hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Censorship in Thailand
Censorship in Thailand involves the strict control of political news under successive governments, including by harassment and manipulation.

Freedom of speech was guaranteed in 1997 and those guarantees continue in 2007. Mechanisms for censorship have included strict lèse-majesté laws, direct government/military control over the broadcast media, and the use of economic and political pressure. Criticism of the king is banned by the constitution, although most lèse-majesté cases have been directed at foreigners, or at Thai opponents of political, social and commercial leaders.

Thailand ranked 59 of 167 countries in 2004 and then fell to 107 of 167 countries in 2005 in Press Freedom Index from Reporters Without Borders. Thailand's ranking fell to 153 of 178 in 2010 and rose to 137 of 179 in 2011–2012. In the 2014 index, Thailand ranked 130 of 180 nations, falling to 142 in 2017 and to 140 in 2018.

World Press Freedom Index
The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) is an annual ranking of 180 countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) since 2002 based upon the assessment of the non-governmental organization as well as surveys of professionals around the world, of the countries' press freedom records in the previous year. It intends to reflect the degree of freedom that journalists, news organizations, and netizens have in each country, and the efforts made by authorities to respect this freedom. Reporters Without Borders notes that the WPFI only deals with press freedom and does not measure the quality of journalism in the countries it assesses, nor does it look at human rights violations in general.
Jeff Dalgleish
Jeff Dalgleish is an Australian rules football field umpire in the Australian Football League.

Based in Western Australia, Dalgleish began umpiring in 1999 in the East Fremantle Juniors and the Western Australian Amateur Football League. He progressed to professional football, making his WAFL umpiring debut in 2003 and his Australian Football League debut in 2009.

Dalgleish rose to become one of the league's best umpires in the mid-2010s, and was selected to umpire in his first grand final in 2015.

Dalgleish's brother Brett also umpires in the AFL as a boundary umpire.

Umpire (Australian rules football)
An umpire is an official in the sport of Australian rules football who enforces the rules as outlined in the "Laws of the Game", the official handbook of Australian Rules Football. Umpiring across all levels the AFL (professional, amateur or juniors) has a long history of abuse. In recent years, the AFL has taken steps to address and reduce this issue.
Duncan Clark (surgeon)
Duncan Clark (1759-1808) was a Loyalist who became an influential figure in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Duncan Clarke, first and one of the longest serving head of Royal Naval Hospital Halifax (1795-1803). He served in the 82nd Regiment of Foot and arrived in Halifax in 1778. He was a member of the North British Society, eventually becoming president. He was a frequent patron of the Great Pontack (Halifax).  Clark also was the head of a Masonic Lodge for Saint John, New Brunswick and later in Nova Scotia. He was also a friend of John Halliburton (surgeon) of the doctor for Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn.

82nd Regiment of Foot (1777)
The 82nd Regiment of Foot was a British army regiment raised for service in the American Revolutionary War.

The regiment was raised in Lanarkshire, Scotland on 16 December 1777. 
It was sent to New York in August 1779 and then to establish and defend New Ireland in June 1779. It was sent to Wilmington, North Carolina in April 1781 and its light company was interned at Yorktown. It was disbanded in 1784.
Kabardian grammar
Eastern Circassian grammar (Kabardian: Къэбэрдеибзэ адыгабзэ) is the grammar of standard East Circassian also known as Kabardian, as spoken and written by the Kabardian and Besleney communities primarily in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and Karachay-Cherkessian Republic in Russia.

Eastern Circassian is ergative–absolutive, predominantly marks head final and its normal word order is SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). Its nouns are remarkably simple, only marking for 2 numbers and case (which is frequently optional). Its verbal morphology however is the most complex part of the language, being inflected with suffixes and prefixes, making it very agglutinative and polysynthetic. A verb can be marked for several persons (polypersonality), number, tense, mood, causative and with a large array of preverbs. Notions such as "can", "must", and "if", usually expressed as separate words in most European languages, are typically expressed with verbal suffixes in Eastern Circassian.

Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 904,200. Its capital is Nalchik. The area contains the highest mountain in Europe,  Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 m (18,510 ft). Mount Elbrus has 22 glaciers that feed three rivers — Baksan, Malka and Kuban. The mountain is covered with snow year-round.
Holendry, Gmina Pierzchnica
Holendry [xɔˈlɛndrɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pierzchnica, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Pierzchnica and 26 km (16 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Pierzchnica
Pierzchnica [pjɛʂxˈnit͡sa] is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) of Gmina Pierzchnica. It lies in historic Lesser Poland, approximately 23 km (14 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Bill Biggart
William G. Biggart (July 20, 1947 – September 11, 2001) was an American freelance photojournalist and a victim of the September 11 attacks, notable for his street-view photographs of the event before being killed by the collapse of the World Trade Center's North Tower. He was the only professional photographer to be killed while covering the attacks.

