hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sumatran shortwing
The Sumatran shortwing (Brachypteryx saturata) is a species of bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the island of Sumatra in western Indonesia where it favours montane forest.

This species was formerly considered as a subspecies of the white-browed shortwing, now the Javan shortwing (Brachypteryx montana). The white-browed shortwing was split into five separate species based on the deep genetic difference between the populations coupled with the significant differences in plumage and vocalization.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
Habib Malik
Habib Malik is a retired associate professor of history and cultural studies at the Lebanese American University (LAU). His father Charles Malik was a leading figure in the drafting and adoption of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Plevna Chapel
The Plevna Chapel (in Russian Памятник героям Плевны, Pamyatnik geroyam Plevny, The Monument to Plevna heroes) is a public subscription monument to the Russian Grenadiers who died during the Siege of Plevna. It was opened on a square outside the Ilyinka Gate of the Walled City in Moscow on the 10th anniversary of the taking of Pleven (1887), in the presence of Field Marshal Nikolai Nikolayevich. The monument was designed by Vladimir Sherwood. Each side is decorated with a high relief plaque illustrating the exploits of the Grenadiers. The interior, now empty, once housed a set of bronze plaques listing 18 Grenadier officers and 542 soldiers who died at Plevna. An annual memorial service is held in front of the chapel on March 3 (the day of Bulgaria's liberation). In the Perestroika years, the surrounding park used to be notorious as a gay cruising ground.

Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (born 1831)
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Великий князь Николай Николаевич; 8 August 1831  –  25 April 1891) was the third son and sixth child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna. He may also be referred to as Nicholas Nikolaevich the Elder to tell him apart from his son, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929). Trained for the military, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878.
Gauliga Niedersachsen
The Gauliga Niedersachsen was the highest football league in the Prussian Province of Hanover and the German states of Bremen, Brunswick, Schaumburg-Lippe and Oldenburg from 1933 to 1945. Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Südhannover-Braunschweig, Ost-Hannover and Weser-Ems de facto replaced the Prussian province and the German states in the region of Lower Saxony (German:Niedersachsen), although de jure the old states continued to exist.

From 1942, the Gauliga Niedersachsen was split into two separate leagues, the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig and the Gauliga Weser-Ems. In turn, the Gauliga Osthannover was separated from the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig in 1943.

Bremen (state)
Bremen (German: [ˈbʁeːmən] ⓘ), officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen; Low German: Free Hansestadt Bremen), is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states. It is informally called Land Bremen ('State of Bremen'), although the term is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of Bremen and its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven, surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany.
Bangaru Thirumala Nayaka
Bangaru Thirumala Nayaka, also known as Bangaru Tirumala and Vangaru Thirumala (as per European Records and notes), was a member of Madurai Nayak royal family and Governor/Commander of the Madurai Nayak King Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha (1704–1731). His son, a young boy was adopted and crowned to the Madurai Throne, with the queen Meenakshi as queen regent, when the Madurai king died without heir. Strife between Bangaru Thirumala and queen Meenakshi would later erupt into many battles leading to the downfall of the dynasty. Later, through marriage alliances with the Sinhalese royalty, relatives of Bangaru Thirumala came to rule the Kandy kingdom in Sri Lanka. They ruled till 1815 when the last king, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha was deposed and taken captive by the British. He was exiled to Vellore Fort from Kandy.

Kandy
Kandy (Sinhala: මහනුවර, romanised: Mahanuwara [mahanuʋərə] ⓘ; Tamil: கண்டி, romanised: Kaṇṭi [ˈkaɳɖi] ⓘ) is a major city located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was the last capital of the Sinhalese monarchy from 1469 to 1818, under the Kingdom of Kandy. The city is situated in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau. Kandy is the administrative  capital of the Central Province, and considered as the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, due to its architectural heritage. Kandy is the home of the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), one of the most important places of the Buddhist world. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. Historically the local Buddhist rulers resisted Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial expansion and occupation.
Bachau
Bachau (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a small rural hamlet of about a dozen dwellings in Anglesey, North West Wales. Bachau is represented in the Senedd by Rhun ap Iorwerth (Plaid Cymru). In the House of Commons it is part of the Ynys Môn constituency.
It lies in the community of Llanerchymedd.

Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency)
Ynys Môn (Welsh pronunciation: [ˌənɨs ˈmoːn]; officially called Anglesey until 1983) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It is one of five 'protected constituencies' within the UK, with boundaries defined by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020 to be to those of Isle of Anglesey County Council where there must be a whole number of MPs rounded up to the nearest whole number with these boundaries.

The Ynys Môn Senedd constituency was created with the same boundaries in 1999 (as an Assembly constituency).

