hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maria Smith-Falkner
Maria Natanovna Smith-Falkner (Russian: Мария Натановна Смит-Фалькнер; 16 February [O.S. 4 February] 1878, Taganrog – 7 March 1968, Moscow) was a Soviet economist, statistician and a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union from 1939 onward. She was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, having joined the Mensheviks in 1918.

Taganrog
Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог, IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population: 245,120 (2021 census); 257,681 (2010 census); 281,947 (2002 census); 291,622 (1989 Soviet census).

Located at the site of an ancient Greek and medieval Italian colony, modern Taganrog was founded in 1698. Contested by various factions during World War I and the Russian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital in 1918.
1995 Corpus Christi shooting
On April 3, 1995, a mass shooting occurred at the Walter Rossler Co., a refinery inspection company in Corpus Christi, Texas, United States. 28-year-old former employee James Simpson (who had quit a year prior), armed with a 9mm semi-automatic handgun & a .32-caliber revolver, killed five people before committing suicide.

As of 2025, it remains the worst mass shooting in the history of Corpus Christi.

9×19mm Parabellum
The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge.

Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive availability.

Since the cartridge was designed for the Luger semi-automatic pistol, it has been given the designation of 9mm Luger by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) and the Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (CIP).

A 2007 US survey concluded that "about 60 percent of the firearms in use by police are 9mm [Parabellum]" and credited 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers.
Adult learner
An adult learner—or, more commonly, a mature student or mature-age student—is a person who is older and is involved in forms of learning. Adult learners fall in a specific criterion of being experienced, and do not always have a high school diploma. Many adult learners go back to school to finish a degree, or earn a new one.

Malcolm Knowles's work distinguished adult learners as distinct from adolescent and child learners in his principle of andragogy. He established 5 assumptions about the adult learner. This included self-concept, adult learner experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learning.

Andragogy
Andragogy refers to methods and principles used in adult education. The word comes from the Greek ἀνδρ- (andr-), meaning "adult male", and ἀγωγός (agogos), meaning "leader of". Therefore, andragogy literally means "leading men (adult males)", whereas "pedagogy" literally means "leading children".
Lorenzo Squinobal
Lorenzo Squinobal (born 15 January 1951) from Gressoney-Saint-Jean is an Italian mountain climber, mountain guide  and ski mountaineer.

Together with his brothers Oreste and Arturo, he placed first in the mountain guides team category in the 1975 Trofeo Mezzalama edition, which was carried out as the first World Championship of Skimountaineering. Together with Arturo and Danilo Barell he also won the 1978 Trofeo Mezzalama in the same category.

Mezzalama Trophy
The Mezzalama Trophy (Italian: Trofeo Mezzalama, French: Trophée Mezzalama, a.k.a. white marathon) is an Italian high altitude ski mountaineering competition in upper Valtournenche and Ayas valleys, in Aosta Valley.

The Mezzalama Trophy, which belongs to the "big three of ski mountaineering" (French: les grandes trois de ski de montagne) besides the two other best-known and classical ski mountaineering events, the Patrouille des Glaciers and the Pierra Menta, is the highest alpine ski mountaineering competition of the world. The event in the Monte Rosa's massif was named in honor of the mountain guide Ottorino Mezzalama.

The Mezzalama Trophy is a stage of La Grande Course that includes the most important ski mountaineering competitions of the season.
The Dark Dice
The Dark Dice (Thai: เกมทอยทะลุมิติ; Kem Thoi Thalu Miti, lit. Game [of] Rolling Pierce Through Dimension) is a 2025 Thai science fiction thriller drama television series, starring Norawit Titicharoenrak (Gemini), Chanikarn Tangkabodee (Prim), Nannaphas Loetnamchoetsakun (Mewnich), Ochiris Suwanacheep (Aungpao), Poon Mitpakdee, Teepakron Kwanboon (Prom), Teshow Promsakha Na Sakonnakhon and Nichapa Praepeerakul (Mymé).

