hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
De Mailly
The House of Mailly is an ancient and powerful the Burgundian royal and ducal house of the Merovingians and French noble house, originated from Picardy, France. Members of the family held many important political, ecclesiastical and military positions during the Kingdom of France. They also bore and bear the titles of Duke, Marquis, Count and Prince of Orange.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Khari Long
Khari Ahmad Long (born May 23, 1982) is an American former professional football defensive end. He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the sixth round of the 2005 NFL draft. Long was also a member of the Chicago Bears, Dallas Cowboys, Buffalo Bills, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Calgary Stampeders, and Omaha Nighthawks. He played college football at Baylor.

Baylor Bears football
The Baylor Bears football team represents Baylor University in Division I FBS college football. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference.  After 64 seasons at the off-campus Baylor Stadium, renamed Floyd Casey Stadium in 1988, the Bears opened the new on-campus McLane Stadium for the 2014 season.
Åsane Church
Åsane Church (Norwegian: Åsane kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Åsane in the city of Bergen. It is the church for the Åsane parish which is part of the Åsane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The large, red, brick church was built in a circular design in 1993 using plans drawn up by the architect Trygve Dyngeland. The church seats about 600 people. The church was built to replace the Old Åsane Church which had recently had a large fire.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
Poet's Pub
Poet's Pub is a 1949 British second feature ('B') comedy film directed by Frederick Wilson and starring Derek Bond, Rona Anderson and James Robertson Justice. It was written by Diana Morgan based on the 1929 novel of the same title by Eric Linklater. The film was one of four of David Rawnsley's Aquila Films that used his "independent frame" technique.

Rona Anderson
Rona Anderson (3 August 1926 – 23 July 2013) was a Scottish stage, film, and television actress. She appeared in TV series and on the stage and films throughout the 1950s. She appeared in the films Scrooge and The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and on TV in Dr Finlay's Casebook and Dixon of Dock Green.
Chai Prakan
Chai Prakan, sometimes written as Chaiprakan, Chaiprakarn or Chaiprakhan, is home to the district headquarters of Chai Prakan District in the far north of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It lies 145 km from the city of Chiang Mai and 850 km from Bangkok. It is a popular location for vehicles to stop on the way to Doi Ang Khang, Fang, and Tha Ton.

The municipality covers the complete subdistrict Pong Tam and parts of the subdistricts Si Dong Yen and Nong Bua, all within Chai Prakan district.

Doi Ang Khang
Doi Ang Khang (Thai: ดอยอ่างขาง) is a mountain in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It is part of the Daen Lao Range that straddles both sides of the Burmese-Thai border. It is the site of an agricultural station, the first research station set up by King Bhumibol Adulyadej in 1969. The peak of Doi Ang Khang is 1,928 metres (6,325 ft) above sea level, and the agricultural station covers an area of 1,989 rai (318 ha).
Saul Tepper
Saul Tepper (December 20, 1899 – January 1987) was an American illustrator and songwriter.  Tepper studied under illustrator Harvey Dunn at the Grand Central School of Art in New York City.

Tepper began his career with Albert Dorne as a letterer for fashion catalogs but went on to do story illustrations for the most popular magazines of the day.   Additionally, his illustrations appeared in advertising for major companies such as General Electric, Coca-Cola, General Motors, Mobil, and Texaco.

In the 1950s, Tepper created television commercials while an art director for J. Walter Thompson.

Later in life, he became a songwriter whose work was recorded by Nat King Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Glenn Miller, and Harry James.

He was inducted into the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame in 1980.

Society of Illustrators
The Society of Illustrators (SoI) is a professional society based in New York City. It was founded in 1901 to promote the art of illustration and, since 1959, has held an annual exhibition.

Since absorbing the Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art (MoCCA) in 2012, the Society has also promoted the art of comics. In addition to its holding exhibitions in its own Museum of American Illustration, the Society holds the annual MoCCA Festival, an independent comics showcase.
Virgin of the Assumption and St. Michael the Archangel
Archangel Michael fights the devil and the Virgin of the Assumption of the Angels is an oil painting on canvas (243x166 cm) by the Italian Renaissance painters Dosso Dossi and Battista Dossi, dated to about 1533 to 1534 and  preserved at the Galleria nazionale di Parma.

