hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Dolman
Edward James Dolman (born 24 February 1960) is a British art business executive and advisor. The former longtime CEO and Chairman of Christie's International PLC and Phillips Auctioneers is principal in Dolman Partners with his son Alex Dolman. In June 2025, with three other leading art market figures - Brett Gorvy, Phillip Hoffman and Patti Wong - they announced the launch of New Perspectives Art Partners, a consulting firm that advises art collectors and institutions.

Phillips (auctioneers)
Phillips, formerly known as Phillips the Auctioneers and briefly as Phillips de Pury, is a British auction house. It was founded in London in 1796, and has head offices in London and in New York City. In 2022 it was owned by the Mercury Group, a Russian luxury goods company.
Hugo Reus
Hugo Reus (born 21 February 2004) is a French professional rugby union player, who plays as a fly-half for Top 14 club Perpignan.

Born and raised in Dordogne, France, he made his professional debut with La Rochelle on 25 March 2023. Internationally, Reus won the 2023 World Rugby U20 Championship with the France national under-20 team, being the team's starting fly-half during the tournament.

USA Perpignan
Union Sportive Arlequins Perpignanais, also referred to as USA Perpignan or Perpignan, is a French professional rugby union club founded in 1933 and based in Perpignan, in the Pyrénées-Orientales department. They compete in the Top 14, France's elite division of rugby.

The club is a result of a merger between US Perpignan and Arlequins Perpignanais in 1933. US Perpignan was also born from a 1919 union of merging clubs AS Perpignan (founded in 1902) and Stade Olympien Perpignanais.

Its home ground is the 14,593-capacity Stade Aimé Giral but important fixtures may occasionally be taken to Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys, in Barcelona. The club's colours are sky blue, scarlet and golden yellow, which derived from the Catalan Senyera and give Perpignan its nickname Les Sang et Or (French for "The Blood and Golds").
Rita Schönenberger
Rita Schönenberger, née Heggli (born 3 December 1962) is a retired Swiss heptathlete who also specialized in the 100 metres hurdles and the long jump.

In the hurdles, she finished fourth at the 1987 World Indoor Championships. She also competed at the 1986 European Championships, the 1987 World Championships, 1988 European Indoor Championships, the 1988 Olympic Games, the 1992 European Indoor Championships, and the 1993 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

She also competed in the heptathlon at the 1986 European Championships, without finishing the competition following three invalid long jumps. She later finished ninth in the long jump at the 1992 European Indoor Championships and competed at the 1994 European Championships without reaching the final.

Her personal best hurdle times were 8.07 seconds, achieved in March 1988 in Budapest; and 13.07 seconds, achieved in September 1987 in Lausanne.

Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres hurdles
The Women's 100 metres Hurdles at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea had an entry list of 37 competitors, with five qualifying heats (37 runners), three second-rounds (24) and two semifinals (16) before the final (8) took place on Friday September 30, 1988.
Llangennech railway station
Llangennech railway station is a railway station in the village of Llangennech. It lies on the Heart of Wales line with services operated by Transport for Wales running to and from Swansea and Shrewsbury.

Llangennech station is located at street level about half a mile away from the centre of the village. It is one of two stations (neighbouring Bynea being the other) located on the double track portion of the route that is shared with the Swansea District Line.

Transport for Wales
Transport for Wales (TfW; Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru; TrC) is a not-for-profit company owned by the Welsh Government and managed at arms length by its appointed board. TfW oversees the Transport for Wales Group (TfW Group) consisting of itself and its subsidiaries: Transport for Wales Rail, the train operator of the Wales & Borders railway franchise; Pullman Rail Limited; and TfW Innovation Services Limited, a joint venture between TfW (51%) and former operator KeolisAmey Wales (49%).

TfW contracted KeolisAmey Wales in 2018 to run using the trading name Transport for Wales Rail Services. Due to a fall in passengers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a Welsh-government owned company, Transport for Wales Rail Limited, took over day-to-day operations of the franchise on 7 February 2021.

The company is developing the T Network, an integrated multimodal transport network across Wales, using trains, buses, walking, wheeling and cycling.
10 agorot controversy
The 10 agorot controversy refers to a conspiracy theory made public by Palestine Liberation Organization chairman Yasser Arafat's appearance at a specially convened session of the UN Security Council in Geneva on 25 May 1990. At the session, Arafat claimed that the obverse design of an Israeli ten agorot coin showed a map of "Greater Israel" that represented Zionist expansionist goals.

Bank of Israel
The Bank of Israel (Hebrew: בנק ישראל, Arabic: بنك إسرائيل) is the central bank of Israel. The bank's headquarters is located in Kiryat HaMemshala in Jerusalem with a branch office in Tel Aviv. The current governor is Amir Yaron.

