hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (UASD) is a state agriculture university established by the Government of Karnataka which imparts education, research and extension activities in the fields of agriculture, forestry, food science, agricultural marketing and home science.

It is on Dharwad-Belgaum road (PB-4) on a campus with space for growing trees and fields for conducting experiments and research. The University encompasses 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras, and an Agricultural Technology Information Center (ATIC). Its jurisdiction spans 7 districts in northern Karnataka: Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada. The region exhibits a rich diversity in soil types, climate, topography, as well as cropping and farming practices.

Agricultural marketing
Agricultural marketing  covers the services involved in moving an agricultural product from the farm to the consumer. These services involve the planning, organizing, directing and handling of agricultural produce in such a way as to satisfy farmers, intermediaries and consumers. Numerous interconnected activities are involved in doing this, such as planning production, growing and harvesting, grading, packing and packaging, transport, storage, agro- and food processing, provision of market information, distribution, advertising and sale. Effectively, the term encompasses the entire range of supply chain operations for agricultural products, whether conducted through ad hoc sales or through a more integrated chain, such as one involving contract farming.
Charles H. Moore–Albert E. Sleeper House
The Charles H. Moore–Albert E. Sleeper House was built as a private house located, at 7277 Simons Street in Lexington, Michigan, and was the residence and later summer home of Michigan governor Albert E. Sleeper. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The house is now a bed and breakfast, known as the Captain's Quarters Inn.

Bed and breakfast
A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.

Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.
Lukáš Hlava
Lukáš Hlava (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlukaːʃ ˈɦlava], born 10 September 1984 in Harrachov) is a Czech ski jumper who has competed since 2002. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he finished seventh in the team large hill event and 38th in the individual normal hill events.

Hlava's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fifth in the team large hill event at Liberec in 2009. His best individual finish was 20th in the individual normal hill event at those same championship.

In Lahti, he finished third and stood on the podium in the World Cup for the first time in his career.

He is the younger brother of former ski jumper Jakub Hlava.

He ended his career after 2018-2019 season.

Harrachov
Harrachov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦaraxof]; German: Harrachsdorf) is a town in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic, close to the border with Poland. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. It is known as one of the most popular Czech ski resorts.
Tulane Studies in Philosophy
Tulane Studies in Philosophy was a peer-reviewed academic journal, formerly published by the philosophy department at Tulane University in New Orleans. The journal published original articles by invited contributors and members of the Tulane philosophy department. Notable contributors included Lewis S. Ford, Charles Hartshorne, John Lachs, Andrew Reck, and Sandra B. Rosenthal. Established in 1952 by James Feibleman, the journal was published annually until his death in 1987. All volumes are available online from the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Sandra B. Rosenthal
Sandra Brener Rosenthal (September 27, 1936 – July 22, 2024) was an American philosopher and former Provost Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Loyola University New Orleans. She was a former president of the Metaphysical Society of America (1996). She died on July 22, 2024, at the age of 87.
2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin – Doubles
Sofia Arvidsson and Jill Craybas were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Magda Linette and Sandra Zaniewska won the title, defeating Irena Pavlovic and Stefanie Vögele in the final, 6–1, 5–7, [10–5].

Sandra Zaniewska
Sandra Zaniewska (born 3 January 1992) is a Polish tennis coach and former professional player.

In her career, she won ten singles tournaments as well as a further seven in doubles on the ITF Circuit, and was the runner-up of the 2009 Australian Open in girls' doubles, with partner Aleksandra Krunić.

Zaniewska, who competed on the pro tour until June 2017, began coaching Ukrainian professional tennis player Marta Kostyuk in July 2023. She previously coached Alizé Cornet and Petra Martić.
Smithers Creek
Smithers Creek is a tributary of the Kanawha River, 7 miles (11 km) long, in southern West Virginia in the United States.  Via the Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 18.1 square miles (47 km2) on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.  The creek flows for its entire length in western Fayette County; its tributaries additionally drain a portion of eastern Kanawha County.

Smithers Creek rises in the unincorporated community of Mount Olive and flows generally southwestward through the unincorporated communities of Marting and Cannelton, to the city of Smithers, where it flows into the Kanawha River.  The creek is paralleled by a county road for most of its course.

The Geographic Names Information System lists "Smothers Creek," "Smuthers Creek," and "Smythers Creek" as historical variant names for the creek.

Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau
The Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau is located in an arc around southeastern Ohio, West Virginia, into western Pennsylvania and a small portion of southwestern New York State.

