hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guitar phím lõm
The đàn lục huyền cầm (chữ Hán: 彈六絃琴) (literally "lute with six strings"), or colloquially đàn ghi-ta phím lõm (literally ghi-ta "guitar," + phím "fret", + lõm "sunken"), is a scalloped Vietnamese adaptation of the French guitar.

The guitar, or ghi-ta, was adopted by Vietnamese musicians during the 19th Century. However, to adapt a western guitar to the deep pressing on the strings necessary for Vietnamese music, the fingerboard - the wood of the neck between the frets - was scooped out to ease the pressing. This carving out of the fingerboard is what gives the distinctive scalloped appearance to the six-string đàn lục huyền cầm. This form of guitar is commonly used in cải lương or "Southern Reformed Theater." In modern times, it has been included in Chầu văn music. Traditionally, acoustic guitars are used, but electric guitars are increasingly popular in modern day.

Some guitarists use artificial harmonics to imitate the sound of Đàn bầu.

Chầu văn
Hát chầu văn (Vietnamese: [háːt cə̂w van], chữ Nôm: 喝朝文), or in secular form hát văn (喝文), is a traditional folk art of northern Vietnam which combines trance singing and dancing. Its music and poetry are combined with a variety of instruments, rhythms, pauses, and tempos. Hát chầu văn originated in the 16th century and spread quickly. The main musical instrument used in hat van performance is the đàn nguyệt or moon-shaped lute. The genre is famous for its use in rituals for deity mediumship. Chầu văn serves two purposes: to help hypnotize the medium for reception of the deities and to accompany the medium's actions with appropriate music.

The singing and dance in non-religious form is hát văn ("sung literature") without the word chầu ("to have an audience with someone of higher power", "to perform a service and pay homage to a deity").
Jamuna Sharan Singh
Jamuna Sharan Singh (born 1941) is an Indian ecologist, academic and a former professor of botany and ecological sciences at Banaras Hindu University. He is known for his studies on the grassland ecosystems which are reported to have assisted in the better management of tropical grasslands. He is an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1980, for his contributions to biological sciences.

International Association for Vegetation Science
The International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS) promotes contact between scientists and others interested in the study of vegetation ecology, promotes research and publication of research results. In 1939 the International Phytosociological Society (IPS) was founded, with its headquarters in Montpellier, France. After the Second World War it was reconstituted as the Internationale Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde (IVV), which adopted a constitution at the International Botanical Congress of 1954. The current name was adopted in 1981–82.
Henry Hildyard
General Sir Henry John Thoroton Hildyard, GCB (5 July 1846 – 25 July 1916) was a British Army officer who saw active service in the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 and the Second Boer War. He was General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South Africa, from 1905 to 1908.

Anglo-Egyptian War
The British conquest of Egypt, also known as the 2nd Anglo-Egyptian War (Arabic: الاحتلال البريطاني لمصر, romanized: al-iḥtilāl al-Brīṭānī li-Miṣr, lit. 'British occupation of Egypt'), occurred in 1882 between Egyptian and Sudanese forces under Ahmed ‘Urabi and the United Kingdom. It ended a nationalist uprising against the Khedive Tewfik Pasha. It established firm British influence over Egypt at the expense of the Egyptians, the French, and the Ottoman Empire, whose already weak authority became nominal.
Hereditarianism
Hereditarianism is the research program according to which heredity plays a central role in determining human nature and character traits, such as intelligence and personality. Hereditarians believe in the power of genetic influences to explain human behavior and solve human social-political problems. They stress the value of evolutionary explanations in all areas of the human sciences.

Most prominently in intelligence research, they purport that genetic predisposition determines individual life outcomes more than do either structured environmental influences (i.e. nurture) or developmental noise respectively.

Genetic predisposition
Genetic predisposition refers to a genetic characteristic which influences the possible phenotypic development of an individual organism within a species or population under the influence of environmental conditions. The term genetic susceptibility is often used synonymously with genetic predisposition and is further defined as the inherited risk for specific conditions, based on genetic variants. While environmental factors can influence disease onset, genetic predisposition plays a role in inherited risk of conditions, such as various cancers. At the molecular level, genetic predisposition often involves specific gene mutation, regulatory pathways, or epigenetic modifications that alter cellular processes, increasing disease risk.
Evangelista Martinotti
Evangelista Martinotti (1634–1694) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

He was born  in Monferrato, Piedmont. Martinotti was a pupil of Salvator Rosa, and often painted landscapes. His brother Francesco (1636–1374), a figure painter, also trained with Rosa.

