hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Istituto Italiano Statale Comprensivo di Barcellona
Istituto Italiano Statale Comprensivo di Barcellona or the Istituto Italiano Statale Comprensivo "Edoardo Amaldi" is an Italian international school in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Owned by the Italian government, it consists of three parts: Scuole secondarie "Edoardo Amaldi", Scuola primaria "Maria Montessori" and scuola dell'infanzia riconosciuta "Maria Montessori". The school administration and liceo (senior high school/sixth form college) occupy one campus, while all other classes are in a Sarrià facility.

Edoardo Amaldi
Edoardo Amaldi (5 September 1908 – 5 December 1989) was an Italian physicist. He coined the term "neutrino" in conversations with Enrico Fermi distinguishing it from the heavier "neutron". He has been described as "one of the leading nuclear physicists of the twentieth century." He was involved in the anti-nuclear peace movement.
University of Houston Physics Department
29°43′22″N 95°20′42″W﻿ / ﻿29.722765425583646°N 95.34497757366276°W﻿ / 29.722765425583646; -95.34497757366276﻿ (University of Houston, Department of Physics)

The Department of Physics at the University of Houston is a department of the University of Houston College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics performing research traditional fields such as High Energy Physics and Condensed Matter Physics, Material Science, and Biological Physics, but also topics like Seismic and Medical Imaging.  With its physics program, the University of Houston physics department placed 60 (out of 160) in the 2010 United States National Research Council rankings.
The Department works together closely with the Texas Center for Superconductivity.

Biological Physics
Biological Physics: Energy, Information, Life: With new art by David Goodsell is a book by Philip Nelson, illustrated by David Goodsell. The fifth printing was published by W. H. Freeman in late 2013. It is a work on biology with an emphasis on the application of physical principles.
Dani Cameranesi
Danielle Cameranesi Brodzinski (born June 3, 1995) is a former American women's ice hockey forward who now works as a scout for the Minnesota Frost in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). Cameranesi last played for the Minnesota section of the PWHPA in 2021.

She is a two-time Olympic Medalist, winning gold in 2018 and silver in 2022, and a three-time IIHF World Championship Medalist (gold 2015, 2019, and silver 2021).

Minnesota Frost
The Minnesota Frost are a professional ice hockey team based in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Grand Casino Arena. In 2024, the Frost won the PWHL's inaugural Walter Cup championship. They are the current Walter Cup champions, having won championships in 2024 and 2025.
Fry v. Napoleon Community Schools
Fry v. Napoleon Community Schools, 580 U.S. 154 (2017), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986 does not command exhaustion of state-level administrative remedies codified in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) when the gravamen of the plaintiff's lawsuit is not related to the denial of free appropriate public education (FAPE).

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (in case citations, E.D. Mich.) is the federal district court with jurisdiction over the eastern half of the Lower Peninsula of the State of Michigan. The Court is based in Detroit, with courthouses also located in Ann Arbor, Bay City, Flint, and Port Huron. The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit has appellate jurisdiction over the court (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

As of July 16, 2025, the acting United States attorney is Jerome F. Gorgon, Jr.
Bharta Kalan
Bharta Kalan is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. Kalan is a Persian word for big and Khurd is a Persian word for small, when two villages have the same name they are distinguished by using Kalan or Khurd with the village name. It is located 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from Garcha, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Banga, 17.7 kilometres (11.0 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 94.6 kilometres (58.8 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Banga, India
Banga is a town and Municipal council in the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab, India. Banga is also one of the sub-division (tehsil) headquarters of the district. Banga is located on Phagwara-Rupnagar section of National Highway 344A (Earlier State Highway 18 of Punjab). It is currently estimated to have a population of about 23,000 and is classified as a class 2 Municipality. The town also incorporates the former village of Jindowal apart from Banga town.
University of the State of Pennsylvania
The institution now known as the University of Pennsylvania was founded as a secondary school in Philadelphia in 1740. By the time the American Revolution commenced, it had grown to include a college and medical school called the College of Philadelphia.

While it operated under a state charter, it was a private institution with its own board of trustees, many of whom were Loyalists, and when the revolutionary government of Pennsylvania regained control Philadelphia following the British occupation of it in 1777 and 1778,.

It rechartered the institution as the "University of the State of Pennsylvania," appointed new trustees, and dismissed Provost William Smith. In 1789, following repeated lawsuits by Smith and the original trustees, the state restored the college's charter, but the university continued to operate on the original campus. The two competing institutions merged in 1791, forming the University of Pennsylvania.

