hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rush hour
A rush hour (American English, British English) or peak hour (Australian English, Indian English) is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice every weekday: once in the morning and once in the afternoon or evening, the times during which most people commute. The term is often used for a period of peak congestion that may last for more than one hour.

The term is very broad, but often refers specifically to private automobile transportation traffic, even when there is a large volume of cars on a road but not many people, or if the volume is normal but there is some disruption of speed. By analogy to vehicular traffic, the term Internet rush hour has been used to describe periods of peak data network usage, resulting in delays and slower delivery of data packets.

Sydney Trains
Sydney Trains is the brand name and operator of suburban and intercity train services in and around Greater Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.

The metropolitan part of the network is a hybrid urban-suburban rail system with a central underground core. It covers 369 km (229 mi) of route length over 919 km (571 mi) of track, with 169 stations on nine lines.

The network has frequencies of 5–10 minutes at peak-time at most inner-city and major stations, and 15 minutes off-peak at most minor stations. During the weekday peak, train services are more frequent. Nearly the entire fleet consists of bilevel electric multiple unit trains.

The network is managed by Transport for NSW and is part of its Opal ticketing system. In 2024–25, 270 million passenger journeys were made on the suburban network, making it the most-used rail network in Australia.
Ctenosauriscidae
Ctenosauriscidae is an extinct family of pseudosuchian archosaurs within the clade Poposauroidea. Ctenosauriscids existed in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America during the Early Triassic to the Middle Triassic period (latest Olenekian to Anisian stages). All species had large "sails" on their backs. Ctenosauriscids are among some of the earliest archosaurs and represent the first global radiation of the group.

Anisian
In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from 246.7 million years ago until 241.464 million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Epoch) and precedes the Ladinian Age.
Pleasant Valley High School (California)
Pleasant Valley High School (commonly referred to as Pleasant Valley) is a public co-educational and comprehensive high school located in Chico, California teaching ninth grade through twelfth grade. It is the second largest school in the Chico Unified School District, which serves around 14,157 students.

AP Capstone
AP Capstone, officially known as the Advanced Placement Capstone Diploma Program, is a two-year program for high school students in the United States and Canada, developed by the College Board. It consists of two courses: the AP Seminar and AP Research. Students who successfully complete the program and obtain scores of 3 or higher on at least four other AP exams receive either an AP Capstone Diploma or an AP Seminar and Research Certificate.
Best Female Track Athlete ESPY Award
The Best Female Track Athlete ESPY Award was presented annually between 1993 and 2006 to the female track and field athlete, irrespective of nationality, adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Beginning in 2007, this award was combined with the parallel Best Male Track Athlete ESPY Award into the single Best Track and Field Athlete ESPY Award.

Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively experts; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter was exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.

Through the 2001 iteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter were conferred in June and reflected performance from the June previous.

Fan (person)
A fan or fanatic, sometimes also termed an aficionado or enthusiast, is a person who exhibits strong interest or admiration for something or somebody, such as a celebrity, a sport, a sports team, a genre, a politician, a book, a television show, a movie, a video game or an entertainer. Collectively, the fans of a particular object or person constitute its fanbase or fandom. They may show their enthusiasm in a variety of ways, such as by promoting the object of their interest, being members of a related fan club, holding or participating in fan conventions or writing fan mail. They may also engage in creative activities ("fan labor") such as creating fanzines, writing fan fiction, making memes, drawing fan art, or developing fan games. Some excessively avid fans are called "stans" (a portmanteau of stalker and fan).
January 2037 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, January 31, 2037, with an umbral magnitude of 1.2086. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring only about 12 hours before perigee (on February 1, 2037, at 2:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

This eclipse occurs during a supermoon and a blue moon (second full moon of month), of which the most recent occurrence was on January 31, 2018, one previous metonic cycle (19 years).

Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object of lesser size. In cases of equal or smaller impinging objects, only an umbra and penumbra are generated. Assuming no diffraction, for a collimated beam (such as a point source) of light, only the umbra is cast.

