hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guardians of the Dawn
The Guardians of the Dawn (Arabic: حراس الفجر, romanized: Ḥurrās al-Fajr) are a coalition of Christian pro-government militias which were involved in the Syrian Civil War and affiliated with the Air Force Intelligence Directorate. Although the Guardians of the Dawn, whose official motto is "A homeland that we do not protect is one we do not deserve to live in", promote themselves as a Syrian nationalist force, their fighters are primarily motivated by a concept of holy war to defend the Christian areas of Syria from hostile rebels. The militiamen of Usud al-Cherubim, one of the coalition's constituent groups, even refer to themselves as "mujahideen of the cross".

Qalamoun Mountains
The Qalamoun Mountains (Arabic: جبال القلمون, romanized: Jabāl al-Qalamūn) are the northeastern portion of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, and they are northeast of the Syrian capital Damascus. They run from Barada River Valley in the southwest to the city of Hisyah in the northeast.
Park Jeong-koo
Park Jeong-koo (Korean: 박정구; August 10, 1937 – July 13, 2002) was a South Korean businessman who served as the second chairman of the Kumho Asiana Group from 1996 until his death in 2002.

Park was born in Gwangju as the second son of Park In-cheon, the founder of the Kumho Group. He graduated from Gwangju Jeil High School and earned a bachelor's degree in law from Chonnam National University.

Park joined Kumho Asiana Group in 1960 and succeeded his older brother as Chairman in 1996.

He died July 13, 2002 from lung cancer after initial diagnosis on February 2001.

Kumho Asiana Group
Kumho Asiana Group is a former large South Korean Chaebol (conglomerate), with subsidiaries in the construction, electronics, IT, leisure, logistics, manufacturing, tourism and transportation sectors. The group is headquartered at the Kumho Asiana Main Tower in Sinmunno 1-ga, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. As of 2014, the largest shareholder is Park Sam-koo, the third son of the company's founder, who stepped down as CEO in 2010.
1368 Lithuanian raid on Mazovia
1368 Lithuanian raid on Mazovia was an attack of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the duchies of Warsaw, Czersk, and Rawa, that were the fielfdoms of the Kingdom of Poland, that took place in 1369. It was led by Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. During the attack, following the short-lasting siege, Lithuanian forces had captured Pułtusk and castle within it, that was owned by the Płock bishop. The invaders burned down the city, after what they had retreated to Lithuania, before Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia, could organize the counterattack.

Kęstutis
Kęstutis (c. 1297 – 3 or 15 August 1382) was sole Duke of Trakai from 1342 to 1382 and Grand Duke of Lithuania, believed to rule together with his brother Algirdas (until 1377), and with his nephew Jogaila (from 1377 to 1381).

The name "Kęstutis" is a derivative from the old form of the name Kęstas, which is a shortened version of such Lithuanian names as Kęstaras, Kęstautas (there kęs-ti means to cope). Historic writing sources reflect different Lithuanian pronunciation.
1978 Bossier City tornado outbreak
The 1978 Bossier City tornado outbreak was an outbreak of 11 tornadoes that occurred during the early morning hours of December 3, 1978, in Louisiana and Arkansas. The outbreak produced several significant (F2–F5) tornadoes, several of which were long tracked. The first and most destructive of the tornadoes was a violent F4 tornado touched down on the eastern bank of the Red River in Bossier City, Louisiana, at approximately 1:50 a.m. CST. The tornado produced a path up to .5 miles (0.8 km) wide and nearly 4 miles (6.4 km) long through the heart of Bossier City. The only two deaths to occur in Bossier City were two young girls who were killed when a car was thrown through their bedroom wall. The Bossier City tornado became the fifth tornado in American history to produce at least $100 million (non-adjusted) in damage.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
Windsor International Airport
Windsor International Airport (IATA: YQG, ICAO: CYQG) is located in the southeast portion of the city of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The airport serves a mixture of scheduled airline flights and general aviation, and is a popular point of entry into Canada for private and business aircraft. The airspace above the airport is exceptionally busy because of the proximity to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) arrivals and departures are handled by Detroit approach control.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle aircraft up to 325 passengers, and can handle up to 450 if the aircraft is unloaded in stages.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
Landa (surname)
Landa is a surname of multiple origins. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Landa (1933–2013), Spanish actor

