hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lax–Wendroff method
The Lax–Wendroff method, named after Peter Lax and Burton Wendroff, is a numerical method for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations, based on finite differences. It is second-order accurate in both space and time. This method is an example of explicit time integration where the function that defines the governing equation is evaluated at the current time.

Peter Lax
Peter David Lax (1 May 1926 – 16 May 2025) was a Hungarian-born American mathematician and Abel Prize laureate working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics.

Lax made important contributions to integrable systems, fluid dynamics and shock waves, solitonic physics, hyperbolic conservation laws, and mathematical and scientific computing, among other fields. In a 1958 paper Lax stated a conjecture about matrix representations for third order hyperbolic polynomials which remained unproven for over four decades. Interest in the "Lax conjecture" grew as mathematicians working in several different areas recognized the importance of its implications in their field, until it was finally proven to be true in 2003.
Belaya Glina
Belaya Glina (Russian: Бе́лая Гли́на) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Krai, a selo in Beloglinsky Rural Okrug of Beloglinsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Belaya Glina, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a village in Verkhotursky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Krai
46°05′00″N 40°51′30″E﻿ / ﻿46.08333°N 40.85833°E﻿ / 46.08333; 40.85833

Belaya Glina (Russian: Бе́лая Гли́на) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Beloglinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located 200 kilometers (120 mi) northeast from Krasnodar, on the banks of the Rassypnaya River. Population:  17,320 (2010 Census); 17,767 (2002 Census); 17,881 (1989 Soviet census).

It was founded in 1820.
Herreshoff (automobile)
The Herreshoff was an American automobile built in both Detroit, Michigan, and Troy, New York, by the Herreshoff Motor Company from 1909 to 1914. The Herreshoff started as a small car with a 24 hp (18 kW) four-cylinder engine, and was made with three different models. Later models were upgraded to six-cylinder engines up to 3.8 liter capacity. For 1911, Herreshoff had a roadster with a rudimentary rumble seat at US$950 (equivalent to $32,059 in 2024); by contrast, the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout went for $650 (equivalent to $21,935 in 2024). In 1909, 500 vehicles were produced by Herreshoff.

A light car with a 16 hp (12 kW) engine was introduced in 1914. Fisher produced bodies for the company.

The Herreshoff Motor Company was founded by Charles F. Herreshoff. In addition to the aforementioned roadster (the Model 25), in 1911 the company offered a touring car, tourabout and runabout, each $1500 (equivalent to $50,620 in 2024).

Touring car
Touring car and tourer are both terms for open cars (i.e. cars without a fixed roof). "Touring car" is a style of open car built in the United States which seats four or more people. The style was popular from the early 1900s to the 1930s. The cars used for touring car racing in various series since the 1960s, are unrelated to these early touring cars, despite sharing the same name.

"Tourer" is used in British English for any open car. The term "all-weather tourer" was used to describe convertibles (vehicles that could be fully enclosed). A popular version of the tourer was the torpedo, with the hood/bonnet line level at the car's waistline giving the car a straight line from front to back.
The Hellstrom Chronicle
The Hellstrom Chronicle is an American film released in 1971 which combines elements of documentary, horror and apocalyptic prophecy to present a satirical depiction of the struggle for survival between humans and insects. It won both the 1972 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and BAFTA Award for Best Documentary. It was conceived and produced by David L. Wolper, directed by Walon Green and written by David Seltzer, who earned a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for his screenplay.

Writers Guild of America
The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the name of two American labor unions representing writers in film, television, radio, and online media:

The Writers Guild of America East (WGAE) is headquartered in New York City and is affiliated with the AFL-CIO national trade union center

The Writers Guild of America West (WGAW) is headquartered in Los Angeles and is unaffiliated with any larger national trade union.

