hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Bowls England National Finals
The 2022 Bowls England National Finals are a series of lawn bowls events to determine the National champions of England. The Championships are being held from 25 August to 11 September 2022, at the Royal Leamington Spa Bowls Club in Victoria Park, Leamington Spa. They are organised by Bowls England, and are open to lawn bowlers who qualify via their County Championships.

Sam Tolchard successfully defended his two wood singles title. Rebecca Moorbey became only the second woman (after Sophie Tolchard) to secure both the women's singles and women's junior singles titles.

In the elite pairs events, Nick Brett won his second national title partnering Lewis Baker and Sophie Tolchard won her eighth title partnering Harriet Stevens.

On 8 September 2022, play for 9 September was suspended due to the death of Elizabeth II.

Victoria Park, Leamington Spa
Victoria Park is a public park in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England. It is situated about half a mile (800 m) west of the town centre and is on the south bank of the River Leam. The total area of the park as it stands today is 18.5 acres (7.5 ha).
Alberta Highway 837
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 837, commonly referred to as Highway 837, is a short north–south highway in central Alberta, Canada.  It runs from the Highway 575 to Highway 27 in Kneehill County along the west bank of the Red Deer River in the Canadian badlands; it does not pass through any communities.  The section between Highway 575 and Highway 838 is part of the Dinosaur Trail.

Alberta Highway 27
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 27, commonly referred to as Highway 27, is a 151-kilometre (94 mi) east-west highway in central Alberta, Canada. It extends from Highway 22 in Sundre, through Olds along 46 Street, and intersects Highway 2 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Olds. It continues east where it intersects Highway 21 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Trochu where it branches south, passes Three Hills, and branches east 10 km (6.2 mi) to the south.  The highway ends at intersection of Highways 9 and 56, 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Morrin and 21 km (13 mi) north of Drumheller.
MV Eigg
MV Eigg is a landing craft car ferry built for Caledonian MacBrayne in 1974. She was owned by Caledonian Maritime Assets Limited and operated mostly on the Oban to Lismore route from 1976 until 2013. She was the oldest vessel in the CalMac fleet at her retirement in April 2018. As of June 2018, she is based at Clare Island in County Mayo.

Landing craft
Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault. The term excludes landing ships, which are larger. Production of landing craft peaked during World War II, with a significant number of different designs produced in large quantities by the United Kingdom and United States.

Because of the need to run up onto a suitable beach, World War II landing craft were flat-bottomed, and many designs had a flat front, often with a lowerable ramp, rather than a normal bow. This made them difficult to control and very uncomfortable in rough seas. The control point (too rudimentary to call a bridge on LCA and similar craft) was normally at the extreme rear of the vessel, as were the engines. In all cases, they were known by an abbreviation derived from the official name rather than by the full title.
Gossip Girls (T-ara album)
Gossip Girls is the fourth studio album and third Japanese release by South Korean idol group T-ara. It was released on May 14, 2014, as their second album release under Universal Music Japan sub-label EMI Records Japan in two limited editions and a regular edition.

Universal Music Japan
Universal Music LLC (Japanese: ユニバーサル ミュージック合同会社, Hepburn: Yunibāsaru myūjikku Gōdō gaisha), often referred to as just Universal Music Japan or UMJ, is a Japanese subsidiary of the Universal Music Group founded in 1990. It is the largest subsidiary for a foreign company in Japan regarding music distribution. The company is responsible for marketing and distribution in Japan for Japanese releases under Universal.

As of 2019, Universal Japan holds the second most shares in the Japanese music market, behind Sony Music Japan, and is followed by Avex.
Blue Picardy Spaniel
The Blue Picardy Spaniel (or Épagneul Bleu de Picardie) is a breed of Spaniel originating in France, from the area around the mouth of the River Somme, around the start of the 20th century. It is descended from Picardy Spaniels and English Setters, and is described as a quiet breed that requires much exercise due to its stamina. It is especially good with children. Similar to the Picardy Spaniel, it has a distinctive coloured coat. The breed is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, the Canadian Kennel Club, the Société Centrale Canine, and the United Kennel Club. It is not yet recognized by the American Kennel Club though registration services are provided though the AKC's Foundation Stock Service. The Blue Picardy Spaniel can be found in its greatest numbers in France and Canada.

