of 2014). The district has 16 subdistricts under its jurisdiction, the government seat is at Furongbeilu subdistrict.

It has a surface of 72.87 mi2 and a population of 595,000 according to the census in 2014.
Solar eclipse of September 5, 1793
An annular solar eclipse occurred on September 5, 1793. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partially obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometers wide.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Hrvatski glasnik (Tuzla)
Hrvatski glasnik (lit. "Croatian Messenger") is monthly magazine published by HKD Napredak in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The magazine is published in Croatian and is popular among the Croats of northeast Bosnia.

It was founded in December 1992 by franciscan fra Petro Matanović as the first Croatian magazine after the fall of communism. Dnevni list from Mostar is a sister newspaper.

The magazine promotes Croatian culture, folklore, literature, sport and music. It also writes about the news in the Catholic Church of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Chief editor of the magazine is Maja Nikolić, who succeeded after Juraj Novosel, university professor and historian.

Sport in Croatia
Sport in Croatia (Croatian: Sport u Hrvatskoj) has significant role in Croatian culture, and many local sports clubs as well as the Croatian national squads enjoy strong followings in the country. The most enduring sport by far in Croatia is football, and is played on amateur and professional levels amongst all age groups across the entire country. Several other major team sports are handball, basketball and water polo, with clubs in all parts of Croatia. Ice hockey is another popular team sport, namely in the Croatian interior. The most popular individual sports in Croatia are tennis, alpine skiing, and swimming, and to some extent table tennis and chess. Various amateur sport games are popular in Croatia, notably picigin.
Koryaki
Koryaki (Russian: Коряки) is a rural locality in the Yelizovsky District of Kamchatka Krai in Far Eastern Russia. It is located 15 km (9.3 mi) north-west of Yelizovo. In 2010, it had a population of 2,735 people.

Yelizovsky District
Yelizovsky District (Russian: Ели́зовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion) of Kamchatka Krai, Russia, one of the eleven in the krai. It is located in the south of the krai. The area of the district is 40,996.4 square kilometers (15,828.8 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Yelizovo (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 24,566.
EenVandaag
EénVandaag (OneToday) is a current affairs programme broadcast on the Dutch public television network NPO 1 (formerly Nederland 1), The programme, which airs on Monday to Saturday evenings at 6:15pm CET is a co-production of the broadcasting associations AVRO and TROS, and since 2014 AVROTROS.

Eén Vandaag initially aired on Nederland 2 as Twee Vandaag and was launched in 1993 as a joint-production between the pillar broadcasters TROS, the EO and Veronica. Up until that point, the three companies had produced their own weekly current affairs programmes - TROS Aktua, Tijdsein (EO) and Nieuwslijn (Veronica). Since then, the roll-call of participating broadcasters has changed several times. Currently, the programme is presented on alternate nights by Bas van Werven (originalfrom TROS) and Pieter Jan Hagens (original from AVRO). The programme's editor-in-chief is Jan Kriek.

EénVandaag is also broadcast each weekday on the international television station BVN.

NPO 2
NPO 2 (known as Nederland 2 [ˌneːdərlɑn ˈtʋeː] until 2014) is a Dutch television channel, the sister channel of NPO 1 and NPO 3. It was established on 1 October 1964 at 20:00, initially with a 2.5-hour schedule until 22:30.

NPO 2 tends to broadcast arts, culture, politics, news, current affairs, documentaries and religious programmes. In the mornings, NPO 2 simulcasts NPO 1's news bulletins with sign language.

The channel is also available on cable companies in its overseas dependencies in the Caribbean, either live or time-shifted.
Trio Los Condes
Trio Los Condes is a Puerto Rican music trio that has had international success throughout Latin America and in the United States. The trio released several albums, including collaborations with Tito Lara, Armando Manzanero, Julio Angel, Manny Manuel and others. The trio was formed in 1959 in Manhattan, New York City. The original members were Rafael "Rafita" Maldonado, lead singer and guitar; José Luis "Tato" Díaz Rodríguez, second harmony singer and guitar; and Fernando Ramos, requinto player, third harmony singer and director.

