hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Smith v. Goguen
Smith v. Goguen, 415 U.S. 566 (1974), is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that a Massachusetts flag desecration law that prohibited "publicly treat[ing] contemptuously the flag of the United States" was unconstitutionally void for vagueness.: 538–539

Flag desecration
Flag desecration is the desecration of a flag, violation of flag protocol, or various acts that intentionally destroy, damage, or mutilate a flag in public. In the case of a national flag, such action is often intended to make a political point against a country or its policies.

Some countries have laws against methods of destruction, such as burning in public, or forbidding particular uses, such as for commercial purposes. Such laws may distinguish between the desecration of the country's own national flag and the desecration of flags of other countries. Some countries have banned the desecration of all flags on their soil.
2024 Open 13 Provence – Doubles
Tomáš Macháč and Zhang Zhizhen defeated Patrik Niklas-Salminen and Emil Ruusuvuori in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Open 13 Provence. It was both players' first ATP Tour title, and Zhang became the first Chinese player to win an ATP Tour doubles title.

Santiago González and Édouard Roger-Vasselin were the reigning champions, but Roger-Vasselin chose not to participate this year and González chose to compete in Dallas instead.

Emil Ruusuvuori
Emil Ruusuvuori (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈeːmil ˈruːsuˌʋuo̯ri]; born 2 April 1999) is a Finnish professional tennis player. He reached a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 37 on 3 April 2023. He is currently the No. 2 Finnish singles tennis player. He has a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 179 achieved on 2 May 2022.

As a junior, Ruusuvuori was ranked as high as World No. 4 in the ITF combined junior rankings. In 2017, he reached the singles quarterfinals of the Australian Open boys' singles, the singles semifinals of the US Open boys' singles, and won the ITF Junior Masters.

Ruusuvuori has also represented Finland in the Davis Cup, where he has a win–loss record of 5–5. In September 2019, he defeated reigning world number 5 and 2-time Roland Garros finalist Dominic Thiem in straight sets in a Davis Cup singles rubber.
Mississauga—Erindale (provincial electoral district)
Mississauga—Erindale was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 2007.

It was created in 2003 from parts of Mississauga Centre and Mississauga West ridings.

It consisted of the part of the City of Mississauga bounded by a line drawn from the southwestern city limit northeast along Britannia Road West, southeast along Erin Mills Parkway, northeast along Eglinton Avenue West, southeast along Mavis Road, southwest along the Queensway West, west along the Credit River and southwest along Dundas Street West to the city limit.

In 2018, the district was dissolved into Mississauga—Erin Mills, Mississauga Centre and Mississauga—Lakeshore.

Mississauga Centre (federal electoral district)
Mississauga Centre (French: Mississauga-Centre) is a federal electoral district in the Peel Region of Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2004 and since 2015.
Marty Kuehnert
Marty Kuehnert (July 19, 1946 – November 8, 2024) was an American sports executive who was a senior advisor to the Japanese professional basketball team Sendai 89ers and Japanese professional baseball team Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. He was also the team's first general manager and Nippon Professional Baseball's first foreign general manager.

Sendai 89ers
The Sendai 89ers (仙台89ERS, Sendai Eitinaināzu) are a Japanese professional basketball team based in Sendai, Japan. The 89ers compete in the first division of the B.League as a member of the Eastern Conference. The team name is based on the city's founding year, 1889.
Donovan Grobbelaar
Donovan Grobbelaar (born 30 July 1983) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played for Auckland. He made his List A debut in February 2013 in the 2012–13 Ford Trophy.

Beginning in the 2021/22 season Grobbelaar became the Performance and Talent Coach of the Auckland Hearts.

2012–13 Ford Trophy
The 2012–13 Ford Trophy was the 42nd season of the official List A cricket tournament in New Zealand, and the second in a sponsorship deal between New Zealand Cricket and Ford Motor Company. The competition ran from 26 February 2013 to 30 March 2013, and was won by the Auckland Aces.
Kilbourn Bridge
The Kilbourn Bridge is located south of Kilbourn, Iowa, United States. It carried traffic on Lark Avenue over the Des Moines River for 855 feet (261 m). In 1890, the Van Buren County Board of Supervisors contracted with the Western Bridge Company of Chicago to build a bridge at the Kilbourn ferry crossing. It was destroyed in a flood in 1903, and the Board of Supervisors put off replacing the bridge until 1907, then all the proposals came over the $20,000 limit. They removed the limit the following year. The six-span bridge was designed by the Iowa State Highway Commission (ISHC), and built by the Ottumwa Supply and Construction Company of Ottumwa, Iowa. It was the first large-scale engineering project undertaken by the newly formed ISHC. The Kilbourn Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Ottumwa, Iowa
Ottumwa (/əˈtʌmwə/ ə-TUM-wə) is a city in and the county seat of Wapello County, Iowa, United States. The population was 25,529 at the time of the 2020 U.S. census. Located in the state's southeastern section, the city is split into northern and southern halves by the Des Moines River.

