hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uma–Maheshvara
Uma–Maheshvara (Sanskrit: उमामहेश्वर, romanized: Umāmaheśvara) is a form of the divine couple, Shiva (Maheshvara) and Parvati (Uma), in Hindu iconography. It features the two principle Hindu deities in a benign form. It is one of the panchavimshatimurti (twenty-five forms of Shiva in Hindu iconography), as has been described in the Agamas, particularly in the Shaiva Siddhanta tracts of Southern India, and in the Silpa texts. The Uma–Maheshvara images are found in the sanctum sanctorum of several South Indian temples, on the relief-sculptures of the temple walls, and in museum collections. Images exist as paintings and sculptures made out of various materials that represent the potent symbol of the two deities. This form of the deities also travelled in neighbouring countries. In terms of the Hindu spiritual symbolism, the image represents the power and the significance of procreation.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Bernhard Wachstein
Bernhard Wachstein (31 January 1868 in Tluste, southeast Galicia – 15 January 1935 in Vienna) was a Jewish community historian and bibliographer who rebuilt, expanded, and modernized the library of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien (Vienna Israelite Community).: 155–156  He also performed important bibliographic work, particularly relating to the history of Austrian Jews.

Tovste, Ternopil Oblast
Tovste (Ukrainian: Товсте, romanized: Tovste; Polish: Tłuste; Yiddish: טויסט/טלוסטאַ, romanized: Tlusta/Toyst; Hebrew: טלוסטה, romanized: Tluste) is a rural settlement in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. The town is located on the Ternopil—Chernivtsi automobile road in the historic region of Podolia, on the banks of the Tupa River, a tributary of the Seret. It hosts the administration of Tovste settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,156 (2022 estimate).
Theodore Modis
Theodore Modis (born 11 August 1943) is a strategic business analyst, futurist, physicist, and international consultant. He specializes in applying fundamental scientific concepts to predicting social phenomena. In particular, he uses the law of natural growth in competition as expressed by the logistic function or S-curve to forecast markets, product sales, primary-energy substitutions, the diffusion of technologies, and generally any process that grows in competition. He is a vehement critic of the concept of the technological singularity. He has suggested a simple mathematical relationship between entropy and complexity as the latter being the time derivative of the former. He has argued that societal complexity may be nearing — or already at — its peak.

He currently lives in Lugano, Switzerland.

Technological Forecasting and Social Change
Technological Forecasting and Social Change (formerly Technological Forecasting) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier covering futures studies, technology assessment, and technology forecasting. Articles focus on methodology and actual practice, and have been published since 1969.

The editors-in-chief are Mei-Chih Hu (National Tsing Hua University) and Luca Mora Edinburgh Napier University. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 12.0.
1984 Davis Cup
The 1984 Davis Cup (also known as the 1984 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes) was the 73rd edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 62 teams would enter the competition, 16 in the World Group, 25 in the Europe Zone, 12 in the Eastern Zone, and 9 in the Americas Zone. Singapore and Senegal made their first appearances in the tournament.

Sweden defeated the United States in the final, held at the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden, on 16–18 December, to win their 2nd Davis Cup title.

United States Davis Cup team
The United States men's national tennis team represents the United States in Davis Cup tennis competition, and is governed by the United States Tennis Association.

The United States competed in the inaugural Davis Cup against Great Britain in 1900. They are the most successful team ever to compete in the Davis Cup, winning the coveted title on 32 separate occasions closely followed by Australia with 28 victories.
Magisto
Magisto provided an online video editing tool (both as a web application and a mobile app) for automated video editing and production. In 2019, the company was acquired by Vimeo for an estimated US$200 million.

The Magisto app contained a library of music. The music, largely by independent artists, was sorted by mood and is licensed for in-app use.

Magisto had a freemium business model where users can create basic video clips for free. In addition, advanced business, professional and personal service tiers are available via various subscription plans, unlocking more features; such as longer videos, HD, premium themes, customization, and control features.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Tokyo Midtown
Tokyo Midtown (東京ミッドタウン, Tōkyō Middotaun) is a 569,000-square-meter (6.1 million sq ft) mixed-use development in Akasaka, Tokyo, Japan. Completed in March 2007, the $3 billion (¥370 billion) project includes office, residential, commercial, hotel, and leisure space, and the new quarters of the Suntory Museum of Art. When completed, the Midtown Tower was the tallest building in Tokyo. The main building complex is surrounded by Hinokicho Park, a 10-acre public park containing green areas along with works of art.

