hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Holmes (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir Robert Holmes (c. 1622 – 18 November 1692) was an English Royal Navy officer. He participated in the second and third Anglo-Dutch Wars, both of which he is, by some, credited with having started. He was made Governor of the Isle of Wight, where he is buried in Yarmouth Parish Church.

Holmes is chiefly remembered for his exploits on the cruise to Guinea in 1664 on the behalf of the Royal African Company, and carrying out Holmes's Bonfire of 1666. He is regarded as an archetypal figure both of the quarrelsome restoration officer and of the coming into being of the British professional naval officer.

Medway
Medway is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Kent in South East England. It was formed in 1998 by merging the boroughs of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham, and is administered by Medway Council, which is independent from Kent County Council. The borough had a population of 278,016 in 2019.  The borough contains the towns of Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, Rochester and Strood, which are collectively known as the Medway Towns.

Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the Medway School of Arts.
Koeberg Nature Reserve
The Koeberg Nature Reserve is located in the Western Cape province of South Africa, about 30 kilometres north of Cape Town. The reserve was proclaimed in 1991 to create a buffer zone around the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station and protect the surrounding natural habitat. It is adjacent to the Witzands Aquifer Nature Reserve.

Atlantis Sand Fynbos
Atlantis Sand Fynbos is a critically endangered fynbos vegetation type that occurs to the north of Cape Town, in the Western Cape, South Africa.

It is listed as critically endangered as it is home to a great many threatened Red List species.
Nikon D300S
The Nikon D300S is a 12.3-megapixel DX format digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) announced by Nikon on 30 July 2009. It replaced the D300 as Nikon's flagship DX format DSLR adding HD video recording (with autofocus). It has some similarities to the Nikon D700, with the same resolution, but has a smaller, higher-density sensor. The D300s was superseded by the Nikon D500, announced on January 5, 2016.

High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.
French ship Jean Bart (1852)
Jean Bart was a third-rate Suffren-class ship of the line built for the French Navy during the 1850s. She had been laid down as a sailing ship of the line, but remained on the stocks until she was chosen for conversion to steam power in 1850. The ship participated in the Crimean War of 1854–1855. From 1864, Jean Bart served as a training ship. She exchanged names with Donawerth in 1868, and was scrapped the following year.

Stocks (shipyard)
Stocks are an external framework in a shipyard used to support construction of (usually) wooden ships. They are normally associated with a slipway to allow the ship to slide down into the water. In addition to supporting the ship itself, they are typically used to give access to the ship's bottom and sides. The availability and type of wood of the stocks in the yard would influence the nature and size of the ship that was built.

Stocks were commonly used until the late 19th century for shipbuilding with ships being referred to as built "on the stocks". Historical past examples that can still be seen include those still visible at the shore of Fishbourne, Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom.
Palatography
Palatography is a technique used to identify which parts of the mouth are used when making different sounds. This technique is often used by linguists doing field work on little-known natural languages. A record made through palatography is called a palatogram.

It involves painting a coloring agent, such as a dye or a mixture of charcoal and olive oil on the tongue or the roof of a person's mouth and having that person pronounce a specific sound. A photograph is then made of the mouth roof and tongue in order to determine how the sound was articulated.

The technique can also be performed electronically (electropalatography) using a tool called a pseudo-palate, which consists of a retainer-like plate lined with electrodes that is placed on the roof of the mouth while the speaker pronounces a sound.

Palate
The palate (/ˈpælɪt/) is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separated. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior, bony hard palate and the posterior, fleshy soft palate (or velum).
Jim Wallington
James Robert Wallington Jr. (July 28, 1944 – April 20, 1988) was an American welterweight boxer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who represented the United States at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico.

Wallington won the bronze medal in the men's light welterweight division (– 63.5 kg) after a loss in the semifinals against eventual silver medalist Enrique Regueiferos from Cuba. He won the gold medal at the Pan American Games a year earlier. Wallington was also the US National Amateur Light Welterweight Champion in 1966 and 1967.

Wallington also served in the US Army. He died aged 43.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Molly Goodman
Molly Goodman (born 19 February 1993) is an Australian rower. She is a national champion, a three-time Olympian and a world champion winning the 2017 world title in a coxless four. She stroked the Australian eight to victory in the Remenham Challenge Cup at the 2018 Henley Royal Regatta. She stroked the Australian women's eight at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.

