hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maibara, Shiga
Maibara (米原市, Maibara-shi) is a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 September 2021, the city had an estimated population of 38,259 in 14761 households and a population density of 150 persons per km². The total area of the city is 250.39 square kilometres (96.68 sq mi).

Kyōgoku clan
The Kyōgoku clan (京極氏, Kyōgoku-shi) were a Japanese daimyō and samurai clan which rose to prominence during the Sengoku and Edo periods. The clan descend from the Uda Genji through the Sasaki clan. The name derives from the Kyōgoku quarter of Kyoto during the Heian period.

The Kyōgoku acted as shugo (governors) of Ōmi, Hida, Izumo and Oki Provinces in the period before the Ōnin War.

A period of decline in clan fortunes was mitigated with the rise of the Tokugawa clan.  Members of the clan were daimyōs of territories on the islands of Kyūshū and Shikoku during the Edo period. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Kyōgoku were identified as tozama or outsiders, in contrast with the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa.

At the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate, the Kyōgoku had been enfeoffed at Marugame and Tadotsu in Sanuki, Toyooka  in Tajima, and Mineyama Domain in Tango Province. A branch of the Kyōgoku was ranked among the kōke.
Connecticut College Arboretum
The Connecticut College Arboretum is a 300 ha (750 acres) arboretum and botanical gardens, founded in 1931, and located on the campus of Connecticut College and in the towns of New London and Waterford, Connecticut, United States.

Kalmia latifolia
Kalmia latifolia, the mountain laurel, calico-bush, or spoonwood, is a flowering plant and one of the 10 species in the genus of Kalmia belonging to the heath(er) family Ericaceae. It is native to the eastern United States. Its range stretches from southern Maine to northern Florida, and west to Indiana and Louisiana. Mountain laurel is the state flower of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. It is the namesake of Laurel County in Kentucky, the city of Laurel, Mississippi, and the Laurel Highlands in southwestern Pennsylvania.
Charles Carter (of Ludlow)
Charles Carter  (October 15, 1732 – April 29, 1796) was a Virginia planter, patriot, and politician. He was sometimes nicknamed "Blaze" for his red face or reckless behavior, or "Nanzatico" or "Ludlow" for plantation houses he erected but was later forced to sell. He held several local offices in King George County and later in Stafford County, both of which he represented at various times in the Virginia House of Burgesses before the American Revolutionary War. This Charles Carter also represented Stafford County in four of Virginia's Revolutionary Conventions and operated saltpeter factories and the important Chiswell lead mines during the conflict, then won election to both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, although he may only have been seated (multiple times) as one of Stafford County's representatives in the Virginia House of Delegates before taking a sear on the Governor's Advisory Council shortly after his election to the Virginia senate.

House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (/ˈbɜːr.dʒə.sɪz/) was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly.

When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly.
Willie Williams (basketball)
Willie Earl Williams (born July 28, 1946) is a former National Basketball Association (NBA) player. Williams lettered two years in basketball at Florida State University after two years at Miami Dade Community College.  In the 1968–69 season, Williams averaged 7.8 points and 9.6 rebounds per game. The following season, Williams averaged 16.9 points and 11.0 rebounds per game.  He was drafted with the fourth pick in the third round of the 1970 NBA draft. After playing sixteen games with the Celtics in the 1970-71 NBA season, Williams was waived by the Celtics and then claimed off waivers by the Cincinnati Royals. In his one NBA season, Williams averaged 0.9 points and 0.9 rebounds per game.

Miami Dade College
Miami Dade College (MDC) is a public college located in Miami, Florida, United States. Established in 1960, MDC operates eight campuses and numerous outreach centers throughout Miami-Dade County. It is the largest institution in the Florida College System. MDC serves a significant number of minority students, particularly Hispanic students, enrolling more than any other institution in Florida.

On September 30, 2025, the state of Florida approved a plan for the Donald J. Trump Presidential Library to be built at the college.
COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary
The COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 4 March 2020, the first cases in Hungary were announced. The first coronavirus-related death was announced on 15 March on the government's official website.

On 18 March 2020, Surgeon general Cecília Müller announced that the virus had spread to every part of the country. As of June 2021, Hungary had the second-highest COVID-19 death rate in the world.

As of 19 March 2023, a total of 16,568,528 vaccine doses had been administered.

Gergely Gulyás
Gergely Gulyás (born 21 September 1981) is a Hungarian jurist, politician, the current Minister of the Prime Minister's Office since 2018. He is a member of the Fidesz party and has been a member of the National Assembly (MP) since 2010.
Frederick Charles Augustus, Count of Lippe
Count Frederick Charles Augustus of Lippe-Biesterfeld (20 January 1706 in Biesterfeld – 31 July 1781 in Friedrichsruh) was a Count of Lippe and Lord of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Sternberg, and Schwalenberg and a Knight of the Order of the Red Eagle.

