hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tricholoma vernaticum
Tricholoma vernaticum is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma. It was originally described in 1976 as a species of Armillaria when that genus was more inclusive; it received its current name twenty years later. The stout fruit bodies (mushrooms) have moist white to grayish caps (later becoming grayish-brown with age), a membranous ring on the stipe, and an odor resembling cucumbers.

The species is native to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Mycorrhizal with conifers, it fruits in the spring or early summer, appearing on the ground singly or in groups at high elevations, often at the edge of melting snowbanks. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown, but it has an unpleasant odor and a mealy taste.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Two-tone testing
Two-tone testing is a means of testing electronic components and systems, particularly radio systems, for intermodulation distortion.  It consists of simultaneously injecting two sinusoidal signals of different frequencies (tones) into the component or system.  Intermodulation distortion usually occurs in active components like amplifiers, but can also occur in some circumstances in passive items such as cable connectors, especially at high power.

Measurement in two-tone testing is most commonly done by examining the output of the device under test (DUT) with a spectrum analyser with which intermodulation products can be directly observed.  Sometimes this is not possible with complete systems and instead the consequences of intermodulation are observed.  For instance, in a radar system the result of intermodulation might be the generation of false targets.

Sine wave
A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion. Sine waves occur often in physics, including wind waves, sound waves, and light waves, such as monochromatic radiation. In engineering, signal processing, and mathematics, Fourier analysis decomposes general functions into a sum of sine waves of various frequencies, relative phases, and magnitudes.

When any two sine waves of the same frequency (but arbitrary phase) are linearly combined, the result is another sine wave of the same frequency; this property is unique among periodic waves. Conversely, if some phase is chosen as a zero reference, a sine wave of arbitrary phase can be written as the linear combination of two sine waves with phases of zero and a quarter cycle, the sine and cosine components, respectively.
Kist (surname)
Kist is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adir Kist (born 1972), Brazilian football coach and former goalkeeper

César Kist (born 1964), Brazilian tennis player

Christian Kist (born 1986), Dutch darts player

Ewald Kist (born 1944), Dutch field hockey player

Kees Kist (born 1952), Dutch footballer

Richard Kist, member of parliament in England

César Kist
César Kist (born October 22, 1964) is a former professional tennis player from Brazil.

Kist enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles.  During his career he finished runner-up at 2 doubles events.  He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 79 in 1987.
Fort San Fernando De Las Barrancas
Fort San Fernando De Las Barrancas was a Spanish fort in what is now Memphis, Tennessee. Established in May 1795, the fort was erected with a garrison of 150 men to defend Spanish claims of the territory at the Fourth Chickasaw Bluff. Although Spain renounced its claim to the area in Pinckney's Treaty in 1795, it occupied the fort until either 1797 or 1798, when the Spanish dismantled the fort and established Fort Esperanza across the river near modern Marion, Arkansas.

Marion, Arkansas
Marion is a city in and the county seat of Crittenden County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Marion had a population of 13,752. The city is part of the Memphis metropolitan area. It is the second largest city in Crittenden County, behind West Memphis.
Battle of Bin Jawad
30°48′3″N 18°5′11″E﻿ / ﻿30.80083°N 18.08639°E﻿ / 30.80083; 18.08639

The Battle of Bin Jawad took place in early March 2011 during the Libyan Civil War between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the town of Bin Jawad.

Anti-Gaddafi forces
The Anti-Gaddafi forces, also known as the Libyan opposition or Libyan rebels, were NATO/Qatari-backed Libyan groups that opposed and militarily defeated the government of Muammar Gaddafi during the First Libyan Civil War in 2011, killing him in the process. The Anti-Gaddafi forces were represented by the National Transitional Council and their National Liberation Army, which claimed to be the "only legitimate body representing the people of Libya and the Libyan state". These opposition forces included organized and armed militia groups, participants in the Libyan Civil War, Libyan diplomats who switched their allegiance from the Gaddafi-led government, and Libyan military units that switched sides to support the protesters.
Jagdstaffel 1
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 1 (commonly abbreviated as Jasta 1) was a fighter squadron of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. Jasta 1 was founded on 22 August 1916, using single seat fighters drawn from First Army. It was one of the first wave of dedicated fighter squadrons founded as a result of Oswald Boelcke's espousal of massing fighter air power. Leopold Reimann scored the first of its 138 aerial victories two days later. It served on the Western Front until September 1917, transferred directly to the Italian Front to serve until March 1918, then returned to France for the rest of the war.

