hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apus in Chinese astronomy
The modern constellation Apus is not included in the Three Enclosures and Twenty-Eight Mansions system of traditional Chinese uranography because its stars are too far south for observers in China to know about them prior to the introduction of Western star charts. Based on the work of Xu Guangqi and the German Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell in the late Ming Dynasty, this constellation has been classified as one of the 23 Southern Asterisms (近南極星區, Jìnnánjíxīngōu) under the name Exotic Bird (異雀, Yìquè).

The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 天燕座 (tiān yàn zuò), meaning "the heaven swallow constellation".

Xu Guangqi
Xu Guangqi or Hsü Kuang-ch'i (April 24, 1562 – November 8, 1633), also known by his baptismal name Paul or Paul Siu, was a Chinese agronomist, astronomer, mathematician, politician, and writer during the late Ming dynasty. Xu was appointed by the Chinese Emperor in 1629 to be the leader of the Shixian calendar reform, which he embarked on with the assistance of Jesuits. Xu was a colleague and collaborator of the Italian Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Sabatino de Ursis and assisted their translation of several classic Western texts into Chinese, including part of Euclid's Elements. He was also the author of the Nong Zheng Quan Shu, a treatise on agriculture.

He is one of the "Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism". The Roman Catholic Church considers him a Servant of God,. On April 15, 2011, Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi announced the start of a beatification process for Xu Guangqi,  which has stalled.
Abda sherd
The Abda sherd graffito is a Phoenician inscription (KAI 8 and TSSI III 10) on a two small connecting fragment of a large vase, dating to c. 900 BC.

It was published in Maurice Dunand's Fouilles de Byblos (volume II, 1926–1932, numbers 9008, plate CXLIV). It was described by Dunand as the second milestone in the history of the alphabet between the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and the reign of the King of Byblos Ahiram.

Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, are the primary extra-Biblical sources for understanding of the societies and histories of Phoenicia, the Israelites, and the Arameans, which includes groups within the Northwest Semitic languages. Northwest Semitic contains the Aramaic and Canaanite languages; the latter groups includes Phoenician—Punic, the Ammonite language, and Hebrew.

Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, ostraca, and ornaments and range from simple names to full texts.

The oldest inscriptions form a dialect continuum that includes Canaanite languages and Aramaic, exemplified by writings which scholars have struggled to fit into either category, such as the Stele of Zakkur and the Deir Alla inscription.
Impedance–pH monitoring
Impedance–pH monitoring is a technique used in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), by monitoring both impedance and pH.

Patients with ongoing symptoms while on proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy are commonly diagnosed with impedance–pH monitoring while continuing their medications. The impedance–pH monitoring diagnostic test determines the frequency of reflux episodes and the time relationship of reflux episodes and symptoms. The impedance–pH monitoring test determines if the patient's symptoms are related to acid reflux, related to nonacid reflux, or not related to reflux of any type. A positive GERD diagnosis is made if acid or nonacid reflux precedes symptoms in a statistically meaningful manner. Patients with a positive impedance–pH monitoring test may benefit from acid-reduction therapy such as fundoplication surgery or endoscopic fundoplication techniques.

Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

There are many types of endoscopies. Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by a doctor or a surgeon. During the procedure, a patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Similar instruments are called borescopes for nonmedical use.
Miłomyśl
Miłomyśl [miˈwɔmɨɕl] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Malechowo, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Malechowo, 10 km (6 mi) west of Sławno, and 166 km (103 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Sławno
Sławno [ˈswavnɔ] (Kashubian: Słôwno, German: Schlawe) is a town on the Wieprza river in Middle Pomerania region, north-western Poland, with 12,511 inhabitants (2019). It is the administrative seat of Gmina Sławno, though not part of it. The town is also the capital of Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Aaron Pugliese
Aaron Pugliese is an American writer, director and producer based in Los Angeles. He is the creator of the web syndicated television show Broke as a Joke.

Pugliese began his career working for Miramax as a college student at the New York University. In 1999, after graduating from NYU, he sold a script called Honky which led to Hollywood re-write work. Later in 2005 he took writing jobs for several productions in South Korea staffed by English speaking NYU alumni. When he returned to Los Angeles, Pugliese and David Lee McInnis, an American born actor working in the Korean entertainment industry, teamed up and produced the syndicated series "Broke as a Joke"

Alumni
Alumni (sg.: alumnus (MASC) or alumna (FEM)) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums (sg.: alum) or alumns (sg.: alumn) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin, meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish".

Alumni may or may not have completed their degree. For example, Burt Reynolds was an alumnus of Florida State University but not a graduate.

