hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sharia and securities trading
Sharia and securities trading is the impact of conventional financial markets activity for those following the Islamic religion and particularly sharia law. Sharia practices ban riba (earning interest) and involvement in haram. It also forbids gambling (maisir) and excessive risk (bayu al-gharar). This, however has not stopped some in Islamic finance industry from using some of these instruments and activities, but their permissibility is a subject of "heated debate" within the religion.

Of particular interest are financial markets activities such as margin trading, short selling, day trading and derivative trading including futures, options and swaps which are considered by some as haram or forbidden.

Call option
In finance, a call option (often simply a "call"), is a contract between the buyer and the seller of the call option to exchange a security at a set price. The buyer of the call option has the right, but not the obligation, to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity or financial instrument (the underlying) from the seller of the option at or before a certain time (the expiration date) for a certain price (the strike price). This effectively gives the buyer a long position in the given asset. The seller (or "writer") is obliged to sell the commodity or financial instrument to the buyer if the buyer so decides. This effectively gives the seller a short position in the given asset. The buyer pays a fee (called a premium) for this right. The term "call" comes from the fact that the owner has the right to "call the stock away" from the seller.
Pirate radio in Asia
Pirate radio stations have operated in various countries of Asia, often putting over political or nationalist points of view. Offshore stations have attempted to reach China or overseas Chinese residents. Citizens' Radio is an unlicensed Hong Kong pro-democracy station. In Taiwan, what are known as "underground radio" stations have broadcast both pro- and anti-government opinions. Large numbers of unlicensed stations have functioned in the Philippines, of which 107.9 U-Radio (2006–2013) is among the best known. Finally, Radio First Termer was briefly operated by and for U.S. troops in Vietnam in 1971.

National Telecommunications Commission
The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyon sa Telekomunikasyon) is the telecommunications regulator of the Philippines.

It is an attached agency of the Department of Information and Communications Technology responsible for the supervision, adjudication and control over all telecommunications services and radio and television networks throughout the country.
Z-Netz
The Z-Netz was a German BBS network applying store and forward mechanisms to provide their users with e-mail and discussion groups. It can be compared to the U.S. based WWIV network or the international FidoNet.

The technical base for the Z-Netz was the software "Zerberus". Initially the network was called "Zerberus Netz" or just "Zerberus". When other software applying the "ZConnect" data transfer method became available, the network was renamed to "Z-Netz" to reflect that.

"Zerberus" was developed since 1984. It was later maintained by the "Zerberus GmbH", which was founded in 1992 and dissolved in 1999.

Several Z-Netz operators maintained gateways into other networks, most notably the Usenet, and even forwarded Z-Netz e-mail to the Internet and vice versa. With internet access becoming easily available in Germany in the late 90s the Z-Netz began to vanish.

WWIV
WWIV is a brand of bulletin board system software that reached peak popularity from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. The modifiable source code allowed a sysop to customize the main BBS program for their particular needs and aesthetics. WWIV also allowed tens of thousands of BBSes to link together, forming a worldwide proprietary computer network, the WWIVnet, similar to FidoNet. Today, the software continues to be developed and still used to run modern BBS systems, as well as WWIVnet.
Edward Garrick
Edward Garrick (spelled Gerrich and occasionally Gerrish according to some historical documents) was an American wigmaker's apprentice and resident of Boston, Massachusetts, who is known for instigating the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770.

Boston Custom House
The Custom House in Boston, Massachusetts, was established in the 17th century and stood near the waterfront in several successive locations through the years. In 1849 the U.S. federal government constructed a neoclassical building on State Street; it remains the "Custom House" known to Bostonians today. A tower was added in 1915; the building joined the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1986.
Raschèr Saxophone Quartet
The Raschèr Saxophone Quartet is a professional ensemble of four saxophonists which performs classical and modern music.

The quartet was founded in the United States in 1969 by prominent classical saxophonist Sigurd Raschèr and his daughter, Carina (Karin).  Some years later the quartet relocated to Germany and has been based there ever since.

The Quartet has appeared at major concert halls in Europe and the United States, including Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center in New York City, the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., Opera Bastille Paris, Royal Festival Hall in London, Kölner Philharmonie, Concertgebouw, Schauspielhaus Berlin, Berliner Philharmonie, Musikverein Vienna, Tonhalle Zürich.

The quartet has received strong reviews and was acclaimed as the "Uncrowned Kings of the Saxophone"  by the Wiener Zeitung.

