hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malamatiyya
The Malāmatiyya (ملامتية), or Malamatis, were an early Muslim organization and associated Islamic mystical movement active in 9th-century Greater Khorasan. The root word of their name is the Arabic word malāmah (ملامة) "blame". The Malamatiyya believed in the value of self-blame, that piety should be a private matter and that being held in good esteem would lead to worldly attachment. They concealed their knowledge and made sure their faults would be known, reminding them of their imperfection. The Malamati is one for whom the doctrine of "spiritual states" is fraught with subtle deceptions of the most despicable kind; he despises personal piety, not because he is focused on the perceptions or reactions of people, but as a consistent involuntary witness of his own "pious hypocrisy".

"Malamati" can also refer to a method of teaching within Sufism based on taking blame.

Religious movement
A religious movement is a theological, social, political, or philosophical interpretation of religion that is not generally represented and controlled by a specific church, sect, or denomination.  A religious movement is characterized by significant growth in people, ideas and culture. Otherwise, it ceases to be a movement.
Pennant Point, Nova Scotia
44°25′51″N 63°39′00″W﻿ / ﻿44.43083°N 63.65000°W﻿ / 44.43083; -63.65000
Pennant Point is a rural community located at the head of Pennant Harbour near Sambro on the Chebucto Peninsula in the Halifax Regional Municipality Nova Scotia on Route 349.

Pennant Point is part of the Crystal Crescent Beach Provincial Park, which is popular with hikers and beachgoers.

Chebucto Peninsula
The Chebucto Peninsula is a peninsula located in central Nova Scotia, Canada, entirely within the Halifax Regional Municipality on the Atlantic coast.

It is bordered by St. Margarets Bay in the west, the open Atlantic Ocean to the south, and Halifax Harbour (including Bedford Basin) to the east.  The peninsula also includes a sub-peninsula - the Halifax Peninsula.

The majority of the central part of the Chebucto Peninsula is uninhabited and designated a protected wilderness area to prevent encroaching urban sprawl development.
FC Barcelona C (women)
Futbol Club Barcelona Femení C is a Spanish football team based in Barcelona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia.

Founded in 2022, it is the second reserve team of FC Barcelona Femení, and currently plays in Preferente, playing their home matches at the Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper.

Reserve teams in Spain play in the same league system as the main team, rather than in a separate league. They must play at least one level below their main side; Barcelona Femení C play in the fifth tier, part of the regional Catalan system, while the first and "B" teams play in the first and second tier in the national leagues.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol Femenino
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol Femenino are the Spanish women's football regional divisions. They are administered by the Autonomous football federations. The level immediately above is the Primera Nacional. The autonomous regional divisions include:
Parodiodendron
Parodiodendron is a monotypic plant genus under the family Picrodendraceae, described as a genus in 1969. The sole species is Parodiodendron marginivillosum (Speg.) Hunz..

It is found in northern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta Provinces), Bolivia (Tarija and Santa Cruz departments).

It is listed as vulnerable, threatened by habitat loss.

The genus name of Parodiodendron is in honour of Lorenzo Raimundo Parodi (1895–1966), an Argentinian botanist and agricultural engineer, professor of botany in Buenos Aires and La Plata with a focus on South American grasses. It was first described and published in Kurtziana Vol.5 on page 331 in 1969.

Tarija Department
Tarija (Spanish pronunciation: [taˈɾixa] ⓘ) is a department in Bolivia. It is located in south-eastern Bolivia bordering with Argentina to the south and Paraguay to the east. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 534,348 inhabitants. It has an area of 37,623 km2 (14,526 sq mi). The city of Tarija is the capital of the department. The capital lies in a broad agricultural valley known as the Central Valley of Tarija which covers 5.5% of the surface area of the department.
Rivest (surname)
Rivest is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Rivest, American entrepreneur

Jean-Claude Rivest (born 1943), Canadian lawyer and politician

Jesse Rivest (born 1977), Canadian singer-songwriter

Patrick Rivest-Bunster (born 1986), Canadian recurve archer

Ron Rivest (born 1947), American cryptographer and professor

Jesse Rivest
Jesse Rivest (born 1977) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist. His hometown is Kelowna.
 He first surfaced in Calgary, and later was involved in music in New Zealand and Brazil. He currently divides his time between Canada and Brazil.
Pseudomanifold
In mathematics, a pseudomanifold is a special type of topological space. It looks like a manifold at most of its points, but it may contain singularities. For example, the cone of solutions of  forms a pseudomanifold.