Antonio Landa (born 1979), Mexican footballer

Benny Landa (born 1946) Israeli entrepreneur and inventor

Diego de Landa (1524 – 1579), fourth bishop of Yucatán

Daniel Landa (born 1968), Czech musician

Eli Landa (born 1984), Norwegian model

Honorino Landa (1942–1987), Chilean footballer

Konstantin Landa (1972–2022), Russian chess grandmaster

Lucas Landa (born 1986), Argentine footballer

Manuel de Landa (born 1952), Mexican-American writer

Miguel Ángel Landa (born 1938), Venezuelan actor, stand-up comedian, and television personality

Mikel Landa (born 1989), Spanish racing cyclist

Polina Landa (1931–2022), Russian physicist

Rebecca Landa (born 1955), American speech-language pathologist

Fictional characters:

Hans Landa, character in the film Inglourious Basterds

Konstantin Landa
Konstantin Landa (Russian: Константин Ланда; 22 May 1972 – October 2022) was a Russian chess grandmaster. He competed in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 and FIDE World Cup 2007. In 2011 he was awarded the title of FIDE Senior Trainer.

Landa's best tournament results include: shared first place with Zahar Efimenko at Fürth 2002, first at Trieste 2005, first at Reggio Emilia 2005/2006, first at HZ Tournament 2011. In the European Club Cup, Landa played for gold medal-winning team Ladya Azov in 1997.

Landa died in October 2022, at the age of 50.
Palmyra, Edwards County, Illinois
Palmyra (1814–1821) was a town in the English Settlement, 2 miles (3.2 km) north of the town of Mount Carmel, Illinois, in what is today Wabash County. First settled in 1814, Palmyra was originally the site of a ferry across the Wabash River. Soon after the town was founded, a road was built between the settlement and the county line of Gallatin County, Illinois. It was named the first county seat of Edwards County, and meetings were held at the home of a resident. The peak population of the settlement was claimed to be between 500 and 600, though it is likely that these numbers are exaggerated. Epidemics of malaria and yellow fever killed a large portion of the settlement. By 1821, it was clear that the county seat had to be moved to a more stable town. On April 10, the Illinois General Assembly named Albion, Illinois, the new seat.

Gallatin County, Illinois
Gallatin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,946, making it the third-least populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Shawneetown. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as Little Egypt. Located at the mouth of the Wabash River, Gallatin County, along with neighboring Posey County, Indiana, and Union County, Kentucky form the tri-point of the Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area.
Liberty Lunch
30°15′57″N 97°44′57″W﻿ / ﻿30.26580°N 97.74904°W﻿ / 30.26580; -97.74904
Liberty Lunch was a live-music venue at 405 W. 2nd Street in Austin, Texas that operated until 1999. It was rumored to have been called Liberty Lunch in the 1940s as an eatery, perhaps reflecting the World War II Liberty Bonds and patriotic sentiment. Liberty Lunch has become notable in the history of Austin music, along with the Armadillo World Headquarters.

Liberty bond
A liberty bond or liberty loan was a war bond that was sold in the United States to support the Allied cause in World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of patriotic duty in the United States and introduced the idea of financial securities to many citizens for the first time.
Music of the Bahamas
The music of the Bahamas is associated primarily with Junkanoo, a celebration which occurs on Boxing Day and again on New Year's Day. Parades and other celebrations mark the ceremony.  Groups like The Baha Men, Ronnie Butler, Kirkland Bodie and Twindem have gained massive popularity in Japan, the United States and other places. Other popular Bahamian artists include Stileet and Stevie S.