Galleria nazionale di Parma
The Galleria nazionale di Parma is an art gallery in Parma, northern Italy.

Painters exhibited in the museum include Beato Angelico, Fra Angelico, Canaletto, Ludovico Carracci (The Funeral of the Virgin Mary), Agostino Carracci (Madonna and Child with Saints), Correggio, Leonardo da Vinci, Sebastiano del Piombo, Guercino (Susannah and the Elders), Parmigianino (Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine), Tintoretto, and others.
No. 142 Squadron RAF
No. 142 Squadron was a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was formed at RFC Ismailia in Egypt during the First World War. Disbanded in 1920, then re-formed in 1934, 142 Squadron in France, then over occupied Western Europe. In 1942, it was transferred to North Africa where it took part in the North African and Italian campaigns. After the war, it was transformed into a Strategic Missile being eventually disbanded in 1963.

Gransden Lodge Airfield
Gransden Lodge Airfield is a former wartime airfield located 10.1 mi (16.3 km) west of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England.

The Cambridge University Gliding Club (now Cambridge Gliding Centre) moved to Gransden Lodge in October 1991, having previously shared Duxford Airfield with the Imperial War Museum Duxford.
Zimmer Biomet Robotics
Zimmer Biomet Robotics, formerly Medtech SA, is a robotic surgery company founded in 2002 by Bertin Nahum and based in Montpellier, France (Hérault department, in southern France. This company designs, develops and markets robotic assistance for surgical procedures of the central nervous system and other applications such as the knee.

The company went public in a November 2013 with an initial public offering on Euronext Paris. Its ticker symbol and flagship product is ROSA, a robotic surgical assistant designed for minimally-invasive surgery.

Its pre-IPO investors include Newfund, which had acquired 27 percent of Medtech's capital in 2010, Soridec, and Midi Capital.

Knee
In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

It is often termed a compound joint having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components. (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.)
Fort Herkimer
Fort Herkimer was a colonial fort located on the south side of the Mohawk River, opposite the mouth of its tributary West Canada Creek, in German Flatts, New York, United States.

It should not be confused with Fort Dayton, which was located on the north side of the Mohawk River, in what is now Herkimer, New York.

Mohawk River
The Mohawk River is a 149-mile-long (240 km) river in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River, flowing into it in Cohoes, a few miles north of the state capital of Albany. The river is named for the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. A significant portion of the river's valley served as the path of the Erie Canal, key to developing both New York state and the Great Lakes area.  The Mohawk's largest tributary, the Schoharie Creek, accounts for over one quarter (26.83%) of the river's watershed, with West Canada Creek contributing another 16.33% of total.
Nanovid microscopy
Nanovid microscopy, from "nanometer video-enhanced microscopy", is a microscopic technique aimed at visualizing colloidal gold particles of 20–40 nm diameter (nanogold, immunogold) as dynamic markers at the light-microscopic level. The nanogold particles as such are smaller than the diffraction limit of light, but can be visualized by using video-enhanced differential interference contrast (VEDIC). The technique is based on the use of contrast enhancement by video techniques and digital image processing. Nanovid microscopy, by combining small colloidal gold probes with video-enhanced quantitative microscopy, allows studying the intracellular dynamics of specific proteins in living cells.

Contrast (vision)
Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable from a background. Human vision is more sensitive to relative differences than to absolute luminance, so perceived appearance can remain fairly stable despite large changes in illumination.

The maximum contrast of an image is termed the contrast ratio or dynamic range. In images where the contrast ratio approaches the maximum possible for the medium, there is a conservation of contrast. In such cases, increasing contrast in certain parts of the image will necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere. Brightening an image increases contrast in darker areas but decreases it in brighter areas; conversely, darkening the image will have the opposite effect. Bleach bypass reduces contrast in the darkest and brightest parts of an image while enhancing luminance contrast in areas of intermediate brightness.
Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.

Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.