The original town was founded on the former camps of Meskwaki Chiefs Wapello and Appanoose. Ottumwa first developed as an industrious city economically based in farm-equipment manufacturing and meatpacking, those being John Deere and John Morrell & Co. (now JBS) respectively. The city is also home to Indian Hills Community College to provide for higher education. Ottumwa is the center of the Ottumwa Micropolitan Area which includes all of Wapello and Davis counties.
Kim Dong-jun
Kim Dong-jun (born February 11, 1992), also known as just Dongjun, is a South Korean singer and actor. He debuted as member of boy group ZE:A (and later its subgroup ZE:A Five and ZE:A J). Apart from his group's activities, he has established himself as an actor, notably through his participation in various television dramas such as The Fugitive of Joseon (2013), Neighborhood Lawyer Jo Deul-ho (2016), Black (2017) and About Time (2018). He has also starred in films such as A Company Man (2012), Take My Hand (2014), and Dead Again (2017).

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Trench railway
A trench railway was a type of railway that represented military adaptation of early 20th-century railway technology to the problem of keeping soldiers supplied during the static trench warfare phase of World War I. The large concentrations of soldiers and artillery at the front lines required delivery of enormous quantities of food, ammunition and fortification construction materials where transport facilities had been destroyed.  Reconstruction of conventional roads (at that time rarely surfaced) and railways was too slow, and fixed facilities were attractive targets for enemy artillery. Trench railways linked the front with standard gauge railway facilities beyond the range of enemy artillery. Empty cars often carried litters returning wounded from the front.

Gondola (rail)
In North American railroad terminology, a gondola car or gondola is typically an open-topped railroad car used for transporting loose bulk materials, although general freight was also carried in the pre-container era. Because of their low side walls, gondola cars are also suitable for the carriage of such high-density cargos as steel plates or coils, or of bulky items such as prefabricated sections of rail track. Gondola cars are distinct from hopper cars in that they do not have doors on their floor to empty cargo.
Embassy of Chile, Washington, D.C.
The Embassy of Chile in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Chile to the United States. It is located at 1732 Massachusetts Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Embassy Row neighborhood. The embassy has been located there since 1973. The building now occupied by the Chilean Embassy previously housed the Embassy of Bangladesh.

The embassy also operates Consulates-General in Miami, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Houston, Chicago, and New York City.

The ambassador is Juan Gabriel Valdés.

The ambassador's residence is located further northwest on Embassy Row, 2305 Massachusetts Avenue NW. Designed by architect Nathan C. Wyeth, the residence has belonged to the Republic of Chile since 1923.

Consulate-General of Chile in Washington, D.C.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
California hide trade
The California hide trade was a trading system of various products based in cities along the California coastline, operating from the early 1820s to the mid-1840s.

In exchange for hides and tallow from cattle owned by California ranchers, sailors from around the globe, often representing corporations, swapped finished goods of all kinds. The trade was the essential constituent of the region’s economy at the time, and encompassed cities extending from Canton to Lima to Boston, and involved many nations including Russia, Mexico, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

Sailing ships purchased each hide for one American dollar, to sell for a profit at a distant port. Such hides were sold for three dollars in Boston where shoemakers finished the leather.

Tallow
Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton suet, primarily made up of triglycerides.

In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point.

The solid material remaining after rendering is called cracklings, greaves, or graves. It has been used mostly for animal food, such as dog food.

In the soap industry and among soap-making hobbyists, the name tallowate is used informally to refer to soaps made from tallow. This name comes from the chemical suffix "-ate" which signifies a negatively charged ion. Sodium tallowate, for example, is obtained by reacting tallow with sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (washing soda).  It consists chiefly of a variable mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitic.

Dripping is the British term for beef fat that has been rendered; it can be used to make Cornish Pasties.
DJ Solo
Dave Abrams, better known as DJ Solo (often stylized DJ SOLO), is an American DJ, producer, rapper and visual artist. He is a part of the Cypress Hill affiliated Soul Assassins collective. His production credits include La Coka Nostra, Everlast, Planet Asia, GZA, B-Real, Adil Omar, Mitchy Slick and others. He has released several mash-ups, remixes and a compilation album of his production work, titled My MPC Is A Pipe Bomb, and produced on the Soul Assassins Soul Assassins: Intermission album. He also hosted 40's & Blunts, a weekly internet show.

