hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caledonia
Caledonia (/ˌkælɪˈdoʊniə/; Latin: Calēdonia [kaleːˈdonia]) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the forested region in the central and western Scottish Highlands, particularly stretching through parts of what are now Lochaber, Badenoch, Strathspey, and possibly as far south as Rannoch Moor, known as Coed Celedon (Coed Celyddon using the modern alphabet) to the native Brython (Britons). 
Today, it is used as a romantic or poetic name for all of Scotland. 
During the Roman Empire's occupation of Britain, the area they called Caledonia was physically separated from the rest of the island by the Antonine Wall. It remained outside the administration of Roman Britain.

Latin historians, including Tacitus and Cassius Dio, referred to the territory north of the River Forth as "Caledonia", and described it as inhabited by the Maeatae and the Caledonians (Latin: Caledonii).

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
Charlie van Renen
Charlie van Renen (23 August 1868 – 20 July 1942) was a South African international rugby union player. Born in Constantia, Cape Town, he attended Diocesan College before playing provincial rugby for Western Province. He made three appearances for South Africa, all against the British Isles, one match during the 1891 tour and two in 1896. Van Renen died in 1942, in Retreat, Cape Town, at the age of 73. His brother, Bertie, also played rugby union for South Africa.

Diocesan College
The Diocesan College (commonly known as Bishops) is a private, English medium, boarding and day high school for boys situated in the suburb of Rondebosch in Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The school was established on 2 October 1849 by the Anglican Bishop of Cape Town.
Soviet destroyer Smyshlyony
Smyshlyony is the name of the following ships of the Soviet Navy:

Soviet destroyer Smyshlyony (1940), a Storozhevoy-class destroyer sunk by a mine in 1942

Soviet destroyer Smyshlyony (1966), a Kashin-class destroyer, scrapped in 1994

Storozhevoy-class destroyer
The Storozhevoy class were a group of 18 destroyers built for the Soviet Navy in the late 1930s that were officially known as Project 7U (Uluchshennyy (Improved)). The design was finalised in 1936 after initial disappointments with the Gnevny class. The main changes were unit machinery (four boilers instead of three), a strengthened hull and reduced fuel capacity. The anti-aircraft guns were repositioned to improve firing arcs. The ships fought in World War II.
S-5 rocket
The S-5 (first designated ARS-57) is a rocket weapon developed by the Soviet Air Force and used by military aircraft against ground area targets. It is in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces and various export customers. It is based on the R4M, a German design from World War 2.

It is produced in a variety of sub-types with different warheads, including HEAT anti-armour (S-5K), high-explosive fragmentation (S-5M/MO), smoke, and incendiary rounds. Each rocket is about 1.4 meters (4 feet 7 inches) long and weighs about 5 kg (11 lb), depending on warhead and fuze. Range is 3 to 4 kilometres (1.9 to 2.5 mi).

Military aircraft
A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft that is operated by a legal or insurrectionary military of any type. Some military aircraft engage directly in aerial warfare, while others take on support roles:

Combat aircraft, such as fighters and bombers, are designed to destroy enemy equipment or personnel using their own ordnance. Combat aircraft are typically developed and procured only by military forces.

Non-combat aircraft, such as transports and tankers, are not designed for combat as their primary function but may carry weapons for self-defense. These mainly operate in support roles, and may be developed by either military forces or civilian organizations.
Nøst Island
Nøst Island is an island less than 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) long, 3.7 kilometres (2 nmi) west-southwest of Evans Island in the south part of Holme Bay. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and called by them Nøstet (the boatshed).

Holme Bay
Holme Bay is a bay in Antarctica in Mac. Robertson Land, 22 miles (35 km) wide, containing many islands, indenting the coast 5 miles (8 km) north of the Framnes Mountains. Holme Bay is largely snow-free and was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition in January-February 1937, and named Holmevika because of its island-studded character (holme means "islet" in Norwegian) .
Silves F.C.
Silves Futebol Clube is a Portuguese football club from Silves in the Algarve and playing in the Algarve Football Association's league in the Portuguese District Championships, in the fourth tier of the Portuguese football league system.

The team reached the fifth round (last 16) of the 1982–83 Taça de Portugal, where they lost 1–0 at home to Boavista F.C.

In the 2018–19 Taça de Portugal, Silves was one of two District FA teams to make it into the last 32 of the tournament, alongside F.C. Vale Formoso. They won all three rounds against Campeonato de Portugal (third-tier) teams: S.C. Olhanense, U.S.C. Paredes and G.D. Chaves Satélite.

2018–19 Taça de Portugal
The 2018–19 Taça de Portugal (also known as Taça de Portugal Placard for sponsorship reasons) was the 79th edition of the Taça de Portugal, the premier knockout competition in Portuguese football. The competition began with first-round matches on 8 September 2018 and concluded with the final on 25 May 2019.

