hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laytongku
Laytongku or Lay Tong Ku (Thai: เลตองคุ, RTGS: Letongkhu)  in S'gaw Karen: Letawkho, is a Karen village on the south-western tip of Tambon Mae Chan Subdistrict of Umphang District in Thailand's Tak Province and the extreme north-western tip of Kanchanaburi Province. It is located in a valley of the Dawna Range, within the area of Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary and Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary. It is inhabited by an (orthodox) animist Talaku, 'S'gaw Karen', or (Telekhon) Karen Hill Tribe and is the location of the centuries long site of the principal animist shrine (sanctuary) for the Talaku (Telekhon) Karen faith.

Laytongku appeared in the news in 2017 because of an unauthorized removal of an ancient pair of elephant tusks held sacred by the villagers.

The village is located on the Thai-Myanmar border along the border of the Karen State of Burma.

Umphang district
Umphang (Thai: อุ้มผาง, pronounced [ʔûm.pʰǎːŋ]) is the southernmost district (amphoe) of Tak province, Thailand, established by the Royal Decree Establishing Amphoe Umphang, BE 2502 (1959), which came into force on 6 May 1959.

The district is on the Thai-Burmese border. It is also the name of the town center of the district. Neighboring districts are (north from clockwise): Phop Phra district; Khlong Lan district, and Pang Sila Thong district of Kamphaeng Phet province; Mae Wong district and Mae Poen district of Nakhon Sawan province; Ban Rai district of Uthai Thani province; and Thong Pha Phum district and Sangkhla Buri district of Kanchanaburi province. The western edge of the district has a long boundary with Burma. Surrounded by national parks and wildlife reserves, it is one of the least accessible districts in Thailand. Nevertheless, it has one major tourist attraction, Thi Lo Su Waterfall (น้ำตกทีลอซู), the largest waterfall in Thailand.
History of mining in Sardinia
Mining and the processing of minerals date back to ancient times in Sardinia.

Ancient traders and conquerors, attracted by the astonishing underground riches, were drawn to the island's coast. Evidence of ancient metal processing is given in the many placenames connected with mining: examples include Argentiera, Montiferru, Funtana Raminosa, and Capo Ferrato. The term Gennargentu (silver carrier) comes from Eugenio Marchese, then manager of the mining district of Sardinia, bringing it back to the records of an ancient processing of the precious metal around the village of Talana.

Gennargentu
Gennargentu (Italian: [dʒennarˈdʒɛntu]; Sardinian: Ghennarghentu [ɡɛnːaɾˈɡentu]) is a large massif in central-southern Sardinia, Italy, encompassing the provinces of Nuoro and Ogliastra. It includes the highest peaks on the island, such as Punta La Marmora (1,834 m or 6,017 ft), Monte Spada (1,595 m or 5,233 ft), Punta Erbas Virdes (1,676 m or 5,499 ft), Bruncu Spina (1,829 m or 6,001 ft) and Punta Paulinu (1,792 m or 5,879 ft).

The range forms part of the Gennargentu National Park. Geologically, its rocks are amongst the oldest in Europe, and are therefore smooth shaped: rock types include schist, limestone and granite.
Gilles Chapadeau
Gilles Chapadeau is a Canadian politician, who was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec for Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue from 2012 to 2014.

He was elected in the 2012 Quebec general election, but was defeated in 2014 and 2018.

Chapadeau was elected mayor of Rouyn-Noranda in the 2025 municipal elections, without any opposition.

2018 Quebec general election
The 2018 Quebec general election was held on October 1, 2018, to elect members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  The election saw a landslide victory for the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) led by François Legault, which won 74 of 125 seats, giving the party a majority and unseating the Quebec Liberal Party. The Liberals became the official opposition with 31 seats.

This election was the first won by the CAQ, which had previously been the third party in the legislature. It was also the first since 1966 that had been won by a party other than the Liberals or Parti Québécois.
James Cartmell (academic)
The Rev James Cartmell, D.D. (13 November 1810– 23 January 1887) was Master of Christ's College, Cambridge from 1849 to 1881.

