hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joshua Wright (Alaska politician)
Joshua J. Wright II (August 6, 1929 – November 2, 2017) was a dentist and politician in the United States who served as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives between 1970 and 1972. Born in Georgetown, South Carolina on August 6, 1929, to Joshua and Louise Wright, he attended Howard University, where he studied zoology, chemistry, and later, dentistry. By 1956, Wright had moved to Mt. Edgecombe, Alaska, where he worked for the Public Health Service Hospital until 1958, when he moved to Anchorage.

Wright was a member of the Anchorage School Board between 1969 and 1972, and served a nearly concurrent term on the Alaska House of Representatives from 1970 to 1972. He retired from dentistry in 2013, and died on November 2, 2017, aged 88.

Mount Edgecumbe (Alaska)
Mount Edgecumbe (Tlingit: Lʼúx, Russian: Эджком) is a dormant stratovolcano located at the southern end of Kruzof Island, Alaska, about 15 miles (24 km) west of Sitka. The volcano has been dormant for over 800 years. Mount Edgecumbe is about 9.9 miles (16 km) east of the Queen Charlotte Fault that separates the North American and Pacific Plates, and is the highest point in the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, an area of about 100 square miles (260 km2) on Kruzof Island that also includes Crater Ridge and Shell Mountain.

Mount Edgecumbe has not had a major eruption in 4000 years. Recent earthquake activity shows magma intrusion at a depth of 3 miles (5 km), but as of 2022, an eruption does not appear to be imminent. It has been classified by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) as "historically active". Mount Edgecumbe was a prop in a 1974 April Fools' Joke, which involved tricking the citizens of Sitka into believing the volcano was erupting.
Athenodorus of Byzantium
Athenodorus of Byzantium (Greek: Ἀθηνόδωρος), also known as Athenogenes (Ἀθηνογένης; died 148) was bishop of Byzantium from 144 to 148. During his years of office, when the city was administered by Zeuxippus, there was a significant increase in the Christian population. Athenodorus commissioned the construction of a second cathedral in Elaea, which was later renovated by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, who wanted to be buried there. Eventually, he was not buried there, as it was deemed improper for Emperors to be buried outside Byzantium. The cathedral was devoted to the martyrdoms of Eleazar and of the seven children in 2 Maccabees.

Woman with seven sons
The woman with seven sons was a Jewish martyr described in the deuterocanonical 2 Maccabees 7 and elaborated in 4 Maccabees She and her seven sons were arrested during the persecution of Judaism initiated by King Antiochus IV Epiphanes. They were ordered to consume pork and thus violate Jewish law as part of the campaign. They repeatedly refused, and Antiochus tortured and killed the sons one by one in front of the unflinching and stout-hearted mother before eventually killing her as well.

The historical setting of the story is around the beginning of the persecution of Jews by Antiochus IV (c. 167/166 BCE) that led to the Maccabean Revolt. Although unnamed in 2 Maccabees, the mother is known variously as Hannah, Miriam, Solomonia, and Shmouni.

Other versions of the story appear in Jewish sources such as the Talmud and Josippon.
Epeli Ruivadra (rugby union, born 1977)
Epeli Ruivadra (born 1 June 1977 in Nausori) is a Fijian rugby union footballer.  He plays as a centre.

He is 1.85m tall and weighs 90 kg. He started playing rugby at Lelean Memorial School and represented the school's Under 19s team in the Deans Trophy in 1997. He even tried to play at prop for his club Dravo before moving to the backs.

He trialled in 2001 for the Pacific Tri-Nations and he managed to break into the squad for the tour to Europe later that year, then made the Fiji sevens squad for Beijing and Hong Kong in 2002 where he was Fiji's top try-scorer at both tournaments.

Ruivadra made his Test debut under Mac McCallion in the first game against Tonga in June 2002, and scored a try.

He earned a spot in the Rugby World Cup 2003 and played an instrumental role in Fiji's final pool game against Scotland but they were unlucky to lose.

Fiji national rugby sevens team
The Fiji national rugby sevens team has competed in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Rugby World Cup Sevens and the Olympics. Fiji won the gold medal in the inaugural rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics in 2016 in Brazil, the country's first Olympic medal in any event, and repeated as Olympic champions in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, defeating New Zealand. Fiji would fall short from winning gold for a third straight time in 2024 after a defeat in the final to hosts France. Overall, Fiji are the only national rugby sevens team in the world to have won the Sevens Treble (the Olympics, Sevens Series, and World Cup), the three major achievements in Sevens. They have won multiple World Rugby Sevens Series and Rugby World Cup Sevens.

