hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Headless men
Various species of mythical headless men were rumoured, in antiquity and later, to inhabit remote parts of the world. They are variously known as akephaloi (Greek ἀκέφαλοι 'headless ones') or Blemmyes (Latin: Blemmyae; Greek: βλέμμυες) and described as lacking a head, with their facial features on their chest. These were at first described as inhabitants of ancient Libya or the Nile system (Aethiopia). Later traditions confined their habitat to a particular island in the Brisone River, or shifted it to India.

Blemmyes are said to occur in two types: with eyes on the chest or with the eyes on the shoulders.

Face
The face is the front of the head in humans and many other animals that features most of the sense organs including the eyes, nose and mouth. Many animals may express emotions through their face. Sense organs in the faces of different animals are varied such as the snout, and the proboscis. Many animals are flat-faced (brachycephalic) such as the pug dog.

The human face is crucial for identity, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may adversely affect the psyche.
Caudill's Army
Caudill's Army was the name of a Confederate force from South Eastern Kentucky during the American Civil War
that included the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles (designated the 13th Kentucky Cavalry in March 1865) commanded by Colonel Benjamin E. Caudill. An element of the Army of Tennessee and which served at times under General John Hunt Morgan's command.  The force was active in the battle of Leatherwood and the Battle of Marion.

Army of Tennessee
The Army of Tennessee was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Named for the Confederate state of Tennessee, It was formed late in 1862 in Tennessee and fought until the end of the civil war, participating in most of the significant battles in the Western Theater.
Two Tigers (video game)
Two Tigers is a multidirectional shooter created by Bally Midway and released as an arcade video game in 1984. One or two players each control a World War II-era fighter plane to shoot enemy planes which fall and damage a naval ship at the bottom of the screen. After enough damage, the ship explodes. Players can also drop one bomb at a time to the same effect. An alternate dogfight mode allows two players to attempt to down each other's plane.

The game was released as both a standalone cabinet and as a conversion kit for Tron. The two have different controllers and differ in gameplay and presentation details.

Dogfight
A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft that is conducted at close range. Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is air combat manoeuvring (ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from aerial warfare, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions.

Dogfighting first occurred during the Mexican Revolution in 1913, shortly after the invention of the airplane. It was a component of every major war after that, though with steadily declining frequency, until the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Since then, longer-range weapons such as beyond-visual-range missiles have made dogfighting largely obsolete.
Hamilton Townsend
Hamilton Townsend  (1843?-1895) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the nineteenth century

Allen was born in County Down, educated at Trinity College, Dublin  and ordained in 1850. He was Rector of Killoran from 1862; Archdeacon of Achonry from 1862 to 1883; and  a Canon of  St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1875. He was Dean of Achonry from 1883  until his death.

Killoran
Killoran (Irish: Mac Giolla Luaighrinn) is a surname of Irish origin meaning son of a devotee of (Saint) Luaighreann. Spelling variations include; Mac Killoran, Gilloran, Gilleran, O'Giollarain. It could also come from the toponymic Cill Luaighrinn, in this case meaning church of Luaighrinn.
Take Me Home (Phil Collins song)
"Take Me Home" is a song written and performed by the English drummer, singer and songwriter Phil Collins. It is the tenth and final track on Collins' third solo studio album, No Jacket Required. Collins co-produced the song with Hugh Padgham and released it as a single in the UK in July 1985 and the US in March 1986. It did moderately well in the UK, peaking at No. 19. While it was not as successful as other singles from the album, such as "Sussudio" or "One More Night" in the US, it still reached the top 10, peaking at No. 7.

The "extended mix" of "Take Me Home", released on the 12-inch single, was one of the six songs to be included on Collins' remix album 12″ers (1987). John "Tokes" Potoker created an edited extended mix of the song for the Japanese release of 12″ers, removing around one and half minutes from the full length mix.

In a readers poll, Rolling Stone ranked "Take Me Home" number five on their list of ten best Collins songs.

Hugh Padgham
Hugh Charles Padgham (/ˌpædʒɛm/; born 15 February 1955) is an English record producer and audio engineer. He has won four Grammy Awards, for Producer of the Year and Album of the Year for 1985, Record of the Year for 1990, and Engineer of the Year for 1993. Padgham's co-productions include hits by Phil Collins, XTC, Genesis, the Human League, Sting, and the Police. He pioneered (with Peter Gabriel and producer Steve Lillywhite) the "gated reverb" drum sound used most famously in Collins' song "In the Air Tonight".
Ispah rebellion
The Ispah rebellion (Chinese: 亦思巴奚兵亂; pinyin: Yìsībāxī Bīngluàn) was a series of civil wars in the middle of 14th century in Fujian during the Yuan dynasty. The term Ispah might derive from the Persian word "سپاه" (sepâh), meaning "army" or "Sepoy". Thus, the rebellion is also known as the Persian Sepoy rebellion (波斯戍兵之亂; Bōsī Shùbīng zhī Luàn) in Chinese documents.

