hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Greig (banker)
James Greig JP (born 1834) was second chief manager of the Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation (now HSBC) and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Greig was the Hong Kong branch manager of the Asiatic Banking Corporation before he joined HSBC in 1869.

He became acting chief manager of the Bank in 1871 when Victor Kresser retired, and official chief manager from 1871 to 1876. He was responsible for handling the first public loan by the Qing government in 1874. He committed the bank to a Fuzhou loan denominated in sterling of £27,615, at the agreed but arbitrary exchange rate of 2 million taels. He retired as chief manager in 1876, and was succeeded by Thomas Jackson.

Greig was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in February 1872 when Henry John Ball acted as Chief Justice, and was made Justice of the Peace in March 1872. He was also elected Trustee of Hong Kong's St John's Anglican Cathedral.

Government of the Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) was the last imperial dynasty of China. The early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between the Han and Manchus with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties, the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system until the system was abolished in 1905. The Qing divided the positions into civil and military positions, each having nine grades or ranks, each subdivided into a and b categories. Civil appointments ranged from an attendant to the emperor or a grand secretary in the Forbidden City (highest) to being a prefectural tax collector, deputy jail warden, deputy police commissioner, or tax examiner. Military appointments ranged from being a field marshal or chamberlain of the imperial bodyguard to a third class sergeant, corporal or a first or second class private.
Danish Warmblood
The Danish Warmblood or Dansk Varmblod is a Danish breed of modern sport horse, established in the mid-twentieth century and used mainly for dressage and show-jumping.: 66  Like other European warmblood breeds, it is a performance breed: any suitable horse of any origin may be admitted if it passes a strict performance test. Hanoverian, Holsteiner, Swedish Warmblood and Trakehner are among those that have contributed to the breed.: 459

Sport horse
A sport horse or sporthorse is a type of horse, rather than any particular breed.  The term is usually applied to horses bred for the traditional Olympic equestrian sporting events of dressage, eventing, show jumping, and combined driving, but the precise definition varies.  In the United States, horses used in  hunt seat and show hunter competition are often classed as sport horses, whereas the British show hunter is classified as a "show horse."

Horses used for western riding disciplines, Saddle seat, or any form of horse racing are generally not described as sport horses.
Grönholm
Grönholm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Greta Grönholm, Finnish sprint canoer

Kurt Grönholm, Finnish Olympic rower

Maj-Len Grönholm, Finnish politician

Marcus Grönholm, Finnish rally driver

Niclas Grönholm, Finnish rally driver

Ossi-Petteri Grönholm, Finnish ice hockey defenceman

Peter Grönholm, Finnish Olympic fencer

Sari Grönholm, Finnish Olympic snowboarder

Ulf Grönholm, Finnish rally driver

Ulf Grönholm
Ulf Grönholm (8 January 1943 – 26 February 1981) was a two-time national champion rally driver, from Finland. He was born in Helsinki. Grönholm was killed during an illegal practice run for Hankiralli in the middle of the night on 26 February 1981 in Kirkkonummi. He was the father of eventual 2000 and 2002 World Rally Champion, Marcus Grönholm.
Frontiere
Frontiere is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dominic Frontiere (1931–2017), American composer, arranger, and jazz accordionist

Georgia Frontiere (1927–2008), American businesswoman and entertainer

Georgia Frontiere
Georgia Frontiere (born Violet Frances Irwin; November 21, 1927 – January 18, 2008) was an American businesswoman and entertainer. She was the majority owner and chairperson of the Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams NFL team.

During her nearly three decades in charge (1979–2008), the Rams made the playoffs in 14 seasons, played in 25 postseason games, won 13 postseason games, reached the Super Bowl three times and won the championship game once in the 1999 season. Her commitment to the team earned her the nickname "Madame Ram".

Also a philanthropist, Frontiere created the St. Louis Rams Foundation, sat on the board of the local United Way chapter, the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, Herbert Hoover Boys and Girls Club, Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America and the American Foundation for AIDS Research and made numerous charitable contributions both to the arts and to other organizations in St. Louis and elsewhere.
Jamaica 1968 human rights stamps
The Jamaica 1968 human rights stamps were a set of three postage stamps produced to mark the 1968 Human Rights year. The Jamaican postal administration approved the designs by Jennifer Toombs.  Upon receipt  there were objections to the look of the graphics of the hands in black and white.  A new design, using brown hands, was printed locally following weeks of debate. Examples of the unissued stamps are known to exist because they had been distributed to philatelic journalists by the Crown Agents and these were not recalled.

