hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt
Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt (25 October 1825 in Eutin, Germany – 7 February 1884 in Athens, Greece) was a German astronomer and geophysicist. He was the director of the National Observatory of Athens in Greece from 1858 to 1884. Julius Schmidt was tireless in his work, it was suggested by William Henry Pickering that he perhaps devoted more of his life than any other man to the study of the Moon. During his lifetime, he made some of the most complete lunar maps of the 19th century.

According to his own analysis, he mapped no less than 32,856 craters, with Mädler mapping 7,735 and Lohrmann 7,177. Schmidt also mapped 348 lunar rilles. In six years, he made almost 57,000 micrometer settings to make 3050 height measurements of the terrain.

Rille
Rille /ˈrɪl/ (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the surface of the Moon that resemble channels. The Latin term is rima, plural rimae. Typically, a rille can be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. However, the term has also been used loosely to describe similar structures on a number of planets in the Solar System, including Mars, Venus, and on a number of moons. All bear a structural resemblance to each other.
Michael John Nicoll
Michael John Nicoll (29 September 1880, in Bepton – 31 October 1925, in Leeds) was an English ornithologist and zoo director at Giza who worked on the birds of Egypt. He accompanied Lord Crawford on several voyages to explore bird life and wrote a book on his experiences. He also published one of the earliest comprehensive works on the birds of Egypt - the Handlist of the Birds of Egypt.

James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford
James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford and 9th Earl of Balcarres, KT, FRS, FRAS (28 July 1847 – 31 January 1913) was a Scottish astronomer, politician, ornithologist, bibliophile, and philatelist. A member of the Royal Society, Crawford was elected president of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1878. He was a prominent Freemason, having been initiated into Isaac Newton University Lodge at the University of Cambridge in 1866.
Wallyscar
Wallyscar is a Tunisian car manufacturer, founded in 2006 and based in Ben Arous. Production is 600 units per year. Wallyscar vehicles are mostly used and present in Africa, Europe and the Middle East. The company sells in Panama, France, Spain, Qatar and Morocco. 
Wallyscar cooperates with the French automobile company Peugeot, using a PSA 1.4-litre petrol engine in their vehicles. 
The company was founded by Zied Guiga. The company lays claims to importance to compliance with European standards, and focuses mainly on the idea of vehicles as recyclable and making noise. Corresponding parts suppliers are Citroën, Peugeot, VDO and UTAC. In the vehicle identification number, the Company uses the manufacturer code CL9.

VDO (company)
VDO is a German brand of AUMOVIO which makes automotive electronics and mechatronics for powertrains, engine management systems and fuel injection systems. A full range of Tachograph, Data Management, and Telematics products are produced. VDO has also supplied components for pleasure boats, yachts and sailing boats since 1958. In 2018 the marine business was separated into VDO Marine, offering products made by Swiss manufacture Veratron AG.
Nord-Ost
Nord-Ost (Russian: Норд-Ост, means "North-East" in German) is a Russian musical theatre production that was composed by Aleksei Ivaschenko and Georgii Vasilyev, based on the novel The Two Captains by Veniamin Kaverin. It is a fictional story based around the historical events surrounding the discovery of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago in 1913. The musical was first staged on October 19, 2001 in the Dubrovka theatre, where it played over 400 performances.

The play celebrates the Russian soldiers who fought in World War II.

Veniamin Kaverin
Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin (Russian: Вениами́н Алекса́ндрович Каве́рин; né Вениами́н А́белевич Зи́льбер (Veniamin Abelevich Zilber); April 19 [O.S. April 6] 1902 – May 2, 1989) was a Soviet and Russian writer, dramatist and screenwriter associated with the early 1920s movement of the Serapion Brothers.
Beldore Hollow, Virginia
Beldore Hollow, Virginia (also referred to as "Beldor" and spelled "Beldor Hollow") is an extinct unincorporated community in Rockingham County, Virginia.

The Beldore Hollow community included homesteads, farms, cemeteries, a one-room school, and a village in the mountains of the Shenandoah Valley.

The community became part of Shenandoah National Park, and the area is now locally referred to as the "Beldor Hollow Overlook."

State Route 628 is locally referred to as Beldor Road.

Rockingham County, Virginia
Rockingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,757. Its county seat is the independent city of Harrisonburg.

