hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Favorskii rearrangement
In organic chemistry, the Favorskii rearrangement is a reaction of α-halo ketones with a nucleophilic base to acyl derivatives.  In the rearrangement, the substrate extrudes the carbonyl carbon to a primary position, which then acylates the base.  In the case of cyclic α-halo ketones, the Favorskii rearrangement constitutes a ring contraction:

Acyl group
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group (R−C=O) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group (H−C=O). In organic chemistry, the acyl group (IUPAC name alkanoyl if the organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen. Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids. In the most common arrangement, acyl groups are attached to a larger molecular fragment, in which case the carbon and oxygen atoms are linked by a double bond.
Bohdan Khmelnytsky Monument, Kyiv
The Bohdan Khmelnytsky Monument (Ukrainian: Пам'ятник Богданові Хмельницькому, romanized: Pamiatnyk Bohdanovi Khmelnytskomu) is a monument in Kyiv dedicated to Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the first Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host. It was built in 1888 and is one of the oldest sculptural monuments in Kyiv. It is a dominating feature of Sophia Square and one of the city's symbols.

The monument is located almost in the middle of the Sophia Square (formerly the main city's square) on the axis that unites both belltowers of the Sophia Cathedral and the St. Michael's Monastery.

Here on 23 December 1648, residents of Kyiv met Khmelnytsky leading his Cossacks' regiments entering the city through the Golden Gates soon after the victory over Polish Army at the Battle of Pyliavtsi.

Battle of Pyliavtsi
The Battle of Pyliavtsi (Ukrainian: Битва під Пилявцями, Polish: Bitwa pod Piławcami; 21–23 September 1648) was the third significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Pyliava in Ukraine, a forces of the Zaporozhian Host and Crimean Khanate under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Otaman Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, Colonel Maksym Kryvonis and Tugay Bey attacked and decisively defeated the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces under the command of Princes Władysław Dominik Zasławski-Ostrogski and Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Noblemans Mikołaj Ostroróg and Aleksander Koniecpolski with Magnate Janusz Tyszkiewicz.
Bolduc
Bolduc is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Blanche Bolduc (1906 or 1907 – 1998), Canadian folk artist

Dan Bolduc (born 1953), American ice hockey player

Don Bolduc (born 1962), American general and politician

Jean-Baptiste-Zacharie Bolduc (1818–1889), Canadian Jesuit

Joseph Bolduc (1847–1924), Canadian politician

La Bolduc (Mary Rose-Anna Bolduc née Travers, 1894–1941), Canadian singer and musician

Nicolas Bolduc (born 1973), cinematographer

Roch Bolduc (born 1928), Canadian politician

Samuel Bolduc (born 2000), Canadian ice hockey player

Yves Bolduc (born 1957), Canadian politician and doctor

Zachary Bolduc (born 2003), Canadian ice hockey player

Roch Bolduc
Roch Bolduc OC CQ (born September 10, 1928) is a former Canadian civil servant and Senator from the province of Quebec.

Born in Saint-Raphaël, Quebec, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1948 and a Doctorate of Law degree in 1951 from Université Laval.

He was summoned to the Senate in 1988 on the advice of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and represented the senatorial division of Gulf, Quebec. He sat as a Progressive Conservative and retired in 2003. In 1984, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1998, he was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec.
2023 Tennis in the Land
The 2023 Tennis in the Land event was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Topnotch Stadium, a temporary tennis-specific stadium built in The Flats in Cleveland, Ohio. It was the third edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 category of the 2023 WTA Tour.

Tamara Korpatsch
Tamara Korpatsch (born 12 May 1995) is a German tennis player.
She has a career-high singles WTA ranking of No. 71, achieved on 23 October 2023, and doubles ranking of No. 290, achieved on 21 October 2024. Korpatsch owns one singles title on the WTA Tour. She has also won one singles title on WTA Challenger Tour and eleven singles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Maurice Bembridge
Maurice Bembridge (21 February 1945 – 2 March 2024) was an English professional golfer. Early in his career he had some success on the British PGA, winning the 1969 News of the World Match Play and the 1971 Dunlop Masters. He would go on to win six times on the British PGA's successor circuit, the European Tour. He also had some success overseas, winning the New Zealand Golf Circuit's Caltex Tournament in 1970 and the Kenya Open three times. Late in his career, Bembridge had some success on the European Senior Tour, winning twice.