Crown Agents
Crown Agents Ltd is a not-for-profit international development company with head office in London, United Kingdom, and subsidiaries in the United States and Japan. Incorporated as a private limited company Crown Agents Ltd has only one shareholder – the Crown Agents Foundation, a not-for-profit company. Crown Agents Ltd's registered office is in Southwark, London. Crown Agents was placed into insolvency on the 1 August 2024.
Walt Radzick
Walter Raymond Radzick (May 25, 1935 – March 31, 2005) was a Canadian professional football defensive tackle who played in the Canadian Football League from 1958 to 1965.

A graduate of the University of Toronto, Radzick first played football with the Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers of the Ontario Rugby Football Union. In 1958 he signed with the Calgary Stampeders where he won the Dr. Beattie Martin Trophy for best Canadian rookie in the west (with 1 interception and 2 fumble recoveries.) In 1960 he returned to Toronto, starting 5 seasons with the Argonauts; 66 regular season games and 5 playoff games. He finished his career playing 6 games with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 1965 (the year they won the Grey Cup.) As an Argonaut, Radzick missed only one game from 1961 to 1964.
He died in 2005 in Toronto at the age of 69.

Ontario Rugby Football Union
The Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) was an early amateur Canadian football league comprising teams in the Canadian province of Ontario. The ORFU was founded on Saturday, January 6, 1883, and in 1903 it became the first major competition to adopt the Burnside rules, from which the modern Canadian football code would evolve. The ORFU converted from a senior level to an intermediate level league after 1960, and had ceased to exist by 1974. The ORFU operated a league competition for junior teams, from 1890 to 1970.
Tylopilus griseocarneus
Tylopilus griseocarneus is a fungus of the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1989, it is found in the coastal plains of southern New Jersey and southern Louisiana in the United States, where it grows in sandy soil under oak and pine trees. Its fruit bodies have a convex, pale charcoal-colored cap measuring 4.3–11 cm (1.7–4.3 in) and 1.5–3 cm (0.6–1.2 in) thick.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Dyomsky
Dyomsky (Russian: Дёмский; Bashkir: Дим, Dim) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Dyomsky Selsoviet, Bizhbulyaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,028 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Bizhbulyaksky District
Bizhbulyaksky District (Russian: Бижбуля́кский райо́н; Bashkir: Бишбүләк районы, Bişbüläk rayonı; Chuvash: Пишпӳлек районӗ, Pişpülek rayonĕ; Tatar: Бишбүләк районы, Bişbüläk rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Belebeyevsky District in the north, Alsheyevsky District in the northeast, Miyakinsky District in the east, Orenburg Oblast in the south and west, and with Yermekeyevsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,133.9 square kilometers (823.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bizhbulyak. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 26,080, with the population of Bizhbulyak accounting for 24.7% of that number.
Santa Maria Island Station
Santa Maria Island Station (also known as SMA or Montes das Flores, Hill of Flowers) is an ESTRACK satellite ground station in the Azores, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the town of Vila do Porto on the island of Santa Maria.

Santa Maria Island
Santa Maria (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tɐ mɐˈɾi.ɐ]; Portuguese for 'Saint Mary') is an island in the eastern group of the Azores archipelago (south of the island of São Miguel) and the southernmost island in the Azores. The island is known for its white sand beaches, distinctive chimneys, and dry warm weather.
Hot in Cleveland season 5
The fifth season of the TV Land original sitcom Hot in Cleveland premiered on March 26, 2014 with the series' second live episode. It consisted of 24 episodes, including the series' 100th episode. The series stars Valerie Bertinelli, Wendie Malick, Jane Leeves, and Betty White.

TV Land
TV Land is an American pay television channel owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation through its networks division's MTV Entertainment Group. It was originally launched as Nick at Nite's TV Land as a spin-off of the Nick at Nite programing block consisting exclusively of classic television shows. The channel now airs a combination of recent and classic television series (ranging from the 1960s to the 2020s), as well as  limited theatrically released movies. In the 2010s, the network aired original scripted series. The network is headquartered at One Astor Plaza in New York City. As of November 2023, TV Land is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States; this is down from its 2011 peak of 98,000,000 households.
RARRES1
Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES1 gene.

