hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adolf Vossius
Adolf Vossius (10 February 1855, Zempelburg – 28 June 1925, Giessen) was a German ophthalmologist.

He studied medicine at the universities of Königsberg and Giessen, receiving his doctorate in 1879. Following graduation, he remained at Giessen as an assistant to Arthur von Hippel at the university eye clinic. In 1882 he obtained his habilitation at Königsberg, where five years later, he was named an associate professor. In 1890 he returned to the University of Giessen as a full professor of ophthalmology. At Giessen he opened a new eye clinic on Friedrichstrasse.

In 1906 he described a ring-shaped pigment deposit on the anterior lens surface following trauma to the eye, an injury now known as "Vossius' ring" or as "Vossius' lenticular ring". He described the condition in a paper titled "Über ringförmige Trübungen an der Linsenvorderfläche nach Kontusionsverletzungen des Auges".

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Bush Six
The Bush Six are six former officials of the United States government under the presidency of George W. Bush (2001–09) against whom 
criminal charges were filed in Spain in 2009 by Baltasar Garzón. After appeal of lower court ruling that proceedings could move forward, Spain's National Court dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. In closing the investigation, Judge José de la Mata applied reforms to the universal jurisdiction law introduced by the then-Conservative government which imposed new limits on the jurisdiction of Spanish courts that require that cases involve suspects who are Spanish citizens or are living in Spain.

Office of Legal Counsel
The Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) is an office in the United States Department of Justice that supports the attorney general in their role as legal adviser to the president and all executive branch agencies. It drafts legal opinions of the attorney general and provides its own written opinions and other advice in response to requests from the counsel to the president, the various agencies of the executive branch, and other components of the Department of Justice. The office reviews and comments on the constitutionality of pending legislation. The office reviews any executive orders and substantive proclamations for legality if the president proposes them. All proposed orders of the attorney general and regulations that require the attorney general's approval are reviewed. It also performs a variety of special assignments referred by the attorney general or the deputy attorney general.
Campaigns against corporal punishment
Campaigns against corporal punishment aim to reduce or eliminate corporal punishment of minors by instigating legal and cultural changes in the areas where such punishments are practiced.  Such campaigns date mostly from the late 20th century, although occasional voices in opposition to corporal punishment existed from ancient times through to the modern era.

The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child defines "corporal punishment" as:

any punishment in which physical force is used and intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort, however light. Most involves hitting ("smacking", "slapping", "spanking") children, with the hand or with an implement – whip, stick, belt, shoe, wooden spoon, etc. But it can also involve, for example, kicking, shaking or throwing children, scratching, pinching, biting, pulling hair or boxing ears, forcing children to stay in uncomfortable positions, burning, scalding or forced ingestion.

Committee on the Rights of the Child
The Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is a body of experts that monitor and report on the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The committee also monitors the convention's three optional protocols: the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure. For the Committee, the "best interests of the child" is a threefold concept: it is a substantive right, a fundamental interpretive legal principle, and a procedural rule.
1962 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1962 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on December 10, 1962.

The governing Progressive Conservatives of Premier Walter R. Shaw won re-election with a majority government over the opposition Liberals, led by former Premier Alex W. Matheson.

Alexander Wallace Matheson
Alexander Wallace Matheson (June 11, 1903 – March 3, 1976) was a Prince Edward Island politician.

He was born in Bellevue, Prince Edward Island. He was first elected to the provincial legislature in 1940 as a Liberal, representing the district of 2nd Queens. Not reelected in the provincial election of 1943, he was reelected in 1947 in the district of 4th Kings.

Matheson became minister of health and welfare in the government of Premier J. Walter Jones in 1948 and succeeded Jones as premier and attorney-general in 1953. His government was defeated in the 1959 election but remained Liberal Party leader until 1965 when he retired from politics. In 1967 he was appointed a County Court Judge.
Juan Pablo Hourquebie
Juan Pablo Hourquebie (born May 3, 1976 in Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province) is a field hockey defender from Argentina, who is nicknamed Juanpi. He is a member of the national squad since 1997, and competed in two Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. Hourquebie was on the side that won the golden medal at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, and won the 2005 Champions Challenge tournament in Alexandria, Egypt.

