hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aligarh Muslim University Act
The Aligarh Muslim University Act is an act of Imperial Legislative Council enacted in 1920. The Act was amended in 1951 in order to repeal sections on Islamic teachings. The Act was amended in 1967 which was challenged in Azeez Basha case. In 2005, the Allahabad High Court quashed the Aligarh Muslim University (Amendment) Act, 1981, as unconstitutional and declared that the AMU was not a minority institution. Therefore, the notification issued by the Human Resource Development Ministry in February permitting the university to reserve seats for Muslims in post-graduate medical courses was illegal.

Ministry of Education (India)
The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.

The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India has had a Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and with the newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to the Ministry of Education.
Silent Cinema in India
Silent Cinema in India - A Pictorial Journey is a 2012 Indian English language non-fiction book, written by B D Garga and published by HarperCollins India.
 It won the 2012 National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema

National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema
The National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for Best Writing on Indian Cinema and awarded with Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus).

The award was instituted in 1981, at 29th National Film Awards and awarded annually for books written in the year across the country, in all Indian languages.
Pyriform Mountain
Pyriform Mountain is a 2,739-metre (8,986-foot) mountain summit located 74 km (46 mi) southwest of Calgary in Kananaskis Country of Alberta, Canada. Pyriform Mountain is the third-highest officially named peak in the Highwood Range which is a subrange of the Canadian Rockies. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's west slope drains into headwaters of Junction Creek which is a tributary of the Sheep River; and the east slope drains to Trap Creek which is a tributary of the Highwood River. Topographic relief is modest as the summit rises approximately 740 m (2,430 ft) above Junction Creek in 2 km (1.2 mi).

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Tranebergsbron
Tranebergsbron, also known as the Traneberg Bridge, is a double arch bridge located in central Stockholm, Sweden. Stretching over the strait Tranebergssund it connects the major island Kungsholmen with the western suburb Bromma. The bridge serves as a passage for both road and metro tracks.

Bromma
Bromma (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈbrɔ̂mːa]) is a borough (stadsdelsområde) in the western part of Stockholm, Sweden, forming part of the Stockholm Municipality. Bromma is primarily made up of Bromma Parish and Västerled Parish. The fourth largest airport in Sweden and the third largest of the airports close to Stockholm, the Stockholm Bromma Airport, was first built in Bromma in 1936.
 The south-eastern part of Bromma is one of the richest areas in Stockholm.
John Barrett (Missouri politician)
John P. Barrett (November 17, 1915 – March 27, 2000) was an American Democratic politician who served in the Missouri General Assembly.  He served in the Missouri Senate between 1955 and 1967.

Born in St. Louis, Missouri, he was educated in the public schools of St. Louis.  On August 29, 1934, Barrett married Dolores Mabel Miller in St. Louis, Missouri.  He served in the United States Navy, in the South Pacific, during World War II.

South Pacific Area
The South Pacific Area (SOPAC) was a multinational U.S.-led military command active during World War II. It was a part of the U.S. Pacific Ocean Areas under Admiral Chester Nimitz.

The delineation and establishment of the Pacific Ocean Areas was negotiated by the Allied governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the Kingdom of the Netherlands in March–April 1942 in response to the Japanese attacks in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The South Pacific Area was bounded on the west by the Southwest Pacific Area, on the north by the Central Pacific Area, and on the east by the Southeast Pacific Area.  It originally encompassed the Ellice, Phoenix, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Samoa, Fiji, and New Hebrides island groups plus New Caledonia and New Zealand. Its western boundary was shifted to just west of Guadalcanal on 1 August 1942 to facilitate operations against that island.
Apolipoprotein C-III
Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII, and apolipoprotein C3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. Apo-CIII is secreted by the liver as well as the small intestine, and is found on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and remnant cholesterol.

Very low-density lipoprotein
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream.  VLDL is assembled in the liver from triglycerides, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins.  VLDL is converted in the bloodstream to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL).  VLDL particles have a diameter of 30–80 nanometers (nm). VLDL transports endogenous products, whereas chylomicrons transport exogenous (dietary) products. In the early 2010s both the lipid composition and protein composition of this lipoprotein were characterised in great detail.
Achaeans (tribe)
The Achaeans (/əˈkiːənz/; Greek: Ἀχαιοί, romanized: Akhaioí) were one of the four major tribes into which Herodotus divided the Greeks, along with the Aeolians, Ionians and Dorians. They inhabited the region of Achaea in the northern Peloponnese, and played an active role in the colonization of Italy, founding important cities such as Sybaris, Kroton and Metapontum. Unlike the other major tribes, the Achaeans did not have a separate dialect in the Classical period, instead using a form of Doric.