Alumni can also be former inmates, former employees, former contributors, or former members of an organization.
2014–15 Swiss Challenge League
The 2014-15 Swiss Challenge League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Brack.ch Challenge League, was the 12th season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier in the Swiss football pyramid. It began on 19 July 2014 and was scheduled to end on 30 May 2015. The league was on winter break between 8 December 2014 and 7 February 2015. Servette were forcibly relegated at the end of the season after their failure to acquire a license for the 2015-16 season.

Academic year
An academic year, or school year, is a period that schools, colleges and universities use to measure the duration of studies for a given educational level. Academic years are often divided into academic terms. Students attend classes and do relevant exams and homework during this time, which comprises school days (days when there is education) and school holidays (when there is a break from education). The duration of school days, holidays and school year varies across the world. The days in the school year depend on the state or country. For example, in most of the US states, there are 180 days in a school year, but in the US state of Minnesota there are 165 days in the year.
Muskan Malik (cricketer)
Muskan Malik (born 8 October 2002, Hindi: मुस्कान मलिक) is an Indian cricketer who primarily plays as a right-handed batter. She plays for Uttar Pradesh and India A, and also played for IPL Supernovas in the Women's T20 Challenge before the tournament ended in 2022.

Women's T20 Challenge
The Women's T20 Challenge, commonly known as WT20 Challenge, was an Indian women's Twenty20 cricket tournament that was held between 2018 and 2022. The tournament featured three teams, playing a round-robin group followed by a final. Supernovas were the most successful team in the history of the tournament, with three title wins.

The tournament was replaced by a new franchise-based annual T20 tournament, the Women's Premier League, which began in 2023.
Zechariah 11
Zechariah 11 is the eleventh of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah. In the Hebrew Bible it is part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 9–14, attributed to the so-called "Second Zechariah", an anonymous successor to the Zechariah of chapters 1-8.

Book of Zechariah
The Book of Zechariah (/ˌzɛk.əˈraɪ.ə/; Biblical Hebrew: זְכַרְיָה‎, romanized: Zəḵaryāh); also Zachariah or, in the Septuagint and Vulgate, Zacharias (/ˌzæk.əˈraɪ.əs/; Koine Greek: Ζαχαρίας, romanized: Zakharías; Late Latin: Zacharias), is a Jewish text attributed to Zechariah, a Hebrew prophet of the late 6th century BC. In the Hebrew Bible, the text is included as part of the Twelve Minor Prophets, itself a part of the second division of that work. In the Christian Old Testament, the Book of Zechariah is considered to be a separate book and consists of fourteen chapters.
Anne Hill (actress)
Anne (Amelia) Hill née Fairbrother (London, 1804–1896, Montreal) was a Canadian stage actress and ballet dancer. She was a popular actress and dancer during her active years in 1846–1861; after her retirement, she had a second career as a dance instructor, in which she also attained fame.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
1985 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1985 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 91st staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.

St. Martin's were the defending champions.

Ballyhale Shamrocks won the championship after a 4–18 to 3–13 defeat of Glenmore in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

Glenmore GAA
Glenmore is a Gaelic Athletic Association club situated in the south of County Kilkenny, Ireland. The club was founded in 1888 and has achieved hurling success at county, provincial and national level. Glenmore has also provided the Kilkenny intercounty team with several top players.
Daniyal Mirza
Daniyal Mirza (11 September 1572 – 19 March 1605) was a prince of the Mughal Empire  who served as the Viceroy of the Deccan. He was the third son of the emperor Akbar and a half-brother of the emperor Jahangir.

Daniyal was Akbar's favourite son, as well as an able general. Like his father, he had fine taste in poetry and was an accomplished poet himself, writing in Hindi and Persian. He died from problems relating to alcoholism at the age of thirty-two, predeceasing Akbar by seven months.

Wolseley Haig
Sir Thomas Wolseley Haig KCIE CSI CMG CBE (7 August 1865 – 28 April 1938) was British soldier, civil servant and academic. He was a civil servant in British India, then Professor at Trinity College, Dublin, and later a Scottish herald.
A Wind Named Amnesia
A Wind Named Amnesia, also known as The Wind of Amnesia in Australia and the United Kingdom, is a Japanese novel authored by Hideyuki Kikuchi, originally published in 1983 by Asahi Sonorama. An anime film adaptation by Madhouse was released theatrically on December 22, 1990, directed by Kazuo Yamazaki. An English adaptation of the film was produced and released by Manga Entertainment on home video in Australia and the UK and by Central Park Media in North America.

