hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Private equity in the 1990s
Private equity in the 1990s relates to one of the major periods in the history of private equity and venture capital.  Within the broader private equity industry, two distinct sub-industries, leveraged buyouts and venture capital, experienced growth along parallel although interrelated tracks.

The development of the private equity and venture capital asset classes has occurred through a series of boom and bust cycles since the middle of the 20th century.  Private equity emerged in the 1990s out of the ashes of the savings and loan crisis, the insider trading scandals, the real estate market collapse and the recession of the early 1990s which had culminated in the collapse of Drexel Burnham Lambert and had caused the shutdown of the high-yield debt market.  This period saw the emergence of more institutionalized private equity firms, ultimately culminating in the massive Dot-com bubble in 1999 and 2000.

HM Capital Partners
HM Capital Partners was a private equity firm in the United States that specialized in leveraged buyouts. The firm was previously known as Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst. It was founded in 1989 by Tom Hicks and John Muse as Hicks, Muse & Co. and was changed in 1994 to reflect the roles of Charles Tate and Jack Furst.
Caxton Press (New Zealand)
Caxton Press is a printing company founded in 1935 in a partnership between Denis Glover and John Drew.  The press printed the work of many New Zealand writers who have since become familiar names in New Zealand literature, and from 1947 to 1992 was the printer of Landfall, New Zealand's longest-running literary journal. As of 2023 the press is focussed on commercial printing.

Charles Brasch
Charles Orwell Brasch (27 July 1909 – 20 May 1973) was a New Zealand poet, literary editor and arts patron. He was the founding editor of the literary journal Landfall, and through his 20 years of editing the journal, had a significant impact on the development of a literary and artistic culture in New Zealand. His poetry continues to be published in anthologies today, and he provided substantial philanthropic support to the arts in New Zealand, including by establishing the Robert Burns Fellowship, the Frances Hodgkins Fellowship and the Mozart Fellowship at the University of Otago, by providing financial support to New Zealand writers and artists during his lifetime, and by bequeathing his extensive collection of books and artwork in his will to the Hocken Library and the University of Otago.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New Jersey
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New Jersey refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in New Jersey.

Official church membership as a percentage of general population was 0.37% in 2014, making New Jersey the lowest percentage of LDS members as a percentage of the population within the United States. According to the 2014 Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey, less than 1% of New Jersey residents self-identify themselves most closely with the LDS Church.

Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research, and panel based surveys,  media content analysis, and other empirical social science research.

The Pew Research Center states it does not take policy stances. It is a subsidiary of the Pew Charitable Trusts and a charter member of the American Association of Public Opinion Research's Transparency Initiative.
McIlrath
McIlrath is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dylan McIlrath (born 1992), Canadian ice hockey player

Patricia McIlrath (1917–1999), American educator and theatre director

Tim McIlrath (born 1978), American punk rock musician

Tim McIlrath
Timothy James McIlrath (born November 3, 1978) is an American rock musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter and co-founder of the punk rock band Rise Against. He is vegetarian and straight edge.
ALCO S-5
The Alco S-5 (DL 421A) was a diesel-electric switcher locomotive rated at 800 horsepower (600 kW), that rode on two-axle trucks, having a B-B wheel arrangement.

This was Alco's second attempt to build a replacement 251-engined switcher to replace the 539-engined S-3 and S-4. Only seven were sold. The demonstrator unit was ALCO specification DL421 and the six production units were ALCO specification DL421A. Alco fitted the 251A engine in its replacement, the S-6 with power output raised by 100 horsepower (75 kW).

Bogie
A bogie (/ˈboʊɡi/ BOH-ghee) (or truck in North American English) comprises two or more wheelsets (two wheels on an axle), in a frame, attached under a vehicle by a pivot. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached (as on many railroad cars and semi-trailers) or be quickly detachable (as for a dolly in a road train or in railway bogie exchange). It may include suspension components within it (as most rail and trucking bogies do), or be solid and in turn be suspended (as are most bogies of tracked vehicles). It may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung (as in the landing gear of an airliner), or held in place by other means (centreless bogies).