Montferrat
Montferrat (UK: /ˌmɒntfəˈræt/ US: /-ˈrɑːt/; Italian: Monferrato [moɱferˈraːto]; Piedmontese: Monfrà, locally [mʊŋˈfrɒ]; Latin: Mons Ferratus) is a historical region of Piedmont, in northern Italy. It comprises roughly (and its extent has varied over time) the modern provinces of Alessandria and Asti. Montferrat is one of the most important wine districts of Italy. It also has a strong literary tradition, including the 18th-century Asti-born poet and dramatist Vittorio Alfieri and the Alessandrian Umberto Eco.

The territory is cut in two by the river Tanaro. The northern part (the Basso Monferrato, "Low Montferrat"), which lies between that river and the Po, is an area of rolling hills and plains. The southern part (the Alto Monferrato, "High Montferrat") rises from the banks of the Tanaro into the mountains of the Apennines and the water divide between Piedmont and Liguria.

On 22 June 2014, Montferrat was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Les Avants–Sonloup funicular
The Les Avants–Sonloup funicular (French: Chemin de fer Les Avants–Sonloup) is a metre gauge funicular railway in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It links the railway station of Les Avants, on the Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line between Montreux and Montbovon, with an upper terminus at Sonloup.

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
Psychedelic folk
Psychedelic folk (also known as acid folk) is a loosely defined form of psychedelic music that originated in the 1960s. It retains the largely acoustic instrumentation of folk, but adds musical elements common to psychedelia.

Pearls Before Swine (band)
Pearls Before Swine was an American folk rock band formed by Tom Rapp in 1965 in Eau Gallie, which is now part of Melbourne, Florida. They released six albums between 1967 and 1971, before Rapp launched a solo career.
501st Bombardment Squadron
The 501st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to the 345th Bombardment Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, where it was inactivated on 25 June 1959.

The squadron was first activated in 1942.  After training in the United States as a medium bomber unit, it deployed to the Southwest Pacific Theater, where it engaged in combat, advancing from Australia, through New Guinea and the Philippines, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations and a Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for its combat actions.  Following V-J Day, the squadron remained on Okinawa until December 1945, when it returned to the United States for inactivation.  The squadron was activated again in 1957 as a tactical bomber unit.

Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation
The Philippine Presidential Unit citation Badge is a unit decoration of the Republic of the Philippines. It has been awarded to certain units of the United States military and the Philippine Commonwealth military for actions both during and subsequent to the Second World War.
Holland, 1945
"Holland, 1945" is a song by American indie rock group Neutral Milk Hotel. It was released as the only single from the band's second and final studio album, In the Aeroplane Over the Sea (1998), through Merge Records. The song, an indie rock and noise pop record, was written by lead singer Jeff Mangum and produced by fellow Elephant 6 member Robert Schneider. The track was recorded in July 1997 at Pet Sounds Studio, based in Denver, Colorado. It was released as the lead and sole single to In the Aeroplane Over the Sea on the 13th of October, 1998, through Blue Rose, Orange Twin Records, and Neutral Milk Hotel Records. Ever since its release, the song has been positively received by music critics, and was included in the final episode of The Colbert Report.

Noise pop
Noise pop is a subgenre of alternative and indie rock that emerged in the mid-1980s in the United Kingdom, originally pioneered by the Jesus and Mary Chain on their debut album Psychocandy. Elements of the style were also present in some bands associated with the British C86 movement. Noise pop later influenced the development of shoegaze.
Tarialan, Uvs
Tarialan (Mongolian: Тариалан, field) is a sum (district) of Uvs Province in western Mongolia.

It is the closest sum to Ulaangom, only about 30 km away from the provincial capital. The center of the sum is on Kharkhiraa river coming out of the Kharkhiraa mountain.

It is home to the Khoton speakers of the Oirat language. The Khoton practice a syncretic religion incorporating elements from Islam, Tibetan Buddhism and Tengri shamanism.

Ulaangom
Ulaangom (/ʊˈlɑːnɡəm/; Mongolian: Улаангом [ʊˈɮaˑɴɢɜm]; Oirat: Уланһом [ʊˈlaŋɣɔm]) is the capital of Uvs Province in Mongolia. It is located on the slopes of the Kharkhiraa mountain, 26 kilometres (16 mi) southwest from Uvs Lake shore and 120 kilometres or 70 miles south from the Russian border.
Afro-Peruvian Classics: The Soul of Black Peru
Afro-Peruvian Classics: The Soul of Black Peru is a 1995 album. The album was compiled by David Byrne (of the band Talking Heads), and was one of the first international releases of Afro-Peruvian music.

David Byrne
David Byrne (/bɜːrn/; born May 14, 1952) is an American musician, writer, visual artist, and filmmaker. He was a founding member and the principal songwriter, lead singer, and guitarist of the new wave band Talking Heads.