PGA Assistants' Championship
The PGA Assistants' Championship is a golf tournament for golf club assistant professionals. It is held by the British PGA. The first championship was held in 1930 but earlier national tournaments for assistant professionals had been held since 1910.
The Visit (1964 film)
The Visit is a 1964 drama film directed by Bernhard Wicki, adapted by Ben Barzman and Maurice Valency from Friedrich Dürrenmatt's 1956 play of the same name. It stars Ingrid Bergman and Anthony Quinn, who also produced. Irina Demick, Paolo Stoppa, Hans Christian Blech, Romolo Valli, Valentina Cortese and Claude Dauphin play supporting roles.

An international co-production between American, French, West German and Italian companies, The Visit premiered at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. It was released in the United States on September 17, 1964, and received generally positive reviews.

Romolo Valli
Romolo Valli (7 February 1925 – 1 February 1980) was an Italian actor.

Valli was born in Reggio Emilia. He was one of the best-known Italian actors from the 1950s to his death. He worked for both the stage and the silver screen. Among the directors he collaborated with were Vittorio De Sica, Sergio Leone, Roman Polanski, Roger Vadim, and Luchino Visconti, who cast Valli in three feature films (The Leopard, Death in Venice, Conversation Piece) and the episode Il lavoro of Boccaccio '70. Valli died in a car accident, at age 54.
Federal University of the São Francisco Valley
The Federal University of the São Francisco Valley (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF) is a publicly funded university serving the São Francisco Valley in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia and Piauí in Brazil. It is headquartered in Petrolina and has campuses in the municipalities of Juazeiro, Senhor do Bonfim, and Paulo Afonso, Bahia; Petrolina, and Salgueiro Pernambuco; and São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí. In 2019, the university enrolled a total of 6,211 students across all campuses in 31 programs of study.

In 2019, Folha de São Paulo ranked UNIVASF 106th nationally, with its animal science program ranked in the top 25.

Animal science
Animal science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind". It can also be described as the production and management of farm animals. Historically, the degree was called animal husbandry and the animals studied were livestock species, like ruminant animals such as; cattle, sheep and goat, non-ruminant such as; pigs, poultry, rabbit, snails and horses are studied. Today, courses available look at a broader area, including companion animals, like dogs and cats, and many exotic species. Degrees in Animal Science are offered at a number of colleges and universities. Animal science degrees are often offered at land-grant universities, which will often have on-campus farms to give students hands-on experience with livestock animals.
Oeceoclades calcarata
Oeceoclades calcarata is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is endemic to Madagascar. It was first described by the British botanist Robert Allen Rolfe in 1905 as Eulophia paniculata. The German botanist Rudolf Schlechter later described this species as Cymbidium calcaratum in 1915 and then transferred his own taxon to the genus Eulophia (as E. calcarata) in 1925. When Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor revised the genus Oeceoclades in 1976, they transferred this species to the expanded Oeceoclades as O. calcarata because even though Eulophia paniculata was the older name and thus had priority, there had already been an earlier species named Oeceoclades paniculata (so named by John Lindley and now recognized as a species in the genus Robiquetia) that prevented using that specific epithet.

Garay and Taylor noted that among all the species in the genus Oeceoclades, this one is unique in possessing a forward-projecting spur under the labellum.

Leslie Andrew Garay
Leslie Andrew Garay (August 6, 1924 – August 19, 2016), born Garay László András, was an American botanist. He was the curator of the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium at Harvard University, where he succeeded Charles Schweinfurth in 1958.  In 1957 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.
Langcaster Guitars
Langcaster Guitars is a New Zealand guitar brand founded by Dutchman Joh Lang.

The Langcaster Guitar is distinctive for its unique prehistoric swamp kauri body and intricate patterns made from the roots of the native New Zealand Kauri tree. Carbon dating carried out by the scientists at the University of Waikato in New Zealand and the University of Groningen in the Netherlands has found wood used in the guitar bodies to be more than 35,000 years old.
Notable players of Langcaster Guitars include Jan Akkerman, Kara Gordon, and Arli Liberman.

