hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Futures of Education
Futures of Education is a global initiative, launched in 2019, and led by UNESCO (United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), which aims to rethink and shape the future of education. The project's stated goal is to mobilize collective intelligence, generate debate and reimagine how education can contribute to the common good of humanity.

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Yixianornis
Yixianornis (meaning "Yixian Formation bird") is a bird genus from the early Cretaceous period. Its remains have been found in the Jiufotang Formation at Chaoyang (People's Republic of China) dated to the early Aptian age, around 120 million years ago. Only one species, Yixianornis grabaui, is known at present. The specific name, grabaui, is named after American paleontologist Amadeus William Grabau, who surveyed China in the early 20th century.

Pygostyle
Pygostyle (/ˈpaɪɡəˌstaɪl/; from Ancient Greek πυγή [pugḗ] 'tail, rump' and στῦλος [stûlos] 'pillar, column') is a skeletal condition in which the final few caudal vertebrae are fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these. The pygostyle is the main component of the uropygium, a structure colloquially known as the bishop's nose, parson's nose, pope's nose, or sultan's nose. This is the fleshy protuberance visible at the posterior end of a bird (most commonly a chicken or turkey) that has been dressed for cooking. It has a swollen appearance because it also contains the uropygial gland that produces preen oil.
Grassland
A grassland is an area (or ecosystem) where the vegetation is dominated by grasses. Sedges and rushes can also be found along with some of legumes such as clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except for Antarctica and are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. Furthermore, grasslands are one of the largest biomes on Earth, covering 31–69% of the Earth's land area. There are different types of grasslands: natural grasslands, semi-natural grasslands, and agricultural grasslands.

Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family.  It consists of 7 genera and about 464 known species  of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials. Despite the apparent similarity, Juncaceae are not counted among the plants with the vernacular name bulrush.
The Cradle (Washington)
The Cradle is a prominent 7,472-foot (2,277-metre) double summit mountain located in Chelan County of Washington state. The mountain's name is derived from the depression between the two peaks of nearly identical elevation. The Cradle is situated within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness and is part of the Wenatchee Mountains, which is subset of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher peak is Jack Ridge, 5.7 mi (9.2 km) to the east-southeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of Icicle Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Wenatchee River. The first ascent of the south peak was made in 1944 by Gene Paxton and Dwight Watson, whereas the north peak wasn't climbed until 1952 by Bill and Gene Prater.

Wenatchee River
The Wenatchee River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington, originating at Lake Wenatchee and flowing southeast for 53 miles (85 km), emptying into the Columbia River immediately north of Wenatchee, Washington. On its way it passes the towns of Plain, Leavenworth, Peshastin, Dryden, Cashmere, Monitor, and Wenatchee, all within Chelan County. The river attracts kayaking and river rafting enthusiasts and tourism.

Tributaries include the Chiwawa River, Nason Creek, Peshastin Creek, and Icicle Creek. Its drainage basin is 1,333 square miles (3,450 km2) in area.
Naqada I
The Naqada I culture, originally called the Amratian culture, was the first Pre-dynastic archaeological culture of prehistoric Egypt, centering on Upper Egypt. Depending on the sources, it lasted approximately from 3,750 to 3,500 BC, from c. 4,000/3,900 to c. 3,600 BC, or from 4,000 to 3,500 BC. It corresponds to the original Flinders Petrie "Sequence Dates" SD 31–37.

All Naqada I sites are located in Upper Egypt, ranging from Matmar in the north, to Kubaniya and Khor Bahan in the south. The Amratian/ Naqada I culture is broadly similar to the previous Badarian culture, and may to some extent be considered as a later variation, characterized with more diversity in the types of graves, and therefore the appearance of a level of social hierarchy.

Pushkin Museum
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Russian: Государственный музей изобразительных искусств имени А. С. Пушкина, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy muzey izobrazitel'nykh iskusstv imeni A. S. Pushkina, abbreviated as Russian: ГМИИ, GMII) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow. It is located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatoslav Richter's December Nights has been held in the Pushkin Museum since 1981.
Anna Csiki
Anna Júlia Csiki (Hungarian: [ˈɒnːɒ ˈjuːlijɒ ˈt͡ʃiki]; born 14 November 1999) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Roma, on loan from Women's Super League club Tottenham Hotspur, and the Hungary national team.

Serie A Femminile
The Serie A (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈa]), also known as the Serie A Women Athora for sponsorship reasons, is the highest league of women's football in Italy. Established in 1968, it has been run by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) since the 2018–19 season, and currently features 12 teams.

