hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silene nuda
Silene nuda is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names western fringed catchfly and sticky catchfly.

It is native to the Sierra Nevada and Modoc Plateau of California, its distribution extending into Oregon and Nevada. It grows in forest, woodland, and scrub habitat, sometimes in saline soils.

Silene nuda is a perennial herb growing from a thick, woody caudex and taproot, sending up one or more upright stems up to 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) tall.

The largest leaves are located in tufts around the caudex, each measuring up to 15 centimeters long by 3 wide. Smaller leaves occur higher up the stem.

Each flower is encapsulated in a hairy, veined calyx of fused sepals. The five long petals are pink and each has two lobes at the tip.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
DEFG-class minesweeper
The DEFG class was a class of ten minesweepers. Officially classed as auxiliary minesweepers, these ships made up the bulk of the Dutch minesweeper capabilities in the Dutch East Indies. Derived from the preceding ABC class, they were constructed with future Government Navy usage in mind where they would most likely be used as patrol boats and small personnel and cargo transports.

Government Navy
The Government Navy (Dutch: Gouvernements Marine or Gouvernementsmarine, GM) was a Dutch naval force in the former Dutch East Indies and Dutch New Guinea between 1861 and 1962. It succeeded the Civil Colonial Navy (Burgerlijke Koloniale Marine) of 1815 and existed alongside the Indies Military Navy (Indische Militaire Marine) until 1930, when the latter was disbanded and the Government Navy was militarized between 1939 and 1941.

After the Pacific War and the Indonesian National Revolution that followed, the GM existed until the handover of Dutch New Guinea to the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority at the conclusion of the West New Guinea dispute between the Netherlands and Indonesia. Operating in a civil-administrative role alongside the Royal Netherlands Navy, the Government Navy had been primarily concerned with tasks such as policing and transport.
Joachim Brudziński
Joachim Stanisław Brudziński (born 4 February 1968 in Świerklaniec) is a Polish conservative politician. He was elected (first time) to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 14,731 votes in 41 Szczecin district as a candidate from the Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) list. Brudziński graduated from the political sciences faculty of the University of Szczecin. Sailor, journalist and PhD student of the University of Poznań. Presently president of executive committee (earlier secretary general) of the ruling party Law and Justice, he is well known for his "down to earth" and family oriented perspectives of global politics.

In 2018, Brudziński joined the Polish cabinet as the Minister of the Interior after Mariusz Błaszczak, the previous Interior Minister, became the Minister of National Defence. He is a Member of the European Parliament.

In 2020, Brudziński tweeted that "Poland is the most beautiful without LGBTs".

Brudziński is married with two daughters and a son.

University of Szczecin
The University of Szczecin (Polish: Uniwersytet Szczeciński) is a public university in Szczecin, western Poland. It is the biggest university in West Pomerania, with 33,267 students and a staff of  1,900. It is also abbreviated as USZ or USz.
Audio-visual speech recognition
Audio visual speech recognition (AVSR) is a technique that uses image processing capabilities in lip reading to aid speech recognition systems in recognizing indeterministic phones or giving preponderance among near probability decisions.

Each system of lip reading and speech recognition works separately, then their results are mixed at the stage of feature fusion. As the name suggests, it has two parts. First one is the audio part and second one is the visual part. In audio part we use features like log mel spectrogram, mfcc etc. from the raw audio samples and we build a model to get feature vector out of it . For visual part generally we use some variant of convolutional neural network to compress the image to a feature vector after that we concatenate these two vectors (audio and visual ) and try to predict the target object.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Salim Mehmud
Salim Mehmud, also known as Salim Mehmood, is a Pakistani rocket scientist and nuclear engineer. Mehmud worked in the Apollo Program for NASA. He is a former chairman of Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO). He also served as chief scientist at the Defence Science and Technology Organization.

GNN (Pakistani TV channel)
GNN News HD, commonly known as GNN, is a 24-hour news and current affairs channel based in Lahore, Pakistan. It is owned and operated by Gourmet Foods.

