hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 Tour of Utah
The 2014 Larry H. Miller Tour of Utah was the eleventh edition of the Tour of Utah, a seven-stage professional cycling race which took place from August 4–10, 2014. It covered 753.8 miles (1,213.1 kilometres), and 57,863 feet (17,637 metres) of total climbing. 16 men's professional cycling teams competed in the 2014 edition, with 6 of these teams also being featured in the 2014 Tour de France, with riders representing 24 different countries. For the second year in succession, the race was won by Tom Danielson of the Garmin–Sharp squad.

Panguitch, Utah
Panguitch (/ˈpæŋɡwɪtʃ/ PANG-gwitch) is a city in and the county seat of Garfield County, Utah, United States. The population was 1,725 at the 2020 census. The name Panguitch comes from a Southern Paiute word meaning “Big Fish,” likely named after the plentiful nearby lakes hosting rainbow trout year-round.
United States constitutional sentencing law
The United States Constitution contains several provisions related to criminal sentencing.

The Excessive Fines Clause and the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit certain disproportionate sentences. Further, the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause prohibits the imposition of the death penalty for certain crimes, for certain classes of defendants, and in the absence of certain procedures. The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits increasing the maximum authorized sentence for an offense based on a fact not found by a jury. Mandatory minimums based on judicial fact-finding are not prohibited. The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits multiple punishments for the same offense. The test of Blockburger v. United States (1932) is whether each crime contains an element that the other does not.

Cruel and unusual punishment
"Cruel and unusual punishment"  is a phrase in common law describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to the sanction.  The precise definition varies by jurisdiction, but typically includes punishments that are arbitrary, unnecessary, or overly severe compared to the crime.
Jennifer Hastie
Jennifer E. Hastie is a British physicist specialising in the design of lasers, including Raman lasers based on synthetic diamond crystals, and vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-lasers. She is a professor of physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she directs the Institute of Photonics.

Raman laser
A Raman laser is a specific type of laser in which the fundamental light-amplification mechanism is stimulated Raman scattering. In contrast, most "conventional" lasers (such as the ruby laser) rely on stimulated electronic transitions to amplify light.
Men Without Names
Men Without Names is a 1935 American crime film directed by Ralph Murphy and written by Kubec Glasmon and Howard J. Green. The film stars Fred MacMurray, Madge Evans, David Holt, Lynne Overman, Elizabeth Patterson, J. C. Nugent, Grant Mitchell and John Wray. The film was released on June 29, 1935, by Paramount Pictures.

Fred MacMurray
Frederick Martin MacMurray (August 30, 1908 – November 5, 1991) was an American actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films and a successful television series in a career that spanned nearly a half-century. His career as a major film leading man began in 1935, but his most renowned role was in Billy Wilder's 1944 film noir Double Indemnity. From 1959 to 1973, MacMurray appeared in numerous Disney films, including The Shaggy Dog, The Absent-Minded Professor, Follow Me, Boys!, and The Happiest Millionaire. He starred as Steve Douglas in the television series My Three Sons.
Denny Hadican
Dennis Hadican is an American retired soccer forward who played professionally in the North American Soccer League.

Hadican attended Saint Louis University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1970 to 1973.  During that time, he was part of three NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship teams.  In 1970, he scored the game-winning goal in a 1–0 win over the UCLA Bruins for the national title.  He was inducted into the Billikens Hall of Fame in 2001.
In 1974, the Seattle Sounders selected Hadican in the North American Soccer League draft.  They then traded him to the St. Louis Stars.  He played three games for the Stars in 1975.  The Stars then traded him to the Sounders in exchange for a 1976 draft pick.  In 2002, the St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame inducted Hadican.

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
The Moon Pool
The Moon Pool is a fantasy novel by American writer Abraham Merritt.  It originally appeared as two short stories in All-Story Weekly: "The Moon Pool" (1918) and its sequel, "Conquest of the Moon Pool" (1919).  These were then reworked into a novel released in 1919. The protagonist, Dr. Goodwin, would later appear in Merritt's second novel The Metal Monster (1920).

Although Merritt did not invent the "lost world" novel—he followed in the footsteps of Bulwer-Lytton, Burroughs, Conan Doyle, and others—this work extended the tradition.

Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (/ˈbʊlwər/; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, as which he selected Richard Clement Moody to found British Columbia. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.

Bulwer-Lytton's works were well known in his time. He coined famous phrases like "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", "the great unwashed", and the opening phrase (incipit) "It was a dark and stormy night." The sardonic Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, held annually from 1982 to 2024, claims to seek the "opening sentence of the worst of all possible novels".
Rocky Nyikeine
Rocky Sandners Volo Nyikeine (born 26 May 1992) is a New Caledonian international footballer for who plays as goalkeeper for Hienghène Sport and the New Caledonia national team. He played in the 2012 OFC Nations Cup.