Kurt Wintgens
Leutnant Kurt Wintgens (1 August 1894 – 25 September 1916) was a German World War I fighter ace. He was the first fighter pilot to score an aerial victory with a synchronized machine gun. Wintgens was the recipient of the Iron Cross and the Pour le Mérite (Blue Max).
2000 Colorado Democratic presidential primary
The 2000 Colorado Democratic presidential primary took place on March 10, 2000, as one of two contests scheduled on the weekend following Super Tuesday in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2000 presidential election, following the South Carolina caucuses the day before. The Colorado primary, the first in the state since 2000, was a semi-closed primary and awarded 61 delegates towards the 2000 Democratic National Convention, of which 51 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the results of the primary.

Vice president Al Gore won the primary with 71% of the vote and ultimately received 44 delegates, ahead of Senator Bill Bradley, who won roughly 23% and received 7 delegates, after withdrawing the night before. The option for Uncommitted received 4% of the vote and conspiracy theorist Lyndon LaRouche Jr. received just under 1%.

Super Tuesday
Super Tuesday is the United States presidential primary election day in February or March when the greatest number of U.S. states hold primary elections and caucuses. Approximately one-third of all delegates to the presidential nominating conventions can be won on Super Tuesday, more than on any other day. The results on Super Tuesday are therefore a strong indicator of the likely eventual presidential nominee of each political party.

The particular states holding primaries on Super Tuesday have varied from year to year because each state selects its election day separate from one another.

Tuesday is the traditional day for elections in the United States. The phrase Super Tuesday has been used to refer to presidential primary elections since at least 1976. It is an unofficial term used by journalists and political pundits.
Coiner House
Coiner House, also known as Koyner House and Koiner House, is a historic home located near Crimora, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1825, and is a two-story, three-bay brick "I-house", with an original one-story kitchen wing. Attached to the kitchen wing is a two-story, frame ell dated to the early 20th century.  The interior features colorful graining, marbleizing, and polychromy, as well as elaborate provincial woodwork.  Also on the property are a contributing late-19th century bank barn and mid-19th century dairy.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Gunclje
Gunclje (pronounced [ˈɡuːntsljɛ]; German: Gunzle) is a settlement in central Slovenia, immediately northwest of the capital Ljubljana. It belongs to the Šentvid District of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Odontomma
Odontomma is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. It is known from two species, O. sulcatum and O. trachylaenum, both known from the Aptian aged Yixian Formation of China. It is characterised by "moderately oval body, moderately more or less long and subparallel or oviform head with comparatively small eyes, rather wide pronotum with the widely explanate carinate sides, all veins ending on Sc along the lateral elytral edge, veins well expressed, explanate elytral sides with diffuse small microtubercles, and abdominal ventrites co-planar (abutting) or looking like bordered along the posterior edge." It is considered morphologically similar to Diluticupes.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Danish Open (tennis)
The Danish Open (sponsored as the e-Boks Open) was a professional women's tennis tournament played 2010–12 on indoor hard courts in Farum, Denmark north of Copenhagen. The event was affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and is an International-level tournament on the WTA Tour. The tournament may be viewed as a continuation of the ITF event 2008 Nordea Danish Open in Odense. A plan to change surface to red clay in 2012, still played indoors in Farum, was dropped due to the cost.

The tournament was selected to be held in April until at least 2015, however on November 9, 2012, the event was cancelled from the 2013 WTA Tour and replaced by a new tournament Katowice Open held in Katowice, Poland.

