hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agriculture in Libya
Although agriculture is the second-largest sector in the economy, Libya depends on imports in most foods. Climatic conditions and poor soils limit farm output, and domestic food production meets about 25% of demand. Domestic conditions limit output, while income and population growth have increased food consumption.
 Because of low rainfall, agricultural projects like the Kufra Oasis rely on underground water sources. Libya's primary agricultural water source remains the Great Man-made River (GMMR), but significant resources are being invested in desalinization research to meet growing demand. Libyan agricultural projects and policies are overseen by a General Inspector; there is no Ministry of Agriculture, per se.

Import
Import is the activity within international trade which involves buying and receiving goods and services produced in another country. An importer is a person, organization or country receiving imported goods which have been exported from another country. Importation and exportation are the defining financial transactions of international trade. The seller of such goods and services is called an exporter.

In international trade, the importation and exportation of goods are limited by import quotas and mandates from the customs authority. The importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a tariff (tax) on the goods. In addition, the importation and exportation of goods are subject to trade agreements between the importing and exporting jurisdictions.
Paul White (journalist)
Paul Welrose White (June 6, 1902 – July 9, 1955) was an American journalist and news director who founded the Columbia Broadcasting System's news division in 1933 and directed it for 13 years. His leadership spanned World War II and earned a 1945 Peabody Award for CBS Radio. After his departure from CBS in 1946 he wrote a textbook on broadcast journalism, News on the Air (1947). Since 1956 the Radio Television Digital News Association has presented the Paul White Award for lifetime achievement as its highest honor.

News director
A news director  is an individual at a broadcast station or network who is in charge of the news department.  In local news, the news director is typically in charge of the entire news staff, including journalists, news presenters, photographers, copy writers, television producers, and other technical staff.  The director also keeps track of how the show is going on, as well as communicating with the producer on matters pertaining to the broadcast.

Typically, the only individual at a station/network or publication who wields more power than the news director is a general manager or company president.
1475 Tenochtitlan earthquake
The 1475 Tenochtitlan earthquake (9 Cane of the Aztec calendar) was an earthquake that occurred in Ancient Mexico-Tenochtitlan (current Mexico City), during the reign of Tlatoani Axayacatl. Because it happened during Pre-Hispanic times, little is known about this earthquake, but it is considered to be perhaps the most significant of those dates.

The only record appears in the Aubin Codex, and thanks to Spanish franciscan friar Juan de Torquemada who reported in his book, Monarquia Indiana according to the codex, that the earthquake "Was so strong that not only did many houses fall, but the mountains and mountains in many places they crumbled and fell apart". The Mexicas considered the earthquake as the prophecy of the end of their Empire.

Prophecy
In religion, mythology, and fiction, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet) by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divine will or law, or preternatural knowledge, for example of future events. They can be revealed to the prophet in various ways depending on the religion and the story, such as visions, or direct interaction with divine beings in physical form. Stories of prophetic deeds sometimes receive considerable attention and some have been known to survive for centuries through oral tradition or as religious texts.
Like Mike
Like Mike is a 2002 American sports comedy film directed by John Schultz and written by Michael Elliot and Jordan Moffet. Starring Lil' Bow Wow, Morris Chestnut, Jonathan Lipnicki, Brenda Song, Robert Forster, Crispin Glover, and Eugene Levy, the film follows an orphan who gets basketball talents after finding an old pair of sneakers that once belonged to Michael Jordan.

It was produced by NBA Productions, and features cameo appearances by NBA players. The film was released on July 3, 2002, by 20th Century Fox, three years after Jordan left the Chicago Bulls, one year before Jordan retired for the third (and last) time from the NBA, and during his playing career with the Washington Wizards (Jordan's first retirement was 1993).

Like Mike received mixed reviews from critics. In later years, the film became a fan favorite among basketball fans.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Vishal Kumar (politician)
Vishal Kumar is an Indian politician and a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly (MLA). He hails from Narkatiya in the East Champaran district of Bihar. Vishal Kumar holds a degree in Science from M.S. College, Muzaffarpur. A member of the Janata Dal (United) party, he contested and won the Narkatiya Assembly constituency in the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election to become an MLA.