Opéra Bastille
The Opéra Bastille (French: [ɔpeʁa bastij] ⓘ, "Bastille Opera House") is a modern opera house in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. Inaugurated in 1989 as part of President François Mitterrand's Grands Travaux, it became the main facility of the Paris National Opera, France's principal opera company, alongside the older Palais Garnier; most opera performances are shown at the Bastille along with some ballet performances and symphony concerts, while Palais Garnier presents a mix of opera and ballet performances.

Designed by Uruguayan-Canadian architect Carlos Ott, it is situated facing Place de la Bastille. It can seat 2,723 people in total, with a main theatre, concert hall and studio theatre, making it the largest opera house in Europe.
Acorn Treatment and Housing
Acorn Treatment and Housing, formally known as ADAS (Alcohol and Drug Abstinence Service) is a drug and alcohol treatment provider in the North West of England. Its quasi-residential centres operate in Manchester, Stockport, Tameside, Oldham, Rochdale, Morecambe, Hull, Accrington, Clitheroe, Rawtenstall, Nelson and Burnley.

Nelson, Lancashire
Nelson is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England, it had a population of 33,617 in 2021. Nelson is 3 miles (5 km) north of Burnley and 2 miles (3 km) south-west of Colne. Nelson developed as a mill town during the Industrial Revolution.
Order of the Nation
The Order of the Nation is a Jamaican honour. It is a part of the Jamaican honours system and was instituted in 1973 as the second-highest honour in the country, with the Order of National Hero being the highest honour.

The Order of the Nation is only conferred on the Governor-General of Jamaica and upon any person who has been appointed as Prime Minister of Jamaica, unless they are already recipients of the Order of National Hero.

Members of the order and their spouses are styled "The Most Honourable", and members wear the insignia of the order as a decoration while appending the post-nominal letters ON to their name. The motto of the order is "One Nation Under God".

In 2002, all deceased former Prime Ministers of Jamaica were posthumously awarded the Order of the Nation.

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
Nsikak Ekong
Nsikak Okon Ekong (born 1965) is a  politician who has served as the representative for the Ikot Ekpene/Essien Udim/Obot Akara Federal Constituency in the Nigerian House of Representatives, under the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) platform.

Obot-Akara
Obot-Akara is in the south of Nigeria and is a Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State whose headquarters is located at Nto Edino.

It is inhabited by the Anaangs ethnic group. It shares borders with Ikwuano.
Tangier International Zone
The Tangier International Zone (Arabic: منطقة طنجة الدولية, romanized: Minṭaqat Ṭanja ad-Duwaliyya; French: Zone internationale de Tanger; Spanish: Zona Internacional de Tánger) was a 382 km2 (147 sq mi) international zone centered on the city of Tangier, Morocco, which existed from 1925 until its reintegration into independent Morocco in 1956, with interruption during the Spanish occupation of Tangier (1940–1945), and special economic status extended until early 1960. Surrounded on the land side by the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, it was governed under a unique and complex system that involved several European nations, the United States (mainly after 1945), and the Sultan of Morocco, himself under a French protectorate. Due to its status as an international zone, Tangier played a crucial role for Moroccan nationalists, who wanted independence, to establish international contacts and recruit allies as well as organising gatherings and events.

Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.
Aimlabs
Aimlabs, formerly Aim Lab, is an aim-training shooter game released on June 16, 2023. It was developed and published by State Space Labs, Inc.. It allows players to practice and optimize their gameplay in a first or third-person shooter setting. It is available for Windows, Xbox, Android, and iOS operating systems.

Xbox system software
The Xbox system software is the operating system developed exclusively for Microsoft's Xbox home video game consoles. Across the four generations of Xbox consoles, the software has been based on a version of Microsoft Windows and incorporating DirectX features optimized for the consoles. The user interface, the Xbox Dashboard, provides access to games, media players, the Xbox operating system provides standardized tools that facilitate game development specifically for Xbox, potentially limiting portability, and applications, and integrates with the Xbox network for online functionality.

Though initial iterations of the software for the original Xbox and Xbox 360 were based on heavily modified versions of Windows, the newer consoles feature operating systems that are highly compatible with Microsoft's desktop operating systems, allowing for shared applications and ease-of-development between personal computers and the Xbox line.
Bill Colthurst
Christianity portal

Reginald William Richard (Bill) Colthurst (1922–2009) was Archdeacon of Armagh from 1985 to 1989.