The most successful club in the league's history is Torres, who have won seven times. The current Serie A champions are Juventus who have won their sixth title. As of the 2022–23 edition, the Serie A is ranked fifth in the UEFA women's coefficient, and the top three teams qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

The Serie A became fully-professional from the 2022–23 season, removing the salary cap and allowing teams to pay their players a higher wage. Women's footballers became the first female athletes in Italy to be fully professional. The number of teams also decreased from 12 to 10, though re-increased to 12 teams in the 2025–26 season.
Éamonn mac An Cosnamhach Ó Dubhda
Éamonn mac An Cosnamhach Ó Dubhda  was an Irish Chief of the Name and Lord of Tireragh who died c. 1471.

Almost the only document dealing with the succession of the Ó Dubhda Chief of the Name is Araile do fhlathaibh Ua nDubhda, which presents many chronological difficulties. Even when dates and/or lengths of reigns are given, they can only be approximated as some chiefs may have ruled in opposition to each other.

Araile describes Éamonn as reigning for "five weeks and half a year".

Tireragh
Tireragh (/ˌtɪˈrɛərə/; Irish: Tír Fhiachrach) is a historical barony in Connacht, Ireland. It largely corresponds to the former Gaelic túath of Tír Fhíacrach Múaidhe.

Originally situated solely within the borders of County Sligo, the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 altered existing county boundaries, resulting in the traditional baronial lands of Tireragh now falling within the administrative boundaries of both County Sligo and County Mayo.
Bōnoma Prefectural Natural Park
Bōnoma Prefectural Nature Park (坊野間県立自然公園, Bōnoma kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Nature Park in southwest Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1953, the park spans the municipalities of Makurazaki and Minamisatsuma.

Minamisatsuma
Minamisatsuma (南さつま市, Minamisatsuma-shi) is a city located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.  As of 30 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 31,397 in 16,779 households, and a  population density of 110 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 283.59 km2 (109.49 sq mi).
Korutürk
Korutürk is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emel Korutürk (1915–2013), Turkish painter and First Lady of Turkey

Fahri Korutürk (1903–1987), Turkish navy officer, diplomat and sixth President of Turkey

Osman Korutürk (born 1944), Turkish diplomat and politician

Zergün Korutürk (born 1948), Turkish diplomat

Fahri Korutürk
Fahri Sabit Korutürk (15 August 1903 – 12 October 1987) was a Turkish admiral, diplomat and politician who was the president of Turkey from 1973 to 1980. Before his presidency, he served as the commander of the Turkish Naval Forces from 1957 to 1960.

He was also a member of the Senate of the Republic from 1968 to 1973 and again in 1980. Prior to his senatorship, he served as Turkey's ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1960 to 1964.
Ujjain Municipal Corporation
Ujjain Municipal Corporation is the governing body of the city of Ujjain in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure and public services. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Ujjain Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner. Ujjain Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.

Municipal corporation (India)
A municipal corporation is a 
type of local government in India which administers an urban area having a population of one million or more. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.

The municipal corporation carries out its function through divisions or departments. For example, water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department.

The 74th Amendment Act defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities.
Marquis Opera House
The Marquis Opera House is a historic building in Scottsbluff, Nebraska. It was first built by L. C. Marquis and C. R. Inman in 1909–10 as a theatre, with an auditorium inside. It closed down, and the building redesigned in the Classical Revival style in 1916. The auditorium was remodelled into floors for apartments and offices. The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 10, 1985.

Scottsbluff, Nebraska
Scottsbluff is a city in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, United States, in the Great Plains region. The population was 14,436 at the 2020 census. Scottsbluff is the largest city in the Nebraska Panhandle, and the 13th-most-populous city in Nebraska.

Scottsbluff was founded in 1899 across the North Platte River from its namesake, a bluff that is now protected by the National Park Service as Scotts Bluff National Monument. The monument was named after Hiram Scott, a fur trader with the Rocky Mountain Fur Company who was found dead in the vicinity on the return trip from a fur expedition. The smaller town of Gering had been founded south of the river in 1887. The two cities have since grown together to form the 7th-largest urban area (the Scottsbluff Micropolitan Statistical Area) in Nebraska.
Ioan Lemeni
Ioan Lemeni (Hungarian: Lemény János; 22 April 1780 – 29 March 1861) was an ethnic Romanian prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Bishop of Făgăraş and Primate of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church from 1833 to his resignation in 1850.

