hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Mystery of Cloomber
The Mystery of Cloomber is a novel by the British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It was first published in 1889 in the Pall Mall Gazette.

The novel depicts a massacre during the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842) and the fate of its perpetrator. An officer of the East India Company decides to slaughter the remnants of the enemy forces, and he also kills a Buddhist priest who tried to prevent the massacre.  The priest's students vow to avenge his death, but they are stalking the officer for 40 years instead of immediately killing him. Four decades following the massacre, the officer is a retired general living in  Wigtownshire. When the Buddhist priests follow him there, the general resigns himself to his fate and declines offers of help from his prospective son-in-law. The priests either throw their foe into a bottomless pit, or compel him to jump into the pit on his own.

The Pall Mall Gazette
The Pall Mall Gazette was an evening newspaper founded in London on 7 February 1865 by George Murray Smith; its first editor was Frederick Greenwood. In 1921, The Globe merged into The Pall Mall Gazette, which itself was absorbed into The Evening Standard in 1923.

Beginning late in 1868 and continuing at least through the 1880s, a selection or digest of its contents was published as the weekly Pall Mall Budget.
George Cooke (cricketer)
George Frederick Cooke (1 August 1826 – 25 March 1862) was an English first-class cricketer.

Cooke was born at Manchester in August 1826 and was educated at Rugby School. He made his debut in first-class cricket for Manchester against Sheffield at Manchester in 1848. Cooke played first-class cricket on eighteen occasions from 1848–58. In addition to playing for Manchester, Cooke also appeared for Lancashire and the Marylebone Cricket Club, as well as representing four 'gentlemen' teams: the Gentlemen of England, the Gentlemen of the South, the Gentlemen of the North, and the Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club. In his eighteen matches he scored 356 runs at an average of 10.47, with a high score of 40. With the ball, he took 5 wickets with best figures of 3 for 12. Cooke also stood as an umpire in one first-class match in 1849. He died at Edinburgh in March 1862.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
Sabine Bank Light
The Sabine Bank Light is a caisson lighthouse in the Gulf of Mexico south of the mouth of the Sabine River. It is still active, though the original tower has been replaced with an automated beacon on a skeleton tower.

Caisson lighthouse
A caisson lighthouse (also referred to as a sparkplug lighthouse, or bug light) is a type of lighthouse whose superstructure rests on a concrete or metal caisson. Caisson lighthouses were developed in the late nineteenth century as a cheaper alternative to screwpile lighthouses. The caisson design was also more efficient as it could better withstand harsh weather, and was not as fragile. Caisson lighthouses usually have living quarters made of cast iron, although some brick examples are known. The two American nicknames were later coined because of the structure's shape.
Les Onze Mille Verges
Les Onze Mille Verges ou les Amours d'un hospodar is a pornographic novel by French author Guillaume Apollinaire, published in 1907 over his initials "G.A.". The title contains a play on the Catholic veneration of the "Eleven thousand Virgins" (French: les onze mille vierges), the martyred companions of Saint Ursula, replacing the word vierge (virgin) with verge (rod) due to a slip of the tongue by the protagonist and as an omen of his fate. The use of the word verge may also be considered as a pun, for it is used as a vulgarism for the male member. Hospodar is a Slavic honorific.

It was translated into English by Alexander Trocchi (using the pseudonym "Oscar Mole") as The Debauched Hospodar (1953); by Nina Rootes as Les onze mille verges: or, The Amorous Adventures of Prince Mony Vibescu (1976); and later by Alexis Lykiard as The Eleven Thousand Rods (2008).

Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.
Luigi Pampaloni
Luigi Pampaloni (Florence, 1791–1847) was an Italian sculptor, active in a Neoclassical style.

He studied under Lorenzo Bartolini in Florence.

In 1826, he designed, together with Giovanozzi, the Fountain of the Naiads in Empoli.

In 1834, he completed a bust of Maria Antonietta of Bourbon, sister of Ferdinand II of Naples. He sculpted a statue of her husband, Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, for a piazza in San Miniato.

He sculpted statues of Brunelleschi and Arnolfo di Cambio for the Duomo of Florence, and the full-length Leonardo da Vinci statue for the Loggiato of the Uffizi.

Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain (María Antonia Fernanda; 17 November 1729 – 19 September 1785) was Queen of Sardinia by marriage to Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia. She was the youngest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. She was the mother of the last three mainline kings of Sardinia.
2008 Vuelta a Murcia
The 2008 Vuelta a Murcia was the 24th edition of the Vuelta a Murcia cycle race and was held on 4 March to 8 March 2008. The race started in San Pedro del Pinatar and finished in Murcia. The race was won by Alejandro Valverde.

San Pedro del Pinatar
San Pedro del Pinatar is a small town and municipality in the Region of Murcia, southeastern Spain. The municipality is situated at the northern end of Murcia's Mediterranean coastline, the Costa Cálida, and borders the province of Alicante. It has an area of almost 22 km2, and a population of 25,167 as of 2018.
Pryor A. Gibson III
Pryor Allan Gibson III (born October 12, 1957) is an American politician in North Carolina. He served as a Democratic member of the North Carolina House of Representatives representing the state's sixty-ninth House district, including constituents in Anson, Montgomery and Union counties. A businessman from Wadesboro, North Carolina, Gibson was serving in his eighth term in the state House when, in 2011, he announced he would resign to become Gov. Bev Perdue's senior adviser for governmental affairs.

In 2020, he was appointed as Assistant Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Commerce to lead its Division of Employment Security.

Union County, North Carolina
Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 238,267. Its county seat is Monroe. Union County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bučany
Bučany (Hungarian: Bucsány) is a municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia. Its current timezone offset is UTC+1.

Located at sea level, Bucany has a marine west coast, warm summer climate. It receives about 76.61 millimeters (3.02 inches) of precipitation and has 136.12 rainy days (37.29% of the time) annually.

Trnava District
Trnava District (Slovak: okres Trnava) is a district in the Trnava Region of Slovakia. In its present borders the district was established in 1996. Before that date Hlohovec district was a part of it. It comprises the villages around Trnava, which forms an administrative, cultural and economy center of the district. The towns and villages are partly bedroom communities for the people who work in Trnava or Bratislava.
Lake Bonneville (Oregon)
Lake Bonneville is a reservoir on the Columbia River in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. It was created in 1937 with the construction of Bonneville Dam. The reservoir stretches between it and The Dalles Dam, upstream. It lies in parts of three counties in Oregon (Multnomah, Hood River, Wasco) and two in Washington (Skamania, Klickitat).

Klickitat County, Washington
Klickitat County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,735. The county seat and largest city is Goldendale. The county is named after the Klickitat tribe and contains part of the Yakama Indian Reservation.
Flag of Staffordshire
The Staffordshire flag  is the flag of the English county of Staffordshire. It was registered with the Flag Institute on 28 March 2016 following a competition between two rival designs. The winning design was proposed by the Staffordshire Heritage Group as a simplified version of the other candidate, the Staffordshire County Council Banner of Arms.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
North Bend (community), Wisconsin
North Bend is an unincorporated community in the town of North Bend, Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. North Bend is located on the Black River and Wisconsin Highway 54, 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west-southwest of Melrose.

Black River (Wisconsin)
The Black River is a river in west-central Wisconsin and a tributary of the Mississippi River. The river is approximately 190 miles (310 km) long. During the 19th century, pine logs were rafted down the Black, heading for sawmills at La Crosse and points beyond.
Balderfonna
Balderfonna is a glacier in Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located on Ny-Friesland, between Hinlopen Strait and Lomfjorden. It is named after the Norse god Balder. Former names of the glacier include Lovén Plateau and Névé dôme Balder. Further north on Lomfjordhalvøya is Torsfonna.

Baldr
Baldr (Old Norse  also Balder, Baldur) is a god in Germanic mythology. In Norse mythology, he is a son of the god Odin and the goddess Frigg, and has numerous brothers, such as Thor and Váli. In wider Germanic mythology, the god was known in Old English as Bældæġ, and in Old High German as Balder, all ultimately stemming from the Proto-Germanic theonym *Balðraz ('hero' or 'prince').

During the 12th century, Danish accounts by Saxo Grammaticus and other Danish Latin chroniclers recorded a euhemerized account of his story. Compiled in Iceland during the 13th century, but based on older Old Norse poetry, the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda contain numerous references to the death of Baldr as both a great tragedy to the Æsir and a harbinger of Ragnarök.

