hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Speakman
John Roger Speakman (born 1958) is a British biologist working at the University of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, for which he was Director from 2007 to 2011. He leads the University's Energetics Research Group, which uses doubly labeled water (DLW) to investigate energy expenditure and balance in animals. Between 2011-2020, he was  a '1000 talents' Professor at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Beijing, China, where he ran the molecular energetics group. In 2020 he moved to the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shenzhen, China where he works at the Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction and Head of the Shenzhen Key laboratory of Metabolic Health.

Energy homeostasis
In biology, energy homeostasis, or the homeostatic control of energy balance, is a biological process that involves the coordinated homeostatic regulation of food intake (energy inflow) and energy expenditure (energy outflow). The human brain, particularly the hypothalamus, plays a central role in regulating energy homeostasis and generating the sense of hunger by integrating a number of biochemical signals that transmit information about energy balance. Fifty percent of the energy from glucose metabolism is immediately converted to heat.

Energy homeostasis is an important aspect of bioenergetics.
Rothelin Continuation
The Rothelin Continuation is an anonymous Old French prose history of the Crusades and the Crusader states between 1229 and 1261. It is one of the most important sources for the period it covers, which includes the Barons' Crusade (1239–1241), the Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) and the first Mongol raid into Palestine (1260).

Mongol raids into Palestine
Mongol raids into Palestine took place towards the end of the Crusades, following the temporarily successful Mongol invasions of Syria, primarily in 1260 and 1300. Following each of these invasions, there existed a period of a few months during which the Mongols were able to launch raids southward into Palestine, reaching as far as Gaza.

The raids were executed by a relatively small part of the Mongol army, which proceeded to loot, kill, and destroy. However, the Mongols appeared to have had no intention, on either occasion, of integrating Palestine into the Mongol administrative system, and a few months after the Syrian invasions, Mamluk forces returned from Egypt and reoccupied the region with little resistance.
Nummus
Nummus (pl. nummi) is a Latin word for various coins that was borrowed from Doric Greek noummos (νοῦμμος; Classical Greek: νόμος, nómos). Originally referring to a specific style of coin used in Greek-speaking Southern Italy, the term nummus came to be used by the Late Republic for all coins generally and particularly as a synonym for the sestertius, then the standard unit of Roman accounting, and then in Late Antiquity as the formal name of the follis. It was used in this general sense in Early Modern English but is most commonly employed by modern numismatists as a catchall term for various low-value copper coins issued by the Roman and Byzantine empires during Late Antiquity.

Forms of the term nummus also appear in various scientific names and in medical jargon for coin-shaped species, structures, and disorders.

Borrowing (linguistics)
In linguistics, borrowing is a type of language change in which a language or dialect undergoes change as a result of contact with another language or dialect. In typical cases of borrowing, speakers of one language (the "recipient" language) adopt into their own speech a novel linguistic feature that they were exposed to due to its presence in a different language (the "source" or "donor" language).
Litchfield Hills
The Litchfield Hills (also known as the Northwest Hills or Northwest Highlands) comprise a geographic region in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is roughly coterminous with the boundaries of Litchfield County, for which it is named. The geographic region includes colloquial subregions—rural Northwestern Connecticut and the area associated with the city of Torrington, also known as the Upper Naugatuck River Valley or simply Litchfield Hills—which have also variously corresponded to designated government councils both past and present. Much of the area makes up the lowermost section of the Berkshires and is culturally similar to the rest of western New England.

Dairy
A dairy is a place where milk is stored and where butter, cheese, and other dairy products are made, or a place where those products are sold.: 325 : 284  It may be a room, a building, or a larger establishment.: 284  In the United States, the word may also describe a dairy farm or the part of a mixed farm dedicated to milk for human consumption,: 284  whether from cows, buffaloes, goats, yaks, sheep, horses or camels.

The attributive dairy describes milk-based products, derivatives, and processes, and the animals and workers involved in their production, for example dairyman, dairymaid, dairy cattle or dairy goat. A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These establishments constitute the global dairy industry, part of the food industry.

The word dairy comes from an Old English word for female servant, as milking was historically done by dairymaids.
Choukachou
Choukachou or chouk is a Beninese type of millet beer. It is widely consumed in northern Benin and the city of Parakou is an important centre for brewing. The beer is transported to southern Benin via the railway or road.

Millet
Millets (/ˈmɪlɪts/) are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most millets belong to the tribe Paniceae.

