hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pak Tonji
Pak Tonji (Korean: 박돈지; Hanja: 朴惇之; July 3, 1342 – September 17, 1422) was a Korean scholar-bureaucrat, diplomat, and ambassador, representing Joseon interests in the tongsinsa (diplomatic mission) to the Ashikaga shogunate (Muromachi bafuku) in Japan. He lived from the late Goryeo until the early Joseon periods.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
2006 electoral calendar
This electoral calendar 2006 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2006 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, although they are not elections. By-elections are not included.

Elections in Cape Verde
Cape Verde elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a  legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly (Portuguese: Assembleia Nacional) has 72 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. Cape Verde has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party.
Erin Mielzynski
Erin Mielzynski (born 25 May 1990) is a Canadian former World Cup alpine ski racer.  She primarily competed in technical events and specialized in slalom.

Born in Brampton, Ontario, Mielzynski made her World Cup debut in November 2009 and has competed in three Winter Olympics and five World Championships.

She won her first World Cup race in March 2012 in slalom at Ofterschwang, Germany, her first top-ten finish. It was the first World Cup victory for a Canadian woman in over four years, when Emily Brydon won a Super G in February 2008 at St. Moritz, Switzerland. It was also the first World Cup win in slalom for a Canadian woman in over 41 years; Betsy Clifford won at Schruns, Austria in January 1971.

In January 2022, Mielzynski was named to Canada's 2022 Olympic team.

Piz Nair
Piz Nair (3,056 metres (10,026 ft)) is a mountain of the Albula Alps in Switzerland, overlooking St. Moritz in the canton of Graubünden. The peak is easily accessible from the village with a funicular and a cable car; the upper station unloads 30 metres (100 ft) below the summit. Below the summit to the east is the Corviglia ski area.

The mountain hosted the alpine skiing events for the 1948 Winter Olympics in neighboring St. Moritz. It also hosted the World Championships in 1934, 1974,  2003, and 2017.
USLHT Mangrove
USLHT Mangrove was a lighthouse tender in commission in the fleet of the United States Lighthouse Board from December 1897 to April 1898 and from August 1898 to 1910, in the United States Lighthouse Service from 1910 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1939, and in the United States Coast Guard (as USCGC Mangrove) from 1939 to 1941 and in 1946. She also saw commissioned service in the United States Navy as USS Mangrove on three occasions, operating as an armed supply ship from April to August 1898 during the Spanish–American War, during which she fought the last battle of that war; as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919 during and in the aftermath of World War I; and as a buoy tender from 1941 to 1946 during and in the aftermath of World War II.

Home port
A vessel's home port is the port at which it is based, which may not be the same as its port of registry shown on its registration documents and lettered on the stern of the ship's hull. In the cruise industry the term "home port" is also often used in reference to the port in which a ship will take on/change over most of its passengers while taking on stores, supplies and fuel.
Virginia Air National Guard
The Virginia Air National Guard (VA ANG) is the aerial militia of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Virginia Army National Guard an element of the Virginia National Guard of the much larger United States National Guard Bureau.

As commonwealth militia units, the units in the Virginia Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Virginia through the office of the Virginia Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Virginia Air National Guard is headquartered in Richmond, and its commander is Brigadier General Catherine M. Jumper.

National Guard Bureau
The National Guard Bureau (NGB) is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the National Guard established by the United States Congress as a joint bureau of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force. It was created by the Militia Act of 1903. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, elevated the National Guard to a joint function of the Department of Defense. The 2007 NDAA, from the previous year, elevated the chief of the National Guard Bureau from a lieutenant general to a four-star general.
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
Madam Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (Vietnamese: [vɔ˦ˀ˥ tʰi˧˨ʔ ʔajŋ̟˧˦ swən˧˧]; born 8 January 1970) is a Vietnamese politician and former educator who serves as the 17th vice president of Vietnam since 2021. She briefly served as the acting president of Vietnam twice, in 2023 and 2024.

She was elected to the vice presidency on 6 April 2021 after winning 93.13% of the votes in the National Assembly, continuing the recent norm of having a woman holding this position. Prior to her election, Xuân served as the Party Secretary of An Giang province and chaired the province's deputies delegation to the National Assembly. A member of the Party Central Committee, she is the second female (acting) president after Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh, who also briefly served as the acting president in 2018. Xuân was the youngest vice president of Vietnam since 1945.

At the 14th Party Congress, she was re-elected to the Central Committee and subsequently elected to the Central Secretariat.

Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Ban Bí thư Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), replaced by the Politburo Standing of the Central Committee in the period 1996 to 2001, is the highest implementation body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) between Central Committee meetings. According to Party rules, the Secretariat implements the decisions of the Politburo and the Central Committee.

