hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Izydor Modelski
Izydor Modelski (May 10, 1889, in L'viv – September 25, 1962, in Washington, D.C.) was a Polish spy and a lieutenant general of the Polish Army. Modelski also completed a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Lviv in 1917. In 1946, he was sent to the United States to establish a spy ring. Defying an order to return to Poland in 1948, he testified about his actions to the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1949.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Nicholas Love
Nicholas Love (1608–1682) was an English lawyer and one of the Regicides of King Charles I of England.

Love was educated at Winchester College and Wadham College, Oxford; M.A., 1636; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1636. His father, also Nicholas Love (d. 10 Sept 1630) was the warden of Winchester college from 1613.

He was elected M.P. for Winchester in 1645. Love was one of the judges at the trial of Charles I, but did not sign the death warrant. He retained his seat as M.P. for Winchester, in the Rump Parliament of 1659. At the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 he escaped to Switzerland. He died at Vevey in 1682.

Regicide
Regicide is the purposeful killing of a monarch and is often associated with a violent change in the regime, as in a revolution. A regicide can also be the person responsible for the killing. The word comes from the Latin roots of regis and cida (cidium), meaning "of monarch" and "killer" respectively.
In the British tradition, it refers to the judicial execution of a king after a trial, reflecting the historical precedent of the trial and execution of Charles I of England. The concept of regicide has also been explored in media and the arts through pieces like Macbeth (Macbeth's killing of King Duncan).

Scholars have found that regicide is particularly common in political systems with unclear succession rules.
Aedes phoeniciae
Aedes phoeniciae is a species of mosquito in the genus Aedes. It is found in coastal rock pools in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea.

As a vector for disease, A. phoeniciae may be responsible for avian malaria, being a carrier of Plasmodium relictum. It is also known to bite humans.

Plasmodium relictum
Plasmodium relictum is a species in the genus Plasmodium, subgenus Haemamoeba.

It is a parasite, and the most common cause of malaria in birds.

Like all Plasmodium species, P. relictum has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
Anita Gaće
Anita Gaće (born 14 April 1983) is a Croatian handballer playing for Yenimahalle Bld. SK and the Croatian national team.

After winning many Croatian championship and Croatian cup trophies in the past years, Gaće started the 2011–2012 in superb form. Beside excellent performances on various preparation tournaments, she was selected to the dream team as best right wing of tournament in Metković, where Podravka played against Slovenian champions RK Krim, Montenegrin champions ŽRK Budućnost, Serbian champions RK Zaječar and Macedonian champions ŽRK Metalurg.

Yenimahalle Bld. SK (women's handball)
Yenimahalle Belediyesi SK (Turkish: Yenimahalle Belediyesi Spor Kulübü) is the women's handball team of the same named club sponsored by the Municipality of Yenimahalle in Ankara, Turkey. The team play in the Turkish Super League. Their colors are blue and white. Club chairman is Mesut Bolatcan. The team is managed by Serdar Eler.
Johnathan Gray
Johnathan Gray (born April 22, 1993) is an American former football running back. He played for the Frisco Fighters of the Indoor Football League (IFL) in 2021. He played college football for the University of Texas at Austin. He attended Aledo High School in Aledo, Texas. Gray earned a 2011 USA Today High School All-American nomination, and was also named Gatorade National Player of the Year. After becoming the first junior to win ESPN HS's Mr. Football USA, he became the first two-time winner of the award following the 2011 high school football season.

Gray chose the University of Texas over Arkansas, Auburn, TCU, and Texas A&M.

ESPN HS
ESPN HS was a high school sports magazine published monthly during the school year in 25 markets around the United States. Founded as SchoolSports magazine in 1997, the publication changed its name to RISE in 2006 and was purchased by ESPN in January 2008. In 2011, the magazine's title was changed to ESPN HS.

The magazine ceased publication in September 2012 after ESPN decided to close its high school sports unit.
María Ángela Nieto
María Ángela Nieto Toledano (Madrid, March 1, 1960) is a Spanish scientist, doctor in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. She is recognized for her groundbreaking work in the fields of developmental biology and cellular biology.

She works at the Institute for Neurosciences CSIC-UMH, a joint center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH).

