hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrea Limbacher
Andrea Limbacher (born 25 July 1989) is an Austrian freestyle skier, specializing in ski cross.

Limbacher competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics for Austria. She placed 23rd in the qualifying round in ski cross to advance to the knockout stages. She did not finish her first round heat, failing to advance.

As of April 2013, her only finish at the World Championships finishing 23rd, in 2011.

Limbacher made her World Cup debut in December 2009. As of April 2013, she has two World Cup victories, the first coming at Bischofswiesen in 2011/12. Her best World Cup overall finish in ski cross is 5th, in 2011/12.

Ski cross
Ski cross is a skiing competition which incorporates terrain features traditionally found in freestyle skiing with courses which include big-air jumps and high-banked turns. In spite of the fact that it is a timed racing event, it is often considered a type of freestyle skiing. What sets ski cross apart from other alpine skiing disciplines is that it involves more than one skier racing down the course. Any intentional contact with other competitors like grabbing or any other forms of contact meant to give the competitor an advantage leads to disqualification.

Ski cross is a part of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, the world championship organized by the FIS for freestyle skiing. First organized in 1986, the world championship is now held every odd year. In 2010 the sport debuted as a part of the Winter Olympic Games and has been contested ever since. It was a part of the Winter X Games until 2012.
American National Standards Institute Nanotechnology Panel
The American National Standards Institute–Nanotechnology Standards Panel (ANSI-NSP) enables stakeholders in nanotechnology to work together to coordinate the development of voluntary standards. Such standards include terminology and materials properties and measurement procedures to facilitate commercialization of applications and uses of nanotechnology.

Quality control
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".

This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):

Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records

Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications

Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships.

Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example.
Gravity Stairs
Gravity Stairs is the eighth studio album by New Zealand-Australian rock band Crowded House, released on 31 May 2024 through Lester Records and BMG Rights Management. It was preceded by the release of the lead single "Oh Hi" on 8 February 2024. The album received favourable reviews from critics.

At the 2024 ARIA Music Awards, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album and Crowded House & Steven Schram were nominated for Best Produced Release.

At the AIR Awards of 2025, Steven Schram received a nomination in the field of Independent Mix, Studio or Mastering Engineer of the Year for work on this album.

AIR Awards of 2025
The 2025 AIR Awards was the nineteenth annual Australian Independent Record Labels Association Music Awards ceremony (generally known as the AIR Awards), and took place on 31 July 2025 in Adelaide. The 2025 AIR Awards introduced a new category; the Independent Mix, Studio or Mastering Engineer of the Year.

Nominations opened up to AIR members on 4 February and closed on 10 March 2025. The nominations were revealed on 13 May 2025.
W. Howard Chase
W. Howard Chase (1910 – September 8, 2003) was the founding member of the Public Relations Society of America, was recognized as No. 9 in the top 10 most influential PR professionals of all time according to a University of Michigan Study in 1970. Born 1910, Chase was noted for being "extremely effective in directing attention to chancing trends".  Chase wrote Issue Management: Origins of the Future in 1983.  Chase was the director of public relations at General Foods, and then moved to Minneapolis and worked at General Mills from 1941 to 1945. He helped to start the Public Relations Society of America in 1947.

General Foods
General Foods Corporation was a company whose direct predecessor was established in the United States by Charles William (C. W.) Post as the Postum Cereal Company in 1895.

The company changed its name to "General Foods" in 1929 following several corporate acquisitions by Marjorie Merriweather Post after she inherited the established cereal business from her father, C. W. Post. In November 1985, General Foods was acquired by Philip Morris Companies (now Altria) for $5.6 billion, the largest non-oil acquisition at the time. In December 1988, Philip Morris acquired Kraft Foods Inc., and, in 1990, combined the two food companies as Kraft General Foods. The "General Foods" name was dropped in 1995 with the corporate name being reverted to Kraft Foods; a line of caffeinated hot beverage mixes continued to carry the General Foods International name until 2010.
Renée Schwarzenbach-Wille
Marie Renée Schwarzenbach since 1904 Schwarzenbach-Wille (née Wille; September 4, 1883 – April 26, 1959) was a Swiss socialite and daughter of the Swiss General Ulrich Wille. She was a granddaughter of German diplomat Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck (1783-1860) on her mother's side, and of novelist Eliza Wille (1809-1893) on her father's side.

