hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Octavian Cuthbert
Edward Octavian Cuthbert (December 3, 1826 – July 28, 1890) was a Quebec politician of independent means. He represented Berthier in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1875 to 1887.

He was born in Berthier, Lower Canada in 1826, the son of James Cuthbert and Mary-Louise Amable Cairns, and was educated at Chambly College. He served as mayor of Berthier from 1868 to 1873 and from 1877 to 1878. Cuthbert was also president of the County Agricultural Society. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Quebec assembly in 1867. He was elected to the House of Commons in an 1875 by-election held after the sitting member was named to the Senate.

In 1853, Cuthbert married Mary Bostwick. In 1849, he had inherited the seigneury of Berthier of which he was the last seigneur.

Berthierville
Berthierville (/ˈbɛərtjeɪvɪl/; French pronunciation: [bɛʁtjevil]; also called Berthier-en-haut, and legally called Berthier before 1942) is a town located between Montreal and Trois-Rivières on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. Berthierville is the seat of D'Autray Regional County Municipality, and is served by Autoroute 40, and is the junction of Routes 138 and 158. It is surrounded by the parish municipality of Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier.

The Marie Reine du Canada Pilgrimage column stops at the church of Sainte-Geneviève de Berthierville for Mass on the first day of its three-day walk from Lanoraie to Cap-de-la-Madeleine.
Fantí Rasu
Fantí Rasu, also known as Administrative Zone 4, is a zone in Afar Region of Ethiopia. This zone is bordered on the south and east by Awsi Rasu, on the southwest by the Amhara Region, on the northwest by the Tigray Region, and on the north by Kilbet Rasu. The administrative center of the Zone is Kaluwan (also named Gulina); the largest town is Dibina.

Afar people
The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the East Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Spectacle Islands
Spectacle Island is an undeveloped island in the West Isles Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, where the Bay of Fundy enters Passamaquoddy Bay.

In 1929, author Frances Gillmor published "Thumbcap Weir" which was set on a West Isles Parish, New Brunswick island titled "Deadman's Island" which was connected at low tide to a "Thumbcap" which held a herring weir. The island appears to have been modeled off Jouett's Island and Hospital Island and situated impossibly north of Spectacle Islands but south of White Horse Island.

Bay of Fundy
The Bay of Fundy (French: Baie de Fundy) is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine and part of the Atlantic Ocean. It has the highest tidal range in the world, averaging about 16 metres (52 ft) due to tidal resonance in its funnel-shaped basin. In one half-day tidal cycle, around 100 billion tonnes (110 billion short tons) of water flows in and out, twice the combined flow of all the world's rivers.
Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin
Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin is a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It has a wide spectrum of cytolytic activity.

It is among other toxins produced by S. aureus and is part of the phenol-soluble modulin peptide family.  Its alpha-helical, amphipathic structure gives it detergent-like properties, allowing it to disrupt and attach to the cytoplasmic membrane of a cell non-specifically, without a receptor, and integrate into the membrane. Delta toxin degrades the membrane on contact and forms short-lived pores, causing cell lysis and subsequent cell death.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Patrick Marran
Patrick Marran is a South African politician who served as a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament for the African National Congress from May 2019 until May 2024. Marran is the party's spokesperson on agriculture.

Marran is a former councillor in the Breede Valley Local Municipality and a former chairperson of the ANC's Boland region.

Marran left the Provincial Parliament at the 2024 provincial election.

Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape)
In the Western Cape province of South Africa, Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is the designation given to members of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament.

The Western Cape is the only South African province to refer to its legislature as the Provincial Parliament; in the other eight provinces the designation for legislators is Member of the Provincial Legislature (MPL).
Ho-Chunk mythology
The Hocągara (Ho-Chungara) or Hocąks (Ho-Chunks) are a Siouan-speaking Native American Nation originally from Wisconsin and northern Illinois. Due to forced emigration in the 19th century, they now constitute two individual tribes; the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. They are most closely related to the Chiwere peoples (the Iowa, Otoe, and Missouria), and more distantly to the Dhegiha (Quapaw, Kansa, Omaha, Ponca, and Osage).

Kaw people
The Kaw Nation (Kansa: Kaáⁿze), also known as the Kanza or Kansa, is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Oklahoma and parts of Kansas. The Kaw people historically lived in the central Midwestern United States. They have also been called the "People of the South Wind", "People of Water", Kansa, Kaza, Konza, Conza, Quans, Kosa, and Kasa. Their tribal language is Kansa, classified as a Siouan language.

The state of Kansas was named for this tribe. The name of Topeka, capital city of Kansas, is said to be the Kaw word Tó Ppí Kˀé meaning 'a good place to grow potatoes'. The Kaw are closely related to the Osage Nation, with whom members often intermarried.
Alexandria Center of Arts
The Alexandria Center of Arts (Arabic: مركز الاسكندرية للابداع, Alexandria Center for Creativity) is an arts center, community exhibitions space and cultural center in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, overseen by the Egyptian Ministry of Culture. The center was officially opened on 29 October 2001, by Farouk Hosni, Minister of Culture, and then-President Hosni Mubarak's wife, Suzanne Mubarak.

Suzanne Mubarak
Suzanne Saleh Mubarak (Arabic: سوزان مبارك [suˈzæːn moˈbɑːɾɑk], née Thabet [ثابت]; born 28 February 1941) is the widow of Egyptian former president Hosni Mubarak and was the First Lady of Egypt during her husband's presidential tenure from 14 October 1981 to 11 February 2011. She has served as Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and founded the Cairo Child Museum in collaboration with the British Museum.
Bairi Sawai
26°33′06″N 80°04′46″E﻿ / ﻿26.55170449225546°N 80.07940584852649°E﻿ / 26.55170449225546; 80.07940584852649

Bairi Sawai (Village ID 149196) is a village in the district of Ramabai Nagar (Kanpur Dehat), Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 19 km away from Kalyanpur and 17 km away from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur. It is home to the temple known as Shobhan Mandir. According to the 2011 census it has a population of 5528 living in 1018 households.

Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Kalyanpur or Kalianpur (earlier Kullianpore) is a satellite town of Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, India. Located about 15 km from Kanpur on the Grand Trunk Road towards Delhi, it is effectively a suburb of Kanpur. This town's post office is spelled Kalyanpur, but the station is named Kalianpur, while British records often use the variant spelling "Kullianpur". Kalyanpur is also the name of a different village in East UP.
Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco
Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco is the name of any of four cabinets in the Bolivian Republic led by José Miguel de Velasco:

Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco I (1828)

Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco II (1829)

Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco III (1839–1841)

Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco IV (1848)

Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco I
José Miguel de Velasco assumed offices as the 4th President of Bolivia on 12 August 1828. Due to the tumultuous events of the time, the original cabinet formed by Velasco on 12 August 1828 continued to function until 24 May 1829, spanning the entire six day presidency of Pedro Blanco Soto and the two nonconsecutive terms of Velasco which preceded and succeeded him.

Velasco formed one cabinet during his presidency, constituting the 4th national cabinet of Bolivia.
Anticrates (Spartan)
Anticrates (Ancient Greek: Ἀντικράτης) was a Spartan who, "according to Dioscorides," killed Epaminondas at the Battle of Mantineia in 362 BCE. The descendants of Anticrates are said to have been called Machairiones (Μαχαιρίωνες) by the Spartans, on account of his having struck Epaminondas with a machaira (that is a sword or large knife, μαχαίρα), but Pausanias mentions a man named "Machaerion", a Spartan or Mantineian, who was said to have struck the killing blow. Others attribute it to Gryllus, son of Xenophon.