These phenomena are generally observed within solar systems, as the size of the stars within the system are larger than the orbiting satellites, hence these terms are most often used for the shadows cast by celestial bodies, though they are sometimes used to describe levels of darkness, such as in sunspots.
Bredon cohomology
The Bredon cohomology, introduced by Glen E. Bredon, is a type of equivariant cohomology that is a contravariant functor from the category of -complexes with equivariant homotopy maps to the category of abelian groups together with the connecting homomorphism satisfying some conditions.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Cytosis
Cytosis (as the biological suffix ‑cytosis) is used in words that describe either the quantity or condition of cells (e.g., leukocytosis, erythrocytosis) or processes that move material across cellular membranes. The three cellular transport processes are endocytosis (into the cell), exocytosis (out of the cell) and transcytosis (through the cell). Related endings include -osis (as in necrosis, apoptosis) and -esis (e.g., diapedesis, emperipolesis, cytokinesis).

Emperipolesis
Emperipolesis is the presence of an intact cell within the cytoplasm of another cell. It is derived from Greek (en is inside, peripoleomai is go round). Emperipolesis is an uncommon biological process, and can be physiological or pathological.

It is related to peripolesis, which is the attachment of one cell to another.

Emperipolesis is unlike phagocytosis, in which the engulfed cell is killed by the lysosomal enzymes of the macrophage. Instead, the engulfed cell remains viable within the other, and can exit at any time without causing structural or functional abnormalities in either cell.
Music of the Northern Mariana Islands
The music of the Northern Mariana Islands is dominated by the folk music of the Chamorros, which remains an important part of the islands' culture, though elements of music left by American, German, Spanish and Japanese colonizers are also in evidence. There are both Carolinian and Chamorro traditional chant styles. A variant of the Spanish cha-cha-chá is popular, as is a Carolinian "stick dance" which combines improvised percussion and foot stomping. A well-known stick dance group is the Talabwog Men Stick Dancers.

The national anthem of the Northern Mariana Islands is "Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi" (in Chamorro, "Satil Matawal Pacifico" in Carolinian), which was adopted in October 1996. The song's melody comes from a German tune, "Im Schoensten Wiesengrunde".

Music festivals in the Northern Mariana Islands include the Fiestan Luta, an annual celebration.

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
Istasus
Istasus or Istasos (Ancient Greek: Ἴστασος) was a town of the Chalcidice in ancient Macedonia. It belonged to the Delian League since it appears in the tribute records of Athens for 422/1 BCE, where it had to pay a phoros of 500 drachmas. It has been suggested that Istasus should be identified with another city that appears in another tribute register in Athens called Pistasus, a suggestion accepted by the editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World.

Its site is unlocated.

Chalkidiki
Chalkidiki (/kælˈkɪdɪki/; Greek: Χαλκιδική, romanized: Chalkidikḗ [xalciðiˈci], alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit.

The capital of Chalkidiki is the town of Polygyros, located in the centre of the peninsula, while the largest town is Nea Moudania. Chalkidiki is a popular summer tourist destination.
Viewliner
The Viewliner is a single-level railroad car type operated by Amtrak on most long-distance routes operating east of Chicago.  The Viewliner I fleet of 50 sleeping cars entered service in 1994. Several types of Viewliner II cars entered service beginning in the 2010s: 70 baggage cars entered service during 2015–2016; 25 dining cars during 2016–2019; 10 baggage–dormitory cars in 2019; and 25 sleeping cars in 2021.

The Viewliner II baggage cars are used on all Amtrak trains with full baggage cars, both single-level and bi-level, and replaced all of the Heritage Fleet baggage cars that Amtrak inherited from the freight railroads when it was established in 1971.  Similarly, the Viewliner II dining cars replaced all of the Heritage Fleet dining cars.

Trains (magazine)
Trains is a monthly magazine about trains and railroads aimed at railroad enthusiasts and railroad industry employees. The magazine primarily covers railroad happenings in the United States and Canada, but has some articles on railroading elsewhere.

It was founded as Trains in 1940 by publisher Al C. Kalmbach and editorial director Linn Westcott. From October 1951 to March 1954, the magazine was named Trains and Travel. Jim Wrinn, a former reporter and editor at the Charlotte Observer, served as the longest-served editor from 2004 until his death in 2022.

Trains was long among the 11 magazines published by Kalmbach Media, based in Waukesha, Wisconsin. In May 2024, Kalmbach Media sold Trains, along with other railroad and astronomy-related publications to Firecrown Media.
MV Princess of the Stars
MV Princess of the Stars was a passenger ferry owned by Filipino shipping company Sulpicio Lines, that capsized and sank on June 21, 2008, off the coast of San Fernando, Romblon at the height of Typhoon Fengshen, which was locally named by PAGASA as Frank. The storm passed directly over Romblon as a Category 2 typhoon, leading to the capsizing of the vessel; 814 people died as a result of the disaster.

PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (full name: Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration) (Filipino: Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko), abbreviated as PAGASA or DOST-PAGASA, is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Philippines mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and to ensure the safety, well-being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by undertaking scientific and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and other geophysical sciences. Created on December 8, 1972, by reorganizing the Weather Bureau, PAGASA now serves as one of the Scientific and Technological Services Institutes of the Department of Science and Technology.
Ben van Oosten
Bernardus Franciscus van Oosten (born 8 April 1955) is a Dutch organist, pedagogue and author. He is titular organist of the Grote Kerk in his hometown of The Hague and is an organ professor at Rotterdam Conservatoire.

Alexandre Guilmant
Félix-Alexandre Guilmant (French pronunciation: [feliks alɛksɑ̃dʁ ɡilmɑ̃]; 12 March 1837 – 29 March 1911) was a French organist and composer. He was the organist of La Trinité from 1871 until 1901. A noted pedagogue, performer, and improviser, Guilmant helped found the Schola Cantorum de Paris. He was appointed as Professor of Organ in the Conservatoire de Paris in 1896.
2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round
The 2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round was a Superleague Formula round  held on June 20, 2010, at the Circuito del Jarama circuit, Madrid, Spain. It was the second year in a row that Superleague Formula visited the Jarama circuit, and was the first of two races in Spain for 2010. It was the fourth round of the 2010 Superleague Formula season.

Eighteen clubs took part including two Spanish clubs: Atlético Madrid and Sevilla FC.

Support races included the FIA GT3 European Championship.

Sevilla FC (Superleague Formula team)
Sevilla FC Superleague Formula team was the racing team of Sevilla FC, a football team that competes in Spain in La Liga. The Sevilla FC racing team competed in the Superleague Formula. They were operated by GTA Motor Competición.
Retzlaff
Retzlaff, less commonly Retzlaw, is a surname. Although mainly found in German-speaking countries, it is derived from Slavic personal names Radoslav or Ratislav. Notable people with the surname include:

Brendon Retzlaff (born 1969), Australian rules footballer

Bryce Retzlaff (born 1991), Australian rules football player

Charley Retzlaff (1904–1970), American heavyweight boxer

Erich Retzlaff (1899–1993), German photographer

Jake Retzlaff, college American football quarterback

Misa Telefoni Retzlaff (born 1952), Samoan politician

Nick Retzlaff (born 1996), American soccer player

Parker Retzlaff (born 2003), American race car driver

Pete Retzlaff (1931–2020), American football player and manager

Karl Retzlaw (1896–1979), German politician

Misa Telefoni Retzlaff
Misa Telefoni Retzlaff (born Hermann Theodor Retzlaff, 21 May 1952) is a Samoan author and retired politician who served as the deputy prime minister of Samoa and deputy leader of the Human Rights Protection Party from 2001 to 2011. A member of the Human Rights Protection Party, Retzlaff was also minister of finance from 2006 to 2011.
Saafi Brothers
The Saafi Brothers are a downtempo music project from Germany, consisting of Gabriel Le Mar and Michael Kohlbecker.  They also produce psychedelic trance, dub  and ambient music.

The band has seen some success in the chill out spaces at large festivals.  The name Saafi is derived from a Sanskrit word meaning "travelling musician". Alex Azary was once a member of the band.

They have released five albums since 1997. Supernatural with strong world music influences was released in 2007. Their fifth album Live on the Roadblog was released as a live recorded album.

Psychedelic trance
Psychedelic trance, psytrance, or psy is a subgenre of trance music characterized by arrangements of rhythms and layered melodies created by high tempo riffs. The genre offers variety in terms of mood, tempo, and style. Some examples include full on, darkpsy, forest, minimal (Zenonesque), hitech psy, progressive, suomi, psy-chill, psycore (fusion of psychedelic trance and hardcore), psybient (fusion of psychedelic trance and ambient), psybreaks, or "adapted" tracks from other music genres. Goa trance preceded psytrance; when digital media became more commonly used, psytrance evolved. Goa continues to develop alongside the other genres.
George T. Miller
George Trumbull Miller (28 November 1943 – 17 February 2023) was a Scottish-born Australian film and television director and producer. He directed The Man from Snowy River, The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter, and Zeus and Roxanne.