Although bogie is the preferred spelling and first-listed variant in various dictionaries, bogey and bogy are also used.
Sapsford
Sapsford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Danny Sapsford (born 1969), English tennis player

George Sapsford (1896–1970), English footballer

Paul Sapsford (1949–2009), New Zealand rugby player

Roland Sapsford, New Zealand politician

Tom Sapsford (born 1975), British ballet dancer and choreographer

Danny Sapsford
Danny Sapsford (born 3 April 1969) is a former professional tennis player from Great Britain, who turned professional in 1989. He won one doubles title (1996, Nottingham) during his career. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 15 April 1996, when he became World No. 170. In 1999, he reached the third round of Wimbledon Championships, defeating Julián Alonso and Galo Blanco before losing to then world number one Pete Sampras in straight sets. This was Sapsford's last singles match as a  professional. After retiring, Sapsford became a tennis coach, and runs a tennis charity.
Sedrun railway station
Sedrun railway station is a metre gauge railway station serving the village of Sedrun, in the Canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.  The station is at the eastern end of the Oberalp Pass.  It forms part of the Furka Oberalp Bahn (FO), which connects Brig in Valais, via Andermatt in Uri, with Göschenen, Uri, and, via the Oberalp Pass, with Sedrun and Disentis/Mustér, Graubünden.

Since 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01), the FO has been owned and operated by the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB), following a merger between the FO and the Brig-Visp-Zermatt railway (BVZ).

Brig railway station
Brig railway station is an important railway junction in the municipality of Brig-Glis (French: Brigue-Glis), in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland. Opened in 1878, it is adjacent to the northern portal of the Simplon Tunnel and is served by two standard gauge lines. Another two metre gauge lines serve the physically adjacent Brig Bahnhofplatz railway station.
Shirin Sharipov
Shirin Sharipov (born 18 December 1989) is an Uzbekistani Paralympic judoka. He represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and won the bronze medal in the men's 100 kg event.

He also won the gold medal in the men's +100 kg event at the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games in Baku, Azerbaijan and the men's +100 kg event at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta, Indonesia.

2017 Islamic Solidarity Games
The 4th Islamic Solidarity Games (Azerbaijani: 2017 IV İslam Həmrəyliyi Oyunları) was a multinational, multi-sport event that was held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from May 12 to 22, 2017. Previously, the event was held in Saudi Arabia in 2005 and Indonesia in 2013. The second event, originally scheduled to take place in October 2009 in Iran, was later rescheduled but then cancelled.

The Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF) is responsible for the direction and control of the Islamic Solidarity Games.
UOB Plaza
United Overseas Bank Plaza (UOB Plaza) is a commercial complex that consists of twin tower late-modernist skyscrapers in Singapore. At completion, UOB Plaza One was one of the three tallest in the country, sharing the title with the OUB Centre and Republic Plaza; it is now the second tallest since the completion of Tanjong Pagar Centre (Guoco Tower) in 2016. The building was designed by Kenzo Tange, who was commissioned to undertake several large-scale projects in Singapore in the 1980s, including the adjacent OUB Centre.

UOB Plaza Two is a shorter and older building that was completed in 1973 and later renovated in 1995 with a similar facade as UOB Plaza One. Both buildings are connected by a 45 m (148 ft) podium supported by four columns. The podium houses the banking hall of the United Overseas Bank's (UOB) main branch. The building was opened by then Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew on 6 August 1995 which was 60 years after the founding of UOB.

Senior Minister of Singapore
Senior Minister of Singapore is a position in the Cabinet of Singapore. Holders of this office have previously served as either the prime minister or the deputy prime minister. Among the executive branch officeholders in the order of precedence, the position ranks after the prime minister and the deputy prime minister. Senior Ministers also serve as part of the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and work at the Istana.
1972 US Open – Men's singles
Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(1–5), 6–4, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1972 US Open. It was his first major singles title, becoming the first Romanian to win a singles major.

Stan Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Ashe.

This marked the last major appearance of 12-time singles major champion Roy Emerson, who lost in the first round to Fred Stolle.

Fred Stolle
Frederick Sydney Stolle, AO (8 October 1938 – 5 March 2025) was an Australian amateur world No. 1 tennis player and commentator. He was born in Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia. He was the father of former Australian Davis Cup player Sandon Stolle.
Great Alne
Great Alne is a small village in Warwickshire, England, 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Stratford-upon-Avon, 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of Alcester and 15 miles (24 km) from Warwick, on the road to Wootton Wawen. It takes its name from the River Alne and was first chronicled in the charter of King Ethelbald (723–737). In 1969 Warwickshire County Council designated part of Great Alne as a Conservation Area, including most of the village east of the Memorial Hall and twelve listed buildings of local architectural and historical value. At the 2001 Census the population was 587.