OFC Men's Nations Cup
The OFC Men's Nations Cup, known as the OFC Nations Cup before the 2024 edition, is the primary association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), determining the continental champion of Oceania. The winning team became the champion of Oceania and until 2016 qualified for the FIFA Confederations Cup.

Historically, a very large gulf separated Australia and New Zealand from the smaller island competitors, and little attention was paid to the tournament by the rest of the football world. The 2012 OFC Nations Cup is the only edition to date not won by either New Zealand or Australia, being won by Tahiti instead and is also the only tournament to date where neither Australia (who joined AFC in 2006 and as a result didn’t participate) nor New Zealand (knocked out in the semifinals) reached the final.
Upper Yardman Scheme (Royal Navy)
The Upper Yardman Scheme had its origin in 1912, when Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg, the then First Sea Lord, initiated a scheme to allow Royal Navy ratings the chance to gain a commission at a relatively young age and so enable them to compete for promotion to the highest ranks.
Until 1931 it was known as the Mate Scheme because successful candidates were promoted to the rank of mate, but that title was very much disliked
and from 1932 onwards the scheme became known as the Upper Yardman Scheme, those successful being promoted to the rank of sub-lieutenant.

The term Upper Yardman refers to the days of sail where the smartest and bravest of seamen manned the upper yards and its adoption served to reinforce the superiority of the officer candidates to the rest of the lower-deck and suggested officer-like qualities of courage and seamanship skill.

Commission (document)
A commission is a formal document issued to appoint a named person to high office or as a commissioned officer in a territory's armed forces.  A commission constitutes documentary authority that the person named is vested with the powers of that office and is empowered to execute official acts. A commission often takes the form of letters patent.

Commissions are typically issued in the name of or signed by the head of state. In Commonwealth realms, the documentation is referred to as a King's Commission or Queen's Commission (depending on the gender of the reigning monarch). However, in Commonwealth realms other than the United Kingdom, they may be signed by the governor-general, the representative of the monarch of that realm.
Nurses Training College, Tibie
The Tibie Nurses Training College is public tertiary health institution in the Tibie in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana.  The college is in Tibie-Asonafu.  The Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC) regulates the activities, curriculum and examinations. The council's mandate Is enshrined under section 4(1) of N.R.C.D 117.

Brong-Ahafo region
The Brong-Ahafo region was a region in central Ghana. Brong-Ahafo was bordered to the north by the Black Volta river and to the east by the Lake Volta, and to the south by the Ashanti, Eastern and Western regions. The capital of Brong-Ahafo is Sunyani. Brong-Ahafo was created on 14 April 1959 from the then Western Ashanti and named after the main ethnic groups, the Brong and Ahafo. In 2019, as a result of the 2018 Ghanaian new regions referendum, the region was divided into three, namely Bono, Bono East and Ahafo regions, and ceased to exist.
Asplenium marinum
Asplenium marinum is a fern known as the sea spleenwort because of its preference for maritime habitats. Located around the coasts of Europe from Italy in the South to Norway in the North, its most Southern distribution extends to the Northern islands of Tunisia (Galitte islands).

Linnaeus was the first to describe sea spleenwort with the binomial Asplenium marinum in his Species Plantarum of 1753.

Species Plantarum
Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants.
Yollıg Khagan
Yollıg Khagan (Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰞𐰃𐰍:𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤 Pronunciation: Yollıg Tigin, Chinese: 伊然可汗; pinyin: Yīrán Kèhán, personal name: Chinese: 阿史那伊然; pinyin: Āshǐnà Yīrán; 734–739?) was the fifth ruler of the Second Turkic Khaganate.

He was Bilge Khagan's son. Besides being author of Orkhon Inscriptions, nothing much is known about him. His wife Yusaifu left for the Tang after 744.

Orkhon Turkic
Orkhon Turkic (also Göktürk) is the earliest version of Old Turkic, known as the oldest Turkic literary language, preceding Old Uyghur. It is the language in which the Orkhon and Yenisei inscriptions are written.
Yarlovo
42°28′8″N 23°16′42″E﻿ / ﻿42.46889°N 23.27833°E﻿ / 42.46889; 23.27833

Yarlovo (Bulgarian: Ярлово) is a village in Samokov Municipality of Sofia Province in southwestern Bulgaria. It is located 24 kilometers from the capital Sofia. It is situated in Samokov Valley on the west slopes of the Vitosha mountain massif; the altitude exceeds 1,000 meters. The village has over 500 inhabitants.

Yarlovo Nunatak on Trinity Peninsula in Antarctica is named after the village.