Société Centrale Canine
The Société centrale canine (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete sɑ̃tʁal kanin], "Central Canine Society"), officially the Société Centrale Canine pour l'Amélioration des Races de Chiens en France and abbreviated SCC, is a French kennel club founded in 1881. It is made up of regional clubs and breed clubs, and coordinates and regulates activities and connections between governmental groups and dog clubs, as well as activities through the Fédération cynologique internationale, where it was one of the original five founding member organizations in 1911.
Matthew H. Smith
Matthew Heyden "Matt" Smith (born September 19, 1972 in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania) is an American politician. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 37th district from January 2013 until June 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, he also served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 2007 to 2012. He was elected to the State Senate in the 2012 election.

2012 Pennsylvania Senate election
The 2012 elections for the Pennsylvania State Senate were held on November 6, 2012, with all odd-numbered districts being contested. The primary elections were held on April 24, 2012. The term of office for those elected in 2012 began when the Senate convened in January 2013. Pennsylvania State Senators are elected to four-year terms, with 25 of the 50 seats contested every two years.
Suo Chao
Suo Chao (索超) is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Impatient Vanguard", he ranks 19th among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
CINA-FM
CINA-FM (102.3 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting a mixture of English-language and ethnic/multilingual music and programming in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

The station broadcasts with an antenna aimed toward the northwest and southeast, to protect nearby stations on the same frequency: CHST-FM in London; WGRT in Port Huron, Michigan; WPOS-FM in Toledo, Ohio and WFXN-FM in Galion, Ohio. In consequence, the coverage area reaches out to ethnic communities in both Windsor and Detroit, Michigan.

WPOS-FM
WPOS-FM (102.3 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Holland, Ohio, United States, and serving the Toledo metropolitan area with a Contemporary Christian music format. WPOS-FM is owned by The Maumee Valley Broadcasting Association, a non-profit 501(c)3 organization. The station is 75 percent listener supported, with the other 25 percent coming in through advertising.

The radio studios and transmitter are located at 7112 Angola Road in Holland.
Critical communicative methodology
Research methodology based on intersubjective dialogue and an egalitarian relationship between the research team and those being researched (Gomez & Latorre, 2005).Current societies are characterized for using dialogue in different domains, seeing it as necessary for social progress and for avoiding different social conflicts (Castells 1996; Flecha, Gómez & Puigvert, 2003; Habermas, 2000). Critical communicative methodology is characterized for its dialogic orientation in different aspects of the research (Gomez & Flecha, 2004).

Progress
Progress is movement towards a perceived refined, improved, or otherwise desired state. It is central to the philosophy of progressivism, which interprets progress as the set of advancements in technology, science, and social organization – the latter being generally achieved through direct societal action, as in social enterprise or through activism, but being also attainable through natural sociocultural evolution – that progressivism holds all human societies should strive towards.

The concept of progress was introduced in the early-19th-century social theories, especially social evolution as described by Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. It was present in the Enlightenment's philosophies of history. As a goal, social progress has been advocated by varying realms of political ideologies with different theories on how it is to be achieved.
Sauterelle
The Arbalète sauterelle type A, or simply Sauterelle ([so.tʁɛl] French for grasshopper), was a bomb-throwing crossbow used by French and British forces on the Western Front during World War I. It was designed to throw a hand grenade in a high trajectory into enemy trenches. It was initially dismissed by the French Army but General Henri Berthelot thought it had practical value.

It was lighter and more portable than the Leach Trench Catapult, but less powerful. It weighed 24 kg (53 lb) and could throw an F1 grenade or Mills bomb 110–140 m (120–150 yd).

The Sauterelle replaced the Leach Catapult in British service until they were replaced in 1916 by the 2 inch Medium Trench Mortar and Stokes mortar.

2-inch medium mortar
The 2 inch medium trench mortar, also known as the 2-inch howitzer, and nicknamed the "toffee apple" or "plum pudding" mortar, was a British smooth bore muzzle loading (SBML) medium trench mortar in use in World War I from mid-1915 to mid-1917. The designation "2-inch" refers to the mortar barrel, into which only the 22 in (560 mm) bomb shaft but not the bomb itself was inserted; the spherical bomb itself was actually 9 in (230 mm) in diameter and weighed 42 lb (19 kg), hence this weapon is more comparable to a standard mortar of approximately 5–6 in (130–150 mm) bore.
Bernie Whitebear
Bernie Whitebear (September 27, 1937 – July 16, 2000), birth name Bernard Reyes, was an  American Indian activist in Seattle, Washington, a co-founder of the Seattle Indian Health Board (SIHB), the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation, and the Daybreak Star Cultural Center, established on 20 acres of land acquired for urban Indians in the city.

