hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
J. Thomas Dickinson
J. Thomas Dickinson is an American physicist and astronomer.

H earned a B.A. degree in physics from Western Michigan University in 1963, and a PhD degree in chemical physics from the University of Michigan in 1968. He went directly to Washington State University and was appointed Paul A. Anderson Professor and regents professor, positions he held until his retirement in 2017.  His field research involved laser-materials relations, nanotribology and tribochemistry.

He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Vacuum Society and American Physical Society.

American Vacuum Society
AVS: Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing (formally the American Vacuum Society, Inc.) is a professional and scientific society founded in 1953 as a committee on vacuum technology. The AVS supports networking among its approximately 4,500 worldwide members who include representatives of academia, industry, and government. As a member society of the American Institute of Physics, AVS functions as an association of professionals in the scientific disciplines of materials, interfaces, and processing.

The society organizes events, including an annual symposium, and publishes multiple journals, including the Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology (both sections A and B). Additionally, the AVS is a member of the International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications.
International scale of river difficulty
The international scale of river difficulty is an American system used to rate the difficulty of navigating a stretch of river, or a single (sometimes whitewater) rapid. The scale was created by the American Whitewater Association to evaluate rivers throughout the world, hence international in the title. 
It should not be confused with the internationally used whitewater scale, which is published and adapted by a committee of the International Canoe Federation (ICF). 
The grade reflects the technical difficulty and skill level required associated with the section of river.  The scale is of use to various water sports and activities, such as rafting, riverboarding, whitewater canoeing, stand up paddle surfing, and whitewater kayaking.

International Canoe Federation
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
Helmstedtisuchus
Helmstedtisuchus is an extinct genus of fish. Fossils have been found from Helmstedt, Germany that are late Eocene in age. The genus was originally thought to be a eusuchian crocodylomorph, but it is now known to have been a scombrid teleostean fish.

Eusuchia
Eusuchia is a clade of neosuchian crocodylomorphs that first appeared in the Early Cretaceous, which includes modern crocodilians. Along with Dyrosauridae and Sebecosuchia, they were the only crocodyliformes known to have survived the K-Pg extinction.
Manipur Polo International 2014
Manipur Polo International 2014 or 8th Manipur International Polo Tournament was a polo tournament that was held in Imphal, Manipur, India. It was organised in Mapal Kangjeibung (Imphal Polo Ground), the oldest polo ground in the world.

India had two teams: India-B (Manipur) and India-A (Indian Polo Association team).

The India-B team (Manipur team) won the trophy after defeating South Africa by 7-5 goals. USA won the third place after being defeated by South Africa by 6-7 goals. India-B team (Manipur team) defeated India-A team (Indian Polo Association team) by 7-6 goals.

In this year, Hada Samadon Ayangba is the theme song sung by Mangka Mayanglambam and presented by the Laihui Ensemble of Manipur.

Laihui Ensemble
The Laihui Ensemble is a centre for research on traditional and indigenous performing arts, based on Imphal, Manipur. It was established in 1985.
The association is performing different art shows at different venues across different nations in the world. Mangka Mayanglambam is one of the most active artists of the ensemble, and is trying her best to revive the dying art forms of Manipur including the Moirang Sai.
Prix du Bois
The Prix du Bois is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbreds. It is run at Deauville over a distance of 1,000 metres (about 5 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

Longchamp Racecourse
The Longchamp Racecourse (French: Hippodrome de Longchamp, pronounced [ipɔdʁom də lɔ̃ʃɑ̃]) is a 57-hectare (140-acre) horse-racing facility located on the Route des Tribunes at the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is used for flat racing and is noted for its variety of interlaced tracks and a famous hill that provides a real challenge to competing thoroughbreds. It has several racetracks varying from 1,000 to 4,000 metres in length, with 46 different starting posts.

The course is home to more than half of the group one races held in France, and it has a capacity of 50,000. The highlight of the calendar is the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Held on the first weekend in October, the event attracts the best horses from around the world.

The leather fashion goods company Longchamp got its name from the facility.
Gåsøyane Bird Sanctuary
Gåsøyane Bird Sanctuary (Norwegian: Gåsøyane fuglereservat) is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes Gåsøyane in Bünsow Land. The protected area covers a total area of around 2,400,000 square metres.

Square metre
The square metre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or square meter (American spelling) is the unit of area in the International System of Units (SI) with symbol m2. It is the area of a square with sides one metre in length.

Adding and subtracting SI prefixes creates multiples and submultiples; however, as the unit is exponentiated, the quantities grow exponentially by the corresponding power of 10. For example, 1 kilometre is 103 (one thousand) times the length of 1 metre, but 1 square kilometre is (103)2 (106, one million) times the area of 1 square metre, and 1 cubic kilometre is (103)3 (109, one billion) cubic metres.

