hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jiya Township
Jiya (Uyghur: جىيا يېزىسى; ULY: Jiya Yëzisi; USY: Җия Йезиси; simplified Chinese: 吉亚乡; traditional Chinese: 吉亞鄉; pinyin: Jíyà Xiāng) is a township in the northeastern part of Hotan City in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China in an oasis area on the eastern bank of the White Jade River in the southwestern part of the Taklamakan Desert. To the north and east, Jiya borders Lop County, the county which Jiya was a part of until 2006, and to the south and west, Jiya borders the rest of Hotan city.

Taklamakan Desert
The Taklamakan Desert (/ˌtækləməˈkæn/ TAK-lə-mə-KAN) is a desert in northwest China. Located inside the Tarim Basin in Southern Xinjiang, it is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains to the west, the Tian Shan range to the north, and the Gobi Desert to the east.
Construction of an irreducible Markov chain in the Ising model
Construction of an irreducible Markov Chain is a mathematical method used to prove results related the changing of magnetic materials in the Ising model, enabling the study of phase transitions and critical phenomena.

The Ising model, a mathematical model in statistical mechanics, is utilized to study magnetic phase transitions and is a fundamental model of interacting systems. Constructing an irreducible Markov chain within a finite Ising model is essential for overcoming computational challenges encountered when achieving exact goodness-of-fit tests with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
March 24 strike
On March 24, 1976, the Congolese Trade Union Confederation (CSC) organized a major strike. The strike was called in the back-drop of a helicopter accident in which the president, Marien Ngouabi, was injured. The CSC demanded the rehabilitation of the Central Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour.

The strike was violently repressed by the regime. Several key personalities, such as Pascal Lissouba (former Prime Minister), Pierre Nzé (former second-in-command in the party hierarchy), Anatole Kondo (general secretary of CSC) and Jean-Jules Okabando (leader of the Congolese Socialist Youth Union), were arrested. However, there had been no clear linkages between Lissouba and the other three arrested personalities. Once Ngouabi reassumed power from the interim leader, Jean-Pierre Thystère-Tchicaya, the four were sent for re-education in the villages and spared from imprisonment.

Pascal Lissouba
Pascal Lissouba (15 November 1931 – 24 August 2020) was a Congolese politician who was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo and served from 31 August 1992 until 25 October 1997. He was overthrown by his predecessor and current president Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war.
Harrisburg School District (Arkansas)
Harrisburg School District (or Harrisburg Public Schools) is an accredited public school district based in Harrisburg, Arkansas, United States. The school district encompasses 58.77 square miles (152.2 km2) of land in Poinsett County, Arkansas, including Harrisburg, Fisher, Waldenburg, and Weiner.

The district from its five facilities provides comprehensive education for pre-kindergarten through grade 12 and is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and has been accredited by AdvancED since 2009.

Arkansas Department of Education
The Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) is a cabinet-level agency of the Arkansas state government overseeing public education for K-12, higher education institutions, and career and technical education.

The ADE also contains the Arkansas State Library, the Arkansas School for the Deaf, Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission.
Al-Luqaimi
Mustafa As'ad al-Luqaimi, (Arabic: مصطفى أسعد اللقيمي, 1693-1765) was an Arab traveler born in Damietta, Egypt, whose family hailed from the village of Luqaim in Hejaz. He died in Damascus. He is known for his visit to Jerusalem which he chronicled in his book Mawāniḥ al-uns bi-riḥlatī li-Wādī al-Quds; in his work, he listed the many scholars and holy men buried in the neighborhood of Mamilla. During the visit, he joined the Sufi Khalwati order at the hands of its leader Mustafa ibn Kamal ad-Din al-Bakri.

Mamilla
Mamilla (Hebrew: ממילא) is a neighbourhood of Jerusalem that was established in the late 19th century outside the Old City, west of the Jaffa Gate. Until 1948 it was a mixed Jewish–Arab business district. Between 1948 and 1967, it was located along the armistice line between the Israeli and Jordanian-held sector of the city, and many buildings were destroyed by Jordanian shelling. The Israeli government approved an urban renewal project for Mamilla, apportioning land for residential and commercial zones, including hotels and office space. The Mamilla Mall opened in 2007.
San Marcos Mountains
The San Marcos Mountains are a mountain range in northwestern San Diego County, Southern California.

They are a small range of the Peninsular Ranges System.

Native undeveloped habitats of the San Marcos Mountains are in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.

