hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Howard Maupin
Howard Maupin (c. 1815–1887) was an American settler who established a farm and ferry in Oregon at the present-day location of Maupin. He became famous for shooting the Paiute war leader Chief Paulina on April 25, 1867, near the modern town of Madras.

Maupin was born in Clay County, Kentucky, and moved to Missouri as a teenager. In 1863, he traveled to Oregon, settling first in the Willamette Valley. He then moved to Antelope, in central Oregon, where he became the town's first postmaster in 1871. Maupin then moved slightly west, establishing a farm and operating a ferry across the Deschutes River. The city of Maupin was named in his honor by the city's founder, William H. Staats, early in the 20th century; the original name Maupin's Ferry was shortened by postal authorities. He died in 1887.

Clay County, Kentucky
Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 20,345. Clay County is included in the Corbin, Kentucky micropolitan area. Its county seat is Manchester. The county was formed in 1807 and named in honor of Green Clay (1757–1826). Clay was a member of the Virginia and Kentucky State legislatures, first cousin once removed of Henry Clay, U.S. Senator from Kentucky and Secretary of State in the 19th century.
Tumba Silva
Tumba Silva (born April 20, 1986 in Luanda) is an Angolan boxer. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's heavyweight, but lost in a walkover to Clemente Russo in the first round after missing the weigh-in.

Walkover
A walkover, also W.O. or w/o (originally two words: "walk over"), is a victory awarded to the opposing team/player, etc., if there are no other players available, or they have been disqualified, because the other contestants have forfeited or the other contestants have withdrawn from the contest. The term can apply in sport, elections or other contexts where a victory can be achieved by default. The narrow and extended meanings of "walkover" as a single word are both found from 1829. Other sports-specific variations of the term exist,  especially where walking is not involved: competitive rowing, for example, uses the term row over.
Pityrodia byrnesii
Pityrodia byrnesii is a flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae and is endemic to Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. It is a shrub with hairy, glandular stems, stalkless, flat leaves and fragrant, off-white, bell-like flowers with purple stripes inside the tube.

Gland (botany)
In plants, a gland is defined functionally as a plant structure which secretes one or more products.  This may be located on or near the plant surface and secrete externally, or be internal to the plant and secrete into a canal or reservoir.  Examples include glandular hairs, nectaries, hydathodes, and the resin canals in Pinus.
2013 Charlottesville Men's Pro Challenger – Doubles
John Peers and John-Patrick Smith but Peers chose not to compete.
Smith chose to compete with Samuel Groth and lost to eventual champion Steve Johnson and Tim Smyczek.
They defeated Jarmere Jenkins and Donald Young 6–4, 6–3.

Steve Johnson (tennis)
Steve Johnson Jr. (born December 24, 1989) is an American former professional tennis player.

He had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 21 achieved on July 25, 2016, and a doubles ranking of world No. 39 achieved on May 23, 2016.
For one week in August 2016, Johnson was the top-ranked American in men's singles. He won four ATP Tour and nine ATP Challenger Tour titles, one at Nottingham on grass, twice at Houston on clay, and one at Newport on grass. He won a bronze medal in men's doubles at the 2016 Olympics with fellow American Jack Sock.

Johnson played college tennis for the USC Trojans. He won the NCAA Men's Singles Championship in his junior and senior seasons (2011–2012), and he was a part of a Trojan team that won four consecutive NCAA Championships.
Deinandra increscens
Deinandra increscens is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name grassland tarweed. It is endemic to California, where it has been found primarily in Monterey, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties (including Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands). A few isolated populations have been reported from Kern and Merced Counties, but these are from urban areas (Cities of Merced and Bakersfield) and probably represent cultivated specimens.

Deinandra increscens is an annual up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. It has numerous flower heads, often tightly clumped together, each with yellow ray florets and disc florets with yellow corollas but red or purple anthers.

Deinandra bacigalupii, the Livermore tarplant, was previously included under Deinandra increscens ssp. increscens before being separated and elevated to species level in 1999.

Merced County, California
Merced County (/mɜːr.ˈsɛd/ ⓘ mur-SED; Merced, Spanish for "Mercy") is a county located in the northern San Joaquin Valley section of the Central Valley, in the U.S. state of California.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 281,202., and for the 2024 census, the population was 296,774. The county seat is Merced. The county is named after the Merced River.

