hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.

Information sensitivity
Information sensitivity is the control of access to information or knowledge that might result in loss of an advantage or level of security if disclosed to others. Loss, misuse, modification, or unauthorized access to sensitive information can adversely affect the privacy or welfare of an individual, trade secrets of a business or even the security and international relations of a nation depending on the level of sensitivity and nature of the information.
Interim government of Pedro Carmona
The Government of Pedro Carmona was the de facto government installed after the overthrow of Hugo Chávez in 2002.

The Act of Constitution of the Government of Democratic Transition and National Unity was promulgated, which dissolved the national public powers and concentrated all power in Carmona.

Carmona's government was recognized by Colombia, El Salvador, Spain and the United States. It was not recognized by Argentina and Cuba.

Pedro Carmona
Pedro Francisco Carmona Estanga (born 6 July 1941) is a Venezuelan politician, economist, and businessman. He was president of the business federation Fedecámaras and served as de facto President of Venezuela for 47 hours following the 2002 coup attempt.
Esperite
Esperite is a rare complex calcium lead zinc silicate (PbCa3Zn4(SiO4)4) related to beryllonite and trimerite that used to be called calcium larsenite. It was named in honor of Esper F. Larsen Jr. (1879–1961), petrologist of Harvard University.

Esperite has a white, greasy appearance in daylight and is much prized for its brilliant yellow green fluorescence under shortwave ultraviolet light. It is found in association with calcite, franklinite, willemite, hardystonite and clinohedrite. It has also been found as prismatic crystals up to 1 mm in length at the El Dragon Mine, Potosi, Bolivia in association with allophane, chalcomenite, clinochalcomenite and barite.

Baryte
Baryte or barite (/ˈbæraɪt, ˈbɛər-/ BARR-eyet, BAIR-), also called barytes (/bəˈraɪtiːz/ bə-RY-teez), is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO4.
Ayn al-Arab District
Ayn al-Arab District (Arabic: منطقة عين العرب, romanized: manṭiqat ‘Ayn al-‘Arab) or Kobani District (Kurdish: Navçeya Kobanî) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Kobani.

The district fills the northeastern section of the governorate, and its northern boundary is along the Syria–Turkey border.

At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 192,513.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Leonard Savill
Christianity portal

Leonard Savill (1869–1959) was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the mid 20th century.

Savill was educated at Charterhouse; Jesus College, Cambridge; and Ripon College, Cuddesdon. He was ordained as  deacon in 1892; and priest in 1894. He was a curate at St Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield from 1902 until 1916. He was the incumbent at Swanley and Dartford from 1916 to 1925; and Rural Dean of Dartford from 1919 to 1925, before his appointment as Tonbridge. He retired in 1939, and died on 21 October, 1959. Savill was buried at Turners Hill, West Sussex.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
Caseyville, Kentucky
Caseyville is an unincorporated community in Union County, Kentucky, United States. Caseyville is located on the Ohio River and Kentucky Route 1508, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Sturgis.

During the Civil War, many of Caseyville's residents were Confederate sympathizers, and Confederate troops used the community as a base during skirmishes in October 1862. After the Confederates seized a Union steamboat, Union troops at Battery Rock entered into a standoff with the troops at Caseyville. The Confederates eventually left the town, and the Union Army entered the city; after temporarily arresting every male resident of the town and charging a fee for damages to the steamer, the army mandated that the town bar Confederate troops from entering.

Sturgis, Kentucky
Sturgis is a home rule-class city in Union County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Sturgis had a population of 1,735. Located in northwest Kentucky, the city was founded in 1890 and named for Samuel Sturgis, who owned the land now occupied by the city.
Kore mochi
Kore mochi (Koregashi, 高麗餅,これもち) is a traditional Japanese confection made from sweetened rice flour and red bean paste, commonly prepared and consumed in the Kyushu region, particularly in Kagoshima Prefecture.

Rice flour
Rice flour (also rice powder) is a form of flour made from finely milled rice. It is distinct from rice starch, which is usually produced by steeping rice in lye. Rice flour is a common substitute for wheat flour. It is also used as a thickening agent in recipes that are refrigerated or frozen since it inhibits liquid separation.

Rice flour may be made from either white rice, brown rice or glutinous rice. To make the flour, the husk of rice or paddy is removed and raw rice is obtained, which is then ground to flour.
Sulisławice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Sulisławice [suliswaˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Łoniów, 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 69 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Penkigney Bay
Penkigney Bay (Russian: Пенкегней, Penkegney; Chukot: Пэнкэнэй, Pènkènèj) is a bay of the Bering Sea on the eastern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russian Federation. Administratively the bay is part of the Providensky District of Chukotka.

Chukchi Peninsula
The Chukchi Peninsula (also Chukotka Peninsula or Chukotski Peninsula; Russian: Чуко́тский полуо́стров, Chukotskiy poluostrov, short form Russian: Чуко́тка, Chukotka), at about 66° N 172° W, is the easternmost peninsula of Asia.
Éamonn O'Donoghue (hurler)
Éamonn O'Donoghue (born 5 February 1951 in Blackrock, Cork, Ireland) is an Irish former sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Blackrock and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1974 until 1983.

