hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tumor-homing bacteria
Tumor-homing bacteria are facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria (capable of producing ATP when oxygen is absent or is destroyed in normal oxygen levels) that are able to target cancerous cells in the body, suppress tumor growth and survive in the body for a long time even after the infection. When this type of bacteria is administered into the body, it migrates to the cancerous tissues and starts to grow, and then deploys distinct mechanisms to destroy solid tumors. Each bacteria species uses a different process to eliminate the tumor. Some common tumor homing bacteria include Salmonella, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Listeria, and Streptococcus. The earliest research of this type of bacteria was highlighted in 1813 when scientists began observing that patients that had gas gangrene, an infection caused by the bacteria Clostridium, were able to have tumor regressions.

Obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2). Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with some species capable of surviving in up to 8% oxygen, while others lose viability in environments with an oxygen concentration greater than 0.5%.

Obligate anaerobes, which die when normal amounts of oxygen are present, are contrasted with obligate aerobes, which die without oxygen. Bacteria that fall in between these two extremes may be classified as either facultative anaerobes, which can use oxygen but also survive without it, or microaerophiles, which need lower levels of oxygen. Aerotolerant organisms are indifferent to the presence or absence of oxygen.
Howard Pursuivant Extraordinary
Howard Pursuivant of Arms Extraordinary was an officer of arms extraordinary in England; that is, a royal herald but not a member of the College of Arms in London.

The office was created in November 1992 by the Earl Marshal, and named from the barony of Howard of Glossop (created in 1869), to which Miles Fitzalan-Howard succeeded in 1972 before succeeding as Earl Marshal and Duke of Norfolk in 1975. The Duke himself had never used the Glossop title, since his mother's barony of Beaumont takes precedence.

The badge of office was assigned in 1992: A cross-crosslet fitchy argent enclosed within a pair of wings displayed and reflexed gold. The crosslet is taken from the Howard's Arms and crest, while the wings allude to one of the Howard's crests and also the swiftness of the pursuivant as a messenger.

There has only been one appointment to this office since its creation.

Duke of Norfolk
Duke of Norfolk is a title in the Peerage of England. The premier non-royal peer, the Duke of Norfolk is additionally the premier duke and earl in the English peerage. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the county of Norfolk. The current duke is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk. The dukes have historically been Catholic, a state of affairs known as recusancy in England.

All past and present dukes have been descended from Edward I. The son of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, was Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey; the earl was descended from Edward III. As all subsequent dukes after Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk are descendants of the Earl of Surrey, this means they are also descended from Edward III.
Mohammad Modabber
Mohammad Modabber (Persian: محمد مدبر; b. 1890 – d. 1966) was an Iranian painter, who was one of the developers of "Coffee House Painting". A friend of Hossein Qollar-Aqasi, he learned paintings at Seyed Ghaffar Isfahani school.

Having Modabber father gone in childhood, he had earnt moneys by acting in a passion plays, hence receiving innumerable knowledge in a fields of religious traditions. Owing to his backgrounds, he was mostly devoted of his talent drawing liturgical panels. He died in 1966.

Hossein Qollar-Aqasi
Hossein Qollar-Aghasi (1902–1966) was an Iranian painter. He was born in Tehran, Iran and was the son of Ali-Reza Qollar-Aghasi, a designer of tile-work patterns. He acquired rudimentary skills of traditional painting in his father's workshop. He was one of the developers of "Coffeehouse Painting", creating canvas works and mural frescoes based on religious traditions and national epics from the Shahnameh.

He mentored from a very early age Mohammad Farahani who continued painting in the Iranian Coffeehouse painting school.
Modification (mathematics)
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a modification is an arrow between natural transformations. It is a 3-cell in the 3-category of 2-cells (where the 2-cells are natural transformations, the 1-cells are functors, and the 0-cells are categories). The notion is due to Bénabou.

Given two natural transformations , there exists a modification  such that:

,

, and

.

The following commutative diagram shows an example of a modification and its inner workings.

2-category
In category theory in mathematics, a 2-category is a category with "morphisms between morphisms", called 2-morphisms. A basic example is the category Cat of all (small) categories, where a 2-morphism is a natural transformation between functors.

The concept of a strict 2-category was first introduced  by Charles Ehresmann in his work on enriched categories in 1965.  The more general concept of bicategory (or weak 2-category), where composition of morphisms is associative only up to a 2-isomorphism, was introduced in 1967 by Jean Bénabou.

A (2, 1)-category is a 2-category where each 2-morphism is invertible.
2019 Bendigo Women's International – Doubles
Ellen Perez and Arina Rodionova were the defending champions, but chose not to participate.

