hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Tschackert
Paul Tschackert (10 January 1848 – 7 July 1911) was a German Protestant theologian and church historian born in Freystadt, Silesia. He is largely remembered for studies involving the history of the Protestant Reformation.

Tschackert studied history, theology and philosophy at the University of Halle, and in 1873 continued his education at the University of Göttingen. In 1875, he earned his doctorate at the University of Breslau with his thesis on theologian Pierre d'Ailly (1351–1420). In 1877 he became an associate professor at Halle, afterwards serving as a professor at the universities of Königsberg (from 1884) and Göttingen (from 1890).

Tschackert died in Göttingen.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Travis Carter
Travis Aaron Carter (November 21, 1949 – June 10, 2025) was an American car owner and crew chief in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series. He served as crew chief for two decades, winning a championship with Benny Parsons in 1973. Carter was the winning crew chief when Parsons won the 1975 Daytona 500. He owned Travis Carter Motorsports from 1990 to 2003. He was the uncle of NASCAR crew chief Larry Carter, and the father of NASCAR driver Matt Carter.

Carter died on June 10, 2025, at the age of 75.

Pit stop
In motorsports, a pit stop is a pause for refuelling, new tyres, repairs, mechanical adjustments, a driver change, as a penalty, or any combination of the above. These stops occur in an area called the pits, most commonly accessed via a pit lane which runs parallel to the start/finish straightaway of the track and is connected to it at each end. Along this lane is a row of garages (typically one per team or car) outside which the work is done in a pit box. Pit stop work is carried out by the pit crew of up to twenty mechanics, depending on the series regulations, while the driver often waits in the vehicle (except where a driver change is involved or in motorbike racing).

The term is also used generically to describe a short break in a journey.
Athis palatinus
Athis palatinus is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil (including Trinidad, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Ecuador and southern Colombia).

Adults have been observed feeding at flowers of Warszewiczia coccinea.

Warszewiczia coccinea
Warszewiczia coccinea (or chaconia, wild poinsettia,  pastora del monte  and pride of Trinidad and Tobago) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native in the south of Central America from Nicaragua southward, the southern West Indies, and southward through northern South America to Bolivia and central Brazil. It is the national flower of Trinidad and Tobago.

This evergreen shrub or small tree grows to 6 metres tall, with leaves up to 60 cm long and 30 cm broad. It is remarkable for its inflorescence, a verticillaster up to 50 cm long with up to a dozen clusters with bright red bracts (up to 7 by 5 cm) and small flowers with inconspicuous yellow petals.

Its habitat is lowland, forests and second growth. Its optimum altitude is from sea level to 500 m altitude. It is rarely found in areas above 500 m.
Ola Calmeyer
Ola Mathias Calmeyer (14 April 1930 - 5 June 2003) was a Norwegian jazz pianist.  He was the brother of the actor Joachim Calmeyer and the author Bengt Calmeyer, and known from a number of collaborations and album releases.

Bjarne Nerem
Bjarne Arnulf Nerem (31 July 1923 – 1 April 1991) was a Norwegian jazz musician (tenor saxophone, alto saxophone and clarinet) among the foremost soloists in Norwegian jazz. He was in the tradition of Lester Young, Stan Getz. Nerem achieved international recognition for his performances.
1884 East Coast by-election
The 1884 East Coast by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1884 in the East Coast electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Allan McDonald.

He was replaced by Samuel Locke. A show of hands had preferred Rees, who said he was opposed by the government.

Rees subsequently accused Locke of "corrupt practices" during the by-election. Michael Gannon decided to stand for the Bay of Islands in the 1884 election (general election) held on 22 July, and came second.

Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)
Bay of Islands is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It existed during various periods between 1853 and 1993. It was thus one of the original 24 electoral districts, and New Zealand's first ever MP was elected, although unopposed, in the Bay of Islands; Hugh Carleton thus liked to be called the Father of the House.
Wilfred C. Menard Jr.
Maj. Gen. Wilfred Charles Menard Jr. (November 10, 1918 – February 20, 2012) (ARNG) was the twenty-sixth Adjutant General of New Jersey. Commissioned a US Army 2nd lieutenant in 1942, he served actively with the Army during the Second World War rising to the rank of US Army captain. He continued to serve thereafter as a reserve officer in the New Jersey Army National Guard, which he commanded from 1974 to 1982. A graduate of the United States Army Field Artillery School, the United States Army Tank Destroyer School, and the United States Army War College, Menard was an experienced artillery officer. During his service with the Guard, he was briefly reactivated at the rank of Lieutenant Colonel for the Berlin Crisis of 1961. Born in Trenton, NJ, Maj. Gen. Menard was a lifelong resident of central New Jersey. His many military awards and decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) and the Legion of Merit.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
1977 IPSC Handgun World Shoot
The 1977 IPSC Handgun World Shoot III was held in Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) at the end of August, and was the third IPSC Handgun World Shoot, and was won by Dave Westerhout in front of his Rhodesian teammate and second-place winner Peter Maunder by 116.403 points and third-place winner Raul Walters of United States with further 41.741 points.

