hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
At the Villa of Reduced Circumstances
At the Villa of Reduced Circumstances is a novel by Scottish author and academic Alexander McCall Smith, relating further matters in the life of the main character, Professor Dr Moritz-Maria von Igelfeld.

Alexander McCall Smith
Sir Alexander "Sandy" McCall Smith CBE FRSE FRSL (born 24 August 1948) is a Scottish legal scholar and author of fiction. He was raised in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and was formerly Professor of Medical Law at the University of Edinburgh. He became an expert on medical law and bioethics and served on related British and international committees. He has since become known as a fiction writer, with sales in English exceeding 40 million by 2010 and translations into 46 languages. He is known as the creator of The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency series. The "McCall" derives from his great-great-grandmother Bethea McCall, who married James Smith at Glencairn, Dumfries-shire, in 1833.
Guillaume Ormond
Guillaume Ormond (1896–1971) was a cathedral organist, who served at Truro Cathedral. He was the nephew of artist John Singer Sargent and uncle of Richard Ormond, who was the director of the National Maritime Museum from 1986 to 2000.

Richard Louis Ormond
Richard Louis Ormond CBE (born 16 January 1939) is the former Director of the National Maritime Museum (1986–2000). He was the Assistant Keeper and later Deputy Director of the National Portrait Gallery. He served as the Chairman of the Trustees of the Watts Gallery from 1987 to 2019. He is also the Chairman of the Friends of Leighton House and a trustee of the Mariners Museum in Newport News, Virginia. In addition, he is an author and biographer.
Universal resurrection
General resurrection or universal resurrection is the belief in a resurrection of the dead, or resurrection from the dead (Koine: ἀνάστασις [τῶν] νεκρῶν, anastasis [ton] nekron; literally: "standing up again of the dead") by which most or all people who have died would be resurrected (brought back to life). Various forms of this concept can be found in   Christian, Islamic, Jewish, Samaritan and Zoroastrian eschatology.

2 Esdras
2 Esdras, also called 4 Esdras, Latin Esdras, or Latin Ezra, is an apocalyptic book in some English versions of the Bible. Tradition ascribes it to Ezra, a scribe and priest of the fifth century BC, whom the book identifies with the sixth-century figure Shealtiel.: 37

2 Esdras forms a part of the canon of Scripture in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (an Oriental Orthodoxy body), though it is reckoned among the apocrypha by Roman Catholics and Protestants. Within Eastern Orthodoxy it forms a part of the canon although its usage varies by different traditions. 2 Esdras was translated by Jerome as part of the Vulgate, though he placed it in an appendix.
Richard Gray (game designer)
Richard Gray (also known as Levelord; born 15 November 1957) is a video game designer who is best known for designing levels for 3D video games. His most famous works are perhaps the levels for Duke Nukem 3D and SiN. During development of the expansion for Duke Nukem 3D, he quit his position at 3D Realms to co-found the company that became Ritual Entertainment.

Sin (video game)
Sin (stylized as SiN) is a first-person shooter video game developed by Ritual Entertainment and published by Activision in 1998. It uses a modified version of the Quake II engine. Sin is set in the dystopian future of 2037, where John Blade, a commander in a security force named HardCorps in the megacity of Freeport, is tasked to rid the city of a recreational drug that may be tied to the rival biotechnology megacorporation, SinTek.

Sin was released to generally positive reviews, with praise going towards its level design and premise, but criticism for technical issues that resulted from a rushed release. It sold poorly as a result of competition with Half-Life.

Nightdive Studios acquired the rights to Sin in 2020, and in March 2020 republished the game, along with the Wages of Sin expansion pack, as Sin: Gold. In September 2020, the studio announced plans to release a remastered version, titled Sin: Reloaded, originally for a 2021 release but currently delayed to an unknown time.
Law of noncontradiction
In logic, the law of noncontradiction (LNC; also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that for any given proposition, the proposition and its negation cannot both be simultaneously true, e.g., the proposition "the house is white" and its negation "the house is not white" are mutually exclusive.

To express the fact that the law is tenseless and to avoid equivocation, sometimes the law is amended to say "contradictory propositions cannot both be true 'at the same time and in the same sense'".