This area is a dissected plateau, characterized by sandstone, shale, and many coal seams. This is the part of the Allegheny Plateau that lies outside the continental glaciation of the ice age.
Arthur Verhoeven
Arthur Hendrik Verhoeven (Zandhoven, 1889 - Schoten 1958) was a Flemish composer and organist.
Arthur Verhoeven, a student of August de Boeck a Lodewijk Mortelmans, was a sacristan-organist at the Saint-Cordula church in Schoten. As a composer, his main period of activity took place between 1910 and 1930, the year in which he finished his opera Valentijn. After this period of time, he mainly limited himself to rearranging previous compositions.

Verhoeven is part of the many Flemish composers that were active during the first half of the 20th century, who modestly remained in the shadows despite the quality of their works. Verhoevens oeuvre mainly consists of compositions for organ and religious music. His musical career was honoured with a statue in Schoten and a street name bearing his name in the residential area De Kasteeldreef.

Schoten
Schoten (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxoːtə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality located in Antwerp Province, Belgium. The municipality only comprises the town of Schoten proper.  As of 1 January 2020 Schoten has a total population of 34,311. The total area is 29.55 km2 (11.41 sq mi) which gives a population density of 1,122/km2 (2,910/sq mi). Schoten borders the Antwerp districts Merksem to the west and Deurne to the south west.  Neighboring municipalities include Brasschaat to the north, Brecht to the north east, Schilde to the east, and Wijnegem to the south.
2013 Dutch Open Grand Prix
The 2013 Dutch Open Grand Prix was the thirtieth grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2013 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Topsportcentrum, Almere, Netherlands October 8 until October 13, 2013 and had a total purse of $50,000.

Imogen Bankier
Imogen Bankier (born 18 November 1987) is a businesswoman and former badminton player from Scotland. After starting playing the sport at the age of 9, Bankier won the national championships at every age level from Under 17 upwards. The highlight of her professional career was reaching the final of the mixed doubles at the 2011 World Championships in Wembley, London. She and her partner Chris Adcock were defeated in the match by the Chinese team of Zhang Nan and Zhao Yunlei.
Polyhedron model
A polyhedron model is a physical construction of a polyhedron, constructed from cardboard, plastic board, wood board or other panel material, or, less commonly, solid material.

Since there are 75 uniform polyhedra, including the five regular convex polyhedra, five polyhedral compounds, four Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra, and thirteen Archimedean solids, constructing or collecting polyhedron models has become a common mathematical recreation.  Polyhedron models are found in mathematics classrooms much as globes in geography classrooms.

Polyhedron models are notable as three-dimensional proof-of-concepts of geometric theories.  Some polyhedra also make great centerpieces, tree toppers, Holiday decorations, or symbols.  The Merkaba religious symbol, for example, is a stellated octahedron.  Constructing large models offer challenges in engineering structural design.

Tree-topper
A tree-topper or treetopper is a decorative ornament placed on the top (or "crown") of a Christmas tree or Chrismon tree. Tree-toppers come in many forms, with the most common being a star (representing the Star of Bethlehem) or an angel (representing the Angel Gabriel), both from the Nativity.  Additional forms range from a Christian cross, white dove, paper rosette, ribbon bow, Father Christmas or Santa Claus.

Tree-toppers may be made of a wide range of materials. Modern plastic tree-toppers are often electric and, once connected with the tree's lights, offer a gentle glow. Following World War II, various symbols of Christmastide, such as stars, were introduced as electrified tree-toppers. The tradition of using a symbol representing the Star of Bethlehem as a tree-topper, however, dates as early as the 1840s.
Béla Bollobás
Béla Bollobás FRS (born 3 August 1943) is a Hungarian-born British mathematician who has worked in various areas of mathematics, including functional analysis, combinatorics, graph theory, and percolation theory. He was strongly influenced by Paul Erdős from the age of 14. He is currently a professor and chair of excellence at the University of Memphis.

University of Memphis
The University of Memphis (Memphis) is a public research university in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, the university has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students.

The university maintains the Herff College of Engineering, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), the Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law, the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, the former Lambuth University campus in Jackson, Tennessee (now a branch campus of the University of Memphis), the Loewenberg College of Nursing, the School of Public Health, the College of Communication and Fine Arts, the FedEx Institute of Technology, the Advanced Distributed Learning Workforce Co-Lab, and the Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology. The University of Memphis is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High research activity".
Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph
There are at least two buildings known as Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph:

Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph (San Jose, California) in San Jose, California, United States

Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph (San Jose, California)
The Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph (Spanish: Catedral Basílica de San José) is a historic Catholic church in Downtown San Jose that serves as the cathedral for the Diocese of San José in California, with the distinction of minor basilica.

