hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrowsmith School
The Arrowsmith School is a private school in Toronto, Ontario, for children in Grades 1 to 12 with learning disabilities (also referred to as "specific learning difficulties"). The Arrowsmith School was founded in Toronto in 1980 by Barbara Arrowsmith Young.

The school's methodology, known as the Arrowsmith Program, was founded by Arrowsmith Young in 1978 from exercises that she had begun devising for herself in 1977 and which she has stated enabled her to overcome her own severe learning difficulties. Her struggle with a learning disability and the rationale for her program are described in her 2012 book The Woman Who Changed Her Brain. According to Arrowsmith Young, her methodology is based on research into the principle of neuroplasticity, which suggests that the brain is dynamic and constantly rewiring itself. The program has been incorporated into other public and private schools and learning centres in multiple countries.

First grade
First grade (also 1st grade or Grade 1) is the first year of formal or compulsory education. It is the first year of elementary school, and the first school year after kindergarten. Children in first grade are usually 6–7 years old.
Niagara Falls Canucks
The Niagara Falls Canucks are a junior ice hockey team based in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.  They play in the Ontario Junior Hockey League which they joined in 2023. For most of the team's history they had played in the Golden Horseshoe division of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League until leaving for the OJHL.

Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada, adjacent to, and named after, Niagara Falls. As of the 2021 census, the city had a population of 94,415. The city is located on the Niagara Peninsula along the western bank of the Niagara River, which forms part of the Canada–United States border, with the other side being the twin city of Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls is  within the Regional Municipality of Niagara and a part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).

Tourism is a major part of the city's economy: its skyline consists of multiple high-rise hotels and observation towers that overlook the waterfalls and adjacent parkland. Souvenir shops, arcades, museums, amusement rides, indoor water parks, casinos, theatres and a convention centre are located nearby in the city's large tourist area. Other parts of the city include historic sites from the War of 1812, parks, golf courses, commercial spaces, and residential neighbourhoods.
The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)
The Prodigal Son is an oratorio by Arthur Sullivan with text taken from the parable of the same name in the Gospel of Luke. It features chorus with soprano, contralto, tenor and bass solos.  It premiered in Worcester Cathedral on 10 September 1869 as part of the Three Choirs Festival.

The work was Sullivan's first oratorio, and it was the first sacred music setting of this parable, preceding Claude Debussy's 1884 cantata L'enfant prodigue and Sergei Prokofiev's 1929 ballet The Prodigal Son, Op. 46.

Prodigal Son (ballet)
Prodigal Son, or Le Fils prodigue, Op. 46 (Russian: Блудный сын) is a ballet created for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes by George Balanchine to music by Sergei Prokofiev (1928–29).  The libretto, based on the parable in the Gospel of Luke, was by Boris Kochno, who added a good deal of drama and emphasized the theme of sin and redemption ending with the Prodigal Son's return.

Susan Au writes in Ballet and Modern Dance that the ballet was the last of the Diaghilev era, choreographed the year the great impresario died.  She continues: "Adapted from the biblical story, it opens with the prodigal's rebellious departure from home and his seduction by the beautiful but treacherous siren, whose followers rob him. Wretched and remorseful, he drags himself back to his forgiving father."
Glona Labadlabad
Glona Labadlabad (née Gollayan) is a Filipino politician who is the incumbent mayor of  Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte. She previously served as a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 2nd district of Zamboanga del Norte from 2016-2025.

Zamboanga del Norte's 2nd congressional district
Zamboanga del Norte's 2nd congressional district is one of the three congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Zamboanga del Norte. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district consists of the provincial capital city of Dipolog and adjacent municipalities of Jose Dalman, Katipunan, Manukan, President Manuel A. Roxas, Siayan and Sindangan. It is currently represented in the 19th Congress by Irene Labadlabad of Lakas–CMD.
Repenning
Repenning is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Repenning, American computer scientist

Charles Repenning (1922–2005), American paleontologist and zoologist

Nelson Repenning, American business scholar

Charles Repenning
Charles Albert Repenning (August 4, 1922 in Oak Park, Illinois – January 5, 2005 in Lakewood, Colorado) was an American paleontologist and zoologist noted for his work on shrews, fossil rodents, modern pinnipeds and their extinct relatives, the Desmostylia. He identified and researched the Paleoparadoxia found during the excavation of Stanford Linear Accelerator at Stanford University in California, which was eventually reclassified as a distinct species, which was named in his honor. Repenning was the first paleontologist to identify fossils from the North Slope of Alaska as dinosaur bones.
Surla Road railway station
Surla Road railway station is a railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone. It is situated at Surla in Ganjam district in the Indian state of Odisha.

