hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossary of artificial intelligence
This glossary of artificial intelligence is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to the study of artificial intelligence (AI), its subdisciplines, and related fields. Related glossaries include Glossary of computer science, Glossary of robotics, Glossary of machine vision, and Glossary of logic.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Spatz
Spatz is a children's comedy series that ran on Children's ITV during the 1990s, produced by Thames Television and created by Andrew Bethell. The programme originally ran from 21 February 1990 to 10 April 1992. The programme centred on a fast food restaurant situated in a fictional shopping centre in Cricklewood, London. It was operated by two Canadians, Karen Hansson (Jennifer Calvert), Spatz International's self-centered European Co-ordinator, and Thomas "TJ" Strickland (Paul Michael), the restaurant's kind-hearted manager. Vas Blackwood, Stephanie Charles, Jonathan Copestake, Sue Devaney, Joe Greco, Katy Murphy, Ling Tai and Samantha Womack appeared as Spatz restaurant employees. Guest stars included David Harewood, Rhys Ifans, Gary Lineker, Danny John-Jules and Nicholas Parsons.

Nicholas Parsons
Christopher Nicholas Parsons (10 October 1923 – 28 January 2020) was an English actor, straight man and radio and television presenter. He was the long-running presenter of the comedy radio show Just a Minute and hosted the game show Sale of the Century during the 1970s and early 1980s.

Parsons was born and grew up in Grantham, Lincolnshire, and was educated at St Paul's School, London. He became a full-time actor following the Second World War and began appearing in various theatre, film and television roles, including support to Arthur Haynes as his straight man. He began presenting Just a Minute in 1967 and never missed a show until 2018. In addition to his well-known roles on this and Sale of the Century, he appeared as a guest on other television shows, including Doctor Who and Have I Got News for You.
Cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase
In enzymology, a cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase (EC 1.12.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3  4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are H2 and ferricytochrome c3, whereas its two products are H+ and ferrocytochrome c3.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on hydrogen as donor with a cytochrome as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydrogen:ferricytochrome-c3 oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include H2:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase, cytochrome c3 reductase, cytochrome hydrogenase, and hydrogenase [ambiguous].  It has 3 cofactors: iron, Nickel,  and Iron-sulfur.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Daughter (band)
Daughter is a European indie folk trio. Fronted by North London native Elena Tonra (born 15 January 1990), the band was formed in 2010 after the addition of American-born Swiss guitarist Igor Haefeli and drummer Remi Aguilella from France. They have released four EPs and three albums, and are currently signed to Glassnote (North America) and 4AD (Europe). After playing the local London circuit, they toured supporting Ben Howard around Europe and have since played headlining tours around North America, Europe and Australia.

Huw Stephens
Huw Meredydd Stephens (born 25 May 1981) is a Welsh radio and television presenter, currently broadcasting on BBC Radio Wales, BBC Radio Cymru and BBC Radio 6 Music.

Stephens founded the Sŵn music festival with John Rostron and the yearly showcase Welsh Language Music Day.

Stephens produced the 2018 documentary film Anorac about the Welsh language music scene. He presented the Cofiwch Dryweryn documentary for S4C, following the history of the graffiti that his father painted in 1963, and The Story of Welsh Art, a 3-part documentary series for the BBC. He also presented Cymru Rising on BBC Radio 4, documenting the Welsh language music scene.
Fabio Amín
Fabio Raúl Amín Saleme (born October 15, 1976) is a Colombian economist, politician, and senator. A member of the Liberal Party, he has held his seat since 2018.

Born in Lorica, Córdoba, Amín graduated from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, D.C. He began his career as a Member of the Departmental Assembly of Córdoba in 2004. Amín was elected to the Chamber of Representatives in 2006 where he held his seat for twelve years. In 2014, he was elected President of the Chamber of Representatives, a position he held until 2015. He was subsequently elected as a Senator in 2018.

Colombian Liberal Party
The Colombian Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano; PLC) is a  centre-left political party in Colombia. It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition, joining the Socialist International in 1999.

The Liberal Party along with the Colombian Conservative Party dominated the Colombian political scene from the end of the 19th century until 2002, in bipartisan political hegemony. The two parties were in direct military conflict between 1948 and 1958, during the civil war period known as La Violencia, after which they established the "National Front", agreeing to rotate power, intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. The election victory of independent candidate Álvaro Uribe in 2002 put an end to dominance of two party politics in Colombia.