Byrne was born in Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, and moved to the US with his family as a child. He co-founded Talking Heads in 1975 in New York City. After releasing eight albums, including seven certified gold or platinum, Talking Heads disbanded in 1991.

Byrne has released solo recordings and worked with media including film, photography, opera, fiction, and non-fiction. He has collaborated with artists including Brian Eno, Fatboy Slim, X-Press 2, Ryuichi Sakamoto and St. Vincent. Byrne has received an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, a Special Tony Award, and a Golden Globe Award, and was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Talking Heads.
Bruno Comparetti
Bruno Comparetti is a contemporary Franco-Sicilian tenor. He studied singing in Barcelona with the Spanish tenor Eduardo Gimenez who taught him the art of bel canto as well as the singing technique inherited from his friend and teacher, Spanish tenor Alfredo Kraus.

Willy Decker
Willy Decker (born 1950) is a German theatre director and opera producer. He staged the world premières of Hans Werner Henze's Pollicino in Montepulciano in 1980, of Antonio Bibalo's Macbeth for the Norwegian Opera in Oslo in 1990 and Aribert Reimann's Das Schloss (The Castle) at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1992.
Kenta Kurihara
Kenta Kurihara (栗原 健太, Kurihara Kenta; born January 8, 1982) is a Japanese former professional baseball infielder who played for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp and the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. He was last a batting coach for the Chunichi Dragons.

The Carp's main cleanup hitter during the early 2000s, Kurihara blossomed into one of the most feared power threats in the Central League. He played in the 2009 World Baseball Classic as an emergency replacement for Shuichi Murata, who suffered an injury in the second round of the tournament.

Batting (baseball)
In baseball, batting is the act of facing the opposing pitcher and trying to produce offense for one's team. A batter or hitter is a person whose turn it is to face the pitcher. The three main goals of batters are to become a baserunner, to drive runners home or to advance runners along the bases for others to drive home, but the techniques and strategies they use to do so vary. Hitting uses a motion which is virtually unique to baseball and its fellow bat-and-ball sports, one that is rarely used in other sports. Hitting is unique because it involves rotating in the horizontal plane of movement, unlike most sports movements which occur in the vertical plane.
Lollipop Loves Mr Mole
Lollipop Loves Mr Mole is a British television sitcom written by Jimmy Perry and produced by ATV. Thirteen episodes were produced in two series of six and seven episodes respectively. The first episode was broadcast on Netflix on the  25 October 2023.

Rex Garner
Rex Garner (1921 – 17 May 2015) was a British born actor and director. He was born in 1921 in Wolverhampton, England. He died 17 May 2015 at the age of 94. Garner was survived by his seven children: Nicholas Garner, Lindsey Garner, Christopher Garner, Geraldine Raper (née Garner) Sally Garner-Gibbons, Kerry Garner, and Kim Garner, and his ex-wife Tammy Garner.

He played Vic Steele, between 1957-'59, in Shadow Squad. Among his many British TV appearances he also co-starred in My Wife and I. In 1968 he went to South Africa to join the Academy Theatre, and settled there in 1974. In 1979 joined Pieter Toerien acting and directing plays until 1999. In 1981 he was the director of Tommie Meyer's film "Birds of Paradise". He returned to the UK in the early 2000s.

He was named the best actor in 1983 at the Fleur du Cap Theatre Awards for his role as Father Tim in Mass Appeal.
Clyde Starbeck
Clyde L. "Buck" Starbeck (January 7, 1900 – December 21, 1957) was an American football coach.   He served as the head football coach at Iowa State Teachers College—now known as the University of Northern Iowa–from 1936 to 1957, compiling a record of 95–58–10.  He died on December 21, 1957, in Cedar Falls, Iowa, after suffering a heart attack.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
Miss Me?
Miss Me? is the second and final extended play (EP) by South Korean girl group I.O.I, a project group created through the 2016 Mnet survival show, Produce 101, composed of eleven trainees from different entertainment companies that promoted until January 2017 under YMC Entertainment. It contains five tracks, including the lead single, "Very Very Very" produced by Park Jin-young.

The EP was a commercial success peaking at number 2 on the Gaon Album Chart. The album sold 93,593 physical copies in 2016.

Mnet (TV channel)
Music Network (acronym of the Mnet) is a South Korean pay television music channel owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division.