According to Gylfaginning, a book of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda, Baldr's wife is Nanna and their son is Forseti. Baldr had the greatest ship ever built, Hringhorni, and there is no place more beautiful than his hall, Breidablik.
1990–91 National Division 2
The 1990–91 National Division 2 (sponsored by Courage Brewery) was the fourth season of the second tier of the English rugby union league system, the Courage Clubs Championship, currently known as Champ Rugby. New sides to the division included Bedford who were relegated from the top flight after a gap of just one season, while London Scottish and Wakefield were promoted from tier 3. In 1990 the Gosforth club split into two clubs, one became Newcastle Gosforth and moved to Kingston Park, known then as the New Ground while Gosforth Rugby Club continued as an amateur side working in partnership with Northumbria University.

Rugby, the champions, were promoted to the 1991–92 National Division 1 along with the league runner–up, London Irish. Headingley finished last and were relegated to the 1991–92 National Division 3 as were Richmond who finished one place above them. It was a competitive season with both the promotion and relegation spots going all the way to the last game.

London Scottish F.C.
London Scottish Football Club is a rugby union club in England. The club is a member of both the Rugby Football Union and the Scottish Rugby Union. The club is currently playing in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, Champ Rugby, and share the Athletic Ground with Richmond.
Paul Althouse
Paul Shearer Althouse (December 2, 1889 – February 6, 1954) was an American opera singer. He began his career as a lyric tenor with a robust Italianate sound, in roles including Cavaradossi in Tosca, Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly, and Turiddu in Cavalleria rusticana. He later branched out into the dramatic tenor repertoire, finding success in portraying Wagnerian heroes. He sang with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for 30 years.

Aida
Aida (or Aïda, Italian: [aˈiːda]) is a tragic opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 December 1871, in a performance conducted by Giovanni Bottesini. Today the work holds a central place in the operatic canon, receiving performances every year around the world. At New York's Metropolitan Opera alone, Aida has been sung more than 1,100 times since 1886. Ghislanzoni's scheme follows a scenario often attributed to the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, but Verdi biographer Mary Jane Phillips-Matz argues that the source is actually Temistocle Solera.
John Crudele
John Crudele is a columnist and business journalist in the United States. He writes syndicated political columns for the New York Post. Earlier in his career he worked for Reuters, The New York Times, and as a columnist for New York Magazine. He was also a Financial News Network host.

Crudele grew up in Brooklyn and graduated with a B.A. from Syracuse University and an M.A. from New York University.

Crudele covered Wall Street for Reuters in the 1980s.  He joined the New York Times in 1985 and covered business and finance. He also wrote for New York Magazine.

In 1991 he wrote about the PATCO strike in 1981 and union issues.

In November 2013, the Columbia Journalism Review and Washington Post criticized a column he did alleging manipulation of employment data. In March 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump tweeted a column by Crudele criticizing the New York Times.

Financial News Network
The Financial News Network (FNN) was an American financial and business news television network launched on November 30, 1981. The network aimed to broadcast programming nationwide, five days a week, for seven hours a day on 13 stations in an effort to expand the availability of business news for public dissemination. FNN was founded by Glen H. Taylor, a former minister of the Christian Church (1950–1956) and a producer of films for the California Department of Education. In February 1991, the channel was purchased by NBC and operations were integrated with its rival cable financial news network, CNBC, on May 21, 1991.
Liu Xiang, Prince of Liang
Liu Xiang (Chinese: 劉襄; pinyin: Liú Xiāng), posthumously named Prince Ping of Liang (Chinese: 梁平王; pinyin: Liáng Píng Wáng), was a prince of the Han dynasty. He was the son and heir of Liu Mai, and a grandson of Liu Wu, who sided with the imperial court during the Rebellion of the Seven States. Liu Xiang ruled Liang in 137–97 BC. His mother was Chen Taihou [English: Queen Chen]

Liu Xiang was married to Ren Hou.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
San Juan Botanical Garden
The San Juan Botanical Garden, officially known as the Botanical Garden of the University of Puerto Rico, is located in San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico.  This lush 300-acre (1.2 km2) “urban garden” of native and exotic flora serves as a laboratory for the study, conservation and enrichment of plants, trees, flowers, grasses and many other plants.  Seventy-five acres are landscaped and open to the general public as well as researchers.

