hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South African patent system
The South African patent system is the system by which patents are granted in South Africa.

As is the case in many other countries, a patent provides legal protection for a new and industrially applicable invention. This invention, which constitutes either a product or process, has to be brought about as a result of an inventive step. Essentially, this new product or process has to represent a new way of doing things or has to provide a technical solution to a real-life industrial problem. An invention is only considered to be new and based on an inventive step if the same idea has not been expressed in writing, orally or practically, or in any other way, anywhere immediately prior to the priority date of the invention.

Novelty (patent)
Novelty is one of the patentability requirements for a patent claim, whose purpose is to prevent issuing patents on known things, i.e. to prevent public knowledge from being taken away from the public domain.

An invention is anticipated (i.e. not new) and therefore not patentable if it was known to the public before the priority date of the patent application. Although the concept of "novelty" in patent law appears simple and self-explanatory, this view is very far from reality. Some of the most contentious questions of novelty comprise:

inventor's own prior disclosures (only a few countries provide a grace period, most notably, 1 year in the US);

new uses of known things, such as pharmaceuticals;

a broader question of (2) is inherent anticipation;

patenting things, which are newly discovered in (or isolated from) nature (see Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.) This question overlaps with patentable subject matter.
Mark Bernard
Mark Bernard (born February 1, 1969) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender and coach.

Bernard is the current General Manager of the American Hockey League's Rockford IceHogs, a position he has held since the 2010–11 AHL season.

Rockford IceHogs
The Rockford IceHogs are a professional ice hockey team based in Rockford, Illinois. They are members of the American Hockey League (AHL), having begun play in the League starting in the 2007–08 season. The team plays their home games at the BMO Center, and they serve as the top minor league affiliate of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Chicago Blackhawks.
The F-Ups
The F-Ups are an American punk rock band from Rochester, Minnesota. 
Founded in 1999, signed with Capitol Records in 2003, and reunited in 2020.
They are best known for their song 'Lazy Generation' which was featured on NHL 2005 and Burnout 3: Takedown, being the theme song for Takedown.
Several of the members formed a new band Hang 'Em High, which itself disbanded in 2014.

All the Young Dudes
"All the Young Dudes" is a song written by the English singer-songwriter David Bowie, originally recorded and released as a single by the English rock band Mott the Hoople in 1972 by Columbia Records. Bowie produced the song, which he had given to the band after they rejected his "Suffragette City". Bowie would subsequently record the song himself. Regarded as an anthem of glam rock, the song has received acclaim and was a commercial success. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked "All the Young Dudes" number 166 in its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It is also one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.
Evelyn Woodhead Speed Reading Course
"Evelyn Woodhead Speed Reading Course" is a parody skit of the numerous speed reading courses available in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s written by Cheech and Chong that first appeared on the 1973 album Los Cochinos. The title refers to the Evelyn Wood course.
Introduced by Tommy Chong, the piece begins with the words delivered phonetically by Cheech Marin:

Ever since I took the Evelyn W-Woodhead sped reddin' course, my... reddin' has [Marin carefully sounds out the syllables somewhat incorrectly] im-PRO-v'd 100%, and also... com-PREN-shun has increased won-der-FULL-y. I ricommend the Evelyn Woodhed Sped Reddin' Course to all my frens out there, and you tell 'em that you heard it here first... on Roller Derby

The short spoken word testimonial style skit was an effective parody of commercials that were prevalent on television and radio stations in that era.

Cheech & Chong
Cheech & Chong are a comedy duo founded in Vancouver and consisting of American Cheech Marin and Canadian Tommy Chong. The duo found commercial and cultural success in the 1970s and 1980s with their stand-up routines, studio recordings, and feature films, which were based on the hippie and free love era, the drug and counterculture movements, and their love for cannabis.
Bayırköy, Karaman
Bayırköy (also: Bayır) is a village in Karaman District, Karaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 472 (2022).

Its distance to Karaman is 70 kilometres (43 mi) Bayırköy is a typical agricultural village. It was a grape producer. However recently cherry replaced grapes.

Karaman
Karaman is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about 100 km (62 mi) south of Konya. It is the seat of Karaman Province and Karaman District. Its population is 175,390 (2022). The town lies at an average elevation of 1,039 m (3,409 ft). The Karaman Museum is one of the major sights.
Gunnar Geisse
Gunnar Geisse (born 1962 in Gießen is a German musician, improviser, composer, and interpreter. He plays several string instruments including guitar, banjo, mandolin, and a variety of instruments from Central Asia, among them the Uzbek and the Persian dotâr. Gunnar Geisse has been living in Munich, Germany since 1985.