Directed by Krisada Kanivichaporn (Keith) and produced by GMMTV and Parbdee Taweesuk, the series premiered on GMM25 and Viu on 10 September 2025, airing Wednesdays at 20:30 ICT and 22:30 ICT, respectively. The series concluded on 29 October 2025.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Jagtai Choudhury Bari
Jagtai Choudhury Bari (Bengali: জগতাই চৌধুরী বাড়ি) is the residential house of the erstwhile zamindar family based in Jagtai of Murshidabad district in West Bengal, India. The Choudhury estate was established by Rani Gaurangini Devi in the 18th century in British-occupied India. The first zamindar of this family was Babu Keshto Mohun Choudhury. The last zamindar of Jagtai was Shri Sailendranath Choudhury until the effective abolition of the zamindari in 1955 under the  West Bengal Estates Acquisition Act of 1953.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
Vicki Keith
Dr. Vicki Keith Munro, CM, O.Ont, LLD, ChPC (born 26 February 1961 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired marathon swimmer, coach and advocate for disabled athletes. Her accomplishments include the first crossing of all five Great Lakes, a 100-hour swim and the world record distance of 80.2 kilometers swum using the butterfly stroke. Many people consider Keith as the face of marathon swimming.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
Elliot Wolff
Elliot Marvin Wolff (January 29, 1956 – June 7 or 25, 2016) was an American musician, songwriter, and music producer. Born in Oklahoma, he was raised in Silver Spring, Maryland.  His music catalog is represented by Downtown Music Publishing.

A'Me Lorain
A'me Lorain (born Amy Trujillo on May 11, 1967, in Simi Valley, California) is an American singer who fronted The Family Affair.

A'me Lorain & The Family Affair released one album on RCA Records in 1989, titled Starring In...Standing in a Monkey Sea. A 1990 single, "Whole Wide World", was a dance hit in the United States, peaking at #9 on the Hot Dance Play chart and #37 on the Hot Dance Maxi Singles chart. The song also crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #9, and appeared on the soundtrack to the film True Love. The funk band was a true "family affair" with her brother Freddy Trujillo  on bass and her then-husband Victor Indrizzo playing guitar and drums.

As of 2011, A'me was working on new dance material for an independent label.
Chen Yi-hsiung
Chen Yi-hsiung (died 29 March 2004) was the prime suspect in the March 19 shooting incident, a failed attempt to assassinate the president of Taiwan Chen Shui-bian, and perhaps vice president Annette Lu, on 19 March 2004, one day prior to the 2004 presidential election. Chen was unemployed and blamed the president for his economic woes.

Vice President of the Republic of China
The vice president of the Republic of China, commonly referred to as the vice president of Taiwan, is the second-highest constitutional office of the government in Taiwan, after the president, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession.
Jan Zamoyski
Jan Sariusz Zamoyski (Latin: Ioannes Zamoyski de Zamoscie; 19 March 1542 – 3 June 1605) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, statesman and the 1st ordynat of Zamość. He served as the Royal Secretary from 1565, Deputy Chancellor from 1576, Grand Chancellor of the Crown from 1578, and Great Hetman of the Crown from 1581.

Zamoyski was the General Starost of the city of Kraków from 1580 to 1585, Starost of Bełz, Międzyrzecz, Krzeszów, Knyszyn and Tartu. An important advisor to Kings Sigismund II Augustus and Stephen Báthory, he was one of the major opponents of Bathory's successor, Sigismund III Vasa, and one of the most skilled diplomats, politicians and statesmen of his time, standing as a major figure in the politics of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth throughout his life.

Międzyrzecz
Międzyrzecz (Polish pronunciation: [mʲɛnˈd͡zɨʐɛt͡ʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Meserici, German: Meseritz, Yiddish: מעזריטש, romanized: Mezrits) is a town in western Poland, on the Obra and Paklica river, with 17,667 inhabitants (2020). The capital of Gmina Międzyrzecz and Międzyrzecz County in Lubusz Voivodeship.

Founded in the 9th century, Międzyrzecz is a former royal city of Poland. It contains heritage in various styles, including Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassical, including a medieval Royal Castle, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. During World War II, it was the site of German Nazi atrocities in which more than 10,000 people were killed.
MirrorLink
MirrorLink is a device interoperability standard that offers integration between a smartphone and a car's infotainment system.

It transforms smartphones into automotive application platforms where apps are hosted and run on the smartphone while drivers and passengers interact with them through the steering wheel controls, dashboard buttons and touch screens of their car's In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) system. MirrorLink utilizes a set of well-established, non-proprietary technologies such as IP, USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Real-Time Protocol (RTP, for audio) and Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). In addition, MirrorLink uses Virtual Network Computing (VNC) as the baseline protocol to display the user interface of the smartphone applications on the infotainment system screens and to communicate user input back to the mobile device.