Formally, the law is expressed as the tautology ¬(p ∧ ¬p).  One reason to have this law is the principle of explosion, which states that anything follows from a contradiction, resulting in trivialism. The law is employed in a reductio ad absurdum proof. Paraconsistent logics are those logics which deny explosion.

Mutual exclusivity
In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur at the same time. A clear example is the set of outcomes of a single coin toss, which can result in either heads or tails, but not both.

In the coin-tossing example, both outcomes are, in theory, collectively exhaustive, which means that at least one of the outcomes must happen, so these two possibilities together exhaust all the possibilities. However, not all mutually exclusive events are collectively exhaustive. For example, the outcomes 1 and 4 of a single roll of a six-sided die are mutually exclusive (both cannot happen at the same time) but not collectively exhaustive (there are other possible outcomes; 2,3,5,6).
Bartosz Majewski
Bartosz Majewski (born April 8, 1987, in Zielona Góra) is a Polish modern pentathlete. He won a silver medal for the relay at the 2010 European Championships in Debrecen, Hungary, and is currently ranked no. 63 in the world by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM).

Majewski qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's modern pentathlon, along with his teammate Marcin Horbacz. Majewski struggled to attain a higher position in the early rounds, with disappointing scores in pistol shooting and freestyle swimming, but managed to display a strong performance in one-touch épée fencing and 3 km cross country running, where he finished the race in fourth place. Majewski's best result in the last round, however, was insufficiently enough to reach the top position, finishing only in twenty-first place with a score of 5,204 points.

Debrecen
Debrecen (/ˈdɛbrətsɛn/ DEB-rət-sen; Hungarian: [ˈdɛbrɛt͡sɛn] ⓘ; German: Debrezin [ˈdɛbʁɛt͡siːn] ⓘ; Slovak: Debrecín [ˈɟɛbrɛt͡siːn] Romanian: Debrețin) is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of World War II in 1944–1945. It is home to the University of Debrecen.
Liechtenstein at the Paralympics
Liechtenstein made its Paralympic Games début at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville and New York City, entering just one athlete (Iris Schaedler) in athletics. The country competed again at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Games, and at the 1992 and 1994 Winter Games. It was then absent from the Paralympics until the 2004 Summer Games in Athens, where it sent just one table tennis player, Peter Frommelt. Liechtenstein was absent from the 2006 and 2010 Winter Games and the 2008 Summer Games.

Liechtenstein has won a single Paralympic medal: a bronze in alpine skiing in 1994.

Liechtenstein is the second smallest sovereign country, and the third smallest National Paralympic Committee (after Macau), ever to have competed at the Paralympic Games - as Tuvalu, Nauru, Monaco and the Vatican City have yet to do so.

As in the  Olympics, Liechtenstein is the only participating country to have won a medal only at the Winter Paralympic Games but not in the summer event.

National Paralympic Committee
A National Paralympic Committee (NPC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Paralympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), NPCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Paralympic Games.
Tom Murrin
Tom Murrin (February 8, 1939 – March 12, 2012), also known as Jack Bump, Tom Trash, and The Alien Comic, was an American performance artist and playwright in the downtown avant-garde art scene in New York City. In the 1980s and 1990s, Murrin curated a variety night called The Full Moon Show at Performance Space 122 and later at La Mama and Dixon Place. In 2013, Dixon Place introduced a performance award, "The Tommy," to honor  Murrin's life and work.

Performance Space New York
Performance Space New York, formerly known as Performance Space 122 or P.S. 122, is a nonprofit arts organization founded in 1980 in the East Village of Manhattan in an abandoned public school building.
Carrigadrohid
Carrigadrohid (Irish: Carraig an Droichid, meaning 'rock of the bridge') is a townland and village in the civil parish of Aghinagh, County Cork, Ireland. It is situated on the north bank of the River Lee, with the nearby village of Canovee to the south. Carrigadrohid is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork North-West.

River Lee
The River Lee (Irish: An Laoi) is a river in Ireland.  It rises in the Shehy Mountains on the western border of County Cork and flows eastwards through Cork, where it splits in two for a short distance, creating an island on which Cork's city centre is built, then passes through Cork Harbour on the south coast, one of the largest natural harbours in the world, to empty into the Celtic Sea.  The catchment area of the River Lee is 1,253 km2. The long-term average flow rate of the River Lee is 40.4 cubic metres per second (m3/s).