Metapontum
Metapontum or Metapontium (Ancient Greek: Μεταπόντιον, romanized: Metapontion) was an ancient city of Magna Graecia, situated on the gulf of Tarentum, between the river Bradanus and the Casuentus (modern Basento). It was distant about 20 km from Heraclea and 40 from Tarentum. The ruins of Metapontum are located in the frazione of Metaponto, in the comune of Bernalda, in the Province of Matera, Basilicata region, southern Italy.
Madison Parish, Louisiana
Madison Parish (French: Paroisse de Madison) is a parish located on the northeastern border of the U.S. state of Louisiana, in the delta lowlands along the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,017. Its parish seat is Tallulah. It was created by the Louisiana legislature on January 19, 1838, from part of Concordia Parish and was organized by 1839.
 With a history of cotton plantations and pecan farms, the parish economy continues to be primarily agricultural. It has a majority African-American population. For years a ferry connected Delta, Louisiana (and traffic from the parish) to Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Vicksburg Bridge now carries U.S. Route 80 and Interstate 20 across the river into Madison Parish.

Interstate 20
Interstate 20 (I‑20) is a major east–west Interstate Highway in the Southern United States. I-20 runs 1,539 miles (2,477 km) beginning at an interchange with I-10 in Reeves County, Texas, 40 miles (64 km) east of Van Horn, Texas, and ending at an interchange with I-95 in Florence, South Carolina. Between Texas and South Carolina, I-20 runs through northern Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. The major cities that I-20 connects to include Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Shreveport, Louisiana; Jackson, Mississippi; Birmingham, Alabama; Atlanta, Georgia; and Columbia, South Carolina.

From its terminus at I-95, the highway continues about two miles (3.2 km) eastward into the city of Florence as I-20 Business (I-20 Bus.).
J. K. Bandoh
Joseph Kenneth Bandoh, FRCP, FWACP (1931–2014) was a Ghanaian physician. He was the director of medical services at the Ministry of Defence, and a former president of the West African College of Physicians. He was a fellow of the West African College of Physicians, and the Royal College of Physicians.

Bekwai
Bɛkwae (Bekwai) (/bækˈwaɪ/ ⓘ) is a town and the capital of the Bekwai Municipal, a municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Bekwai is the seventy-ninth most populous settlement in Ghana, with a population of 7,267 people as of 2013. Bekwai and Bekwai Municipal are south of Kumasi and north of Obuasi. As of 2021, the mayor of the municipal is Hon. Kwaku Kyei Baffour.
Hermon (hamlet), New York
Hermon is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 422 at the 2010 census.

The hamlet is in the northern part of the Town of Hermon and is southwest of Canton.  It was an incorporated village from 1887 to 2016.

Canton (village), New York
Canton is a village and county seat of St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The village is centrally located in both the town of Canton and the county of St. Lawrence. The population was 7,155 at the 2020 census. The name comes from the Chinese city of Canton (now Guangzhou).

The village of Canton provides many municipal services such as a fully functional village highway department, water and sewer department, volunteer fire department, court system and a police department along with other municipal agencies.
1971 Tour of Flanders
The 55th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling race in Belgium was held on Sunday 4 April 1971, and won by Dutchman Evert Dolman. It started in Ghent and finished in Gentbrugge, over a 268-km course. It was considered one of the weakest editions of the Tour of Flanders ever, causing organizers to restyle the route in subsequent years.

Gentbrugge
Gentbrugge (Dutch pronunciation: [ɣɛndˈbrʏɣə]; lit. 'Ghent Bridge') is a sub-municipality of the city of Ghent located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Ghent.
Richard Heath
Richard Heath (born August 9, 1955) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 2012 to 2025. He represented Kentucky's 2nd House district, which included Graves County and part of McCracken County.

McCracken County, Kentucky
McCracken County is a county located in the far west portion of U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,875. The county seat and only municipality is Paducah. McCracken County was the 78th county formed in the state, having been created in 1825. It is part of the historic Jackson Purchase, territory sold by the Chickasaw people to General Andrew Jackson and Governor Isaac Shelby; this territory was located at the extreme western end of Kentucky.

Paducah developed based on its "River and Rail" traffic. Steamboats, barges, and the Illinois Central Railroad were the basis of the economy into the late 20th century. In the 1920s, the Illinois Central built the largest operating, and maintenance base in the world here.