Samokov Municipality
42°20′14″N 23°33′27″E﻿ / ﻿42.33722°N 23.55750°E﻿ / 42.33722; 23.55750

Samokov Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Самоков) is a municipality in Sofia Province, central western Bulgaria. Covering a territory of 1,209.9 km2, it is the largest of the 22 municipalities in the province and takes 17.09% of its total area.
Oltean
Oltean is a Romanian-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniela Oltean, Romanian speed skater

Mircea Oltean, Romanian footballer

Ioan Oltean, Romanian lawyer and politician

Sergiu Oltean, Romanian footballer

Ioan Oltean
Ioan Oltean (born April 20, 1953) is a Romanian lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party (PD-L), he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bistrița-Năsăud County from 1990 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2016. Oltean also held the position of Minister of Water, Forests and Environment from 1996 to 1997 in the Victor Ciorbea cabinet.
2017 French riots
The 2017 French riots refer to two separate unrelated incidents of unrest in France following claimed abuse of power by police. The first of these riots began on 4 February 2017, in suburbs of Paris, following the alleged rape of a black man named Théo L. by police with a baton. These protests continued until 15 February. The second set of riots began late March when a Chinese man was fatally shot by police officers in Paris. These riots  ended the next day.

Bobigny
Bobigny (French pronunciation: [bɔbiɲi]) is a commune, or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is located 9.1 km (5.7 mi) from the centre of Paris. Bobigny is the prefecture (capital city) of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, as well as the seat of the Arrondissement of Bobigny. It is the 11th most populous commune in Seine-Saint-Denis (2019).

Inhabitants are called Balbyniens. Bobigny is the seat of the Seine-Saint-Denis prefecture. The first IKEA store in France was located in this commune.
Will Oakland
Will Oakland (January 15, 1880 – May 15, 1956) was an American countertenor famed for his exceptionally high vocal range. He was born Herman Hinrichs in Jersey City, New Jersey, to German-American immigrant parents.

Oakland began his musical career after leaving the United States Army in 1905, joining Lew Dockstader's minstrels in Rochester, New York. He began recording for Edison Records in 1908, soon after Richard Jose's retirement. In addition to appearing as a solo performer, Oakland recorded duets with Billy Murray, sometimes singing the female part in love songs. He often sang woeful, sentimental songs that contrasted with Murray's usually upbeat repertoire.

From 1912 to 1914 Oakland recorded in the Heidelberg Quintet, joining the members of the American Quartet.

He recorded the song "As I sat upon my dear old mother's knee" by Joseph P. Skelly.

Joseph P. Skelly
Joseph Paul Skelly, also abbreviated J. P. Skelley, (29 July 1850 – 23 June 1895) was a composer of music. He arranged the music for songs published as sheet music. For other songs he composed the words and music. The Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection at Johns Hopkins University has sheet music for many of the songs he composed. The Library of Congress has several of his works in its collection.

Skelly was born in Ireland and died in New York City. He wrote more than 1,000 songs.

His song "Little Darling, Dream of Me" was recorded by the Climax Quartet on Climax Records (an early Columbia Records label). He wrote the song "A Boy's Best Friend Is His Mother". It was sung by William Raymond of Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels. Vernon Dalhart recorded the song at Columbia Records in 1925.

He wrote the 1876 comical Irish musical sketch The Hash Brigade. Various artists including Ernest Pike and Elizabeth Spencer recorded his songs on cylinders in the decades after his death.
Holby City series 14
The fourteenth series of the British medical drama television series Holby City began airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 18 October 2011 and concluded on 9 October 2012. The series ran for 52 episodes.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Japheth
Japheth /ˈdʒeɪfɛθ/ (Hebrew: יֶפֶת Yép̄eṯ, in pausa יָפֶת‎ Yā́p̄eṯ; Greek: Ἰάφεθ Iápheth; Latin: Iafeth, Iapheth, Iaphethus, Iapetus; Arabic: يافث Yāfith) was one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis. In the biblical narrative he plays a role in the story of Noah's drunkenness and the curse of Ham, and subsequently in the Table of Nations, he is named as the ancestor of the peoples of the Aegean Sea, Anatolia, Caucasus, Greece, and elsewhere in Eurasia.

In medieval and early modern European tradition he was considered to be the progenitor of the European peoples.

Pausa
In linguistics, pausa (Latin for 'break', from Greek παῦσις, pâusis 'stopping, ceasing') is the hiatus between prosodic declination units. The concept is somewhat broad, as it is primarily used to refer to allophones that occur in certain prosodic environments, and these environments vary between languages.
Raffaele De Angelis
Raffaele De Angelis (born 24 October 1979) is an Italo-Albanian prelate of the Greek-Catholic Church and the Bishop of the Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi, a circumscription of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Sicily, Italy.

