hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jame Jam TV
Jame Jam TV was a television channel airing programs for Iranians living outside Iran. The channel broadcasts TV series which are shown domestically in Iran. There were originally three channels under the Jame Jam branding, each broadcasting to a different part of the world – Jame Jam 1 broadcasting to Europe, Jame Jam 2 broadcasting to North America, and Jame Jam 3 broadcasting to Asia and Oceania – but from 17 January 2015 the three channels merged as a single channel.

As of 2019 it broadcasts via satellite on Galaxy 19 97°W (for North America), Hot Bird 13°E (for Europe), Badr 5 26°E (for Iran & Central/South/West Asia).

It should not be confused with the California-based Jaam-e-Jam channel which was created by Iranians who left after the revolution.
Hassan Maleki is the current manager of the channel.

Badr (satellite)
Badr was a series of satellites operated by Pakistan. The first satellite, Badr-1, was launched in July 1990. It was the first SUPARCO-engineered object to orbit the Earth. That launch took place on July 16, 1990, as part of the International Frequency Registration Bureau. The Urdu word "Badr" literally means "Full Moon," and its launch vehicle was the Chinese Long March 2E space rocket.

The Badr series consisted of two satellites, both developed by SUPARCO. Badr-1 successfully completed its designated life. Badr-B was the second spacecraft and the first Earth observation satellite launched by Pakistan. It was placed into Sun-synchronous orbit on December 10, 2001, at 5:19 PM UTC.

The Badr program was decommissioned in 2012 after Badr-B completed its mission successfully. The Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite has replaced the Badr program since 2018.
Modified vaccinia Ankara
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated (weakened) strain of the vaccinia virus. It is being used as a vaccine (called MVA-BN, brand names: Imvanex in the EU, Imvamune in Canada, and Jynneos in the US) against smallpox and mpox, having fewer side effects than smallpox vaccines derived from other poxviruses.

This third-generation smallpox vaccine has the advantage that it cannot reproduce complete virions in human cells, "the block of the MVA life cycle occurs at the step of virion assembly resulting in assembly of immature virus particles that are not released from the infected cell."

By inserting antigen genes into its genome, modified vaccinia Ankara virus is also used as an experimental viral vector for vaccines against non-poxvirus diseases.

Viral vector vaccine
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. As of April 2021, six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized for use in humans.
Project84
Project84 was an art installation comprising life-size statues of 84 men on top of the ITV buildings at Southbank in London, England. It aimed to highlight the fact that, in the United Kingdom, an average 84 men die by suicide each week.

Each of the statues represents a specific, named individual who died by suicide, and whose biographies are available on the project's website.

The installation was created by artist Mark Jenkins and his collaborator Sandra Fernandez, at the instigation of the charity 'CALM' (Campaign Against Living Miserably) with sponsorship from Harry's. It was launched on the ITV programme This Morning on 26 March 2018, and remained there for five days.

Harry's
Harry's is an American manufacturer and seller of shaving equipment and men's personal care products via online and retail channels. They utilise a subscription service where customers receive new razor blades, shaving cream, and other grooming products by mail.

Based in New York City, it was founded in 2012 by Andy Katz-Mayfield and Jeff Raider and launched its subscription service a year later. In 2014, Harry's purchased the Feintechnik razor factory in Germany.

In May 2019, Edgewell Personal Care announced it would purchase Harry's. In February 2020, the Federal Trade Commission sued Edgewell to block the merger, stating that the merger could hurt competition.
Sepia (color)
Sepia is a reddish-brown color, named after the rich brown pigment derived from the ink sac of the common cuttlefish Sepia. The word sepia is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek word σηπία (sēpía), meaning cuttlefish.

Ink sac
An ink sac is an anatomical feature that is found in many cephalopod mollusks used to produce the defensive cephalopod ink. With the exception of nocturnal and very deep water cephalopods, all Coleoidea (squid, octopus and cuttlefish) which dwell in light conditions have an ink sac, which can be used to expel a cloud of dark ink in order to confuse predators.

The ink sac is a muscular bag which originated as an extension of the hind gut; it is a modified hypobranchial gland. It lies beneath the gut and opens into the anus, into which its contents – almost pure melanin – can be squirted; its proximity to the base of the funnel means that the ink can be distributed by ejected water as the cephalopod uses its jet propulsion.  The ejected cloud of melanin is bound by mucus particles, so it forms a lump approximately the size and shape of the cephalopod, fixing the predator's attention while the mollusc itself makes a hasty escape.
India Pakistan
India Pakistan is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by N. Anand. It stars Vijay Antony and Sushma Raj, while Pasupathy plays a pivotal supporting role. The film, produced by Vijay Antony himself, was filmed by N. Om, director Anand's younger brother and features music scored by Deena Devarajan, Antony's former associate. India Pakistan released on 8 May 2015 to mixed to positive reviews from critics and audience and ended up with a successful venture at the box office.

