hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International School of Management (Paris)
The International School of Management (ISM)  is an international business school based in Paris, France and New York City. It allows students to study at partner institutions: St. John's University in New York, Fudan University in China, Amity University, Noida in India, HSM Educação in Brazil, The University of Cape Town in South Africa, and at its location in Paris. It awards International Master of Business Administration (IMBA), DBA and PhD degrees with International Business Management as its main curriculum. In 2014, ISM began offering program specializations in Entrepreneurship & Innovation, Finance, and Higher Education.  The founder and chairman of the board of the institution is Dr. Jack Forget.  The ISM Dean is Tobias de Coning.

Fudan University
Fudan University (FDU) is a public university in Yangpu, Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and is co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was originally founded by the Chinese Jesuit priest Ma Xiangbo in 1905. It is a member of the C9 League.
Tanmatras
Tanmatras (Sanskrit: तन्मात्र = tanmātra) are rudimentary, undifferentiated, subtle elements from which gross elements are produced. There are five sense perceptions – hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell – and there are five tanmatras corresponding to those five sense perceptions and the five sense-organs. The tanmatras combine and re-combine in different ways to produce the gross elements – ether, air, fire, water, and earth – which make up the gross universe perceived by the senses. The senses come into contact with the objects and carry impressions of them to the manas (mind), which receives and arranges them into precepts.

Paramanu
Paramanu is a Sanskrit word used in the Vaisheshika school of thought in Indian philosophy to denote that part of a bhuta, which is indivisible, indestructible and eternal. In other words, the nitya (eternal) form of the four dravyas prithvi, jal, tejas and vayu is called Paramanu.
St Leonard's Church, Linley
St Leonard's Church is in the hamlet of Linley, Shropshire, England.  It is a redundant church under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  When it was in active use, the church was an Anglican parish church in the deanery of Telford Severn Gorge, the archdeaconry of Ludlow, and the diocese of Hereford.  Its benefice has been united with those of All Saints, Broseley, St Bartholomew, Benthall, St Giles, Barrow, and St Mary, Jackfield.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
Minnesota Air National Guard
The Minnesota Air National Guard (MN ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Minnesota Army National Guard, an element of the Minnesota National Guard of the larger United States National Guard Bureau.

As state militia units, the units in the Minnesota Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Minnesota though the office of the Minnesota Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Minnesota National Guard is headquartered in St. Paul, and its commander is currently Major General Shawn P. Manke.

Command hierarchy
A command hierarchy or chain of command is a group of people who carry out orders based on others' authority within the group. Certain aspects of a command hierarchy tend to be similar, including rank, unity of command, and strict accountability. Command hierarchies are used in the military and other organizations. Systemic biases may arise in homogenous groups of command.
Epicopeia mencia
Epicopeia mencia is a moth in the family Epicopeiidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1875. It is found in China, Vietnam, Korea, the Russian Far East, Japan and Taiwan.

The wingspan is about 60 mm.

The larvae feed on Ulmus species. There is one generation per year. The species overwinters in the pupal stage.

Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward in Western Asia to Iran, in Africa to Libya, and in Southeast Asia into Indonesia.

Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease, caused by a microfungus dispersed by bark beetles. In response, disease-resistant cultivars have been developed, capable of restoring the elm to forestry and landscaping.
Haymar, Syria
Haymar (Arabic: حيمر, romanized: Ḩaymar), also spelled Heymer, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. Situated on the northern Manbij Plain, the village is located about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) southwest of Jarabulus and about 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Gaziantep.

With 1,749 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, Haymar administratively belongs to Nahiya Jarabulus within Jarabulus District. Nearby localities include al-Haluwaniyah 3 km (1.9 mi) to the northwest, Tall Shair 2 km (1.2 mi) to the northeast, and Yusuf Bayk 2.5 km (1.6 mi) to the south.