McCracken County is the central county of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ek Jagah Apni
Ek Jagah Apni (एक जगह अपनी, A Place of Our Own) is an Indian film in Hindi about two trans women, Laila and Roshni, who are evicted and looking for a new home. The pair of characters were portrayed by the trans actresses Manisha Soni and Muskan in their acting debut. The film was produced by Ektara Collective, which is based in Bhopal, India. It was screened at the Cannes Film Market, and later premiered at the International Film Festival of Kerala.

Marché du Film
The Marché du Film (transl. Film market), also called Cannes Film Market, is an annual marketplace for films and one of the world's largest film markets. Established in 1959, it is held annually in conjunction with the Cannes Film Festival.

In the 2020s, more than 12,500 film industry professionals annually present around 4,000 films and projects at Marché du Film, generating multi-million dollar deals and a total turnover of between $600,000 and $1 billion. Its main purpose is to bring together the different players from the audiovisual industry to make connections and discuss business opportunities such as collaborations and co-productions, financing, and distribution.
Grächwil
Grächwil is a hamlet of the municipality of Meikirch in the Swiss canton of Bern. A number of Hallstatt period artefacts have been found in Grächwil, including an imported bronze vessel known as the 'Grächwil Hydria', found in the princely tomb of a Celtic chieftain in 1851. The hydria is thought to originate from Laconia in Greece and its production is dated to ca. 600 BC, or the first half of the 6th century BC. The burial is dated to c. 500 BC.

Laconia
Laconia or Lakonia (Greek: Λακωνία, Lakonía, [lakoˈni.a]) is a historical and administrative region of Greece located on the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Since 2011, it has been administered as a regional unit, with Sparta as its capital. The word laconic—to speak in a blunt, concise way—is probably derived from the name of this region, a reference to the ancient Spartans who were renowned for their verbal austerity and blunt, often pithy remarks.
Torra di Solenzara
The Tower of Solenzara (Corsican: Torra di Solenzara) was a Genoese tower located in the commune of Sari-Solenzara on the east coast of the  Corsica. No trace of the tower survives.

The tower was one of a series of coastal defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates.

Sari-Solenzara
Sari-Solenzara (French pronunciation: [saʁi sɔlɛntsaʁ(a)]; Corsican: Sari è Sulinzara; formerly in French: Sari-di-Porto-Vecchio, Italian: Sari di Porto Vecchio, Corsican: Sari di Portivechju) is a commune and municipality in the French department of Corse-du-Sud, on the island of Corsica. It is delineated by several natural borders: the Tyrrhenian Sea to its east, the River Solenzara to its north, and to its west the Aiguilles de Bavella, a beautiful mountain at the heart of the island. A rural district, it essentially consists of two settlements: the larger seaside village of Solenzara, and the smaller hilltop village of Sari. Smaller outlying hamlets include Togna, Canella, Tarcu and Favona. Highly mountainous and forested, Sari-Solenzara falls partially within the Alta Rocca district of the Corsican Regional Nature Reserve.
L'Albiol
L'Albiol (Catalan pronunciation: [ləlβiˈɔl]) is a municipality in the comarca of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.

It has a population of 557 (register office, 2025) .

Within the town's municipal boundaries lie a part of the Prades Mountains. The 1791 church is dedicated to Saint Michael.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Nothing Great About Britain
Nothing Great About Britain is the debut studio album by British rapper Slowthai. It was released on 17 May 2019 via Method Records. The album features guest appearances from British rappers Jaykae and Skepta, as well as production credits from Kwes Darko, Mura Masa and punk rock band Slaves.

Nothing Great About Britain was released to widespread critical acclaim. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received a score of 82, based on 15 reviews.

Soft Play
Soft Play (stylised in all caps) are an English punk rock duo formed by Isaac Holman (lead vocals, drums) and Laurie Vincent (backing vocals, guitar, bass) in Royal Tunbridge Wells in 2012. They were known as Slaves until 2022, when they changed it and publicly apologized for its offensive reference to slavery.
Hugh E. Alexander
Hugh Edward Alexander (1884–1957) was a Scottish minister who worked mostly in Switzerland.

Alexander was trained in as a minister in Glasgow and highly influenced by Reuben A. Torrey, Dwight L. Moody and the Keswick movement, but also the 1904–1905 Welsh Revival.

He launched missions to Switzerland, and was the founder of the Geneva Bible Society, Geneva Bible School and Action Biblique.

He is the author of Manne du matin.

