hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Pitt, 1st Baron Camelford
Thomas Pitt, 1st Baron Camelford (3 March 1737 – 19 January 1793) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1761 until 1784 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Camelford. He was an art connoisseur.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Reissert reaction
The Reissert reaction is a series of chemical reactions that transforms quinoline to quinaldic acid.  Quinolines will react with acid chlorides and potassium cyanide to give 1-acyl-2-cyano-1,2-dihydroquinolines, also known as Reissert compounds.  Hydrolysis gives the desired quinaldic acid.

The Reissert reaction is also successful with isoquinolines and most pyridines.

Several reviews have been published.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (July 1893) and the American Chemical Journal (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model.
Grout (automobile)
Grout Brothers was a manufacturer of steam-powered automobiles in Orange, Massachusetts. The three brothers, Carl, Fred and C.B. were set up in business by their father William L., who had made sewing machines under the New Home name in partnership with Thomas H. White. The early cars were sold under the New Home name.

The Grout name debuted on autos in 1899.

Thomas H. White
Thomas Howard White (April 26, 1836 – June 22, 1914) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. In 1876 he founded the White Sewing Machine Company in Cleveland, Ohio, predecessor of White Consolidated Industries.

He was also an automotive pioneer through the White Motor Company, which went on to produce cars, trucks, buses and tractors. In 1913 he established the Thomas H. White Charitable Trust, which is still active as the Thomas H. White Foundation.
Ron Capewell
Ronald Capewell (26 July 1929 – 16 August 2016) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Sheffield Wednesday and Hull City during the early 1950s. He also played non-league football for Kiveton Park and King's Lynn.

He spent the 1960-61 season at Hyde United, leaving in September, 1961. In the 1962–63 season he played seven times for Mossley.

King's Lynn F.C.
52°44′58.6″N 0°24′29.2″E﻿ / ﻿52.749611°N 0.408111°E﻿ / 52.749611; 0.408111

King's Lynn Football Club was an English association football club based in King's Lynn, Norfolk. The club was founded in 1881 and they were wound up at the High Court on 25 November 2009 with debts of £77,000, going out of business in December after a failed appeal. The club was re-formed in January 2010 as Lynn FC and later renamed King's Lynn Town.
Halysidota leda
Halysidota leda is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1890. It is found on Dominica, Guadeloupe and Martinique. The habitat consists of hygrophilic (moist) and mesophilic (moderate temperature) areas.

The larvae are polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on Cecropia and Miconia species.

Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F). The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37 °C (about 99 °F). The term is mainly applied to microorganisms.  Organisms that prefer extreme environments are known as extremophiles. Mesophiles have diverse classifications, belonging to two domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and to kingdom Fungi of domain Eukarya.  Mesophiles belonging to the domain Bacteria can either be gram-positive or gram-negative. Oxygen requirements for mesophiles can be aerobic or anaerobic. There are three basic shapes of mesophiles: coccus, bacillus, and spiral.
Los Barrios Power Plant
The Los Barrios Power Plant coal-fired power station is based on the Rankine Cycle. It is located in the municipality of Los Barrios in southern Spain, next to the Gibraltar-San Roque Refinery.

The plant is kept in reserve for Spain's electricity grid. It provides direct employment to over 200 employees and it has a capacity of 567.5 MW.

Rankine cycle
The Rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle describing the process by which certain heat engines, such as steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines, allow mechanical work to be extracted from a fluid as it moves between a heat source and heat sink. The Rankine cycle is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath professor at Glasgow University.

Heat energy is supplied to the system via a boiler where the working fluid (typically water) is converted to a high-pressure gaseous state (steam) in order to turn a turbine. After passing over the turbine the fluid is allowed to condense back into a liquid state as waste heat energy is rejected before being returned to  boiler, completing the cycle. Friction losses throughout the system are often neglected for the purpose of simplifying calculations as such losses are usually much less significant than thermodynamic losses, especially in larger systems.
Alexander Miller (composer)
Alexander Lamont Miller (born September 24, 1968) is an American music composer and Assistant Principal Oboist with the Grand Rapids Symphony. Mr. Miller's 1998 composition "Let Freedom Ring", for large orchestra and narrator, is a symphonic setting of Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech; narration has been performed by President Bill Clinton, James Earl Jones, William Warfield and Danny Glover. Mr. Miller's composition Fireworks was premiered at Carnegie Hall in 2005 as part of the Grand Rapids Symphony's 75th anniversary celebration. More recently, Mr. Miller's 2009 composition "Remix in D" was commissioned by the Modesto Symphony Orchestra and performed by the Grand Rapids Symphony.