As of 2024, Ynys Môn is represented by Llinos Medi of Plaid Cymru.
2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 400 metres
The women's 400 metres at the 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships was held over three rounds at the Štark Arena in Belgrade, Serbia, on 18 and 19 March 2022.

The gold medal was won by Shaunae Miller-Uibo of the Bahamas in 50.31 seconds, the silver medal by Femke Bol of the Netherlands in 50.57 seconds and the bronze medal by Stephenie Ann McPherson of Jamaica in a national record of 50.79 seconds.

Belgrade Arena
The Belgrade Arena (Serbian: Београдска арена / Beogradska arena) is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Belgrade, Serbia. It is designed as a universal hall for sports, cultural events and other programs. The venue is used for several different sports events, such as basketball, futsal, handball, judo, table tennis, tennis, volleyball, and water polo competitions, as well as for concerts. The arena's capacity stands at 18,386. Also there is a small hall with underground tuminel for warming while the total floor area stands at 48,000 m2 (520,000 sq ft).
The Belgrade Arena was formerly a member of the European Arenas Association (EAA).
Euura herbaceae
Euura herbaceae is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) and polar willow (Salix polaris). Galls of E. aquilonis are similar and the larvae need to be examined to tell them apart.

Salix polaris
Salix polaris, the polar willow, is a species of willow with a circumpolar distribution in the high arctic tundra, extending north to the limits of land, and south of the Arctic in the mountains of Norway, the northern Ural Mountains, the northern Altay Mountains, Kamchatka, and British Columbia, Canada.
Unambiguous acquisition
Unambiguous acquisition is the acquisition of GNSS signals that present ambiguities in their autocorrelation function, namely the signals that are modulated with a modulation belonging to the Binary Offset Carrier modulation class.

Unambiguous acquisition methods have been widely studied, for example in Martin et al. (2003) and Heiries et al. (2004).

Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation, sometimes known as serial correlation in the discrete time case, measures the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself. Essentially, it quantifies the similarity between observations of a random variable at different points in its domain (which for this article is time). The analysis of autocorrelation is a mathematical tool for identifying repeating patterns or hidden periodicities within a signal obscured by noise. Autocorrelation is widely used in signal processing, time domain and time series analysis to understand the behavior of data over time.

Different fields of study define autocorrelation differently, and not all of these definitions are equivalent. In some fields, the term is used interchangeably with autocovariance.

Various time series models incorporate autocorrelation, such as unit root processes, trend-stationary processes, autoregressive processes, and moving average processes.
N-Methylhydroxylamine
N-Methylhydroxylamine or methylhydroxylamine is a hydroxylamine derivative with a methyl group replacing one of the hydrogens of the amino group. It is an isomer of methoxyamine and aminomethanol. It decomposes in an exothermic reaction (-63 kJ/mol) into methane and azanone unless stored as a hydrochloride salt.

The compound is commercially available as its hydrochloride salt. This can be produced by electrochemical reduction of nitromethane in hydrochloric acid using a copper anode and a graphite cathode.

Nitroxyl
Nitroxyl (common name) or azanone (IUPAC name) is the chemical compound HNO. It is well known in the gas phase. Nitroxyl can be formed as a short-lived intermediate in solution. Its conjugate base, NO−, the nitroxide anion, is the reduced form of nitric oxide (NO) and is isoelectronic with dioxygen. The bond dissociation energy of H−NO is 49.5 kcal/mol (207 kJ/mol), which is unusually weak for a bond to the hydrogen atom.
Get Yourself High
"Get Yourself High" is a 2003 single by The Chemical Brothers. It features Canadian rapper k-os and appeared as a bonus track on their collection Singles 93–03. A music video featuring footage from a martial arts film accompanied the song. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording, but lost to "Toxic" by Britney Spears.

The Chemical Brothers
The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo formed by Ed Simons and Tom Rowlands in Manchester in 1992. They were pioneers in bringing the big beat genre to the forefront of pop culture.

Originally known as The Dust Brothers, they changed their name due to the existence of another band with the same name. Their first album Exit Planet Dust sold over one million copies and debuted at No. 9 on the UK Albums Chart. After attracting Virgin Records, the duo achieved further success with their second album Dig Your Own Hole (1997), which topped the UK chart. They have had six No. 1 albums and 13 top-20 singles in the UK, including two chart-toppers. They have won six Grammy Awards, including Best Rock Instrumental Performance, Best Dance Recording, and Best Dance/Electronic Album.
Communazi
"Communazi" is an American political neologism, "coined by a reporter" and made popular by Time (first September 11, 1939) days after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov). It implied that both Communism and Nazism were one and the same because they were essentially totalitarian, whether left or right in belief. It continues to receive mention, largely in its historical context, to the present.

