hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Bartlett Maurice
Arthur Bartlett Maurice (1873–1946) was an American editor, born in Rahway, New Jersey, and educated at Richmond College, Virginia, and at Princeton. He was an editor of the Woodbridge Township, New Jersey Register in 1895, as city editor of the Elizabeth, New Jersey Daily Herald in 1896, and as special writer for the New York Commercial Advertiser in 1897–98. At 'cThe Bookman'c, he was joint editor from 1899 to 1909 and editor thereafter. He contributed to the New International Encyclopædia and wrote New York in Fiction (1901), History of the Nineteenth Century in Caricature (1904) with F. T. Cooper, and The Paris of the Novelists (1919).

University of Richmond
The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is a primarily undergraduate, residential institution with approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences; the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business; the Jepson School of Leadership Studies; the University of Richmond School of Law; and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies. It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus".

The university's athletics teams are known as the "Richmond Spiders," after the university's distinctive mascot. A participant in the U.S. Navy's V-12 Navy College Training Program during World War II, Richmond commissions U.S. Army officers through its ROTC program, which is partnered with Hampden-Sydney College and Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.
Clitoridectomy
Clitoridectomy or clitorectomy is the surgical removal, reduction, or partial removal of the clitoris. It is rarely used as a therapeutic medical procedure, such as when cancer has developed in or spread to the clitoris. Commonly, non-medical removal of the clitoris is performed during female genital mutilation.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Most of these disorders involve excessive or deficient production of hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, or sex steroids, and can alter development of primary or secondary sex characteristics in some affected infants, children, or adults. It is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in humans.
R. B. Choudary
Ratanlal Bhagatram Choudary is an Indian film producer who has worked in several film industries, predominantly in Tamil and Telugu along with a few films in Malayalam and Hindi. He is the founder of the production company Super Good Films.

Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil
The Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Tamil (Kollywood) films. The award was first given in 1963. Following is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won.
Yulungshan vole
The Yulungshan vole, Yulong Chinese vole, Yulongxuen Chinese vole, or Yulongxuen red-backed vole (Eothenomys proditor) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, endemic to Jade Dragon Snow Mountain in the Sichuan–Yunnan border region of China.

Jade Dragon Snow Mountain
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (simplified Chinese: 玉龙雪山; traditional Chinese: 玉龍雪山; pinyin: Yùlóng Xuěshān; Naxi: Jingv'lv or Ngv'lv bbei jjuq) is a mountain massif or small mountain range in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Lijiang, in Yunnan province, China. Its highest peak is named Shanzidou or Shan-Tzu-tou (扇子陡) and it is 5,596 m (18,360 ft) above sea level.
Amycolatopsis carbonis
Amycolatopsis is a genus of high GC-content bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The genus is known for producing many types of antibiotics, including Vancomycin, obtained from Amycolatopsis orientalis, is being used for infections resistant to other antibiotics.

Amycolatopsis carbonis is an actinobacterium from the genus Amycolatopsis that has been isolated from a coal mining site soil in Mongolia (Nalaikh coal mining site, Nalaikh, Mongolia). Amycolatopsis carbonis showed broad antifungal activity against several filamentous fungi and also antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. The type strain for Amycolatopsis carbonis is 2-15T=KCTC 39525T=JCM 30563T.

Nalaikh Coal Mine
The Nalaikh Coal Mine (Mongolian: Налайхын уурхай, lit. 'Nalaikh mine') was a coal mine in Nalaikh, around 30 kilometres away from Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. Founded in 1922, it was the first operating mine in the country.
Battle of Sphacteria (1825)
The Battle of Sphacteria took place during the Greek War of Independence on 8 May 1825 in Sphacteria between the Egyptian forces of Ibrahim Pasha and Greek forces led by Captain Anastasios Tsamados along with Alexandros Mavrokordatos.

Greek brig Aris
The brig Aris (Greek: Άρης, named after the god of war, Ares), was one of the most distinguished Greek ships during the Greek War of Independence and continued to serve in the Greek Navy until the early 20th century as a training ship.
Formose reaction
The formose reaction, discovered by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1861, and hence also known as the Butlerov reaction, involves the formation of sugars from formaldehyde. The term formose is a portmanteau of formaldehyde and -ose (a suffix that means "sugar").

Dihydroxyacetone
Dihydroxyacetone (/ˌdaɪhaɪˌdrɒksiˈæsɪtoʊn/ ⓘ; DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula C3H6O3.

DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin.
Former City Hall (Rogers, Arkansas)
The Former City Hall of Rogers, Arkansas is located at 214 West Elm Street.  It is a three-story brick Colonial Revival building, designed by architect A. O. Clark and built in 1929.  The building was used by the city for municipal offices and as a fire station until the 1990s. It is now being converted to residential use.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 (as "Rogers City Hall").