William Warfield
William Caesar Warfield (January 22, 1920 – August 25, 2002) was an American concert bass-baritone, known for his appearances in stage productions, Hollywood films, and television programs. A prominent African American artist during the Civil Rights era, he worked with many notable artists, represented the United States during foreign tours, taught at academic institutions, and earned numerous accolades, including a Grammy Award in 1984.
Mifflin Cross Roads, Pennsylvania
Mifflin Cross Roads is an unincorporated community in Beaver Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania.

It is named after Thomas Mifflin, first governor of Pennsylvania, and located three miles east of Mainville.

In the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), its name is misspelled as "Miffin Cross Roads" (the "l" is missing).

Mainville, Pennsylvania
Mainville is a census-designated place in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 134 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.
One More Time (book)
One More Time is a 1986 memoir by comedian Carol Burnett. It was published by Random House and became a New York Times non-fiction bestseller.

Burnett spent her childhood in a Depression-scarred Hollywood neighborhood, where she lived in a dingy single-room apartment with her grandmother. The child of alcoholic parents - a mother who fantasized about success in Hollywood and a father who eventually was committed to a public sanatorium - she constantly daydreamed about a show business career while at the same time realizing the odds of achieving one were very much against her, until a mysterious benefactor financed her move to New York City. In this book, she presents a coming of age tale that's humorous, heartbreaking, and hopeful.

The book served as the basis for the play Hollywood Arms, which Burnett co-wrote with her daughter Carrie Hamilton.

Show business
Show business, sometimes shortened to show biz or showbiz (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents, producers, and distributors), the term applies to the creative element (including artists, performers, writers, musicians, and technicians) and was in common usage throughout the 20th century, though the first known use in print dates from 1850. At that time and for several decades, it typically included the initial definite article the. By the latter part of the century, it had acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of variety, but the term was still in active use. In modern entertainment industry, it is also associated with the fashion industry (creating trend and fashion) and acquiring intellectual property rights from the invested research in the entertainment business.
Worcestobia
Worcestobia is an extinct genus of scorpionfly. It is the only member of the family Worcestobiidae. It was described to contain two species originally assigned to Orthophlebia. Worcestobia gigantea was originally described by Robert John Tillyard in 1933 for NHMUK I. 11102 a hindwing found in the Rhaetian aged Lilstock Formation near Strensham, Worcestershire, United Kingdom The other species, Worcestobia haradai was described in 1991 from KMNH IP 000,002 a forewing found in the Carnian aged Momonoki Formation in a mine near Okuhata, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is distinguished from other members of Panorpoidea by "the forking of Rs2 into two long veins Rs2a and Rs2b"

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
TeXstudio
TeXstudio is a cross-platform open-source LaTeX editor. Its features include an interactive spelling checker, code folding, and syntax highlighting. It does not provide LaTeX itself—the user must choose a TeX distribution and install it first.

Originally called TexMakerX, TeXstudio was started as a fork of Texmaker that tried to extend it with additional features while keeping its look and feel.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
Regolith
Regolith (/ˈrɛɡəlɪθ/) is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons.

Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image. A homogeneous feature is uniform in composition or character (i.e., color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities.
Keewaydin, Minneapolis
Keewaydin (/kiˈweɪdɪn/ kee-WAY-din) is a neighborhood in the Nokomis community in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are Minnehaha Parkway to the north, 34th Avenue to the east, 54th Street to the south, and Cedar Avenue to the west.

The neighborhood contains the majority of Lake Nokomis. It is located both in Wards 11 and 12 of the Minneapolis City Council and state legislative district 63B..

