hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Side (Charleston), West Virginia
The West Side is a neighborhood in the city of Charleston in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States, containing about 9,900 residents. Located along the Kanawha River and the Elk River, the West Side is bounded by U.S. Route 60 to the north (W Washington St) and west (Patrick Street), the Kanawha River to the south and by the Elk River and Interstate 64 to the east.

Like much of Charleston, the West Side suffers from large tracts of urban decay with 31% of West Side buildings vacant as of 2019 as Charleston overall has lost roughly 45% of its peak population and is part of the Rust Belt. Over 40% of children on the West Side are living in poverty, more than double the national average (17.5%).

Urban decay
Urban decay (also known as urban rot, urban death or urban blight) is the sociological process by which a previously functioning city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude. There is no single process that leads to urban decay.
Christopher Marshall (composer)
Christopher Marshall (born 1956 in Paris, France) is a New Zealand classical music composer who resides in Orlando, Florida, United States.

His works include choral works, works for chamber ensemble, orchestral music and works for concert band, specifically wind ensembles, for which he is most notable. His most notable composition to date is L'homme armé: Variations for Wind Ensemble.

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.
Vossem, Belgium
Vossem is a sub urban residential area in the municipality of Tervuren, in Belgium, 15 km from Leuven, or Louvain. It is located in the valley of the Voer creek (small river, tributary to the Dijle). There is small nature reserve in Vossem, the Twaalf-Apostelenbos ("Forest of the twelve apostles"), a swamp.

Vossem was an independent village until 1977, when it became part of the municipality of Tervuren. Vossem is a part of the municipality of Tervuren that is comprised by the villages of Duisburg, Tervuren, Vossem and Moorsel. On 16 June 1673, the Treaty of Vossem was signed here between Louis XIV of France and Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia.

Frederick William, the Great Elector
Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector" (der Große Kurfürst) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting up Prussia for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor.
My Old Kentucky Home
"My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night!", typically shortened to "My Old Kentucky Home", is a sentimental ballad written by Stephen Foster, probably composed in 1852. It was published in January 1853 by Firth, Pond, & Co. of New York. Foster was likely inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, as evidenced by the title of a sketch in Foster's sketchbook, "Poor Uncle Tom, Good-Night!"

The song is often interpreted as an anti-slavery song, echoing the suffering of slaves separated from their family. Frederick Douglass wrote in his 1855 autobiography My Bondage and My Freedom that the song "awakens sympathies for the slave, in which antislavery principles take root, grow, and flourish". However, the song's publication by Firth & Pond as a minstrel song and its use in "Tom shows" (stagings of Stowe's novel of varying degrees of sincerity and faithfulness to the original text), and other settings, have clouded its reception.

Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (/stoʊ/; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American author and abolitionist. She came from the religious Beecher family and wrote the popular novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans. The book reached an audience of millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and in Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential both for her writings as well as for her public stances and debates on social issues of the day.
The People of the Mist
The People of the Mist is a classic lost world fantasy novel written by H. Rider Haggard. It was first published serially in the weekly magazine Tit-Bits, between December 1893 and August 1894; the first edition in book form was published in London by Longman in October, 1894. It was reprinted in December, 1973 by Ballantine Books as the sixty-third paperback volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series.

Longman
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in 1724 in London, England, that is owned by Pearson PLC.

Since 1968, Longman has been used primarily as an imprint by Pearson's Schools business. The Longman brand is also used for the Longman Schools in China and the Longman Dictionary.
La Liga del Sueño
La Liga Del Sueño is a Peruvian pop punk band formed in 1991 which had two minor hits "La Peor de las Guerras" and "Mala Sangre".

The band was formed in Lima by several members of the very well known (locally) clown troupé called "Pataclaun" including Jorge "Pelo" Madueño, Gonzalo Torres and Johanna San Miguel.

Their first public performance was on October 31, 1991 in "Centro Cultural Parra del Riego" (Barranco, Lima) along with established local musician Miki González.

