hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great Comet of 1556
The Great Comet of 1556 (designated C/1556 D1 in modern nomenclature) was a comet that first appeared in February 1556, and which was observed throughout much of Europe. The comet appears to have been seen in some places before the end of February, but it was not generally observed until the middle of the first week in March. Its apparent diameter was equal to half that of the Moon, and the tail was said  to resemble "the flame of a torch agitated by the wind." Cornelius Gemma (the son of Gemma Frisius) said that the head of the comet, when it first appeared, was as large as Jupiter, and that its color resembled that of Mars.

The course of the comet of 1556 was observed by Paul Fabricius, a mathematician and physician at the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

According to NASA, the comet was first reported on 27 February 1556. It was in perigee on 13 March and in perihelion on 22 April.

Gemma Frisius
Gemma Frisius (/ˈfrɪziəs/; born Jemme Reinerszoon; December 9, 1508 – May 25, 1555) was a Dutch physician, mathematician, cartographer, philosopher, and instrument maker. He created important globes, improved the mathematical instruments of his day and applied mathematics in new ways to surveying and navigation. Gemma's rings, an astronomical instrument, are named after him. Along with Gerardus Mercator and Abraham Ortelius, Frisius is often considered one of the founders of the Netherlandish school of cartography, and significantly helped lay the foundations for the school's golden age (approximately 1570s–1670s).
2012 World Series of Poker
The 2012 World Series of Poker was the 43rd annual World Series of Poker (WSOP). It was held at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada, between May 27 and July 16, 2012, with the final table of the Main Event delayed until late October.

There were 61 bracelet events, culminating in the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event beginning on July 7. From 2008 through 2011, Main Event final tables were delayed until November. However, due to the 2012 U.S. presidential election, this year's final table was delayed until October 29, with heads-up play commencing the following day.

New tournament formats introduced in the 2012 WSOP included a re-entry tournament, an ante only tournament, a mixed max tournament (in which the number of players per table changes at set times during the tournament), and a four-handed tournament.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Geir Karlsen (footballer)
Geir Sigurd Karlsen (18 September 1948 – 26 July 2024) was a Norwegian footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Karlsen's first club was Skidar, a local club in Skien, Norway. He made his debut for Odd in 1966, and stayed there until he joined Rosenborg BK in 1970. While at Rosenborg, he won the Norwegian league and cup double in 1971.

He won one cap with Norway while playing for Odd, and was capped 32 times in total. In 1980, he returned to Odd after spells with Dunfermline Athletic and Vålerengen.

Karlsen retired as a player in 1984. He died from cancer on 26 July 2024, at the age of 75.

Vålerenga Fotball
Vålerenga Fotball (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ) is a Norwegian professional football club from Oslo, and a part of the multi-sport club Vålerengens IF. The club currently competes in the Eliteserien after being promoted from the Norwegian First Division in 2024. Founded in 1913, the club is named after the neighbourhood of Vålerenga. Vålerenga's home ground is Intility Arena, located in Valle-Hovin. Vålerenga are five-time league champions and four-time Norwegian Football Cup champions, having last won the league in 2005 and the cup in 2008. Vålerenga is generally considered to be the largest football club in Oslo, and they are known for their loyal supporters.
Erie National Wildlife Refuge
The Erie National Wildlife Refuge is an 8,777-acre (3,552 ha) National Wildlife Refuge located in Crawford County, Pennsylvania. Named after the Erie tribe, it was established to provide waterfowl and other migratory birds with nesting, feeding, brooding, and resting habitat.

The refuge consists of two separate land divisions. The 5,206-acre (2,107 ha) Sugar Lake Division is closest to Guys Mills, Pennsylvania and is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) east of Meadville. The Seneca Division, consisting of 3,571 acres (1,445 ha), is 10 miles (16 km) north of the Sugar Lake Division and borders French Creek near Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania.

The Erie National Wildlife Refuge was designated an Important Bird Area by the National Audubon Society because of the diversity of habitat it provides to the approximate 237 species of birds attracted to the refuge.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax
George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, PC, DL, FRS (11 November 1633 – 5 April 1695) was an English statesman and writer. He sat in the House of Commons of England in 1660 before being elevated to the House of Lords in 1668.

Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.
Guy Mardel
Guy Mardel (French pronunciation: [gi maʁdɛl], born Mardochée Elkoubi; 30 June 1944, in Oran, French Algeria) is a French singer, best known for his participation in the 1965 Eurovision Song Contest.