Maddison Inglis and Kaylah McPhee won the title, defeating Naiktha Bains and Tereza Mihalíková in the final, 3–6, 6–2, [10–2].

Kaylah McPhee
Kaylah McPhee (born 4 February 1998) is an Australian tennis player.

She has career-high WTA rankings of 199 in singles, achieved on 16 September 2019, and 218 in doubles, reached on 29 January 2024. She has won one singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

McPhee won her biggest ITF title at the 2019 Bendigo Women's International in the doubles event, partnering Maddison Inglis.

Alongside Astra Sharma, she was runner-up in the doubles at the WTA 125 2024 Canberra Tennis International, losing to Veronika Erjavec and Darja Semeņistaja in the final.
Slonta
Slonta or Suluntah (Arabic: اسلنطة) is a town in the District of Jabal al Akhdar about 27 kilometres (17 mi) south of the city of Bayda. It is noted for its ruins of a pre-Greek temple for the Berber people, that used to be in a cave which has since collapsed.

Jabal al Akhdar
Jabal al Akhdar or The Green Mountain (Arabic: الجبل الأخضر al-Jabal al-Akhḍar) is one of the districts of Libya. It lies in the northeast of the country. The capital is Bayda. In its territory, close to the city of Shahhat, can be found the remains of the ancient Greek colony of Cyrene, and the neighbouring city of Apollonia, a major port in the Mediterranean Sea in antiquity. On land, it borders Derna in the east, Al Wahat in the south and Marj in the west.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in
was 157,747, with 150,353 Libyans.  Average household size was 6.9, compared to  3.7 for non-Libyans. There were a total of 22,713 households, 20,907 of them Libyan.  The population density was 1.86 persons per km2. Per the 2006 census, there were  70,321 economically active people.
Williamstown (CDP), Vermont
Williamstown is the primary village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Williamstown, Orange County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 1,264, out of 3,515 in the entire town of Williamstown.

The CDP is in northwestern Orange County, in the north-central part of the town of Williamstown. It is in the valley of the Stevens Branch of the Winooski River, part of the Lake Champlain watershed. Vermont Route 14 passes through the village center, leading north 6 miles (10 km) to Barre and south through Williamstown Gulf 26 miles (42 km) to South Royalton in the White River Valley. Vermont Route 64 leads west from Williamstown village 4 miles (6 km) to Interstate 89.

White River Valley
The White River Valley is a region in central Vermont, United States. The area is a natural river valley of the White River.

As defined by the valley's chamber of commerce, it includes eleven towns: Bethel, Braintree, Brookfield, Chelsea, Hancock, Randolph, Rochester, Royalton, Sharon, Stockbridge, and Tunbridge.

The White River Valley Consortium works to address regional issues in the area, among fourteen towns, also including Granville, Pittsfield, and Strafford.

The Herald, also known as the White River Valley Herald and The Herald of Randolph, has served sixteen towns in the White River Valley since 1874.

The area was once heavily farmed, though reforestation efforts by the Civilian Conservation Corps were especially evident in the region.
WTXT
WTXT (98.1 FM, "98 TXT") is a commercial radio station licensed to Fayette, Alabama, and serving the Tuscaloosa metropolitan area and west-central Alabama. It airs a country music format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The studios and offices are on 11th Avenue, off Interstate 359 in Tuscaloosa.

WTXT is a Class C1 station. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The transmitter is off Boyd Road near Columbus Creek in Echola. WTXT broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its HD2 subchannel airs a classic country format known as "The Possum." The HD3 subchannel plays Southern gospel music. They feed FM translators at 92.1 MHz and 96.1 MHz respectively.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Denis Waxin
Denis Georges Waxin (born 26 June 1968) is a French serial killer and serial rapist who attacked at least six children in Lille and its suburbs from 1985 to 1999, killing three girls, raping two boys and another girl. He was convicted for his proven crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment with 29 years of preventative detention.

Serial rapist
A serial rapist is someone who commits multiple rapes, whether with multiple victims or a single victim repeatedly over a period of time. Some serial rapists target children. The terms sexual predator, repeat rape and multiple offending can also be used to describe the activities of those who commit a number of consecutive rapes, but remain unprosecuted when self-reported in research. Others will commit their assaults in prisons.

