hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Letharia
Letharia is a genus of fruticose lichens belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Molecular phylogenetics studies have revealed that what were once considered just two species actually represent at least several distinct evolutionary lineages, with western North America serving as the centre of diversity for the group. These lichens typically grow on sun-exposed wood and bark of coniferous trees, growing in dry habitats where they receive moisture from dew or fog.

Tree line
The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually low temperatures, extreme snowpack, or associated lack of available moisture).: 51  The tree line is sometimes distinguished from a lower timberline, which is the line below which trees form a forest with a closed canopy.: 151 : 18

At the tree line, tree growth is often sparse, stunted, and deformed by wind and cold. This is sometimes known as krummholz (German for "crooked wood").: 58

The tree line often appears well-defined, but it can be a more gradual transition. Trees grow shorter and often at lower densities as they approach the tree line, above which they are unable to grow at all.: 55  Given a certain latitude, the tree line is approximately 300 to 1000 meters below the permanent snow line and roughly parallel to it.
Isoberlinia doka
Isoberlinia doka is a hardwood tree native to African tropical savannas and Guinean forest-savanna mosaic dry forests where it can form single species stands.  The tree is exploited for its economic value as a commercial timber.  The leaves and shoots of the tree dominate the diet of the Giant Eland in its range.  The tree is a host plant for Anaphe moloneyi (superfamily Thaumetopoeidae), one of the caterpillars that produces a wild silk, sayan, local to parts of Nigeria.

Wild silk
Wild silks have been known and used in many countries from early times, although the scale of production is far smaller than that from cultivated silkworms.  Silk cocoons and nests often resemble paper or cloth, and their use has arisen independently in many societies.
Waikari River (Hawke's Bay)
The Waikari River is a river in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally east from its source at the northern end of the Maungaharuru Range passing the settlement of Putorino to reach Hawke Bay 25 kilometres southwest of Wairoa. The name Waikari comes from the Māori words wai meaning "water" and kari meaning "dig". The river was called Waikare until given an official name in 1941.

Maungaharuru Range
The Maungaharuru Range is located 34 km from Napier in the New Zealand region of Hawke's Bay. The name means in the mountain that resounded in Te Reo Māori due to the bird population.

Maungaharuru is the spiritual mountain of the hapū Ngati Kurumōkihi. They are the kaitiaki of Boundary Stream and the area. In 2017 the hapū were given four conservation reserves in the Hawke's Bay by the Crown as part of Treaty of Waitangi settlements. The Ngati Kurumōkihi hapū gave the reserves to the people of New Zealand (Aotearoa), three of these conservation areas are located in the Maungaharuru Range.
Carnsmerry
Carnsmerry (Cornish: Karnrosmeur) is a hamlet in Cornwall, England. It is half a mile south-west of Bugle and lies at around 520 feet (160 m) above sea level. Carnsmerry is in the civil parish of Treverbyn.

Bugle, Cornwall
Bugle is a village in mid Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the parish of Treverbyn and is situated about five miles (8 km) north of St Austell on the A391 road. The 2011 Census for the ward of Bugle which includes Treverbyn and surrounding hamlets gave a population of 4,164.

The village was established in the mid 19th century following the construction of: a turnpike road in 1836–7; the Bugle Inn in 1840; and the Par to Bugle section of the Treffry Tramways in 1842.

The village has a railway station on the Atlantic Coast Line.

Bugle F.C. were South Western League champions in 1984/85. The Bugle Silver Band has been in existence since 1868 and has been successful in many regional competitions.

There are plans to build a new neighbourhood  on the site of the Goonbarrow Refinery west of the village as part of the St Austell and Clay Country Eco-town. This would include 450-550 homes. The plan was given outline approval in July 2009.
Ivan Petkov
Ivan Petkov (Bulgarian: Иван Петков; born 22 January 1985) is a Bulgarian footballer who currently plays for Etar Veliko Tarnovo II as a striker.
Petkov started his career at Zagorets Nova Zagora and joined Kaliakra Kavarna in 2007.