Merced County comprises the Merced, California Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Modesto-Merced, California Combined Statistical Area. It is located north of Fresno County and Fresno, and southeast of Santa Clara County and San Jose.
Nesmith (singer)
Karim Ryuta Nesmith (ネスミス・竜太・カリム, Nesumisu Ryūta Karimu) or simply Nesmith (stylized as NESMITH) or Exile Nesmith, is a Japanese singer, dancer and actor who is the vocalist and performer of Exile and Exile The Second. He was also member of J Soul Brothers' second generation Nidaime J Soul Brothers until their migration to Exile in 2009.

Kumamoto
Kumamoto (熊本市, Kumamoto-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 people per km2. The total area is 390.32 km2.

Greater Kumamoto (熊本都市圏) had a population of 1,461,000, as of the 2000 census. As of 2010, Kumamoto Metropolitan Employment Area has a GDP of US$39.8 billion. It is not considered part of the Fukuoka–Kitakyushu metropolitan area, despite their shared border. The city was designated on April 1, 2012, by government ordinance.
2022 Oceania Badminton Championships
The 2022 Oceania Badminton Championships was the continental badminton championships in Oceania sanctioned by the Badminton Oceania, and Badminton World Federation. It had been announced that most of the events in the Oceania Badminton Championships for 2022 were cancelled, including the Men's and Women's Team Championships, due to New Zealand's COVID-19 related border restrictions. However, the individual tournaments were postponed with the possibility of taking place in week 17 of the BWF tournament calendar.

This championship was organized by Badminton Victoria, and was the 16th edition of the Oceania Badminton Championships. It was held in Melbourne, Australia from 28 April to 1 May 2022.

Sylvina Kurniawan
Sylvinna Kurniawan (born 5 May 1988) is an Indonesian-born badminton player, and now representing Australia. She was part of Australia team that won the women's team title at the 2020 Oceania Championships.
Roggensack
Roggensack is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerd Roggensack (1941–2024), German football player and manager

Olaf Roggensack (born 1997), German rower

Patience D. Roggensack (born 1940), American attorney and jurist

Patience D. Roggensack
Patience Drake "Pat" Roggensack (born July 7, 1940) is a retired American attorney and jurist.  She served as the 26th chief justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court from 2015 to 2021. Concurrently, she served for 20 years on the high court, from 2003 through 2023.
Catton Grove Chalk Pit
Catton Grove Chalk Pit is a 0.6-hectare (1.5-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the northern outskirts of Norwich in Norfolk, England. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This Cretaceous site exposes rocks dating to the late Campanian, around 75 million years ago, and it is the type site for the Catton Sponge Bed. Its well preserved fossils include many undescribed sponges and important ammonites.

The site is private land with no public access.

Type locality (geology)
A type locality, or a type area, in geology is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

The concept is similar to type site in archaeology.
Mokhtar Dahari
Dato' Mohd Mokhtar bin Dahari (Jawi: محمد مختار بن داهاري, IPA: [mohd mokhtar bɪn daharɪ]; DSSA DIMP AMN PJK (13 November 1953 – 11 July 1991) was a Malaysian professional footballer who played for Selangor. He is considered a legendary footballer in Malaysian history. FIFA acknowledged his 89 goals in international matches and took his team to an World Football Elo Ratings of 61 in 1977. A prolific forward, he was nicknamed Supermokh due to his playing skills and strength. Mokhtar is the all-time top scorer for the Malaysian national team.

World Football Elo Ratings
The World Football Elo Ratings are a ranking system for men's national association football teams that is published by the website eloratings.net. It is based on the Elo rating system but includes modifications to take various football-specific variables into account, like the margin of victory, importance of a match, and home field advantage. Other implementations of the Elo rating system are possible and there is no single nor any official Elo ranking for football teams. FIFA's official rankings (both the FIFA World Rankings for men and the FIFA Women's World Rankings) are based on a modified version of the Elo formula, the men's rankings having switched away from FIFA's custom system in 2018. The Elo rankings have been found to have the highest predictive capability for football matches.
Ella Rappich
Ella Maria Eia Rappich (born 23 May 2000, in South Africa), is a Swedish actress.

Rappich grew up in Sigtuna, a suburb to Stockholm in Sweden, and got her first role by chance when the production company FLX visited her school. She made her debut by playing a close friend to the main character in Netflix's first Swedish-produced drama series Quicksand, which premiered on 5 April 2019. Alongside acting, Rappich attends Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket in social science education.

