hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vaginal ring
Vaginal rings (also known as intravaginal rings, or V-Rings) are polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs for intravaginal administration over extended periods of time.  The ring is inserted into the vagina and provides contraception protection. Vaginal rings come in one size that fits most people.

Progesterone
Progesterone (/proʊˈdʒɛstəroʊn/ ⓘ; P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. It belongs to a group of steroid hormones called the progestogens and is the major progestogen in the body. Progesterone has a variety of important functions in the body. It is also a crucial metabolic intermediate in the production of other endogenous steroids, including the sex hormones and the corticosteroids, and plays an important role in brain function as a neurosteroid.

In addition to its role as a natural hormone, progesterone is also used as a medication, such as in combination with estrogen for contraception, to reduce the risk of uterine or cervical cancer, in hormone replacement therapy, and in feminizing hormone therapy. It was first prescribed in 1934.
Buza (martial art)
Buza (Russian: Буза) is a traditional hand-to-hand Russian folkloric fight. It is expressed as a men's dance battle, combining movements similar to the Tropak and Hopak traditional dances with spinning kicks and sweep kicks, some techniques similar to the Brazilian capoeira. The practice includes the use of traditional Russian costumes, traditional musical accompaniment (optional) and sometimes the use of traditional Russian medieval weapons (such as sticks and knives).

Apparently, there are regular full contact competitions between school fighters from different regions.

Hopak
Hopak (Ukrainian: гопак, IPA: [ɦoˈpɑk]) is a Ukrainian folk dance originating as a male dance among the Zaporozhian Cossacks, but later danced by couples, male soloists, and mixed groups of dancers. It is performed most often as a solitary concert dance by amateur and professional Ukrainian dance ensembles, as well as other performers of folk dances. It has also been incorporated into larger artistic opuses such as operas, ballets and theatre.

The hopak is often popularly referred to as the "National Dance of Ukraine" and has become very popular in Poland. There are similar folkloric dance tunes known as Sirmpa in Leros, Greece.
Political violence in the 2024 United States presidential election
Several incidents of political violence occurred before, during, and after the 2024 United States presidential election. The years surrounding the 2016, 2020, and 2024 elections have seen political violence as the United States has entered an era of political violence unseen since the Civil Rights Era or the Antebellum period due to the rise of extremist groups such as the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers. Many political and anthropological experts such as Barbara F. Walter and Neil Howe have hypothesized that the United States is nearing a second civil war or era of political violence unseen in American history since the 1860s.

Neil Howe
Neil Howe (born October 21, 1951) is an American author and consultant. He is best known for his work with William Strauss on social generations regarding a theorized generational cycle in American history, wherein they notably coined the term Millennials. Howe is currently the managing director of demography at Hedgeye and he is president of Saeculum Research and LifeCourse Associates, consulting companies he founded with Strauss to apply their generational theory. He is also a senior associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies' Global Aging Initiative, and a senior advisor to the Concord Coalition.
2014–15 Bangladesh Premier League (football)
The 2014–15 Bangladesh Premier League is also known as Manyavar Bangladesh Premier League due to the sponsorship from Manyavar. It was the 8th season of the Bangladesh Premier League since its establishment in 2007. A total of 11 teams compete in the league.

Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club are the defending champions, having won their Bangladesh Premier League title the previous season. Farashganj SC and Rahmatganj MFS entered as the two promoted teams.

Feni SC
Feni Soccer Club (Bengali: ফেনী সকার ক্লাব) commonly referred to as Feni SC, was a Bangladeshi football club based in Feni. The club exited the professional football league, after suffering relegation from the Bangladesh Championship League, the second-tier, in 2018–19. With the further formation of NoFeL SC in the same district, the club was dissolved in 2019. The 5,000 capacity Shahid Salam Stadium was their home ground.
Günther Johannes Paetsch
Günther Johannes Paetsch (September 24, 1929 – April 30, 1997) was a German-American cellist and co-founder of the Paetsch Family Chamber Music Ensemble in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. He was the husband of violinist Priscilla Paetsch and the father of their seven children.

Charles Ansbacher
Charles Ansbacher (October 5, 1942 – September 12, 2010) was an American conductor. After undergraduate and graduate work at Brown University ('65) and the University of Cincinnati (M.M. 1968, D.M.A. 1979), he studied conducting at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria. Ansbacher was the conductor and musical director of the Colorado Springs Symphony Orchestra from 1970 to 1989, and, in 2000, founded the Boston Landmarks Orchestra, which gives free classical music concerts at various locations in the Boston area. On September 1, 2010, he was named Conductor Laureate of the Boston Landmarks Orchestra.
Global Mobile Satellite System
The Global Mobile Satellite System (GMSS) consists of several satellite phone providers serving private customers. It can be compared to PLMN (wireless telephony carriers) and PSTN (traditional wire-based telephony).