The primary objective of the Bank of Israel is to maintain stability in prices and the financial system in Israel. It also administers and implements monetary policy in Israel, conducts foreign exchange operations, supervises and regulates the banking system, takes care of the foreign reserves and operations of the financial market infrastructure. The Bank of Israel has, under Article 41 and 44 of its Statute, the exclusive right to issue Israeli Shekel banknotes and coins.
Kotaro Tatsumi
Kotaro Tatsumi (辰巳 孝太郎; born 21 August 1976, Osaka Prefecture) is a Japanese politician who serves in the House of Representatives as a member of the Japanese Communist Party. Tatsumi was in the House of Councillors from 2013 to 2019. Tatsumi is opposed to the MagLev system, saying that it is a waste of resources. He was a candidate in the 2023 Osaka gubernatorial election.

2023 Osaka gubernatorial election
The 2023 Osaka Prefecture Gubernatorial election was held on 9 April 2023 as part of the 20th unified local elections. Incumbent Governor Hirofumi Yoshimura won re-election to a second term, defeating Taniguchi Mayumi who was supported by the  Liberal Democratic Party, Constitutional Democratic Party and several minor candidates.
Bethlehem Tilahun Alemu
Bethlehem Tilahun Alemu (born 1980) is an Ethiopian businesswoman, founder, and executive director of soleRebels, Africa's "fastest growing footwear company". Bethlehem has received honors and accolades for her business acumen, as well as her efforts to shift the discourse on Africa away from poverty to the continent's entrepreneurial spirit, social capital, and economic potential. Bethlehem launched  "The Republic of Leather", designing sustainable luxury leather goods, and "Garden of Coffee" retail outlets to promote Ethiopian coffees.

Women in business
The phrase women in business refers to female businesspeople who hold positions, particularly leadership in the fields of commerce, business, and entrepreneurship. It advocates for their increased participation in business.

Increased participation of women in business can be important for variation in business development, ideas, and business products. Participation also encourages the development of social networks and supports that have positive repercussions for women and for their social environment.

The status of women in business varies significantly around the world. Sometimes a lack of adequate business capital, female education, and training programs in the use of technology  can mean women are more constrained by their social and political environment than men.
Midi Minuit Fantastique
Midi Minuit Fantastique (1962–1972) was a French film magazine published by Eric Losfeld (publisher of Adonis Kyrou and film magazine Positif). Michel Caen and Alain Le Bris started it, accompanied by Jean Boullet and Jean-Claude Romer. The headquarters of Midi Minuit Fantastique was in Paris.

The magazine was dedicated to the fantastique, horror and science fiction films of the 1960s. It had a guide to the cinemas in Paris that showed films in those genres.

Some Midi Minuit Fantastique issues were dedicated to special themes (King Kong, Dracula, The Most Dangerous Game).

In later days, when acceptance of alternative canons of cinema had grown, Midi Minuit Fantastique sometimes dealt with more mainstream subject matter, publishing profiles on Samuel Fuller, Otto Preminger or Federico Fellini.

Literary fiction was also a subject of Midi Minuit, including an essay on Gaston Leroux by Jean Rollin.

A total of twenty-four issues were produced.

Gaston Leroux
Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux (French: [ɡastɔ̃ lwi alfʁɛd ləʁu]; 6 May 1868 – 15 April 1927) was a French journalist and author of detective fiction.

In the English-speaking world, he is best known for writing the novel The Phantom of the Opera (French: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, 1910), which has been made into several film and stage productions of the same name, notably the 1925 film starring Lon Chaney and Andrew Lloyd Webber's  1986 musical.  His 1908 novel The Mystery of the Yellow Room is one of the most celebrated locked room mysteries.
Men's United States Open (squash) 2012
The Men's United States Squash Open 2012 was the men's edition of the 2012 United States Open (squash), which is a PSA World Series event Gold (Prize money: $115,000). The event took place at the Daskalakis Athletic Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States from 6 October to 12 October. Ramy Ashour won his first US Open trophy, beating Grégory Gaultier in the final.

Grégory Gaultier
Grégory Gaultier (born 23 December 1982) is a former professional squash player from France. He has won the 2015 World Open Squash Championship, the British Open three times, in 2007, 2014 and 2017, the Qatar Classic in 2011, the US Open twice, in 2006 and 2013, the Tournament of Champions in 2009, and the PSA World Series Finals thrice, in 2008, 2009 and 2016. He reached the final of the World Open in 2006, 2007, 2011 and 2013, and the World No. 1 ranking in 2009. Gaultier is affectionately known to his friends as The General.
Richard Sadebeck
Richard Emil Benjamin Sadebeck (20 May 1839 in Breslau – 11 February 1905 in Meran) was a German pteridologist and mycologist. He was an older brother of mineralogist Alexander Sadebeck (1843–1879).