Their career spanned more than 4 decades. In the 1960s, the Trio played at international venues as far as Montreal, Canada. In 2017, the Trio was still actively performing at local venues.

Music of Puerto Rico
The music of Puerto Rico has evolved as a heterogeneous and dynamic product of diverse cultural resources. The most conspicuous musical sources of Puerto Rico have primarily included African, Taino Indigenous, and European influences. Puerto Rican music culture today comprises a wide and rich variety of genres, ranging from essentially native genres such as bomba, jíbaro, seis, danza, and plena to more recent hybrid genres such as salsa, Latin trap and reggaeton. Broadly conceived, the realm of "Puerto Rican music" should naturally comprise the music culture of the millions of people of Puerto Rican descent who have lived in the United States, especially in New York City. Their music, from salsa to the boleros of Rafael Hernández, cannot be separated from the music culture of Puerto Rico itself.
Nasal emission
Nasal emission is the abnormal passing of oral air through a cleft palate, or from some other type of velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI), during the production of a consonant that requires a buildup of oral air pressure for proper pronunciation, such as /p/ or /s/.  The escaping air tends to reduce the oral air pressure and impede the proper production of the consonant.  Secondary effects sometimes noted with nasal emission are the development of improper compensatory pronunciation habits, including using a very soft voice that uses less breath pressure.  Nasal emission can be detected by a number of simple techniques, such as looking for the fogging of a mirror held under the nares or measured more definitively by means of a nasal pneumotachograph

The measurement of nasal emission in consonants is linked with the measurement of nasalance in vowels under the term nasometry.

Velopharyngeal inadequacy
Velopharyngeal inadequacy is a malfunction of a velopharyngeal mechanism which is responsible for directing the transmission of sound energy and air pressure in both the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. When this mechanism is impaired in some way, the valve does not fully close, and a condition known as "velopharyngeal inadequacy" can develop. VPI can either be congenital or acquired later in life.
Eduardo Gauggel Medina
José Eduardo de Jesús Gauggel Medina (1967 – 10 April 2015) was a Honduran lawyer and politician who served as member of the National Congress of Honduras from 2014 until his murder in 2015. He was the son of Eduardo Gauggel Rivas, also a former Supreme Court justice, who was killed alongside him in the same shooting.

They were ambushed in front of their house in Los Andes, when they had returned from a visit to their hometown of Copán. The elder Gauggel, who had apparently exited their armoured Land Cruiser to open the gate, was found on the driveway, while his son was shot to death in the driver's seat. Gauggel Medina was armed and was able to wound one of the assailants before he was killed. Witnesses reported the assailants were in multiple vehicles.

Copán Department
Copán is one of the departments in the western part of Honduras. The departmental capital is the town of Santa Rosa de Copán.  The department is well known for its tobacco and fine cigars.

The department is famous for its Pre-Columbian archaeological site at Copán, one of the greatest cities of the Maya civilization.
Kitatsugaru District, Aomori
Japan > Tōhoku region > Aomori Prefecture > Kitatsugaru District

Kitatsugaru District (北津軽郡, Kitatsugaru-gun) is a rural district located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

As of September 2013, the district had an estimated population of 40,171 and an area of 304.54 km2. Much the city of Goshogawara and part of the city of Aomori was formerly part of Kitatsugaru District. In terms of national politics, the district is represented in the Diet of Japan's House of Representatives as a part of the Aomori 3rd district.