Its inverse is the reciprocal square metre (m−2), often called "per square metre".
2010 Speedway Grand Prix of Europe
The 2010 FIM OtoMoto.pl European Speedway Grand Prix was the first race of the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 24 April at the Alfred Smoczyk Stadium in Leszno, Poland.

The Grand Prix was won by defending world champion Jason Crump from Australia, who beat Pole Jarosław Hampel, Russian Emil Sayfutdinov and Polish wild card Janusz Kołodziej.

Poland national speedway team
The Poland national speedway team is the national motorcycle speedway team of Poland and is controlled by the Polish Motor Union (PZM). They are one of the most successful speedway nations of all time.
Pentatonix (album)
Pentatonix is the fourth studio album by American a cappella group Pentatonix, which was released on October 16, 2015.

The release date was announced on Twitter by a series of pictures featuring the five band members released over a five-day-span, with one band member added to the picture each day, culminating in the date being revealed on August 28. It is the group's seventh release overall in their discography.

This is the first release of the band to feature predominantly original material (the only covers being the cover of Shai's "If I Ever Fall in Love" and the bonus tracks on the deluxe version of the album). Pentatonix also marks the first time band members receive individual songwriting credits for the majority of the tracks.

Pentatonix debuted atop the US Billboard 200 chart with 98,000 album-equivalent units, with the album being their first No. 1 album on the chart.

Shai (band)
Shai (pronounced "shy") is an American vocal R&B/soul quartet that rose to prominence in the 1990s. The group met and formed on the campus of Howard University, influenced by the vocal stylings of Boyz II Men, Jodeci, and Color Me Badd, among others. The group remains best known for their 1992 debut single "If I Ever Fall in Love," which peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.
Guglielmo Grasso
Guglielmo Grasso, sometimes anglicized William Grassus (died 1201), was a Genoese merchant, pirate and admiral.

As a trader serving Genoa's leather sector, Grasso was active in the eastern Mediterranean. Around 1192, he turned to piracy in Byzantine waters. A string of high-profile attacks—including the slaughter of three embassies (two Byzantine, one Ayyubid) and unarmed civilians in Rhodes—forced Genoa to disown him. He reappeared in the service of the Emperor Henry VI in the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194 and was rewarded with the County of Malta and the rank of ammiratus (admiral). He lost his county in an uprising in 1198 and briefly returned to Genoa. He was back in Sicily in 1199 taking part in the civil war over the regency for Henry's young heir. After a change of allegiance, he was captured by his former allies and imprisoned in 1200. Genoese efforts to procure his release were rebuffed and he died in prison. Nevertheless, his son-in-law managed to succeed him in Malta.

Amir al-umara
The office of amir al-umara (Arabic: أمير الأمراء, romanized: amīr al-umarāʾ), variously rendered in English as emir of emirs, prince of princes, chief emir, and commander of commanders, was a senior military position in the 10th-century Abbasid Caliphate, whose holders in the decade after 936 came to supersede the civilian bureaucracy under the vizier and become effective regents, relegating the Abbasid caliphs to a purely ceremonial role. The office then formed the basis for the Buyid control over the Abbasid caliphs and over Iraq until the mid-11th century.

The title continued in use by Muslim states in the Middle East, but was mostly restricted to senior military leaders. It was also used in Norman Sicily for a few of the king's chief ministers.
Betty Lee Ongley
Betty Lee Clara Ongley (born January 25, 1926) is an American activist, community leader, educator and mentor who became the first female mayor in the State of Michigan when she was elected in 1973 in Portage, Michigan, a southwestern Michigan city in Kalamazoo County. The Betty Lee Ongley Nature Preserve has been named for Ongley in recognition of her outstanding leadership, mentorships, and service to the city, state and country. In 2023, Ongley was named as the recipient of the Michigan Women Forward's Women of Courage and Achievement Award. The organization describes it as follows: This prestigious award celebrates Michigan women who exemplify commitment to community services, have a proven track record as a mentor and role model for others, and who empower and inspire their community.

Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Kalamazoo County (/ˌkæləməˈzuː/ KAL-ə-mə-ZOO) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the population was 261,670. The county seat is Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo County is included in the Kalamazoo–Portage, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Torrents-Time
Torrents-Time is a browser plugin that allows websites to have the same functionality as the popular Popcorn Time program, without requiring the client to download an application. Released 2 February 2016, sites such as The Pirate Bay and the now defunct KickassTorrents others supported the plugin within days, allowing for in-browser streaming of popular videos. Only two weeks into its history it was attacked by anti-piracy groups on a number of grounds. The security of the plugin has been questioned, especially its reliance on cross-origin resource sharing and parts of its javascript implementation which could end up compromising a target computer and stealing information about the source. However, the Torrents-Time team claims these fears are exaggerations and based "half-truths".

