hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Princeton Lyman
Princeton Nathan Lyman (November 20, 1935 – August 24, 2018) was a diplomat and former United States Ambassador to Nigeria (1986–89) and South Africa (1992–95), and former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs (1996–98). He was a member of  the American Academy of Diplomacy and the Aspen Institute, and was Adjunct Senior Fellow for Africa Policy Studies with the Council on Foreign Relations.

Lyman had a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley and a Ph.D. from Harvard University.

American Academy of Diplomacy
The American Academy of Diplomacy is a private, nonprofit, non-partisan, elected organization whose active membership is limited to men and women who have held positions of high responsibility in crafting and implementing American foreign policy. They have served the United States as chiefs of mission in major embassies abroad, and/or equivalent high-level foreign policy positions in Washington.

In its early years, the Academy provided the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations with commentary on the qualifications of those nominated by the President as ambassadors, but today it only does so in exceptional circumstances, such as if the Board of Directors feels strongly about a nominee's lack of qualifications to be ambassador.

The academy is financially supported by its members, and by grants from foundations and corporate contributors.
Terre Haute House
The Terre Haute House was a historic hotel in downtown Terre Haute, Indiana, United States.

Despite numerous efforts to preserve it, the building was demolished and replaced by the Hilton Garden Inn, which opened in 2007.

The Terre Haute House was a Renaissance Revival-style, 10-story building located on the northeast corner of Seventh Street and Wabash Avenue (U.S. Highway 40). It was a high-class accommodation between the 1920s and the 1950s, a time when Terre Haute's well-known illegal gambling operations and other businesses of ill repute brought high rollers to the area.

Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˈtɛrə ˈhoʊt/ TERR-ə HOHT) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716.

Located along the Wabash River about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state border with Illinois, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley; it is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. It also contains the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, which houses the US federal death row.
Orpheus Gate
Orpheus Gate (Orfeeva Porta \or-'fe-e-va 'por-ta\), also Orpheus Pass, is the 548 m high and 380 m wide pass in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, bounded by Pliska Ridge on the southeast and Polanco Peak in Burdick Ridge on the northwest, Huntress Glacier on the southwest and Perunika Glacier on the northeast.

The pass forms part of the overland routes from Hurd Peninsula via Willan Saddle, the southern foothills of Burdick South Peak, and Orpheus Gate to upper Perunika Glacier, Wörner Gap and Camp Academia area, upper Huron Glacier, Tangra Mountains and Bowles Ridge.

Orpheus, a name of world and national culture, was originally applied in 1995 to a nearby peak but, due to the priority of the existing British nameform Willan Nunatak, was subsequently transferred to the present feature.

Wörner Gap
Wörner Gap (Sedlovina Wörner \se-dlo-vi-'na 'vyor-ner\) is a flat saddle extending 3 km in the south-north direction between Friesland Ridge and Bowles Ridge in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Its elevation decreases from 585 m in the south to 541 m in the middle, and 525 m in the north.   The gap separates the glacial catchments of Perunika Glacier to the west and Huron Glacier to the east, and is linked to the east to Kuzman Knoll, a conspicuous landmark in the area.  The gap is visited by field parties from St. Kliment Ohridski Base and Juan Carlos I Base and is subject to Spanish and Bulgarian glaciological studies.

The feature is named after the late Secretary General of the Atlantic Alliance Dr. Manfred Wörner (1934–94) in recognition of his contribution to European unity.
Andrea Heim
Andrea Heim (later Markus, born 11 February 1961) is a German female former volleyball player who competed for East Germany in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

Heim was born in Bergen auf Rügen.

In 1980, Heim was part of the East German team that won the silver medal in the Olympic tournament. She played two matches.

Bergen auf Rügen
Bergen auf Rügen (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁɡn̩ aʊf ˈʁyːɡn̩], lit. 'Bergen on Rügen') is the capital of the former district of Rügen in the middle of the island of Rügen in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Since 1 January 2005, Bergen has been the administrative seat of the Amt of Bergen auf Rügen, which with a population of over 23,000 is Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania's most populous Amt.
Vaah! Life Ho Toh Aisi!
Vaah! Life Ho Toh Aisi! (transl. Wow! That is what life should be like!) is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language fantasy comedy film written and directed by Mahesh Manjrekar, and produced by Sangeetha Ahir. The film stars Shahid Kapoor, Sanjay Dutt, Amrita Rao, Radhika Apte, and Arshad Warsi. It was released on 23 December 2005.