Pasupathy
Pasupathy (born 18 May 1969) is an Indian actor. He appeared in critically acclaimed roles in many noted films in Tamil cinema, playing supporting, antagonistic, comedic as well as protagonistic roles. He has won a Tamil Nadu State Film Award and Two Filmfare Awards South.

His performance in E (2006) earned him a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain. He also won an ITFA Best Supporting Actor Award for his role in Kuselan (2008). He has also appeared in Malayalam, Telugu, and Kannada films.
Council of Nordic Trade Unions
The Council of Nordic Trade Unions (NFS) is a regional trade union federation. It represents 9 million members from 16 national trade unions in the Nordic countries of Europe. It was founded in 1972, and has close ties with the Baltic Sea Trade Union Network (BASTUN). The main task of NFS is to co-ordinate trade union activities in the Nordic countries, particularly with regard to employment, economic policy and different social issues. General Secretary, since 2014, is Magnus Gissler.

Baltic Sea Trade Union Network
The Baltic Sea Trade Union Network (BASTUN) is a regional trade union federation of 22 organizations with 20 million members from the Baltic Sea region. It was founded in 1999. BASTUN is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.
Listed buildings in Thoroton
Thoroton is a civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England.  The parish contains five listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. Grades are designated by interest in preservation. The parish contains the village of Thoroton and the surrounding area.  All the listed buildings are in the village, and consist of a church, a pigeoncote, a manor house, a house and a range of associated buildings.

Borough of Rushcliffe
Rushcliffe is a local government district with borough status in south Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in West Bridgford. The borough also includes the towns of Bingham and Cotgrave as well as numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some of the built-up areas in the north-west of the borough, including West Bridgford, form part of the Nottingham Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Broxtowe, Nottingham, Gedling, Newark and Sherwood, Melton, Charnwood, North West Leicestershire and Erewash.
2025 Women's Premier League (cricket)
The 2025 Women's Premier League (also known as WPL 2025 and branded as TATA WPL 2025) was the third season of the Women's Premier League, a women's franchise Twenty20 cricket league organised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). The tournament, featuring five teams, was held from 14 February to 15 March 2025. Royal Challengers Bengaluru were the defending champions.

Royal Challengers Bengaluru (WPL)
Royal Challengers Bengaluru, formerly Royal Challengers Bangalore, commonly known as RCB, is an Indian professional franchise cricket team based in Bengaluru, Karnataka that competes in the Women's Premier League. It is owned by United Spirits, which also owns the men's team. The team is coached by Malolan Rangarajan and captained by Smriti Mandhana. RCB won the 2024 season, bringing the first trophy for the franchise. It is also the most popular and followed cricket franchise on Instagram with more than 21 million followers.
1892–1896 Mississippi Legislature
The 1892–1896 Mississippi Legislature was a legislative term in the United States composed of the Mississippi State Senate and the Mississippi House of Representatives that met in two sessions in 1892 and 1894.

Mississippi Legislature
The Mississippi Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The bicameral Legislature is composed of the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, with 122 members, and the upper Mississippi State Senate, with 52 members. Both representatives and senators serve four-year terms without term limits. The Legislature convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson.
Lebon (surname)
Lebon is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bart LeBon (born 1952/1953), American politician

Christophe Lebon (born 1982), French swimmer

David Lebón (born 1952), Argentine musician

Karine Lebon (born 1985), French politician

Philippe LeBon (1767–1804), French engineer

Bart LeBon
Barton S. "Bart" LeBon is an American politician and retired banker who served as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 2019 to 2023. He defeated Democrat Kathryn Dodge in the 2018 Alaska elections by a margin of only one vote.
I. P. Durfee
Isaac P. Durfee (January 27, 1838 – May 6, 1916) was a Minnesota State Senator in the 38th district. Durfee was born in Rhode Island in January 1838 and received at least an elementary school education from Rhode Island Common Schools. He moved to Minnesota in 1872 and served as a county commissioner for Nobles County until October 12, 1875. He was a farmer in Worthington, Minnesota when he was elected to the Minnesota State Senate on November 2, 1875. George S. Thompson won the election; however, Durfee contested the election and was given the seat. He served Cottonwood, Jackson, Martin, Murray, Nobles, Pipestone, Rock, and Watonwan counties for 2 years.  He was preceded by Everett P. Freeman and succeeded by Pierce J. Kniss.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Satisfied (Aranda song)
"Satisfied" is a single from Stop the World, the second studio album from American rock band Aranda.  
Produced by Johnny K, the song was released on March 28, 2012 and reached #16 on the Mainstream Rock chart in October 2012.