Australian Rowing Championships
The Australian Rowing Championships is an annual rowing event that determines Australia's national rowing champions and facilitates selection of Australian representative crews for World Championships and the Olympic Games. It is Australia's premier regatta, with states, clubs and schools sending their best crews. The Championships commence with the National Regatta - men's, women's and lightweight events in open, under 23, under 19, under 17 and school age events. Rowers at the National Regatta race in their local club colours with composite crews permitted. The Championships conclude with the Interstate Regatta - currently eight events competed by state representative crews or scullers selected by the state rowing associations. The states compete for an overall points tally which decides the Zurich Cup.
Mike Foppen
Mike Foppen (Dutch: [mɑik ˈfɔpə(n)]; born 29 November 1996) is a Dutch middle- and long-distance runner. He finished fifth in the 5000 metres at the 2022 European Athletics Championships.

Foppen represented Netherlands in the event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. At the 2024 Summer Olympics he finished 13th in the Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres finals.

He is the Dutch record holder for the 5000 m and the Dutch indoor record holder for the 3000 m and 5000 m (his mark is an outright national best). He won seven national titles.

2022 European Athletics Championships
The 2022 European Athletics Championships were the 25th edition of the European Athletics Championships and were held in Munich, Germany, from 15 to 21 August 2022.

They were part of the European Championships, a multi-sport tournament which brings together the existing European Championships of some of the continent's sports.

The venue Olympiastadion had previously hosted the Athletics events during the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Germany headed the medal table on 7 gold medals, while Great Britain, second on gold medals won with 6, won the most overall medals, 20.
Proterguride
Proterguride (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code names VUFB-13416, ZK-39437), also known as 6-propylterguride or 6-propyl-9,10-dihydrolisuride, is a dopamine agonist of the ergoline family described as a prolactin inhibitor and antiparkinsonian agent which was never marketed. It is closely structurally related to certain other ergolines like terguride and lisuride. Besides dopamine receptors, the drug also interacts with serotonin, adrenergic, and histamine receptors. Proterguride was first described in the literature by at least 1981.

Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.

Many cells have these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The SNS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by experiences such as exercise or fear-causing situations. This response dilates pupils, increases heart rate, mobilizes energy, and diverts blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. These effects together tend to increase physical performance momentarily.
Cape Mentelle Vineyards
Cape Mentelle Vineyards (commonly referred to as Cape Mentelle) is a wine estate in the Margaret River region, 274 km, south-west of Perth, Western Australia. The winery was founded by David Hohnen, a third-generation farmer who studied wine making and viticulture in California in the 1960s, and his brothers Mark and Giles. Cape Mentelle is one of the ‘founding five’ wineries in Margaret River, was established in 1970, and came to prominence by winning the Jimmy Watson Memorial Trophy in 1983 and 1984 for their Cabernet sauvignon. It is owned by Endeavour Group.

Jimmy Watson Memorial Trophy
The Jimmy Watson Memorial Trophy is the most prestigious and sought after wine award in Australia. The trophy is a memorial to Jimmy Watson (died 1962), who established the iconic Jimmy Watson's Wine Bar in Lygon Street, Carlton, a suburb of Melbourne.

The trophy is awarded annually at the Melbourne Royal Wine Awards, conducted by Melbourne Royal (formally known as Royal Agricultural Society of Victoria), to the Best Young Red Wine of the 2020 or 2021 vintage classes.
Kajetanowice
Kajetanowice [kajɛtanɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gidle, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Gidle, 20 km (12 mi) south of Radomsko, and 99 km (62 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Choristoneura obsoletana
Choristoneura obsoletana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.

The wingspan is 21–24 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from April to December.

The larvae feed on Asimina (including Asimina triloba), Gaylussacia, Senna, Fragaria, Rubus and Typha species, as well as Betula papyrifera, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Lespedeza cuneata and Aronia melanocarpa.

Asimina triloba
Asimina triloba, the American papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, or paw-paw, among many regional names, is a species of small deciduous tree. It has large leaves and produces a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit.

