hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zoran Knežević (astronomer)
Zoran Knežević (Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Кнежевић; born 23 August 1949 in Osijek) is a  Serbian astronomer, who has been publishing since 1982. He is the current president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) since 2023. His major scientific contributions are in the field of movement of small Solar System bodies, their proper elements and perturbations, as well as the identification and evolution of asteroid families. As of 2002, he is the director of Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and the president of Serbian National Astronomy Committee.

Osijek
Osijek (Croatian pronunciation: [ôsijeːk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the economic and cultural hub of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative seat of Osijek-Baranja County. It is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,313 recorded in the 2021 census. The city is situated on the southern bank of the Drava River, 25 km (16 mi) upstream from its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 m (308 ft). Osijek is located 16 km (10 mi) west of the Croatia–Serbia border.
CAAC Flight 2311
CAAC Flight 2311 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Changsha Datuopu Airport, in Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China, to the former Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. On 24 December 1982, it was flown by an Ilyushin Il-18B (registered in China as B-202). After landing at Baiyun Airport, a fire in the cabin produced toxic smoke whereupon the crew stopped the aircraft on the runway and evacuated the passengers. The fast-developing fire killed 25 passengers and seriously injured 22 passengers and 4 crew members. The fire, which was started by a passenger's cigarette, destroyed the aircraft.

Ilyushin Il-18
The Ilyushin Il-18 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the Soviet Union's principal airliners for several decades and was widely exported. Due to the aircraft's durability, many examples achieved over 45,000 flight hours and the type remains operational in both military and to a lesser extent in civilian capacities. The Il-18's successor was the longer-range Ilyushin Il-62.
Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
Eugen Böhm Ritter von Bawerk (short form: Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Austrian German: [fɔn bøːm ˈbaːvɛrk]; born Eugen Böhm, 12 February 1851 – 27 August 1914) was an Austrian-school intellectual and political economist who served intermittently as the Minister of Finance of Austria between 1895 and 1904. Böhm-Bawerk is noted for the theory of Roundaboutness, which emphasizes the time intensity, not only capital intensity, of investments in capital goods to increase productivity.  He advanced an interest rate theory centered on time preference. He also wrote an extensive critique of Marxism and Marx's labor theory of value.

Ministry of Finance (Austria)
The Ministry of Finance (German: Bundesministerium für Finanzen) is the government ministry of Austria responsible for the collection of taxes and customs as well as the administration of fiscal and economic policy. It oversees the Revenue Service, the Revenue Service for Large Businesses, the Financial Police, and various other agencies.

It is headquartered in the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene, Vienna. The current Minister is Markus Marterbauer.
Somos unos Animales
Somos unos Animales  (Spanish: We’re Such Animals) is the second studio album by the Spanish hard rock band Extremoduro recorded in two weeks and released under the Pasión-Área Creativa label in July 1991. With the collaboration of vocalist and guitarist Rosendo Mercado (ex-Leño) on the songs " La canción de los oficios " (vocals) and " Perro Callejero " (guitar). Released in CD format on 27 October 1995 under DRO label.

DRO Records
DRO Records (often referred to simply as DRO) is a Spanish independent record label founded in 1982 by members of the band Aviador Dro. It is one of Spain's first independent record labels. During the 1980s DRO was an important label for independent artists in Spain, especially in Madrid.
York boat
The York boat was a type of inland boat used by the Hudson's Bay Company to carry furs and trade goods along inland waterways in Rupert's Land, the watershed stretching from Hudson Bay to the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. It was named after York Factory, the headquarters of the HBC, and by some accounts was supposedly modeled after the Orkney yole (itself a descendant of the Viking longship). Two variations to the York Boat were scows and "Sturgeon Heads."

Yole
A yole is a clinker-built boat that was used for fishing particularly in the north of Scotland. The best known of these is the Orkney Yole. They were rigged for sail or used as rowing boats. The yole is a Nordic design and closely related in shape to the Shetland Yoal and Sgoth Niseach of the Outer Hebrides. Another related craft is the Stroma Yole.
Benning Road
Benning Road is a major traveled street in Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland.

The street's western terminus is at the Starburst Intersection in the Northeast quadrant of the city at Bladensburg Road, Florida Avenue, Maryland Avenue, H Street and 15th Street. It passes over the Anacostia River via the Ethel Kennedy Bridge into the neighborhood of Benning. It continues southeast across East Capitol Street into the Southeast quadrant, crossing Southern Avenue and the D.C.-Maryland boundary into Maryland, ending at an intersection with Marlboro Pike (a former alignment of Maryland Route 4).

Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
Northeast (NE or N.E.) is the northeastern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. It encompasses the area located north of East Capitol Street and east of North Capitol Street.
Ram Rai
Ram Rai (Gurmukhi: ਰਾਮ ਰਾਏ; rāma rā'ē; 1645–1687 or 1689) was the excommunicated eldest son of the seventh Sikh Guru, Guru Har Rai, and the founder of the Ramraiyas, an unorthodox and heretical sect in Sikhism, classified as a type of Udasi. He became an Udasi after being ex-communicated by his father. After his excommunication, he founded the Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib, a Darbar in Dehradun which was built in Indo-Islamic architecture style.

Udasi
Udasis (Gurmukhi: ਉਦਾਸੀ ਸੰਪਰਦਾ; udāsī saparadā) (Devanagari: उदासी संप्रदाय), also spelt as Udasins, also known as Nanak Putras (meaning "sons of Nanak"), are a religious sect of ascetic sadhus centred in northern India who follow a tradition known as Udasipanth. Becoming custodians of Sikh shrines in the 18th century, they were notable interpreters and spreaders of the Sikh philosophy during that time. However, their religious practices border on a syncretism of Sikhism and Hinduism, and they did not conform to the Khalsa standards as ordained by Guru Gobind Singh. When the Lahore Singh Sabha reformers, dominated by Tat Khalsa Sikhs, would hold them responsible for indulging in ritual practices antithetical to Sikhism, as well as personal vices and corruption, the Udasi mahants were expelled from the Sikh shrines.
Jacobs Well, Surrey
Jacobs Well or Jacobswell is a small village in Surrey, England, of 20th century creation, with a population of 1,171. The village forms a northern outskirt of Guildford, in the civil parish of Worplesdon  which can be considered the mother village of medieval date to the west.  The Stoke Hill part of Stringers Common, Slyfield Industrial Estate and a Surrey County Council general waste transfer station to the south form the narrowest of its buffer zones to all sides, separating the Slyfield part of Guildford from the village.

Between Jacobs Well and Burpham to the south-east and east lie the River Wey, Burpham Court Farm Park, the River Wey Navigation, and the A3, in that order.

Other nearby settlements include Sutton Green (beyond which is Old Woking) to the NNE.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Littlehampton Pier
Littlehampton Pier is an oil on canvas landscape painting by the British artist Augustus Wall Callcott, from 1811-1812. It depicts a view of the pier at the port of Littlehampton in Sussex on the southern coast of England. Callcott, a friend and rival of J.M.W. Turner, developed a reputation as one of Britain's leading landscape artists during the Regency era.

It was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1812 at Somerset House. The painting was acquired by the prominent art collector Sir John Leicester. It was then acquired by Robert Vernon who donated it to the National Gallery in 1847. Today it is in the collection of Tate Britain in Pimlico.

Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
The Summer Exhibition is an open art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London, England, during June, July, and August. The exhibition includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, architectural designs and models, and is the largest and most popular open exhibition in the United Kingdom. It is also "the longest continuously staged exhibition of contemporary art in the world".

When the Royal Academy was founded in 1768, one of its key objectives was to establish an annual exhibition, open to all artists of merit, which could be visited by the public. The first Summer Exhibition took place in 1769; it has been held every year since without exception.
Nshimbodon
Nshimbodon is an extinct genus of basal cynodonts belonging to the family Charassognathidae. Its only known species is Nshimbodon muchingaensis, which was named in 2020 based on remains discovered in the Late Permian-aged Madumabisa Mudstone Formation of Zambia. It is known from a single specimen, which consists of a partial skull and several postcranial bones, including parts of the shoulder girdle and forelimbs.

Cynodontia
Cynodontia (from Ancient Greek  κύων (kúōn) 'dog' and  ὀδούς (odoús) 'tooth') is a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives (Mammaliaformes), having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic.

Non-mammalian cynodonts occupied a variety of ecological niches, both as carnivores and as herbivores. Following the emergence of mammals, most other cynodont lines went extinct, with the last known non-mammaliaform cynodont group, the Tritylodontidae, having its youngest records in the Early Cretaceous.
Rosa Elba Pérez
Rosa Elba Pérez Hernández (born 30 September 1968) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM). 
In the 2012 general election, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Guanajuato's 6th district during the 62nd session of Congress.

