hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apologia ad Guillelmum
Bernard of Clairvaux's Apologia ad Guillelmum was written in 1125 at the ostensible request of his friend William of Saint-Thierry. It is the key document in the early twelfth century controversy over religious uses of art.

William of Saint-Thierry
William of Saint-Thierry, O. Cist (French: Guillaume de Saint-Thierry; Latin: Guillelmus S. Theodorici; 1075/80/85–1148) was a twelfth-century Benedictine, theologian and mystic from Liège who became abbot of Saint-Thierry in France, and later joined the Cistercian Order.
Schweizer
Schweizer is a surname meaning "Swiss" in German. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Schweizer (born 1962), American professor of English

Brandun Schweizer, American politician

David Schweizer (director) (1949 or 1950–2024), American theatre director

Eduard Schweizer (1913–2006), Swiss New Testament scholar

Irène Schweizer (born 1941), Swiss Jazz pianist

J. Otto Schweizer (1863–1955) Swiss-American sculptor

Julián Schweizer (born 1998), Uruguayan surfer

Karissa Schweizer (born 1996), American long-distance runner

Kaspar Gottfried Schweizer (1816–1873), Swiss astronomer

Katja Schweizer (née Weisser) (born 1978), German curler and coach

Matthias Eduard Schweizer (1818–1860), chemist, inventor of the Schweizer's reagent

Meta Heusser-Schweizer (1797–1876), Swiss poet

Peter Schweizer (born 1964), American author

Schweizer brothers (Paul, William, and Ernest), brothers and founders of Schweizer Aircraft

Kaspar Gottfried Schweizer
Kaspar Gottfried Schweizer (16 February 1816 – 6 July 1873) was a Swiss astronomer who travelled to Moscow in 1845 to become Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at the Survey Institute, and later director of the Moscow University Observatory.

Schweizer was born in 1816 as the son of a pastor at Wila, Switzerland. In 1839, he went to Königsberg to assist Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel. From 1841 to 1845 he worked at Pulkovo Observatory under Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve. Schweizer discovered five comets, and found one NGC object, NGC 7804, on 11 November 1864.
Lisa Butler
Lisa Butler is a make-up artist in the fashion industry. She regularly works on advertising campaigns, catwalk shows, fashion films, and editorials. She is responsible for the execution and design of make-up looks that appear on the covers and in editorials of publications like Vogue Paris, American Vogue, Vogue Italia, Vogue Nippon, Vogue UK, Arena Homme +, i-D, Numéro, Harper’s Bazaar, W Magazine, and V Magazine. Butler has also contributed to developing H&M's new cosmetics line, & Other Stories.

Vogue France
Vogue France (stylised in all caps) is the French edition of Vogue magazine, formerly called Vogue Paris from its inception until 2021. The magazine started publication in 1920 and has since been regarded as one of the top fashion publications.
Space Monkeys
The Space Monkeys are an English alternative band, formed in Middleton, Greater Manchester in 1995. The band consisted of Richard McNevin-Duff, Tony Pipes, Dom Morrison and Chas Morrison. After working with the band for a number years, Neil Walsh (guitar and keyboards) later joined the band.

The band were signed to Factory Records / Factory Too in the UK and Interscope Records in the US. They were often compared to baggy and acid house music. They split up in 2000 but reformed in 2015. Since reuniting they have performed regularly and released new material, including the studio album Modern Actions and the archival collection Potions of Peace (Factory Demos 1995–1999).

Baggy
Baggy is a British alternative dance genre popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and generally associated with the Northern UK's Madchester scene. The style saw alternative rock bands draw influence from psychedelia as well as dance music.
Károly Radóczy
Károly Radóczy (30 August 1885 – 17 January 1962) was a Hungarian athlete.  He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London and at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

In 1908 in the 200 metres, Radóczy advanced to the semifinals after a walkover win in the preliminary heats.  In Radóczy's first actual race he clocked in at 22.8 seconds, 0.2 seconds behind Robert Kerr and 0.1 seconds behind William Hamilton. His third-place finish in the heat did not qualify him to advance to the final. Four years later he was eliminated in the first round of the 800 metres competition.

Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres
The men's 200 metre race was held for the third time at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. The competition was held from 21 to 23 July 1908. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. 43 sprinters from 15 nations competed. The event was won by Robert Kerr of Canada, the first win by a nation other than the United States. Americans took silver (Robert Cloughen) and bronze (Nathaniel Cartmell), with Cartmell becoming the first person to win multiple 200 metres medals after taking earning silver in 1904.
108th Battalion (Selkirk), CEF
The 108th Battalion (Selkirk), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Great War Canadian Expeditionary Force. The 108th Battalion was authorized on 4 November 1915 and embarked for Britain on 19 September 1916, where its personnel were absorbed by the 14th Reserve Battalion, CEF,  to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion disbanded on 4 August 1917.

The 108th Battalion recruited throughout Manitoba and was mobilized at Selkirk.

The 108th Battalion was commanded by Lt.-Col. G.H. Bradbury from 18 September 1916 to 15 December 1916.

The 108th Battalion was awarded the battle honour THE GREAT WAR 1916–17.

The 108th Battalion (Selkirk), CEF, is not perpetuated by the Canadian Army.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Diva Futura
Diva Futura (Italian for "Future Diva", i.e. "Future Star") is an Italian pornography and erotica film studio. When founded in 1983 by porn star Ilona Staller and photographer and talent scout Riccardo Schicchi, it was the first casting agency in Italy to specialize in pornography. The studio is notable for launching the careers of pornstars Cicciolina and Moana Pozzi.

Moana Pozzi
Anna Moana Rosa Pozzi (Italian: [ˈanna moˈaːna ˈrɔːza ˈpottsi]; 27 April 1961 – 15 September 1994), also known mononymously as Moana, was an Italian pornographic actress, television personality and politician.
Siege of Hachigata (1590)
The 1590 siege of Hachigata was the penultimate battle of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaigns against the Hōjō clan, during Japan's Sengoku period. Hachigata was one of the last major fortresses of the Hōjō, whose opposition in the Kantō region Hideyoshi sought to eliminate, having already subjugated all of Western Japan.

The besieging force of 35,000 men was led by Maeda Toshiie and Uesugi Kagekatsu. The Hōjō garrison under the command of Hōjō Ujikuni held out for over a month before the castle fell.

Maeda Toshiie
Maeda Toshiie (前田 利家; January 15, 1538 – April 27, 1599) was one of the leading generals of Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century extending to the Azuchi–Momoyama period. His preferred weapon was a yari, and Matazaemon (又左衛門) was his common name; he was therefore known as Yari no Mataza (槍の又左). He was a member of the so-called Echizen Sanninshu (Echizen Triumvir) along with Sassa Narimasa and Fuwa Mitsuharu. The highest rank from the court that he received is the Great Counselor Dainagon (大納言).
Altamira Pictures
Altamira Pictures, Inc. is a Japanese film studio established by two producers, Shoji Masui and Yuji Ogata, two directors, Masayuki Suo and Itsumichi Isomura.
The studio produced independent films for small theater, and became smash hitter to create films such as "Water Boys", "Swing Girls" by collaborating with major film distributing company and television networks.

The studio was a launching pad for new stars such as Satoshi Tsumabuki and Hiroshi Tamaki in Water Boys, Juri Ueno and Yuika Motokariya in Swing Girls.

Altamira Music is its music arm which manages musicians such as The Golden Cups.