He studied natural sciences at the University of Breslau as a pupil of Heinrich Göppert. From 1865 to 1876 he worked as a schoolteacher in Berlin, and afterwards relocated to Hamburg, where he taught classes at the Johanneum. From 1883 to 1901 he was director of the Hamburg Botanical Museum.

In 1893 he described the fungal genus Magnusiella (syn. Taphrina).

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Denis Rixson
Air Commodore Denis Fenn Rixson CVO, OBE, DFC, AFC (12 December 1918 – 10 December 1994) was a British pilot during World War II and a senior Royal Air Force officer in the post-war years and a Commandant Royal Observer Corps.

During World War II, he was the Officer Commanding No. 113 Squadron.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Xavier Hochstrasser
Xavier Daniel Hochstrasser (born July 1, 1988), is a Swiss footballer who currently plays for FC Onex as a defensive midfielder or a winger. He is known for his superb crossing and ability to set up goals, and specializes in corner kicks.

BSC Young Boys
Berner Sport Club Young Boys (YB by short abbreviation, Alemannic German: [ˈiːbɛ] EE-beh) is a Swiss professional sports club based in Bern, Switzerland. Its first team has won 17 Swiss league championships and eight Swiss Cups. YB is one of the most successful Swiss football clubs internationally, reaching the semi-finals of the European Cup in the 1958–59 season. The club's colours are yellow of a golden shade and black.
1815 New York's 12th congressional district special election
On October 6, 1814, prior to the beginning of the Fourteenth Congress, Representative-elect Benjamin Pond (DR), who'd been elected to New York's 12th district, died.  A special election to fill this vacancy was held in April, 1815.

14th United States Congress
The 14th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in the Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1815, to March 3, 1817, during the seventh and eighth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Edinho (footballer, born 1955)
Edino Nazareth Filho (born 5 June 1955), known as Edinho, is a Brazilian football commentator, manager and former player. He played as a central defender with Fluminense, Grêmio, the second Toronto Blizzard and the Brazil national team.

Toronto Blizzard (1986–1993)
The second iteration of the Toronto Blizzard was a Canadian professional soccer team in Toronto, Ontario that competed in the Canadian Soccer League, National Soccer League, and the American Professional Soccer League. The club was formed shortly after the folding of the original team that coincided with the folding of the North American Soccer League. This edition of the club folded in 1993 after poor financial prospects and lack of attendance.
Thomas Gamiette
Thomas Gamiette (born 21 June 1986) is a Guadeloupean former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder in Ligue 2 for Reims, Tours, Paris FC and Bourg-en-Bresse, in the Thai Premier League for BEC Tero Sasana, and in the Championnat National 2 for FC Fleury 91. He made 12 appearances for the Guadeloupe national team, scoring once.

Tours FC
Tours Football Club, commonly referred to as simply Tours (French pronunciation: [tuʁ]), was a football club based in Tours, France. Formed in 1919, the club adopted the name Tours FC in 1951 after several other name changes. The club was dissolved due to years of financial struggles.

Home matches were played the Stade de la Vallée du Cher located within the city.
Bill Atkinson
William Dana Atkinson (March 17, 1951 – June 5, 2025) was an American computer engineer, computer programmer and photographer. Atkinson worked at Apple Computer from 1978 to 1990. Some of Atkinson's noteworthy contributions to the field of computing include Macintosh QuickDraw and Lisa LisaGraf (Atkinson independently discovered the midpoint circle algorithm for fast drawing of circles by using the sum of consecutive odd numbers), marching ants, the menu bar, the selection lasso, MacPaint (FatBits), HyperCard, Atkinson dithering, and the PhotoCard application program.

Midpoint circle algorithm
In computer graphics, the midpoint circle algorithm is an algorithm used to determine the points needed for rasterizing a circle. It is a generalization of Bresenham's line algorithm. The algorithm can be further generalized to conic sections.
Gammarus obruki
Gammarus obruki is a species of freshwater amphipod, collected from İnderesi Cave, Bartın Province, Turkey. This species belongs to the Gammarus pulex-group. The most discriminant characters of this species are the presence of prolonged extremities, including a very long antennae, up to 52 segmented flagella, a densely setose fifth peduncle, l flagellar segments of antenna, and a fourth peduncle segment that has no long setae.

