hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constantine Paleocappa
Constantine Paleocappa was a 16th-century Byzantine scribe, forger, and counterfeiter.

Paleocappa is believed to be the true author of the work known as the Collection or Bed of Violets (Ἰωνιά), and historically attributed to the 11th-century Byzantine empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa.

Paleocappa is believed to have fabricated this text from material in the Suda, Diogenes Laërtius's Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, the writings of Varinus Phavorinus Camera, Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, and Palaephatus.

Paleocappa also produced a forgery of some liturgical texts attributed to Proclus of Constantinople, as well as a 13th-century polemic against the Jews attributed to "Thaddaios Pelusiotes", which was based on an actual 14th-century polemic by Matthew Blastares.

Palaephatus
Palaephatus (Ancient Greek: Παλαίφατος) was the author of a rationalizing text on Greek mythology, the paradoxographical work On Incredible Things (Περὶ ἀπίστων (ἱστοριῶν); Incredibilia), which survives in a (probably corrupt) Byzantine edition.

This work consists of an introduction and 52 brief sections on various Greek myths. The first 45 have a common format: a brief statement of a wonder tale from Greek mythology, usually followed by a claim of disbelief ("This is absurd" or "This is not likely" or "The true version is..."), and then a sequence of every-day occurrences which gave rise to the wonder-story through misunderstanding. The last seven are equally brief retellings of myth, without any rationalizing explanation.

Palaephatus's date and name are uncertain; many scholars have concluded that the name "Palaephatus" is a pseudonym. What little evidence is extant suggests that the author was likely active during the late fourth century BCE.
Daedong Bay Important Bird Area
The Daedong Bay Important Bird Area (대동강변 조류보호구) lies on the north-eastern coast of the Yellow Sea on the west coast of North Korea near the mouth of the Taedong River.  It comprises 3,500 ha of marine, intertidal and beach wetlands, encompassing a 2,000 ha protected area.  It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports significant populations of various birds, including greater white-fronted geese, Oriental storks, black-faced spoonbills, Chinese egrets, great bustards, hooded cranes, red-crowned cranes, Far Eastern curlews, Nordmann's greenshanks and spoon-billed sandpipers.  Threats to the site include agricultural intensification and aquacultural development.

Taedong River
The Taedong River (Korean: 대동강) is a large river in North Korea.  The river rises in the Rangrim Mountains of the country's north where it then flows southwest into Korea Bay at Nampo. In between, it runs through the country's capital, Pyongyang. Along the river are landmarks such as the Juche Tower and Kim Il Sung Square.

The river is 439 kilometres (273 miles) in length, and is generally deep. It is the fifth-longest river on the Korean peninsula and the second-longest in North Korea. Pyongyang is approximately 110 km upstream from the mouth, Sunchon 192 km upstream, and Taehŭng 414 km upstream. Because of its depth, it is widely used for river transport; it is navigable by large ships up to 65 km inland, although most commercial traffic stops at Songrim.
Clutch Hitter
Clutch Hitter is a baseball video game released by Sega in 1991. It was released in video arcades as well for Sega's portable Game Gear. The Japanese version of the game features players and teams from Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball league. The American version of the game sports a license from the Major League Baseball Players Association and has rosters composed of actual professional baseball players, but only city names for the teams since it was not licensed by Major League Baseball. In the arcade game, the on-field perspective is from behind home plate while the viewpoint in the Game Gear version alternates between this view (when the player is batting) to a view from the pitcher's mound when the player is pitching, just as in Bases Loaded. In the Game Gear game, the number of innings can be chosen and linking to another Game Gear is possible for multiplayer gameplay.

Amusement arcade
An amusement arcade, also known as a video arcade, amusements, arcade, or penny arcade (an older term), is a venue where people play arcade games. These include arcade video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games, merchandisers (such as claw machines), or coin-operated billiards or air hockey tables. In some countries, some types of arcades are also legally permitted to provide gambling machines such as slot machines or pachinko machines. Games are usually housed in cabinets.