Soca music
Soca music, or the "soul of calypso", is a genre of music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1970s. It is considered an offshoot of calypso, with influences from Afro-Trinidadian and Indo-Trinidadian rhythms. It was created by Ras Shorty I (or Lord Shorty) in an effort to revive traditional calypso, the popularity of which had been declining amongst younger generations in Trinidad due to the rise in popularity of reggae from Jamaica and soul and funk from the United States. From the 1980s onward, soca has developed into a range of new styles.
Bilsington
Bilsington is a village and civil parish in the Ashford district of Kent, England. The village is about 5 miles (8 km) south of Ashford, on the B2067 road, Hamstreet to Hythe road north of the Royal Military Canal.

About of a quarter of the parish is wooded, along most of the northern slopes leading up to the escarpment of the High Weald. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 284.

Borough of Ashford
The Borough of Ashford is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, Ashford, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Tenterden and an extensive surrounding rural area including numerous villages; with an area of 580 square kilometres (220 sq mi), it is the largest district in Kent. Parts of the borough lie within the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald and the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts are (clockwise from west) Tunbridge Wells, Maidstone, Swale, Canterbury, Folkestone and Hythe, and Rother. The latter is in East Sussex, the rest are in Kent.
Nikyup
Nikyup is a village in Northern Bulgaria, in Veliko Tarnovo Province (Oblast Veliko Tarnovo), 194 km east of Sofia, Bulgaria's capital. The closest airport is in Gorna Oryahovitsa, 15 kilometers southeast.

Veliko Tarnovo Province
Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgarian: Област Велико Търново, romanized: Oblast Veliko Tǎrnovo) is a province in the middle of the northern part of Bulgaria. Its capital city, Veliko Tarnovo, is of historical significance as it was the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire. The province is divided into ten municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 275,395.

Other towns in the province include Gorna Oryahovitsa, which is within 10 km (6.2 mi) of Veliko Tarnovo, Svishtov, set on the Danube River and famous for its Tsenov Academy of Economics, and Suhindol, the hometown of Lovico — an internationally recognised label for fine wines and spirits. Another notable place is the village of Arbanasi, set between Veliko Tarnovo and Gorna Oryahovitsa. The combination of old style and modern architecture, as well as its churches and monasteries, present the spirit of Bulgaria. Real estate is among the most expensive in the country.
Trimaster
Trimaster was a Japanese scale model manufacturer based in Fujieda City, active from 1987 to 1991.

The company specialized exclusively in Luftwaffe aircraft in 1:48 scale, primarily rare variants and prototypes. Trimaster’s kits were among the most detailed and complex of their time, featuring white metal castings, metal tubes, wires, vinyl tires, and photo-etched parts. Their prices were also extremely high for the time (US$55), which contributed to the company’s closure.

Hong Kong–based Dragon acquired Trimaster’s molds and reissued the kits in a simpler, more affordable format, replacing most metal components with plastic. The lettering for Dragon’s "Master Series" resembles the original Trimaster logo font.

In March 2020, Dragon announced its Trimaster Collection. This series, reissued in the original box design, commemorates Trimaster’s significance and its historical contributions.

Scale model
A scale model is a physical model that is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles. Models built to the same scale as the prototype are called mockups.

Scale models are used as tools in engineering design and testing, promotion and sales, filmmaking special effects, military strategy, and hobbies such as rail transport modeling, wargaming and racing; and as toys. Model building is also pursued as a hobby for the sake of artisanship.

Scale models are constructed of plastic, wood, or metal. They are usually painted with enamel, lacquer, or acrylics.
Model prototypes include all types of vehicles (railroad trains, cars, trucks, military vehicles, aircraft, and spacecraft), buildings, people, and science fiction themes (spaceships and robots).
Léon Bekaert
Léon Antoine Bekaert (Zwevegem, 9 December 1891 - Zwevegem, 19 December 1961) was a Belgian industrialist and politician. He was the son of Leo Leander Bekaert, who founded the family business in 1880.