B-Real
Louis Mario Freese (born June 2, 1970), known by his stage name B-Real, is an American rapper. Since 1991, he has been one of two lead rappers in the hip hop group Cypress Hill, along with Sen Dog, and the only constant member of the band. He has also been a part of the rap metal band Kush (2000–2002), the hip hop supergroup Serial Killers (2013–present) and the rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage (2016–2019). He has released a variety of solo mixtapes, as well as two solo albums: Smoke n Mirrors (2009) and Tell You Something (2020).
Weinberger v. UOP, Inc.
Weinberger v. UOP, Inc., 457 A.2d 701 (Del. 1983), is a case concerning United States corporate law in the context of mergers and "squeeze outs".

In Delaware squeeze-out mergers are subject to a two prong entire fairness test. The test focuses on the fairness of both the transaction's price and the process of approval.  The two prongs are fair price and fair dealing.

Fair value
In accounting, fair value is a rational and unbiased estimate of the potential market price of a good, service, or asset. The derivation takes into account such objective factors as the costs associated with production or replacement, market conditions and matters of supply and demand.  Subjective factors may also be considered such as the risk characteristics, the cost of and return on capital, and individually perceived utility.
Warren Rudman
Warren Bruce Rudman (May 18, 1930 – November 19, 2012) was an American attorney and politician who served as a United States senator from New Hampshire from 1980 to 1993. A member of the Republican Party, he was known as a moderate centrist, to such an extent that President Clinton approached him in 1994 about replacing departing Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen in Clinton's cabinet, an offer that Rudman declined.

After two terms in office, Rudman chose not to run for re-election in 1992. At the time of his death, he was a co-chair of Albright Stonebridge Group, a retired partner in the international law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, as well as an advisory board member of Promontory Financial Group. He previously sat on the board of directors of Raytheon, Collins & Aikman, Allied Waste, Boston Scientific and a number of funds in the Dreyfus Family of Funds.

Collins & Aikman
Collins & Aikman Corporation was an automotive manufacturer of cockpit modules and automotive floor and acoustic systems and a supplier of instrument panels, automotive fabric, plastic based trim and convertible top systems. The Company's operations spanned 15 countries, incorporating about 120 facilities and approximately 25,000 employees. It entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy on May 17, 2005  and went out of business on October 12, 2007.
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Hillsboro, Maryland)
The St. Paul's Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located at Hillsboro, Caroline County, Maryland.  It is a small board-and-batten Carpenter Gothic-style structure set on a brick foundation.  Its design is based upon a book of plans and sketches published in 1852 by Richard Upjohn.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Caroline County, Maryland
Caroline County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,293.  Its county seat is Denton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Caroline County is bordered by Queen Anne's County to the north, Talbot County to the west, Dorchester County to the south, Kent County, Delaware, to the east, and Sussex County, Delaware, to the southeast.
Calvary Baptist School (Wisconsin)
Calvary Baptist School is a private, Baptist school located in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, a suburb of Milwaukee, WIsconsin, United States. Calvary consists of preschool through twelfth grade and is one of the largest Protestant schools in the state. It is a member of the American Association of Christian Schools.

Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin
Menomonee Falls is a village in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. Its population was 38,527 at the 2020 census, making it the most-populous village in Wisconsin. It is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The Fortune 500 retailer Kohl's is headquartered in the village.
KV13
Tomb KV13, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was cut and decorated for the burial of the noble Bay of the Nineteenth Dynasty. An ostraca published in the French Egyptological journal BIFAO in 2000 records that Chancellor Bay was executed by pharaoh Siptah. Consequently, Bay was never buried in his tomb. Moreover, no funerary goods were found in the tomb belonging to Bay. It was later reused by two princes of the Twentieth Dynasty, Mentuherkhepsef, a son of Ramesses III, and his nephew, Amenherkhepshef, a son of Ramesses VI.

Siptah
Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merneptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His father's identity is currently unknown. Both Seti II and Amenmesse have been suggested although the fact that Siptah later changed his royal name or nomen to Merneptah Siptah after his Year 2 suggests rather that his father was Merneptah. If correct, this would make Siptah and Seti II half-brothers since both of them were sons of Merneptah.

He was not the crown prince, but succeeded to the throne as a child after the death of Seti II. His accession date occurred on I Peret day 2 around the month of December.
Hawker Creek
Hawker Creek is a stream in Bollinger County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It was a tributary to the Castor River, but now flows into the Headwater Diversion Channel.

Hawker Creek thas the name of a pioneer who settled near it.

