hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award
The 2011 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award took place on 22 December 2011 at the dock10 studios in Salford. It was the 58th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main titular award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a ten-person shortlist. Other awards presented include team, coach, and young personality of the year.

The event, broadcast live on BBC One, was hosted by Sue Barker, Gary Lineker and Jake Humphrey.

Cyclist Mark Cavendish won the main award, with golfer Darren Clarke the runner-up and long-distance runner Mo Farah in third place.

Sue Barker
Susan Barker (born 19 April 1956) is an English former professional tennis player and television presenter. Barker won 15 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including a major at the 1976 French Open. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world no. 3.

Barker started working for the BBC as a tennis presenter in 1993 and, the following year, began to present coverage of the Wimbledon tennis championships; she held this role until 2022. In addition, Barker fronted coverage of other major sporting occasions and sports for the BBC, including Olympic and Commonwealth Games, athletics and horse racing. Barker is also a former presenter of A Question of Sport, Grandstand and BBC Sports Personality of the Year.
Periya Gounder Ponnu
Periya Gounder Ponnu (transl. Daughter of Periya Gounder) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed by Manivasagam. The film stars R. Sarathkumar and Gautami, with Manorama, Goundamani, Senthil, Jai Ganesh, Vadivukkarasi, Delhi Ganesh and Vijayaraj in supporting roles. It was released on 28 February 1992.

Jai Ganesh
Jai Ganesh (1946 – 12 February 2001) was an Indian actor who appeared in Tamil plays and films. He had supporting roles in the films  Aval Oru Thodar Kathai and Aattukara Alamelu, among others. His most popular roles have been as a supporting actor or as a villain in films such as Thaayillamal Naan Illai (1979) and Athisaya Piravi (1990). He acted as a child artiste in films like Sampoorna Ramayanam and Missiamma.

Jai Ganesh was born as Aarumugam, sixth son to Kuppusamy and Chellamma.

He was reintroduced into the film industry by director K. Balachander in Aval Oru Thodar Kathai. From then on, he acted in many films as hero and also as character actor. Some of his famous films in 1970s are Neeya, Pilot Premnath, Vattathukkul Sathuram and Vanakathukuriya Kathaliyae& Azhage unnai Aradhikkiren.
Katharina Bergobzoomová
Katharina Bergobzoomová (born Katharina Leitner; 26 June 1755, Vienna – 18 June 1788, Prague) was an Austrian opera singer.

After the death of her parents, she was adopted by her eldest half-sister's husband, E. Schindler, director of the Viennese court porcelain factory. He arranged for her education and supported the beginnings of her singing career. She debuted in September 1770. Until 1777, she performed under the artistic pseudonym Katharina Schindler. In April 1777, she married theatre director Johann Baptist Bergobzoom and changed her name. They had eleven sons.

Bergobzoomová toured Europe between 1770 and 1788, performing at the Italian Vienna opera, the Duchy of Brunswick court theatre and the Estates Theatre in Prague. She was one of the first opera singers in Bohemia.

Estates Theatre
The Estates Theatre (in Czech: Stavovské divadlo) is a historic theatre in Prague, Czech Republic. The Estates Theatre was annexed to the National Theatre in 1948 and currently draws on three artistic ensembles, opera, ballet, and drama, which perform at the Estates Theatre, the National Theatre, and the Kolowrat Theatre (separate building, Kolowrat Palace).
Joggins Formation
The Joggins Formation is a geologic formation in Nova Scotia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Westphalian stage or Moscovian stage of the Upper Carboniferous period or Pennsylvanian period, including Hylonomus, the earliest known reptile. In addition to fossils, the Joggins Formation was a valuable source of coal from the 17th century until the mid-20th century.

The Joggins Formation's spectacular coastal exposure, the Joggins Fossil Cliffs at Coal Mine Point, was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008.

Maccan
Maccan is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Cumberland County.

The word Maccan is derived from the Mi'kmaq word 'Maakan' meaning a good place for fishing. It was a thriving coal mining, farming, railroad and river ship building community. Maccan was home of the famed Nova Scotia Intermediate baseball club, the Maccan Royals. Several books on the history of Maccan have been written. Copies are available at the Cumberland County Museum in Amherst, and in the Amherst Public Library.

Several historic figures were born in Maccan, including Jonathan McCully, Father of Confederation.
Pakistan–NATO relations
North Atlantic Treaty Organization—Pakistan relations are the military–to–military relations between Pakistan and the comprised 32-states military alliance, called NATO.