He expanded the family venture Tréfileries Léon Bekaert (1935), at Zwevegem (production of steel wire) into Bekaert, a global company. He was President of the League of Christian Employers (1934–1961) and President of the Belgian league of the metallurgical industry (Fabrimetal) from 1946 up to 1952, after which he accepted the chairmanship of the Federation of Belgian Enterprises. From 1926 until his death, he was burgomaster of Zwevegem and of 1938 up to beginning 1961 he was regent of the National Bank of Belgium. In 1958, he was one of the co-founders of the permanent international secretariat of the UNIAPAC in Brussels, together with Peter H. Werhahn and Giuseppe Mosca, who became its president.

Federation of Belgian Enterprises
The Federation of Enterprises in Belgium (Dutch: Verbond van Belgische Ondernemingen, VBO, French: Fédération des Entreprises de Belgique, FEB) is the only Belgian non-profit organization representing companies in all three regions of Belgium. Its members, the different Belgian sectorial employers' organizations, represent companies in key industrial and service sectors. All in all, it represents more than 30,000 businesses, of which 25,000 are small or medium-sized enterprises. Since May 2012, Pieter Timmermans is CEO of the Federation of Belgian Enterprises, and since March 2017, Bernard Gilliot of Tractebel is the President.

The VBO/FEB aims to help create jobs for the future and ensure that these jobs complement each other, especially in the service, industrial and construction sectors. In terms of jobs, the VBO/FEB represents approximately 1.5 million workers in the private sector.
Hurley Tarver
Hurley Tarver (born November 30, 1975) is an American former professional football defensive back. He played college football at the University of Central Oklahoma and attended Western Hills High School in Benbrook, Texas. He was a member of the San Francisco 49ers, Cleveland Browns, Scottish Claymores, Dallas Cowboys, Las Vegas Outlaws, Green Bay Packers, Tampa Bay Storm, Chicago Rush, Toronto Argonauts and Las Vegas Gladiators.

University of Central Oklahoma
The University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) is a public university in Edmond, Oklahoma, United States. It is Oklahoma's third-largest university, with almost 13,000 students and about 430 full-time and 400 adjunct faculty. Founded in 1890, UCO was one of the first institutions of higher learning to be established in what became the state of Oklahoma, making it one of the oldest universities in the southwest U.S. It is home to the American branch of the British Academy of Contemporary Music in downtown Oklahoma City.
Arthur Nineham
George Arthur Nineham (23 July 1873 – 8 May 1950) was an English amateur footballer who played as a forward for  Southampton St. Mary's in the 1890s. He was one of the few locally born players to make the transition from mainly friendly matches to Southern League football.

Freemantle F.C.
Freemantle Football Club was a football club based in the Freemantle area of Southampton. They were active for 21 years and were one of the early leading pioneers of football in Hampshire. During their brief heyday, at the end of the nineteenth century, they were arch rivals to Southampton F.C.
South Prairie Lake
South Prairie is a seasonal lake located within Gifford Pinchot National Forest in Washington, United States. For most of the year, South Prairie is a dry meadow, but every spring, it becomes an 85-acre lake.  Specific mechanisms that cause the seasonal inundation of the meadow are not clearly understood. It is possible that ice accumulation in the adjacent Big Lava Bed prevents drainage until weather warms sufficiently to melt the ice.

A small grove of quaking aspen exists at the edge of the coniferous forested area that is annually inundated. Large-diameter black cottonwoods are
found within the meadow itself; these cottonwoods stand in the middle of the lake when the meadow is flooded.

South Prairie is home to the largest known population of pale blue-eyed grass, Sisyrinchium sarmentosum, a rare species of iris that was first discovered here in 1893. South Prairie is the type locality, and hosts the largest and most genetically variable known population of the species.