Amphipoda
Amphipoda (/æmˈfɪpədə/) is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods (/ˈæmfɪpɒdz/) range in size from 1 to 340 millimetres (0.039 to 13 in) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. More than 10,700 amphipod species are currently recognized. They are mostly marine animals but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 2,250 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers, such as Talitrus saltator and Arcitalitrus sylvaticus.
2 mm scale
2 mm scale, often 2 mm finescale is a specification used for railway modelling, largely for modelling British railway prototypes. It uses a scale of 2 mm on the model to 1 foot on the prototype, which scales out to 1:152.4
The track gauge used to represent prototype standard gauge (4 feet 8+1⁄2 inches) is 9.42 mm (0.371 in). Track and wheels are closer to dead scale replicas than commercial British N.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Frans Michel Penning
Frans Michel Penning (12 September 1894 – 6 December 1953) was a Dutch experimental physicist.  He received his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1923, and studied low pressure gas discharges at the Philips Laboratory in Eindhoven, developing new electron tubes during World War II. Many detailed observations of gas ionization were done with colleagues, finding notable results for helium and magnetic fields.  He made precise measurements of Townsend discharge coefficients and cathode voltage fall. Penning made important contributions to the advancement of high resolution mass spectrometry.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Ann Hallenberg
Ann Hallenberg (born 17 March 1967) is a Swedish mezzo-soprano. She has an operatic career on the stage and concert platform around Europe. She regularly appears in major opera houses and festivals, in roles by Rossini, Mozart, Gluck, Handel, Vivaldi, Monteverdi, and Purcell.

Hallenberg studied at the Royal College of Music, Stockholm, with Kerstin Meyer and Erik Saedén; she undertook further study in London with Joy Mammen. Early roles included Fulgenzia in Donizetti's Il fortunato inganno at the Vadstena Academy in 1995 and Aristaeus in Rossi's Orfeo in Drottningholm in 1997, returning in 2001 as Cornelia in Handel's Giulio Cesare.

The mezzo-soprano was made artist in residence at Drottningholm for 2019 and 2020, and decided on the repertoire; in the first year it was Ariodante conducted by Ian Page. In 2021 she was appointed as Hovsångerska by the King of Sweden.

Giulio Cesare
Giulio Cesare in Egitto (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo ˈtʃeːzare in eˈdʒitto, - ˈtʃɛː-]; lit. 'Julius Caesar in Egypt'; HWV 17), commonly known as Giulio Cesare, is a dramma per musica (opera seria) in three acts composed by George Frideric Handel for the Royal Academy of Music in 1724. The libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym who used an earlier libretto by Giacomo Francesco Bussani, which had been set to music by Antonio Sartorio (1676). The opera was a success at its first performances, was frequently revived by Handel in his subsequent opera seasons and is now one of the most often performed Baroque operas.

The opera's plot is loosely based on historical events during the Roman Civil War of 49–45 BC.
Circle Digital Chart
The Circle Digital Chart, previously known as the Gaon Digital Chart, is the music industry standard record chart ranking the 200 most popular singles in South Korea. It provides rankings on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis, which is based on an aggregate of streaming, downloads and background music from major South Korean music platforms, as well as video ringback tone sales from the V Coloring app. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart.

Ringing tone
Ringing tone (audible ringing, also ringback tone) is a signaling tone in telecommunication that is heard by the originator of a telephone call while the destination terminal is alerting the receiving party. The tone is typically a repeated cadence similar to a traditional power ringing signal (ringtone), but is usually not played synchronously. Various telecommunication groups, such as the Bell System and the General Post Office (GPO) developed standards, in part taken over by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and other standards bodies. With modern cell phone and smartphone technology ringing tone can be customized and even used for advertising.
Columbine Country Club
Columbine Country Club is a premier private country club, located in Columbine Valley, Colorado, a southern suburb minutes away from downtown Denver.  Established in 1955, the club and property is home to an 18-hole championship course originally designed by Henry Hughes, a links-style 9-hole par three course designed by von Hagge, Smelak, & Baril, seven tennis courts, and a family pool complex.  In 1967, Columbine was chosen to host the PGA Championship, where Don January beat out legends of the game Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus to win the 49th edition of the major championship event.

In 2020 the par-72 golf course measures 7,427 yards from the championship tees.  In 2018, the club hired nationally recognized architect Rees Jones and co-designer Greg Muirhead to redesign and renovate the golf course.  In 2017, Columbine Country Club completed a $20-million 45,000 square foot construction of its new clubhouse facilities.

Columbine Valley, Colorado
The Town of Columbine Valley is a statutory town located in far western Arapahoe County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,502 at the 2020 United States census, a 19.59% increase since the 2010 United States census. Columbine Valley is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.