Howrah–Chennai main line
The Howrah–Chennai main line is an Indian railway line connecting Howrah and Chennai Central. It is one of the seven major trunk routes of the Indian Railways. It traverses about 1,661 km (1,032 mi) along the eastern coast of India across the states of West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
USS Sayona II
USS Sayona II (SP-1109) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918.

Sayona II was built as the private motorboat or motor yacht Tip Top by H. Manley at Crosby, Massachusetts, in 1907. She later was renamed Sayona II.

In July 1917, the U.S. Navy acquired Sayona II under a free lease from her owner, H. W. Hower of Rome, New York, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned as USS Sayona II (SP-1109) on 3 August 1917.

Assigned to the 5th Naval District, Sayona II served on submarine net patrol duty in the Hampton Roads, Virginia, area until the spring of 1918. She then was reassigned to Customs House duty in the Hampton Roads area, which she continued through the end of World War I.

Sayona II was decommissioned on 30 December 1918 and returned to Hower the same day.

Anti-submarine net
An anti-submarine net or anti-submarine boom is a boom placed across the mouth of a harbour or a strait for protection against submarines. Net laying ships would be used to place and remove the nets. The US Navy used anti-submarine nets in the Pacific War to protect major US Naval Advance Bases.  Some net cutter submarines were used in the war.
Illinois Section American Water Works Association
The Illinois Section American Water Works Association (ISAWWA) is part of the national American Water Works Association. Established in 1909, the ISAWWA currently represents over 1770 public water supplies of all sizes.  ISAWWA members are administrators, utility operators, professional engineers, contractors, manufacturers, scientists, professors, health professionals, regulators, and ordinary citizens.

The mission of ISAWWA is the advancement and dissemination of knowledge concerning the practices in the design, construction, operation, and management of water works, and the promotion of public health, safety, and welfare.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
Large Luzon forest rat
The Large Luzon Forest Rat, or Luzon Forest Rat (Bullimus luzonicus) is a species of rodent, the first of three to be described in the genus Bullimus. It is in the diverse family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines. The rat has been recorded in Aurora, Benguet, and Camarines Sur provinces, and in Balbalasang, Kalinga province.

Benguet
Benguet (/bɛŋˈɡɛt/), officially the Province of Benguet (Ibaloi: Probinsya ne Benguet; Kankanaey: Probinsyan di Benguet; Pangasinan: Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Benguet; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Benguet), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad.

The highland province is known as the Salad Bowl of the Philippines due to its huge production of upland vegetables.

Situated within the interior of Benguet is the highly urbanized city of Baguio, which is administered independent from the province and also its largest city and regional center of Cordillera Administrative Region.
Worker (file manager)
Worker is an orthodox file manager, with many advanced features and extendable from configuration and Lua (programming language) scripting designed after Amiga Directory Opus. Dependencies are minimal for X11 on Unix-like operating systems.

Buttons in Worker can be configured to run commands

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Philopator
Philopator (Greek: Φιλοπάτωρ), meaning "father-loving", was a common royal epithet among Hellenistic monarchs:

Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, King of Egypt

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, King of Egypt

Cleopatra VII Philopator, Queen of Egypt

Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar, son of Cleopatra VII and Julius Caesar

Arsinoe III Philopator, Queen of Egypt

Seleucus IV Philopator, Seleucid king

Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator, Seleucid king

Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Ariarathes IX Eusebes Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Ariobarzanes II Philopator, King of Cappadocia

Mithridates IV Philopator Philadelphos, King of Pontus

Strato III Soter Philopator, Indo-Greek king

It can also refer to:

Philopator I, Roman client king of Cilicia

Philopator II, Roman client king of Cilicia

Philopator (moth), a genus of moths in the family Zygaenidae

Arsinoe III
Arsinoe III Philopator (Ancient Greek: Ἀρσινόη ἡ Φιλοπάτωρ, Arsinóē hē Philopátо̄r, meaning "Arsinoe the father-loving", 246 or 245 BC – 204 BC) was Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt in 220 – 204 BC. She was a daughter of Ptolemy III and Berenice II and spouse of her brother Ptolemy IV, possibly co-ruler. She was the first Ptolemaic queen to bear her brother's child.
Mario Bellizzi
Mario Bellizzi (born 1957), a poet of the Arbëresh minority of southern Italy, was born in San Basile in the province of Cosenza. His verse has appeared in various Arbëresh periodicals in southern Italy, as well as in Kosovo and Albania. Bellizzi currently lives in Trebisacce on the Gulf of Taranto. Among his verse collections are: Who are We Now?, Peć 1997; and Last Exit to Bukura Morea, Castrovillari 2003.

