hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flory–Stockmayer theory
Flory–Stockmayer theory is a theory governing the cross-linking and gelation of step-growth polymers. The Flory–Stockmayer theory represents an advancement from the Carothers equation, allowing for the identification of the gel point for polymer synthesis not at stoichiometric balance. The theory was initially conceptualized by Paul Flory in 1941 and then was further developed by Walter Stockmayer in 1944 to include cross-linking with an arbitrary initial size distribution.
The Flory–Stockmayer theory was the first theory investigating percolation processes. Flory–Stockmayer theory is a special case of random graph theory of gelation.

Gel point
In polymer chemistry, the gel point is an abrupt change in the viscosity of a solution containing polymerizable components. At the gel point, a solution undergoes gelation, as reflected in a loss in fluidity. After the monomer/polymer solution has passed the gel point, internal stress builds up in the gel phase, which can lead to volume shrinkage. Gelation is characteristic of polymerizations that include crosslinkers that can form 2- or 3-dimensional networks. For example, the condensation of a dicarboxylic acid and a triol will give rise to a gel whereas the same dicarboxylic acid and a diol will not. The gel is often a small percentage of the mixture, even though it greatly influences the properties of the bulk.
Erik Martorell
Erik Martorell Haga (born 26 June 1998) is a Spanish/Norwegian road and track cyclist, who currently rides for Spanish amateur team El Bicho - Prime Numbers. He competed in four events at the 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were held from 20 to 24 October 2021 at the Velodrome Couvert Regional Jean-Stablinski in Roubaix, France. The championships were originally scheduled to be held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The elimination race was introduced for the first time in the history of World Championships.
Mitford family
The Mitford family is an aristocratic British family who became particularly well known in the 1930s for the six Mitford sisters, the daughters of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale, and his wife, Sydney Bowles. They were celebrated and sometimes scandalous figures. One journalist described them as "Diana the Fascist, Jessica the Communist, Unity the Hitler-lover; Nancy the Novelist; Deborah the Duchess and Pamela the unobtrusive poultry connoisseur".

The Pursuit of Love
The Pursuit of Love is a novel by Nancy Mitford, first published in 1945. It is the first in a trilogy about an upper-class English family in the interwar period focusing on the romantic life of Linda Radlett, as narrated by her cousin, Fanny Logan. Although a comedy, the story has tragic overtones.

The book was an immediate best-seller and sold 200,000 copies within a year of publication.

Mitford wrote two sequels to the novel, Love in a Cold Climate (1949) and Don't Tell Alfred (1960). Her penultimate novel, The Blessing (1951), also makes references to The Pursuit of Love and characters from The Blessing later appear in Don't Tell Alfred.
Polysiphonia
Polysiphonia, known as red hair algae, is a genus of filamentous red algae with about 19 species on the coasts of the British Isles and about 200 species worldwide, including Crete in Greece, Antarctica and Greenland. Its members are known by a number of common names. It is in the order Ceramiales and family Rhodomelaceae.

Carpospore
A carpospore is a diploid spore produced by red algae. After fertilization, the alga's carpogonium subdivides into carpospores, and generally the largest type of spore (larger than bispores, which are larger again than tetraspores). The wall of the carposporangium then breaks down, releasing the spores into the environment.
CIW
CIW has multiple meanings:

California Institution for Women, a state prison in the USA

Canadian Index of Wellbeing, that measures the wellbeing of Canadians over time

Carnegie Institution of Washington

Chicago and Illinois Western Railroad

Central Indiana and Western Railroad

Certified Internet Web Professional

The Church in Wales

Coalition of Immokalee Workers

Computational Intensive Workload

ISO 639 language designation for Southwestern dialect of the Anishinaabe language, often called the "Chippewa language."

Close-in weapon system

ISO 639:c
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with C.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Manuel Vázquez Hueso
Manuel Vázquez Hueso (born 31 March 1981 in Churriana de la Vega, Spain) is a Spanish former professional road racing cyclist. On 26 April 2010 he was provisionally suspended by the UCI for a suspected blood doping offense, after being tested positive for EPO on 20 March 2010 in an out-of-competition control. On 14 January 2011 the Spanish Cycling Federation suspended him for two years, starting 26 April 2010 and all results achieved after 20 March 2010 annulled.

Blood doping
Blood doping is a form of doping in which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and endurance. Blood doping can be achieved by making the body produce more red blood cells itself using drugs, giving blood transfusions either from another person or back to the same individual, or by using blood substitutes.

Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sports where it is considered to give an artificial advantage to the competitor. Anti-doping agencies use tests to try to identify individuals who have been blood doping using a number of methods, typically by analyzing blood samples from the competitors.
Jewish National People's Party
The Jewish National People's Party was a regional Jewish political party of Zionist orentation, founded in 1906 in the Bukovina Austrian crown land by Benno Straucher, elected at the Austrian Parliament's Abgeordnetenhaus for the (Austrian) Jewish National Party since 1897. The party remained active in interwar Romania.

House of Deputies (Austria)
The House of Deputies (German: Abgeordnetenhaus, Czech: Poslanecká sněmovna, Polish: Izba Posłów, Italian: Camera dei deputati) was, from 1861, the lower house of the bicameral Imperial Council parliament of the Austrian Empire and, from 1867 to 1918, of the Cisleithanian lands within Austria-Hungary. The upper chamber was the House of Lords.
AS9100
Aerospace 9100 (AS9100) is an international standard for aerospace management systems that is a widely adopted and standardized quality management system for the aerospace sector. It was developed in March 1999 by Society of Automotive Engineers. The goal of the standard is to provide for continual improvement, emphasizing defect prevention and the reduction of variation and waste in the aerospace industry supply chain and assembly process. The standard was designed to fit into an integrated management system.

AS9100 replaces the earlier AS9000 and fully incorporates the entirety of the current version of ISO 9001, while adding requirements relating to quality and safety.
Major aerospace manufacturers and suppliers worldwide require compliance with AS9100 as a condition of doing business with them.

SAE International
SAE International is a global professional association and standards organization based in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States.  Formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers, the organization adopted its current name in 2006 to reflect both its international membership and the increased scope of its activities beyond automotive engineering and the automotive industry to include aerospace and other transport industries, as well as commercial vehicles including autonomous vehicles such as self-driving cars, trucks, surface vessels, drones, and related technologies.

SAE International has over 138,000 global members. Membership is granted to individuals, rather than companies. Aside from its standardization efforts, SAE International also devotes resources to projects and programs in STEM education, professional certification, and collegiate design competitions.
HOT-x
HOT-x, also known as 4-alkylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-N-hydroxyphenethylamines or hydroxylated 2C-T derivatives, are a group of psychedelic drugs of the phenethylamine and 2C families. They have a hydroxy group (HO) at the amine as well as methoxy groups at the 2 and 5 positions and an alkylthio (T) group at the 4 position of the phenyl ring. The HOT-x drugs are the N-hydroxyl analogues of the corresponding 2C-T-x drugs.

The HOT-x drugs were synthesized and tested by Alexander Shulgin and were reported by him in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Mount Inasa
Mount Inasa (稲佐山, Inasa-yama) is a hill to the west of Nagasaki which rises to a height of 333 metres (1,093 ft).

The Nagasaki Ropeway and the Nagasaki Inasa Mountain Slope Car (in Japanese) allow visitors to easily travel to the summit. A short walk from the top ropeway and slope car stations (adjacent to each other) is Mt. Inasa Overlook, a multi-level observation deck with "360-degree panoramic view" from the rooftop.

Nagasaki's night view was certified as one of the "World's New Three Great Night Views" by the Night View Summit held in 2021, organized by the Night View Tourism Convention Bureau. The panoramic night view from Mt. Inasa is known as Nagasaki's "10 Million Dollar Night View" (1000万ドルの夜景, Issenmandoru no yakei).

In the lower level of the observation deck there is a restaurant Mount Inasa Restaurant ITADAKI.

There are also several buildings that house transmitters for TV and radio stations that serve Nagasaki and the surrounding area.

Observation deck
An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features.
Exterminator!
Exterminator! is a short story collection written by William S. Burroughs and first published in 1973. Early editions label the book a novel. It is not to be confused with The Exterminator, another collection of stories Burroughs published in 1960 in collaboration with Brion Gysin.

The collection contains a number of Burroughs' most popular short pieces, such as "Twilight's Last Gleamings", "The Discipline of DE", "Wind Die, You Die, We Die", "Ali's Smile", and "The Coming of the Purple Better One". The title story is about an insect exterminator, a job Burroughs himself once held. Some of the stories, such as "Ali's Smile", had previously been published in other books and magazines such as Rolling Stone, Village Voice, Evergreen Review, and Esquire.

"Ali's Smile" was also later included in Ali's Smile/Naked Scientology. A different story entitled "Twilight's Last Gleamings" appears in the later collection, Interzone.

Brion Gysin
Brion Gysin  (19 January 1916 – 13 July 1986) was a British-Canadian painter, writer, sound poet, performance artist and inventor of experimental devices.