6th federal electoral district of Guanajuato
The 6th federal electoral district of Guanajuato (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 06 de Guanajuato) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 15 such districts in the state of Guanajuato.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Laura Cristina Márquez Alcalá of the National Action Party (PAN).
Aik Aur Sitam Hai
Aik Aur Sitam Hai (transl. One More Atrocity) is a 2019 Pakistani television series, co-produced by Evolution Media and TNI Productions. The serial airs weekly episode on A-Plus TV every wednesday replacing Khafa Khafa Zindagi. It stars Maria Wasti, Alyy Khan, Fawad Jalal and Beenish Chohan.The title song of the series is sung by actress Zhalay Sarhadi.

Zhalay Sarhadi
Zhalay Sarhadi (Urdu pronunciation: [ʒaːˈle ˈsaɾhaˈdi] Urdu: ژالے سرحدی, romanized: Žālê Sarḥadî; Persian: Zhâleh, Persian pronunciation: [ʒɒːˈleh ˈsæɾhæˈdiː]), also spelled Zille Sarhadi (born 11 June 1981), is a Pakistani actress, model, and former VJ. Her notable performances include the series Uraan (2010), Aks (2012), Madiha Maliha (2012), Digest Writer (2014), Rang Laaga (2015), Nazo (2015), and Yaar Na Bichray (2021). In 2018, she received a Lux Style Award nomination for her performance in the film Chalay Thay Sath.
Khabur Guards
The Khabour Guards (Syriac: ܡܘܬܒܐ ܕܢܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܕܚܒܘܪ, romanized: Mawtḇā d-Nāṭorē d-Ḥābor; Arabic: مجلس حرس الخابور الآشوري) is an Assyrian militia in Syria created after the collapse of Syrian government control in the Assyrian-majority Khabur valley in the northwest of al-Hasakah Governorate. The militia is composed of local Assyrians and maintains checkpoints in several Assyrian settlements, most notably Tell Tamer.  It was initially established as an independent force, but is now affiliated with the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces. Though officially neutral and nonpartisan, the Khabour Guards are de facto affiliated with the Assyrian Democratic Party along with Nattoreh, and as a part of the Syriac-Assyrian Military Council of the Syrian Democratic Forces, they are affiliated with the Syriac Union Party.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Waxhaw people
The Waxhaw people were a Native American tribe who historically lived in present-day counties of Lancaster, in South Carolina; and Union and Mecklenburg in North Carolina, around the area of present-day Charlotte.

Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Mecklenburg County (/ˈmɛklənˌbɜːrɡ/) is a county located in the southwestern region of the U.S. state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,115,482, making it the second-most populous county in North Carolina (after Wake County), and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass one million in population.  Its county seat is Charlotte, the state's largest municipality.

Mecklenburg County is the central county of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. On September 12, 2013, it was estimated the county surpassed one million residents.

Like its seat, the county is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of the United Kingdom (1761–1818), whose name is derived from the region of Mecklenburg in Germany. It was named for Mecklenburg Castle (Mecklenburg meaning "large castle" in Low German) in the village of Dorf Mecklenburg.
Marie Bleck
Marie Bleck  (1911–1949) was an American printmaker known for her work with the Works Progress Administration (WPA). She attended Oshkosh State Teachers College and Milwaukee State Teachers College. She went on to teach art in the Wisconsin public school system, becoming head of the art department of Oshkosh High School in 1938. In the late 1930s and early 1940s Bleck created prints for the Federal Art Project of the WPA.  During World War II Bleck served in the WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service). After her service she settled in Alaska, where she taught art in Palmer. Bleck died in 1949 at the age of 37.

Bleck's work is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Her work was included in the 2017 exhibition entitled WPA Art from RAM'S Collection at the Racine Art Museum.

University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
The University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh (UW Oshkosh or UWO) is a public university in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System and offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs.
Gladson Cameli
Gladson de Lima Cameli (born 26 March 1978) is a Brazilian politician and engineer. He had represented Acre in the Federal Senate from 2015 to 2019. Cameli is the incumbent Governor of Acre since 2019. Previously, he was a deputy from Acre from 2007 to 2015. He is a member of Progressistas (PP). He has been implicated in the Petrobras scandal.

Cameli is the governor of Acre, having been elected in the first round of the 2018 election.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Kirktown of Fetteresso
The Kirktown of Fetteresso is a well-preserved village near Stonehaven, Scotland.  In the planning area of Kincardine and Mearns, Aberdeenshire, this village contains many very old stone residential structures as well as the Church of St. Ciarans and its associated graveyard.  The Carron Water winds through the Kirktown of Fetteresso, and Fetteresso Castle, a listed building, lies at the northwestern verge. Some of the earliest area prehistory has been found nearby on the Fetteresso Estate grounds, where there have been archaeological finds from the Bronze Age.