FC Kaliakra Kavarna
FC Kaliakra Kavarna (Bulgarian: ФК Калиакра Каварна) is a Bulgarian football club from the town of Kavarna, which currently competes in the A RFG Dobrich, the fourth tier of Bulgarian football.

Founded in 1922 as Kaliakra Sport Club, the club spent most of its history in amateur football before making a rapid ascent to the second-flight of Bulgarian football in 1980. In 2010, the team managed to promote to the A Group for the first time. Their spell in the top flight lasted two seasons, ending in relegation in 2012.

Kaliakra Kavarna's name is derived from the Kaliakra cape, which is located nearby the town. The team plays in all-blue home kits, in reference to the geographic proximity of the city of Kavarna and the Black Sea, similarly to other teams from the area. The lighthouse of Kavarna is also shown on the team logo.
Laurel Glen Mausoleum-Laurel Hall
Laurel Hall and the Laurel Glen Mausoleum form a historic estate property on Vermont Route 103 in Shrewsbury, Vermont.  Built between 1880 and 1882, the estate includes examples of high style Queen Anne architecture in the main house and some outbuildings, and includes a distinctive Egyptian Revival mausoleum, all built by John Porter Bowman, a prominent local businessman.  The properties were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Vermont Route 103
Vermont Route 103 (VT 103) is a 42.036-mile-long (67.650 km) north–south state highway in southern Vermont, United States. It runs from U.S. Route 5 (US 5) in Rockingham in the east to US 7 in Clarendon near Rutland in the west. The Vermont Country Store's second branch is one attraction along the route, as well as the Okemo Ski Resort in Ludlow.
Jug fishing
Jug fishing is an unlimited class tackle method of fishing that uses lines suspended from floating jugs to catch fish in lakes or rivers. Often, many jugs are used when jug fishing. In many states, a fisherman could use up to twenty, and jug sets of around twenty are common in practice. Jug fishing is most common in southern states of the US. Jugs are often put out at sunset and picked up at sunrise by the whole family. Jug fishing consists of a simple setup where lines are tied onto jugs and weights can be added to the line to keep the jug's location fixed. Jug fishing is also subjected to numerous state and local water regulations that could include: the number of jugs, dates and times when jug fishing is allowed, and if jug fishing is even allowed. Many fish can be caught on jugs, but the main target of jug fishing is often catfish.

Fishing line
A fishing line is any flexible, high-tensile cord used in angling to tether and pull in fish, in conjunction with at least one hook. Fishing lines are usually pulled by and stored in a reel, but can also be retrieved by hand, with a fixed attachment to the end of a rod, or via a motorized trolling outrigger.

Fishing lines generally resemble a long, ultra-thin rope, with important attributes including length, thickness, material and build. Other factors relevant to certain fishing practice include breaking strength, knot strength, UV resistance, castability, limpness, stretch, memory, abrasion resistance and visibility.  Traditional fishing lines are made of silk, while most modern lines are made from synthetic polymers such as nylon, polyethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride ("fluorocarbon") and may come in monofilament or braided (multifilament) forms.
Boxing in Canada
The sport of boxing has been practised in Canada since before Canadian Confederation in 1867. Boxing was illegal in Canada during the bare-knuckle era but fights took place in remote areas and the last of them was in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1901.

Tommy Burns from Normanby Township near Hanover, Ontario, was the first Canadian to win the world heavyweight title, becoming the champion in 1906 and defending the title thirteen times until he was defeated via Referee's decision by Jack Johnson on Boxing Day December 26, 1908 at Rushcutters Bay, Sydney NSW Australia. On May 10, 2014, Bermane Stiverne won the vacant WBC World Heavyweight Championship after a sixth-round knockout of Chris Arreola.

Chris Arreola
Cristobal Arreola (born March 5, 1981) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 2003 to 2023. He challenged three times for the WBC heavyweight title in 2009, 2014 and 2016. He was ranked by BoxRec as the world's No.8 heavyweight at the conclusion of 2007 and as No.7 heavyweight from 2008 to 2010.
Sonny Meets Hawk!
Sonny Meets Hawk! is a 1963 album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, with Coleman Hawkins appearing as guest artist. It was recorded at RCA Victor Studio B in New York City on July 15 and 18, 1963.  The album features some of Rollins's most avant-garde playing.