Cross-origin resource sharing
In computing, cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) is a mechanism to safely bypass the same-origin policy; that is, it allows a web page to access restricted resources from a web server on a domain name different from the domain that served the web page.

A web page may freely embed cross-origin images, stylesheets, scripts, iframes, and videos. Certain "cross-domain" HTTP requests, notably Ajax requests, are forbidden by default by the same-origin security policy. CORS defines a way in which a web browser and server can interact to determine whether it is safe to allow the cross-origin request. It allows for more freedom and functionality than purely same-origin requests, but is more secure than simply allowing all cross-origin requests.

The specification for CORS is included as part of the WHATWG's Fetch Living Standard. This specification describes how CORS is currently implemented in browsers. An earlier specification was published as a W3C Recommendation.
Battleship Grey
"Battleship Grey" is a song by Dutch DJ and producer DJ Tiësto featuring vocals from English singer Kirsty Hawkshaw, recorded in 2000. It is included on Tiësto's first album, In My Memory, and on Hawkshaw's album, Meta Message.

The chill-out track was a remix created by Danish duo Miro and led to the 2001 release of a promotional single in the United Kingdom. Three hundred copies of the single were released through Nebula Records for promotional use only. A further hundred copies were pressed through other labels.

Kirsty Hawkshaw
Kirsty Hawkshaw (born 29 March 1969) is an English electronic music vocalist and songwriter. In addition to her work as a solo artist, she is known as the lead vocalist of early 1990s dance group Opus III, and her collaborative work with other musicians and producers.
Central and South Eleuthera
Central and South Eleuthera is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Assembly of the Bahamas. It elects one member of parliament (MP) using the First past the post electoral system. It has been represented by Clay Sweeting from the Progressive Liberal Party since 2021.

Parliament of the Bahamas
The Parliament of The Bahamas is the bicameral national parliament of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The parliament is formally made up of the sovereign (represented by the governor-general), an appointed Senate, and an elected House of Assembly. It currently sits at the Bahamian Parliament Building in Nassau, the national capital.

The structure, functions, and procedures of the parliament are based on the Westminster system.
United Tribes of New Zealand
The United Tribes of New Zealand (Māori: Te W(h)akaminenga o Ngā Rangatiratanga o Ngā Hapū o Nū Tīreni) was a confederation of Māori tribes based in the north of the North Island, existing from 1835 to 1840. It received limited acknowledgement from Great Britain which shortly thereafter proclaimed the foundation of the Colony of New Zealand upon the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi.

Colony of New Zealand
The Colony of New Zealand was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1907. British authority was vested in a governor. The colony had three successive capitals: Okiato (or Old Russell) in 1841; Auckland from 1841 to 1865; and Wellington from 1865. Following the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, the colony became a Crown colony with its first elected parliament in 1853. Responsible self-government was established in 1856 with the governor required to act on the advice of his ministers. In 1907, the colony became the Dominion of New Zealand.
Mona Hanna
Mona Hanna (born 9 December 1976), formerly known as Mona Hanna-Attisha, is a pediatrician, professor, and public health advocate whose research exposed the Flint water crisis. She is the author of the 2018 book What the Eyes Don't See, which The New York Times named as one of the 100 most notable books of the year.

American Journal of Public Health
The American Journal of Public Health is a monthly peer-reviewed public health journal that is independently published by the American Public Health Association. The Journal covers health policy and public health. The journal was established in 1911 and its stated mission is "to advance public health research, policy, practice, and education." The journal occasionally publishes themed supplements. The current Editor-In-Chief is Denys T. Lau.
Josef Adolf
Josef Adolf (14 May 1898 – 30 November 1951) was an Ethnic German Nordic combined skier who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1920s.

Adolf was born in Velká Úpa (Pec pod Sněžkou), Austria-Hungary in May 1898. At the 1924 Winter Olympics he finished sixth in the Nordic combined event. He won a silver medal in the Nordic combined at the 1925 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Johannisbad.

He died in Viechtach, Germany on 30 November 1951, at the age of 53.

Janské Lázně
Janské Lázně (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjanskɛː ˈlaːzɲɛ]; German: Johannisbad) is a spa town in Trutnov District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. It lies in the Giant Mountains and in addition to the spa, it is known as a centre of winter sports.
Athi Mayinje
Athenkosi Mayinje (born 18 January 1996) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Griffons (rugby union) in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. He usually plays as an outside back .

Rugby Challenge (South Africa)
The Rugby Challenge – known as the SuperSport Rugby Challenge for sponsorship reasons – was the secondary domestic rugby union competition in South Africa from 2017 to 2019. The competition was organised by the South African Rugby Union and featured all fourteen South African provincial unions plus Namibian side the Welwitschias and the Zimbabwe Academy. The inaugural season of the competition was in 2017, and was intended as the long-term successor of the Vodacom Cup competition.

