hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karla Jessen Williamson
Karla Jessen Williamson (born 1954 in Appamiut, Maniitsoq, Greenland, Kingdom of Denmark) is an assistant professor of educational foundations at the University of Saskatchewan. Formerly, she was the executive director of the Arctic Institute of North America (AINA), the first woman and first Inuk to hold the position. Fluent in Danish, English, and Greenlandic, she is an educator and researcher on cross-culturalism, multiculturalism, antiracism, and Aboriginal epistemology.

Anti-racism
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to create equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include the Black Lives Matter movement and workplace anti-racism.
Psychology of film
The psychology of film is a sub-field of the psychology of art that studies the characteristics of film and its production in relation to perception, cognition, narrative understanding, and emotion. A growing number of psychological scientists and brain scientists have begun conducting empirical studies that describe the cognitive and biological underpinnings of motion pictures or what has been called psychocinematics. Early theoretical approaches included works by psychologists Hugo Münsterberg and Rudolf Arnheim. Cognitive film theorists David Bordwell and Noël Carroll fostered its philosophical underpinnings.

Noël Carroll
Noel Carroll (born December 25, 1947, in Far Rockaway, New York City) is an American philosopher and a leading figure in the contemporary philosophy of art. In 2016 in Leiter Reports: A Philosophy Blog, he was ranked sixth in a list of the Best Anglophone Philosophers of Art post-1945.

He also works in the philosophies of particular artforms, including literature, painting, theater, dance and, most notably, cinema and television where he is a prominent proponent of cognitive theories of the moving image. In addition, he has contributed to the theory of media, the philosophy of history, and the philosophy of the emotions. Carroll has worked as a journalist, and has written five documentaries. Since 2007, he has held the position of distinguished professor in the philosophy program at the CUNY Graduate Center.
Srinivasa Prasad
Venkataiah Srinivasa Prasad (6 August 1947 – 29 April 2024) was an Indian politician from the state of Karnataka, who was recognised as an important Dalit leader in the old Mysore region. He served as a union minister from 1999 to 2004 as part of the Third Vajpayee ministry, and later as Minister of Revenue in the Government of Karnataka from 2013 to 2016. Prasad was elected to the Lok Sabha from Chamarajanagar six times starting 1980. His last win came from the same constituency in 2019, before he announced his retirement from electoral politics in 2021.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral fold of the hallux
Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral fold of the hallux is a rare cutaneous condition of unknown pathology that present to newborns. The 
condition was "first described by Martinet et al. in 1984." This sometimes painful condition involves "an overgrowth of the soft tissue" that can partially cover the nail plate. The condition usually effects both extremities and the condition can later reverse spontaneously.

Soft tissue
Soft tissue connects and surrounds or supports internal organs and bones, and includes muscle, tendons, ligaments, fat, fibrous tissue, lymph and blood vessels, fasciae, and synovial membranes. Soft tissue is tissue in the body that is not hardened by the processes of ossification or calcification such as bones and teeth.

It is sometimes defined by what it is not – such as "nonepithelial, extraskeletal mesenchyme exclusive of the reticuloendothelial system and glia".
Ginn Tribute Hosted by Annika
The Ginn Tribute hosted by Annika was a women's professional golf tournament on the LPGA Tour. Hosted by Hall of Fame golfer Annika Sörenstam, the event was played in 2007 and 2008 at RiverTowne Country Club in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.

With a purse of $2.6 million, it was one of the highest on the LPGA Tour at the time. The tournament was owned and sponsored by Bobby Ginn, a developer of golf and McDonald resort communities in the United States. Ginn also sponsored the Ginn Open on the LPGA Tour. The tournament was televised by Golf Channel and NBC in 2007 and 2008.

MB2 Motorsports
MB2 Motorsports was a NASCAR Cup Series team based in Mooresville, North Carolina, near the sport's hub in Charlotte. The team was founded by Read Morton, Tom Beard, and Nelson Bowers, from which the original team name derived. Bowers was the longest tenured of the original owners, and the listed owner of the teams' entries when resort and real-estate developer Bobby Ginn bought out the team (with his family having 80% ownership; longtime team director Jay Frye owned the remaining 20% of the rebranded team) in 2007, renaming it to Ginn Racing for that season only. The Valvoline corporation co-owned the No. 10 (later the No. 14) car with the principal owners from 2001 to 2005 as MBV Motorsports, while the No. 36 entry (later the No. 13) was co-owned by Centrix Financial, LLC owner Robert Sutton as MB Sutton Motorsports in 2005.

Throughout the existence of the team in both MB2 Motorsports and Ginn Racing iterations, the organization ran General Motors brands.
Sven Magnus Aurivillius
Sven Magnus Aurivillius (12 August 1892 in Stockholm – 4 March 1928 in Mörby), was a  Swedish zoologist.

He was the director of the centre for marine zoology in Kristineberg in 1923, but left prematurely, just before the publishing of his thesis on Japanese sea fans. He was the eighth generation of his family to be a doctor at the University of Uppsala. His father was the entomologist Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius (1853–1928), and his uncle was the zoologist Carl Wilhelm Samuel Aurivillius (1854–1899).