The species is native to eastern North America, in a more temperate range than its tropical relatives. It is a patch-forming (clonal) understory tree of hardwood forests, being found in well-drained, deep, fertile bottomland and also hilly upland habitat.

Although much of the plant contains the neurotoxin annonacin, the ripe fruits are edible. They are sweet, with a custard-like texture and a flavor somewhat similar to banana or pineapple. They are commonly eaten raw, but are also used to make ice cream and baked desserts.
Right to Education Pakistan
Right to Education Pakistan, also known as RTE Pakistan or simply RTE, is an advocacy campaign for equal education rights for all children in Pakistan. The RTE campaign stems from low enrollment levels in Pakistani schools, and low literacy levels (especially among Pakistani females) depicted by the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER). It functions under the Citizens Movement for Quality Education, an initiative by Idara-e-Taleem o Aagahi (ITA), or "The Centre of Education and Consciousness."

The RTE campaign urges government officials to enforce education laws set forth in Article 25-A of the Pakistani Constitution, which states "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law.” RTE also aims to mobilize parents, teachers, students/youth and civil society to demand "free and compulsory education" for all children.

Free education
Free education is education funded through government spending or charitable organizations rather than tuition funding. Primary school and other comprehensive or compulsory education is free in most countries (often not including primary textbook). Tertiary education is also free in certain countries, including post-graduate studies in Guyana and the Nordic countries.

The Article 13 of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ensures the right to free education at primary education and progressive introduction of it at secondary and higher education as the right to education.
Arthur Miller: Writer
Arthur Miller: Writer is a 2017 documentary film by Rebecca Miller about her father, the American playwright of the same name. The film premiered at the 2017 Telluride Film Festival. After airing on HBO, it was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Arts & Culture Documentary at the 40th News and Documentary Emmy Awards.

Rebecca Miller
Rebecca Augusta Miller, Lady Day-Lewis (born September 15, 1962) is an American filmmaker, novelist, director, and advocate of women in the film industry. She is known for her films Angela (1995), Personal Velocity: Three Portraits (2002), The Ballad of Jack and Rose (2005), The Private Lives of Pippa Lee (2009), Maggie's Plan (2015) and She Came to Me (2023), all of which she wrote and directed, as well as her novels The Private Lives of Pippa Lee and Jacob's Folly. Miller received the Sundance Film Festival Grand Jury Prize for Personal Velocity and the Gotham Independent Film Award for Breakthrough Director for Angela.

Miller is the daughter of Arthur Miller, a Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, and his third wife, Inge Morath, a Magnum photographer.
Central Leading Group for Publicity, Ideological and Cultural Work
The Central Leading Group for Publicity, Ideological and Cultural Work is a leading small group of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) responsible for nationwide propaganda.

Its current group leader is Cai Qi; with Li Shulei and Shen Yiqin as deputies.

Hu Qili
Hu Qili (Chinese: 胡启立; born 6 October 1929) is a former high-ranking politician of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), known as a champion of the country's economic reform program in the 1980s. He was a leading member of the CCP Secretariat from 1985 to 1989 and a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee from 1987 to 1989. Following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, he was purged for his sympathy toward the student protesters and his support for General Secretary Zhao Ziyang's opposition to the use of armed force. However, he returned to politics in 1991. In 2001, he became chairman of the Soong Ching-ling Foundation.

As of April 2024, Hu Qili is the only living member of 13th Politburo Standing Committee of the CPC from the first three plenary sessions.
Fulranumab
Fulranumab is a monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor. It was designed for the treatment of pain.

Johnson & Johnson licensed the drug from Amgen in a deal valued at around US$425 million in 2008. In 2016 Johnson & Johnson discontinued all phase III trials of fulranumab and returned the rights to its originator. The company said the decision was based on "strategic portfolio prioritisation and was not based on any emerging safety concerns from the phase III clinical studies with fulranumab" in osteoarthritic pain.

Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it was one of the first to be described. Since it was first isolated by Nobel laureates Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen in 1954, numerous biological processes involving NGF have been identified, two of them being the survival of pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of the immune system.
Miriani Maisuradze
Miriani Maisuradze (born 7 December 1999) is a Georgian freestyle wrestler. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 92 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. He also won one of the bronze medals in the men's 92 kg event at the 2022 European Wrestling Championships held in Budapest, Hungary.