Satoshi Tsumabuki
Satoshi Tsumabuki (妻夫木聡, Tsumabuki Satoshi; born December 13, 1980) is a Japanese actor.  His breakthrough film was Waterboys for which he was nominated for the "Best Actor" award at the Japanese Academy Awards, and won the "Newcomer of the Year" prize.  He is also the bassist and lead singer of the Japanese band Basking Lite.
1977 Race of Champions
The XII Race of Champions was a non-championship Formula One race held at Brands Hatch on 20 March 1977. The 40-lap race was won by Englishman James Hunt, driving a McLaren-Cosworth, who also set the fastest lap. South African Jody Scheckter finished second in a Wolf-Cosworth, while Northern Irishman John Watson finished third in a Brabham-Alfa Romeo, having started from pole position.

John Watson (racing driver)
John Marshall Watson (born 4 May 1946) is a British former racing driver and broadcaster from Northern Ireland, who competed in Formula One from 1973 to 1985. Watson won five Formula One Grands Prix across 12 seasons.

Watson competed in Formula One for Brabham, Surtees, Lotus, Penske and McLaren. He finished third in the 1982 World Drivers' Championship with McLaren. Watson also competed in the World Sportscar Championship, finishing runner-up in 1987 with Jaguar.

Upon his retirement from motor racing, Watson became a commentator for Eurosport from 1989 until 1996. Since 2022, he has served as the lead commentator for GT World Challenge Europe, and also commentated on the 2022 Miami Grand Prix for F1TV.
El Watan (TV channel)
El Watan Al Djazairia (Arabic: الوطن الجزائرية) was an Arabic language satellite television channel broadcasting from Algeria. El Watan Al Djazairia was set up by Islamist party Hamas with a number of Arab intellectuals from Algeria and the Arab World.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Batesburg Commercial Historic District
Batesburg Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Batesburg-Leesville, Lexington County, South Carolina. It encompasses 28 contributing buildings in the central business district of Batesburg. It largely consists of brick commercial buildings built between 1895 and 1925, with the majority dating from 1900 to 1910. Notable buildings include the Old Telephone Company, M. Howard Butcher Shop, Owen Drug Company, Bank of Western Carolina, Old First National Bank, Belk's, and the M. E. Rutland Building.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Belk
Belk, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1888 by William Henry Belk. Local partnerships allowed Belk to expand during the 1900s, and resulted in several Belk co-brandings. The distinct legal entities were consolidated into a single company and uniform Belk brand in 1998. It was acquired by private equity firm Sycamore Partners in 2015.
Plasmodium atheruri
Plasmodium atheruri is a species of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Vinckeia. As in all members of this genus, it is parasitic on vertebrate and insect hosts. The natural vertebrate host is the African porcupine (Atherurus africanus) but it is possible to infect the large vesper mouse (Calomys callosus) and Meriones unguiculatus.

Mongolian gerbil
The Mongolian gerbil, also referred to as the Mongolian jird (Meriones unguiculatus), is a rodent belonging to the subfamily Gerbillinae. Their body size is typically 110–135 mm (4+1⁄4–5+1⁄4 in), with a 95–120 mm (3+3⁄4–4+3⁄4 in) tail, and body weight 60–130 g (2–4+1⁄2 oz), with adult males larger than females. The animal is used in science and research or kept as a small house pet. Their use in science dates back to the latter half of the 19th century, but they only started to be kept as pets in the English-speaking world after 1954, when they were brought to the United States. However, their use in scientific research has fallen out of favor.
Mr. and Mrs. Iyer (soundtrack)
Mr. and Mrs. Iyer is the soundtrack album to the 2002 film of the same name directed by Aparna Sen, starring Konkona Sen Sharma and Rahul Bose. The film score and soundtrack were composed by Ustad Zakir Hussain, featuring contributions from him, along with Ustad Sultan Khan, Samantha and Pt. Uday Bhawalkar. The album was released through Sony Music on 18 January 2002.