Kungsholmen (borough)
Kungsholmen (King's Islet) is a borough (stadsdelsområde) in central Stockholm, Sweden. It is named after the dominating district and island in the borough. 
Except Kungsholmen (proper) there are six districts in the borough: Fredhäll, Kristineberg, Lilla Essingen, Marieberg, Stadshagen and Stora Essingen. It is also equivalent to the parishes of Kungsholm, Sankt Göran and Essinge. The population as of 2004 is 54,283, of which 28,614 are female and 25,669 are male, on an area of 4.85 km², which gives a density of 10,977.73 per km².
Set identification
In statistics and econometrics, set identification (or partial identification) extends the concept of identifiability (or "point identification") in statistical models to environments where the model and the distribution of observable variables are not sufficient to determine a unique value for the model parameters, but instead constrain the parameters to lie in a strict subset of the parameter space. Statistical models that are set (or partially) identified arise in a variety of settings in economics, including game theory and the Rubin causal model. Unlike approaches that deliver point-identification of the model parameters, methods from the literature on partial identification are used to obtain set estimates that are valid under weaker modelling assumptions.

Rubin causal model
The Rubin causal model (RCM), also known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model, is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes, named after Donald Rubin. The name "Rubin causal model" was first coined by Paul W. Holland. The potential outcomes framework was first proposed by Jerzy Neyman in his 1923 Master's thesis, though he discussed it only in the context of completely randomized experiments.  Rubin extended it into a general framework for thinking about causation in both observational and experimental studies.
House of Mecklenburg
The House of Mecklenburg, also known as the Nikloting dynasty, is a North German family of Polabian origin that ruled until 1918 in the Mecklenburg region, being among the longest-ruling families of Europe. Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909–2004), former Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980), was an agnatic member of this house.

Northern Germany
Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland, [ˈnɔʁtdɔɪ̯tʃlant] ⓘ) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen. It contrasts with Southern Germany, Western Germany, and Eastern Germany.
Hellinsia osteodactyla
Hellinsia osteodactyla is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in most of Europe (except the Benelux, Iceland, Ireland and Greece), as well as North Africa and from Asia Minor to Japan. Also known as the small golden-rod plume it was first described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1841.

The wingspan is 16–23 millimetres (0.63–0.91 in). Adults are on wing at dusk in July and come to light.

The larvae feed on the flowers and seed-heads of European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea), Senecio nemorensis, silver ragwort (Senecio bicolour) and goldilocks aster (Aster linosyris).

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Chtouka
Chtouka is a small town and rural commune in El Jadida Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 29,939 people living in 4,541 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Mala Karnachivka
Mala Karnachivka (Ukrainian: Мала Карначівка) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Lanivtsi urban hromada. After the liquidation of the Lanivtsi Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Kremenets Raion
Kremenets Raion (Ukrainian: Кременецький район) is a raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Kremenets. Population: 140,063 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Kremenets Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Lanivtsi and Shumsk Raions, as well as a part of one more abolished raion, Zbarazh Raion, and the city of Kremenets, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Kremenets Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,884 (2020 est.).
2010 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup
The 2010 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup was the 26th edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from April 7–17, 2010, at the Palais des Sports de Ouagadougou in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, contested by 8 teams and won by Atlético Petróleos de Luanda of Angola.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Project Runway Malaysia season 2
Season 2 of Project Runway Malaysia featured 15 fashion designers from Malaysia competing to be the best designer.

The judges for the first season were Bernie Chan, Datuk Bernard Chandran, Asiah Mion (editor EH! Magazine), Seema Visamanathan (editor Female Magazine), Wirda Adnan (Chief Editor, Glam Magazine) and Aster Lim (Managing Editor, Female, Marie Claire, Men's Health and Seventeen magazines). There are also guest judges through the season.

Bernard Chandran
Dato Sri' Bernard Chandran (Tamil: பெர்னார்ட் சந்திரன்; born 27 February 1968) is a Malaysian fashion designer and television personality of Indian and Chinese origin, best known for modernising Malay traditional dress and presenting his work internationally. He founded the Bernard Chandran label in 1993, won the Open European Contest for Look of the Year and the Silk Cut Young Designers Award in 1991, and has been conferred Malaysian honourifics including Dato' (DIMP) and Dato' Sri (SSAP). He is often referred to as Malaysia's 'King of Fashion' and has been profiled by Tatler Asia, Harper's Bazaar Malaysia, Prestige, Options The Edge, and Vogue UK. He gained recognition as the chief designer on the reality television show Project Runway Malaysia, which premiered on 8TV on August 3, 2007. Additionally, Chandran appeared as a guest judge on Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 6, Episode 12, in which the top three models walked in his fashion show during London Fashion Week.
William Woodward (rower)
William Winslow Woodward (14 October 1920 – 18 January 1987) was an Australian surgeon. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. After his Olympic appearance, he became Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and worked as a surgeon in Tasmania.