The album marks the first time the two saxophonists had entered a recording studio together, although they had appeared on stage together briefly that same year at the Newport Jazz Festival.

Newport Jazz Festival
The Newport Jazz Festival is an annual American multi-day jazz music festival held every summer in Newport, Rhode Island. Elaine Lorillard established the festival in 1954, and she and husband Louis Lorillard financed it for many years. They hired George Wein to organize the first festival  and bring jazz to Rhode Island.

Most of the early festivals were broadcast on Voice of America radio, and many performances were recorded and released as albums. In 1972, the Newport Jazz Festival was moved to New York City. In 1981, it became a two-site festival when it was returned to Newport while continuing in New York. From 1984 to 2008, the festival was known as the JVC Jazz Festival; in the economic downturn of 2009, JVC ceased its support of the festival and was replaced by CareFusion.

The festival is hosted in Newport at Fort Adams State Park. It is often held in the same month as the Newport Folk Festival.
1959 Super Prestige Pernod
The 1959 Super Prestige Pernod was the first edition of the Super Prestige Pernod. It included 11 races all of which, apart from the World Championship race, started in France. It replaced the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo as the season-long competition for road bicycle racing. Henry Anglade won the overall title.

Henry Anglade
Henry Anglade (6 July 1933 – 10 November 2022) was a French cyclist. In 1959 he was closest to winning the Tour de France, when he won a stage and finished second, 4:01 behind Federico Bahamontes. In 1960 he wore the yellow jersey for two days while finishing 8th overall. He placed in the top five of the Tour on two additional occasions in 1964 and 1965.
Wolfmother (EP)
Wolfmother is the debut extended play (EP) by Australian rock band Wolfmother. Recorded and mixed at Ghetto Studios in Detroit, it was released in Australia on 27 September 2004 and later in the United States and the United Kingdom. The EP was produced and mastered by Jim Diamond and mixed by bassist and keyboardist Chris Ross; the album cover was designed by drummer Myles Heskett. All four songs from Wolfmother were later re-recorded for the band's self-titled debut studio album; "Dimension", "Woman" and "White Unicorn" were also released as singles from the album.

Andrew Stockdale
Andrew James Stockdale (born 20 July 1976) is an Australian singer, musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the lead vocalist, lead guitarist, and only continuous member of the rock band Wolfmother.
Damias occidentalis
Damias occidentalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Rothschild and Jordan in 1901. It is found on Nias, Enggano and Borneo. The habitat consists of lowland forests and dipterocarp forests.

Nias
Nias (/ˈniːəs/
NEE-əss; Indonesian: Pulau Nias [puˈlau ˈnias], Nias: Tanö Niha [ˈtanə ˈniha]) is an island located off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Nias is also the name of the archipelago (Kepulauan Nias) of which the island is the centre, but also includes the Batu Islands to the southeast and the small Hinako Islands to the west.
Edrich
Edrich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Edrich (1916–1986), English cricketer, Middlesex and England batsman

Brian Edrich (1922–2009), English cricketer, Kent and Glamorgan batsman

Eric Edrich (1914–1993), English cricketer, Lancashire wicket-keeper

Geoff Edrich (1918–2004), English cricketer, Lancashire batsman

John Edrich (1937–2020), English cricketer, Surrey and England batsman

Justin Edrich (born 1961), English cricketer, Suffolk batsman

Eric Edrich
Eric Harry Edrich (27 March 1914 – 9 July 1993) was an English first-class cricketer. Born in Lingwood, Norfolk, Edrich played in 36 first-class matches for Lancashire as a wicketkeeper between 1946 and 1948, before becoming a farmer.  His three brothers, Brian, Geoff and Bill, and also his cousin, John Edrich, all played first-class cricket.

He died in Wistow, Cambridgeshire aged 79.
Dennisiopsis
Dennisiopsis is a genus of fungi in the Thelebolaceae family.