Miki González
Juan Manuel González Mascías (born April 14, 1952) better known as Miki González, is a Spanish-Peruvian musician, composer, and producer born in  Madrid, Spain. He is recognized as a musical icon of the twentieth century in Peru, and his songs (such as "Akundún", "Dímelo, Dímelo" and "Vamos a Tocache") are frequently ranked among the best songs in Peruvian popular music.

Throughout his successful musical career, Miki became famous for being the pioneer in mixing rock with traditional Afro-Peruvian and Andean music.

He has collaborated with many artists, including: Mar de Copas, Narcosis, Charly García, Cementerio Club, Los Abuelos de la Nada, Andrés Calamaro, Jaime Cuadra, among others.

He studied and completed his musical training at the prestigious Berklee College of Music in Boston.
Interactive Application System
Interactive Application System (IAS) was a DEC operating system for the PDP-11. It was a fork from RSX-11D.

The last major release, Version 3.0, began distribution late 1979; the final version, 3.4, came out May 1990.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
9th Air Division (Germany)
9. Flieger-Division (9th Air Division) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. The division was founded on 1 February 1940 in Jever and initially subordinated to the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OBdL). On 23 May 1940 the division was subordinated to the Luftflotte 2 and transferred to Soesterberg in July 1940. The unit was redesignated IX. Fliegerkorps in November 1940.

The division was recreated as 9. Flieger-Division (J) on 26 January 1945 in Prague. The division led the various combat groups that had re-equipped with fighter aircraft and was subordinated to Luftflotte 10.

Jever
Jever (German pronunciation: [ˈjeːfɐ] ⓘ) is the capital of the district of Friesland in Lower Saxony, Germany. The name Jever is usually associated with a major brand of beer, Jever Pilsener, which is produced there. The city is also a popular holiday resort. Jever was granted city status in 1536. Unofficially Jever is sometimes referred to as Marienstadt (Maria city) in reference to Maria of Jever, the last independent ruler of the city.  The inhabitants of Jever are named Jeveraner ("Jeverans").
3D cell culturing by magnetic levitation
The Magnetic Levitation Method (MLM) is a technique for growing 3D cell cultures. In this approach, cells are treated with magnetic nanoparticles and exposed to spatially varying magnetic fields produced by neodymium magnetic drivers. The process causes cells to levitate to the air-liquid interface within a standard petri dish. The magnetic nanoparticle assemblies consist of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and cell-adhesive peptide sequences.

This method can be applied to cultures with five hundred to millions of cells and is adaptable for use in single-dish systems as well as high-throughput, low-volume systems. Additionally, magnetized cells can be utilized as building blocks for magnetic 3D bioprinting.

Colloidal gold
Colloidal gold is a sol or colloidal suspension of nanoparticles of gold in a fluid, usually water. The colloid is coloured usually either wine red (for spherical particles less than 100 nm) or blue-purple (for larger spherical particles or nanorods).
Due to their optical, electronic, and molecular-recognition properties, gold nanoparticles are the subject of substantial research, with many potential or promised applications in a wide variety of areas, including electron microscopy, electronics, nanotechnology, materials science, and biomedicine.

The properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles, and thus their potential applications, depend strongly upon their size and shape. For example, rodlike particles have both a transverse and longitudinal absorption peak, and anisotropy of the shape affects their self-assembly.
Japan Space Systems
Japan Space Systems (一般財団法人宇宙システム開発利用推進機構, Ippan Zaidan Hōjin Uchū Shisutemu Kaihatsu Riyō Suishin Kikō), or JSS, is a Japanese space agency. It was founded in 2012 with the merger of three independent organizations: the Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer (USEF), the Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC) and Japan Resources Observation System Organization (JAROS). JSS specializes in the development and applications for earth observation satellites and satellite navigation. It has collaborated with other national and international space agencies such as NASA and the International Space Station programme.

