hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bydgoszcz dialect
The Bydgoszcz dialect (Polish: gwara bydgoska) is an urban subdialect (gwara miejska) of the Polish language characteristic of the inhabitants of the city of Bydgoszcz (German: Bromberg). It belongs to the northern part of the Greater Poland dialect group and developed in a transitional linguistic zone, bordering dialect areas of Kuyavia to the south, Kociewie and Bory Tucholskie from the north, Chełmno-Dobrzyń from the east, and Krajna as well as Northern Greater Poland (Pałuki) from the west. The dialect is slowly losing many features and replacing them with those from Standard Polish.

Pałuki
Pałuki (Polish pronunciation: [paˈwukʲi]) is a historic and ethnographic region lying in central Poland, part of Greater Poland neighbouring Pomerania and Kuyavia. In terms of administrative division the region lies in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship and Greater Poland Voivodship. A diverse relief, forests and numerous lakes serve as tourist attractions.

Pałuki is commonly called "the land of 130 lakes" or sometimes even "Little Mazury". The "Piast Trail", leading through several places connected with the origins of the Polish State (Gniezno, Kruszwica), runs across the south of Pałuki. Żnin, Szubin, Kcynia and Barcin are major towns of the regions. Biskupin, Wenecja and Gąsawa also attract visitors.
Tianjin Port Holdings
Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited, formerly Tianjin Port Storage and Transportation Holdings Limited, is engaged in the operations of Tianjin Port, the warehousing and storage of cargo and the provision of freight forwarding and shipping brokerage services. It is parented by Tianjin Port (Group). Its A shares were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1996. Its name was changed to Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited in 1998.

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
Pine Mountain (Grayson County, Virginia)
Pine Mountain is a mountain in the Blue Ridge Mountains. It is located in the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area of the Jefferson National Forest, within Grayson County, Virginia, United States. The peak is immediately east of the highest mountain of Virginia, Mount Rogers, and Pine Mountain's sparsely vegetated summit has excellent views of both Mount Rogers and the surrounding region. The Appalachian Trail passes within feet of the summit. Pine Mountain is the second highest named summit in Virginia, though because its topographic prominence is well under 300 feet, it is considered a subsidiary peak of Mount Rogers.

George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests is an administrative entity combining two U.S. National Forests into one of the largest areas of public land in the Eastern United States. The forests cover 1.8 million acres (2,800 sq mi; 730,000 ha) of land in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  Approximately 1 million acres (1,600 sq mi; 400,000 ha) of the forest are remote and undeveloped and 139,461 acres (218 sq mi; 56,438 ha) have been designated as wilderness areas, which prohibits future development.
Jüri Parik
Jüri Parik (1889–1929) was an Estonian lawyer and politician.

Born on 16 April 1889 in Uue-Võidu Parish (now Viljandi Parish) in Kreis Fellin of the Governorate of Livonia, Parik was a member of the Estonian Provincial Assembly which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia between 1917 and 1919. He joined the assembly on 26 November 1918, replacing Eduard Aule who had resigned. He served until the end of the session and was the First Assistant Secretary to the Assembly between 3 February 1919 and 23 April 1919. Parik did not participate in the independent Republic of Estonia's Asutav Kogu (Constitutional Assembly) which followed, but he was elected to the first session of the Riigikogu (Estonian Parliament) as a representative of the Farmers' Assemblies party. He served for the duration of the session, which ended in 1923.

Parik died on 21 May 1929 in Tallinn.

Viljandi Parish
Viljandi Parish (Estonian: Viljandi vald) is a rural municipality of Viljandi County, Estonia. It is located around the town of Viljandi, but does not include it.

Viljandi Parish was established by merging four municipalities: Paistu, Pärsti, Saarepeedi and Viiratsi parishes. This took place after the municipal elections held on 20 October 2013.

Between 1939 and 1950, Viljandi Parish existed with different borders.
NS Puppis
NS Puppis (NS Pup) is an irregular variable star in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude varies between 4.4 and 4.5.

NS Puppis is a naked eye star, given the h1 and the Bright Star Catalogue number 3225. It was considered to be a stable star until 1966.  It was given the variable star designation NS Puppis in 1975.

h2 Puppis is another luminous K-type star with almost the same visual magnitude about a degree to the southeast.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Gorla (district of Milan)
Gorla (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɡɔrla]; Lombard: Gòrla, same pronunciation) is a district ("quartiere") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 2 administrative division, located north-east of the city centre. Before 1923, Gorla was an independent comune. The name "Gorla" is probably derived from the latin word gulula, meaning "little cleft".