This edition was contested by 144 clubs, including teams from the top three tiers of the Portuguese football league system and representatives of the fourth-tier District leagues and cups. This was the first season to allow a fourth substitution during extra time.

Primeira Liga side Desportivo das Aves were the defending champions, but they were eliminated by Braga in the quarter-finals.
The Dancing Master (opera)
The Dancing Master, Op. 34, is a one-act 1952 English-language opera by Malcolm Arnold to a libretto by Joe Mendoza after William Wycherley's 1671 play The Gentleman Dancing Master. Written in 1951-1952 for a BBC commission, it was rejected by the BBC as "too bawdy for family audiences".

Malcolm Arnold
Sir Malcolm Henry Arnold CBE (21 October 1921 – 23 September 2006) was an English composer and conductor. His works feature music in many genres, including a cycle of nine symphonies, numerous concertos, concert works, chamber music, choral music and music for brass band and wind band. His style is tonal and rejoices in lively rhythms, brilliant orchestration, and an unabashed tunefulness. He wrote extensively for the theatre, with five ballets specially commissioned by the Royal Ballet, as well as two operas and a musical. He also produced scores for more than a hundred films, among these The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), for which he won an Oscar.
Ecsenius niue
Ecsenius niue is a species of combtooth blenny. It is found in coral reefs around Niue Island, in the eastern central Pacific Ocean. It can reach a maximum length of 3.1 centimetres. Ecsenius niue feeds primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds. The specific name refers to Niue Island, so far the only location from which E. niue is known.

Combtooth blenny
Combtooth blennies are blenniiformids; percomorph marine fish of the family Blenniidae, part of the order Blenniiformes. They are the largest family of blennies with around 401 known species in 58 genera. Combtooth blennies are found in tropical and subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans; some species are also found in brackish and even freshwater environments.
Layard Jayasundera
Senator Layard Jayasundera as a Ceylonese politician. He was the Minister of Local Government and Housing and the Minister for Internal Security in the cabinet of W. Dahanayake and a member of the Senate of Ceylon.

A tea planter by profession, he was appointed an unofficial member of the Colombo Port Commission in 1956. He succeeded Vimala Wijewardene as Minister of Local Government and Housing and having been appointed to the Senate. In January 1960 he was appointed Minister for Internal Security. The Ceylon Police Force was placed under the Minister and Sydney de Zoysa served as Permanent Secretary.

Dahanayake cabinet
The Dahanayake Cabinet was the central government of Ceylon led by Prime Minister Wijeyananda Dahanayake from 1959 to 1960. It was formed in September 1959 after the assassination of Dahanayake's predecessor S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and ended in March 1960 after the opposition's victory in the parliamentary election.
Cheekpoint
Cheekpoint (Irish: Pointe na Síge) is a village and townland in County Waterford, Ireland,  at the confluence of the River Suir and the River Barrow. Located beneath 150-metre-high Minaun Hill, the village has panoramic views of Waterford Harbour, the 650-metre-long Barrow Bridge and Great Island Power Station. Cheekpoint is also surrounded by the Malting Woods which were planted by Cornelius Bolton.

Great Island Power Station
Great Island Power Station is a gas fired and former heavy fuel oil fired power station situated near Waterford Harbour in Great Island, County Wexford, Ireland, that supplies electricity to more than 500,000 Irish homes. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Barrow and Suir, near Campile. The station opened in 1967 and was operated by the Electricity Supply Board (ESB) with three heavy fuel oil units and a total power of 240 MW since 1972. The station was scheduled to close by 2010, until it was sold to Endesa in January 2009. In October 2012, the plant was acquired by SSE Thermal.

In September 2014, the oil powered units were shut down, and replaced by a new 430 MW combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) gas fired plant on the same site. The project needed a new 44.5 km gas pipeline from the existing transmission network at Baunlusk, 6 km south of Kilkenny city.
Fulletby
Fulletby is a village and a civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is in the Lincolnshire Wolds, and 3 miles (5 km) north-east from Horncastle, 9 miles (14 km) south from Louth, and 8 miles (13 km) north-west from Spilsby. The parish covers approximately 1,950 acres (8 km2). At the time of the 2011 census the population remained less than 100 and is included in the civil parish of Low Toynton.

Lincolnshire Wolds
The Lincolnshire Wolds are a range of low hills in Lincolnshire, England. The hills run roughly parallel with the North Sea coast, from the Humber Estuary just west of the town of Barton-upon-Humber in North Lincolnshire, towards the flat Lincolnshire Fens in the south-east of the county as far south as the East Lindsey village of East Keal. The Wolds form the highest land in eastern England between Yorkshire and Kent.