A pseudomanifold can be regarded as a combinatorial realisation of the general idea of a manifold with singularities.  The concepts of orientability, orientation and degree of a mapping make sense for pseudomanifolds and moreover, within the combinatorial approach, pseudomanifolds form the natural domain of definition for these concepts.

Degree of a continuous mapping
In topology, the degree of a continuous mapping between two compact oriented manifolds of the same dimension is a number that represents the number of times that the domain manifold wraps around the range manifold under the mapping. The degree is always an integer, but may be positive or negative depending on the orientations.

The degree of a map between general manifolds was first defined by Brouwer, who showed that the degree is homotopy invariant and used it to prove the Brouwer fixed point theorem. Less general forms of the concept existed before Brouwer, such as the winding number and the Kronecker characteristic (or Kronecker integral).

In modern mathematics, the degree of a map plays an important role in topology and geometry. In physics, the degree of a continuous map (for instance a map from space to some order parameter set) is one example of a topological quantum number.
Prostitution in Belarus
Prostitution in Belarus is illegal but commonplace and is an administrative, rather than criminal, offence. Running a brothel is forbidden and engaging in other means of pimping are punishable by up to 10 years in prison. UNAIDS estimated there were 22,000 sex workers in Belarus in 2016.

Sex trafficking is a problem in the country.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Hebridean terrane
The Hebridean terrane is one of the terranes that form part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland. Its boundary with the neighbouring Northern Highland terrane is formed by the Moine Thrust Belt. The basement is formed by Archaean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses of the Lewisian complex, unconformably overlain by the Neoproterozoic Torridonian sediments, which in turn are unconformably overlain by a sequence of Cambro–Ordovician sediments. It formed part of the Laurentian foreland during the Caledonian continental collision.

Gneiss
Gneiss (/naɪs/ NYSE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures ranging from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage.

Gneisses are common in the ancient crust of continental shields. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth are gneisses, such as the Acasta Gneiss.
John Gurdon (died 1623)
John Gurdon (c. 1544 – 21 September 1623) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1571.

Gurdon was the son of Robert Gurdon of Assington, Suffolk and his wife Rose Sexton, daughter of Robert Sexton of Lavenham, Suffolk and widow of William Appleton of Little Waldingfield.  He was a student of Inner Temple in 1558.

In 1571, Gurdon was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Sudbury. He succeeded to Assington on the death of his father in 1578 and was a J.P. for Suffolk from about 1579. In 1585 he was Sheriff of Suffolk.

Gurdon died at the age of about 78 in 1623.

Gurdon married Amy Brampton, daughter of William Brampton of Letton, Norfolk through whom he acquired the estate of Letton. They had a daughter and a son Brampton who also became MP for Sudbury.

Letton, Norfolk
Letton is a former village and civil parish, now part of the parish of Cranworth, in the Breckland district of Norfolk, England. The settlement is south-east of Shipdham and about 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Dereham. In 1931 the parish had a population of 83. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Cranworth.

The main building in Letton is Letton Hall a Grade II listed building, now mainly a religious holiday centre. The property was formerly owned by the Gurdon family. The former church of All Saints is now a ruin.
John Goodman (American football)
John Richard Goodman (born November 21, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). Goodman played college football for the Oklahoma Sooners under head coach Barry Switzer, and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the second round of the 1980 NFL draft.

