hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swimming at the 1975 Pan American Games – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition of the swimming events at the 1975 Pan American Games took place on 19 October. The last Pan American Games champion was Mark Chatfield of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program
The National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program, often referred to as the National Research Initiative (NRI) was a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) competitive grant program.

Grants were made to scientists at both public and private laboratories for basic and applied agricultural research in priority areas as designated in the research title of the 1990 farm bill (P.L. 101-624, Title XVI), as amended. Grants were awarded competitively through a peer review process.

The NRI was not reauthorized in the 2008 farm bill.

Basic research
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena.  In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques, which can be used to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven simply by curiosity, basic research often fuels the technological innovations of applied science. The two aims are often practiced simultaneously in coordinated research and development.

In addition to innovations, basic research serves to provide insights and public support of nature, possibly improving conservation efforts. Technological innovations may influence engineering concepts, such as the beak of a kingfisher influencing the design of a high-speed bullet train.
Asthall barrow
51°47′20″N 01°34′52″W﻿ / ﻿51.78889°N 1.58111°W﻿ / 51.78889; -1.58111

Asthall barrow is a high-status Anglo-Saxon burial mound from the seventh century AD. It is located in Asthall, Oxfordshire, and was excavated in 1923 and 1924.

Berkshire Archaeological Society
The Berkshire Archaeological Society is the society for the study of the archaeology of the county of Berkshire in England. It was established in 1871 and published annual reports and transactions from 1878 until 1883. In 1889 it began to publish the Quarterly Journal of the Berkshire Archaeological and Architectural Society. This became the Berks, Bucks, and Oxon Archaeological Journal in 1895 and the Berkshire Archaeological Journal in 1931. Electronic archives of the journals are held by the Archaeology Data Service at the University of York.
Tracy Kelly
Tracy Kelly (born 1977 or 1978) is a Northern Irish politician from the Democratic Unionist Party who has served as a member of Belfast City Council representing the Botanic constituency since 2019. Kelly has served as the 84th Lord Mayor of Belfast since 2025.

Botanic (District Electoral Area)
Botanic is one of the ten district electoral areas (DEA) in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Belfast City Council and contains the wards of Blackstaff; Central; Ormeau; Stranmillis, and Windsor. Botanic, along with neighbouring Balmoral, forms the greater part of the Belfast South constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament. It covers large parts of the centre and southern parts of the city.

It was created for the 2014 local elections, largely replacing the Laganbank DEA, which had existed since 1985. The DEA is named after Belfast's Botanic Gardens.
CASTOR calorimeter
CASTOR (standing for "Centauro And Strange Object Research") is an electromagnetic (EM) and hadronic (HAD) calorimeter of the CMS experiment at CERN. It is based on plates made out of tungsten and quartz layers, positioned around the beam pipe in the very forward region of the CMS (at 14.385 m from the interaction point), covering the pseudorapidity range 5.1–6.55. It is used in collider physics, proton-proton collisions and heavy ion collisions, for example lead collisions. It is designed to search for strangelets and centauro events, kinds of exotic matter in the baryon dense, very forward phase region in lead (Pb) collisions at the particle accelerator LHC, CERN near Geneva.

Interaction point
In particle physics, an interaction point (IP) is the place where particles collide in an accelerator experiment. The nominal interaction point is the design position, which may differ from the real or physics interaction point, where the particles actually collide. A related, but distinct, concept is the primary vertex: the reconstructed location of an individual particle collision.

For fixed target experiments, the interaction point is the point where beam and target interact. For colliders, it is the place where the beams interact.
Experiments (detectors) at particle accelerators are built around the nominal interaction points of the accelerators. The whole region around the interaction point (the experimental hall) is called an interaction region.
Particle colliders such as LEP, HERA, RHIC, Tevatron and LHC can host several interaction regions and therefore several experiments taking advantage of the same beam.
Rasol (Romanian dish)
Rasol (Romanian pronunciation: [raˈsol]) is a Romanian dish made from meat, potatoes, and vegetables, which are boiled together. The meat can be poultry (usually chicken, but also duck, goose or turkey), beef, or pork. A chopped up chicken or pork chop are usually used. Potatoes (peeled), carrots, tomatoes and onions are added whole and boiled with the meat. It is usually served together with some of the resulting soup, and with mujdei or horseradish.