Rogers, Arkansas
Rogers is a city in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 69,908 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 75,639 in 2024, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state. Located in the Ozarks, it is part of the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, which had 546,725 residents in 2020.

Rogers was the location of the first Walmart store, whose corporate headquarters is located in neighboring Bentonville. The city was also the location of the first 7 Brew coffeehouse. Daisy Outdoor Products, known for its air rifles, has both its headquarters and its Airgun Museum in Rogers. The city houses a popular shopping center, the Pinnacle Hills Promenade, and a music venue, the Walmart AMP, that has housed performances by big-name artists and local performers.
Arthur E. Rankin
Arthur E. Rankin (July 24, 1888 – December 7, 1962) was an American teacher and politician.

Born near Dows, Iowa, in Morgan Township, Franklin County, Iowa, Rankin graduated from Dows High School. He served in the United States Navy during World War I. Rankin received his bachelor's degree from Drake University in 1914 and his master's degree from the University of Iowa in 1931. Rankin taught in rural schools and was principal and superintendent of schools. From 1947 to 1951, Rankin served in the Iowa House of Representatives and was a Republican. From 1958 to 1962, Rankin served on the Hampton, Iowa City Council. He then served as mayor of Hampton until his death. Rankin died in a hospital in Mason City, Iowa, after a short illness.

Drake University
Drake University is a private university in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It offers over 140 undergraduate and graduate programs, including professional programs in business, education, law, and pharmacy. Drake University Law School was founded in 1865, which makes it one of the 25 oldest law schools in the United States.
Charlottetown-Hillsborough Park
Charlottetown-Hillsborough Park (District 9) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was created prior to the 2019 election from parts of the former districts Tracadie-Hillsborough Park, York-Oyster Bed, and Charlottetown-Sherwood.

The riding is located in the city of Charlottetown, and includes the neighbourhoods of East Royalty, Hillsborough Park and Falconwood.

East Royalty, Prince Edward Island
East Royalty is a neighbourhood of the Canadian city of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.

East Royalty is located in the northeast portion of the city and occupies the eastern part of the township of Queens Royalty.

Originally a rural farming community, East Royalty became an incorporated village before being amalgamated into Charlottetown on April 1, 1995.
Alain Bugat
Alain Bugat (1948 - 20 January 2019) was a French nuclear engineer, research administrator and chief executive. He headed the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique from 2003 to 2009 and was chief executive of several engineering companies. He is an ingénieur général de l'armement.

Bugat played an active role in bringing public research to practical application.

He was a member of the board of directors of the RATP Group and of the Académie des technologies.

French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) (French: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives) is a French public government-funded research organisation in the areas of energy, defense and security, information technologies and health technologies. The CEA maintains a cross-disciplinary culture of engineers and researchers, building on the synergies between fundamental and technological research.

CEA is headed by a board headed by the general administrator (currently François Jacq since 20 April 2018), advised by the high-commissioner for atomic energy (currently Patrick Landais). Its yearly budget amounts to €5.8 billion and its permanent staff is slightly over 21,000 persons.
Sears Gallagher
Sears Gallagher (April 30, 1869 – June 9, 1955) was an American artist proficient in drawing, etching, watercolor and oil painting. His work consisted largely of landscapes, seascapes, and cityscapes depicting his native Boston and northern New England, especially Monhegan Island, Maine. Illustrating magazines and books provided steady work and income, and his etchings and prints attracted popular demand. Gallagher took his art seriously, adapted new techniques, and was open to the influence of European Impressionism. During the height of his career his watercolors were favorably compared to those of Winslow Homer and F. W. Benson, and his etchings and drypoints to those of James McNeill Whistler.

Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Art competitions were held as part of the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.  Medals were awarded in five categories (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture), for works inspired by sport-related themes.

Art competitions were part of the Olympic program from 1912 to 1948, but were discontinued due to concerns about amateurism and professionalism.  Since 1952, a non-competitive art and cultural festival has been associated with each game.
Futuna Chapel
41°16′54″S 174°44′19″E﻿ / ﻿41.2818°S 174.7387°E﻿ / -41.2818; 174.7387

Futuna Chapel is a building in Wellington, New Zealand designed by the architect John Scott.

Built by the brothers of the Society of Mary, the chapel is named after the Pacific Island of Futuna on which the missionary Peter Chanel, to whom the project is dedicated, was martyred in 1841.  It was awarded the New Zealand Institute of Architects gold medal in 1968 and its 25-year Award in 1986. The Historic Places Trust has placed it on its register as a Category 1 Historic Site.