Although both organizations operate independently, they perform some common activities, including negotiating contracts and launching strike actions, as well as maintaining the American database of writing credits, and arbitrating between writers when conflicts arise.
Listed buildings in Priest Hutton
Priest Hutton is a civil parish in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It contains twelve listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All of the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Priest Hutton, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouse and farm buildings.  The Lancaster Canal passes through the parish, and a bridge crossing it is listed.  Also listed is the telephone kiosk in the centre of the village.

Lancaster Canal
The Lancaster Canal is a canal in North West England, originally planned to run from Westhoughton in Lancashire to Kendal in south Cumbria (historically in Westmorland). The section around the crossing of the River Ribble was never completed, and much of the southern end leased to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, of which it is now generally considered part.

Of the canal north of Preston, only the section from Preston to Tewitfield near Carnforth in Lancashire is currently open to navigation for 42 miles (67.6 km), with the canal north of Tewitfield having been severed in three places by the construction of the M6 motorway, and by the A590 road near Kendal. The southern part, from Johnson's Hillock to Aspull, remains navigable as part of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The planned continuation to Westhoughton was never built.
Howard C. Gentry
Howard Cornelius Gentry Sr. (April 15, 1921 – February 14, 1995) was an American college football coach. He was the 12th head football coach at Tennessee A&I State College—now known as Tennessee State University—in Nashville, Tennessee, serving for six seasons, from 1955 until 1960, and compiling a record of 42–10–1. Gentry was also the athletic director at Tennessee State from 1961 to 1976.

Gentry played college football as a tackle at Florida A&M University under head coaches William M. Bell and Jake Gaither. His coaching career began at North Carolina A&T University under Bell and was then an assistant coach at Wilberforce State College—now known as Central State University—in Wilberforce, Ohio under head coach Gaston F. Lewis. Gentry moved to Tennessee A&I in 1949 to become and assistant football coach under Henry Kean.

Central State University
Central State University (CSU) is a public, historically black land-grant university in Wilberforce, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1887, it enrolls over 5,000 students across its five constituent colleges. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, the University System of Ohio, and the Strategic Ohio Council for Higher Education (SOCHE).

Established by the state legislature as a two-year program for teacher and industrial training, CSU was originally part of the four-year private Wilberforce University. It was known as the Combined Normal and Industrial Department. The college gained a four-year curriculum in 1941, independent status in 1947, and was renamed as Central State College in 1951. With further development, it gained university status in 1965. In 2014, Central State University received designation as a land-grant university.
Gretta Pecl
Gretta Tatyana Pecl AM is an Australian marine ecologist, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, and the Director of the Centre for Marine Socioecology (CMS) at the University of Tasmania. Her work focuses on species and ecosystem responses to climate change, as well as using socioecological approaches to adapt natural resource management for climate change. She is on the editorial board of Springer Nature's Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, and is a Subject Editor for Ecography.

Ecography
Ecography is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley on behalf of the Nordic Society Oikos covering the field of spatial ecology. It has been published since 1978, the first 14 volumes under the name Holarctic Ecology.

Ecography is published in collaboration with Oikos, Journal of Avian Biology, Nordic Journal of Botany, Lindbergia and Wildlife Biology. It is available as an open-access publication via Wiley.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has an impact factor of 5.9 as of 2022, ranking it 7th out of 65 journals in the category "Biodiversity Conservation" and 18th out of 174 journals in the category "Ecology".
Raša (river)
The Raša (Latin: Arsia, Italian: Arsa) in Croatian Istria is a major river of Croatia's Istria County.
It is 23 kilometres (14 mi) long, and its basin covers an area of 279 km2 (108 sq mi).
Its mouth is in the long ria of Raša Bay (Croatian: Raški zaljev, formerly Italian: Porto d'Arsia), which is a drowned river valley scoured out when world sea levels fell, then drowned by the rising waters of the post-glacial era. The Raša rises in springs near Pićan and flows south through a steep-sided valley before opening into the head of the Adriatic Sea. The river, although short in length, has an ancient history as a border.