Fetteresso was the birthplace of Alexander Wood, who emigrated to Toronto in 1793 and became a noted businessman and magistrate.

Today, the Dundee–Aberdeen line passes the village. The Stonehaven bypass, now part of the A90, passes between the village and Stonehaven.

A90 road
The A90 road is a major north-to-south road in eastern Scotland, running from Edinburgh to Fraserburgh, through Dundee and Aberdeen. Along with the A9 and the A82 it is one of the three major north–south trunk roads connecting the Central Belt to northern destinations. The A90 is not continuous: there is a gap between Dalmeny and Perth, but the M90 connects those two places.
Carbon Shift
Carbon Shift: How Peak Oil and the Climate Crisis Will Change Canada (and Our Lives) is a 2009 non-fiction book edited by Thomas Homer-Dixon and Nick Garrison that collects six essays that discusses the issues of peak oil and climate change.  The book was first published in hardcover by Random House of Canada in 2009 under the title Carbon Shift: How the Twin Crises of Oil Depletion and Climate Change Will Define the Future, and became a national bestseller.  In 2010, the paperback was published by Vintage Canada, a division of Random House Canada, the sub-title then changing to How Peak Oil and the Climate Crisis Will Change Canada (and Our Lives).

Thomas Homer-Dixon
Thomas Homer-Dixon (born 1956) is a Canadian political scientist and author who researches threats to global security. He is the founder and Executive Director of the Cascade Institute at Royal Roads University in Victoria, British Columbia. He is the author of seven books, the most recent being Commanding Hope: The Power We Have to Renew a World in Peril.
Vinylene group
In chemistry, vinylene (also ethenylene or 1,2-ethenediyl) is a divalent functional group (a part of a molecule) with formula −CH=CH−; namely, two carbons, each connected to the other by a double bond, to an hydrogen atom by a single bond, and to the rest of the molecule by another single bond.

This group can be viewed as a molecule of ethene (ethylene, H2C=CH2) with a hydrogen removed from each carbon; or a vinyl group −CH=CH2 with one hydrogen removed from the terminal carbon.  It should not be confused with the vinylidene group =C=CH2 or >C=CH2.

A vinylene unit attached to two distinct atoms other than hydrogen (namely R−CH=CH−R') is a source of cis-trans isomerism.

The vinylene group is the repeating unit in polyacetylene and in polyenes.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
2021 Big Machine Spiked Coolers Grand Prix
The 2021 Big Machine Spiked Coolers Grand Prix was an IndyCar motor race held on August 14, 2021 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Road Course. It was the 12th round of the 2021 IndyCar Series. This was also the first meeting at the Speedway since the death of Bob Jenkins.  Indianapolis area resident and well-known motorsport broadcaster Jamie Little replaced Jenkins, sharing public address duties with Allen Bestwick.  Dave Calabro, who shares duties with Bestwick, does not work the Verizon 200 meeting.

The 85-lap race was won by Team Penske's Will Power, clinching his first win of the season. IndyCar rookie Romain Grosjean finished second, repeating his best ever finish at the time, which was achieved at the same circuit in the GMR Grand Prix. Colton Herta of Andretti Autosport rounded out the podium places with his third-placed finish.

Bob Jenkins
Robert Francis Jenkins (September 4, 1947 – August 9, 2021) was an American television and radio sports announcer, primarily calling Indy car and NASCAR telecasts for ESPN/ABC and later Versus/NBCSN. Jenkins was the radio "Voice of the Indianapolis 500" on the IMS Radio Network from 1990 to 1998, then held the same role on ABC Sports television from 1999 to 2001.

His last position was the lead commentator for NBCSN coverage of the IndyCar Series. He retired from broadcasting after the 2012 IndyCar season finale to care for his wife Pam who was battling brain cancer. After his wife's death that offseason, Jenkins came out of retirement for occasional reserve roles on television, radio, and public address primarily at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Lucy Lincoln Drown
Lucy Lincoln Drown (August 4, 1848 – June 21, 1934) was an American nursing educator. She was the superintendent of nurses at the Boston City Hospital from 1885 to 1910, which “made her a national figure in nursing”. She was one of the pioneers in nursing education in the US.

Boston City Hospital
The Boston City Hospital (1864–1996), in Boston, Massachusetts, was a public hospital located in the South End. It was "intended for the use and comfort of poor patients, to whom medical care will be provided at the expense of the city, and ... to provide accommodations and medical treatment to others, who do not wish to be regarded as dependent on public charity."

In 1996, it merged with the Boston University Medical Center Hospital to form the Boston Medical Center.

This building is under study for Boston Landmark status by the Boston Landmarks Commission.