NATO has developed relations with a range of countries beyond the Euro-Atlantic area, considering Pakistan as "partners across the globe." Lobbied and with a support provided by United States Secretary of State, General (retired) Colin Powell, Pakistan is designated as a "Major non-NATO ally" as of 2004.

Cooperation between Pakistan and NATO has occurred in several main sectors: fighting insurgency and terrorism in Bosnia and Afghanistan, military cooperation, transportation and logistics operations support to Afghanistan, non-proliferation, and others. With the end of the war and China's strong influence in Pakistan, bilateral relations weakened.

Implementation Force
The Implementation Force (IFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peace enforcement force in Bosnia and Herzegovina under a one-year mandate from 20 December 1995 to 20 December 1996 under the codename Operation Joint Endeavour.
Fire Runner (roller coaster)
Fire Runner is a steel roller coaster at Lost Island Theme Park in Waterloo, Iowa. Fire Runner is a Raptor-model single-rail roller coaster manufactured by Rocky Mountain Construction.

Within the park's storyline, the Fire Runner event is the climax of the Cinder Festival, an Olympiad style event held by the Mura Clan that takes the form of a parkour race down the slopes of the volcano and lava fields of the realm and rooftops of parts of the village.

Waterloo, Iowa
Waterloo is a city in and the county seat of Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. It is the eighth-most populous city in Iowa, with a population of 67,314 at the 2020 census. Waterloo comprises a twin conurbation with neighboring municipality Cedar Falls, and is the larger of the two cities. The Waterloo – Cedar Falls metropolitan area has an estimated 170,000 residents.

Waterloo is a major manufacturing, commercial, and cultural center in Northeast Iowa. John Deere, a brand renowned for its tractors, engines, and other agricultural machinery, has been manufacturing its products in the city for over a century. Locally known as the “Factory City,” Waterloo has played a significant role in the production of these important agricultural tools. Waterloo is bisected by the Cedar River flowing southeastward.
Charles DeKay
Charles Augustus de Kay (July 25, 1848 – May 23, 1935) was a linguist, poet, critic, and fencer. He was a son of George Coleman De Kay, a naval officer.

He graduated from Yale College in 1868.

He was best known for founding the National Sculpture Society, the Authors' Club, the National Arts Club and the Fencers Club. He was inducted into the United States Fencing Hall of Fame in 2008. He was an art and literary critic for The New York Times for 18 years. He was a co-founder of the Circle of Friends of the Medallion.

He also wrote under the pseudonyms "Henry Eckford" and "Louis Barnaval".

In June 1894, he was nominated by Grover Cleveland to be Consul General at Berlin and took over the post shortly thereafter. In keeping with his lifelong love of fencing, he had the honor of opening the fencing club in Berlin while serving as Consul General.

He was buried in Saint George's Church Cemetery, Hempstead, New York.

United States Fencing Association
The United States Fencing Association (USFA) is the national governing body for the sport of fencing in the United States. The USFA was founded in 1891 as the Amateur Fencers League of America (AFLA) by a group of New York fencers seeking independence from the Amateur Athletic Union. The AFLA changed its name to the United States Fencing Association in 1981, and is also known as USA Fencing.

The USFA was incorporated as a non-profit corporation in Pennsylvania in 1964 and in Colorado in 1993, in compliance with the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act. It opened its national office at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado in August 1982. The national office moved from the Olympic Training Center to downtown Colorado Springs in 2002. The USFA's first full-time Executive Director was hired in 1983.

The USFA is affiliated with the  FIE, the international federation for fencing founded in Paris in 1913.
Esri grid
An Esri grid is a raster GIS file format developed by Esri, which has two formats:

A proprietary binary format, also known as an ARC/INFO GRID, ARC GRID and many other variations

A non-proprietary ASCII format, also known as an ARC/INFO ASCII GRID

The formats were introduced for ARC/INFO. The binary format is widely used within Esri programs, such as ArcGIS, while the ASCII format is used as an exchange, or export format, due to the simple and portable ASCII file structure.

The grid defines geographic space as an array of equally sized square grid points arranged in rows and columns. Each grid point stores a numeric value that represents a geographic attribute (such as elevation or surface slope) for that unit of space. Each grid cell is referenced by its x,y coordinate location.

ArcInfo
ArcInfo (formerly ARC/INFO) is a full-featured geographic information system produced by Esri, and is the highest level of licensing (and therefore functionality) in the ArcGIS Desktop product line. It was originally a command-line based system. The command-line processing abilities are now available through the GUI of the ArcGIS Desktop product.
Joseph Matheson
Joseph Matheson (May 7, 1833 – September 23, 1915) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Richmond County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1886 to 1897. He was a Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada for the Richmond riding from 1900 to 1904.