Video games were introduced in amusement arcades in the late 1970s and were most popular during the golden age of arcade video games, the early 1980s.
Stored Communications Act
The Stored Communications Act (SCA), codified at 18 U.S.C. Chapter 121 §§ 2701–2713), is a United States law that addresses voluntary and compelled disclosure of "stored wire and electronic communications and transactional records" held by third-party Internet service providers (ISPs). It was enacted as Title II of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA).

The SCA creates Fourth Amendment-like privacy protection for email and other digital communications stored on the Internet. It limits the government's ability to compel an ISP to turn over content information and non-content information (such as logs and "envelope" information from email). It also limits the ability of commercial ISPs to reveal content information to non-government entities.

En banc
In law, an en banc (/ˌɑːn ˈbɑːŋk/; alternatively in banc, in banco or in bank; French: [ɑ̃ bɑ̃]) session is when all the judges of a court sit to hear a case, not just one judge or a smaller panel of judges.
For courts like the United States Courts of Appeals, in which each case is normally heard by a three-judge panel instead of the entire court, an en banc review is usually used for only very complex or important cases or when the court believes there is an especially significant issue at stake. En banc is a French phrase meaning "in bench." Convening an en banc court may enhance a court’s legitimacy by ensuring the quality and consistency of its case law and by signalling broad collective ownership of outcomes by all the court’s judges.
Invasion of Chiquitos
The invasion of Chiquitos was a military expedition carried out by Brazilian forces from the Mato Grosso province of the Empire of Brazil against the Republic of Bolívar. It is said to be a display of force for Simón Bolívar not to support the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present-day Argentina) in the ongoing Cisplatine War, although the province acted independently from the central government in Rio de Janeiro without its knowledge or consent.

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata or United Provinces of the River Plate, along with United Provinces in South America, are names used to refer to the emerging state that succeeded the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata after the May Revolution, from 1810 to 1831, encompassing the Argentine War of Independence, the Cisplatine War and the beginning of the Argentine Civil Wars. The aforementioned state is now the Argentine Republic. The name "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata" is recognised as one of the official names of Argentina according to Article 53 of its constitution.
Route 92 (Iceland)
Route 92 or Norðfjarðarvegur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈnɔrðˌfjarðarˌvɛːɣʏr̥], lit. 'Northfjord Road') is a national road in the Eastern Region of Iceland. It connects the towns of Reyðarfjörður, Eskifjörður, and Neskaupstaður (all of them are in the municipality of Fjarðabyggð) and includes the tunnel Norðfjarðargöng which opened to traffic on 11 November 2017. Until the opening of Norðfjarðargöng, the road used the shorter tunnel Oddsskarðsgöng which was located at a higher elevation at the Oddsskarð pass and was often closed in winter.

Also until 11 November 2017, Route 92 continued from Reyðarfjörður to Egilsstaðir. That part of the road is now numbered as part of the Ring Road (Route 1), together with former Route 96.

Eskifjörður
Eskifjörður (in original spelling; Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛscɪˌfjœrðʏr̥] ⓘ), or Eskifjördur, is a town and port in eastern Iceland with a large fishing industry. With a population of 1,043 it is one of the most populous towns in the municipality of Fjarðabyggð.
Abbasgulu Bakikhanov
Abbasgulu agha Bakikhanov (Azerbaijani: Abbasqulu ağa Bakıxanov) (21 June [O.S. 3 July] 1794, – January 1847), Abbas Qoli Bakikhanov, or Abbas-Qoli ibn Mirza Mohammad (Taghi) Khan Badkubi, also known by his pen name Qodsi (Azerbaijani: Qüdsi), was an Azerbaijani writer, historian, journalist, linguist, poet and philosopher. He was the son of the third khan of Baku, Mirza Muhammad Khan II. He served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army and participated in the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828. He later retired and settled in Quba.