Populus tremuloides
Populus tremuloides is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America, one of several species referred to by the common name aspen. It is commonly called quaking aspen, trembling aspen, American aspen, mountain or golden aspen, trembling poplar, white poplar, and popple, as well as others. The trees have tall trunks, up to 25 metres (82 feet) tall, with smooth pale bark, scarred with black. The glossy green leaves, dull beneath, become golden to yellow, rarely red, in autumn. The species often propagates through its roots to form large clonal groves originating from a shared root system. These roots are not rhizomes, as new growth develops from adventitious buds on the parent root system (the ortet).

Populus tremuloides is the most widely distributed tree in North America, being found from Canada to central Mexico. It is the defining species of the aspen parkland biome in the Prairie Provinces of Canada and extreme northwest Minnesota.
Pylypchuk
Pylypchuk is a Ukrainian patronymic surname from the masculine given name Pylyp (Ukrainian: Пилип) (cognate to Philip). It is spelled Pilipchuk, if transliterated from Russian. Notable people with the surname include:

Jon Pylypchuk (born in 1972), Canadian sculptor and painter

Roman Pylypchuk (born in 1967), Ukrainian football player and coach

Serhiy Pylypchuk (born in 1984), Ukrainian football player

Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya né Pilipchuk,  Belarusian opposition leader

Volodymyr Pylypchuk (1948–2025), Ukrainian politician

Volodymyr Pylypchuk
Volodymyr Mefodiyоvych Pylypchuk (Ukrainian: Володимир Мефодійович Пилипчук; 18 June 1948 – 22 January 2025) was a Ukrainian economist and politician. The parliamentarian of The Verkhovna Rada. Companion of the second-and third-class Order "For Merit". Member of the National Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine, professor.
Aida McAnn Flemming
Aida Maud Boyer McAnn Flemming, CM (7 March 1896 – 25 January 1994) was a Canadian teacher, writer and animal welfare advocate. She founded the Kindness Club, a humane education organization for children between the ages of 5 and 13. She was the wife of Hugh John Flemming, who was Premier of New Brunswick from 8 October 1952 to 11 July 1960.

Humane education
Humane education is broadly defined as education that nurtures compassion and respect for living beings In addition to focusing on the humane treatment of non-human animals, humane education also increasingly contains content related to the environment, the compassionate treatment of other people, and the interconnectedness of issues pertaining to people and the planet. Humane education encourages cognitive, affective, and behavioral growth through personal development of critical thinking, problem solving, perspective-taking, and empathy as it relates to people, animals, the planet, and the intersections among them. Education taught through the lens of  humane pedagogy supports more than knowledge acquisition, it allows learners to process personal values and choose prosocial behaviors aligned with those values.
Funny Farm (novel)
Funny Farm is a comic novel written by Jay Cronley. It was published in 1985 by Atheneum Books.

In 1988, it was adapted into a film of the same name, starring Chevy Chase. It was Cronley's first novel to be adapted for an American film.

Comic novel
A comic novel is a novel-length work of humorous fiction. Many well-known authors have written comic novels, including P. G. Wodehouse, Henry Fielding, Mark Twain, and John Kennedy Toole. Comic novels are often defined by the author's literary choice to make the thrust of the work—in its narration or plot—funny or satirical in orientation, regardless of the putative seriousness of the topics addressed.
Ana Cecilia Carrillo
Ana Cecilia Carrillo (born 5 November 1955) is a Peruvian former volleyball player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. She was a member of the Peruvian team that won second place in the 1982 FIVB World Championship in Peru.

Carrillo won silver medals with the Peruvian team in the 1975 and 1979 Pan American Games.

1982 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 1982 FIVB Women's World Championship was the ninth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 12 to 25 September 1982 at six venues in six different cities in Peru. The finals were held at the Coliseo Amauta in Lima, Peru.