Schwarzenbach was an equestrian sportswoman competing in main show jumping events in Switzerland and Germany, including the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. She is also known for her detailed photographic family diary, and as the mother of novelist, travel literature writer and photographer Annemarie Schwarzenbach.

Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Bismarck (28 July 1783 – 18 June 1860) was a German lieutenant general, diplomat and military writer. He wrote several major military-political works and military histories, which were very pro-Napoleon.
James Kirklin
James K. Kirklin (born 1947 in Rochester, Minnesota) is an American cardiac surgeon who has made significant scientific and surgical contributions in the fields of heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support devices to assist the pumping action of the heart. He was formerly Professor of Surgery (1987-2022), Director of the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery (2006-2016), Director of the James and John Kirklin Institute for Research in Surgical Outcomes (KIRSO) (2016–2022), and Co-Director of Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center (2011-2017) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB).  While at UAB, he held the UAB Cardiovascular Research Chair (1998-2006), the John Kirklin Chair of Cardiovascular Surgery (2006-2017), and the James Kirklin Chair of Cardiothoracic Surgery (2017-2022).

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Unicursal hexagram
The unicursal hexagram is a hexagram or six-pointed star that can be traced or drawn unicursally, in one continuous line rather than by two overlaid triangles. The hexagram can also be depicted inside a circle with the points touching it. It is often depicted in an interlaced form with the lines of the hexagram passing over and under one another to form a knot. It is a specific instance of the far more general shape discussed in Blaise Pascal's 1639 Hexagrammum Mysticum.

Knot (mathematics)
In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of the circle (S1)  into three-dimensional Euclidean space, R3 (also known as E3).  Often two knots are considered equivalent if they are ambient isotopic, that is, if there exists a continuous deformation of R3 which takes one knot to the other.

A crucial difference between the standard mathematical and conventional notions of a knot is that mathematical knots are closed — there are no ends to tie or untie on a mathematical knot. Physical properties such as friction and thickness also do not apply, although there are mathematical definitions of a knot that take such properties into account. The term knot is also applied to embeddings of S j in Sn, especially in the case j = n − 2. The branch of mathematics that studies knots is known as knot theory and has many relations to graph theory.
Bothaville
Bothaville is a maize farming town situated near the Vaal River in the Lejweleputswa DM of the Free State province, South Africa. It is situated 60 km east of the Vaal, on the bank of its Vals River tributary. Bothaville and the adjacent Kgotsong township have a total of approximately 46,000 residents.

The indigenous Sesotho name for the town is Mophate, which is the name of a clay pot used when traveling.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Eugen Anton Theophil von Podbielski
Eugen Anton Theophil von Podbielski  (17 October 1814 – 31 October 1879) was a general in the Prussian Army. He was born in Köpenick and originally was a cavalry officer. Podbielski served as Quartermaster-General of the German General Staff during the Austro-Prussian War and again the Franco-Prussian War. As such he was the operations officer and Deputy Chief of Staff. Afterwards he was made Inspector-General of Artillery. He also became the namesake of the 5th (1st Silesian) Field Artillery Regiment. He eventually was promoted to General of the Cavalry. Theophil von Podbielski died in Berlin. Having five daughters; his son Victor von Podbielski became a general as well and served as a Prussian minister afterwards.

Quartermaster general
A quartermaster general is the staff officer in charge of supplies for a whole army and is in charge of quartermaster units and personnel, i.e. those tasked with providing supplies for military forces and units.
Arthur Joseph Davis
Arthur Joseph Davis RA (21 May 1878, Kensington, London – 22 July 1951, Kensington, London) was an English architect.

