hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fitchia nutans
Fitchia nutans is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the island of Tahiti in the Society Islands of French Polynesia. The species was first described by British botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1845.

Joseph Dalton Hooker
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For 20 years he served as director of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, succeeding his father, William Jackson Hooker, and was awarded the highest honours of British science.
Lake Patarcocha
Lake Patarcocha is a lake in Peru located in the Huánuco Region, Lauricocha Province, Cauri District at a height of about 4,130 m. It lies in the north-east of Raura mountain range, north-west of lakes Tinquicocha and Chuspi. Lake Patarcocha is 2.75 km long and 1 km at its widest point.

Department of Huánuco
Huánuco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwanuko]; Quechua: Wanuku) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the La Libertad, San Martín, Loreto and Ucayali departments in the north, Ucayali to the east, Pasco to the south and Lima and Ancash to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huánuco.

Huánuco has a rugged topography, comprising parts of the Sierra and the High Jungle (mountain rim) regions. Being equidistant from the north and the south of the country, it has the privilege of having a mild weather with an average annual temperature of 20 °C (68 °F).

This region is important for its geographical location, history, and for the richness of its land, where the presence of man goes back to ancient times. El Hombre de Lauricocha (Man of Lauricocha) is among the most distinctive examples, dating from 10,000 BC, as well as Kotosh, where vestiges of the oldest settlement in the Americas (4200 BC) took place.
Hannah Skoda
Hannah Sarah Skoda (née Wheeler; born 30 June 1981) is a British historian of Europe in the late medieval period. She is Associate Professor of Medieval History at the University of Oxford and Fellow and Tutor in History at St John's College.

History and Theory
History and Theory is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of Wesleyan University. The journal was established in 1960 by George H Nadel. Its current editor-in-chief is Ethan Kleinberg (Wesleyan University). The journal focuses on the nature of history, including the philosophy of history, historiography, historical methodology, critical theory, and time and culture.
Protea compacta
Protea compacta is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. It is similar to Protea eximia. Its distribution is from the Kleinmond to Bredasdorp Mountains in South Africa and is one of the best known proteas in the cut flower industry. Its leaves curve upward.

Floriculture
Floriculture (from  Latin: floris + culture) is the study of the efficient production of the plants that produce showy, colourful and even edible flowers and foliage. It is a commercially successful branch of horticulture and agriculture found throughout the world. Efficient production practices have been developed over the years, for the hundreds of plant taxa used in the floral industry, increasing the overall knowledge of whole plant biology. Plant breeding and selection have produced tens of thousands of new genotypes for human use.
Sophie Smith
Sophie Smith (born 26 February 1986) is an Australian water polo player. Her position of choice is centre back/drive. She has played for the Victorian Tigers and the Queensland Breakers in the National Water Polo League. She has represented Australia in water polo on the junior and senior level, winning a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2005 FINA Junior World Championships and at the 2010 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup.

Queensland Thunder
The Queensland Thunder is an Australian club water polo team that competes in the National Water Polo League.  They have a men's team and a women's team and are based in Brisbane.

The Queensland Thunder was formed in 2018 after a Water Polo Australia review required the two Brisbane based teams – the Queensland Breakers and the Brisbane Barracudas – to form a single entity.
Gianfranco Parolini
Gianfranco Parolini (20 February 1925 in Rome, Italy – 26 April 2018 in Rome, Italy) was an Italian film director. He is often credited as Frank Kramer. Among his films are The Sabata Trilogy, several sword and sandal films, most of the Kommissar X films and a number of Spaghetti Westerns.

He claimed to have written over 100 thriller novels before becoming an assistant to Giuseppe Amato.

Giuseppe Amato
Giuseppe Amato (born Giuseppe Vasaturo; 24 August 1899 – 3 February 1964) was an Italian film producer, screenwriter and director. He produced 58 films between 1932 and 1961, and is especially known for Bicycle Thieves. 
He was born in Naples and died in Rome from a heart attack.
Alan Naniyev
Alan Naniyev (born (1978-10-03)3 October 1978 in Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya Respublika, Russia) is a Russian born Azerbaijani male weightlifter, competing in the 105 kg category and representing Azerbaijan at international competitions. He participated at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 105 kg event. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships.