The district is traversed by Viale Monza, a major thoroughfare connecting Milan and Monza, as well as the Naviglio Martesana canal. The most prominent architectural feature of Gorla consists in a number of 19th Century villas that were built along the Naviglio Martesana and served as country residences for rich Milanese families.

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
Bobasatrania
Bobasatrania is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Fossils of Bobasatrania were found in beds of Changhsingian (late Permian) to Ladinian (Middle Triassic) age. It was most speciose during the Early Triassic.

The genus was named after the locality Bobasatrana (near Ambilobe) in northeast Madagascar, from where the type species, Bobasatrania mahavavica, was described. The name of this species refers to the Mahavavy River.

Ladinian
The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between 241.464 Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic).

The Ladinian is coeval with the Falangian regional stage used in China.
Adam Clayton Powell III
Adam Clayton Powell III (born July 17, 1946) is an American journalist, media executive, and scholar who is the executive director of the USC Election Cybersecurity Initiative. He was USC's vice provost for globalization from 2007 through 2010.

USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism
The USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism is a part of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
It has 2,300 undergraduate and graduate students. Willow Bay is the Dean. Prof. Hector Amaya is the Director of the School of Communication, Prof. Gordon Stables serves as Director of the School of Journalism.
Adrien Bossel
Adrien Bossel (born 28 December 1986) is a Swiss former tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 262 achieved on 10 August 2015. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of No. 401 achieved on 15 October 2012.

Bossel made his ATP main-draw debut at the 2012 Swiss Indoors in the doubles event partnering Henri Laaksonen, but they lost in the first round to Kevin Anderson and Viktor Troicki.

At the 2013 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships, Bossel qualified for the tournament by defeating Adam Feeney, Denys Molchanov and Érik Chvojka in the qualifying rounds. In the main draw, he lost to the eighth seed Rajeev Ram.

Érik Chvojka
Érik Chvojka (born October 26, 1986) is a Canadian former professional tennis player.

Chvojka's first ATP World Tour main-draw singles appearance was a close three-set loss in the first round of the 2011 Rogers Cup to world No. 21 Alexandr Dolgopolov. Chvojka has also made the main draw of the 2012 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy in Romania as a lucky loser, but lost to Cedrik-Marcel Stebe in the first round.
Palatine Pts 2/2
The German steam locomotive of Palatine Class Pts 2/2 of the Palatinate Railway was a one-off and was built by the firm of Maffei in Munich. Notable features were the high boiler and the locomotive frame used as a water tank. Coal was carried in two bunkers on the left and right of the driver's cab.

After the formation of the Deutsche Reichsbahn the engine was taken over and given the number '99 011'. It was retired by 1931.

Locomotive frame
A locomotive frame is the structure that forms the backbone of the railway locomotive, giving it strength and supporting the superstructure elements such as a cab, boiler or bodywork.  The vast majority of locomotives have had a frame structure of some kind. The frame may in turn be supported by axles directly attached to it, or it may be mounted on bogies (known as trucks in American English), or a combination of the two.  The bogies in turn will have frames of their own.
John-Paul Langbroek
John-Paul Honoré Langbroek is an Australian politician currently serving as the Minister for Education and Minister for the Arts in Queensland since 1 November 2024. He has been the member of the Queensland parliament for Surfers Paradise since 2004, representing the Liberal Party and its successor, the Liberal National Party (LNP). Langbroek served as Leader of the Opposition and parliamentary leader of the LNP from 2009 to 2011. He was previously a minister in the Newman government before its defeat at the 2015 state election.

Premier of Queensland
The premier of Queensland is the head of government in the Australian state of Queensland.

By convention, the premier is the leader of the party with a parliamentary majority in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland. The premier is appointed by the governor of Queensland.

The incumbent premier is David Crisafulli.
Grodziński
Grodziński (masculine), Grodzińska (feminine) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Avraham Grodzinski, Lithuanian rabbi, Slabodka yeshiva's spiritual supervisor

Chaim Ozer Grodzinski (1863–1940), Lithuanian rabbi

Eugeniusz Grodziński (1912–1994), Polish philosopher

John R. Grodzinski, 21st century author/reviewer, military topics include War of 1812, Canadian Army

Teresa Grodzińska (1899–1920), Polish military nurse

Zvi Hirsch Grodzinski (1850s – 1947), Belarus-born American Orthodox rabbi

Chaim Ozer Grodzinski
Chaim Ozer Grodzinski (Hebrew: חיים עוזר גראדזענסקי; August 24, 1863 – August 9, 1940) was a Av beis din (rabbinical chief justice), posek (halakhic authority), and Talmudic scholar in Vilnius, Lithuania in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for over 55 years. He played an instrumental role in preserving Lithuanian yeshivas during the Communist era, and Polish and Russian yeshivas of Poland and during the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939, when he arranged for these yeshivas to relocate to Lithuanian cities.
Faddoi
Faddoi is a village in South Sudan. It is located in Akobo County, Eastern Bieh, in the northeastern part of South Sudan, near the International border with Ethiopia. Before reorganisation of new states in 2015, it was a part of Jonglei. It is connected by road from Akobo from the southeast and Waat just to the northwest. The Ez Zeraf Game Reserve lies to the west.
A landing ground was once considered in Faddoi.

Jonglei State
Jonglei State is a state of South Sudan with Bor as its centre of government  and the biggest city. Jonglei state comprises nine counties: Bor, Akobo, Ayod, Uror, Duk,  Nyirol, Pigi, Twic East, and Fangak. Jonglei State is the largest state by area before reorganisation, with an area of approximately 122,581 km2, as well as the most populous according to the 2008 census conducted in present-day South Sudan's second period of autonomy. The boundaries of the state were again changed as a result of a peace  agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

In the 21st century, Jonglei State has been marred by ethnic clashes, which the UNMISS estimated in May 2012 had affected the lives of over 140,000 people, and which have been  magnified by the broader South Sudanese conflict since December 2013.
Ksenia Kablukova
Ksenia Kablukova (born 16 June 1998) is a Russian ski jumper. She has competed at World Cup level since the 2015/16 season, with her best individual result being 14th place in Pyeongchang on 15 February 2017. At the 2018 Junior World Championships in Kandersteg, she won a team silver medal.

Kandersteg
Kandersteg (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈkandərˌʃteːk]) is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.  It is located along the valley of the River Kander, west of the Jungfrau massif. It is noted for its spectacular mountain scenery and sylvan alpine landscapes. Tourism is a very significant part of its economic life today. It offers outdoor activities year-round, with hiking trails and mountain climbing as well as downhill and cross-country skiing. Kandersteg hosted the ski jumping and Nordic combined parts of the 2018 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships.
2002 Wellington Sevens
The 2002 Wellington Sevens, also known as the 2002 New Zealand Sevens, was an international rugby sevens tournament that was held in Wellington, New Zealand as the fifth leg of the 2001–02 World Sevens Series. The tournament took place at the Westpac Stadium on 8–9 February 2002.

The tournament was won by South Africa, who defeated Samoa 17–14 in the cup final. Argentina defeated Wales 55–12 in the plate final. France defeated Canada 26–5 in the bowl final. Cook Islands defeated Papua New Guinea 38–14 in the shield final.

Papua New Guinea national rugby sevens team
The Papua New Guinea national rugby sevens team competes in the Pacific Games, Commonwealth Games, Challenger Series and the Oceania Sevens. They finished third in 2009 and fourth in 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2023 in the Oceania Sevens. They missed out on a maiden Olympic spot after being defeated by Samoa 24-0 in the 2023 Oceania 7s Olympic Playoff.

Papua New Guinea has also played the Hong Kong Sevens World Series qualifier. In the 2015 edition, they went to the semifinals, where they lost to Russia. In 2016 they lost all matches in the group phase. In 2017 they reached the semifinals.

PNG qualified for the 2010 Commonwealth Games and 2014 Commonwealth Games. Papua New Guinea made its first appearance at the Rugby World Cup Sevens in 2018, following its fifth-place finish at the 2017 Oceania Sevens Championship.
Muraoka (surname)
Muraoka (written: 村岡 lit. "village hill") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Muraoka (born 1962), Japanese-American actor and theatre director

Chris Muraoka, American politician

Hiroto Muraoka (村岡 博人; 1931–2017), Japanese footballer

Lenore Muraoka (born 1955), American golfer

Mie Muraoka (村岡 美枝; born 1913), Japanese sprinter

Minoru Muraoka (村岡 福夫; 1924–2014), Japanese shakuhachi player

Takamitsu Muraoka (村岡 崇光; 1938-2026), Japanese Hebraist

Takuya Muraoka (村岡 拓哉; born 1990), Japanese footballer

Toshihide Muraoka (村岡敏英; born 1960), Japanese politician

Tsugumasa Muraoka (村岡 嗣政; born 1972), Japanese politician

Chris Muraoka
Christopher Lee Muraoka (born March 25, 1977) is an American businessman and politician serving as a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives for the 45th district, covering part of west Oahu, since 2024. A Republican, he previously served on the Waianae neighborhood board.
Ahmed Al-Morsi
Ahmed al-Morsi (born 1992) is an Egyptian writer.