The film draws inspiration from the films Mudhal Thethi, It's a Wonderful Life, Naukri, Ghost and Bruce Almighty.  Over time, it is widely regarded as a cult classic, especially among viewers born during the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Fantasy comedy
Fantasy comedy (also called comic fantasy) is a subgenre of fantasy that is primarily humorous in intent and tone. Typically set in imaginary worlds, fantasy comedy often involves puns on, and parodies of, other works of fantasy.
Vega Refinery
Vega Refinery is a Romanian oil refinery owned by Rompetrol and located in Ploiești, Prahova County. The refinery has a processing capacity of over 350,000 tons of feedstock/year. It is also the sole producer of hexane and bitumen in Romania with a production capacity of 66,000 tons of bitumen per year.

Raw material
A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials/Intermediate goods that are feedstock for future finished products. As feedstock, the term connotes these materials are bottleneck assets and are required to produce other products.

The term raw material denotes materials in unprocessed or minimally processed states such as raw latex, crude oil, cotton, coal, raw biomass, iron ore, plastic, air, logs, and water. The term secondary raw material denotes waste material which has been recycled and injected back into use as productive material.
WNJR (FM)
WNJR (91.7 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station broadcasting a freeform radio format. Licensed to Washington, Pennsylvania, it serves Greater Pittsburgh's Southwest suburbs. The station is owned by Washington & Jefferson College.

Washington, Pennsylvania
Washington is a city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,176 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area in southwestern Pennsylvania. Nicknamed "Little Washington" to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the city is home to Washington & Jefferson College and Pony League baseball.
Chauliodus schmidti
Chauliodus schmidti is a species of viperfish in the family Stomiidae. The species is rarely-seen, but has been documented off of the West African coast. Fully-grown members of the species can reach a maximum length of ~23 centimeters.

Stomiidae
Stomiidae is a family of deep-sea ray-finned fish, including the barbeled dragonfishes, that live in all oceans in a wide range of depths. They are quite small, ranging around 15 to 26 centimetres (5.9 to 10.2 in) long, and they exhibit a strong sexual dimorphism. These fish are apex predators and have enormous jaws filled with fang-like teeth; their specially adapted neurocranium and upper-jaw system allows them to open their jaws to more than 100 degrees. This ability allows them to consume extremely large prey, often 50% greater than their standard length.
Hapten
Haptens (derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten”) are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself. The mechanisms of absence of immune response may vary and involve complex immunological interactions, but can include absent or insufficient co-stimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells.

Haptens have been used to study allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to induce autoimmune-like responses.

The concept of haptens emerged from the work of Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner,
who also pioneered the use of synthetic haptens to study immunochemical phenomena.

Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the rectum.
Waddon Marsh tram stop
Waddon Marsh tram stop is a stop on the Tramlink service serving the area between Waddon and Croydon in the London Borough of Croydon. It is close to the commercial areas of the Purley Way. The stop is overshadowed by the giant gasometer of Croydon Gas Works. There was previously a railway station about 100 metres north of this site called Waddon Marsh, though all that remains of the previous station is an access path still lined with streetlamps painted NSE red.

Gas holder
A gas holder or gasholder, also known as a gasometer, is a large container in which natural gas or town gas (coal gas or formerly also water gas) is stored near atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures. The volume of the container follows the quantity of stored gas, with pressure coming from the weight of a movable cap. Typical volumes for large gas holders are about 50,000 cubic metres (1,800,000 ft3), with 60-metre-diameter (200 ft) structures.

Gas holders now tend to be used for balancing purposes to ensure that gas pipes can be operated within a safe range of pressures, rather than for actually storing gas for later use.
Eupromus nigrovittatus
Eupromus nigrovittatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1930. It is known from Vietnam and China. It feeds on Cinnamomum camphora and Tectona grandis.

Maurice Pic
Maurice Pic (23 March 1866, in Marrigny near Digoin – 29 December 1957, in Les Guerreaux) was a French entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. He contributed to Mary-Louis Fauconnet's Catalogue raisonné des coléoptères de Saône-et-Loire (Le Creusot, Martet, 1887) and wrote many short papers, many in L'Échange, Revue Linnéenne describing world beetles. His most important work was for Sigmund Schenkling's still very relevant Coleopterorum Catalogus.