This gene was identified as a retinoid acid (RA) receptor-responsive gene. It encodes a type 1 membrane protein. The expression of this gene is upregulated by tazarotene as well as by retinoic acid receptors. The expression of this gene is found to be downregulated in prostate cancer, which is caused by the methylation of its promoter and CpG island. Alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Heroes of Might and Magic III: The Shadow of Death
Heroes of Might and Magic III: The Shadow of Death is the second of two expansion packs for the turn-based strategy game Heroes of Might and Magic III. It was developed by New World Computing for Microsoft Windows and released by The 3DO Company in 2000. Shadow of Death is a standalone expansion pack that includes the original game.

The 3DO Company
The 3DO Company was an American video game company based in Redwood City, California. It was founded in 1991 by Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins in a partnership with seven other companies to develop the 3DO standard of video gaming hardware. When 3DO failed in the marketplace, the company exited the hardware business and became a third-party video game developer and published well-known games series like Army Men, Battletanx, High Heat Major League Baseball and Might and Magic. It went bankrupt in 2003 due to poor sales of its games.
A Spire for Mansfield
A Spire for Mansfield, also shortened to A-Spire was a 13-metre (42.7-foot) sculpture appearing as a large metallic feather at the edge of the town centre of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England. It was officially endorsed by the then-mayor, Tony Egginton, and Mansfield District Council. The sculpture was installed in 2007 as the third piece of public artwork in Mansfield during a sequence, and was removed in 2024 on safety grounds.

Tony Egginton
Tony Egginton (born 1951) is an English politician. He was the first directly elected Mayor of Mansfield in Nottinghamshire, England. He was elected to the position on 17 October 2002, beating Labour's Lorna Carter by 588 votes, ending 30 years of Labour control.

Egginton was re-elected in 2007 and again 2011, holding the position until his retirement at the end of his third-term of office in May, 2015. He had previously been a newsagent.
Barchessa Loredan
The Barchessa di Villa Bressa Loredan, known as the Palazzon, is a 16th-century Palladian barchessa of the Loredan family immersed in the vineyards of Volpago del Montello, but clearly visible from the Schiavonesca state road, between Montebelluna and Conegliano, to which it is connected by a long avenue of hazelnuts.

Montebelluna
Montebelluna is a city and comune in Veneto, Italy, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Venice. It has an estimated population of 31,000.

Montebelluna borders the following municipalities: Altivole, Caerano di San Marco, Cornuda, Crocetta del Montello, Trevignano, Vedelago, Volpago del Montello.
Jwira–Pepesa language
Jwira–Pepesa, also known as Gwira and Pepesa–Jwira, is a Niger-Congo language of the Western Region of Ghana, consisting of the mutually intelligible dialects Jwira and Pepesa, with approximately 18,000 speakers total. It is a Kwa language of the Central Tano branch, and shares 60% intelligibility with Nzema and partial intelligibility with Ahanta and Anyin. Jwira is spoken in 18 villages from Bamiankaw to Humjibere along the Ankobra River, while Pepesa is spoken on Wasa land between Agona Junction and Tarkwa. The two dialects are separated by a mountain range.

Intelligibility (communication)
In speech communication, intelligibility is a measure of how comprehensible speech is in given conditions. Intelligibility is affected by the level (loud but not too loud) and quality of the speech signal, the type and level of background noise, reverberation (some reflections but not too many), and, for speech over communication devices, the properties of the communication system. A common standard measurement for the quality of the intelligibility of speech is the Speech Transmission Index (STI). The concept of speech intelligibility is relevant to several fields, including phonetics, human factors, acoustical engineering, and audiometry.
Oxidizable carbon ratio dating
Oxidizable carbon ratio dating is a method of dating in archaeology and earth science that can be used to derive or estimate the age of soil and sediment samples up to 35,000 years old. The method is experimental, and it is not as widely used in archaeology as other chronometric methods such as radiocarbon dating.

The methodology was introduced by Archaeology Consulting Team from Essex Junction in 1992.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Shelley Solmes
Shelley Solmes is a Canadian journalist and radio broadcaster.

Solmes was born in Toronto. She studied journalism at Carleton University and the University of British Columbia and worked as a reporter and feature writer for the Vancouver Sun before joining CBC Radio, where she was associated with arts and classical music programming such as OnStage, Take Five and Here's to You. Take Five won a CBC Award for Programming Excellence in 2004.

