hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gitlitz v. Commissioner
Gitlitz v. Commissioner, 531 U.S. 206 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned a technical question of tax law dealing with the tax attributes of an S corporation.

S corporation
An S corporation (or S corp), for United States federal income tax, is a closely held corporation (or, in some cases, a limited liability company (LLC) or a partnership) that makes a valid election to be taxed under Subchapter S of Chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code. In general, S corporations do not pay any income taxes. Instead, the corporation's income and losses are divided among and passed through to its shareholders. The shareholders must then report the income or loss on their own individual income tax returns.
Tao (surname)
Tao is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 陶 (Táo). It listed 31st in the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames poem.

Tao (陶) is not to be confused with the Vietnamese surname Tào, derived from the Chinese surname Cao (chữ Hán: 曹) or the Japanese surname Tao (田尾), notably the surname of ski jumper Katsushi Tao (田尾 克史; born 1963) and baseball player Yasushi Tao (田尾 安志; born 1954).

Yasushi Tao
Yasushi Tao (田尾 安志, Tao Yasushi; born January 8, 1954 in Mitoyo, Kagawa) is a Japanese retired Nippon Professional Baseball player. He was raised in Osaka. After playing, Tao managed the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. In his one year as manager, the Eagles finished in last in the PL and was the first PL team in 40 years to lose over 90 games in a single season.
Santa Rita Park, California
Santa Rita Park (Santa Rita, Spanish for "Saint Rita") is an unincorporated community in Merced County, California. It is located 2.25 miles (4 km) east of Dos Palos Y, at an elevation of 118 feet (36 m).

The Santa Rita Park post office opened in 1940. In 1966 it moved west to Dos Palos Y.

Rita of Cascia
Rita of Cascia, OSA (born Margherita Ferri Lotti; 1381 – 22 May 1457), was an Italian widow and Augustinian nun. After Rita's husband died, she joined a small community of nuns, who later became Augustinians, where she was known both for practicing mortification of the flesh and for the efficacy of her prayers. Various miracles are attributed to her intercession, and she is often portrayed with a bleeding wound on her forehead, which is understood to indicate partial stigmata.

Pope Leo XIII canonized Rita on 24 May 1900. Her feast day is celebrated on 22 May. At her canonization ceremony, she was bestowed the title of "Patroness of Impossible Causes". In many Catholic countries, Rita also came to be known as the patroness of abuse victims, couples and marriage difficulties, widows, and the sick. Her bodily remains lie in the Basilica of Santa Rita da Cascia.
78th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces)
The 78th Flying Training Wing was a wing of the United States Army Air Forces.  It was last assigned to the Central Flying Training Command, and was disbanded on 30 June 1945 at the San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center, Texas.

The wing was a World War II unit for the classification and preflight testing of aviation cadets.  It was one of three such centers, the others being at Maxwell Field, Alabama and Santa Ana Army Air Base, California.

There is no lineage between the current United States Air Force 78th Air Base Wing, established on 24 September 1948 at Hamilton Air Force Base, California, and this organization.

Santa Ana Army Air Base
Santa Ana Army Air Base (SAAAB) was a World War II-era air base located near Santa Ana, California. The air base was decommissioned in 1946, and part of the land was annexed by Costa Mesa in 1953. The air base was used for basic training, although it did not have planes, hangars or runways. The base was 1,336 acres (5.41 km2), and the main section of the base was located between Baker Street to the north, Harbor Boulevard to the west, Wilson Street on the south, and Newport Boulevard on the east. The land formerly occupied by the air base is today the home of John Wayne Airport, the Orange County Fairgrounds, and Orange Coast College.
Myrt and Marge (radio series)
Myrt and Marge is an American radio serial which aired from November 2, 1931 to March 27, 1942 on  CBS Radio and the Mutual Broadcasting System. It was created and written by its main star, actress Myrtle Vail.

CBS Radio
CBS Radio was a radio broadcasting company and radio network operator owned by CBS Corporation and founded in 1928, with consolidated radio station groups owned by CBS and Westinghouse Broadcasting/Group W since the 1920s, and Infinity Broadcasting since the 1970s. The broadcasting company was sold to Entercom (now known as Audacy, Inc.) on November 17, 2017.