Mardel lived his first 15 years in Algeria before moving to France in 1959. He later enrolled in law school, while singing recreationally with a jazz band. He signed a contract with AZ Records in 1963 and released two singles before being chosen internally by channel ORTF in 1965 to represent France in that year's Eurovision Song Contest with the song "N'avoue jamais" ("Never admit"). At the contest, held in Naples on 20 March, "N'avoue jamais" finished in third place of the 18 entries. The single record was reportedly sold 400 000 times.

Mardel was unable to capitalise on his Eurovision success, despite releasing many singles until the 1980s. In the 1970s he moved into record production, setting up his own record label, MM, in 1977. Mardel now lives in Jerusalem.

Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française
The Office de radiodiffusion-télévision française (French pronunciation: [ɔfis də ʁadjodifyzjɔ̃ televizjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; ORTF; transl. French Broadcasting and Television Office, or French Radio and Television Broadcasting Office) was the national agency charged, between 1964 and 1975, with providing public radio and television in France.  All programming, especially news broadcasts, were under the strict control of the national government.
Eddie Epstein
Eddie Epstein is one of the pioneers of the modern age of baseball analysis, or sabermetrics.  He was Director of Research and Statistics for the Baltimore Orioles from 1988 to 1994 and Director of Baseball Operations for the San Diego Padres from 1995 to 1999.  He was President of his own baseball consulting company, EBC, Inc., from 2000 to 2011 and in that role consulted on baseball operations and player personnel matters for several major league teams, including the Cleveland Indians, Oakland A's, and Tampa Bay Rays. He wrote the 1995 STATS Minor League Scouting Notebook, co-authored Baseball Dynasties with Rob Neyer, and wrote Dominance - the subject of which was the greatest NFL teams since 1950. The Wall Street Journal review of Dominance claimed that the book was, "Without a doubt the best book on pro football analysis ever written."

Sabermetrics
Sabermetrics (originally SABRmetrics)  is the original or blanket term for sports analytics for the empirical analysis of baseball, especially the development of advanced metrics based on baseball statistics that measure in-game activity. The term is derived from the movement's progenitors, members of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), founded in 1971, and was coined by Bill James, 
(in 1980, according to SABR.org), who is one of its pioneers and considered its most prominent advocate and public face.

The term moneyball refers to the use of metrics to identify "undervalued players" and sign them to what ideally will become "below market value" contracts; it began as an effort by small-market teams to compete with the much greater resources of big-market ones.
Arthur Lawson (police officer)
Arthur S. Lawson, Jr. is the chief of police of the Louisiana city of Gretna. He is primarily known for his controversial actions in preventing New Orleans residents from entering Gretna via the Crescent City Connection during and after Hurricane Katrina.

Gretna, Louisiana
Gretna is the second-largest city in, and parish seat of, Jefferson Parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Gretna lies on the west bank of the Mississippi River, just east and across the river from uptown New Orleans. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area. The population was 17,814 at the 2020 U.S. census.
Ulmus americana 'Jefferson'
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Jefferson' was cloned from a tree growing near a path in front of the Freer Gallery of Art, close to the Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle") on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The United States National Park Service, which had planted the tree during the 1930s, cloned it in 1993 after screening tests showed that it possessed an outstanding level of tolerance to Dutch elm disease (DED).

In 2005, the Park Service and the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture jointly released the clone (formerly NPS 3–487) to the nursery trade as 'Jefferson'. The parent tree appears to have remained unscathed by DED in 2014.

Smithsonian Institution Building
The Smithsonian Institution Building, more commonly known as the Smithsonian Castle or simply The Castle, is a building on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., housing the Smithsonian Institution's administrative offices and information center. Built as the first Smithsonian museum building, it is constructed of Seneca red sandstone in the Norman Revival style (a recalling of a 12th-century combination of late Romanesque and early Gothic motifs; built in the Gothic and Romanesque revival styles). It was completed in 1855 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.
1932 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 1932 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 8, 1932. Incumbent Senator Hiram Bingham III ran for a second full term in office but was defeated by Democratic U.S. Representative Augustine Lonergan. This was the first time since 1879 that Democrats won this Senate seat, and the first since 1881 that they won either seat.

This was despite the fact that Connecticut was one of only six states President Herbert Hoover carried in his landslide defeat by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lonergan won the seat as one of eleven gains made by the Democrats in 1932.