The competition was played at roughly the same time as Super Rugby each season, and featured a combination of Super Rugby players returning from injury, reserve players attempting to maintain their fitness levels and younger players trying to break through to the Super Rugby or Currie Cup sides. It therefore served as an important developmental competition for South African rugby.
Teresa Furtado
Teresa Elizabeth Furtado (c. 1845 – 9 August 1877) was an actress at London's Adelphi Theatre where she played leading melodramatic roles for nine seasons.

She was the daughter of Charles Furtado, professor of music in London and composer of ballads. Her appearances at the Adelphi included No Thoroughfare by Wilkie Collins and Charles Dickens (1868) and Esmeralda in Notre-Dame or, The Gipsy Girl of Paris, a dramatized version of Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1875). She also appeared in the premieres of two early works by W.S. Gilbert – as Pocahontas in his 1867 burlesque, Robinson Crusoe at the Haymarket Theatre and as Jenny Wren in his 1867 pantomime, Harlequin Cock Robin and Jenny Wren at the Lyceum Theatre.

In 1873 she married the English actor, John Clarke. Her premature death at the age of 32 led to his breakdown and he died less than two years later. She was buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery.

Adelphi Theatre
The Adelphi Theatre /əˈdɛlfi/ is a West End theatre, located on the Strand in the City of Westminster, central London. The present building is the fourth on the site. The theatre has specialised in comedy and musical theatre, and today it is a receiving house for a variety of productions, including many musicals. The theatre was Grade II listed for historical preservation on 1 December 1987.
Education for Death
Education for Death: The Making of the Nazi is an American animated anti-Nazi propaganda short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released on January 15, 1943, by RKO Radio Pictures, shown in theaters with Fighting Frontier. The film is directed by Clyde Geronimi and principally animated by Milt Kahl, Ward Kimball, Frank Thomas, and Bill Tytla. The short is based on the non-fiction book of the same name by American author Gregor Ziemer. The film features the story of Hans, a boy born and raised in Nazi Germany, his indoctrination in the Hitlerjugend, and his eventual march to war.

Ward Kimball
Ward Walrath Kimball (March 4, 1914 – July 8, 2002) was an American animator employed by Walt Disney Animation Studios. He was part of Walt Disney's main team of animators, known collectively as Disney's Nine Old Men. His films have been honored with two Academy Awards for Best Animated Short Film.

Outside of his job as an animator, Kimball was a railroad enthusiast as well as a talented jazz trombonist. He founded and led the seven-piece Dixieland band Firehouse Five Plus Two, in which he played the trombone.
The Scarlet West
The Scarlet West is a 1925 American silent historical drama film directed by John G. Adolfi and starring Robert Frazer and Clara Bow. It was distributed by the First National company.

This was an ambitious silent film made by an independent producer about George Armstrong Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn. It was filmed on location at Dolores, Colorado.

Robert Frazer
Robert Frazer (born Robert William Browne, June 29, 1891 – August 17, 1944) was an American actor who appeared in some 224 shorts and films from the 1910s until his death. He began in films with the Eclair company which released through Universal Pictures.
Sarah Hipperson
Sarah Hipperson (née Hanlon) (1927 – 8 October 2018) was a midwife, magistrate and peace campaigner who spent 17 years living at the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp on RAF Greenham Common protesting against the siting of American nuclear cruise missiles in the United Kingdom. In 1982, she founded Catholic Peace Action. Her nonviolent resistance resulted in over 20 imprisonments and several appearances in court. She lived to see the transformation of Greenham Common back into use by the public and was one of the last four women to leave the camp. She appeared as herself in the documentary Margaret Thatcher: The Woman Who Changed Britain.

In Hipperson's book, Greenham Common: Non-Violent Women v The Crown Prerogative, she documented her legal challenges during her anti-war campaigning.

Cruise missile
A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled guided missile that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large payload over long distances with high precision. Modern cruise missiles are capable of traveling at high subsonic, supersonic, or hypersonic speeds, are self-navigating, and are able to fly on a non-ballistic, extremely low-altitude trajectory.
Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government
The foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government concerns the policy initiatives made by Turkey towards other states under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan during his tenure as prime minister from 2003 to 2014.

Prime Minister of Turkey
The prime minister of Turkey, officially the prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı), was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Turkish Parliament and presided over the cabinet. Throughout the political history of Turkey, functions and powers of the post have changed occasionally. Prior to its dissolution as a result of the 2017 Constitutional Referendum, the holder of the premiership was generally the dominant figure in Turkish politics, outweighing the president.