Powwow
A powwow (also pow wow or pow-wow) is a gathering with dances held by many Native American and Canadian First Nations communities. Inaugurated in 1923, powwows today are an opportunity for Indigenous people to socialize, dance, sing, and honor their cultures. Powwows may be private or public, indoors or outdoors. Dancing events can be competitive with monetary prizes. Powwows vary in length from single-day to weeklong events.

In mainstream American culture, such as 20th-century Western movies or by military personnel, the term powwow was used to refer to any type of meeting. This usage is now considered by some Native Americans to be an offensive case of appropriation because of the cultural significance powwows hold.
MES207
MES207 is a drug used in scientific research which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the neuropeptide FF receptor NPFF1, with 17x selectivity over the closely related receptor NPFF2. It prevented opioid-induced hyperalgesia in animal models.

Hyperalgesia
Hyperalgesia (/ˌhaɪpərælˈdʒiːziə/ or /-siə/; hyper from  Greek ὑπέρ (huper) 'over' + -algesia from Greek ἄλγος (algos) 'pain') is an abnormally increased sensitivity to pain, which may be caused by damage to nociceptors or peripheral nerves and can cause hypersensitivity to stimulus. Prostaglandins E and F are largely responsible for sensitizing the nociceptors. Temporary increased sensitivity to pain also occurs as part of sickness behavior, the evolved response to infection.
Flying arch
In architecture or civil engineering, a flying arch is a form of arch bridge that does not carry any vertical load, but is provided solely to supply outward horizontal forces, to resist an inwards compression. They are used across cuttings, to avoid them collapsing inwards.

Retaining wall
Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would not naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope). They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of inconveniently steep terrain in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses. A retaining wall that retains soil on the backside and water on the frontside is called a seawall or a bulkhead.
Samer Abu Hawwash
Samer Abu Hawwash (born 1972) is a Palestinian writer and translator. He was born in Lebanon to a Palestinian refugee family. He has published around ten volumes of poetry, starting with his debut collection Life is Printed in New York (1997). He is also a prolific translator of English-language fiction and non-fiction. Among his notable translations are works by Charles Bukowski, Langston Hughes, Jack Kerouac, Yann Martel, Hanif Kureishi, Denis Johnson and Marilynne Robinson.

He lives in the UAE.

Denis Johnson
Denis Hale Johnson (July 1, 1949 – May 24, 2017) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and poet. He is perhaps best known for his debut short story collection, Jesus' Son (1992). His most successful novel, Tree of Smoke (2007), won the National Book Award for Fiction. Johnson was twice shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Altogether, Johnson was the author of  nine novels, one novella, two books of short stories, three collections of poetry, two collections of plays, and one book of reportage. His final work, a book of short stories titled The Largesse of the Sea Maiden, was published posthumously in 2018. Ted Geltner's biography of the writer, Flagrant, Self-Destructive Gestures, appeared in late 2025.
Abutilon
Abutilon /əˈbjuːtɪlɒn/ is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. General common names include Indian mallow and velvetleaf; ornamental varieties may be known as room maple, parlor maple, or flowering maple.
The genus name is an 18th-century Neo-Latin word that came from the Arabic ’abū-ṭīlūn (أبو طيلون),  the name given by Avicenna to this or a similar genus.

The type species is Abutilon theophrasti. Several species formerly placed in Abutilon, including the cultivated species and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", have recently (2012, 2014) been transferred to the new genus Callianthe.

Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers
Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers (26 December 1816 in Mühlhausen – 18 June 1853 in Berlin) was a German botanist. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Walp. when citing a botanical name.

He received his education at the Universities of Greifswald and Breslau, earning his habilitation in 1848 at Berlin. He died on 18 June 1853 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

The plant genus Walpersia (synonym Phyllota) is named after him.
Canton of Narbonne-1
The canton of Narbonne-1 is an administrative division of the Aude department, southern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Narbonne.