Rokot
Rokot (Russian: Рокот meaning Rumble or Boom), also transliterated Rockot, was a Soviet Union (later Russian) space launch vehicle that was capable of launching a payload of 1,950 kilograms (4,300 lb) into a 200-kilometre (120 mi) Earth orbit with 63° inclination. It was based on the UR-100N (SS-19 Stiletto) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), supplied and operated by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. The first launches started in the 1990s from Baikonur Cosmodrome out of a silo. Later commercial launches commenced from Plesetsk Cosmodrome using a launch ramp specially rebuilt from one for the Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. The cost of the launcher itself was about US$15 million in 1999; The contract with European Space Agency (ESA) for launching Swarm in September 2013 was worth €27.1 million (US$36 million).
Eric Milroy
Eric "Puss" MacLeod Milroy (4 December 1887 – 18 July 1916) was a rugby union player who represented Scotland and Watsonians.  He was capped twelve times for Scotland between 1910 and 1914, his first appearance coming as a surprise replacement for the Scottish captain, George Cunningham. He was selected for the 1910 British Isles tour to South Africa after other players were forced to withdraw. Due to illness, he only participated in three matches, and did not take part in any of the tests against South Africa. In 1914, he captained Scotland against Ireland, and against England in the last international match before the outbreak of the First World War.

At the start of the war, Milroy was commissioned in the Black Watch and was killed in action in Delville Wood, France, during the Battle of the Somme. He was one of 31 Scottish rugby internationals to be killed in action. Milroy is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial to the missing dead of the Somme.

Black Watch
The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland (3 SCOTS) is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The regiment was created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881, when the 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot (The Black Watch) was amalgamated with the 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot. It was known as The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) from 1881 to 1931 and The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) from 1931 to 2006. Part of the Scottish Division for administrative purposes from 1967, it was the senior Highland regiment. It has been part of the Scottish, Welsh and Irish Division for administrative purposes since 2017.
Ptychadena chrysogaster
Ptychadena chrysogaster is a species of frog in the family Ptychadenidae. It is found in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu), Burundi, Rwanda, and southwestern Uganda, with an isolated record from Serengeti, Tanzania. Common names yellow-bellied ridged frog, golden-bellied rocket frog, and Rwanda grassland frog have been coined for it.

Ptychadena chrysogaster is a forest species associated with swampy areas on the forest edge at elevations of 1,200–1,799 m (3,937–5,902 ft) above sea level. It can also occur in disturbed habitats, including roadside ditches. Breeding takes place in streams. It is a common and adaptable species that is not facing major threats. Furthermore, it occurs in several national parks: Kibale and Bwindi National Parks in Uganda, and Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.

Serengeti National Park
The Serengeti National Park is a large national park in northern Tanzania that stretches over 14,763 km2 (5,700 sq mi). It is located in eastern Mara Region and northeastern Simiyu Region and contains over 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of virgin savanna. The park was established in 1940.

The Serengeti is well known for the largest annual animal migration in the world of over 1.5 million western white-bearded wildebeest and 250,000 Grant's zebra, along with between 400-500,000 Thomson's gazelle and smaller herds of common eland. The national park is also home to the largest lion population in Africa. It is under threat from deforestation, population growth, poaching, and ranching.
Americas Petrogas
Americas Petrogas, Inc. was a Canadian exploration and oil production company active in Argentina's Neuquén Basin. After ending its involvement in oil in 2016, the company changed its name to GrowMax Resources Corp.

Ryder Scott Company petroleum engineers assessed the Company with 7.6 Billion BOE P50 Best Case Unrisked Prospective (Recoverable) Shale Resources (Lower Agrio, Vaca Muerta, Los Molles). Americas Petrogas was sought out by ExxonMobil and others, to partner on its shale blocks. Subsequently, Americas Petrogas entered into a joint venture with ExxonMobil on 4 of its 9 shale blocks with Americas Petrogas retaining Operatorship.  Together the partners have announced 3 Vaca Muerta discoveries.

Subsidiary GrowMax Agri Corp is exploring and developing a large phosphate and potash and carnallite fertilizer project in Northern Peru's Sechura Desert adjacent to Vale's Bayovar surface phosphate mine. Vale's partners in this venture include Mitsui and Mosaic.

Ryder Scott
Ryder Scott Company is a petroleum consulting firm based in Houston, Texas, United States. The firm independently estimates oil and gas reserves, future production profiles and cashflow economics, including discounted net present values. It assess oil reserves and evaluates oil and gas properties.
Estrons
Estrons was a Welsh alternative rock band from Cardiff, Wales. The band's final lineup featured Tali Källström (vocals), Rhodri Daniel (guitar), Steffan Pringle (bass), and Adam Thomas (drums).