William Smith (Episcopal priest)
William Smith (September 7, 1727 – May 14, 1803) was an Episcopal priest who served as first provost of the College of Philadelphia, which became the University of Pennsylvania. He also founded Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, and St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. He later founded the borough of Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, where he was a significant land owner.
Gyöngyöstarján
Gyöngyöstarján is a village in Heves County, Hungary, beside of the Tarján creek, under the Mátra mountain ranges. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 2219 (see Demographics). The village located 7.1 km from (Nr. 85) Vámosgyörk–Gyöngyös railway line, 7.5 km from the main road 3 and 15.0 km from the M3 motorway. The closest train station with public transport in Gyöngyös.

M3 motorway (Hungary)
The M3 motorway (Hungarian: M3-as autópálya) is a Hungarian motorway connecting Budapest to Nyíregyháza. It will eventually connect Budapest to the Ukrainian border. Two other motorways branch off it, the M30 (connecting the M3 to Miskolc) and the M35 (connecting the M3 to Debrecen). The M3 follows route 3, and, later, route 4. The section of the motorway between Görbeháza and Nyíregyháza was opened to traffic in August 2007. The section of the motorway between Highway 49 and Vásárosnamény was opened to the public in 2014. The total length of the motorway now is 281 km.
Delta update
A delta update is a software update that requires the user to download only those parts of the software's  code that are new, or have been changed from their previous state, in contrast to having to download the entire  program. The use of delta updates can save significant amounts of time and computing bandwidth. The name "delta" derives from the mathematical science use of the Greek letter delta, Δ or δ to denote change.

Delta (letter)
Delta (/ˈdɛltə/ ⓘ DEL-tə; uppercase Δ, lowercase δ; Greek: δέλτα, délta, [ˈðelta]) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of four. It was derived from the Phoenician letter dalet 𐤃. Letters that come from delta include the Latin D and the Cyrillic Д.

A river delta (originally, the delta of the Nile River) is named so because its shape approximates the triangular uppercase letter delta. Contrary to a popular legend, this use of the word delta was not coined by Herodotus.
David Elliot (actor)
David Elliot (born 27 July 1981) is a Scottish actor best known for his role as Mark Wright in the film Kajaki in which he was awarded the best actor accolade at the 2015 British Academy Scotland Awards. He has also appeared in The Inland Road (2016), Clique (2017) , Bulletproof (2018), The Cry (2018), The Liberator (2020), Crime (2023) and Vigil (2023).

The Liberator (miniseries)
The Liberator is an American adult animated war drama television mini-series created and written by Jeb Stuart. It is based on the book The Liberator: One World War II Soldier’s 500-Day Odyssey by Alex Kershaw.

Directed by Greg Jonkajtys, the miniseries was released on November 11, 2020, on Netflix.
Guillermo Kalbreyer
Wilhelm (Guillermo) Kalbreyer (1847–1912) was a German plant collector who was sent by James Veitch & Sons of Chelsea, London to collect new plants in West Africa and South America.

According to Hortus Veitchii, the Veitch family history:

Guillermo Kalbreyer, a promising young man, twenty-nine years of age, entered Messrs. Veitch's service as a plant-collector in 1876, and his first trip was to the West Coast of Africa in search of tropical flowering and foliage plants, very popular at that time.

Odontoglossum
Odontoglossum, first named in 1816 by Karl Sigismund Kunth, is a formerly accepted genus of orchids that is now regarded as a synonym of Oncidium. Several hundred species have previously been placed in Odontoglossum. The scientific name of the genus is derived from the Greek words odon (tooth) and glossa (tongue), referring to the two tooth-like calluses on the base of the lip. Species formerly placed in this genus are cool to cold growing orchids to be found on open spots in the humid cloud forest at higher elevations from Central- and West South America to Guyana, with most species around the northern Andes. The abbreviation for this genus is Odm. in the horticultural trade. Many of the species formerly placed in the genus are in great demand with orchid lovers because of their spectacular and flamboyant flowers.
Newfield, Bishop Auckland
Newfield is a village and former civil parish in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated to the south of Willington, near Bishop Auckland. In the 2001 census Newfield had a population of 368.

County Durham (district)
County Durham is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is governed by Durham County Council. The district has an area of 2,226 square kilometres (859 sq mi), and contains 135 civil parishes. It forms part of the larger ceremonial county of Durham, together with boroughs of Darlington, Hartlepool, and the part of Stockton-on-Tees north of the River Tees.
Tianjin–Shanhaiguan railway
The Tianjin–Shanhaiguan railway or Jinshan railway is a railway line in China between Tianjin and Shanhaiguan. The line is 303 km long and starts serves Tianjin, Tanggu, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan railway stations. The railway was originally part of the Beijing–Harbin railway but was renamed when the Beijing–Harbin railway was merged with the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway.

Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao
Shanhaiguan District is a district of the city of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China, named after the pass of the Great Wall within the district, Shanhai Pass. It is located 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) east of the city centre.
Melanoplus franciscanus
Melanoplus franciscanus, the San Francisco short-wing grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in the American Southwest, in the Guadalupe Mountains of Texas and from the San Mateo Mountains of New Mexico to the San Francisco Peaks of Arizona.
.

Acrididae
Acrididae are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers"), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.
James F. Randolph
James Fitz Randolph (June 26, 1791 – January 25, 1872) was a United States representative from New Jersey. He was also the father of Theodore Fitz Randolph.  Born in Middlesex County, New Jersey, he received a limited schooling.

Randolph learned the printing trade and edited the New Brunswick Fredonian 1812–1842. He served as the United States collector of internal revenue 1815-1846 and clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. He was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1823 and 1824.

Randolph was elected as an Adams candidate to the Twentieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George Holcombe. He was reelected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses and served in office from December 1, 1828, to March 3, 1833. After Congress, he served as president of a bank in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He died in Easton, Pennsylvania in 1872 and was buried in Easton Cemetery.

Printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century. Printing by pressing an inked image onto paper (using woodblock printing) appeared later that century. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
Tell Her About It
"Tell Her About It" is a song written and performed by Billy Joel from his album An Innocent Man (1983), released as the album's first single in July 1983. In the song, the singer exhorts a young man to tell the woman he loves how he feels about her before he misses his chance. It hit the number-one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week on September 24, 1983, replacing "Maniac" by Michael Sembello. The single was certified Platinum by the RIAA for US sales of over 1,000,000 units.

A "special version" mixed by John "Jellybean" Benitez was also released as a 12-inch maxi single. The cover art varied depending on the country of release. The remixed version was longer, approximately five-and-a-half minutes. The B-side featured Joel's song "Easy Money" from the same album, and a live recording of the song "You Got Me Hummin'" written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter.

Michael Sembello
Michael Andrew Sembello (born April 17, 1954) is an American singer, guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter, composer and producer.

He was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for his 1983 song "Maniac", which he sang and co-wrote. The song reached number one in the United States and featured in the Flashdance film soundtrack.
Hey Jupiter
"Hey Jupiter" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos. It was released as the fourth single from her third studio album, Boys for Pele (1996), and was her first extended play (EP) since Crucify in 1992. The US EP Hey Jupiter features a re-recorded version of "Hey Jupiter" followed by four live tracks recorded during her Dew Drop Inn Tour of 1996. The song is also featured on the double A-side CD singles released in the UK and Australia.

Live versions can be found on the US "Bliss" single in 1999, the London show of her The Original Bootlegs series (2005), and the 27 shows part of the Legs and Boots series, released over 2007 and 2008. The music video is on the collection Fade to Red and was released in 2006.

The Original Bootlegs
The Original Bootlegs is a series of six live albums by Tori Amos, recorded during the Original Sinsuality and Summer of Sin tours, both of which were in support of her 2005 album, The Beekeeper. Two-disc sets were released for each complete show, which were released in three waves of two albums each. On December 6, 2005, a cardboard-housed compilation of all six concerts was released, titled The Original Bootlegs. The albums' cover art is minimal, with artwork featuring animal silhouettes, following the theme of The Beekeeper, which places songs into different metaphorical gardens.

Amos later released a similar series of recordings from her subsequent American Doll Posse Tour, titled Legs and Boots.
Tianmu, Tianjin
Tianmu Town (simplified Chinese: 天穆镇; traditional Chinese: 天穆鎮; pinyin: Tiānmù Zhèn) is a town located in the southern end of Beichen District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Guoyuanxincun Subdistrict and Beicang Town to its north, Xiaodian Town to its northeast, Yixingbu Town and Pudong Subdistrict to its east, Xinkaihe and Tiedonglu Subdistricts to its southeast, Xianyangbeilu and Dingzigu Subdistricts to its southwest, Jiarongli and Shuanghuancun Subdistricts to its west, as well as Ruijing Subdistrict to its northwest. The town also has two exclaves on the east and south of Jiarongli Subdistrict. It has a total population of 116,084 in the 2010 census.