He won the gold medal in the men's 92 kg at the 2021 Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 2022, he competed at the Yasar Dogu Tournament held in Istanbul, Turkey. He won the silver medal in his event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022 held in Rome, Italy.

He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 92 kg event at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania.

2022 Yasar Dogu Tournament
The 50th Yasar Dogu Tournament 2022, was a wrestling event held in Istanbul, Turkey between 24 and 27 February 2022. It was held as the first of the ranking series together with the 2022 Vehbi Emre & Hamit Kaplan Tournament.

The international tournament included competition in both men's and women's freestyle wrestling. The tournament was held in honor of Olympic Champion, Yaşar Doğu.
Aulonemia aristulata
Aulonemia aristulata is a species of flowering plant in the grass family (Poaceae). It is a bamboo native to eastern, southern, and west-central Brazil.

The species was first described as Arundinaria aristulata by Johann Christoph Döll in 1880. In 1973 Floyd Alonzo McClure placed the species in genus Aulonemia as A. aristulata.

Floyd Alonzo McClure
Floyd Alonzo McClure (14 August 1897, Shelby County, Ohio – 15 April 1970, Bethesda, Maryland) was an American botanist and plant collector. He was one of the world's leading experts on bamboo and worked in China for 24 years.
German hip-hop
German hip-hop (locally known as Deutschrap) refers to hip hop music in the German language. Elements of American hip hop culture, such as graffiti art and breakdancing, diffused into Western Europe in the early 1980s.

Bonez MC
John Lorenz Moser (born 23 December 1985), professionally known as Bonez MC, is a German rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is one of the leading figures in German hip hop and a prominent member of the 187 Strassenbande collective.
Dream a Little Dream (Pink Martini and the von Trapps album)
Dream a Little Dream is a collaborative studio album by Pink Martini and the von Trapps, released by Heinz Records on March 4, 2014. Members of the von Trapps, a Portland-based group of descendants of the von Trapp family, include Sofia, Melanie, Amanda and August von Trapp. The album features guests Charmian Carr, Jack Hanna, The Chieftains and Wayne Newton. Three of the songs were written by August von Trapp. In 2014 it was awarded a silver certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 20,000 copies throughout Europe.

The title track, "Dream a Little Dream", appears in season 1, episode 5 of Netflix’s Chilling Adventures of Sabrina. Track 8, "In Stiller Nacht", appears in season 6, episode 5 of the crime drama, Better Call Saul.

Independent Music Companies Association
The Independent Music Companies Association (IMPALA), originally the Independent Music Publishers and Labels Association, is a non-profit trade association established in 2000 to help European independent record labels represent their agenda and promote independent music. Its offices are in Brussels, Belgium. IMPALA is a member of the Worldwide Independent Network (WIN), a coalition of independent music bodies from countries throughout the world.  In 2025, IMPALA started a new co-funded work programme as a European Union cultural network.
2006 Generali Ladies Linz – Doubles
Gisela Dulko and Květa Peschke were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Dulko teamed up with Michaëlla Krajicek and lost in first round to Eleni Daniilidou and Jasmin Wöhr. Peschke teamed up with Francesca Schiavone, but the pair withdrew before their semifinal match against Corina Morariu and Katarina Srebotnik, as Schiavone had injured her right knee.

Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur won the title, defeating Morariu and Srebotnik in the final 6–3, 6–0.

Gisela Dulko
Gisela Dulko (Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈsela ˈðulko]; born 30 January 1985) is an Argentine former tennis player. Although she enjoyed modest success in singles, reaching a career-high ranking of world No. 26 and winning four WTA titles, her speciality was doubles, where she achieved the world No. 1 ranking and won 17 WTA titles. Partnering with Flavia Pennetta, Dulko won the 2010 WTA Tour Championships and the 2011 Australian Open. She also reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2011 US Open, with Eduardo Schwank. During her career, Dulko upset a number of top players on the tour, including Maria Sharapova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2009, Samantha Stosur in the third round of Roland Garros in 2011, and Martina Navratilova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2004 and in Navratilova's final Grand Slam singles match.

Dulko retired from professional tennis on 18 November 2012, aged 27.