The site takes up 78,000 square meters (19 acres) previously occupied by the Japan Defense Agency in Akasaka area of Minato, along Gaien Higashi and close to Roppongi Station, and less than a kilometer (half a mile) from the similarly scaled Roppongi Hills complex.

Fujifilm
Fujifilm Holdings Corporation (富士フイルムホールディングス株式会社, Fuji-fuirumu Hōrudingusu kabushiki gaisha), trading as Fujifilm (富士フイルム, Fuji-fuirumu), or simply Fuji, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, operating in the areas of photography, optics, office and medical electronics, biotechnology, and chemicals.

The company started as a manufacturer of photographic films, which it still produces. Fujifilm products include document solutions, medical imaging and diagnostics equipment, cosmetics, pharmaceutical drugs, regenerative medicine, stem cells, biologics manufacturing, magnetic tape data storage, optical films for flat-panel displays, optical devices, photocopiers, printers, digital cameras, color films, color paper, photofinishing and graphic arts equipment and materials.

Fujifilm is part of the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group financial conglomerate (keiretsu).
Background Music (album)
Background Music is the debut studio album by the American hardcore punk band American Nightmare. The album was originally released on June 12, 2001 through Equal Vision Records.  Background Music was later reissued in 2003 under the name Give Up the Ghost after another band named American Nightmare filed a cease and desist order. Background Music was also reissued in 2011 through Deathwish Inc. in celebration of the band's reunion shows.

Cease and desist
A cease and desist letter is a document sent by one party, often a business, to warn another party that they believe the other party is committing an unlawful act, such as copyright infringement, and that they will take legal action if the other party continues the alleged unlawful activity. The letter may warn that, if the recipient does not discontinue specified conduct, or take certain actions, by deadlines set in the letter, the letter's recipient may be sued. The phrase "cease and desist" is a legal doublet, made up of two near-synonyms. A cease and desist letter issued by a government entity, called a cease and desist order, is "a warning of impending judicial enforcement".
Cherifi (surname)
Cherifi is a surname of North African origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Sidi Amar Cherif (fl. 18th century), founder of Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif, zawiya school

Hacine Cherifi (born 1967), French boxer

Lyes Cherifi (born 1968), Algerian judoka

Redouane Cherifi (born 1993), Algerian association football player

Hacine Cherifi
Hacine "Billy" Cherifi (born 12 December 1967) is a French former professional boxer who competed from 1985 to 2005. He held the WBC middleweight title in 1998. He made two other attempts at world titles; the WBC super middleweight title in 1997 and the WBA middleweight title in 2000. At regional level, he twice held the French middleweight title, firstly from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2002 to 2003. He also held the EBU European middleweight title from 1996 to 1997.
The Boy Named If
The Boy Named If is the 32nd studio album by English singer-songwriter Elvis Costello and the Imposters. The album was released on 14 January 2022 by EMI Records and Capitol Records.

The Boy Named If received critical acclaim and was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Distinguished Service Medal (Ireland)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) (Irish: An Bonn Seirbhíse Dearscna) is a military decoration issued by the Irish Government, created to recognize individual acts of courage, leadership, resourcefulness, or devotion to duty by a member of the Irish Defence Forces.

Recipients are entitled to use of the post-nominals BSD, the Irish abbreviation of the medal's name.

The Distinguished Service Medal is the second-highest military honour presented by the Republic of Ireland, second only to the Military Medal for Gallantry (An Bonn Míleata Calmachta). Unlike the Military Medal for Gallantry, the Distinguished Service Medal can be awarded either for meritorious actions, or for an act of heroism.

Defence Forces (Ireland)
The Defence Forces (Irish: Fórsaí Cosanta, officially styled Óglaigh na hÉireann) are the armed forces of Ireland. They primarily encompass the Army, Air Corps, Naval Service, and Reserve Defence Forces.

The Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces is the President of Ireland. All Defence Forces officers hold their commission from the President of Ireland. Still, in practice, the Minister for Defence acts on the President of Ireland's behalf and reports to the Government of Ireland. The Council of Defence advises the Minister for Defence on the business of the Department of Defence.