He was the eldest son of Rudolf Ferdinand of Lippe-Sternberg-Schwalenberg (17 March 1671 – 12 July 1736) and Louise Juliane of Kunowitz (21 August 1671 – 21 October 1754) and the grandson of Count Jobst Herman of Lippe-Biesterfeld.

Extertal
Extertal (German pronunciation: [ˈɛkstɐˌtaːl] ⓘ, lit. 'Exter Valley') is a municipality in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with c. 11,500 inhabitants (2013).

Extertal is located on the northern edge of the circle in the Teutoburg Nature Reserve, directly adjacent to Lower Saxony. The Exter and Humme rivers flow through the region.  The municipality has its headquarters in the Bösingfeld district.  Neighbouring cities are Rinteln, Aerzen, Barntrup, Dörentrup and Kalletal.

The highest point of the city is at 371 metres above sea level.  The municipality dimensions are about 12.2 kilometres east–west and about 12.5 kilometres north–south.
Germanium compounds
Germanium compounds are chemical compounds formed by the element germanium (Ge). Germanium is insoluble in dilute acids and alkalis but dissolves slowly in hot concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and reacts violently with molten alkalis to produce germanates ([GeO3]2−). Germanium occurs mostly in the oxidation state +4 although many +2 compounds are known. Other oxidation states are rare: +3 is found in compounds such as Ge2Cl6, and +3 and +1 are found on the surface of oxides, or negative oxidation states in germanides, such as −4 in Mg2Ge. Germanium cluster anions (Zintl ions) such as Ge42−, Ge94−, Ge92−, [(Ge9)2]6− have been prepared by the extraction from alloys containing alkali metals and germanium in liquid ammonia in the presence of ethylenediamine or a cryptand. The oxidation states of the element in these ions are not integers—similar to the ozonides O3−.

Germanium tetrachloride
Germanium tetrachloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with a peculiar, acidic odour. It is used as an intermediate in the production of purified germanium metal. In recent years, GeCl4 usage has increased substantially due to its use as a reagent for fiber optic production.
Zerbst Castle
Zerbst Castle (German: Schloss Zerbst) in the town of Zerbst, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany was the residence of the Princes of Anhalt-Zerbst from the late 17th century until the line died out in 1793. It later served as a museum and archive. The building was severely damaged by bombs during the last weeks of World War II and largely demolished afterwards.

Currently a Verein is working to maintain and reconstruct the remaining eastern wing.

Anhalt-Zerbst
Anhalt-Zerbst was a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts Potsdam-Mittelmark (Brandenburg) and Wittenberg, the city of Dessau and the districts of Köthen, Schönebeck and Jerichower Land.
Tai Dam language
Tai Dam (simplified Chinese: 傣担语; traditional Chinese: 傣擔語; pinyin: Dǎidānyǔ), also known as Black Tai (Thai: ภาษาไทดำ; pronounced [pʰāː sǎː tʰāj dām]; Vietnamese: tiếng Thái Đen; 'Black Tai language'; simplified Chinese: 黑傣语; traditional Chinese: 黑傣語; pinyin: Hēidǎiyǔ), is a Tai language spoken by the Tai Dam in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and China (mostly in Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County).

The Tai Dam language is similar to Thai and Lao (including Isan), but it is not close enough to be readily understood by most Thai and Lao (Isan) speakers. In particular, the Khmer, Pali and Sanskrit additions to Thai and Lao (Isan) are largely missing from Tai Dam.

Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County
Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县; traditional Chinese: 金平苗族瑤族傣族自治縣; pinyin: Jīnpíng Miáozú Yáozú Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn, Hmong: Jinb Pingx Hmongb Jot Yid Zif Zhif Xenf) is located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lai Châu Province to the south and Lào Cai Province to the southeast. Jinping is home to the Red-headed Yao (红头瑶族) minority group who wear a pointed red hat on their heads after they get married.
Stratagraph
Stratagraph is an oil field service company headquartered in Lafayette, Louisiana. The primary focus of the business is providing mud logging, geosteering and well site geology services to petroleum exploration and production companies.

The company was started in 1961 by Billy Hagan. Over time, it grew into one of the largest mud logging companies in the world.

Due to Hagan's intense interest in automobile racing, Stratagraph has fielded several race teams of various types through the years, most notably in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series and in IMSA sports car events and endurance racing. Teams owned by Hagan, and at least partly sponsored by Stratagraph, have featured drivers Terry Labonte, Gene Felton, Cale Yarborough, Dick Brooks, Sterling Marlin and John Andretti.

