hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lippmann diagram
A Lippmann diagram is a graphical plot showing the solidus/solutus equilibrium states for a given binary solid solution (e.g., (Ba1-xSrx)SO4, barite/celestite) in equilibrium with an aqueous solution containing the two substituting ions: Ba2+ and Sr2+ (solid solution – aqueous solution system, or SS-AS). It was proposed in the 1970s by F. Lippmann to determine excess Gibbs functions. This diagram summarizes the thermodynamic basis of solid-solution aqueous-solution systems (SS-AS) equilibria and helps to predict the nucleation kinetics for solid solutions crystallizing from an aqueous solution.

In the diagram, the abscissa (horizontal axis) represents two variables with different scales to represent both the solid phase mole fraction and the aqueous activity fraction. The ordinate (vertical axis) represents the solid phase.

There are two variants of Lippmann diagrams:

Ion-activity Lippmann diagram

Total-scale Lippmann diagram

Baryte
Baryte or barite (/ˈbæraɪt, ˈbɛər-/ BARR-eyet, BAIR-), also called barytes (/bəˈraɪtiːz/ bə-RY-teez), is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO4.
Noor Hassanali
Noor Mohamed Hassanali TC (13 August 1918 – 25 August 2006) was a Trinidadian lawyer, judge and politician who served as the second president of Trinidad and Tobago from 1987 to 1997. A retired high-court judge, he was the first person of Indian descent and first Muslim president of Trinidad and Tobago, and the first Muslim head of state in the Americas.

Hassanali was president during the 1990 Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt, in which an Islamist group bombed the nation's police headquarters, stormed its Parliament and took the prime minister and his Cabinet hostage. Hassanali, who was visiting London at the time and remained there until the government regained control, aided in calming his fellow citizens and getting rule of law and democracy back on track on his return. His tenure, though largely ceremonial, was noted for its efforts to bridge the nation's racial divide and building consensus between various political parties.

Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Trinidadians and Tobagonians, colloquially known as Trinis or Trinbagonians, are the people who are identified with the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The population of Trinidad is notably diverse, with approximately 35% Indo-Trinidadian, 34% Afro-Trinidadian, and close to 30% Mixed (Particularly Dougla). The country is home to people of many different national, ethnic and religious origins. As a result, Trinidadians do not equate their nationality with race and  ethnicity, but with citizenship, identification with the islands as whole, or either Trinidad or Tobago specifically. Although citizens make up the majority of Trinidadians, there is a substantial number of Trinidadian expatriates, dual citizens and descendants living worldwide, chiefly elsewhere in the Anglosphere.
Dushyanta
Dushyanta (Sanskrit: दुष्यन्त, IAST: Duṣyanta) is a king of the Chandravamsha (Lunar) dynasty featured in Hindu literature. He is the husband of Shakuntala and the father of Bharata. He appears in the Mahabharata and in Kalidasa's play, Abhijnanashakuntalam (c. 300 CE).

Hindu texts
Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. Some of the major Hindu texts include the Vedas, the Upanishads,  the Itihasa (Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and Puranas. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scriptures" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, but many list the Agamas as Hindu scriptures, and Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti in the list of Hindu scriptures as well.
2026 Palarong Pambansa
The 2026 Palarong Pambansa, officially known as the 66th Palarong Pambansa, billed as 2026 Palaro Tu Agsur (stylized in all caps), is an upcoming multi-sport event held in Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur in 2026. Student-athletes from unspecified number of athletic associations representing the 18 regions of the Philippines competed in different sporting events and disciplines.

Bayugan
Bayugan, officially the City of Bayugan (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Bayugan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Bayugan), is a  component city in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 109,499 people.

Having gained cityhood through Republic Act No. 9405, it is the only city in the province of Agusan del Sur and also the most populous.

Located at the northern part of Agusan del Sur, Bayugan is the "cut-flower capital" of the province owing to its lucrative cut flower industry. The city's climate, especially in the highland barangays, is conducive to high yield cut-flower production. The city is also one of the major producers of rice and vegetables in the province, even providing for neighboring municipalities and provinces.
2022 Australian Open – Women's doubles
Barbora Krejčíková and Kateřina Siniaková defeated Anna Danilina and Beatriz Haddad Maia in the final, 6–7(3–7), 6–4, 6–4 to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 2022 Australian Open. It was their fourth major title together.

Elise Mertens and Aryna Sabalenka were the reigning champions, but Sabalenka did not participate. Mertens partnered Veronika Kudermetova, but they were defeated in the semifinals by Krejčíková and Siniaková.

Mertens was in contention for the world No. 1 doubles ranking, but Siniaková retained the top ranking by reaching the semifinals.