As of June 2025, there were 7,531 permanent personnel in the Defence Forces out of an established strength of 9,739, a decrease from September 2020 when there were 8,529 personnel, comprising 6,878 Army, 752 Air Corps and 899 Naval Service personnel. As of August 2024, there were also 1,720 personnel in the Reserve Defence Force out of an established strength of 4,069.
Singing Americans
The Singing Americans were a Southern Gospel group based Asheville, NC, until 1980, then  in Maiden, North Carolina.  They brought about popular singers, such as Wayne Maynard (Kingsmen)Mark Flaker (Florida Boys) Ivan Parker (Gold City), Danny Funderburk (the Cathedrals), Clayton Inman (Kingdom Heirs, Won By One, and Triumphant Quartet), David Sutton (Kingdom Heirs and Triumphant Quartet), Michael English (Gaither Vocal Band), Mark Fain (Gold City and Ricky Skaggs & Kentucky Thunder), Taylor Barnes (Gold City), and Jeff Easter (Jeff and Sheri Easter). The group was popular throughout the late 70’s to early 1990s.

Maiden, North Carolina
Maiden is a town in Catawba and Lincoln counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 3,845 at the 2023 census.

Maiden High School was the first public high school in the state with an observatory and is currently home to an Apple iCloud Data Center, covering 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2). In May 2012, Apple announced it would generate 60 percent of the Maiden facility's power itself, through a large deployment of fuel cells at the site and a 100-acre (40 ha) solar farm, with an additional 150-acre (61 ha) site 2 miles (3 km) away.

The Catawba County portion of Maiden is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Lincoln County portion is part of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Leonard Bernstein Discusses Humor in Music and Conducts Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks
Leonard Bernstein Discusses Humor in Music and Conducts Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks is an album from Leonard Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic. It was released in 1961 on the Columbia Masterworks label (catalog number ML 5625).

Columbia Masterworks Records
Columbia Masterworks was a record label started in 1924 by Columbia Records. In 1980, it was separated from the Columbia label and renamed CBS Masterworks. In 1990, it was revived as Sony Classical after its sale to the Sony Corporation.
Foreign-exchange reserves of China
The foreign exchange reserves of China are the state of foreign exchange reserves held by the People's Republic of China, comprising cash, bank deposits, bonds, and other financial assets denominated in currencies other than China's national currency (the renminbi). As of December 2025, China's foreign exchange reserves totaled US$3.358 trillion, which is the highest foreign exchange reserves of any country.

The management of foreign exchange reserves is governed by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) and the People's Bank of China.

Cash
Cash is money in the tangible form of currency, such as banknotes and coins.

In book-keeping and financial accounting, cash is current assets comprising currency or currency equivalents that can be accessed immediately or near-immediately (as in the case of money market accounts). Cash is seen either as a reserve for payments, in case of a structural or incidental negative cash flow, or as a way to avoid a downturn on financial markets.
San Vicente, Buenos Aires
San Vicente is a town and administrative centre of San Vicente Partido, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The southernmost town in the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, San Vicente is 48 km (30 mi) from downtown Buenos Aires, and can be accessed from Constitución Station by bus via Line 79 or a 20-minute drive by Provincial Route 58 from Ezeiza International Airport. The city has about 21,000 inhabitants per the 2001 census [INDEC].

Constitución railway station
Constitución railway station (Spanish: Estación Constitución) is a major railway station in Constitución, a barrio in central Buenos Aires, Argentina. The full official name of the station is Estación Plaza Constitución (in English: Constitution Square Station) reflecting the fact that the station is located opposite Constitution Square, two kilometers to the south of the Obelisco landmark. The ground floor of the station has fourteen tracks and the floor below has two tracks for the Buenos Aires Underground. It serves as the South terminal for the city (with Retiro and Once stations as the North and West terminals respectively).

In 2021, the station received the heritage designation of National Historic Monument.
Joseph Cooney
Joseph Cooney (born 28 March 1991) is an Irish hurler who plays for Galway Senior Championship club Sarsfields and at inter-county level with the Galway senior hurling team. He currently lines out as a left wing-back.

2012 Interprovincial Hurling Championship
The 2012 Interprovincial Hurling Championship, known as the 2012 M Donnelly Hurling Interprovincial Championship due to the tournament's sponsorship by businessman Martin Donnelly, is the 83rd series of the Interprovincial Championship. The annual hurling championship between the four historic provinces of Ireland is contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster. The championship was won by Leinster.
Rodolfo Biagi
Rodolfo Biagi (March 14, 1906, in Buenos Aires – September 24, 1969) was an Argentine orchestra conductor, composer, and pianist whose nickname was "manos brujas" ("magic hands") and who is considered an important figure associated with tango music.