In 1984, the Piedmont Airlines Chevrolet Monte Carlo, driven by Terry Labonte, won  the NASCAR Winston Cup.

1984 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1984 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 36th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 13th modern-era Cup series season. It began on Sunday, February 19 and ended on Sunday, November 18. Terry Labonte was crowned champion at the end of the season. This was the final year for Chrysler until Dodge returned in 2001.
Country Girl (1981 Billie Jo Spears album)
Country Girl is a studio album by American country artist Billie Jo Spears. It was released in 1981 via Warwick Records and contained 22 songs. The majority of the album's material were new recordings, along with three previously released songs. Most of the tracks were covers of previously cut material. It was later certified gold in the United Kingdom, where it was primarily sold. It would reach the top 20 of the UK Albums Chart.

Blanket on the Ground
"Blanket on the Ground" is a song written by Roger Bowling and recorded by American country music singer Billie Jo Spears.  It was released in February 1975 as the second single and title track from the album Blanket on the Ground. Irish born singer Philomena Begley covered the song as the lead single from her 1975 LP of the same name. The single was released on August 4, 1975, in Ireland and August 6, 1975, in the United Kingdom reaching number 1 and number 4 in Ireland and the UK respectively.
Seneca Creek (North Fork South Branch Potomac River tributary)
Seneca Creek is a 19.6-mile-long (31.5 km) tributary of the North Fork of the South Branch of the Potomac River located entirely within Pendleton County, West Virginia, USA.

Seneca Creek lies within the Appalachian Mountains, in the Spruce Knob–Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area of the Monongahela National Forest. It is formed by two spring-fed streams, Slab Camp Run and Trussel Run, on the western flanks of Spruce Mountain to the north of Spruce Knob. It empties into the North Fork of the South Branch at the community of Seneca Rocks near the base of the Seneca Rocks sandstone cliff formation.

Pendleton County, West Virginia
Pendleton County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,143, making it the second-least populous county in West Virginia. Its county seat is Franklin. The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1788 from parts of Augusta, Hardy, and Rockingham counties and was named for Edmund Pendleton (1721–1803), a distinguished Virginia statesman and jurist.

Spruce Knob, located in Pendleton County, is the highest point in the state and in the Alleghenies, its elevation being 4,863 feet. Parts of the Monongahela and George Washington National Forests are also located in Pendleton County.
Mount Sanford (Alaska)
Mount Sanford is a shield volcano in the Wrangell Volcanic Field, in eastern Alaska near the Copper River. It is the sixth highest mountain in the United States and the third highest volcano behind Mount Bona and Mount Blackburn.  The south face of the volcano, at the head of the Sanford Glacier, rises 8,000 feet (2,400 m) in 1 mile (1,600 m) resulting in one of the steepest gradients in North America.

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
Alexander Hope (British Army officer)
General Sir Alexander Hope GCB (2 December 1769 – 19 May 1837) was a British Army officer and the last Governor of the Royal Military College while it was at Great Marlow and the first Governor after its move to Sandhurst.

Royal Military College, Sandhurst
The Royal Military College (RMC) was a British military academy for training infantry and cavalry officers of the British and Indian Armies. It was founded in 1801 at Great Marlow and High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, but moved in October 1812 to Sandhurst, Berkshire.

The RMC was reorganised at the outbreak of the Second World War, but some of its units remained operational at Sandhurst and Aldershot. In 1947, the Royal Military College was merged with the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, to form the present-day all-purpose Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
Schnider
Schnider is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Schnider (born 1959), Austrian theologian, academic teacher, author, publisher, consultant and politician of the (ÖVP)

Anton Schnider, Swiss international footballer

Daniel Schnider,  Swiss former professional road cyclist

Jan Schnider (born 1983), Swiss beach volleyball player

Marina Schnider, Swiss sport shooter

Pascale Schnider (born 1984), Swiss cyclist

Gert Schnider, Austrian board game player

Ueli Schnider,  Swiss cross-country skier

Gert Schnider
Gert Schnider (born 1979) is an Austrian professional multi-talented board-game player. In chess he is an International Master, in Go a 5th Dan, in shogi an amateur 5th Dan in Japan and 3rd Dan in Europe, and in Abalone a grandmaster.

He is the MSO world champion of Abalone in 1999 and 2000 and the MSO world champion of Decamentathlon in 2000.

In 2000, he held the First International Austrian Shogi Championship. Champion of the 2nd International Shogi Forum in 2002.