Rowing at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London took place at Henley-on-Thames, London. It was held from 5 to 9 August. There were 16 boats (80 competitors) from 16 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by the United States, the nation's first victory in the men's coxed four. Switzerland earned silver, the nation's fifth medal in the event in six Games (having missed the podium only in 1932, when no Swiss team competed). Denmark took its first medal in the men's coxed four since 1912, with bronze.
Handbook of Australian Soils
The Handbook of Australian Soils is a soil classification system developed for Australian soils. The first edition was published in 1968 and is based on the great soil group classification system published by J. A. Prescott in 1931. It has since been superseded by the Australian Soil Classification.

Soil classification
Soil classification deals with the systematic categorization of soils based on distinguishing characteristics as well as criteria that dictate choices in use. Soil Classification is used in a variety of disciplines such as soil science, engineering, and environmental management, to elevate soil properties and determine the appropriate land use. Classification systems group soils according to measurable characteristics such as texture, structure, mineral composition, and the formation process. These new frameworks are designed to support research and help with infrastructure planning. Some of these major systems include soil taxonomy developed by the United States Department of Agriculture as well as engineering-based systems used to assess soil stability and performance. Educational resources from institutions such as the University of Idaho emphasize that these systems provide standardized methods for comparing soils across regions and applications.
Naneun Ggomsuda
Naneun Ggomsuda (Korean: 나는 꼼수다), also known as Naggomsu (나꼼수) or in English as I'm a weasel is a popular South Korean political podcast under the internet newspaper, Ddanzi Ilbo. Naneun Ggomsuda is famous for lampooning the South Korean president, Lee Myung-bak. The hosts of Naneun Ggomsuda humorously call Lee Myung-bak as His Excellency or Gaka (각하) in Korean as a sarcastic title. They have also made a satire song (based on a Christian hymn, Nearer, My God, to Thee) about Lee's disputes on his Naegok-dong property purchase. Kim Ou-joon (김어준) was the original creator of Naneun Ggomsuda and currently runs Papa is (파파이스) and News factory.

Nearer, My God, to Thee
"Nearer, My God, to Thee" is a 19th-century Christian hymn by Sarah Flower Adams, which retells the story of Jacob's dream. Genesis 28:11–12 can be translated as follows: "So he came to a certain place and stayed there all night because the sun had set. And he took one of the stones of that place and put it at his head, and he lay down in that place to sleep. Then he dreamed, and behold, a ladder was set up on the earth, and its top reached to heaven; and there the angels of God were ascending and descending on it..."

The hymn is well known, among other uses, as the alleged last song the band on RMS Titanic played before the ship sank and as the song sung by the crew and passengers of the SS Valencia as it sank off the Canadian coast in 1906.
Rank–nullity theorem
The rank–nullity theorem is a theorem in linear algebra, which asserts:

the number of columns of a matrix M is the sum of the rank of M and the nullity of M; and

the dimension of the domain of a linear transformation f is the sum of the rank of f (the dimension of the image of f) and the nullity of f (the dimension of the kernel of f).

It follows that for linear transformations of vector spaces of equal finite dimension, either injectivity or surjectivity implies bijectivity.

Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
Karuvelam Pookkal
Karuvelam Pookkal (transl. Oak flowers) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by Poomani. It was jointly produced by National Film Development Corporation of India, and Doordarshan. The film stars Nasser, Radhika, Thalaivasal Vijay and Charle among others. The film's music is composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

Doordarshan
Doordarshan (lit. 'distant vision, television'), abbreviated as DD, is India's state-owned public television broadcaster. Established by the Government of India on 15 September 1959, it is owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and constitutes one of Prasar Bharati's two divisions. Doordarshan, one of India's largest broadcasting organisations in studio and transmitter infrastructure, delivers television, radio, online, and mobile services across metropolitan and regional India, and internationally. It also broadcasts via digital terrestrial transmitters.
Spuriomitella
Spuriomitella integripetala is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family, Saxifragaceae. It is the sole species in genus Spuriomitella. It is a perennial or rhizomataceous geophyte native to northern Japan, where it grows in southern Hokkaido and northern Honshu.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Prionosciadium watsonii
Prionosciadium watsonii is a plant species known from the Mexican states of Durango and Sinaloa.

Prionosciadium watsonii is a biennial herb with a large taproot. Leaves are compound with narrowly lanceolate, some of the leaflets with narrowly lanceolate lobes. Flowers are borne in umbels on the tips of branches.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.
Polyplax spinulosa
Polyplax spinulosa is a sucking louse (Anoplura) from the genus Polyplax. It occurs worldwide and commonly infects its type host, the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), and related species like the black rat (Rattus rattus), Rattus pyctoris, Rattus nitidus, Rattus argentiventer, Rattus tanezumi, Rattus exulans, and Bandicota indica. It is also occasionally found in other rodents, such as the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) in North America.

Tanezumi rat
The tanezumi rat (Rattus tanezumi), also known as the Asian rat or Asian house rat, yellow-breasted or buff-breasted rat (Rattus flavipectus), is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.  It is closely related to the black rat (Rattus rattus).  It is widespread in eastern, southern and south-eastern Asia, being found in Bangladesh, Bhutan,  Cambodia, China, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.