In-car entertainment
In-car entertainment (ICE) or in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) is a collection of hardware and software in automobiles that provides audio or video entertainment. In-car entertainment originated with vehicle audio systems that consisted of radios and tape cassette or CD players and now includes automotive navigation systems, video players, USB and Bluetooth connectivity, carputers, in-car Internet, and Wi-Fi. Once controlled by simple dashboard knobs and dials, ICE systems can include steering wheel audio controls, handsfree voice control, touch-sensitive preset buttons, and a touchscreen. Some systems have rearview cameras and side cameras for better safety.
Jalirpar
Jalirpar is a Village and a Union too under Muksudpur Upazila, Gopalganj established in 1634.

The Bil Rout Canal travels through the village of Jalirpar on its way to the Padma River.

Non-governmental organizations operating in Jalirpar include BDAO (the Bangladesh Development Acceleration Organisation), BRAC, CCDB, ASA, World Vision, and HCCB.

Padma River
The Padma (Bengali: পদ্মা, romanized: Pôdmā) is a major river in Bangladesh. It is the eastern and main distributary of the Ganges, flowing generally southeast for 356 kilometres (221 mi) to its confluence with the Meghna River, near the Bay of Bengal. The city of Rajshahi is situated on the banks of the river. Since 1966, over 66,000 hectares of land have been lost to erosion of the Padma.
Anthurium veitchii
Anthurium veitchii, the king anthurium, is a species of epiphytic flowering plant in the family Araceae. It is endemic to Colombia. It is grown in more temperate climates as a greenhouse or houseplant for its large, pendulous leaves that can be several feet long.

The Latin specific epithet veitchii refers to a longstanding group of plant nurseries based in Exeter, UK, originated by John Veitch.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Artúr Coray
Artúr Balthazár Coray (16 July 1881 in Budapest – 27 February 1909 in Muralto) was a Hungarian track and field athlete who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

Coray competed in the shot put event. He placed seventh with a best throw of 11.13 metres. In the discus throw competition, Coray placed eleventh with a best throw of 31.00 metres.

He gave up sports in 1905 due to pulmonary disease and died in 1909.

Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put
The men's shot put was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 14 and July 15, 1900. 11 shot putters from five nations competed. The event was won by Richard Sheldon of the United States, the nation's second consecutive victory in the men's shot put. Josiah McCracken took silver and Robert Garrett took bronze (the first man to win two medals in the event, after gold in 1896), completing an American medal sweep.

The winning margin was 1.25 metres.  As of 2023, this is the only time the men's shot put has been won by more than one metre at the Olympics.
Red River campaign order of battle: Union
The following is the organization of the Union forces engaged in the Red River campaign, during the American Civil War in 1864. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.

William B. Franklin
William Buel Franklin (February 27, 1823 – March 8, 1903) was a career United States Army officer and a Union Army general in the American Civil War. He rose to the rank of a corps commander in the Army of the Potomac, fighting in several notable battles in the eastern theater of the American Civil War. He also distinguished himself as a civil engineer before and after the war.
Nikos Bozionelos
Nikos Bozionelos is a Greek-British academic in the area of Business Psychology. His early career contributions included a report on physical features and promotion rates of managers. Later contributions included establishment of the notion of prevalence rates for computer anxiety and demonstration of the digital divide.

His name is nowadays mostly associated with research in careers. As of 2023, he is a professor at Emlyon Business School, having previously been a professor at Durham Business School and Audencia Business School.

Digital divide
The digital divide is unequal access to and effective use of digital technology, encompassing four interrelated dimensions: motivational, material, skills, and usage access.

The digital divide worsens inequality in access to information and resources. In the Information Age, people without access to the Internet and other technology are at a disadvantage, for they are less able to connect with others, find and apply for jobs, shop, and learn.

People living in poverty, in insecure housing or who are homeless, elderly people, and those living in rural communities may have limited access to the Internet; in contrast, urban middle class people have easy access to the Internet. Another divide is between producers and consumers of Internet content, which could be a result of educational disparities. While social media use varies across age groups, a US 2010 study reported no racial divide.
Alberto Ohaco
Alberto Ohaco (12 January 1889 – 8 March 1950) was an Argentine footballer who played for Racing Club de Avellaneda. He won seven league titles and is considered to have been one of the greatest Argentine men's footballers of all time.

Ohaco, whose father was one of the founding members of Racing Club, became one of the club's greatest players. He is one of the most winning players in Racing Club's history, having won a total of 20 titles with the club, including seven consecutive Primera División championships between 1913 and 1919. He was also the top scorer four times in the Argentine league between 1912 and 1915. In Primera División, Ohaco scored 142 goals in 190 for Racing between 1911 and 1921.

