hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1955 Saar Statute referendum
A referendum on the Saar statute was held in the Saar Protectorate on 23 October 1955. The statute would have made the territory an independent polity under the auspices of a European Commissioner, to be appointed by the Council of Ministers of the Western European Union, while remaining in the economic union with France.

Its rejection by voters was taken as an indication that they would rather reunite with West Germany. On 27 October 1956  France and West Germany concluded the Saar Treaty establishing that Saarland should be allowed to join West Germany as provided by article 23 of its constitution (Grundgesetz). Saarland subsequently became a state of Germany with effect from 1 January 1957.

Economic union
An economic union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a common market with a customs union. The participant countries have both common policies on product regulation, freedom of movement of  goods, services and the factors of production (capital and labour) as well as a common external trade policy.  When an economic union involves unifying currency, it becomes an economic and monetary union.

The purposes for establishing an economic union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries.

Economic union is established through trade pact.
Stefanos Natsinas
Stefanos Natsinas  (Greek: Στέφανος Νάτσινας) (1910–1976) was a former Greek politician.

Born in Constantinople,  he grew up in Thessaloniki, Greece. He was the son of Theodoros Natsinas (Greek: Θεόδωρος Νάτσινας), Inspector General of Middle Education in Greece.

He studied law at the University of Thessaloniki and practiced his profession until 29 October 1961 when he was elected, (while being for the first time candidate), as a Kozani MP of the Greek Parliament for National Radical Union of Konstantinos Karamanlis.

He was elected twice as MP and also served as prefect of Euboea (Greek: Εύβοια),  the second largest of the Greek Aegean Islands and the second largest Greek island overall in area and population, after Crete.

Aegean Islands
The Aegean Islands are the group of islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece to the west and north and Turkey to the east; the island of Crete delimits the sea to the south, those of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kasos to the southeast. The ancient Greek name of the Aegean Sea, Archipelago (ἀρχιπέλαγος, archipelagos), was later applied to the islands it contains and is now used more generally, to refer to any island group.

The vast majority of the Aegean Islands belong to Greece, being split among nine administrative regions. The only sizable possessions of Turkey in the Aegean Sea are Imbros (Gökçeada) and Tenedos (Bozcaada), in the northeastern part of the sea. Various smaller islets off Turkey's western coast are also under Turkish sovereignty.

The islands have hot summers and mild winters, a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Köppen climate classification).
Eleninsky Institute
Petersburg Institute of St. Helena (Russian: Петербургский институт Святой Елены) is a closed women's educational institution of the Russian Empire, part of the department of institutions of Empress Maria, which existed from 1821 to 1918 in St. Petersburg.

Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria
The Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria (Russian: Ведомство учреждений императрицы Марии) was the name of the Imperial government office of charity in Imperial Russia, and the 4th branch of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery between 1828 and 1917.

The office was named after Empress Maria, who united her management of the Moscow Orphanage with that of the orphanage and the Foundling Hospital of St. Petersburg on 2 May 1797. The institutions managed orphanages, care of the invalids, the blind and the deaf, education for women and children, poor houses and hospitals, many of the institutions founded by the Empress.

After Empress Maria's death in 1828, it was incorporated into the Imperial Chancellery of the Tsar and given the name Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria in 1854. In 1880 it was renamed to His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery for Institutions of Empress Mary. The office was abolished in 1917, the year when the Russian Empire ended.
Tue Brook House
Tue Brook House on 695 West Derby Road in Liverpool, England was built in 1615 as a farmhouse. It is now owned by a local family. It is thought to have been originally owned by John Mercer, a yeoman farmer and during the Victorian period was the home and workshop of a Mr. Fletcher, a wheelwright. Some parts of the building contain sections of its original "wattle and daub" construction, which can be seen through glass panels. It also contains a priest hide located in the chimney breast between two of the bedrooms.

It was Grade II* listed in 1952.

Wattle and daub
Wattle and daub is a composite building method in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called "wattle" is "daubed" with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, and straw.  Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and is still an important construction method in many parts of the world. Many historic buildings include wattle and daub construction.
SynSUN
SynSUN (short for Synthesized Sunshine) is a Ukrainian psytrance group consisting of Andrey Vakhnenko and Vitaly Samolyga, known as Andi Vax and Willy, respectively. Since their inception in 1998, SynSUN has released 5 albums, 5 EPs, and 30 miscellaneous tracks, including remixes and collaborations with Infected Mushroom, Astral Projection, Skazi, Yahel, Talamasca, Eskimo and Vibe Tribe, among others.