They maintained a relentless touring schedule throughout their existence, alternating between their own headline tours and tours supporting bands such as Slaves, Honeyblood, The Amazons, Garbage and Pussy Riot.

Estrons's debut album You Say I'm Too Much, I Say You're Not Enough was released in October 2018 to critical acclaim and was nominated for the Welsh Music Prize in October 2019.

The band officially disbanded on 20 February 2019.

Jack Saunders (presenter)
Jack Saunders (born 24 September 1992)
is a British radio DJ and television presenter. He is best known for presenting BBC Radio 1's New Music Show every weeknight as well as The Official Chart on Fridays.
Blacko
Blacko /ˈblækoʊ/ is a village and civil parish in the Pendle district of Lancashire, England. Before local government reorganisation in 1974 the village lay on the border with the West Riding of Yorkshire. The parish has a population of 672. The village is on the old turnpike road from Nelson to Gisburn (A682). The village enjoys views towards Boulsworth Hill to its southeast, the former cotton town of Nelson, about two miles to its south and Pendle Hill to its west across the valley of Pendle Water.

The parish adjoins the Pendle parishes of Middop, Bracewell and Brogden, Salterforth, Foulridge, Colne, Barrowford, Roughlee Booth and Barley-with-Wheatley Booth. Parts of the parish, west of the village are included in the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

Turnpike trust
Turnpike trusts were bodies set up by individual acts of Parliament, with powers to collect road tolls for maintaining the principal roads in Britain from the 17th but especially during the 18th and 19th centuries. At the peak, in the 1830s, over 1,000 trusts  administered around 30,000 miles (48,000 km) of turnpike road in England and Wales, taking tolls at almost 8,000 toll-gates and side-bars.

During the early 19th century the concept of the turnpike trust was adopted and adapted to manage roads within the British Empire (Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa) and in the United States.

Turnpikes declined with the coming of the railways and then the Local Government Act 1888 gave responsibility for maintaining main roads to county councils and county borough councils.
St Mary's Church, Hartwell
St Mary's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Hartwell, Buckinghamshire, England.  It is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The church is now ruined, and stands in the grounds of Hartwell House, to the north of the A418 road.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Koshkonong Mounds, Wisconsin
Koshkonong Mounds is an unincorporated community located in the town of Koshkonong, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States.  It was named for the prehistoric earthwork mounds built by an early indigenous people in the area.

They were likely related to the Mississippian culture, which established settlements and constructed mounds from 1000-1500 CE throughout the areas of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Archeological artifacts found in the settlements show widespread trading from settlements in the Great Lakes to present-day Illinois and the center of Cahokia, to other settlements in the present-day southeastern United States.

Mound
A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. Most commonly, mounds are earthen formations such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. A mound may be any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface.   Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including habitation (see Tell and Terp), ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e.g. Kościuszko Mound).
Wuqiao mutiny
The Wuqiao mutiny (吳橋兵變) was a military revolt from 1631 to 1633 during the late years of the Ming dynasty, led by Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming. Both men were lieutenants under the command of general Mao Wenlong, the defender of Pi Island (Dongjiang), a strategically crucial island in the Yellow Sea that guarded the coastal land corridor into Joseon, a Ming tributary at the flank of the Manchu-led Later Jin (which later became the Qing dynasty). The revolt was eventually crushed by Ming government forces, although many surviving rebels managed to flee across the Bohai Sea and surrendered to the Manchu, significantly upsetting the balance of power between the Ming and the Later Jin.

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
Sędrowo
Sędrowo [sɛnˈdrɔvɔ] (German: Sendrowen, 1938-45: Treudorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielbark, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Wielbark, 22 km (14 mi) south of Szczytno, and 57 km (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Wielbark, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Wielbark [ˈvjɛlbark] (German: Willenbergⓘ) is a town in Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wielbark. It lies approximately 19 km (12 mi) south of Szczytno and 52 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is part of historic Masuria.