From 1935 to 1938, he worked as the pianist for Juan D'Arienzo's tango orchestra. In 1938, he founded his own orquesta típica.

His playing style tended to favor dancers with a fast rhythm. As a composer, he is especially remembered for the music of the tango Indiferencia and the milonga Campo afuera, with lyrics by Homero Manzi.

Orquesta típica
Orquesta típica, or simply a típica, is a Latin American term for a band which plays popular music. The details vary from country to country. The term tends to be used for groups of medium size (about 8 to 12 musicians) in some well-defined instrumental set-up.
On Dal
On Dal (died 590), commonly referred to by Koreans as "On Dal the Fool" (babo ondal (바보 온달)), was a Goguryeo General and the husband of Princess Pyeonggang.

A legend tells that he was unusually tall, his face was handsome, and he had a good heart. His family was poor, so he begged for his mother. Though of middle-class origin, he later married Princess Pyeonggang, a daughter of King Pyeongwon of Goguryeo, and then become a general. He died bravely leading the Goguryeo garrison in 590 at Achasanseong Fortress during a battle against the Silla army.

KBS2
KBS 2TV (Korean: KBS 제2텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel launched on 1 December 1980 and owned by Korean Broadcasting System. In contrast to KBS1, the channel specializes primarily in entertainment.
32nd Intelligence Battalion
The 32nd Intelligence Battalion (Swedish: 32. Underrättelsebataljonen) is the premier reconnaissance and intelligence gathering unit of the Swedish Army. The battalion possesses units and material to conduct long range reconnaissance, sensitive sight exploration (SSE), sabotage and control indirect fire as well as close air support (CAS). It also has the main responsibility for all drone operations in the Swedish military. It is organized under the Life Regiment Hussars (K 3) in Karlsborg.

Joint terminal attack controller
Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) is the term used in the United States Armed Forces and some other military forces for a qualified service member who directs the action of military aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations from a forward position. The term that is used in most other countries, as well as previously in the U.S. and in the relevant NATO standard, is Forward Air Controller. The term became effective in the U.S. on September 3, 2003 with the publishing of Joint Publication (JP) 3-09.3 Close Air Support.
Wedding chapel
A wedding chapel is a building or room, other than a legal court, where marriages are regularly performed. Usually wedding chapels are for-profit venues to host weddings in resort areas to encourage hotel room stays, catering and gambling by the guests. The buildings are generally religiously themed and imitate church architecture. In some cases, religious institutions have chapels that are used specifically for marriages or closed churches are converted into wedding chapels. These ceremonial events can additionally occur in funeral homes, mausoleum chapels or cemetery chapels.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Fascist syndicalism
Fascist syndicalism was an Italian trade syndicate movement (syndicat means trade union in French) that rose out of the pre-World War II provenance of the revolutionary syndicalist movement led mostly by Edmondo Rossoni, Sergio Panunzio, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti, Michele Bianchi, Alceste De Ambris, Paolo Orano, Massimo Rocca, and Guido Pighetti, under the influence of Georges Sorel, who was considered the "'metaphysician' of syndicalism".

The fascist syndicalists differed from other forms of fascism in that they generally favored class struggle, worker-controlled factories and hostility to industrialists, which lead historians to portray them as "leftist fascist idealists" who "differed radically from right fascists." Generally considered one of the more radical fascist syndicalists in Italy, Rossoni was the "leading exponent of fascist syndicalism", and sought to infuse nationalism with "class struggle". It is related to national syndicalism.

Alceste De Ambris
Alceste De Ambris (15 September 1874 – 9 December 1934) was an Italian journalist, socialist activist and syndicalist, considered one of the greatest representatives of revolutionary syndicalism in Italy.
Nagvasuki Temple
Nagvasuki Mandir is a Hindu temple located in Daraganj, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated on the banks of the Ganga River and the temple is dedicated to Vasuki, the king of serpents in Hinduism.

Daraganj
Daraganj is a prominent suburb and a landmark in the city of Prayagraj. It is the oldest suburb of Prayag at the bank of celestial river Ganges and not far from Triveni Sangam – the confluence of three sacred rivers: the Ganges, Yamuna, and the third invisible river Saraswati. Daraganj is a theoretical and philosophical reference point of a city now called Prayagraj.