He is best known for his use of the cut-up technique, alongside his close friend, the novelist William S. Burroughs. With the engineer Ian Sommerville he also invented the Dreamachine, a flicker device designed as an art object to be viewed with the eyes closed. It was in painting and drawing, however, that Gysin devoted his greatest efforts, creating calligraphic works inspired by cursive Japanese "grass" script and Arabic script. Burroughs later stated that "Brion Gysin was the only man I ever respected."
Amy Zongo
Amy Zongo-Filet, better known by her birthname Amy Zongo, (born October 4, 1980) is a French athlete who specialises in the triple jump. Zongo competed at the 2006 European Athletics Championships, 2002 European Athletics Indoor Championships and the 2009 European Athletics Indoor Championships.

2002 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2002 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held from Friday, 1 March to Sunday, 3 March 2002 in Vienna, the capital city of Austria. This was the last edition to be held in an even year to avoid it occurring in the same year as the outdoor European Athletics Championships.
Dunblane massacre
The Dunblane massacre took place at Dunblane Primary School in Dunblane, near Stirling, Scotland, on 13 March 1996, when 43-year-old Thomas Hamilton killed 16 pupils and one teacher and injured 15 others before killing himself. It remains the deadliest mass shooting in British history.

Following the killings, public debate centred on gun control laws, including public petitions for a ban on private ownership of handguns and an official inquiry, which produced the 1996 Cullen Report.

The incident led to a public campaign, known as the Snowdrop Petition, which helped bring about legislation, specifically two new Firearms Acts, which prohibited the private ownership of most handguns in Great Britain. The UK Government instituted a buyback programme which provided compensation to licensed owners.

Legislation.gov.uk
legislation.gov.uk, formerly known as the UK Statute Law Database, is the official Web-accessible database of the statute law of the United Kingdom, hosted by The National Archives. Established in the early 2000s, it contains all primary legislation in force since 1267 and all secondary legislation since 1823; it does not include legislation which was fully repealed prior to 1991. The contents have been revised to reflect legislative changes up to 2002, with material that has been amended since 2002 fully updated and searchable.
Flag of Irkutsk Oblast
The flag of Irkutsk Oblast depicts three vertical stripes in the ratio 1:2:1: blue on the hoist and fly and white in the middle. Within the white strip, a stylized black tiger-beaver hybrid (the same depicted on the oblast's coat of arms, known as a heraldic babr) is seen holding a red sable in its mouth. These two are surrounded by branches of cedar. The blue represents the waters of Lake Baikal, while white represents purity, goodness, and honesty. The green of the cedar branches represents hope, joy, and abundance.

Sable
The sable (Martes zibellina) is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and Hokkaido, Japan.

The sable's fur ranges from light to dark brown. Its head is elongated with long ears. It is a skilled climber and primarily hunts by sound and scent. Mating occurs between June and August, and litters typically have two or three offspring. Sable fur has been highly valued in the fur trade since the early Middle Ages, and its popularity has driven hunting and conservation efforts. Today, sable fur is often used to decorate clothing items. It has been categorised as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
Tadi Khola Hydropower Station
Tadi Khola Hydropower Station (Nepali:टाडी खोला जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Nuwakot District of Nepal. The flow from Tadi River is used to generate 5 MW electricity. The plant is owned and developed by Aadi Shakti Bidhut Bikash Co. P. Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2058-10-10BS. The generation licence will expire in 2103-08-05 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Nuwakot District
Nuwakot District (Nepali: नुवाकोट जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Bidur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,121 km2 (433 sq mi) and had a population of 288,478 in 2001 and 277,471 in 2011.

The district contains places of historical significance such as the town of Nuwakot, and the village of Devighat (the death place of Prithvi Narayan Shah) located at the confluence of the Tadi and Trishuli Rivers. Kakani is popular among Nepalese people as a touristic place and picnic spot.
Pensacola School of Liberal Arts
Pensacola Private School Of Liberal Arts (SOLA) is a non-sectarian private secondary school in Pensacola, Florida, established in 1969 by William J. Holston to be an alternative to public schools in the area. The school focuses on instructing small classes of students (reportedly less than 18) in grades 7-12. GreatSchools reported that 44 students were enrolled for the 2023-24 school year.

Escambia County School District
Escambia County Public Schools (ECPS), officially the Escambia County School District (ECSD), is the organization responsible for the administration of public schools in all of Escambia County, Florida, in the United States. The district currently administers 35 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and seven high schools, as well as a number of specialized centers.

The district is administered by an appointed superintendent and a five-member school board. As of the 2023-2024 school year, the superintendent of schools is Keith Leonard, who serves as the interim superintendent following the dismissal of Timothy Smith in May 2023.