Enja Records
Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971.

The label's first release was by Mal Waldron, and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach, Terumasa Hino, Albert Mangelsdorff and Yōsuke Yamashita, along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp, Cecil Taylor, Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead musicians such as Tommy Flanagan, McCoy Tyner, Chet Baker, Freddie Hubbard, Elvin Jones, and Kenny Barron. The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Mahmoud Turkmani, Gypsy bands, Indonesia's Monica Akihary, and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol.
Joseph Powell (congressman)
Joseph Powell (June 23, 1828 – April 24, 1904) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Joseph Powell was born in Towanda, Pennsylvania. He completed preparatory studies and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was president of the First National Bank of Towanda from 1870 to 1889.

Powell was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1876.

He was appointed special deputy collector of the port of Philadelphia in 1885 and served four years. He was sheriff of Bradford County, Pennsylvania, from 1889 to 1893. He died in Towanda in 1904, and was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery.

44th United States Congress
The 44th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. For the first time  since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority.
Outline of wine
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to wine:

Wine – alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast.  Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the type of wine being produced.

Wine tasting
Wine tasting is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine. While the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production, a more formalized methodology has slowly become established from the 14th century onward. Modern, professional wine tasters (such as sommeliers or buyers for retailers) use a constantly evolving specialized terminology which is used to describe the range of perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a wine. More informal, recreational tasting may use similar terminology, usually involving a much less analytical process for a more general, personal appreciation.

Results that have surfaced through scientific blind wine tasting suggest the unreliability of wine tasting in both experts and consumers, such as inconsistency in identifying wines based on region and price.
Ain't Gonna Hurt Nobody
"Ain't Gonna Hurt Nobody" is a song performed by American hip hop group Kid 'n Play. It was issued as the first single from their third studio album Face the Nation, as well as appearing on the soundtrack to the film House Party 2. The song samples the Brick song of the same name, as well as "Funky President (People It's Bad)" by James Brown.

Co-written by group member Christopher "Kid" Reid, "Ain't Gonna Hurt Nobody" was the group's only single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 51 on the chart in 1991. It was also the group's second single to peak at number one on the Billboard rap chart.

The song was also made available on a cassette table in select boxes of Kellogs Cinnamon Mini Bun cereal.

Funky President (People It's Bad)
"Funky President (People It's Bad)"  is a funk song by James Brown. Released as a single in 1974, it charted No. 4 R&B. It also appeared on the album Reality. According to Brown the "funky president" of the song's title was meant to refer to U.S. President Gerald Ford, who had succeeded Richard Nixon in the White House shortly before it was recorded.
Boston Common, 8/17/71
Boston Common, 8/17/71 is a live album by the rock group the Allman Brothers Band.  As the name suggests, it was recorded at Boston Common in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 17, 1971.  It is the fifth archival release by the Allman Brothers Band Recording Company, and the third one to feature the original lineup of the band.  It was released in 2007, and re-released in 2014.

Dickey Betts
Forrest Richard "Dickey" Betts (December 12, 1943 – April 18, 2024) was an American rock guitarist and vocalist, best known as a longtime member of the Allman Brothers Band.  A co-founder of the band when it formed in 1969,  he was central to the group's greatest commercial success in the mid-1970s, and was the writer and vocalist on the Allmans' hit single "Ramblin' Man".  The Allman Brothers Band broke up and re-formed twice, always with Betts in the lineup, until he left the group in 2000.

Starting in 1974, Betts also fronted his own bands, performing concerts and recording records.  He released albums as Dickey Betts and Great Southern, the Dickey Betts Band, and under his own name.
Philippine Legislature
The Philippine Legislature was the legislature of the Philippines from 1907 to 1935, during the American colonial period, and predecessor of the current Congress of the Philippines. It was bicameral and the legislative branch of the Insular Government.

From 1907 to 1916, under the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, the legislature's lower house was the elected Philippine Assembly and its upper house was the appointed Philippine Commission, headed by the American governor general (who also served as the executive of the Insular Government).

In 1916, the Jones Law abolished the Philippine Commission and reorganized the Philippine Legislature as a fully elected, bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, precursors to current Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines.

In 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established and the National Assembly of the Philippines replaced the Philippine Legislature.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Calliope (band)
Calliope is a New York City-based band which plays Renaissance music and modern music using early musical instruments, such as the sackbut, shawm, viol, and the hurdy-gurdy.

Calliope won the Naumburg Chamber Music Award in 1975. The band performed at the 1977 U.S. Presidential inauguration and later contributed to the soundtrack for R O Blechman's 1978 PBS holiday special Simple Gifts.