Colthurst was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and the Church of Ireland Theological College. He was ordained in 1942. After curacies in Portadown and Belfast he was the incumbent of Ardtrea, then Richhill, and then Mullavilly.

Ardtrea North
54°45′14″N 6°35′56″W﻿ / ﻿54.754°N 6.599°W﻿ / 54.754; -6.599

Ardtrea North is the official name of  Newbridge parish, the first parish (geographically) in the Roman Catholic and Church of Ireland diocese of Armagh. The Parish also incorporates the breakaway community of Ballymaguigan.
2023–24 South West Peninsula League
The 2023–24 South West Peninsula League season was the 17th in the history of the South West Peninsula League, a football competition in England, that feeds the Premier Division of the Western Football League. The league was formed in 2007 from the merger of the Devon County League and the South Western League and, with the exceptions of Bishops Lydeard in Somerset and Bridport in Dorset, features clubs based in Cornwall and Devon. The two divisions of the South West Peninsula League are on the same level of the National League System as the Western League Division One (Step 6).

The constitution was announced on 15 May 2023.

National League System (football)
The National League System comprises the six levels of the English football league system immediately below the level of the English Football League. It comes under the jurisdiction of the Football Association. The National League System has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels. For details of leagues above and below the National League System, see the English football league system.

The system underwent a rearrangement from 2004 to 2008 and was rearranged again in 2018. Phase one went into operation in 2004–05. At the start of the 2006–07 season, phase two was introduced, and a further phase three started from 2007–08 with the starting of a second Step 4 league in the north of England. Phase four took effect in 2018–19. Ahead of the 2020–21 season, Step 7 was abolished, being replaced by feeder leagues overseen by local county FAs.
Church of Saint Demetrius in Mitrovica, Kosovo
The Church of St. Demetrius (Serbian Cyrillic: Црква Светог Димитрија, romanized: Crkva Svetog Dimitrija; Albanian: Kisha e Shën Dhimitrit) is the church of the Serbian Orthodox Church, owned by the Rasko-Prizren diocese, in the city of Mitrovica, Kosovo.

After NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Mitrovica was divided into northern and southern parts. Due to the separation, the Church of St. Sava, located in the southern, Albanian part of the city, became inaccessible to the Serbs who migrated to the northern part of the city. There was a need to build a new temple, the construction of which began in November 2001. The place for the construction of a new temple is carefully selected and dominant; the temple is visible from any part of the city. The construction of the church was completed in November 2005, the consecration ceremony was held on St. Demetrius Day in the same year.

North Mitrovica
North Mitrovica or North Kosovska Mitrovica, is a town and municipality located in district of Mitrovica in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has a population of 29,460 inhabitants. It covers an area of 11 km2 (4 sq mi).

North Mitrovica is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority. The municipality was established in 2013 after North Kosovo crisis, previously being the settlement of the city of Mitrovica, divided by the Ibar river.

Following the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality is planned to be the administrative center of the Community of Serb Municipalities.
Guha (Ramayana)
Guha (Sanskrit: गुह, romanized: Guha) was the king of Śṛṅgiverapura, the nation of the Nishadas, in the Hindu epic Ramayana. Guha was Rama's first ally in latter's exile.

Guha is known for arranging the boat and helmsmen who ferried Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita across the river Ganga in the Ayodhya Kanda. Later in the same Kanda spotting from a distance Bharata's army approaching and being unsure of his intentions, Guha commanded his Dasa army troops to take positions along the banks of the river Ganga, and his naval army troops of kaivartas to keep vigil with five hundred boats, each manned by one hundred young men.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Crusaders 1
Crusade 1 is a studio album by The Crusaders, released in 1972 on Blue Thumb Records. This album peaked at No. 3 on the US Billboard Top Jazz LPs, No. 29 on the US Billboard Top Soul LPs and at No. 96 on the Billboard Top LPs chart.

Blue Thumb Records
Blue Thumb Records was an American record label founded in 1968 by Bob Krasnow and former A&M Records executives Tommy LiPuma and Don Graham. Blue Thumb's last record was released in 1978. In 1995, the label was revived and remained active until 2005.
Shive (papermaking)
A shive is a small bundle of incompletely cooked wood fibres in the chemical pulp used in papermaking. They are smaller than knots and are more difficult to separate from the pulp. Typically the content of shives in kraft pulp is 0.1 to 1.0%. An excess of shives is a sign of poor impregnation of the wood chips. Shives are separated from the pulp in the screening and can be added back after refining. Even though shives are darker than rest of the pulp, they may pass unnoticed to the paper machine because they are easily bleached. Shives in the paper machine can cause web breakage or other operational problems. They might also end as spots in the finished paper.

