hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Devil's Nose
The Devil's Nose is a steep but small mountain ridge that spans from southwest to northeast between the Little Cacapon and Potomac rivers in northeastern Hampshire County, West Virginia.

From its southern end near Neals Run on Johnsons Hollow, The Nose rises from the landscape curving along a bend in the Little Cacapon River. From Johnsons Hollow, The Nose continues northeast flanked to its west by a plain at the Little Cacapon's mouth into the Potomac, and to its east by The Nose Hollow and Neals Run-Paw Paw Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 2/6). The Devil's Nose reaches the Potomac River shortly before the Morgan County line. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad separates The Nose from the Potoma River's edge. On the Morgan County line is the "Niagara Falls" of The Nose Hollow's stream shortly before it reaches the Potomac.

Ridge
A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides. The sides of a ridge slope away from a narrow top, the crest or ridgecrest, with the terrain dropping down on either side. The crest, if narrow, is also called a ridgeline. Limitations on the dimensions of a ridge are lacking. Its height above the surrounding terrain can vary from less than a meter to hundreds of meters. A ridge can be either depositional, erosional, tectonic, or a combination of these in origin and can consist of either bedrock, loose sediment, lava, or ice depending on its origin. A ridge can occur as either an isolated, independent feature or part of a larger geomorphological and/or structural feature. Frequently, a ridge can be further subdivided into smaller geomorphic or structural elements.
Kawasaki KR750
The Kawasaki KR750 was a racing motorcycle built by Kawasaki. It featured a liquid-cooled, three-cylinder, two-stroke engine. In 1975, the first version (type 602) was approved by the AMA and in 1976 it was improved by fitting new brakes and forks. The update of this bike (type 602L) was introduced in 1977.

Brake
A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction.
Lee-Meade Inn
The Lee-Meade Inn was a World War II army site on the Gettysburg Battlefield in the area of Hood's Assault. The facility was south of Rose Run on the "light grade" north of the South Confederate Avenue crest. The Inn had 37 ft (11 m) of frontage on the Emmitsburg Road, cabins in the rear, and an adjacent service station.

Constructed during the development era (by 1931) across from the Battlefield Airport site and subsequently operated by a 1937 corporation, Temple University leased the Inn for students of the 1942 Civilian Pilot Training program  in the Gettysburg School of Aeronautics. From 1943-1945, the Army's War Mapping Unit used the Inn to produce maps for the invasion of Japan.

U.S. Route 15 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 15 (US 15) is United States Numbered Highway that runs from Walterboro, South Carolina, north to Painted Post, New York. In Pennsylvania, the highway runs for 194.89 miles (313.65 km), from the Maryland state line just south of Gettysburg, north to the New York state line near Lawrenceville.
Tri-cell
Tri-cell is one of several location-based services technologies that are used to locate or track the location of a mobile phone. Other technologies include TDOA and AGPS. Tri-cell makes a number of measurements within the phone and sends these measurements to a central server that uses a hybrid of methods to calculate the location of the phone on a continuous basis. Tri-cell was invented by the company Trisent Communication Ltd.

Time of arrival
Time of arrival (TOA or ToA) is the absolute time instant when a radio signal emanating from a transmitter reaches a remote receiver.
The time span elapsed since the time of transmission (TOT or ToT) is the time of flight (TOF or ToF).
Time difference of arrival (TDOA) is the difference between TOAs.
Saint-Ouen station (Paris Métro)
Saint-Ouen station (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿wɛ̃]) is a station on the Paris Métro, serving Line 14 and offering a transfer to the RER C via Saint-Ouen RER station. It is located at the limits of the territories of the communes of Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine and Clichy. It is the 304th station of the métro.

Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine
Clichy (/kliːˈʃiː/ klee-SHEE, French: [kliʃi] ⓘ; sometimes unofficially Clichy-la-Garenne [kliʃi la ɡaʁɛn]) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located on the Seine, 6.4 km (4.0 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Located in Clichy are the headquarters of the L'Oréal Group, the world's largest company in cosmetics and beauty; Bic, one of the biggest pen producers in the world; Monoprix, a major French retail chain; as well as Sony France, a large electronics and media company.
Church of St. Nicholas, Jagodnjak
Church of St. Nicholas (Serbian: Crkva svetog Nikole, Serbian Cyrillic: Црква светог Николе) in Jagodnjak is Serbian Orthodox church in eastern Croatia. The church was built in 1725. Church gain attention in 2012 when local believer claimed apparation of Nectarios of Aegina in her dream. In 2013 special place in church with saint's icon was built, and pilgrimage to Aegina was organized. In 2015 Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja initiated building of smaller church dedicated to Nectarios of Aegina.

