hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alle De Wolde
Alle De Wolde (born 27 December 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn in the VFL.

A back pocket specialist, De Wolde arrived at Hawthorn from Box Hill and was a member of Hawthorn's 1978 premiership side.  De Wolde was a handy reserves player for his final few years at the club along with other veterans like Turner, Wade, Goad and Moncrieff.

1978 VFL grand final
The 1978 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and North Melbourne Football Club at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 30 September 1978. It was the 82nd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1978 VFL season. The match, attended by 101,704 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 18 points, marking that club's fourth premiership victory.
Renate Pickardt
Caroline Renate Pickardt (5 September 1936 – 21 April 2024) was a German endocrinologist. The main focus of her scientific work was in the area of thyroid diseases (thyroidology). She published fundamental articles on functional thyroid disorders and the pathophysiology of goitre.

Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Pathology describes the abnormal or undesired condition (symptoms of a disease), whereas pathophysiology seeks to explain the functional changes that are occurring within an individual due to a disease or pathologic state.
National Games of India
The National Games of India (ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Khēla) consist of various disciplines in which athletes from the different states of India participate against each other. The country's first few Olympic Games, now renamed as National Games, were held in Lahore (now in Pakistan), Delhi, Allahabad, Patiala, Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.

Patiala
Patiala (Punjabi pronunciation: [pʌʈeɑ̈ːɭɑ]) is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak (the 'Blessed Castle') constructed by a chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.

In popular culture, the city remains famous for its traditional Patiala shahi turban (a type of headgear), paranda (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), Patiala salwar (a type of female trousers), jutti (a type of footwear) and Patiala peg (a measure of liquor). Patiala is also known as the Royal City and the Beautiful City.
Marc Surer
Marc Surer (born 18 September 1951) is a Swiss former racing driver and broadcaster, who competed in Formula One from 1979 to 1986.

Born in Arisdorf, Surer began kart racing aged 20. He moved to Germany in 1974 to compete in Formula Vee, as motor racing was banned in Switzerland following the 1955 Le Mans disaster. After finishing runner-up in the 1976 German Formula Three Championship, Surer progressed to European Formula Two, winning the title in 1979 with the BMW Junior Team. Making his Formula One debut at the Italian Grand Prix that year with Ensign, Surer signed for ATS in 1980. He participated in 88 Formula One Grands Prix, scoring 17 championship points.

European Formula Two Championship
The European Formula Two Championship was a Formula Two motor racing series that was held between 1967–84. The races were held across Europe, and were contested both by drivers aiming to compete in Formula One in the future as well as current Formula One drivers wishing to practice. The series was sanctioned by the FIA, motorsport's world governing body.

In order to prevent the series being dominated by Formula One drivers, the grading system was introduced where successful Formula One drivers and recent Formula Two champions were not eligible to score championship points if they competed in a round of the European Formula Two Championship.

Towards the end of the series' life, the number of entrants diminished and declining interest meant that it was replaced by the Formula 3000 class following the 1984 season.
Clearfield Farm
Clearfield Farm is a historic home located near Smyrna, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built about 1755 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, four bay brick dwelling with a gable roof.  It is one room deep and has gable end chimneys and dormers.  It was the home of John Clark (1761–1821), 20th Governor of Delaware.  At one time it housed administrative offices for the Department of Corrections.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Sharpe's Challenge
Sharpe's Challenge is a British TV film from 2006, usually shown in two parts, which is part of an ITV series based on Bernard Cornwell's historical fiction novels about the British soldier Richard Sharpe during the Napoleonic Wars. Contrary to most parts of the TV series, Sharpe's Challenge, as well as the follow-up Sharpe's Peril, is not based entirely on one of Cornwell's novels, but it uses and adapts some characters and storylines from Sharpe's Tiger (1997). Both are set in 1817, two years after Sharpe has retired as a farmer in Normandy, so chronologically they come after Sharpe's Assassin (1815) and before the final novel Sharpe's Devil (1820–21). Some of the events in the film are inspired by events in the first three novels of the series. In Sharpe's Challenge and Sharpe's Peril, Sharpe and his comrade in arms, Patrick Harper, have been temporarily called out of retirement and asked to go to India.