Agathis
Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees, native to Australasia and Southeast Asia. It is one of three extant genera in the family Araucariaceae, alongside Wollemia and Araucaria (being more closely related to the former). Its leaves are much broader than most conifers. Kauri gum was historically commercially harvested from living New Zealand kauri and from swamp ground.
Specific Area Message Encoding
Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) is a protocol used for framing and classification of broadcasting emergency warning messages.  It was developed by the United States National Weather Service for use on its NOAA Weather Radio (NWR) network, and was later adopted by the Federal Communications Commission for the Emergency Alert System, then subsequently by Environment Canada for use on its Weatheradio Canada service. It is also used to set off receivers in Mexico City and surrounding areas as part of the Mexican Seismic Alert System (SASMEX).

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
Brzustowiec
Brzustowiec [bʐusˈtɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drzewica, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-west of Drzewica, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno, and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Opoczno County
Opoczno County (Polish: powiat opoczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, south-east Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opoczno, which lies 72 kilometres (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Drzewica, lying 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno.

The county covers an area of 1,038.77 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2009 its total population is 78,467, out of which the population of Opoczno is 21,635 (2016), that of Drzewica is 3,913 (2016), and the rural population is 52,006.
James McInerney (rugby union)
James Leslie McInerney (born 23 July 1959) is an Australian former rugby union player.

Raised in Sydney, McInerney attended St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, where he had three years with the 1st XV and was team captain in 1978. He played his early first-grade rugby for Sydney University, partnering Nick Farr-Jones in the back row. In 1984, McInerney made his state debut for the Waratahs on a tour of New Zealand.

McInerney won a Wallabies call up for their 1986 tour of New Zealand, playing uncapped matches against Waikato, Buller, South Canterbury, Southland and Thames Valley. He missed three weeks of the tour with a leg injury after a Waikato forward took a chunk out of McInerney's calf muscle with a stray boot.

In 1988, McInerney relocated to Brisbane and began playing for the University of Queensland, from where he was capped three times by Queensland, before a neck injury forced him to retire.

Sydney University Football Club
The Sydney University Football Club, founded in 1863, is the oldest club now playing rugby union in Australia, although this date is disputed by historian Tom Hickie who argues that it was 1865.

Sydney Uni was a member of the inaugural Sydney club competition in 1874, along with the Balmain Rugby Union Football Club, Newington College and The King's School. The club currently competes in the Shute Shield competition and has the most senior premiership titles of all Sydney clubs.

After playing home games at the Sydney University Oval No.1 for 153 years, the club moved to the redeveloped Oval No.2 for the 2016 season. Sydney Uni Sport completed the building of a new training facility and grandstand at that ground accommodating 1,200 spectators.
Ranawas
Ranawas is a village located in Kharci Tehsil of Pali district in Rajasthan state of India. It is also a railway station on Marwar Junction to Udaipur route.

There is one college for higher education Shri Jain Terapanth College established in 1975. Shri Jain Terapanth Teachers Training College For Women is the new college for women. This village called as Vidhya Nagari, because in this village a very Famous Higher Secondary school Sri Sumati Shiksha Sadan was established more than 75 ago years Founded in September 1944  and it was a very famous school in all Rajasthan and in India. Sri Keshari Mal Ji Surana popularly known as KAKASHA was the main architecture of this Vidhya Nagari.

Pali district
Pali district is a district in Rajasthan, India. The city of Pali is its administrative headquarters.
Pali is also known as the Industrial/Textile City and has been a hub for merchant activities for centuries. It has a rich heritage and culture, including beautiful Jain temples and other elaborate monuments.
Caluso
Caluso is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Turin.

Caluso borders the following municipalities: San Giorgio Canavese, Candia Canavese, Barone Canavese, Mazzè, Foglizzo, Montanaro, and Chivasso.

The peculiar geographical position and the particular climate of the area favor the production of white wines, most notably the "Erbaluce di Caluso" and the "Caluso Passito". The town is the seat of the Regional Wine Cellar of the Province of Turin and of the State Professional Institute for Agriculture and the Environment "Carlo Ubertini".

San Giorgio Canavese
San Giorgio Canavese is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the region of Piedmont, northern Italy.

The main attraction is the castle, once a possession of the Novarese counts of Biandrate.

Near San Giorgio in San Giusto there was a Pininfarina factory.

The body of Giorgio di Biandrate is interred in the town's church.
Maurice Beresford
Maurice Warwick Beresford, FBA (6 February 1920 – 15 December 2005) was an English landscape and urban historian and archaeologist specialising both in the medieval period and the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. He was Professor of Economic History at the University of Leeds.

