hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tigerna
A tiarna (Irish), tighearna  from the Old Irish tigerna, is a lord in the Gaelic world and languages. An Ard Tiarna is a "high lord", approximately equal in rank to a count or earl, although many of such higher rank still happen to prefer the title on its own.

Tierney is an anglicised version of the Irish surname  Mac Tighearnáin or O'Tighearnaigh, derived from the word.

In later Gaelic sources, for example the Annals of the Four Masters, the term has also been frequently used to replace the title Rí (king) in cases where the authors or current tradition no longer regarded earlier regional and local dynasts as proper kings, even when they are styled such in contemporary sources. Thus when encountered the term is not always to be trusted. In fact this was part of a wider change in the understanding of kingship in the later Middle Ages, and even a living or recently deceased rí might find himself downgraded in certain sources.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
Balitung
Balitung was a Javanese king of Mataram. Balitung was his birth name, though like other Javanese kings of this period, he was commonly referred to by his appanage title Rakai Watukura (Lord of Watukura).: 127  He reigned from 10 May 898 to c. 911–912.: 25  His territories included a wide range of areas in Central Java and East Java.

Over 40 inscriptions were issued during Balitung's reign, making this period one of the best documented in early Javanese history. Only around half of these inscriptions were issued under the king's direct authority; others were produced by his ministers, or even by local communities. Among his best-known inscriptions the Mantyasih inscription (907) and the Wanua Tengah III inscription (908), both of which contain lists of Mataram kings.

Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (/ˈæpənɪdʒ/; French: apanage [apanaʒ] ⓘ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe.

The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms.
154 Bertha
154 Bertha is a main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by the French brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry on 4 November 1875, but the credit for the discovery was given to Prosper. It is probably named after Berthe Martin-Flammarion, sister of the astronomer Camille Flammarion.

Observations performed at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado in during 2007 produced a light curve with a period of 22.30 ± 0.03 hours and a brightness range of 0.10 ± 0.02 in magnitude. A 1998 measurement gave a value of 27.6 hours, which doesn't fit the PDO data. In 2011, observations from the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico were used to determine a rotation period of 25.224 ± 0.002 hours with a brightness variability of 0.10 ± 0.01 magnitude, ruling out previous studies.

This is classified as a C-type asteroid and it has an estimated diameter of about 187 km.

Paul Henry and Prosper Henry
Paul-Pierre Henry (21 August 1848 – 4 January 1905) and his brother Prosper-Mathieu Henry (10 December 1849 – 25 July 1903) were French opticians and astronomers.

They made refracting telescopes and instruments for observatories, and were involved in the origin of the Carte du Ciel project.

Between the two of them, they discovered a total of 14 asteroids.  The Minor Planet Center credits their discoveries under "P. P. Henry" and "P. M. Henry", respectively. The lunar crater Henry Frères (Henry brothers) and the Martian crater Henry are named after them. They were jointly awarded the first Valz Prize in 1877 for their sky charts designed to facilitate the search for minor planets.
Microcosmos (Drudkh album)
Microcosmos is the seventh album by Ukrainian black metal band Drudkh, released on June 22 (July 14 in US), 2009. It was released as CD digipak (unlimited) and as box set (limited to 500 copies) by Season of Mist under the Underground Activists imprint.

The band continues using lyrics from Ukrainian poets, for example material by Ivan Franko on "Distant Cries of Cranes", Oleh Olzhych on "Decadence", or Bohdan Rubchak on "Ars Poetica".

The last track ("Widow's Grief") is taken from the soundtrack of the Ukrainian movie Atentat (1995), like the intro on the previous album Estrangement ("Solitary Endless Path"). The film is about the life and assassination of Stepan Bandera, leader of Ukrainian Insurgent Army, a Ukrainian partisan nationalist group during and after World War II.

The album was praised by critics: it was ranked 11 in Terrorizer Top 40 Albums of 2009 and 3 in Top 30 Metal Albums of 2009 by Haunting the Chapel, the Stereogum heavy music section.

Partisan (military)
A partisan (or partizan) is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

The term can apply to the field element of resistance movements. The most common use in present parlance in several languages refers to occupation resistance fighters during World War II, especially under the Yugoslav partisan leader Josip Broz Tito.
Robert M. Bowman
Robert M. Bowman (September 19, 1934 – August 22, 2013) was a former director of advanced space programs development for the U.S. Air Force in the Ford and Carter administrations, and a former United States Air Force lieutenant colonel with 101 combat missions. He received a Ph.D. in aeronautics and nuclear engineering from the California Institute of Technology.