Ohaco played for the Argentina national team between 1912 and 1918, playing in the first two editions of the Copa América in 1916 and 1917.

1917 South American Championship
The 1917 South American Championship of Nations was the second edition of the continental tournament now known as the Copa América. It was held in Montevideo, Uruguay from 30 September to 14 October 1917. Hosts Uruguay retained the title after winning 1–0 over Argentina in the last match of the competition. Ángel Romano from Uruguay finished as the top scorer of the tournament with 4 goals.
William Lee (inventor)
William Lee (1563–1614) was an English inventor and alleged clergyman who invented the stocking frame knitting machine. Framework knitting, as the use of Lee's machine in stocking production was called, was the first major stage in the mechanisation of the textile industry, a process that 200 years later precipitated the Industrial Revolution.

Knitting machine
A knitting machine is a device used to create knitted fabrics in a semi or fully automated fashion. There are numerous types of knitting machines, ranging from simple spool or board templates with no moving parts to highly complex mechanisms controlled by electronics. All, however, produce various types of knitted fabrics, usually either flat or tubular, and of varying degrees of complexity. Pattern stitches can be selected by hand manipulation of the needles, push-buttons and dials, mechanical punch cards, or electronic pattern reading devices and computers.
Kidd Kraddick
David Peter Cradick (August 22, 1959 – July 27, 2013) was an American radio host and television personality, known as Kidd Kraddick. His nationally syndicated morning radio show, The Kidd Kraddick Morning Show, is based in  Irving, Texas, and aired throughout the United States, syndicated by Kraddick's company, YEA Media Group. He was also seen on the nationally syndicated Dish Nation television show weeknights around the United States.

Irving, Texas
Irving is a city in Dallas County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Mid-Cities region of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and is an inner city suburb of Dallas.  The city had a population of 256,684 according to the 2020 United States census, making it the twelfth-most populous city in Texas, and the 90th most populous in the U.S. Irving includes the Las Colinas mixed-use master-planned community and part of the Dallas Fort Worth International Airport.
Mombo, Tanzania
Mombo is one of the 20 wards of the Korogwe District, Tanga Region, Tanzania.

The streets of Mombo; Marembwe, Majengo Mapya, Majengo Kati ya Zamani, Machinjioni, Mawenzi, Fune, Mawasiliano, Nyuma ya Bank, Mwisho wa Shamba, Ndulu A, Ndulu B, JBG, Masimbani, Mafuriko, Hospital, Misajini, Jitengeni, Minarani, Makorakanga, Becco, Stesheni, Sandali

Tanga Region
Tanga Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Tanga) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 26,667 km2 (10,296 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Burundi. The regional capital is the municipality of Tanga city. Located in northeast Tanzania, the region is bordered by Kenya and Kilimanjaro Region to the north; Manyara Region to the west; and Morogoro and Pwani Regions to the south. It has a coastline to the east with the Indian Ocean. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,615,597.
Barbora Piešová
Barbora Piešová (born 26 June 2000) is a Slovak singer who won 6th season of the Czech&Slovak SuperStar, a local itineration of the Idol franchise singing competition. She finished third in the 2021 edition of the show Tvoja tvár znie povedome.

Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 6
Česko Slovenská SuperStar (English: Czech&Slovak SuperStar) is the joint Czech-Slovak version of Idol series' Pop Idol merged from Česko hledá SuperStar and Slovensko hľadá SuperStar which previous to that had three individual seasons each.
The sixth season premiered in winter 2020 with castings held in Prague and Bratislava. It is broadcast on two channels: «TV Nova» (Czech Republic) and «Markíza» (Slovakia) which have also been the broadcast stations for the individual seasons.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic audience were cut off from Semi-final and Final weeks were reduced from planned 5 to only 2 live shows.
Tatra T1
The T1 was one of the first tramcars based on the American Presidents' Conference Committee concept, produced by Czechoslovak company ČKD Tatra. 287 multiple T1 units were built between 1952 and 1958. Most of them were used in Czechoslovakia, but 22 were shipped abroad: 2 to Warsaw and the remaining 20 to Rostov-on-Don.

The first prototype of T1, T1 TW 5001, which today is considered the forefather of all Tatra trams, premiered in the streets of Prague on 22 January 1951. It is now on exhibition in the Prague Museum Depot (Muzeum Vozovna Střešovice) in Střešovice. The cars remained in use into the 1960s, when they were converted into T3-type vehicles. The last T1 was retired on 4 April 1987, in Plzeň.

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.