Gulf of Taranto
The Gulf of Taranto (Italian: Golfo di Taranto; Tarantino: Gurfe de Tarde; Latin: Sinus Tarentinus) is a gulf of the Ionian Sea, in Southern Italy.

The Gulf of Taranto is almost square, 140 km (87 mi) long and wide, making it the largest gulf in Italy, and it is delimited by the capes Santa Maria di Leuca (to the east, in Apulia) and Colonna (the ancient Lacinium, to the west, in Calabria), encompassed by the three regions of Apulia, Basilicata and Calabria. The most important rivers are the Basento, the Sinni, and the Agri.

The main cities on the gulf are Taranto and Gallipoli. Also the Greek colonies (Magna Graecia) of Kroton, Heraclea, Thurii, and Sybaris were founded on the Gulf of Taranto.

Italy claims the whole gulf as national waters, thus closed to international traffic. This position, which is similar to that of Libya on the Gulf of Sidra, is not recognized by some other countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.
Komlos
Komlos or Komlós is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

János Komlós (mathematician) (born 1942), Hungarian-American mathematician,

János Komlós (writer) (1922–1980), Hungarian writer, journalist, and stand-up comedian

John Komlos (born 1944), American economic historian

Juci Komlós (1919–2011), Hungarian film actress

Marianna Komlos (1969–2004), Canadian bodybuilder

Péter Komlós (1935–2017), Hungarian violinist

János Komlós (writer)
János Komlós (9 February 1922, in Budapest – 18 July 1980, in Budapest) was an influential Hungarian-Jewish writer, journalist, stand-up comedian during the Kádár political era in Hungary. A member of the ÁVH before 1956, he became an editor of the Népszabadság the Communist Party daily. In 1967, he founded the Mikroszkóp Színpad, which he directed until his death.

He was known for Minden kezdet nehéz (1966), Nem várok holnapig... (1967) and Teenager party (1966).
Livoniana
Livoniana is a genus of prehistoric tetrapodomorphs which lived during the Devonian period (Givetian - Frasnian stages, about 374 to 391 million years ago).

This species is a transitional form between fish and the earliest tetrapods, like Tiktaalik, Ichthyostega and Acanthostega. Before Livoniana there was Elginerpeton and Obruchevichthys.

Four legs developed in water, not on land, to better escape waterliving predatory creatures like Hyneria. There were very lush forests, and particularly swamps, where four limbs became very useful to avoid predators.

Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from 382.31 million years ago to 372.15  million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage.

Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western Canada and Australia.  On land, the first forests were taking shape. In North America, the Antler orogeny peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the Variscan orogeny in Europe.

The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires.

North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include

West Falls Group

Sonyea Group

Genesee Group
Agalmaka
Agalmaka (transl. The ceremony on the ash-covered ground.) is a spring festival of the Garo people in India. They celebrate it in March in a new field called "A'dal" to improve soil and ensure good crops with offerings. After burning debris for farming, they do a ritual to purify the new field.

The festival is led by the village priest, Nokma. He asks the Sun god "Misi Saljong" and the god of the rice paddy "Mima Kiri Rokkime" to bless the village. Agalmaka means a ritual on ashes-covered ground.

Debris
Debris (UK: /ˈdɛbri, ˈdeɪbri/, US: /dəˈbriː/) is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded garbage/refuse/trash, scattered remains of something destroyed, or, as in geology, large rock fragments left by a melting glacier, etc. Depending on context, debris can refer to a number of different things. The first apparent use of the French word in English is in a 1701 description of the army of Prince Rupert upon its retreat from a battle with the army of Oliver Cromwell, in England.
Rizwan Azam
Rizwan Azam (born 2 February 1985) is a Pakistani badminton player who also play in the Australian circuit, and was the National champion in both Pakistan and Australia. Azam was the men's doubles bronze medalists at the South Asian Games in 2006, 2010 and 2016, also in the team event in 2006 and 2016. At the BWF circuit, he was the men's singles champion in Pakistan International, also won the men's doubles titles in Syria, Maldives, and Pakistan.

Australian National Badminton Championships
Australian National Badminton Championships are officially held since the year 1935.  Already eleven years earlier already started the unofficial national championships in Victoria, but a national governing body for badminton was still missing in this time.
Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture
The Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture (SAMAC; formerly known as Shigureden (時雨殿)) is a museum in Arashiyama, Kyoto, Japan, centered on the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu anthology of waka poems compiled by Fujiwara no Teika in the 13th century. The museum was founded by former Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi, who invested more than $20 million in the facility. Shigureden's Autumn Shower Palace hall was designed by Nintendo game producer Shigeru Miyamoto.