He went to Carlisle Grammar School, after which he spent the rest of his life at Christ's. He was successively undergraduate, fellow and  tutor before his long mastership. While at Cambridge he was Worshipful Master of Isaac Newton University Lodge.

Tutoring
Tutoring is private academic help, usually provided by an expert teacher; someone with deep knowledge or defined expertise in a particular subject or set of subjects.

A tutor, formally also called an academic tutor, is a person who provides assistance or tutelage to one or more people on certain subject areas or skills. The tutor spends a few hours on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis to transfer their expertise on the topic or skill to the student (also called a tutee). Tutoring can take place in different settings.
Jesse James Dupree
Jesse James Dupree (born Jesse Dupree; September 22, 1962) is an American musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, chainsaw player, and primary songwriter in the rock band Jackyl, founded in 1991. As a solo performer, he released albums in 2000 and 2008 under the names of Jesse James Dupree and Jesse James Dupree & Dixie Inc., respectively.

V2 Records
V2 Records (or V2 Music and V2 Benelux; V2 being an abbreviation for Virgin 2) is a record label that was purchased by Universal Music Group in 2007, sold to PIAS in 2013 and partially acquired by Universal in 2022 (as part of larger PIAS 49% equity acquisition). In 2024, Universal acquired the remaining 51% of PIAS that it did not already own. In Benelux, V2 would operate separately from PIAS from 2013 to 2022, since the label was bought from Universal in 2007, henceforth Universal Music Group fully owns V2.
Justicia camerunensis
Justicia camerunensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is found in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its natural habitat is the understorey of closed-canopy mid-elevation tropical lowland and montane rain forests from 600 to 1,400 meters elevation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Cameroonian Highlands forests
The Cameroonian Highlands forests, also known as the Cameroon Highlands forests, is a montane tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion located on the range of mountains that runs inland from the Gulf of Guinea and forms the border between Cameroon and Nigeria. This is an area of forest and grassland which has become more populous as land is cleared for agriculture.
1958 Colombian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 4 May 1958. They were the first presidential elections since 1949, following a military coup against President Laureano Gómez in 1953. Following the coup, the two main parties (the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party) came to an agreement on holding office for alternating periods of four years. The agreement, known as the National Front, was approved in a 1957 referendum.

The election resulted in a victory for Alberto Lleras Camargo of the Liberal Party (and also supported by the Colombian Communist Party), who received 80% of the vote. Although the Conservatives had agreed to let the Liberal Party hold power during the 1958–1962 period, dissidents in the Conservative Party put forward Jorge Leyva as a candidate.

National Front (Colombia)
National Front (Spanish: Frente Nacional; 1956–1974) was a period in the history of Colombia in which the two main political parties, the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, agreed to rotate power, intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. The National Front Presidents were Alberto Lleras Camargo (Liberal), Guillermo León Valencia (Conservative), Carlos Lleras Restrepo (Liberal), and Misael Pastrana Borrero (Conservative).
Convex conjugate
In mathematics and mathematical optimization, the convex conjugate of a function is a generalization of the Legendre transformation which applies to non-convex functions. It is also known as Legendre–Fenchel transformation, Fenchel transformation, or Fenchel conjugate (after Adrien-Marie Legendre and Werner Fenchel).  The convex conjugate is widely used for constructing the dual problem in optimization theory, thus generalizing Lagrangian duality.

Werner Fenchel
Moritz Werner Fenchel (German: [ˈfɛnçəl]; 3 May 1905 – 24 January 1988) was a German-Danish mathematician known for his contributions to geometry and to optimization theory.  Fenchel established the basic results of convex analysis and nonlinear optimization theory which would, in time, serve as the foundation for nonlinear programming.  A German-born Jew and early refugee from Nazi suppression of intellectuals, Fenchel lived most of his life in Denmark.  Fenchel's monographs and lecture notes are considered influential.
John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos
John of Castile, called the "el de Tarifa" (Spanish: Juan de Castilla "el de Tarifa"; 1262–25 June 1319) was an infante of Castile and León. He was engaged in a decades-long fight for control over the Lordship of Biscay with Diego López V de Haro, the uncle of his wife.

Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (/kæˈstiːl/; Spanish: Reino de Castilla: Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (Spanish: Condado de Castilla, Latin: Comitatus Castellae), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Castilian counts increased their autonomy, but it was not until 1065 that it was separated from the Kingdom of León and became a kingdom in its own right. Between 1072 and 1157, it was again united with León, and after 1230, the union became permanent.

Throughout that period, the Castilian kings made extensive conquests in southern Iberia at the expense of the Islamic principalities. The Kingdoms of Castile and of León, with their southern acquisitions, came to be known collectively as the Crown of Castile, a term that also came to encompass overseas expansion.
2-Methoxyethoxymethyl chloride
2-Methoxyethoxymethyl chloride is an organic compound with formula CH3OCH2CH2OCH2Cl.  A colorless liquid, it is classified as a chloroalkyl ether.  It is used as an alkylating agent. In organic synthesis, it is used for introducing the methoxyethoxy ether (MEM) protecting group.  MEM protecting groups are generally preferred to methoxymethyl (MOM) protecting groups, both in terms of formation and removal.

Typically, the alcohol to be protected is deprotonated with a non-nucleophilic base such as N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, Hunig's base) in dichloromethane followed by addition of 2-methoxyethoxymethyl chloride.

The MEM protecting group can be cleaved (deprotection) with a range of Lewis and Bronsted acids.

N,N-Diisopropylethylamine
N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, or Hünig's base, is an organic compound that is a tertiary amine. It is named after the German chemist Siegfried Hünig. It is used in organic chemistry as a non-nucleophilic base. It is commonly abbreviated as DIPEA, DIEA, or i-Pr2NEt.
Politics of the Western Cape
The politics of the Western Cape differs from that of most other provinces in South Africa, because, unlike the other provinces, the African National Congress (ANC) does not dominate the political landscape. Instead, the province is a stronghold for the Democratic Alliance (DA), which has won a majority of the vote in the province in every national, provincial, and municipal election since 2009. The Western Cape's political landscape is also notable for the presence of a relatively strong local devolution and separatist movement.

2009 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 22 April 2009 to elect members of the National Assembly and provincial legislatures. These were the fourth general elections held since the end of the apartheid era.

The North Gauteng High Court ruled on 9 February 2009 that South African citizens living abroad should be allowed to vote in elections. The judgment was confirmed by the Constitutional Court on 12 March 2009, when it decided that overseas voters who were already registered would be allowed to vote. Registered voters who found themselves outside their registered voting districts on election day were also permitted to vote for the national ballot at any voting station in South Africa.

The result was a victory for the ruling African National Congress (ANC), which won 264 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly, a fifteen seat reduction compared to the 2004 elections and losing its two-thirds supermajority. ANC leader Jacob Zuma became president.
Podgorica Royal Palace
Podgorica Royal Palace is a (former) royal winter residence in Podgorica, Montenegro. The palace was constructed by King Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš in 1889.

The palace is today the seat of the Petrovich Njegosh Foundation which is presided over by Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro.

Nicholas I of Montenegro
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола I Петровић-Његош; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1841 – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. His grandsons were kings Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Umberto II of Italy, among others.
2021–22 European windstorm season
The 2021–22 European windstorm season was the seventh instance of seasonal European windstorm naming in Europe. This was the third season in which the Netherlands participated, alongside the meteorological agencies of Ireland and the United Kingdom (Western group). It comprised a year from 1 September to 31 August, except in the Eastern Mediterranean Group which is shifted a month later. The Portuguese, Spanish, French and Belgian meteorological agencies collaborated again, for the fifth time, joined by the Luxembourg meteorological agency (South-western group). This was the first season when Greece, Israel and Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean group), and Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta (Central Mediterranean group) named storms which affected their areas.

