hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civilian Joint Task Force
The Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF), also known interchangeably by the Hausa language term Yan Gora (“people with sticks”) is a paramilitary organization organized by the Government of Nigeria, whose primary functions include providing intelligence, participating in search and rescue operations, and engaging in direct combat against insurgents. Volunteers from local communities are organized into units, often equipped with basic weapons and training provided by the military. The vigilante group numbers over 26,000 in the northeastern Borno and Yobe States, of which only 1,800 receive a salary ($50 per month). The CJTF has suffered about 1,773 casualties in the conflict, counting both lost and missing members.

The CJTF has been accused of abuses, including slaughtering men beside a mass grave, diverting food destined for starving families and beating men and subjecting women and girls to systematic sexual violence in camps.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Golubaya Bay
Golubaya Bay (69°58′S 9°50′E﻿ / ﻿69.967°S 9.833°E﻿ / -69.967; 9.833) is a bay in the southeast extremity of Kamenev Bight, along the ice shelf fringing the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The bay was photographed from the air by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958–59 and was mapped from these photos. It was also mapped in 1961 by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition who named it "Bukhta Golubaya" (azure bay).

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
Buscate
Buscate (Lombard: Buscaa [byˈskaː]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Milan, in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Milan. As of 1 January 2014, it had a population of 4,822 and an area of 7.83 square kilometres (3.02 mi2).

It is the ancestral home of the Pisoni family.

Buscate borders the following municipalities: Magnago, Dairago, Castano Primo, Arconate, Inveruno, Cuggiono.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Urzhum
Urzhum (Russian: Уржум) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Urzhum, Urzhumsky District, Kirov Oblast, a town in Urzhumsky District of Kirov Oblast; 57°7′N 50°0′E﻿ / ﻿57.117°N 50.000°E﻿ / 57.117; 50.000

Rural localities

Urzhum, Altai Krai, a selo in Dubrovsky Selsoviet of Aleysky District in Altai Krai; 52°14′N 83°2′E﻿ / ﻿52.233°N 83.033°E﻿ / 52.233; 83.033

Urzhum, Sanchursky District, Kirov Oblast, a village in Korlyakovsky Rural Okrug of Sanchursky District in Kirov Oblast; 57°7′N 46°58′E﻿ / ﻿57.117°N 46.967°E﻿ / 57.117; 46.967

Urzhum, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Kotkishevskoye Settlement of Neysky District in Kostroma Oblast; 58°15′N 43°46′E﻿ / ﻿58.250°N 43.767°E﻿ / 58.250; 43.767

Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast (Russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, romanized: Kostromskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma and its population as of the 2021 Census is 580,976. It was formed on August 13, 1944 on the territory detached from neighboring Yaroslavl Oblast.

Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. Its major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev.
Osamah Al-Marwai
Osamah Ali Almarwai (Arabic: أسامة علي المروعي, born on April 11, 1992) is a Yemeni submission grappler and Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt competitor.

An American National and World No-Gi champion in brown belt, Almarwai is the first black belt IBJJF World No-Gi and 2x Pan No-Gi champion from the Middle East. Almarwai is currently ranked No. 1 in the 2022-2023 IBJJF No-Gi Rooster division.

Grappling
Grappling is a fighting technique based on throws, trips, sweeps, clinch fighting, ground fighting and submission holds.

Grappling contests often involve takedowns and ground control, and may end when a contestant concedes defeat. Should there be no winner after the match time-limit has lapsed, competition judges will determine the winner based on who exerted more control.

Grappling most commonly does not include striking or the use of weapons. However, some fighting styles or martial arts known especially for their grappling techniques teach tactics that include strikes and weapons either alongside grappling or combined with it.
1964 Capital City 300
The 1964 Capital City 300 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 14, 1964, at Virginia State Fairgrounds (now Richmond Raceway) in Richmond, Virginia. Notable drivers who appeared at this race were Elmo Langley, Wendell Scott, Tiny Lund, Roy Tyner, and Richard Petty.

There were 33 American-born drivers on the grid; no foreigners attempted to qualify for this racing event. Vehicles registered from this race varied in year models from 1962 to 1964. NASCAR team owners that were fortunate enough to afford the 1964 model of stock car vehicles found that their vehicles could exceed 175 miles per hour or 282 kilometres per hour in the right circumstances; bringing in an era of unlimited horsepower. Having this level of speed within the sanctioned NASCAR events brought forth many events in addition to tragedies throughout the year in addition to the remainder of the 1960s.

Junior Johnson
Robert Glenn Johnson Jr.  (June 28, 1931 – December 20, 2019), better known as Junior Johnson, was an American professional stock car racing driver, engineer, and team owner as well as an entrepreneur. He won 50 NASCAR races in his career before retiring in 1966. In the 1970s and 1980s, he became a NASCAR racing team owner, winning the NASCAR championship with Cale Yarborough and Darrell Waltrip three times each; Johnson was the first owner to win multiple championships with multiple drivers. He is credited as the first to use the drafting technique in stock car racing. He was nicknamed "The Last American Hero," and his autobiography and movie based on his upbringing is of the same name. In May 2007, Johnson teamed with Piedmont Distillers of Madison, North Carolina, to introduce the company's second moonshine product, called "Midnight Moon Moonshine", a nod to the days of his early youth in the 1940s when he made a living as a moonshiner/moonrunner and bootlegger.
Justin Hawkins
Justin David Hawkins (born 17 March 1975) is an English musician, Internet personality, singer, and songwriter best known as the founder, lead singer, and lead guitarist of The Darkness, of which his younger brother Dan is also a member. He is also the lead singer and guitarist for the band Hot Leg, formed in 2008 and now on hiatus. In 2021, Hawkins launched a YouTube channel entitled Justin Hawkins Rides Again, where he does comedic analysis on songs or artists in addition to covering news in the musical community.

I Believe in a Thing Called Love
"I Believe in a Thing Called Love" is a song by English rock band the Darkness, released as the third single from their debut studio album, Permission to Land. When released as a single in September 2003, it peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song also charted worldwide, becoming a top-10 hit in Ireland, New Zealand, and Sweden, as well as on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.
Holmes–Dakin Building
Holmes–Dakin Building is a historic commercial building located at Hannibal, Marion County, Missouri.  It was built in 1894, and is a two-story brick structure with a coursed rubble foundation and a flat roof. It features a corbelled brick frieze with matching corbelled parapet, capped by a stone molding.  It originally housed a cigar factory.: 46–47

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Marion County, Missouri
Marion County is a county located in the northeastern portion of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,525. Its county seat is Palmyra.  Unique from most third-class counties in the state, Marion has two county courthouses, the second located in Hannibal. The county was organized on December 23, 1826, and named for General Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox," who was from South Carolina and served in the American Revolutionary War. The area was known as the "Two Rivers Country" before organization. Marion County is part of the Hannibal, Missouri Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Quincy-Hannibal, IL-MO Combined Statistical Area.
Ballina Town F.C.
Ballina Town F.C. is an Irish association football club based in Ballina, County Mayo. Their senior men's team play in the Mayo Association Football League. They have previously played in the Connacht Senior League. Their senior women's team play in the Mayo Women's Football League and have previously played in the FAI Women's Cup.

Connacht Senior Cup (association football)
Connacht Senior Cup is an association football cup competition organised by the Connacht Football Association. This cup competition should not be confused with the more regularly played Connacht Junior Cup which has effectively been the top level competition for non-League of Ireland clubs when the Senior Cup has been inactive.
Aleksejs Semjonovs
Aleksejs Semjonovs (born 2 April 1973) is a retired Latvian international football midfielder, who also holds the Russian nationality. He obtained a total number of nine caps for the Latvia national football team, scoring two goals. His last club was Dinaburg FC. He also played in Estonia and Russia during his career.

Dinaburg FC
Dinaburg FC was a Latvian football club, playing in the city of Daugavpils. In 2009 it merged with FK Daugava. The club played at the Daugava Stadium (capacity 4,070). On October 5, 2009, Dinaburg was expelled from the Virsliga and both the president and trainer were banned for life on suspicion of betting and match-fixing.
Władysław Ostrowski
Wladyslaw Tomasz Rawicz-Ostrowski (1790-1869) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic) and Count since 1798.

Wladyslaw was officer of the horse artillery in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw. He was awarded with the Virtuti Militari in 1809 after the Battle of Raszyn and with the Légion d'honneur order for Napoleon's Russian Campaign from 1812 to 1813.

He left the army after Napoleon's defeat. Later he tried his skills in poetry (he translated Lord Byron's poems). In December 1830 he was elected the Marshal of the Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and served until the end of the national November Uprising of 1830–1831. In emigration he became an activist of Hotel Lambert. Interned by the Austrians he spent most of his life in Graz and in 1861 was allowed to settle down in Kraków.

Marshal of the Sejm
The Marshal of the Sejm  (Polish: Marszałek Sejmu, pronounced [marˈʂawɛk ˈsɛjmu]) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). Marszałek, in this case, is Polish native name for parliamentary Speaker.
Château de Vayres
The Château de Vayres is a medieval castle, located on the banks of the Dordogne River,  located in the commune of Vayres, in the Gironde Department of France, near the city of Bordeaux. The château de Vayres  was rebuilt during the Renaissance, and again in 1700. It is classified as an official historical landmark of France, and the gardens are listed as among the Notable Gardens of France by the Committee of Parks and Gardens of the French Ministry of Culture.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Departments of the Second Mexican Empire
The departments of the Second Mexican Empire were the administrative divisions that the nation was organized into during the short rule of Emperor Maximilian I. He commissioned Mexican scholar Manuel Orozco y Berra to draw boundaries based on geography of Mexico. Each of the 50 departments was to be governed by a prefect. There were many new departments in the plan, carved out of existing Mexican states: Acapulco, Álamos, Arizona, Autlán, Batopilas, Coalcomán, Ejutla, Fresnillo, Huejuquilla, Iturbide, La Laguna, Mapimí, Matamoros, Matehuala, Mazatlán, Nazas, El Potosí, Tancítaro, Tehuantepec, Teposcolula, Toluca, Tula, Tulancingo, Tuxpan, and Valle de México (Mexico City). This plan was never implemented in full before the fall of Maximilian's regime and the return of republican rule under President Benito Juárez.

Prefect
Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, substantive adjectival form of praeficere: "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area.

A prefect's office, department, or area of control is called a prefecture, but in various post-Roman Empire cases there is a prefect without a prefecture or vice versa. The words "prefect" and "prefecture" are also used, more or less conventionally, to render analogous words in other languages, especially Romance languages.
Maniac (1934 film)
Maniac (also known as Sex Maniac) is a 1934 American independent black-and-white exploitation horror film directed by Dwain Esper and written by Hildagarde Stadie, Esper's wife, as a loose adaptation of the 1843 Edgar Allan Poe story "The Black Cat", with references to his "Murders in the Rue Morgue". Esper and Stadie also made the 1936 exploitation film Marihuana.

The film is in the public domain.

A restored version was made available in 1999, as part of a double feature with another Esper film, Narcotic! (1933). John Wilson, the founder of the Golden Raspberry Award, named Maniac one of the "100 Most Amusingly Bad Movies Ever Made" in his book The Official Razzie Movie Guide. Maniac has received negative reception since its release, considered as one of the worst films ever made.

Double feature
The double feature is a motion picture industry practice in which movie theaters would exhibit two films for the price of one, supplanting an earlier format in which the presentation of one feature film would be followed by various short subject reels.
John Carmichael, 1st Earl of Hyndford
John Carmichael, 1st Earl of Carmichael (28 February 1638 – 20 September 1710), known as Lord Carmichael between 1672 and 1701, when he was created the 1st Earl of Hyndford, was a Scottish nobleman and politician.

He succeeded his grandfather, James Carmichael, 1st Lord Carmichael (1579–1672), as second Lord Carmichael in 1672. He was Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland from 1689 to 1690, Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1690, 1694, and 1699, and Chancellor of the University of Glasgow from 1692 to 1713. He was Secretary of State from 1699 to 1702, and supported the Union with England. He was a colonel of Dragoons from 1693 to 1697. His wife was Beatrix Drummond, a daughter of the 3rd Lord Maderty and Lady Beatrice Graham. Their daughter Beatrix married John Cockburn of Ormiston.

Ormiston
Ormiston is a village in East Lothian, Scotland, near Tranent, Humbie, Pencaitland and Cranston, located on the north bank of the River Tyne at an elevation of about 276 feet (84 m).

The village was the first planned village in Scotland, founded in 1735 by John Cockburn (1685–1758), one of the initiators of the Agricultural Revolution.
James Fenton (farmer)
James Fenton (1820–1901), was an Irish-born Australian farmer and writer.