The members of the Politburo are elected (and given a ranking) by the Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of a National Party Congress. The current Secretariat, the 13th, was elected by the Central Committee in the aftermath of the 13th National Congress and consists of 12 members. The first-ranked member is Tô Lâm, the General Secretary of the Central Committee.
Wolfe conditions
In the unconstrained minimization problem, the Wolfe conditions (also known as  the Armijo-Wolfe conditions in some books) are a set of inequalities for performing inexact line search, especially in quasi-Newton methods, first published by Philip Wolfe in 1969 (also named after Larry Armijo).

In these methods the idea is to find

for some smooth . Each step often involves approximately solving the subproblem

where  is the current best guess,  is a search direction, and  is the step length.

The inexact line searches provide an efficient way of computing an acceptable step length  that reduces the objective function 'sufficiently', rather than minimizing the objective function over  exactly. A line search algorithm can use Wolfe conditions as a requirement for any guessed , before finding a new search direction .

Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.
TGOD Mafia: Rude Awakening
Rude Awakening is the debut studio album by American hip hop supergroup TGOD Mafia, which consists of rappers Juicy J, Wiz Khalifa and record producer TM88. It was released on June 3, 2016, by Taylor Gang Entertainment, Atlantic Records, Columbia Records and Empire Distribution. The lone guest appearance is provided by fellow American rapper Project Pat. The album was supported by the single, "All Night".

Project Pat
Patrick Earl Houston (born February 8, 1973), known professionally as Project Pat, is an American rapper from Memphis, Tennessee. He is the older brother of Juicy J, the co-founder of Three 6 Mafia.

Houston was formerly a member of the hip-hop group the Kaze, joining in 1998, the same year that their debut album Kamakazie Timez Up was released.
George and Bertha Graff House
The George and Bertha Graff House is a historic house in Santa Clara, Utah. It was built with adobe in 1908 by George A. Graff, a farmer of Swiss descent. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 4, 1998.

Santa Clara, Utah
Santa Clara is a city in Washington County, in southwestern Utah, (Western United States) and is a part of the St. George Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 census, Santa Clara had a population of 7,553. The region and county borders the states of Arizona to the south and Nevada to the west. The town is a western suburb of the nearby county seat and larger city of St. George, Utah
Red (1970 film)
Red, also known in some releases as Red the Half-Breed, is a 1970 Canadian drama film, directed by Gilles Carle. An exploration of anti-indigenous racism, the film stars Daniel Pilon as Reginald "Red" Mackenzie, the Métis half-brother of an otherwise all-white family of siblings, who becomes the primary suspect when his sister Elizabeth (Fernande Giroux), the wife of wealthy car dealer Frédéric Barnabé (Gratien Gélinas), is murdered.

The film's cast also includes Geneviève Deloir, Donald Pilon, Yvon Dufour, Claude Michaud and Raymond Cloutier.

The film won three Canadian Film Awards at the 22nd Canadian Film Awards, for Best Supporting Actor (Gélinas), Best Supporting Actress (Giroux) and Best Cinematography (Bernard Chentrier).

Canadian Film Awards
The Canadian Film Awards were the leading Canadian cinema awards from 1949 until 1978. These honours were conducted annually, except in 1974 when a number of Quebec directors withdrew their participation and prompted a cancellation. In the 1970s, they were sometimes known as the Etrog Awards for sculptor Sorel Etrog, who designed the statuette.

The awards were succeeded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's Genie Awards in 1980. In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its separate Gemini Awards program for television to create the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards.
Itäväylä
Itäväylä (the Eastern Highway, Swedish: Österleden) is a motorway-like road in the Greater Helsinki area of Finland, mainly in the Helsinki conurbation. It is part of the Finnish regional road 170 (Finnish: Seututie 170, Swedish: Regionalväg 170). The road begins in Kalasatama, Sörnäinen in eastern Helsinki and continues east through Kulosaari and then across to Herttoniemi. Itäväylä continues all the way through East Helsinki (including Itäkeskus in Vartiokylä), finally crossing the eastern end of Ring III. After that, the road continues towards east to Virolahti via Sipoo, Porvoo, Loviisa, Kotka and Hamina as Regional Road 170 (Mt 170).

Itäväylä is perhaps the most important connection between central Helsinki and East Helsinki with the Helsinki Metro, because almost all bus and private car traffic between them passes along Itäväylä.

A similar road, Länsiväylä (Western Highway, Swedish: Västerleden), begins in Ruoholahti and continues westwards towards Kirkkonummi.