He was born in Grand River, Nova Scotia, the son of Scottish immigrants, and married Maria S., the daughter of Josiah Hooper, a former member of the Nova Scotia assembly, in 1864. Matheson was postmaster for Lower L'Ardoise from 1866 to 1886.

Richmond (Nova Scotia federal electoral district)
Richmond was a federal electoral district in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1917. It was created by the British North America Act, 1867. It consisted of the County of Richmond. A law to abolish the riding was passed to merge it with Cape Breton South into Cape Breton South and Richmond in 1914. This was duly carried out when the first elections were held with new boundaries and the new name in 1917.
Reboot (fiction)
In serial fiction, a reboot is a new start to an established fictional universe, work, or series. A reboot usually discards continuity to re-create its characters, plotlines and backstory from the beginning. It has been described as a way to "rebrand" or "restart an entertainment universe that has already been established".

Another definition of a reboot is a remake which is part of an established film series or other media franchise. The term has been criticized for being a vague and "confusing" "buzzword", and a neologism for remake, a concept which has been losing popularity since the 2010s. William Proctor proposes that there is a distinction between reboots, remakes and retcons.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Banaban language
Banaban was a little-attested extinct Micronesian language previously spoken on the island of Banaba.

Banaban was spoken by the Banaban people prior to the arrival of Captain Walkup of the American Mission Society in the 1890s. His attempts to promote Kiribati as opposed to Banaban because there existed a Kiribati translation of the Bible resulted in Banaban being replaced by Kiribati on the island. The Banaban people now speak a dialect of Kiribati with some words from the original Banaban language, according to Ethnologue.

It was mutually unintelligible with Kiribati.

Attested language
In linguistics, attested languages are languages (living or dead) that have been documented and for which the evidence ("attestation") has survived to the present day. Evidence may be recordings, transcriptions, literature or inscriptions. In contrast, unattested languages may be names of purported languages for which no direct evidence exists, languages for which all evidence has been lost, or hypothetical proto-languages proposed in linguistic reconstruction.

Within an attested language, particular word forms directly known to have been used (because they appear in the literature, inscriptions or documented speech) are called attested forms. They contrast with unattested forms, which are reconstructions hypothesised to have been used based on indirect evidence (such as etymological patterns). In linguistic texts, unattested forms are commonly marked with a preceding asterisk (*).
2022 Women's PGA Championship
The 2022 KPMG Women's PGA Championship was the 68th Women's PGA Championship, played June 23–26, 2022 at Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland. It was won by Chun In-gee with an aggregate of 283, five under par. She finished one stroke ahead of Lexi Thompson and Minjee Lee.

Minjee Lee
Minjee Lee (born 27 May 1996) is an Australian professional golfer from Perth. She became the number one ranked amateur golfer in February 2014 after winning the Oates Victorian Open, remaining number one until turning professional in September 2014. Lee has won three major championships – the 2021 Amundi Evian Championship, the 2022 U.S. Women's Open, and the 2025 Women's PGA Championship.
2006 Iraqi government formation
This article concerns the formation process of the Al Maliki I Government of Iraq in the aftermath of the Iraq National Assembly being elected on December 15, 2005. Due to disputes over alleged vote-rigging the results of the election were only certified by the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq on February 10, 2006.

Under the constitution of Iraq, the first meeting of the Assembly should have taken place by March 12, 2006, one month after certification of the election. The Assembly should have elected the Speaker in its first session, the President no more than fifteen days later, the Prime Minister no more than fifteen days after the President, and the Cabinet no more than thirty days after the Prime Minister.

If any of these deadlines were not met a new election should have been held.  However, similar deadlines have been missed before in Iraq — for example with the drafting of the constitution of Iraq — without the legal consequence occurring.

Islamic Virtue Party
The Islamic Virtue Party (Arabic حزب الفضيلة الإسلامي العراقي, romanized: Ḥizb al-Faḍīla al-Islāmiyya al-ʿIrāqi) is an Iraqi Shia political party.

After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the party was formed.

In the January 2005 parliamentary elections, the party won 28 seats in the Transitional National Assembly as part of the United Iraqi Alliance. It also gained representation in the provincial councils of Baghdad, Karbala, Najaf, Al-Qadisiyah, Maysan, Dhi Qar, Al-Muthanna, and Basra.
Halasal
Halasal is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka.