On September 15, 2001, four days after the attacks, Biggart's remains were discovered along with a bag containing his three cameras and the CompactFlash card from which his last photographs were recovered. The photos were used in the October 15, 2001, issue of Newsweek. His photographs from 9/11 were exhibited at the International Center of Photography and the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. They have also been preserved on the Internet by The Digital Journalist.

International Center of Photography
The International Center of Photography (ICP) is a photography museum and school at 84 Ludlow Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. ICP's photographic collection, reading room, and archives are at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City, New Jersey. The organization was founded by Cornell Capa in 1974. It is located at 84 Ludlow Street, within the Lower East Side.

ICP is the host of the Infinity Awards, inaugurated in 1985 "to bring public attention to outstanding achievements in photography by honoring individuals with distinguished careers in the field and by identifying future luminaries."
National Geographic (Indian TV channel)
National Geographic (also known as Nat Geo) is an Indian pay television channel owned by the National Geographic Global Networks unit of Disney Entertainment and National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company (73%) and the National Geographic Society (27%). The distribution and broadcasting within the Indian market is now managed under the JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It mainly telecasts non-fiction, documentaries involving nature, science, culture, and history, produced by the original American network It broadcasts in seven languages (English, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Bengali).

A HD version of the channel, National Geographic HD was launched on 20 February 2010.

Disney Entertainment
Disney Entertainment is one of the three major divisions of the Walt Disney Company created on February 8, 2023. It consists of the company's entertainment media and content businesses, including its motion picture film studios, television divisions and streaming services. Disney operates the largest television and films studio in Hollywood.
Simpson's Saltings
Simpson's Saltings is a 25 hectare nature reserve on the Suffolk coast east of Hollesley. It is managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust. It is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and part of the Alde-Ore Estuary Site of Special Scientific Interest, Ramsar internationally important wetland site, Special Area of Conservation, Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds, and Grade I Nature Conservation Review site,

The Saltings are described by the Trust as "one of the county’s most important coastal sites for its wealth of uncommon coastal and saltmarsh plants." There are also rare lichens. Habitats include intertidal mud, estuary creeks, saltmarsh, compacted sand and shingle.

There is no public access but the site can be viewed from the sea wall.

Hollesley
Hollesley listenⓘ is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk east of Ipswich in eastern England. Located on the Bawdsey peninsula five miles south-east of Woodbridge, in 2005 it had a population of 1,400 increasing to 1,581 at the 2011 Census.

Hollesley Bay Prison is located nearby. The Irish writer Brendan Behan, arrested for I.R.A. activities in 1939, was sent there, subsequently describing his experiences in Borstal Boy. Since 2002 the prison has been repeatedly criticised for the apparently large number of escapes, which has led to the nickname "Holiday Bay".

The church of All Saints is thought to date from the 11th century. The tower and church bell date from the 15th century. The stained glass is by the Welsh artist Meg Lawrence.

Hollesley Bay is a nearby coastal feature.
Innocent Obiri
Innocent Momanyi Obiri is a Kenyan politician who is currently a member of the National Assembly for the Bobasi constituency, representing the Peoples Democratic Party.

He attended Aga Khan High School in Mombassa and the University of Nairobi before working as a quantity surveyor prior to entering parliament. He was elected to the National Assembly in the 2017 general election with 37.7% of the vote.

In 2018 he was arrested along with one of his bodyguards on suspicion of causing a disturbance at a quarry. In 2019 he was arrested on suspicion of corruption in relation to the construction of the Lake Basin mall in Kisumu.

University of Nairobi
The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi) is a collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dates back to 1956, it did not become an independent university until 1970. During that year, the University of East Africa was split into three independent universities: the Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the University of Nairobi in Kenya.

During the 2023 academic year, the university had 49,047 students, of whom 35,897 were undergraduates and 11,003 were postgraduates. The university launched several policy frameworks and introduced self-funded enrollment (also called 'module 2') to cope with the rising demand for higher education in Kenya.
Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Plant
Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Plant (Russian: Новокузнецкий металлургический комбинат) is a major Russian steel producer in the city of Novokuznetsk in Kemerovo Oblast in southwestern Siberia. The company's name is abbreviated to NKMK (Russian:НКМК). The company specializes in the production of rails for railroads. NKMK is a subsidiary of the Evraz Group, a leading Russian steel company.  As of September 26, 2022, the Plant is on fire and major portions of it have burned down.