The genus name of Dennisiopsis is in honour of Richard William George Dennis (1910 - 2003), British botanist (mycology) and plant pathologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Chirayathumadom Venkatachalier Subramanian and K.V. Chandrashekara in  Kew Bull. Vol.31 (Issue 3) on page 639 in 1977.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Mark Walters
Mark Everton Walters (born 2 June 1964) is an English former professional footballer who made 600 league appearances between 1981 and 2002.

A midfielder, Walters played top-flight football for Aston Villa, Liverpool and Southampton in England and for Rangers in Scotland, and played in the lower divisions of the Football League for Stoke City, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Swindon Town and Bristol Rovers. He was capped once by England.

Scottish Football League Premier Division
The Scottish Football League Premier Division was, from 1975 until 1998, the top division of the Scottish Football League and the entire Scottish football league system. It lay above the Scottish Football League First, Second and (from 1994) Third divisions.
Padma Ratna Tuladhar
Padma Ratna Tuladhar (Nepali: पद्मरत्न तुलाधर) (1940–2018) was a Nepalese politician and human rights activist. A resident of Kathmandu, he played an instrumental role in bringing the Nepali Maoists to mainstream politics from armed struggle.

He was elected to the Rastriya Panchayat from Kathmandu in the 1986 election. Following the restoration of multi party democracy he was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha from Kathmandu 4 in 1991. He served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Man Mohan Adhikari as Minister for Labour and Health.

Tuladhar died at Kathmandu on 4 November 2018 due to a brain hemorrhage. He is survived by his wife Nil Shova Tuladhar and four children.

Rastriya Panchayat
The Rastriya Panchayat (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायत; transl. National Council) was the legislature of the Kingdom of Nepal from during the panchayat era from 1962 to 1990. Following the 1960 coup by King Mahendra, the enactment of the Constitution of 1962, made the Rastriya Panchayat the supreme legislative body in the country, replacing the Parliament of Nepal.

Under the Constitution of Nepal 1962, there were indirect elections to the Rastriya Panchayat. The 1980 referendum voted in favor of a reformed Rastriya Panchayat and consequently, members were directly elected.

The Rastriya Panchayat ceased to exist after the adoption of the Constitution of Nepal, 1990 following the 1990 revolution.
Miklós Fodor
Miklós Fodor (3 September 1908 – 23 April 1997) was a Hungarian field handball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Hungarian field handball team, which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played four matches.

Handball at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Field handball at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the first appearance of the sport at the Olympics. It was contested by six teams. Games were played outdoors with 11 players on each side.

The six teams were split into two groups of three. Each team played each other within each group.  The top two teams in each group advanced to the final round, while the third-ranked teams played each other for fifth and sixth places. In the final round, each team played each other. Final rankings were based on the records of each team in those three games.
Mahoning Valley Wildcats
The Mahoning Valley Wildcats (sometimes referred to as the Youngstown Wildcats), were a team in the International Basketball League based in Struthers, Ohio. The team shared its name with the mascot of Struthers High School, whose gym they shared.

Rob Spon coached the Wildcats, who went 12-7 in their first season. The Wildcats were led in scoring by Rick McFadden, who tied for ninth in the league with 22.8 ppg. Three players made the all-star team, McFadden, Lawrence Culver, and TeJay Anderson.

With no notice, the Wildcats were removed from the IBL schedule in early 2006, having been replaced by the Lansing Capitals.

Lansing Capitals
The Lansing Capitals are a now-defunct member of the Independent Basketball Association (IBA). Founded in 2006, the Capitals were originally members of the International Basketball League. The team played their home games at Aim High Sports Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine at The Summit Sports and Ice Complex in Dimondale, Michigan.
Palmones
Palmones is a village on the Bay of Gibraltar between Algeciras and La Linea de la Concepcion in the Province of Cádiz in Spain. The San Roque Refinery and Los Barrios commercial centre lie on either side of the town.

The village has a waterfront promenade with benches, offering views of the Palmones estuary and river. The harbor is prone to oil spillage and is a catchment area for waste and garbage of yachts and other boats moored at Algeciras or Gibraltar. The beach is busy in summer and there is a beach bar that serves tapas and drinks.

There is a picturesque island in the river mouth. Although many tourists wish to swim there, the current is strong and can only be mastered by strong swimmers in low tide conditions.

