hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hospitality management studies
Hospitality management studies (Tourism Management) is the study of the hospitality industry. A degree in the subject may be awarded either by a university college dedicated to the studies of hospitality management or a business school with a relevant department. Degrees in hospitality management may also be referred to as hotel management, hotel and tourism management, or hotel administration. Degrees conferred in this academic field include BA, Bachelor of Business Administration, BS, BASc, B.Voc, MS, MBA, Bachelor of Hospitality Management, Master of Management, PhD and short term course. Hospitality management covers hotels, restaurants, cruise ships, amusement parks, destination marketing organizations, convention centers, country clubs and many more.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Michael John Nicoll
Michael John Nicoll (29 September 1880, in Bepton – 31 October 1925, in Leeds) was an English ornithologist and zoo director at Giza who worked on the birds of Egypt. He accompanied Lord Crawford on several voyages to explore bird life and wrote a book on his experiences. He also published one of the earliest comprehensive works on the birds of Egypt - the Handlist of the Birds of Egypt.

Sardinian warbler
The Sardinian warbler (Curruca melanocephala) is a common and widespread Sylviidae warbler from the Mediterranean region. Like most Curruca species, it has distinct male and female plumages. The adult male has a grey back, whitish underparts, black head, white throat and red eyes. Plumages are somewhat variable even in the same locality, with the intensity of a reddish hue on upper- and/or underside that varies from absent to (in some subspecies) pronounced. The female is mainly brown above and buff below, with a grey head. The Sardinian warbler's song is fast and rattling, and is very characteristic of the Mediterranean areas where this bird breeds.
Dundee University Students' Association
Dundee University Students' Association (DUSA) is the students' association, legal representative and students' union for matriculated students of the University of Dundee. It is known locally as 'The Union'.

Membership of the body is automatic for all students of the university, although it is possible under statutes to renounce this membership at any time. The Dundee University Students' Association, as with its neighbours in the other ancient-organised universities in Scotland, is co-existent with the university's students' representative council.

Ancient university
The ancient universities are a set of seven British and Irish medieval universities and early modern universities that were founded before 1600 AD, and are located in Scotland, England, and Ireland. The seven universities are:

Scotland: University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, University of St Andrews, and University of Aberdeen

England: University of Oxford and University of Cambridge

Ireland: University of Dublin

These ancient universities in Great Britain and Ireland are amongst the oldest extant universities in the world. The ancient universities in Britain are also among twenty-seven institutions recognised by the British monarchy as privileged bodies of the United Kingdom.
Munti Wasi
Munti Wasi (Ancash Quechua munti tree, Quechua wasi house, "tree house", also spelled Monte Huasi) is a 4,125-metre-high (13,533 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Huánuco Region, Huánuco Province, on the border of the districts of Cayrán and Chaulán. It lies northeast of the mountains named Qiwllaqucha and Yawarqucha.

Ancash Quechua
Ancash Quechua (Huaylas Ancash Quechua: qichwa [ˈqɛtʃ.wa], or less often nuna shimi), also Huaylay or Waylay in linguistic terminology, is a Quechua variety spoken in the Peruvian department of Ancash by approximately 1,000,000 people. Like Wanka Quechua, it belongs to Quechua I (according to Alfredo Torero).
2014 Latvian Supercup
The 2014 Latvian Supercup was scheduled to be the second edition of the Latvian Supercup, an annual football match organised by Latvian Football Federation and contested by the reigning champions of the two main Latvian club competitions, the Latvian Higher League and the Latvian Football Cup. It was intended to be played on 8 March 2014, between the 2013 Latvian Higher League and 2012–13 Latvian Football Cup winners Ventspils and the 2013 Latvian Higher League runner-up Skonto. The match was rescheduled to an unknown date.

FK Ventspils
FK Ventspils was a Latvian professional football club based at Ventspils Olimpiskais Stadions in Ventspils. It was one of the most prominent football clubs in the country. The club played in the Latvian Virslīga since 1997.

It folded in July 2021 and was officially liquidated on 19 January 2024. A new phoenix club - JFK Ventspils was created on the basis of the former FK Ventspils youth academy, returned to Latvian football and competes in the Latvian First League as of 2023.

In total, FK Ventspils has won six league titles and seven Latvian Cups. They became Latvian Higher League champions in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2013 and 2014. In 2009 FK Ventspils became the first Latvian club to participate in the group stages of a UEFA competition after beating BATE Borisov from Belarus.
Bromothymol blue
Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. It is typically sold in solid form as the sodium salt of the acid indicator.

Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2CO3. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. In contrast to early-twentieth century textbooks, numerous studies conducted since ca. 1990 identified H2CO3 as a real molecule with a distinct Raman spectrum and with a first-order life-time of ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated.

The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing process of all aerobic organisms and to the acidification of natural waters.
Sylhet railway station
Sylhet railway station is a railway station in Bangladesh. There are two types of rail lines in Bangladesh Meter gauge and Broad gauge. This station is connected with meter-gauge link on both sides from Chhatak and Dhaka. This railway station is situated in Sylhet city.