Society of Mary (Marists)
The Society of Mary (Latin: Societas Mariæ), better known as the Marists, is a Catholic religious congregation of pontifical right. Founded in Cerdon, France, by Jean-Claude Colin, the Society of Mary was recognized by an apostolic brief on April 29, 1836, and is made up of several branches (fathers, brothers, sisters, third order).
Thomas Louis Heylen
Thomas Louis Heylen OPraem (1856–1941) was a Belgian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the twenty-sixth bishop of Namur in Belgium (1899–1941). He also served as President of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses.

Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses
The Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses is part of the Roman Curia of the Roman Catholic Church. It was erected in 1879 by Pope Leo XIII. Its statutes were last updated by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009.
Zhu Changying
Zhu Changying (25 April 1597 – 21 December 1645), formally known as Prince Duan of Gui, was a prince of the Ming dynasty and the seventh son of the Wanli Emperor. He was the father of the Yongli Emperor, the last Southern Ming emperor.

After his son became emperor, he was posthumously honoured as Emperor Duan (端皇帝), with the temple name of Lizong (禮宗).

Prince of Gui (Ming dynasty)
Prince of Gui (Chinese: 桂王), was a first-rank princely peerage used during the Ming dynasty, this peerage title was created by the Wanli Emperor. The first Prince of Gui was Zhu Changying, 7th son of the Wanli Emperor. This peerage had 6 cadet commandery princely peerages; none of these second-rank peerages were inherited. The last Southern Ming emperor, Zhu Youlang (Yongli Emperor), was a member of this peerage.
Nettspend
Gunner Shepardson (born March 18, 2007), professionally known as Nettspend, is an American rapper and songwriter. He gained popularity after a snippet of his song "Drankdrankdrank" went viral on Twitter in late 2023.

Growing up surrounded by music, Nettspend began rapping while in fifth grade. After releasing multiple singles, he signed with rapper Lil Bibby's label Grade A Productions, in a joint venture with Interscope Records, and later released his debut mixtape, Bad Ass F*cking Kid, on December 6, 2024.

Nettspend's musical style is rooted in hip hop subgenres such as trap and jerk, characterized by "distorted 808s", "loose piano riffs", and "glimmering synths". He is an affiliate of Xaviersobased's collective 1c34, which helped pioneer and popularize the jerk microgenre during the early 2020s.

Microgenre
A microgenre is a specialized or niche genre, often used to describe narrowly defined subcategories within music, literature, film, or art.  The term has been in use since at least the 1970s, particularly in the context of music, where it refers to specific stylistic offshoots of prominent genres, such as the many sub-subgenres of heavy metal and electronic music.

Originally, microgenres were labels retroactively applied by record collectors and dealers, often to increase the perceived value of rare or obscure recordings. Early examples include Northern soul, freakbeat, garage punk, and sunshine pop.

By the late 2000s and early 2010s, the creation and dissemination of microgenres had become increasingly associated with internet culture, where online platforms facilitated their rapid emergence, which was often tied to internet aesthetics and online trends. Notable internet-based microgenres include chillwave, witch house, seapunk, shitgaze, dreampunk, and vaporwave.
Fatehgarh Sahib district
Fatehgarh Sahib district is one of the twenty-three districts of the state of Punjab, India, with its headquarters in the town of Fatehgarh Sahib.

The district came into existence on 13 April 1992, Baisakhi Day and derives its name from Sahibzada Fateh Singh, the youngest son of 10th Guru Gobind Singh, who along with his brother was bricked-up alive on the orders of Suba Sirhind, Wazir Khan in 1704, and which is now the site of the 'Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib'.

As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Barnala.

Wazir Khan (Sirhind)
Mirza Askari (Persian: میرزا عسکری, c. 1635 – 12 May 1710), better known by his title Wazir Khan, was an Indian nobleman of Persian descent in the Mughal Empire, primarily active in the Punjab. He served as a military commander (faujdar), tax collector (dewan), and deputy governor in the Sirhind region of the Delhi Subah. He was a mansabdar of 5,000 zat (infantry) and 4,000 swars (cavalry).

Wazir Khan administered territory that lay between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers as the regional deputy governor under such Delhi governors as Munim Khan II and Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I. He is best known for his conflicts with the Sikhs.
Alice Glockner Nature Reserve
Alice Glockner Nature Reserve, in Gauteng, South Africa, is a 168-hectare (420-acre) nature reserve located south of Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve. It has altitudes between 1,600 and 1,700 metres (5,200 and 5,600 ft) above sea level. The closest town is Heidelberg, Gauteng. It contains several threatened or endangered species including Delosperma macellum and the Heidelberg copper butterfly (Chrysoritis aureus).

