hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Potato production in Algeria
The cultivation of potatoes is a major part of the agricultural industry of Algeria. The country was the 17th-largest producer of potatoes in the world in 2018. Production is centred on two regions: the Mediterranean coast and the desert around El Oued. Growing conditions in the coast are broadly conventional in earth furrows while at El Oued centre pivot irrigation predominates, with the potatoes grown in sand. Only an insignificant minority of the crop is factory-processed.

Phthorimaea operculella
Phthorimaea operculella, also known as the potato tuber moth or tobacco splitworm, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is an oligophagous insect that feeds on the plant family Solanaceae and is especially known for being a major pest of potato crops. Currently farmers utilize insecticides, parasites, and sprinkler irrigation in order to prevent P. operculella from infesting their croplands.

The potato tuber moth also has a rare oviposition process where the ovipositor contains sensors that pick up on chemical signals given off by the host plant. Therefore, the adult female moth only needs to be within the vicinity of a host plant to lay her eggs.
Streptococcus thermophilus
Streptococcus thermophilus formerly known as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus is a gram-positive bacterium, and a fermentative facultative anaerobe, of the viridans group. It tests negative for cytochrome, oxidase, and catalase, and positive for alpha-hemolytic activity. It is non-motile and does not form endospores. S. thermophilus is fimbriated.

It is also classified as a lactic acid bacterium. S. thermophilus is found in fermented milk products and is generally used in the production of yogurt, alongside Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. The two species are synergistic, and S. thermophilus probably provides L. d. bulgaricus with folic acid and formic acid, which it uses for purine synthesis.
S. thermophilus has an optimal growth temperature range of 35–42 °C (95–108 °F), while L. d. bulgaricus has an optimal range of 43–46 °C (109–115 °F).

Hemolysis (microbiology)
Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms. This is particularly useful in classifying streptococcal species. A substance that causes hemolysis is called a hemolysin.
Adrian Rollini
Adrian Francis Rollini (June 28, 1903 – May 15, 1956) was an American jazz multi-instrumentalist who primarily played the bass saxophone, piano, and vibraphone. He is also known for playing novelty instruments such as the couesnophone (or goofus*), a free-reed instrument resembling a saxophone, and the hot fountain pen, a sort of keyless miniature clarinet.

As a leader, his major recordings included "You've Got Everything" (1933), "Savage Serenade" (1933) and "Got The Jitters" (1934) "A Thousand Good Nights" (1934) on Vocalion, "Davenport Blues", "Nothing But Notes", "Tap Room Swing", "Jitters", "Riverboat Shuffle" (1934) on Decca, and "Small Fry" (1938) on Columbia.

Cliff Edwards
Cliff Edwards (June 14, 1895 – July 17, 1971), nicknamed "Ukulele Ike", was an American pop singer, musician and actor. He enjoyed considerable popularity in the 1920s and early 1930s, specializing in jazzy renditions of pop standards and novelty tunes, including  "Singin' in the Rain" in 1929. Later in his career, he appeared in films and did voices for animated cartoons, and is well-remembered as the voice of Jiminy Cricket in Walt Disney's Pinocchio (1940) (introducing the standard "When You Wish Upon a Star") and Fun and Fancy Free (1947), and Dandy Crow in Walt Disney's Dumbo (1941).
Ronnie Dunn (album)
Ronnie Dunn is the debut solo studio album by American country music artist Ronnie Dunn. It was released on June 7, 2011, by Arista Nashville. The album was Dunn's first release of solo music in nearly 25 years; he released three singles in the 1980s without issuing an album.

The album's first single, "Bleed Red", was released to country music radio on January 31, 2011, and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. A second single, "Cost of Livin'", was scheduled to be released to radio on June 27, 2011, but the single entered the country chart two weeks before its release, debuting at number 56.

Arista Nashville
Arista Nashville was an American record label that served as a wholly owned division of Sony Music, operated under the Sony Music Nashville division. Founded in 1989, the label specialized in country music artists, including Alan Jackson, Brooks & Dunn, Brad Paisley, and Carrie Underwood. The label had operated three sister labels: Career Records, Arista Austin, and Arista Texas/Latin.
Eddie Usher
Edward Usher (June 19, 1898 – April 1973) was an American football fullback and halfback. He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team in 1918, 1920 and 1921.

Usher later played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo All-Americans, Rock Island Independents, Green Bay Packers and Kansas City Blues for 3 seasons before retiring in 1924.

Kansas City Cowboys (NFL)
The Kansas City Cowboys were a National Football League team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The team was founded as the Kansas City Blues in 1924, and as the Kansas City Cowboys in 1925 and 1926. The Blues competed as a traveling team, playing all of their NFL games in other cities' stadiums in their only year under that name. LeRoy Andrews acted as the team's player-coach.
1994 Maranhão gubernatorial election
The Maranhão gubernatorial election of 1994 was held in the Brazilian state of Maranhão on October 3, alongside Brazil's general elections, with a second round on November 16. Liberal Front Party (PFL) candidate Roseana Sarney was elected on November 16, 1994.

Democrats (Brazil)
The Democrats (Portuguese: Democratas, DEM) was a centre-right political party in Brazil that merged with the Social Liberal Party to found the Brazil Union in 2021. It was founded in 1985 under the name of Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal, PFL) from a dissidence of the defunct Democratic Social Party (PDS), successor to the National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), the official party during the military dictatorship of 1964–1985. It changed to its current name in 2007. The original name reflected the party's support of free market policies, rather than the identification with international liberal parties. Instead, the party affiliated itself to the international federations of Christian-democratic (CDI) and conservative parties (IDU). The Democrats' identification number is 25 and its colors are green, blue, and white.

In October 2021, the party announced its merger with the Social Liberal Party into the new Brazil Union (Portuguese: União Brasil, UNIÃO) party.
Minnesota's 1st Senate district
The 1st Senate district of Minnesota is one of 67 districts in the Minnesota Senate. Located in northwest Minnesota, the district comprises all of Kittson, Marshall, Norman,Pennington, Polk, Red Lake, and Roseau counties, as well as Felton, Hagen, and Ulen townships in Clay County. It is currently represented by Republican Mark Johnson, who has been in office since 2017.

Clay County, Minnesota
Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,318, and was estimated to be 66,848 in 2024, Its county seat is Moorhead.

Clay County is part of the Fargo, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Nevada State Route 663
State Route 663 (SR 663) was an east–west state highway in Washoe County, Nevada serving the Reno-Sparks area. The route was turned over to local control in 2010.

Oddie Boulevard was named after former Republican U.S. Senator Tasker Oddie.

Sparks, Nevada
Sparks is a city in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. It was founded in 1904, incorporated on March 15, 1905, and is located just east of Reno. As of the 2020 census, Sparks had a population of 108,445. It is the fifth most populous city in Nevada. It is named after John Sparks, Nevada governor (1903–1908), and a member of the Silver Party.

Sparks is located within the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area.
Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
The Revolutionary Nationalist Groups (French: Groupes nationalistes révolutionnaires, GNR) were a French far-right organization which gathered the revolutionary nationalist tendency between 1976 and 1978.

Founded by François Duprat and his friend, Alain Renault, they structured the radical tendency of the National Front (FN) after the rallying to the FN of the Fédération d'Action Nationale et Européenne (FANE) in 1974.

Revolutionary nationalism
Revolutionary nationalism is a name that has been applied to the political philosophy of many different types of nationalist political movements that wish to achieve their goals through a revolution against the established order. Individuals and organizations described as being revolutionary nationalist include some political currents within the French Revolution, Irish republicans engaged in armed struggle against the British crown, the Cần Vương movement against French rule in Vietnam, the Indian independence movement in the 20th century, some participants in the Mexican Revolution, Benito Mussolini and the Italian Fascists, the Autonomous Government of Khorasan in 1920s Iran, Augusto Cesar Sandino, the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement in Bolivia, black nationalism in the United States, and some African independence movements.
Frolic-class gunvessel
The Frolic-class gunvessels were a class of composite gunboats built for the Royal Navy in the early 1870s.  They were generally deployed overseas to the East Indies, West Africa, and China Stations. In addition to showing the flag, the ships fought pirates and suppressed the slave trade in East Africa. They were placed in reserve in the mid-1880s, and two of them were sold for scrap by the end of the decade. The other pair survived for longer as they were either modified for harbour service or became a training ship before being sold or scrapped. The last survivor, Ready, was used in support of William Beebe's expedition in his bathysphere in 1930 off Bermuda.

East Indies Station
The East Indies Station was a formation and command of the British Royal Navy. Created in 1744 by the Admiralty, it was under the command of the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.

Even in official documents, the term East Indies Station was often used. In 1941, the ships of the China Squadron and East Indies Squadron were merged to form the Eastern Fleet under the control of the Commander-in-Chief, Eastern Fleet. The China Station then ceased as a separate command. The East Indies Station was disbanded in 1958.

It encompassed Royal Navy Dockyards and bases in East Africa, Middle East, India and Ceylon, and other ships not attached to other fleets. For many years under rear admirals, from the 1930s the Commander-in-Chief was often an Admiral or a Vice-Admiral.
Edward Houseman
Edward Outram Houseman (19 March 1869 – 10 April 1942) was an English cricketer. who played for Derbyshire in one game during the 1897 season.

Houseman was born in Dronfield, Derbyshire. His only game for Derbyshire was against Lancashire in the 1897 season. He was out for a duck in the first innings and scored four runs in the second in a match which Derbyshire lost by a one-wicket margin. Houseman was a right-handed batsman.

In 1893 Houseman married Ada Ingham in the Prsecot district and by 1904 they had moved to Westhoughton, Lancashire. In 1910 their son Edward was killed in the Pretoria Pit Disaster and is commemorated on a plaque erected by the Bolton and District Cricket Association on the face of Westhoughton Town Hall.

Houseman died at Westhoughton at the age of 73.

Westhoughton
Westhoughton (/wɛstˈhɔːtən/ west-HAW-tən) is a town and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England, 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Bolton, 5 miles (8 km) east of Wigan and 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Manchester.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Westhoughton was once a centre for coal mining, cotton-spinning and textile manufacture. It had a population of 24,974 at the 2011 census.

Westhoughton incorporates several former villages and hamlets which have their own distinctive character, sports traditions and amenities, including Wingates, White Horse, Over Hulton, Four Gates, Chequerbent, Hunger Hill, Snydale, Hart Common, Marsh Brook, Daisy Hill and Dobb Brow.
Miguel Javid Hernández
Miguel Javid Hernández Rodríguez (born March 20, 1976) is a Mexican football manager and former player.

Hernández played in the Mexican Primera División with Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz and Monarcas Morelia, debuting in 1994 with Veracruz.

C.D. Veracruz
Club Deportivo Veracruz, simplified as CD Veracruz, and also known as Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz, was a Mexican professional football club based in Veracruz. Until 2019, it competed in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and played its home matches at the Estadio Luis "Pirata" Fuente.

Domestically, CD Veracruz won two Liga MX titles and two Copa MX titles.

In December 2019, the FMF announced the disaffiliation of Veracruz from the Liga MX due to economic debts with first team players, its youth system, and the league.
Harold Franks
Harold Franks (2 October 1891 – 1973) was a British light heavyweight professional boxer who competed in the 1920s. He won a bronze medal in Boxing at the 1920 Summer Olympics losing against Norwegian boxer Sverre Sorsdal in the semi-finals.

Franks won the inaugural Amateur Boxing Association 1920 light heavyweight title, when boxing out of the St. Pancras ABC.

England Boxing
England Boxing, known until 2013 as the Amateur Boxing Association of England, is the leading governing body of amateur boxing clubs in England. There are separate organisations for Scotland and Wales with boxing in Northern Ireland being organised on an All-Ireland basis. The Association was founded in 1880.
SMPlayer
SMPlayer is a cross-platform graphical front-end for MPlayer and mpv and forks of Mplayer using GUI widgets offered by Qt. SMPlayer is free and open-source software subject to the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or later. SMplayer has been localized in more than 30 languages.

Qt (software)
Qt (/ˈkjuːt/ pronounced "cute") is a cross-platform application development framework for creating graphical user interfaces as well as cross-platform applications that run on various software and hardware platforms such as Linux, Windows, macOS, Android or embedded systems with little or no change in the underlying codebase while still being a native application with native capabilities and speed.

Qt is currently being developed by The Qt Company, a publicly listed company, and the Qt Project under open-source governance, involving individual developers and organizations working to advance Qt. Qt is available under both commercial licenses and open-source GPL 2.0, GPL 3.0, and LGPL 3.0 licenses.
Tony Maurel
Tony Maurel (born 21 April 1993) is a French professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback or on the wing for the Limoux Grizzlies in the Elite One Championship and France at international level.

Maurel has previously played for Ayguevives, Belberaud Ramonville and the Toulouse Olympique Broncos and Toulouse Olympique in the Championship.

Super XIII
Super XIII is the top level rugby league competition in France, sanctioned by the French Rugby League Federation. The season runs from September to April, which is in contrast to the majority of other major domestic rugby league competitions worldwide. The clubs play each other home and away then they enter into a play-off series culminating with a Grand Final. The competition was founded in 2002, as the Elite One Championship and renamed as Super XIII at the start of the 2024–2025 season. The competition is the continuation of the French Rugby League Championship, which began in 1934.
William F. Henneberry Homestead
The William F. Henneberry Homestead, in Beaverhead County, Montana near Dillon, Montana, was built in 1905.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

It's on what is known as Ney Ranch.

The listing includes four contributing buildings and nine contributing sites.

It is located on what is now Bureau of Land Management (BLM) property.  It includes an 1883 cabin, the 1905 house, a chicken coop, and remnants of several structures, as well as "farm machinery and trash dumps." The 1905 house has been adapted to serve as a rental by the BLM, and non-contributing features have been added.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through the property in 1805.

It is located on the west side of the Beaverhead River, about 2,000 feet (610 m) south of the Dalys, Montana exit off Interstate 15.

Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.  More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers.

In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organization is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
Ejeda
Ejeda is a rural municipality in southwestern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ampanihy, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region.
With  49,915 inhabitants it is the largest town of the Ampanihy Ouest (district).

It is situated at the Route nationale 10 that crosses the Linta River near Ejeda.

Ejeda is served by a local airport. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens.

The majority 60% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 35% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is maize, while other important products are peanuts, cassava and chickpea.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

Ejeda has recorded a temperature of 43.6 °C (110.5 °F), which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Madagascar.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
60th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Battalion
The 60th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Assault Battalion named after M. S. Tolstykh (MUN 08828; Russian: 60-й отдельный гвардейский мотострелковый батальон (штурмовой) имени М. С. Толстых, в/ч 08828), also known as Somalia Battalion (Russian: Батальон Сомали), is a military unit of Russian Ground Forces. Until January 1, 2023, it was part of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). It is attached to the 51st Guards Combined Arms Army. It was commanded by Timur Kurilkin until he was appointed commander of the 9th Motor Rifle Brigade.

Donetsk International Airport
Donetsk Sergei Prokofiev International Airport (IATA: DOK, ICAO: UKCC) is a former airport located 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Donetsk, Ukraine, that was destroyed in 2014 during the war in Donbas. It was built in the 1940s, rebuilt in 1973, and then again from 2011 to 2012 for Euro 2012. In 2013, during its last full year of operation, it handled more than a million passengers. As of December 2025, the airport has been restored for military use.

The airport is named after twentieth-century composer Sergei Prokofiev, who was a native of the region. The former airport, after being destroyed during the 1st and 2nd Battles of Donetsk Airport, has been controlled by the Russian military since 2022.
Anastasiia Rybachok
Anastasiia Andriyivna Rybachok (Ukrainian: Анастасія Андріївна Рибачок; born 13 April 1998, until recently Chetverikova, Четверікова) is a Ukrainian sprint canoeist. She is a two-time Olympic medalist and won silver medals in the women's C-2 500 metres events with Liudmyla Luzan at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and the 2024 Paris Olympics. Rybachok is also a world champion and two-time European champion in the C-2 500 metres. She won her first senior international medal at the 2019 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.

Canoe Sprint European Championships
The Canoe Sprint European Championships (or European Canoe Sprint Championships) is an international canoeing and kayaking event organized by the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was first held in 1933 in Prague under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. In 1997, the European Championships were resumed, and now take place annually.

The most titled athlete of the European Championships is Hungarian Katalin Kovács, who has 29 gold medals, 17 silver medals and 2 bronze medals in her record. Among men, the number of wins is led by German Ronald Rauhe, who won the European championships 17 times.
Reinhard Pekrun
Reinhard Pekrun (born 1952, Braunschweig, Germany) is a psychological scientist and educational researcher best known for his research on achievement emotions. He is a professor at the University of Essex, United Kingdom, and a professorial fellow at the Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney.

American Educational Research Association
The American Educational Research Association (AERA, /ˈɛərə/, AIR-ə) is a professional organization representing education researchers in the United States and around the world.

Founded in 1916, the organization represents a range of disciplines, including education, psychology, statistics, sociology, history, economics, philosophy, anthropology, and political science.

AERA has 25,000 members, including scientists, teachers, students, administrators, representatives of state and local agencies, counselors, and evaluators.

AERA's mission is to advance knowledge about education and promote the use of research in educational practices both nationally and abroad.
Wave (Ive EP)
Wave is the first Japanese extended play (EP) by South Korean girl group Ive. It was released on May 31, 2023, by Starship Entertainment and Ariola Japan. The EP contains 5 tracks, including the lead single of the same name, Japanese versions of the group's Korean singles "After Like" and "Love Dive" and one new original Japanese song, "Classic". The EP topped the charts in Japan, debuting at number one on the Oricon Albums Chart and the Billboard Japan Hot Album.

Starship Entertainment
Starship Entertainment (Korean: 스타쉽 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2008 and became an independent subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment in 2013. It is called one of the "five major agencies" in the Korean music industry.

It has been recognized for its contributions to the Hallyu Wave, being home to several prominent K-pop groups and soloists. These include groups such as Monsta X, WJSN, Cravity, Ive, KiiiKiii, and Idid and soloists such as K.Will and Brother Su, as well as formerly home to Sistar, Boyfriend, Junggigo, Mad Clown, Jooyoung, Soyou, Yoo Seung-woo, Jeong Se-woon, and DJ Soda. It also manages actors under King Kong by Starship.