Information is collected on the battlefield through systematic observation by deployed soldiers and a variety of electronic sensors. Surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance are methods of obtaining this information.  The information is then passed to intelligence personnel for analysis, and then to the commander and their staff for the formulation of battle plans. Intelligence is processed information that is relevant and contributes to an understanding of the ground, and of enemy dispositions and intents. Intelligence failures can happen.
Shantideva
Shantideva (Sanskrit: Śāntideva; Chinese: 寂天; Tibetan: ཞི་བ་ལྷ།, THL: Zhiwa Lha; Mongolian: Шантидэва гэгээн; Vietnamese: Tịch Thiên) was an 8th-century CE Indian philosopher, Buddhist monk, poet, and scholar at the mahavihara of Nalanda. He was an adherent of the Mādhyamaka philosophy of Nāgārjuna. Abhayadatta Sri also lists Shantideva as one of the eighty-four mahasiddhas and is known as Bhusuku Pa (布苏固巴).

Two works of Shantideva are extant, the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra and the Śikṣāsamuccaya, both of which were written with the intention of being training manuals for one who intends to follow the path of the bodhisattva. The Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra in particular was the subject of both Indian and Tibetan commentaries during the period it was written and has also received large amounts of attention from both academics and lay practitioners in recent years as well including a commentary written by the 14th Dalai Lama.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Fury Brook Farm
Fury Brook Farm, also Bairdlea Farm, is located on King's Highway in the Town of Chester, New York, United States, just north of the hamlet of Sugar Loaf. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 to help protect the land around it from development.

It was established in 1731, the first farm on the Wawayanda Path, which King's Highway follows. Several decades later many of the horses used by the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War were bred and raised on its pastures.

Chester, Orange County, New York
Chester is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 12,646 at the 2020 census.  Chester contains a village, also called Chester.

Chester is the birthplace of Philadelphia-style cream cheese.
Expository preaching
Expository preaching, also known as expositional preaching, is a form of preaching that details the meaning of a particular text or passage of Scripture. It explains what the Bible means by what it says. Exegesis is technical and grammatical exposition, a careful drawing out of the exact meaning of a passage in its original context. While the term exposition could be used in connection with any verbal informative teaching on any subject, the term is also used in relation to Bible preaching and teaching. The practice originated from the Jewish tradition of the rabbi giving a "Dvar Torah", explaining a passage from the Torah, during the prayer services. Expository preaching differs from topical preaching in that the former concentrates on a specific text and discusses topics covered therein; whereas, the latter concentrates on a specific topic and references texts covering the topic.

Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and laws, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community.

Within each religion, these texts are revered as authoritative sources of guidance, wisdom, and divine revelation. They are often regarded as sacred or holy, representing the core teachings and principles that their followers strive to uphold.
Kamillah Hanks
Kamillah M. Hanks (born September 4, 1972) is an American politician and New York City Council Member for the 49th District on the North Shore of Staten Island.

District 49 includes the neighborhoods of Arlington, Clifton, Clove Lakes, Concord, Elm Park, Graniteville, Livingston, Mariners Harbor, New Brighton, Port Richmond, Randall Manor, Rosebank, St. George, Snug Harbor, Silver Lake, Stapleton, Sunnyside, West Brighton and Tompkinsville.

Clifton, Staten Island
Clifton  is a neighborhood on the North Shore of Staten Island in New York City, United States. It is an older waterfront neighborhood, facing Upper New York Bay on the east. It is bordered on the north by Stapleton, on the south by Rosebank, on the southwest by Concord, and on the west by Van Duzer Street.
Mantamonas sphyraenae
Mantamonas sphyraenae is a species of marine heterotrophic flagellates described in 2021. It belongs to the Mantamonadida, a basal eukaryotic lineage within a clade known as CRuMs. Its diploid genome is the first to be assembled within the CRuMs group.

Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.
Franchère Peak
Franchère Peak is a 2,805-metre (9,203-foot) mountain summit located in the Astoria River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. The mountain was named in 1917 for Gabriel Franchère (1786–1863), a French Canadian author and explorer of the Pacific Northwest who wrote the first account of an 1814 journey over Athabasca Pass. Franchère was a member of John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company and sailed to Fort Astoria on the Tonquin, after which the nearby Tonquin Valley was named. The mountain's name was officially adopted on March 5, 1935 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Aquila Mountain, 2.00 km (1.24 mi) to the north. Mount Edith Cavell is situated immediately south-southeast across the Astoria River valley.

Geographical Names Board of Canada
The Geographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC) is a national committee with a secretariat in Natural Resources Canada, part of the Government of Canada, which authorizes the names used and name changes on official federal government maps of Canada.
Slayton Farms-Round Barn
The Slayton Farms-Round Barn is a historic building located near Iowa Falls in rural Hardin County, Iowa, United States. Frank Slayton had it built in 1915 for use as a dairy barn. The barn is one of 16 that was built by the Johnston Brothers Clay Works from Fort Dodge, Iowa. It is constructed of hollow clay tiles and features a gambrel roof with two different pitches and hay dormer. Two aerators flank the central silo on the roof. The interior of the barn is fashioned around the silo from which silage was shoveled to feed the cattle. An overhead track system and a bucket for hauling materials remains intact. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1999. Purchased by Engel Family in 2023.

Iowa Falls, Iowa
Iowa Falls is a city in Hardin County, Iowa, United States. Iowa Falls is the home of Ellsworth Community College. It is also a regional transportation center, located along U.S. Routes 20 and 65 and the Canadian National and Union Pacific Railroads. The population was 5,106 at the time of the 2020 census.
Charlotte Elizabeth Austin
Charlotte Elizabeth Austin (known as 'Lottie') (née Fullerton; 4 June 1878–21 November 1933) was an Australian community worker. Born on 4 June 1878 to George Fullerton and Georgina Sarah, née Clarke in Dubbo, New South Wales, her early schooling was at Rivière College in Woollahra. She later attended the University of Sydney and graduated with first-class honours in History and English under the supervision of noted historian George Arnold Wood. Lottie was actively involved in education and community organisations across Sydney and Queensland, contributing to church, youth, and women’s groups. She held leadership roles in the London Missionary Society, the Girl Guides’ Association, and the Young Women’s Christian Association.

George Arnold Wood
George Arnold Wood (7 June 1865 – 14 October 1928) was an English Australian historian notable for writing an early work on Australian history entitled The Discovery of Australia.

Throughout his career Wood wrote for the Manchester Guardian, supporting Irish Home Rule and opposing Imperial Federation.

He married Eleanor Madeline Whitfeld and had three sons and a daughter. One of his sons was the journalist Alan Wood, while another was Frederick Wood, professor of history at Victoria University College in Wellington, New Zealand.
Statism
In political science, statism or etatism (from French, état 'state') is the doctrine that the political authority of the state is legitimate to some degree. This may include economic and social policy, especially in regard to taxation and the means of production.

While in use since the 1850s, the term statism gained significant usage in American political discourse throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Opposition to statism is termed anti-statism or anarchism. The latter is usually characterized by a complete rejection of all hierarchical rulership.

Political authority
In political philosophy and ethics, political authority  describes any of the moral principles legitimizing differences between individuals' rights and duties by virtue of their relationship with the state. Political authority grants members of a government the right to rule over citizens using coercion if necessary (i.e., political legitimacy), while imposing an obligation for the citizens to obey government orders (i.e., political obligation).

A central question in political philosophy is "To what extent is political authority legitimate?" Views range from political authority and having no legitimacy (philosophical anarchism) to political authority being virtually unlimited in scope (totalitarianism).
Thika River
The Thika River flows through Kiambu County in central Kenya and is a tributary of the Tana River. The river forms a psychological boundary between the counties of Murang'a and Kiambu.  The Thika River is a significant source of hydroelectric power in Kenya and provides most of the water supply for Nairobi, Kenya's capital and largest city.

The name Thika originates either from the Kikuyu language or from the Maasai language.  It may relate to the Kikuyu word guthika, which means to bury.  It also resembles the Maasai word sika, which means to rub something away from an edge.

Maasai language
Maasai (previously spelled Masai) or Maa (English:  /ˈmɑːsaɪ/ MAH-sye; autonym: ɔl Maa) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania by the Maasai people, numbering about 1.5 million. It is closely related to the other Maa varieties: Samburu (or Sampur), the language of the Samburu people of central Kenya, Chamus, spoken south and southeast of Lake Baringo (sometimes regarded as a dialect of Samburu); and Parakuyu of Tanzania. The Maasai, Samburu, il-Chamus and Parakuyu peoples are historically related and all refer to their language as ɔl Maa.  Properly speaking, "Maa" refers to the language and the culture and "Maasai" refers to the people "who speak Maa".