1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 92nd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 30 April 1978 and ended on 3 September 1978.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions.

On 3 September 1978, Cork won the championship following a 1–15 to 2–8 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their 24th All-Ireland title, their third championship in succession.

Kilkenny's Liam "Chunky" O'Brien was the championship's top scorer with 1–23. Cork's John Horgan was the choice for Hurler of the Year.
John Devine (footballer, born 1935)
John Hunter Devine (1 December 1935 – 6 December 2020), also known as Hunter Devine, was a Scottish amateur footballer who played as an inside forward for Queen's Park between 1953 and 1961. Devine represented Great Britain at the 1960 Summer Olympics and also played in non-League football.

Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The football tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics was held from 26 August to 10 September in 1960 throughout Italy. The tournament featured 16 men's national teams from four continental confederations. Starting with this edition, the competition's format was changed: rather than a knockout tournament like in the previous Olympic Games, the 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament, in a similar format to that instituted in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, which persists to the present day. At the end of the group stage, the first-ranked teams of each group advanced to the semi-finals, and culminating with the gold medal match in Rome on 10 September 1960.
R v Kouri
R v Kouri [2005] 3 S.C.R. 789 , 2005 SCC 81, was a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada that, along with its sister case R v Labaye, established that harm is the sole defining element of indecency in Canadian criminal law. The case involved a club in which couples engaged in group sex; the club was alleged to be a "common bawdy-house" (a house in which indecency or prostitution occurs).  The trial court convicted Kouri, but the Quebec Court of Appeal set aside the conviction and entered and acquittal.  The Supreme Court upheld the acquittal.

Inappropriateness
Inappropriateness refers to standards or ethics that are typically viewed as being negative in a society, often treated as objective by moralists. It differs from things that are illicit in that inappropriate behavior does not necessarily have any accompanying legal ramifications.
Allison Halverson
Allison Halverson (née Reaser, Armenian: Ալիսոն Հալվերսոն; born 9 September 1992) is an Armenian-American heptathlete and decathlete. She was the 2014 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships heptathlon runner-up for the San Diego State Aztecs track and field team, and she was the inaugural world decathlon champion in 2024.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Norwich Terrier
The Norwich Terrier is a breed of dog originating in England, and was bred to hunt small rodents. One of the smallest terriers, these dogs are relatively rare. Their drop-eared variety is the Norfolk Terrier.

American Kennel Club
The American Kennel Club (AKC) is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit registry of purebred dog pedigrees in the United States. In addition to maintaining its pedigree registry, this kennel club also promotes and sanctions events for purebred dogs, including the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, an annual event which predates the official forming of the AKC, the National Dog Show and the AKC National Championship. The AKC is a non-member partner with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. The AKC fully recognizes 202 dog breeds, as of 2025.
The Best Science Fiction of the Year 4
The Best Science Fiction of the Year #4 is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Terry Carr, the fourth volume in a series of sixteen. It was first published in paperback by Ballantine Books in July 1975, and reissued in October 1976. The first British edition was published in hardcover by Gollancz in September 1975.

The book collects ten novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with an introduction, notes and concluding essays by Carr and Charles N. Brown. The stories were previously published in 1974 in the magazines Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, and Worlds of If, and the anthologies Final Stage: The Ultimate Science Fiction Anthology, New Worlds 7, Fellowship of the Stars, Wandering Stars: An Anthology of Jewish Fantasy and Science Fiction, and Universe 4.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
Garuda 1
Garuda 1 was an Indonesian communications satellite which is operated by ACeS. It was constructed by Lockheed Martin and is based on the A2100AXX satellite bus. It has two very large antennas, each measuring 12 meter in diameter. Launch occurred on 12 February 2000, at 09:10:54 GMT. The launch was contracted by ILS, and used a Proton-K/DM3 carrier rocket flying from Site 81/23 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Proton-K
The Proton-K, also designated Proton 8K82K after its GRAU index or SL-12 after its model number, was a Russian, previously Soviet, carrier rocket derived from the earlier Proton. It was built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81/23, 81/24, 200/39 and 200/40 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

The maiden flight on 10 March 1967 carried a Soyuz 7K-L1 as part of the Zond program. During the so-called Moon Race these Proton/Soyuz/Zond flights consisted of several uncrewed test flights of Soyuz spacecraft to highly elliptical or circumlunar orbits with the unrealized aim of landing Soviet cosmonauts on the Moon.

It was retired from service in favour of the modernised Proton-M, making its 310th and final launch on 30 March 2012.
St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council elections
St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council elections are held every four years. St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council, which styles itself St Helens Borough Council, is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of St Helens in Merseyside, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2022, 48 councillors have been elected from 18 wards. Prior to the 2022 boundary changes, elections were held three years out of every four, with a third of the council being elected each time.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
2020–21 Israel State Cup
The 2020–21 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 82nd season of Israel's nationwide Association football cup competition and the 66th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The competition started in November 2020.

The cup winners qualified to the 2021–22 UEFA Europa Conference League second qualifying round.