Pic's collection is in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris.
Ononis arvensis
Ononis arvensis, the field restharrow, is a widespread species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Eurasia from central Europe through to western Siberia and the western Himalayas. It is a perennial hemicryptophyte usually 50–100 cm (20–39 in) tall, typically found in meadows, but also in old fields and dry grasslands.

It is closely related to Ononis spinosa and Ononis repens, being treated (together with O. repens) by some authors as a subspecies of O. spinosa. It shares pink flower colour with these two; from O. spinosa it differs in having its flowers in pairs at each node rather than singly, and (like O. repens) in lacking stiff spines; the wing petal size is small as in O. spinosa, rather than equalling the keel petal as in O. repens. It has a more easterly distribution than either O. spinosa or O. repens, not being found west of southern Scandinavia and Germany, and extending further into central Asia.

Old field (ecology)
Old field is a term used in ecology to describe lands formerly cultivated or grazed but later abandoned. The dominant flora include perennial grasses, heaths and herbaceous plants. Old fields are canonically defined as an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community, a concept which has been debated by contemporary ecologists for some time.

Old field sites are often marginal lands with soil quality unsuitable for crops or pasture. Examples include abandoned farmlands in central Ontario, along the edge of the Canadian Shield.

Stress tolerant species with wide seed dispersal ranges are able to colonize cultivated fields after their initial abandonment, usually followed by perennial grasses. The succession of old fields culminates in takeover by trees and shrubs, eventually leading to a climax forest stand.
Nikola Pešaković
Nikola Pešaković (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Пешаковић; born April 16, 1991) is a Serbian professional basketball player for Vojvodina of the Basketball League of Serbia. Standing at 1.93 m (6 ft 4 in), he plays at the shooting guard position.

Basketball League of Serbia
The Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian: Кошаркашка лига Србије, romanized: Košarkaška liga Srbije), commonly abbreviated as KLS, is a top-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006. It is currently not run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
Joos Lambrecht
Joos Lambrecht (1491, Ghent – 1556/7, Wesel) was a Walloon printer, typographer, lexicographer and linguist.

He was the son of Jan Lambrecht and came from a family of engravers of seals and marks used to authenticate cloth made in Ghent. In 1537-1538 he took up this trade taking over from Vincent Lambert, and combined it with a broad range of activities: he was a schoolmaster at the Walloon School and also wrote poetry. His work as a printer is regarded as having particularly good quality.

His Naembouck van alle natuerlicken ende ongheschuumde Vlaemsche woorden is an important book in the history of the Dutch languages. It was a Dutch-French dictionary, French being a language he taught at the Walloon School. He printed the first edition of this book in 1546. For many years no copy was known to have survived until Wytze Hellinga discovered a copy in the library of the Groot Seminarie in Warmond in the Netherlands.

History of the Dutch language
Dutch is a West Germanic language, that originated from the Old Frankish dialects. Countries that have Dutch as an official language are the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname, Sint Maarten, Curaçao and Aruba.
Masnaa Border Crossing
The Masnaa Border Crossing is an international border crossing between the countries of Lebanon and Syria. It is completely land-based and links the customs checkpoints of Masnaa, Lebanon, and Jdeidat Yabous, Syria. An 8 km no man's land of desolate neutral territory buffers the distance between the border stations. It is the primary crossing point between the countries, linking the capital cities of Beirut and Damascus.

No man's land
No man's land is wasted, unowned land, an uninhabited or desolate area that may be under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied out of fear or uncertainty. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dumping ground for refuse between fiefdoms. It is commonly associated with World War I to describe the area of land between two enemy trench systems, not controlled by either side. The term is also used metaphorically, to refer to an ambiguous, anomalous, or indefinite area, regarding an application, situation, or jurisdiction. It has sometimes been used to name a specific place.
Adjutant Corps
The Israeli Adjutant Corps is a support corps in the IDF Human Resources Directorate. Its current commander is Tat aluf (Brigadier general) Edna Ilya.

The corps's designation is to assist IDF commanders in dealing with manpower, as well as soldiers' individual problems. It employs an adjutant officer, as well as assistants, in almost every unit, as well as a liaison officer in reserve units, who is responsible for the manpower aspect of the unit, as well as attending to the reservists' individual needs.