Kraft paper
Kraft paper or kraft is paper or paperboard (cardboard) produced from chemical pulp produced in the kraft process.

Sack kraft paper (or just sack paper) is a porous kraft paper with high elasticity and high tear resistance, designed for packaging products with high demands for strength and durability.
UDraw Studio
uDraw Studio is an art game for Wii which is bundled with the uDraw GameTablet and is the main game in the uDraw series. The game was published by THQ, developed by Pipeworks Software, and released in North America on November 14, 2010, February 24, 2011 in Australia and in Europe on March 4, 2011. It lets players create their own paintings or color in coloring pages and save them to their gallery using the uDraw GameTablet bundled with the game. A sequel to the game, uDraw Studio Instant Artist, was released for Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 with and without bundles in North America on November 15, 2011, November 17, 2011 in Australia and in Europe on November 18, 2011.

Pipeworks Studios
Pipeworks Studios (also known as Pipeworks) is an American video game developer based in Eugene, Oregon. The company was founded in November 1999 by Dan White and Dan Duncalf and works to provide full development, co-development, and live operations to video game publishers and other partners, in addition to creating original IPs.
Kelin Kuhn
Kelin Jo Kuhn is an American electronics engineer known for her work on process variation and scale reduction, particularly in CMOS electronics. She is an adjunct professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Cornell University.

Process variation (semiconductor)
Process variation is the naturally occurring variation in the attributes of transistors (length, widths, oxide thickness) when integrated circuits are fabricated. The amount of process variation becomes particularly pronounced at smaller process nodes (<65 nm) as the variation becomes a larger percentage of the full length or width of the device and as feature sizes approach the fundamental dimensions such as the size of atoms and the wavelength of usable light for patterning lithography masks.

Process variation causes measurable and predictable variance in the output performance of all circuits but particularly analog circuits due to mismatch. If the variance causes the measured or simulated performance of a particular output metric (bandwidth, gain, rise time, etc.) to fall below or rise above the specification for the particular circuit or device, it reduces the overall yield for that set of devices.
Branislav Mitrović (politician)
Branislav Mitrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Митровић; born 29 August 1966) is a politician in Serbia. He was a member of the National Assembly of Serbia for most of the time between 2008 and 2014, serving with G17 Plus and the United Regions of Serbia (Ujedinjeni regioni Srbije, URS). He is now a member of Positive Užice and has been the president (i.e., speaker) of the Užice city assembly since 2016.

Užice
Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Ужице, pronounced [ûʒit͡se] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Zlatibor District in western Serbia. It is located on the banks of the river Đetinja. The City municipality of Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Градска општина Ужице, romanized: Gradska opština Užice) is one of two city municipalities (with the City municipality of Sevojno) which constitute the City of Užice. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 48,539 while the city administrative area has 69,997 inhabitants.
Abbot of Crowland
The Abbot of Crowland was the head of Crowland Abbey, an English monastery built up around the shrine of Saint Guthlac of Crowland by King Æthelbald of Mercia, and refounded as a Benedictine house circa 948. The last abbot was John Wells (also called John Bridges), who was constrained to surrender the monastery to the king's agents during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539.

Guthlac of Crowland
Saint Guthlac of Crowland (Old English: Gūðlāc; Latin: Guthlacus; 674‍–‍714 AD) was a Christian hermit and saint from Lincolnshire in England. He is particularly venerated in the Fens of eastern England.
Coastal Coalition (Germany)
The coastal coalition (German: Küstenkoalition), also known as the Schleswig-Holstein traffic light coalition or red-green-blue coalition (rarely also Gambia coalition) is a governing coalition between the SPD, the Greens and the party of the Danish and national Frisian minorities in Schleswig-Holstein, the South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW). The SSW represents both the Danish and the part of the North Frisian ethnic group that considers itself a national minority in South Schleswig.

In the media, the coalition has also been called the "Danish traffic light coalition ." However, this term is controversial, as critics believe it appeals to old resentments against the Danish minority. The name is derived from "traffic light coalition," with the SSW replacing the FDP.

Anke Spoorendonk
Anke Spoorendonk (born 21 September 1947 in Busdorf) is a German politician from the South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW). From 12 June 2012, until 28 June 2017 she was the Minister of Justice, Culture and European Affairs in the state government of Schleswig-Holstein.