hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heart of Midlothian (Royal Mile)
The Heart of Midlothian is a heart-shaped mosaic, formed of coloured granite setts, located outside St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh. It marks the site of the entrance to Edinburgh's Old Tolbooth, which was demolished in 1817. Sir Walter Scott would immortalise the Tolbooth in his 1818 novel The Heart of Midlothian, which centres on a girl who is wrongfully imprisoned there.

Locals will often spit upon the heart, an action which is said to bring good luck, though it may have originated as a sign of disdain for the executions that took place in the Tolbooth. The Edinburgh football team Heart of Midlothian F.C. takes its name from the mosaic.

The Heart of Midlothian
The Heart of Mid-Lothian is the seventh of Sir Walter Scott's Waverley Novels. It was originally published in four volumes on 25 July 1818, under the title of Tales of My Landlord, 2nd series, and the author was given as "Jedediah Cleishbotham, Schoolmaster and Parish-clerk of Gandercleugh". The main action, which takes place between September 1736 and May 1737, is set in motion by the Porteous Riots in Edinburgh and involves an epic journey from Edinburgh to London by a working-class girl to obtain a royal commutation of the death penalty incurred by her sister for the alleged murder of her new-born baby. Despite some negative contemporary reviews, some now consider it Scott's best novel.
Saunaraniya
Saunaraniya (legally 'Sonarniya') is a village development committee in Rautahat District in Maulapur Municipality in Madhesh Pradesh of Nepal after Nepal started using a Provincial government. It's in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. It is a small village between Maulapur and Inarwamal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3763 people living in 689 individual households.

Provincial governments of Nepal
The provinces of Nepal are governed by provincial governments which form the second level of governance in the country; after the federal government. The provincial governments are established, and their structure is defined by Part 13 of the Constitution of Nepal.
Pedapadu mandal
Pedapadu mandal is one of the 28 mandals in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh having population of 76,793 as of 2011 census. It is administered under Eluru revenue division and its headquarters are located at Pedapadu.

Eluru revenue division
Eluru revenue division (or Eluru division) is an administrative division in the Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 13 mandals under its administration. Eluru city is the divisional headquarters. The present sixteen mandals became part of the division on 25 May 1985.
Raymond Saw Po Ray
Raymond Saw Po Ray (11 August 1948 – 6 January 2025) was a Burmese Roman Catholic prelate. He was auxiliary bishop of Yangon (1987–1993) and bishop of Mawlamyine (1993–2023). Saw Po Ray died on 6 January 2025, at the age of 76.

Archdiocese of Yangon
The Archdiocese of Yangon (Latin: Archidioecesis Yangonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Myanmar. Charles Bo, SDB was appointed Archbishop of Yangon by Pope John Paul II on May 24, 2003.
South Shore (Massachusetts)
The South Shore of Massachusetts is a geographic region stretching south and east from Boston toward Cape Cod along the shores of Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay. It is subject to varying descriptions including municipalities in eastern Norfolk and Plymouth counties. The South Shore is an affluent area. The median income of the region as of 2020 is $104,691. The median home value of the region as of 2020 is $574,831.

Depending on its geographical definition, the South Shore is composed of a mix of suburban towns, mid-sized industrial cities and rural towns. Massachusetts' heaviest concentration of Irish-American residents and descendants from ancestors from Ireland is on the South Shore, and 6 of the United States' 10 most Irish towns are located on the South Shore, which is sometimes referred to locally as the Irish Riviera.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Norfolk County (/ˈnɔːrfək/ NOR-fək) is located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was around 725,981. Its county seat is Dedham. The county was named after the English county of the same name. Two towns, Cohasset and Brookline, are exclaves. Norfolk County is included in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area. Norfolk County is the 24th highest-income county in the United States with a median household income of $107,361. It is the wealthiest county in Massachusetts.
Stafford Beer
Anthony Stafford Beer (25 September 1926 – 23 August 2002) was a British theorist, consultant and professor at Manchester Business School. He is known for his work in the fields of operational research and management cybernetics, and for his heuristic in systems thinking, "the purpose of a system is what it does."

Alliance Manchester Business School
Alliance Manchester Business School (Alliance MBS) is the business school of the University of Manchester in Manchester, England. It is one of the oldest business schools in the UK, and provides education to undergraduates, postgraduates and executives.

According to the Financial Times 2018 Global MBA Rankings, its MBA programme is ranked 10th in Europe, 36th in the world and 4th in the UK. Its "MSc Business Analytics" programme ranked 6th in the world and 2nd in the UK; "MSc International Business and Management" 20th and "MSc Finance" 18th, as per the QS World University Ranking 2018.