Currently, the Liberal Party is the largest party in Congress and supported the left-wing presidency of Gustavo Petro until leaving Petro's coalition on 28 November 2023.
Sant Andreu de la Barca
Sant Andreu de la Barca (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsant ənˈdɾew ðə lə ˈβaɾkə]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Baix Llobregat in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the right bank of the Llobregat river, on the main N-II road The main rail lines of the Llobregat corridor pass through the town, and all the 
FGC suburban services stop at the station.

Llobregat
The Llobregat (Catalan pronunciation: [ʎuβɾəˈɣat]) is the second longest river in Catalonia, Spain, after the Ter. It flows into the Mediterranean south of the city of Barcelona. Its name could have originated in an ancient Latin word meaning 'dark', 'muddy' or 'slippery', or simply from its ancient name Rubricatus, literally 'red'.
Verkhny Ikorets
Verkhny Ikorets (Russian: Верхний Икорец) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkhneikoretskoye Rural Settlement, Bobrovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,155 as of 2010. There are 16 streets.

Bobrovsky District
Bobrovsky District  (Russian: Бобро́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,233 square kilometers (862 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Bobrov. Population: 49,371 (2021 Census); 49,494 (2010 Census); 54,162 (2002 Census); 58,650 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bobrov accounts for 42.3% of the district's total population.
Wee Boon Teck
Wee Boon Teck (Chinese: 黃文德; pinyin: Huáng Wéndé; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ûiⁿ Bûn-tek; 1850–1888) was the only son of Wee Bin and was the latter's successor at the firm of Wee Bin & Co., where he improved and strengthened the position of the firm. He served on the committees of Tan Tock Seng Hospital and Po Leung Kuk. He donated $4,000 to the Tan Tock Seng Hospital, which was invested by Government for about twenty years and which was then applied towards the cost of building a ward bearing his name in the hospital at Moulmein Road. He was described as having a kindly and charitable disposition. Wee Boon Teck died on 22 September 1888 at the age of 38. Boon Teck Road is named after him.

Tan Tock Seng Hospital
Tan Tock Seng Hospital (abbreviation: TTSH) is a tertiary referral hospital in Singapore, located in Novena. Named after Tan Tock Seng, the hospital has 45 clinical and allied health departments, 16 specialist centres and is powered by more than 8,000 healthcare staff. Tan Tock Seng Hospital is Singapore's second-largest acute care general hospital with over 1,500 beds (second only to Singapore General Hospital). TTSH has the busiest trauma centre in the country; 100 trauma cases are seen every day and 100 surgeries are performed daily.

TTSH is the flagship hospital of the National Healthcare Group and the principal teaching hospital for the NTU Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine. Its campus includes the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) and two national specialty centres, namely the National Skin Centre (NSC) and the National Neuroscience Institute (NNI).
Mola carplet
The mola carplet (Amblypharyngodon mola) is a species of carplet in the family Danionidae. It is found in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, although IUCN considers its presence certain only in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. Adult Amblypharyngodon mola are typically found in ponds, canals, beels, slow-moving streams, nullahs, and paddy fields. They can reach 20 cm (7.9 in) in total length.

In Indian subcontinent mola carplet has value as foodfish.

Danionin
The danionins are a group of small, slender "minnow-type" freshwater fish nestled in the family Danionidae of the suborder Cyprinoidei. Species of this group are in the genera clades Danio and Devario (which also includes Chela, Laubuka, Microdevario, and Microrasbora genera), based on the latest phylo-genetic research by Fang et al in 2009. They are primarily native to the fresh waters of South and Southeast Asia, with fewer species in Africa. Many species are brightly coloured and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Fishes of the Danio clade tend to have horizontal striping, rows of spots, or vertical bars, and often have long barbels. Species within the Devario clade tend to have vertical or horizontal bars, and short, rudimentary barbels, if present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers, and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores, living on insects and small crustaceans.
2010 California Proposition 14
Proposition 14 is a California ballot proposition that appeared on the ballot during the June 2010 state elections. It was a constitutional amendment that effectively transformed California's non-presidential elections from first-past-the-post to a nonpartisan blanket primary (a two-round system). The proposition was legislatively referred to voters by the State Legislature and approved by 54% of the voters. It consolidated all partisan primaries for a particular office into an election with one ballot that would be identical to all voters, regardless of their party preferences. The two candidates with the most votes in the primary election would then be the only candidates who would run in the general election, regardless of their party affiliation.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Mean Mendrez
Mary Anne "Mean" Mendrez (born November 14, 1998) is a Filipino volleyball player, currently the outside hitter and middle blocker for the Choco Mucho Flying Titans. From 2016 to 2021, she was the outside spiker for the UE Lady Warriors volleyball team of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines, where in 2018 she was awarded as the PSL Collegiate Grand Slam Second Best Outside Spiker.