Generalitat Valenciana
The Generalitat Valenciana is the generic name covering the different self-government institutions under which the Spanish autonomous community of Valencia is politically organized.

It consists of seven institutions including the Corts Valencianes (or autonomous Parliament), the President of the Generalitat, or the autonomous government itself (or Consell). Its functions are regulated by the Valencian Statute of Autonomy. Despite being also present in various cities of the Valencian Community, the main locations of the autonomous Parliament, presidency of the Generalitat and the Consell are all in the city of Valencia. There is also an office in Brussels appointed by the Generalitat Valenciana lobbying before the European Union.
110th Cavalry Division (Soviet Union)
The 110th Cavalry Division (Russian: 110-я кавалерийская дивизия) was a horsed cavalry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II. It was formed in January 1942 as the 110th Separate Cavalry Division and reformed as the 110th Cavalry Division on 30 September 1942. Formed as a Kalmyk national division, its personnel were drawn from the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

The division arrived on the frontlines on 14 May 1942, covering the retreat of Soviet troops across river Don during the 1942 German strategic summer offensive (Case Blue). After suffering heavy casualties, it broke down into separate units while continuing to fight in the Battle of the Caucasus. It was disbanded on 27 January 1943, after the Soviet Union began to dissolve national divisions. Unsubstantiated rumors surrounding its alleged misconduct during the war contributed to the decision to deport Kalmyks to Siberia.

Battle of the Caucasus
The Battle of the Caucasus was a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus as part of the Eastern Front of World War II. On 25 July 1942, German troops captured Rostov-on-Don, opening the Caucasus region of the southern Soviet Union to the Germans and threatening the oil fields beyond at Maykop, Grozny, and ultimately Baku. Two days prior, Adolf Hitler had issued a directive to launch an operation into the Caucasus named Operation Edelweiß. German units would reach their high water mark in the Caucasus in early November 1942, getting as far as the town of Alagir and city of Ordzhonikidze, some 610 km from their starting positions. Axis forces were compelled to withdraw from the area later that winter as Operation Little Saturn threatened to cut them off.
Aletoceras
Aletoceras is a genus of Oncocerida nautiloids from the middle Devonian of North America included in the family Brevicoceratidae.

The shell is a depressed brevicone, that is to say short. Sutures are generally straight, the siphuncle ventral, empty. The peristome (aperture rim) has a broad hyponomic sinus -for the hydrojet funnel, ventrolateral projections, dorsolateral sinuses - possibly for the eyes, and probably a mid dorsal sinus.

In general form, Aletoceras resembles Brevicoceras and Eleusoceras, both also from the middle Devonian of North America.

The orientation of Aletoceras and others like it may have been vertical with the aperture facing down .

Brevicoceras
Brevicoceras is an extinct   nautiloid genus from the order Oncocerida with wide distribution in the Middle Devonian in Eastern North America, Russia and Morocco. Nautiloids form a broad group of shelled cephalopods that were once diverse and numerous but are now represented by only a handful of species in two genera.
Hinkey Haines
Henry Luther "Hinkey" Haines (December 23, 1898 – January 9, 1979) was an American professional athlete who played football in the National Football League (NFL) and baseball in Major League Baseball (MLB). Haines was a star of the New York Giants football team in his time and has the distinction of being the only athlete to have played on national championship teams in both baseball and football. He won the 1923 World Series with the New York Yankees and the 1927 NFL Championship with the New York Giants.

1923 World Series
The 1923 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1923 season. The 20th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion New York Yankees against the National League champion New York Giants. The Yankees beat the Giants in six games. This would be the first of the Yankees' 27 World Series championships (as of 2026). The series was not played in a 2–3–2 format: as with the previous two Series (where both clubs had shared the Polo Grounds) the home field alternated each game, though this time it involved switching ballparks, as the first Yankee Stadium had opened this season.
Cameraria temblorensis
Cameraria temblorensis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from California, United States.

The length of the forewings is 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in).

The larvae feed on Quercus douglasii, Quercus dumosa, Quercus dumosa × engelmanii, Quercus engelmannii, Quercus turbinella and Quercus × alvordiana. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine is ovoid. The epidermis is opaque, yellow green. Mines normally cross the midrib and consume 30%-95% of the leaf surface. The mines are solitary and normally have two folds, although occasionally there are three. The folds are parallel or at slight angles.