Although CBS's involvement in radio dates back to the establishment of the original CBS Radio Network in 1927, the most recent radio division was formed by the 1997 acquisition of Infinity Broadcasting by CBS owner Westinghouse. In 1999, Infinity became a division of the original Viacom; in 2005, Viacom spun CBS and Infinity Broadcasting back into a separate company, and the division was renamed CBS Radio. It was the last radio group left to be tied to a major broadcast television network, as NBC divested its radio interests in the 1980s, and ABC sold off its division to Citadel Broadcasting (now part of Cumulus Media) in 2007.
Mount Erie (Washington)
Mount Erie is a mountain on Fidalgo Island in Skagit County, Washington, United States. It is on public park land owned and managed by the city of Anacortes and is located in the south of the Anacortes Community Forest Lands.

Mount Erie was named in 1841 by the Wilkes Expedition for the Battle of Lake Erie. The mountain itself was first explored in the 1960s by local climbers, including Dallas Kloke. It is known for its climbing as well as the view from the summit. The summit is accessible via a single-lane, paved road from the base. At 1,273 feet (388 m) tall, Mount Erie is the highest point on Fidalgo Island. On a clear day, Mount Baker, about 43 miles (69 km) to the northeast, and Mount Rainier, about 117 miles (188 km) to the southeast, can be seen from the summit.

Skagit County, Washington
Skagit County /ˈskædʒɪt/ is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,523. The county seat and largest city is Mount Vernon. The county was formed in 1883 from the southern part of Whatcom County and is named for the Upper and Lower Skagit Indian tribes, which have been indigenous to the area prior to European-American settlement.

Skagit County comprises the Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Puget Sound region, and it is known for its strong agricultural sector and annual tulip festival.
1975 NCAA Division II baseball tournament
The 1975 NCAA Division II baseball tournament decided the champion of baseball at the NCAA Division II level for the 1975 season.  This was the eighth such tournament for the Division, having separated from the University Division in 1957, and further dividing into Division II and Division III for the 1975 season.  The Florida Southern won the championship by defeating Marietta.

Florida Southern Moccasins
The Florida Southern Moccasins (Mocs) are the athletic teams that represent Florida Southern College, located in Lakeland, Florida, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Moccasins compete as members of the Sunshine State Conference in 17 varsity sports. Florida Southern has been a member of the conference since its founding in 1975. Florida Southern also competes as independents in six other sports.
Kleene's algorithm
In theoretical computer science, in particular in formal language theory, Kleene's algorithm transforms a given nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) into a regular expression. 
Together with other conversion algorithms, it establishes the equivalence of several description formats for regular languages. Alternative presentations of the same method include the "elimination method" attributed to Brzozowski and McCluskey, the algorithm of McNaughton and Yamada, and the use of Arden's lemma.

Robert McNaughton
Robert Forbes McNaughton, Jr. (1924–2014) was an American mathematician, logician, and computer scientist with several key contributions in formal languages, grammars and rewriting systems, and word combinatorics.

McNaughton was originally from Brooklyn, and earned a bachelor's degree from Columbia University.
He completed his Ph.D. at Harvard University; his dissertation, On Establishing the Consistency of Systems, was supervised by Willard Van Orman Quine.
He taught at the University of Pennsylvania and then at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

He died in 2014 in Troy, New York.
Utah's 29th State Senate district
The 29th Utah Senate District is located in Washington County and includes Utah House Districts 71, 74, and 75. The current State Senator representing the 29th district is Don L. Ipson. Ipson was appointed to replace Steve Urquhart in the Utah State Senate in 2016.

Utah House of Representatives
The Utah House of Representatives is the lower house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The House is composed of 75 representatives elected from single member constituent districts. Each district contains an average population of 44,000 people. Members of the House are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The House convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.
Johannes Jacobus Smith
Johannes Jacobus Smith (Antwerp 29 June 1867 – Oegstgeest 14 January 1947) (sometimes written as Joannes Jacobus Smith) was a Dutch botanist who, between years 1905 to 1924, crossed the islands of the Dutch East Indies (mainly Java), collecting specimens of plants and describing and cataloguing the flora of these islands. The standard botanical author abbreviation J.J.Sm. is applied to plants described by J.J. Smith.

The description of the flowers of the western half of New Guinea (then a Dutch territory) is largely based on his work. He was, next to Rudolf Schlechter, the most prolific author on New Guinea orchids. He also described numerous plants from other families, such as Ericaceae and Euphorbiaceae.

Rudolf Schlechter
Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids.

He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America and Australia.