Millets are important crops in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa, especially in India, Mali, Nigeria, and Niger, with 97% of production in developing countries. The crop is favoured for its productivity and short growing season under hot dry conditions. The millets are sometimes understood to include the widely cultivated sorghum; apart from that, pearl millet is the most commonly cultivated of the millets. Finger millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, little millet, kodo millet, browntop millet and foxtail millet are other important crop species.
Millets may have been consumed by humans for about 7,000 years and potentially had "a pivotal role in the rise of multi-crop agriculture and settled farming societies".
Threshing
Threshing, or thrashing, is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.

Bran
Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers – the combined aleurone and pericarp – surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). Along with the germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a byproduct of milling in the production of refined grains. Bran is highly nutritious, but is difficult to digest due to its high fiber content; its high fat content also reduces its shelf life as the oils/fats are prone to becoming rancid. As such, it is typically removed from whole grain during the refining process – e.g. in processing wheat grain into white flour, or refining brown rice into white rice.

Bran is present in cereal grain, including rice, corn (maize), wheat, oats, barley, rye, and millet. Bran is not the same as chaff, which is a coarser, scaly material surrounding the grain and is indigestible by humans.
Curse of the Golden Flower
Curse of the Golden Flower (满城尽带黄金甲) is a 2006 Chinese epic wuxia drama film written and directed by Zhang Yimou. The Chinese title of the movie is taken from the last line of a poem by the Tang dynasty rebel leader Huang Chao.

With a budget of US$45 million, it was, at the time of its release, the most expensive Chinese film to date, surpassing Chen Kaige's The Promise (2005). It was chosen as China's entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for the year 2006, but did not receive the nomination. The film was nominated for Costume Design. In 2007, it received fourteen nominations at the 26th Hong Kong Film Awards and won Best Actress for Gong Li, Art Direction, Best Costume and Make Up Design and Best Original Film Song for "菊花台" (Chrysanthemum Terrace) by Jay Chou.

The plot is based on the 1934 play Thunderstorm by Cao Yu, but it is set in Imperial China instead of the 20th century.

Hong Kong Film Award for Best Costume Make Up Design
The Hong Kong Film Award for Best Costume Make Up Design is an award presented annually at the Hong Kong Film Awards for a film with the best costume and makeup design. As of 2016 the current winner is Yee Chung-Man for his work on Monster Hunt.
2013 Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad – Doubles
Marcel Granollers and Marc López were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Jamie Murray and John Peers won the title, defeating Pablo Andújar and Guillermo García-López in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Guillermo García López
Guillermo García López (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡiˈʎeɾmo ɣaɾˈθi.a ˈlopeθ], born 4 June 1983) is a Spanish tennis coach and a former professional player. He won five singles titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 23 in February 2011.

As of 2021, he collected thirteen wins over top-10 players, including world No. 1 Rafael Nadal in 2010, world No. 4 Andy Murray in 2012 and world No. 3 Stan Wawrinka in 2014.
Gunsmoke season 17
Gunsmoke is an American Western television series developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

The first episode of season 17 aired in the United States on September 13, 1971, and the final episode aired on March 13, 1972.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS.

Season 17 of Gunsmoke was the sixth season of color episodes.  Previous seasons were filmed in black-and-white.

Westerns on television
Television Westerns are programs with settings in the later half of the 19th century in the American Old West, Western Canada and Mexico during the period from about 1860 to the end of the so-called "Indian Wars". More recent entries in the Western genre have used the neo-Western subgenre, placing events in the modern day, or the space Western subgenre, but still draw inspiration from the outlaw attitudes prevalent in traditional Western productions.

When television became popular in the late 1940s and 1950s, Westerns quickly became an audience favorite, with 30 such shows airing at prime time by 1959. Traditional Westerns faded in popularity in the late 1960s, while new shows fused Western elements with other types of shows, such as family drama, mystery thrillers, and crime drama. In the 1990s and 2000s, slickly packaged made-for-TV movie Westerns were introduced.
Australian cricket team in 2016–17
This article contains information, results and statistics regarding the Australian national cricket team in the 2016 and 2016–17 cricket seasons. Statisticians class the 2016–17 season as matches played between May 2016 and April 2017.

Josh Hazlewood
Josh Reginald Hazlewood (born 8 January 1991) is an Australian international cricketer. He is a pace bowler known for his accuracy and has been compared to former Australian paceman Glenn McGrath. He has captained Australia in an ODI and served as a Test vice-captain after the 2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal, following which Australia's then captain Steve Smith and vice-captain David Warner had stood down. Hazlewood currently ranks no. 6 in Test, no. 8 in ODI and no. 10 in T20I in the ICC Men's Player Rankings. He won multiple ICC tournaments with the Australian team: the 2015 Cricket World Cup, the 2021 T20 World Cup and the 2023 Cricket World Cup.
Badryah El-Bishr
Badriah Al-Beshr (Arabic: بدرية البشر, born 1967 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is a Saudi Arabian writer and novelist. She was born in Riyadh and obtained a bachelor's degree and master's degree from King Saud University and a  PhD from the Lebanese University in 2005. She has taught at Al Jazeera University in Dubai. A weekly columnist at Al Yamama magazine since 1997, she won the prize for "best newspaper column" at the Arabic Press Awards in 2011, becoming the first woman to do so. She also writes regularly for Al Hayat newspaper.

El-Bishr has published three collections of short stories and three novels to date. The novels are

Hind and the Soldiers (2005)

The Seesaw (2010)

Love Stories on al-Asha Street (2013)

Her latest novel Love Stories on al-Asha Street was longlisted for the 2014 Arabic Booker Prize.

Al-Yamama
Al-Yamama (Arabic: اليَمامَة, romanized: al-Yamāma) is a historical region in south-eastern Najd in modern-day Saudi Arabia.

Only a handful of centralized states ever arose in the Yamama, but it figured prominently in early Islamic history, becoming a central theater in the Ridda wars immediately following Muhammad's death. Despite being incorporated into the Najd region, the term 'al-Yamama' remains in use as a traditional and historical term to reference or emphasize the region's ancient past. The current headquarters of the Saudi government in Riyadh, for example, is known as the Palace of Yamamah.
A Thousand Little Kisses
A Thousand Little Kisses (Hebrew: אלף נשיקות קטנות, translit. Elef Nishikot K'tanot) is a 1981 Israeli drama film written and directed by Mira Recanati.

The screenplay focuses on a mother and daughter, each dealing in her own way with the secret of the father's/b husband's infidelity after his death.

The film was submitted as the Israeli entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 54th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It was also screened in the Un Certain Regard section of the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.

1981 Cannes Film Festival
The 34th Cannes Film Festival was held from 13 to 27 May 1981. French filmmaker Jacques Deray served as jury president for the main competition.

Polish filmmaker Andrzej Wajda won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the film Man of Iron.

The festival opened with Three Brothers by Francesco Rosi, and closed with Honeysuckle Rose by Jerry Schatzberg.
Female Figure (Velázquez)
Female Figure (or Sibyl with Tabula Rasa, Spanish: Sibila con tábula rasa) is a small, probably unfinished, 1648 oil on canvas painting by Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, the leading artist of the Spanish Golden Age.

Although the identity of the woman is unknown, she is usually believed to be a sibyl, based on her similarity to the artist's 1631–32 Sibyl (Portrait of Juana Pacheco?). Both show profile views of women in half length, holding a tablet.

The c. 1648 date is given based on its stylistic resemblances to the artist's Rokeby Venus. Both works share the evocative, loose and fluid brush strokes generally accepted as influenced by Velázquez's exposure to Titian during his 1629–30 and 1649–51 visits to Italy. Female Figure is noted for its "restrained elegance, muted color harmonies, and the evocative poetry of the figure's parted lips and "lost" profile."

Sibyl
The sibyls were prophetesses or oracles in Ancient Greece.

The sibyls prophesied at holy sites. 
A sibyl at Delphi has been dated to as early as the eleventh century BC by Pausanias when he described local traditions in his writings from the second century AD.
At first, there appears to have been only a single sibyl. By the fourth century BC, there appear to have been at least three more, Phrygian, Erythraean, and Hellespontine. By the first century BC, there were at least ten sibyls, located in Greece, Italy, the Levant, and Asia Minor.
Ines Müller
Ines Müller, née Reichenbach (born 2 January 1959 in Grimma, Muldentalkreis, Saxony), is a German track and field athlete who represented East Germany in the shot put during the 1980s.  Her biggest success was the bronze medal in the 1987 World Championship.

1987 World Championships in Athletics
The 2nd World Championships in Athletics (Italian: Campionati del mondo di atletica leggera 1987) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations were held in the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy between August 28 and September 6, 1987.
Munkholmen
Munkholmen (Norwegian: Monk's islet) is an islet in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 13,000-square-metre (3.2-acre) island sits in the Trondheimsfjord about 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) northwest of the island of Brattøra and the mouth of the river Nidelva in the center of the city of Trondheim. The islet has served as a place of execution, a monastery, a fortress, a prison, and a World War II anti-aircraft gun station. Today, Munkholmen is a popular tourist attraction and recreation site.

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.
Yoshiaki Yoshimi
Yoshiaki Yoshimi (吉見 義明, Yoshimi Yoshiaki; born 1946) is a professor of Japanese modern history at Chuo University in Tokyo, Japan. He is a founding member of the Center for Research and Documentation on Japan's War Responsibility.

He was born in Yamaguchi Prefecture, and studied at the University of Tokyo.