The band released three albums: Calliope Dances: A Renaissance Revel (Nonesuch, 1982); Calliope Festival (Nonesuch, 1984); and Diversions (Summit, 1990). The band recorded Peter Schickele's composition Bestiary in 1984.

Peter Schickele
Peter Schickele (/ˈʃɪkəli/; July 17, 1935 – January 16, 2024) was an American composer, musical educator and parodist, best known for comedy albums featuring his music, which he presented as being composed by the fictional P. D. Q. Bach. He also hosted a long-running weekly radio program called Schickele Mix.

From 1990 to 1993, Schickele's P. D. Q. Bach recordings earned him four consecutive wins for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.
Ethmia mirusella
Ethmia mirusella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in the United States from Kansas and Oklahoma to central and western Texas.

The length of the forewings is 7.8–9.2 mm (0.31–0.36 in). The ground color of the forewings is white, the pattern divided by a longitudinal, straight line. The area costad in the cell is dark brown, shading to pale brownish and whitish toward the costa, the latter is brown only at the base. The costal area beyond the cell is mostly white. The ground color of the hindwings is white, at times very lightly tinged with grayish brown towards the distal margins. Adults are on wing in March and from May to September in two generations per year.

The larvae feed on Lithospermum species.

Lithospermum
Lithospermum is a genus of plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. The genus is distributed nearly worldwide, but most are native to the Americas and the center of diversity is in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Species are known generally as gromwells or stoneseeds.
Cueto (surname)
Cueto is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Al Cueto, former basketball player

Alonso Cueto, novelist and playwright

Anderson Cueto, football player

César Cueto, football player

Emilio Cueto, guitarist

Germán Cueto, Mexican painter, sculptor, puppet designer and puppeteer

Johnny Cueto (born 1986), Dominican baseball pitcher

Lola Cueto, Mexican painter, printmaker, puppet designer, and puppeteer

Mark Cueto (born 1979), English rugby player

Matanza Cueto (born 1982), ring name of American professional wrestler Jeffrey Cobb

Mireya Cueto (1922–2013), Mexican puppeteer, writer and dramaturg

Fictional characters with the surname include:

Dario and Antonio Cueto, putative owners and promoters of the professional wrestling promotion Lucha Underground (Dario 2014–2017, Antonio 2018–). In storyline, Antonio is the father of Dario and Matanza Cueto.

Al Cueto
Alfonso Angel Cueto (born August 2, 1946) is a Cuban-born former professional basketball player.

A 6'7" center, Cueto attended Coral Gables Senior High School in Coral Gables, Florida and the University of Tulsa after transferring from St. Gregory's University. He was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics in the tenth round of the 1969 NBA draft, but he never joined the team. Cueto did play two seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA) as a member of the Miami Floridians and Memphis Pros. He averaged 5.3 points and 4.3 rebounds in his professional career.
Exposition, Eaux-Fortes et Méandres
Exposition, Eaux-Fortes et Méandres is the 8th album released by the French darkwave band Collection d'Arnell Andréa. The concept for the album is based on pianist Modest Mussorgsky's 1874 Pictures at an Exhibition piano suite, which in Mussorgsky created 10 different piano songs based on Russian artist Viktor Hartmann. The majority of the tracks on Exposition, Eaux-Fortes et Méandres are based on 19th-century paintings. These paintings had darker themes and included works from Arnold Böcklin's Isle of the Dead, Edward Robert Hughes, and John Everett Millais's Ophelia. The album cover art and title track, Les Méandres, are based on Richard Boutin's 1999 painting Crepuscule sur la Loire. Boutin also photographed the band for the album's liner notes.

Dark wave
Dark wave (also known as darkwave) is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s. Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark, romantic and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow. Common features include the use of chordophones such as electric and acoustic guitar, violin and piano, as well as electronic instruments such as synthesizer, sampler and drum machine. Like new wave, dark wave is not a "unified genre but rather an umbrella term" that encompasses a variety of musical styles, including cold wave, ethereal wave, gothic rock, neoclassical dark wave and neofolk.

In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called "wavers" or "dark wavers". In some countries, most notably Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock (so-called "trad-goths").
Gunnar Möller
Gunnar Möller (1 July 1928 – 16 May 2017) was a German television and film actor. He appeared in over 160 film and television productions between 1940 and 2016. He was most successful as a leading man in German cinema of the 1950s, especially with his role in I Often Think of Piroschka (1955) with Liselotte Pulver. He later turned to character roles and worked for a number of years in England, including the supporting role of Hans van Broecken in World War II drama series Secret Army .

He was married to the actress Brigitte Rau until her death in 1979, when he killed her during an argument in London. He was sentenced to five years in prison in England, but served only two and was able to continue his career in Germany.