Weightlifting at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 105 kg
The men's 105 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece took place at the Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall on 24 August.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
Serhii Polyakov
Serhii Vasylyovych Polyakov (Ukrainian: Сергій Васильович Поляков; born  January 23, 1953) is a Ukrainian engineer and politician, former head of the Donetsk Oblast Administration,  Minister of Environmental Protection of Ukraine (2003–2005), Minister of Coal Industry of Ukraine (1995–1996), member of Verkhovna Rada, associated with the political party Hromada.

Hromada (political party)
All-Ukrainian Association "Community" (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнське об'єднання «Громада», romanized: Vseukrayins'ke ob'iednannia «Hromada»), often simply known as Hromada, is a Ukrainian political party registered in March 1994 and reregistered in March 2005. The party's leader was formerly Prime Minister of Ukraine Pavlo Lazarenko.

The party was present in the Verkhovna Rada from 1998 to 2002. Since then, it has unsuccessfully participated in national elections. It has not participated in national elections since the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election.
Trond Heggestad
Trond Heggestad (born 3 January 1978) is a retired Norwegian football striker.

In 1996 he played for Balestrand in the Seventh Division, the eighth tier of Norwegian football, before joining Sogndal's youth system in 1997. From 1998 he played for the senior team, albeit without league goals. Following an unsuccessful spell in Viking, he played in Bergen for Åsane and Løv-Ham before settling in Austevoll IK.

Løv-Ham Fotball
Løv-Ham Fotball is a football club from Fyllingsdalen in Bergen, Norway. Its origins are two local sports teams in Fyllingsdalen called Løvåsen and Hamre. On 29 December 1975 those clubs were merged, choosing the name Løv-Ham. In March 1999 Løv-Ham was divided into a football division, Løv-Ham Fotball, and a handball division, Løv-Ham Håndball.

Løv-Ham is most notable as a football club, with more than 600 members. The senior football team played in 1. divisjon, the second tier of Norwegian football from 2005 until 2011 1. divisjon. After the 2011 season, Løv-Ham merged with Fyllingen to create FK Fyllingsdalen, and for a period the club only existed at a junior level. The club later started playing senior football again, and is currently playing in the sixth tier of Norwegian football.
Copernicia
Copernicia is a genus of palms native to South America and the Greater Antilles. Of the known species and nothospecies (hybrids), 22 of the 27 are endemic to Cuba. They are fan palms (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with the leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The species are small to medium-sized trees growing to 5–30 m tall, typically occurring close to streams and rivers in savanna habitats. The genus is named after the  astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. In some of the species, the leaves are coated with a thin layer of wax, known as carnauba wax.

Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic solids that are  malleable near ambient temperatures.  They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low viscosity liquids. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane, benzene and chloroform.  Natural waxes of various types are produced by plants and animals and occur in petroleum.
Orit Abramovitz
Orit Abramovitz (Hebrew: אורית אברמוביץ) also spelt Abramovich, is an Israeli high jumper.

She won a gold medal in the high jump at the 1973 Asian Athletics Championships with a leap of 1,68 meters.

She won a gold medal in the high jump at the 1974 Asian Games with a leap of 1.78 meters. At that time she was 17 years old and lived in Netanya.

In 2010 she was awarded an honorary medal by the Knesset "for activities and achievements in athletics".

Netanya
Netanya (Hebrew: נתניה, IPA: [netanˈja]), or Natanya (IPA: [naˈtanja]), is a city in the Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 kilometres (20 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (35 mi) south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north.

Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. The 14 km (8+1⁄2 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort.

In 2023, Netanya had a population of 233,485, ranking it as the 7th largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within ten kilometres (six miles) of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor was Miriam Feirberg, who died in 2025.
Shekhanya
Shekhanya (Hebrew: שְׁכַנְיָה) is a community settlement in northern Israel. It is named after a priest family from the Bible (2 Chronicles 24:11). Located in the Galilee between Karmiel and Shefar'am, it falls under the jurisdiction of Misgav Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 727.

Shefa-Amr
Shefa-Amr or Shefar'am (Arabic: شفاعمرو, romanized: Šafāʻamru; Hebrew: שְׁפַרְעָם, romanized: Šəfarʻam) is an Arab city in the Northern District of Israel. In 2023 it had a population of 43,408 with a Sunni Muslim majority and large Christian Arab and Druze minorities.
Association for the Study of Nationalities
The Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN) is an academic association dedicated to the promotion of knowledge and understanding of ethnicity, nationalism, and ethnic conflict broadly, with a particular geographic focus on Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, Russia, Ukraine, the Caucasus, and Eurasia. ASN is based at New York's Columbia University. It publishes Nationalities Papers and, in collaboration with the Specialist Group on Ethnopolitics of the Political Studies Association, Ethnopolitics.