It includes departments both from the former Victoria University of Manchester's Faculty of Business Administration, and from UMIST.
The Killer Is Loose
The Killer Is Loose is a 1956 American crime film directed by Budd Boetticher and starring Joseph Cotten, Rhonda Fleming and Wendell Corey. An independent production, it was released by United Artists. It is based on a 1953 novelette published in The Saturday Evening Post, written by John and Ward Hawkins.

Ward Hawkins
Ward Hawkins (29 December 1912 – 22 December 1990) was an American author, who wrote from the 1940s through the 1980s. His later works seem to have been science fiction, but earlier he wrote serial stories for the Saturday Evening Post in the 1940s and 1950s. He often wrote with his brother John Hawkins, and the University of Oregon has a collection of their manuscripts. In the 1960s, the brothers were writing for television, notably as staff writers for Bonanza, and in the 1970s, John Hawkins was a producer and writer for Little House on the Prairie, while Ward was Story Editor and also contributed many teleplays for the program.
EuroLeague Playoffs and Play-in MVP
The EuroLeague Playoffs MVP and EuroLeague Play-in MVP are annual awards that were given out by the top-tier level European-wide men's professional club basketball league, the EuroLeague. These awards were introduced in the 2024–25 season as part of a revised awards structure designed to better recognize individual performances in distinct phases of the competition.

The Play-In MVP honors the most outstanding player in the Play-In Showdown, a mini-tournament that determines the final playoff spots. The Playoffs MVP is awarded to the best performer across the playoff quarterfinal series.

European professional club basketball system
Professional men's basketball clubs in Europe can compete in a number of different competitions, including national leagues, regional (multi-national) leagues, and continental competitions. It is therefore possible for clubs from some countries to take part in several levels of competition in the same season. Clubs usually qualify for European competitions through performance in their national or regional leagues, with the exception of wild cards.
Clifford Olson
Clifford Robert Olson Jr. (January 1, 1940 – September 30, 2011) was a Canadian convicted serial killer who confessed to murdering 11 children, aged between 9 and 18, in the early 1980s.

In 1976, Olson was serving a sentence for his crimes as a con artist. He had obtained favourable terms for himself by acting as an informant against a cellmate, even coaxing him into a written confession. However, Olson said it was discussions with his cellmate that led to his sexual interest in children and murderous intents.

Old Age Security
The Old Age Security (OAS, French: Sécurité de la vieillesse) program is a universal retirement pension available to most residents and citizens of Canada who have reached 65 years old. This pension is supplemented by the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), which is added to the monthly OAS payment for seniors with lower incomes. Some low-income spouses and survivors of OAS recipients are eligible to receive an income-tested allowance while they are aged 60 to 64.
Maenianum
A maenianum was a balcony or gallery for spectators at a public show in ancient Rome. The name was originally given by censor Gaius Maenius in 318 BC to the decorated gallery in the Forum Romanum, where spectators watched gladiatorial combats.

The maenianum was divided into several levels: maenianum primum, which was reserved for the non-senatorial noble class called the equites. The maenianum secundum, which featured the better, lower seats for the wealthy plebeians; and maenianum summum with the upper seats for the poor plebeians.

Balcony
A balcony (from Italian: balcone, "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor. They are commonly found on multi-level houses, apartments, and cruise ships.
Vilsonovo Šetalište
Vilsonovo Šetalište (transl. Wilson's Promenade / Wilson's Lane) is a promenade in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an important street for the city, however, in the afternoon hours and during weekend the traffic restriction is in force, and the promenade becomes a recreational area. The lane also bears a historical significance. It was conceived during the Austro-Hungarian era.

Wilson's Promenade was named after the former president of the United States, Woodrow Wilson. There are 480 linden and chestnut trees. An important feature is the Miljacka river, which runs along the promenade. The lane is frequently visited not just by people living to its close proximity, but also by people from all over the city as well as tourists.

Chestnut
Chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Desert Strike (EP)
Desert Strike is the third extended play of Kuwait musician Fatima Al Qadiri. The record is based on Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf (1992), a video game that in turn is based on events of Operation Desert Storm of the Gulf War. As a kid who lived in Kuwait during the Gulf War, Qadiri played the game a year after it took place, which messed with how she remembered experiencing the actual war. Given how dark the game portrayed the Gulf War, she intended the extended play to represent a positive and "innocent" view of it by pairing a palette of childlike sounds with war sound effects. Released on 23 October 2012 by the label Fade To Mind, Desert Strike garnered generally favorable reviews from professional music journalists and landed on Spin magazine's list of the "Best Dance Albums of 2012."

Sophia Al Maria
Sophia Al Maria (Arabic: صافية المرية; born 1983) is an artist, writer, and filmmaker. Her work has been exhibited at the Gwangju Biennale, the New Museum and Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Venice Biennale and the Tate Britain in London. Her writing has appeared in Harper's Magazine, Five Dials, Triple Canopy, and she is a contributing editor at Bidoun.