Al-Morsi graduated from Cairo University with a degree in journalism. He has worked for Dream TV and the Rotana media network.

As an author, he has published three novels: What is Left of the Sun (2020), which won the Sawiris Prize in 2021, Written (2021), and Gambling on the Honour of Lady Mitsy (2023), which was nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize in 2024. The plot revolves around horse-racing in Cairo in the early part of the 20th century.

Sawiris Cultural Award
The Sawiris Cultural Award is an Egyptian literary prize, awarded annually by the Sawiris Foundation for Social Development. It was inaugurated in 2005 with prizes in two categories: novels and short stories. Since then, additional categories in screenplays and playwriting have been added. Each award is also divided into two sub-categories: senior writers and junior writers.
Linepemat
Linepemat (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name), also known as 3-(2,3-difluorophenoxy)azetidine, is a drug described as a "nootrope". It has been found to produce hyperlocomotion in rodents as well as to dose-dependently reverse the hypolocomotion induced by the monoamine depleting agent tetrabenazine in rodents. The drug was patented by Integrative Research Laboratories (IRL) in January 2025 with the application of treatment of apathy and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name was registered in January 2026. IRL is developing a drug with the developmental code name IRL757 for treatment of apathy. Linepemat is very similar in chemical structure to pirepemat (IRL752), another IRL drug candidate.

Dose–response relationship
The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship describes the magnitude of the response of a biochemical or cell-based assay or an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves, or concentration-response curves. This is explained further in the following sections. A stimulus response function or stimulus response curve is defined more broadly as the response from any type of stimulus, not limited to chemicals.
The Knife That Killed Me (film)
The Knife That Killed Me is a 2014 British drama film that was funded as a Kickstarter project. The story about a teenage boy who becomes involved in knife crime was adapted from the novel by Anthony McGowan. It was filmed in York, North Yorkshire in a purpose-built green screen stage at GSP Studios (at the former ARTTS International film school) at Bubwith, entirely on green screens. Production began in mid-February 2012 and filming began in mid-April. The film was released on 24 October 2014.

A casting call for the role of Paul was posted on 26 October 2011 and another for 'Yorkshire-based teenagers' was posted on 9 January 2012; the latter also states that Jeremy Zimmerman was the casting director.

Casting (performing arts)
In the performing arts industry such as theatre, film, or television, casting, or a casting call, is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra to land the role of a character in a script, screenplay, or teleplay. This process may be used for a motion picture, television program, documentary film, music video, play, or advertisement intended for an audience.
Marian McGennis
Marian McGennis (born November 1953) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician.

A former civil servant, McGennis unsuccessfully contested the Dublin North constituency at the 1992 general election, and was then nominated to the 20th Seanad by Taoiseach Albert Reynolds, where she served from 1993 to 1997.

She first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Central constituency at the 1997 general election. The constituency boundaries were changed before the 2002 general election and she instead contested the Dublin South-Central constituency which had gained an extra seat. However, she was not re-elected.

McGennnis was a member of Dublin County Council from 1985 to 1991, and of Fingal County Council from 1993 to 1998. She was elected to Dublin City Council 1999 as a councillor for Ballyfermot, but was defeated at the 2004 local elections.

She was educated at St Patrick's College, Maynooth.

Dublin Central
Dublin Central is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects four deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Clostridioides difficile toxin A
Clostridioides difficile toxin A (TcdA) is a toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridioides difficile, formerly known as Clostridium difficile. It is similar to Clostridioides difficile Toxin B. The toxins are the main virulence factors produced by the gram positive, anaerobic, Clostridioides difficile bacteria. The toxins function by damaging the intestinal mucosa and cause the symptoms of C. difficile infection, including pseudomembranous colitis.

TcdA is one of the largest bacterial toxins known. With a molecular mass of 308 kDa, it is usually described as a potent enterotoxin, but it also has some activity as a cytotoxin. The toxin acts by modifying host cell GTPase proteins by glucosylation, leading to changes in cellular activities. Risk factors for C. difficile infection include antibiotic treatment, which can disrupt normal intestinal microbiota and lead to colonization of C. difficile bacteria.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).