Anna Danilina became the first Kazakhstani woman to reach the final of the tournament.
Haddad Maia became the first Brazilian woman to reach a major doubles final since Maria Bueno at the 1968 US Open.

Kimberley Zimmermann
Kimberley Zimmermann (born 9 November 1995) is a Belgian tennis player.
Zimmermann has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 215, achieved on 13 May 2019. On 6 March 2023, she peaked at No. 37 in the WTA doubles rankings. Zimmermann has specialized in doubles since 2021, and she has won three doubles titles on the WTA Tour and two on WTA 125 tournaments, along with two singles and 18 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Başmakçı
Başmakçı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey, closer to Denizli than to the city of Afyon itself. It is the seat of Başmakçı District. Its population is 4,993 (2021). The mayor is Selçuk Gönüllü (CHP).

Afyonkarahisar
Afyonkarahisar (Turkish pronunciation: [ɑfˌjon.kɑˈɾɑhisɑɾ], Turkish: afyon 'poppy, opium', kara 'black', hisar 'fortress') is a major city in western Turkey. It is the administrative centre of Afyonkarahisar Province and Afyonkarahisar District. Its population is 328.319 (2024). Afyon is in the mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, 250 km (155 mi) south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. In Turkey, Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of hot springs and spas, an important junction of railway, highway and air traffic in West-Turkey, and the place where independence was won.
In addition, Afyonkarahisar is one of Turkey's leading provinces in agriculture, globally renowned for its marble and is the world's largest producer of pharmaceutical opium. In antiquity, the city was called Akroinon and it is the site of Afyonkarahisar Castle, built around 1350 BC.
Narelle Jubelin
Narelle Jubelin (born 1960) is an Australian artist who has lived and practiced in Madrid since 1996. Jubelin's often collaborative work spans across media such as sculpture, printmaking, multi-media installation and is especially focused on single thread petit point stitching. She has been exhibiting her work internationally for over 30 years and exhibited work in the 1990 Venice Biennale. Her work is held in the Cruthers Collection of Women's Art, and she is represented by Mori Gallery, Sydney and The Commercial Gallery, Sydney. Her work brings attention to themes of cultural exchange, feminine labour, modernism and Australian feminism, architecture and colonialism.

Tent stitch
Tent stitch is a small, diagonal needlepoint stitch that crosses over the intersection of one horizontal (weft) and one vertical (warp) thread of  needlepoint canvas forming a slanted stitch at a 45-degree angle. It is also known as needlepoint stitch and is one of the most basic and versatile stitches used in needlepoint and other canvas work embroidery. When worked on fine weave canvas over a single warp and weft thread it is known as petit point in contrast to stitches, such as Gobelin, worked over multiple warp and/or weft threads.

"Petit point" comes from the French language, meaning "small point" or "dot".
Square root of 3
The square root of 3 is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number 3. It is denoted mathematically as  or . It is more precisely called the principal square root of 3 to distinguish it from the negative number with the same property. The square root of 3 is an irrational number. It is also known as Theodorus's constant, after Theodorus of Cyrene, who proved its irrationality.

In 2013, its numerical value in decimal notation was computed to ten billion digits. Its decimal expansion, written here to 60 decimal places, is given by OEIS: A002194:

1.732050807568877293527446341505872366942805253810380628055806

Archimedes reported a range for its value: .

The upper limit  is an accurate approximation for  to  (six decimal places, relative error ) and the lower limit  to  (four decimal places, relative error ).

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Archaeology of Ethiopia
Ethiopia has several UNESCO World Heritage Sites related to archaeology which include Axum, one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa, the Awash Valley where Lucy, a hominin who lived around 3.2 million years ago was discovered, and Tiya, where Middle Stone Age tools and megaliths have been found.

Axum
Axum, also spelled Aksum (/ˈɑːksuːm/ ⓘ), is a town in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia with a population of 66,900 residents (as of 2015). It is the site of the historic capital of the Aksumite Empire.

Axum is located in the Central Zone of the Tigray Region, near the base of the Adwa mountains. It has an elevation of 2,131 metres (6,991 feet) and is surrounded by La'ilay Maychew, a separately administered woreda of the Tigray region.

In 1980, UNESCO added Axum's archaeological sites to its list of World Heritage Sites due to their historic value. Prior to the beginning of the Tigray War in 2020, Axum was a leading tourist destination for foreign visitors.
Cloudcroft Observatory
Cloudcroft Observatory (observatory code: V29) is an astronomical observatory located in the Lincoln National Forest near Cloudcroft, New Mexico, approximately 23 kilometers (14 mi) northeast of Alamogordo. It is owned by the Tzec Maun Foundation, a private astronomical organization.