Under Yuan rule, more Semu people (Arab and Persian Muslims) migrated to the Chinese port city of Quanzhou. In 1357, a predominantly Muslim army led by two Quanzhou Persian Shi'a Muslims, Sayf ad-Din (賽甫丁) and Amir ad-Din (阿迷里丁), revolted against the Yuan. The rebel army seized control of Quanzhou, Putian, and even reached the provincial capital Fuzhou.

In 1362, the Ispah army collapsed into internal conflict, Yawuna (那兀纳), a Quanzhou Arab Sunni Muslim official, became the new leader of the Ispah army. In 1366, it was eventually crushed by the ethnic Han commander Chen Youding (陈友定) who was loyal to the Yuan dynasty.

Putian
Putian (Chinese: 莆田, Putian dialect: Pó-chéng), also known as Puyang (莆阳) and Puxian (莆仙), historically known as Hinghwa/Hinghua/Henghua (simplified Chinese: 兴化; traditional Chinese: 興化), is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. It borders Fuzhou to the north, Quanzhou to the south, and the Taiwan Strait's Xinghua Bay to the east. Mulan River flows through the city.
Dunya Ramicova
Dunya Ramicova (born October 11, 1950) is an Emmy Award-winning costume designer and distinguished professor emeritus at the University of California, Merced. At the university, she served as a founding faculty member, and was the Richard P. and Susan Kiphart Costume Designer Endowed Chair.

University of California, Merced
The University of California, Merced (UC Merced or colloquially, UCM) is a public land-grant research university in Merced County, California, United States. Established in 2005, UC Merced is the tenth and newest campus in the University of California (UC) system. The primary campus is located around 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the city of Merced and sits adjacent to Lake Yosemite. The main campus is around 1,026 acres (415 hectares) in size and is adjacent to large swaths of protected natural grasslands and vernal pools, which have shaped its development, capital planning, and research.

UC Merced offers over 60 undergraduate degrees and 18 graduate and professional degrees and roughly 8,000 undergraduates and 700 graduate students were enrolled at UCM as of fall 2023. In 2025 the university was classified as an R1 Carnegie research institution.
Saint-Antoine, New Brunswick
Saint-Antoine (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿ɑ̃twan]) is a former village in Kent County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is 35 km north of Moncton and 18 km Southwest of Bouctouche. Saint-Antoine is on Route 115 and Route 525. It is now part of the town of Champdoré.

Kent County, New Brunswick
Kent County (2021 population 32,169) is located in east-central New Brunswick, Canada. The county features a unique blend of cultures including Mi'kmaq, Acadian, and English. Some larger tourist attractions include the dune de Bouctouche, Kouchibouguac National Park, and Bonar Law Commons.

Federally, it is split between the ridings of Beauséjour, represented by Dominic LeBlanc of the Liberal Party of Canada and Miramichi—Grand Lake, represented by Jake Stewart of the Conservative Party of Canada. Provincially, it is split between the electoral districts of Kent North and Kent South.
Speed limits in Hong Kong
The general speed limit in Hong Kong is 50 km/h, which applies to all roads unless signed otherwise.

At present, the 50 km/h limit mostly applies to urban roads and other non-arterial roads in the New Territories. Some mountain roads, most notably on Lantau Island, have a lower 30 km/h limit.

Most urban trunk, distributor and peripheral roads as well as many rural carriageways with higher traffic flow and length have a standard speed limit of 70 km/h, such as Clear Water Bay Road. Newly constructed roads of this category have an 80 km/h limit such as Heung Yuen Wai Highway.

Most urban expressways in Hong Kong have a speed limit of 70 km/h or 80 km/h, while in the New Territories and for the West Kowloon Highway a higher limit of 100 km/h is used. The speed limit of the North Lantau Highway is 110 km/h, which is the highest speed limit in Hong Kong.

Clear Water Bay Road
Clear Water Bay Road (Chinese: 清水灣道) is a major road from Choi Hung Interchange in Ngau Chi Wan to Clear Water Bay, Sai Kung District. It also is a route to Sai Kung Town and Tseung Kwan O via Hiram's Highway and Hang Hau Road / Ying Yip Road respectively. An expressway deviation, New Clear Water Bay Road (新清水灣道), bypasses a steep, winding, 1 in 6 alignment of Clear Water Bay Road near Shun Lee and Fei Ngo Shan.

In 1932, Clear Water Bay Road began from Kowloon City. In 1963, part of the road was renamed Choi Hung Road and Prince Edward Road East.
Love Is Forever (1954 film)
Love is Forever (German: ...und ewig bleibt die Liebe) is a 1954 West German drama film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Karlheinz Böhm, Ulla Jacobsson and Ingrid Andree. The film is based on the play Fires of St. John by Hermann Sudermann.

It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's art direction was by Willi Herrmann and Heinrich Weidemann. It was shot using Agfacolor.

Agfacolor
Agfacolor was a series of color film products made by Agfa of Germany. The first Agfacolor, introduced in 1932, was a film-based version of their Agfa-Farbenplatte (Agfa color plate), a "screen plate" product similar to the French Autochrome. In late 1936, Agfa introduced Agfacolor Neu (New Agfacolor), a pioneering color film of the general type still in use today. The new Agfacolor was originally a reversal film used for making "slides", home movies and short documentaries. By 1939, it had also been adapted into a negative film and a print film for use by the German motion picture industry. After World War II, the Agfacolor brand was applied to several varieties of color negative film for still photography, in which the negatives were used to make color prints on paper. The reversal film was then marketed as Agfachrome.  These films use Color Developing Agent 1 in their color developer.
Isanga
Isanga is an administrative ward in the Mbeya Urban district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 10,486 people in the ward, from 9,591 in 2012.: 95 : 119

Mbeya District
Mbeya City is a district of Mbeya Region, Tanzania and comprises the area of Mbeya town.  It is bordered to the north by Mbeya Rural District, to the east by Rungwe District, to the south by Ileje District and to the west by Mbozi District.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Mbeya Urban District was 541,603.
Z30 small nucleolar RNA
In molecular biology, Z30 small nucleolar RNA, also known as SNORD7, is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
Z30 snoRNA belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Roxburghshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Roxburghshire was a Scottish county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain (at Westminster) from 1708 to 1801, and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (also at Westminster) from 1801 to 1918.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
Slav de Hren
Slav de Hren is a Bulgarian musical duo, formed in 2005, whose work combines jazz, rock and classical music. The members are George Marinov, an underground avant-garde guitar player, and Svetoslav Bitrakov, an experienced soft jazz and rock drummer. They have released two albums.

Smooth jazz
Smooth jazz is a commercially oriented style crossover jazz music. Although often described as a “genre,” it remains a debated and sometimes controversial topic among jazz musicians and critics. As a radio format, however, smooth jazz radio became the successor to easy listening music on radio station programming from the mid-1970s through the early 1990s.
Saravah
Saravah is a French jazz record label founded by singer-songwriter Pierre Barouh in 1965.

Saravah released the album 50 Years to celebrate its anniversary in the music business. The album included Albin de la Simone, Bastien Lallemant, Bertrand Belin, Camélia Jordana, François Morel, Jeanne Cherhal, Kahimi Karie, Maïa Barouh, Nana Vasconcelos, Olivia Ruiz, Ringo Sheena, Séverin, and Yolande Moreau.

Saravah owns and operates a concert hall in Shibuya, Tokyo. Opened in 2011, Saravah Tokyo (サラヴァ東京) is a "cultural meeting place where you can enjoy music without borders."

François Morel (composer)
François Morel (14 March 1926 – 14 January 2018) was a Canadian composer, pianist, conductor, and music educator. An associate of the Canadian Music Centre, he was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec in 1994 and was awarded the Prix Denise-Pelletier in 1996. He has had his works premiered by the CBC Symphony Orchestra, the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, and the Philadelphia Orchestra.
234th Battalion (Peel), CEF
The 234th Battalion (Peel), CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in Toronto, the unit began recruiting in the spring of 1916 in Peel County.  After sailing to England in April 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 12th Reserve Battalion on April 29, 1917.  The 234th Battalion (Peel), CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. W. O. Morris.

The 234th Battalion (Peel), CEF is perpetuated by The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment).

