hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philippines at the 2013 Summer Universiade
The Philippines competed at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia from 6 to 17 July 2013. The Philippines sent 39 athletes.

The University Athletic Association of the Philippines  (UAAP), the organization which previously sent athletes to the Universiade prohibited athletes from its member schools to participate in the 2013 edition of the Universiade as well as tournaments organized by Federation of School Sports Association of the Philippines.

The Philippines won its first gold medal from GM Wesley So in chess.

University Athletic Association of the Philippines
The University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), established in 1938, is an athletic association of eight Metro Manila universities in the Philippines. The eight-member schools are Adamson University (AdU), Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University (DLSU), Far Eastern University (FEU), National University (NU), University of the East (UE), University of the Philippines Diliman (UP), and the University of Santo Tomas (UST).

Varsity teams from these universities compete annually in the league's 19 sports categories to vie for the overall championship title, namely, 3x3 basketball, athletics, badminton, baseball, basketball, beach volleyball, cheerdance, chess, esports, fencing, football, judo, softball, street dance, swimming, table tennis, taekwondo kyorugi & poomsae, tennis, and volleyball.
Kirovsky Urban Settlement
Kirovsky Urban Settlement or Kirovskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.

Kirovsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Urban-Type Settlement of Kirovsky in Kamyzyaksky District of Astrakhan Oblast is incorporated as

Kirovsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Kirovsky in Pristensky District of Kursk Oblast is incorporated as

Kirovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation corresponding to Kirovskoye Settlement Municipal Formation, an administrative division of Kirovsky District of Leningrad Oblast

Kirovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Kirovsky and eleven rural localities in Kirovsky District of Primorsky Krai are incorporated as

Kirovsky, Primorsky Krai
45°05′N 133°30′E﻿ / ﻿45.083°N 133.500°E﻿ / 45.083; 133.500

Kirovsky (Russian: Ки́ровский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kirovsky District of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located 27 kilometers (17 mi) east of the China–Russia border. Population:  9,057 (2010 Census); 9,698 (2002 Census); 10,662 (1989 Soviet census).
Femina Miss India Bangalore 2013
Femina Miss India Bangalore  is a beauty pageant in India that annually selects three winners to compete nationally . The winner of Femina Miss India Bangalore  vies in Miss India. It is organized by Femina, a women's magazine published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. The Times Group also conducts a stand-alone contest called Indian Diva to select a representative to Miss Universe .

Femina (India)
Femina (stylized in all caps) is an Indian magazine owned by Worldwide Media, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Times Group. Femina, the oldest women's English magazine in the country, has been published for almost six decades. It has evolved to cover a broad spectrum of topics, including relationships, career, fashion, beauty, and women achievers who have left a mark in their chosen field.

The bimonthly magazine branched out into regionals with Femina Hindi, Femina Bangla and Femina Tamil. Apart from this, it publishes Femina Salon & Spa, which is distributed directly to Indian beauty businesses monthly, and verticals such as Femina Brides, Femina Parenting,  and Femina Cookbook at varying periodicity.

Some of its Marque properties are Femina Beauty Awards, Femina Women Awards, Femina Stylista, Femina Showcase.
Due Leoni-Fontana Candida (Rome Metro)
Due Leoni-Fontana Candida is a station of Line C of the Rome Metro. It is located along the Via Casilina, on Via della Stazione Due Leoni. The previous train station of the Rome–Pantano railway line closed in 2008 and was totally rebuilt into the current Metro station; the stop was opened on 9 November 2014.

Via Casilina
The Via Casilina is a medieval road in Latium and Campania. It led from Rome to Casilinum (present-day Capua), to present-day Santa Maria Capua Vetere.

It was created from the fusion of two ancient Roman roads, the Via Latina and the Via Labicana. The Via Labicana led from Rome to Labicum, while the Via Latina ended at Capua.

In the Middle Ages, Capua was depopulated and the main settlement shifted to Casilinum, formerly a mere fluvial port. This is also the location of the modern town of Capua. As a consequence, the union of the Via Latina and of the Via Labicana took on the new namesake of Via Casilina. This usage also survives for the modern road, while Via Latina is not used anymore.
Balirampur
Balirampur is a village and Village Development Committee  in Bara District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 7,126 persons living in 1,014 individual households. There were 3,685 males and 3,441 females at the time of census.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
ZM-182345
ZM-182345 is a nonsteroidal progestin that was never marketed. It was derived from structural modification of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide. ZM-182345 was found to be at least as potent as progesterone as a progestogen in animals but to also possess androgenic activity.