It consists of the following communes:

Bizanet

Montredon-des-Corbières

Narbonne (partly)

Névian

Villedaigne

Aude
Aude (/oʊd/ OHD; French: [od] ⓘ; Occitan: [ˈawðe]) is a department in southern France, located in Occitania and named after the river Aude. The departmental council also calls it "Cathar Country" (French: Pays cathare) after a group of religious dissidents active in the 12th to 14th centuries.

Its prefecture is Carcassonne and its subprefectures are Limoux and Narbonne. As of 2019, it had a population of 374,070. Aude is a frequent feminine French given name in Francophone countries, deriving initially from Aude or Oda, a wife of Bertrand, Duke of Aquitaine, and mother of Eudo, brother of Saint Hubertus. Aude was the name of Roland's fiancée in the chansons de geste.
Mount Laojun (Yunnan)
Laojun Mountain (Chinese: 老君山; pinyin: Lǎojūn Shān) is a mountain in the northwest part of Yunnan Province, China. It is part of the Laojun Mountain region, which includes an area of 1,085 square kilometres (419 sq mi) with elevations ranging from 2,100 to 4,513 metres (6,890 to 14,806 ft). The region includes four counties: Yulong, Jianchuan, Lanping, and Weixi. The western part of the region adjoins the Lancang River, while the eastern part is contiguous with the Jinsha River. The region was included in the Three Parallel Rivers UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, and the Laojun Mountain National Park was announced in January 2009.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
East Atlantic peacock wrasse
The East Atlantic peacock wrasse (Symphodus tinca) is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Spain to Morocco and in the coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.  This species lives around rocks surrounded by eelgrass and can also be found in brackish waters in lagoons.  It occurs at depths from 1 to 50 m (3.3 to 164.0 ft).  This species can reach 44 cm (17 in) in standard length, though most grow no larger than 25 cm (9.8 in).  This species is sought as a game fish and is also important to local peoples as a food fish.  It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into eight subfamilies.

They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera Bodianus, Epibulus, Cirrhilabrus, Oxycheilinus, and Paracheilinus hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and Heliofungia actiniformis.
Boronia galbraithiae
Boronia galbraithiae, commonly known as the aniseed boronia or Galbraith's boronia, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to a small area in Victoria. It is an erect, woody, fennel-scented, hairless shrub with pinnate leaves and white to deep pink, four-petalled flowers arranged in groups in the leaf axils.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Into Battle (play)
Into Battle is a stage play written by Hugh Salmon, which received its premiere at the Greenwich Theatre in London in October 2021.

The play tells the story of a bitter feud between the privileged Old Etonians at Balliol College, Oxford and a more socially aware group of non-Etonians during the run-up to the First World War. Into Battle features a number of historical characters including the wealthy socialite Ettie Grenfell, Baroness Desborough; her two sons Julian Grenfell (after whose poem the play is named) and Billy Grenfell; Patrick Shaw-Stewart, another war poet; Ronald Poulton, the distinguished rugby player; and the respected theologian Reverend Neville Talbot.

Neville Talbot
Neville Stuart Talbot MC (21 August 1879 – 3 April 1943) was Bishop of Pretoria in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa and later a robust vicar of St Mary's Church, Nottingham and assistant Bishop of Southwell who turned down the chance to be Bishop of Croydon. He was born at Keble College, Oxford, and died at Henfield, Sussex.
The Ruins of Nîmes, Orange and Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
The Ruins of Nîmes, Orange and Saint-Rémy-de-Provence is a 1789 oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Hubert Robert, now in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. It combines the ruins shown in his Principal Monuments of France series, with the Maison Carrée to the left, the Triumphal Arch of Orange and Nîmes' Temple of Diana to the right and the Pont du Gard, the Triumphal Arch of Glanum and the Glanum Mausoleum in the far background.

In accordance with many of his paintings, if the architectural reality is measured in the details of the ruins,"Robert of the Ruins" cheerfully mixes the places to make an imaginary space of fantasy.

Pont du Gard
The Pont du Gard is an ancient Roman aqueduct bridge built in the first century AD to carry water over 50 km (31 mi) to the Roman colony of Nemausus (Nîmes). It crosses the river Gardon near the town of Vers-Pont-du-Gard in southern France. The Pont du Gard is one of the best preserved  Roman aqueduct bridges. It was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage sites in 1985 because of its exceptional preservation, historical importance, and architectural ingenuity.