Pićan
Pićan (Italian: Pedena, Chakavian: Pićon, Slovene: Pičen,)  is a village and municipality in the central part of Istria, west Croatia, 12 km southeast of Pazin; elevation 360 m. The chief occupations are agriculture and livestock breeding. It is situated on the D64 state road (Pazin-Kršan-Vozilići). There is a railway station on the former Lupoglav – Raša railway.
Logie Awards of 2007
The 49th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Sunday 6 May 2007 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Adam Hills, Dave Hughes and Fifi Box, while Hamish Blake and Andy Lee were the backstage hosts. Jules Lund, Livinia Nixon and Jackie O hosted the Red Carpet Arrivals. Special guests included Michael Weatherly, Rachel Griffiths, Jessica Alba, Michael Chiklis and Ioan Gruffud.

Michael Chiklis
Michael Charles Chiklis (/ˈtʃɪklɪs/; born August 30, 1963) is an American actor, television producer, and director. He is best known for his roles as Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Vic Mackey on the FX police drama The Shield (2002–2008), for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2002 and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 2003, and as superhero Ben Grimm / The Thing in Fantastic Four (2005) and Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007).

Other notable television roles of his include Commissioner Tony Scali on The Commish (1991–96), Dell Toledo on American Horror Story: Freak Show (2014–15), Nathaniel Barnes on Gotham (2015–17), and Red Auerbach on Winning Time (2022–23). He has appeared in films such as Eagle Eye (2008), Hubie Halloween (2020), and Don't Look Up (2021).
Bactris major
Bactris major is a small to medium-sized (1–10 m tall) spiny palm which ranges from Mexico, through Central America into northern South America and Trinidad.  The species is divided into three or four varieties, although the boundaries between varieties is not always clearly defined.

The fruits are eaten or used to flavour drinks.

Spanish names for the palm species include marayaú.

Andrew Henderson (botanist)
Andrew James Henderson (born September 8, 1950) is a palm-systematist and Curator of the Institute of Systematic Botany at the New York Botanical Garden.  He has authored taxonomic descriptions of 140 species, subspecies and varieties of plants, especially in the palm family
Zurcherella
Zurcherella is a Lower Cretaceous (Upper Barremian - Upper Aptian desmoceratid ammonite from France and Colombia (Apón and Yuruma Formations, La Guajira). Its shell is moderately compressed and rather involute (outer whorls covering most of the inner), with fine sinuous ribs that arise some distance above the umbilical rim. Zurcherella differs from its descendant Uhligella in that in the latter, ribs arise from the umbilical shoulder.

Zurcherella is the earliest of the desmoceratid subfamily Beudanticeratinae, which includes among others, Uhligella, Beudanticeras, and Beudantiella.

Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.
New Zealand cuisine
The cuisine of New Zealand has historical influences from British cuisine and Māori culture. As an island nation with a primarily agricultural economy, New Zealand yields produce from land and sea.

Similar to the cuisine of Australia, the cuisine of New Zealand is a diverse British-based cuisine, with Mediterranean and Pacific Rim influences as the country has become more cosmopolitan. Since the 1970s, new culinary influences such as New American, Southeast Asian, East Asian, and South Asian food have become popular.

New American cuisine
New American cuisine, also known as Modern American cuisine or Contemporary American cuisine, is the wave of modernized cooking predominantly served at upscale fine dining restaurants in the United States, originating in the 1980s. New American cuisine is generally a type of fusion cuisine which assimilates flavors from the melting pot of traditional American cooking techniques mixed with foreign and sometimes molecular gastronomy components. There is often a focus on fresh, local, and seasonal farm-to-table ingredients.

The movement was popularized in the 1990s by various celebrity chefs, including Wolfgang Puck, Jeremiah Tower, Alice Waters, and Jonathan Waxman.