Battle of Mantinea (362 BC)
The Battle of Mantinea was fought on 4 July 362 BC between the Thebans, led by Epaminondas and supported by the Arcadians, Argives, Messenians, Thessalians, Euboeans and the Boeotian league against the Spartans, Eleans, Athenians, and Mantineans. The battle was to determine which of the two alliances would dominate Greece. However, the death of Epaminondas and his intended successors would cost Thebes the military leadership and initiative to maintain Theban supremacy in the region. Similarly, the Spartans were weakened by yet another defeat and loss of troops. Epaminondas' death coupled with the impact on the Spartans of yet another defeat weakened both alliances, and paved the way for Macedonian conquest led by Philip II of Macedon.
Pestil
Pestil is a traditional dried fruit pulp that is commonly produced in Anatolia and Armenia. It is known under different names such as bastegh or pastegh (Armenian: պաստեղ), t'tu lavash (Armenian: թթու լավաշ, lit. 'sour lavash'), bestil, and fruit leather.

Fruit leather is made from mechanically pulverizing fruit, then spreading it out to dry into a tough, yet flexible and edible material which can be kept preserved for several months in an airtight container. It is a popular dessert in Armenia and Turkey.

Pestil might be made with different types of fruit beside plums. Pomegranates, grapes, apples, apricots, pears, peaches and watermelons are popular choices.

Pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and are harvested in late summer into mid-autumn. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus /ˈpaɪrəs/, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees.

The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality woodwind instruments and furniture.

About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, canned, as juice, dried, or fermented as perry.
Prosch
Prosch is a German and North American last name which is either derived from the first name of Greek origin Ambrose or from a diminutive of any of several Slavic personal names with the first component Prosi- (from Proto-Slavic *prositi "to ask"), e.g. Prosimir or Prosislaw.
Notable people with the surname include:

Ferdinand Victor Alphons Prosch  (1820–1885), Danish doctor, veterinarian and biologist

Harry Prosch (1917–2005), American philosopher

Jay Prosch (born 1992), American football player

Kevin Prosch, American Christian musician

Thomas Wickham Prosch (1850–1915), American journalist, newspaper proprietor and historian

Kevin Prosch
Kevin Prosch (born c. 1955) is an American gospel musician known for playing guitar, mandolin, and key piano. He has been involved in Christian ministry, leading Bible studies and speaking at seminars on prophetic worship. Prosch has collaborated with figures such as John Wimber and the Vineyard movement, as well as Morning Star Ministries. He also formed the band The Black Peppercorns alongside former Iona drummer Martin Neil.
Helen J. Nicholson
Helen J. Nicholson FRHistS FLSW is Emerita Professor of Medieval History and former Head of the History Department at Cardiff University. She is a world-leading expert on the military religious orders and the Crusades, including the history of the Templars.

Nicholson studied for a BA in Ancient and Modern History at St Hilda's College, University of Oxford. Nicholson was awarded her PhD from the University of Leicester in 1990 following an Open Research Scholarship. Her doctoral thesis was entitled "Images of the military orders, 1128–1291: Spiritual, secular, romantic". Her PhD was supervised by Norman Housley. Nicholson taught at the University of Leicester before her appointment as lecturer in the History Department at Cardiff University in 1994.

St Hilda's College, Oxford
St Hilda's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college is named after the Anglo-Saxon saint Hilda of Whitby and was founded in 1893 as a hall for women; it remained a women's college until 2008. St Hilda's was the last single-sex college in the university as Somerville College had admitted men in 1994. St Hilda's has almost equal numbers of men and women at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.

The principal of the college is Sarah Springman, who took office in 2022.

As of 2020, the college had an endowment of £56.6 million and total assets of £119.7 million.
Janet H. Clark
Janet H. Clark Entzel (born June 13, 1941) is an American former politician.

Clark was born in Freeport, Illinois and graduated from Burley High School in Burley, Idaho. She graduated from Westminster College, in Salt Lake City, Utah with a bachelor's degree in education and music. Clark went to University of Minnesota for graduate work. Clark moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1963. Clark was a teacher and owned a daycare center for children. She also worked for the Minnesota Education Council and the Minnesota Department of Corrections. Clark served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1975 to 1984 and was a Democrat.

Janet Clark Entzel has written a novel "Aka McGuire" about the criminal mind. She lived with her husband in Coon Rapids, Minnesota.

Burley, Idaho
Burley (/ˈbʊrliː/) is a city in Cassia and Minidoka counties in southern Idaho, United States. The population was 11,704 at the 2020 census, up from 10,345 in 2010. The city is the county seat of Cassia County.

Burley is the principal city of the Burley, Idaho, Micropolitan Statistical Area, which comprises Cassia and Minidoka counties. Burley is the largest city in Cassia and Minidoka counties (collectively called the “Mini-Cassia” area), and the third-largest city in Idaho's Magic Valley region, after Twin Falls and Jerome.
Victor von Bruns
Victor von Bruns (9 August 1812 – 19 March 1883) was a German surgeon born in Helmstedt.

He studied at Braunschweig, Tübingen, Halle and Berlin, and from 1843 to 1882 was a professor of surgery at the University of Tübingen. His son, Paul von Bruns (1846-1916) was also a professor of surgery at Tübingen. In 1872 he was a founding member of the German Society of Surgery.

Bruns was a leading authority in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, particularly known for his work in lip and cheek reconstruction. He is also known for his pioneer work in laryngology, and was among the first to perform operations for laryngeal polyps and tumors.

Bruns popularized usage of absorbent cotton wool dressings, which later became a standard practice in modern antiseptic treatment of wounds.

He died in Tübingen.

Polyp (medicine)
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where there are mucous membranes, including the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine.

If it is attached by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile.

Some polyps are tumors (neoplasms) and others are non-neoplastic, for example hyperplastic or dysplastic, which are benign. The neoplastic ones are usually benign, although some can be pre-malignant, or concurrent with a malignancy.
German submarine U-1108
German submarine U-1108 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 2 April 1942, and was laid down on 20 September 1943, at Nordseewerke, Emden, as yard number 230. She was launched on 5 September 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Wolf Wigand on 18 November 1944.

Nordseewerke
Nordseewerke Emden GmbH (sometimes abbreviated NSWE, in English: North Sea Company) was a shipbuilding company, located in the Emden Harbor of the north German city of Emden. Founded in 1903, shipbuilding ended in 2010, and the company was taken over by the Schaaf Industrie AG, which among other products, makes components for off-shore systems.

The shipyard employed some 1,400 people in 2010 and was the second-largest employer in Emden, following the plant of the Volkswagen automotive company. Today only few of the former coworkers of the shipyard are still employed with the new owner Schaaf, which also went insolvent in 2012.
Melanie Papalia
Melanie Rose Papalia (born July 11, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She has appeared in films such as Postal (2007), American Pie Presents: The Book of Love (2009), Frankie & Alice (2010), Smiley (2012), The Den (2013), and Hell or High Water (2016). Papalia has also appeared in various television series including Intelligence (2005), Painkiller Jane (2007), Endgame (2011), Suits (2014), and You Me Her (2016–2020).

Postal (film)
Postal is a 2007 action comedy film based on the Postal video game series. Directed and co-written by Uwe Boll, it stars Zack Ward, Dave Foley, Chris Coppola, Jackie Tohn, J. K. Simmons, Verne Troyer, Larry Thomas, David Huddleston and Seymour Cassel.

Postal was released in Germany on October 18, 2007, followed by a release in the United States on May 23, 2008. It received negative reviews and was a box office flop, grossing $146,741 against a $15 million production budget.
Ivan Mykolaichuk
Ivan Vasylyovych Mykolaichuk (Ukrainian: Іван Васильович Миколайчук; 15 June 1941 – 3 August 1987) was a Ukrainian actor, producer, and screen writer.