Sharpe's Devil
Sharpe's Devil is the twelfth  historical novel in the Richard Sharpe series written by Bernard Cornwell and published in 1992. The story is set in 1820, with Sharpe and Harper en route to Chile to find their old friend Blas Vivar. Along the way they encounter the exiled Napoleon Bonaparte and the Scottish former Royal Navy officer Lord Cochrane. Chronologically, this is the most recent book in the series, with all subsequent novels (as of 2025) depicting earlier events in Sharpe's career.
Andrew Huculiak
Andrew Huculiak is a Canadian musician and film director. His debut feature film Violent, released in 2014, won the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best British Columbia Film in 2014 and was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's year-end Canada's Top Ten list. The film also won several Leo Awards in 2015, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Screenplay.

His second feature film, Ash, was released in 2019.

As a musician, he is associated with the indie rock band We Are the City.

Leo Awards
The Leo Awards are the awards program for the British Columbia film and television industry. Held each May or June in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the Leo Awards were founded by the Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Foundation of British Columbia in 1999. Awards categories include but are not exclusive to live action, animated, adult dramatic, children's, documentary film, documentary television, feature films, short films.
Tabasco Road
Tabasco Road is a 1957 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on July 20, 1957, and stars Speedy Gonzales.

It was an Academy Award nominee for best short subject but it lost out to Birds Anonymous (a Merrie Melodies cartoon starring Tweety and Sylvester, the latter of whom is also often paired with Speedy Gonzales). The title is a pun on Tabasco (one of the thirty two federal entities of Mexico) and Erskine Caldwell's novel Tobacco Road (which was later adapted into a play and a movie).

Tweety
Tweety is a cartoon character, a yellow canary bird in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons. His characteristics are based on Red Skelton's famous "Junior the Mean Widdle Kid". He appeared in 46 cartoons during the golden age, made between 1942 and 1964.
Federal Polytechnic, Mubi attack
On the night of 1–2 October 2012, a group of armed men attacked a student residence of Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, eastern Nigeria, killing at least 25 men. The attackers used guns and machetes to kill 22 students and 3 other people.

Major attacks also occurred in Mubi in 2014, 2017 and 2018.

Machete
A machete (/məˈʃɛti/; Spanish pronunciation: [maˈtʃete]) is a broad blade originating from Central America. It is used either as an agricultural implement similar to an axe, or in combat like a long-bladed knife. The blade is typically 30 to 66 centimetres (12 to 26 in) long and usually under 3 millimetres (1⁄8 in) thick. In the Spanish language, the word is possibly a diminutive form of the word macho, which was used to refer to sledgehammers. Alternatively, its origin may be machaera, the name given by the Greeks and Romans to the falcata. It is the origin of the English language  equivalent term matchet, though this is rarely used. In much of the English-speaking Caribbean, such as Jamaica, Barbados, Guyana, Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago, the term cutlass is used for these agricultural tools.
Namakhvani Hydro Power Plant
Namakhvani Hydro Power Plant (Georgian: ნამოხვანი) will be a large power plant to be built in the Tskaltubo and Tsageri municipalities north of Kutaisi, Imereti region, Georgia and will have five turbines with a nominal capacity of 50 MW each having a total capacity of 250 MW.

Local population has concerns about safety of this dam.

Imereti
Imereti (Georgian: იმერეთი, pronounced [imeɾetʰi]) is a region of Georgia situated in the central-western part of the republic along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River. Imereti is the most populous region in Georgia. It consists of 11 municipalities and the city of Kutaisi, which is the capital of the region.
De Argüello
De Argüello (Spanish pronunciation: [de aɾˈɣweʎo]) is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fernando de Argüello (fl.1644–1647), Spanish soldier and Governor of New Mexico

Francisco José Gómez de Argüello y Wirtz, also known as Kiko Argüello (born 1939), Spanish artist and co-initiator of the Neocatechumenal Way

María Soledad Ortega de Argüello (1797–1874), Californio ranchera and socialite

María Soledad Ortega de Argüello
Doña María Soledad Ortega de Argüello (1797–1874) was a Californio ranchera and socialite. She inherited the vast Rancho de las Pulgas, which encompassed most of the southern half of the San Francisco Peninsula, stretching from San Mateo to Menlo Park.
2013 Malaysia Cup group stage
The 2013 Piala Malaysia group stage featured 16 teams.
The teams were drawn into fourth groups of four, and played each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The top two teams in each group advanced to the 2013 Piala Malaysia quarter finals.

Sime Darby F.C.
Sime Darby Football Club is a Malaysian football club which was backed by the Sime Darby Berhad, one of Malaysia's largest conglomerates. The team has won the Malaysia FAM Cup twice, most recently in 2017.
Maxim Kopf
Maxim Kopf (born Maximilian Kopf; 18 January 1892 – 6 July 1958) was an Austrian-American painter, graphic artist and sculptor. He worked in Prague and was a prominent figure of German cultural life in Czechoslovakia in the interwar period. He was initially strongly influenced by Expressionism and later primarily created works with biblical themes as well as city and landscape images. He is also called a cosmopolitan painter because he created his paintings in Germany, Czechoslovakia, France, Polynesia and the United States. He traveled extensively and visited Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Dalmatia, Bessarabia and Crimea, among other places.