East Champaran district
East Champaran district or Purvi Champaran district is an administrative district in the Tirhut division of the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarter is located at Motihari. Prior to 1971, there was a single Champaran District. On 1 December 1971, it was divided into East and West Champaran (Purvi and Paschimi Champaran). In early days the land of East Chamapran was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.
Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan
Abdulkarim Satuq Bughra Khan (Uyghur: سۇلتان سۇتۇق بۇغراخان; also spelled Satuk; died 955) was a Kara-Khanid khan; he was one of the first Turkic rulers to convert to Islam, which prompted his Kara-Khanid subjects to convert.

There are different historical accounts of the Satuq's life with some variations. Sources include Mulhaqāt al-Surāh (Supplement to the "Surah") by Jamal Qarshi (b. 1230/31) who quoted an earlier 11th-century text, Tarikh-i Kashghar (History of Kashgar) by Abū-al-Futūh 'Abd al-Ghāfir ibn al-Husayn al-Alma'i, an account by an Ottoman historian, known as the Munajjimbashi, and a fragment of a manuscript in Chagatai, Tazkirah Bughra Khan (Memory of Bughra Khan).

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
Port Shepstone Lighthouse
The Port Shepstone Lighthouse is an 8 m high, round cast iron tower in Port Shepstone, at the mouth of the Umzimkulu River on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It was commissioned on 10 March 1905.

The lighthouse is painted with a checkered black and white pattern. The electric light, mounted on a rotating system, produces 1,130,000 CD and can be seen 26 nautical miles away. The light flashes once every 6 seconds and has a focal plane of 24 m above the high water mark.

The lighthouse was originally located at Scottburgh, at the southern end of Aliwal Shoal (site of several ship wrecks), and later transferred to its current position.

The lighthouse was declared a national monument in 1995.

The lighthouse replaced an earlier signal station, set up in 1895, which had a ship masthead lantern at the top of a ladder-like structure.

Aliwal Shoal
The Aliwal Shoal is a rocky reef which is the remains of an ancient sand dune approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) off the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The reef is inhabited by many kinds of hard and soft corals and other marine invertebrates, and a variety of tropical and subtropical fish species. Aliwal Shoal was named after the near-sinking in 1849 of the three-masted vessel Aliwal, captained by James Anderson. There are two wrecks near the reef that are popular recreational dive sites. The Norwegian bulk carrier MV Produce sank in 1974, and SS Nebo sank in 1884. Aliwal Shoal has diverse marine life, including large predators, and is popular as a recreational scuba diving destination. The Shoal is known especially for its abundance of Grey nurse sharks (known locally as ragged tooth sharks or "raggies") between July and November when the sharks congregate there to mate.
Leptothrix (bacterium)
Leptothrix is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the class Betaproteobacteria.  The name is from the Greek leptos thrix (literally 'fine hair').  They occur in standing or slow-flowing, ferruginous, neutral to slightly acidic fresh waters with only low concentrations of organic matter. The energy metabolism of Leptothrix is strictly aerobic, oxidative, and chemoorganoheterotrophic. Five species are known: L. ochracea, L. discophora, L. cholodnii, L. lopholea, and L. mobilis.

Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material or natural organic matter (NOM) is the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life. Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Organic matter is very important in the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.
Thomas Trenchard (1672–1703)
Thomas Trenchard (1672–1703), of Wolveton, Charminster, Dorset, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Dorchester in 1689, 17 December 1690 and February 1701. He represented Wareham in 1695 and 1698, and Dorset in December 1701.

Dorchester (UK Parliament constituency)
Dorchester was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Dorchester in Dorset.  It returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of England, Great Britain and House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1295 to 1868, when its representation was reduced to one member.

The constituency was abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, after which Dorchester was placed in the new Dorset South constituency.  In 1918 it was transferred to Dorset West, where it has remained since.
Aumann
Aumann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franz Joseph Aumann, (1728–1797), Austrian composer

Georg Aumann (1906–1980), German mathematician

Raimond Aumann (born 1963), German footballer

Robert Aumann (born 1930), Israeli mathematician
Aumann's agreement theorem

Susan L. M. Aumann (born 1960), American politician from Maryland

Aumann's agreement theorem
Aumann's agreement theorem states that two Bayesian agents with the same prior beliefs cannot "agree to disagree" about the probability of an event if their individual beliefs are common knowledge. In other words, if it is commonly known what each agent believes about some event, and both agents are rational and update their beliefs using Bayes' rule, then their updated (posterior) beliefs must be the same.