Asahi Sonorama
Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. (株式会社朝日新聞出版, Kabushiki gaisha Asahi Shimbun Shuppan) is the publishing arm of The Asahi Shimbun Company, publishing books, magazines, and manga. It replaced Asahi Sonorama (朝日ソノラマ) on 1 April 2008 just after it went bankrupt.
Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie
The Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie is an award presented by the Critics Choice Association to the best performance by an actress in an action film.

This award was first presented in 2021 to Betty Gilpin for her role as Crystal Creasey on The Hunt. The most nominated actresses in this category are Ana de Armas and Joey King, with two nominations each.

The current recipient of the award is June Squibb for her role as Thelma in Thelma.

Betty Gilpin
Elizabeth "Betty" Gilpin (born July 21, 1986) is an American actress. She portrayed Debbie "Liberty Belle" Eagan in the Netflix comedy series GLOW (2017–2019), for which she was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She also starred as Dr. Carrie Roman in the Showtime comedy-drama series Nurse Jackie (2013–2015). In 2023, she starred in the lead role as a nun who battles A.I. in the Peacock science-fiction series Mrs. Davis.

Gilpin has appeared in the mystery thriller film True Story (2015), the science-fiction romantic comedy Future '38 (2017), the fantasy romantic comedy Isn't It Romantic (2019), the drama A Dog's Journey (2019), and the action comedy Stuber (2019). In 2020, Gilpin starred in the horror film The Grudge, the satiric thriller film The Hunt, and the action comedy Coffee & Kareem. For The Hunt, she won a Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie.
Renaissance Club
The Renaissance Club is a golf club in Scotland, located four miles (10 km) west of North Berwick, twenty miles (30 km) east of Edinburgh. It hosted the 2017 Scottish Senior Open, 2019–2025 Scottish Opens, and Ladies Scottish Open in 2019 and 2020.

Women's Scottish Open
The ISPS Handa Women's Scottish Open is a women's professional golf tournament in Scotland on the Ladies European Tour (LET). First played in 1986, it became a regular fixture on the tour schedule in 2010.

Since 2017 it has been co-sanctioned by the LPGA Tour and played in late July, the week prior to the Women's British Open. A 54-hole event from 2007 through 2016, it returned to a 72-hole event. In 2024, the tournament was played in mid-August, after the Olympics in France.
Iñigo Idiakez
Iñigo Idiakez Barkaiztegi (born 8 November 1973) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder or forward, and is a manager.

Beginning his career at Real Sociedad, he appeared in 254 official matches during his tenure while competing in ten La Liga seasons (36 goals scored). In his homeland, he also represented Segunda División clubs Oviedo and Rayo Vallecano. He moved to England in 2004 at the age of 30, where he represented Championship teams Derby County, Southampton and Queens Park Rangers, retiring in 2008; he played for Spain at under-21 and under-23 levels.

Idiakez went into coaching in 2009, working at amateur level in Spain before signing with Apollon Limassol from Cyprus as assistant manager. He moved back to England in 2013, taking up a youth coaching position at Leicester City. He joined Derby County as first-team coach in 2016, before being appointed at Luton Town.

Spain national under-23 football team
The Spain Olympic football team (also known as Spain Under-23, or Spain U-23) represents Spain in international football competitions in the Olympic Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except for the Olympics which allows the men's team up to three overage players. The team is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. Having qualified for six Olympic competitions since 1992, Spain has won two gold medals (1992 and 2024) and two silver medals (2000 and 2020).
Kutz's Mill Bridge
Kutz's Mill Bridge is an historic, American, wooden covered bridge that is located in Greenwich Township in Berks County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
David Bee
David Bee, also known as Ernest Craps, Ernie Sparks, and Manuel Travo (October 17, 1903, Brussels - 1992) was a Belgian jazz musician, arranger, and composer.

Bee was a multi-instrumentalist, adept on clarinet, harp, piano, and alto and tenor saxophone. He played with the group Bistrouille ADO during 1924-1925 before co-founding an ensemble with Peter Packay called Red Beans, a group which toured widely throughout Western Europe. After returning to Belgium, he joined Robert De Kers's band, and also played in Paris with musicians such as Benny Carter and Willie Lewis. He recorded with Gus Deloof in 1940-1941 and played with Robert Bosmans and Chas Dolne later in the decade. He continued recording into the late 1950s.

As a composer, Bee was known for the tunes "High Tension" (recorded by Luis Russell) and "Obsession" (recorded by Ted Heath and Reg Owen).