Sigtuna
Sigtuna is a locality situated in the eponymous Sigtuna Municipality, in Stockholm County, Sweden with 9,689 inhabitants in 2020. It is the namesake even though the seat of the municipality is in another locality, Märsta.
Sigtuna is for historical reasons still often referred to as a stad.

Sigtuna is situated at the bay Skarven, stretching around Upplands-Bro and a part of Lake Mälaren. Present-day Sigtuna, a harbour town that was established around 980, developed about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Old Sigtuna, which, according to Old Norse religion, was previously the home of the widely revered god Odin.
Kostroma (inhabited locality)
Kostroma (Russian: Кострома́) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kostroma, a city in Kostroma Oblast; 57°45′N 40°55′E﻿ / ﻿57.750°N 40.917°E﻿ / 57.750; 40.917

Rural localities

Kostroma, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Prokhorovsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Kostroma, Kamchatka Krai, a selo in Karaginsky District of Kamchatka Krai

Kostroma, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a village in Kostinsky Selsoviet of Alapayevsky District in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Kostroma
Kostroma (Russian: Кострома́, IPA: [kəstrɐˈma]) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. In the 2021 census, the population is 267,481.
Richard C. McCarty
Richard C. McCarty (born July 12, 1947) is a professor of psychology and the former provost and vice chancellor of academic affairs at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.  Prior to serving as provost, he was dean of Vanderbilt's College of Arts and Science.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
Maltsa
Maltsa is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities the village was located in Tarvastu Parish. Maltsa is located 21 km (13 miles) southeast of the town of Viljandi, 13 km (8 miles) southeast of the small borough of Mustla, near the western shore of Lake Võrtsjärv. Neighboring villages include Suislepa, Järveküla and Kärstna. As of 2011, the population of Maltsa was 36, a decrease from 44 in the 2000 census.

Viljandi County
Viljandi County (Estonian: Viljandi maakond or Viljandimaa; German: Kreis Fellin) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in southern Estonia bordering Pärnu, Järva, Jõgeva, Tartu and Valga counties as well as Latvia.
Jabulani Dhliwayo
Jabulani Dhliwayo (born 15 April 1960) is an ICT expert and the founder of ICT Africa. He is a strong advocate for the use of ICT as a vehicle for sustained economic development in Africa. He has travelled to more than twenty African countries providing training and support for fiber optic infrastructure development. Jabulani is a contributing author for "Open Access for Africa: Challenges, Recommendations and Examples" and the author of "The Endless Journey: From a liberation struggle to driving emerging technologies in Africa".

New Partnership for Africa's Development
The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is an economic development program of the African Union (AU). NEPAD was adopted by  the AU at the 37th session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government in July 2001 in Lusaka, Zambia. NEPAD aims to provide an overarching vision and policy framework for accelerating economic co-operation and integration among African countries.
Colostygia olivata
Colostygia olivata, the beech-green carpet, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775 and it is found in most of the Palearctic.

The wingspan is 22–27 millimetres (0.87–1.06 in). Freshly hatched moths have green forewings. There is a darker, brown central band narrower towards the centre of the forewings. This band is edged with a white wavy line. The hindwings are smoky grey with a pale crossline. The larva is stout, slightly tapering at each end, rugose, with conspicuous tubercles and setae. It is reddish-ochreous or brownish ochreous with an interrupted grey dorsal line. The lateral and ventral surfaces are mostly dull reddish; tubercles black. The pupa is rather stout, bright red or red-brown, the abdomen darker.

Adults are in wing from May to August in one generation.

The larvae feed on Galium species. Larvae can be found from September to May.

Galium
Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw.

Over 600 species of Galium are described, with estimates of 629 to 650 as of 2013. The field madder, Sherardia arvensis, is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. Asperula is also a closely related genus; some species of Galium (such as woodruff, G. odoratum) are occasionally placed therein.
UMass Memorial Health
UMass Memorial Health (UMM Health) is a non-profit healthcare network based in Worcester, Massachusetts, operated by the University of Massachusetts and primarily serving Central Massachusetts. It is the largest health system in Central Massachusetts, and is the clinical partner of the UMass Chan Medical School.

Society of Thoracic Surgeons
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons is a Chicago, Illinois (US)-based medical specialty professional society in the field of cardiothoracic surgery. Membership worldwide includes more than 7,500 surgeons, researchers, and other health care professionals who are part of the cardiothoracic surgery team. The Society's official journal is The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.
Chavenay
Chavenay (French pronunciation: [ʃavnɛ] ⓘ), also known as Vallon de Chavenay, is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located close to Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and Versailles.