Fiji Sevens is watched and enjoyed by fans around the world for its style of play — the "Flying Fijians" play with Fijian flair. Their passing and offloads can be unorthodox for traditional rugby coaching, and more similar to basketball style.
Ghulam Hassan Safi
Ghulam Hassan Safi (1902–1984) (Safi alternative spelling for Safay, Sapi, Saapai etc.) was a prominent Afghan politician and diplomat. He was one of the founding members of Afghan political movement Weesh Zalmyan (Awakened Youth). Other founding members of the movement were Qazi Bahram, Abdul Hadi Tokhay, Mohammad Rasul Pashtun, Fayz Mohammad Angar, Gul Pacha Ulfat, Qiamuddin Khadem, Ghulam Mohayuddin Zurmulwal, Abdur Raof Benawa, Nur Mohammad Taraki, and others.

He was born in Omarzai district of Laghman, a province in eastern Afghanistan. Ghulam Hassan Safi is father of Afghan politician and law professor Dr. Wadir Safi.

Ghulam Hassan Safi played a major role in the history and the political arena of Afghanistan during the 1950s and 1960s.

Wesh Zalmian
Wesh Zalmian (Pashto: ويښ زلميان or Awakened Youth) was a reformist youth movement started in 1947 in Kandahar Afghanistan. The movement was focused on a nationalist agenda of modernization. Following a brief period of liberalisation encouraged by Prime Minister Shah Mahmud Khan, it was dissolved in a crackdown in 1951 and 1952. The crackdown has been described as a contributing factor in the radicalisation of many leaders who later established the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. Noor Mohammad Tarakai stated he was a founder of the movement, and Babrak Karmal and Hafizullah Amin also said they had been involved.
Victoria Peak (British Columbia)
Victoria Peak is a mountain located in the Sutton Range of the Vancouver Island Ranges.  At 2163 m, it is the third highest peak on Vancouver Island.  The mountain is located on the White River valley and has mountains of comparable elevation nearby.  It is accessible as a day trip by logging road and is visible from Campbell River and the Discovery Islands.

Campbell River, British Columbia
Campbell River is a city in the Sayward Land District of British Columbia, Canada, on the east coast of Vancouver Island at the south end of Discovery Passage, which lies along the 50th parallel north along the important Inside Passage shipping route. Campbell River has a population (2021 census) of 35,138 and has long been touted as the "salmon capital of the world." Campbell River and Region are near the communities of Quadra and the Discovery Islands, Sayward, Oyster River, Gold River, Tahsis and Zeballos.

Campbell River is served by the coast-spanning Island Highway, the nearby but now defunct Island Rail Corridor, and Campbell River Airport.
1854 in poetry
'Forward, the Light Brigade!'
Was there a man dismay'd?
Not tho' the soldiers knew
Some one had blunder'd:
Their's not to make reply,
Their's not to reason why,
Their's but to do and die:
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.

— From "The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred Lord Tennyson, first published this year

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

English poetry
This article focuses on poetry from the United Kingdom written in the English language. The article does not cover poetry from other countries where the English language is spoken, including the Republic of Ireland after December 1922.

The earliest surviving English poetry, written in Anglo-Saxon, the direct predecessor of modern English, may have been composed as early as the 7th century.
Evidence-based scheduling
Evidence-based scheduling is a software estimation approach created by Joel Spolsky, a commentator on software engineering principles. Evidence-based Scheduling is based on at least two core ideas: including all time spent, and using a Monte Carlo completion date prediction method. Evidence-based scheduling is an example of an evidence-based practice.

Joel Spolsky
Avram Joel Spolsky (Hebrew: אברם יואל ספולסקי; born 1965) is a software engineer and writer. He is the author of Joel on Software, a blog on software development, and the creator of the project management software Trello. He was a Program Manager on the Microsoft Excel team between 1991 and 1994. He later founded Fog Creek Software in 2000 and launched the Joel on Software blog. In 2008, he launched the Stack Overflow programmer Q&A site in collaboration with Jeff Atwood. Using the Stack Exchange software product which powers Stack Overflow, the Stack Exchange Network now hosts over 170 Q&A sites.
Oruthee
Oruthee (transl. One Woman, also a play on the translation of 'One fire') is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film directed by V. K. Prakash. Produced by K. V. Abdul Nazar under the banner of Benzy Productions, the screenplay of the film was written by S. Suresh Babu. Marking her return to Malayalam cinema after 10 years, it stars Navya Nair, Vinayakan, and Saiju Kurup. The cinematography of the film was done by Jimshi Khalid and was edited by Lijo Paul. Gopi Sundar and the band Thakara composed the soundtrack, with lyrics written by B. K. Harinarayanan, Alankode Leelakrishnan, and Abru Manoj. The movie is about a mother in city and the hardships she has to face while paying the hospital for her daughter's accident. The film was based on a true story.

