hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Szamotuły railway station
Szamotuły railway station is a railway station serving the town of Szamotuły, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1848 and is located on the Poznań–Szczecin railway and Szamotuły–Międzychód railway. The train services are operated by PKP and Przewozy Regionalne.

Polregio
Polregio (formerly Przewozy Regionalne) is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers.

The company was founded in 2001 from the splitup of the PKP Passenger Transport Sector of the once-unitary Polskie Koleje Państwowe national rail operator into several companies to meet European Union requirements.
Equivalence problem
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, the equivalence problem is the question of determining, given two representations of formal languages, whether they denote the same formal language.

The complexity and decidability of this decision problem depend upon the type of representation under consideration.

For instance, in the case of finite-state automata, equivalence is decidable, and the problem is PSPACE-complete.
Further, in the case of deterministic pushdown automata, equivalence is decidable, Géraud Sénizergues won the Gödel Prize for this result. Subsequently, the problem was shown to lie in TOWER, the least non-elementary complexity class.

It becomes an undecidable problem for pushdown automata or any machine that can decide context-free languages or more powerful languages.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Harbin International Convention Exhibition and Sports Center
45°45′08″N 126°42′04″E﻿ / ﻿45.752092°N 126.701095°E﻿ / 45.752092; 126.701095

The Harbin International Conference Exhibition and Sports Center (simplified Chinese: 哈尔滨国际会展体育中心; traditional Chinese: 哈爾濱國際會展體育中心; pinyin: Hāěrbīn Guójì Huì Zhǎn Tǐyù Zhōngxīn) is a convention center in Harbin, China with a 48,000-seat multi-purpose stadium known for short as the Harbin ICE Center Stadium. It hosts various conventions and also hosted the 2007 Cup of China figure skating competition. The complex was the main venue of the 2009 Winter Universiade and hosted the 2025 Asian Winter Games. The facility has a floor space of 63,000 square meters (about 700,000 square feet and is home to a 10,603-seated indoor arena.

2025 Asian Winter Games
The 2025 Asian Winter Games (Chinese: 第九届亚洲冬季运动会; pinyin: Dì jiǔ jiè yàzhōu dōngjì yùndònghuì), officially known as the 9th Asian Winter Games, and commonly known as Harbin 2025 (哈尔滨2025), were the ninth edition of the Asian Winter Games, a multi-sport event held between 7 and 14 February 2025 in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. This was the second time that Harbin has hosted the event and the third time China had hosted the Asian Winter Games.
Cliff's Variety Store
Cliff's Variety Store and Hardware is a hardware, home goods, variety, and fabric store located in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco, California, since 1936. It has been in business for over 75 years and predates the neighborhood, becoming the first widely recognized gay mecca starting in the 1960s. It is one of the oldest family-run stores in the city.

It was previously referred to as "Cliff's Hardware Store".

Castro District, San Francisco
The Castro District, commonly referred to as the Castro, is a neighborhood in Eureka Valley in San Francisco. The Castro was one of the first gay neighborhoods in the United States. Having transformed from a working-class neighborhood through the 1960s and 1970s into one that came to represent some of the highest geographical and communal concentrations of same-sex coupling, the Castro remains one of the most prominent symbols of lesbian, gay and bisexual activism and events in the world.
Polish League Cup (1977–1978)
The League Cup (Polish: Puchar Ligi) was a short lived cup competition in Poland spanning two editions in 1977 and 1978.

The League Cup was introduced as a cup competition due to the rising popularity of football in Poland as a result of the success of the national team and of Polish clubs in European competitions. The idea of the cup competition was created by journalists from the Polish sports magazine, "Sport", and persuaded the Polish Football Association to introduce it into the calendar so that it would be an official club competition. The format of the competition was to include all 16 teams in the I liga with 4 groups of 4. The winners of each group would then play in a knockout phase to decide the winner.

KS ROW 1964 Rybnik
KS ROW 1964 Rybnik is a Polish association football club based in Rybnik. The club was formed in 2003 on the basis of RKS Energetyk Rybnik (founded in 1981) and traces its roots back to ROW Rybnik's football section, founded in 1964 and dissolved in the early 1990s. Although continuing the traditions of the original club, it is considered a new entity. The club was called Energetyk ROW Rybnik between 2003 and 2015.