The Escambia County electors voted in November 2018, to switch from an elected superintendent to an appointed superintendent. Prior to 2020, the superintendent was elected in presidential election years. The deputy superintendent of schools is Shenna Payne, a former principal of West Florida High School.
Dick Green
Richard Larry Green (born April 21, 1941) is an American former professional baseball player. He played as a second baseman in Major League Baseball from 1963 through 1974, playing for the Kansas City and Oakland Athletics. Green played on the "Swingin' A's" dynasty that won three consecutive World Series championships between 1972 and 1974.

Batted ball
In the sports of baseball and softball, a batted ball is a pitch that has been contacted by the batter's bat. Batted balls are either fair or foul, and can be characterized as a fly ball, pop-up, line drive, or ground ball.  In baseball, a foul ball counts as a strike against the batter, unless there are already two strikes on the batter, with special rules applying to foul tips and foul bunts. Fly balls are those hit in an arcing manner, with pop-ups being a subset of fly balls that do not travel far.  Line drives are batted balls hit on a straight line trajectory, while ground balls are hit at a low trajectory, contact the ground shortly after being hit, and then either roll or bounce.  Batted balls, especially line drives, can present a hazard to players, umpires, and spectators, as people have been seriously injured or killed after being struck by batted balls.
Finch Hatton War Memorial
Finch Hatton War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Anzac Parade, Finch Hatton, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Melrose & Fenwick and built in 1921 by Melrose & Fenwick. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Memorial
A memorial is an object or place which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, deceased person or a historical, tragic event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects such as homes or other sites, or works of art such as sculptures, statues, fountains or parks. Larger memorials may be known as monuments.
Mariana Mota
Mariana Mota is a Uruguayan judge. She served as a judge on the Criminal Court of First Instance in the 7th district of the city of Montevideo, where she was investigating more than 50 complaints of human rights violations linked to the civil-military dictatorship. In 2010 she condemned former president and dictator Juan María Bordaberry for crimes of attack against the Constitution, forced disappearance of persons, and political murder. She was transferred to a civil court in 2013 by order of the Supreme Court of Justice, which caused a controversy regarding the possible reasons for this transfer, and generated various demonstrations of rejection by human rights organizations. She was appointed to the board of directors of the National Institute of Human Rights on 1 August 2017.

Constitution of Uruguay
The Constitution of Uruguay (Constitución de la República Oriental del Uruguay) is the supreme law of Uruguay. Its first version was written in 1830 and its last amendment was made in 2004.

Uruguay's first constitution was adopted in 1830, following the conclusion of the three-year-long Cisplatine War in which Argentina and Uruguay acted as a federation: the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Mediated by the United Kingdom, the 1828 Treaty of Montevideo allowed to build the foundations for a Uruguayan state and constitution. It has been reformed in 1918, 1934, 1942, 1952 and 1967, but it still maintains several articles from its first version of 1830.
2019 Nottingham Open – Men's doubles
Frederik Nielsen and Joe Salisbury were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Santiago González and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi won the title after defeating Gong Maoxin and Zhang Ze 4–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–5] in the final.

Zhang Ze
Zhang Ze (Chinese: 张择; pinyin: Zhāng Zé; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂáŋ tsɤ̌]; born July 4, 1990), is a Chinese former professional tennis player.

Zhang's career highlights include reaching the quarterfinals of the 2012 China Open (defeating Richard Gasquet en route), playing the Australian Open main draw in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), and teaming up with Roger Federer to play doubles at the 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters.
Doabi dialect
Doabi (Standard: [doːaːˈbi]; Doabi: [dʊʋaːˈbi]), also known as Bist Doabi or Jalandhari, is an eastern dialect of the Punjabi language. The dialect is named after the region in which it originated, Doaba or Bist Doab, between the Beas and Sutlej. Its occurrence in parts of Pakistani Punjab owes to post-1947 migration of Punjabi Muslim populace from East Punjab. The region it is now spoken includes: the Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Kapurthala, Una and Nawanshahr districts of Indian Punjab, including  the areas known as the Dona and Manjki; and the Toba Tek Singh and Faisalabad districts of Pakistani Punjab; and some areas of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.

The sub dialects of Doabi include Dona and Manjki.

East Punjab
East Punjab was a province of the Dominion of India from 1947 until 1950. It consist of  parts of the Punjab Province of British India that remained in India following the partition of the state between the new dominions of Pakistan and India by the Radcliffe Commission in 1947. The mostly Muslim western parts of the old Punjab became Pakistan's West Punjab, later,  renamed as Punjab Province, while the mostly Hindu and Sikh eastern parts remained with India.