Railway track
Railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (per way) (CwthE) or "P way" (BrE and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable, low-friction surface on which steel wheels can roll. Early tracks were constructed with wooden or cast-iron rails, and wooden or stone sleepers. Since the 1870s, rails have almost universally been made from steel.
2006 Hopman Cup
The 2006 Hopman Cup (also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th Hopman Cup tournament. The champions were Lisa Raymond and Taylor Dent of the United States. The Netherlands qualified and reached the final. Michaëlla Krajicek won her singles match, and Taylor Dent beat Peter Wessels. The mixed doubles competition was won in close sets by Raymond and Dent. The event was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth on 30 December 2005 through 6 January 2006. This was the first elite-level tennis tournament in which players could challenge line calls using the Hawk-Eye technology. Players or teams had a limit of two unsuccessful challenges per set.

Michaëlla Krajicek
Michaëlla Krajicek (Czech: Michaela Krajíčková; born 9 January 1989) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. She has won three singles and five doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one WTA 125 doubles title, and 14 titles in singles and 24 in doubles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 11 February 2008, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of world No. 30. On 23 March 2015, she peaked at No. 23 in the doubles rankings.
Parornix petiolella
Parornix petiolella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Moldova, Poland, Romania, the European part of Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine.

The larvae feed on Armeniaca, Malus species (including Malus domestica, Malus pumila and Malus sylvestris), Prunus species (including Prunus cerasifera, Prunus cerasus, Prunus domestica, Prunus spinosa and Prunus vulgaris), Persica and Pyrus species.

Prunus cerasifera
Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum. Native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere, P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum.
The Knights of Castelcorvo
The Knights of Castelcorvo (Italian: I cavalieri di Castelcorvo) is an Italian comedy-drama-mystery-fantasy streaming television series for children and adolescents, which is produced by Stand by Me for the Walt Disney Company. The series premiered on November 6, 2020, in Italy on Disney+.

Fantasy television
Fantasy television is a genre of television programming featuring elements of the fantastic, often including magic, supernatural forces, or exotic fantasy worlds. Fantasy television programs are often based on tales from mythology and folklore, or are adapted from fantasy stories in other media. The boundaries of fantasy television often overlap with science fiction and horror but also realistic fiction.
Madhuban Mathaul
Madhuban Mathaul  is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 6,783 people living in 1246 individual households. There were 3,394 males and  3,389 females at the time of census.

Narayani Zone
Narayani (Nepali: नारायणी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones to Provinces, located in the central south of the country. The headquarter of Narayani zone was Hetauda. Narayani Zone is named after the Narayani River which is on the western border of the zone, separating it from the Gandaki and Lumbini zones. Narayani means beloved of Narayan which is Parvati his sister, and Narayan refers to Lord Vishnu (the preserver) in the Hindu religion.
O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig
"O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig" ("O Lamb of God, innocent") is an early Lutheran hymn, with text and melody attributed to Nikolaus Decius. Originally intended as a German version of the Latin Agnus Dei, it was instead used as a Passion hymn. In both contexts, the hymn has often been set to music, prominently as the cantus firmus in the opening chorus of Bach's St. Matthew Passion. It is included in most German hymnals, and has been translated by Catherine Winkworth, among others.

Neumeister Collection
The Neumeister Collection is a compilation of 82 chorale preludes found in a manuscript copy produced by Johann Gottfried Neumeister (1757–1840). When the manuscript was rediscovered at Yale University in the 1980s it appeared to contain 31 previously unknown early chorale settings by Johann Sebastian Bach, which were added to the BWV catalogue as Nos. 1090–1120, and published in 1985.
Sarawak Energy
Sarawak Energy Berhad is a vertically integrated power utility and an energy developer with a vision to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for Sarawak by meeting the region’s need for reliable and renewable energy.

It is one of Malaysia's three electrical companies, the other two being Tenaga Nasional serving Peninsular Malaysia, and Sabah Electricity which serves the state of Sabah and territory of Labuan.

Labuan
Labuan (/ləˈbuːən/), officially the Federal Territory of Labuan (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan), is an island federal territory of Malaysia. It includes Labuan Island and six smaller islands off the coast of the state of Sabah in East Malaysia. Labuan's capital is Victoria, which is best known as an offshore financial centre offering international financial and business services via Labuan IBFC since 1990, as well as being an offshore support hub for deepwater oil and gas activities in the region. It is also a tourist destination for people travelling through Sabah, nearby Bruneians, and scuba divers. The name Labuan derives from the Malay word labuhan, which means "harbour".
Andrew Nisbet Jr.
Andrew Nisbet Jr. (September 10, 1921 – February 24, 2013) was an American military officer and state legislator.