Joyryde
John Ford (born 24 July 1985), known professionally as  Joyryde (stylized in all caps), is an English DJ and producer. He is the son of John Ford, the founder of the psytrance record label Phantasm Records.
Ōtani University Museum
Ōtani University Museum (大谷大学博物館, Ōtani daigaku hakubutsukan) opened in Kyoto, Japan, in 2003. The Ōtani University collection, which relates in particular to Shin Buddhist culture, includes ten Important Cultural Properties. Among these are the February 1041 (Chōkyū 2) portion of Shunki (春記), the diary of Fujiwara no Sukefusa (藤原資房); the oldest surviving edition of Kukai's Kōya zappitsu-shū; and Jichin Kashō-den, a biography of Jien.

Chōkyū
Chōkyū (長久) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, literally "year name") after Chōryaku and before Kantoku.  This period spanned the years from November 1040 through November 1044. The reigning emperor was Go-Suzaku-tennō (後朱雀天皇).
Rhodri Thomas
Rhodri James Alban Thomas (born 13 March 1942) is a Welsh former first-class cricketer.

Thomas was born at St Dogmaels, Pembrokeshire. He was educated at Radley College, before going up to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against Warwickshire at Oxford in 1963. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1965, making a total of fifteen appearances. He scored a total of 622 runs in his fifteen first-class matches, at an average of 23.92 and with a high score of 135 not out. This score, which was his only first-class century, came against Northamptonshire in a high scoring match in 1963, which also saw Northamptonshire's Roger Prideaux score a double century.

University Parks
The Oxford University Parks, commonly referred to locally as the University Parks, or just The Parks, is a large parkland area slightly northeast of the city centre in Oxford, England.  The park is bounded to the east by the River Cherwell, though a small plot of land called Mesopotamia sits between the upper and lower levels of the river. To the north of the parks are Norham Gardens (with large houses including Gunfield backing onto the park) and Lady Margaret Hall,  to the west the Parks Road, and the Science Area on South Parks Road to the south. The park is open to the public during the day, and has gardens, large sports fields, and exotic plants. It includes a cricket ground used by Oxford University Cricket Club.
The Cockeyed Cowboys of Calico County
The Cockeyed Cowboys of Calico County is a 1970 American comedy Western film by Universal Studios, directed by Anton Leader and Ranald MacDougall, and starring Dan Blocker and Nanette Fabray, with a supporting cast featuring: Jim Backus, Mickey Rooney, Wally Cox, Jack Elam, Noah Beery, Jr., Jack Cassidy and Don "Red" Barry. MacDougal wrote the screenplay. It was originally made as a television film but the decision was made to release it to movie theaters.

The film became Blocker's final role (besides his long-running role as "Hoss Cartwright" on Bonanza) before his death from complications from gall bladder surgery, in May 1972. In late 2010, the Encore Westerns channel began showing this film intermittently on their schedule.

Jim Backus
James Gilmore Backus (February 25, 1913 – July 3, 1989) was an American actor. Among his most famous roles were Thurston Howell III on the 1960s sitcom Gilligan's Island, the father of James Dean's character in Rebel Without a Cause, the voice of the near-sighted cartoon character Mr. Magoo, the rich Hubert Updike III on the radio version of The Alan Young Show, and Joan Davis's character's husband (a domestic court judge) on TV's I Married Joan. He also starred in his own show of one season, The Jim Backus Show, also known as Hot Off the Wire.

An avid golfer, Backus made the 36-hole cut at the 1964 Bing Crosby Pro-Am tournament. He was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.
2015 BFD Energy Challenger
The 2015 BFD Energy Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Rome, Italy between 28 September and 4 October 2015.

BFD Energy Challenger
The BFD Energy Challenger is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Rome, Italy since 2015.
150th Guards Motor Rifle Division
The 150th Guards Motor Rifle Berlin-Idritsa Order of Kutuzov Division (Russian: 150-я гвардейская мотострелковая Идрицко-Берлинская ордена Кутузова дивизия) of the Russian Ground Forces is a motorized rifle division that was re-instituted in 2016. It is part of the 8th Guards Combined Arms Army, which was reformed in 2017, in the Southern Military District.

Its Red Army predecessor fought on the Eastern Front of World War II from 1941 to 1945. It gained fame when its soldiers raised the Soviet flag over the Reichstag on May 2, 1945. The nickname ‘Idritskaya’ was given to the Soviet division on July 23, 1944, by the order № 207 for its heroic battle in the town of Idritsa. The division fought at Schneidemühl and Berlin.