Jarabulus Subdistrict
Jarabulus Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز جرابلس)  is a subdistrict of Jarabulus District in Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Jarabulus.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 41,575.
Val-de-Fier
Val-de-Fier (French pronunciation: [val də fjɛʁ], literally Vale of Fier; Savoyard: Valo d Fyér) is a former commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Vallières-sur-Fier. Its nearest town is Rumilly.

Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie (French pronunciation: [ot savwa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Savouè d'Amont; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis mountain range.

It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.
Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
John A.H. Powell
John Ambrose Hume Powell (?? – July 20, 1843) was a political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Ireland and came to Perth in Upper Canada with his family. His father, Colonel James Powell, was superintendent of the military settlement at Perth and the first sheriff in the Bathurst District. John served as captain in the local militia. In 1834, he was named sheriff in the Bathurst District when his father returned to Ireland. He was elected to the 13th Parliament of Upper Canada for Lanark in 1836. He died in Perth in 1843.

His brother William F. Powell later served in the legislative assembly for the Province of Canada.

Lanark County
Lanark County is a county and census division located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Its county seat is Perth, which was first settled in 1816 and was known as a social and political capital before being overshadowed by a city known today as Ottawa.

Most European settlements of the county began in 1816, when Drummond, Beckwith and Bathurst townships were named and initially surveyed. The first farm north of the Rideau was cleared and settled somewhat earlier, in 1790. The county took its name from the town of Lanark in Scotland. Nearly all the townships were named after British public and military figures from the era of early settlement.
Sebeka, Minnesota
Sebeka (/səˈbiːkə/ sə-BEE-kə) is a city in Wadena County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2020 census, Sebeka had a population of 741. The name comes from an Ojibwe word meaning "town by the water".

U.S. Highway 71, State Highway 227, and the historic Jefferson Highway (now Jefferson Avenue), are three of the main routes in the city.

Jefferson Highway
The Jefferson Highway was an automobile highway stretching through the central United States from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada. The Jefferson Highway was replaced with the new numbered US Highway system in the late 1920s. Portions of the highway are still named Jefferson Highway, including the portions that run through Jefferson Parish, Louisiana; East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana; Lee's Summit, Missouri; Osseo, Minnesota; and Wadena, Minnesota.

It was built in the 1910s as part of the National Auto Trail system.

Named for President Thomas Jefferson, inspired by the east–west Lincoln Highway, it was nicknamed the "Palm to Pine Highway", for the varying types of trees found at either end.
Hypancistrus phantasma
Hypancistrus phantasma is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Vaupés River in the Rio Negro drainage in the Amazon basin in Brazil. The species reaches 12.3 cm (4.8 inches) SL. Its specific epithet means "phantom" in Latin, referring to the species' notable elusiveness and its pale coloration. It was described in 2016 by Milton Tan and Jonathan W. Armbruster on the basis of coloration, alongside the related species Hypancistrus margaritatus.

H. phantasma was described based on only a small number of specimens collected in 1924, and it has reportedly not been collected since, nor is it known in the aquarium trade, unlike H. margaritatus.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Apple Symbols
Apple Symbols is a font introduced in Mac OS X 10.3 “Panther”. This is a TrueType font intended to provide coverage for characters defined as symbols in the Unicode Standard. It continues to ship with Mac OS X as part of the default installation. Prior to Mac OS X 10.5, its path was /Library/Fonts/Apple Symbols.ttf. From Mac OS X 10.5 onward, it is to be found at /System/Library/Fonts/Apple Symbols.ttf, meaning it is now considered an essential part of the system software, not to be deleted by users.

The version of the font as of Mac OS X 10.5 is 6.0d7e4.

It remains available in modern macOS versions such as macOS Ventura.

Mac OS X Panther
Mac OS X Panther (version 10.3) is the fourth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system. It followed Mac OS X Jaguar and preceded Mac OS X Tiger. It was released on October 24, 2003, with the retail price of US$129 for a single user and US$199 for a five user, family license.

The main features of Panther included a refined Aqua theme, Exposé, Fast user switching, and a new Finder. Panther also included Safari as its default browser, as a change from Internet Explorer in Jaguar.
Mike Sayers
Herbert James Michael Sayers (1 May 1911 — 6 December 1943) was an Irish international rugby union player.