In some instances, a group of serial rapists will work together.  These rapists can have a pattern of behavior that is sometimes used to predict their activities and aid in their arrest and conviction. Serial rapists also differ from one-time offenders because "serial rapists more often involved kidnapping, verbally and physically threatening the victims, and using or threatening the use of weapons."
Baharipur
Baharipur is a village in Pindra Tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The village falls under the Aharak gram panchayat. The village is about 20 kilometers North-West of Varanasi city, 291 kilometers South-East of state capital Lucknow and 805 kilometers South-East of the national capital Delhi.

Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport
Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport (IATA: VNS, ICAO: VEBN) is an international airport serving Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located at Babatpur, 26 km (16 mi) northwest of Varanasi. Formerly known as Varanasi Airport, it was officially renamed after Lal Bahadur Shastri, the 2nd Prime Minister of India, in October 2005. It acquired its position in India's major airports after more than 4 million passengers used the airport in 2024-25. It is the 19th-busiest airport in India in terms of passenger movement, and the second-busiest airport in Uttar Pradesh. The airport was awarded as the best airport in Asia-Pacific in 2020 (2 to 5 million passengers per annum) by Airports Council International. It is the first airport in India to make announcements in Sanskrit language.
Morrisonia latex
Morrisonia latex, the fluid arches, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia to South Carolina, west to Arkansas, and north to Manitoba.

The moth flies from May to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Acer saccharinum, Acer nigrum, Prunus serotina, Betula lenta, Betula nigra, Betula lutea, Betula papyrifera, Ulmus americana, Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Quercus prinus, Quercus velutina and Sassafras albidum.

Betula nigra
Betula nigra, the black birch, river birch or water birch, is a species of birch native to the Eastern United States from New Hampshire west to southern Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and west to Texas. It is one of the few heat-tolerant birches in a family of mostly cold-weather trees which do not thrive in USDA Zone 6 and up. B. nigra commonly occurs in floodplains and swamps.
North American Datum
The North American Datum (NAD) is the horizontal datum used to define latitude and longitude (horizontal coordinates) in North America. A datum is a formal description of the shape of the Earth along with survey markers serving as "anchor" points for the coordinate system. In surveying, cartography, and land-use planning, two North American Datums are in use: the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) and the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Both are geodetic reference systems based on slightly different assumptions and measurements.

Vertical measurements, based on distances above or below Mean High Water (MHW), are calculated using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

NAD 83, along with NAVD 88, is scheduled to be replaced in 2026 with the Datum of 2022, a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum based on GPS and gravimetric geoid model.

Survey marker
In surveying and geodesy, a marker (also called a mark, monument, or station) is an object firmly installed to indicate points on the Earth's surface with known coordinates. A benchmark is a type of survey marker that indicates elevation (vertical position). Horizontal position markers used for triangulation are also known as triangulation stations.  A set of interrelated geodetic markers form a geodetic network. An active station or reference station is occupied permanently with a measurement instrument, such as GPS/GNSS continuously operating reference stations (CORS).
Benchmarking or trigpointing is the hobby of searching for these marks.
Bowder Stone
The Bowder Stone is a large andesite lava boulder, that fell 200 metres (660 ft) from the Bowder Crag on Kings How between 13,500 and 10,000 years ago. The stone is situated in Borrowdale, Cumbria, England, at grid reference NY25401639. It is estimated to weigh around 2000 tons and is about 30 feet (9.1 m) high, 50 feet (15 m) across and 90 feet (27 m) in circumference. There is a staircase allowing visitors to climb to the top, and has been since at least 1890.

Baldr
Baldr (Old Norse  also Balder, Baldur) is a god in Germanic mythology. In Norse mythology, he is a son of the god Odin and the goddess Frigg, and has numerous brothers, such as Thor and Váli. In wider Germanic mythology, the god was known in Old English as Bældæġ, and in Old High German as Balder, all ultimately stemming from the Proto-Germanic theonym *Balðraz ('hero' or 'prince').

During the 12th century, Danish accounts by Saxo Grammaticus and other Danish Latin chroniclers recorded a euhemerized account of his story. Compiled in Iceland during the 13th century, but based on older Old Norse poetry, the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda contain numerous references to the death of Baldr as both a great tragedy to the Æsir and a harbinger of Ragnarök.