The channel was originally launched in 2005 as CNBC Pakistan under a license from CNBC Asia Pacific. It was then owned by Vision Network Television Limited. In 2015, it was relaunched as Jaag TV. In 2018, it was again relaunched with a new name, GNN.
Sean Sullivan (naval officer)
Sean Patrick Sullivan (born November 30, 1958) is an American lawyer, politician, a retired submarine commander and was commanding officer of the Naval Submarine Base New London. He was the Republican candidate for the United States Congress in Connecticut's 2nd congressional district in 2008.

Commander (United States)
In the United States, commander is a military rank (O-5) that is also sometimes used as a military billet title—the designation of someone who manages living quarters or a base—depending on the branch of service. It is also used as a rank or title in non-military organizations, particularly in law enforcement.
Tetraxylopteris
Tetraxylopteris is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Middle to Upper Devonian (around 390 to 360 million years ago). Fossils were first found in New York State, USA. A second species was later found in Venezuela.

Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem; both of these are part of the vascular bundle. The basic function of the xylem is to transport water upward from the roots to parts of the plants such as stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. The word xylem is derived from the Ancient Greek word ξύλον (xúlon), meaning "wood"; the best-known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout a plant. The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858.
Long Live Nut
Long Live Nut is the debut EP by American rapper YFN Lucci. It was released on April 4, 2017, by Think It's A Game Records and Empire Distribution. It features guest appearances from Rick Ross, Boosie Badazz, Lil Durk, PnB Rock, Dreezy, and YFN Trae Pound.

Dreezy
Seandrea Sledge (born March 28, 1994), better known by her stage name Dreezy, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. She signed with Interscope Records in 2014 where she released the studio albums No Hard Feelings (2016) and Big Dreez (2019). In 2020, she split from the label and released Hitgirl (2022), a collaboration album with Hit-Boy.
Bill Walsh (footballer)
William Walsh (4 December 1923 – 28 July 2014), known as Bill or Billy Walsh, was an English footballer who made 145 appearances in the Football League playing as a centre half for Sunderland, Northampton Town and Darlington.

Walsh began his career in non-league football with Horden Colliery Welfare, and made his competitive debut for Sunderland on 11 September 1946 against Charlton Athletic in a 5–0 defeat at The Valley. Overall, he went on to make 98 First Division appearances and scored one goal for the club in a career spanning from 1946 to 1953. He spent one season each with Northampton Town and Darlington, before emigrating to Australia in 1956, where he played for Hakoah.

Walsh was born in Horden, County Durham, and died in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.

Horden Community Welfare F.C.
Horden Community Welfare Football Club is a football club based in Horden, County Durham, England. The club was formed as Horden Athletic in 1907, changing its name to Horden Welfare in 1928, and joined the North Eastern League in 1935, reaching the second round of the FA Cup in the 1938–39 season. After the assets of the original Colliery Welfare were transferred to a new club in Darlington in 2016, Community Welfare was formed in 2017 and has regained the former club's place in the Northern League.

They are currently members of the Northern League Division One and play at Welfare Park in Horden. The ground has one stand, which consists of mainly seating, however below this there is some terracing as well.
1929 Kollaa
1929 Kollaa, provisional designation 1939 BS, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, on 20 January 1939. The asteroid was named after the Kollaa River in what is now Russia.

Iso-Heikkilä Observatory
Iso-Heikkilä Observatory (Finnish: Iso-Heikkilän tähtitorni, Swedish: Storheikkilä observatorium) is an amateur astronomical observatory used by a local amateur astronomical association, Turun Ursa ry in the Iso-Heikkilä district of Turku, Finland.

Referred to as Turku Observatory (062) by the Minor Planet Center, it was previously operated by the University of Turku from 1937 to 1972, and is the observatory where several Finnish discoverers of minor planets made their observations.
Mawaqif
Mawaqif (also variously spelled Mawakif; "Positions" in English) was a cultural magazine founded in Beirut in 1968 by Adunis. It ran until 1994. Among its editors were Khalida Said, Hisham Sharabi, Halim Barakat, Elias Khoury, Kamal Boullata, and Edward Said.