While KS ROW spent 7 seasons in the Ekstraklasa (1968–69, 1970–71, 1972–77), were runners-up of the 1974–75 Polish Cup and played in the Intertoto Cup (1971, 1973, 1975, 1976), Energetyk ROW's biggest success to date has been the promotion to the 2013–14 I liga, the second tier in Polish league pyramid.
AbiWord
AbiWord (/ˈæbiwɜːrd/) is a free and open-source word processor. It is written in C++ and since version 3 it is based on GTK+ 3. The name "AbiWord" is derived from the root of the Spanish word "abierto", meaning "open".

AbiWord was originally started by SourceGear Corporation as the first part of a proposed AbiSuite but was adopted by open source developers after SourceGear changed its business focus and ceased development. It now runs on Linux, ReactOS, Solaris, AmigaOS 4.0 (through its Cygwin X11 engine), MeeGo (on the Nokia N9 smartphone), Maemo (on the Nokia N810), QNX and other operating systems. Development of a version for Microsoft Windows ended due to lack of maintainers (the latest released versions are 2.8.6 and 2.9.4 beta).

The macOS port has remained on version 2.4 since 2005, although the current version does run non-natively on macOS through XQuartz.

AbiWord is part of the AbiSource project which develops a number of office-related technologies.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Fateh Jang Gumbad Alwar
Fateh Jang Gumbad Alwar, also known as Fateh Jang ka Gumabd or The tomb of Fateh Jang, is a popular tourist attraction in Alwar city in Rajasthan state of India. The monument is dedicated to Fateh Jang, who was a minister to Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and was a governor of Alwar, who died in 1647.

This historical tomb, near Alwar railway station and the tourist office, suffers from a lack of maintenance. The upper part of the Fateh Jung dome is weak and could collapse at any time. At a result, the movement of tourists has been banned. It's incorrect to attach this tomb to Pathan family it is built by Khanzada Rajput tribe of Mewat, Khanzada Fateh Jang Khan.

Alwar Junction railway station
Alwar Junction railway station is a major railway station in Alwar district, Rajasthan. Its code is AWR. It serves Alwar city. The station has seven platforms, all of which are covered. Passenger amenities include drinking-water facilities, sanitation services, escalators, waiting rooms, a retiring room, and an IRCTC-operated lounge.

Station is a major railway station on Delhi–Jaipur railway lines. Many trains originates from here.It is administered by the Jaipur division of  North Western railway. The railway network connects Alwar with Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Ahmedabad, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Allahabad, and other important tourist cities of India.
Longzhong Plan
The Longzhong Plan is the name given to a strategic plan by Zhuge Liang, a statesman of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. Zhuge Liang presented the plan to Liu Bei, a warlord who became the founding emperor of the Shu Han state, sometime in 207 towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty when Liu Bei visited him at his residence in Longzhong, an area in the west of present-day Xiangyang, Hubei.

The Longzhong Plan formed the basis for the establishment of the Shu Han state. In essence, the plan required Liu Bei to gain control over Jing and Yi provinces, which covered present-day Hubei and Hunan, and Sichuan and Chongqing, respectively, so as to secure a viable base for staging attacks against Liu Bei's rival, Cao Cao, and his territories in central and northern China. The plan also required Liu Bei to form a strategic alliance with another warlord, Sun Quan, who was based in eastern China.

Xiangyang
Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The city itself is an agglomeration of two once separate cities: Fancheng and Xiangyang (or Xiangcheng), and was known as Xiangfan before 2010. What remains of old Xiangyang is located south of the Han River and contains one of the oldest still-intact city walls in China, while Fancheng is located to the north of the Han River. Both cities served prominent historical roles in both ancient and pre-modern Chinese history. Today, the city has been a target of government and private investment as the country seeks to urbanize and develop the interior provinces. Its built-up area made up of 3 urban districts had 2,319,640 inhabitants at the 2020 census while the whole municipality contained approximately 5,260,951 people.
Bill Schuette
William Duncan Schuette (/ˈʃuːti/ SHOO-tee; born October 13, 1953) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 53rd attorney general of Michigan from 2011 to 2019. He was the unsuccessful Republican nominee in Michigan’s 1990 U.S. Senate race and for Governor of Michigan in 2018.

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Punch and the Judy
Punch and the Judy is a comic ballet about marital discord choreographed by Martha Graham to music by Robert McBride. Arch Lauterer designed the set, Charlotte Trowbridge, the costumes. Edward Gordon Craig provided text for the narrated portions. The piece premiered on August 10, 1941, at the Bennington College Theatre in Bennington, Vermont.