Many Azerbaijani scholars view Bakikhanov as among their first thinkers and historians. He is credited with writing the first scholarly monograph about the history of greater Shirvan, i.e., the area that would later make up most of the Republic of Azerbaijan. His Qanun-e Qodsi was one of the first grammars of the Persian language.

Kars
Kars (Armenian: Կարս or Ղարս; Azerbaijani: Qars; Kurdish: Qers; Georgian: ყარსი, romanized: q'arsi; Russian: Карс) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District. As of 2022, its population was 91,450. Kars, in classical historiography (Strabo), was in the ancient region known as Chorzene (Greek: Χορζηνή), part of the province of Ayrarat in the Kingdom of Armenia, and later the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia from 929 to 961. Currently, the mayor of Kars is Ötüken Senger. The city had an Armenian ethnic majority until it was recaptured by Turkish nationalist forces in late 1920.
We Are Sthlm sexual assaults
Dozens of reported sexual assaults in 2014 and 2015 at We Are Sthlm, a youth festival in the Swedish capital Stockholm, were not publicised by the police. The Stockholm police had received 38 reports of sexual harassment at We Are Sthlm in 2014 and 2015 together, from female visitors at the festival, most of whom were under 15 years of age, but had not publicized these reported harassments in their press releases then. Police spokesperson Varg Gyllander in 2016, during the commotion about the 2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany, suggested that this non-reporting in 2015 and 2014 may partly have been caused by the police's fear to "talk about these things in the context of the immigration debate today".

We Are Sthlm
We Are Sthlm is an annual youth music festival, intended for youths in the ages 13 until 19, in the Swedish capital Stockholm.

It was first established as a summer music festival for youth in 2001 under the name "Ung08" with free yearly public concerts and events in central Stockholm. The venture was successful and received support from Stockholm Municipality in 2003. In 2013, the festival was attended by 160,000 people and changed its name to "We Are Sthlm".

In 2015, there were reports that multiple sexual harassment incidents had been reported at the festival over the course of several years.
Teppo Järvinen
Teppo Järvinen (born 1967 in Helsinki) is a Finnish scenographer. He has designed numerous world premieres of Finnish drama as well as classics, musical theatre and opera. Järvinen has made also around one hundred set designs for television. He is married to theatre director Tiina Puumalainen.

Education:

Master of Arts, Aalto University (UIAH) / Department of Scenography, 1997

Master of Science in Architecture, Aalto University (Helsinki University of Technology), 1999

Coming up next:

Sophocles: Antigone (drama), Tampereen Työväen Teatteri (October 2019)

Juha Jokela
Juha Petteri Jokela (born 7 January 1970 in Tampere) is a Finnish playwright and scriptwriter, best known for his Mobile Horror play and TV series.

Jokela graduated from high school gymnasium in Tampere in 1989  and studied the literature of science and theater studies at the University of Helsinki 1990–1994 and was a student of the Theatre Academy from 1994 onwards.

Jokela is married to actress Mari Lehtonen. He has written plays such as Fundamentalisti (2006), performed at the Jurkka Theatre.
Rorion Gracie
Rorion Gracie (Portuguese: [ˈʁɔɾjõ ˈɡɾejsi]; born January 10, 1952) is a Brazilian-born Gracie jiu-jitsu Grand Master, a prominent member of the Gracie family, writer, publisher, producer, lecturer, lawyer and the co-founder of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is the oldest son of Hélio Gracie and one of the few people in the world to hold a 9th degree red belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, and is widely recognized as one of the men responsible for introducing Gracie/Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu to the United States and the world. He was inducted into the Martial Arts History Museum Hall of Fame in 2009.

Martial Arts History Museum
The Martial Arts History Museum is an American museum that focuses on Asian art, music, culture and history as it connects with the history of martial arts located in Glendale, California, USA. The Martial Arts History Museum is divided into several sections including China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, the Philippines, America (including Hawaii in a separate category), Anime and Media.
Palaemon (crustacean)
Palaemon is a genus of caridean shrimp in the family Palaemonidae.