As of 2023, ranges of numbers have been assigned to two GMSS carriers:

Iridium Satellite LLC

Globalstar

In 1996, the ITU introduced country code +881 for direct international dialing of phones on GMSS providers. (Inmarsat had already been allocated country code +870.) The next digit following the country code is allocated (two at a time) to a particular GMSS carrier:

Plain old telephone service
Plain old telephone service (POTS), or rarely publicly offered telephone service, is a retronym for voice-grade telephone service that employs analog signal transmission over copper loops.

POTS was the standard service offering from telephone companies in the United States until c. 1988, when the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) was introduced, followed by the development of cellular telephone systems and voice over internet protocol (VoIP).

Despite the advent of these technologies, POTS remains a basic form of residential and small business connection to the telephone network in many parts of the world. The term encapsulates a technology that has been available since the introduction of the public telephone system in the late 19th century, remaining largely unchanged despite the introduction of innovations such as Touch-Tone dialing, electronic telephone exchanges and fiber-optic communication into the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Bob Bitmead
Robert Clyde Bitmead (born 17 July 1942) is an Australian former cricketer and coach who played for Victoria between 1966 and 1968. A slow left-arm bowler known for bowling off the wrong foot, Bitmead played 16 first-class matches for Victoria and for the Australians, playing for the latter on their tour of New Zealand in 1967. He also represented Fitzroy in Victorian Premier Cricket.

Following the end of his playing career Bitmead coached at Fitzroy and Richmond, as well as the Victoria and Australia under-19 teams.

In January 2022 a number of former players made allegations of sexual misconduct against Bitmead during his time coaching both the Victoria and Australia under-19 teams.

Fitzroy Doncaster Cricket Club
The Fitzroy Doncaster Cricket Club, nicknamed the Lions, play cricket in the elite club competition of Melbourne, Australia, known as Victorian Premier Cricket. The club was formed by a 1986 amalgamation of Fitzroy Cricket Club, a foundation member of Victorian Premier Cricket in 1905, and Doncaster Cricket Club, a Victorian Sub-District Association team formed in 1864. The Lions play at Schramms Reserve in Doncaster.
EPRA index
The FTSE EPRA Global Real Estate Index is a stock market index series jointly managed by EPRA (Brussels), FTSE (UK) and NAREIT (US), composed of property company constituents that trade on several global exchanges.

The European Public Real Estate Association (EPRA), is a non-profit association representing Europe's publicly listed property companies. It is run by an independent management board chaired by Christophe Cuvillier, CEO of Unibail-Rodamco. EPRA's CEO is Dominique Moerenhout.

Decisions taken regarding a constituent's inclusion or exclusion from the various index categories of the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Index series are taken by the index committee for that region, quarterly, on the last day of trading after hours. The decisions are strictly governed by the index ground rules.

Stock market index
In finance, a stock market index or stock index is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.

Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is investable and transparent: The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "tracks" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called tracking error.
Brigittenau
Brigittenau (German: [bʁiˌɡɪtəˈnaʊ] ⓘ) is the 20th district of Vienna (German: 20. Bezirk, Brigittenau). It is located north of the central districts, north of Leopoldstadt on the same island area between the Danube and the Danube Canal. Brigittenau is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings.

The district's name comes from the Brigitta Chapel, built between 1645 and 1651.

It consists of a good tract of land secured by the regulation of the Danube 1870–75, and many of the major streets are named after members of the Danube Regulation Commission. Therefore, it does not contain any distinctive historical areas. Brigittenau was separated from the 2nd district in 1900. Earlier component districts were named Schottenau, Wolfsau, Taborau, and Zwischenbrücken.

The best-known landmark is the Millennium Tower. The district also includes Adolf Hitler's former residence in Vienna, the Meldemannstraße dormitory.

John of Nepomuk
John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) (Czech: Jan Nepomucký; German: Johannes Nepomuk; Latin: Ioannes Nepomucenus) (c. 1345 – 20 March 1393)
was a saint of Bohemia. He was executed by King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia for disobedience. John was thrown into the Vltava river.

A legend grew that John was executed for refusing to divulge the secrets of the Queen's confession to Wenceslaus. This fiction made John of Nepomuk the martyr of the Seal of the Confessional. He is also a patron against calumnies and a protector from floods and drowning.
Once in a Red Moon
Once in a Red Moon (released 2001 by Universal Music – 548 678-2) is the fourth studio album by Secret Garden, excluding the compilation album Dreamcatcher, a Best Of.