The name "Tianmu" came from a combination of two former villages: Tianqi and Mujia.

Xinkaihe Subdistrict
Xinkaihe Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 新开河街道; traditional Chinese: 新開河街道; pinyin: Xīnkāihé Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on northwestern Hebei District, Tianjin, China. It is situated to the southeast of Tianmu Town, southwest of Tiedong Road Subdistrict, north of Hongshunli and Santiaoshi Subdistricts, and east of Xigu and Dingzigu Subdistricts. It was home to 82,661 as of 2010.

The subdistrict was named after Xinkai (Chinese: 新开; lit. 'New Open') River that is located on its southeast.
Luntz
Luntz is a German or Yiddish surname, a variant of Lunz. Notable people with the surname include:

Édouard Luntz (1931–2009), French film director

Frank Luntz (born 1962), American political consultant and pollster

Harold Luntz (1937–2025), Australian law professor

Édouard Luntz
Édouard Luntz (8 August 1931 – 26 February 2009) was a French film director. He directed nine films between 1959 and 1973. His 1966 film Les coeurs verts was entered into the 16th Berlin International Film Festival and his 1970 film Le dernier saut was entered into the 1970 Cannes Film Festival.
Robert H. Hewsen
Robert H. Hewsen (born Hewsenian; May 20, 1934 – November 17, 2018) was an American historian and professor of history at Rowan University. He was an expert on the ancient history of the South Caucasus. Hewsen is the author of Armenia: A Historical Atlas (2001), a major reference book, acclaimed as an important achievement in Armenian studies.

Rowan University
Rowan University is a public research university in Glassboro, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1923 as Glassboro Normal School on a 25-acre (10 ha) site donated by 107 residents, the school was known as Glassboro State College from 1958 until 1992 and Rowan College of New Jersey from 1992 to 1997. It also operates a medical campus in Stratford, and medical and academic campuses in Camden.

The university includes 14 colleges and schools with a total enrollment (undergraduate, graduate, and professional studies) of just over 19,600 students. Rowan offers bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degree programs. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Sesostri re di Egitto
Sesostri re di Egitto (IAB 13) (Sesostris, King of Egypt) is a three-act melodramma/opera composed by Italian composer Antonio Maria Bononcini in 1716, composed for seven voices and a seven-instrument orchestra. The Italian language libretto, written by Apostolo Zeno and Pietro Pariati, was published the same year in Milan by publisher Marc'Antonio Pandolfo Malatesta. The work premiered at the Teatro Regio Ducale on February 2, 1716. The opera is dedicated to Prince Eugene of Savoy and Piedmont, and tells the story about the mythical king Sesostris of Egypt.

The original manuscript is currently being held at the Saxon State Library in Dresden, Germany. There is currently no contemporary recording or performance of the work.

Sesostris
Sesostris (Ancient Greek: Σέσωστρις) is the name of a king of ancient Egypt who, according to Herodotus, led a military expedition into parts of Europe. Tales of Sesostris are probably based on the life of Senusret I, Senusret III and perhaps other Pharaohs such as Shoshenq I and Ramesses II.

Sesostris' name is also given as Sesoösis or Sesonchosis in other sources.
Bill Richardson (runner)
William Hord Richardson (December 25, 1903 – December 28, 1969) was an American middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

Competing for the Stanford Cardinal track and field team, Richardson finished runner-up in the 800 m at the 1925 NCAA Track and Field Championships.

Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The competition was held from Sunday, July 6, 1924, to Tuesday, July 8, 1924. As with all other races the track was 500 metres in circumference. Fifty middle distance runners from 24 nations competed.

The event was won by Douglas Lowe of Great Britain. It was the second of four consecutive British victories in the event, and the third overall 800 metres title for Great Britain. Lowe would successfully defend his title four years later, the first man to repeat in the 800 metres. Paul Martin's silver was Switzerland's first medal in the 800 metres.
August Gil Matamala
August Gil i Matamala (born 19 September 1934, Barcelona) is a Catalan human rights lawyer noted for defending political dissidents, trade unionists and pro-independence activists from the Franco era to the present. A prominent labour lawyer before the Tribunal de Orden Público, he later represented Catalan and Basque activists, including those detained in Operation Garzón. He served as president of the Association of European Democratic Lawyers and has been active in left-wing political initiatives. His honours include the Creu de Sant Jordi (2007), the Lluís Companys Memorial Award (2013) and Barcelona’s Gold Medal of Civic Merit (2019).

Dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union (and later Russia), North Korea, China, Turkmenistan and the Middle East. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech.