hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Babur (cruise missile)
The Babur (Urdu: بابر; Military designated: Hatf-VII, Translit: Target–7) is an all-weather, subsonic cruise missile developed by the National Defence Complex (NDC) based on reverse-engineered copies of U.S. BGM-109 Tomahawk missiles recovered by Pakistani intelligence after a 1998 U.S. strike in Afghanistan.: 248  Babur entered military service with the Pakistan Army in 2010; subsequent variants evolved into a submarine-launched missile, which saw its deployment with the Pakistan Navy in 2018.

According to the Pakistani military, a SLCM-variant of Babur has provided Pakistan a much desired and long-sought "credible sea-based second-strike capability, augmenting existing strategic deterrence."

Agosta-class submarine
The Agosta-class submarine is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed and constructed by the French DCNS in the 1970s to succeed the Daphné-class submarines. The submarines have served in the French Navy as well as exported to the navies of Spain and Pakistan. It also used by Royal Malaysian Navy for the training purpose. They were replaced in French service by the Rubis-class nuclear attack submarines but are still in active service with the navies of Spain and Pakistan. The French Navy grouped this model of submarine in their most capable class as an océanique, meaning "ocean-going."

The Agosta class is named for its lead unit, Agosta, which in turn was named for the Battle of Augusta (French: Agosta) of 22 April 1676.
Jelena Agbaba
Jelena Agbaba (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Агбаба; born 29 June 1997) is a Serbian handball player for ŽRK Crvena Zvezda and the Serbian national team.

She represented Serbia at the 2020 European Championship.

Her older sister Marija Laništanin (née Agbaba) is also an international handball player.

2020 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2020 European Women's Handball Championship was held from 3 to 20 December 2020. The games were played in Herning and Kolding, Denmark.

Originally, this tournament would be held with 2 host countries: Norway and Denmark. However, lacking some time for the beginning, Norway renounced the right to seat, respecting the local legislation about the COVID-19 pandemic.

The tournament was also one of the qualification events for the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship. It was also played behind closed doors due to the pandemic.

Norway won the tournament for the eighth time after defeating France in the final. Croatia won the third place game to capture their first ever medal.
Momen Naji
Momen Naji (born 9 October 1996) is a Syrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Syrian club Al-Shorta and the Syrian national football team. He made his debut for the national team in a friendly against Lebanon on 24 May 2015.

Syria national football team
The Syria national football team (Arabic: منتخب سُورِيَا لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Syria in international football, and is controlled by the Syrian Arab Federation for Football, the governing body for football in Syria. Syria has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but did reach the fourth qualification round in 2018. The team was banned by FIFA from playing at home since December 2010. Internationally, Syria won the 2012 WAFF Championship, 1957 Arab Games and the 1987 Mediterranean Games.
Potassium malate
Potassium malate is a compound with formula K2(C2H4O(COO)2). It is the potassium salt of malic acid.

As a food additive, it has the E number E351. It is used as acidity regulator or acidifier for use in, for example, canned vegetables, soups, sauces, fruit products, and soft drinks. It also acts as an antioxidant and a food flavoring agent.

It is an important compound in the transport of nitrate from the roots of a plant to the leaves of the plant. Potassium malate is the salt that transports from the leaves to the root. At the root, the potassium malate oxidizes to potassium carbonate, then is converted to potassium nitrate by soil nitrate and transported back to the leaves.

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.
Hymnal
A hymnal or hymnary is a collection of hymns, usually in the form of a book, called a hymnbook (or hymn book). They are used in congregational singing. A hymnal may contain only hymn texts (normal for most hymnals for most centuries of Christian history); written melodies are extra, and more recently harmony parts have also been provided.

Hymnals are omnipresent in churches but are not often discussed; nevertheless, liturgical scholar Massey H. Shepherd once observed: "In all periods of the Church's history, the theology of the people has been chiefly molded by their hymns."

Congregational singing
Congregational singing is the practice of the congregation participating in the music of a church, either in the form of hymns or a metrical Psalms or a free form Psalm or in the form of the office of the liturgy (for example Gregorian chants). It is contrasted with music being sung exclusively by a choir or cantor(s). Congregational singing was largely the invention of the Protestant Reformation.  Before then, singing in churches, especially in larger urban churches, was largely left to professionals.  The reformers in Strasbourg, in particular, reduced the church service largely to a sermon bookended by congregational singing and prayers.
Quad Cities Rocket
The Quad Cities Rocket was a named passenger train of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. It operated on a route between Chicago and Rock Island, Illinois. It was a remnant of one of the Rock Island's premier trains, the Rocky Mountain Rocket. That train's route had been cut back to Omaha in 1966; after a year without a name, it was renamed The Cornhusker. In 1970, the train took its final form when its western terminus was cut all the way back to Rock Island.

The railroad initially declined to hand passenger operations over to Amtrak in 1971 and the Quad Cities continued to run as one of the company's two remaining routes (the other being the Peoria Rocket). That year, a stop was added at Sheffield. The State of Illinois subsidized the cost of service, contributing $500,000 in 1977 to offset losses by the railroad (equivalent to $2.59 million in 2024 adjusted for inflation). Trains ran until December 31, 1978 when the Rock Island ended its intercity passenger operations.

Sheffield, Illinois
Sheffield is a village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States.  The population was 821 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ottawa Micropolitan Statistical Area.  Sheffield was founded by Joseph E. Sheffield and Henry Farnam in 1852.  Sheffield and Farnam constructed the Chicago and Rock Island Railroad, and the town site was intended as a coaling station for trains.  According to Farnam, he and Sheffield flipped a coin to see for whom the town would be named. A monument to Joseph E. Sheffield, and the Rock Island Railroad stands today in Sheffield's town square.
Emile Degelin
Emile Degelin (16 July 1926 – 20 May 2017) was a Belgian film director and novelist, the director of If the Wind Frightens You His 1963 film Life and Death in Flanders was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1969 film Palaver was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. His final film, De ooggetuige, won the audience prize at the Ghent Film Festival in 1995.

He is seen as one of the pioneers and founders of the Belgian film. Degelin died on 20 May 2017 at his home in Kessel-Lo, a borough of Leuven, Belgium.

13th Berlin International Film Festival
The 13th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 21 June to 2 July 1963.

The Golden Bear was jointly awarded to To Bed or Not to Bed directed by Gian Luigi Polidoro and Bushido, Samurai Saga directed by Tadashi Imai.
Tipping baronets
The Tipping Baronetcy, of Wheatfield in the County of Oxford, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 24 March 1698 for Thomas Tipping, Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire and Wallingford. He was the second son of Sir Thomas Tipping and the great-nephew of the religious writer William 'Eternity' Tipping. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1725.

Oxfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Oxfordshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by two Members of Parliament. In 1832 this was increased to three Members of Parliament. The constituency was abolished in 1885, being split into three single member divisions.

The bitterly contested Oxfordshire election of 1754 was the main inspiration for Hogarth's famous series of paintings and engravings, The Election.
Adomas Drungilas
Adomas Drungilas (born 6 October 1990) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player. In 2021, he won the Icelandic championship with Þór Þorlákshöfn where he was named the Úrvalsdeild Playoffs MVP. In 2016, he won the Austrian Basketball Bundesliga and Austrian Cup with Oberwart Gunners and was named the Cup Final Four MVP. In 2018, he won the Romanian Cup with U-BT Cluj-Napoca. In 2023, he won his second Icelandic championship, this time with Tindastóll.

2020–21 Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
The 2020–21 Úrvalsdeild karla was the 70th season of the Úrvalsdeild karla, the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on 1 October 2020 and ended on 25 June 2021. Þór Þorlákshöfn won its first title by defeating Keflavík 3–1 in the Finals.
Laser direct infrared imaging
Laser direct infrared imaging (LDIR) is an infrared microscopy architecture that utilizes a tunable Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) as the IR source.  This new reflectance-based architecture eliminates coherence artifacts typically associated with QCLs.  It also allows the acquisition of large-area, high-definition IR images as well as high signal-to-noise point spectra.  Extending this architecture using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) allows the acquisition of high fidelity spectra from features less than 10 μm in size.

The application of LDIR to stain-free biochemical imaging has recently been reported, with the authors citing the speed of LDIR imaging as an advantage over traditional IR imaging architectures.

Quantum-cascade laser
Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jérôme Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson, and Alfred Cho at Bell Laboratories in 1994.

Unlike typical interband semiconductor lasers that emit electromagnetic radiation through the recombination of electron–hole pairs across the material band gap, QCLs are unipolar, and laser emission is achieved through the use of intersubband transitions in a repeated stack of semiconductor multiple quantum well heterostructures, an idea first proposed in the article "Possibility of amplification of electromagnetic waves in a semiconductor with a superlattice" by R. F. Kazarinov and R. A. Suris in 1971.
Abrosovo
Abrosovo (Russian: Абросово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Abrosovo, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Verkhnelandekhovsky District of Ivanovo Oblast

Abrosovo, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Pestovsky District of Novgorod Oblast

Abrosovo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pskovsky District of Pskov Oblast

Abrosovo, Vladimir Oblast, a village in Petushinsky District of Vladimir Oblast

Pestovsky District
Pestovsky District (Russian: Песто́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Chagodoshchensky District of Vologda Oblast in the north, Ustyuzhensky District of Vologda Oblast in the northeast, Sandovsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Lesnoy District of Tver Oblast in the south, Moshenskoy District in the west, and with Khvoyninsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,120 square kilometers (820 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pestovo. Population: 21,676 (2010 Census); 23,931 (2002 Census); 25,331 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pestovo accounts for 73.4% of the district's total population.
Assyrian Democratic Party
The Assyrian Democratic Party (Syriac: ܓܒܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܕܝܡܘܩܪܛܝܐ, romanized: Gabā Aṯurāyā Demoqraṭāyā, Arabic: الحزب الآشوري الديمقراطي; short: ADP) is an Assyrian political party active in Syria, that traditionally represents the interests of the Eastern Assyrians of the Khabur valley. Although aiming for the peaceful implementation of democracy in Syria, the party has generally sided and cooperated with the Ba'athist government since the 1990s. In course of the Syrian Civil War, the Assyrian Democratic Party has come to be closely affiliated with the Khabour Guards and Nattoreh. It is part of the Syrian Democratic Council of Rojava.

Qamishli
Qamishli (Kurdish: قامیشلۆ, romanized: Qamişlo; Arabic: القامشلي, romanized: al-Qamishli; Syriac: ܩܡܫܠܝ) is a city in northeastern Syria on the Syria–Turkey border, adjoining the city of Nusaybin in Turkey. The Jaghjagh River flows through the city. With a 2004 census population of 184,231, it is the ninth most-populous city in Syria and the second-largest in Al-Hasakah Governorate after Al-Hasakah. Qamishli has traditionally been a Christian Assyrian majority city, but is now predominantly populated by Kurds with large numbers of Arabs and Assyrians and a smaller number of Armenians. It is 680 kilometres (420 mi) northeast of Damascus.

The city is the administrative capital of the Qamishli District in Al-Hasakah Governorate, and the administrative center of Qamishli Subdistrict, consisting of 92 localities with a combined population of 232,095 in 2004. Qamishli was the de facto capital of the DAANES, until it was moved to Ayn Issa.
L. G. Tang
Linguang Tang is a Professor of Physics at the School of Science at the Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, holding a joint position as faculty at Hampton and as Staff Scientist at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. He completed his B.A. in 1977 from  Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing, China,  M.S. 1981, from the Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China, and PhD in 1987, from the University of Houston, Houston, TX, with Prof. Ed V. Hungerford III. His research group is one of the leading groups in the nation in the area of experimental Hypernuclear physics, with mostly retaining leadership (Spokesperson/co-Spokesperson) roles on virtually all hypernuclear experiments (eg E89-009, E01-011, E02-017, E05-115/E08-002) at the Hall C or (E08-012/PR10-001) to be conducted in Hall A at the CEBAF accelerator.

Hypernucleus
A hypernucleus is similar to a conventional atomic nucleus, but contains at least one hyperon in addition to the normal protons and neutrons. Hyperons are a category of baryon particles that carry non-zero strangeness quantum number, which is conserved by the strong and electromagnetic interactions.

A variety of reactions give access to depositing one or more units of strangeness in a nucleus. Hypernuclei containing the lightest hyperon, the lambda (Λ), tend to be more tightly bound than normal nuclei, though they can decay via the weak force with a mean lifetime of around 200 ps. Sigma (Σ) hypernuclei have been sought, as have doubly-strange nuclei containing xi baryons (Ξ) or two Λ's.
J. M. Pahwa
Jagdish Mitra Pahwa (1922-2001) was an Indian ophthalmologist, social worker and a specialist in Retinal Detachment and Photocoagulation who was reported to have conducted several charitable eye camps in India. Born on 4 July 1922 in Multan in the erstwhile British India (now in Pakistan), he graduated in medicine from the King Edward Medical University, Lahore. He was a 1969 elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences and a recipient of the NAB Rustom Merwanji Alpaiwalla Memorial Award from the National Association for the Blind (India) in 1944. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri in 1973.