Nectarios of Aegina
Nectarios of Aegina (Greek: Νεκτάριος Αιγίνης; 1 October 1846 – 8 November 1920), Metropolitan of Pentapolis and Wonderworker of Aegina, is one of the most renowned Greek saints, venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church. On 20 April 1961, Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople glorified him as a saint. His feast day is celebrated every year on 9 November.
NewsDiffs
NewsDiffs is a website that records changes to news organizations' websites. The website archives article revisions from The New York Times, CNN, Politico, The Washington Post, and the BBC.

It was created in June 2012 by former The New York Times journalist Jennifer 8. Lee, MIT graduate student Eric Price, and Tddium employee Greg Price. Written in the Python programming language, the source code is stored on GitHub. Reviewers praised the site for capturing changes during an era of fast news cycles but lamented the difficulty of finding substantial changes from the exhaustive stream of articles.

Columbia Journalism Review
The Columbia Journalism Review (CJR) is a biannual magazine for professional journalists that has been published by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism since 1961. Its original purpose was "to assess the performance of journalism in all its forms, to call attention to its shortcomings and strengths, and to help define—or redefine—standards of honest, responsible service." The CJR's contents include news and media industry trends, analysis, professional ethics, and stories behind news.

In 2015, the CJR announced that the publishing frequency of the print magazine was being reduced from six to two issues per year in order to focus on its digital operations.
Lotte Peeters
Lotte Peeters (born 9 July 1993, in Sint-Niklaas) is a Belgian politician of the New Flemish Alliance party who has served as a member of the Member of the Chamber of Representatives since 2024 representing the East Flanders constituency.

Sint-Niklaas
Sint-Niklaas (Dutch: [ˌsɪnt nɪˈklaːs] ⓘ; French: Saint-Nicolas, [sɛ̃ nikɔla]) is a Belgian city and municipality located in the Flemish province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Sint-Niklaas proper and the towns of Belsele, Nieuwkerken-Waas, and Sinaai.

Sint-Niklaas is the capital and major city of the Waasland region straddling the East Flanders and Antwerp provinces.  The city is known for having the largest market square in Belgium. At one point this square also boasted the largest Christmas tree, and the largest easter egg in Europe.
Young Samurai
Young Samurai is a series of martial arts/action-adventure stories written by Chris Bradford, set in 17th century Japan, following the exploits of an English boy, Jack Fletcher, as he strives to be the first gaijin samurai. Introduced by Puffin Books as their "All New Action Hero", Young Samurai has been described as a black-belt Young Bond, Artemis Fowl with swords or Percy Jackson with ninja.

The first Young Samurai book, The Way of the Warrior, was published by Puffin in 2008. Disney bought the U.S. publishing rights in the same year and had published the book in early March 2009. By the time of publication in the UK, the Young Samurai series had sold to over 16 different territories. The TV and film rights have been acquired by Coolabi.

Artemis Fowl
Artemis Fowl is a series of eleven fantasy novels by Irish author Eoin Colfer, revolving around various members of the Fowl family. The first cycle, the Artemis Fowl series, consists of eight books, and the second cycle, The Fowl Twins series, consists of a trilogy. Both releases have received commercial success and positive critical reception in the children's literature genre, and also originated graphic novel adaptations. As of 2013, the novels have sold more than 21 million copies in 44 languages, and are one of the best-selling series of all time. In 2010, Artemis Fowl was voted by readers as their favorite Puffin Books title of all time.

A film adaptation based on the first novel was in the process of development by Disney from 2016, and eventually released on the Disney+ streaming service on June 12, 2020 to negative reviews, before being removed from the service on May 26, 2023.
PHM Pegasus
PHM Pegasus is a ship simulation and action game released for the Commodore 64, Apple II, DOS, Amstrad CPC, and ZX Spectrum. The title refers to USS Pegasus (PHM-1), one of the Pegasus-class hydrofoils which were used by the U.S. Navy in the 1970s.

The game was developed by Lucasfilm Games and published by Electronic Arts. The game has eight different missions in which players must maneuver helicopters, convoy ships, and patrol hydrofoil missilecrafts to survey areas, clear areas of enemy ships, and escort friendly ships.

Mission locations include the Persian Gulf, the Eastern Mediterranean, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Sidra. The developers of the game consulted with Boeing Marine Systems, a manufacturer of hydrofoils, to increase the realism of the simulation.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Lena Delta Wildlife Reserve
Lena Delta Nature Reserve (Russian: Усть-Ленский государственный природный заповедник) is a Zapovednik (“scientific nature reserve”) located in the delta of the Lena River in Sakha Republic, in the far north of eastern Siberia, Russia. The reserve is divided into two subareas, and has a total land area of 14,330 square kilometres (5,530 sq mi), making it one of the largest protected areas in Russia. The delta itself has a size of about 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi), making it one of the largest in the world. It protects large concentrations of birds, including swans, geese and ducks, loons, shorebirds, raptors and gulls. It is also an important fish spawning site.