Known as the Cloudcroft Electro-Optical Research Facility when it was built in 1962, it was owned by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) until 1982 and initially operated by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory (AFAL). It was used as part of a project to develop new techniques for detecting satellites with electronic imaging devices, which were eventually to replace Project Space Track's Baker-Nunn photographic system. From 1995 to 2002, the facility was known as the NASA Orbital Debris Observatory and hosted two telescopes funded and operated by NASA.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
William Irving (American politician)
William Irving (August 15, 1766 – November 9, 1821) was an American politician who served three terms as a United States representative from New York from 1814 to 1819.

He was the eldest brother of author Washington Irving.

New York's congressional delegations
These are tables of congressional delegations from New York to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.

The dean of the New York delegation is Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-Brooklyn), who has served in Congress since 1981, in the Senate since 1999, and as the leader of the Senate Democratic Caucus since 2017.
Josef Venantius von Wöss
Josef Venantius von Wöss (13 June 1863 – 22 October 1943) was a Viennese church musician, composer, teacher of harmony and music publishing lector. He is known for piano transcriptions of large-scale works by Gustav Mahler for Universal Edition.

Das Lied von der Erde
Das Lied von der Erde (The song of the Earth) is an orchestral work for two voices and orchestra written by Gustav Mahler between 1908 and 1909. Described as a symphony when published, it comprises six movements for a large orchestra and two singers as the soloist alternating in the movements. Mahler specified that the two singers should be a tenor and an alto, or else a tenor and a baritone if an alto is not available.

Mahler composed this work following the most painful period in his life, and the songs address themes such as those of living, parting and salvation. On the centenary of Mahler's birth, the composer and prominent Mahler conductor Leonard Bernstein described Das Lied von der Erde as Mahler's "greatest symphony". As with his later Symphony No. 9, Mahler did not live to hear Das Lied von der Erde performed.
Guerrero earthquake
This disambiguation page refers to earthquakes that have occurred in the Mexican state of Guerrero, including:

1787 New Spain earthquake – Mw  8.6 earthquake and tsunami affecting Guerrero.

1911 Guerrero earthquake

1957 Guerrero earthquake

1964 Guerrero earthquake

1979 Petatlán earthquake

1982 Ometepec earthquake

1995 Guerrero earthquake

2011 Guerrero earthquake

2012 Guerrero–Oaxaca earthquake

2014 Guerrero earthquake

2021 Guerrero earthquake

2026 Guerrero earthquake

2026 Guerrero earthquake
On 2 January 2026, at 07:58:18 local time (13:58:18 UTC), a Mw 6.5 earthquake struck near San Marcos in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 18 kilometres (11 mi). Two people were killed, twenty-four others were injured and hundreds of buildings were damaged as a result of the earthquake.
Leggiuno
Leggiuno is a town and comune in the province of Varese, Lombardy, Italy.

It is the birthplace of Gigi Riva, a footballer of AC Legnano, Cagliari Calcio and the Italy national football team. The operatic tenor Giuseppe Borgatti died there in retirement in 1950.

Province of Varese
The province of Varese (Italian: provincia di Varese) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Varese, but the largest city is Busto Arsizio. The headquarters of AgustaWestland, the company merged into Leonardo since 2016 and the world's largest producer of helicopters, is based in Samarate, a comune (municipality) of the province. The province has 139 municipalities.

It has a population of 881,907 in an area of 1,198.11 square kilometres (462.59 sq mi), making it the 6th most densely populated province of Italy.
The Judge and His Hangman (Studio One)
"The Judge and His Hangman" is an episode of the CBS television anthology series Studio One consisting of an hour-long adaptation of Friedrich Dürrenmatt's 1950 novel of the same name. The episode was first broadcast November 14, 1955. Adapted by Dick Berg and directed by William H. Brown Jr., the episode starred Kurt Kasznar, Charles Korvin, and Luis Van Rooten.

Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Friedrich Dürrenmatt (German: [ˈfriːdrɪç ˈdʏrənˌmat] ⓘ; 5 January 1921 – 14 December 1990) was a Swiss author and dramatist. He was a proponent of epic theatre whose plays reflected the recent experiences of World War II. The politically active author's work included avant-garde dramas, philosophical crime novels, and macabre satire. Dürrenmatt was a member of the Gruppe Olten, a group of left-wing Swiss writers who convened regularly at a restaurant in the city of Olten.
FYIFV
FYIFV (standing for "Fuck You, I'm Fully Vested") or FYIV is a piece of early Microsoft jargon that has become an urban legend: the claim that employees whose stock options were fully vested (that is, could be exercised) would occasionally wear T-shirts or buttons with the initials "FYIFV" to indicate they were sufficiently financially independent to give their honest opinions and leave any time they wished.

