hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Historical recurrence
Historical recurrence is the concept that, in the study of history, similar events are sometimes found to re-occur. The concept has been applied to various levels of human history, from the rise and fall of empires, to patterns in the history of a given polity, to any two specific events which bear a striking similarity.

In his book The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought, G. W. Trompf traces historically recurring patterns of political thought and behavior in the West since antiquity.

Fintan O'Toole
Fintan O'Toole (born 16 February 1958) is an Irish journalist, literary editor, and drama critic for The Irish Times, for which he has written since 1988. He was drama critic for the New York Daily News from 1997 to 2001 and is Advising Editor and a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books. He is also an author, literary critic, historical writer and political commentator.

In 2011, O'Toole was named by The Observer as one of "Britain's top 300 intellectuals", despite not being British nor living in the United Kingdom. Between 2012 and 2024, O'Toole was a visiting lecturer in Irish letters at Princeton University and contributed to the Fund for Irish Studies Series.
Aneesa Sharif Saddique
Aneesa Sharif Saddique (born 10 July 1991), also known as Aneesa Sharif, is a British Pakistani model living in UK. Aneesa founded Lamour Clinic and Aesthetic Practice that offers advanced therapies and Facial Harmonisation treatment. She has worked with L'Oréal Pakistan and other brands and has been awarded ‘Best Female Model of 2016 and 2019.

L'Oréal
L'Oréal S.A. (French: [lɔʁe.al]) is a French multinational personal care corporation registered in Paris and headquartered in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine. As of 2024, it is the world's largest cosmetics company. As of the early 2020s, L'Oréal owned 36 brands and 497 patents.
Bjørneboe
Bjørneboe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnete Bjørneboe (born 1943), Tanzanian-born Danish artist and educator

Jens Bjørneboe (1920–1976), Norwegian writer

Sven Kærup Bjørneboe (born 1943), Norwegian essayist

Therese Bjørneboe (born 1963), Norwegian theatre critic and editor

Agnete Bjørneboe
Agnete Bjørneboe née Bayer (born 1943) is a Tanzanian-born Danish artist and educator whose work covers painting, collage, mosaic and papercutting. Her subjects are inspired by her upbringing in East Africa and by study trips to India, Syria and Egypt. For many years, she has taught art both in the classroom and with individual students. In addition to her artwork as a book illustrator, her creations can be seen in the Museum of Copenhagen.
Hoshi no Miyako
Hoshi no Miyako (星の都) is the second studio album by Japanese visual kei rock band SID, released on November 16, 2005, by Danger Crue Records. It was released in two editions: regular and limited.

"Sweet?" is the only single of the album, released after "Paint pops", which is a box set containing a CD with songs included on the album: "Alibi", "Binetsu" and a DVD, with "Re:Dreamer" and "Aikagi".

Danger Crue Records
Danger Crue Records is a Japanese visual kei independent record label located in Tokyo, Japan. It was originally the record label of the Danger Crue music office, both founded in 1981. According to D'erlanger drummer Tetsu, Danger Crue was formed for the heavy metal band 44Magnum. The first release by Danger Crue was the album Insane by Reaction in July 1985. In April 2000, the office changed its name to the Maverick D.C. Group but continues to run the Danger Crue Records label.

In 2002, Maverick D.C. held a concert to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Danger Crue. It has since become an annual year-end event under the name Jack in the Box since 2007, derived from the nickname of Maverick D.C. president Masahiro Oishi. On December 27, 2021, Jack in the Box celebrated Danger Crue's 40th anniversary at the Nippon Budokan.
Peter Lomongin
Peter Lomongin (1944-2006) was an Anglican bishop in Uganda: He was  Bishop of Karamoja from 1987 until his death.

Lomongin was educated at Uganda Christian University and ordained in 1973. He served in the Diocese of Soroti until 1976 when he became Archdeacon of Karamoja.