Natural England define a Lincolnshire Wolds National Character Area covering an area of 844 square kilometres (326 sq mi). Within this, an area of 560 square kilometres (220 sq mi) is designated as the Lincolnshire Wolds National Landscape, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
2017 British Speedway Championship
The 2017 British Speedway Championship was the 57th edition of the British Speedway Championship. Danny King was the defending champion having won the title in 2016. The competition consisted of two semi-finals and a final, with eight riders qualifying from each semi-final. The final took place at the National Speedway Stadium in Belle Vue, Manchester on 19 June 2017 and was won by Craig Cook. It was Cook's first national title, having finished second in the three previous years. He dominated the final, scoring 14 points, before beating Steve Worrall, Ben Barker and Australian Rory Schlein in the deciding race. Schlein was competing in the event on a British racing licence.

Belle Vue, Manchester
Belle Vue is an area of Manchester, England, sited east of the city centre; it is bordered by the Hope Valley Line to the east and the Glossop line to the west. It is part of the electoral ward of Longsight.
Francesco Cupani
Francesco Cupani ( 21 January 1657,  Mirto – 19 January 1710, Palermo ) 
was an Italian naturalist mainly interested in botany.

In 1692 he became the first Director of the botanic garden at Misilmeri. Here the plants were classified a system taxonomy of binomial nomenclature later made standard by Carl Linnaeus. This work put him in contact with many botanists, for instance Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Caspar Commelin, William Sherard, James Petiver, Johann Georg Volckamer, Felice Viali (1638–1722) and Giovanni Battista Trionfetti. He is credited with cultivating wild sweetpeas and introducing them to the world. A sweetpea variety is named for him.

William Sherard
William Sherard (27 February 1659 – 11 August 1728) was an English botanist who, alongside John Ray, was considered to be a highly notable English botanist of his day, though recognition of his work was hampered by his lower class origins.
Balthasar, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
Balthasar of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1520 – 11 January 1568) was the youngest son of Count Philip I of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and his wife, Adriana of Glymes of Bergen, the daughter of John III of Bergen op Zoom.

In 1566, Balthasar succeeded his elder brother Philip II as Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden and Nassau-Idstein.  However, he died only two years later.  He was succeeded by his son John Louis I.

In 1564, Balthasar married Margaret (1543–1612), the daughter of Reinhard of Isenburg-Birstein.  They had a son:

John Louis I (1567–1596)

After Balthasar's death, Margaret married Count George I of Leiningen-Westerburg.

Leiningen family
The House of Leiningen is the name of an old German noble family whose lands lay principally in Alsace, Lorraine, Saarland, Rhineland, and the Palatinate. Various branches of this family developed over the centuries and ruled counties with Imperial immediacy.
Dragon Bravo Fire
The Dragon Bravo Fire was a megafire at the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona. The wildfire was started by lightning. It was initially called in on July 4, 2025. On September 29, 2025, the fire was listed as 100% contained after burning 145,504 acres (58,883 ha). Fire suppression costs on that date reached $135,000,000.

The fire has destroyed 113 structures, including the historic Grand Canyon Lodge.

It became the 7th largest wildfire in Arizona history and was the largest wildfire in the United States excluding Alaska during the 2025 wildfire season.

Arizona State Route 67
State Route 67 (SR 67) is a 43.4-mile-long (69.8 km), north–south state highway in northern Arizona.  Also called the Kaibab Plateau – North Rim Parkway, SR 67 is the sole road that links U.S. Route 89A (US 89A) at Jacob Lake to the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. Along the route, the road heads through the national park as well as Kaibab National Forest and traverses extensive coniferous forests. The section inside the national park is maintained by the National Park Service (NPS), whereas the section north of the entrance, completely within Kaibab National Forest, is owned by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). The road was built in the late 1920s and improved through the 1930s. In 1941, the road received its number, and was given its designation as the parkway in the 1980s. The parkway has received designations as a National Forest Scenic Byway as well as a National Scenic Byway.
Dan Linstedt
Daniel Linstedt is an American data architect and inventor of the data modeling method data vault for data warehouses and business intelligence. He developed the model in the 1990s and published the first version in the early 2000s. In 2012, Data Vault 2.0 was announced and it was released in 2013. In addition to data modeling, the data vault method incorporates process design, database tuning and performance improvements for ETL/ELT, Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) and agile software development.

Dan holds a Bachelor of Science in computer science from California State University, Chico. Since 2020, he has been the chief executive officer (CEO) of DataVaultAlliance Holdings LLC.

Data modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept.
DUF3577 RNA motif
The DUF3577 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
DUF3577 motifs are found in the organism Cardiobacterium valvarum and metagenomic sequences from unknown organisms.