Palmones has an abundance of fish restaurants.

Tapas
Tapas (Spanish: [ˈtapa]) are appetisers or snacks in Spanish cuisine. They can be combined to make a full meal and are served cold (such as mixed olives and cheese) or hot (such as chopitos, which are battered, fried baby squid; or patatas bravas, spicy potatoes). In some bars and restaurants in Spain and across the globe, tapas have evolved into a sophisticated cuisine. In some Central American countries, such snacks are known as bocas. In parts of Mexico, similar dishes are called botanas.

An individual appetizer (or single order of an item) is a tapa.
Asherton Independent School District
Asherton Independent School District was a public school district based in the community of Asherton, Texas (USA).

The community is located along the Mexico–United States border, southwest of San Antonio.

The district existed until 1999, when it was ordered to consolidate with Carrizo Springs schools by the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to form the Carrizo Springs Consolidated Independent School District.  The TEA determined that the Asherton ISD had not followed proper procedures in assessing school property taxes, which was the basis for its closure. TEA officials stated that "financial instability/insolvency" was the reason behind the district's dissolution.

The Carrizo Springs district moved all students in grades 7-12 into its existing junior high and high schools, but left the Asherton school open to serve grades PreK-6.

Carrizo Springs, Texas
Carrizo Springs is the largest city in and the county seat of Dimmit County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,892 at the 2020 census, down from 5,368 at the 2010 census.

The name of the town is derived from the local springs, which were named by the Spanish for the cane grass that once grew around them. It is the oldest town in Dimmit County. Artesian wells in the area are known for their pure, clean water. This water is often exported from Carrizo Springs for use as holy water.
Embassy of Palestine, Doha
The Embassy of the State of Palestine in Qatar (Arabic: سفارة دولة فلسطين لدى قطر) is the diplomatic mission of Palestine in the State of Qatar. It is located in the Al Dafna seaside district of the Qatari capital Doha.

Al Dafna
Al Dafna (Arabic: الدفنة) is a seaside district of the Qatari capital Doha located on the Persian Gulf. The district is rapidly developing into a central business district, and since the late 1990s dozens of skyscrapers have risen in the district, with over fifty more planned. The district is also home to the City Center mall, one of the Middle East's largest malls.

The district was created in the mid-1980s following a massive land reclamation project along Doha's coastline, and started to develop in the mid-1990s. Currently, Al Dafna is rapidly becoming Doha's new downtown district and, with the massive amount of recent development towards the north of Doha, it is also rapidly becoming the new centre of the city. Housing in the district is mainly up-scale apartments and many foreign consuls reside here.
Woodgrange Park railway station
Woodgrange Park is a railway station on Romford Road in Manor Park in the London Borough of Newham, east London. It is served by the Suffragette line of the London Overground. It is located 12 miles 1 chain (19.3 km) down the line from Gospel Oak. The station is in London fare zone 3 and 4. It has only limited station buildings and facilities.

British Rail Class 710
The British Rail Class 710 Aventra is a class of electric multiple unit passenger trains built by Bombardier Transportation for use on the London Overground network. The trains are part of Bombardier's Aventra family. The contract to provide 45 four-car trains was awarded in July 2015 and the trains were originally due to enter service in May 2018, although introduction was delayed until May 2019.
Tepealan
Tepealan is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Korgan, Ordu Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,534 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is situated 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of Korgan and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Ordu.

In ancient ages, the area around Tepealan was quite populated because of the iron mines around. During the Ottoman Empire era, Turks as well as Greeks and Armenians lived in Tepealan. After the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), Moslem Georgian refugees were also settled in the village. In the 20th century, according to the Population exchange agreement between Turkey and Greece, the Christian population was replaced by a Muslim population from Greece. In 1974, Tepealan was declared a seat of township.

Ordu Province
Ordu Province (Turkish: Ordu ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey, located on the Black Sea coast. Its area is 5,914 km2, and its population is 763,190 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Samsun to the northwest, Tokat to the southwest, Sivas to the south, and Giresun to the east. Its license-plate code is 52. The capital of the province is the city of Ordu.