Aluf
Aluf (Hebrew: אלוף, lit. 'champion' or "first/leader of a group" in Biblical Hebrew) is a senior military rank in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for officers who in other countries would have the rank of general, air marshal, or admiral. In addition to the aluf rank, four other ranks' names are derivatives of aluf (for which abbreviations can be used), together constituting the five highest ranks in the IDF.
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Starware Publishing Corp.
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Starware Publishing Corp. 900 F.Supp. 433 was a case heard before the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida in May 1995. The case revolved around the subject of copyright infringement and exclusive rights in copyrighted works. Plaintiff Playboy Enterprises filed a motion for partial summary judgment of liability of copyright infringement against defendant Starware Publishing Corporation. Specifically, Playboy Enterprises ("PEI") argued that Starware's distribution of 53 of Playboy's images, taken from an online bulletin board, and then sold on a CD-ROM, infringed upon PEI's copyrights. The case affirmed that it was copyright infringement, granting Playboy Enterprises the partial summary judgment. Most importantly, the case established that "The copyright owner need not prove knowledge or intent on the part of the defendant to establish liability for direct copyright infringement."

PLBY Group
PLBY Group, Inc. is an American global media and lifestyle company founded by Hugh Hefner as Playboy Enterprises, Inc. to oversee the Playboy magazine and related assets. Its headquarters were in Los Angeles, California up until 2025, when they relocated to Miami Beach, Florida.

The company is focused on four primary business lines: Sexual Wellness, Style & Apparel, Gaming and Lifestyle, and Beauty & Grooming. Today, PLBY Group, together with its subsidiaries, engages in the development and distribution of content, products and high-profile events that embody both "eroticism and fine art", and apparel retailing. It is in the top twenty most licensed brands globally.
Miguel Constansó
Miguel Constansó (1741–1814), original name Miquel Constançó, was a Catalan engineer, cartographer and cosmographer. He joined the Portolá expedition of Alta California led by Gaspar de Portolá and Junípero Serra, serving aboard ship as cartographer and on land as engineer.

Monterey Bay
Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California, south of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco itself is farther north along the coast, by about 75 miles (120 km), accessible via CA 1 and US 101.

Santa Cruz is located at the north end of the bay, and Monterey is on the Monterey Peninsula at the south end. The "Monterey Bay Area" is a regional term used to describe the Monterey Bay-adjacent Central Coast communities of Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito counties. The three counties, along with Monterey Bay-adjacent cities, collaborate in the Association of Monterey Bay Governments (AMBAG) on regional issues and come together for events like the State of the Region hosted by the Monterey Bay Economic Partnership.
Georges Balandier
Georges Balandier (21 December 1920 – 5 October 2016) was a French sociologist, anthropologist and ethnologist noted for his research on Sub-Saharan Africa. Balandier was born in Aillevillers-et-Lyaumont. He was a professor at the Sorbonne (Université René Descartes, Paris-V), and is a member of the Center for African Studies (Centre d'études africaines [Ceaf]), a research center of the École pratique des hautes études (School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences). He held for many years the Editorship of Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie (previously held by his mentor Georges Gurvitch) and edited the series Sociologie d'Aujourd'hui at Presses Universitaires de France. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1976. He died on 5 October 2016 at the age of 95.

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).
Please: PopHeart Live EP
Please: PopHeart Live EP is a live EP by the Irish rock band U2. The EP features four live tracks from the band's PopMart Tour and was released towards end of the second leg of the tour on 8 and 9 September 1997. Two of four the songs on the release were from the band's most recent album at the time, Pop (1997) and the other two were from The Joshua Tree (1987). This release was U2's first EP since Wide Awake in America (1985).

Despite its title, this release was not the single to U2's song "Please", which was not released until two months later. The EP was released in most regions except in the United States, in which its four tracks were eventually included on the "Please" single, released two months later. The photograph on the cover of the album was taken by the band's set designer, Willie Williams. It features an image of the PopMart stage arch with images of artwork by the late pop artist Keith Haring on the LED video screen.

Willie Williams (set designer)
William Peter Charles Williams (born 1959) is an English show director, stage and lighting designer and video director for concerts, theatre and multimedia projects. He is best known for his work with the rock band U2, and is recognised as one of the leading artists in this field. William Gibson, writing in Wired magazine, said "Willie Williams combines a passionate delight in technology with an infectious low-tech joy.  His innovations have become industry standards."
Naramice
Naramice [naraˈmit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Biała, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Wieluń, and 90 km (56 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń County
Wieluń County (Polish: powiat wieluński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieluń, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 927.69 square kilometres (358.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,260, out of which the population of Wieluń is 24,347 and the rural population is 53,913.