He was born 20 November 1820 in Dunlavin, Ireland. His family emigrated in 1833, and (after his father's death en route) arrived in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land (now Hobart in Tasmania) in 1834. Starting in 1840 he pioneered on the island's Forth River, first clearing heavy forest for farming. Visiting the Yarra River in 1852 during the Victoria gold rush, he perceived a market for lumber and undertook lumbering on the Forth. In 1879 he retired from farming.

He published A History of Tasmania in 1884, and in 1891 Bush Life in Tasmania Fifty Years Ago, subtitled

An Account of Pioneer Work in Devon, the Natives, Murder of the First Settler, Bushrangers, Visit to J.P. Fawkner, Melbourne in the Early Days, Gold-digging Times, Great Prosperity on the Coast, History of the Coal Mines, Etc., Etc., Etc

and the Life of Rev. Charles Price (Melbourne, 1886). He died 24 June 1901.

Devon Land District
Devon Land District is one of the twenty land districts of Tasmania which are part of the Cadastral divisions of Tasmania. It was formerly one of the 18 counties of Tasmania. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica describes Beaconsfield and Devonport as being in the county. It is bordered by the Tamar River in the east, and the Emu River near Burnie in the west. Deloraine is on the southern edge with the border with Westmoreland Land District. It is named after the English county of Devon.
KLHDC3
Kelch domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHDC3 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene contains six repeated kelch motifs that are structurally similar to recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2), a protein involved in the activation of the V(D)J recombination. This gene is found to express specifically in testis. Its expression in pachytene spermatocytes is localized to cytoplasm and meiotic chromatin, which suggests that this gene may be involved in meiotic recombination.

Spermatocyte
Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and secondary spermatocytes. Primary and secondary spermatocytes are formed through the process of spermatocytogenesis.

Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. After meiosis I, two secondary spermatocytes are formed. Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain half the number of chromosomes.

In all animals, males produce spermatocytes, even hermaphrodites such as C. elegans, which exist as a male or hermaphrodite. In hermaphrodite C. elegans, sperm production occurs first and is then stored in the spermatheca. Once the eggs are formed, they are able to self-fertilize and produce up to 350 progeny.
Livermore v. Waite
Livermore v. Waite is an 1894 California Supreme Court ruling that limits the power of the legislature in making amendments to the California Constitution by ruling that the power to change to the constitution cannot be delegated to any individual, as the sovereign power rests with the people.

The decision was met with the full concurrence of the court, with the majority opinion authored by Justice Harrison and the concurring opinion authored by Justice Paterson.

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
Christelle Lefranc
Christelle Lefranc (born March 15, 1980) is a fashion model from Paris, France. She is represented by The Fashion Model Management Next Model Management of Paris, London, England, New York City, and Miami, Florida, and Traffic of Madrid, Spain and Barcelona, Spain. Lefranc is 5 ft 10 in (178 cm), with blonde hair and blue eyes. Her hobbies include ballet.

She has modelled in advertising for Cartier, Fope, Guy Laroche, Harvey Nichols, Max Studio, Mimi, and Ralph Lauren. Her image has been captured on the covers of periodicals like Madame magazine Germany, D magazine Italy, Vogue Portugal, and The Face United Kingdom.

Harvey Nichols
Harvey Nichols Group Limited (trading as Harvey Nichols) is a British luxury department store chain founded in 1831 by Benjamin Harvey; it is headquartered at its flagship store in Knightsbridge, London. It sells designer fashion collections for men and women, fashion accessories, beauty products, fine wines and luxury foods. It is owned by Hong Kong luxury goods company Dickson Concepts.

The chain has 14 locations worldwide across Hong Kong, Ireland, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom, including a brasserie in the OXO Tower, London.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
The Journal of Colloid and Interface Science  is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It covers research related to colloid and interface science with a particular focus on colloidal materials and nanomaterials; surfactants and soft matter; adsorption, catalysis and electrochemistry; interfacial processes, capillarity and wetting; biomaterials and nanomedicine; and novel phenomena and techniques. The editor-in-chief is Martin Malmsten (Uppsala University). The journal was established in 1946 as Journal of Colloid Science. It obtained its current name in 1966.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.