The basilica is named for Saint Joseph, patron saint of the Catholic Church and the namesake of San Jose, California.
Vladimir Conta
Vladimir (Vlad) Conta (born 20 January 1954) is a Romanian conductor and pianist with an international career spanning 30 years. He was the Principal Conductor of the Regina Symphony Orchestra in Canada. He has been a Principal Conductor at the Romanian National Opera, Bucharest, since 2001.

He made his American debut in 1997 with pianist Radu Lupu and the National Symphony Orchestra in a series of concerts in Washington, D.C. His London debut came in 2000, when he conducted the Philharmonia Orchestra in several concerts at the Royal Festival Hall featuring the Russian pianist Mikhail Pletnev.

Conta was born in Arad, Romania and is the son of the conductor Iosif Conta.

National Symphony Orchestra
The National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Washington, D.C.  Founded in 1930 by cellist Hans Kindler, its principal performing venue is the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.

The NSO regularly participates in events of national and international importance, including performances for ceremonial state affairs, presidential inaugurations and official holiday celebrations, including the annual National Memorial Day Concert in May and A Capitol Fourth concerts on July 4.  The NSO presents a 52-week season of approximately 175 concerts each year. These include classical subscription series, pops concerts, and educational programs.
Simon Robertsson
Bert Erik Simon Robertsson (born 5 February 2003) is a Swedish professional ice hockey left winger for the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). Robertsson was drafted by the Blues in the third round of the 2021 NHL entry draft with the 71st overall pick, after the Blues traded up to select him.

2021 NHL entry draft
The 2021 NHL entry draft was the 59th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on July 23–24, 2021, delayed by one month from its normally scheduled time of June due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the later-than-normal finish of the 2020–21 NHL season. It was thus the first draft held in July since 2005. For the second year in a row, the event was held in a remote format, with teams convening via videoconferencing, and Commissioner Gary Bettman announcing the selections in the opening round and deputy commissioner Bill Daly in all subsequent rounds from the NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey.

The first three selections were Owen Power by the Buffalo Sabres, Matty Beniers by the Seattle Kraken, and Mason McTavish by the Anaheim Ducks.
Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) is an international coalition of countries, United Nations (UN) agencies, multilateral development banks, the private sector, and academic institutions, that aims to promote disaster-resilient infrastructure. Its objective is to promote research and knowledge sharing in the fields of infrastructure risk management, standards, financing, and recovery mechanisms. It was launched by the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit in September 2019.

CDRI's initial focus is on developing disaster-resilience in ecological, social, and economic infrastructure. It aims to achieve substantial changes in Member Countries' policy frameworks and future infrastructure investments, along with a major reduction in the economic losses suffered due to disasters.

As of 2025, the CDRI has 60 Members, including 50 Member Countries and ten Member Organizations.

International financial institutions
An international financial institution (IFI) is a financial institution that has been established (or chartered) by more than one country, and hence is subject to international law. Its owners or shareholders are generally national governments, although other international institutions and other organizations occasionally figure as shareholders. The most prominent IFIs are creations of multiple nations, although some bilateral financial institutions (created by two countries) exist and are technically IFIs. The best known IFIs were established after World War II to assist in the reconstruction of Europe and provide mechanisms for international cooperation in managing the global financial system.
Brandon, Montana
Brandon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Montana, United States. It is in the northwestern part of the county, at the western base of the Tobacco Root Mountains, in the valley of Mill Creek. Via Mill Creek Road it is 3 miles (5 km) southwest to Sheridan in the Ruby Valley.

Brandon was first listed as a CDP for the 2020 census, when it had a population of 46.

Ruby River
The Ruby River is a tributary of the Beaverhead River, approximately 76 mi (122 km) long, in southwestern Montana in the United States. It rises in the Beaverhead National Forest in southwestern Madison County  between the Snowcrest Range and the Gravelly Range. It flows north through the Ruby River Reservoir, past Alder, then northwest, flowing between the Tobacco Root Mountains to the northeast and the Ruby Range to the southwest. It joins the Beaverhead near Twin Bridges. The Beaverhead becomes the Jefferson River 2 mi (3.2 km) downstream where it joins the Big Hole River.

The river has also been known by these various names: Pah-mamar-roi, Pak-sam-ma-oi, Pashmaroi, Passamari, Philanthropy River, Stinking Water Creek, Stinking Water River, Stinkingwater River.

The Ruby is a Class II river for stream access for recreational purposes.
Arrondissements of Mali
The cercles of Mali are divided into arrondissements. These are further divided into 703 communes, 19 urban and 684 rural. Unlike communes or cercles, arrondissements have no administrative power or elected officials: they are merely territorial divisions or used to divide administrative duties.  Often the borders of communes and arrondissements coincide, rendering the arrondissement demarcation of the territory superfluous.