Kirkkonummi
Kirkkonummi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkirkːoˌnumːi]; Swedish: Kyrkslätt, Finland Swedish: [ˈtɕyrːkslet] ⓘ, Sweden Swedish: [ˈɕʏ̂rːkslɛt]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Kirkkonummi is situated in the western part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Kirkkonummi is approximately 42,000. It is the 28th most populous municipality in Finland. Kirkkonummi is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

Kirkkonummi is situated on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland and borders Espoo, Vihti, Siuntio and Ingå. The literal translation of the Finnish name "Kirkkonummi" into English is “church heath”; the Swedish name "Kyrkslätt" translates to “church plain".

Kirkkonummi is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 73% Finnish speakers, 15% Swedish speakers, and 13% speakers of other languages.
1983 in motoring
1983 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry throughout 1983 by various automobile manufacturers, grouped by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles, and is one of the Earth's most important economic sectors by revenue.

The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany.

1983 saw a great number of new model launches in Europe, with the popularity of the hatchback bodystyle continuing to gather pace and now being the most popular bodystyle in many countries.

Carl Benz
Carl (or Karl) Friedrich Benz (German: [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛnts] ⓘ; born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical, modern automobile and the first car to be put into series production. He received a patent for the motorcar in 1886, the same year he first publicly drove the Benz Patent-Motorwagen.

His company Benz & Cie., based in Mannheim, was the world's first automobile plant and largest of its day. In 1926, it merged with Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft to form Daimler-Benz, which produces the Mercedes-Benz among other brands.

For his achievements, Benz is widely regarded as "the father of the car", and as the "father of the automobile industry".
Symphony No. 9 (Glazunov)
Alexander Glazunov's Symphony No. 9 in D minor was begun in 1910, but was still unfinished by the time of his death in 1936.  Gavril Yudin orchestrated the first movement piano sketch. The symphony takes about ten minutes to perform in its entirety.

It has been recorded by the Alexander Anissimov and the Moscow Symphony Orchestra for Naxos and José Serebrier and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra for Warner Classics.

Alexander Anisimov
Alexander Mikhailovich Anissimov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Ани́симов; born 8 October 1947) is a Russian conductor.

Anissimov was born in Moscow.

In 1995 he was appointed Principal Guest Conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra of Ireland.
2015–16 Navy Midshipmen men's basketball team
The 2015–16 Navy Midshipmen men's basketball team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Midshipmen, led by fifth year head coach Ed DeChellis, played their home games at Alumni Hall and were members of the Patriot League. They finished the season 19–14, 9–9 in Patriot League play to finish in a four way tie for fourth place. They defeated Lafayette in the first round of the Patriot League tournament to advance to the quarterfinals, where they lost to Lehigh. Despite having 19 wins, they did not participate in a postseason tournament.

2016 Patriot League men's basketball tournament
The 2016 Patriot League men's basketball tournament was played March 1, 3, 6 and 9 with the higher seed in each matchup hosting at their respective campus sites. The tournament champion, Holy Cross, received the League's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
El Berrendo, Chihuahua
El Berrendo is a town in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, located in Janos Municipality, directly across the U.S. border from Antelope Wells, New Mexico. According to the Population Census and Housing of 2010 from INEGI, there was only 1 inhabitant.

Geographically, it is found in the middle of the Chihuahua Desert. Its altitude is 1,420 meters (4,659 ft) above sea level.

It is the smallest border crossing on the entire US-Mexico Border. There is a Point of Entry on the U.S. side only, open 7 days a week from 8 AM to 4 PM to non-commercial traffic only.

Its name is the Spanish word for the hooved mammal typical of the region, the pronghorn, which is like an antelope, the origin for its neighboring settlement, Antelope Wells.

El Berrendo can be reached from Federal Highway 2, via a 12 km road, which was paved for most of its length as of 2017. On the American side, it is reached by New Mexico State Route 81, which connects Antelope Wells to Interstate 10.

Interstate 10
Interstate 10 (I-10) is the southernmost transcontinental highway in the Interstate Highway System of the United States. It is the fourth-longest Interstate in the country at 2,460.34 miles (3,959.53 km), following I-90, I-80, and I-40. It was part of the originally planned Interstate Highway network that was laid out in 1956, and its last section was completed in 1990.

I-10 stretches from the Pacific Ocean at State Route 1 (SR 1, Pacific Coast Highway) in Santa Monica, California, to I-95 in Jacksonville, Florida. Other major cities connected by I-10 include (from west to east) Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson, Las Cruces, El Paso, San Antonio, Houston, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Mobile, Pensacola, and Tallahassee. Over one-third of its total length is within the state of Texas, where the freeway spans the state at its widest breadth.
Sayuri Shimizu
Sayuri Shimizu (清水 小百合, Shimizu Sayuri; born January 14, 1989 in Hamamatsu) is a Japanese short-track speed-skater.