The CJ E&M Center Studio located in Sangam-dong, Mapo District, Seoul is the headquarters, broadcast and recording centre of many Mnet programs with a studio audience, namely the live weekly music show M Countdown. It is also the venue for live performances in survival shows such as Superstar K, Show Me The Money series, Produce 101 series, Comeback War series, Planet series and Street Dance series. Other shows are filmed in CJ E&M Studio in Ilsan and CJ E&M Contents World in Paju.
Robotica (TV series)
Robotica is a robot combat show (similar to the early seasons of Robot Wars) produced for the American television cable channel TLC, a subsidiary of the Discovery Channel, from April 4, 2001, to November 16, 2002. Ahmet Zappa and Tanya Memme hosted all three seasons while Tanika Ray only hosted the first season with Dan Danknick replacing her for the second and third seasons.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
1996 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1996 Tour of the Basque Country was the 36th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 8 April to 12 April 1996. The race started in Lasarte and finished at Orio. The race was won by Francesco Casagrande of the Saeco team.

Saeco (cycling team)
Saeco was the name of an Italian road bicycle racing team, sponsored by the company with the same name. They rode on Cannondale bicycles.

The company did not prolong the sponsorship for 2005, and the team was merged with the Lampre team, forming Lampre–Caffita, sponsored by Caffita.
Over the Line
Over the Line is a 1993 American thriller film directed by Ovidio G. Assonitis and Roberto D'Ettorre Piazzoli. It stars Lesley-Anne Down as Elaine Patterson, a college professor who works in prison as a literary teacher for experiment and becomes the obsession for seductive inmate. It also starred John Enos III as inmate and rap performer Lady B Pearl as his ex-girlfriend who also sang number of songs in film.

Michael Parks
Michael Parks (born Harry Samuel Parks; April 24, 1940 – May 9, 2017) was an American singer and actor who made numerous film and television appearances, notably starring in the 1969–1970 series Then Came Bronson.  He was widely known for his work in his later years with filmmakers such as Quentin Tarantino, Robert Rodriguez, and Kevin Smith.
2013 Kazakhstan Cup
The 2013 Kazakhstan Cup is the 22nd season of the Kazakhstan Cup, the annual nationwide football cup competition of Kazakhstan since the independence of the country. The competition begins on 10 April 2013 and will end with the final in November 2013. Astana are the defending champions, having won their second cup in the 2012 competition.

The winner of the competition will qualify for the first qualifying round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.

Kazakhstan Cup
The Kazakhstan Cup is the main knockout cup competition in Kazakhstan football, run by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan. The tournament was initially founded in 1936 as a competition for clubs in the Kazakh SSR but did not become a proper national competition until 1992.
Reform School Girls (soundtrack)
Reform School Girls is the soundtrack album for the 1986 film of the same name. It was released in 1986 by Rhino Records. The soundtrack features mostly hard rock and heavy metal songs. Wendy O. Williams contributed four songs to the soundtrack; "It's My Life" from her debut studio album WOW (1984), "Bad Girl" and "Goin' Wild" from her second album Kommander of Kaos (1986), and the title song "Reform School Girls" recorded for the film. Williams herself appears in the film as a reform school bully Charlie Chamblis. Other artists on the album, consisting only of female singers and bands, include Etta James, Girlschool, Screamin' Sirens and Girl's Night Out.

Kommander of Kaos
Kommander of Kaos is the second solo studio album released by Wendy O. Williams after her group, the Plasmatics, went on hiatus. The album was recorded in 1984 but not released until 1986. A live version of the Gene Simmons-penned "Ain't None of Your Business" appears on this album (the song previously appeared on her debut album).
Lead guitarist Michael Ray (guitarist),or M. ray, was previously invited by Gene Simmons to record tracks on the Creatures of the Night Kiss album,  and was later hired by Simmons  to play guitar solos on the WOW album. Michael Ray (guitarist) composed and arranged  music tracks on the Kommander of Kaos  album. "Hoy hey (Live to rock)", "Pedal to the Metal", "Goin Wild", "Fight for the Right" and "(Work that Muscle) F**k that Booty".
The Kommander of Kaos album has been re-released by several independent labels in recent years (such as Plasmatics Media and Powerage).
Dunne v National Maternity Hospital
Dunne v National Maternity Hospital [1989] IR 91 was a legal case from Ireland, heard in the Supreme Court of Ireland in Dublin. The case had a significant influence on Irish tort law, in that it laid down the six core rules for assessing medical negligence.

Medical malpractice
Medical malpractice is a legal cause of action that occurs when a medical or health care professional, through a negligent act or omission, deviates from standards in their profession, thereby causing injury or death to a patient. The negligence might arise from errors in diagnosis, treatment, aftercare or health management.

An act of medical malpractice usually has three characteristics. Firstly, it must be proven that the treatment has not been consistent with the standard of care, which is the standard medical treatment accepted and recognized by the profession. Secondly, it must be proven that the patient has suffered some kind of injury due to the negligence. In other words, an injury without negligence or an act of negligence without causing any injury cannot be considered malpractice. Thirdly, it must be proven that the injury resulted in significant damages such as disability, unusual pain, suffering, hardship, loss of income or a significant burden of medical bills.