Greek Catholic Church
The Greek-Catholic Churches, which fall within the "Eastern Catholic Churches" or "Catholic Churches of Eastern rite", constitute the corpus of churches in communion with the Bishop of Rome and observing, by long tradition, the Byzantine Rite. They are still called "Greek-Catholic" to highlight the "Greek" rite (as the Byzantine rite was called in the past, having the Greek koinè as the common ecclesiastical lingua franca of the various Christian peoples of the East) and the union with the papacy.
Peter Strand
Peter Strand is an American politician elected to the Montana House of Representatives from the 63th district in the 2024 election, as a member of the Democratic Party. He is a retired public schools teacher.

2024 Montana House of Representatives election
The 2024 Montana House of Representatives election was held on November 5, 2024, alongside the 2024 United States elections.

This was the first election under new legislative lines adopted by an independent, bipartisan commission in 2023.

Although Republicans maintained the majority, Democrats had a 10-seat net gain, ending the Republicans' supermajority.
Hail (horse)
Hail (foaled 27 September 1997) is a thoroughbred racehorse who won the New Zealand Derby in 2000, ridden by Noel Harris.

He was bred by Waikanae couple Barry and Hazel Clevely from Valley Court (NZ) (Pompeii Court). Hail was owned by trainer Bruce Marsh and Alistair Cunningham after being purchased as a yearling for $17,000 at the Karaka sales.

In seven years of racing, Hail established for himself a reputation of reliability, strength and durability. Although he only won two Group 1 races, he finished in the first four in a further eight, including a fourth in the Wellington Cup under topweight. He also won the 2002 New Zealand St. Leger over 2500m at Trentham Racecourse.

He is one of the few New Zealand Derby winners in recent times to have tasted success in Australia, with his win in the Group 2 Sandown Classic in late 2002.

New Zealand Derby
The New Zealand Derby is a set-weights Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds, run over a distance of 2,400 metres (12 furlongs) at Ellerslie Racecourse in Auckland, New Zealand. It is held in March each year.
Subin Tipmanee
Subin Tipmanee(Thai: สุบิน ทิพย์มะณี) is a Thai boccia player who represented Thailand at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She, along with her 3 teammates, won a gold medal in Boccia in the Mixed Team BC1–2 event.

Boccia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Boccia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics was held in Riocentro, in the Barra district of Rio de Janeiro in September 2016, with a maximum of 104 athletes (24 women, 80 gender unspecified) competing in seven events. The programme consisted of four individual events, two pairs events, and one team event, spread across four classifications.
Anictis
Anictis is an extinct species of carnivorous cat-like mammal belonging to the infraorder Aeluroidea, endemic to Europe (Quercy, France) living from the Oligocene 33.9—28.4 Ma, existing for approximately 5.4 million years.

Anictis is shown to have an omnivorous diet or more precisely, hypercarnivorous to mesocarnivorous.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Rauracia
Rauracia can be:

the Rauraci, a group of Celts who settled in the Jura area of Switzerland around 400 BC

the official anthem of the Swiss canton of Jura

113415 Rauracia, a minor planet discovered at the Jurassien-Vicques Observatory

the Rauracian Republic, a short-lived (1792–1793) state that included parts of modern France and Switzerland around the Jura mountains

Rauracian Republic
The Rauracian Republic was a short-lived French occupation zone that included parts of modern Switzerland around the Jura mountains. It was created from the northern portion of the Prince-Bishopric of Basel, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Rauracian Republic existed for just a few months. It was inaugurated on 17 December 1792 and absorbed into France on 23 March 1793.  Twenty-two years later, in 1815, Basel and Bern divided the territory of the former republic between them.

The name of the Republic was taken from the Latin name of an ancient Celtic tribe, the Raurici, who settled the southern part of the Upper Rhine. The Raurici were related to the Helvetii, whose name was later bestowed on another French client state, the Helvetic Republic.
Electoral (Amendment) Act 1995
The Electoral (Amendment) Act 1995 (No. 21) was a law of Ireland which revised Dáil constituencies in light of the 1991 census. It took effect on the dissolution of the 27th Dáil on 15 May 1997 and a general election for the 28th Dáil on the revised constituencies took place on 6 June 1997.

It adopted recommendations from an independent Commission chaired by Richard Johnson, judge of the High Court, which delivered its report on 27 April 1995.

It repealed the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1990, which had defined constituencies since the 1992 general election.

It was repealed by the Electoral (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1998, which created a new schedule of constituencies first used at the 2002 general election for the 29th Dáil held on 17 May 2002.

29th Dáil
The 29th Dáil was elected at the 2002 general election on 17 May 2002 and met on 6 June 2002. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 22nd Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

The 29th Dáil was dissolved by President Mary McAleese on 26 April 2007, at the request of the Taoiseach Bertie Ahern. The 29th Dáil lasted 4 years, 324 days, the third longest after the 10th Dáil and the 28th Dáil.