Aranda (band)
Aranda is an American rock band from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The band is composed of Dameon and Gabe Aranda. Their latest album Recollections Of A Painted Year was released on July 29, 2022 through The Fuel Music.
Leiosporoceros
Leiosporoceros dussii is the only species in the hornwort genus Leiosporoceros. The species is placed in a separate family, order, and class for being "genetically and morphologically distinct from all other hornwort lineages." Cladistic analysis of genetic data supports a position at the base of the hornwort clade. Physical characteristics that distinguish the group include unusually small spores that are monolete and unornamented. Additionally, there are unique strands of Nostoc (cyanobacteria) that grow inside the plant parallel with its direction of growth. Unlike other hornworts with symbiotic cyanobacteria that enters through mucilage clefts, the mucilage clefts in Leiosporoceros are only present in young plants and close permanently once the cyanobacterial colonies have been established. Mycorrhiza and pyrenoids are absent. Male plants have been found in Panama.

Plant morphology
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants. Recent studies in molecular biology started to investigate the molecular processes involved in determining the conservation and diversification of plant morphologies. In these studies, transcriptome conservation patterns were found to mark crucial ontogenetic transitions during the plant life cycle which may result in evolutionary constraints limiting diversification.
Women in combat
Women in combat refers to female military personnel assigned to combat positions. The role of women in the military has varied across the world's major countries throughout history with several views for and against women in combat. Over time countries have generally become more accepting of women fulfilling combat roles.

Combat
Combat is a purposeful violent conflict between multiple combatants with the intent to harm the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is resorted to either as a method of self-defense or to impose one's will upon others. An instance of combat can be a standalone confrontation or part of a wider conflict, and its scale can range from a fight between individuals to a war between organized groups. Combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.

Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry Rules (covering boxing), and the individual rulesets of various combat sports.
Meikleour
Meikleour (/mɪˈklʊər/ mi-KLOOR) is a village in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies near the confluence of the Tay and the Isla in the valley of Strathmore, 12 miles (19 km) north of Perth and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Blairgowrie. It is in the parish of Caputh.

Meikleour is home to the Meikleour Beech Hedge, which was planted in 1746. The hedge is said to be the longest and tallest in the world and runs alongside the A93 road from Perth to Blairgowrie. The hedge is on the edge of the estate of Meikleour House, which itself is designated as an outstanding level of interest environment by Historic Environment Scotland.
A substantial Neolithic cursus called Cleaven Dyke is nearby. The Meikleour Arms, on an Old Military Road, is a Category B listed building dating to 1820.

Other features of the village include a 17th century mercat cross and a tron, complete with jougs for detaining offenders.

Mercat cross
A mercat cross is a structure used in Scottish settlements to denote a market square. It historically indicated that the settlement had been granted the right to hold a regular market or fair by the monarch, a bishop or a baron; the cross therefore served as a symbol of authority, and was an indication of a burgh's relative prosperity. Some burghs had more than one cross, often named for the produce sold at their base.

There are around 126 known examples of mercat crosses in Scotland, with many examples dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Scottish crosses are distinct from market crosses found elsewhere in the United Kingdom in form and iconography.
2000 1000 km of Nürburgring
The 2000 Bitburger / AvD 1000 km of Nürburgring was the fourth round of the 2000 American Le Mans Series season.  It took place at the Nürburgring, Germany, on July 9, 2000.

This was the second European round of the American Le Mans Series season.  It, along with the Silverstone 500, served as a precursor to the creation of the European Le Mans Series.  It gauged the willingness of European teams from the FIA Sportscar Championship and FIA GT Championship to participate in a series identical to the American Le Mans Series.

This was the first planned 1000 km event at the Nürburgring since 1988, although the World Sportscar Championship had run shorter events until 1991.

FIA GT Championship
The FIA GT Championship was a sports car racing series organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO) at the behest of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship was mostly concentrated in Europe, but throughout the years has visited other continents including Asia and South America. At the end of 2009, the championship was replaced by the FIA GT1 World Championship, which morphed into the FIA GT Series for 2013.
National Congress for Liberty
The National Congress for Liberty (French: Congrès national pour la liberté, CNL), sometimes translated as the National Congress for Freedom is a political party in Burundi. It was founded by Agathon Rwasa on 12 September 2018 and is now the main opposition to the CNDD-FDD. After the dissolution of the National Liberation Forces, Rwasa founded the CNL.