Some species, including Palaemon macrodactylus and Palaemon orientis, can inhabit fish ponds where they compete with fish for food and can therefore be considered pests.

Caridea
The Caridea, commonly known as caridean shrimp or true shrimp (from Ancient Greek καρίς, καρίδος (karís, karídos, "shrimp"), are an infraorder of shrimp within the order Decapoda. This infraorder contains all species of true shrimp. They are found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Many other animals with similar names – such as the mud shrimp of Axiidea and the boxer shrimp of Stenopodidea – are not true shrimp, but many have evolved features similar to true shrimp.
They Thirst
They Thirst is a horror novel by American writer Robert R. McCammon, first published in 1981 and republished in 1991 in hardback. The book details the relentless possession of Los Angeles by vampires, who quickly transform the city into a necropolis with the intent to conquer the entire world.

Plans to create a TV movie were announced in 1992, but attempts to make the film were unsuccessful.

They Thirst is one of the author's earlier novels and one that he intentionally kept out of print for many years.  He stated that while he did not dislike the book itself he did not feel it was up to the standards of his later works.  After years of unavailability it was released as an e-book in 2013, and it is set to be republished by Subterranean on August 30, 2015.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
Problematic smartphone use
Problematic smartphone use is psychological or behavioral dependence on cell phones. It is closely related to other forms of digital media overuse such as social media addiction or internet addiction disorder.

Commonly known as "smartphone addiction", the term "problematic smartphone use" was proposed by researchers to describe similar behaviors presenting without evidence of addiction.

Problematic use can include preoccupation with mobile communication, excessive money or time spent on mobile phones, and use of mobile phones in socially or physically inappropriate situations, such as driving an automobile. Increased use can also lead to adverse effects on relationships, degraded mental or physical health, and increased anxiety when separated from a mobile phone or sufficient signal. At the same time, smartphones also play a positive role in modern life by enhancing communication, supporting task management, and providing tools such as portable navigation systems.

Social isolation
Social isolation is a state of complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual and society. It differs from loneliness, which reflects temporary and involuntary lack of contact with other humans in the world. Social isolation can be an issue for individuals of any age, though symptoms may differ by age group.

Social isolation has similar characteristics in both temporary instances and for those with a historical lifelong isolation cycle. All types of social isolation can include staying home for lengthy periods of time; having no communication with family, acquaintances or friends; and/or willfully avoiding any contact with other humans when those opportunities do arise.
Mullumbimby Creek, New South Wales
Mullumbimby Creek is a small town located in the Northern Rivers Region of New South Wales and it is located in the Byron Shire local government area and is approximately 25.3 kilometres (15.7 mi) from the regional centre of Byron Bay. The closest town is Mullumbimby which is 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi) away.

The traditional owners of this place are the Bundjalung (Arakwal) people.

It shares its name with Mullumbimby Creek which runs through it.

Byron Shire
Byron Shire is a local government area located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The shire is located adjacent to the Coral Sea about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the Queensland border. The shire, administered from the town of Mullumbimby, covers an area of 566.7 square kilometres (218.8 sq mi), and has existed as a local government entity since 1906. The shire was named for Cape Byron, itself named by Captain James Cook in May 1770 in honour of Vice-Admiral John Byron.

Michael Lyon was first elected mayor to fill a casual vacancy on 13 May 2021 and then popularly elected at the council elections on 4 December 2021.
James McDougall (explorer)
James McDougall was a nineteenth-century fur trader and explorer, who is remembered for his participation in opening up present-day British Columbia, Canada to European settlement as part of a North West Company expedition to the region, led by Simon Fraser.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
High Hill School
High Hill School, also known as High Hill Community Building, is a historic school building located at High Hill, Montgomery County, Missouri.  It was built in 1867, and is two-story, Greek Revival style frame building with a gable roof.  It is topped by a six-sided belfry with ogee-arched louvered openings and hexagonal roof. It housed a school until 1954, after which it became a community center.: 2–3

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Montgomery County, Missouri
Montgomery County is a county in the east central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,322. Its county seat is Montgomery City. The county was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while attempting to capture Quebec City, Canada.