The ASN organises an Annual World Convention at the Harriman Institute, Columbia University and periodic European conferences. ASN awards annually the Joseph Rothschild Prize in Nationalism and Ethnic Studies to an outstanding book published in the previous calendar year on Russia, Eastern Europe or Eurasia in which substantial attention is paid to questions of ethnicity and/or nationalism; Doctoral Student Awards; and the ASN Documentary Film Audience Award.

Harriman Institute
The Harriman Institute, the first academic center in the United States devoted to the interdisciplinary study of Russia and the Soviet Union, was founded at Columbia University in 1946, with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, as the Russian Institute.
Roland Baumann
Roland Baumann (born 19 November 1992) is an Austrian politician and member of the National Council. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he has represented Greater Linz since October 2024.

Baumann was born on 19 November 1992 in Rohrbach-Berg and grew up in Hofkirchen im Mühlkreis. He was an apprentice mechanical engineer at Voestalpine in Linz from 2009 to 2013 and has worked there since then. He has been a member of the works council at Voestalpine since 2017. He also trained at the Chamber for Workers and Employees (AK) for Upper Austria, in the Future Academy (2016–2017) and in the Social Academy (2019–2020).

Baumann has been active in politics since his youth and in 2013 became chairman of the youth wing of the PRO-GE trade union in Upper Austria. He has been a member of the municipal council in Linz since 2021. He was elected to the National Council at the 2024 legislative election.

Chamber for Workers and Employees
The Chamber of Labour (German: Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte, shortform Arbeiterkammer or AK), is an organisation that represents the interests of 4 million Austrian employees and consumers. Membership is compulsory for all employees working in Austria, and it is thus not to be confused with Austrian labour unions, where membership is voluntary and which are organized in an umbrella organisation, the ÖGB. Together, the ÖGB and the Arbeiterkammer represent the interests of employees in the Austrian system of Sozialpartnerschaft ("Social Partnership"), which plays a major role in the regulation of wages and prices.

The Austrian Chamber of Labour is based on the nine Chambers of labour for each federal state in Austria. The president of the Chamber of Labour for Vienna is also the president of the Austrian Chamber of Labour. Since 27 April 2018, Renate Anderl has been President of the Chamber of Labour.
Khandoker Mohammad Nurunnabi
Khandoker Mohammad Nurunnabi (31 July 1946 – 8 December 2016) was a Bangladesh Army Major General who served in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. He was awarded the National Sports Awards in 2002, for his contribution to Bangladeshi football as a member of the Shadhin Bangla football team.

National Sports Awards (Bangladesh)
The National Sports Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth and Sports of the government of Bangladesh for specific contributions in the field of games and sports. The award was introduced in 1976. As of 2011, total 175 sports personalities won the award.
Ellen Broselow
Ellen Broselow (born 1949) is an experimental linguist specializing in second language acquisition and phonology. Since 1983, she has been on the faculty of SUNY Stony Brook University, where she has held the position of Professor of Linguistics since 1993.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
Chaophraya Mahithon
Chaophraya Mahithon (July 2, 1874 – May 8, 1956), personal name La-or Krairiksh, was a former Privy Councilor during the reign of King Prajadhipok, former Royal Secretary, former Minister of Justice, and former President of the Supreme Court.

Ministry of Justice (Thailand)
The Ministry of Justice (Abrv: MOJ; Thai: กระทรวงยุติธรรม, RTGS: Krasuang Yutti Tham) is a cabinet ministry in the Government of Thailand. The ministry is in charge of the criminal justice system in the kingdom. As well as running prisons and aiding the Royal Thai Police, the ministry also runs the government's drug and narcotic control policies. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Justice, Tawee Sodsong. Its fiscal year 2020 budget is 26,757 million baht.
Llaingarreglwyd
Llaingarreglwyd is a hamlet in the  community of Llanarth, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 70 miles (112.6 km) from Cardiff and 185.3 miles (298.1 km) from London. Llaingarreglwyd is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Elin Jones
Elin Jones (born 1 September 1966), PC  MS is a Welsh politician who has served as the Llywydd of the Senedd since 2016. A member of Plaid Cymru, Jones has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ceredigion since 1999.
York Arms
The York Arms is an historic building in the English city of York, North Yorkshire. It was designed by James Pigott Pritchett. Part of a seven-unit row (24–36 High Petergate) that is a Grade II listed structure dating to 1838, it faces south at 26 High Petergate. These units are sandwiched between early-18th-century properties. The rear of the properties to the north, on Precentor's Court, are also part of the listing. They were originally residences for canons of the adjacent York Minster.