Agathon Rwasa
Agathon Rwasa (born 10 January 1964) is a Burundian politician and the former leader of the National Liberation Forces (Forces pour la Libération Nationale, FNL). He was a Hutu militia leader during the Burundi Civil War.

Rwasa was reported to be a born-again Christian.
1948–49 Kategoria e Dytë
The 1948–49 Kategoria e Dytë was to be the sixth season of the second tier of football in Albania. The league began on 3 October 1948 but it was annulled on 31 March 1949 meaning there was no winner. On 3 October 1948 the Albanian Football Association relaunched the top two tiers using a western format where the season was to run between fall and spring, but on 31 March 1949 the championships were annulled following Soviet pressure.

Albanian Football Federation
The Albanian Football Federation (Albanian: Federata Shqiptare e Futbollit; FSHF) is the governing body of football in Albania. Headquartered in Tirana, it organises the national football leagues of Kategoria Superiore, Kategoria e Parë, Kategoria e Dytë, Kategoria e Tretë, Albanian Cup, Supercup, Kategoria Superiore Femra and the Albanian Women's Cup. The federation also coordinates and oversees the activities of the Albania national football team, Albania women's national football team and the Albania national youth football teams such as Under-21, Under-20, Under-19, Under-18, Under-17, Under-16 and Under-15.
Cambridge station (Minnesota)
The Cambridge station of Cambridge, Minnesota was built in 1899 and served the Great Northern Railway and successor Burlington Northern until 1971. Passenger service ceased upon the formation of Amtrak, but resumed between Minneapolis and Superior in 1975. Cambridge was served by the Arrowhead and later the North Star between Chicago and Duluth. Service ceased after April 7, 1985. The station building still exists, but has been relocated from the tracks.

Burlington Northern Railroad
The Burlington Northern Railroad (reporting mark BN) was an American–based class 1 railroad company formed from a merger of four major U.S. railroads. Burlington Northern operated between March 2, 1970 and December 31, 1996.

Its historical lineage begins in the earliest days of railroading with the chartering in 1848 of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, a direct ancestor line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which lends Burlington, from Burlington, Iowa, to the names of various merger-produced successors.

Burlington Northern acquired the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 31, 1996, to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (later renamed BNSF Railway), which was owned by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. That corporation was purchased in 2009 by Berkshire Hathaway, which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett.
Ed Cunningham (executive)
Chet Edward "Ed" Cunningham is a former All-American football player, lawyer and CEO who ran for the Senate in Texas as a Democrat in 2002 and became active in government afterwards. He has served as a member of President Barack Obama's National Finance Committee, the Presidential Advisory Committee (Technology), the U.S. Foreign Affairs Budget Project Advisory Committee, the American Academy of Diplomacy (Co-Director of International Negotiations Program), and the Democratic National Committee National Advisory Board. He has served as CEO of Clear Channel Communications International, China; AEG, Asia; and the U.S. Renewable Energy Group.

American Academy of Diplomacy
The American Academy of Diplomacy is a private, nonprofit, non-partisan, elected organization whose active membership is limited to men and women who have held positions of high responsibility in crafting and implementing American foreign policy. They have served the United States as chiefs of mission in major embassies abroad, and/or equivalent high-level foreign policy positions in Washington.

In its early years, the Academy provided the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations with commentary on the qualifications of those nominated by the President as ambassadors, but today it only does so in exceptional circumstances, such as if the Board of Directors feels strongly about a nominee's lack of qualifications to be ambassador.

The academy is financially supported by its members, and by grants from foundations and corporate contributors.
Smells Like Bleach: A Punk Tribute to Nirvana
Smells Like Bleach: A Punk Tribute to Nirvana is a tribute album by various artists to the American grunge band Nirvana, released in 2001.

The album's title came from the amalgamation of Nirvana's signature song "Smells Like Teen Spirit" and their debut album Bleach. It contains twelve Nirvana songs from different releases, mainly Nirvana's second studio album, Nevermind (which contained seven of the 12 songs covered herein), and despite the title only a single song ("Negative Creep") comes from Bleach.

Amalgamation (names)
An amalgamated name is a name that is formed by combining several previously existing names. These may take the form of an acronym (where only one letter of each name is taken) or a blend (where a large part of each name is taken, such as the first syllable).

Amalgamated names are most commonly used for amalgamated businesses, characters and places. Newly arising partnerships may also choose to name themselves by amalgamating their names.