Aomori
Aomori (青森, Aomori; IPA: [aoꜜmoɾi]), officially Aomori City (青森市, Aomori-shi), is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 264,945 in 136,781 households, and a population density of 321 people per square kilometer spread over the city's total area of 824.61 km2 (318.38 sq mi). Aomori is one of Japan's 62 core cities and the core of the Aomori metropolitan area.
Super Star (2002 film)
Super Star is a 2002 Kannada film written by Upendra and directed by Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar, starring Upendra and Keerthi Reddy in her Kannada debut. Although originally conceived as a remake of the Hindi film Agnisakshi, the story was reworked following the Nepalese royal massacre involving King Dipendra. The film is notable for offering four alternate climaxes, which allowed viewers to choose an ending based on their own interpretation. All four endings were inspired by the character Sigaev from Anton Chekhov's 1887 short story, An Avenger.

It was dubbed into Telugu as Stupid, which was significantly more successful than the Kannada original.

Upendra (film)
Upendra is a 1999 Indian Kannada-language psychological drama thriller film written and directed by Upendra. It stars Upendra, Raveena Tandon, Prema and Damini. It is an allegorical film, which explores three human emotions through the relationship between the main character and the three heroines and touches upon Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The lyrics were written by Upendra and the music composed by Gurukiran. The film developed a cult fanbase and it is said that the director named it Upendra with the thought that the name includes the names of the main characters of the film (U for Upendra, P for Prema, D for Damini, and Ra for Raveena).

The film won Filmfare Award for Best Film (Kannada) and Filmfare Award for Best Director (Kannada). It was screened at the 30th International Film Festival of India in 1999 and the Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in Japan in 2001. A sequel titled Uppi 2 was released in 2015.
Nathan Franklin Barrett
Nathan Franklin Barrett (November 19, 1845 – October 16, 1919) was an American landscape architect. He is best known for his designs for company town of Pullman, Illinois, the Hotel Ponce de Leon in Florida and Naumkeag in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Barrett was a founding member and president of the American Society of Landscape Architects. He also maintained a long working relationship with many noted architects and firms of the time including those of McKim, Mead & White, Carrère and Hastings and Horace Trumbauer.

Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County in Western Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,018 at the 2020 census. A year-round resort area, Stockbridge is home to the Norman Rockwell Museum, Naumkeag, a public garden and historic house, the Austen Riggs Center (a psychiatric treatment center), and Chesterwood, home and studio of sculptor Daniel Chester French.
Soros on Soros: Staying Ahead of the Curve
Soros on Soros: Staying Ahead of the Curve is a non-fiction book by George Soros, released by John Wiley and Sons in 1995, that gives an insight into the financial theory, personal history, and political analysis of George Soros.  The narrative proceeds in an interview-like style with Byron Wien, Managing Director of Morgan Stanley, and German Journalist Krisztina Koenen asking questions of Soros.

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Threonine aldolase
The enzyme threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-threonine  glycine + acetaldehyde

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming). This enzyme is also called L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
East Branch Martins Creek
East Branch Martins Creek is a tributary of Martins Creek in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 5.1 miles (8.2 km) long and flows through New Milford Township and Harford Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 7.36 square miles (19.1 km2). The creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody. The surficial geology in its vicinity consists of Wisconsinan Till, alluvium, alluvial fan, Wisconsinan Ice-Contact Stratified Drift, and bedrock.

Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
Susquehanna County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,434 Its county seat is Montrose. The county was created on February 21, 1810, from part of Luzerne County and later organized in 1812. It is named for the Susquehanna River. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.
Noble Dancer
Noble Dancer (1972 – June 27, 1994) was a British-born Thoroughbred racehorse who won back-to-back runnings of the Oslo Cup in Norway en route to earning Horse of the Year honors. In 1976 he was sent to compete in the United States where he was a dominant turf runner whose multiple top-level wins included back-to-back runnings of the Grade 1 United Nations Handicap as well as the San Luis Rey Stakes

Oslo Cup (horserace)
The Oslo Cup is a Group 3 flat horse race in Norway open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 1½ miles) at Øvrevoll in late July or early August. It was changed from the Walter Nilsens Minneløp in 2013.