His vast herbarium was destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1945.
Adrien Van Beveren
Adrien Pierre Guy Van Beveren (born 4 January 1991) is a French motocross and rally raid rider. Winner of the Enduropale du Touquet in 2014, 2015 and 2016, he is the first driver to win three consecutive titles since Eric Geboers in 1990. He raced under the colors of the Japanese manufacturer Yamaha, but in 2022, he switched to Honda for competing in the Dakar Rally and the World Rally-Raid Championship.

Van Beveren's best result in the Dakar Rally is a 3rd place in the 2024 Dakar Rally and 2025 Dakar Rally. He finished runner-up in the 2021 FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship.

Eric Geboers
Eric Geboers (5 August 1962 – 6 May 2018) was a Belgian professional motocross racer and racing driver. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1980 to 1990 riding for the Suzuki and Honda factory racing teams. A five-time world champion, Geboers is notable for being the first motocross competitor to win each of the three world championship classes (125cc, 250cc, and 500cc). His 39 career Grand Prix victories ranks him fifth overall among motocross world championship competitors.

In 1988, he was named the recipient of the Belgian National Sports Merit Award. In 2011, Geboers was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements. Geboers died in a drowning accident in 2018.
Florence Duperval Guillaume
Florence Duperval Guillaume (French pronunciation: [flɔʁɑ̃s dypɛʁval ɡijom]) is a Haitian politician who was Haiti's Minister of Public Health and Population She was acting Prime Minister of Haiti from 20 December 2014 to 16 January 2015.

Ministry of Health (Haiti)
The Ministry of Public Health and Population  (French: Ministère de la Santé publique et de la Population, MSPP) is a ministry of the Government of Haiti. This ministry is responsible for country-wide health and is part of the Prime Minister's Cabinet.
UBC Thunderbirds men's soccer
The UBC Thunderbirds men's soccer is the intercollegiate varsity soccer team representing the University of British Columbia (UBC), located in Vancouver. The team is a member of the Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CWUAA)  of U Sports Division I.

The Thunderbirds' current head coach is Mike Mosher, who is in charge since 1996 has leaded the team to a record of 5 national and 12 Canada West championships. He was also named "Coach of the Year" two times (national) and four times (conference).

The team play their home matches at the Thunderbird Stadium, with capacity for 3,500 spectators, which also serves as home venue to the women's team.

Established in 1918, the UBC soccer program has won 14 national championships, and 17 conference titles.

Canada West Universities Athletic Association
Canada West (formally the Canada West Universities Athletic Association or CWUAA) is a regional membership association for universities in Western Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media. This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. Canada West is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Atlantic University Sport (AUS), and the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).
Slow jam
A slow jam is music with rhythm and blues and soul influences. Slow jams are commonly R&B ballads or downtempo songs, and are mostly soft-sounding with heavily emotional or romantic lyrical content. The earliest known use of the term is from a July 1, 1961 article in The Chicago Defender. The earliest song to use the term as its title is the 1983 Midnight Star recording "Slow Jam" on their album No Parking on the Dance Floor.

Essence magazine compiled a list of the "25 Best Slow Jams of All Time", containing songs of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and Complex compiled a list of 100 slow jams in "The Best Songs to Get You in the Mood".

Essence (magazine)
Essence (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly lifestyle magazine covering fashion, beauty, entertainment, and culture. First published in 1970, the magazine is written for African-American women.
P. Terry's
P. Terry's Burger Stand is an American regional fast food restaurant chain, headquartered and based in Austin, Texas, that specializes in hamburgers. Founded by Patrick Terry and Kathy Terry, it opened its first restaurant at the corner of South Lamar and Barton Springs Rd, in the Zilker neighborhood of Austin, Texas, in 2005.

P. Terry's signature retro 1950's Googie architecture was inspired by the now defunct Mack Eplen's Drivateria in Abilene, Texas and brought to life by architect Michael Hsu.

In 2018, Southern Living declared P. Terry's to be "America's Best Burger Chain".

As of November 2025, there are 37 locations, all in Texas, with no plans to expand outside of Texas.

Southern Living
Southern Living is a lifestyle magazine aimed at readers in the Southern United States featuring recipes, house plans, garden plans, and information about Southern culture and travel. It is published by Birmingham, Alabama–based Southern Progress Corporation, a unit of IAC's People Inc..
Nicola Dalbeth
Nicola Dalbeth FRSNZ is a New Zealand academic rheumatologist whose research focuses on understanding the impact and mechanisms of gout. She supports clinical and laboratory research programmes and holds dual appointments as a full professor at the University of Auckland and as a consultant for the Auckland District Health Board.

Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health. These research procedures are designed for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis or understanding of disease symptoms.

Clinical research is different from clinical practice: in clinical practice, established treatments are used to improve the condition of a person, while in clinical research, evidence is collected under rigorous study conditions on groups of people to determine the efficacy and safety of a treatment.
Olivetti computers
The Olivetti company, an Italian manufacturer of computers, tablets, smartphones, printers and other such business products as calculators and fax machines, was founded as a typewriter manufacturer by Camillo Olivetti in 1908 in the Turin commune of Ivrea, Italy. 
Olivetti was a pioneer in computer development, starting with the mainframe systems in the 1950s, and continuing into the 1990s with PC-compatible laptops and desktops.

Printer (computing)
A printer is a peripheral machine which makes a durable representation of graphics or text, usually on paper. While most output is human-readable, bar code printers are an example of an expanded use for printers. Different types of printers include 3D printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and thermal printers.
Josh Jensen (politician)
Josh Jensen (born November 3, 1988) is an American politician serving as a member of the New York State Assembly from the 134th district. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on January 6, 2021.

City & State
City & State is a political journalism organization based in New York City. The company publishes a weekly magazine covering politics and government in New York City and New York State that is distributed to New York State legislators, county executives, municipalities, the New York Congressional delegation, New York City Council members and others leaders in New York business and government.

After years of publishing a twice-monthly print edition, City & State has announced plans to switch to a weekly in January 2016. City & State also publishes on their website and sends out a free First Read daily email. In May 2016 the company also launched a monthly magazine based in Philadelphia and a website.

Tom Allon is the organization's president and CEO. In 2021, City & State was acquired by Government Executive Media Group.
Andreas Pevernage
Andreas Pevernage or Andries Pevernage (1542 or 1543 – 30 July 1591) was a Flemish composer of the late Renaissance and a choirmaster in Bruges, Kortrijk, and Antwerp.  He was one of a few composers from the Low Countries who remained in his native land throughout the turbulent period of religious conflict in the late 16th century. He was a skilled composer of chansons, motets and madrigals.

Franco-Flemish School
The designation Franco-Flemish School, also called Netherlandish School, Burgundian School, Low Countries School, Flemish School, Dutch School, or Northern School, refers to the style of polyphonic vocal music composition originating from France and from the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th and 16th centuries as well as to the composers who wrote it. The spread of their technique, especially after the revolutionary development of printing, produced the first true international style since the unification of Gregorian chant in the 9th century. Franco-Flemish composers mainly wrote sacred music, primarily masses, motets, and hymns.
Kay Starr
Kay Starr (born Catherine Laverne Starks; July 21, 1922 – November 3, 2016) was an American singer who enjoyed considerable success in the late 1940s and 1950s. She was of Iroquois and Irish heritage. Starr performed multiple genres, such as pop, jazz, and country, but her roots were in jazz. Her 1952 song "Wheel of Fortune" was a smash hit, and later inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Additionally, she had big hits with "Allez-Vous-En" (from the Broadway Show CAN-CAN) and "If You Love Me (Really Love Me)" in 1953 and 1954, respectively.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Oldhall Green
Oldhall Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Cockfield, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is near the A1141 road between Lavenham and Bury St Edmunds. The Old Hall Green Farm was owned by Richard Hilder.

Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.
Kirimi Dam
Kirimi Dam (Japanese: 桐見ダム) is a gravity dam located in Kochi Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 49.1 km2. The dam impounds about 40  ha of land when full and can store 8160 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1969 and completed in 1988.

Kōchi Prefecture
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県, Kōchi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.tɕi, koː.tɕi̥ꜜ.keɴ], locally [koː.tɕi]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kōchi Prefecture has a population of 669,516 (1 April 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,103 km2 (2,742 sq mi). Kōchi Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the northwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the northeast.

Kōchi is the capital and largest city of Kōchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Nankoku, Shimanto, and Kōnan. Kōchi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific coast surrounding a large bay in the south of Shikoku, with the southernmost point of the island located at Cape Ashizuri in Tosashimizu. Kōchi Prefecture is home to Kōchi Castle, considered the most intact Japanese castle, and the Shimanto River, one of the few undammed rivers in Japan.