Petergate
Petergate is a street in the city centre of York, in England.  It is divided into High Petergate and Low Petergate. The well-known view of the Minster from Low Petergate is described by the City of York Council as "excellent".
Ingimundr (tenth century)
Ingimundr, also known as Hingamund, Igmunt, Ingimund, was a tenth century Viking warlord. In 902, Irish sources record that the Vikings were driven from Dublin. It is almost certainly in the context of this exodus that Ingimundr appears on record. He is recorded to have led the abortive settlement of Norsemen on Anglesey, before being driven out from there as well. He appears to have then led his folk to the Wirral peninsula, where the English allowed him to settle his followers. Ingimundr's invasion of Anglesey may be the most notable Viking attack in Welsh history.

De Gruyter Brill
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter Brill (German: [də ˈɡʁɔʏtɐ]), is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.

Known as De Gruyter until 2024, it merged its operations with those of the Dutch publisher Brill Publishers, forming De Gruyter Brill.
Kimberly Clausing
Kimberly Clausing is an American economist. She is the Eric M. Zolt Chair in Tax Law and Policy at the UCLA School of Law and a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. From 2021 to 2022, she was the deputy assistant secretary for tax analysis at the United States Department of the Treasury. Clausing is known for her work on international trade and tax policy, particularly the taxation of multinational corporations.

Peterson Institute for International Economics
The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), known until 2006 as the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981 and has been led by Adam S. Posen since 2013. PIIE conducts research, provides policy recommendations, and publishes books and articles on a wide range of topics related to the US economy and international economics.

According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), PIIE ranked number 20 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".
Isington
Isington is a hamlet in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It lies just south of the A31 road, a mile (1.6 km) southwest of the village of Bentley and four miles (6.4 km) northeast of the market town of Alton. At the 2011 Census the Post Office confirm that the population was included in the civil parish of Binsted.

The nearest railway station is Bentley, 1.1 miles (1.8 km) east of the hamlet.

Isington Mill was the home of Field Marshal The 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein.

Bentley, Hampshire
Bentley is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. The parish has changed little over centuries and currently measures 2,299 acres (9.30 km2), the same size it measured in 1875: 33  when the population was 731 The village is north of the A31 road between Farnham and Alton, about five miles (8 km) southwest of Farnham and six miles (10 km) northeast of Alton. The village is served by Bentley railway station, which is about one mile (1.6 km) to the south, in the parish of Binsted against Alice Holt Forest.

There is one pub in the village, The Star Inn & a large village shop complete with cafe and a Post Office.
Pergolide
Pergolide, sold under the brand name Permax and Prascend (veterinary) among others, is an ergoline-based dopamine receptor agonist used in some countries for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with reduced dopamine synthesis in the substantia nigra of the brain. Pergolide acts on many of the same receptors as dopamine to increase receptor activity.

It was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use in 1989. In 2007, pergolide was withdrawn from the U.S. market for human use after several published studies revealed a link between the drug and increased rates of valvular heart disease. However, a veterinary form of pergolide, marketed under the trade name Prascend, is permitted for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) also known as equine Cushing's syndrome (ECS) in horses.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Angel season 3
The third season of the television series Angel, the spin-off of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, premiered on September 24, 2001, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 20, 2002. The season aired in a new timeslot, Mondays at 9:00 pm ET. This was the first season where Angel and Buffy did not air on the same network, as Buffy had moved to the UPN network beginning with its sixth season.

Tim Minear
Timothy P. Minear  (/maɪˈniːr/; born October 29, 1963) is an American screenwriter and director. He has been nominated for four Emmy Awards  (2013, 2014, 2015, 2017) for his role as an executive producer on American Horror Story and Feud.