Davis studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris in the 1890s. He was the co-partner in the firm Mewes & Davis, with Charles Mewès. The firm designed the elevations and interior decoration of the London Ritz Hotel which introduced modern French comfort and luxury enabled by an innovative steel frame construction. In addition, the partnership took on numerous private commissions including Luton Hoo for Sir Julius Wernher, Coombe Court for Countess De Grey and Polesden Lacey for the Hon Mrs Ronald Greville. Prior to World War I, Davis worked on a number of ocean liners such as the Aquitania (1911–14); and after his military service he designed a number of banks in London. His last major commission was the Queen Mary (1935).

In 1949 he gave his recreations as golf and water-colour sketching.

Coombe, Kingston upon Thames
Coombe is a historic neighbourhood in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in south west London, England. It sits on high ground, east of Norbiton. Most of the area was part of the former Municipal Borough of Malden and Coombe before local government re-organisation in 1965. It now shares borders with the boroughs of Merton and Sutton with, to the north, the small, inter-related neighbourhoods of Kingston Hill and Kingston Vale, beyond which is Richmond Park in Richmond; and Roehampton/Putney Vale in Wandsworth. To the east are public playing fields and Wimbledon Common.
Bruce Cumming
Bruce Leonard Cumming (11 July 1916 – 5 May 1968) was a South African cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1936 to 1938 for Oxford University and Sussex.

Cumming was born in Germiston, Transvaal, and educated at Michaelhouse in Natal before going to Oxford. He appeared in 24 first-class matches as a right-handed batsman. He scored 684 runs with a highest score of 60 and took two wickets with his occasional medium-pace bowling.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Rhanerbräu
Rhanerbräu is one of the five oldest German breweries with continuous beer production located in Schönthal-Rhan, Cham district in Bavaria federal state. First mentioned in 1283, it is managed by the Bruckmayer family since 1776.

In the spring of 2009, the heat supply of the entire brewery was converted to regenerative energy source. In the "Rhaner Bierkist'l", a building in the form of the world's largest beer cell, a directional biomass heating center is being built that provides process heat in the form of high-pressure steam CO2-neutral for all operating parts.

Cham (district)
Cham (German pronunciation: [kaːm] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Regen, Straubing-Bogen, Regensburg and Schwandorf and by the Czech Plzeň Region.
Haplogroup P1 (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup P1, also known as P-M45 and K2b2a, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. Defined by the SNPs M45 and PF5962, P1 is a primary branch (subclade) of P (P-P295; K2b2).

The only primary subclades of P1 are Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207). These haplogroups now comprise most of the male lineages among Native Americans, Europeans, Central Asia and South Asia, among other parts of the world.

P1 (M45) likely originated in Central Asia or Siberia, with basal P1*  (P1xQ,R) now most common among individuals in Siberia and Central Asia. A 2018 study found basal P1* in two Siberian individuals dated to the Upper Paleolithic (~31,630 cal BP) from a Yana river archaeological site known as Yana RHS.

Human genetics
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.

Genes are the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can answer questions about human nature, can help understand diseases and the development of effective  treatment and help us to understand the genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for the genetics of disorders please see: medical genetics.  For information on the genetics of DNA repair defects related to accelerated aging and/or increased risk of cancer please see: DNA repair-deficiency disorder.
Emma Peters
Emma Karin Peters (born 10 February 1978) is a Swedish actress and comedian. She studied at the Teaterhögskolan in Stockholm between 2000 and 2004. She has worked as an actress at Backa teater, Östgötateatern, Uppsala stadsteater and toured with the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the National Swedish Touring Theatre.

Peters is one of the members of the comedy group Grotesco.

She has acted in TV shows like Vita lögner, Krama mig, Boy Machine, and Gustafsson 3 tr.