Pork
Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (Sus domesticus). It is the second most commonly consumed type of meat worldwide, following poultry, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 8000–9000 BCE.

Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham, gammon, bacon, and pork sausage are examples of preserved pork. Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork.

Pork is one of the most popular meats in the Western world, particularly in Central Europe. It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia (Mainland Southeast Asia, Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor). The meat is highly prized in Asian cuisines, especially in China (including Hong Kong) and Northeast India, for its fat content and texture.

Some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably Islam and Judaism.
Ziya Us Salam
Ziya Us Salam (born 1970) is an Indian author, literary critic, journalist and social commentator, who has been working for The Hindu Group since 2000. In addition to serving as the associate editor for magazine Frontline, he also wrote several columns on sociocultural issues and book reviews for the magazine.

Born in Rampur, his father was Islamic scholar Mufti Abdul Dayem Sahab (died 1983) while his mother is a housewife. Following his study at St. Stephen's College, he decided to work as a journalist in 1995. He has worked for several newspaper, including The Hindu, The Pioneer, The Statesman and The Times of India. He is also an advisory board member of Muslim Mirror.

Muslim Mirror
Muslim Mirror is an independent and non-profit news website founded by Syed Zubair Ahmad in 2012. It is owned and published by the Minorities Media Foundation. The platform works to counter stereotypes about Muslims in India, tracking cases of violence against the Muslim community. It aims to offer a balanced perspective on issues affecting Muslims and disadvantaged groups, challenging mainstream media narratives. It is known for spotlighting flaws in police theories, debunking misrepresentations, and addressing concerns related to Islamophobia and false terror charges against Muslim individuals.
Al-Nasr SC (Dubai)
Al-Nasr CSC (Arabic: نادي النصر الرياضي, romanized: nādī an-naṣr ar-riyāḍī, lit. 'Victory Sports Club') is an Emirati professional football club based in Al Nasr, Dubai and competes in the UAE Pro League. Al-Nasr, literally translating to "victory" in Arabic, was founded in 1945 and is considered as the first and oldest club in the United Arab Emirates.

AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League
The AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League (Arabic: دوري أبطال الخليج للأندية), formerly known as the GCC Champions League, is a regional football competition governed by the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation (AGCFF) for clubs from its eight member nations.

The tournament was founded by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and was first organised in 1982. During its early years, the GCC Club Championship also acted as a qualification tournament for the Asian Club Championship. The last edition organised by the GCC was the 30th edition in 2015, which featured twelve teams, while its attempts to organise the 31st edition failed.

The tournament was relaunched by the AGCFF for the 2024–25 season under the name AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League, featuring eight teams. Duhok are the current champions, having beaten Al-Qadisiya in the 2025 final.
Heidi Schelhowe
Heidelinde "Heidi" Schelhowe (born Heidelinde Heyl 25 March 1949 – 11 August 2021) was a German university professor. She headed the Digital Media in Education department (German: Digitale Medien in der Bildung, DIMEB) in Computer Science and Mathematics at the University of Bremen. From 2011 to 2014, she was the vice-rector for Teaching and Studies there. From 2011 to 2020, she was a member of the ZDF Television Council in the area of science.

Abortion in Germany
Abortion in Germany is illegal except to save the life of the mother but is nonpunishable during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy upon condition of mandatory counseling. The same goes later in pregnancy in cases that the pregnancy poses an important danger to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman. In the case that the abortion is because of a rape, counseling is not mandatory. The woman needs to receive counseling, called Schwangerschaftskonfliktberatung ("pregnancy-conflict counseling"), at least three days prior to the abortion and must take place at a state-approved centre, which afterwards gives the applicant a Beratungsschein ("certificate of counseling").