The second track, "You Raise Me Up", has since been recorded by more than 100 other artists. The first track, "Awakening", was inspired by the 1900 novel of the same name by Kate Chopin.

London Community Gospel Choir
The London Community Gospel Choir (LCGC) is Britain's first renowned contemporary "performance touring, inspirational gospel choir band", fusing gospel with multi-genres of music, including pop, soul, jazz, R&B, and classical. It was founded in 1982 and has performed with people including Justin Timberlake, Madonna, Gorillaz, and Kylie Minogue.
2001 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
David Adams and John-Laffnie de Jager were the defending champions but only Adams competed that year with Marius Barnard.

Adams and Barnard lost in the first round to Dominik Hrbatý and David Prinosil.

Jonas Björkman and Roger Federer won in the final 6–3, 6–0 against Petr Pála and Pavel Vízner.

John-Laffnie de Jager
John-Laffnie de Jager (born 17 March 1973) is a South African former tour professional tennis player.  A doubles specialist, de Jager reached the semi-finals for three different grand slam tournaments three times in three different years partnering three different fellow South African players.  de Jager is the current non-playing captain of the South Africa Davis Cup team.
Langdon House
The Langdon House is a historic house on the eastern side of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.  Located along Eastern Avenue, it is a frame house with weatherboarded walls, built in the Steamboat Gothic style.  It was erected in 1855 in the village of Columbia, which has since been annexed to the city of Cincinnati.  Seven years after it was constructed, its owner, Henry Langdon, joined the 79th Ohio Infantry to fight in the Civil War.  After his return in 1865, Langdon returned to his Columbia house; there he maintained a medical practice until his 1876 death.

In 1969, the Langdon House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  Key to its inclusion is its unusually well-preserved historic architecture: almost no other Steamboat Gothic houses remain in Cincinnati.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Beach volleyball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament
The men's beach volleyball tournament at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held on the Gold Coast, Australia from April 6 to 12. The beach volleyball competition was held at Coolangatta Beachfront. This was the first time that beach volleyball was held at the Commonwealth Games. A total of twelve men's teams competed (24 athletes, at 2 per team).

Coolangatta
Coolangatta is a coastal suburb in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It is the Gold Coast's southernmost suburb and it borders New South Wales. In the 2021 census, Coolangatta had a population of 6,491 people.
Alexander the Great Marathon
The Alexander the Great Marathon (Greek: Μαραθώνιος Μέγας Αλέξανδρος) is an annual marathon race held in mid-April between Pella (birthplace of Alexander the Great) and Thessaloniki, Greece, since 2006.

It is an AIMS-certified race, and its editions of 2010 and 2011 received IAAF Bronze Label Road Race status.

In addition to the marathon race, the day's events include popular fun runs over five and ten kilometres.

Fun run
A fun run is a friendly race that involves either road running or cross country running with participants taking part for their own enjoyment rather than competition. A fun run will usually be held to raise funds for a charity, with sponsors providing the revenue to cover organisational costs. Fun runs can include novelty categories, such as wearing costumes, and age categories for child, teen, adult and senior. Fun runs can also be included as a side event to a marathon or other more serious races. Motorcycle, snowmobile, and other motorized vehicle events are also sometimes categorized as "fun runs".

One of the biggest annual fun runs in Europe is "la Cursa El Corte Inglés" in Barcelona, with about 55,000 participants.
Waikato Aero Club
The Waikato Aero Club (Waikato Avitation) was founded in 1933 to provide pilot training and aerial services to the Waikato region of New Zealand. The club is based at Hamilton Airport near Rukuhia, on the outskirts of Hamilton.

The club has New Zealand Qualifications Authority as an education services provider and runs a full-time ab initio to commercial pilot course of study for qualifying students.

The Waikato Aero Club is affiliated with the Royal New Zealand Aero Club and actively participates in the annual flying skills competitions organised by the RNZAC national body.

New Zealand Qualifications Authority
The New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA; Māori: Mana Tohu Mātauranga o Aotearoa) is the New Zealand government Crown entity tasked with administering educational assessment and qualifications. It was established by the Education Act 1989.

NZQA administers the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) and the New Zealand Scholarship for secondary school students. It is also responsible for the quality assurance of non-university, tertiary training providers, the New Zealand Register of Quality Assured Qualifications, and the New Zealand Qualifications Framework. It has further roles in evaluating overseas qualifications.

In July 1990 it took over the work of the former Universities Entrance Board, the Ministry of Education's examinations, the Trades Certification Board, and the Authority for Advanced Vocational Awards.