2003 Pan American Games
The 2003 Pan American Games, officially the XIV Pan American Games (Spanish: XIV Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santo Domingo 2003, were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, from August 1 to 17, 2003.  The successful bid for the Games was made in the mid-1990s, when Dominican Republic had one of the highest growth rates in Latin America.

All 42 PASO countries and over 5,223 athletes pre-registered for participation in the XIV Pan American Games. An additional 2,425 trainers and delegates attended. The United States pre-registered the most athletes (713) and Saint Lucia entered the least (6).  The host country entered 562 athletes.
Immenstadt–Oberstdorf railway
The Immenstadt–Oberstdorf railway is a non-electrified, single-track railway in the German state of Bavaria. The standard gauge line branches off the Buchloe–Lindau railway in Immenstadt  and runs via Sonthofen to Oberstdorf. For its whole length it is in the district of Oberallgäu and follows the course of the Iller river. The branch line is operated by Deutsche Bahn. Together with the Neu-Ulm–Kempten railway, the line is also called the Iller Valley Railway (German: Illertalbahn). It is used by timetable routes 970 and 975.

Neu-Ulm–Kempten railway
The Neu-Ulm–Kempten railway is a mostly single track and non-electrified main line from Neu-Ulm via Memmingen to Kempten in the German state of Bavaria. It follows the Iller river for its entire length and is therefore also called the Iller Valley Railway (German: Illertalbahn). The line from Neu-Ulm to Kellmünz is integrated in the Donau-Iller-Nahverkehrsverbund (Danube-Iller Local Transport Association, DING). It is listed in the timetable under the number of 975; between New Ulm and Memmingen it is also served by services running on route 756.
Nevus lipomatosus superficialis
Nevus lipomatosus superficialis (NLS or NLCS, also known as nevus lipomatosis of Hoffman and Zurhelle) is characterized by soft, yellowish papules or cerebriform plaques, usually of the buttock or thigh, less often of the ear or scalp, with a wrinkled rather than warty surface.: 625  It is usually congenital
in origin or appears within the first three decades.

A pedunculated lipofibroma is a solitary variant of nevus lipomatosus superficialis. It usually appears in adult life, and usually on the axilla, knee, ear, arm, scalp and the lower trunk.

In both multiple and solitary variants, the histopathology shows variable amounts of mature lipocytes within the dermis. Occasionally, there is an excessive fibrocollagenous tissue proliferation. The main differential diagnoses are acrochordon, seborrheic keratosis, intradermal melanocytic nevi, neurofibromas, verrucae and fibroepithelioma of Pinkus.

Plantar wart
A plantar wart, also known as a verruca, is a wart occurring on the bottom of the foot or toes. Its color is typically similar to that of the skin. Small black dots often occur on the surface. One or more may occur in an area. They may result in pain with pressure such that walking is difficult.

They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). A break in the skin is required for infection to occur. Risk factors include use of communal showers, having had prior warts, and poor immune function. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms.

Treatment is only needed if it is causing symptoms. This may include salicylic acid, cryotherapy, chemo-based fluorouracil or bleomycin, and surgical removal. The skin atop the lesion should generally be removed before treatment. In about a third to two-thirds of cases, they go away without specific treatment, but this may take a few years. Plantar warts are common. Children and young adults are most often affected.
Bourges
Bourges (/bʊərʒ/ BOORZH; French: [buʁʒ] ⓘ; Borges in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital city of the former province of Berry. It is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Berrichon dialect
Berrichon (French pronunciation: [beʁiʃɔ̃] or [bɛʁiʃɔ̃]) is an Oïl language very closely related to French or a dialect of it traditionally spoken in the historical area of the French province of Berry. The word is also used as a demonym and as an adjective meaning "pertaining to Berry".
Yury Shapkin
Yury Shapkin (born 1 June 1987) is a Russian freestyle skier, specializing in  aerials.

Shapkin was entered at the 2010 Winter Olympics for Russia, but pulled out before the qualifying round of the aerials event.

Shapkin made his World Cup debut in December 2007. As of March 2013, his best finish in a World Cup event is 13th, at a 2009/10 at Calgary. His best World Cup overall finish in aerials is 26th, in 2007/08.

FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup is an annual freestyle skiing competition arranged by the International Ski Federation since 1980. Currently six disciplines are included in world cup: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air. In the 1980s and 1990s there were also ski ballet and combined, which no longer exist.

Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in North America, the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia, east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 22 countries around the world: Australia, Austria, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,  New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States. (note that all world cup races hosted at ski resort in Ukraine was still part of Soviet Union respectively.)
N1 (TV channel)
N1 is a 24-hour cable news channel launched on 30 October 2014. The channel has headquarters in Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade and Sarajevo and covers events happening in Central and Southeastern Europe. Available on cable TV throughout former Yugoslavia, N1 is CNN International's local broadcast partner and affiliate via an agreement with the London-based Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA. As it is focused on the audiences of the three countries in which it is headquartered, it has three separate editorial policies, separate reporters, TV studios as well as internet and mobile platforms. In cases where news overlaps, it is presented jointly.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
Hasan Yiğit
Hasan Yiğit (born 2 January 1975 in Istanbul) is a retired Turkish football midfielder. During his career, Yiğit played for Gaziantepspor, Kocaelispor, Diyarbakırspor, Ankaraspor, Bursaspor, Denizlispor, Sakaryaspor, Çaykur Rizespor and Güngörenspor.

Ankaraspor
Sincan Belediyesi Ankaraspor Kulübü, commonly known as Ankaraspor (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈaŋkaɾaspoɾ]), is a Turkish professional football club based in the country's capital Ankara. Founded in 1978, the club competes in the TFF Second League. The club was known as Osmanlıspor from 2014 to 2020.
LA Ink
LA Ink is an American reality television show on TLC that follows the events of the High Voltage Tattoo (and, later in the series, American Electric) tattoo studios in Los Angeles, California. The spin-off of TLC's Miami Ink, premiered on August 7, 2007.

In August 2011, TLC announced the cancellation ahead of the mid-season four premiere. However, the show was picked back up by the network, and continued for 3 more seasons. All 7 seasons are available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Pendarvis
Pendarvis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Pendarvis, minister

Cleotis Pendarvis (born 1986), boxer

Janice Pendarvis, American singer, songwriter, and voiceover artist

Leon Pendarvis (born 1945), American musician

Marvin R. Pendarvis (born 1989), American politician

Paul Pendarvis (1907–1987), American musician

Leon Pendarvis
Leroy Leon Pendarvis, Jr. (born 1945) is an American session musician and keyboardist best known for his association with the Saturday Night Live Band, where he has served as its pianist, organist, Musical Director and Conductor since 1980. He is also a backing vocalist and an occasional guitarist.
Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Jerez de la Frontera
The Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Jerez de la Frontera is an archaeological museum on the Plaza del Mercado in Jerez de la Frontera, province of Cádiz, southern Spain. The museum occupies an 18th-century building which was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1962.

It was established in 1873 as the Municipal Archaeological Collection, merging collections donated by wealthy individuals, and based at the Old City Hall of Jerez de la Frontera.  The museum opened to the public in 1935. The collection includes a Corinthian helmet, extremely rare in Spain, found near the city's Charterhouse by the river Guadalete. The collection also includes Roman ceramics and other items.

Corinthian helmet
The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took its name from the city-state of Corinth. It was a helmet made of bronze which in its later styles covered the entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and mouth.  A large curved projection protected the nape of the neck.

Out of combat, a Greek hoplite would wear the helmet tipped upward for comfort. This practice gave rise to a series of variant forms in Italy, where the slits were almost closed, since the helmet was no longer pulled over the face but worn cap-like. Although the classical Corinthian helmet fell out of use among the Greeks in favour of more open types, the Italo-Corinthian types remained in use until the 1st century AD, being used, among others, by the Roman army.
Therese Maher
Therese Maher is a camogie player, and winner of Five All Star awards 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2011 and 2013.

She finally got an All-Ireland Medal in 2013 after 16 years when her team defeated Kilkenny in the final 1-09 to 0-07 points. She plays for her club, Athenry. She was also a member of the Galway senior panel that unsuccessfully contested the All Ireland finals of 2010 and 2011 against Wexford. She was Galway camogie player of the year 1998 and 2008 and a member of the Team of the Championship for 2011. She was also an All-Star nominee in 2010.