After the World Shoot, Westerhout was also honoured as the Rhodesian Sportsman of the Year for 1977 and was awarded the John Hopley Memorial Trophy.

Up till 1977 the World Shoots had been held once a year, but subsequent championships were to be held once every two years.

Ray Chapman (marksman)
Ray Chapman was an American sport shooter and firearms instructor who was central to the development of practical shooting. He was one of the founders of the International Practical Shooting Confederation at the 1976 Columbia Conference. He won the first IPSC Handgun World Shoot in 1975 and took silver behind Jan Foss from Norway in the second World Shoot in 1976. He continued to compete until 1979 when he retired from competition.

In his mid-teens Chapman served in the United States Marine Corps at the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II after lying about his age to enlist. After the war, he worked as a policeman before he became an engineer for the California Highway Department. In the 1950s, he was one of the pioneers of the Southwest Pistol League with Jeff Cooper.

In February 2008 Ray died peacefully at age 79 in a Texas hospital.
Kenneth Gibson (cricketer)
Sir Kenneth Lloyd Gibson, 2nd Baronet (11 May 1888 – 14 May 1967) was an English cricketer who played for Essex from 1909 to 1912.

Gibson was born in Kensington, London, and educated at Eton College. He appeared in 42 first-class matches as a right-handed batsman and wicketkeeper. He scored 959 runs and took 62 catches and 11 stumpings. His fullest season was 1911, when in 20 matches he scored 533 runs at an average of 19.74 and took 35 catches and 6 stumpings. He made his highest score of 75 that season against Surrey.

He was the second Gibson baronet of Great Warley, a title he inherited on the death of his father, Sir Herbert Gibson, the first baronet (1851–1932). He married Mary Edith Elwes in February 1914; they had two daughters. While serving with the Dragoon Guards in World War I he was mentioned in dispatches. He was Clerk of the Course at Sandown Park Racecourse in the 1950s.

Sandown Park Racecourse
Sandown Park is a horse racing course and leisure venue in Esher, Surrey, England, located in the outer suburbs of London. It hosts 5 Grade One National Hunt races and one Group 1 flat race, the Eclipse Stakes. It regularly has horse racing during afternoons, evenings and on weekends, and also hosts many non-racing events such as trade shows, wedding fairs, toy fairs, car shows and auctions, property shows, concerts, and even some private events. It was requisitioned by the War Department from 1940 to 1945 for World War II.

The venue has hosted bands such as UB40, Madness, Girls Aloud, Spandau Ballet and Simply Red. The racecourse is close to Esher railway station, served by trains from London Waterloo. There is a secondary exit from Esher station which is open on race days, this exit leads directly into the racecourse and Lower Green, Esher.
Brasileodactylus
Brasileodactylus is an extinct genus of anhanguerian pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian age) lower Santana Formation of Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, Brazil.

The genus was named by paleontologist Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner in 1984. The genus name means 'pterosaur (literally, [wing] "finger") from Brazil'. The type species is Brasileodactylus araripensis. The specific name refers to the Araripe Plateau. The holotype, MN 4804-V, is the front part of a mandible.

Later remains referred to Brasileodactylus include SMNS 55414, a mandible, and MN 4797–V, the front of a snout and mandible. More complete fossils are BSP 1991 I 27, a fragmentary skeleton, and AMNH 24444, a 429 mm (16.9 in) long skull, with mandible and proximal left wing. The last two specimens have been assigned to a Brasileodactylus sp. indet. by André Jacques Veldmeijer. However, some of the more complete specimens may belong to other pterosaurs, such as Barbosania.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Czachowski
Czachowski (feminine: Czachowska) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dionizy Czachowski (1810–1863), Polish general

Kazimierz Czachowski (1890–1948), Polish literary critic and historian

Ludwik Czachowski, Polish ice hockey player

Piotr Czachowski (born 1966), Polish footballer

Kazimierz Czachowski
Kazimierz Czachowski or Kazimierz Stanisław Czachowski (Łyszkowice near Łowicz, November 28, 1890 – August 17, 1948, Kraków) was a Polish literary critic and historian, active predominantly in the Second Polish Republic.