Chuo University
Chuo University (中央大学, Chūō Daigaku), commonly referred to as Chuo (中央) or Chu-Dai (中大), is a private research university in Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. The university finds its roots in a school called Igirisu Hōritsu Gakkō (English Law School), which was founded in 1885, and became a university in 1920. The university operates four campuses in Tokyo: the largest in Hachiōji (Tama campus), one in Bunkyō (Korakuen campus), and two others in Shinjuku (Ichigaya and Ichigaya-Tamachi campuses). Chuo is organized into six faculties, ten graduate schools, and nine research institutes. There are also four affiliated high schools and two affiliated junior high schools.

When written in Chinese characters, Chuo University shares the same name with National Central University in Taiwan and Chung-Ang University in South Korea.
Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East
Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East (Russian: Институт экспериментальной ветеринарии Сибири и Дальнего Востока) is a research institute in Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. The organization is a division of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was founded in 1974.

Novosibirsk Oblast
Novosibirsk Oblast (Russian: Новосиби́рская о́бласть, romanized: Novosibirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative and economic center is the city of Novosibirsk, the third-largest city in the country. As of the 2021 Census, Novosibirsk Oblast had a population of 2,797,176 with the majority, 1.63 million, lives in Novosibirsk.
Jelonki, Świdwin County
Jelonki [jɛˈlɔnki] (German: Heinrichshütte) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Połczyn-Zdrój, 24 km (15 mi) east of Świdwin, and 107 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 30.

Połczyn-Zdrój
Połczyn-Zdrój [ˈpɔu̯t͡ʂɨn ˈzdrui̯] (Kashubian: Pôłczëno; German: Bad Polzin) is a town in Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 8,372 inhabitants (2010). It is situated on the Wogra River in the historic region of Pomerania.
Chamaesipho
Chamaesipho is a genus of four-plated notochthamaline barnacles in the  Pacific Ocean limited to Australian/New Zealand temperate waters. They are intertidal in preference, and tend to form crowded columnar colonies. They can be identified in the field by having a four-plated wall, an unfused rostrum, and narrow opercular plates. Elminius, which also inhabits the same area, has four plates in its shell wall. However, in Elminius, the rostrum and rostrolatera are fused completely, and the compound rostrum receives the alae of the adjacent carinolaterals. In Chamaesipho, the unfused rostrum bears alae, and closely resembles the carina in appearance.

Notochthamalinae
In the past, Notochthamalinae  has been considered a subfamily of barnacles of the family Chthamalidae. Research published in 2021 by Chan et al. resulted in the genera of the three subfamilies Euraphiinae, Chthamalinae, and Notochthamalinae being assigned directly to the family, without subfamily groupings, and this subfamily is no longer used.
Stephen Macknik
Stephen Louis Macknik (/ˈmæknɪk/ MAK-nik; born August 9, 1968) is an American neuroscientist and science writer.  He is a Professor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Physiology & Pharmacology at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, where he directs the Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience. He directed laboratories previously at the Barrow Neurological Institute and University College London. He is best known for his studies on illusions, consciousness, attentional misdirection in stage magic, and cerebral blood flow.

Macknik is a founding member of the Neural Correlate Society. He serves on the Advisory Board of Scientific American: Mind, and on the Leadership Team of the Center for Emergency Management and Homeland Security at Arizona State University.

SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
The SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (formerly The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn) is a public medical school in Brooklyn, New York City. The university includes the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, School of Health Professions, School of Graduate Studies and School of Public Health.

It is one of seven medical schools located in New York City and the sole medical school in the borough of Brooklyn, serving its 2.6 million residents.
ERB-26
ERB-26 is a synthetic estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERβ. It is the active enantiomer of the racemic mixture ERB-79. Whereas ERB-79 shows 484-fold selectivity for the ERβ over the ERα, ERB-26 differs slightly in that it is even more selective, showing greater than 1,000-fold selectivity for transactivation of the ERβ relative to the ERα. Its EC50 value for the ERβ is 0.21 nM (4-fold weaker than estradiol) and for the ERα is 260 nM (10,000-fold weaker than estradiol). It has no antagonistic activity at either receptor. ERB-26 is active in prevention of prostate cancer development in preclinical models. In contrast to ERB-26, the selective ERα agonist ERA-45 induced prostate cancer development in preclinical models when it was given in combination with testosterone, whereas testosterone alone did not do so. These findings suggest opposing roles of the ERα and ERβ in the prostate gland. The chemical structure of ERB-26 does not appear to have been disclosed.

Transactivation
In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.

In the context of receptor signaling, transactivation occurs when one or more receptors activate yet another; receptor transactivation may result from the crosstalk of signaling cascades or the activation of G protein–coupled receptor hetero-oligomer subunits, among other mechanisms.