Born in Madras, Sayers was the only child of India-based civil servant Sir Frederick Sayers. He picked up rugby union as a schoolboy at Stonyhurst College in England and went on to attend Sandhurst.

Sayers married the daughter of Woolworth chairman W. L. Stephenson, owner of the yacht Velsheda.

A loose forward, Sayers played for Aldershot Services, the Army, Lansdowne, Richmond and Rosslyn Park. He represented Ireland during the late 1930s, debuting in their championship-winning 1935 Home Nations campaign as a wing-forward, a position he played exclusively aside from one match as a stand in wing three-quarter.

Sayers was an army major, attached to the Canadian Artillery regiment during World War II, and died on active service as the passenger in a plane that crashed in Buckinghamshire on 6 December 1943, at the age of 32.

Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery (French: Le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne), formerly and commonly known as the Royal Canadian Artillery, is the artillery personnel branch of the Canadian Army.
Fattigdommens forbandelse
Fattigdommens forbandelse (The Curses of Poverty) is a Norwegian silent film that premiered at the Kosmorama Theater in Kristiania (now Oslo) on October 7, 1911.

The film is considered the first Norwegian feature film, and was also announced as "the first Norwegian art film" (Den første norske kunstfilm). It was directed by Halfdan Nobel Roede, who also directed the films Under forvandlingens lov (1911), Alt for Norge (1912), and Hemmeligheden  (1912).

The film is considered lost, and so its exact content is not known, but the film was described as a "a mini-drama on the shady side of life in three acts" (minodrama paa Livets Skyggeside i 3 Akter). The indoor scenes were filmed at Riis farm in Vestre Aker. The outdoor scene was partly filmed in Son and partly elsewhere.

Vestre Aker
Vestre Aker (Western Aker) is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway. It has a population of 50,157 as of 2020.

The previous Aker Municipality was merged into the city of Oslo in 1948.

The borough of Vestre Aker was organized as part of the 1 January 2004 reform. Previous boroughs 
Vinderen and Røa became part of the new borough of Vestre Aker. The borough of Vestre Aker does not correspond to Vestre Aker parish of the Church of Norway, that lies east of the borough. The borough of Vestre Aker belongs to Ris, Røa and Voksen parishes of the Church of Norway.

Situated in the hillside west of the city centre, Vestre Aker is known for being one of the wealthiest parts of Oslo.

Ready started playing in the Norwegian Bandy Premier League 2004–05 and has ever since.

The borough consists of the following traditional districts of Oslo:

Holmenkollen, the location of the Holmenkollen ski jump

Tryvann

Vinderen

Røa

Sørkedalen

Smestad, Oslo

Slemdal
Monthly Climatic Data for the World
Monthly Climatic Data for the World (MCDW) is a monthly publication of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) division of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. According to the website, each monthly issue "contains monthly mean temperature, pressure, precipitation, vapor pressure, and sunshine for approximately 2,000 surface data collection stations worldwide and monthly mean upper air temperatures, dew point depressions, and wind velocities for approximately 500 observing sites. This is the final quality controlled copy and generally has a 4 - 6 month time lag."

The issues are available for download in portable document format.

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to operate and manage the United States environmental satellite programs, and manage the data gathered by the National Weather Service and other government agencies and departments.
Holman Stadium (Vero Beach)
Holman Stadium is a baseball stadium in Vero Beach, Florida, built in 1953 from an abandoned naval base, to accommodate spring training for the Brooklyn Dodgers as part of a complex now called Historic Dodgertown. In addition to the Dodgers' spring games, it was the home of the Vero Beach Devil Rays, previously the Vero Beach Dodgers, of the Florida State League, through the 2008 season. The official seating capacity is 6,500.