Due to the second COVID-19 lockdown, the two lowest leagues in Israel were postponed. Therefore, it was decided that all teams from the fourth and fifth tiers would withdraw from the competition.

Liga Gimel
Liga Gimel (Hebrew: ליגה ג', lit. League C) is, since 2009, the fifth and bottom division of Israeli Football League. From Liga Alef and downwards, including Liga Gimel, each league is separated by region.
Vladislav Leontyev
Vladislav Vladimirovich Leontyev (born July 5, 1971 in Gorky) is a Russian gangster linked to drug trafficking, embezzlement, fraud, extortion and car theft. In 2012 the Obama administration of the United States imposed sanctions on Leontyev as a central figure in a transnational crime gang called Brothers' Circle, along with six other men linked to various syndicates tied into the Circle, and Japanese yakuza leaders Kenichi Shinoda and Kiyoshi Takayama.

Embezzlement
Embezzlement (from Anglo-Norman, from Old French besillier ("to torment, etc."), of unknown origin) is a type of financial crime, usually involving theft of money from a business or employer. It often involves a trusted individual taking advantage of their position to steal funds or assets, most commonly over a period of time.
Jennifer Walker Elrod
Jennifer Walker Elrod (born Jennifer Leigh Walker; September 6, 1966) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as the chief United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. She previously served as a state court judge on the 190th District Court of Texas from 2002 to 2007.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (in case citations, 5th Cir.) is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:

Eastern District of Louisiana

Middle District of Louisiana

Western District of Louisiana

Northern District of Mississippi

Southern District of Mississippi

Eastern District of Texas

Northern District of Texas

Southern District of Texas

Western District of Texas

The Fifth Circuit has 17 active judgeships, and is headquartered at the John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building in New Orleans, Louisiana, with the clerk's office located at the F. Edward Hebert Federal Building in New Orleans.

Originally, the Fifth Circuit also included the federal district courts in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. In 1981, the district courts for those states were transferred to the newly created U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Jacques Herbrand
Jacques Herbrand (12 February 1908 – 27 July 1931) was a French mathematician. Although he died at age 23, he was already considered one of "the greatest mathematicians of the younger generation" by his professors Helmut Hasse and Richard Courant.

He worked in mathematical logic and class field theory. He introduced recursive functions. Herbrand's theorem refers to either of two completely different theorems. One is a result from his doctoral thesis in proof theory, and the other one half of the Herbrand–Ribet theorem on the class group of cyclotomic number fields. The Herbrand quotient is a type of Euler characteristic, used in homological algebra. He contributed to Hilbert's program in the foundations of mathematics by providing a constructive consistency proof for a weak system of arithmetic. The proof uses the above-mentioned, proof-theoretic Herbrand's theorem.

Cyclotomic field
In algebraic number theory, a cyclotomic field is a number field obtained by adjoining a complex root of unity to , the field of rational numbers.

Cyclotomic fields played a crucial role in the development of modern algebra and number theory because of their relation with Fermat's Last Theorem. It was in the process of his deep investigations of the arithmetic of these fields (for prime )—and more precisely, because of the failure of unique factorization in their rings of integers—that Ernst Kummer first introduced the concept of an ideal number and proved his celebrated congruences.
War Crimes Unit
The Metropolitan Police War Crimes Unit was a specialist unit of the Metropolitan Police Service investigating cases relating to the War Crimes Act 1991. It was formed on 28 May 1991 and - with no more leads on any such cases remaining after the trial of Anthony Sawoniuk - it was disbanded in summer 1999 and its work transferred to the Organised Crime Group, part of the Specialist Operations (SO) Department. As of 2015 such work was carried out by Counter Terrorism Command, also part of Specialist Operations.

Anthony Sawoniuk
Anthony Sawoniuk (born Andrei Sawoniuk; Belarusian: Андрэй Саванюк, romanized: Andrej Savaniuk; 7 March 1921 – 6 November 2005) was a Belarusian Nazi collaborator from the town of Damachava in Brest Region.

After taking part in the murder of the Jewish community in his home town, Sawoniuk served in the SS until November 1944 when he defected to the Polish II Corps in the British Eighth Army. After the war, he settled in Britain, became a British citizen, and became the first (and currently the only) person to be convicted under the UK's War Crimes Act 1991, when he was found guilty in 1999 of war crimes for the murder of 18 Jews. Sawoniuk received a life sentence, and died in prison six years later.
CSCL Long Beach
CSCL Long Beach was built by Samsung Heavy Industries of Korea and was delivered to Seaspan Ship Management on July 5, 2007, approximately eight weeks ahead of its contractual delivery date. The CSCL Long Beach is chartered to China Shipping Container Lines.

COSCO Shipping Development
COSCO Shipping Development Co., Ltd., stylized as COSCO SHIPPING Development is a financial services company based in Shanghai, China. It was known as China Shipping Container Lines (CSCL) and was among the world's largest container liner companies. It exited the container shipping business and was renamed to COSCO SHIPPING Development because of the COSCO-China Shipping merger in 2016. As CSCL, the company was ranked 1503rd in 2012 edition of Forbes Global 2000.