A hydro-electric scheme was built on the river, upstream from Cork City, and this part of the river now contains the Carrigadrohid and Inniscarra reservoirs. The river is crossed by 42 bridges, 29 of which are in Cork City, and one tunnel. The river also provides an 8-kilometre (5.0 mi) stretch of salmon fishing.
Don Shepard Park
Don Shepard Park is a baseball park located in Brownwood, Texas, and home to the Howard Payne University Yellowjackets baseball team of the American Southwest Conference. The venue underwent upgrades in the fall of 2008 estimated to be at the expense of $30,000.

American Southwest Conference
The American Southwest Conference (ASC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference, founded in 1996, whose member schools compete in the NCAA's Division III.  All member schools are located in the state of Texas. The conference competes in baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, football, men's and women's golf, men's and women's soccer, softball, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's track and field, and women's volleyball.

The American Southwest Conference operates from the same headquarters complex in the Dallas suburb of Richardson as the Lone Star Conference of NCAA Division II.
Uluyatır, Nizip
Uluyatır, also known as Mizar, is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Nizip, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,840 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). Uluyatır is inhabited by Turkmens.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Rekoa palegon
Rekoa palegon, the gold-bordered hairstreak, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found from Argentina north to Mexico and the West Indies. A rare stray has been recorded from southern Texas.

The wingspan is 23–28 mm. There is one generation per year with adults on wing in early November in southern Texas and from May to December in Mexico. They feed on the nectar from flowers of Senecio and Eupatorium species.

The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including Asteraceae species.

Eupatorium
Eupatorium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing from 36 to 60 species depending on the classification system. Most are herbaceous perennials growing to 0.5–3 m (1.6–9.8 ft) tall. A few are shrubs. The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The type species of the genus Eupatorium cannabinum, which is also the sole European species, is known as hemp-agrimony. Most in North America are commonly called boneset, thoroughwort or snakeroot. The genus is named after Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus.
Tribeni railway station
Tribeni railway station is railway station on Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel (8 km (5.0 mi) from Bandel) to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of Howrah railway division (48 km (30 mi) from hwh) of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Station Road, Masterpara, Tribeni, Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. There is also a single line  connecting Tribeni to Mogra which is only used for goods trains.

Bandel–Katwa line
The Bandel–Katwa line is a 104 kilometres (65 mi) long railway line connecting Bandel in Hooghly district and Katwa in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. It is a major route for North bound trains from Howrah and forms a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.
Glens Falls Hospital
Glens Falls Hospital is a 410-bed not-for-profit community hospital located in Glens Falls, New York. It serves the communities in Warren, Washington, Hamilton, Essex and northern Saratoga and Rensselaer counties. The hospital operates 28 off-campus health care facilities throughout the region. The hospital is the largest employer in the region with over 2,800 employees. In 2019, the hospital affiliated with Albany Medical Center.

Essex County, New York
Essex County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,381. Its county seat is the hamlet of Elizabethtown. Its name is from the English county of Essex. Essex is one of two counties that are entirely within the Adirondack Park, the other being Hamilton County. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.
Acromitus flagellatus
Acromitus flagellatus is a species of jellyfish in the Catostylidae family, suborder Dactyliophorae. It was discovered in 1903 by Otto Maas in the Malay Archipelago, and is closely related to Nemopilema nomurai and Rhopilema esculentum Other species in the genus Acromitus include A. hardenbergi, A. maculosus, A. rabanchatu, and A. tankahkeei. A. flagellatus get their name from their long flagellum and their oral arms that are as about as long as the diameter of their bell, while other species in the genus, like A. hardenbergi, have oral arms that are about half the length of their bell.

Rhopilema esculentum
Rhopilema esculentum, the flame jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish native to the warm temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean. It is a popular seafood in southeastern Asia. In the 1980s, research was undertaken in China into its aquaculture, and it is now bred in ponds in that country before being released into the sea to grow to a mature size suitable for the fishery.
VTV8
VTV8 is TV Channel country region Central and Central Highlands region Vietnam. Channel VTV8 is broadcast with a duration of 24/7, including news, sports and entertainment programming targeting the audience in the Central and Central highlands regions of Vietnam. The official channel is broadcast from 00:00 on 1 January 2016 according to the approved National Press Planning Scheme, is the result of merging 3 TV channels regions of VTV before, including VTV Hue, VTV Da Nang and VTV Phu Yen.