Benny Carter
Bennett Lester Carter (August 8, 1907 – July 12, 2003) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. With Johnny Hodges, he was a pioneer on the alto saxophone. From the beginning of his career in the 1920s, he worked as an arranger, including writing charts for Fletcher Henderson's big band that shaped the swing style. He had an unusually long career that lasted into the 1990s. During the 1980s and 1990s, he was nominated for eight Grammy Awards, which included receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award.
WTXK
WTXK (1210 AM, "The Ticket") is a sports-formatted radio station licensed to Pike Road, Alabama, United States and serving nearby Montgomery.  The station, established in 1968, is currently owned and operated by Frontdoor Broadcasting, LLC as part of a duopoly with Contemporary Christian station WVRV (97.5 FM). Both stations share studios on Carmichael Way in eastern Montgomery, while its transmitter facilities are located between Montgomery and Pike Road.

WTXK serves as the flagship station of the Troy Trojans and as a local affiliate of NASCAR racing via Motor Racing Network and Performance Racing Network. Programming includes syndicated programming from ESPN Radio.

In addition to the 1210 AM frequency, WTXK also broadcasts its programming on translator W298BC (107.5 FM) licensed to Montgomery. That station broadcasts from a transmitter at the studios of local television stations WAKA-TV, WNCF, and WBMM along Harrison Road in Montgomery.

Transmitter station
A transmitter station or transmission facility is an installation used for transmitting radio frequency signals for wireless communication, broadcasting, microwave link, mobile telephone or other purposes.
Ken De Dycker
Ken De Dycker (born 6 June 1984) is a Belgian former professional motocross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 2004 to 2018. De Dycker represented Belgium at the Motocross des Nations four times and was a member of the winning Belgium team at the 2013 Motocross des Nations event that included Clément Desalle and Jeremy Van Horebeek.

KTM
KTM AG (German pronunciation: [kˌɑːtˌeːˈɛm]) is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and motorsports brand. It traces its foundation to 1934 as Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Mattighofen. Today, Bajaj Mobility AG (formerly Pierer Mobility AG) operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded motorcycles, and KTM Fahrrad GmbH operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded bicycles.

KTM is known for its off-road motorcycles and as a reputed MotoGP constructor.

In November 2025, it was announced that Bajaj Auto had completed the acquisition of a controlling stake in KTM for €800 million, increasing its indirect holding to approximately 75%.
Lúcio Rodrigues
Lucio Rodrigues (born October 26, 1980), aka "Lagarto" (lizard in Portuguese), regarded as the IBJJF Europeans King, is a 3rd degree Black Belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. He is also a fighter (MMA and BJJ) and a teacher. He currently lives and coach in London, UK. Lucio was nicknamed "Lagarto" by Marcio Feitosa, as a joke due to Lucio's resemblance to the reptile. People now use it as a comparison with his abilities on the mat and his regeneration capacities after his cancer.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system
The Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system signifies a practitioner's increasing level of technical knowledge and practical skill within the art. Colored belts worn as part of the uniform are awarded to the practitioner. The ranking system shares its origins with the judo belt-rank system, but the Brazilian system incorporates some minor differences from Judo such as a division between youths and adults and the issuance of stripes and degrees. Some differences have become synonymous with the art, such as a marked informality in promotional criteria, a focus on competitive demonstration of skill, and conservative promotion.
Rudolf Mansfeld
Rudolf Mansfeld (17 January 1901, Berlin – 1960) was a German botanist and agricultural scientist.

For more than twenty years, he served as a curator at the Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum in Berlin-Dahlem, where he specialized in the study of Orchidaceae (orchids) and Euphorbiaceae (spurges). After World War II, by way of a request from agriculturalist Hans Stubbe (1902–1989), he accepted a position as a laboratory technician at the Gatersleben Institute. In 1949, he succeeded Werner Rothmaler (1908–1962) as departmental director. During his last ten years at Gatersleben, he was in charge of the department of systematics.

History of plant systematics
The history of plant systematics—the biological classification of plants—stretches from the work of ancient Greek to modern evolutionary biologists. As a field of science, plant systematics came into being only slowly, early plant lore usually being treated as part of the study of medicine. Later, classification and description was driven by natural history and natural theology. Until the advent of the theory of evolution, nearly all classification was based on the scala naturae. The professionalization of botany in the 18th and 19th century marked a shift toward more holistic classification methods, eventually based on evolutionary relationships.
Hair of the Dog (album)
Hair of the Dog is the sixth studio album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in April 1975. The album was recorded at Escape Studios, Kent, with additional recording and mixing at AIR Studios, London. It is the group's best-known and highest-selling release, with over two million copies sold worldwide.

After three albums with Deep Purple's Roger Glover producing, Manny Charlton stepped into that position, one he filled for several subsequent albums.

Associated Independent Recording
Associated Independent Recording (AIR) is an independent recording company founded in London in 1965 by record producers George Martin, John Burgess, Ron Richards, and Peter Sullivan. In 1970 the company established its own professional audio recording facilities, AIR Studios.