Harry Morgan Ayres
Harry Morgan Ayres (October 6, 1881 – November 20, 1948) was a professor of English Literature at Columbia University an author, and editor. He edited The Reader's Dictionary of Authors including entries for Charles William Eliot, Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, and George Moore and also contributed to the Library of the World's Best Literature.

The English Journal Volume 13 described The Modern students book of English literature he compiled and wrote with Frederick Morgan Padelford and William David Howe as: "A brave effort to give something of every trope - even letters and a taste of modern critical and biographical prose." The description adds that the selection of early English material is "more adequate" than is usual.

He defended General Dwight Eisenhower's appointment at Columbia pointing to the scholarly quality of his Guidhall speech in London.

He wrote an essay on Modern American Tendencies for The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes.
The Passion of Dionysus
The Passion of Dionysus is the fifteenth album by New York heavy/power metal group Virgin Steele, released via SPV/Steamhammer worldwide on June 30, 2023.

The concept album tells the story of the Greek god Dionysus and his coming to Thebes to avenge the slander of his mother how it is described in Euripides' tragic play, The Bacchae. It explores the duality of the human emotional world between the rational and the irrational, thus taking up one of the most important themes of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

The album received mostly positive reviews, but was also met with some criticism. While many critics praised the complex compositions as well as the innovative songwriting, the production was often criticized for being too artificial. Paul Hutchings of Metaltalk.net called The Passion of Dionysus a "creative masterpiece".

With a duration of almost 13-minutes, "The Ritual of Descent" is the longest single track the band has ever released.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Noor Azman Ghazali
Noor Azman bin Ghazali is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Alor Pongsu since November 2022. He is a member of Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalitions. He was the younger brother of Noor Azmi Ghazali, the former MP for Bagan Serai.

Perak State Legislative Assembly
The Perak State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Perak) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Perak. It is composed of 59 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, along with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies.

The Assembly convenes at the Bangunan Perak Darul Ridzuan in the state capital, Ipoh. At 59 seats, it is the largest state assembly among the 11 legislatures of the States of Malaya.
Arpana Agrawal
Arpana Agrawal is a psychiatric geneticist and professor of psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine, known for researching the roles of genetic and environmental factors in cannabis use and addiction. She also serves as Co-Chair of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium working group on Substance Use Disorders. In 2018, she received the Theodore Reich Young Investigator Award from the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. She also received the Fuller/Scott Award from the Behavioral Genetics Association in 2010 and the Henri Begleiter Excellence in Research Award from the Research Society on Alcohol in 2022.

Research Society on Alcoholism
The Research Society on Alcohol (RSA) (formerly the Research Society on Alcoholism) is a learned society of over 1,500 active members based in Austin, Texas. Its objective is to advance research on alcohol use disorders (alcoholism) and the physiological and cognitive effects of alcohol.

The RSA holds an annual meeting, and together with the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, sponsors the publication of Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, published by Wiley-Blackwell.

RSA holds yearly elections for Vice President, Secretary, and five Board Member positions.
Phyllonorycter cerasicolella
Phyllonorycter cerasicolella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe, except northern Scandinavia.

The wingspan is 7–8 mm. The posterior tarsi are whitish. Forewings are golden-orange; a white median streak from base to near middle; dorsum narrowly white towards base; four costal and three dorsal shining white anteriorly blackish-margined wedge-shaped spots; a black apical strigula, edged above with white. Hindwings are grey. The larva is pale yellow; head dark brown or black; plate of segment 2 orange-yellow.

It is very similar to Phyllonorycter spinicolella and study of the genitalia is 
essential for determination.

There are two to three generations per year in western Europe.

The larvae feed on Prunus cerasifera, Prunus mahaleb and sometimes Prunus spinosa, as well as various cultivated Prunus species. Mines may also occur on Malus species when grown in proximity of cultivated Prunus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Prunus mahaleb
Prunus mahaleb, the St Lucie cherry or mahaleb cherry, is a species of cherry, native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, southwest Asia, and parts of central Asia. The tree is cultivated for a spice obtained from the seeds inside the cherry stones. The seeds have a fragrant scent and have a taste comparable to bitter almonds with cherry notes.
Clonony
Clonony (Irish: Cluain Damhna Beag) is a small village in County Offaly, Ireland. It is noted for Clonony Castle, a late medieval tower house  built in 1500. The village is between the River Brosna and the Grand Canal, in the parish of Gallen and Reynegh. The nearest town is  Cloghan, 2.8 km (1.7 mi) to the south-east along the R357 road. Athlone is 22 km (14 mi) to the north.