Joseph P. Kamp
Joseph P. Kamp (May 3, 1900 – June 7, 1993) was a German American political activist from New York who ran the Constitutional Educational League and was jailed in 1950 for contempt of Congress. He was known for his pro-Nazi activities before the U.S. entered World War II, and for his antisemitic views.
Neox Fan Awards
The Neox Fan Awards were presented annually between 2012 and 2015 by Spanish media group Atresmedia in association with The Coca-Cola Company, with Fanta being the main sponsor of the awards. The aim was to create awards dedicated to the teenage audience in a similar style to that of the MTV Video Music Awards or Fox's Teen Choice Awards. The show was aired on Atresmedia's teen-oriented channel Neox.

Atresmedia
40°33′18″N 3°37′05″W﻿ / ﻿40.555°N 3.618°W﻿ / 40.555; -3.618

Atresmedia Corporación de Medios de Comunicación, S.A., previously Grupo Antena 3, is a Spanish media group, present in the television, radio and filmmaking industries. Significant shareholders include Grupo Planeta and Bertelsmann via RTL Group.

On 6 March 2013, Grupo Antena 3 was renamed Atresmedia, thereby Antena 3 de Televisión changed to Atresmedia Televisión.
William Henry Stephenson
Sir William Henry Stephenson, KCB (1811 – 1 March 1898) was an English civil servant.

Born in 1811, Stephenson was the son of General Sir Benjamin Charles Stephenson, GCH, by his wife, Maria, daughter of the Rev. Sir Peter Rivers. He was a page of honour to George IV at his coronation in 1820. In 1827, he entered HM Treasury as a clerk. He was private secretary to the prime minister, Sir Robert Peel, from 1841 to 1847. In 1862, William Gladstone appointed him chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue, in which office he remained until 1877. Though retired, he remained on the Commutation Board until 1897. He was elected to Middlesex County Council when it was created in 1889.

Stephenson was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1871. He died on 1 March 1898 at his home in Uxbridge. He had married in 1838 Julia Elizabeth, daughter of William Richard Hamilton; she had died in 1883.

Page of Honour
A Page of Honour is a ceremonial position in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. It requires attendance on state occasions, but does not now involve the daily duties which were once attached to the office of page. The only physical activity involved is usually carrying the long train of the Sovereign's robes. This position is distinct from that of a page in the Royal Household, which is the senior rank of uniformed staff.

Pages of Honour participate in major ceremonies involving the British monarch, including coronations and the State Opening of Parliament. It is usually a distinction granted to teenage sons of members of the nobility and gentry, and especially of senior members of the Royal Household.
East Polden Grasslands
East Polden Grasslands (grid reference ST474325) is a 124 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the Polden Hills in Somerset, notified in 1999.

This site has typical examples of species-rich, unimproved, calcareous grassland with scrub, and amongst the many plant species found in this habitat is the early gentian (Gentianella anglica), which is endemic to Britain. Its other main interest lies in its suitability as a habitat for the large blue butterfly (Phengaris arion), which has been successfully reintroduced onto the site. There are two nationally scarce grasshopper species present; rufous grasshopper (Gomphocerippus rufus) and woodland grasshopper (Omocestus rufipes). Several nationally scarce species of moth, beetle, bee and ant also occur.

Polden Hills
The Polden Hills in Somerset, England, are a long, low ridge, extending for 10 miles (16 km), and separated from the Mendip Hills, to which they are nearly parallel, by a marshy tract known as the Somerset Levels. They are now bisected at their western end by the M5 motorway and a railway, the Bristol and Exeter Railway, part of the Great Western Main Line.
Canton of Rive-de-Gier
The canton of Rive-de-Gier is a French administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 10 to 11 communes:

Châteauneuf

Dargoire

Farnay

La Grand-Croix

Lorette

Genilac

Rive-de-Gier

Saint-Joseph

Saint-Martin-la-Plaine

Saint-Paul-en-Jarez

Tartaras

Châteauneuf, Loire
Châteauneuf (French pronunciation: [ʃɑtonœf]) is a commune in the Loire department in central France, midway between Saint-Etienne and Lyon on the A-47 motorway.

Châteauneuf is home to one of the units of ArcelorMittal subsidiary Industeel France.
Flavius Antiochianus (praetorian prefect)
Flavius Antiochianus (died March 222) was a Roman eques who flourished during the reign of the emperor Septimius Severus and his sons. He was appointed to a series of imperial offices, most importantly praetorian prefect under the Roman emperor Elagabalus.

Antiochianus served as a prefect of one auxiliary cohort in Germania Superior in 211, and subsequently of another in Mauretania Caesariensis. He returned to Rome to serve as a praetorian prefect before 222, the year Elagabalus was assassinated. According to the Historia Augusta, Antiochianus defended Elagabalus against praetorians who were intent on killing him, confronting the soldiers searching for the emperor in the Gardens of Spes Vetus, reminding them of their oath to the emperor and persuading them not to kill him. He may have been one of the associates of Elagabalus murdered in the wake of the emperor's death.