Camogie
Camogie (/kəˈmoʊɡi/ ⓘ kə-MOH-ghee; Irish: camógaíocht [kəˈmˠoːɡiːxt̪ˠ]) is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women. It is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities.

A variant of the game hurling (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association (An Cumann Camógaíochta). The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a television audience of over 300,000.

UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referred to in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and in 'Fair Play' a detective novel by Irish author Louise Hegarty.
Fevzi Mostari
Fevzi Mostari (also spelled Fawzi or Fowzi, and also known as Fevzi Mostarac; c. 1675–1747) was a Bosnian writer, who authored the Persian work Bulbulistan ("A Place of Nightingales"; also spelled Bolbolestān) in 1739. Written in imitation of the Golestan of Saadi Shirazi (died 1291/2), it is the only extant prose work in Persian by a writer of Bosnian origin. It is viewed as an important artifact of the Bosnian literary tradition. He was born in Blagaj, near Mostar.

He became a member of the Sufi Mevlevi Order during his time in Constantinople.

Mevlevi Order
The Mevlevi Order or Mawlawiyya (Turkish: Mevlevilik; Persian: طریقت مولویه) is a Sufi order that originated in Konya, Turkey (formerly capital of the Sultanate of Rum) and which was founded by the followers of Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi Rumi, a 13th-century Persian poet, Sufi mystic, and theologian. The Mevlevis are also known as the "whirling dervishes" due to their famous practice of whirling while performing dhikr (remembrance of God). Dervish is a common term for an initiate of the Sufi path; whirling is part of the formal sema ceremony and the participants are properly known as semazens.
Misbahul Islam Faruqi
Misbahul Islam Faruqi (18 October 1923 – 14 November 1976) was a Pakistani writer, editor, translator, journalist, thinker and military officer in the British Indian Army.

He was born on 18 October 1923, in Meerut. He received BA from Aligarh Muslim University in 1943. He joined the British Indian Army during World War II and was promoted to the rank of Subedar. Subedar Farooqi was fluent in both Urdu and English.

He died on 14 November 1976 in Lahore and was buried there.

Subedar
Subedar (/sʌbəˈdɑːr/ sub-ə-DAHR) is a military rank in the militaries of South Asia roughly equivalent to that of a warrant officer. Historically classed in the British Indian Army as a Viceroy's commissioned officer, the rank was retained in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army after independence. The rank of subedar is classed as a junior commissioned officer rank in India and Pakistan.
Chinese Taipei men's national ice hockey team
The  Chinese Taipei national ice hockey team  is the national men's  ice hockey  team of the  Republic of China (Taiwan). The team is controlled by the  Chinese Taipei Ice Hockey Federation  and is a member of the  International Ice Hockey Federation  (IIHF). Chinese Taipei currently competes in the  Division II B . As of December 2025, it is ranked 38th in the IIHF World Ranking and 6th in the specialized Asian Ranking.

IIHF World Ranking
The IIHF World Ranking is a ranking of the performance of the national ice hockey teams of member countries of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It is based on a formula giving points for each team's placings at IIHF-sanctioned tournaments over the previous four years. The ranking is used to determine seedings and qualification requirements for future IIHF tournaments. The United States' teams are ranked first in both men's and women's play. Russia's men team has more points overall in the men's rankings but is excluded from the list due to its ongoing suspension from IIHF competition.
Sushil Kumar Singh (politician)
Sushil Kumar Singh (born 27 June 1963) is an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament in the 16th Lok Sabha from Aurangabad Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar. He has been elected as a Member of Parliament  in the 12th Lok Sabha and the 15th Lok Sabha. He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party, which is  ruling party in the Indian Parliament. He was a member of the Standing committee on Coal and Steel, Committee on Public Undertakings and Committee on Petitions. and Consultative Committee of Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways in the 17th Lok Sabha. He joined Bhartiya Janata Party  on 7 March 2014 in presence of Rajnath Singh. Earlier he was associated with Janata Dal (United), the ruling party in the state of Bihar.

In 2024 Indian general election, he lost the Aurangabad, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency to the RJD leader Abhay Kumar Sinha with margin of 79111 votes.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.