hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David C. Cassidy
David C. Cassidy (born August 10, 1945) is an American historian of science and professor emeritus at Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York. He is best known for his contributions to the history of quantum mechanics, scientific biography, history of physics in Germany and the United States and, most recently, science-history drama.

History of physics
Physics is a branch of science in which the primary objects of study are matter and energy. These topics were discussed across many cultures in ancient times by philosophers, but they had no means to distinguish causes of natural phenomena from superstitions.

The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, especially the discovery of the law of gravity, began a process of knowledge accumulation and specialization that gave rise to the field of physics.

Mathematical advances of the 18th century gave rise to classical mechanics, and the increased used of the experimental method led to new understanding of thermodynamics.

In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered.

At the beginning of the 20th century, physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory.

Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.
Beer Hall Putsch (album)
Beer Hall Putsch is the ninth stand-up comedy album by Doug Stanhope. It was released on December 3, 2013, by New Wave Dynamics. It was recorded live at Dante's in Portland, Oregon. The DVD includes a bonus video podcast recorded on the night of the show. The album peaked at #1 on the US Billboard Comedy Albums chart.

Comedy Albums
Comedy Albums is a Billboard chart that lists the "top-selling spoken word and musical comedy albums" each week, as ranked by sales data compiled by Nielsen SoundScan. The chart debuted as Top Comedy Albums in October 2004 when it was published for the first time exclusively in Billboard's websites. The first number-one album on the Top Comedy Albums chart was Lord, I Apologize by Larry the Cable Guy. As of November 2023, the longest leading number-one album on the chart is Inside (The Songs) by Bo Burnham.

Its Billboard Year-End chart has been archived for public viewing back to 2006, with 15 entries for each year.

On May 16, 2014, Billboard published "Top 20 Best Selling Comedy Albums", featuring albums from as far back as 1991, the start of the Nielsen SoundScan era.
Dorothée Lima
Dorothée Joaquim Lima was a newspaper editor and publisher in Dahomey who was instrumental in the development of news media in Dahomey during the French colonial era. With Jean Adjovi he edited the influential but short-lived Le Guide du Dahomey (1920-22). Later, he replaced Jean Adjovi as the editor of La Voix du Dahomey.

Lima was a Dahomey born, naturalised French citizen who had been educated at a Catholic mission at Porto Novo. He served in the French colonial administration before World War I. He was one of the group of returnees from Brazil who were important in the life of the colony in the early twentieth century.

Avenue Dorothée Lima is named in his honour in Cotonou, Benin.

Cotonou
Cotonou (French pronunciation: [kɔtɔnu]; Fon: Kútɔ̀nú) is the largest city and seat of government of Benin. Its official population count was 679,012 in 2012; however, over two million people live in the larger urban area. The urban area continues to expand, notably toward the west. The city lies in the southeast of the country, between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Nokoué.

Cotonou is the seat of government of the Republic of Benin, where most of the government buildings are situated, government departments operate and foreign embassies are located, but the official capital, where the national legislature sits, is the smaller city of Porto-Novo.
Tomáš Vančura
Tomáš Vančura (born 10 September 1996) is a Czech ski jumper.

On the Continental Cup circuit, he won his first race on 22 January 2016 in Sapporo, and repeated the feat in January 2017 in Bischofshofen. He made his FIS Ski Jumping World Cup debut in 30 January 2016 in Sapporo with a 37th place, collecting his first World Cup points on the next day with a 28th place. He improved to a 25th and 21st place in February 2017 in Oberstdorf and broke the top 20 for the first time in March 2017 in Planica, where he finished 18th.

He finished seventh in the normal hill event at the 2016 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships and 23rd at the 2016 Ski Flying World Championships. He competed at the World Ski Championships in 2017 and 2019, his best placements being 7th in the team competition in 2017 and 8th in the team competition in 2019. His best individual performance was a 35th place in the normal hill event in 2017.

He represented the sports club TJ Dukla Liberec.

Planica
Planica (Slovene pronunciation: [plaˈnìːtsa]) is an Alpine valley in northwestern Slovenia, extending south from the border village of Rateče, not far from another well-known ski resort, Kranjska Gora. Further south, the valley extends into the Tamar Valley, a popular hiking destination in Triglav National Park.