Warwickshire County Council
Warwickshire County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Warwickshire in England. Its headquarters are at Shire Hall in the centre of Warwick, the county town. The council's principal functions are county roads and rights of way, social services, education and libraries, but it also provides numerous other local government services in its area. The council has been under no overall control since the 2025 election, being run by a Reform UK minority administration.
Women's professional wrestling
Professional wrestling is a dramatic enactment of wrestling as a spectator sport. As is the norm for this sport, women's professional wrestling is organized by wrestling federations called promotions. Some promotions are exclusively for women, while others have separate divisions for women. Among the nations that have women's professional wrestling are Australia, Bolivia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Madison Eagles
Alexandra Ford (born 5 June 1984) is an Australian professional wrestler, better known by her ring name Madison Eagles. She has wrestled internationally in Australia, the United States, Canada and Japan, and is a former two-time Shimmer Champion. She was ranked by Pro Wrestling Illustrated as the number one female wrestler in the PWI Female 50 in 2011; as of 2022, she is one of two women to win the award without ever competing for a major promotion (WWE, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) or All Elite Wrestling (AEW)).
George Sekul
Stephen George Sekul (October 5, 1937 – January 4, 2021) was an American junior college football coach. He was the head football coach for Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College from 1966 to 1991, winning national championships in 1971 and 1984. He played college football for Perkinston and Mississippi Southern primarily as a quarterback.

Southern Miss Golden Eagles football
The Southern Miss Golden Eagles football program represents the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. They play college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The Eagles are currently members of the Sun Belt Conference and play their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Rob Parker (Canadian politician)
Rob Parker (January 18, 1943 – March 17, 2016) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a broadcaster, businessman and journalist by career.

He was elected to the 30th Canadian Parliament at the Eglinton riding in a by-election on 16 October 1978. In the 1979 election, Parker was defeated at the Eglinton—Lawrence riding by Roland de Corneille of the Liberal party. He made another unsuccessful attempt to unseat de Corneille there in the 1980 election.

In 2007, Parker was living in the Lake Chapala region of Mexico, active with the Canadian expatriate community there.

Lake Chapala
Lake Chapala (Spanish: Lago de Chapala, [tʃaˈpala] ⓘ) has been Mexico's largest freshwater lake since the desiccation of Lake Texcoco in the early 17th century.

It borders both the states of Jalisco and Michoacán, being located within the municipalities of Ocotlán, Chapala, Jocotepec, Poncitlán, and Jamay, in Jalisco, and in Venustiano Carranza and Cojumatlán de Régules, in Michoacán.
2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline
2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) is an oxazoline which is used particularly as a monomer for the cationic ring-opening polymerization to poly(2-alkyloxazoline)s. This type of polymers are under investigation as readily water-soluble and biocompatible materials for biomedical applications.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Racing NSW
Racing New South Wales, or Racing NSW, is a body corporate established under section 4 of the Thoroughbred Racing Act 1996 (NSW) to control, supervise and regulate thoroughbred horse racing in the State of New South Wales.

Racing NSW provides funding derived from wagering revenue. Racing NSW's initiatives have reported more than $3 billion of additional funding for the NSW Thoroughbred Racing Industry, with these initiatives now generating recurring income of over $300 million annually.

Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or legal entity that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. The reason for the term "legal person" is that some legal persons are not human persons: companies and corporations (i.e., business entities) are persons, legally speaking (they can legally do most of the things an ordinary person can do), but they are not, in a literal sense, human beings.

Legal personhood is a prerequisite to legal capacity (the ability of any legal person to amend – i.e. enter into, transfer, etc. – rights and obligations): it is a prerequisite for an international organization being able to sign international treaties in its own name.
Scott R. Van Buskirk
Vice Admiral Scott Ray Van Buskirk, is a retired United States Navy officer who was the 56th Chief of Naval Personnel. He served as the CNP from October 2011 to August 2013. He was succeeded by Vice Admiral William F. Moran and retired after 34 years of service. He is one of only two submarine officers to have commanded a carrier strike group.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
No-Rin
No-Rin (Japanese: のうりん, Hepburn: Nōrin; lit. "Agriculture and Forestry") is a Japanese light novel series written by Shirow Shiratori, with illustrations by Kippu. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Silver Link aired from January to March 2014. Funimation streamed the series on their video website.

Kana Hanazawa
Kana Hanazawa (花澤 香菜, Hanazawa Kana; born February 25, 1989) is a Japanese actress and singer. A prolific voice performer in anime, she has amassed several film and television credits since her debut in 2003. She won the Seiyu Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2015, and won the Newtype Anime Awards for Best Voice Actress three times in 2015, 2017 and 2018.