Informally, the theorem implies that rational individuals who start from the same assumptions and share all relevant information—even just by knowing each other's opinions—must eventually come to the same conclusions. If their differing beliefs about something are common knowledge, they must in fact agree.

The theorem was proved by Robert Aumann in his 1976 paper "Agreeing to Disagree", which also introduced the formal, set-theoretic definition of common knowledge.
These Words (album)
These Words is the debut album of Japanese singer Angela Aki, released on January 4, 2000. The album is completely in English and is her only album to date released in the United States. Tony Alany is credited with working on and producing the album. Alany and Aki recorded the album in a recording studio located in a back room of a coffee house in Vienna, Virginia called Jam'n Java. Following production of the album, Tony Alany and Aki were married.

Vienna, Virginia
Vienna (/viˈɛnə/) is a town in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, and a suburb of Washington D.C.  As of the 2020 U.S. census, Vienna had a population of 16,473. It was first settled by Europeans in the mid-18th century. In 1861, the Battle of Vienna, one of the earliest American Civil War battles, was fought in Vienna. The Vienna Town Council, which governs the town, is composed of a mayor and six councilmembers. The town's education is served mainly by Fairfax County Public Schools.
2007 ASTRA Awards
The 5th Annual ASTRA Awards were presented on Monday 23 April 2007 at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney.

Four new awards was added to the Marketing and Promotions category this year:

Most Outstanding Creative Campaign

Most Creative Off-air Promotion (For a Program, Series or Event)

Most Outstanding Program Promotion Campaign

Most Creative Use of Technology for a Consumer Application

Performers at the awards included Australian acts, Evermore, Sneaky Sound System, and Juke Kartel.

Rock Star: Supernova
Rock Star: Supernova is the second season of the reality television show Rock Star.  The show, hosted by Dave Navarro and Brooke Burke, featured 15 contestants competing to become the lead vocalist for a newly formed supergroup featuring Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee, former Metallica bassist Jason Newsted, and former Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke.

On September 13, 2006, Lukas Rossi was crowned the winner and became the frontman of the band Rock Star Supernova.
Les Vallées de la Vanne
Les Vallées de la Vanne (French pronunciation: [le vale də la van] ⓘ, literally The Valleys of the Vanne) is a commune in the Yonne department of central France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Theil-sur-Vanne, Chigy and Vareilles.

Yonne
Yonne (French: [jɔn], in Burgundian: Ghienne) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is located in its northwestern part, bordering Île-de-France. It was created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Its prefecture is Auxerre, with subprefectures in Avallon and Sens. Its INSEE and postcode number is 89.

Yonne is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's fourth-most populous department, with a population of 335,707 (2019). Its largest city is its prefecture Auxerre, with a population of about 35,000 within city limits and 68,000 in the urban area.
2023 in the Philippines
2023 in the Philippines details notable events that occurred in the Philippines in 2023.

On July 21, 2023, President Bongbong Marcos announced that the government will formally lift the COVID-19 state of public health emergency, marking the end of the three years of the pandemic. The emergency was officially lifted the following day.

Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: /ˈpɛsɔː/ PEH-saw, /ˈpiː-/ PEE-, plural pesos; Filipino: piso [ˈpisɔː, ˈpɪsɔː]; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.

The peso has the symbol "₱", introduced during American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".

The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on January 3, 1949, as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.
Holystone, Northumberland
Holystone is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Harbottle, in Northumberland, England. 
It lies on the edge of (and just within) the Northumberland National Park on the north bank of the River Coquet. A significant landmark is Holy Well, traditionally the site of early Christian baptisms, and the source of Holystone's water supply. In 1951 the parish had a population of 71.

In the early 12th century Holystone became the home of a priory of Augustinian Canonesses. The priory buildings were demolished during the reformation in 1541.

In 1903, Newcastle upon Tyne-based architect Frank West Rich purchased Dues Hill Grange and 3000 acres of land in Holystone, which he subsequently renovated.

Canoness
A canoness is a member of a religious community of women, historically a stable community dedicated to the celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours in a particular church. The name corresponds to a canon, the male equivalent, and both roles share a common historical origin. As with the canons, there are two types: canonesses regular, who follow the Rule of St Augustine, and secular canonesses, who follow no monastic rule of life.

In the 21st century, the term has come to extend to women exercising the historically male role of canon in some Anglican context. Many female Anglican clerics however use the title canon and not canoness (see Male as norm), e.g., Sarah Foot.
Iuliia Mendel
Iuliia Volodymyrivna Mendel (Ukrainian: Юлія Володимирівна Мендель; born 3 September 1986) is a Ukrainian journalist and political advisor. She was the press secretary in the administration of Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy from June 3, 2019, until July 9, 2021.

Political consulting
Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns. Although the most important role of political consultants is arguably the development and production of mass media (largely television, direct mail, and digital advertising), consultants advise campaigns on many other activities, ranging from opposition research and voter polling, to field strategy and get out the vote efforts.
Bower Ashton
Bower Ashton is a neighbourhood in south west Bristol on the western boundary with North Somerset, lying within the Southville ward, approximately two miles from the city centre. Ashton Court estate, a 850-acre (3.4 km2) recreational area owned by Bristol City Council lies just to the north, the Long Ashton by-pass (Brunel Way, the A370) to the south and the River Avon to the east.

The area is now mainly residential but also includes the Faculty of Arts, Creative Industries and Education (formerly the School of Creative Arts) of the University of the West of England, Ashton Park School, which is a specialist Sports College, as well as about 180 allotments in 5 different areas. Clifton Bridge and Ashton Gate railway stations are both now closed, but there is some pressure to reopen the latter as part of a rapid transit link from Portishead.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Gary Malkowski
Gary Malkowski (born July 26, 1958) is a former Canadian provincial politician. He represented the riding of York East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 1995, as a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP). He was Canada's first deaf parliamentarian, and the first deaf parliamentarian in the world to address a legislature in a sign language, specifically American Sign Language. He was formerly a table tennis player who went onto represent Canada at the Deaflympics in 1977 and 1985.

York East (provincial electoral district)
York East was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada. It was formed in 1867, the same year as the beginning of the country and it elected members up until 1999 when it was dissolved. Initially it covered a large swath of territory stretching from Lake Ontario north to Richmond Hill. It was formed based on the eastern part of the county of York. Over time as the population increased, the territory was reduced. By the late 1950s it represented only a portion of the borough of East York, a small municipality on the edge of Toronto. In 1999 it was abolished and its remaining territory was distributed between Beaches—East York and Don Valley West ridings.
Recombinant feline interferon omega
Recombinant feline interferon omega (RFeIFN-ω), sold under the brand name Virbagen Omega among others, is a recombinant version of a cat interferon alpha. It is used to treat a range of viral diseases in cats and dogs, including canine parvovirus, feline leukemia virus (FeLV), and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in many countries. It is approved to be used by injection under the skin. RFeIFN-ω is produced in silkworm larvae using a baculovirus vector.

Side effects include hyperthermia and decrease in white blood cell count. These effects tend to be mild and transient. It is a immunostimulant in the interferon family.

The feline interferon "omega" gene was first cloned in 1992. It was first produced in silkworms by Ueda and coworkers in 1993. The protein is around 60% identical to human alpha interferons, but the Ueda team deemed it an "omega-type" interferon due to some motifs. Phylogenic analysis in 2007 puts it as an alpha-type interferon.

Canine parvovirus
Canine parvovirus (also referred to as CPV, CPV2, or parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs and wolves. CPV is highly contagious and is spread from dog to dog by direct or indirect contact with their feces. Vaccines can prevent this infection, but mortality can reach 91% in untreated cases. Treatment often involves veterinary hospitalization. Canine parvovirus often infects other mammals including foxes, cats, and skunks. Felines (cats) are also susceptible to panleukopenia, a different strain of parvovirus.