Keewaydin shares a neighborhood organization with the Minnehaha, Morris Park, and Wenonah neighborhoods, which are collectively referred to as Nokomis East and served by the Nokomis East Neighborhood Association (NENA).
44°54′36″N 93°14′08″W﻿ / ﻿44.9099°N 93.2356°W﻿ / 44.9099; -93.2356

Government of Minneapolis
Minneapolis, the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County, operates under a Mayor–council government system. This article provides an overview of the structure and functions of Minneapolis's city government.
NHL on NBC commentators
From 2006 to 2008, NBC's studio show was originally broadcast out of the rink at New York's Rockefeller Center, at the foot of NBC's offices during January and February. This allowed the on-air talent, including commentators for NHL on NBC, and their guests (often ex-players and youth hockey teams) to demonstrate plays and hockey skills. From April onwards, and during inclement weather, the studio show moved to Studio 8G inside the GE Building, where NBC produces its Football Night in America program. For the Stanley Cup Finals, the show was usually broadcast on location.

Beginning in 2008, the studio show originated from the game venue. In 2012, the studio show moved to NBC Sports’ new headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut. The studio show now usually goes on the road for special events like the Winter Classic, All-Star Weekend, the Stadium Series, and the Stanley Cup Finals.

Mike Emrick
Michael "Doc" Emrick (born August 1, 1946) is an American former network television play-by-play sportscaster and commentator noted mostly for his work in ice hockey. He was the lead announcer for National Hockey League national telecasts on both NBC and NBCSN. Among the many awards Emrick has received is the NHL's Lester Patrick Award in 2004, making him the first of only six to have received the award for media work, and the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award by the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2008. He has also won nine national Emmy Awards for excellence in sports broadcasting, the only hockey broadcaster to be honored with even one. On December 12, 2011, Emrick became the first member of the media to be inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2017, Sports Illustrated listed Emrick as the sportscaster of the year.
Garda RFC
Garda RFC is the rugby union team with players drawn mostly from local areas of Westmanstown (Lucan, Leixlip, Dunboyne, Clonsilla, Castleknock, Blanchardstown) and members of Garda Síochána, the national police force of Ireland. It currently plays in Division 2B of the Leinster League.

Blanchardstown
Blanchardstown (Irish: Baile Bhlainséir) is a large outer suburb of Dublin in the modern county of Fingal, Ireland. Located ten kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Dublin city centre, it has developed since the 1960s from a small village to a point where Greater Blanchardstown is the largest urban area in Fingal.

It is within the historical barony of Castleknock in the traditional County Dublin, as well as the Dublin 15 postal area and the Dublin West electoral constituency.

One of Ireland's largest shopping and leisure complexes — the Blanchardstown Centre and adjacent facilities — is located in the area.
Daniel Ruch
Daniel Ruch (born January 1, 1983, in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey) is an assistant soccer coach with Virginia Wesleyan.  He played professionally for two years for the Virginia Beach Mariners of the USL Second Division and the Wilmington Hammerheads FC.

Ruch attended Ridgefield Park High School.  He then began his college soccer career at Lynchburg College before finishing it at Old Dominion University.  In 2006, he signed with the Virginia Beach Mariners of the USL Second Division before moving to the Wilmington Hammerheads FC of USL-2 in 2007. He retired from playing professionally after the 2007 season and was hired that fall by Virginia Wesleyan as a goalkeeper coach.

Old Dominion University
Old Dominion University (ODU) is a public research university in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Established in 1930 as the two-year Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary, the school became an independent college in 1962 and attained university status in 1969. In 2023, it had an enrollment of 23,494 students, and its main campus covers 250 acres.

The university's name is derived from one of Virginia's state nicknames, "The Old Dominion", given by King Charles II of England in recognition of its loyalty to the crown during the English Civil War. ODU offers 175 undergraduate and graduate degree programs from seven colleges and three schools. It has a Carnegie Classification of "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" with "Higher Access, Medium Earnings". Old Dominion has approximately 165,000 alumni in all 50 US states and 67 countries.
Mint 400
The Mint 400 is an annual American desert off-road race which takes place near Las Vegas, Nevada. It was resumed in 2008 after a 20-year hiatus.