He was awarded the Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature in 1937 for his monographs about world-renowned authors such as Henryk Sienkiewicz, Marcel Proust, Thomas Mann, John Galsworthy and others. He translated into Polish The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1928). He wrote under several different pen names including Dionizy, Adam Korabski and Ludowiec, and specialized in the literature of Polish positivism and modernism. Soon before his death in 1948 he got entangled in the workings of pro-communist Polish Writers' Union created in 1944 behind the Soviet front line, and served as its president in 1946–1947. He died in Kraków a year later.
Leverett Hubbard
Leverett Hubbard (December 15, 1723 – January 2, 1793) was a justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1776 to 1785.

Born in Rhode Island, Hubbard was a son of Judge Nathaniel Hubbard of the superior court of Massachusetts. Rev. William Hubbard, the historian, and Governor John Leverett were among his ancestors.

Hubbard graduated from Harvard University in 1742, and then studied law in Rhode Island. He moved to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, about 1760, to practice his profession, and in 1762 was made comptroller of the customs, and in 1763 a judge of the New Hampshire Superior Court. He served until 1784, when the state constitution was revised and he was not re-appointed. He died in Portsmouth at the age of 69. In 1784 he was not reappointed, but was left in somewhat straitened circumstances. Some time before his death his mental powers became weakened.

He married, December 6, 1769, Anne, daughter of George Jaffrey and widow of Nathaniel Pierce, and left no descendants.

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was an English colony on the eastern coast of North America, founded in 1636 by Puritan minister Roger Williams, at a settlement he originally called Providence Plantations, after his exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Joined by three other settlements soon founded on Narragansett Bay, the colony became a haven for religious dissenters and was known for its commitment to religious freedom and self-governance.

The four Narragansett Bay settlements created an official confederacy through a charter under the Patent of 1643–1644, granted by the English Parliament. It received a more comprehensive Royal Charter in 1663 from King Charles II, which established its government and guaranteed its religious liberties. Rhode Island continued as a self-governing colony until 1776, when it declared independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution, becoming the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Major roads in the Mid West region of Western Australia
Main Roads Western Australia controls the major roads in the state's Mid West region. There are four main highways through the Mid West: The north–south coastal route of Brand Highway and North West Coastal Highway, the inland alternative Great Northern Highway, and the northern section of Goldfields Highway, which links Meekatharra with Kalgoorlie. A network of main roads connects towns within the Mid West to each other, the highways, and neighbouring regions, with local roads providing additional links and access to smaller townsites. Roads are often named after the towns they connect.

Freight vehicles, servicing the mining and agricultural industries, make up a significant proportion of the traffic using the Mid West road network. Tourist traffic primarily focuses on the coastal routes, which connect visitors to Dongara, Geraldton, Northampton and Kalbarri, and nearby tourist attractions.

Mount Magnet, Western Australia
Mount Magnet is a town in the Mid West region of Western Australia. It is one of the region's original gold mining towns, and the longest surviving gold mining settlement in the state. The prominent hill that is adjacent to the current townsite was called West Mount Magnet in 1854 by explorer Robert Austin, having named a smaller hill 64 km away, East Mount Magnet (now called Carron Hill). Both hills had an extremely high iron content which affected the readings of his compass. West Mount Magnet had its Aboriginal name reinstated by the Surveyor General in 1972,  "Warramboo", meaning campfire camping place.  The magnetic variation at Mount Magnet is zero: magnetic north equals true north.
Fade Up
Fade Up is the debut single by French producer Zeg P. It features Belgian rapper Hamza and French rapper SCH. It peaked at number one in the French Singles Chart where it stayed for three non-consecutives weeks.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
Purple ruffles basil
Purple ruffles basil is a cultivar of Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil). The dark purple leaves are used in pesto or as a garnish. This attractive basil variety has won multiple awards for its beauty, flavor and ease of cultivation, including the Mississippi Medallion and All-American Selection awards.
This variety of purple leaf basil is characterized by its deep ruffles and decorative serrated leaf margins.