In 2003, he married actress Christiane Hammacher, with whom he had performed in "Loriots Dramatische Werke" ("Loriot's Dramatic Works") at Frankfurt's Fritz Rémond Theater and on tour during the 1980s.

Möller died on 16 May 2017 in his hometown Berlin, aged 88.

Secret Army (TV series)
Secret Army is a British television drama made by the BBC and the Belgian national broadcaster BRT (now VRT) created by Gerard Glaister. It tells the story of a fictional Belgian resistance movement in German-occupied Belgium during the Second World War, an escape line dedicated to returning Allied airmen, usually shot down by the Luftwaffe, to Great Britain. It was made in the UK and Belgium and three series were broadcast on BBC1 between 7 September 1977 and 15 December 1979.

Fay Weldon said of the series: "There is, in the making of such programmes, a level of professionalism, and sheer patient, largely unacclaimed, hard work from producer to script editor to writer to designer to vision mixer to editor by way of sound and lighting engineers that is probably equalled only in a heart transplant theatre".
The Blockhouse
The Blockhouse is a 1973 British survival drama film directed by Clive Rees and starring Peter Sellers, Charles Aznavour, Jeremy Kemp, Per Oscarsson, Peter Vaughan, Nicholas Jones and Leon Lissek. Based on a 1955 novel by Jean-Paul Clébert and produced by Edgar Bronfman Jr., it is about a group of forced labourers during World War II, who become trapped in an underground storehouse for years. It's noted as a rare dramatic role for Sellers.

The film premiered at the 23rd Berlin International Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Golden Bear. Despite positive reviews, it was not widely released in the United Kingdom and failed to find an audience.

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
2018 Diamond Challenge
The 2018 Diamond Challenge was the fifth Diamond Challenge netball series. It featured South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and a Netball South Africa President's XII. The series was played in late November and early December 2018 at Seshego's Ngoako Ramathlodi Sports Complex. With a team coached by Norma Plummer and captained by Bongiwe Msomi, South Africa won the series. South Africa finished the series undefeated, winning all five matches, and Msomi was named the Player of the Tournament. The series was broadcast live on SuperSport in South Africa.

Seshego
Seshego is a township in the Polokwane Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality of the Limpopo province of the Republic of South Africa.  The township lies directly northwest of the city of Polokwane.
Karoo Moose
Karoo Moose is a play by the South African playwright Lara Foot Newton. Set in a remote village in the Karoo, the play depicts the trials and tribulations of a young girl called Thozama. In the play, the main character Thozama ends up killing a moose that is inexplicably in the middle of the Karoo, and it shows all the events that follow. This play combines elements of magical realism and African story telling to tell the story of the inevitable breach of innocence that so many children in South Africa suffer. The themes of the play are present to show that in order for such a pattern of violence and the breach of innocence to end, something completely out of the ordinary/external must take place.

The play won multiple awards in its native South Africa. In 2009, the play transferred to the Tricycle Theatre in London, where it formed the first half of a mini South African season. The play received positive reviews from the London theatre critics.

Kiln Theatre
The Kiln Theatre (formerly the Tricycle Theatre) is a theatre located in Kilburn, in the London Borough of Brent, England. Since 1980, the theatre has presented a wide range of plays reflecting the cultural diversity of the area, as well as new writing, political work and verbatim reconstructions of public inquiries.

The theatre has produced original work by playwrights such as Lynn Nottage, Patrick Barlow, Richard Bean, David Edgar, Stephen Jeffreys, Abi Morgan, Simon Stephens, Roy Williams, Lolita Chakrabarti, Moira Buffini, Alexi Kaye Campbell, Florian Zeller, Ayad Akhtar and Zadie Smith.

The theatre was founded in 1980 by Ken Chubb and Shirley Barrie. The current artistic director is Amit Sharma, who succeeded Indhu Rubasingham, in December 2023, who in turn had succeeded Nicolas Kent in 2012.

The theatre's name was changed from the Tricycle to Kiln Theatre in April 2018.
Love Boat: The Next Wave
Love Boat: The Next Wave is an American comedy television series that aired on UPN from April 13, 1998, to May 21, 1999. It was a revival of the original run of the ABC series The Love Boat from 1977–1986.

Phil Morris (actor)
Phil Morris (born April 4, 1959) is an American film and television actor. He played Jackie Chiles in Seinfeld, Martian Manhunter in Smallville, and Silas Stone in Doom Patrol. As a voice actor, he is known for voicing Dr. Sweet in Atlantis: The Lost Empire and Doc Saturday in The Secret Saturdays.