Farum
Farum is a town on the northeast of the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark, 20 km northwest of Copenhagen.  The town has a population of 20,369 (1 January 2025). The town is part of Furesø Municipality.  Until 2006, it constituted Farum Municipality.
Veasey
Veasey is a surname. It is derived from the Old French pre-7th century envoisier, "to enjoy oneself", the Latin vitium, "pleasure", and the Anglo-Norman French, enveisie, "playful, merry". Notable people with the surname include:

Craig Veasey (born 1966), American football player

Dale Veasey (born 1960), American wrestler

E. Norman Veasey (born 1933), American judge from Delaware

Josephine Veasey (1930–2022), British mezzo-soprano

Marc Veasey (born 1971), American politician

Millie Dunn Veasey (1918–2018), American veteran and activist

Nick Veasey (born 1962), British photographer

Pam Veasey (born 1962), American television writer, producer and director

Sigrid Veasey, American physician and sleep researcher

Dale Veasey
Todd Dale Veasey (born May 20, 1960) is a retired American professional wrestler, better known by his ring names Dale Veasey and Lt. James Earl Wright, who competed in North American regional promotions including the Mid-South region and the National Wrestling Alliance, particularly the Georgia and Florida territories, as well as brief stints in the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling, most notably as one half of the tag team State Patrol with Buddy Lee Parker during the 1990s.

He would also have a successful career teaming with Bob Brown in international promotions including Continental Championship Wrestling, Stampede Wrestling and the World Wrestling Council (WWC).
2012 Echo Klassik Awards
The 2012 Echo Klassik Awards were held on October 14, 2012. It is the 20th edition of the annual Echo Klassik awards for classical music. The ceremony took place in the Konzerthaus Berlin and was broadcast on ZDF. It was hosted by Nina Eichinger and Rolando Villazón and organised by The German Music Industry Association.

Konzerthaus Berlin
The Konzerthaus Berlin is a concert hall in Berlin, the home of the Konzerthausorchester Berlin. Situated on the Gendarmenmarkt square in the central Mitte district of the city, it was originally built as a theater. It initially operated from 1818 to 1821 under the name of the Schauspielhaus Berlin, then as the Theater am Gendarmenmarkt and Komödie. It became a concert hall after the Second World War, and its name changed to its present one in 1994.

The Konzerthausorchester Berlin is the resident orchestra of the Konzerthaus Berlin. The concert hall also hosts Young Euro Classic every summer, an international festival of youth orchestras.
History of the Newcastle Knights
The history of the Newcastle Knights Rugby League Football Club goes back to their inception in the late 1980s. As part of the NSWRL premiership's gradual expansion into a national competition, a Newcastle-based club was admitted in 1988. The Knights have competed in every season of rugby league in Australia since.

Rick Stone
Rick Stone (born 14 February 1967) is a professional rugby league football coach and former player. He has coached the Newcastle Knights in the National Rugby League, the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League, the Sydney Roosters in the NRL Women's Premiership, and the Fijian and Lebanese national teams.
Frederick Bagshaw
Frederick Bertram Bagshaw (August 15, 1878 – June 19, 1966) was an English-born lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He was a soldier's representative in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1917 to 1921.

He was born in Southport, Lancashire. Bagshaw served overseas with the Canadian Cavalry and was wounded twice during World War I.

Bagshaw represented Saskatchewan soldiers serving in Belgium in the assembly. From 1941 to 1945, he was enforcement counsel for the Wartime Prices and Trade Board. Bagshaw was awarded the OBE. He worked with the Canadian National Institute for the Blind and the Great War Veterans' Association. Bagshaw was named to the Regina Library Board in 1941 and served for 21 years.

Bagshaw Place in Regina was named in his honour.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Simon Harrison
Simon Mark Harrison (born 6 September 1969 in Northampton) is a British racing driver. He won two National Saloon Car Championships in 1994 and 1999, as well as the Production Class of the British Touring Car Championship in 2001.

Harrison's 23 year racing career started with winning his local karting championship at his first attempt.