Generika–Ayala Lifesavers
The Generika–Ayala Lifesavers were a women's volleyball team in the Philippines owned by Actimed Inc., opeators of Generika Drugstore. The team competed in the Philippine Super Liga (PSL) in 2014 and again from 2016 to 2020.

Generika's first venture in the PSL was a partnership with the Philippine Army Lady Troopers during the 2014 All-Filipino Conference, before establishing their own team beginning with the 2014 Grand Prix Conference after acquiring the AirAsia Flying Spikers. In 2015, the team was disbanded and its remnants formed the Shopinas.com Lady Clickers. In 2016, the team was revived and a year later, entered a new partnership with Ayala Corporation.

In December 2020, the team took a leave of absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lifesavers were also not among the PSL member teams to join the professional Premier Volleyball League (PVL).

Generika earned two podium finishes, one in 2014 and the other in 2018, but did win one championship under the Army partnership.
Costanza (surname)
Costanza is an Italian surname. Notable people with this name include the following:

Chrissy Costanza (born 1995), American singer

John Costanza (born 1943), American artist and letterer

Midge Costanza (1932–2010), American politician

Mike Costanza, American filmmaker

Pascal Costanza, German computer scientist

Pete Costanza (1913–1984), American comic book artist and illustrator

Robert Costanza (born 1950), American-Australian ecologist and economist

Tomas Costanza (born 1976), American record producer

Tony Costanza (1968–2020), American drummer

Valentina Costanza (born 1987), Italian runner

George Costanza, fictional character from Seinfeld

Midge Costanza
Margaret "Midge" Costanza (November 28, 1932 – March 23, 2010) was an American presidential advisor and a social and political activist. A lifelong champion of gay and women's rights, she was known for her wit, outspoken manner, and commitment to her convictions.
2008 Studénka train wreck
On 8 August 2008, at approximately 10:30 local time (8:30 UTC), EuroCity train EC 108 Comenius, en route from Kraków, Poland, to Prague, Czech Republic, struck a part of a motorway bridge that had fallen onto the railroad track near the Studénka railway station in the Czech Republic. The train derailed, killing eight people and injuring 64.

Derailment
In rail transport, a derailment is a type of railway accident that occurs when a moving rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially serious hazard.

A derailment of a train can be caused by a collision with another object, operator error (such as excessive speed through a curve), mechanical failure of tracks (such as broken rails) or wheels, among other causes. In emergency situations, deliberate derailment with derails or catch points is sometimes used to prevent a more serious accident.
TVN24 BiS
TVN24 BiS (formerly TVN CNBC and TVN24 Biznes i Świat) is a Polish 24-hour hybrid business and world news channel, sister channel to TVN24. TVN24 BiS belongs to the TVN Group which in turn is controlled by Warner Bros. Discovery. The channel's main newsroom and studio are located at the Media Business Centre building in Warsaw. As the hybrid business and International news channel, most of the programmes are a combination of both format, although there are some exceptions.

The channel is available on satellite television platforms Polsat Box and Canal+, as well as most cable networks in Poland. The channel is competing with Telewizja Polsat's Polsat News 2, which also utilises the hybrid 'news and business' format similar to TVN24 BiS's.

Telewizja Polsat
Telewizja Polsat is a Polish media company and broadcaster of television channels mainly under the Polsat brand.

In November 2010 Cyfrowy Polsat announced that it had acquired 100% of the Telewizja Polsat shares.
My Husband's Woman
My Husband's Woman (Korean: 내 남자의 여자; RR: Nae namjaui yeoja; lit. 'My Man's Woman') is a 2007 South Korean television series starring Kim Hee-ae, Bae Jong-ok, and Kim Sang-joong. It aired on SBS TV from April 2 to June 19, 2007, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes.

Written by renowned TV scribe Kim Soo-hyun in her no-nonsense yet provocative style, the TV series explores the intimate and painful ordeal of women on both sides of the story behind an extramarital affair, delving into the minds of the betrayed and the betrayer.