Barry Switzer
Barry Layne Switzer (born October 5, 1937) is an American former college and professional football coach. He served for 16 years as head football coach at the University of Oklahoma and four years as head coach of the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He won three national championships at Oklahoma, and led the Cowboys to win Super Bowl XXX against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He has one of the highest winning percentages of any college football coach in history, and is the second of only three head coaches to win both a college football national championship and a Super Bowl: the others are his Cowboys predecessor Jimmy Johnson and Pete Carroll with the Seattle Seahawks.
Warangal West Assembly constituency
Warangal West Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India formed after the 2008 delimitation of the earlier Hanamkonda Assembly constituency. It is one of 12 constituencies in Warangal district. It is one of the two constituencies in the City of Warangal and part of Warangal Lok Sabha constituency

Naini Rajender Reddy of Indian National Congress is currently representing the constituency.

Warangal district
Warangal district (formerly Warangal Rural district)  is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The district shares boundaries with Mahabubabad, Jangaon, Hanamkonda, Mulugu and Bhupalpally districts.

As of June 2021, Hanamkonda tentatively serves as the district headquarters of both Hanamkonda and Warangal districts. Warangal city is proposed to replace Hanamkonda as the new headquarters of the Warangal district.

The district was formed in 2016 by carving out Warangal Rural district from the erstwhile Warangal district. In August 2021, the Warangal Rural district was renamed back to Warangal district. Warangal and Khila Warangal mandals are transferred to the newly formed Warangal district.
California State Lottery
The California State Lottery began in October 1985 after voters authorized it in Proposition 37, the California State Lottery Act of 1984. It offers a range of games including number draws, scratchcards and a mock horse race. The earnings provide supplementary funding for public education.

Keno
Keno /kiːnoʊ/ is a lottery-like gambling game often played at modern casinos, and also offered as a game in some lotteries.

Players wager by choosing numbers ranging from 1 through (usually) 80. After all players make their wagers, 20 numbers (some variants draw fewer numbers) are drawn at random, either with a ball machine similar to ones used for lotteries and bingo, or with a random number generator.

Each casino sets its own series of payouts, called "paytables". The player is paid based on how many numbers were chosen (either player selection, or the terminal picking the numbers), the number of matches out of those chosen, and the wager.

There are a wide variety of keno paytables depending on the casino, usually with a larger "house edge" than other games, ranging from less than 4 percent to over 35 percent in online play, and 20–40% in in-person casinos. By way of comparison, the typical house edge for non-slot casino games is under 5%.
Tiny Naudé
Jacobus Pieter Naudé (2 November 1936 – 28 December 2006) was a South African rugby union international.

Naudé was born in the town of Warrenton and attended Klerksdorp High School. Most of his provincial rugby was played for Western Province and his local Cape Town club was Hamilton RFC. He played in eight matches for Transvaal.

Between 1963 and 1968, Naudé represented the Springboks as a lock in 14 Test matches. He is best remembered for his match-winning penalty kick against the All Blacks in Christchurch in 1965, with three-minutes remaining. A win had been needed to keep the series alive and the muddy conditions as well as awkward angle made it a difficult kick.

Naudé worked for a period of time on the Western Transvaal gold mines and later for a chemical company. He died at a Somerset West hospital in 2006 at the age of 70, having fought Alzheimer's disease for several years.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Michael Shellenberger
Michael D. Shellenberger (born June 16, 1971) is an American author and journalist. He is the first endowed professor at the University of Austin, serving as CBR Chair of Politics, Censorship, and Free Speech. Shellenberger is a prominent heterodox thinker on topics including climate change and homelessness. He also founded the online newsletter Public, which is the second largest Substack in news.

Shellenberger has been active in critiquing the environmental movement, offering alternative views on climate threats and policies. He contends that while global warming is a concern, it is "not the end of the world", and advocates for the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), industrial agriculture, fracking, and nuclear power as tools for environmental protection. Shellenberger ran for governor of California in 2018 and 2022, but was unsuccessful in both campaigns.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Crocolandia Foundation
The Crocolandia Foundation Inc., founded in 2001, is a nature conservation center located in Talisay City, Cebu, Philippines. The park houses birds, lizards, snakes, and crococodiles. The park also breeds endangered animals such as the Philippine crocodile and the sailfin lizard. The park's most famous resident is Lapu-Lapu, an estuarine crocodile. Other animals include civets, rufous hornbill,  water buffalo, monitor lizards, myna, iguana, squirrel, turtles,  peacock, deer and a Visayan warty pig. The park also has a museum, a library, gardens, and fishponds. The park is the first of its kind in Central Visayas.