The race was for both motorcycles, until 1977, and four-wheel vehicles (buggies, cars and trucks) sponsored by Del Webb's Mint Hotel and Casino. Webb, a real estate developer and friend of Howard Hughes, was owner of the Mint Hotel in downtown Las Vegas. It became known as The Great American Desert Race.

Del Webb
Delbert Eugene Webb (May 17, 1899 – July 4, 1974) was an American real-estate developer and a co-owner of the New York Yankees baseball club. He founded and developed the retirement community of Sun City, Arizona, which was built by his Del E. Webb Construction Company.
AdventHealth Winter Park
AdventHealth Winter Park is a non-profit hospital campus in Winter Park, Florida, United States owned by AdventHealth. The medical facility is a tertiary, psychiatric hospital, teaching hospital, burn center, and primary stroke center that has multiple specialties. The hospital has an affiliation with AdventHealth Orlando.

Non-profit hospital
A non-profit hospital is a hospital that does not make profits for owners of the hospital from the funds collected for patient services. The owners of non-profit hospitals are often a charitable organization or non-profit corporations. Fees for service above the cost of service are reinvested in the hospital. Other funding types for hospitals include public hospitals and for-profit hospitals.
Cangqian Campus, Hangzhou Normal University station
Cangqian Campus, Hangzhou Normal University (simplified Chinese: 杭师大仓前; traditional Chinese: 杭師大倉前), formerly known as Hangzhou Normal University Cangqian Campus, is a metro station on Line 5 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It is located in the Yuhang District of Hangzhou and it serves the Cangqian Campus of Hangzhou Normal University. It will be an interchange station of lines 5 and 12 in the future.

Yuhang, Hangzhou
Yuhang is a suburban district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

On April 9, 2021, Linping District was established, consisting of the former Yuhang subdistricts of Linping, Donghu, Nanyuan, Xingqiao, Yunhe, Qiaosi, Chongxian and the Town of Tangxi.

Yuhang is the largest district of Hangzhou. The administration center of Yuhang District is Linping, which is a subcenter of Hangzhou located in the northeast side of downtown area. It connects with the downtown via Metro Line 3.
Turks and Caicos rock iguana
The Turks and Caicos rock iguana (Cyclura carinata) is a species of lizard endemic to the Turks and Caicos islands. This small iguana can reach 30 in (76 cm) and becomes mature at seven years and may live for twenty. A single clutch of up to nine eggs is laid each year, and these take three months to hatch. This iguana is mostly herbivorous, but supplements this by adding some animal matter to its diet.

At one time numerous, these iguanas have been depleted by introduced predators, mainly cats and dogs. Their habitat is being degraded by overgrazing and trampling of vegetation which reduces the availability of food for the iguanas. They have been wiped out of some islands and cling on precariously in others. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated them as endangered. Various conservation efforts are being undertaken, and some iguanas have been relocated to uninhabited islets in an effort to prevent them from becoming extinct.

Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.

Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds. Degrading land, emissions from animal agriculture and reducing the biomass in a ecosystem contribute directly to climate change between grazing events.
Adam Poniński (1758–1816)
Adam Poniński (1758–1816) was a Polish nobleman. Prince, politician (deputy to Grodno Sejm), soldier and officer.

He fought in the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and Kościuszko Uprising. Recipient of Virtuti Militari (in 1792). He reached the rank of a major. In the Uprising he participated in the battle of Racławice; later his regiment failed to arrive at the battle of Maciejowice. This was caused by delayed orders, yet due to his infamous father, also Adam Ponińśki, opponent of the Uprising, Adam was suspected of treason. While his reputation was cleared later by historians, till the end of his life Adam's reputation was seen with suspicion by his contemporaries.

Battle of Racławice
The Battle of Racławice was one of the first battles of the Kościuszko Uprising against Russia. It was fought on 4 April 1794 near the village of Racławice in Lesser Poland.: 185

The battle site is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated on 1 May 2004.  Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. In the original text of Poland Is Not Yet Lost, the battle is mentioned in the last verse.