He is best known for playing the Hutsul Ivan in Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1964), based on Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky's book of the same name. He received the Komsomol prize of Ukraine in 1967, and the title of Honoured Artist of the Ukrainian SSR in 1968. He posthumously received the Shevchenko National Prize.

Hutsuls
The Hutsuls (Hutsul/Ukrainian: гуцули, romanized: hutsuly; Polish: Huculi, Hucułowie; Romanian: huțuli) are an East Slavic ethnic group spanning parts of western Ukraine and northern Romania (i.e. parts of Bukovina and Maramureș).

In Ukraine, they have often been officially and administratively designated a subgroup of Ukrainians, and, among Ukrainian scholars, are largely regarded as constituting part of the broader Ukrainian ethnicity. However, in the eyes of some scholars and of some Hutsuls, they are either their own nation, or a part of the Rusyn nation, alongside the closely related ethnic groups of Boykos and Lemkos.
Wyboo, South Carolina
Wyboo is a lakeside community and census-designated place (CDP) in Clarendon County, South Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census with a population of 3,661.

The CDP is in southern Clarendon County, on both sides of Wyboo Swamp, an arm of Lake Marion, the largest lake in South Carolina. South Carolina Highway 260 passes through the east side of the community, leading north 9 miles (14 km) to Manning, the county seat. The south end of Highway 260 is at the Santee Dam, which forms Lake Marion by impounding the Santee River.

Lake Marion (South Carolina)
Lake Marion is a large man-made lake in central South Carolina. It has a 315-mile (507 km) shoreline and covers nearly 110,000 acres (450 square kilometers or 173.7 square miles) of rolling farmlands, former marshes, and river valley landscape.  With territory spanning five counties, the lake is referred to as South Carolina's inland sea.

The Santee River was dammed in the 1940s to supply hydroelectric power, as part of the rural electrification efforts initiated under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal during the Great Depression. This created Lake Marion, one of the fifty largest lakes in the United States, whether natural or man-made reservoirs. At current capacity it is only about a third of the area of what, if filled to capacity, would be the fifteenth largest lake in the U.S.
Cormotibo
Cormotibo (Cormontibo, Kormotibo) is a village in western French Guiana, close to the border with Suriname, it is inhabited by Aluku Maroons. The village has been founded by Hervé Tolinga, the son of the granman.

In 1943, the village was described as being in decline. As of 2020, the village still exists near Papaichton.

Granman
Granman (Ndyuka language: gaanman) is the title of the paramount chief of a Maroon nation in Suriname and French Guiana. The Ndyuka, Saramaka, Matawai, Aluku, Paramaka and Kwinti nations all have a granman. The paramount chiefs of Amerindian peoples in Suriname are nowadays also often called “granman”.

The word comes from the Sranan Tongo language, a creole spoken in Suriname, and is derived from grand + man meaning "most important man." Granman was also used for the governors of Suriname. The word can be used in combination with other words: granman-oso (big man house) is the Presidential Palace.
Slovenia at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Slovenia, represented by the Slovenian Olympic Committee (Olimpijski komite Slovenije, abbreviated OKS), sent a team with 62 athletes to compete in 11 sports at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. The flag on the opening ceremony was held by Slovenian judoka Urška Žolnir, who was bronze in 2004 Olympics Judo Competition.

Olympic Committee of Slovenia
The Olympic Committee of Slovenia – Association of Sports Federations (Slovene: Olimpijski komite Slovenije – Združenje športnih zvez; OKS; IOC Code: SLO) ensures the participation of Slovenian athletes at the Olympic Games, the Mediterranean Games, and the European Youth Olympic Festival. The Committee gathers 39 national sports federations governing various sports in Slovenia, who elect the Committee's executive council, which is composed of president and 21 council members.