She has coined and developed the concept of 'Gulf Futurism', which is intended to capture the amalgamation of Western cultural influences and rapid modernization in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.

Her memoir The Girl Who Fell To Earth was published by Harper Perennial on November 27, 2012.
Lanao del Norte's 1st congressional district
Lanao del Norte's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the province of Lanao del Norte that has been used in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district's boundaries have been redrawn twice, originally consisting of seven municipalities and one city lining the coast of Iligan Bay in 1987, then losing the highly-urbanized city of Iligan to its own separate district in October 2009, and finally with eleven municipalities including its capital, Tubod, since the second reapportionment in November 2009. The district is represented in the 20th Congress by Imelda Dimaporo of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP).

20th Congress of the Philippines
The 20th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikadalawampung Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, is the current meeting of Congress convened on July 28, 2025. The 20th Congress is the meeting during the last three years of Bongbong Marcos's presidency, and will end on June 7, 2028. The convening of the 20th Congress followed the 2025 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives continues to meet in the Batasang Pambansa Complex. The Senate will remain meeting in the GSIS Building before transferring to the New Senate Building in Taguig by 2028.
Dakota Prukop
Dakota Prukop (born October 17, 1993) is an American former professional football quarterback and coach. He played college football for Montana State from 2013 to 2015 and for Oregon in 2016. Prukop was a member of the Toronto Argonauts, Calgary Stampeders, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, New Jersey Generals, BC Lions, and Edmonton Elks.

Oregon Ducks football
The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Big Ten Conference (B1G). Though now known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s.

The program first fielded a football team in 1894. Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene. The program has been one of the most successful programs in college football since the 2000s. Oregon has been known in recent years for their creative uniforms, helmets, and logo designs, facilitated by a close partnership with Nike, which was founded in Eugene, Oregon by then-student Phil Knight and his track coach, Bill Bowerman.
Ferry Sonneville
Ferdinand Alexander "Ferry" Sonneville (3 January 1931 – 20 November 2003) was an Indonesian badminton player noted for his touch, consistency, tactical astuteness, and coolness under pressure. He won numerous international singles titles from the mid-1950s through the early 1960s and his clutch performances helped Indonesia to win its first three Thomas Cup (men's world team) titles consecutively in  1958, 1961, and 1964, setting the pattern for his country's continued formidable presence in world badminton. Sonneville's playing career ended on a sour note in the 1967 Thomas Cup final in Jakarta when, past his prime, he was roundly booed by his countrymen after dropping singles matches in Indonesia's controversial loss to Malaysia.

After his high-level playing days ended, Sonneville was elected to terms as both president of the International Badminton Federation (now World Badminton Federation) and president of the Badminton Association of Indonesia (PBSI).

Malaysia national badminton team
The Malaysia national badminton team (Malay: Pasukan badminton kebangsaan Malaysia) is a badminton team that plays for Malaysia in international competitions. The men's team has won the Thomas Cup five times, most recently in 1992 and became runner-up nine times. In the Uber Cup competition, the women's team with the best results in 1975, 2004, 2008 and 2010 edition making it to the quarter-finals. Malaysia competed in the Sudirman Cup since 1989 with the best result in 2009, 2021 and 2023, placed third.
Anthony Hill (rugby union)
Anthony Hill (born 12 February 1973) is a former Australian professional rugby union player. He was a journeyman in France's rugby Top 14 and played for several clubs, including RC Narbonne, Pau and Béziers. From 2008-10 he was general manager for Rugby Nice Côte d'Azur Université-Racing, moving in May 2010 to Stade Français, in charge of the club's recruitment.

Rugby union in France
Rugby union is a popular team sport in France. France has the second-largest proportion of rugby union supporters in Europe with 42% of the people liking the sport.

Rugby union was first introduced in the early 1870s by British residents, which makes the country one of the few early exponents of the sport. Elite French clubs participate in the professional domestic club league, the Top 14. Clubs also compete in the European knock-out competition, the European Rugby Champions Cup, which replaced the Heineken Cup from 2014 to 2015.

The national side competes annually in the Six Nations Championship, last winning the competition in 2025. France has participated in every Rugby World Cup since its inception in 1987, and has been a runner-up on three occasions. France also hosted the 2007 Rugby World Cup and hosted it again in 2023.
Clans of Baganda
Every Muganda person must belong to one of more than 52 clans of Baganda. A Muganda is therefore expected to know his or her paternal clan (and Totem) as well has his or her maternal clan. As part of one's formal introduction or greeting (especially at traditional ceremonies), one must be able to say their last name (surname), their father's surname, their paternal grandfather's name, their mother's clan, their clan Totem and clan motto or slogan (Omubala) and finally their lineage in terms of the Akasolya, Ssiga, Mutuba, Lunyiriri and Nnyumba or Nju (House). This is generally called okutambula ng'Omuganda ("narrating  your lineage Luganda).