The county comprises a portion of the Missouri Rhineland. It is approximately halfway between Columbia and St. Louis.
Erik Westzynthius the Elder
Erik Westzynthius the Elder (1711 – 1757, in Dublin) was a Finnish painter.

Westzynthius was a religious-themed painter for church commissions, primarily active between 1730 and 1749. He painted some works for the Raahe church in 1746, the Alavieska church, and altarpieces for churches in Paavola, Paltamo, and Pielavesi, which are now in the National Museum of Finland. His son Erik Westzynthius the Younger also became a painter.

National Museum of Finland
The National Museum of Finland (Finnish: Suomen kansallismuseo, Swedish: Finlands Nationalmuseum) is a museum in Helsinki presenting Finnish history from the Stone Age to the present day, through objects and cultural history. The Finnish National Romantic style building is located at Mannerheimintie 34 in central Helsinki and is a part of the Finnish Heritage Agency (until 2018 the National Board of Antiquities) (Finnish: Museovirasto, Swedish: Museiverket), under the Ministry of Culture and Education.

The National Museum is currently closed due to a renovation and expansion project. The museum was estimated to reopen in 2027, but due to the budget cuts by Petteri Orpo's government affecting the Finnish Heritage Agency, the reopening has been postponed indefinitely.
Venus Optics Laowa 105mm f/2 Smooth Trans Focus
The Venus Optics Laowa 105mm F2 Smooth Trans Focus lens is a smooth trans focus full-frame prime lens for Canon EF, Nikon AI, Sony A, Sony E, and Pentax K mounts, announced by Venus Optics in September 2016. It is marketed as the "Bokeh Dreamer" lens.

Though designed for full frame, the lens can be used on APS-C camera bodies, with an equivalent full-frame field-of-view of approximately 136.5mm - 157.5mm. Canon EF-Mount versions are optionally equipped with a focus confirmation chip.

Sony α
Sony α (the lower case Greek letter alpha, often transliterated as Sony Alpha) is a brand of digital camera. This line has been active since 2006, building upon the Konica Minolta camera technologies, whose assets were acquired by Sony.
Luthuli
Luthuli is a name of southern African origin.

Albert Luthuli (c. 1898–1967), Teacher, activist, politician and Nobel Peace Prize winner

Luthuli Dlamini (born 1966), Zimbabwe-born South African film and television actor

Bhekumuzi Luthuli (1961–2010), South African Maskandi musician

Bhekizizwe Luthuli, South African politician

Siphelele Luthuli (born 1995), South African professional soccer player

Bhekizizwe Luthuli
Bhekizizwe Nivard Luthuli is a South African politician who is a member of the National Assembly of South Africa from the Inkatha Freedom Party. He was first elected at the 2019 South African general election. He was re-elected in the 2024 general election.
Planina, Ajdovščina
Planina (pronounced [plaˈnìːna]) is a village in the hills south of the Vipava Valley on the border with the Karst Plateau in the Municipality of Ajdovščina in the traditional Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It is now generally regarded as part of the Slovenian Littoral. It is made up of smaller clusters of the hamlets of Štrancarji, Marci, Dolenja Vas (Slovene: Dolenja vas), Brithi, Gorenja Vas (Gorenja vas), and Koboli.

Karst Plateau
The Karst Plateau or the Karst region (Slovene: Kras, Italian: Carso), also locally called Karst, is a karst plateau region extending across the border of southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy.

It lies between the Vipava Valley, the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills, northern Istria, and the Gulf of Trieste. The western edge of the plateau also marks the traditional ethnic border between Italians and Slovenes. The region gave its name to karst topography. For this reason, it is also referred to as the Classical Karst.