Economic History Society
The Economic History Society (EHS) is a learned society that was established at the London School of Economics in 1926 to support the research and teaching of economic history in the United Kingdom and internationally. The society also acts as a pressure group working to influence government policy in the interests of history and economic affairs, alongside other societies and professional bodies with similar interests. In addition, the Society regularly liaises with funding bodies such as Higher Education Funding Council for England, the Arts and Humanities Research Council, and the Economic and Social Research Council.
Geoffroy Hautier
Geoffroy Hautier is a researcher and academic specializing in computational materials science and engineering. He is a Trustee Professor of Materials Science and NanoEngineering at Rice University. Prior to joining Rice, he was the Hodgson Family Professor of Engineering at the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College.

He is one of the early developers and co-principal investigators of the Materials Project.

Thayer School of Engineering
Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth (branded as Dartmouth Engineering) is the engineering school of Dartmouth College, a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States.

Located in a three-building complex along the Connecticut River on Dartmouth's campus, Dartmouth Engineering offers undergraduate, master's, and doctoral degrees in engineering sciences, and has partnerships with other liberal arts colleges throughout the United States to offer dual degrees. The school was established in 1867 with funds from Dartmouth alumnus Sylvanus Thayer, also known for his work in establishing the engineering curriculum at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.

In 2016, Dartmouth Engineering became one of the first comprehensive, national research universities in the United States to awarded more than half of its undergraduate engineering degrees to women.
Pavelka Farmstead
The Pavelka Farmstead, also known as the Antonia Farmstead, is a house located near Bladen in rural Webster County in south-central Nebraska, on land once owned and occupied by John and Anna Sadilek Pavelka.  The farmstead provided a setting, and its occupants characters, for several of the works of author Willa Cather, who grew up in Webster County.

Webster County, Nebraska
Webster County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 3,411. Its county seat is Red Cloud. The county was formed in 1871, and was named for Daniel Webster.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Webster County is represented by the prefix 45 (it had the forty-fifth-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Cait Corrain review bombing controversy
In late 2023, aspiring fantasy author Cait Corrain created multiple fake accounts on Goodreads to review bomb other authors. Del Rey Books and agent Rebecca Podos canceled their contracts with Corrain.

Goodreads
Goodreads is an American social cataloging website operated by Goodreads, Inc., a subsidiary of Amazon. Users can search its database of books, annotations, quotes, and reviews and expand the database by registering books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their own groups of book suggestions, surveys, polls, blogs, and discussions. The website's offices are located in San Francisco.

Goodreads was founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler and Elizabeth Khuri Chandler. In December 2007, the site had 650,000 members and 10 million books had been added. By July 2012, the site reported 10 million members, 20 million monthly visits, and 30 employees. On March 28, 2013, Amazon announced its acquisition of Goodreads, and by July 23, 2013, Goodreads announced its user base had grown to 20 million members.

By September 2023, the site had more than 150 million members.
Rho2 Cancri
Rho2 Cancri is a solitary, yellow-hued star in the constellation Cancer. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ρ2 Cancri, and abbreviated or Rho2 Cnc or ρ2 Cnc. With an apparent visual magnitude of 5.22, it is visible to the naked eye on a dark night. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 6.70 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located approximately 585 light-years (179 pc) from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.06 due to interstellar dust. It is moving further away with a line of sight velocity of +16 km/s.

At the age of about 234 million years, is an evolved, G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III. It has an estimated 3.6 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 24 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 310 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,994 K. The star is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 8 km/s.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Fabrice Simon
Fabrice Simon (January 29, 1951 – July 29, 1998) was a Haitian-American abstract artist and fashion designer, best known for his handmade beaded party dresses that were popular during the 1980s.

Simon immigrated to America in 1964, and subsequently attended the Fashion Institute of Technology. He won a special Coty Award in 1981. His clientele included many celebrities, among them socialite Cornelia Guest and singer-actress Whitney Houston.

Cornelia Guest
Cornelia Cochrane Churchill Guest (born November 28, 1963) is a New York socialite, author, actress, and the Debutante of the Decade for the 1980s of the International Debutante Ball in New York City. She is a vegan, and known for her advocacy of animal rights.