Otter Commission
The Otter Commission, or Otter Committee, was established after the First World War to tackle a problem created by the chaotic mobilization of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. In 1919, units of the CEF, intended as a wartime expeditionary force, returned to Canada where the Canadian Militia had served during the war performing home defence duties, staffing internment camps, and raising recruits for overseas. Both the CEF and the Militia desired to be perpetuated in the post-war world. The CEF units were proud of their wartime record, while the pre-war Militia had long-standing roots in the community and battle honours dating back as far as the War of 1812.
From Nothin' to Somethin'
From Nothin' to Somethin' is the fourth studio album by American rapper Fabolous. The album was released on June 12, 2007, by DJ Clue's Desert Storm Records, Fabolous' Street Family Records and Def Jam Recordings. The production on the album was handled by Akon, Timbaland, Jermaine Dupri, Just Blaze and Polow da Don, among others.

From Nothin' to Somethin' was supported by four singles: "Diamonds", "Return of the Hustle", "Make Me Better" and "Baby Don't Go". The album received generally positive reviews and was a commercial success. The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200, selling 159,000 copies in its first week. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Melony G. Griffith
Melony Ghee Griffith (born June 5, 1963) is an American politician who was a member of the Maryland Senate representing District 25 in Prince George's County from 2019 until her resignation on October 31, 2023.  She previously served as president pro tempore of the Maryland Senate from 2020 to 2023, and as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1999 to 2015.

Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince George's County (often shortened to PG County, PG, or PGC) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 967,201, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind neighboring Montgomery County. The 2020 census counted an increase of nearly 104,000 in the previous ten years. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is the most populous African American-majority county in the United States, as well as the second most affluent behind neighboring Charles County.

The county is part of the Capital region of the state, though portions of the county are considered to be in Southern Maryland. The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities, such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters.
Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 23 and 24 July 1920 and 18 shooters from seven nations competed. The United States swept the podium (indeed, the five Americans took the top five places); it was the second sweep in the men's trap (France had done it in 1900). Mark Arie took the gold medal, the second consecutive victory by an American. Frank Troeh earned silver, while Frank Wright finished with bronze. Arie also received Lord Westbury's Cup, a challenge prize previously awarded in 1908 and 1912 to the winners of those years' men's trap competitions.

Frank Wright (sport shooter)
Frank Seymour Wright (December 26, 1878 – February 13, 1931) was an American sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In 1920 he won the gold medal as member of the American team in the team clay pigeons competition and the bronze medal in the individual trap event. He was born in South Wales, New York.
Alameda Community Learning Center
Alameda Community Learning Center (ACLC), formerly known as Arthur Andersen Community Learning Center, is a 6th–12th grade public charter school located in Alameda, California, United States. It currently shares a campus with its sister school, Nea Community Learning Center. As a school ACLC was founded on the idea of democracy and student-led education.

Precalculus
In mathematics education, precalculus  is a course, or a set of courses, that includes algebra and trigonometry at a level that is designed to prepare students for the study of calculus, thus the name precalculus (from pre-, 'beforehand'). Schools often distinguish between algebra and trigonometry as two separate parts of the coursework.
1843 Hungarian parliamentary election
The delegates of the Lower house were elected at the elections of delegates held in the counties. Approximately 10% of the entire voting age population could vote for the elected delegates of the Lower house (5% county nobility, 5% burgeous of free royal cities). Each county was entitled to one vote, while the delegates of the free royal cities, the clergy, and the autonomous districts (Jassic, Cuman, Hajduk) had only one vote each. Thus, the majority of the representatives in the Lower house were representatives of the county nobility. They were elected in the county elections, by the nobility at the county hall. The elected county envoy (representative) was given instructions and could be recalled.

County hall
A county hall or shire hall is a common name given to a building that houses the seat of local government for a county.

The location of the county hall has usually denoted the county town.

In the case of Surrey, England, when county boundaries changed the county hall remained in Kingston upon Thames. County halls usually contain a council chamber, committee rooms and offices.
French ship Breslaw (1848)
Breslaw was the lead ship of her class of steam-powered, third-rate, 80 gun ships of the line built for the French Navy during the 1850s. She had been laid down as a Suffren-class sailing ship of the line in 1827, but remained on the stocks until the ship was launched in 1848 and completed the following year. Breslaw played a minor role in the Crimean War of 1854–1855. The ship was chosen for conversion to steam power in 1854.

Stocks (shipyard)
Stocks are an external framework in a shipyard used to support construction of (usually) wooden ships. They are normally associated with a slipway to allow the ship to slide down into the water. In addition to supporting the ship itself, they are typically used to give access to the ship's bottom and sides. The availability and type of wood of the stocks in the yard would influence the nature and size of the ship that was built.

Stocks were commonly used until the late 19th century for shipbuilding with ships being referred to as built "on the stocks". Historical past examples that can still be seen include those still visible at the shore of Fishbourne, Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom.