hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Art valuation
Art valuation, an art-specific subset of financial valuation, is the process of estimating the market value of works of art. As such, it is more of a financial rather than an aesthetic concern, however, subjective views of cultural value play a part as well. Art valuation involves comparing data from multiple sources such as art auction houses, private and corporate collectors, curators, art dealer activities, gallerists (gallery owners), experienced consultants, and specialized market analysts to arrive at a value. Art valuation is accomplished not only for collection, investment, divestment, and financing purposes, but as part of estate valuations, for charitable contributions, for tax planning, insurance, and loan collateral purposes. This article deals with the valuation of works of fine art, especially contemporary art, at the top end of the international market, but similar principles apply to the valuation of less expensive art and antiques.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Robert Desoille
Robert Desoille (May 29, 1890 - October 10, 1966) was a French psychotherapist. A graduate of the Sorbonne and École centrale de Lille, he worked at EDF and he became known for his studies on waking dreams.

Desoille was born in Besançon into a family of military officers and began a scientific education in engineering that he would never complete after being mobilized in World War I. After his 1923 meeting with Colonel Eugène Caslant, who introduced him to an experimental mental imaging technique, he developed his method of the "directed waking dream" (rêve eveillé dirigé, or RED), explicating it in seven books.

Hypnagogia
Hypnagogia is the transitional state from wakefulness to sleep, also defined as the waning state of consciousness during the onset of sleep. Its corresponding state is hypnopompia‍—‍‌sleep to wakefulness. Mental phenomena that may occur during this "threshold consciousness" include hallucinations, lucid dreaming, and sleep paralysis.
Battle of the Utus
The Battle of the Utus was fought in 447 between the army of the Eastern Roman Empire, and the Huns led by Attila at Utus, a river that is today the Vit in Bulgaria. It was the last of the bloody pitched battles between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Huns, as the former attempted to stave off the Hunnic invasion.

The details about Attila's campaign which culminated in the battle of Utus, as well as the events afterwards, are obscure. Only a few short passages from Byzantine sources (Jordanes' Romana, the chronicle of Marcellinus Comes, and the Paschal Chronicle) are available. As with the whole activity of Attila's Huns in the Balkans, the fragmentary evidence does not permit an undisputed reconstruction of the events.

Marcellinus Comes
Marcellinus Comes (Greek: Μαρκελλίνος ό Κόμης, died c. 534) was a Latin chronicler of the Eastern Roman Empire. An Illyrian by birth, he spent most of his life at the court of Constantinople. His only surviving work, the Chronicle, focuses on the Eastern Roman Empire.
Karagi-ye Pain
Karagi-ye Pain (Persian: كرگي پائين, also Romanized as Karagī-ye Pā’īn; also known as Karag) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 140, in 24 families.

Bahu Kalat Rural District
Bahu Kalat Rural District (Persian: دهستان باهوكلات) is in Bahu Kalat District of Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dempak Bazar. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Bahu Kalat.
Universe 4
Universe 4 is an anthology of original science fiction short stories edited by Terry Carr, the fourth volume in the seventeen-volume Universe anthology series. It was first published in hardcover by Random House in March 1974, with a Science Fiction Book Club edition following from the same publisher in July of the same year, a paperback edition from Popular Library in 1975, and a British hardcover edition from Dennis Dobson in 1977.

The book collects eight novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors.

Popular Library
Popular Library is a New York paperback book company established in 1942 by Leo Margulies and Ned Pines, who at the time were major pulp magazine and newspaper publishers.  The company's logo of a pine tree was a tribute to Pines, and another Popular Library signature visual was a reduced black-and-white copy of the front cover on the title page.

A native of Malden, Massachusetts, Pines became the president of Pines Publications in 1928 and continued to lead the company until 1961. He was the president of Popular Library from 1942 to 1966 and its chairman from 1966 to 1968. Retiring in 1971, he continued to work as a consultant.
Zimoveysky
Zimoveysky (Russian: Зимовейский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Tryokhostrovskoye Rural Settlement, Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 136 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Ilovlinsky District
Ilovlinsky District (Russian: Иловли́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Ilovlinsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,155 square kilometers (1,604 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Ilovlya. Population: 33,168 (2010 Census); 34,358 (2002 Census); 31,678 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ilovlya accounts for 33.9% of the district's total population.
Comatose Comes Alive
Comatose Comes Alive is the second live album by American Christian rock band Skillet, which peaked at No. 164 on the Billboard 200. It is the band's first combination CD/DVD of live recording, as their first official live album was 2000's Ardent Worship, a worship album recorded live. The band's first live DVD was the Alien Youth DVD, which featured an acoustic performance. Comatose Comes Alive was recorded at the Tivoli Theatre on May 9, 2008, in Chattanooga, Tennessee and was released on October 21, 2008. The album is a CD of the concert's audio and a DVD capturing the live show. However, John Cooper's speech after "Savior" is cut from the CD. This is also the first release to feature Jen Ledger on drums.

Tivoli Theatre (Chattanooga, Tennessee)
The Tivoli Theatre, also known as the Tivoli and the "Jewel of the South", is a historic theatre in Chattanooga, Tennessee, that opened on March 19, 1921. Built between 1919 and 1921 at a cost of $750,000, designed by famed Chicago-based architectural firm Rapp and Rapp and well-known Chattanooga architect Reuben H. Hunt, and constructed by the John Parks Company (general contractors), the theatre was one of the first air-conditioned public buildings in the United States. The theatre was named Tivoli after Tivoli, Italy, has cream tiles and beige terra-cotta bricks, has a large red, black, and white marquee with 1,000 chaser lights, and has a large black neon sign that displays TIVOLI with still more chaser lights.
Trevor Bates
Trevor Bates (born August 28, 1993) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Maine Black Bears, and was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the seventh round of the 2016 NFL draft. He won Super Bowl LI with the New England Patriots, beating the Atlanta Falcons.

Maine Black Bears football
The Maine Black Bears football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Maine located in the U.S. state of Maine. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference. Maine's first football team was fielded in 1892. The team plays its home games at the 8,419 seat Alfond Stadium in Orono, Maine.
Parish of Teltawongee
Teltawongee is a remote civil parish located at 30°40′23″S 141°57′10″E﻿ / ﻿30.673056°S 141.952778°E﻿ / -30.673056; 141.952778 in Mootwingee County western New South Wales.

The area is semi arid and major features of the Parish include Pancannia Lake and Packsaddle Creek. It gives its name to the Teltawongee beds, geological formation. the parish is almost unpopulated, with less than two inhabitants per square kilometer. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (hot desert).

The parish is east of the Silver City Highway, and the nearest settlement is Packsaddle, New South Wales 2 km to the north.

Mootwingee County
Mootwingee County, New South Wales is one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales.

Mootwingee is believed to be derived from a local Aboriginal word and is also the name of a nearby pastoral station. It is now a part of Mutawintji National Park; and  a landmark for the aboriginal people.
Athletics at the 1978 Central American and Caribbean Games
The athletics competition at the 1978 Central American and Caribbean Games was held at the Estadio Atanasio Girardot in Medellín, Colombia.

It was the first time that women's 1500 metres and 4 × 400 metres relay events were held at the Games. It was also the last appearance of women's pentathlon before being replaced by the heptathlon from the next edition on.

Women's pentathlon
The pentathlon or women's pentathlon is a combined track and field event in which each woman competes in five separate events over one day (formerly two days). The distance or time for each event is converted to points via scoring tables, with the overall ranking determined by total points. Since 1949 the events have been sprint hurdling, high jump, shot put, long jump, and a flat race. The sprint hurdles distance was 80 m outdoors until 1969 and thereafter 100 m; in indoor pentathlon the distance is 60 m. The flat race was 200 m until 1976 and thereafter 800 m.  In elite-level outdoor competition, the pentathlon was superseded in 1981 by the heptathlon, which has seven events, with both 200 m and 800 m, as well as the javelin throw. Pentathlon is still contested at school and masters level and indoors.
Enstratius
Enstratius (formerly enStratus) was a cloud computing infrastructure management platform founded in Minneapolis in 2008. It was intended to address governance issues associated with deploying systems in public, private, and hybrid clouds.  
More than twenty public and private clouds are supported, as well as configuration management tools such as Chef and Puppet.  Enstratius supports both SaaS and on-premises deployment models.

Enstratius was headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, with remote workers across the United States, and offices in Auckland, New Zealand, and Edinburgh, Scotland. It was purchased by Dell in 2013 and ceased operations as a separate entity by 2016.

Puppet (software)
Puppet is a software configuration management tool used to manage stages of the IT infrastructure lifecycle.

Puppet uses an open-core model; its free-software version was released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL) until version 2.7.0, and later releases use the Apache License, while Puppet Enterprise uses a proprietary license. Puppet and Puppet Enterprise operate on multiple Unix-like systems (including Linux, Solaris, BSD, Mac OS X, AIX, HP-UX) and has Microsoft Windows support. Puppet itself is written in Ruby. Facter, Puppet’s cross-platform system profiling library, is also written in Ruby. Puppet Server and Puppet DB are written in Clojure.

It is developed by Puppet Inc., which is owned by Perforce, which is owned in turn by private equity firms.
Trails of Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park has over 1,100 miles (1,800 km) of blazed and mapped hiking trails, including some that have been in use for hundreds of years.  Several of these trails were the sites of historical events.  Yellowstone's trails are noted for various geysers, hot springs, and other geothermal features, and for viewing of bald eagles, ospreys, grizzly bears, black bears, wolves, coyotes, bighorn sheep, pronghorns, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk.

Osprey
The osprey (/ˈɒspri, -preɪ/; Pandion haliaetus), historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than 60 cm (24 in) in length and a wingspan of 180 cm (71 in). It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts.

The osprey tolerates a wide variety of habitats, nesting in any location near a body of water providing an adequate food supply. It is found on all continents except Antarctica, although in South America it occurs only as a non-breeding migrant.

As its other common names suggest, the osprey's diet consists almost exclusively of fish. It possesses specialised physical characteristics and unique behaviour in hunting its prey. Because of its unique characteristics it is classified in its own taxonomic genus, Pandion, and family, Pandionidae.
Theodore Slaman
Theodore Allen Slaman (born April 17, 1954) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley who works in recursion theory.

Slaman and W. Hugh Woodin formulated the Bi-interpretability Conjecture for the Turing degrees, which conjectures that the partial order of the Turing degrees is logically equivalent to second-order arithmetic.  They showed that the Bi-interpretability Conjecture is equivalent to there being no nontrivial automorphism of the Turing degrees.  They also exhibited limits on the possible automorphisms of the Turing degrees by showing that any automorphism will be arithmetically definable.

Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partial order on a set is an arrangement such that, for certain pairs of elements, one precedes the other. The word partial is used to indicate that not every pair of elements needs to be comparable; that is, there may be pairs for which neither element precedes the other. Partial orders thus generalize total orders, in which every pair is comparable.

Formally, a partial order is a homogeneous binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair  consisting of a set  (called the ground set of ) and a partial order  on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set  itself is sometimes called a poset.
Yang Yan (powerlifter)
Yang Yan (born 13 November 1985) is a Chinese paralympic powerlifter. She participated at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in the powerlifting competition, being awarded the bronze medal in the women's 52 kg event. Yan also participated at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the powerlifting competition, being awarded the silver medal in the women's 60 kg event. She participated at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in the powerlifting competition, being awarded the bronze medal in the women's 61 kg event.

Powerlifting at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Powerlifting at the 2016 Summer Paralympics was held at Riocentro from September, with a maximum of 180 athletes (100 men and 80 women), competing in 20 events. According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which cannot participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics.
HMS Fury (1845)
HMS Fury was a Bulldog-class sloop designed by Sir William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy. She was ordered on 19 February 1844. After commissioning she sailed for the East Indies and participated in action against pirate junks near Vietnam. She then was in the Black Sea for the Crimean War followed by the Second Opium War with China. She was sold for breaking in July 1864.

Fury was the eighth named vessel since it was used for a 14-gun sloop, launched by Lime & Mackenzie of Leith on 18 March 1779 and broken in April 1787.

Surveyor of the Navy
The Surveyor of the Navy,  originally known as Surveyor and Rigger of the Navy, held overall responsibility for the design of British warships from 1745. He was a principal commissioner and member of the Navy Board from the inauguration of that body in 1546 until the Board was abolished in 1832 and its operational functions taken over by the Board of Admiralty. In 1860 the office was renamed Controller of The Navy until 1869, when the office was merged with that of the Third Naval Lord. The Department of the Surveyor of the Navy was replaced by the Department of the Director of Dockyards in 1872.
CSI 300 Index
The CSI 300 (Chinese: 沪深300; pinyin: Hù Shēn Sānbǎi) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to replicate the performance of the top 300 stocks traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. It has two sub-indexes: the CSI 100 Index and the CSI 200 Index. Over the years, it has been deemed the Chinese counterpart of the S&P 500 index and a better gauge of the Chinese stock market than the more traditional SSE Composite Index.