River Brosna
The River Brosna (Irish: An Bhrosnach) is a river within the Shannon River Basin in Ireland, flowing through County Westmeath and County Offaly.

The river rises in Lough Owel north of Mullingar and is a tributary of the River Shannon. It meets the Shannon at Shannon Harbour.

The River Brosna is 49.25 miles (79 km) in length.
Ravda Peak
Ravda Peak (Bulgarian: връх Равда, romanized: vrah Ravda, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈravdɐ]) is a rocky peak of elevation 664 m (2,178 ft) in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Situated on the side ridge projecting northwards from Levski Peak into Huron Glacier.  The peak was first ascended by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia on 21 December 2004.

The peak is named after the Black Sea settlement of Ravda, Bulgaria.

Lyubomir Ivanov (explorer)
Lyubomir Ivanov (Bulgarian: Любомир Иванов, born 7 October 1952 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian scientist, non-governmental activist, and Antarctic explorer.  He is a graduate of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia with M.S. degree in mathematics in 1977. He earned his PhD from Sofia University in 1980, under the direction of Dimiter Skordev with a dissertation titled Iterative Operative Spaces, and was the 1987 winner of Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.
Regner Leuhusen
Lieutenant General Friherre Regner Niels Carlsson Leuhusen (22 December 1900 – 10 March 1994) was a Swedish Army officer. Leuhusen served as commander of Värmland Regiment (1951–1953), and as Commanding General of the VII Military District (1957–1959) and the V Military District (1963–1966).

Svea Life Guards
59°30′56″N 17°46′10″E﻿ / ﻿59.51556°N 17.76944°E﻿ / 59.51556; 17.76944

The Svea Life Guards (Swedish: Svea livgarde), also I 1, was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that was active in various forms 1521–2000. The unit was based in the Stockholm Garrison in Stockholm and belonged to the King's Life and Household Troops (Kungl. Maj:ts Liv- och Hustrupper) until 1974.
Rule Supreme
Rule Supreme (foaled 28 February 1996) is a retired, Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing. During a racing career which lasted from May 2001 until December 2009 he won eleven of his forty-six races (including Grade I victories in three countries) and was placed on nineteen occasions. He showed some promise in his early career but emerged as a top-class performer in 2004 when he won the Royal & SunAlliance Chase at Cheltenham Racecourse in England and the Grande Course de Haies d'Auteuil at Auteuil Hippodrome in France. In the following year he won the Hennessy Gold Cup at Leopardstown Racecourse in Ireland. After his career in National Hunt races was ended by injury he had some success on the amateur Point-to-point circuit.

Reynoldstown Novices' Chase
The Reynoldstown Novices' Chase is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of about 3 miles (2 miles, 7 furlongs and 180 yards, or 4,790 metres), and during its running there are twenty fences to be jumped. The race is for novice chasers, and it is scheduled to take place each year in February.

The event is named in honour of the racehorse Reynoldstown, a dual winner of the Grand National in the 1930s. The Reynoldstown Novices' Chase serves as a trial for the RSA Insurance Novices' Chase in March. The last horse to win both races in the same year was O'Faolains Boy in 2014. The race is currently sponsored by Sodexo.
2000 Challenge Bell – Doubles
Amy Frazier and Katie Schlukebir were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Alina Jidkova and Tatiana Poutchek.

Nicole Pratt and Meghann Shaughnessy won the title, defeating Els Callens and Kimberly Po 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Alina Jidkova
Alina Vladimirovna Jidkova (Алина Владимировна Жидкова; born 18 January 1977) is a former professional tennis player from Russia. Throughout her career, she found success in both singles and doubles. Jidkova reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 51 in March 2005, achieving strong singles performances against top players. She defeated several high-ranked opponents, including Serena Williams at Generali Linz in 2004, and also claimed wins over Mary Pierce, Jelena Janković, and Samantha Stosur.

In doubles, she won a WTA title at the Mexican Open 2005 and reached three other WTA finals, including the Memphis Open 2003, Québec Open 2006, and Cincinnati Open 2007. Her doubles ranking peaked at No. 50 in August 2003.