Along with Harrisonburg, Rockingham County forms the Harrisonburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also home of the Rockingham County Baseball League.
Listed buildings in Wychnor
Wychnor is a civil parish in the district of East Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England.  It contains 15 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Wychnor and the surrounding countryside. The Trent and Mersey Canal passes through the parish and the listed buildings associated with it are two bridges and a milepost.  The other listed buildings include a church, a country house and associated structures, farmhouses, and farm buildings.

East Staffordshire
East Staffordshire is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England. The council is based in Burton upon Trent. The borough also contains the town of Uttoxeter and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Lichfield, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, Derbyshire Dales and South Derbyshire.
Adam & Eve (song)
"Adam & Eve" is a country song written and performed by Kasey Chambers and Shane Nicholson. It was co-produced by Kasey's brother, Nash and released in July 2012 as the lead single from their pair second collaborative studio album, Wreck & Ruin (2012).

The song is loaded with religious imagery including serpents and sin and storytelling that's part fairytale and Biblical. Nicholson said "There is no symbolic connection between us and Adam and Eve. I don't know if that story ended that well anyway."

Chambers said "Adam and Eve definitely takes a very old traditional type story and puts a modern twist on it, which is I guess what the album is generally. We talked about how that would be a good concept for a song, being that we're husband and wife and can play the parts as actors."

At the Country Music Awards of Australia of 2013, the song was nominated for Song of the Year, Single of the Year and Video of the Year. Chambers and Nicholson won Group or Duo of the Year for this song.

Kasey Chambers
Kasey Chambers (born 4 June 1976) is an Australian country singer-songwriter and musician born in Mount Gambier to musicians Diane and Bill Chambers. Her older brother is musician and producer Nash Chambers. All four were members of family country-music group Dead Ringer Band in Bowral, New South Wales, from 1992 to 1998. Chambers launched her solo career thereafter. Five of her 12 studio albums have reached No. 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart: Barricades & Brickwalls (September 2001), Wayward Angel (May 2004), Carnival (August 2006), Rattlin' Bones (April 2008) and Dragonfly (January 2017). In November 2018, she was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame and has won an additional 14 ARIA Music Awards with nine for Best Country Album. Her autobiography, A Little Bird Told Me..., co-authored with music journalist Jeff Apter, was released in 2011.
Divisaderan
The Divisaderan age is a South American land mammal age, covering a period of geologic time (42.0–36.0 Ma) within the Middle and Late Eocene epochs of the Paleogene. It follows the Mustersan age and is followed by the Tinguirirican age.

South American land mammal age
The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.

The basic unit of measurement is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.
Jacob Vanderpool
Jacob Vanderpool was an African-American who is the only known person to be expelled from Oregon under their exclusion laws.

Vanderpool, a sailor from the West Indies, came to Oregon in 1850 on board a ship called the Louisiana. Vanderpool came to Oregon to launch a career in business. After being denied a land claim because he was black, Vanderpool opened a saloon, restaurant and boarding home in Oregon City. However, the book Peculiar Paradise states that his businesses were located in Salem, across the street from the offices of the Oregon Statesman. On August 20, 1851, a settler named Theophilus Magruder identified Vanderpool as a "mulatto" and lodged a complaint that Vanderpool was in violation of the second exclusion act, passed on September 21, 1849. This second exclusion law was passed specifically to target African American seamen who may be tempted to jump ship. US Marshal Joseph L. Meek arrested Vanderpool before his expulsion from the state.

Joseph Meek
Joseph Lafayette Meek (February 9, 1810 – June 20, 1875) was an American pioneer, mountain man, law enforcement official, and politician in the Oregon Country and later Oregon Territory of the United States. A trapper involved in the fur trade before settling in the Tualatin Valley, Meek played a prominent role at the Champoeg Meetings of 1843, where he was elected a sheriff. He was later elected to and served in the Provisional Legislature of Oregon before being appointed as the United States Marshal for the Oregon Territory.
Manisha Singh (politician)
Manisha Singh (born 1982) is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. She is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing the Bharatiya Janata Party from Jaisingnagar Assembly constituency, which is reserved for the Scheduled Tribe community, in Shahdol district. She was elected as an MLA in the 2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
Kim Daybell
Kim Daybell (born 11 August 1992) is a British para table tennis player who competed in international level events.

He has retired from international para table tennis to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

Daybell is a junior doctor at Whittington Hospital in north London and is working to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.

Para table tennis
Para table tennis is a parasport that follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).  The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1 and 11. Classes 1–5 are for those in wheelchairs and classes 6–10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups, the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.
South Somerset (UK Parliament constituency)
South Somerset was a single-member (MP) county constituency in Somerset for the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. As all single-member seats, its elections were by first past the post voting.