Academy of Fine Arts in Prague
The Academy of Fine Arts in Prague (Czech: Akademie výtvarných umění v Praze; AVU) is an art college in Prague, Czech Republic. Founded in 1799, it is the oldest art college in the country. The school offers twelve master's degree programs and one doctoral program.
1916 Exeter by-election
The 1916 Exeter by-election was held on 7 August 1916.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Duke, becoming Chief Secretary for Ireland.  It was retained by Duke, who was unopposed due to the war-time electoral pact.

Exeter (UK Parliament constituency)
Exeter (/ˈɛksɪtər/ EK-sit-ər) is a constituency composed of the cathedral city and county town of Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Steve Race of the Labour Party.
The State vs. Radric Davis
The State vs. Radric Davis is the sixth studio album by American rapper Gucci Mane. It was released on December 8, 2009. The State vs. Radric Davis came after a slew of independent releases, mixtapes, and features over the prior few years. Productions from Polow da Don, Drumma Boy, Fatboi, Mannie Fresh, among others. Featured artists include Usher, Plies, Lil Wayne, Cam'ron, Soulja Boy, Rick Ross, Bun B, OJ da Juiceman, Wooh da Kid, Waka Flocka Flame, and Nicki Minaj. The iTunes deluxe version contains the EP, Wasted: The Prequel.

The album was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. It debuted at number 10 on the US Billboard 200, selling 90,000 copies in its first week, and was certified gold by the RIAA for sales exceeding 500,000 copies.

Bun B
Bernard James Freeman (born March 19, 1973), known professionally as Bun B, is an American rapper. He is best known as one half of the Southern rap duo UGK (Underground Kingz), which he formed in 1987 alongside Pimp C. Aside from his work with UGK, Bun B has released five solo albums, including 2010's Trill OG, which received the rare 5-mic rating from The Source.
Pamela Harris (politician)
Pamela Harris is a Democratic politician who was a member of the New York State Assembly representing the 46th Assembly District from 2015 to 2018, covering the neighborhoods of Bath Beach, Bay Ridge, Brighton Beach, Coney Island, Dyker Heights, and Seagate, in Brooklyn, until she resigned under a fraud indictment.

Harris pleaded guilty in June 2018 in federal court to two counts of wire fraud, one count of making false statements to the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and one count of witness tampering, after having been indicted in January following allegations she stole $25,000 in federal funds by falsely claiming that damage from Superstorm Sandy forced her from her Coney Island home.

Brighton Beach
Brighton Beach is a neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, within the greater Coney Island area along the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Brighton Beach is bounded by Coney Island proper at Ocean Parkway to the west, Manhattan Beach at Corbin Place to the east, Sheepshead Bay at the Belt Parkway to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south along the beach and boardwalk.

It is known for its high population of Russian-speaking immigrants, and as a summer destination for New York City residents due to its beaches along the Atlantic Ocean and its proximity to the amusement parks in Coney Island.

Brighton Beach is part of Brooklyn Community District 13, and its primary ZIP Code is 11235. It is patrolled by the 60th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Brighton Beach is represented by the New York City Council's 48th District.
The Tritonian Ring
The Tritonian Ring is a heroic fantasy novel written by L. Sprague de Camp as part of his Pusadian series. It was first published in the magazine Two Complete Science Adventure Books for Winter, 1951, and first appeared in book form in de Camp's collection The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales (Twayne, 1953). Its first publication as a stand-alone novel was as a paperback by Paperback Library in 1968; the first hardcover edition was from Owlswick Press in 1977. An E-book edition was published as The Tritonian Ring and Other Pasudian [sic] Tales by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint on September 29, 2011 as part of a general release of de Camp's works in electronic form.

It has also been translated into Italian, Dutch, German and Russian, and was listed in Michael Moorcock and James Cawthorn's Fantasy: The 100 Best Books.

George H. Scithers
George H. Scithers (May 14, 1929 – April 19, 2010) was an American science fiction fan, author and  editor.