In internal usage at Microsoft, it was meant metaphorically to describe intransigent co-workers. In press usage and popular culture, it was used to imply a predatory business culture reaching even to the programmers. Despite many third hand reports of Microsoft employees wearing "FYIFV" buttons or shirts, there is only one report of an actual "FYIFV" T-shirt, worn on the wearer's last day at the company.

Exercise (options)
The owner of an option contract has the right to exercise it, and thus require that the financial transaction specified by the contract is to be carried out immediately between the two parties, whereupon the option contract is terminated. When exercising a call option, the owner of the option purchases the underlying shares (or commodities, fixed interest securities, etc.) at the strike price from the option seller, while for a put option, the owner of the option sells the underlying to the option seller, again at the strike price.
Australia Street
"Australia Street" is a song by Australian indie rock band Sticky Fingers from their debut studio album, Caress Your Soul (2013). It was released through Sureshaker Music on 12 February 2013 as the third single from the album.

The track's legacy has grown over the proceeding decade, evidenced by its position in multiple Triple J Hottest 100 listener-voted polls, and it can now be considered the band's signature song. It was voted at #70 in the 2013 Hottest 100, #15 in 2020's Hottest 100 of the Decade, and #62 in 2025's Hottest 100 of Australian Songs.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of Australian Songs
The Hottest 100 of Australian Songs was counted down by Australian youth radio station Triple J on 26 July 2025. Celebrating the broadcaster's 50th anniversary, it was the first time the Hottest 100 polled exclusively Australian songs, with music from all prior years eligible. More than 2.65 million votes were submitted by listeners. The Hottest 200 was counted down from 28 July through to 1 August 2025.
Masahito Soda
Masahito Soda (曽田 正人, Soda Masahito, born June 18, 1968, in Bunkyō, Japan) is a Japanese manga artist. Soda studied at Nihon University, but left prior to graduating. He worked as an assistant for Taku Kitazaki, and debuted in 1990 with GET ROCK, published in Magazine Special. His most notable series are Firefighter! Daigo of Fire Company M and Subaru.

In 1997 Soda won the Shogakukan Manga Award for Firefighter! Daigo of Fire Company M, and in 2005 he won the Kodansha Manga Award for Capeta.

Nihon University
Nihon University (日本大学, Nihon Daigaku; lit. 'Japan University'), abbreviated as Nichidai (日大), is a private research university in Japan. Its predecessor, Nihon Law School (currently the Department of Law), was founded by Yamada Akiyoshi, the Minister of Justice, in 1889. The university's name is derived from the Japanese word "Nihon" meaning Japan. Nihon University now has 16 colleges and 87 departments, 20 postgraduate schools, one junior college which is composed of five departments, one correspondence division, 32 research institutes and three hospitals. The number of students exceeds 70,000 and is the largest in Japan.
Richard Wiley
Richard Wiley (born November 19, 1944) is an American novelist and short story writer whose first novel, Soldiers in Hiding won the 1987 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. He has published five other novels and a number of short stories (see "Works" below).

Wiley holds a B.A. from the University of Puget Sound and an M.A. from Sophia University in Tokyo; he earned his MFA in creative writing from the Iowa Writers' Workshop, where he studied under John Irving. Since 1989 he has been a professor of English at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Wiley is professor emeritus of English and a board member of Black Mountain Institute at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Wiley was a member of the UNLV English Department faculty from 1989 to 2015 and cofounded UNLV's graduate Creative Writing Program.

He was inducted into the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame in 2005.

Iowa Writers' Workshop
The Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa, is a graduate-level creative writing program. At 90 years, it is the oldest writing program offering a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in the United States. Its acceptance rate is between 2.7% and 3.7%. On the university's behalf, the workshop administers the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and the Iowa Short Fiction Award.

The workshop's director is the writer Lan Samantha Chang, under whom its endowment has grown from $2.6 million to $12.5 million.
Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer)
Peter McLean (6 May 1941 – 4 April 2009) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s.

A utility player, McLean was a reserve in Melbourne's 1964 VFL Grand Final win over Collingwood which gave him the perfect end to his debut year. In 1966 he reunited with his former coach Ron Barassi at Carlton and was a member of their 1968 premiership side. It would be his final league season and he thus earned the distinction of being a premiership player in his first and last season, in both cases as a reserve.

1964 VFL grand final
The 1964 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 19 September 1964. It was the 67th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1964 VFL season.

The match, attended by 102,471 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 4 points, marking the club's 12th premiership victory.