Solmes is also an amateur classical pianist, who has studied under Anton Kuerti, Nadia Strycek and Katharina Wolpe.

Katharina Wolpe
Katharina Petra Wolpe (9 September 1931 – 9 February 2013) was an Austrian born British pianist. Her repertoire included Austrian and German composers, in particular Schumann, Brahms, Arnold Schoenberg and Stefan Wolpe (her father).
Everybody's Talking
Everybody's Talking is an American game show which aired on ABC from February 6 to December 29, 1967. Lloyd Thaxton was the host; Wink Martindale and Charlie O'Donnell were the announcers. Thaxton typically closed each episode by saying, "Keep watching, and keep listening, because everybody's talking!"

Veteran producer Jack Barry created this show during a brief period working for Goodson-Todman. Due to lingering bad publicity concerning his possible involvement in the rigging of Twenty-One and Tic-Tac-Dough in the late 1950s, he asked that his name be kept off the credits. Jerome Schnur Productions packaged the show instead. It was the last American daytime television program aired in black and white, despite the "Big 3" commercial networks having converted to color by September 1967.

Wink Martindale
Winston Conrad "Wink" Martindale (December 4, 1933 – April 15, 2025) was an American disc jockey, radio personality, game show host and television producer. Regarded as a pop culture icon, he was known for his outgoing and jovial demeanor and his booming voice, who was also well-known for hosting the game shows: Gambit from 1972 to 1976 (and again from 1980 to 1981), Tic-Tac-Dough from 1978 to 1985, High Rollers from 1987 to 1988, and Debt from 1996 to 1998. He also presented Wink's Vault, on his YouTube Channel, from 2014 until his death in 2025.
Valle Verde, Quintana Roo
Valle Verde is a community in the municipality of Benito Juárez, Quintana Roo, Mexico.

The village was the scene of a dispute in September 2003 between two groups one composed of activists from Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) wishing give away food to promote genetically modified crops and the other activists who were members of Friends of the Earth to discourage them.

Competitive Enterprise Institute
The Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) is a non-profit libertarian think tank founded by the political writer Fred L. Smith Jr. on March 9, 1984, in Washington, D.C., to advance principles of limited government, free enterprise, and individual liberty. CEI focuses on a number of regulatory policy issues, including business and finance, labor, technology and telecommunications, transportation, food and drug regulation, and energy and environment in which they have promoted climate change denial. Kent Lassman is the current president and CEO.

According to the 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), CEI was number 59 (of 90) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".
Evelyn Regner
Evelyn Regner (born 24 January 1966) is an Austrian lawyer and politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament from Austria since 2009. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, part of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats and elected vice-president of the European Parliament.

European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs
The Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL) is a committee of the European Parliament. It is responsible for issues of employment and social policy, including labour rights, social security, inclusion, free movement for workers and pensioners, professional and vocational training, the European Social Fund, and employment discrimination law. During the Ninth European Parliament (2019–2024), the committee has 55 members. Since July 2024, it is chaired by Li Andersson from Finland.
Gloplou
Gloplou is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Béoué-Zibiao, Bangolo Department, Guémon Region, Montagnes District.

Gloplou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Bangolo Department
Bangolo Department is a department of Guémon Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 270,629 and its seat is the settlement of Bangolo. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bangolo, Béoué-Zibiao, Bléniméouin, Diéouzon, Gohouo-Zagna, Guinglo-Tahouaké,  Kahin-Zarabaon, Zéo, and Zou.
Katsina Airport
Umaru Musa Yar'adua Airport (IATA: DKA, ICAO: DNKT, TC LID: DN57) is an airport serving Katsina, the capital of Katsina State in Nigeria. The runway is on the northeast side of the city. It is named after former president Umaru Musa Yar'Adua.

Transport Canada
Transport Canada (TC; French: Transports Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations, policies and services for road, rail, marine and air transportation in Canada. The current minister of transport is Steven MacKinnon. Transport Canada is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario.
U.S. Army Regimental System
The United States Army Regimental System (USARS) is an organizational and classification system used by the United States Army. It was established in 1981 to replace the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS) to provide each soldier with continuous identification with a single regiment, and to increase a soldier's probability of serving recurring assignments with their regiment. The USARS was intended to enhance combat effectiveness by providing the opportunity for a regimental affiliation, thus obtaining some of the benefits of the traditional regimental system.

Effectiveness
Effectiveness or effectivity is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.