Shimizu competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for the Japan. In the 1000 metres she was fourth in her heat, failing to advance, and placing 25th overall. As a member of the Japanese 3000 metre relay team, she finished third in the heat, and then second in the B Final, ending up 5th overall.

As of September 2014, Shimizu's best performance at the World Championships came in 2013, when she won a bronze medal as a member of the Japanese 3000m relay team. Her best individual finish was 18th, in the 2013 500m.

As of September 2014, Shimizu has eight ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup podium finishes, as part of the relay team, with the best a pair of silver medals. Her top World Cup ranking is 12th, in the 500 metres in 2012–13.

Short-track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 1000 metres
The women's 1000 metres in short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held between 18 and 21 February 2014 at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia.

The qualifying heats was held on 18 February with the quarterfinal, the semifinal and the final on 21 February.

The defending Olympic Champion and World Champion is Wang Meng of China. Meng qualified to compete at the Games but broke her ankle in a collision with a teammate while practicing for the games in January 2014.
Kaushik Krish
Kaushik Krish is an Indian playback singer who works primarily in Tamil cinema. He is best known for the romantic song "Kannala Kannala (The Melting Point of Love)" from the film Thani Oruvan (2015), composed by Hiphop Tamizha, and for his subsequent collaborations with the duo in both Tamil and Telugu films. He has also composed music for the Tamil feature film "Odavum Mudiyadhu Oliyavum Mudiyadhu" and has additional credits in the music department as a composer and background‑score artist.

Rocket Driver
Rocket Driver is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language fantasy dramedy film directed by Sriram Ananthashankar and co-written along with Akshay Poolla and Prasanth S. The film stars debutant actor Vishvath in the lead role alongside Sunaina, National-Award winner Naga Vishal, Kathadi Ramamurthy, Jagan and others in supporting roles.

The film is produced by Anirudh Vallabh under his Stories By The Shore banner. The film has cinematography done by Regimel Surya Thomas, music by Kaushik Krish, and editing by Iniyavan Pandiyan.

Rocket Driver released on 18 October 2024.
Gas lift
A gas lift or bubble pump is a type of pump that can raise fluid between elevations by introducing gas bubbles into a vertical outlet tube; as the bubbles rise within the tube they cause a drop in the hydrostatic pressure behind them, causing the fluid to be pulled up. Gas lifts are commonly used as artificial lifts for water or oil, using compressed air or water vapor.

Gas lifts have been used for a variety of applications:

Coffee percolators and electric drip coffeemakers use vaporized water to lift hot water

Airlift pumps use compressed air to lift water

Pulser pumps use a subterranean air chamber to lift underground water

Suction dredges use a variety of the gas lift called an airlift pump to vacuum mud, sand and debris

Mist lifts use vaporized water to draw seawater in ocean thermal energy conversion systems

Bubble (physics)
A bubble is a globule of a gas substance in a liquid. In the opposite case, a globule of a liquid in a gas, is called a drop. 
Due to the Marangoni effect, bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance.
Mai Đức Chung
Mai Đức Chung (born 21 June 1951) is a Vietnamese former football player and coach, currently serving as the manager of the Vietnam women's national football team. As of 2023, he is the oldest head coach of any national football team—men's or women's—at the FIFA World Cup.

Becamex Ho Chi Minh City FC
Becamex Ho Chi Minh City Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Becamex Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh), simply known as Becamex HCMC, and formerly known as Sông Bé and Becamex Bình Dương, is a professional football club based in Thủ Dầu Một ward, Ho Chi Minh City. It currently plays in Vietnam's top division, the V.League 1. Their home ground is Gò Đậu Stadium.
La Pobla de Massaluca
La Pobla de Massaluca (Catalan pronunciation: [la ˈpoβla ðe masaˈluka]) is a municipality in the comarca of la Terra Alta in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 344 (register office, 2024) .

The present town originated in 1294 according to existing documents, but it does not match the present location of the village. It is believed that it was formerly known as 'Pobla de Vilabona'. The town belonged from 1531 onwards to the Knights Hospitaller order, which had the see in neighboring Vilalba dels Arcs.

La Pobla de Massaluca produces olive oil. The local wine also deserves special mention.

Terra Alta (comarca)
Terra Alta (Western Catalan: [ˈtɛra ˈalta]) is a sparsely populated inland comarca (county) in Terres de l'Ebre, Catalonia (Spain). Its capital is Gandesa. It is also known as Castellania, a name dating back to its medieval status as a fiefdom held by the Order of Knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem under the Crown of Aragon.