Phú Yên province
Phú Yên was a former central coastal province in the South Central Coast region, in Central Vietnam. It borders Bình Định to the north, Khánh Hòa to the south, Gia Lai to the northwest, Đắk Lắk to the southwest and the South China Sea to the east.

On June 12, 2025, Phú Yên was merged into Đắk Lắk province.
Årdal og Sunndal Verk
Årdal og Sunndal Verk or ÅSV is a defunct Norwegian state owned company that operated the aluminium plants in Årdal Municipality, Sunndal Municipality, Høyanger Municipality and Holmestrand Municipality. The company was established to take advantage of the hydro-electric power plants in the respective municipalities to create aluminium plants. The company was founded in 1947 to continue the unfinished production of the Årdal plant started by the German occupational forces during World War II. In 1954 construction on the Sunndal plant started. The company was merged with Norsk Hydro in 1986 to create the light metal division Hydro Aluminium.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Richard Magenis (died 1831)
Lt.-Col. Richard Magenis (c. 1763 – 6 March 1831) was an Anglo-Irish Unionist politician who sat in the Irish House of Commons and British House of Commons for Enniskillen.

Magenis represented Enniskillen in the Irish Parliament from 1790 to 1797. Following the Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, he represented Enniskillen as a Tory from 26 October 1812 to 29 January 1828.

He was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Fermanagh Militia.

Magenis, whose surname is also spelt Magennis or Maginnis, was Anglo-Irish gentry, member of Magenis of Finvoy Lodge. He was the eldest son of Richard Magenis and his second wife, Elizabeth Berkeley, daughter of Col. William Berkeley and sister of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne. He was the elder brother of the Very Rev. William Magenis, Dean of Kilmore.

Enniskillen (UK Parliament constituency)
Enniskillen was a United Kingdom Parliament constituency in Ireland (now in Northern Ireland, which remains part of the United Kingdom), returning one MP. It was an original constituency represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801.
Sclerobiont
Sclerobionts are collectively known as organisms living in or on any kind of hard substrate (Taylor and Wilson, 2003). A few examples of sclerobionts include Entobia borings, Gastrochaenolites borings, Talpina borings, serpulids, encrusting oysters, encrusting foraminiferans, Stomatopora bryozoans, and "Berenicea" bryozoans.

Entobia sponge borings and the cyclostome bryozoan Voigtopora thurni on an oyster valve from the Coon Creek Beds of the Ripley Formation (Upper Cretaceous) near Blue Springs, Mississippi.

Another example of Entobia sponge borings and encrusting serpulid worms on a modern shell of the bivalve Mercenaria in North Carolina.

Thecideide brachiopod (T), sabellid worm tube (S) and bryozoans (B) on the shell of the bivalve Ctenostreon from the Upper Jurassic of Poland.

Serpulid  worms enrusting Pecten; Duck Harbor Beach on Cape Cod Bay, Wellfleet, Massachusetts.

Chesapecten, barnacles and sponge borings (Entobia) from the Pliocene of York River, Virginia, USA.

Sabellida
Sabellida is an order of annelid worms formerly in the class Polychaeta. They are filter feeders with no buccal organ. The prostomium is fused with the peristomium and bears a ring of feathery feeding tentacles. They live in parchment-like tubes made of particles from their environment such as sand and shell fragments cemented together with mucus.

Members of the suborder include the feather duster worms (Sabellidae) and serpulid worms (Serpulidae). Among the species are the giant feather duster worm (Eudistylia polymorpha), the peacock worm (Sabella pavonina), the European fan worm (Sabella spallanzanii) and the Christmas tree worm (Spirobranchus giganteus). The inclusion of Oweniidae and Siboglinidae is not supported by some authorities.
Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing
Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) is an efficient and high-throughput technique for analyzing the genome-wide methylation profiles on a single nucleotide level.  It combines restriction enzymes and bisulfite sequencing to enrich for areas of the genome with a high CpG content. Due to the high cost and depth of sequencing to analyze methylation status in the entire genome, Meissner et al. developed this technique in 2005 to reduce the amount of nucleotides required to sequence to 1% of the genome.  The fragments that comprise the reduced genome still include the majority of promoters, as well as regions such as repeated sequences that are difficult to profile using conventional bisulfite sequencing approaches.

Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.