It includes communities such as San Elijo Hills and Elfin forest.

San Elijo Hills, San Marcos, California
San Elijo Hills is a master-planned community in the southwest of San Marcos, California, built by San Elijo Hills Development Company, and managed by HomeFed Corporation. San Elijo is home to three of the largest schools in San Marcos Unified School District. Unlike the rest of San Marcos, San Elijo Hills has its own town center, featuring a public park (including a stage and seating for community events), a clock tower, a fountain, and rows of shops and restaurants.
Al Cherney
Alexander Peter Chernywech (November 1, 1932 – August 25, 1989) recording as Al Cherny,  was a Canadian fiddler. He studied with Frank Nowak and played country music on CHAT-FM.

Cherney won the Canadian Old Time Fiddlers' Contest in Ontario, under the novelty class from 1959 to 1961 and the open class in both 1960 and 1961.

In the early 1970s, he was a leading studio musician, recording with musician like Gary Buck, Dick Damron, Tommy Hunter, Jesse Winchester and Sylvia Tyson. He released more than ten studio albums and received an RPM Big Country Award for Top Country Instrumentalist in 1978.

From 1964, until his passing in 1989, Cherny was a regular, featured musician on the CBC's The Tommy Hunter Show.  Cherny met Tommy Hunter when he worked at CKNX in Wingham, Ontario.

Canadian Open Old Time Fiddle Championship
The Canadian Open Old-Time Fiddling Championship is one of the most important fiddle festivals in Canada. Founded in 1951, the contest was held annually in early August in Shelburne, Ontario. In the 2010s, it also became part of the Heritage Music Festival. It was the second longest-running fiddle competition in the country (behind the Maritime Fiddle Festival in Nova Scotia), although the contest has not been held since 2019. Several of the top fiddlers in Ontario have won the contest, including Pierre Schryer, Louis Schryer, Graham Townsend, Eleanor Townsend, Frank Leahy, Julie Fitzgerald, Shane Cook, and Scott Woods.
2025 Italian GT Championship Endurance Cup
The 2025 Italian GT Championship Endurance Cup was the thirty-fourth season of the Italian GT Championship. The season began on 2 May at Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli and finished on 14 September at Autodromo Internazionale del Mugello.  The races are contested with GT3-spec cars, and GT Cup-spec cars in two different divisions, Division 1 for Ferrari Challenge (296) and Lamborghini Super Trofeo cars and Division 2 for Ferrari Challenge (488) and Porsche Carrera Cup cars.

Misano World Circuit
The Misano World Circuit (officially known as Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli or Misano Circuit Sic 58, and before 2006 called Circuito Internazionale Santa Monica Misano) is a 4.226 km (2.626 mi) race track located next to the town of Misano Adriatico (Province of Rimini) in the frazione of Santa Monica-Cella. Originally designed in 1969 as a length of 3.488 km (2.167 mi), it hosted its first event in 1972. In 1993, the track length was increased to 4.064 km (2.525 mi).

As of 2007, it began hosting the San Marino and Rimini Riviera motorcycle Grand Prix as part of the MotoGP World Championship.

In 2012, the track was renamed to commemorate Marco Simoncelli, a local motorcycle racer who died in 2011.
Miss Connecticut's Teen
The Miss Connecticut's Teen competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the U.S. state of Connecticut in the Miss America's Teen pageant.

Haylee Patton of Bristol was crowned Miss Connecticut's Teen 2025 on June 28, 2025, at the Ridgefield Playhouse in Ridgefield, Connecticut. She competed for the title of Miss America's Teen 2026 in September 2025.

In January 2023, the official name of the pageant was changed from Miss Connecticut's Outstanding Teen, to Miss Connecticut's Teen, in accordance with the national pageant.

Ridgefield Playhouse
The Ridgefield Playhouse is a theater located in Ridgefield, Connecticut, with a capacity of 500. It hosts a variety of entertainment events such as the showing of films, plays and musical performances.
Sandy Barwick
Sandra May Barwick MBE (born 1949) is a New Zealand ultramarathon runner who set a new six-day track world record in Campbelltown, Australia, 18–24 November 1990. Covering 549 miles 110 yards in six days, Barwick set a record that was not broken until Camille Herron covered 560.330 miles in March 2024.

In the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours, Barwick was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to athletics.