According to Gylfaginning, a book of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda, Baldr's wife is Nanna and their son is Forseti. Baldr had the greatest ship ever built, Hringhorni, and there is no place more beautiful than his hall, Breidablik.
Frederick Sharp (baritone)
Frederick Sharp (October 19, 1911, Mansfield Woodhouse – April 20, 1988, Tadworth, Surrey) was an English baritone. Trained as a singer at the Royal College of Music, he made his debut in 1946 at the Glyndebourne Festival Opera as Junius in Benjamin Britten's The Rape of Lucretia. In 1947 he created the role of Sid in the world premiere of Britten's Albert Herring. He went on to sing thirteen seasons with the Sadler's Wells Opera;  portraying such roles as Germont in La traviata,  Paolo in Simon Boccanegra, Scarpia in Tosca, and the title roles in Eugene Onegin, Don Giovanni and Rigoletto among others. His final appearance with Saddler's Wells was in 1960.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
50th Legislature of the Chamber of Senators of Uruguay
The Fifty Legislature of the Chamber of Senators of Uruguay is the current meeting of the upper house of the Uruguayan General Assembly. It convened in Montevideo on February 15, 2025, during the last weeks of Luis Lacalle Pou's presidency and will remain in session throughout the five-year term of Yamandú Orsi's presidency.

Senators were elected in the 2024 general election in a single constituency. The Broad Front will have a majority of seats, which will be complemented by the vice president, who has the right to vote.

Broad Front (Uruguay)
The Broad Front (Spanish: Frente Amplio, FA) is a political coalition in Uruguay. Since 2025, it has been the ruling party of Uruguay, having previously ruled from 2005 to 2020 and has produced three presidents: Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010; 2015–2020), José Mujica (2010–2015) and Yamandú Orsi (2025–present). Since 1999, it has been the largest party in Uruguay's General Assembly.
The Northern Heiress
The Northern Heiress is a 1716 comedy by the Irish-born writer Mary Davys. Its fuller title is The Northern Heiress, or, The Humours of York.

The play satirizes the contemporary marriage market. It was dedicated to Princess Anne, daughter of George, Prince of Wales. Because of this it has been inferred that Davys was a strong Whig supporter of the Hanoverian Succession. However, the dedication may have been the attempt of a struggling author to try to secure patronage in the wake of the recent Jacobite rebellion.

The original cast featured John Leigh as Gamont, Christopher Bullock as Welby, William Bullock as Sir Loobily Joddrell, Sarah Thurmond as Isabella, Jane Rogers as Louisa, Mary Kent as Lady Cardivant and Frances Maria Knight as Lady Ample.

Jacobite rising of 1715
The Jacobite rising of 1715 (Scottish Gaelic: Bliadhna Sheumais [ˈpliən̪ˠə ˈheːmɪʃ];
or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts.

At Braemar, Aberdeenshire, the Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard on 27 August. Aiming to capture Stirling Castle, he was checked by the much-outnumbered Hanoverians, commanded by the Duke of Argyll, at Sheriffmuir on 13 November. There was no clear result, but the Earl appeared to believe, mistakenly, that he had won the battle. After the Jacobite surrender at Preston (14 November), the rebellion was over.
Firehair
Firehair is a 1945–1952 comic book character who appeared in features in the comic book anthology Rangers Comics, published by Fiction House during the Golden Age of Comic Books. She is a Western heroine, a young woman raised by Native Americans who fights predatory white settlers who try to cheat or kill her adopted people.

The character has been criticized as a paternalistic portrayal of a white savior, similar to the jungle girl comics that were prevalent at the time.

Fiction House
Fiction House was an American publisher of pulp magazines and comic books that existed from the 1920s to the 1950s. It was founded by John B. "Jack" Kelly and John W. Glenister. By the late 1930s, the publisher was Thurman T. Scott. Its comics division was best known for its pinup-style good girl art, as epitomized by the company's most popular character, Sheena, Queen of the Jungle.
Henderson Bird Viewing Preserve
The Henderson Bird Viewing Preserve is a bird reserve in Henderson, Nevada. It located in a water reclamation plant and is known for its thousands of migratory waterfowl that can be found near the park because of its spot on the Pacific Flyway. The preserve contains nine ponds and 5 mi (8.0 km) of trails.

Bird reserve
A bird reserve (also called ornithological reserve) is a wildlife refuge designed to protect bird species. Like other wildlife refuges, the main goal of a reserve is to prevent species from becoming endangered or extinct. Typically, bird species in a reserve are protected from hunting and habitat destruction. Because of the protection they provide from such threats, bird reserves also serve as excellent locations for bird watching. Normally, wildlife refuges are under the care of non-profit organizations and governmental institutions.
Tennōzan Kofun (Sakurai)
Tennōzan Kofun (天王山古墳)  is a Kofun period  burial mound, located in the Kurahashi neighborhood of the city of Sakurai, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1954. It is only of several sites claiming to be the grave of Emperor Sushun. It is also called the Akasaka Tennōzan Kofun (赤坂天王山古墳).

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).