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
Charlie Glickman
Charlie Glickman (born Charles J. Glickman) is an American sex educator, coach, and author. His work focuses on topics including shame, sex positivity, queer issues, masculinity, relationships, and erotic communities. Glickman is the co-author of The Ultimate Guide to Prostate Pleasure: Erotic Exploration for Men and Their Partners, a book that explores male anal eroticism and prostate pleasure.

Dating coach
Dating coaches offer coaching and related products and services to improve their clients' success in dating and relationships. Through discussion, role-playing, behaviour modelling, and other forms of direction, a dating coach trains clients to meet and attract romantic partners. Dating coaches may focus on topics important to the art of dating: interpersonal skills, flirting, psychology, sociology, compatibility, fashion and recreational activities. As dating coaches are unlicensed, their methods vary widely.
Păulești, Satu Mare
Păulești (Hungarian: Szatmárpálfalva, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃzɒtmaːrpaːlfɒlvɒ]) is a commune of 5,775 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Amați
(Amac), Ambud (Ombod), Hrip (Hirip), Păulești, Petin (Pettyén), and Rușeni (Oroszfalva).

The commune is located in the central part of the county, 6 km (3.7 mi) east of the county seat, Satu Mare, and belongs to the Satu Mare metropolitan area.

Satu Mare
Satu Mare (pronounced [ˈsatu ˈmare] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti [sɒtmaːrneːmɛti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: סאטמאר Satmar or סאַטמער Satmer) is a city in Romania with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvania. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial, and business centre in the Nord-Vest development region.
Hundridge
51°42′22″N 0°39′07″W﻿ / ﻿51.706°N 0.652°W﻿ / 51.706; -0.652

Hundridge is a hamlet in the parish of Chartridge, in Buckinghamshire, England.  It is located in the Chiltern Hills to the west of the town of Chesham.  During the 14th century it was known as Hunderugge, and Hundrige in the 15th/16th century. The hamlet name derives from either the Anglo Saxon hunda-hrycg meaning 'hounds' ridge', or from Hundan-hrycg meaning 'Hunda's ridge'.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
Railway Square
Railway Square is a public space and locality at the southern end of the Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia, formed by the confluence of George Street, Lee Street, Quay Street and Pitt Street. The square is named for its proximity to the railway at Central Station,  Sydney's and Australia's largest and busiest station. The square itself is a very busy intersection for vehicles and pedestrians and the site of a major Sydney bus interchange managed by Transport for NSW. The University of Technology, Chinatown, Haymarket and Central Park, Sydney are all in close proximity to Railway Square.

Pitt Street
Pitt Street is a major street in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. The street runs through the entire city centre from Circular Quay in the north to Waterloo, although today's street is in two disjointed sections after a substantial stretch of it was removed to make way for Sydney's Central railway station. Pitt Street is well known for the pedestrian only retail centre of Pitt Street Mall, a section of the street which runs from King Street to Market Street.

Pitt Street is a one way (southbound only) from Circular Quay to Pitt Street Mall and (northbound only) from Pitt Street Mall to Goulburn Street, while Pitt Street Mall is for pedestrians only. It is dominated by retail and commercial office space.
St Farnan's GAA
St Farnan's is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in west County Sligo, Ireland. It was formed from the amalgamation of two local clubs, Dromore West and Templeboy in 1964.

As of 2022, it was competing as a Sligo Senior Football Championship club, for the first time since the 2012 season.

Dromore West
Dromore West (Irish: An Droim Mór Thiar) is a village in County Sligo, Ireland. The village, which is situated on the banks of the Dunneil River, is located along the N59 between the Ox Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. Dromore West lies on Wild Atlantic Way coastal tourist route. The village had a population of 292 as of the 2022 census.
Defence for Children International
Defence for Children International (DCI) is an international non-governmental organisation (INGO) set up in 1979, during the International Year of the Child, to ensure on-going, practical, systematic and concerted international and national action specially directed towards promoting and protecting the rights of children, as articulated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Nigel Cantwell was one of its founders and its current president is Khaled Quzmar of Palestine.

International Year of the Child
UNESCO proclaimed 1979 as the International Year of the Child.  The proclamation was signed on January 1, 1979, by United Nations Secretary General Kurt Waldheim. A follow-up to the 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child, the proclamation was intended to draw attention to problems that affected children throughout the world, including malnutrition and lack of access to education. Many of these efforts resulted in the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.