New American cuisine features innovative use of seasoning and sauces. Originally based on French, nouvelle, and traditional American cuisine, New American has since progressed to include elements of Mediterranean, Latin American, Asian, and other cuisines.
Monmouthshire County Council
Monmouthshire County Council (or simply Monmouthshire Council) (Welsh: Cyngor Sir Fynwy) is the governing body for the Monmouthshire principal area – one of the unitary authorities of Wales.

The current unitary authority was created in 1996 and covers the eastern three-fifths of the historic county of Monmouthshire. The county council is based at County Hall in the hamlet of The Rhadyr, near Usk.

Since the 2022 elections the council has been under no overall control, with Labour the largest party. The leader of the council since the 2022 elections has been Mary Ann Brocklesby of Labour.

Subdivisions of Wales
The subdivisions of Wales constitute a hierarchy of administrative divisions and non-administrative ceremonial areas.

For the purposes of local government, the country is divided into principal areas, of either counties or county boroughs, and communities.
The current system is the result of incremental reform which has its origins in legislation enacted in 1972 and 1994.
Ardtornish
Ardtornish (Scottish Gaelic: Àird Tòirinis) is a  Highland estate in Scotland located in Morvern, Lochaber. Ardtornish House is famous for its gardens and the estate is the location of the ruined Ardtornish Castle and the still-inhabited Kinlochaline Castle.

Lochaber
Lochaber (/lɒxˈɑːbər/ lokh-AH-bər; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Abar) is a name applied to a part of the Scottish Highlands. Historically, it was a provincial lordship consisting of the parishes of Kilmallie and Kilmonivaig. Lochaber once extended from the Northern shore of Loch Leven, a district called Nether Lochaber, to beyond Spean Bridge and Roybridge, which area is known as Brae Lochaber or Braigh Loch Abar in Gaelic. For local government purposes, the name was used for one of the landward districts of Inverness-shire from 1930 to 1975, and then for one of the districts of the Highland region from 1975 to 1996. Since 1996 the Highland Council has had a Lochaber area committee.

The main town of Lochaber is Fort William. Other moderate sized settlements in Lochaber include Mallaig, Ballachulish and Glencoe.
Gilbert Knowles
Gilbert Knowles (1667–1734) was an English Roman Catholic priest, botanist and poet.

He is known only for his Materia Medica Botanica (London, 1723, 4to), which was dedicated to Dr. Richard Mead, and consists of 7355 Latin hexameters. Four hundred plants of the materia medica are described and their uses in medicine explained. Various episodes, some of which may yet be read with pleasure, are interwoven with the subject for the sake of ornament. Knowles alludes to his verses as being written "rudi Minerva", and evidently was a close student both of Virgil's style and matter.

A portrait engraved in mezzotint by John Faber the Younger from a painting by T. Murray, subscribed "Mr. Gilbert Knowles, ætatis 49, anno 1723," is prefixed to the volume.

Richard Mead
Richard Mead, FRS, FRCP Archived 6 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, (11 August 1673 – 16 February 1754) was an English physician. His work, A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the Method to be used to prevent it (1720), was of historic importance in advancing the understanding of transmissible diseases.
Brad Dourif
Bradford Claude Dourif (/ˈdɔːrɪf/; born March 18, 1950) is an American actor. He is known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Billy Bibbit in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), portraying Gríma Wormtongue in The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and voicing Chucky in the Child's Play franchise (1988–present).

Brad Dourif's other film credits include Wise Blood (1979), Heaven's Gate (1980), Ragtime (1981), Dune (1984), Blue Velvet (1986), Mississippi Burning (1988), The Exorcist III (1990), Alien Resurrection (1997), Halloween (2007) and its 2009 sequel. He also appeared in many television series, notably Deadwood (2004–2006, 2019), for which he received Primetime Emmy Award and Satellite Award nominations for his portrayal of Amos "Doc" Cochran.