Nonsteroidal
A nonsteroidal compound is a drug that is neither a steroid nor a steroid derivative. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are distinguished from corticosteroids as a class of anti-inflammatory agents.
Edwin Myers (sportsman)
Edwin Myers (5 July 1888 – 15 September 1916) was an English sportsman. He played eleven first-class cricket matches for Surrey between 1910 and 1914. He also played football for Northfleet and Crystal Palace. He was killed in action during World War I when serving as a corporal in the 21st Battalion (Surrey Rifles) of the London Regiment, on the opening day of the Battle of Flers–Courcelette.

Northfleet United F.C.
Northfleet United Football Club was a football club based in Northfleet, Kent.

Around 1890 organised team football was being played in the town and in 1892 the Northfleet F.C. club was founded. It flourished for a few years in the mid-1890s until its demise in 1898. Several years later in 1903 Northfleet United F.C. was founded. In its playing existence (1903–1939) the United club achieved unrivalled success - they won more trophies than any other senior club competing in Kent-based competitions over that period: they were Kent League Champions on ten occasions, Kent League Cup winners on five occasions and Kent Senior Cup winners nine times. The club disappeared as an independent entity in 1946 after amalgamating with Gravesend United to form Gravesend and Northfleet F.C.
William Sammes (judge)
William Sammes (died 1646) was an English lawyer and Judge of the High Court of Admiralty.

He was awarded the degree of Legum Doctor from Trinity Hall, Cambridge in 1595 and spent the next four decades in private legal practice, until the outbreak of the First English Civil War in the early 1640s. In 1643 the sole Admiralty Court judge, Richard Zouch, was dismissed from office by Oliver Cromwell on suspicion of being a Royalist sympathiser. Cromwell's Lord High Admiral, Robert Rich, appointed Sammes as "acting Judge" in Zouch's place, and confirmed him as the permanent officeholder in 1644.

Sammes held office until his death in October 1646. He was buried at St Benet's Church, Paul's Wharf.

Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick
Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick (May/June 1587 – 19 April 1658) was an English naval officer, politician, and peer who commanded the Parliamentarian navy during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. A Puritan, he was also lord of the Manor of Hunningham.
Jia (vessel)
A jia is a ritual vessel type found in both pottery and bronze forms; it was used to hold libations of wine for the veneration of ancestors. It was made either with four legs or in the form of a tripod and included two pillar-like protrusions on the rim that were possibly used to suspend the vessel over heat. The earliest evidence of the Jia vessel type appears during the Neolithic Period (c. 5000–2000 BCE). It was a prominent form during the Shang and early Western Zhou dynasties, but had disappeared by the mid-Western Zhou.

Jessica Rawson
Dame Jessica Mary Rawson, DBE, FBA (born 20 January 1943) is an English art historian, curator and sinologist, specialising in Chinese art. She is also an academic administrator.

After many years at the British Museum, she was Warden (head) of Merton College, Oxford, from 1994 until her retirement in 2010. She served as pro-vice-chancellor at University of Oxford from 2006 for a term of five years.
Dakota Township, Adams County, North Dakota
Dakota Township is a defunct civil township in Adams County, North Dakota, United States. The 1960 census recorded a population of 63.

The township dissolved prior to the 1980 Census, when it was combined with Cedar Butte, Jordan, Kansas City and Spring Butte Townships to form the Census-designated East Adams Unorganized Territory. As of the 1990 Census, the combined area had a population of 146.

1980 United States census
The 1980 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11.4% over the 203,184,772 persons enumerated during the 1970 census. It was the first census in which a state—California—recorded a population of 20 million people, as well as the first in which all states recorded populations of over 400,000. This was the first census to count Hispanic and Latino Americans as an ethnicity.
Thermo-hygrograph
A thermo-hygrograph or hygrothermograph is a chart recorder that measures and records both temperature and humidity (or dew point). Similar devices that record only one parameter are a thermograph for temperature and hygrograph for humidity.

Thermographs where the variations are recorded using photography were described by several scientists as early as 1845, including Francis Ronalds who was Honorary Director of the Kew Observatory.  An updated model of the initial machine was deployed across the national observational network set up by the new UK Met Office in 1867 and coordinated by Kew Observatory.    These instruments then saw extended use around the world.