Anglican dioceses of Eastern Uganda
The Anglican dioceses of Eastern Uganda are the Anglican presence in (roughly) the Eastern Region, Uganda; they are part of the Church of Uganda. The remaining dioceses of the Church are in the areas of Buganda, of Northern Uganda, of Ankole and Kigezi, and of Rwenzori.
Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States
In the United States, owned-and-operated television stations (frequently abbreviated as O&Os) constitute only a portion of their parent television networks' station bodies, due to ownership limits imposed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Currently, the total number of television stations owned by any company (including a television network) can only reach a maximum of 39% of all U.S. households; in the past, the ownership limit was much lower, and was determined by a specific number of television stations rather than basing the limits on total market coverage.

Dabl
Dabl (/ˈdæbəl/) is an American digital multicast television network owned by the CBS Media Ventures subsidiary of Paramount Skydance Corporation and operated by Weigel Broadcasting.

Dabl launched in September 2019 with a female-targeted lifestyle format. It aired reruns of cooking shows, home renovation shows, Undercover Boss, and more (see full list below under 'former programming').

In December 2023, Paramount transferred management duties to Weigel. The network switched to airing Black sitcoms (sourced mainly from the Paramount library at first, plus other companies later including Warner Bros. Discovery) from the mid-1990s through the early to mid-2010s.
Bishop Wordsworth's School
Bishop Wordsworth's School is a Church of England boys' grammar school in Salisbury, Wiltshire for boys aged 11 to 18. It was granted academy status in 2011 and is an Additional Member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. It is within the grounds of Salisbury Cathedral, adjacent to the Cathedral School.

Sixth form teaching was in collaboration with South Wilts Grammar School for Girls until June 2020; from September 2020 the school admitted girls direct to its sixth form, with 45 joining Year 12.

The school's full name is Bishop Wordsworth's Church of England Grammar School, shortened to BWS. It is known colloquially as Bishop's, and its students as Bishop's Boys. The school's motto is Veritas in Caritate, taken from the Latin text of Ephesians 4:15:  "(Speaking the) truth in love".

Motto
A motto (derived from the Latin muttum, 'mutter', by way of Italian motto, 'word' or 'sentence') is a sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organization. Mottos (or mottoes) are usually found predominantly in written form (unlike slogans, which may also be expressed orally), and may stem from long traditions of social foundations, or from significant events, such as a civil war or a revolution. One's motto may be in any language, but Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world.
Slatko
Slatko (Serbian: слаткō / slatkō; Macedonian: слатко, romanized: slatko; Bulgarian: сладко, romanized: sladko; meaning "sweet") is a thin fruit preserve made of fruit or rose petals in Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbian cuisine. Almost any kind of fruit can be used, including wild strawberry, blueberry, plum or cherry.

Blueberry
Blueberries are a widely distributed and widespread group of perennial flowering plants with blue or purple berries. They are classified in the section Cyanococcus within the genus Vaccinium. Commercial blueberries—both wild (lowbush) and cultivated (highbush)—are all native to North America. The highbush varieties were introduced into Europe during the 1930s.

Blueberries are usually prostrate shrubs that can vary in size from 10 centimeters (4 inches) to 4 meters (13 feet) in height. In the commercial production of blueberries, the species with small, pea-size berries growing on low-level bushes is known as "lowbush blueberries" (synonymous with "wild"), while the species with larger berries growing on taller, cultivated bushes is known as "highbush blueberries". In 2024, Canada was the leading producer of lowbush blueberries, while the United States produced 29% of the world's supply of highbush blueberries.
The Extremists (play)
The Extremists is a 2009 one-act play by C. J. Hopkins, published by Broadway Play Publishing. A political satire criticizing  American views on extremism and foreign terrorism, it revolves around a television talk show host interviewing a counterterrorist expert on the imminent danger of the extremist threat. The play first premiered at the English Theatre Berlin, in Berlin, in February 2009, followed by a production at Seven Stages Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, in March 2009.