Météo-France
Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, studying, and forecasting weather and monitoring snowpack. The organization also issues weather warnings for the Metropole and the overseas territories. Météo-France is also in charge of recording and predicting the climate.
George Runner
George C. Runner Jr. (born March 25, 1952) is an American politician from California who served on the California State Board of Equalization, the only publicly elected tax commission in the United States. A Republican, he represented the Board's 2nd District from 2011 to 2015 and the renumbered 1st District from 2015 to 2019.

From 2004 to 2010, he was a California State Senator representing the 17th Senate District, and was the Republican Caucus Chair (the Senate's second-highest Republican leadership post) from 2004 to 2009.  From 1996 to 2002, he was a California State Assemblyman representing the 36th Assembly District, which at the time consisted of portions of Los Angeles County.

Caucus
A caucus is a group or meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures.

The term originated in the United States, where it can refer to a meeting of members of a political party to nominate candidates, plan policy, etc., in the United States Congress, or other similar representative organs of government. It has spread to certain Commonwealth countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, where it generally refers to a regular meeting of all members of Parliament (MPs) who belong to a parliamentary party: a party caucus may have the ability to elect or dismiss the party's parliamentary leader. The term was used historically in the United Kingdom to refer to the Liberal Party's internal system of management and control.
Bouras
Bouras or Booras is a surname of Greek origin (Greek: Μπούρας). Notable people with the surname include:

Athanasios Bouras, Greek politician

Charalambos Bouras (1933–2016), Greek architect and historian

Djamel Bouras (born 1971), French judoka

Hamza Bouras (born 1987), Algerian sailor

Gillian Bouras (born 1945), Australian writer

Nick Bouras, Greek psychiatrist

Zahra Bouras (born 1987), Algerian middle-distance runner

Hamza Bouras
Hamza Bouras (Arabic: حمزة بوراس, born 16 December 1987 in Rouïba) is an Algerian sailor. He placed 36th in the men's RS:X event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's RS:X event where he placed 25th.
1892 Sack of Salaga
The 1892 Sack of Salaga was a Gonja civil war for the control of the town of Salaga that occurred on December 5, 1892. A rebellion led by Kabachewura Isifa and assisted by his Dagomba and Nanumba allies overthrew Kpembewura Napo who died in exile in the same year.

Yaa Naa Andani, the King of Dagbon at that time was against the disruption in the region, and sent a strongly worded letter to the incumbent Kpembewura Isanwurfo in 1894 to quell the internecine struggles to avoid further hurting trade in the slave market. The war led to a mass exodus of mostly Zongo people out of the region, significantly depleting its population and giving birth to a wave of Islamic proselytizing in the forest areas of modern Ghana.

Zongo settlements
Zongo settlements are areas in West African towns populated mostly by migrants from the northern savannah regions and the West African Sahel, especially from Niger and northern Nigeria.

Common features of the zongo communities are their use of Hausa language as lingua franca and their shared religion: Islam. The designation of these wards of migrants as zongos derives from the Hausa word zango which literally means "a camping place for trading caravans". As the name reveals, zongos were originally founded as places of trade in the long-distance trading networks that connected the West African subregion.
Mediabistro (website)
Mediabistro is a job board and career platform specializing in the media, creative, and content marketing industries. The platform is used by employers to post job openings and by professionals to search for roles in fields including journalism, copywriting, editing, video production, social media marketing, graphic design, advertising, publishing, public relations, and digital media. Founded in 1999 by Laurel Touby, Mediabistro is one of the longest-running career platforms in the media sector.

Beyond job postings, Mediabistro offers career services for media professionals, including résumé writing services, portfolio hosting, freelance profiles for project-based work, and media career-related courses, as well as editorial content and a weekly industry newsletter. Mediabistro is owned and operated by CognoGroup, Inc. (OTC: CGNO), a publicly traded company focused on technology platforms for professional development.