Campbelltown, New South Wales
Campbelltown is a suburb in Outer South Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district by road. Campbelltown is the administrative centre for the City of Campbelltown local government area.
Ovingdean Hall School
Ovingdean Hall School (OHS) now OIC Brighton was a special day and boarding secondary school for the severely and profoundly deaf children and young people including those with additional special needs. It closed in July 2010. The former school's site is in a rural setting in the village of Ovingdean, near Brighton, East Sussex, England. Many deaf and hard of hearing children attended the school from all over the UK and sometimes from other English-speaking nations. It was constituted as a registered charity under English law.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
Keith Nosbusch
Keith Nosbusch was the chairman and CEO of Rockwell Automation Inc., one of the world largest industrial automation companies. He was appointed the company's CEO in 2004 and chairman in 2005. Before that, he worked as senior vice president and president of Rockwell Automation Control Systems.

Nosbusch is also a director of the Manitowoc Company Inc. and director or member of a number of business, civic and community organizations.

Nosbusch graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor's degree in electrical and computer engineering in 1974. He earned his master's degree in business administration from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1976.

In April 2016, Rockwell Automation announced that Keith Nosbusch would be replaced by Blake Moret as CEO. Nosbusch would become chairman.

In 2022, Nosbusch received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

The Manitowoc Company
The Manitowoc Company, Inc. is an American manufacturer which produces cranes and previously produced commercial refrigeration and marine equipment. It was founded in 1902 and, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, designs, manufactures, markets, and supports mobile telescopic cranes, tower cranes, lattice-boom crawler cranes, and boom trucks under the Grove, Manitowoc, National Crane, Potain, Shuttlelift and Manitowoc Crane Care brand names.
Jeremy Faison
Jeremy Faison (born September 14, 1976) is an American politician and businessman serving as a Republican member of the Tennessee House of Representatives, representing District 11, which includes all of Cocke County and part of Hamblen and Jefferson counties. He has held office since 2011 and is a member of the Republican Party.

Faison serves as Chairman of the Tennessee House Republican Caucus, and has been involved in several legislative committees, including Finance, Commerce, Government Operations, and Rules.

Cocke County, Tennessee
Cocke County is a county on the eastern border of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,999. Its county seat is Newport. Cocke County comprises the Newport, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Knoxville-Morristown-Sevierville, Tennessee Combined Statistical Area.
Rikke Sevecke
Rikke Læntver Sevecke (born 15 June 1996) is a Danish former professional football player who last played as a defender for the Portland Thorns in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). In 2016, she won her first cap for the senior Denmark national team. In January 2024 she ended her career due to a heart disease.

University of Northwestern Ohio
The University of Northwestern Ohio (UNOH) is a private university in Lima, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1920 and grants associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees across more than 50 disciplines within five constituent colleges. As of fall 2023, the university had an enrollment of approximately 2,600 students.
Faisal Iqbal (cricketer)
Faisal Iqbal (Urdu: فیصل اقبال; born 30 December 1981) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former cricketer who played for the Pakistan national cricket team in Tests and One Day Internationals.

Previously, he played for Karachi Region, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), Pakistan National Shipping Corporation, Sindh Dolphins and Pakistan A in first class, List A and T20 cricket.

He is now a coach and also appears as an expert cricket analyst on different TV channels.

Pakistan International Airlines cricket team
Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) cricket team was a first-class cricket side sponsored by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), and was based in Karachi before its disestablishment in 2020. The  side has won the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy more times than anyone else except Karachi.

They played their first first-class match in May 1961, under the captaincy of Hanif Mohammad, and their last in November 2016, captained by Fahad Iqbal. They played 407 first-class matches, with 159 wins, 73 losses and 175 draws.
Stewart Nozette
Stewart David Nozette (born May 20, 1957) is an American planetary scientist, technologist, and consultant who worked for the United States Department of Energy, the United States Department of Defense, DARPA, the United States Naval Research Laboratory,  and NASA. He is also a convicted felon for attempted espionage and fraud against the United States. The FBI arrested him on October 19, 2009, charging him with attempted espionage after a sting operation which Nozette's lawyer claims amounted to entrapment. At trial, Nozette admitted attempting to sell U.S. classified information to someone he believed was an Israeli Mossad operative, but was in reality an undercover Federal Bureau of Investigation employee. He pleaded guilty to one charge of attempted espionage and was sentenced, under the terms of a plea bargain, to thirteen years in prison. After serving time at the Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute, Nozette was released on November 13, 2020.