The newly formed Sylhet railway station was inaugurated in 2004. With the supervision of A.K. Rafique Uddin Ahmed, representing Engineering and Planning Consultants Ltd., was the chief architect of the project. The station has three platforms

Comilla
Comilla (Bengali: কুমিল্লা), officially spelled Cumilla, is a metropolis on the banks of the Gumti River in eastern Bangladesh. Comilla was one of the cities of ancient Bengal. It was once the capital of Tripura kingdom. Comilla Airport is located in the Dulipara area of Comilla city Although it is currently replaced with Comilla Export Processing Zone (EPZ). Comilla City is a division centered city district with surrounding districts coming to Comilla in more diverse areas of work. Bibir Bazar land port is located 5 km away from Comilla city. The area of Comilla City Corporation is 53.04 square kilometers, so the surrounding areas of the main city fall under the jurisdiction of the City Corporation. The urban areas falling outside the Comilla City Corporation are considered suburbs, forming part of the metro area, which was estimated at 691,000 in 2025- a 2.98% increase from 2024.
Santa Rosa, Missouri
Santa Rosa is an unincorporated community in northeast DeKalb County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community sits adjacent to the DeKalb-Daviess county line on the north side of Missouri Route E. Grindstone Creek flows past one-quarter mile to the east.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
2007 German Formula Three Championship
The 2007 ATS F3 cup was the fifth edition of the German F3 Cup. It commenced on 28 April 2007 and ended on 30 September after eighteen races. The title was won by Carlo van Dam in penultimate Sachsenring round.

Sachsenring
The Sachsenring (German pronunciation: [ˈzaksn̩ʁɪŋ] ⓘ) is a motorsport racing circuit located in Hohenstein-Ernstthal near Chemnitz in Saxony, Germany. Among other events, it features the annual German motorcycle Grand Prix of the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championship.
Sidi El Aidi
Sidi El Aidi is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13273 people living in 2226 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Sanfratellano
The Sanfratellano or Razza di San Fratello is an Italian breed of riding horse.: 500 : 71 : 141  It originates in the comune of San Fratello, in the Nebrodi Mountains in the province of Messina in north-eastern Sicily. It is one of three Sicilian breeds, the others being the Purosangue Orientale and the Siciliano Indigeno.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Spokane Valley Fire Department
The Spokane Valley Fire Department (SVFD) is a department in the U.S. state of Washington that provides fire protection, rescue services, emergency medical assistance, and hazardous materials responses in Spokane Valley (including Spokane Valley, Liberty Lake, Millwood and other unincorporated parts of Spokane County). It was formed in 1940 as Spokane County Fire Protection District 1. The department initially started with three leased fire engines and a simple fire station. In 2007 it took on its present name of Spokane Valley Fire Department. As of 2020, the department has ten fire stations and 200 employees. They answer over 18,000 calls a year.

Fire protection
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, owners and operators may be responsible for maintaining their facilities in accordance with a design-basis rooted in law, including local building and fire codes.

Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, enforced by fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire.
KXOJ-FM
KXOJ-FM (94.1 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Glenpool, Oklahoma, United States, serving the Tulsa metropolitan area. It airs a Christian adult contemporary format and is owned by the Stephens Media Group, through licensee SMG-Tulsa, LLC. Its studios are located at the CityPlex Towers.

KXOJ-FM's transmitter is in Chandler Park, off West 21st Street in Sand Springs. KXOJ-FM also broadcasts with HD Radio technology; its HD2 subchannel has a contemporary Christian format as "Now 94.5", which feeds 250-watt FM translator K233AU at 94.1 MHz in Tulsa.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Finitely generated object
In category theory, a finitely generated object is the quotient of a free object over a finite set, in the sense that it is the target of a regular epimorphism from a free object that is free on a finite set.

For instance, one way of defining a finitely generated group is that it is the image of a group homomorphism from a finitely generated free group.

Finite set
In mathematics, a finite set is a collection of finitely many different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects, such as numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.

Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting.  For example,

is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural number (possibly zero) and is called the cardinality (or the cardinal number) of the set. A set that is not a finite set is called an infinite set. For example, the set 

of all positive integers is infinite.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting. Many arguments involving finite sets rely on the pigeonhole principle, which states that there cannot exist an injective function from a larger finite set to a smaller finite set.
Isabel Riquelme
María Isabel Riquelme de la Barrera y Meza (1758 – April 21, 1839), was the mother of Chilean independence leader Bernardo O'Higgins. Isabel Riquelme was of Basque descent.

She was born in Chillán, the second daughter of Simón Riquelme de la Barrera y Goycochea and of María Mercedes de Mesa y Ulloa. At the age of 19, she became pregnant by 58-year-old Ambrosio O'Higgins, Marquis of Osorno, future viceroy of Peru.