Planica is famous for ski jumping. The first ski jumping hill was constructed before 1930 at the slope of Mount Ponca. In 1933, Ivan Rožman constructed a larger hill, known as the Bloudek Giant (Bloudkova velikanka) after Stanko Bloudek, which later gave rise to ski flying. The venue was completed in 1934. The first ski jump over 100 metres (330 ft) in history was achieved at the hill in 1936 by Sepp Bradl. At the time, it was the biggest jumping hill in the world.

In 1969, a new K185 hill, the Gorišek Brothers Flying Hill (Letalnica bratov Gorišek) was built by Vlado and Janez Gorišek. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2023 were held in Planica.
Jewish Virtual Library
The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL, formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE). It is a website covering topics about Israel–United States relations, Jewish history, Israel, the Holocaust, antisemitism and Judaism.

The website includes the book Myths and Facts. The book was originally written by Leonard Davis and published in 1964. Later editions were written by Bard who describes it as "the pro-Israel activist's 'bible'".

The JVL also includes the website stopbds.com which aims to combat the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement.

Online encyclopedia
An online encyclopedia, also called an Internet encyclopedia, is a digital encyclopedia accessible through the Internet. Some examples include pre-World Wide Web services that offered the Academic American Encyclopedia beginning in 1980, Encyclopedia.com since 1998, Encarta from 2000 to 2009, Wikipedia since 2001, Encyclopædia Britannica since 2016, and Grokipedia since 2025.
Antoni Aleksander Iliński
Antoni Aleksander Iliński, also known as Iskender Pasha (Turkish: Mehmet İskender Paşa; 1812–1861), was a Polish-Ottoman military officer and general. A Polish independence activist and insurgent, he took part in the independence struggles of Poles and Hungarians against the Austrian-Russian alliance. He converted to Islam in 1844 and subsequently served in various commanding posts in the Ottoman Army during the reign of Abdulmejid I (1839–1861) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Danube, Crimea, Transcaucasia, and Baghdad. He was promoted to the rank of pasha (general) during the Crimean War in 1855.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Chhapra Junction railway station
Chhapra Junction railway station (station code:CPR) is a Non-Suburban Grade-2 (NSG-2) railway station under the Varanasi railway division of the North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. It is located in Chhapra city of Saran district, in the Indian state of Bihar.

Chhapra Junction serves as a significant railway hub in North Bihar, providing extensive rail connectivity across India. The station hosts both daily and weekly train services to major cities such as New Delhi, Patna, Kolkata, Varanasi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Amritsar, Pune, Chennai, Bengaluru, Lucknow, Kanpur, Prayagraj, Howrah.

Howrah
Howrah (/ˈhaʊrə/; Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, opposite to its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively Howrah lies within Howrah district and is the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Howrah is an important industrial and transportation hub, and is also a gateway to Kolkata via Howrah railway station and Howrah Bridge.
The Fine White Mist of Winter
"The Fine White Mist of Winter" is a short story by Joyce Carol Oates, originally published in the The Literary Review (Spring 1962). The story was first collected in By the North Gate (1963) by Vanguard Press.
The story was selected for publication in the 1963 anthology The Best American Short Stories and Prize Stories: The O. Henry Award.

The story is set, as are others in By the North Gate, in Oates's fictional "Eden County", similar to the rural upstate New York community where she was raised.

The Best American Short Stories
The Best American Short Stories (BASS) is a yearly anthology that is part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Since 1915, Best American Short Stories has anthologized more than 2,000 short stories, including works by some of the most famous writers in contemporary American literature. Along with the O. Henry Awards, Best American Short Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."
Dad for a Day (2009 film)
Dad for a Day (Spanish: Papá por un día) is a 2009 Argentine sports romantic comedy film starring Nicolás Cabré, Luisana Lopilato, Gimena Accardi and Julieta Poggio in her film debut. It was premiered on 6 August 2009, and was also screened at the Mar del Plata Film Festival on 14 November 2009, not as the part of the competition.

Mar del Plata International Film Festival
The Mar del Plata International Film Festival (Spanish: Festival Internacional de Cine de Mar del Plata) is an international film festival that takes place every November in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina. It is the only competitive feature festival recognized by the FIAPF in Latin America, and the oldest in this category in the Americas. The festival is organized by the National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts (INCAA).
1985–86 Four Hills Tournament
The 1985-86 Four Hills Tournament took place at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 30 December 1985 and 6 January 1986.

Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.
Garden of the Provinces and Territories
The Garden of the Provinces and Territories (French: Jardins des provinces et des territoires) is a 4-acre (1.6 ha) site along Confederation Boulevard in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada's capital city. It is bounded by the Sparks Street escarpment on the south, Wellington Street on the west and north, and Bay Street to the east between Christ Church Cathedral and the Library and Archives Canada. It was officially opened on September 25, 1962, as a western gateway to the Parliament Buildings. The park was renamed from "Garden of the Provinces" on October 6, 2005 to recognize and include Canada's three territories. Scott Brison, then the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, officially renamed the park.

In December 2015, the federal government requested that the National Capital Commission approve the garden as the site of the proposed Memorial to the Victims of Communism rather than its previously approved site, a plot of land by the Supreme Court of Canada building.

Public Services and Procurement Canada
Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC; French: Services publics et Approvisionnement Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada with responsibility for the government's internal servicing and administration.

The department is responsible for the procurement for other government departments and serves as the central purchasing agent, real property manager, treasurer, accountant, pay and pension administrator, integrity adviser and linguistic authority. It is also the custodian of a large real estate portfolio and as well infrastructure such as bridges, dams and highways.

The department is responsible to Parliament through the minister of public services and procurement and receiver general for Canada – presently Joël Lightbound. Day-to-day operations and leadership of the department is overseen by the deputy minister, a senior civil servant.

It was recognized in 2018 as one of Canada's Best Diversity Employers.
Marcel Bozzuffi
Marcel Bozzuffi (28 October 1929 – 1 February 1988) was a French film actor. Internationally, he appeared as a hitman in the Oscar-winning American film The French Connection. In 1963, he married French actress Françoise Fabian.

According to producer Philip D'Antoni, Bozzuffi began his career doing stunts in France and performed the difficult backwards fall down the elevated railway steps himself. He later became a director and supplied the dubbed voices for Charles Bronson and Paul Newman.

Françoise Fabian
Michelle Cortès (born 10 May 1933), known professionally as Françoise Fabian (French: [fʁɑ̃swaz fabjɑ̃]), is a French film actress. She has appeared in more than 100 films since 1956. In 1971, Fabian signed the Manifesto of the 343, publicly declaring having had an abortion.
Tuckerman High School
Tuckerman High School is a comprehensive public high school serving students in grades 8 through 12 in Tuckerman, Arkansas, United States. It is the sole high school administered by the Jackson County School District.

Arkansas Department of Education
The Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) is a cabinet-level agency of the Arkansas state government overseeing public education for K-12, higher education institutions, and career and technical education.

The ADE also contains the Arkansas State Library, the Arkansas School for the Deaf, Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission.
Numa (1811 ship)
Numa was launched at Sunderland in 1811. She made one voyage as a whaler and one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales. She spent the last part of her career trading between Sunderland and Quebec, and was last listed in 1854.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Meenmutty Falls (Thiruvananthapuram)
Meenmutty Falls is a waterfall located 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Trivandrum city in Thiruvananthapuram District in the Indian state of Kerala, India. The falls are located near the Ponmudi hill station, Thiruvananthapuram district and Agastya Mala Biosphere reserves. This waterfalls is situated along the upper riparian course of Vamanapuram River.

Biosphere reserves of India
There are 18 biosphere reserves in India.
 They protect larger areas of natural habitat than a typical national park or animal sanctuary, and often include one or more national parks or reserves, along with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life. In total there are 18 biosphere reserves in India.
Ángeles Parejo
María Ángeles Parejo Jiménez is a Spanish former football striker who developed her career in Italy's Serie A, playing for ACF Torino, Torres CF, Atlético Oristano, Olbia CF, Roma CF and Reggiana between 1988 and 2011. She also played for Takarazuka Bunny in Japan's L. League. Her best season was 1997–98, when she scored 38 goals in 23 matches.

She was a member of the Spain women's national football team, and played the 1997 European Championship where she scored 3 goals to help Spain reach the semifinals. She was included in the competition's all-star team.

Nadeshiko League
The Japan Women's Football League (Japanese: 日本女子サッカーリーグ; Nihon Joshi Sakkā Rīgu), commonly known as the Nadeshiko League (Japanese: なでしこリーグ; Nadeshiko Rīgu), is a women's association football league in Japan.

The Nadeshiko League consists of two divisions that correspond to the second and third levels of the Japanese women's football pyramid respectively. Teams are promoted and relegated between the divisions, and between the Nadeshiko League Division 2 and the fourth-level Japanese regional leagues, based on performance in the previous season. Prior to 2021, the Nadeshiko League occupied the top level of the Japanese women's football pyramid as well; that level is now represented by the fully professional WE League.