Harrison is best known for his time as a Peugeot factory driver in the 1995 British Touring Car Championship driving a 405 Mi16. This was after first season in saloon cars, winning the National Saloon Car Championship as part of the Team Castrol Honda scholarship squad. Prior to this, Harrison successfully raced in single seaters and was nominated for the McLaren Autosport Young Driver of the Year Award.

British Touring Car Championship
The British Touring Car Championship (BTCC), officially known as the Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship for sponsorship reasons, is a touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom, currently organised and administered by TOCA. It was established in 1958 as the British Saloon Car Championship and was renamed as the British Touring Car Championship for the 1987 season. It is one of the oldest, most popular and most prestigious touring car series in the world. The championship, currently running Next Generation Touring Car regulations, has been run to various national and international regulations over the years including FIA Group 2, FIA Group 5, FIA Group 1, FIA Group A, FIA Super Touring and FIA Super 2000. A lower-key Group N class for production cars ran from 2000 until 2003.
Christoph Schuringa
Christoph Schuringa (/ʃəˈrɪŋɡə/) is a British philosopher and associate professor in philosophy at Northeastern University London. He is known for his works on German philosophy and has served as Editor of the Hegel Bulletin.

Schuringa's 2025 book A Social History of Analytic Philosophy narrates the suppression of radical politics within American academic philosophy during and after the era of McCarthyism. Kieran Setiya was critical of the book's thesis that analytic philosophy is inherently conservative. Jacobin associate editor Nick French considered its argument that empiricist epistemology acts as an ideological defense of capitalism to be unpersuasive and impressionistic, and he added that analytic philosophy's attention to "conceptual distinctions ... regimented argument and ... individual experience" would be valuable for the left to adopt. Adam Knowles defends the book's thesis and links Schuringa's critique of the analytic style to neoliberal governmentality.

Governmentality
Governmentality is a theory of power developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault, which analyses "governmental" power through both the power states have over the population and the means by which subjects govern themselves.

As a form of power, governmentality differs from state discipline or punishment, which relies upon coercion to force individuals into specific action. Rather, governmentality also comprises the power that individuals have within a population to self-govern, which the state may influence or guide through non-coercive means such as education.

The concept of governmentality has found application and reception in the fields of anthropology, history, law, philosophy, political science, and sociology. Prominent scholars include Peter Miller, Nikolas Rose and Mitchell Dean.
Lambda Warsaw
Lambda Warsaw Association (Polish: Stowarzyszenie Lambda Warszawa) is the oldest operating Polish LGBT organisation. It was founded in October 1997 by activists of Rainbow Centre (Ośrodek “Rainbow”), which existed from 1995 to 1997. As a public interest organisation, its aim is to create a positive gay and lesbian identity, and build social tolerance toward sexual minorities.

In 2004, the association acquired the status of a public interest organisation (OPP), and has been a part of the Mazowia Federation since then.

Public interest
In social science and economics, public interest is "the welfare  or well-being of the general public" and society.

While it has earlier philosophical roots and is considered to be at the core of democratic theories of government, often paired with two other concepts, convenience and necessity, it first became explicitly integrated into governance instruments in the early part of the 20th century.

The public interest was rapidly adopted and popularised by human rights lawyers in the 1960s and has since been incorporated into other fields such as journalism and technology.
2011–12 Belgian Second Division
The 2011–12 season of the Belgian Second Division (also known as EXQI League for sponsorship reasons) started in August 2011 and is the second tier football league in Belgium. The league is played by 18 teams, with 34 matchdays of 9 matches each, so each team plays the 17 other teams twice. The season is divided into 3 periods, the first period of 10 matches, the second of 12 matches and the third of 12 matches. Each period winner qualifies for the Belgian Second Division final round. On 14 April 2012, Charleroi became champions without playing as closest rivals Eupen and Oostende both did not manage to win their matches and thereby could no longer mathematically overtake Charleroi in the standings.

Belgian Second Division
The Belgian Second Division was the second-highest division in the Belgian football league system, one level below the Belgian Pro League. It was founded by the Royal Belgian Football Association in 1909 and folded in 2016, when it was replaced by the Belgian First Division B (known as the Proximus League for sponsorship reasons)).