The arrondissements are listed below, by region and cercle:

Arrondissement
An arrondissement (UK: /æˈrɒndiːsmɒ̃, ˌærɒnˈdiːsmɒ̃/, US: /æˌrɒndiːsˈmɒ̃, -ˌroʊn-, əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, and certain other Francophone countries, as well as the Netherlands.
Phra Nang Klao Bridge
Phra Nang Klao Bridge (Thai: สะพานพระนั่งเกล้า, RTGS: Saphan Phra Nangklao, pronounced [sā.pʰāːn pʰráʔ nâŋ.klâːw]) is a 4-lane bridge over Chao Phraya River in the area of Mueang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province.

In addition to crossing Chao Phraya River, the bridge also connects the area between Sai Ma and Bang Kraso with Suan Yai Subdistricts together along Rattanathibet Road (Highway 302). At present, there is a 6-lane parallel bridge straddling over the bridge.

Phra Nang Klao Bridge started construction in 1983 and completed 1985 (along with Pathum Thani Bridge) by the Department of Rural Roads (DRR), with a total budget of 505.77 million baht.

The bridge was named in honours King Nangklao (Rama III), the third monarch of Chakri Dynasty, who has a mother (Queen Sri Sulalai) from Nonthaburi.

The entry ramp on the east side of the river contains the Phra Nang Klao Bridge MRT station (PP08) on MRT Purple Line.

Department of Rural Roads
Department of Rural Roads (DRR) (Thai: กรมทางหลวงชนบท) is a department of the Thai government, under the Ministry of Transport.  It maintains rural roads, under a different numbering scheme from national roads, which are managed by the Department of Highways (DOH), กรมทางหลวง, Krom Thang Luang).
Mamita (song)
"Mamita" is a song by American boy band CNCO and the third single from their second self-titled studio album. It was written by Johan Espinosa, Claudia Brant, Juan Pablo Piedrahita, Daniel Giraldo, and its producers Feid, El Rolo and Mosty. The song was released by Sony Music Latin on October 20, 2017. A remix with Brazilian singer Luan Santana was released on March 26, 2018.

Sony Music Latin
Sony Music Entertainment US Latin LLC (often referred to as Sony Music Latin) is an American record label owned by Sony Music. The label focuses on artists of Latin music. Sony Latin was also a division of the Sony Discos label.
Relief (1906 sternwheeler)
Relief was a stern-wheel steamboat that operated on the Columbia and Willamette rivers and their tributaries from 1906 to 1931.  Relief had been originally built in 1902, on the Columbia at Blalock, Oregon, in Gilliam County, and launched and operated as Columbia, a much smaller vessel. Relief was used primarily as a freight carrier, first for about ten years in the Inland Empire region of Oregon and Washington, hauling wheat and fruit, and after that was operated on the lower Columbia river.

After 1918 the owners of Relief struggled to find cargo, as railroads and especially highway transport cut sharply into the steamboat share of the transport business.  Relief was seriously damaged in a sinking in late 1924, but was eventually raised, and returned to service for some time.  Relief was abandoned in 1931.

Celilo Falls
Celilo Falls (/səˈlaɪloʊ/; Tenino: Wyam, meaning "echo of falling water" or "sound of water upon the rocks," in several native languages) was a tribal fishing area on the Columbia River, just east of the Cascade Mountains, on what is today the border between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. The name refers to a series of cascades and waterfalls on the river, as well as to the native settlements and trading villages that existed there in various configurations for 15,000 years. Celilo was the oldest continuously inhabited community on the North American continent until 1957, when the falls and nearby settlements were submerged by the construction of The Dalles Dam. In 2019, there were calls by tribal leaders to restore the falls.
Credit crunch
A credit crunch (a credit squeeze, credit tightening or credit crisis) is a sudden reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks. A credit crunch generally involves a reduction in the availability of credit independent of a rise in official interest rates. In such situations, the relationship between credit availability and interest rates changes. Credit becomes less available at any given official interest rate, or there ceases to be a clear relationship between interest rates and credit availability (i.e. credit rationing occurs). Many times, a credit crunch is accompanied by a flight to quality by lenders and investors, as they seek less risky investments, often at the expense of small to medium size enterprises.

Solvency
Solvency, in finance or business, is the degree to which the current assets of an individual or entity exceed the current liabilities of that individual or entity. Solvency can also be described as the ability of a corporation to meet its long-term fixed expenses and to accomplish long-term expansion and growth. This is best measured using the net liquid balance (NLB) formula. In this formula, solvency is calculated by adding cash and cash equivalents to short-term investments, then subtracting notes payable. There exist cryptographic schemes for both proofs of liabilities and assets, especially in the blockchain space.