The museum opened its doors on January 27, 2006, featuring an interactive exhibition in its park with poetry-related karuta (like the Uta-garuta), and animated floors, navigated through the use of special Nintendo DS consoles. The museum closed down for renovations on April 1, 2011, and re-opened on March 17, 2012. It was closed for further renovations on March 21, 2017. It then reopened on November 1, 2018 as the Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts & Culture (SAMAC).

Uta-garuta
Uta-garuta (歌ガルタ; lit. "Poetry Karuta") is a type of a deck of karuta, Japanese traditional playing cards. A set of uta-garuta contains two sets of 100 cards, with a waka poem written on each. Uta-garuta is also the name of the game in which the deck is used. The standard collection of poems used is the Hyakunin Isshu, chosen by poet Fujiwara no Teika in the Kamakura period, which is often also used as the name of the game.

Since early 20th century the game is played mostly on Japanese New Year holidays.
National Television Festival
The National Television Festival (Vietnamese: Liên hoan truyền hình toàn quốc) is an annual event in Vietnam organized for professionals in the television industry. The festival provides a forum for participants to exchange experiences, review and evaluate television works produced during the year, and recognize outstanding achievements through awards and honors. It is the biggest television event in Vietnam.

The festival is chaired by Vietnam Television Station, each year in collaboration with a local television station that hosts.

Haiphong
Haiphong or Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hǎːj fɔ̀ŋ͡m] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of 3,194.72 km2 (1,233.49 mi2). The city includes Bạch Long Vĩ and Cát Hải islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. It has a population of 4,664,124 in 2025.
Elwick Racecourse
Elwick Racecourse, known for naming rights reasons as Ladbrokes Park Elwick, is a thoroughbred horse-racing venue located on Goodwood Road, Glenorchy, Tasmania, Australia. It is located in close proximity to the Brooker Highway, Hobart Showground, Derwent Entertainment Centre, Glenorchy Art & Sculpture Park and the River Derwent. The racecourse has a picturesque outlook across the river, as well as being dominated by views of Mount Wellington. It features at least 110 race meetings and 210 trial days a year, but is most well known for hosting the Hobart Cup.

Tabcorp
Tabcorp is Australia's largest gambling company, employing more than 5,000 people. It is the largest provider of wagering and gaming products and services in Australia. Tabcorp is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX).
Gagauzia conflict
The Gagauzia conflict (Gagauz: Gagauziya çatışmaları; Romanian: Conflictul din Găgăuzia) was a conflict between the Moldavian SSR and posteriorly the independent Republic of Moldova and their Gagauz population, which sought further autonomy within Moldova. It culminated in the declaration of the Gagauz Republic, separate from Moldavia, with the aim of remaining within the Soviet Union; however, following the latter's dissolution, the Gagauz Republic became a de facto independent state. It was formally reintegrated into Moldova in 1995, when Gagauzia was officially recognized as an "autonomous territorial unit" within the country.

Gagauzia
Gagauzia (/ɡəˈɡɔːziə/) or Gagauz-Yeri, officially the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia (ATUG), is an autonomous territorial unit of Moldova. Its autonomy is intended for the local Gagauz people, a Turkic-speaking, primarily Orthodox Christian ethnic group.

Bessarabia, previously the eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia, was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1812. At the end of World War I, all of Bessarabia – including Gagauzia – was annexed to the Kingdom of Romania. A Soviet invasion and occupation began in June 1940, but the territory was again occupied by Romania from 1941 to 1944, after the latter joined the Axis powers and helped invade the USSR. After World War II, Gagauzia was incorporated into the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1990, Gagauzia declared itself independent from Moldova as the Gagauz Republic during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but it was ultimately reintegrated into Moldova in 1995.
Possum Grape, Arkansas
Possum Grape is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Arkansas, United States. The community is on Arkansas Highway 367 between Bradford, Batesville, and Newport, near the White River.

The origin of the town's name is disputed. One explanation is that its name came from the possum grape, a type of wild grape found in the area. Another is that the name was chosen in 1954 as a compromise between conflicting groups of residents who called the community "Possum" and "Grape" respectively; however, local newspapers described the area as Possum Grape as early as 1929.

White River (Arkansas–Missouri)
The White River is a 722-mile (1,162 km) river that flows through the U.S. states of Arkansas and Missouri. Originating in the Boston Mountains of northwest Arkansas, it arcs northwards through southern Missouri before turning back into Arkansas, flowing southeast to its mouth at the Mississippi River.