Bennington College
Bennington College is a private liberal arts college in Bennington, Vermont, United States. Founded as a women’s college in 1932, it became co-educational in 1969. It is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.
Ministry of Transport and Communications (Ethiopia)
The Ministry of Transport and Communications is an Ethiopian government department responsible for the oversight of transport and communication sectors in Ethiopia. It was formerly known as the Ministry of Transport. Dagmawit Moges served the ministry from 2018 to 2023. The current minister is Alemu Sime since 20 January 2023.

Federal government of Ethiopia
The federal government of Ethiopia (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā mängəst) is structured in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal government. The prime minister is chosen by the lower chamber of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Federal legislative power is vested in both the federal government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat House of Federation and the 547-seat House of Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election, who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
Alexander Shabalov
Alexander Anatolyevich Shabalov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Анато́льевич Шаба́лов; Latvian: Aleksandrs Šabalovs; born September 12, 1967) is an American chess grandmaster and a four-time winner of the United States Chess Championship (1993, 2000, 2003, 2007). He also won or tied for first place seven times in the U.S. Open Chess Championship (1993, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2015, 2016).

U.S. Open Chess Championship
The U.S. Open Championship is an open national chess championship that has been held in the United States annually since 1900.  The top American player usually qualifies for the U.S. Chess Championship.
Pereire brothers
Émile Pereire (3 December 1800, Bordeaux - 5 January 1875, Paris) and his brother Isaac Pereire (25 November 1806, Bordeaux – 12 July 1880, Gretz-Armainvilliers) were major figures in the development of France's finance and infrastructure during the Second French Empire. In the mid-nineteenth century the Pereire brothers challenged the dominance of the Rothschilds in continental European finance, known at the time as haute finance. Their attempt was temporarily successful, and even though it collapsed in the late 1860s, it contributed to a more developed and vibrant economic landscape. Like the Rothschilds, the Pereires were Jews, but unlike them, they were Sephardi of Portuguese origin.

Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré
The Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré (pronounced [ʁy dy fobuʁ sɛ̃t‿ɔnɔʁe]) is a street located in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. Relatively narrow and undistinguished, especially in comparison to the nearby Avenue des Champs-Élysées, it is cited as being one of the most luxurious and fashionable streets in the world due to the presence of major global fashion houses, including the Élysée Palace (official residence of the President of France), the Hôtel de Pontalba (residence of the United States Ambassador to France), the Embassy of Canada, the Embassy of the United Kingdom, as well as numerous art galleries.

The Rue Saint-Honoré, of which the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré is now an extension, began as a road extending west from the northern edge of the Louvre Palace. Saint Honoré, Honorius of Amiens, is the French patron saint of bakers.
Charlotte Casiraghi
Charlotte Marie Pomeline Casiraghi (born 3 August 1986) is a Monégasque model, socialite, equestrian and journalist. She is the second child of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Stefano Casiraghi, an Italian industrialist. She is  twelfth in line to the throne of Monaco. Her maternal grandparents were Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly.

Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʁemi də pʁɔvɑ̃s]; lit. "Saint-Rémy of Provence"; Provençal: Sant Romieg de Provença (classical norm) and Sant Roumié de Prouvènço (Mistralian norm)) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. It is often referred to simply as Saint-Rémy, its official name until 12 April 1953. Located in the northern part of the Alpilles, of which it is the main town, its population is about 9,600.
Iatrosophist
Iatrosophist (Ancient Greek: ἰατροσοφιστής, Latin: iatrosophista) is an ancient title designating a teacher of medicine. It comes from Ancient Greek: ἰᾱτρός 'doctor' and Ancient Greek: σοϕιστής 'learned person'. People who have been referred to by the title include:

Adamantius

Cassius Iatrosophista

Gessius of Petra

Magnus of Nisibis

Oribasius

Palladius (physician)

Paul of Aegina

Severus Iatrosophista

Zeno of Cyprus

Oribasius
Oribasius or Oreibasius (Greek: Ὀρειβάσιος or Ὀριβάσιος; c. 320 – 403) was a Greek medical writer and the personal physician of the Roman emperor Julian.  He studied at Alexandria under physician Zeno of Cyprus before joining Julian's retinue.  He was involved in Julian's coronation in 361, and remained with the emperor until Julian's death in 363.  In the wake of this event, Oribasius was banished to foreign courts for a time, but was later recalled by the emperor Valens.
Kingdon
Kingdon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Abernethy Kingdon (1828–1906), English historian and surgeon

Tully Kingdon (1835–1907), English Anglican bishop

William Kingdon Clifford FRS (1845–1879), English mathematician and philosopher

Edith Kingdon (1864–1921), American actress

Frank Kingdon-Ward (1885–1958), English botanist, explorer, plant collector and author