Her debut single, "Hoshizora Destination" (星空☆ディスティネーション), was released on April 25, 2012, under the Aniplex/Sony Music Entertainment Japan label.
Appleton spotlight
Appleton spotlights, or simply Appletons, were a common feature in early automobiles, up to the muscle car era. The bullet-shaped spotlights (usually installed in pairs) included a handle which was mounted through the side window pillar of the cab (just above the hood) into the interior of the vehicle. This allowed an occupant to maneuver the direction or focus of the spotlight beam with a simple twisting motion. Appleton spotlights, marked with an embossed oval around the brand name, Appleton, were often found on pre-1960 vehicles (especially on service vehicles—police, armed forces, mail vehicles, etc.), but were also an often-added, after-market automobile accessory. They became so popular during the 1940s and 1950s for custom car enthusiasts, that "dummy" spots were commonly installed.

Custom car
A custom car is a passenger vehicle that has been altered to improve its performance, change its aesthetics, or both. Some automotive enthusiasts in the United States want to push "styling and performance a step beyond the showroom floor - to truly craft an automobile of one's own." A custom car in British usage, according to Collins English Dictionary, is built to the buyer's own specifications.

Custom cars are not to be confused with coachbuilt automobiles, historically rolling chassis fitted with luxury bodywork by specialty auto body builders.
Sebastian Roloff
Sebastian Roloff (born 28 January 1983) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since October 2021, representing the constituency of Munich south.

IG Metall
IG Metall (German: [iːɡeː meˈtal] ⓘ; IGM; German: Industriegewerkschaft Metall, "Industrial Union of Metalworkers'") is the dominant metalworkers' union in Germany, making it the country's largest union as well as Europe's largest industrial union. Analysts of German labor relations consider it a major trend-setter in national bargaining.

IG Metall and ver.di together account for around 15 percent of the German workforce, and other sectors tend to broadly follow their agreements.
Connecticut Central Railroad (1987)
The Connecticut Central Railroad (reporting mark CCCL) was a short-line railroad in the Middletown, Connecticut, area from 1987 to 1998. It was formed to operate Conrail trackage in the area that was slated for abandonment. The Connecticut Central Railroad was purchased by the Providence and Worcester Railroad in 1998, which has operated its lines since.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Reichert value
The Reichert value (also Reichert-Meissl number, Reichert-Meissl-Wollny value or Reichert-Meissl-Wollny number) is a value determined when examining fats and oils. The Reichert value is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from a particular fat or oil through saponification. It is equal to the number of millilitres of 0.1 normal hydroxide solution necessary for the neutralization of the water-soluble volatile fatty acids distilled and filtered from 5 grams of a given saponified fat. (The hydroxide solution used in such a titration is typically made from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide.)

This number is a useful indicator of non-fat compounds in edible fats, and is especially high in butter.

The value is named for the chemists who developed it, Emil Reichert and Emerich Meissl.

The Polenske value and Kirschner value are related numbers based on similar tests.
The Reichert-Meissel value for milk ranges between 28.5 and 33.

Barium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2.  The monohydrate (x = 1), known as baryta or baryta-water, is one of the principal compounds of barium. This white granular monohydrate is the usual commercial form.
Vincent Auriol
Vincent Jules Auriol (French: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ oʁjɔl]; 27 August 1884 – 1 January 1966) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1947 to 1954. A member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), he was the first president elected under the Fourth Republic. His presidential term was marked by the Indochina War, the implementation of the Monnet Plan for modernisation, as well as France joining the Council of Europe and NATO as a founding member.

First elected to the Chamber of Deputies from Haute-Garonne in 1914, Auriol served in government under the Third Republic as Minister of Finance (1936–1937) and Minister of Justice (1937–1938).

Monnet Plan
This article deals with the 1946–50 plan of the immediate post-war period. For the Monnet plan of 1950, see European Coal and Steel Community.

Faced with the challenge of reconstruction after World War II, France implemented the Modernization and Re-equipment Plan, which was designed to spur economic recovery.: 38  This plan is commonly known as the “Monnet Plan” after Jean Monnet, the chief advocate and first head of the General Planning Commission (Le Commissariat général du Plan).: 98

The Monnet Plan emphasized expansion, modernization, efficiency, and modern management practice.: 280  It set investment targets, and allocated investment funds.: 280  : 38  The plan’s process – focusing, prioritizing, and pointing the way – has been called “indicative planning” to differentiate it from highly directive and rigid Soviet-style central planning.: 29–32