NZQA is funded from the central government and third party revenue, and as of 2022 had an annual budget of approximately $80 million.
Falling Creek, Virginia
Falling Creek was an unincorporated location in Virginia, United States,  along Interstate 95 near the point where a local tributary, Falling Creek, has its confluence with the James River. It was perhaps best known as the site of one of the toll barriers on the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike, completed in 1958. In modern times, I-95 and the more recently built Pocahontas Parkway toll road now occupy much of the site. 
Nearby, at the northwestern edge, the old lost town of Port Warwick was located on the river before it was destroyed during the American Revolutionary War.

Nearby, portions of the original Warwick Road extended through what is now South Richmond and Chesterfield County to the Bon Air, Virginia area.

Along U.S. 1, also nearby, a historic stone bridge across Falling Creek  was destroyed by flood waters resulting from Tropical Storm Gaston in August, 2004.

Falling Creek (James River tributary)
Falling Creek is a tributary of the James River located near Richmond, Virginia, United States.  Approximately 23 miles (37 km) in length, it varies in width between 10 feet (3.0 m) at its source to several hundred feet in the Falling Creek Reservoir. Falling Creek rises in the Salisbury section of northwestern Chesterfield County, flows through Southside Richmond and empties into the James River roughly one mile south of the Richmond city limits.  A dam located in the Meadowbrook section of the county at Hopkins Road forms the Falling Creek Reservoir, formerly used as northern Chesterfield's drinking water supply.
Washington's Birthday Celebration
The Washington's Birthday Celebration (WBCA) is an almost month-long event held each February in Laredo, the seat of Webb County in south Texas, that celebrates the birthday of George Washington. It is the largest celebration of its kind in the United States with approximately 400,000 attendees annually. The celebration consists of various festivals; a Society of Martha Washington Colonial Pageant and Ball, Princess Pocahontas Pageant and Ball, two parades, a carnival, an air show, fireworks, live concerts, "Fun-Fest" at Laredo Community College, and a citywide prom during which many of the Laredo elite dress in Colonial attire. Each year a prominent Laredo man and woman play the roles of George and Martha Washington. One of its main events, the Jalapeño Festival, has recently been named one of Top 10 eating festivals in the United States.

Ball (dance event)
A ball is a formal dance event often characterised by a banquet followed by a social dance. Ball dancing emerged from formal dances during the Middle Ages and carried on through different iterations throughout succeeding centuries, such as the 17th century Baroque dance and the 18th century cotillion. Several variations exists such as the masquerade and debutante ball as well as the more modern prom.
Pilgrimella
Pilgrimella is an extinct early Eocene genus of anthracobunid, a group of stem perissodactyls (formerly classified with proboscideans). It was a ground dwelling grazer with massive bilophodont molars (cusps aligned in two transverse ridges.) Dental remains of this animal have been found in Chorlakki, Punjab province, Pakistan, and in the Subathu Formation in North-West India.

The genus is considered by some paleontologists as a synonym of Anthracobune.

Lesser Himalayan Strata
One of the major depositional strata in the Himalaya is the Lesser Himalayan Strata from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras. It had a quite different marine succession during the Paleozoic, as most parts of it are sparsely fossiliferous or even devoid of any well-defined fossils. Moreover, it consists of many varied lithofacies, making correlation work more difficult. This article describes the major formations of the Paleozoic – Mesozoic Lesser Himalayan Strata, including the Tal Formation, Gondwana Strata, Singtali Formation and Subathu Formation.
Vilnius urban area
The Vilnius urban area (known in Lithuanian as: Vilniaus aglomeracija and legally as the Vilniaus miesto tvarios plėtros strategijos įgyvendinimo teritorija) is the functional urban area of Vilnius. The continuous built-up area is spread across three municipalities in Vilnius County, spanning for 538 km2.

Functional urban area
The functional urban area (FUA), previously known as larger urban zone (LUZ), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban. It consists of a city and its commuting zone, which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city.

The FUA represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area. Eurostat's objective was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region." To ensure a good data availability, Eurostat adjusts the FUA boundaries to administrative boundaries that approximate the functional urban area.
Proudfit
Proudfit is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Proudfit (1820–1883), American politician and businessman

David Law Proudfit (1842–1897), American poet and lithographer

James Kerr Proudfit (1831–1917), American Civil War colonel, surveyor and politician

Andrew Proudfit
Andrew Proudfit (August 3, 1820 – November 12, 1883) was an American politician and businessman.

Proudfit was born in Argyle, New York. In 1843, Proudfit and his family moved to Brookfield, Wisconsin Territory. He worked in the grain and bank business. Proudfit served as chairman of the Delafield Town Board. In 1854, Proudfit moved to Madison, Wisconsin. Proudfit served in the Wisconsin Senate in 1858 and 1859. Proudfit also served as mayor of Madison from 1869 to 1871. Proudfit died at his home in Madison, Wisconsin.