An alternative thermograph configuration has a pen that records temperature on a revolving cylinder. The pen is at the end of a lever that is controlled by a bi-metal strip of temperature-sensitive metal which bends as the temperature changes.  A human hair bundle can be used for humidity in such machines.

King's Observatory
The King's Observatory (called for many years the Kew Observatory) is a Grade I listed building in Richmond, London. Now a private dwelling, it formerly housed an astronomical and terrestrial magnetic observatory founded by King George III.  The architect was Sir William Chambers; his design of the King's Observatory influenced the architecture of two Irish observatories – Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland, and Dunsink Observatory near Dublin.
Cheltenham Music Festival
51°53′24″N 2°04′41″W﻿ / ﻿51.890°N 2.078°W﻿ / 51.890; -2.078
The Cheltenham Music Festival is a British music festival, held annually in Cheltenham in the summer months (June, July) since 1945.  The festival is renowned for premieres of contemporary music – in its early days especially British music – hosting over 250 music premieres as of July 2004. The name was changed to the Cheltenham International Music Festival in 1974, and back to the Cheltenham Music Festival in 2005.

Richard Arnell
Richard Anthony Sayer Arnell (15 September 1917 – 10 April 2009) was an English composer of classical music. Arnell composed in all the established genres for the concert stage, and his list of works includes six completed symphonies and six string quartets. At the Trinity College of Music, he "promoted a pioneering interest in film scores and electronic music" and jazz.
Emergency driver assistant
Emergency Assist is a driver assistance system that monitors driver behavior by observing delays between the use of the accelerator and the brake; once a preset threshold of time has been exceeded the system will take control of the vehicle in order to bring it to a safe stop.

Emergency Assist combines several Level 1 self-driving car technologies, such as Adaptive Cruise Control, Side Assist, Lane Assist, and Park Assist to effectively achieve Level 3 operation, where the vehicle operates automatically when it infers that there is an emergency. Most vehicle manufacturers now offer an Emergency Driver Assistant feature on their more recent, high-end models, taking advantage of the standardization of low-level driver assistance systems in such models. Such manufacturers include Tesla, Inc., Volkswagen, and Audi.

Automatic parking
Automatic parking is an autonomous car-maneuvering system that moves a vehicle from a traffic lane into a parking spot to perform parallel, perpendicular, or angle parking. The automatic parking system aims to enhance the comfort and safety of driving in constrained environments where much attention and experience is required to steer the car. The parking maneuver is achieved by means of coordinated control of the steering angle and speed which takes into account the actual situation in the environment to ensure collision-free motion within the available space.

Multiple car manufacturers have added limited versions of an Automated Valet Parking (AVP) system to their vehicles. The systems allow a car to park itself in certain parking lots or garages, without a driver in the vehicle.
Administrative divisions of China
The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since 1412, due to mainland China's large population and geographical area. In the People's Republic of China, the constitution provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there are five levels of local government; the provincial (province, autonomous region, municipality, and special administrative region), prefecture, county, township, and village.

Since the 17th century, provincial boundaries in mainland China have remained largely static. Major changes since then have been the reorganization of provinces in the northeast after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and the formation of autonomous regions, based on Soviet ethnic policies. The provinces serve an important cultural role in China, as people tend to identify with their native province.

Jiyuan
Jiyuan (simplified Chinese: 济源; traditional Chinese: 濟源; pinyin: Jìyuán) is  a sub-prefecture-level city in northwestern Henan province, People's Republic of China. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Jiaozuo and Luoyang to the east and southwest respectively, as well as the province of Shanxi to the north.
Magno Malta
Magno Malta (born October 16, 1957) is a Brazilian evangelical pastor, religious singer, and politician. He has represented Espírito Santo in the Federal Senate from 2003 to 2019 and was re-elected for a separate term that began in 2023. He is a member of the Liberal Party and is a staunch ally of former president Jair Bolsonaro.

Previously he was city councillor in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, serving as a member of PTB, a State Deputy from Espírito Santo from 1995 to 2003, serving as a member of the MDB, and a Federal Deputy from Espírito Santo from 1999 to 2003, serving as a member of the short-lived Social Labor Party before it merged with the Liberal Party. Since 2007, he has been involved in many scandals including embezzlement, nepotism, bribing and emission of fake bill of goods. Some of these accusations are believed to be the cause of his loss in the 2018 Senate election, placing third.