Halim Barakat
Halim Barakat (Arabic: حليم بركات December 4, 1931 - June 22, 2023) was a Syrian American novelist and sociologist. He was born into a Greek-Orthodox Arab family in Kafroun, Syria, and raised in Beirut.
Shanxi Lu'an Environmental Energy
Shanxi Lu'an Environmental Energy (Chinese: 山西潞安环保能源; pinyin: Shānxī Lù'ān Huánbǎo Néngyuán) is a Chinese company engaged in the mining, processing, and distribution of coal. Chiefly, the company produces for sale coke and refined coal. The company is headquartered in Houbao, Xiangyuan County, Changzhi, Shanxi, and is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Refined coal
Refined coal is the product of coal-upgrading technology processes that remove moisture and certain pollutants from lower-rank coals such as sub-bituminous and lignite (brown) coals, raising their calorific values. Coal refining or upgrading technologies are typically pre-combustion treatments and processes that alter the characteristics of coal before it is burned. Pre-combustion coal-upgrading technologies aim to increase efficiency and reduce emissions when coal is burned. Depending on the situation, pre-combustion technology can be used in place of or as a supplement to post-combustion technologies to control emissions from coal-fueled boilers.

A primary benefit of refined coal is the capacity to reduce the net volume of carbon emissions that is currently emitted from power generators and would reduce the number of emissions that is proposed to be managed via emerging carbon sequestration methodologies. Refined coal technologies have primarily been developed in the United States.
Edmund Blampied
Edmund Blampied (30 March 1886 – 26 August 1966) was one of the most eminent artists to come from the Channel Islands, yet he received no formal training in art until he was 15 years old. He was noted mostly for his etchings and drypoints published at the height of the print boom in the 1920s during the etching revival, but was also a lithographer, caricaturist, cartoonist, book illustrator and artist in oils, watercolours, silhouettes and bronze.

Jeffery Farnol
Jeffery Farnol (10 February 1878 – 9 August 1952) was a British writer from 1907 until his death in 1952, known for writing more than 40 romance novels, often set in the Georgian Era or English Regency period, and swashbucklers. He, with Georgette Heyer, largely initiated the Regency romantic genre.
Titus Sextius Magius Lateranus (consul 94)
Titus Sextius Magius Lateranus was a Roman Senator who lived during the second half of the 1st century and first half of the 2nd century. Lateranus served as a consul ordinarius in 94 as the colleague of Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

In his monograph on Roman naming practices, Olli Salomies points out that the short form of his name was Titus Sextius Lateranus, showing he was a member of the gens Sextia. Based on the inscription CIL VI, 1518 his relatives included Titus Sextius Africanus, suffect consul in 59. The third element in his name, "Magia", may indicate his mother came from the Magii, a praetorian family.

Lateranus married the Roman noblewoman Volussia Torquata, one of the children of Quintus Volusius Saturninus and his wife Nonia Torquata. Their children included Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus, who served as a consul in 112.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Beaumont Hotel (Beaumont, Kansas)
The Beaumont Hotel is a former railroad hotel constructed in 1879 in Beaumont, Kansas. It originally opened and operated as the "Summit Hotel". It currently operates as a bed and breakfast, RV Park and restaurant.

Beginning in the 1940s, local ranchers began using Main Street (also known historically as Third Street) as a landing strip for their planes while checking on cattle herds. In 1953, the hotel underwent a major renovation and acquired 70 acres of adjoining property, which was converted into a dedicated landing strip to serve the new clientele. The hotel is a popular destination for small aircraft pilots and motorcycle rallies.

The oldest wooden water tower in the United States, the Beaumont St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad Water Tank, is located near the hotel.

Bed and breakfast
A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.

Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.
Thanneer Mathan Dinangal
Thanneer Mathan Dinangal (transl. Watermelon Days) is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language coming-of-age comedy-drama film co-written and directed by Girish A.D., and jointly produced by Jomon T. John, Shebin Backer, and Shameer Muhammed. The film stars Vineeth Sreenivasan, Mathew Thomas, Anaswara Rajan and Naslen. The music was composed by Justin Varghese. The film follows Jaison, a teenager, who has a crush on Keerthy, but she does not reciprocate his feelings. To make things worse, he gets in trouble with Ravi, the new teacher who is liked by everyone, especially Keerthy.