Broadway Play Publishing
Broadway Play Publishing Inc (BPPI) was established in New York City in 1982 to publish and license the stage performance rights of contemporary American plays. The Broadway Play Publishing Inc catalog consists of over 1,300 plays and over 400 authors, such as: Constance Congdon, María Irene Fornés, A. R. Gurney, Tony Kushner, Neil LaBute, Richard Nelson, Eric Overmyer, José Rivera, Naomi Wallace, and many others. Its authors have been produced on Broadway and Off, in London's West End, and in theaters across the United States and around the world. They have won Nobel Prizes, Pulitzer Prizes, Tony Awards, Obie Awards, the MacArthur Genius Grant, Guggenheim Fellowships, and National Endowment for the Arts grants. Christopher W.D. Gould is the publisher, and Michael Q. Fellmeth is the executive director.
Sportivo Trinidense
Sportivo Trinidense is a Paraguayan football club based in the barrio of Santísima Trinidad, in Asunción. The club was founded on 11 August 1935. Their home games are played at the Estadio Martín Torres. Their traditional rival is Rubio Ñu, also from barrio Santísima Trinidad. Trinidense currently plays in the Paraguayan Primera División.

Barrio
Barrio (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbarjo]; lit. 'quarter, neighborhood') is generally defined as each area of a city delimited by functional (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial, etc.), social, architectural or morphological features. In Spain, in most of Latin America, and in the Philippines, the term may also be used to officially denote a division of a municipality. The word barrio is an Arabism, as it is derived from the Arabic word barriyy (بري; 'wild, exterior').
Laudato si'
Laudato si' (Praise Be to You) is the second encyclical of Pope Francis, subtitled "on care for our common home". In it, the Pope criticizes consumerism and irresponsible economic development, laments environmental degradation and global warming, and calls all people of the world to take "swift and unified global action". The encyclical, dated 24 May 2015, was officially published at noon on 18 June 2015, accompanied by a news conference. The Vatican released the document in Italian, German, English, Spanish, French, Polish, Portuguese, and Arabic, alongside the original Latin.

The encyclical is the second published by Pope Francis, after Lumen fidei (The Light of Faith), which was released in 2013. Since Lumen fidei was largely the work of Francis's predecessor Benedict XVI, Laudato si' is generally viewed as the first encyclical that is entirely the work of Francis.

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK, German: Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung) is a German government-funded research institute addressing crucial scientific questions in the fields of global change, climate impacts, and sustainable development. Ranked among the top environmental think tanks worldwide, it is one of the leading research institutions and part of a global network of scientific and academic institutions working on questions of global environmental change. It is a member of the Leibniz Association, whose institutions perform research on subjects of high relevance to society.

Heads of the institute are Ottmar Edenhofer, Johan Rockström and Bettina Hörstrup.
2024 Chicago Men's Challenger – Doubles
Miķelis Lībietis and Skander Mansouri were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Luke Saville and Li Tu won the title after defeating Mac Kiger and Benjamin Sigouin 6–4, 3–6, [10–3] in the final.

Miķelis Lībietis
Miķelis Lībietis (born 9 July 1992 in Sigulda) is a Latvian tennis player that competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Men's Circuit. Lībietis has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 352 achieved on 28 November 2016 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 138 achieved on 29 January 2024.

He played NCAA college tennis at the University of Tennessee, graduating with a degree in Sociology – Criminal Justice in May 2015.
Belgaum I Assembly constituency
Belgaum I Assembly constituency was one of the Vidhana Sabha seats in the state assembly of Mysore, in India. It was a part of Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency, which is adjacent to Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency.

Karnataka Legislative Assembly
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).

There are 224 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected  through adult franchise. Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
Novation Supernova
The Novation SuperNova, released in 1998, was a 3U rack-mounted virtual analogue polyphonic synthesizer with 16+ note polyphony and multitimbral operation, made by the British company Novation.  Unique to the Supernova was the addition of multiple effects options which were retained per part in multi-timbral use, allowing a much richer sound than had generally been possible with a multitimbral synthesizer. The SuperNova and its successor, the SuperNova II, have been used by a wide range of artists including Orbital, ATB, The Faint, Ozric Tentacles, Sin, Jean-Michel Jarre and A Guy Called Gerald.