In 2023 she acted in the ad campaign "Sweden (not Switzerland)."

Vita lögner
Vita lögner is a Swedish soap opera that was broadcast on TV3, from 1997 to 2002. The plot focused on the social life of the hospital staff and families in the fictional town of Strömsvik. Vita lögner was TV3's first big soap opera hit after Kanal5 bought Vänner och fiender from them in 1997.
Many big stars in Sweden have performed roles on the show, among them Alexander Skarsgård, Petra Hultgren, Anna Järphammar, Maud Adams, and Per Morberg. Charlotte Perrelli (then Nilsson) had a bigger role as Milla Svensson, during 1997–1998.
Knee of a curve
In mathematics, a knee of a curve (or elbow of a curve) is a point where the curve visibly bends, specifically from high slope to low slope (flat or close to flat), or in the other direction. This is particularly used in optimization, where a knee point is the optimum point for some decision, for example when there is an increasing function and a trade-off between the benefit (vertical y axis) and the cost (horizontal x axis): the knee is where the benefit is no longer increasing rapidly, and is no longer worth the cost of further increases – a cutoff point of diminishing returns.

In heuristic use, the term may be used informally, and a knee point identified visually, but in more formal use an explicit objective function is used, and depends on the particular optimization problem. A knee may also be defined purely geometrically, in terms of the curvature or the second derivative.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Proline organocatalysis
Proline organocatalysis is the use of proline  as an organocatalyst in organic chemistry.  This theme is often considered the starting point for the area of organocatalysis, even though early discoveries went unappreciated.   Modifications, such as MacMillan’s catalyst and Jorgensen's catalysts, proceed with excellent stereocontrol.: 5574

Proline catalysis was initially reported by groups at Schering AG and Hoffmann-La Roche. Proline's chiral structure enables enantioselective synthesis, favoring a particular enantiomer or diastereomer.: 5574 : 47

Schering AG
Schering AG was a research-centered German multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Wedding, Berlin, which operated as an independent company from 1851 to 2006. In 2006, it was bought by Bayer AG and merged to form the Bayer subsidiary Bayer Schering Pharma AG, which was renamed Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals in 2011. Schering was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and had 26,000 employees as of 2004.

The American pharmaceutical company Schering-Plough, formerly the Schering Corporation, was originally the US subsidiary of Schering AG, and merged with Merck & Co. in 2009.
Dioryctria fordi
Dioryctria fordi is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Julian P. Donahue and Herbert H. Neunzig in 2002 and is known from the US state of California.

The wingspan is about 15 millimetres (0.59 in). Adults are on wing from June to October.

The larvae possibly feed on Pinus sabiniana.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Morality play
The morality play is a genre of medieval and early Tudor drama.  The term is used by scholars of literary and dramatic history to refer to a genre of play texts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries that feature personified concepts (most often virtues and vices, but sometimes practices or habits) alongside angels and demons, who are engaged in a struggle to persuade a protagonist who represents a generic human character toward either good or evil.  The common story arc of these plays follows "the temptation, fall and redemption of the protagonist".

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Aïda Yazbeck
Sister Aïda Yazbeck (Arabic: عيدا يزبك) is a Catholic nun who is the Director of the Al-Mouna Cultural Center in N'Djaména, Chad. Her work focuses on educating international and domestic groups as well as NGOs about conflicts between different groups in Chad. By training people in conflict resolution, Sister Yazbeck's organization seeks to promote respect among culturally different groups and foster peace in all aspects of life.

Caritas Lebanon
Caritas Lebanon (Arabic: كاريتاس لبنان, French: Caritas Liban) is a Catholic Lebanese nonprofit organisation, established in 1976. It is the official aid organisation of the Catholic Church in Lebanon and implements social welfare services and provides humanitarian aid. It is one of the best-known and largest NGOs in the country and a member of Caritas Internationalis and Caritas MONA.