Vero Beach, Florida
Vero Beach is a city in and the county seat of Indian River County, Florida, United States. According to the 2020 census, the city had a population of 16,354. Nicknamed "The Hibiscus City", Vero is situated about 85 miles (137 km) southeast of Orlando along the Indian River Lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean on Florida's Treasure Coast. Because it is located about 65 miles (105 km) north of West Palm Beach at the northern end of the South Florida region, the city has adopted two similar mottos "The Gateway to the Tropics" and "Where the Tropics Begin".

Vero Beach was named the 7th Best Small Beach Town in Florida by Southern Living Magazine in 2023. The main roadways in the city are U.S. Route 1, Florida State Road A1A, and Florida State Road 60 (20th Street), which has its eastern terminus at Sexton Plaza in the city.
2021 Internationaux Féminins de la Vienne
The 2021 Internationaux Féminins de la Vienne was a professional women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the twenty-seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Poitiers, France between 25 and 31 October 2021.

Internationaux Féminins de la Vienne
The Internationaux Féminins de la Vienne is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on indoor hard courts. The event is classified as a $80,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Poitiers, France, since (at least) 1994 (with the exception of 2020).
Dolls for Darfur
Dolls for Dafur is a Jewish charity dedicated to making the world take immediate action on the Darfur conflict in Sudan. Dolls for Darfur is facilitated by Rabbi David E. Stern and Temple Emanu-El of Dallas. The organization has made thousands of pins representing the victims of Darfur. These pins, made out of Guatemalan worry dolls, along with programs, have been used to lobby for a sterner American response to the genocide
in Darfur. Many youth in the United States have contributed to the project by making pins.

Temple Emanu-El (Dallas)
Temple Emanu-El is a Reform Jewish synagogue located at 8500 Hillcrest Road, in Dallas, Texas, in the United States. Chartered as the Jewish Congregation Emanu-El in 1875, it was the first Reform congregation in North Texas, and is the largest synagogue in the South.

The congregation is led by Rabbi David E. Stern.
Kjell H. Halvorsen
Kjell H. Halvorsen (4 May 1946 – 18 March 2006) was a Norwegian diplomat.

He graduated from the University of Oslo with a mag.art. degree (PhD equivalent) in political science in 1976, and worked at the University of Oslo from 1977 to 1983 before being hired in the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation in 1983 and the Ministry of Development Cooperation in 1984. He was promoted to assistant secretary, then sub-director, then deputy under-secretary of state in 1991, two years after the Ministry of Development Cooperation was incorporated into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1999 to 2003 he served as Norway's ambassador to Iceland. From 2003 to his death he served as leader of the Nordic Secretariat in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 2000 he was decorated as a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. He was married and had one daughter, and died in March 2006 in Oslo.

Royal Norwegian Order of Merit
The Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Fortjenstorden (Bokmål) or Den Kongelege Norske Fortenesteordenen (Nynorsk)) was instituted by King Olav V in 1985.  It is awarded to foreigners,  Norwegian citizens living abroad, Ministry of Foreign Affairs diplomats, foreign civil servants in Norway, and Norway's honorary consuls for "outstanding service in the interests of Norway". Its counterpart, the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, is generally only awarded to Norwegian citizens living in Norway.
GPU virtualization
GPU virtualization refers to technologies that allow the use of a GPU to accelerate graphics or GPGPU applications running on a virtual machine. GPU virtualization is used in various applications such as desktop virtualization, cloud gaming and computational science (e.g. hydrodynamics simulations).

GPU virtualization implementations generally involve one or more of the following techniques: device emulation, API remoting, fixed pass-through and mediated pass-through. Each technique presents different trade-offs regarding virtual machine to GPU consolidation ratio, graphics acceleration, rendering fidelity and feature support, portability to different hardware, isolation between virtual machines, and support for suspending/resuming and live migration.

VMware
VMware LLC is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, U.S. On November 22, 2023, Broadcom acquired VMware in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at $69 billion, with the End-User Computing  division of VMware then sold to KKR and rebranded to Omnissa. VMware was the first commercially successful company to virtualize the x86 architecture.

VMware's desktop software runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. VMware ESXi, its enterprise software hypervisor, is an operating system that runs on server hardware.