The entrance is located off the south side of the intersection of Highway 1 and Road 847 in Río Piedras.  The “Bosque Urbano del Nuevo Milenio” (Nuevo Milenio State Forest), a project for the conservation and growth of the urban forest, is on the eastern side of the Botanical Garden.

Urban forest
An urban forest is a forest, or a grove of trees, that grow within a city, town or a suburb. In a wider sense, it may include any kind of woody plant vegetation growing in and around human settlements.

As opposed to a forest park, whose ecosystems are also inherited from wilderness leftovers, urban forests often lack amenities like public bathrooms, paved paths, or sometimes clear borders which are distinct features of parks. Care and management of urban forests is called urban forestry. Urban forests can be privately and publicly owned. Some municipal forests may be located outside of the town or city to which they belong.
Whelley
Whelley is an area of northeast Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, it is mainly a residential area, between New Springs and Scholes.

In Whelley, there is Canon Sharples Church of England Primary School and Nursery, St Stephen's Church and a Labour club.

Whelley also had its own (non-acute) hospital which specialised in rehabilitation of the elderly, and was part of the Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Trust. The hospital closed in 2009 and was demolished in late 2010. The site is currently being developed with numerous houses, flats and bungalows.

In terms of local elections, Whelley is grouped with New Springs and Aspull, and is consistently a Labour supporting area, as with the majority of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan.

Riley's Gym, popularly known as "the Snake Pit", was established in the area in 1948 by professional catch wrestler Billy Riley. It later moved to Aspull.

Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is named after its largest town, Wigan, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Atherton, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Golborne, Hindley, Ince-in-Makerfield, Leigh and Tyldesley. The borough also covers the villages and suburbs of Abram, Aspull, Astley, Bryn, Hindley Green, Lowton, Mosley Common, Orrell, Pemberton, Shevington, Standish, Winstanley and Worsley Mesnes. The borough is also the second-most populous district in Greater Manchester.

The borough was formed in 1974, replacing several former local government districts. It is the westernmost part of Greater Manchester and is bordered by the Greater Manchester boroughs of City of Salford and Bolton to the east, the Cheshire borough of Warrington to the south, the Merseyside borough of St Helens to the south west, and the Lancashire boroughs of West Lancashire to the west and Chorley to the north.
Transport Action Canada
Transport Action Canada is a non-profit, consumer-based organization that promotes sustainable transport through advocacy and education. It is concerned with all modes of public transport, such as passenger train service, aviation including air safety, and urban transit.

The association functions as a citizen-based advocacy group, compared to transport industry based bodies such as the Railway Association of Canada or the Canadian Urban Transit Association.

Aviation safety
Aviation safety is the study and practice of managing risks in aviation. This includes preventing aviation accidents and incidents through research, training aviation personnel, protecting passengers and the general public, and designing safer aircraft and aviation infrastructure.
The aviation industry is subject to significant regulations and oversight to reduce risks across all aspects of flight. Adverse weather conditions such as turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, and reduced visibility are also recognized as major contributing factors to aviation safety outcomes.

Aviation security is focused on protecting air travelers, aircraft and infrastructure from intentional harm or disruption, rather than unintentional mishaps.
Die verwandelten Weiber
Die verwandelten Weiber, oder Der Teufel ist los, erster Teil (The Metamorphosed Wives, or The Devil to Pay, Part 1) is a three-act German: comische Oper by the German composer Johann Adam Hiller, incorporating 14 musical numbers from the popular farce Der Teufel ist los by Johann Georg Standfuß.

The libretto was by Christian Felix Weiße (1726–1804) based on the ballad opera The Devil to Pay, or The Wives Metamorphos'd by Charles Coffey (1731), and an opéra comique text by Michel-Jean Sedaine using the same material.

Michel-Jean Sedaine
Michel-Jean Sedaine (2 June 1719 – 17 May 1797) was a French dramatist and librettist, especially noted for his librettos for opéras comiques, in which he took an important and influential role in the advancement of the genre from the period of Charles-Simon Favart to the beginning of the Revolution.