Russian Ground Forces
The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопу́тные войска́ [СВ], romanized: Sukhopútnye Voyská [SV]), also known as the Russian Army in English, are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders and land-based combat operations.
The president of Russia is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces is appointed by the president of Russia. The Main Command of the Ground Forces is based in Moscow.
Mount Weston
Mount Weston (80°28′S 29°10′W﻿ / ﻿80.467°S 29.167°W﻿ / -80.467; -29.167) is the highest peak (1,210 m) of Haskard Highlands, in the west part of the Shackleton Range. It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and named after Flight Sgt. Peter D. Weston, RAF, an aircraft mechanic with the RAF contingent of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1956–58.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Weston". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Flight sergeant
Flight sergeant (commonly abbreviated to Flt Sgt, F/Sgt, FSGT or, currently correctly in the RAF, FS) is a senior non-commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and several other air forces which have adopted all or part of the RAF rank structure.  It is equivalent to a staff sergeant or colour sergeant in the British Army, a colour sergeant in the Royal Marines, and a chief petty officer in the Royal Navy, and has a NATO rank code of OR-7. In the RAF, flight sergeant ranks above chief technician and below warrant officer.
Association for Psychological Therapies
The Association for Psychological Therapies (APT) is a body providing recognition of excellence, training, resources, and accreditation to professionals working in Mental Health and related areas, mainly in the UK's National Health Service and Independent Health providers, but also in Canada and Australia.

Training and development
Training and development involves improving the effectiveness of organizations and the individuals and teams within them. Training may be viewed as being related to immediate changes in effectiveness via organized instruction, while development is related to the progress of longer-term organizational and employee goals. While training and development technically have differing definitions, the terms are often used interchangeably. Training and development have historically been topics within adult education and applied psychology, but have within the last two decades become closely associated with human resources management, talent management, human resources development, instructional design, human factors, and knowledge management.

Skills training has taken on varying organizational forms across industrialized economies. Germany has an elaborate vocational training system, whereas the United States and the United Kingdom are considered to generally have weak ones.
1991 USBL All-Star Game
The 1991 United States Basketball League All-Star Game was the 6th All-Star Game organised by the league since its inception in 1985. It was held at the Glens Falls Civic Center in Glens Falls, New York on June 29, 1991. The hosts Empire State Stallions were defeated by the USBL All-Stars 132–126.

Paul Snoop Graham  of the USBL All-Stars was named the MVP.

Wes Matthews
Wesley Joel Matthews Sr. (born August 24, 1959) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He won two NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. He is the father of former NBA player Wesley Matthews.
John Luce (bishop)
John Luce († 1370) was a 14th-century bishop of Dunkeld. He had been a precentor of Dunkeld before being appointed to the bishopric by Pope Innocent VI on 18 May 1355. John had been elected to the bishopric some months before by the diocese's chapter, but the pope had reserved the see for himself. Thus the pope declared the election null and void, but still appointed John. Soon afterwards John was consecrated by Cardinal Peter de Pratis, bishop of Palestrina. John's episcopate is rather unnotable, and most of his legacy consists of a few charters. He was a witness to the 14-year truce signed between Scotland and England on 20 July 1369.

John probably died early in 1370.

Bishop of Dunkeld
The Bishop of Dunkeld is the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Dunkeld, one of the largest and more important of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics, whose first recorded bishop is an early 12th-century cleric named Cormac. However, the first known abbot dates to the 10th century, and it is often assumed that in Scotland in the period before the 12th century, the roles of both bishop and abbot were one and the same. The Bishopric of Dunkeld ceased to exist as a Catholic institution after the Scottish Reformation but continued as a royal institution into the 17th century. The diocese was restored (with a different boundary) by Pope Leo XIII on 4 March 1878; it is now based in the city of Dundee.
John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
John VI of Anhalt-Zerbst (Zerbst, 24 March 1621 – Zerbst, 4 July 1667), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst.

He was the only son of Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, by his second wife Magdalene, daughter of John VII, Count of Oldenburg.

Zerbst
Zerbst (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛʁpst] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until an administrative reform in 2007, Zerbst was the capital of the former Anhalt-Zerbst district.
Tuscarora Mountain
Tuscarora Mountain is a mountain ridge of the Appalachian Mountains in the Ridge and Valley province in central Pennsylvania. It reaches its highest point on Big Mountain (Pennsylvania) at 2,458 feet (749 m) above sea level. The mountain is named after the Tuscarora people.

The mountain runs from northeast to southwest, extending from the Juniata River at Millerstown in the north to the end of Cove Mountain at Cowans Gap in the south. Part of it forms the border between Fulton and Franklin counties.

Much of Pennsylvania State Game Lands 124 lies on Tuscarora Mountain.

Just north of Cowans Gap, the Pennsylvania Turnpike traverses the ridge through the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel.

Geologically, the mountain is held up by the Tuscarora Formation.

Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel
The Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel is one of four original Pennsylvania Turnpike tunnels still in active use. A second tube was bored in the late 1960s to ease traffic conditions. The tunnel measures 1.1 miles (1.8 km) in length and is the second-longest active tunnel on the turnpike. The 1.3-mile-long (2.1 km) Sideling Hill Tunnel is the longest overall, but was abandoned in 1968. The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel is the longest in active use.  The Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel sits on the Huntingdon/Franklin County line.
Alfred John Ellory
Alfred John Ellory (18 June 1920, Cornwall – 5 July 2009) was a British musician best known for playing flute on several of the James Bond films in the 1960s.