Cachoeiro de Itapemirim
Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaʃuˈe(j)ɾu dʒi itapemiˈɾĩj]) is a municipality and a major town, located in the south of Espírito Santo, Brazil, on the banks of the Itapemirim River. It is the economic hub of southern Espírito Santo, being the most important producer of marble and granite in Brazil. Home to one of the biggest intercity bus companies, it is a very well-connected city. The population is about 210,000. Location: 138 km south of Vitória.
Podosome
Podosomes are conical, actin-rich structures found as appendages on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of animal cells. Their size ranges from approximately 0.5 μm to 2.0 μm in diameter. While usually situated on the periphery of the cellular membrane, these unique structures display a polarized pattern of distribution in migrating cells, situating at the front border between the lamellipodium and lamellum. Their primary purpose is connected to cellular motility and invasion; therefore, they serve as both sites of attachment and degradation along the extracellular matrix. Many different specialized cells exhibit these dynamic structures such as invadopodia, (invasive cancer cells), osteoclasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and certain immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells.

Endothelium
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries.

These cells have unique functions that include fluid filtration, such as in the glomerulus of the kidney, blood vessel tone, hemostasis, neutrophil recruitment, and hormone trafficking. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers is called endocardium. An impaired function can lead to serious health issues throughout the body.
Thermogenesis
Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in the metabolism of organisms.  It occurs in all warm-blooded animals, and also in a few species of thermogenic plants such as the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum), and the giant water lilies of the genus Victoria. The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum,  disperses its seeds explosively through thermogenesis. Thermoregulation is an important component of a homeothermic animal's resting metabolic rate (RMR) and serves to defend body temperature within narrow limits at low or high ambient temperature.  The energy used to sustain thermogenesis is obtained in cellular respiration when nutrients such as glucose or fatty acids are oxidized to generate molecules of ATP.

Symplocarpus foetidus
Symplocarpus foetidus, commonly known as skunk cabbage or eastern skunk cabbage (also swamp cabbage, clumpfoot cabbage, or meadow cabbage, foetid pothos or polecat weed), is a low-growing plant that grows in wetlands and moist hill slopes of eastern North America. Bruised leaves present an odor reminiscent of skunk.

Symplocarpus combines the Greek word symploce, meaning "connection" and carpos, meaning "fruit", to indicate that the plant has a compound fruit.

Linnaeus gave the plant its species name of foetidus, Latin for "bad-smelling". The plant produces a strong odor, which is repulsive to many but sometimes described as smelling like "fresh cabbage with a slight suggestion of mustard". The odor increases in intensity over time, as the plant matures, likely due to increased ripeness in the plant's stamens.
NJ Transit
New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit or NJTransit and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of the states of New York and Pennsylvania. It operates buses, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to major commercial and employment centers both within the state and in its two adjacent major cities, New York City and Philadelphia. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 225,620,400.

Covering a service area of 5,325 square miles (13,790 km2), NJT is the largest statewide public transit system and the third-largest provider of bus, rail, and light rail transit by ridership in the United States.

NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in the state; in particular, buses to serve routes not served by the transit agency.

North Bergen, New Jersey
North Bergen is a township in the northern part of Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 63,361, an increase of 2,588 (+4.3%) from the 2010 census count of 60,773, which in turn reflected an increase of 2,681 (+4.6%) from the 58,092 counted in the 2000 census. The township was incorporated in 1843. It was much diminished in territory by a series of secessions. Situated on the Hudson Palisades, it is one of the hilliest municipalities in the United States. Like neighboring North Hudson communities, North Bergen is among those places in the nation with the highest population density.
361st Infantry Division
The 361st Infantry Division (German: 361. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Army during the Second World War, active from 1943 to 1945. It was redesignated as a Volksgrenadier division in 1944. It saw active service on the Eastern Front when the Soviets launched Operation Bagration, during which it suffered significant losses. It later fought in France before being absorbed by the 559th Volksgrenadier Division (de) on 10 March 1945.

Gerhard Lindemann
Gerhard Heinrich Lindemann (2 August 1896 – 28 April 1994) was a German general (Generalmajor) in the Wehrmacht during World War II, and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, awarded by Nazi Germany for successful military leadership.

Lindemann surrendered to the Red Army in the course of the Soviet July 1944 Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet union, he was held until 1955.