Monitor lizard
Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the southern United States as an invasive species.  About 94 species are recognized.

Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm (7.9 in) in some species such as Varanus sparnus, to over 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the Komodo dragon, though the extinct megalania (Varanus priscus) may have reached lengths of more than 7 m (23 ft). Most monitor species are terrestrial, but many are also arboreal or semiaquatic. While most monitor lizards are carnivorous, eating smaller reptiles, fish, birds, insects, small mammals, and eggs, a few species also eat fruit and vegetation.
WTMD
WTMD (89.7 FM) is a non-commercial public radio station licensed to Towson, Maryland, and serving the Baltimore metropolitan area. It broadcasts an adult album alternative (AAA) radio format and is owned by Baltimore Public Media, along with NPR affiliate WYPR 88.1 FM. It holds periodic on-air fundraisers and seeks donations on its website.

WTMD has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 10,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna. The transmitter is on Olympic Place in Towson.  WTMD broadcasts using HD Radio technology.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Mardaani (film series)
Mardaani is an Indian Hindi-language crime-thriller film series produced by Aditya Chopra under Yash Raj Films. It follows police officer Shivani Shivaji Roy (Rani Mukerji) as she takes on powerful criminal networks, exposing and dismantling systems of violence against women. The first instalment Mardaani, directed by Pradeep Sarkar, released on 22 August 2014. Its sequel Mardaani 2, directed by Gopi Puthran, released on 13 December 2019. The third and final instalment Mardaani 3, directed by Abhiraj Minawala, was released on 30 January 2026.

The films have explored social issues such as human trafficking, child abduction, systemic misogyny, and violence against women such as rape and serial killings.

Aditya Chopra
Aditya Chopra (born 21 May 1971) is an Indian film director, producer, and studio executive who works in Hindi Cinema. He is the Chairman of India's multi-national film, media, and entertainment conglomerate Yash Raj Films (YRF). The films he has produced make him the highest grossing Indian film producer of all time.

Having denied Chopra admission into the National School of Drama due to his severe stammering as a young applicant, the Film Division of India eventually honored him with the National Award for his achievements in 1995, 2004, 2007 and 2015.  Widely regarded as the most influential executive in Indian entertainment, Chopra has however rejected the publicity and fame that came with being Yash Chopra's son and the chief executive of Yash Raj Films.
Virochana
Virochana (Sanskrit: विरोचन, romanized: Virocana) is an asura king in Hinduism. He is the son of Prahlada, the grandson of Hiranyakashipu (according to the Atharvaveda (VIII.10.22), and the father of Bali.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Basava Express
The 17307 / 17308 Basava Express is an express train belonging to South Western Railway zone that runs between Mysuru and Bagalkot in India. It is currently being operated with 17307/17308 train numbers on a daily basis.

Solapur railway station
Solapur railway station is located in Solapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra category NSG-2 and serves Solapur city and the industrial belt around it. It is headquarters of Solapur Railway Division and a part of Central Railway zone.

Solapur lies on the planned Mumbai–Hyderabad high-speed rail corridor. The possibility of an Ahmednagar Karmala railway line is also being explored.
Mawsonia (fish)
Mawsonia is an extinct genus of prehistoric coelacanth fish. It is amongst the largest of all coelacanths, with one quadrate specimen (DGM 1.048-P) possibly belonging to an individual measuring 5.3 metres (17.4 feet) in length. It lived in freshwater and brackish environments from the late Jurassic to the mid-Cretaceous (Kimmeridgian to Cenomanian stages, about 152 to 96 million years ago) of South America, eastern North America, and Africa. Mawsonia was first described by British paleontologist Arthur Smith Woodward in 1907.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).