Mossad
The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, romanized: ha-Mosád le-Modiʿín u-le-Tafkidím Meyuḥadím), popularly known as Mossad (UK: /ˈmɒsæd/ MOSS-ad, US: /moʊˈsɑːd/ moh-SAHD), is the national intelligence agency of the State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security).

Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the prime minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around ₪10 billion (US$2.73 billion), and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. The organization has orchestrated many assassination plots across a variety of locations.
Dharpalle
Dharpally is a village and a mandal in Nizamabad district in the state of Telangana in India. Dharpally is a major Town in Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency Dharpally is 15 kilometres distance from the NH44.
Dharpally located the center from the Three District Headquarters
It's 40 KM long from the District Headquarter Nizamabad. It's 38KM long from the District Headquarter kamareddy and it's 65 KM long from the District Headquarter of Siricilla

Nizamabad, Telangana
Nizamabad, also informally known as Induru or Indur, is a city in the Indian state of Telangana. It is governed by the municipal corporation and is the headquarters of the Nizamabad district. Previously part of Hyderabad State and then Andhra Pradesh state, Nizamabad became a part of the newly formed state of Telangana under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. It is located about 186 kilometres (116 mi) north of the state capital, Hyderabad.
Daniel Foley (jurist)
Daniel R. Foley (born 1946) is an American retired attorney and judge, who served on the Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals from 2000 to 2016. A civil rights attorney known for his support of legalizing same-sex marriage, Foley was appointed by Governor Ben Cayetano in July 2000 and confirmed in August of that year. Known primarily for representing three couples in Baehr v. Miike, the first American case in which gay couples sued a state for the right to marry, Foley was appointed to the Supreme Court of Palau as an Associate Justice in 2011.

Ben Cayetano
Benjamin Jerome Cayetano (born November 14, 1939) is an American politician and author who served as the fifth governor of Hawaii from 1994 to 2002. He is the first Filipino American to serve as a state governor in the United States.
Beretta U22 Neos
The Beretta U22 Neos is a .22 Long Rifle semi-automatic, single-action pistol using a slide blow-back system, that has been manufactured in the United States since 2002 by Beretta USA. The pistol will accept interchangeable 4.5, 6 or 7.5 in (110, 150 or 190 mm) barrels in blued or stainless steel finishes. Each barrel incorporates a built-in Weaver-style rail to accommodate optics or accessories. Beretta markets the Neos as a modern, reasonably priced pistol suitable for a beginner, yet is customizable to suit the experienced marksman.

In addition to the United States and Canada, the U22 Neos is listed for sale by Beretta distributors in Australia, France and some other European countries.

Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.
Ugly duckling theorem
The ugly duckling theorem is an argument showing that classification is not really possible without some sort of bias. More particularly, it assumes finitely many properties combinable by logical connectives, and finitely many objects; it asserts that any two different objects share the same number of (extensional) properties. The theorem is named after Hans Christian Andersen's 1843 story "The Ugly Duckling", because it shows that a duckling is just as similar to a swan as two swans are to each other. It was derived by Satosi Watanabe in 1969.: 376–377

Hans Christian Andersen
Hans Christian Andersen (/ˈændərsən/ AN-dər-sən; Danish: [ˈhænˀs ˈkʰʁestjæn ˈɑnɐsn̩, - ˈkʰʁæs-] ⓘ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales.

Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of 156 stories across nine volumes, have been translated into more than 125 languages. They have become embedded in Western collective consciousness, accessible to children as well as presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature readers. His most famous fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Little Mermaid", "The Nightingale", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea", "The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Match Girl", and "Thumbelina." Andersen's stories have inspired ballets, plays, and animated and live-action films.
Rajampet Assembly constituency
Rajampet Assembly constituency is a constituency in Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments in Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency.

Akepati Amarnath Reddy is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections from YSR Congress Party. As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 222,274 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 13 May 2024 for constituting the sixteenth Andhra Pradesh Assembly. They were held alongside the 2024 Indian general election. The election results were declared on 4 June 2024.

The political alliance Kutami, led by the Telugu Desam Party, won the election in a landslide, winning 164 of the 175 seats. The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won 135 out of 144 contested seats. In comparison, the Janasena Party (JSP) won all the 21 seats it contested and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 8 out of 10 contested seats. The incumbent YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) only won 11 seats. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) comprising Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats, for the third time continuously in a row.