The floral wealth of the Alice Glockner is confirmed by the complex grass vegetation and the support of no more than 16 proven plants of significant medicinal value.

Heidelberg, Gauteng
Heidelberg is a town with 35,500 inhabitants in the Gauteng province of South Africa, some 50 kilometres south-east of Johannesburg, close to the Mpumalanga border. It sits at the eastern end of the Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, next to the N3 highway connecting Johannesburg and Durban.
Trianglen Waiting Hall
Trianglen Waiting Hall, also known as The Bee (Danish: Bien), or more rarely as the Soup Bowl (Danish: Suppeterrinen)) or The Turtle (Danish: Skildpadden), as a reference to the plump shape of the building, is a former tramway waiting hall on Trianglen in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The Art Nouveau style building was constructed in 1907 to designs by Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint in collaboration with his employee Povl Baumann.

Østerbro
Østerbro (Danish pronunciation: [ˈøstɐˌpʁoˀ]) is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. It is located just north of the city centre, outside the old city gate Østerport which, after it was moved around 1700, used to be located close to present-day Østerport Station. From the beginning, Østerbro has been a wealthy district, and it remains one of the most affluent areas in Copenhagen.
Altericroceibacterium indicum
Altericroceibacterium indicum is a gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Altericroceibacterium which has been isolated from the rhizosphere from the rice plant Oryza coarctata (syn. Porteresia coarctata) in Pichavaram in India.

Pichavaram
11°25′57″N 79°46′51″E﻿ / ﻿11.43250°N 79.78083°E﻿ / 11.43250; 79.78083

Pichavaram is one of the villages of Parangipettai near Chidambaram in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located between the Vellar estuary in the north and Coleroon estuary in the south. The Vellar-Coleroon estuarine complex forms the Killai backwater and the mangroves that are permanently rooted in a few feet of water. It is located at a distance of 243 km from Chennai and 15 km from Chidambaram.
Hermite–Minkowski theorem
In mathematics, especially in algebraic number theory, the Hermite–Minkowski theorem states that for any integer N there are only finitely many number fields, i.e., finite field extensions K of the rational numbers Q, such that the discriminant of K/Q is at most N.  The theorem is named after Charles Hermite and Hermann Minkowski.

This theorem is a consequence of the estimate for the discriminant

where n is the degree of the field extension, together with Stirling's formula for n!. This inequality also shows that the discriminant of any number field strictly bigger than Q is not ±1, which in turn implies that Q has no unramified extensions.

Hermann Minkowski
Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, ETH Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, Lithuanian-German, or Russian. He created and developed the geometry of numbers and elements of convex geometry, and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.

Minkowski is perhaps best known for his foundational work describing space and time as a four-dimensional space, now known as "Minkowski spacetime", which facilitated geometric interpretations of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905).
Ubud Writers & Readers Festival
Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (UWRF) is an annual four-day literary festival held every October in Ubud on the island of Bali, Indonesia. Established in 2004, it is considered Southeast Asia’s biggest and most meaningful literary Festival. It hosts up to 170 writers and artists from all corners of the world. Discussions on cultural, literary and political issues are held alongside book launches, film premieres, long-table lunches, workshops, readings, live music, village walks and performances. It is organised by the not-for-profit foundation Yayasan Mudra Swari Saraswati.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Pavlov (Jihlava District)
Pavlov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpavlof]) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Pavlov lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Jihlava and 125 km (78 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Sean Olson
Sean Olson (born February 4, 1976) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and editor. He began as an editor for KPHO-TV, KMGH-TV, Extra-TV, Crime Watch Daily, How the Garcia Girls Spent Their Summer (2005) and Wyatt Earp's Revenge (2012). He has directed The Contractor (2013), The Other Mother (2017), and FREDI (2018) for which he was awarded Best of Fest  at the Bentonville Film Festival.

In 2019, he directed Max Winslow and the House of Secrets, which won Best Feature Film  at the Burbank International Film Festival. Max Winslow opened at number 2 at the box office in May 2020.

Sean directed and edited episodes of the We Tv series Kold x Windy (2023) and Camp Hideout (Christopher Lloyd, Corbin Bleu) which will release theatrically in the United States in September 2023.

Burbank International Film Festival
The Burbank International Film Festival (BIFF) is an annual film festival held since 2009 in Burbank, California, United States. It was founded by Val Tonione, and awards are distributed to filmmakers that have focused on social and environmental issues.

In 2023, the festival honored filmmaker Tim Burton at their 15th annual film festival.