The film was released on 26 July 2019 and was met with a positive critical response and performed well at the box office too, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing Malayalam film of the year.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Lads' Army
Lads' Army (known in later series as Bad Lads' Army, Bad Lads' Army: Officer Class and Bad Lads' Army: Extreme) was a reality game show that constitutes a historically derived social experiment. Shown on ITV, the series is based on the premise of subjecting today's delinquent young men to the conditions of conscripts to British Army National Service of the 1950s to see if this could rehabilitate them.

The narrator for the first series was Kevin Whately, then Dennis Waterman took over until the show ended in 2006. Within each series a small number of the recruits have either walked out (after a 24-hour cooling off period), or been ejected. The majority of the remaining recruits claimed some benefit from the experience,  with some choosing to enlist in the real British Army following their time on the show.

Kevin Whately
Kevin Whately OBE (born 6 February 1951) is a British actor. He is best known for his roles as Neville "Nev" Hope in the comedy drama Auf Wiedersehen, Pet; Robert "Robbie" Lewis in the British crime dramas Inspector Morse (1987–2000) and Lewis (2006–2015); and Jack Kerruish in the drama series Peak Practice (1993–1995). He has appeared in numerous other roles.
David Bull (art restorer)
David Bull (March 5, 1934 – December 28, 2024) was an English conservator of old master paintings, and an author. He worked with the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, California, and the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Bull stepped in as director of the Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California 1980–1981, and served as visiting director at the Timken Museum of Art in San Diego in 2014–2015.

David Bull was born in Bristol, England, the son of a banker, and studied art and design at the West of England College of Art. Bull worked for the National Gallery, London, and in 1981 founded his own conservation firm, Fine Art Conservation & Restoration Inc. with his wife, the conservator Teresa Longyear. In 1984 he moved to Washington to lead the department of painting conservation at the National Gallery of Art through 1999.

Bull notably performed conservation treatment on Raphael's Madonna of the Pinks.

J. Paul Getty Museum
The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an American art museum in Los Angeles, California, housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa. It is operated by the J. Paul Getty Trust, the world's wealthiest art institution.

The Getty Center is located in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles and features pre-20th-century European paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, decorative arts, and photographs from the inception of photography through present day from all over the world. The original Getty museum, the Getty Villa, is located in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles and displays art from Ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria.
Aname lillianae
Aname lillianae is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2020 by Mark Harvey, Karl Gruber, Mia Hillyer and Joel Huey. The species epithet lillianae honours Lillian Huey, daughter of Joel Huey.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Harry S Truman State Park
Harry S Truman State Park is a public recreation area occupying 1,440 acres (580 ha) on a peninsula on Truman Lake, a 55,600-acre (22,500 ha) impoundment of the Osage River, near Warsaw, Missouri. The state park offers boating, fishing, swimming, hiking trails, and campgrounds.

Osage River
The Osage River is a 276-mile-long (444 km) tributary of the Missouri River in central Missouri in the United States. The eighth-largest river in the state, it drains a mostly rural area of 15,300 square miles (40,000 km2). The watershed includes an area of east-central Kansas and a large portion of west-central and central Missouri, where it drains northwest areas of the Ozark Plateau.

The river flows generally easterly, then northeasterly for the final 80 miles (130 km) where it joins the Missouri River. It is impounded in two major locations. Most of the river has been converted into a chain of two reservoirs, the Harry S. Truman Reservoir and the Lake of the Ozarks.
I Love Wolffy
I Love Wolffy (Chinese: 我爱灰太狼) is a 2012 Chinese animated adventure comedy film directed by Feng Zhu based on the animated television series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf. The film was released on 10 August 2012. It was followed by the 2013 film I Love Wolffy 2.

Chinese animation
Chinese animation or Chinese anime refers to animation made in China. In Chinese, donghua (simplified Chinese: 动画; traditional Chinese: 動畫; pinyin: dònghuà; lit. 'moving picture') describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. However, outside of China and in English, donghua is colloquial for Chinese animation and refers specifically to animation produced in China.