Bowman, the father of theologian Robert M. Bowman, Jr., was the founding archbishop of the United Catholic Church, an "independent Catholic fellowship" created in 1996 and held to be connected through apostolic succession to the Old Catholic Churches. Bowman retired as archbishop in June 2006. He was consecrated as bishop on 18 April 1996 by Bishop William Dennis Donovan (1943–1997), assisted by Bishops Orlando Hyppolitus Lima y Aguirre (1934–2009) and Grant W. Cover (born 1965). Additionally, he was executive director of Christian Support Ministries. Bowman was a prominent figure in the 9/11 Truth movement.

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Humza Arshad
Humza Mohammed Arshad MBE (Punjabi: حمزه محمد ارشد; born 3 June 1985) is an English actor, comedian and writer of Pakistani descent. He produces the web series Diary of a Bad Man (2010–2013) and Badman (2015–present). His homemade YouTube videos have been viewed more than 100 million times, which makes him one of the most popular online comedians in the UK.

BBC Asian Network
BBC Asian Network is a British digital radio station owned and operated by the BBC. The station's target audience is people "with an interest in British Asian lifestyles", especially those between the ages of 18 and 34. The station has production centres at The Mailbox in Birmingham and formerly the Broadcasting House in London.

The station broadcasts mainly in English, but has retained Sunday evening shows in South Asian languages. Despite the name, Asian Network covers only the Indian subcontinent, with the rest of the continent – such as Japan and China – not covered by the station.

The station's output consists largely of music and talk programmes. On Fridays at 3:00 pm, the station broadcasts The Official Asian Music Chart, compiled by the Official Charts Company and based on sales and streams across a seven-day period.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 542,000 with a listening share of 0.2% as of March 2024.
Maritz, LLC
Maritz is a sales and marketing services company that designs and operates employee recognition and reward programs, sales channel incentive programs, (including incentive travel rewards) and customer loyalty programs. It also plans corporate & association trade shows, meetings and events, and offers a customer experience technology platform.

Subsidiaries and segments include Maritz Motivation, Maritz Global Events, Maritz Automotive, Quality Reward Travel, and Impact Dimensions.

Incentive
Incentives are anything that persuade a person or organization to alter their behavior to produce a desired outcome. Incentives are widely studied in personnel economics, where researchers and human resource managers examine how firms use pay, career opportunities, performance evaluation, and other mechanisms to motivate employees and improve organizational outcomes. Higher incentives are often associated with greater levels of effort and higher levels of performance. In comparison, disincentives discourage certain actions.

Incentives encourage specific behaviors or actions by persons and organizations, and are commonly employed by governments, businesses, and other organizations. Incentives may generally divided into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic. Incentives, however, can also produce unintended outcomes, relating to the overjustification effect, principal–agent problem, moral hazard, free-riding, or adverse selection.
Linton Park
Linton Park, formerly Linton Place or Linton Hall, is a large 18th-century country house in Linton, Kent, England. Built by Robert Mann in 1730 to replace a much earlier building called 'Capell's Court', the estate passed through the ownership of several members of Mann's family before coming into the Cornwallis family. The house was enlarged to its current size in 1825.

The house sits in a prominent location, part way down a south-facing slope which provides excellent views of the grounds and the Weald beyond. Gardens close to the house contain formal walks laid out in 1825 with specimen trees planted then and later.

The house is a Grade I listed building and the garden and park is listed Grade II*. Other buildings and structures in the park are also listed.

From 1985, Linton Park was the corporate headquarters of Camellia Group, an international agricultural company.

Weald
The Weald (/ˈwiːld/) is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It crosses the counties of Hampshire, Surrey, West Sussex, East Sussex, and Kent. It has three parts, the sandstone "High Weald" in the centre, the clay "Low Weald" periphery and the Greensand Ridge, which stretches around the north and west of the Weald and includes its highest points. The Weald once was covered with forest and its name, Old English in origin, signifies "woodland". The term is still used, as scattered farms and villages sometimes refer to the Weald in their names.
Stéphanie Moisdon
Stéphanie Moisdon (born 1967) is a French curator and art critic. She was co-curator of the exhibition Présumés Innocents in Bordeaux, 2000; Manifesta 4 in Frankfurt, 2001; and Before the End at Consortium, Dijon, 2004. She is co-founders with Nicolas Trembley of the BDV (Bureau des vidéos) and the chief editor of Frog magazine.