It was created under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 for the general election that year. The Act changed the county's representation to seven county and four borough seats, and abolished for the 1918 general election.

It's elections returned one Liberal, then another, covering its first 26 years; then returned a Conservative for its final seven years.

Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 23) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1885"). It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House of Commons, introducing the concept of equally populated constituencies, a concept in the broader global context termed equal apportionment, in an attempt to equalise representation across the UK. It mandated the abolition of constituencies below a certain population threshold. It was associated with, but not part of, the Representation of the People Act 1884.
Karl Hoffmann (politician)
Karl Jakob Hoffmann (2 February 1820 – 18 December 1895) was a Swiss politician of the Free Democratic Party who was President of the Swiss Council of States (1877/1878 and 1889/1890).

After studying law in Bern, Jena and Munich, Karl Hoffmann obtained a doctorate in 1839 and became a lawyer in St. Gallen (1840–1891). He was elected to the Grand Council of the Canton of St. Gallen between 1853 and 1870, and again between 1873 and 1895. In parallel, he was elected to the Council of States between 1873 in 1891.

On 22 February 1881, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council but declined the election for family reasons.

His son Arthur Hoffmann (1857–1927) was a member of the Federal Council (1911–1917).

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Hojjat Shakiba
Hojat Shakiba (Persian: حجت شکیبا; b.1949 in Gorgan) is an Iranian painter.

A graduate of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Tehran, he is known for his paintings on Persian television series, and collaborated with the director Ali Hatami. His painting books include “Khayyam”, “Hafez”, “Irandokht”, and “Role of Photos in Iranian Art”.

Ali Hatami
Ali Hatami (Persian: علی حاتمی; 14 August 1944 – 7 December 1996) was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, art director, and costume designer. The Tehran Times dubbed him "the Hafez of Iranian cinema due to the poetic ambiance of his movies."
Wetere Te Rerenga
Hone Wetere Te Rerenga (? – 9 March 1889) was a notable New Zealand Māori tribal leader. He identified with the Ngāti Maniapoto iwi. He was born in Maniaroa or Rangitoto, in the King Country, New Zealand.

He unsuccessfully contested the Western Maori electorate in the 1884 election. Of eight candidates, he came fourth with 9.99% of the vote.

Ngāti Maniapoto
Ngāti Maniapoto is an iwi (tribe) based in the Waikato-Waitomo region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the Tainui confederation, the members of which trace their whakapapa (genealogy) back to people who arrived in New Zealand on the waka (canoe) Tainui. The 2018 New Zealand census reports show an estimated population of 45,930 people who affiliated with Maniapoto, making it the 9th most-populous iwi in New Zealand.
Egg oil
Egg oil (CAS No. 8001–17–0, INCI: egg oil), also known as egg yolk oil or ovum oil, is derived from the yolk of chicken eggs consisting mainly of triglycerides with traces of lecithin, cholesterol, biotin, xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin, and immunoglobulins. It is free of egg proteins and hence may be used safely by people who are allergic to eggs, for topical applications such as hair and skin care. The product has several historical references in Unani (Greek) medicine for hair care. Traditional Chinese medicine uses egg oil for burns, eczema, dermatitis, mouth ulcers, skin ulcers, chapped nipples, tinea capitis, ringworm, nasal vestibulitis, frostbite, and hemorrhoids.

Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega−6 fatty acid 20:4(ω−6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is a precursor in the formation of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

Together with omega−3 fatty acids and other omega−6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid provides energy for body functions, contributes to cell membrane structure, and participates in the synthesis of eicosanoids, which have numerous roles in physiology as signaling molecules.

It was named after the similarly structured Arachidic acid, a constituent of peanut oil whose name in turn derives from the ancient Greek neologism arachis 'peanut'. Peanut oil does not contain any arachidonic acid, itself. Arachidonate is the name of the derived carboxylate anion (conjugate base of the acid), salts, and some esters.
View-limiting device
In aviation training, a view-limiting device simulates instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) by restricting a pilot's field of view only to the flight instruments. They are worn by pilots who are working toward an instrument rating, which allows a pilot to fly under instrument flight rules in conditions that do not permit visual flight. They are also used by instrument-rated pilots while practicing instrument flight to maintain competency.

Examples include foggles and the IFR hood. Foggles are glasses that have been frosted on the top half of the lenses to simulate foggy conditions.

