hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nodoid
In differential geometry, a nodoid is a surface of revolution with constant nonzero mean curvature obtained by rolling a hyperbola along a fixed line, tracing the focus, and revolving the resulting nodary curve around the line.

Surface of revolution
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) one full revolution around an axis of rotation (normally not intersecting the generatrix, except at its endpoints).
The volume bounded by the surface created by this revolution is the solid of revolution.

Examples of surfaces of revolution generated by a straight line are cylindrical and conical surfaces depending on whether or not the line is parallel to the axis. A circle that is rotated around any diameter generates a sphere of which it is then a great circle, and if the circle is rotated around an axis that does not intersect the interior of a circle, then it generates a torus which does not intersect itself (a ring torus).
2002 Mnet Music Video Festival
The 2002 Mnet Music Video Festival (MMF) took place on November 29, 2002at the Little Angels Arts Center in Seoul, South Korea. The show's most awarded artist was BoA who won two out of her three nominations.

MAMA Awards
The MAMA Awards (Korean: 마마 어워즈, formerly Mnet Asian Music Awards) is a major music awards ceremony presented annually by entertainment company CJ ENM. First held in South Korea, the majority of prizes have been won by K-pop artists, although there are other Asian artists winning in various award categories, such as for Best Asian Artist and other professional-related awards.

The awards ceremony was first held in Seoul in 1999, being aired on Mnet. MAMA has also been held in various Asian countries and cities outside of South Korea since 2010 and now airs internationally online beyond Asia.
Philopator
Philopator (Greek: Φιλοπάτωρ), meaning "father-loving", was a common royal epithet among Hellenistic monarchs:

Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, King of Egypt

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, King of Egypt

Cleopatra VII Philopator, Queen of Egypt

Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar, son of Cleopatra VII and Julius Caesar

Arsinoe III Philopator, Queen of Egypt

Seleucus IV Philopator, Seleucid king

Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator, Seleucid king

Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Ariarathes IX Eusebes Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Ariobarzanes II Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Mithridates IV Philopator Philadelphos, King of Pontus

Strato III Soter Philopator, Indo-Greek king

It can also refer to:

Philopator I, Roman client king of Cilicia

Philopator II, Roman client king of Cilicia

Philopator (moth), a genus of moths in the family Zygaenidae

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Néos Philopátōr "Ptolemy the Father-loving [God]") was, ostensibly, a Ptolemaic king of Egypt. His identity and reign are controversial, and it is likely that he did not reign at all, but was only granted royal dignity posthumously. Depending on the historical reconstruction, he was a son of Cleopatra II of Egypt by either Ptolemy VI Philometor or Ptolemy VIII Physcon, with current scholarship leaning toward the second option.
Bootstrap Network
The Bootstrap Network is an organization of entrepreneurs founded in Austin, Texas in 2003 by Bijoy Goswami. The members, who are all founders of companies, give each other advice on building companies, the name referring to starting a company without outside financing, or 'bootstrapping'.

By 2006, the network had over 500 members in Austin and sister networks in 10 other cities in the US and India. By 2009, it had 1,000 members. Gary Hoover, founder of Hoover's and Bookstop has called Bootstrap Austin "among the most effective tools for entrepreneurs that I have ever seen - and I've seen a lot."

D&B Hoovers
D&B Hoovers was founded by Gary Hoover and Patrick Spain in 1990 as an American business research company that provided information on companies and industries through their primary product platform named "Hoover's". In 2003, it was acquired by Dun & Bradstreet and operated for a time as a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2017, the Hoover's product was re-branded D&B Hoovers. Dun & Bradstreet is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, US.
Désirée (given name)
Désirée, Desiree, Desirée or Desirae (with other variations possible)  is a feminine given name of French origin ultimately derived from the Latin word desiderata, meaning desired. Desideria, an early version of the name and a feminine form of Desiderius, was in use in Europe as early as the 800s. The Puritans used the name Desire as a virtue name.

The 5 Browns
The 5 Browns are a classical piano ensemble consisting of five siblings—two brothers and three sisters. Their repertoire ranges from beloved concert hall staples, such as Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, and Grieg's In the Hall of the Mountain King to lesser known works like Nico Muhly's Edge of the World and John Novacek's Reflections on Shenandoah. In addition to their work on five pianos, The 5 Browns perform and record works for solo piano, two pianos, and in various other combinations.
Gambia Armed Forces
The Gambia Armed Forces, also known as the Armed Forces of The Gambia, consists of three branches: the Gambia National Army (GNA), the Gambia Navy, and the Republican National Guard (RNG). It formerly included the Gambia National Gendarmerie (GNG) from the 1980s to 1996, when they were moved under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. The commander-in-chief is the president of the Gambia who is currently Adama Barrow, whereas practical control is exercised by the Chief of the Defence Staff who is currently Lieutenant General Yankuba Drammeh.