Moisdon is the Head of the Masters Programme in Fine Art at the École cantonale d'art de Lausanne (ECAL) in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Doaks Crossroads, Tennessee
Doaks Crossroads is an unincorporated community in Wilson County, Tennessee, United States. Doaks Crossroads is located at the junction of Tennessee State Route 265 and Tennessee State Route 266 7.3 miles (11.7 km) south-southeast of Lebanon. The Spring Creek Presbyterian Church, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Doaks Crossroads. Doaks Crossroads is also home to the "40 acre hackerspace" blog, http://www.chickenroadlabs.com/ Archived December 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine and the Wilson County Radio League http://www.wilsonradioleague.wordpress.com/ Archived December 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

Lebanon, Tennessee
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən) is a city in and the county seat of Wilson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 38,431 at the 2020 census and has an estimated population of 51,501 as of 2024. Lebanon is located in Middle Tennessee, approximately 25 miles (40 km) east of downtown Nashville. Lebanon is part of the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Stal Sanok
Ekoball Stal Sanok is a Polish football club based in Sanok. They currently play in the IV liga Subcarpathia, the fifth tier of the national football league system.

They reached the quarter-finals of the 2008–09 Polish Cup, and notable cup exploits include giant-killing Legia Warsaw. The club spent majority of time at third and fourth levels of Polish football pyramid, only once winning the promotion to the second division. Stal Sanok is one of the most well-known and supported clubs in the region. Their main rivals are Karpaty Krosno. The best goalscorer in history of Stal Sanok and one of the most legendary players was Jerzy Pietrzkiewicz.

There used to be an ice-hockey section, but the section became an independent club STS Sanok.

The club rebranded in 2016 due to financial problems to Ekoball Stal Sanok.

2008–09 Polish Cup
The 2008–09 Polish Cup  was the fifty-fifth season of the annual Polish cup competition. It began on July 30, 2008 with the extra preliminary round and ended on May 19, 2009 with the Final, played at Stadion Śląski, Chorzów. The winners qualified for the third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. Legia Warszawa were the defending champions.
Denise Batcheff
Denise Tual (née Piazza; 15 May 1906 – 23 November 2000), known as Denise Batcheff, was a French film editor and sound technician in the early 1930s.

She worked on nine films:

Black and White (1931)

Amour à l'américaine (1931) also known as American Love (USA)

La Chienne (1931) (sound editor), directed by Jean Renoir

Fantômas (1932), directed by Paul Fejos'

La Dame chez Maxim's (1933)

Lac aux dames (1934) also known as Lake of Ladies (USA)

L'Hôtel du libre échange (1934)

Zouzou (1934) (as D. Batcheff)

Les Beaux jours (1935)

She was married to Pierre Batcheff (1901–1932), a French actor whose most famous film was Un chien andalou (1929) by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí.

Black and White (1931 film)
Black and White (French: Le blanc et le noir) is a 1931 French comedy film directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey and starring Raimu, André Alerme and Louis Baron fils. Described as a "feeble racist comedy" it was the feature screen debut to the comedian Fernandel. It is an adaptation of the 1922 play of the same title by Sacha Guitry, who wrote the screenplay.

It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris. Marc Allégret also worked as art director, designing the film's sets.
Boxwell Court
Boxwell Court is a country house near Leighterton in Gloucestershire, England, about 5 km or 3 miles east of Wotton-under-Edge, dating from the 15th and 16th centuries. It is a Grade II* listed building.

Wotton-under-Edge
Wotton-under-Edge /ˈwʊtən/ is a market town and civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England. Near the southern fringe of the Cotswolds, the Cotswold Way long-distance footpath passes through the town.
GOT1
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GOT1 gene.

Glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively.  GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
Raccordo autostradale RA9
Raccordo autostradale 9 (RA 9; "Motorway connection 9") or Raccordo autostradale di Benevento ("Benevento motorway connection") is an autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 12.7 kilometres (7.9 mi) long in Italy located in the region of Campania that connects the Autostrada A16 Napoli-Canosa in Venticano to the city of Benevento.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Wakeman (surname)
Wakeman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Wakeman (born 1974), musician, son of Rick Wakeman

Alan Wakeman (born 1947), musician

Alan Wakeman (author) (1936-2015), British author and gay rights activist

Frederic Wakeman (1937-2006), American historian

Frederic Wakeman, Sr., (1908-1998), American novelist

Sir George Wakeman (died 1688), English doctor, royal physician to Catherine of Braganza

John Wakeman (died 1549),  English Benedictine, the last Abbot of Tewkesbury and first Bishop of Gloucester

Oliver Wakeman (born 1972), musician, son of Rick Wakeman

Rick Wakeman (born 1949), musician

Rodney Wakeman (born 1966), American politician

Shannon Wakeman (born 1990), International rugby player

Wowinape, Thomas Wakeman (1846 – 1886), organizaed the first Oceti Sakowin YMCA

William Frederick Wakeman (1822 – 1900), Irish archaeologist

Fictional characters:

Jenny Wakeman, female robot from animated series My Life as a Teenage Robot

Frederic Wakeman
Frederic Evans Wakeman Jr. (Chinese: 魏斐德; pinyin: Wèi Fěidé; December 12, 1937 – September 14, 2006) was an American scholar of East Asian history and Professor of History at University of California, Berkeley. He served as president of the American Historical Association and of the Social Science Research Council. Jonathan D. Spence said of Wakeman that he was an evocative writer who chose, "like the novelist he really wanted to be, stories that split into different currents and swept the reader along", adding that he was "quite simply the best modern Chinese historian of the last 30 years".
Alema Alema
Alema Alema (born 1964), often referred to as Dr. Alema, is an Afghani politician.  She served as deputy minister for human rights and civil society in the State Ministry for Peace.

Alema Alema was born on 1964 in Kabul.  She earned a PhD from Leipzig University in 1990.  She founded and headed the Women's Political Participation Committee, an organization dedicated to increasing political participation amongst women in Afghanistan and was responsible for the "Who is my vote for?" campaign.  Following the Taliban regaining control of Afghanistan in 2021, Alema moved to Germany and spoke out about the Taliban's treatment of women.  She worked for the German pro-immigration organisation Pro Asyl.

In 2021, Alema Alema was selected for the annual BBC 100 Women list.

100 Women (BBC)
100 Women is a BBC multi-format series established in 2013. The annual series examines the role of women in the 21st century and has included events in London and Mexico. Announcement of the list is the start of an international "BBC's women season", lasting three weeks including broadcast, online reports, debates and journalism on the topic of women. Women around the world are encouraged to participate via social media and comment on the list, as well as on the interviews and debates that follow release of the list.
Moremi Ajasoro
Moremi Ajasoro (Yoruba: Mọremí Àjàṣorò) was a legendary Yoruba queen and folk heroine in the Yorubaland region of present-day southwestern Nigeria who assisted in the liberation of the Yoruba kingdom of Ife from the neighbouring Ugbo Kingdom.

Moremi was married to Oranmiyan, the son of Oduduwa, the first king of Ile-Ife.

Ugbo Kingdom
The Ugbo Kingdom is a Yoruba kingdom (a Nigerian traditional state) in the Ilaje local government area of Ondo State, South West Nigeria, with its capital in Ode Ugbo. The people of Ugbo Kingdom are predominantly fishermen.
Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (song)
"Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams" is a song by the British band Tears for Fears, originally appearing as the B-side to their 1990 single "Advice for the Young at Heart" before being remixed by the techno producer/DJ band Fluke and released as a single in its own right in 1991. The remix was later included on the band's B-side compilation album Saturnine Martial & Lunatic.

It became a number-one hit on the UK Dance Chart, while reaching number 70 on the UK Singles Chart. Although still a Tears for Fears track, the Fluke remix single was credited only as "Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams". The cover of the single features a still photo of Keir Dullea as David Bowman from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Keir Dullea
Keir Atwood Dullea (/ˈkɪər dʊˈleɪ/ KEER doo-LAY; born May 30, 1936) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of astronaut David Bowman in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey and its 1984 sequel, 2010: The Year We Make Contact.

His other film roles include David and Lisa (1962), Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965) and Black Christmas (1974). Dullea studied acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City. He has also performed on stage in New York City and in regional theaters; he has said that despite being more recognized for his film work, he prefers the stage.