Ellory won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music as a teenager, where he studied with Robert Murchie.

A member of the Philharmonia Orchestra, Ellory provided music for EMI Records, including backing for the original Ealing comedies.

From the 1950s, Ellory turned freelance and provided music for radio and television series, including The Avengers and, later, The Professionals. He also played on the famous Pink Panther soundtracks by Henry Mancini. Other film work he played on included soundtracks for The Guns of Navarone and Where Eagles Dare, as well as for the Beatles on their song The Fool on the Hill.

Ellory was a keen exponent of alto and bass flute, instruments. Ellory played on some of the Bond films' scores during their heyday with Sean Connery in the 1960s.

The Guns of Navarone (film)
The Guns of Navarone is a 1961 epic war film directed by J. Lee Thompson, written and produced by Carl Foreman, and starring Gregory Peck, David Niven and Anthony Quinn, along with Stanley Baker, Anthony Quayle, Irene Papas, Gia Scala, Richard Harris and James Darren. It is an adaptation of Alistair MacLean's 1957 novel. The film follows the efforts of an Allied commando unit to destroy a seemingly impregnable German fortress that threatens Allied naval ships in the Aegean Sea.

A British and American co-production, the film was released by Columbia Pictures on April 28, 1961. It was a widespread critical and commercial success, and was the second top-grossing film of 1961. At the 34th Academy Awards, the film was nominated in six categories including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay; and won for Best Special Effects. Dimitri Tiomkin's score won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.

A sequel film, Force 10 from Navarone, was released in 1978.
Anvil Press Poetry
Anvil Press Poetry was an independent poetry publisher based in Greenwich, south-east London. It was founded in 1968 by the poet and translator Peter Jay. It specialised in contemporary British poets, with a leavening of Irish and American, and in a range of translated poetry, from ancient classics to modern and contemporary work. It stopped publishing in 2015, but its books list is held by Carcanet Press of Manchester.

Peter Levi
Peter Chad Tigar Levi FSA FRSL (16 May 1931, in Ruislip – 1 February 2000, in Frampton-on-Severn) was an English poet, archaeologist, Jesuit priest, travel writer, biographer, academic and prolific reviewer and critic. He was Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford (1984–1989).
Ben Alnwick
Benjamin Robert Alnwick (born 1 January 1987) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Alnwick started his career at Sunderland in 2004, having progressed through the club's youth ranks, but never fully established himself in the first team. He left for Tottenham Hotspur in January 2007, having made 19 league appearances, but never made more than a single league appearance for Tottenham. Instead, he spent several loan spells away from the club, at Luton Town, Leicester City, Carlisle United, Norwich City, Leeds United, Doncaster Rovers and Leyton Orient. He switched permanently to Barnsley in July 2012, and made 12 appearances, but was deemed surplus to requirements in September 2013, and his contract was terminated by mutual consent.

Alnwick has represented England at under-16, under-17, under-18, under-19 and under-21 levels.

England national under-17 football team
The England national under-17 football team, also known as England under-17s or England U17(s), represents England in football at an under-17 age level and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. They are currently coached by Liam Bramley.
Sexuality & Culture
Sexuality & Culture is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering ethical, cultural, psychological, social, and political issues related to sexual relationships and sexual behavior. The journal was established in 1997 by Barry Dank and Roberto Refinetti and published by Transaction Publishers. It is currently published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Roberto Refinetti (Boise State University).

Boise State University
Boise State University (BSU) is a public research university in Boise, Idaho, United States. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934 and has been awarding baccalaureate and master's degrees since 1965. It became a public institution in 1969.

Boise State offers more than 100 graduate programs, including a variety of MBA programs and the MAcc program in the College of Business and Economics; master's and PhD programs in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts & Sciences, and Education; MPA program in the School of Public Service; and the MPH program in the College of Health Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". In the 2024 fiscal year, Boise State reported total research awards exceeding $83 million and research expenditures surpassing $70 million.

The university's intercollegiate athletic teams, the Broncos, compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference.
Queer ecology
Queer ecology (or queer ecologies) is an endeavor to understand nature, biology, and sexuality in the light of queer theory, rejecting the presumptions that heterosexuality and cisgender ideas constitute any objective standard. It draws from science studies, ecofeminism, environmental justice, queer epistemology, and geography. These perspectives break apart various "dualisms" that exist within human understandings of nature and culture.

Eli Clare
Eli Clare (born 1963) is an American writer, activist, educator, and speaker. His work focuses on queer, transgender, and disability issues. Clare was one of the first scholars to popularize the bodymind concept.