V. K. Prakash
V. K. Prakash (born 12 October 1960) is an Indian film director and actor. He makes films, music videos, and commercials, and works predominantly in Malayalam, but has also directed Telugu, Marathi, Kannada and Hindi films. Prakash's debut feature directorial was Punaradhivasam (2000) which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Kerala State Film Award for Best Debut Director. His film Nirnayakam (2015) won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues.
Mary Goudie, Baroness Goudie
Mary Teresa Goudie, Baroness Goudie (née Brick; born 2 September 1946) is a British politician and life peer, currently sitting for the Labour Party. In 1998, she was made a life peer as Baroness Goudie, of Roundwood in the London Borough of Brent. She is on the board of Vital Voices and is involved in promoting gender equity with both the G8 and G20.

London Borough of Brent
Brent (/brɛnt/ ⓘ) is a borough in west and north-west London, England; it forms part of Outer London. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Swaminarayan Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council.

Brent's population was estimated to be 339,800 as at 2021. Major districts are Kenton, Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley and Harlesden, with sub-districts Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Queen's Park. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct suburban character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century Metroland developments.
Cissell
Cissell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Cissell (1904–1949), American baseball player

Chris Cissell (born 1972), American soccer coach

Howard Cissell (born 1936), American player of Canadian football

Bill Cissell
Chalmer William Cissell (January 3, 1904 – March 15, 1949) born in Perryville, Missouri, was an American professional baseball infielder in Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox (1928–32), Cleveland Indians (1932–33), Boston Red Sox (1934), Philadelphia Athletics (1937) and New York Giants (1938).

He finished 15th in voting for the 1928 American League MVP for playing in 125 Games and having 443 At Bats, 66 Runs, 115 Hits, 22 Doubles, 3 Triples, 60 RBI, 18 Stolen Bases, and a .260 Batting Average. Cissell finished 11th in voting for the 1932 AL MVP for playing in 143 Games and having 584 At Bats, 85 Runs, 184 Hits, 36 Doubles, 7 Triples, 7 Home Runs, 98 RBI, 18 Stolen Bases, and a .315 Batting Average. In 9 seasons he played in 956 Games and had 3,707 At Bats, 516 Runs, 990 Hits, 173 Doubles, 43 Triples, 29 Home Runs, 423 RBI, 113 Stolen Bases, 212 Walks, and a .267 Batting Average.

Cissell died in Chicago at the age of 45.
Cold Iron (video game)
Cold Iron is a 2018 virtual reality first-person shooter video game developed and published by Catch & Release, LLC for HTC Vive, PlayStation VR, and Oculus Rift. The game is presented in a first-person perspective, with a primary focus on fast draw and puzzle solving gameplay. Cold Iron was released on January 30, 2018.

Fast draw
Fast draw, or quick draw, is the ability to quickly draw a handgun and accurately fire it upon a target in the process. This skill was made popular by romanticized depictions of gunslingers in the Western genre, which in turn were inspired by famous historical gunfights in the American Old West.

In modern times, fast draw can be seen both in sports and in military practices. The World Fast Draw Association (WFDA) is the international sanctioning body of the sport of fast draw. Unlike cowboy action shooting, fast draw is shot with special blanks or wax bullets. While some competitions are strictly against the clock, with the fastest time winning, many are set up as head-to-head single- or double-elimination matches.
Listed buildings in Bradford
The listed buildings in Bradford are arranged by civil parishes and wards as follows:

Listed buildings in Bradford (Bolton and Undercliffe Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Bowling and Barkerend Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Bradford Moor Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (City Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Eccleshill Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Great Horton Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Heaton Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Little Horton Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Manningham Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Royds Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Toller Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Tong Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Trident Parish)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Wibsey Ward)

Listed buildings in Bradford (Great Horton Ward)
Great Horton is a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It contains 74 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The ward is to the southeast of the centre of the city of Bradford and is mainly residential.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings include public houses, churches and chapels, former mills, a former school, a library, and a pair of telephone kiosks.
Robert Edwy Ryerson
Robert Edwy Ryerson (12 August 1865 – 12 October 1958) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Brant County, Canada West and became a grocer and merchant.

Ryerson attended public school at Brantford. He became an associate manager of grocery firm Ryerson Brothers and served three terms as a Brantford alderman.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Brantford City riding in the 1925 general election and re-elected there in 1926 and 1930. Ryerson was defeated in the 1935 federal election by William Ross Macdonald of the Liberal party.

Brantford City
Brantford City was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1949. This riding was created in 1924 from parts of Brantford riding.

It consisted initially of the City of Brantford (according to its 1914 boundaries) and the township of Oakland and the part of the township of Brantford lying south and west of the Grand River, in the county of Brant.