Aparna Sen
Aparna Sen (Bengali: [ɔpoɾna ʃen] ⓘ; née Dasgupta) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and actress who is known for her work in Bengali cinema. She has received several accolades as an actress and filmmaker, including nine National Film Awards, six Filmfare Awards East and thirteen Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards. 
For her contribution in the field of arts, the Government of India honoured her with Padma Shri, the country's fourth highest civilian award.
Museum of Childhood
There are several museums called the Museum of Childhood:

Museum of Childhood (Edinburgh), Scotland

V&A Museum of Childhood, Bethnal Green, London, England, run by the Victoria and Albert Museum

Highland Museum of Childhood, Strathpeffer, Scotland

Sudbury Hall National Trust Museum of Childhood, Derbyshire, England

Strathpeffer railway station
Strathpeffer railway station was a railway station serving the town of Strathpeffer in the county of Ross and Cromarty, (later Highland Region), Scotland. The first station was located some distance from the town, on the Dingwall and Skye Railway line, and was opened in 1870.

Seasonal visitors to Strathpeffer increased considerably in numbers, and a branch line to Strathpeffer itself was opened in 1885; the earlier station was renamed Achterneed. Tourism increased considerably, but the First World War interrupted the leisure development, and it never recovered after the war.

In 1946 the second Strathpeffer station was closed to passengers. The earlier station continued in use for a time, being located on a through line, but it closed in 1964.
Julius Wess
Julius Erich Wess (5 December 1934 – 8 August 2007) was an Austrian theoretical physicist noted as the co-inventor of the Wess–Zumino model and Wess–Zumino–Witten model in the field of supersymmetry and conformal field theory. He was also a recipient of the Max Planck medal, the Wigner medal, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, the Heineman Prize, and of several honorary doctorates.

Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics
Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics is an award given each year since 1959 jointly by the American Physical Society and American Institute of Physics. It is established by the Heineman Foundation in honour of Dannie Heineman. As of 2010, the prize consists of US$10,000 and a certificate citing the contributions made by the recipient plus travel expenses to attend the meeting at which the prize is bestowed.
Namechk
Namechk is a free web application created by David Goose and Jeremy Woertink. Namechk allows someone to view if a certain username is available. Namechk has over 98 different social network sites as of June 2019.

The service also checks domains.

User (computing)
A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. A user typically has a user account and is recognized by the system through a username. Some software products provide services to other systems and have no direct end users.
Smøla Wind Farm
Smøla Wind Farm (Smøla vindpark) is a 68-turbine wind farm located in Smøla Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The farm is located southeast of the village of Dyrnes on the island of Smøla. It is operated by Statkraft and covers an area of 18 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi).

Total installed effect is 20 x 2.0 MW (phase one) plus 48 x 2.3 MW (phase two). The maximum production capacity is 150 MW and total generating capacity is in average 450 GWh per year, making Smøla one of the largest wind farms in the country.

The first stage was opened by King Harald V of Norway on 5 September 2002. Phase two opened in September 2005.

In 2020, the Smøla Wind Farm was the site of an experiment that showed that painting one blade of a wind turbine a darker color reduces bird deaths by 70%, which could help reduce concerns about bird deaths from wind turbines.

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
Tiwagorn Withiton
Tiwagorn Withiton (Thai: ทิวากร วิถีตน; RTGS: Thiwakorn Withiton; born 31 October 1975) is a Thai political and human rights activist, farmer and engineer. He is one of the first political activists in Thailand that openly challenge the country's taboo, harsh punishment by the Monarchy defamation law, by publishing his photo of him wearing a printed 'I lost faith in the Monarchy' T-shirt.

He has encouraged people to wear it because it stated a sentiment, not defamation. It went viral on social media, but later, Internal Security Operations Command took him to Psychiatric Hospital. It is one of the causes to start the 2020–2021 Thai protests' second wave protests, the largest demonstration since the 2014 Thai coup d'état, demanding he be released from involuntary hospitalization. His movement is regarded as one of the biggest turning points of Thailand political landscape, earned him the person of the year 2020 by Prachatai.