Doctors provide medication to cause the abortion, and observe to ensure there are no negative reactions to the medication.
Callisto Cliffs
Callisto Cliffs (71°3′S 68°20′W﻿ / ﻿71.050°S 68.333°W﻿ / -71.050; -68.333), rising to 550 metres (1,800 ft), are two cliffs, one forming the southern margins of Jupiter Glacier, the other the eastern margin of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was mapped from trimetrogon air photography taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, and from survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1948–50, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in association with Jupiter Glacier after Callisto, one of the moons of the planet Jupiter.

Jupiter Glacier
Jupiter Glacier (70°57′S 68°30′W﻿ / ﻿70.950°S 68.500°W﻿ / -70.950; -68.500) is a glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 10 nautical miles (19 km) long and 5 nautical miles (9 km) wide at its mouth, which flows east into George VI Sound to the south of Ablation Valley. It was first photographed from the air on November 23, 1935, by Lincoln Ellsworth and mapped from these photos by W.L.G. Joerg. It was roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition, and was named for the planet Jupiter by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey following their surveys in 1948 and 1949.

The glacier lies north of Planet Heights, although Jupiter Glacier is not situated within the mountain range, the glacier (along with many other nearby glaciers named after planets of the Solar System) is so named under the association of Planet Heights even though it is not directly a glacier located within this mountainous range.
TRIB1
Tribbles homolog 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the TRIB1 gene. Orthologs of this protein pseudokinase (pseudoenzyme) can be found almost ubiquitously throughout the animal kingdom. It exerts its biological functions through binding to signalling proteins of the MAPKK level of the MAPK pathway, therefore eliciting a regulatory role in the function of this pathway which mediates proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in cells. Tribbles-1 is encoded by the trib1 gene, which in humans can be found on chromosome 8 at position 24.13 on the longest arm (q). Recent crystal structures show that Tribbles 1 has an unusual 3D structure, containing a 'broken' C-helix region, a binding site for ubiquitinated substrates such as C/EBPalpha and a key regulatory  C-tail region. Like TRIB2 and TRIB3, TRIB1 has recently been considered as a potential allosteric drug target.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Dutch process cocoa
Dutch processed cocoa, Dutched cocoa, or alkalized cocoa, is made from cocoa solids that have been treated with an alkalizing agent to reduce the natural acidity of cocoa, giving it a less bitter taste and darker colour compared to "natural cocoa" extracted with the Broma process. Alkalizing agents employed vary, but include potassium carbonate (E501), sodium carbonate (E500), and sodium hydroxide (E525).

Dutching greatly reduces the levels of certain phytochemicals in cocoa. It forms the basis for much of modern chocolate, and is used in ice cream, hot chocolate, and baking.

Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash, sal soda, and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odorless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants grown in sodium-rich soils, and because the ashes of these sodium-rich plants were noticeably different from ashes of wood (once used to produce potash), sodium carbonate became known as "soda ash". It is produced in large quantities from sodium chloride and limestone by the Solvay process, as well as by carbonating sodium hydroxide which is made using the chloralkali process.
Turavade
Turavade is a small village in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 37 residents in the village. Turavade's geographical area is 70 hectares (170 acres).

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
Cervellati Glacier
Cervellati Glacier (78°23′S 85°43′W﻿ / ﻿78.383°S 85.717°W﻿ / -78.383; -85.717) is a 5 nmi (9 km; 6 mi) long glacier situated on the southeast of Patton Glacier and northwest of Ramorino Glacier on the east slope of Sentinel Range in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It flows northeastwards between Tyree Ridge and Epperly Ridge, and enters Crosswell Glacier southeast of Mount Bearskin. The feature was named by US-ACAN in 2006 after Roberto Cervellati, Italian representative to the SCAR Expert Group on Geographic Information, 1992–2006, and director of the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica in the same period.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
FGC 213 Series
The 213 series is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter and suburban train type operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, providing all passenger service on the Llobregat-Anoia line since 2009. First introduced in 1999, the trains operate as single units or coupled as 6 car double units.

Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Eastern Calatan: [ˌfɛrukəˈrilz ðə lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə], "Catalan Government Railways"; Spanish: Ferrocarriles de la Generalidad de Cataluña), or FGC, is a railway company which operates several unconnected lines in Catalonia, Spain.

The lines operated include metro and commuter lines in and around the city of Barcelona, tourist mountain railways, and rural railway lines. They include 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge route, 140 kilometres (87 mi) of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge route, 42 kilometres (26 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge route, and 89 kilometres (55 mi) of broad gauge route, making the FGC one of the few railway companies to operate on four different gauges.

Whilst most lines are conventional adhesion railways, the FGC also operates two rack railways and four funicular railways.

In 2018, the network carried 87.2 million passengers.
Chavakachcheri
Chavakachcheri (Tamil: சாவகச்சேரி, romanized: Cāvakaccēri; Sinhala: ජාවකච්චේරි, romanized: Jāvakachchēri) is a  town in the Jaffna Peninsula of Jaffna District, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It may have Javanese origins, as the name "Chaavaka+cheari" literally means Javanese settlement (there are also some references to a Javanese fort in northern Sri Lanka). The town may date back to the Southeast Asian occupation of Yalpanam, where certain settlements and forts were established by Chandrabhanu to maintain hegemony over the overseas colony. The town is governed by an Urban Council. Chavakachcheri was badly devastated in the Sri Lankan Civil War. Today, the government and the people of Chavakachcheri have rebuilt the town, but the population remains drastically lower than the pre-war years.

The 111-year-old Chavakachcheri Hindu College, a high school, is a leading centre of education in the town.

Urban Council
The Urban Council (UrbCo) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for municipal services on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon (including New Kowloon). These services were provided by the council's executive arm, the Urban Services Department. Later, the equivalent body for the New Territories was the Regional Council.

The council was founded as the Sanitary Board in 1883. It was renamed the Urban Council when new legislation was passed in 1936 expanding its mandate. In 1973 the council was reorganised under non-government control and became financially autonomous. Originally composed mainly of ex-officio and appointed members, by the time the Urban Council was disbanded following the Handover it was composed entirely of members elected by universal suffrage.
Computational social choice
Computational social choice (COMSOC) is a field at the intersection of social choice theory, theoretical computer science, and the analysis of multi-agent systems. It consists of the analysis of problems arising from the aggregation of preferences of a group of agents from a computational perspective. In particular, computational social choice is concerned with the efficient computation of outcomes of voting rules, with the computational complexity of various forms of manipulation, and issues arising from the problem of representing and eliciting preferences in combinatorial settings.

Preference
In psychology, economics and philosophy, preference is a technical term usually used in relation to choosing between alternatives. For example, someone prefers A over B if they would rather choose A than B. Preferences are central to decision theory because of this relation to behavior. Some methods such as Ordinal Priority Approach use preference relation for decision-making. As connative states, they are closely related to desires. The difference between the two is that desires are directed at one object while preferences concern a comparison between two alternatives, of which one is preferred to the other.

In insolvency, the term is used to determine which outstanding obligation the insolvent party has to settle first.
Evelyne Huber
Evelyne Huber (formerly Evelyne Huber Stephens) is an American and Swiss political scientist specializing in comparative politics and a scholar of Latin America, currently the Morehead Alumni Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where she was the Department Chair for more than a decade. Her work has focused on democracy and redistribution, particularly in Latin America.

Comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government (the comparative study of forms of government).
Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine
Châtillon (French pronunciation: [ʃatijɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 7 km (4.3 mi) from the center of Paris.

The town was formerly named Châtillon-sous-Bagneux, and a relic of this denomination remains in at least one road sign in Vanves (located at the junction Boulevard du Lycée and Avenue Charles de Gaulle, and written as Châtillon s/ B).

The TGV trains are maintained at the "Établissement Industriel de
Maintenance du TGV de Châtillon" (EIM TGV de Châtillon).

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".