Since 2008, the Nadeshiko League has been sponsored by Plenus (株式会社プレナス), a fast food (bento) company based in Fukuoka.
Abram Ozmun
Abraham "Abram" Ozmun (August 31, 1814 – November 29, 1887) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Tompkins County, New York, Ozmun moved to Illinois and then settled in Minnesota Territory in 1856. He was a farmer and then was in the hardware business in Rochester, Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1859 to 1860. He then served as mayor of Rochester, Minnesota from 1864 to 1865. His son, Edward Henry Ozmun, also served in the Minnesota Legislature.

Minnesota Territory
The Territory of Minnesota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1849, until May 11, 1858, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Minnesota and the western portion became unorganized territory and shortly after was reorganized as part of the Dakota Territory.
Tak and the Power of Juju (TV series)
Tak and the Power of Juju is an American animated television series that aired from August 31, 2007, to January 24, 2009. Loosely based on the 2003 video game of the same name, the series consists of two eleven-minute stories per half-hour episode. It was co-produced by THQ and Nickelodeon. The series was produced by Nick Jennings and directed, among others, by Mark Risley, Jim Schumann, and Heiko Drengenberg. This was the second CGI Nickelodeon series, after The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius and is also the first one to be overseen by Nickelodeon Animation Studio. The show continued to air reruns on Nicktoons until September 3, 2012. 26 episodes were produced.

Nick Jennings (artist)
Nick Jennings is an American director, artist, writer, and producer best known for his work on the Nickelodeon shows Rocko's Modern Life and SpongeBob SquarePants, as well as the Cartoon Network series Adventure Time. He has also worked as a background artist for many animated television series.
Vukovich
Vukovich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. J. Vukovich (born 2001), American baseball player

Bernice Carr Vukovich (born 1938), South African tennis player

Bill Vukovich (1918–1955), American racing driver

Bill Vukovich II (1944–2023), American racing driver

Billy Vukovich III (1963–1990), American racing driver

Frances Vukovich (born 1930), American baseball player

George Vukovich (born 1956), American baseball player

John Vukovich (1947–2007), American baseball player and coach

Martin Vukovich (born 1944), Austrian diplomat

Steve Vukovich (1890–1951), American politician

Bill Vukovich
William Vukovich (born Vaso Vukovich, December 13, 1918 – May 30, 1955) was an American racing driver. He won the 1953 and 1954 Indianapolis 500s, plus two more American Automobile Association National Championship races, and died while leading the 1955 Indianapolis 500.

Several drivers of his generation have referred to Vukovich as the greatest ever in American motorsport. He is generally considered one of the best racing drivers of his generation, and is the only driver to lead the most laps in three consecutive Indianapolis 500s.
Letter to Memphis
"Letter to Memphis" is a single by the alternative rock band Pixies, from their 1991 album Trompe le Monde. The song was frontman Black Francis' take on Chuck Berry's song "Memphis, Tennessee". An instrumental version was included as a B-side to the "Alec Eiffel" single and later became the closing track of their compilation Complete 'B' Sides.

In the December 1991 issue of Spin, critic Ivan Kreilkamp commented on "Letter to Memphis": "out of the kitsch and froth of the Pixies' sensibility, a line like 'trying to get to you' sticks in your mind like a piece of genuine feeling hidden on the back of a tacky postcard."

Trompe le Monde
Trompe le Monde is the fourth studio album by the American alternative rock band Pixies, released on September 23, 1991 on 4AD in the United Kingdom and on September 24, 1991, on  Elektra Records in the United States. Recorded in Burbank, California, Paris and London, the album was produced by Gil Norton, and was the Pixies' final studio album before their break-up two years later. Additionally, it was the band’s last album to feature founding bassist Kim Deal.
Hudson Valley (magazine)
Hudson Valley is a regional-interest monthly magazine that covers the Hudson Valley. It began publishing in April, 1972, and works out of offices in Poughkeepsie, approximately in the center of its coverage area (Albany, Rensselaer, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Ulster and Westchester counties).

Articles in Hudson Valley are features and lifestyle pieces about residents, places, history, recreation, and dining opportunities in the region. They are accompanied by color photography and a lengthy event listing.

The magazine is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

Columbia County, New York
Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. At the 2020 census, the population was 61,570. The county seat is Hudson. The name comes from the Latin feminine form of the surname of Christopher Columbus, which was at the time of the formation of the county a popular proposal for the name of the United States. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.