Prachatai
Prachatai (Thai: ประชาไท, lit. 'Free People') is an independent non-profit online newspaper in Thailand. Focusing on news from and commentary on NGOs, social movements, and human rights issues, the website became an alternative source for social and political news in a country where many media outlets are state backed, including military-run, or for-profit. Its current editor-in-chief is Tewarit Maneechay, with Pongpan Chumjai serving as general manager. The site publishes mainly in Thai, with selected articles translated to English.
Gainsborough, Saskatchewan
Gainsborough (2016 population: 254) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Argyle No. 1 and Census Division No. 1. A farming community, the village is located on Highway 18 in the southeastern corner of Saskatchewan. Gainsborough is approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the Manitoba border, and 19 kilometres (12 mi)  from the North Dakota, United States border. The first post office was established on April 1, 1884 as the community of Antler. On September 1, 1885, the name of the community changed to Gainsborough, after Gainsborough, Lincolnshire in England, which was the former home of J. J. Sadler, an early settler.

Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
Gainsborough (/ˈɡeɪnzbərə/) is a market town and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population was 20,842 at the 2011 census, and estimated at 23,243 in 2019. It lies on the east bank of the River Trent, 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Lincoln, 16 miles (26 km) south-west of Scunthorpe, 20 miles south-east of Doncaster and 39 miles (63 km) east of Sheffield. It is sometimes claimed to be England's furthest-inland port.
Campsite Memorial of Augustus
The Campsite Memorial of Augustus, or Octavian's Tropaeum for the Battle of Actium was a victory trophy (tropaeum) built by Emperor Augustus to commemorate his decisive naval victory over Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. Located on a hill north of Nikopolis, Greece, the monument was part of Augustus' broader efforts to celebrate his triumph and consolidate his political and religious authority. The structure combined military symbolism with religious dedication, prominently displaying bronze rams from the captured enemy ships and reliefs reflecting Augustan propaganda.

Neptune (mythology)
Neptune (Latin: Neptūnus [nɛpˈtuːnʊs]) is the god of freshwater and the sea in the Roman religion. He is the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-inspired tradition, he is a brother of Jupiter and Pluto, with whom he presides over the realms of heaven, the earthly world (including the underworld), and the seas. Salacia is his wife.

Depictions of Neptune in Roman mosaics, especially those in North Africa, were influenced by Hellenistic conventions. He was likely associated with freshwater springs before the sea; his festival, Neptunalia, took place on July 23, during the peak of summer when water was scarcest. Like Poseidon, he was also worshipped by the Romans as a god of horses, Neptunus equestris, who was also a patron of horse-racing.
A Tale of 2 Citiez
"A Tale of 2 Citiez" is a song by American rapper J. Cole from his third studio album, 2014 Forest Hills Drive. The song samples "Blocka" by Pusha T and "Bring Em Out" by T.I. It was produced by Vinylz. The song was certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), selling over 2,000,000 copies in the United States. The title references the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.

Bring Em Out (song)
"Bring Em Out" is a song by American rapper T.I., released as the lead single from his third studio album Urban Legend. The song, produced by Swizz Beatz, contains a vocal sample from Jay-Z's "What More Can I Say". This became T.I.'s first US top-ten single, peaking at number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.
The Secret Book of Gnomes
Children's literature portal

The Secret Book of Gnomes is a series of books about gnomes written for children. They contain fictional stories and guides about how gnomes live in harmony with their environment, such as what a gnome has in his first aid kit and how a gnome's house is built. The books were written by the Dutch author Wil Huygen and illustrator Rien Poortvliet, though they have claimed that parts were written by a gnome called David. Those authors also created another series about gnomes entitled The Gnomes. That was later used as a basis for the television shows David the Gnome and Wisdom of the Gnomes by BRB Internacional.

BRB Internacional
BRB Internacional S.A.U was a Spanish licensing and production company of animated television series such as Around the World with Willy Fog, Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds and The World of David the Gnome. At the end of January 2018, WildBrain, a leading digital kids' network and studio, has been appointed as the exclusive global manager of BRB Internacional's extensive catalogue of kids' content on YouTube. In 2022, the company closed after filing for bankruptcy. DeAPlaneta acquired the company's library in January 2023.