Minister of the Interior (The Gambia)
The minister of the interior is a cabinet position in the Gambia that oversees the Ministry of the Interior. The ministry is responsible for immigration, visas, the police force, the prison service and registering NGOs.
Mario Marefoschi
Mario Compagnoni Marefoschi (10 September 1714  – 23 December 1780) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

He was born in the Palazzo Compagnoni Marefoschi in Macerata, Italy. Pope Clement XIV made him a cardinal in pectore on 29 January 1770 and announced he had done so on 10 September 1770. He was assigned the titular church of Sant'Agostino on 12 December 1770.

He was appointed Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites and Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran in 1771 and held both posts until his death.

He participated in the papal conclave of 1774-1775 that elected Pope Pius VI.

Cardinal Prospero Marefoschi was his uncle.

Macerata
Macerata (Italian pronunciation: [matʃeˈraːta] ⓘ) is a city and comune in central Italy, the county seat of the province of Macerata in the Marche region. It has a population of about 41,564.

It is home to the University of Macerata (founded in 1290), making it one of Europe's oldest universities, specializing in humanities and social sciences, and located in a historic center with medieval walls.

One of the city's best-known landmarks is the Sferisterio, a large neoclassical open-air arena built in the 19th century, which later became a major venue for summer performances, including opera.
Aleksandrówka, Gmina Dalików, Łódź Voivodeship
Aleksandrówka [alɛksanˈdrufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dalików, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

51°55′34″N 19°01′34″E﻿ / ﻿51.92611°N 19.02611°E﻿ / 51.92611; 19.02611

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Levy Konigsberg
Levy Konigsberg is an American-based law firm that was established in 1985. The company is known for a number of high-profile cases in the United States. Its practice areas include asbestos litigation, qui tam, lead poisoning, sexual abuse, tobacco litigation, medical malpractice, and negligence. In 2015, Levy Konigsberg was recognized as one of the 50 Law Firms in the 2015 Elite Trial Lawyers list by The National Law Journal.

In March 2020, Levy Konigsberg announced plans to relocate its headquarters to 605 Third Avenue in Murray Hill.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
Botswana men's national under-16 basketball team
The Botswana national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of Botswana, administered by the Botswana Basketball Association (BBA).

It represents the country in international under-16 (under age 16) basketball competitions.

It appeared at the 2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship qualifying round.

2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship
The 2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship for Men (alternatively the Afrobasket U16) was the 4th U-16 FIBA Africa championship, organized by FIBA Africa and played under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball, the basketball sport governing body and qualified for the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship. The tournament was held from July 30 to August 8 at the Palais des sports à l’ACI 2000 in Bamako, Mali, contested by 11 national teams and won by Egypt.
Shimon Greenfeld
Shimon Greenfeld was born in Khust, Hungary, on 4 Cheshvan 5621 1860. His father, Yehudah Grunfeld, was rabbi of Bűdszentmihály (Tiszavasvári). He studied at the yeshivah of Harav Avraham Yehudah Schwartz, author of Kol Aryeh, in Berehove and was also a student of Rabbi Moshe Schick. He married at age 16 and later became a Dayan in Mukacheve.

Greenfeld succeeded his father as Av Beth Din of Bűdszentmihály in around 1907. His three volumes of responsa were published in Hebrew  'She'eilos U'Teshuvos Maharshag'.  He also authored Zehav Shva and Maharshag al HaTorah both of which are commentaries on the Torah.

Greenfeld died on 19 Shevat 5690 1930 at the age of 69.

Responsa
Responsa (plural of Latin responsum, 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars in historic religious law.
Nuthall Temple
Nuthall Temple in Nottinghamshire, one of England's lost houses, was one of five houses built in the United Kingdom generally said to have been inspired by Palladio's  Villa Capra in Vicenza.

Only two 18th century examples remain: Mereworth Castle and Chiswick House. Both are today conserved as Grade I listed buildings. The fourth, Foots Cray Place, was demolished in 1950 after a fire in 1949, while the fifth, Henbury Hall, was built in the 1980s.

Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio (/pəˈlɑːdioʊ/ pə-LAH-dee-oh; Italian: [anˈdrɛːa palˈlaːdjo]; Venetian: Andrea Paładio; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of the most influential individuals in the history of architecture. While he designed churches and palaces, he was best known for country houses and villas. His teachings, summarized in the architectural treatise, The Four Books of Architecture, gained him wide recognition.

The city of Vicenza, with its 23 buildings designed by Palladio, and his 24 villas in the Veneto are listed by UNESCO as part of a World Heritage Site named City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto. The churches of Palladio are to be found within the "Venice and its Lagoon" UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Epidendrum chlorocorymbos
Epidendrum chlorocorymbos is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native from central Mexico through Central America to Colombia. It was first described by Rudolf Schlechter in 1922.

Rudolf Schlechter
Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids.

He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America and Australia.

His vast herbarium was destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1945.
Lincoln Monument (Dixon, Illinois)
The Lincoln Monument is a bronze statue of Abraham Lincoln that commemorates his 1832 service in the Black Hawk War.  Located in President's Park in Dixon, Illinois, the bronze statue was sculpted by Leonard Crunelle and was dedicated on September 24, 1930.  The memorial is maintained by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency as a state historic site.

The inscription reads:
(On back of base, north side under relief of John Dixon:) 
JOHN DIXON
FOUNDER OF THE CITY OF DIXON
APRIL 11, 1830 - PROPRIETOR
OF THE FERRY AND TAVERN HERE
DURING THE BLACK HAWK WAR 
(Under relief of Ft. Dixon:) 
FORT DIXON IN 1832 
(Under relief of a tavern, wagon, and boat:) 
DIXON TAVERN AND FERRY 1830 
(Front of base:) 
LINCOLN

Leonard Crunelle
Leonard Crunelle (8 July 1872 in Lens, Pas-de-Calais – 10 September 1944 in Chicago) was a French-born American sculptor especially known for his sculptures of children. Crunelle immigrated with his family to the United States and worked as a coal miner in Decatur, Illinois.
Lorado Taft discovered him as a youth and brought him to Chicago where he was an apprentice to the sculptors decorating the 1893 World's Fair Horticultural Exhibit. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago with Taft.
Fabio da Silva Lopes
Fabio da Silva Lopes, commonly known as Fabio da Silva (born 9 January 1986), is a Portuguese rugby union football player. He plays as a Scrum-half.

He made his club debut in France where he played for Lyon from 2005 till 2008 where he signed for Villeurbanne for a season before moving to Saint-Étienne for 2 seasons. He currently plays for Bourgoin as of 2011 and has played 25 games for them scoring 4 tries.

CS Bourgoin-Jallieu
CS Bourgoin-Jallieu is a French rugby union club competing in the third level of the French league system, Nationale.

The club have been runners-up in the French championship and the French Cup competitions, and have won the Challenge Cup.

Founded in 1906 as "Club Sportif Bergusien". They play at Stade Pierre Rajon (capacity 9,441). They are based in Bourgoin-Jallieu in the Isère department in the province of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France.
The Impossible Elephant
The Impossible Elephant is a 2001 Canadian adventure comedy film directed by Martin Wood and written by Robert C. Cooper. The film premiered at the Sprockets Toronto International Film Festival for Children on April 20, 2001 and was later released on home media by the distributor Peace Arch Entertainment.

Peace Arch Entertainment
Peace Arch Entertainment ("PAE") (formerly known as Medco from 1981 until 1985 and Vidatron Entertainment from 1985 until 1999, stylized as PEACE ARCH) was a Canadian motion picture and television production company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with offices in Los Angeles and Vancouver. The company produced and acquired feature films and television programs for worldwide distribution. It got filed for bankruptcy and disestablished in 2013.
Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum
The Pierson–Moskowitz (PM) spectra is an empirical relationship that defines the distribution of energy with frequency within the ocean.

Developed in 1964 the PM spectrum is one of the simplest descriptions for the energy distribution. It assumes that if the wind blows steadily for a long time over a large area, then the waves will eventually reach a point of equilibrium with the wind. This is known as a fully developed sea. Pierson and Moskowitz developed their spectrum from measurements in the North Atlantic during 1964, and presented the following relationship between energy distribution and wind:
 The observations of Pierson and Moskowitz were carefully re-analyzed in a 2003 investigation, which confirmed some values and proposed new thresholds to the original observations.