The Lena's main outlets are the Trofimov (70%), Bykov and Olenek. Nearby is the settlement of Tiksi, the administrative center of Bulunsky District, on the Bykov channel.

Loon
Loons (North American English) or divers (British / Irish English) are a group of aquatic birds found in much of North America and northern Eurasia. All living species of loons are members of the genus Gavia, family Gaviidae, and order Gaviiformes.
Professional Graduate Certificate in Education
The Professional Graduate Certificate in Education (ProfGCE) is a Level 6 award in England and Wales for undergraduate degree holders who wish to become teachers.

It is very similar to the Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) and enables candidates to gain their Qualified Teacher Status (QTS), but does not carry credits towards a master's degree of which the PGCE provides 60.

It sits on the Honours Level of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications (FHEQ), a level lower than the Postgraduate Certificate in Education.
The Professional Graduate Certificate in Education level 6 is also a stand-alone qualification for those wishing to become a teacher in the post-compulsory sector. It can be used as an advanced pathway for those completing a Diploma in Education and Training level 5. Completion of the Diploma / Professional Graduate Certificate (typically two years part-time) allows you to apply for Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills (QTLS) status.

National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom
The national qualification frameworks in the United Kingdom are qualifications frameworks that define and link the levels and credit values of different qualifications.

The current frameworks are:

The Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by Ofqual in England and the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) in Northern Ireland;

The Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) in Wales, regulated by Qualifications Wales;

The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF)  in Scotland;

The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.

Credit frameworks use the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme, where 1 credit = 10 hours of nominal learning.
Tanga Bay
Tanga Bay (Ghuba la Tanga, in Swahili) is a bay in Mkinga District of Tanga Region of Tanzania. The bay is home to Tanga Island and is surrounded in the north by Chongoleani ward, west by Mabokweni and Mzizima wards. To the south is Central and Chumbageni wards. The archaeological survey of the area demonstrated that the Tanga Bay and Amboni Caves regions offer sites worth funding for future excavations.
It's probable that the ancient trading hub of Toniki, which the Ptolemy claimed to be in latitude 4 South, was situated in the study region.

Mzizima, Tanga City Council
Mzizima (Kata ya Mzizima , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Mabokweni ward borders the ward on its northern side. To the east are Chumbageni and Tanga Bay. The ward of Kiomoni is to the south. The Gombero ward of Mkinga is to the west. The ward covers an area of 56.2 km2 (21.7 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 97 m (318 ft). The Sigi River traverses through the ward into Tanga Bay. The ward is also home to the Mzizima Hot Springs also known as Galanos Hot Springs. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 11,570.
A Journey Through Filmland
A Journey Through Filmland is a 1921 documentary about Hollywood made by Beaumont Smith during his visit there. It includes appearances from Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, Warren Kerrigan, Mildred Harris, Ben Turpin, Wallace Reid and Bill Hart.

There was a scene of director James Cruze getting married.

James Cruze
James Cruze (born Jens Cruz Bosen; March 27, 1884 – August 3, 1942) was a silent film actor and film director.

James Cruze is best known today among film buffs as the director of the epic silent Western The Covered Wagon.
José Pérides
José Pérides (born 18 April 1935) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as midfielder for Portuguese clubs Académica Coimbra, Sporting Portugal, Sporting Covilhã, Benfica and Sanjoanense, as well as for the Portugal national football team.

S.C. Covilhã
Sporting Clube da Covilhã, commonly known as just Sporting da Covilhã or Sp. Covilhã, is a Portuguese football club from the city of Covilhã that plays in the third-tier Liga 3. The club was founded on 2 June 1923 and became the branch number 8 of Sporting Clube de Portugal (Sporting CP). Their nickname is the Leões da Serra, meaning "Lions of the Mountain Range," due to Covilhã's location in the Serra de Estrela, the highest mountains in Portugal.

Their home ground is Estádio Municipal José dos Santos Pinto, located at approximately 900 m of altitude. However, the team plays also at the newer stadium of Complexo Desportivo da Covilhã, also in Covilhã, which holds a capacity of 3,000 spectators. Their current chairman is Marco Peba and current manager is Francisco Chaló. They have won five Second Division in 1948, 1969, 1987 (second-tier), 2002, and 2005 (third-tier).
Edward McCormick
Edward James McCormick (1 November 1862 – 31 December 1941) was an English cricketer active from 1880 to 1890 who played for Sussex. He was born in Hastings and died in County Tipperary. He appeared in 50 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace. He scored 1,346 runs with a highest score of 73 and took nine wickets with a best performance of two for 36.