Born in Oakland, California, Nisbet went to Stanford University, University of Georgia, and Columbia University. In 1942 Nisbet enlisted in the United States Army and retired in 1975. Nisbet and his wife moved to Sequim, Washington. Nisbet served as port commissioner for Port Angeles, Washington. He also served in the Washington House of Representatives 1978-1982 as a Republican. Nisbet died in Leavenworth, Kansas.

Port Angeles, Washington
Port Angeles (/ˈændʒələs/ AN-jəl-əs) is a city in and the county seat of Clallam County, Washington, United States. The population was 19,960 at the 2020 census, it is the most populous city in the county, as well as the most populous city on the Olympic Peninsula. The population was estimated at 20,112 in 2024.

The city's harbor was dubbed Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (Port of Our Lady of the Angels) by Spanish explorer Francisco de Eliza in 1791. By the mid-19th century, after settlement by English speakers from the United States, the name was shortened and partially anglicized to its current form, Port Angeles Harbor.

Port Angeles is home to Peninsula College. It is the birthplace of football hall of famer John Elway and residents include writers and other celebrities. The city is served by William R. Fairchild International Airport. Ferry service is provided across the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Victoria, British Columbia, Canada on the MV Coho.
Apo Reef Lighthouse
The Apo Reef Light was a historic lighthouse built on Bajo Apo Island in Apo Reef Natural Park. The park is located in the middle of Mindoro Strait, west of the province of Occidental Mindoro, in the Philippines.  The station was established to warn ships of the dangerous shallow reefs in that part of the strait.

The original tower was the tallest lighthouse tower ever erected in the Philippines.  The 118-ft (36.0-m) tall structure was an iron skeletal tower with a central cylinder, reinforced by a hexagonal frame and topped with the lantern room with two levels of gallery.

Occidental Mindoro
Occidental Mindoro (Tagalog: Kanlurang Mindoro), officially the Province of Occidental Mindoro (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Kanlurang Mindoro or Lalawigan ng Occidental Mindoro), is a province in the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. The province occupies the western half of the island of Mindoro. Its capital is Mamburao, but the most populous municipality is San Jose. Sablayan is its largest municipality in terms of area, occupying almost half of the entire province. As of 2020, Occidental Mindoro has 525,354 inhabitants.

The province is bordered on the east by the province of Oriental Mindoro, and on the south by the Mindoro Strait. The South China Sea is to the west of the province and Palawan is located to the southwest, across the Mindoro Strait. Batangas is to the north, separated by the Verde Island Passage, a protected marine area and the center of the world's marine biodiversity.
Coventry and North Warwickshire (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Coventry and North Warwickshire was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Coventry North East, Coventry North West, Coventry South East, Coventry South West, Meriden, North Warwickshire, Nuneaton, and Solihull.

Coventry South East
Coventry South East was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Coventry.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the February 1974 general election, and abolished for the 1997 general election.
Rushcliffe Country Park
Rushcliffe Country Park  (Grid Reference SK577320) is an open park space covering approximately 210 acres (0.85 km2), located on Mere Way just south of Ruddington in the borough of Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire, England. The park has maintained the Green Flag award for twelve years; the National Standard for parks and green spaces in England and Wales.

Green Flag Award
The Green Flag Award is an international accreditation given to publicly accessible  parks and open spaces, managed under licence from the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, a UK Government department, by Keep Britain Tidy, who also administers the scheme in England.
2008 Le Mans Series
The 2008 Le Mans Series was the fifth season of ACO's Le Mans Series. It was a series for Le Mans Prototype and Grand Touring style cars broken into 4 classes: LMP1, LMP2, GT1, and GT2. It ran from 6 April to 14 September 2008 with five rounds taking place.

Judd (engine)
Judd is a brand of racing car engines built by Engine Developments Ltd., a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Engine Developments was intended to build engines for Brabham's racing efforts, and became one of the first firms authorised by Cosworth to maintain and rebuild its DFV engines, but has since expanded into various areas of motorsport.

Judd has provided engines for many major series, including Formula One, Indycar and other smaller formula series, sports car racing, and touring car racing. They have been associated with manufacturers such as Yamaha, MG, Mazda and Honda, although they have mainly been a privateer-engine supplier.