Garnish (cooking)
A garnish is an item or substance used as a decoration or embellishment accompanying a prepared food dish or drink. In many cases, it may give added or contrasting flavor.  Some garnishes are selected mainly to augment the visual impact of the plate, while others are selected specifically for the flavor they may impart. This is in contrast to a condiment, a prepared sauce added to another food item primarily for its flavor. A food item which is served with garnish may be described as being garni, the French term for "garnished."

The difference between garnish and decoration, is garnish is edible.  For example, plastic grass for sushi presentation is considered a decoration, not a garnish.
Medecin
Médecin or Médécin (French for physician) is the surname of:

Edmond Médécin (1898–1951), Monegasque sprinter

Jacques Médecin (1928–1998), French politician, son of Jean Médecin

Jean Médecin (1890–1965), French lawyer and politician

Julien Médécin (1894–1986), Monegasque architect

Jean Médecin
Jean Médecin (2 December 1890 – 18 November 1965) was a French lawyer and politician. He was Mayor of Nice, France from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and the father of Jacques Médecin, who succeeded him as mayor until 1990.
Riverbanks Zoo
The Riverbanks Zoo and Garden is a 170-acre (69 ha) zoo, aquarium, and botanical garden located along the Saluda River in Columbia, South Carolina, United States.  A small portion of the zoo extends into the nearby city of West Columbia.  It is operated by the Rich-Lex Riverbanks Park Special Purpose District, a partnership of the city of Columbia and Richland and Lexington counties.  It is overseen by the Riverbanks Park Commission, comprising two members each from the three governments and one at-large member.

Riverbanks Zoo and Garden is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).

Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), originally the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA), is an American 501(c)(3)
nonprofit organization founded in 1924 and dedicated to the advancement of zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation. AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, and accredits zoos. There were 238 accredited zoos and aquariums as of 2025, primarily in the US, with a handful in twelve other countries; additionally, the AZA network contains 14 accredited related facilities.
Nicolás Torres (footballer, born 1983)
Nicolás Emanuel Torres (born 10 October 1983 in Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Mexican club Atlante in the Primera División de Mexico.

Torres started his career with local team Club Gimnasia y Esgrima (Concepción del Uruguay). In 2004, he joined Club Atlético Tigre and helped the team win promotion from the 3rd division to the Argentine Primera.

In 2008 Torres joined Colón de Santa Fe of the Argentine Primera.

Gimnasia y Esgrima de Concepción del Uruguay
Club Gimnasia y Esgrima de Concepción del Uruguay is an Argentine football club from the city of Concepción del Uruguay in Entre Ríos Province. The team currently plays in Torneo Argentino A, the regionalised third division of the Argentine football league system.

Gimnasia y Esgrima has played a single season at national level, competing in Primera B Nacional in 1996–97, but was soon relegated with the 2nd worst points average of the teams from the Interior.
Una H. Moehrke
Una Helga Moehrke (born July 7 1953 in Hanover) is a German visual artist specializing in painting, drawing, performance art and experimental text. She was a Professor for Art and Art Mediation at Burg Giebichenstein University of Art and Design in Halle from 1994 to 2018.

Experimental literature
Experimental literature is a genre of literature that is generally "difficult to define with any sort of precision." It experiments with the conventions of literature, including boundaries of genres and styles; for example, it can be written in the form of prose narratives or poetry, but the text may be set on the page in differing configurations than that of normal prose paragraphs or in the classical stanza form of verse. It may also incorporate art or photography. Furthermore, while experimental literature was traditionally handwritten, the digital age has seen an exponential use of writing experimental works with word processors.
University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine
41°43′51″N 72°47′25″W﻿ / ﻿41.7308°N 72.7903°W﻿ / 41.7308; -72.7903

University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine is a school of dentistry located at the UConn Health Center in Farmington, Connecticut, United States. The school is often placed highly in national rankings, and was ranked #1 by the National Board Dental Examiners in 2001 based on the board scores of students. During the 2013-2014 application year, approximately 1,300 applications were received. Of these, 160 were interviewed and offers were eventually made to approximately 80, for an acceptance rate of around 6%.

Farmington, Connecticut
Farmington  is a town in Hartford County in the Farmington Valley area of central Connecticut in the United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 26,712 at the 2020 census. It sits 10 miles west of Hartford at the hub of major I-84 interchanges, 25 miles south of Bradley International Airport and two hours by car from New York City and Boston. It has been home to the world headquarters of several large corporations including Otis Elevator Company, United Technologies, and Carvel. The northwestern section of Farmington is a suburban neighborhood called Unionville.