She married twice, first in 1780 to Félix Rodríguez y Rojas, by whom she had a daughter, Rosa Rodríguez y Riquelme (Chillán, August 30, 1781 – Lima, 1850). Her husband died in 1782, and she married her second husband, Manuel de Puga y Figueroa, by whom she had another daughter named Maria de las Nieves de Puga y Riquelme in 1793.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Charlus Bertimon
Charlus Michel Bertimon (born 1 January 1957 in Pointe-Noire, Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe) is a retired track and field athlete from France, who competed in the men's javelin throw event during his career. He represented France at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, where he didn't reach the final after throwing 70.84 metres in the qualification round. He is the brother of Léone Bertimon, a former national champion in the men's shot put.

Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t.nwaʁ]; Kongo: Njinji, French: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo (behind the capital of Brazzaville), with a population of 1,420,612 inhabitants in 2023. It is also an autonomous department and a commune since the 2002 constitution; before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region (now a separate department). It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pointe-Noire is the main economic centre of the country.
Isla Pavón
Isla Pavón (Pavon Island) is an island in the Santa Cruz River in the department of Corpen Aike in Santa Cruz province in southern Argentina.  The town of Comandante Luis Piedrabuena is on the north bank of the river, just downstream from the island.

The English captain Pringle Stokes, who commanded HMS Beagle on her first voyage in 1828, entered the river and recorded the island, about 54 kilometres (34 mi) from the river's mouth.  On the Beagle's second voyage in 1834, when Charles Darwin was part of the exploring party, Captain Robert FitzRoy called it "Middle Island".
A trading post was established on the island by Luis Piedrabuena in 1859.
In 1868 Piedrabuena was granted possession of the island by the government of President Bartolomé Mitre.
In 1873 a 650-ton Chilean corvette, the Abtao, arrived at the tiny settlement on Pavón and tried to intimidate the settlers into leaving. Piedrabuena refused to yield.

Bartolomé Mitre
Bartolomé Mitre (26 June 1821 – 19 January 1906) was an Argentine general, statesman and author. He was President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868 and the first president of unified Argentina.

Mitre is known as a versatile statesman, military man, politician, journalist, historian, writer and poet. He was a major figure in the history of Argentina during the second half of the 19th century.

He was the figure that best characterized liberalism in Argentina, but he was a moderate and flexible liberal, not dogmatic.
Clepsis rogana
Clepsis rogana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Spain, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Finland, Estonia and the Near East.

The wingspan is 20–22 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from June to August.

The larvae are polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on Vaccinium and Luzula species, as well as Veratrum album. They feed between the rolled leaves of their host plant.

Veratrum album
Veratrum album, the false helleborine, white hellebore, European white hellebore, or white veratrum (syn. Veratrum lobelianum Bernh.) is a poisonous plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to Europe and parts of western Asia (western Siberia, Turkey, Caucasus).
Juan Francisco Decoud
Juan Francisco Decoud Berzategui (13 May 1813 – 12 April 1897) was a Paraguayan politician and military officer. Notably, he was a senior officer in the Paraguayan Legion during the early phases of the Paraguayan War. He also had an important role as a merchant in the Plata basin during the 19th century.

Paraguayans
Paraguayans (Spanish: paraguayos) are the citizens of Paraguay.

Though the majority of Paraguayans reside in Paraguay, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina, Spain, United States, Brazil.
Tredegar Iron Works
The Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, Virginia, was the biggest ironworks in the Confederacy during the American Civil War, and a significant factor in the decision to make Richmond the Confederate capital.

Tredegar supplied about half the artillery used by the Confederate States Army, as well as the iron plating for CSS Virginia, the first Confederate ironclad warship, which fought in the historic Battle of Hampton Roads in March 1862. The works avoided destruction by troops during the evacuation of the city, and continued production through the mid-20th century. Now classified as a National Historic Landmark District, the site serves as the main building of the American Civil War Museum.

The name Tredegar derives from the Welsh industrial town that supplied much of the company's early workforce.

Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, in the United States. The company is a distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyl lead, an additive used to make leaded gasoline.
Bodily mutilation in film
Bodily mutilation in film refers to practical effects implemented on a film set during production, in contrast to visual effects, which are applied in post-production. The primary objective is to visually depict physical trauma endured by a character, aiming to elicit emotional responses from the audience and foster empathy towards the character. Bodily mutilation is most usually portrayed in the context of horror, but is also used in other genres, such as medical dramas or war films. It is used primarily either to shock or fascinate the audience of a film, or to add a sense of realism. Improved special effects in recent decades have seen an increase in the prevalence of bodily mutilation in film.

Dick Smith (make-up artist)
Richard Emerson Smith (June 26, 1922 – July 30, 2014) was an American special make-up effects artist and author, (nicknamed "The Godfather of Make-Up") known for his work on such films as Little Big Man (1970), The Godfather (1972), The Exorcist (1973), Taxi Driver (1976), Scanners (1981) and Death Becomes Her (1992). He won a 1985 Academy Award for Best Makeup for his work on Amadeus and received a 2012 Academy Honorary Award for his career's work.