Romanians in Hungary
The Romanians in Hungary (Romanian: Românii din Ungaria, Hungarian: Magyarországi románok) constituted a small minority. According to the most recent Hungarian census of 2011 (based on self-reporting), the population of Romanians was 35,641 or 0.3%, a significant increase from 8,482 or 0.1% of 2001. The community is concentrated in towns and villages close to the Romanian border, such as Battonya, Elek, Kétegyháza, Pusztaottlaka and Méhkerék, and in the city of Gyula. Romanians also live in the Hungarian capital, Budapest. As of 2011, Romanians constitute one of the largest foreign communities in the country.
Metalocalypse season 2
The second season  of the animated show Metalocalypse originally aired on Adult Swim from September 23, 2007 to September 7, 2008 with 19 episodes. The show follows virtual death metal band Dethklok. The majority of the music featured this season was released on the 2009 album Dethalbum II, while the song "Impeach God" from the episode "Dethgov" was released as part of Dethalbum III in 2012. The first episode of this season, "Dethecution" was released as part of the deluxe edition of The Dethalbum. This season featured the new re-recorded version of the "Deththeme", released as a hidden track on The Dethalbum.

In May 2015, this season became available on Hulu Plus with all episodes in HD. Some episodes on Hulu Plus, such as "Snakes & Barrels II" contain uncensored nudity and additional graphic violence, however all episodes still contain their original broadcast audio with words such as "fuck" and "shit" bleeped out.

Dethalbum II
Dethalbum II is the second full length album by virtual band Dethklok, from the animated series Metalocalypse. The CD and deluxe CD/DVD were released on September 29, 2009. The album was later released on LP to the United States and Canada.
Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog
In philately, the Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog is the most recent encyclopedic catalogue of postal stationery covering the whole world.  Despite most volumes not having been updated for over thirty years, the catalogue and the H & G numbering system are still widely used by philatelists and stamp dealers although the values given in the catalogue are out of date.

The catalogue was published between 1964 and 1989 and comprises nineteen alphabetical volumes with supplements. The earlier volumes were edited by Edward Fladung who worked with Alexander D. Gage in the production of the catalogue. Later editions were edited by Melvin Feiner.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Ammu (1965 film)
Ammu is a 1965 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by N. N. Pisharady and produced by M. Kesavan. The film stars Ambika in the eponymous role along with Sathyan, Madhu, Sukumari and Adoor Bhasi in pivotal roles. It marked actress Sujatha Menon’s debut film as an actress in the industry.

Sujatha (actress)
Sujatha (10 December 1952 – 6 April 2011) was an Indian actress who worked in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films in addition to few in Kannada and Hindi languages as well. The actress was best known for restraint and subtlety in portrayal of varied emotions. After starring in numerous Malayalam films in her mother-tongue, Sujatha later got introduced to the Tamil film industry by veteran director K. Balachander and as a protagonist in her first Tamil film, Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974).
Trimley St Martin
Trimley St. Martin is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It lies between the rivers Orwell and the Deben, on the long narrow tongue of land from Ipswich to Felixstowe referred to as the Colneis Hundred. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1942.

The village, and its neighbour Trimley St. Mary, are famous for their adjacent churches, which were built as the result of a historical family feud. St. Martin's church is the northerly church (at grid reference TM 276 370).

River Deben
The River Deben is a river in Suffolk rising to the west of Debenham, though a second, higher source runs south from the parish of Bedingfield. The river passes through Woodbridge, turning into a tidal estuary before entering the North Sea at Felixstowe Ferry. The mouth of the estuary is crossed by a ferry connecting Felixstowe and Bawdsey.
Battle of Constantinople (378)
The Battle of Constantinople was a Gothic attack on Constantinople in 378 following the Gothic victory at the Battle of Adrianople. The emperor Valens's widow Domnica prepared the defence, and also reinforced the city with Arab warriors, who performed excellently in combat. It is said that the Goths were impressed when one of the Arab warriors stormed out of the city naked, slaughtered enemies, and drank blood from the neck of a decapitated Goth. Other sources maintain that the Goths actually abandoned the attack because they were greatly outnumbered.

In the end, Goths did not enter the city and retreated to Thrace and Moesia.

Moesia
Moesia (/ˈmiːʃə, -siə, -ʒə/; Latin: Moesia; Greek: Μοισία, romanized: Moisía) was a Roman province situated in the Haemus  Peninsula, south of the Danube River. Created after the Danubian-Hæmus conquest during the reign of Augustus, Moesia included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Albania, northern parts of North Macedonia (Moesia Superior), Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobruja and small parts of Southern Ukraine (Moesia Inferior).
Shedde
“Shedde”, (Azerbaijani: Şəddə) are Azerbaijani lint-free carpets part of the Karabakh group of the Karabakh type. These carpets were produced mainly in Nakhchivan, in Aghjabedi, Aghdam, Gubadly and Jabrayil districts of Azerbaijan.

Aghjabadi District
Aghjabadi District (Azerbaijani: Ağcabədi rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the centre of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojavend, Agdam, Barda, Zardab, Beylagan, and Fuzuli. Its capital and largest city is Aghjabadi. As of 2020, the district had a population of 136,800.
Wilmagate
WilmaGate is a collection of open-source tools for Authentication, Authorization and Accounting on an Open Access Network. It has been initially developed by the Computer Networks and Mobility Group at the University of Trento (Italy).

Its development has been part of the locally funded Wilma Project and is now being pursued by the Twelve Project under the name Uni-Fy.  It is currently being used for wireless authentication at the Faculty of Science at the University of Trento and by the UniWireless network of Italian research groups participating in the Twelve Project.

Open Access Network
The Open Access Network (OAN) encourages partnerships between scholarly societies, research libraries, and other institutional partners in order to support the infrastructure of scholarly communication and support open access publishing in the humanities and social sciences. It was launched in 2015 by K|N Consultants, the not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization which authored the well-received white paper on which the OAN is based.
St. John Chrysostom Church (Delafield, Wisconsin)
St. John Chrysostom Church, also known as the Episcopal Church of St. John Chrysostom and the Little Red Church on the Hill, is a wooden Episcopal church built in 1852 in Delafield, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. In 1972 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

St. John's is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee. Its current rector is the Rev. Philip J. Cunningham. In 2020, it reported 95 members and 88 average attendance, with $112,495 plate and pledge. In 2024, it reported 74 Average Sunday Attendance and $151,118 in plate and pledge income.

Delafield, Wisconsin
Delafield is a city in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Bark River. The population was 7,185 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.

The city of Delafield is a separate municipality from the Town of Delafield, both of which are situated in township 7 North Range 18 East.
Kyaw Kyaw Naing
Kyaw Kyaw Naing (Burmese: ကျော်ကျော်နိုင်; born 1964) is a Burmese traditional hsaing waing musician known for introducing Burmese folk music to the world stage. He is a master of the pat waing, a traditional Burmese drum-circle instrument; the player sits in the middle of a horseshoe-shaped shell made of elaborately carved wood and decorated with gold leaf. He is the only known American-based hsaing proponent.

Pat waing
The pat waing (Burmese: ပတ်ဝိုင်း) is a set of 21 pitched hand drums used in the Burmese folk musical ensemble (hsaing waing).

The player sits in the middle of a horseshoe-shaped shell made of elaborately carved wood and decorated with gold leaf. The 21 drums are played with the bare hands. Originally known as the saing waing because the drums were hung on eight carved wooden plunks in a circle, the instrument is now generally referred to as a pat waing.
Animetal the Second (album)
Animetal the Second (アニメタル・ザ・セカンド, Animetaru za Sekando) is the first full-length album by Animetal the Second, a solo project by anonymous female singer Queen.M. Released through Gr8! Records on March 25, 2015, it is a spiritual continuation of Eizo Sakamoto's cover band Animetal. The album consists of heavy metal covers of popular anime theme songs from the 1990s and 2000s. It also features guest performances by Dokken guitarist George Lynch, Pretty Maids guitarist Ken Hammer, Ratt guitarist Warren DeMartini, Granrodeo guitarist E-Zuka and Loudness members Akira Takasaki and Masayoshi Yamashita.

The album peaked at No. 137 on Oricon's weekly albums chart.

Eizo Sakamoto
Eizo Sakamoto (坂本 英三, Sakamoto Eizō, also credited as さかもと えいぞう Sakamoto Eizō, born February 23, 1964) is a Japanese musician, singer and songwriter who was born in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture. He is most famous for being the lead vocalist of heavy metal band Anthem. In the 1990s he started up the band Animetal which performed heavy metal covers of anime and tokusatsu opening and closing themes. He also was involved with the Anison band JAM Project before reuniting with Anthem. Sakamoto then began a new project called Eizo Japan which is similar to Animetal: more heavy metal covers of theme songs post-disbanding, along with original material.
Ajit Kumar Bhuyan
Ajit Kumar Bhuyan (born 1952) is an Indian politician and former journalist and author serving as a member of Rajya Sabha from Assam since 2020 and the founder and president of Anchalik Gana Morcha since 2020.  He is also a former editor of the Asomiya Pratidin, Aji, Natun Samay, and Prag News.

Asomiya Pratidin
Asomiya Pratidin is an Assamese-language daily newspaper catering to all of Assam, with five editions published from Guwahati, Bongaigaon, Dibrugarh, and North Lakhimpur. The other periodical and magazines published under the Pratidin group are Sadin, Nandini and Satsori.