Bollinger County, Missouri
Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,567. The county seat, largest and only city, is Marble Hill. The largely rural county is supported by agriculture and construction. The county was officially organized in March 1851 from portions of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard Counties, and named in honor of George Frederick Bollinger, an early settler.

Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the "Missouri dinosaur" discovered at an archaeological dig near Glen Allen in 1942. Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county.
The Oak Openings
The Oak Openings; or, The Bee Hunter is an 1848 novel by James Fenimore Cooper. The novel focuses on the activities of professional honey-hunter Benjamin Boden, nicknamed "Ben Buzz". The novel is set in Kalamazoo, Michigan's Oak Opening, an oak savanna that still exists in part today, during the War of 1812.

Oak savanna
An oak savanna is a type of savanna (or lightly forested grassland), where oaks (Quercus spp.) are the dominant trees. It is also generally characterized by an understory that is lush with grass and herbaceous plants. The terms "oakery" or "woodlands" are also used commonly, though the former is more prevalent when referencing the Mediterranean area. Oak savannas typically exist in areas with low precipitation or high fire frequency and may feature poor soils. Predominant land uses include rangeland agriculture. Naturally, these savannas depend on natural wildfires (e.g. caused by lightning) to maintain their open vegetation.
HX postcode area
The HX postcode area, also known as the Halifax postcode area, is a group of seven postcode districts in England, within four post towns. These cover most of the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale in western West Yorkshire, including Halifax, Elland, Sowerby Bridge and Hebden Bridge.

Hebden Bridge
Hebden Bridge is a market town in the civil parish of Hebden Royd, in the Calderdale district of West Yorkshire, England. It is in the Upper Calder Valley, 8 miles (13 km) west of Halifax and 14 miles (21 km) north-east of Rochdale, at the confluence of the River Calder and Hebden Water. The town is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Hebden Royd.

In 2015, the Calder ward, covering Hebden Bridge, Old Town, and part of Todmorden, had a population of 12,167. The town had a population of 4,500 as of 2024.
Awa Kokubun-ji (Chiba)
The Awa Kokubun-ji (安房国分寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Kokubun neighborhood of the city of Tateyama, Chiba, Japan. The temple belongs to the Shingon-shū Chisan-ha sect, and its main image is a statue of Yakushi Nyōrai. It is the modern successor of one of the provincial temples established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794) for the purpose of promoting Buddhism as the national religion of Japan and standardising control of imperial rule over the provinces. The foundation stones of the original temple was designated as a Tateyama city Historic Site in 1957, and a Chiba Prefectural Historic Site in 1992.

Honzon
Honzon (本尊, "fundamental honored [one]"), sometimes referred to as a Gohonzon (ご本尊 or 御本尊), is the enshrined main image or principal deity in Japanese Buddhism.  The buddha, bodhisattva, or mandala image is located in either a temple or a household butsudan.

The image can be either a statue or a small scroll and varies from sect to sect. It can be a singular image or a group of images; the honzon in the main (hondō) or treasure (kondō) hall of the temple can be for that particular hall or the entire temple complex.  Sometimes honzon is the central image (chūson) of a cluster of three (sanzonbutsu) or five (goson) images.

The physical creation of an icon is followed by a consecration ceremony (known as kaigen, literally 'opening the eyes' or 'dotting the eyes'). It is believed this transforms the honzon into a 'vessel' of the deity which in its own right has power.
Đạ Huoai district
Đạ Huoai is a rural district of Lâm Đồng province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 34,039. The district covers an area of 490 km2. The district capital lies at Ma Đa Guôi.

Central Highlands (Vietnam)
The Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung phần), South Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Nam Trung Bộ), Western Highlands (Vietnamese: Tây Nguyên) or Midland Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung bộ) was a former region located in the south central part of Vietnam. It contained parts of the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Gia Lai, Quảng Ngãi, and Lâm Đồng. On June 12 2025 the region merged with South Central Coast.
Tornado Outbreak
Tornado Outbreak is an action-adventure video game developed by Loose Cannon Studios and published by Konami Digital Entertainment for the PlayStation 3, Wii and Xbox 360. The game was announced at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in June 2009. The game was later re-released on the Xbox Live Marketplace on December 6, 2011.

E3 2009
The Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009 (E3 2009) was the 15th E3 held. The event took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California. It began on June 2, 2009, and ended on June 4, 2009, with 41,000 total attendees.

Major hardware announcements during the show included Microsoft's Project Natal and both Sony's PSP Go and PlayStation Move, while major software announcements included Left 4 Dead 2, Metal Gear Solid: Rising, Halo: Reach, Final Fantasy XIV, New Super Mario Bros. Wii, Super Mario Galaxy 2, and Monado: Beginning of the World.