India portal

Medicine portal

National Academy of Medical Sciences
National Academy of Medical Sciences (India), better known by its acronym, NAMS, is a non-constitutional, non-statutory advisory body to the Government in matters related to National Health Policy and Planning and as a promoting agency for continuing medical education (CME) for medical and health professionals. It is a part of the Inter Academy Medical Panel (IAMP), a global network of medical academies. The Academy is headquartered at NAMS House, at Ansari Nagar, neighbouring the AIIMS and the ICMR House, along Mahatma Gandhi Marg, in the Indian capital of New Delhi.
Gujeolpan
Gujeolpan (Korean: 구절판) refers to either an elaborate Korean dish consisting of nine different foods assorted on a wooden plate with nine divided sections in an octagon shape or the plate itself. The name is composed of three hanja words: gu (구, "nine" ), jeol (절, "section"), and pan (판, "plate") in Korean. Foods are separated by color and ingredients, and comprise various namul (seasoned leaf vegetables), meats, mushrooms, and seafood items. In the center of the tray is a stack of small jeon (Korean style pancakes) made with wheat flour, which are called miljeonbyeong (밀전병). In addition to its use as a food platter used to serve many dishes of food at once, gujeolpan is also considered a decorative item. It is said to be a well-being food that looks beautiful, tastes good, and is nutritionally balanced.

Namul
Namul (Korean: 나물) refers to either a variety of edible greens or leaves or seasoned herbal dishes made of them. Wild greens are called san-namul (산나물; lit. mountain namul), and spring vegetables are called bom-namul (봄나물; lit. spring namul). On the day of Daeboreum, the first full moon of the year, Koreans eat boreum-namul (보름나물; lit. full moon namul) with five-grain rice. It is believed that boreum namuls eaten in winter help one to withstand the heat of the summer to come.
Slender shortfaced eel
The slender shortfaced eel (Panturichthys longus) is an eel in the family Heterenchelyidae (mud eels). It was described by Ernst Ehrenbaum in 1915, originally under the genus Heterenchelys. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from Benin to Angola in the Gulf of Guinea, in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 149 centimetres.

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Quant (surname)
Quant /kwɒnt/ is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abbie de Quant (born 1946), Dutch flautist

Fritz Quant (1888–1933), German painter, graphic artist, and designer

Jonas Quant (born 1973), Swedish record producer, songwriter, and remixer

Mary Quant (1930–2023), English fashion designer and fashion icon

Mary Quant
Dame Barbara Mary Quant CH DBE FCSD RDI (11 February 1930 – 13 April 2023) was a British fashion designer and icon. She became an instrumental figure in the 1960s London-based Mod and youth fashion movements, and played a prominent role in London's Swinging Sixties culture. She was one of the designers who took credit for the miniskirt and hotpants. Ernestine Carter wrote: "It is given to a fortunate few to be born at the right time, in the right place, with the right talents. In recent fashion there are three: Chanel, Dior, and Mary Quant."
Sikukia gudgeri
Sikukia gudgeri is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. This species is found in the Mekong river system, The species is endemic to the Mekong basin, in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, it is also known from the Tonle Sap system.

This fish is found in large upland rivers, normally near the riverbed where it is sandy. It will go into flooded farmland, although it is always found in water with a current. They strain the sand for plant and animal foods, It is caught in large numbers by trawls and haul seines in the middle Mekong along the frontier between Thailand and Laos.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Legends Never Die (Chinx album)
Legends Never Die is the second and final studio album by American hip hop recording artist Chinx. The album was released on September 16, 2016, by Entertainment One Music, Coke Boys Records, Riot Squad and NuSense Music Group.

MNRK Music Group
MNRK Music Group (pronounced "monarch"), formerly known as Koch Records and Entertainment One (eOne) Music, is an American independent record label and music management company based in New York City. It was formed in 1987 as a music division of Koch Entertainment, which was acquired by and absorbed into Entertainment One (or eOne for short) in 2004. eOne was acquired by toy and multimedia company Hasbro in 2019, absorbed its family brands division in the process and announced the sale of this division to the Blackstone Group in April 2021, which then adopted this name. Hasbro then sold the remains of eOne to Lionsgate, who then rebranded it initially as eOne Canada and then Lionsgate Canada.

MNRK owns the libraries of Artemis Records, Dualtone Records, Last Gang Records and Prosthetic Records.