Quercus turbinella
Quercus turbinella is a North American species of oak known by the common names shrub oak, turbinella oak, shrub live oak, and gray oak. It is native to Arizona,  California, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Nevada in the western United States. It also occurs in northern Mexico.
Claudio Palma
Claudio Rodrigo Palma Barrueto (born 1 June 1969) is a Chilean play-by-play commentator.

He has related the most important Chilean football matches for various television and radio networks, including Canal del Fútbol (CDF; 2003–2014/2018–present), Canal 13 (2011–2018), Fox Sports Chile (2014-2018), ADN Radio Chile (2008–2010/2020) and Chilevisión (2018–present). In 2010, he worked as play-by-play commentator for DirecTV Sports during the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa alongside former footballer Sebastián Rozental, who accompanied him as color commentator.

Palma is considered one of the best play-by-play commentators in Chilean sports history and he has the particularity of being known thanks to Pro Evolution Soccer 6 patches: piracy's version which simulated Primera División de Chile footballers and matches instead of other European leagues.

Sebastián Rozental
Sebastián Rozental Igualt (Hebrew: סבסטיאן רוזנטל; born 1 September 1976) is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or striker. At club level, Rozental played for Universidad Católica (1992–1996 and 2005), Colo-Colo (2001), and Unión Española (2003–04) in his native Chile, Rangers (1997–2000) in Scotland, where he became the first player from South America to play for the club, Independiente (2001) in Argentina, Grasshoppers (2003–04) in Switzerland, and Puerto Rico Islanders in the USL First Division (2005).
Four Mile Creek, Tasmania
Four Mile Creek is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Break O'Day in the North-east LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 38 kilometres (24 mi) south of the town of St Helens. The 2016 census recorded a population of 96 for the state suburb of Four Mile Creek.

Break O'Day Council
Break O'Day Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated in the northern part of the state's east coast. Break O'Day is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 6,770, the major towns of the region include St Helens, St Marys and Scamander.
Discovery of Love
Discovery of Love (Korean: 연애의 발견; RR: Yeonaeui balgyeon) is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Jung Yu-mi, Eric Mun, and Sung Joon. It aired on KBS2 from August 18 to October 7, 2014, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

KBS2
KBS 2TV (Korean: KBS 제2텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel launched on 1 December 1980 and owned by Korean Broadcasting System. In contrast to KBS1, the channel specializes primarily in entertainment.
2014 Western Cape provincial election
A provincial election was held in the Western Cape on 7 May 2014 to elect a new provincial parliament. It was the fifth provincial election held since the end of the apartheid era, and also the first held since the death of Nelson Mandela. Although not constitutionally required, the election was held simultaneously with elections to the National Assembly. The legislature is unicameral, and consists of 42 members elected by a system of party-list proportional representation.

The Western Cape calls its legislature the "Provincial Parliament" and the members "Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs)". The other provinces use the terms "Provincial Legislature" and "Members of the Provincial Legislature".

The Premier of the Western Cape is chosen by the Provincial Parliament. The incumbent Premier Helen Zille was re-elected.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Three Sisters and Elephant Rock
The Three Sisters and Elephant Rock are seastacks at the mouth of the Tongapōrutu River in Tongapōrutu, North Taranaki, New Zealand. They are accessible by foot from a carpark at low tide.

Erosion is slowly claiming the 25-metre (82 ft) formations. At the beginning of the 21st century there were four "sisters", but only two remain as of 2024. In 2016, Elephant Rock also lost the "trunk" which gave it its resemblance to the animal of the same name, leaving a single natural arch. Losses to the main landmass in the area have occasionally produced extra "sisters", such as one that appeared in 2013.

Taranaki
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki.

The main centre is the city of New Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is one of three in the region and is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. The Stratford District includes the main centres of Stratford, Midhirst, Toko and Whangamōmona. The South Taranaki District includes Hāwera, Manaia, Eltham, and Ōpunake.