It was the second highest-rated Korean drama of 2007 (next to Jumong), and won Kim Hee-ae the Grand Prize ("Daesang") at the 2007 SBS Drama Awards.

SBS TV
SBS TV (Seoul Broadcasting System Television) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel operated by Seoul Broadcasting System. The channel was launched on 9 December 1991. Unlike competing network MBC, SBS operates using a federalized structure, managing a network of nine stations (of which SBS in Seoul is the flagship) to supply programming, while the affiliates outside Seoul carry local programming to cater to local needs.
Jonah Parfait Prezaly
Jonah Parfait Prezaly is a Malagasy politician who served as a member of the High Authority of the Transition (HAT) under President Andry Rajoelina. He  was a member of the Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery (LEADER-Fanilo) party.

He was elected to the National Assembly of Madagascar in the September 2007 parliamentary election as the LEADER-Fanilo candidate in the constituency of Befandriana Nord, and he was the only LEADER-Fanilo candidate to win a seat.

President Marc Ravalomanana was forced to resign amidst a political crisis in March 2009, and opposition leader Andry Rajoelina took power. Rajoelina set up the High Authority of the Transition (HAT) as the ruling body, and Prezaly was appointed as one of the HAT's 44 members on 31 March 2009.

He was re-elected for the party Matita in the Befandriana-Nord District in 2019.

Befandriana-Nord District
Befandriana-Nord or Befandriana-Avaratra (literally North Befandriana) is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Bealanana in north, Andapa to the northeast, Maroantsetra to the east, Mandritsara to the south, Boriziny-Vaovao (formerly Port-Bergé) to the southwest and Antsohihy to the north-west. The area is 8,718.98 km2 (3,366 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 271,314 in 2020.
Makeup Man
Makeup Man is a 2011 Malayalam comedy film directed by Shafi and written by the Sachi-Sethu duo. The film stars Jayaram, Sheela, Siddique and Suraj Venjarammoodu in the lead roles, with Prithviraj and Kunchacko Boban appearing in guest roles. Vidyasagar composed the music, with lyrics penned by Kaithapram. The tumultuous life of a couple, after the wife becomes a heroine just by chance and the husband is forced to disguise himself as her makeup man, is being told here. The core plot of the movie was loosely based on the 2001 French movie My Wife Is an Actress.

My Wife Is an Actress
My Wife is an Actress (French: Ma femme est une actrice) is a 2001 French romantic comedy-drama film starring Yvan Attal and Charlotte Gainsbourg. Attal plays a journalist who becomes obsessively jealous when his actress wife gets a part in a movie with an attractive co-star. Attal also wrote and directed the film. The film stars Terence Stamp among others. This film is also highly biographic, as Yvan and Charlotte are a real-life couple since 1991, and have three children. According to Yvan, the idea and a part of the plot originates from real-life events.
Onze Danses Pour Combattre la Migraine
Onze Danses Pour Combattre la Migraine (English: Eleven Dances for Fighting Migraines) is the  debut album by Belgian avant-rock band Aksak Maboul. It was largely the work of one of the band's co-founders, Marc Hollander and was credited to Marc Hollander/Aksak Maboul. It was released on LP in 1977 on a Belgian independent record label, Kamikaze Records, and later re-released twice on Hollander's own Crammed Discs label: on LP in 1981, and on CD in 2003.

Chris Joris
Chris Joris (born 30 November 1952, Mechelen) is a Belgian jazz percussionist, pianist and composer.  He is the son of Jan Joris, an opera singer.  Joris joined Aksak Maboul in 1977, appeared on their first album but left the group later that year. In the mid-1990s, he formed The Chris Joris Experience, a jazz band with Sam Versweyveld (trumpet), Bart Defoort (saxophone), Ernst Vranckx (piano) and Chris Mentens (acoustic bass).  He won the 1998 Belgian Golden Django for best Flemish artist.
Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Opera Production
The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Opera Production is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

This award was first presented in 1993, becoming only the second Olivier Award focused solely on opera, along with the award for Outstanding Achievement in Opera (introduced in 1977).

1976 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1976 Society of West End Theatre Awards were held in December 1976, at the Café Royal in London. They were the first major award ceremony celebrating excellence in West End theatre from the Society of West End Theatre, which would change its name to the Society of London Theatre in 1984 – the same year the awards would be renamed the Laurence Olivier Awards.