He is living in Graz as an officially approved chess teacher "staatlich geprüfter Schachtrainer (A-Trainer)".
Marching Mizzou
Marching Mizzou, M2, or The Big 'M' of the Midwest is the performing marching band for the University of Missouri, founded in 1885 as a college military band. Originally consisting of only 12 members, it is now the largest ensemble on the MU campus, drawing students from nearly every major. Marching Mizzou performs at all home football games of the Missouri Tigers football team, in addition to other university events; and expanded Mini Mizzou travels to two away games per season, while the entire band regularly follows the team to conference championship games and bowl games. Marching Mizzou's signature drill "Flip Tigers" has been a well-known tradition of its pre-game show since 1960. It is instructed by University of Missouri School of Music faculty.

Missouri Tigers football
The Missouri Tigers football program represents the University of Missouri (often referred to as Mizzou) in college football, the Tigers are members in Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Joseph Magee
Joseph Thomas Magee (25 March 1870 – 18 May 1924) was an Irish rugby union wing. Magee played club rugby for Bective Rangers and played international rugby for Ireland. He is often mistaken as being a member of the British Isles team that toured South Africa in 1896, a position actually taken by his brother James Magee.

1896 British Lions tour to South Africa
1896 British Isles tour to South Africa was a rugby union tour undertaken by the British Isles, one of the first British and Irish Lions tours. The team toured South Africa for the second time in 1896. Between 11 July and 5 September, they played 21 games, including four tests against South Africa. The British Isles XV won the Test series 3–1 and completed the 17-game provincial program unbeaten, scoring 204 points and conceding just 45 in all matches.
Chamelaucium ciliatum
Chamaelaucium ciliatum is a member of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia.

The erect or spreading shrub typically grows to a height of 0.15 to 1.2 metres (0 to 4 ft). It blooms between January and December  producing white flowers.

Found in the southern Wheatbelt, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in many soil types.

Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation. It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields–Esperance region.  It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region.  Altogether, it has an area of 154,862 square kilometres (59,793 sq mi) (including islands).

The region has 42 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.
Backer
Backer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agathe Backer-Grøndahl (1847–1907), Norwegian pianist and composer

Augustin de Backer (1809–1873), Roman Catholic bibliographer

Brad Backer (born 1956), Australian rugby league footballer

Brian Backer (born 1956), American actor

Cornelis Andries Backer (1874–1963), Dutch botanist

Deborah Backer (1959–2014), Guyanese politician

Harriet Backer (1845–1932), Norwegian painter

Jacob Adriaensz Backer (1609–1651), Dutch painter

Lars Backer (1892–1930), Norwegian architect

Marijn Backer (born 1956), Dutch author

Par Backer (born 1982), Swedish ice hockey player

P. A. Backer (1940–1993), Malayalam film director

Cornelis Andries Backer
Cornelis Andries Backer (1874–1963) was a Dutch botanist and pteridologist. He was born on 18 September 1874 in Oudenbosch and died on 22 February 1963 at Heemstede, The Netherlands. He stayed thirty years in the Dutch East Indies and did research on plant taxonomy on the islands of Java and Madura.
Q-gamma function
In q-analog theory, the -gamma function, or basic gamma function, is a generalization of the ordinary gamma function closely related to the double gamma function. It was introduced by Jackson (1905). It is given by

when , and

if . Here  is the infinite -Pochhammer symbol. The -gamma function satisfies the functional equation

In addition, the -gamma function satisfies the q-analog of the Bohr–Mollerup theorem, which was found by Richard Askey (Askey (1978)).

For non-negative integers ,

where  is the -factorial function. Thus the -gamma function can be considered as an extension of the -factorial function to the real numbers.

The relation to the ordinary gamma function is made explicit in the limit

There is a simple proof of this limit by Gosper. See the appendix of (Andrews (1986)).

Richard Askey
Richard Allen Askey (June 4, 1933 – October 9, 2019) was an American mathematician, known for his expertise in the area of special functions. The Askey–Wilson polynomials (introduced by him in 1984 together with James A. Wilson) are on the top level of the (-)Askey scheme, which organizes orthogonal polynomials of (-)hypergeometric type into a hierarchy. The Askey–Gasper inequality for Jacobi polynomials is essential in de Brange's famous proof of the Bieberbach conjecture.
Diocese of Port Victoria
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Port Victoria (or Seychelles) (French: Diocèse de Port-Victoria) is the only Latin Catholic diocese in the Seychelles. It is exempt, i.e. directly dependent on the Holy See, and remains missionary, governed by the Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathédrale de l’Immaculée Conception (dedicated to the Immaculate Conception) in Victoria, the capital city of the country.

Victoria, Seychelles
Victoria is the capital and largest city of Seychelles, situated on the north-eastern side of Mahé, the archipelago's main island. The city was first established as the seat of the British colonial government. In 2022, the Central region, comprising nine administrative districts within and around the capital, accounted for 30,145 (~30%) of the country's total population of 102,612.
The port is known as Port Victoria.