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".
Valgelon-La Rochette
Valgelon-La Rochette (French pronunciation: [valʒəlɔ̃ la ʁɔʃɛt]) is a commune in the southeastern French department of Savoie. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of La Rochette (the seat) and Étable.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
Radó's theorem (harmonic functions)
See also Rado's theorem (Ramsey theory)

In mathematics, Radó's theorem is a result about harmonic functions, named after Tibor Radó. Informally, it says that any "nice looking" shape without holes can be smoothly deformed into a disk.

Suppose Ω is an open, connected and convex subset of the Euclidean space R2 with smooth boundary ∂Ω and suppose that D is the unit disk. Then, given any homeomorphism
μ : ∂D → ∂Ω, there exists a unique harmonic function u : D → Ω such that u = μ on ∂D and u is a diffeomorphism.

Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism of differentiable manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another such that both the function and its inverse are continuously differentiable.
BJA Education
BJA Education, formerly known as Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain and BJA CEPD Reviews is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal. Originally published by Oxford University Press, it is now published by Elsevier since 2018. It is a joint undertaking of the British Journal of Anaesthesia and the Royal College of Anaesthetists in collaboration with the Faculty of Pain Medicine, the College of Anaesthesiologists of Ireland, the Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiologists and the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine. It publishes materials to support the continuing medical education and professional development of specialists in anaesthesia, critical care medicine, and pain management. The structured articles are commissioned and cover core knowledge, current controversies, and future trends, as well as suggestions for further reading, key points, and multiple choice questions.

Multiple choice
Multiple choice, multiple choice question, or objective response is a form of an objective assessment in which respondents are asked to select only the correct answer from the choices offered as a list. The multiple choice format is most frequently used in educational testing, in market research, and in elections, when a person chooses between multiple candidates, parties, or policies.

Although E. L. Thorndike developed an early scientific approach to testing students, it was his assistant Benjamin D. Wood who developed the multiple-choice test. Multiple-choice testing increased in popularity in the mid-20th century when scanners and data-processing machines were developed to check the result. Christopher P. Sole created the first multiple-choice examinations for computers on a Sharp Mz 80 computer in 1982.
Listed buildings in Preston upon the Weald Moors
Preston upon the Weald Moors is a civil parish in the district of Telford and Wrekin, Shropshire, England.  It contains six listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Preston upon the Weald Moors and the surrounding countryside.  Five of the listed buildings are in the village, and consist of a group of almshouses and its associated lodges, two farmhouses and a church, and to the southeast of the village is a timber framed house.

Preston upon the Weald Moors
Preston upon the Weald Moors is a village and civil parish in the borough of Telford and Wrekin in Shropshire, England.  According to the 2021 census. the village had a population of 204. It is one of a number of villages that exist on the Weald Moors of Shropshire.

The name Preston upon the Weald Moors (24 letters) is said to be the longest name of any village in England and is thought to have derived from the words priest and tun (meaning, enclosure, farmstead or homestead) indicating that the village may well have ecclesiastical origins.
Rat River (Red River of the North tributary)
The Rat River (French: Rivière aux Rats) is a tributary of the Red River of the North in southern Manitoba, Canada.  It is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay (via Red River, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River).

The river flows between the Roseau River and Seine River on the eastern side of the Red River. It flows east to west through the rural municipalities of Piney, La Broquerie, Stuartburn, Hanover, De Salaberry, Emerson - Franklin, and Ritchot, as well as the village of St-Pierre-Jolys.  It joins the Red River approximately three kilometres northeast of Ste. Agathe, Manitoba.  The river is dammed near the community of St. Malo, creating a reservoir known as St. Malo Lake. The northern part of this lake and surrounding land comprise St. Malo Provincial Park, which was designated as a park in 1961.

Rural Municipality of La Broquerie
La Broquerie (French: Municipalité rurale de La Broquerie) is a rural municipality in the province of southern Manitoba, located just southeast of the city of Steinbach.

The municipality includes the local urban district of La Broquerie to the north, and the unincorporated communities of Marchand to the east and Zhoda to the south form the urban centres of the municipality. Besides these areas, the municipality mainly consists of agricultural production and rural residential developments in the northern half to hog production facilities and vastly undeveloped areas in the south.