The electoral district was abolished in 1947 when it was merged into Brantford riding.
Vili Saarijärvi
Vili Saarijärvi (born 15 May 1997) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman for Genève-Servette HC of the National League (NL). He was drafted 73rd overall by the Detroit Red Wings in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.

Genève-Servette Hockey Club
Genève-Servette Hockey Club, also known as Genève-Servette HC, (also called Servette or GSHC) is a professional ice hockey club based in Geneva, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team plays its home games at the Patinoire des Vernets, which has a seating capacity of 7,135.

The team is currently the oldest team in the NL, being founded in 1905.
2021 Split Open – Singles
Francisco Cerúndolo was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.

Blaž Rola won the title after defeating Blaž Kavčič 2–6, 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Held in Split, Croatia (hence the name of the tournament) the tournament took place from April 5th to April 11th.

Blaž Kavčič
Blaž Kavčič (born 5 March 1987) is a Slovenian tennis coach and former professional player. 
He was the highest ranked Slovenian male player ever, achieving a career-high of World No. 68 in August 2012, until Aljaž Bedene began to play for Slovenia again in January 2018, overtaking him with a career high ranking of 49. He became the first Slovenian ATP singles player to: achieve a Top 100 ranking, win a Grand Slam main draw match and perform at the Summer Olympics. He became the second Slovene ATP player earning over 2 million US dollars in prize money and is the second highest ever paid male Slovene player in history after Aljaž Bedene.
2011 Camparini Gioielli Cup – Trofeo Pompea
The 2011 Camparini Gioielli Cup – Trofeo pompea was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Reggio Emilia, Italy between 9 and 15 May 2011.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Nude Against the Light
Nude Against the Light or Backlit Nude (French: Nu à contre-jour) is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French Post-Impressionist painter Pierre Bonnard, from 1908. It is now in the collection of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, in Brussels.

The work depicts the artist's partner and frequent model Marthe de Mėrigny applying eau de Cologne, after a bath in a tub. She is nude and standing silhouetted against the windows, which fills the room with bright, warm, shadowless light and color. The bather, Marthe de Mėrigny, is reflected in a mirror, a characteristic feature of Bonnard's paintings.

Eau de Cologne
Eau de Cologne (French: [o d(ə) kɔlɔɲ]; German: Kölnisch Wasser [kœlnɪʃ vɐsɐ]; meaning "Water from Cologne") or simply cologne is a perfume originating in Cologne, Germany. Originally mixed by Johann Maria Farina (Giovanni Maria Farina) in 1709, it has since come to be a generic term for scented formulations in typical concentration of 2–5% and also more depending upon its type of essential oils or a blend of extracts, alcohol, and water. In a base of dilute ethanol (70–90%), eau de cologne contains a mixture of citrus oils, including oils of lemon, orange, tangerine, clementine, bergamot, lime, grapefruit, blood orange, bitter orange, and neroli. It can also contain oils of lavender, rosemary, thyme, oregano, petitgrain (orange leaf), jasmine, olive, oleaster, and tobacco.

In contemporary American English usage, the term "cologne" has become a generic term for perfumes marketed toward men. It also may signify a less concentrated, more affordable version of a popular perfume.
2008 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
Melinda Czink and Lindsay Lee-Waters were the defending champions but Czink did not compete this year, as she chose to compete at Los Angeles during the same week, reaching the third round in singles.

Lee-Waters teamed up with Melanie Oudin and lost in the final to Chan Chin-wei and Kimberly Couts. The score was 2–6, 6–3, [10–8].

Melanie Oudin
Melanie Jennings Oudin (born September 23, 1991) is an American former professional tennis player. The former world junior No. 2 was a member of the American Fed Cup team from 2009 to 2011 and the winner of the 2011 US Open mixed-doubles title, with fellow American player Jack Sock.

As a 17-year-old in the middle of 2009, Oudin reached the round of 16 of the Wimbledon Championships, followed by a quarterfinal at the US Open six weeks later. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 31 in April 2010.

Oudin retired from professional tour on August 18, 2017, citing numerous health issues and injuries.
Honda–Tate theorem
In mathematics, the Honda–Tate theorem classifies abelian varieties over finite fields up to isogeny. It states that the isogeny classes of simple abelian varieties over a finite field of order q correspond to algebraic integers all of whose conjugates (given by eigenvalues of the Frobenius endomorphism on the first cohomology group or Tate module) have absolute value √q.

Tate (1966) showed that the map taking an isogeny class to the eigenvalues of the Frobenius is injective, and Taira Honda (1968) showed that this map is surjective, and therefore a bijection.

Frobenius endomorphism
In commutative algebra and field theory, the Frobenius endomorphism (after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius) is a special endomorphism of commutative rings with prime characteristic p, an important class that includes finite fields. The endomorphism maps every element to its p-th power. In certain contexts it is an automorphism, but this is not true in general.