The index is compiled by the China Securities Index Company, Ltd.

It has been calculated since April 8, 2005. Its value is normalized relative to a base of 1000 on December 31, 2004.

It is considered to be a blue chip index for Mainland China stock exchanges.

Capitalization-weighted index
A capitalization-weighted (or cap-weighted) index, also called a market-value-weighted index is a stock market index whose components are weighted according to the total market value of their outstanding shares.  Every day an individual stock's price changes and thereby changes a stock index's value. The impact that individual stock's price change has on the index is proportional to the company's overall market value (the share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares), in a capitalization-weighted index. In other types of indices, different ratios are used.

For example, the NYSE Amex Composite Index (XAX) is composed of all of the securities traded on the exchange including stocks and American depositary receipts (ADRs). The weighting of each component shifts with changes to each securities' price and the number of shares outstanding. The index moves in line with changes in price of the component.

Stock market indices are a type of economic index.
WPBA Tour
The Women's Professional Billiard Association Tour (known as the WPBA Tour) is a series of professional women's pool tournaments first held in 1992. Events on the tour are operated by the Women's Professional Billiard Association (WPBA). Events in the Tour feature the women's U.S. Open Nine-ball Championship, the WPBA Masters, and the WPBA Tour Championship. The series runs a world ranking format, based on the results of the prior six events.

The Tour followed the WPBA receding from the Professional Billiard Tour Association (PBTA) the year prior.

U.S. Open Pool Championship
The U.S. Open Pool Championship, formerly the U.S. Open Nine-ball Championship, is an annual professional men's nine-ball pool tournament that began in its current form in 1976. The U.S. Open is one of the most sought-after titles in nine-ball and in pool generally. Traditionally, winners of the U.S. Open are given a green blazer and are awarded free entry fees to all future U.S. Open tournaments.
Kiira Riihijärvi
Kiira Riihijärvi (born 29 April 1997) is a Finnish professional golfer. In 2022, she won Ann Arbor's Road to the LPGA on the Epson Tour, and finished 4th on the money list to graduate to the LPGA Tour.

European Ladies' Team Championship
The European Ladies' Team Championship is a European amateur team golf championship for women organised by the European Golf Association. The inaugural event was held in 1959.

It was played in odd-numbered years from 1959 to 2007 and has been played annually since 2008 (with the exception of 2012).
Brynbella
Brynbella is a neoclassical villa built near the village of Tremeirchion in Denbighshire, northeast Wales, by Hester Piozzi and her husband, Gabriel Piozzi. It was the seat of the Salusbury family from 1794 until 1920. The name is part Welsh and part Italian, meaning "Beautiful Hill" (bryn + bella).

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
Feng Yu (synchronized swimmer)
Feng Yu (Chinese: 冯雨, born 30 September 1999) is a Chinese synchronised swimmer. She won a gold medal (China's first ever) and two silver medals at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. She also won four silver medals at the 2016 Asian Swimming Championships.

2016 Asian Swimming Championships
The 10th Asian Swimming Championships were held 14–20 November 2016 in Tokyo, Japan.

The Championships is organized by the Asia Aquatics and in 2016 featured competition in 4 of the 5 Aquatics disciplines in 56 events:

Swimming: 17–20 November (long course) (38);

Synchronized Swimming: 17–20 November (8);

Water Polo: 14–20 November (2); and

Diving: 17–20 November (8).
RepliWeb
RepliWeb, Inc. is a computer software manufacturer that develops Web content deployment, file synchronization, managed file transfer, and SharePoint application lifecycle services. Its headquarters is in Coconut Creek, Florida, with other office locations in London, United Kingdom and Petah-Tikva, Israel.

Coconut Creek, Florida
Coconut Creek is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. Situated 37 miles (60 km) north of Miami, it had an estimated population of 57,348 in 2022. It is part of South Florida's Fort Lauderdale metropolitan area. The city seceded from Pompano Beach in the 1960s. It is nicknamed "Butterfly Capital of the World" because it is home to Butterfly World, the world's largest butterfly aviary, with over 80 species and 20,000 individual butterflies.