DUF3577 motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes.  Most of these genes are not classified as encoding conserved protein domains.  However, some encode the DUF3577 or DUF39 domain.  The functions of these domains are not known.  Many DUF3577 RNAs are located 5′ to Rho-independent transcription terminators, which, in turn, are 5′ to the start codon of the downstream gene.  These transcription terminators could play a role in the regulatory function of the RNA, although transcription terminators are also often found 3′ to small RNAs that are transcribed independently from downstream genes.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Starr Andreeff
Starr Andreeff is a Canadian producer and former actress from Hamilton, Ontario. She was Miss Teen Hamilton and a semi-finalist in the 1980 Miss Teen Canada pageant. She is best known for her roles in B-movies such as Dance of the Damned, Nightfall, The Terror Within, Out of the Dark, and Amityville Dollhouse. Andreeff appeared as lawyer Jessica Holmes on General Hospital and as Sabrina Cross on Falcon Crest. She also appeared as a guest star on The Golden Girls (S3E2), The Facts of Life, Mike Hammer, Private Eye, and  TekWar.

She created, produced, and starred in the 2014 four-part series Child Star, which aired on Slice Network in Canada.

Mike Hammer, Private Eye
Mike Hammer, Private Eye is an American syndicated television program based on the adventures of the fictitious private detective Mike Hammer, created by novelist Mickey Spillane. Like the previous series, it was produced by Jay Bernstein but in a less hands-on capacity. A total of 26 episodes were produced. The show failed to gain a wide audience and, as a result, it was canceled after only one season. Mike Hammer, Private Eye premiered on September 28, 1997. The final episode of the series aired on June 13, 1998.
Palazzo Salviati (Dorsoduro)
Palazzo Salviati is a palace on the Grand Canal in the Dorsoduro district (or sestieri) in Venice, northern Italy. It is situated between the Palazzo Barbaro Wolkoff and Palazzo Orio Semitecolo Benzon.

Grand Canal (Venice)
The Grand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande [kaˌnal ˈɡrande], locally and informally Canalazzo; Venetian: Canal Grando, locally usually Canałaso [kanaˈɰaso]) is the largest channel in Venice, Italy, forming one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city.

One end of the canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into the basin at San Marco; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts (sestieri) of Venice. It is 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, and 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) wide, with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet).
Ramiro Sepúlveda Aguilar
Ramiro Sepúlveda Aguilar (born 22 November 1911, date of death unknown) was a Chilean industrial worker and socialist politician. Son of Ramiro Sepúlveda and Elena Aguilar, he married Carmen Pérez, with whom he had three children.

Sepúlveda Aguilar worked in the industrial sector, particularly in the production of chemical goods, and served as councillor of the Caja de la Habitación Popular. He was a member of the Socialist Party, becoming part of its Central Committee.

He served as First Councillor (Regidor) of the Municipality of Quinta Normal from 1937 to 1941. He was elected Deputy for the 7th Departamental Group, corresponding to the 1st Metropolitan District (Talagante), for two consecutive legislative periods (1941–1945 and 1945–1949). During his parliamentary career he took part in the Standing Committees on Labour and Social Legislation, Industries, Education, Agriculture and Colonisation.

Socialist Party of Chile
The Socialist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Socialista de Chile, PS) is a centre-left political party founded in 1933.

Its historic leader was President of Chile Salvador Allende, who was deposed in a coup d'état by General Augusto Pinochet in 1973. The military junta immediately banned socialist, Marxist and other leftist political parties. Members of the Socialist party and other leftists were subject to violent suppression, including torture and murder, under the Pinochet dictatorship, and many went into exile.

Twenty-seven years after the 1973 coup, Ricardo Lagos Escobar won the Presidency as the Socialist Party candidate in the 1999–2000 Chilean presidential election. Socialist Michelle Bachelet won the 2005–06 Chilean presidential election. She was the first female president of Chile and was succeeded by Sebastián Piñera in 2010. In the 2013 Chilean general election, she was again elected president, leaving office in 2018.
South Yakutia HPP
The South Yakutia Hydroelectric Complex or South Yakutia HPP is a set of proposed hydroelectric plants in the South Yakutia region of the Russian Far East, on rivers including the Uchur, Timpton, Aldan, and Olyokma.

Aldan (river)
The Aldan (Sakha and Russian: Алдан) is the second-longest right tributary of the Lena in the Sakha Republic in eastern Siberia. The river is 2,273 kilometres (1,412 mi) long, of which around 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) is navigable. It has a drainage basin of 729,000 square kilometres (281,000 sq mi).

The river was part of the River Route to Okhotsk. In 1639 Ivan Moskvitin ascended the rivers Aldan and Maya and crossed to the Ulya to reach the Sea of Okhotsk.

Its basin is known for gold and for Cambrian fossils.