Spectral energy distribution
A spectral energy distribution (SED) is a plot of energy versus frequency or wavelength of electromagnetic or mechanical radiation, most commonly light (not to be confused with a 'spectrum' of flux density vs frequency or wavelength).  It is used in many branches of astronomy to characterize astronomical sources.  For example, in radio astronomy they are used to show the emission from synchrotron radiation, free-free emission and other emission mechanisms.  In infrared astronomy, SEDs can be used to classify young stellar objects.
Area codes 313 and 679
Area codes 313 and 679 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) serving Detroit and most of its closest suburbs in Wayne County, Michigan. It includes the enclave cities Hamtramck and Highland Park, as well as Allen Park, Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Ecorse, the Grosse Pointe communities, Harper Woods, Inkster, Melvindale, Lincoln Park, Redford, River Rouge, and Taylor north of Goddard Road and east of Holland Road.

Area code 313 was assigned to all of Michigan in 1947, but has been reduced in geographical extent by area code splits. Area code 679 was added to the 313 numbering plan area in 2025, forming an overlay complex.

Ecorse, Michigan
Ecorse (/ˈiːkɒrs/ EE-korrss) is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 9,305 at the 2020 census.

Ecorse is part of the Downriver community within Metro Detroit.  The city shares a northwestern border with the city of Detroit and also borders the cities of Lincoln Park to the west, River Rouge to the north, and Wyandotte to the south.  The city shares its name with the Ecorse River, which forms its southern border with Wyandotte.  The Detroit River forms the city's eastern border as part of the Canada–United States border with LaSalle, Ontario.
If You Love Somebody
"If You Love Somebody" is a song written by Chris Farren and Jeffrey Steele, and recorded by American country music artist Kevin Sharp.  It was released in July 1997 as the third single from his debut album Measure of a Man. The song reached number 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in October 1997.

Measure of a Man (Kevin Sharp album)
Measure of a Man is the debut studio album by American country music artist Kevin Sharp. The debut single, "Nobody Knows" went to number one on both the American and Canadian country charts. The next two singles, "She's Sure Taking It Well" and If You Love Somebody" both charted in the top ten while the last single, "There's Only You" failed to reach the top 40. The album has been certified gold by both the RIAA and CRIA. John Batdorf of the 1970s duo Batdorf & Rodney performs background vocals on this album.
1965 Croke Cup
The 1965 Croke Cup was the 14th staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 2 May to 16 May 1965.

Limerick CBS were the defending champions.

The final was played on 16 May 1965 at Clonmel Sportsground, between St Kieran's College and Limerick CBS, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Kieran's College won the match by 6–09 to 6–01 to claim a record-equalling fifth Croke Cup title and a first title in four years.

Frank Power was the top scorer with 3-04.

1964 Croke Cup
The 1964 Croke Cup was the 13th staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 12 April to 25 April 1964.

St Finbarr's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten in the Harty Cup. Representatives from the Ulster Championship were allowed to contest the All-Ireland series for the first time.

The final was played on 25 April 1964 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Limerick CBS and St Peter's College, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Limerick CBS won the match by 6–07 to 4–05 to claim their first ever Croke Cup title.

Tom Royce was the top scorer with 3-04.
Headphones (album)
Headphones is the only album by Headphones. The album features David Bazan on keyboards, and Frank Lenz (of Starflyer 59) on drums. Tim Walsh (formerly of Pedro the Lion) also contributed to the recording, albeit sparsely, as Bazan attested in November 2006:

. . .Tim and I discussed the possibility of delegating the drums and recording to Lenz and Hankins so we could focus on the music and the "vibe" and all that. Not realizing that we were delegating Tim right off the record, because he then wouldn't have any concrete responsibilities. And he had a tough time feeling like he was needed during the making of the record, and I was overloaded trying to finish writing while tracking my parts so Lenz would have something to drum to.

Headphones was engineered and mixed by Jared Hankins in Seattle in early 2005.

Pedro the Lion
Pedro the Lion is an American indie rock band from Seattle, Washington, United States. David Bazan formed the band in 1995 and represented its main creative force, backed by a varying rotation of collaborating musicians. In 2006 Pedro the Lion was dissolved as Bazan went solo and performed under his own name. Bazan reformed the band and resumed performing under the Pedro the Lion moniker in late 2017. Releasing seven full-length albums and five EPs since 1997, the band is known for its first person narrative lyrics.
Auterive station
Auterive is a railway station in Auterive, Occitanie, France. The station is on the Portet-Saint-Simon–Puigcerdà railway. The station is served by TER (local) services and Intercités de nuit night services operated by the SNCF.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.