His son, also called Flavius Antiochianus, was prominent during the reigns of several later Emperors.

Equites
The equites (/ˈɛkwɪtiːz/; lit. 'horse'  or 'cavalrymen', though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property/social-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class. A member of the equestrian order was known as an eques (Latin: [ˈɛ.kʷɛs]).
William McDonald (Canadian politician)
William McDonald (October 7, 1837 – July 4, 1916) was a Canadian politician.

Born at the Settlement of River Deny's Road, Inverness, Nova Scotia, the son of Mary McDonald and Allan McDonald, who emigrated from South Uist, Scotland, McDonald was educated at St. Francois Xavier College, Antigonish, Nova Scotia.

A merchant, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for Cape Breton in the 1872 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1874, 1878, and 1882. In 1884, he was called to the Senate on the advice of John Alexander Macdonald representing the senatorial division of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He served for almost 44 years as a member of parliament and senator until his death in 1916.

The intersection of Main, Union and Commercial streets in downtown Glace Bay is named "Senator's Corner" in his honour.

South Uist
South Uist (Scottish Gaelic: Uibhist a Deas, [ˈɯ.ɪʃtʲ ə ˈtʲes̪] ⓘ; Scots: Sooth Uist) is the second-largest island of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland. At the 2022 census it had a usually resident population of 1,650, a decrease of 104 since 2011. The island, in common with the rest of the Hebrides, is one of the last remaining strongholds of the Gaelic language in Scotland. South Uist's inhabitants are known in Gaelic as Deasaich (Southerners). The population is about 90% Roman Catholic.

The island is home to a nature reserve and a number of sites of archaeological interest, including the only location in the British Isles where prehistoric mummies have been found. In the northwest, there is a missile testing range. In 2006 South Uist, together with neighbouring Benbecula and Eriskay, was involved in Scotland's biggest-ever community land buyout by Stòras Uibhist. The group also owns the "biggest community wind farm in Scotland", Lochcarnan, on South Uist which opened in 2013.
Zhao Xin (Jin dynasty)
Zhao Xin (died 301), courtesy name Heshu, was a military general and rebel of the Jin dynasty (266–420). A relative of Empress Jia Nanfeng, Zhao Xin rebelled and attempted to establish independence in Yi province after she was overthrown by the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun in May 300. During his rebellion, he allied himself with Li Xiáng and the six commanderies refugees (六郡民流) of Guanzhong, but his suspicion led to his execution of Li Xiáng in 301. In retaliation, Li Xiáng's brothers, Li Te and Li Liu led their armies to attack Zhao Xin at Chengdu, causing him to flee; he was later killed by a subordinate.

Yizhou (Southwest China)
Yizhou (益州), Yi Province or Yi Prefecture, was a zhou (province) of ancient China. Its capital city was Chengdu. During the Han dynasty, it included the commanderies Hanzhong, Ba, Guanghan, Shu, Wenshan, Jianwei, Zangke, Yuexi, Yizhou and Yongchang. It was bordered in the north by Liang Province and Yong Province. At its greatest extent, Yi covered present-day central and eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Shaanxi and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou.
Nexon Computer Museum
The Nexon Computer Museum (Korean: 넥슨컴퓨터박물관) is a museum in Jeju City in South Korea. Opening on 27 July 2013, it is one of the first permanent museums in Korea that is dedicated to the history of computers and video games.

As of 2017, the museum houses 6,900 items, including personal computers, video game consoles, arcades, and software. The museum's supporters include institutions such as Computerspielemuseum Berlin and International Center for the History of Electronic Games, and companies such as Nexon, Softmax, Gamevil, Oculus VR, Thalmic Labs, Take-Two Interactive, and Sony Computer Entertainment. The museum's goals include collecting, preserving, and exhibiting historic digital artifacts.

Jeju City
Jeju City (Korean: 제주시, romanized: Jeju-si; Korean pronunciation: [tɕe̞.dʑu]) is the capital of the Jeju Province in South Korea and the largest city on Jeju Island. The city is served by Jeju International Airport (IATA code CJU).

Located on an island off the Korean Peninsula, Jeju has mild, warm weather during much of the year (September 79°
October 70°
November 61°
December 51°)  The city is a well-known resort, with prestigious hotels and public casino facilities. In 2011, 9.9 million passengers flew between the two cities of Seoul and Jeju, making the Gimpo–Jeju route the world's busiest passenger air route.

Jeju welcomes over ten million visitors every year, mainly from the South Korean mainland, Japan, and China. The population of Jeju City is 486,604 people and 225,139 households (244,468 men and 245,136 women, May 2024). The population density is 503.18 (per square km, 2020).