Frank Kingdon (1894–1972), American activist and educator

Billy Kingdon (1907–1977), English footballer

Edith Kingdon Gould (1920–2004), American socialite, linguist, actress, and poet

Guy Kingdon Natusch (1921–2020), New Zealand architect

Jonathan Kingdon (born 1935), Tanzanian-British zoologist

John W. Kingdon (born 1940), American political scientist

Francesca Kingdon, British actress

Mark D. Kingdon, American chief executive officer

Mark E. Kingdon, American hedge fund manager

Kingdon Gould, multiple people

Billy Kingdon
William  Issacher Garfield Kingdon (25 June 1907 – 18 March 1977) was an English footballer who played, as a wing-half, over 240 games for Aston Villa. Towards the end of his career, he joined Southampton, before becoming a manager in lower-league football.
Midge Bosworth
Midge Bosworth (born 23 June 1941) is a former Australian racing driver.

Bosworth raced in the 1960s and is most remembered for winning the 1965 Bathurst 500, co-driving with Barry Seton in a Fairfield Motors entered Ford Cortina GT500. It was Bosworth's second, and last, start in the Bathurst 500, giving him the distinction along with Harry Firth (1967) and Graeme Bailey (1986), of winning the event in his last drive at Mount Panorama.

Bosworth was only 24 when he won Bathurst in 1965. He held the honour of being the youngest driver to win the race for no less than 31 years, until Craig Lowndes won the 1996 AMP Bathurst 1000 in a Holden Commodore (VR) when he was 22.

1996 AMP Bathurst 1000
The 1996 AMP Bathurst 1000 was an endurance race for Group 3A 5.0 Litre Touring Cars held on 6 October 1996 at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. The race, which was the 37th running of the Bathurst 1000, was won by Craig Lowndes and Greg Murphy driving a Holden VR Commodore.
Delusional Downtown Divas
Delusional Downtown Divas is a scripted comedy webseries by Lena Dunham. The show was originally commissioned by Index Magazine (founded by Isabel Halley's father, the artist Peter Halley) and was first shown at the Art Production Fund lab in January 2009.

The show revolves around three young women who were raised amidst the New York City art world, and try to establish themselves in the art community with mixed success. The series heavily parodies the New York art world. Art industry insiders such as Yvonne Force Villareal, Nate Lowman, Rob Pruitt, and others have cameos.

The show brought much attention to creator Lena Dunham. In 2010, it was announced that Dunham was creating a television show for HBO.  The show, Girls, draws from Dunham's first show, Delusional Downtown Divas.

Ten full episodes and a short title video are available on Vimeo, and an additional nine on YouTube.

Peter Halley
Peter Halley (born 1953) is an American artist and a central figure in the Neo-Conceptualist movement of the 1980s. Known for his Day-Glo geometric paintings, Halley is also a writer, the former publisher of index Magazine, and a teacher; he served as director of graduate studies in painting and printmaking at the Yale University School of Art from 2002 to 2011. Halley lives and works in New York City.
Imma metachlora
Imma metachlora is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1906. It is found in Brazil.

The wingspan is about 27 mm. The forewings are brown irregularly irrorated (sprinkled) with pale grey, and with very dark brown markings. There is an irregular transverse spot on the middle of the costa, the costal edge beyond this ochreous white for a short distance. Two small spots are transversely placed in the disc at three-fifths, between which is an X-shaped pale suffusion. A short contorted linear mark is found beneath the middle of the disc and there is an irregular subterminal fascia from beneath the apex to the tornus and a terminal series of small subconfluent spots. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

Immidae
Immoidea is a superfamily of pantropical moths containing only the family Immidae comprising ten genera with around 250 species, over half of them in the genus Imma. Many are brightly coloured and diurnal. The position of this group is currently uncertain within the group Obtectomera . The larvae feed on the leaves of dicotyledons and conifers including Podocarpus (Dugdale et al. 1999).
Zręcin
Zręcin [ˈzrɛnt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorkówka, within Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

Polish inventor Ignacy Łukasiewicz is buried at the local cemetery.

Krosno County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Krosno County (Polish: powiat krośnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Krosno, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Jedlicze, Rymanów, Dukla, and Iwonicz-Zdrój.

The county covers an area of 923.79 square kilometres (356.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 112,301, out of which the population of Jedlicze is 5,736, that of Rymanów is 3,825, that of Dukla is 2,061, that of Iwonicz-Zdrój is 1,787, and the rural population is 98,892.