A long-time member of the World Science Fiction Society, he published a fanzine starting in the 1950s, wrote short stories, and moved on to edit several prominent science fiction magazines, as well as a number of anthologies. As editor emeritus of Weird Tales, he lectured at the Library of Congress in 2008. Wildside Press published his most recent book, Cat Tales: Fantastic Feline Fiction, in 2008.
Konuško
Konuško (pronounced [kɔˈnuːʃkɔ]) is a small dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of Šmarje in the traditional region of Styria. With the division of Slovenia into statistical regions in 2007 the entire municipality was included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah
The Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾjɛ pɾi ˈjeːlʃax]; Slovene: Občina Šmarje pri Jelšah) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Šmarje pri Jelšah. Šmarje pri Jelšah became a municipality in 1994.
Platine Wars
The Platine Wars is a term used by Brazilian historiography to refer to a series of diplomatic and military conflicts along the 19th century between the Empire of Brazil and neighbouring countries in the Río de la Plata Basin.

These conflicts began in 1816, due to the intention of Prince Regent John of annexing the Banda Oriental (modern-day Uruguay) and pushing the Brazilian border to the left bank of the River Plate estuary.

The most notable wars in this period include:

Luso-Brazilian conquest of the Banda Oriental - 1816–1820

Cisplatine War - 1825–1828

Uruguayan Civil War - 1839–1851

Platine War - 1851–1852

Uruguayan War - 1864–1865

Paraguayan War - 1864–1870

Río de la Plata Basin
The Río de la Plata basin (Spanish: Cuenca del Plata, Portuguese: Bacia do Prata), more often called the River Plate basin in scholarly writings, sometimes called the Platine basin or Platine region, is the 3,170,000-square-kilometre (1,220,000 sq mi) hydrographical area in South America that drains to the Río de la Plata. It includes areas of southeastern Bolivia, southern and central Brazil, the entire country of Paraguay, most of Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Making up about one fourth of the continent's surface, it is the second largest drainage basin in South America (after the Amazon basin) and one of the largest in the world.

The main rivers of the La Plata basin are the Paraná River, the Paraguay River (the Paraná's main tributary), and the Uruguay River.
Pseudoeurycea amuzga
Pseudoeurycea amuzga, which has been given the common name of Sierra de Malinaltepec salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known only from Sierra de Malinaltepec, a part of Sierra Madre del Sur in the state of Guerrero.

Its natural habitats are mixed montane forests at elevations of 1,645–1,740 m (5,397–5,709 ft) above sea level. It has been found under rocks, in holes, and under the bark of trees. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by small-scale farming and wood extraction.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
1944 Tour of Flanders
The 28th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 2 April 1944. Belgian Rik van Steenbergen finished as first. Aged 19, he still is the youngest cyclist ever to win this Monument. Of the 103 starting cyclists, 34 reached the finish

Cycling monument
The Monuments are five classic cycle races generally considered to be the oldest, hardest, longest and most prestigious one-day events in men's road cycling, with distances between 240 and 300 km.

Each has a long history and specific individual characteristics. They are currently the one-day races in which most points can be earned in the UCI World Tour and the only 3rd categorized UCI races, only behind Grand Tour races; Tour de France (1st category) and Giro and Vuelta (both 2nd category). As of 2025, four of the five monuments hold women's races as part of the UCI Women's World Tour, with only Giro di Lombardia not having a women's race.

Eddy Merckx is by far the most successful monument rider with 19 wins in total. He is also one of two cyclists in history to win three monuments in one season, a feat he achieved in 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1975. Tadej Pogačar is the other rider to do this in 2025.
Spontaneous combustion
Spontaneous combustion or spontaneous ignition is a type of combustion which occurs by self-heating (increase in temperature due to exothermic internal reactions), followed by thermal runaway (self heating which rapidly accelerates to high temperatures) and finally, autoignition.  It is distinct from (but has similar practical effects to) pyrophoricity, in which a compound needs no self-heat to ignite. The correct storage of spontaneously combustible materials is extremely important, as improper storage is the main cause of spontaneous combustion. Materials such as coal, cotton, hay, and oils should be stored at proper temperatures and moisture levels to prevent spontaneous combustion.
Reports of spontaneous human combustion are not considered truly spontaneous, but due to external ignition.

Exothermic reaction
In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative." Exothermic reactions usually release heat. The term is often confused with exergonic reaction, which IUPAC defines as "... a reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change ΔG⚬ is negative." A strongly exothermic reaction will usually also be exergonic because ΔH⚬ makes a major contribution to ΔG⚬. Most of the spectacular chemical reactions that are demonstrated in classrooms are exothermic and exergonic. The opposite is an endothermic reaction, which usually takes up heat and is driven by an entropy increase in the system.