Hastings
Hastings (/ˈheɪstɪŋz/ ⓘ HAY-stingz) is a seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England,
24 mi (39 km) east of Lewes and 53 mi (85 km) south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place 8 mi (13 km) to the north-west at Senlac Hill in 1066. It later became one of the medieval Cinque Ports. In the 19th century, it was a popular seaside resort, as the railway allowed tourists and visitors to reach the town. Hastings remains a popular seaside resort and is also a fishing port, with the UK's largest beach-based fishing fleet. The town's estimated population was 91,100 in 2021.
Koivusalo
Koivusalo is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henna Koivusalo (born 1985), Finnish mathematician

Timo Koivusalo (born 1963), Finnish actor, director, writer, composer and musician

Henna Koivusalo
Henna L. L. Koivusalo (born 1985) is a Finnish mathematician who works in the UK as a lecturer at the School of Mathematics of the University of Bristol. Her research involves dynamical systems, fractal geometry, Diophantine approximation, and the cut-and-project method for generating aperiodic tilings and quasicrystals.
Non-orientable wormhole
In wormhole theory, a non-orientable wormhole is a wormhole connection that appears to reverse the chirality of anything passed through it. It is related to the "twisted" connections normally used to construct a Möbius strip or Klein bottle.

In topology, this sort of connection is referred to as an Alice handle.

Chirality (physics)
A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality). The spin of a particle may be used to define a handedness, or helicity, for that particle, which, in the case of a massless particle, is the same as chirality. A  symmetry transformation between the two is called parity transformation. Invariance under parity transformation by a Dirac fermion is called chiral symmetry.
Armand Charles Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest
Armand Charles Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest (1782–1863) was a French aristocrat who was involved in both the politics of France and the Russian Empire during the First French Empire and the Bourbon Restoration. He was the second son of prominent French émigré diplomat François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, one of King Louis XVI of France's last ministers.

During the Napoleonic Wars, he served Czar Alexander I of Russia. During this time, he married Princess Sophie Alexeievna Galitzine (23 November 1777 – 23 July 1814), the daughter of a highly noble Lithuanian-Russian family. In appreciation of his loyalty, Alexander made him the Governor of Podolia and Odessa.

In 1822, he returned to France with his son, Alexis Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, and was made a Peer of France.

Émigré
An émigré (French: [emigʁe]) is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social exile or self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French verb émigrer meaning "to emigrate".
Breton bidet
The Breton bidet is a type of bidet, a small horse bred in Brittany. Characterized by its ability to move at amble, and bred for its working strength, the bidet has been around since the 5th century. In the Middle Ages, it may have been crossed with oriental horses brought by the House of Rohan. Widespread in Brittany until the mid-nineteenth century, bidets were used for all work requiring a low-value horse. The Haras Nationaux fought against this breeding. Transportation modernized in the 19th century, making the draft horse more sought after. The Breton bidet disappeared at the dawn of the 20th century.

These small horses, measuring 1.30 m to 1.45 m in height, are generally chestnut in color. Reputed to be ugly, they have great stamina and proverbial resistance to effort. Bidets are mainly used for saddling or as packhorses, but some are also known for their racing abilities. They are bred in southern and central Brittany, near Briec, Carhaix, Loudéac, and on the Morbihan coast.

Oriental horse
The term oriental horse refers to the ancient breeds of horses developed in the Middle East, such as the Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Barb, and the Turkoman horse. They tend to be thin-skinned, long-legged, slim in build and more physically refined than other types, but with great endurance. Oriental horses, sometimes referred to as hot-blooded breeds, have a level of intelligence that allows them to be athletic, versatile, and learn quickly. They are bred for agility and speed and are generally considered spirited and bold.
Dmitri Kulikov (footballer)
Dmitri Kulikov (born 23 September 1977) is an Estonian football referee and a former footballer, who played as defender and midfielder for Estonian Meistriliiga club FC Kuressaare and Latvian Virsliga club FK Jaunība Rīga.

FC Kuressaare
FC Kuressaare, commonly known as Kuressaare, is an Estonian professional football club based in Kuressaare, Saaremaa island. The club's home ground is Kuressaare linnastaadion.

Founded on 14 March 1997, the club competes in the Meistriliiga, the top tier of Estonian football. Kuressaare debuted in the Estonian top division in 2000 and were known as a yo-yo club throughout the first decade of the 21st century, as they were promoted and relegated for eight consecutive seasons. Since then, the club has played in the Meistriliiga in 2009–2013 and again since 2018.
Czarnocin, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Czarnocin [t͡ʂarˈnɔt͡ɕin] is a village in Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czarnocin. It lies 9 km (6 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Kazimierza Wielka
Kazimierza Wielka ([kaʑiˈmʲɛʐa ˈvʲɛlka] ⓘ) is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Kraków. It is the administrative seat of Kazimierza County. With a population of 5,848 (2005), it is the smallest county seat in Poland. Kazimierza Wielka is located in Lesser Poland Upland and historically belongs to the province of Lesser Poland. For most of its history, it was a village, and did not receive its town charter until 1959.