1904–1905 Welsh revival
The 1904–1905 Welsh revival was the largest Christian revival in Wales during the 20th century. It was one of the most dramatic in terms of its effect on the population, and triggered revivals in several other countries. The movement kept the churches of Wales filled for many years to come, seats being placed in the aisles in Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Swansea for twenty years or so, for example. Meanwhile, the Awakening swept the rest of Britain, Scandinavia, parts of Europe, North America, the mission fields of India and the Orient, Africa and Latin America. The Welsh revival has been traced as the root of the megachurches in the present era.
Heidelberg Artists Trail
The Heidelberg Artists Trail is a self-drive, cycling and walking trail that includes a series of 57 explanatory signs and boards situated in locations frequented by artists of the Heidelberg School. The signs display reproductions and descriptions of some of the most famous paintings, and are popular with school groups who have an interest in the arts and the natural environment. The trail winds for approximately 40 km through much of Jagajaga, including the municipalities of Banyule, Nillumbik and Manningham, through to the Yarra Valley and the Dandenong Ranges.

Division of Jagajaga
The Division of Jagajaga is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It is located in the north-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, and lies north of the Yarra River. As of 2025, the division contains the entire City of Banyule and parts of the Shire of Nillumbik and City of Whittlesea local government areas.

The area is predominantly residential and light industrial, and includes the Australian Army's Simpson Barracks, the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, the Mercy Hospital for Women and the Austin Hospital.

Four Legislative Assembly Districts are represented in the Division, namely Ivanhoe, Eltham, Bundoora, and Eildon. The Legislative Council Regions of North-Eastern Metropolitan and Northern Victoria are also represented.
Anthony Agius Decelis
Anthony Agius Decelis (born 24 October 1967) is a Maltese politician and gerontologist from the Labour Party. He served as a member of the Parliament of Malta for the Eleventh District from 2008 to 2022.

Labour Party (Malta)
The Labour Party (Maltese: Partit Laburista, PL), formerly known as the Malta Labour Party (Maltese: Partit tal-Ħaddiema, MLP), is the governing political party in Malta, and one of the two major parties alongside the Nationalist Party. It sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

The party was founded in 1921 as the Chamber of Labour by a small group of trade unionists. Ideologically, the party was orientated towards democratic socialism and other left-wing stances until the early 1990s, when it followed the lead of like-minded Western social-democratic parties like Britain's New Labour. The party still claims to be democratic-socialist in their party programme. Under the rule of Joseph Muscat, the party shifted to a more centrist position, adopting Third Way policies. A formerly Eurosceptic party, it claims to hold pro-European stances and is a member of the Party of European Socialists, and the Socialist International.
Looking into Light
Looking Into Light is an album by Joanne Hogg. It was released in 1999, and reissued in 2006 as Celtic Hymns.

The idea for Looking Into Light came from Hogg's father who was struck by the "When I Survey the Wondrous Cross" recording by Iona. He made the suggestion that Hogg should record a complete album of hymns. Until the sudden death of her mother in February 1997, the idea was given little thought. The choice of songs and hymns came from those familiar to the family, and the album was put together over the next year or so.

The recordings were engineered by Nigel Palmer at the following studios:

The Snooker Room, Ireland

Gemini Studios, Ipswich

Visions Of Albion, Yorkshire

Rod's Cellar, Yorkshire

When I Survey the Wondrous Cross
The hymn "When I Survey the Wondrous Cross" was written by Isaac Watts, and published in Hymns and Spiritual Songs in 1707. It is significant for being an innovative departure from the early English hymn style of only using paraphrased biblical texts, although the first couplet of the second verse paraphrases Galatians 6:14a and the second couplet of the fourth verse paraphrases Gal. 6:14b. The poetry of "When I survey…" may be seen as English literary baroque.
Brandenburg-Görden Prison
Brandenburg-Görden Prison is located on Anton-Saefkow-Allee in the Görden quarter of Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany. Erected between 1927 and 1935, it was built to be the most secure and modern prison in Europe. Both criminal and political prisoners were sent there, as well as people imprisoned for preventive detention or for interrogation and prisoners of war. Built with a capacity of 1,800, it sometimes held over 4,000 during the Nazi era. After the war, East Germany used the prison to incarcerate at least 170,000 people. Prisoners were used for labor, to make things such as tractors, kitchen furniture, uniforms and radiation suits, electric motors, shoes, and cars.

Preventive detention
Preventive detention is an imprisonment that is putatively justified for non-punitive purposes, most often to prevent further criminal acts.

Preventive detention sometimes involves the detention of a convicted criminal who has served their sentence but is considered too dangerous to release.

Remand or pre-trial detention and involuntary commitment are sometimes considered a form of preventive detention.