Lungfish
Lungfish, also known as dipnoans, are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the class Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for their innovative respiratory system, including the ability to breathe air, and derived structures within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish represent the closest living relatives of the tetrapods (which includes living amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). The mouths of lungfish typically bear tooth plates, which are used to crush hard shelled organisms.

Today there are only six known species of lungfish, living in Africa, South America, and Australia, though they were formerly globally distributed. The fossil record of the group extends into the Early Devonian, over 410 million years ago. The earliest known members of the group were marine, while almost all post-Carboniferous representatives inhabit freshwater environments.
Swaddling
Swaddling is an ancient practice of wrapping infants in blankets or similar cloths so that movement of the limbs is tightly restricted. Swaddling bands were often used to further restrict the infant. Swaddling fell out of favour in the 17th century.

A few authors are said to be of the opinion that swaddling is becoming popular again, although medical and psychological opinion on the effects of swaddling is largely against. Some modern medical studies indicate that swaddling helps babies to be relaxed, not get tired due to loss of energy through limb movement, fall asleep, remain asleep, and to be kept in a supine position for lowering the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, another study indicated that swaddling increased the risk of SIDS. Additionally, emerging evidence is showing that certain swaddling techniques may increase the risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Supine position
The supine position (/ˈsuːpaɪn/) means lying horizontally, with the face and torso facing up, as opposed to the prone position, which is face down. When used in surgical procedures, it grants access to the peritoneal, thoracic, and pericardial regions; as well as the head, neck, and extremities.

Using anatomical terms of location, the dorsal side is down, and the ventral side is up, when supine.
Bowringia
Bowringia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family (Fabaceae), found in tropical Africa and southeastern Asia. It includes four species native to western and central Africa and Madagascar, and to Borneo, Indochina, and southern China.

Bowringia belongs to subfamily Faboideae. The genus was traditionally assigned to the tribe Sophoreae; however, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses reassigned Bowringia to the Baphieae tribe. It was named after Sir John Bowring and his son, J. C. Bowring for their botanical work in China.

John Bowring
Sir John Bowring, or Phrayā Siam Mānukūlakicca Siammitra Mahāyaśa (17 October 1792 – 23 November 1872) was a British political economist, traveller, writer, literary translator, polyglot and the fourth Governor of Hong Kong. He was appointed by Queen Victoria as emissary to Siam, later he was appointed by King Mongkut of Siam as ambassador to London, also making a treaty of amity with Siam on 18 April 1855, now referred to as the "Bowring Treaty". His namesake treaty was fully effective for 70 years, until the reign of Vajiravudh. This treaty was gradually edited and became completely ineffective in 1938 under the government of Plaek Phibunsongkhram. Later, he was sent as a commissioner of Britain to the newly created Kingdom of Italy in 1861. He died in Claremont in Devon on 23 November 1872.
Yumenerpeton
Yumenerpeton is an extinct genus of bystrowianid chroniosuchian discovered in the Qingtoushan Formation in Yumen City, Gansu Province, China.

Yumenerpeton is known from two specimens, GS-DSK-16, the holotype specimen, consisting of a near complete sacral vertebrae with a dermal scute, and GS-DSK-17, a pair of articulated dorsal vertebrae with scutes. The holotype specimen is notable in that it consists of, to date, the only known preserved sacral vertebrae of a bystrowianid (2017). The discovery of Yumenerpeton is significant evidence for the presence of chroniosuchians being present as early as the Middle Permian in China, as well as displaying features such as pectinate scutes previously unknown to exist in bystrowianids.

The genus is possessed of a single species, Yumenerpeton yangi. The species name honors the vertebrate paleontologist Yang Zhongjian.

Yumen City
Yumen (simplified Chinese: 玉门; traditional Chinese: 玉門; pinyin: Yùmén, literally, "Jade Gate") is a city in western Gansu province, China. It is a county-level city with a population of 106,812 (2002 est.), and is part of Jiuquan "prefecture-level city" (a multi-county administrative unit). It is located on the Silk Road and is best known for its oil production.

The city's name is often confused with the Yumen Guan or Jade Gate which is the frontier-pass of ancient times, the entrance to the old Silk Roads, which was situated not far to the west of Dunhuang. Although both Yumen City and Yumen Gate are within Jiuquan, the latter is some 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the west from the former.
Anterolateral corticospinal tract
Anterolateral corticospinal tract is a subdivision of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. It is formed by approximately 2% of the corticospinal fibers that do not cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends in the lateral white column anterior to the lateral corticospinal tract.

Medullary pyramids (brainstem)
In neuroanatomy, the medullary pyramids are paired white matter structures of the brainstem's medulla oblongata that contain motor fibers of the corticospinal and corticobulbar  tracts – known together as the pyramidal tracts. The lower limit of the pyramids is marked when the fibers cross (decussate).