Miller was born in Edinburgh on 28 November 1943. He started his career in 1966 working for Crawford Productions. "They trained you to do everything, they'd throw you in at the deep end to see if you sank or swam," he said. "I was one of the ones who swam – you wouldn't get that training anywhere now."

Miller said he was offered to direct Crocodile Dundee; but he had to turn it down, because he was going to make another film at the time, which ended up not being made.

Miller died from a heart attack in Melbourne on 17 February 2023, at the age of 79.

Crawford Productions
Crawford Productions is an Australian former media production house, now primarily involved in distribution and licensing. It focused on the radio and television industries.

Founded in Melbourne, Victoria in 1945 by Hector Crawford and his sister, actress and voice-over artist Dorothy Crawford, the company, also known as Crawfords Australia, is now a subsidiary of the WIN Corporation.

The company has been defunct as a production house since 2002, and it now markets DVDs of it former programs.
WTLA
WTLA (1200 AM; "ESPN Radio 97.7") is a commercial radio station licensed to North Syracuse, New York, and serving the Syracuse metropolitan area.  The station is owned by Galaxy Media Partners and airs a sports radio format.  Programming is also simulcast on co-owned WSGO (1400 AM) in Oswego, New York.

WTLA operates with 1,000 watts.  Because 1200 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A station WOAI in San Antonio, WTLA uses a directional antenna at night to avoid interference when radio waves travel farther.  WTLA's transmitter is off Davis Road North in Cicero, New York, near Interstate 481.  WTLA also is heard on 120-watt FM translator W249BC at 97.7 MHz in nearby Mattydale, New York.

WOAI (AM)
WOAI (1200 kHz) is a commercial radio station in San Antonio, Texas, which airs a news/talk radio format. It is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. With iHeart's headquarters in San Antonio, WOAI is the company's flagship station. The station's studios are in the Stone Oak neighborhood in Far North San Antonio, and its transmitter site is off Santa Clara Road in Zuehl.

WOAI uses the moniker "The 50,000 Watt Blowtorch of South Texas." It is a class A, non-directional clear-channel station, broadcasting full-time at the U.S. maximum power of 50,000 watts. During the day, WOAI covers most of Central and South Texas. WOAI's nighttime signal reaches much of the United States and Mexico, and parts of central Canada. However, it is strongest in the central United States.
Swimming at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1924 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event, which had not been featured at the 1900 Games. The competition was held on Saturday July 19, 1924 and on Sunday July 20, 1924. There were 30 competitors from 15 nations. Nations were limited to three swimmers each, down from four in 1920. The United States swept the medals for the second consecutive Games, winning its fourth consecutive gold medal. Johnny Weissmuller beat two-time defending champion Duke Kahanamoku in the final. Kahanamoku was the first man to win three medals in the event. His brother Samuel Kahanamoku earned the bronze medal.

100 metre freestyle
The 100 metre freestyle is often considered to be the highlight (Blue Ribbon event) of the sport of swimming, like 100 metres in the sport of athletics, symbolizing the pinnacle of speed and athleticism in swimming competitions.

The first swimmer to break the one-minute barrier (long course) was Johnny Weissmuller, in 1922. The current world records holders are Pan Zhanle who broke the record in Paris 2024 Olympics  and Sarah Sjöström (since 2017).

Australian Dawn Fraser won the event a record three times at the Olympics, and she is the only woman to win it more than once. Four men, American Duke Kahanamoku, Weissmuller, Russian Alexander Popov, and Dutchman Pieter van den Hoogenband won the event at the Olympics twice. Popov was also world champion (held since 1973) three times.
Greater Mekong Sub-region Academic and Research Network
The Greater Mekong Sub-region Academic and Research Network (GMSARN) is a network of academic and research institutions in a Greater Mekong sub-region.

Its mission is to carry out activities in human resources development, joint research, and dissemination of information and intellectual assets generated in the region. With an emphasis to complementary linkages between technological and socio-economic development issues.

Technological change
Technological change or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. Technological change includes the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release, research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of technologies (toward goals such as maximizing profit), and the diffusion of technologies throughout industry or society (which sometimes involves disruption and convergence).