Satellite Awards
The Satellite Awards are annual awards given by the International Press Academy that are commonly noted in entertainment industry journals and blogs. The awards were originally known as the Golden Satellite Awards. The award ceremonies take place each year at the InterContinental Hotel in Century City, Los Angeles.
Oudsbergen
Oudsbergen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʌutsˌbɛrɣə(n)]; Limburgish: Audsberge [ˈawtsbæʀ(ə)ɣə]) is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg that arose on 1 January 2019 from the merging of the municipalities of Opglabbeek and Meeuwen-Gruitrode.

The merged municipality has an area of 116.24 km2 and a population of 23,520 people in 2021.

Limburgish
Limburgish (Limburgs [ˈlɪm˦bʏʀ(ə)xs] or Lèmburgs [ˈlɛm˦-]; Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbʏr(ə)xs]; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) is the collective designation for a group of closely related language varieties spoken in most of Belgian and Dutch Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each with its own distinctive features. A characteristic feature of many dialects of Limburgish is the occurrence of a lexical pitch accent (Franconian tone accent), which these dialects adopted from and share with the adjacent Central Franconian dialects of German.

In the Netherlands, Limburgish has been officially recognized as a regional language by the Dutch government since 1997. In Belgium and Germany, Limburgish dialects have no formal legal status.
Boiled wool
Boiled wool is a type of fabric primarily used in creating berets, scarves, vests, cardigans, coats, and jackets. To create this fabric, knit wool or wool-blend fabrics are agitated with hot water in a process called fulling. This process shrinks the fabric and results in a dense felted fabric that resists fraying and further shrinkage.

Jacket
A jacket is a garment for the upper body, usually extending below the hips. A jacket typically has sleeves and fastens in the front or slightly on the side. Jackets without sleeves are vests. A jacket is generally lighter, tighter-fitting, and less insulating than a coat, but both are outerwear. Some jackets are fashionable, while some others serve as protective clothing.
Dale Singleton
Dale Singleton (August 27, 1955 in Dalton, Georgia – September 1, 1985 in South Carolina) was an American professional motorcycle racer.

Singleton competed at the 1979 Suzuka 8 Hours.  Singleton won the Daytona 200 in 1979 and 1981 – both for privateer teams.  Also in 1981 he won the AMA Road Racing Championship.

He was killed in a plane crash in 1985.

Singleton was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2002.

Suzuka 8 Hours
The Suzuka 8 hours (Japanese: 鈴鹿8時間耐久ロードレース, Hepburn: Suzuka hachi-jikan taikyū rōdo rēsu; Suzuka 8 hours Endurance Road Race) is a motorcycle endurance race held at the Suzuka Circuit in Japan each year.  The race runs for eight hours consecutively, and entrants are composed of two or more riders who alternate during pitstops.
Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Caravaggio)
The Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Italian: Crocifissione di san Pietro) is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, painted in 1601 for the Cerasi Chapel of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. Across the chapel is a second Caravaggio work depicting the Conversion of Saint Paul on the Road to Damascus (1601). On the altar between the two is the Assumption of the Virgin Mary by Annibale Carracci.

Denis Mahon
Sir John Denis Mahon, CH, CBE, FBA (8 November 1910 – 24 April 2011) was a British collector and historian of Italian art. Considered to be one of the few art collectors who was also a respected scholar, he is generally credited, alongside Sacheverell Sitwell and Tancred Borenius, with bringing Italian pre-Baroque and Baroque painters to the attention of English-speaking audiences, reversing the critical aversion to their work that had prevailed from the time of John Ruskin.
XHTQ-FM
XHTQ-FM is an FM radio station in Ixhuatlancillo and Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico. It broadcasts romantic music as Romántica 101.3.

In its incarnation as AM station XETQ-AM, it was at one point a clear-channel station on 850 kHz.

Ixhuatlancillo
Ixhuatlancillo is a municipality in the central zone of the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 165 km from Xalapa, the state capital. It has a surface of 39.48 km2 and is located at 18°54′N 97°09′W﻿ / ﻿18.900°N 97.150°W﻿ / 18.900; -97.150.