Ozric Tentacles
Ozric Tentacles are an English instrumental rock band, whose music incorporates elements from a diverse range of genres, including psychedelic rock, progressive rock, space rock, jazz fusion, electronic music, dub music, world music, and ambient music. Formed in Somerset in 1983, the band have released over 30 albums selling over a million copies worldwide despite never having signed to a major recording label. Throughout many line-up changes over the years, co-founder and guitarist Ed Wynne has remained the only original member of the band. The band is now credited as one of the major influences of the UK festival scene's re-emergence, becoming particularly associated with the Glastonbury Festival and their handmade series of cassette releases, mostly sold at gigs and through a fan club.
Coluccio Salutati
Coluccio Salutati (16 February 1331 – 4 May 1406) was an Italian Renaissance humanist and notary, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance Florence; as chancellor of the Florentine Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effectively the permanent secretary of state in the generation before the rise of the powerful Medici family.

Chancellor
Chancellor (Latin: cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays, the term is most often used to describe:

The head of the government

A person in charge of foreign affairs

A person with duties related to justice

A person in charge of financial and economic issues

The head of a university
Kebek Sultan
Kebek Sultan Oghlan (Chagatai: کیباک سلطان اغلان; died c. 1472) was Khan of eastern Moghulistan (Uyghurstan) from 1468 or 1469 until his death. He was the only son of Dost Muhammad.

When Dost Muhammad died, Kebek Sultan, who was a child, was carried off by some of his supporters to Turpan, while Yunus Khan captured Aksu. After only a few years of rule, he was betrayed by his followers and was killed, his head being brought to Yunus Khan. The Khan became angry at the murder of his great-nephew and put those responsible to death.

Turpan
Turpan (Uyghur: Turpan) or Turfan (Chinese: 吐鲁番) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of 69,759 km2 (26,934 sq mi) and a population of 693,988 (2020). The historical center of the prefectural area has shifted a number of times, from Yar-Khoto (Jiaohe, 10 km or 6.2 mi to the west of modern Turpan) to Qocho (Gaochang, 30 km or 19 mi to the southeast of Turpan) and to Turpan itself.
Jackie Ballard
Jacqueline Margaret Ballard (née Mackenzie; born 4 January 1953) has been a charity senior manager, politician and journalist in the United Kingdom. She served as Liberal Democrat MP for Taunton from 1997 to 2001.

Her former roles include Director General of the RSPCA, Chief Executive of RNID and Chief Executive of Womankind Worldwide.

Royal National Institute for Deaf People
The Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID), known as Action on Hearing Loss from 2011 to 2020, is a charitable organisation working on behalf of the UK's 12 million people who are deaf, have hearing loss, or tinnitus.
Paraglenea fortunei
Paraglenea fortunei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Saunders in 1853, originally under the genus Glenea. It is known from Taiwan, China, North Korea, South Korea, and Vietnam, and has been introduced into Japan. It feeds on Cinnamomum camphora, Boehmeria nivea, Hibiscus syriacus, Morus alba, and Triadica sebifera.

Hibiscus syriacus
Hibiscus syriacus is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. 
It is native to areas of east Asia, but widely introduced elsewhere, including much of Europe and North America. It was given the epithet syriacus because it had been collected from gardens in Syria.
Common names include the rose of Sharon (especially in North America), Syrian ketmia,
shrub althea
(or simply althea), Korean rose and rose mallow (in the United Kingdom). It is the national flower of South Korea and is mentioned in the South Korean national anthem.
Carl Carlton (German musician)
Carl Carlton (born Karl Walter Ahlerich Buskohl, 20 April 1955) is a German rock guitarist, composer and producer. His collaboration with Robert Palmer culminated in the Grammy-nominated album Drive, released in 2003. In 2005, Carlton joined Eric Burdon and the Animals. The collaboration resulted in the Grammy-nominated album Soul of a Man, released in 2006. Carlton has released five albums with his own band, Carl Carlton and the Songdogs and two solo albums.

Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Manfred Mann's Earth Band are  an English rock band formed by South African musician Manfred Mann. Their hits include covers of Bruce Springsteen's "For You", "Blinded by the Light" and "Spirit in the Night". After forming in 1971 and with a short hiatus in the late 1980s/early 1990s, the Earth Band continues to perform and tour, as of 2024.
Shell script
A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages. Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text. A script which sets up the environment, runs the program, and does any necessary cleanup or logging, is called a wrapper.

The term is also used more generally to mean the automated mode of running an operating system shell; each operating system uses a particular name for these functions including batch files (MSDos-Win95 stream, OS/2), command procedures (VMS), and shell scripts (Windows NT stream and third-party derivatives like Take Command/4NT—article is at cmd.exe), and mainframe operating systems are associated with a number of terms.

All Unix-like systems include at least one POSIX shell (typically either bash or the zsh compatibility mode).

Cmd.exe
cmd.exe, a.k.a. Command Prompt, is a shell program on later versions of Windows (NT and CE families), OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, and ReactOS. In some versions of Windows (CE .NET 4.2, CE 5.0 and Embedded CE 6.0) it is referred to as the Command Processor Shell. Implementation differs between operating systems, but with significant consistency of behavior and available commands.

Older, related operating systems, DOS and Windows 9x, provided COMMAND.COM as the shell. cmd.exe replaced COMMAND.COM in the Windows product line with the introduction of NT. Current versions of Windows include PowerShell as an alternative shell that runs side-by-side with cmd.exe.

The initial version of cmd.exe for Windows NT was developed by Therese Stowell. Windows CE 2.11 was the first embedded Windows release to support a console and a Windows CE version of cmd.exe. The ReactOS implementation of cmd.exe is derived from FreeCOM, the FreeDOS command line interpreter.
Francisco Lachowski
Francisco "Chico" Lachowski (Brazilian Portuguese: [fɾɐ̃ˈsisku ˈʃiku laˈʃɔviski], Polish: [laˈxɔfskʲi]; born 13 May 1991) is a Brazilian supermodel. He has been featured in advertisements for various brands, including Dior Homme, Balmain, Hugo Boss, Etro, L'Oréal, Armani Exchange, H&M, and Tommy Hilfiger.

H&M
H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB, commonly known by its brand name H&M, is a Swedish multinational clothing company headquartered in Stockholm. Built on a fast fashion business model, the retailer sells apparel, accessories, and homeware. The company operates thousands of stores across 75 geographical markets and employs over 171,000 people worldwide.

H&M is the second-largest international clothing retailer after Inditex. H&M was founded by Erling Persson in 1947 under the name Hennes. The CEO of H&M from 2020 to 2024 was Helena Helmersson. The current CEO, as of January 2024, is Daniel Ervér.
Mathematical fiction
Mathematical fiction is a genre of creative fictional work in which mathematics and mathematicians play important roles. The form and the medium of the works are not important. The genre may include poems, short stories, novels or plays; comic books; films, videos, or audios. One of the earliest, and much studied, work of this genre is Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions, an 1884 satirical novella by the English schoolmaster Edwin Abbott Abbott. Mathematical fiction may have existed since ancient times, but it was recently rediscovered as a genre of literature; since then there has been a growing body of literature in this genre, and the genre has attracted a growing body of readers. For example, Abbott's Flatland 19th century novel spawned a sequel in the 20th century Sphereland and again in the 21st century Flatterland authored by Ian Stewart.

Flatterland
Flatterland is a 2001 book written by mathematician and science popularizer Ian Stewart about non-Euclidean geometry. It was written as a sequel to Flatland, an 1884 novel that discussed different dimensions.