Employment website
An employment website is a website that deals specifically with employment or careers. Many employment websites are designed to allow employers to post job requirements for a position to be filled and are commonly known as job boards. Other employment sites offer employer reviews, career and job-search advice, and describe different job descriptions or employers. Through a job website, a prospective employee can locate and fill out a job application or submit resumes over the Internet for the advertised position.
Angus William McDonald
Angus William McDonald (February 14, 1799 – December 1, 1864) was a 19th-century American military officer and lawyer in the U.S. state of Virginia. He also served as a colonel in command of the Confederate States Army's 7th Virginia Cavalry during the American Civil War. McDonald was appointed to serve in a number of prominent political positions including a superintendent overseeing the construction of the Northwestern Turnpike and a commissioner representing Virginia in its boundary dispute with Maryland. McDonald was the grandson of Virginia military officer and frontiersman, Angus McDonald (1727–1778) and the father of United States Fish Commissioner Marshall McDonald (1835–1895).

United States Fish Commission
The United States Fish Commission, formally known as the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, was an agency of the United States government created in 1871 to investigate, promote, and preserve the fisheries of the United States. In 1903, it was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries, sometimes referred to as the United States Fisheries Service, which operated until 1940. In 1940, the Bureau of Fisheries was abolished when its personnel and facilities became part of the newly created Fish and Wildlife Service, under the United States Department of the Interior.
Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People
Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People was a televised compilation of ten public figures who are prominent names in the fields of entertainment, sports, politics, and popular culture. Hosted by Barbara Walters, the list was broadcast annually on the second Thursday of December on ABC from 1993 to 2015. Though produced by ABC News, the specials are not presented under the 20/20 banner, the network's flagship newsmagazine.

Oksana Baiul
Oksana Serhiyivna Baiul-Farina (née Baiul; born November 16, 1977) is a Ukrainian retired competitive figure skater. She was the 1993 world champion and the 1994 Olympic champion in ladies' singles.

Baiul is the first Olympic Champion from Ukraine to compete under the Ukrainian flag. Baiul is the second skater representing Ukraine to win gold at the Winter Olympics after Viktor Petrenko in 1992. She is also the first Olympic champion of independent Ukraine in any sport.

After winning the gold medal in 1994, Baiul decided to move to the United States and participate in professional ice skating tours and shows. She followed one of her coaches to Connecticut. Later, she also became involved in a variety of TV appearances, and benefit skates. She has lived in the United States since 1994. In 1997, she published two books, a memoir about her life and one on skating.
7 Wise Dwarfs
7 Wise Dwarfs (also known as Seven Wise Dwarfs and Walt Disney's 7 Wise Dwarfs) is a 1941 four-minute educational short animated film made by the Walt Disney Studios for Walt Disney Productions, for the National Film Board of Canada. The film was released theatrically on December 12, 1941, as part of a series of four films directed at the Canadian public to learn about war bonds during the Second World War. 7 Wise Dwarfs was directed by Richard Lyford and featured the voice talent of Pinto Colvig as "Doc".

7 Wise Dwarfs features the Seven Dwarfs from Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, four years after the characters made their screen debut. Quite a bit of the short consists of reused work from the 1937 Snow White film. The film short, for example, typically shows Dopey doing things in a clumsy, belated and confused fashion for slapstick effect (as in the original film).

Richard Lyford
Richard Hoover Lyford (born 7 October 1917; died November 4, 1985, North Hollywood, Los Angeles) was an American filmmaker.

He directed avant-garde films in Seattle, Washington in his early career, including As the Earth Turns. During the 1940s, he worked for Walt Disney.

In 1950, he co-directed and edited The Titan: Story of Michelangelo, which won an Academy Award for documentary feature in 1950 and was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2005. In 1951, he moved to Saudi Arabia to produce Island of Allah, a documentary on the history of the Arab people.

In 1969, Richard Lyford returned to the Persian Gulf to produce Hamad and the Pirates, a 93-minute movie about a young Arab pearl diver.