Halasal is a natural habitat for wildlife, including tigers, leopards, black panthers, elephants, gaur, deer, antelopes, and bears. Birds include the Indian spot-billed duck, pond heron, little egret, white-throated kingfisher, red-wattled lapwing, black-winged stilt, grey heron, eagle, bulbul, and wagtail. Some people visit Halasal to take part in jungle safaris.

Antarali Dagad or the "magic stone", a large stone resting on a small area, is a well-known tourist spot and popular for picnics.

Black-winged stilt
The black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) is a widely distributed, very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family Recurvirostridae. Its scientific name, Himantopus himantopus, is sometimes used to generalize a single, almost cosmopolitan species. Alternatively, it is restricted to the form that is widespread in Europe, Asia and Africa, which equals the nominate group of H. himantopus sensu lato. Meanwhile, the black-necked (H. mexicanus) and white-backed stilts (H. melanurus) both inhabit the Americas; the pied stilt (H. leucocephalus) ranges from Australia and New Zealand. Today, most sources accept between one and four actual species.
Palamutluk–Balya–Mancılık railway
The Palamutluk–Balya–Mancılık railway (Turkish: Palamutluk–Balya–Mancılık dekovil hattı) was a 97.5-kilometre (60.6 mi), horse-drawn, narrow-gauge railway in Balıkesir Province, western Turkey. The line used the Decauville system of portable track units and was built to link coal and lead mines to the coast for export. When completed the line ran from the lignite mine near Mancılık to the galena mines at Balya and then turned southwest to run through the village of Osmanlar to a terminus at Palamutluk. From Palamutluk, ore could be carried via road on horse carts to wharfs on the Gulf of Edremit. In 1923, the Palamutluk–Balya railway was linked to the Ilıca–Palamutluk railway, which replaced horse carts in transporting the ore to the coast.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
Isoflupredone
Isoflupredone, also known as deltafludrocortisone and 9α-fluoroprednisolone, is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid which was never marketed.

Its acetate ester, isoflupredone acetate, is used in veterinary medicine.

Acetate
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic, or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O−2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminium, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH3CO−2, or CH3COO−.

Most of the approximately 5 million tonnes of acetic acid produced annually in industry are used in the production of acetates, which usually take the form of polymers. In nature, acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis.
Collocation extraction
Collocation extraction is the task of using a computer to extract collocations automatically from a corpus.

The traditional method of performing collocation extraction is to find a formula based on the statistical quantities of those words to calculate a score associated to every word pairs. Proposed formulas are mutual information, t-test, z test, chi-squared test and likelihood ratio.

Within the area of corpus linguistics, collocation is defined as a sequence of words or terms which co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. 'Crystal clear', 'middle management', 'nuclear family', and 'cosmetic surgery' are examples of collocated pairs of words. Some words are often found together because they make up a compound noun, for example 'riding boots' or 'motor cyclist' or ‘collocation extraction’ its very self.

English compound
A compound is a word composed of more than one free morpheme.  The English language, like many others, uses compounds frequently. English compounds may be classified in several ways, such as the word classes or the semantic relationship of their components.
Ocean Monarch
Ocean Monarch is the name of a number of ships.

Ocean Monarch (barque), a barque that caught fire in 1848 with the loss of nearly 180 lives

SS Ocean Monarch (1904), Russell and Co., Port Glasgow.

SS Ocean Monarch (1950), a Furness, Withy ship

SS Ocean Monarch (1956), a Shaw, Savill & Albion ship

Ocean Monarch (1955), the previous name of the cruise ship Princess Daphne

SS Ocean Monarch (1950)
Ocean Monarch was a passenger steamship that was built by Vickers-Armstrongs in 1950. She served with Furness Bermuda Line for fifteen years, then with a Bulgarian company for three years, renamed Varna. She spent much of the 1970s laid up and was renamed Venus and then Riviera. In the early 1980s, she was renamed Reina del Mar and refitted for further use as a cruise ship, but a fire gutted her; and she was scuttled on 1 June 1981 after another fire broke out.
Bobbara, New South Wales
Bobbara, New South Wales is a rural locality just off the Burley Griffin Way in south New South Wales.

Bobbara is in Hilltops Council between the village of Binalong. and Harden, New South Wales. Bobbara is about 80 km from Canberra. Bobbara, is also outside of Yass, New South Wales, just off the Hume Highway and the Sydney to Melbourne Railway Line.

Bobbara, New South Wales is also a Parish cadastral parish of Harden County New South Wales.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.