In 2021 The Instrument Conditions Awareness Recognition and Understanding System (ICARUS) Smart View Limiting Device was developed. ICARUS uses Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film or Smart Glass to electronically change between simulated VMC and IMC to aid pilot training. This capability allows pilots to actually train for VFR into IMC which often leads to spatial disorientation.

Instrument rating
Instrument rating refers to the qualifications that a pilot must have in order to fly under instrument flight rules (IFR). It requires specific training and instruction beyond what is required for a private pilot certificate or commercial pilot certificate, including rules and procedures specific to instrument flying, additional instruction in meteorology, and more intensive training in flight solely by reference to instruments.
Love's Not a Competition (But I'm Winning)
"Love's Not a Competition (But I'm Winning)" is a song by English band Kaiser Chiefs, featured on the band's second studio album, Yours Truly, Angry Mob. It was released as a collector's edition 7" only single on 12 November 2007, with The Little Ones' cover of "Everything Is Average Nowadays" as a B-side.

Chris Moyles has a running gag on his show, where Comedy Dave has likened the song to a-ha's "The Living Daylights".

The song's music video was directed by Jim Canty. It was filmed in September 2007 at Columbus Circle in New York City.

The song was covered by Paramore on Radio 1's Live Lounge on 1 February 2008.

At the time it was the band's lowest charting single, reflecting that it was released as the fourth single from the highly successful Yours Truly, Angry Mob and it was only a limited release. It peaked at #112 in the UK Singles Chart.

Columbus Circle
Columbus Circle is a traffic circle and heavily trafficked intersection in the New York City borough of Manhattan, located at the intersection of Eighth Avenue, Broadway, Central Park South (West 59th Street), and Central Park West, at the southwest corner of Central Park. The circle is the point from which official highway distances from New York City are measured, as well as the center of the 25 miles (40 km) restricted-travel area for C-2 visa holders.

The circle is named after the monument of Christopher Columbus in the center, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The name is also used for the neighborhood that surrounds the circle for a few blocks in each direction. Hell's Kitchen, also known as Clinton, is located to the southwest, and the Theater District is to the southeast and the Lincoln Square section of the Upper West Side is to the northwest.
December 1989 Brussels NATO summit
The December 1989 NATO summit was a summit held for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The summit was held in Brussels, Belgium. This summit was the tenth NATO summit to bring world leaders from NATO together, which marked the 40th anniversary of the formation of NATO. Manfred Wörner headed the summit, and there were sixteen NATO members when the summit was held.

Manfred Wörner
Manfred Hermann Wörner (24 September 1934 – 13 August 1994) was a German politician and diplomat. He served as the defense minister of West Germany between 1982 and 1988. He then served as the seventh Secretary General of NATO from 1988 to 1994. His term as Secretary General saw the end of the Cold War and the German reunification. Whilst serving in that position, he was diagnosed with cancer, but, in spite of his illness, continued serving until his final days.
Samson en Gert (TV series)
Samson & Gert is a Dutch-language Belgian children's television series produced by Eline van Noppen, centered on the talking dog Samson and his owner Gert. In its entire run, the show was originally aired on TV1 from Christmas Day 1989 until 1 December 1997, where it moved to Ketnet and continues airing all of its episodes to this day.

VRT 1
VRT 1 is a public Dutch-language TV station in Belgium, owned by the VRT, which also owns Ketnet, VRT Canvas and several radio stations. Although the channel is commercial-free, short sponsorship messages are broadcast in between some programmes.

VRT 1 focuses on drama, entertainment, news and current affairs in a similar vein to BBC One in the United Kingdom. The station was formerly known as TV1 until 21 January 2005, when the Eén (English: "one") branding was launched as part of a major station revamp, with a look created by BBC Broadcast. The channel got its current branding in 2023.

VRT 1 is the equivalent of its French-language counterpart, La Une, the first channel of the Belgian Francophone broadcaster, RTBF.
Branka Karnjus
Branka Karnjus is a Croatian football goalkeeper. She played for Krka Novo Mesto in Slovenia's Women's League and the 2009–10 Champions League and ŽNK Rijeka in Croatia's First Division.

She played the 2011 World Cup qualification for the Croatian national team.

Croatian Women's First Football League
The Croatian Women's First Football League (Croatian: Prva hrvatska nogometna liga za žene, also known as Prva HNLŽ or 1. HNLŽ) is the top women's football league in Croatia. The league was formed in 1992 following the dissolution of the Yugoslav First Women's League, and it currently features 8 clubs. League winners qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.