hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bhojowal
Bhojowal is a census town in the Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is situated 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Jalandhar, 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Phagwara, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from the district headquarters Hoshiarpur, and 148 kilometres (92 mi) from the state capital Chandigarh. The village is governed by a sarpanch, who is an elected representative of the village as per the Panchayati Raj system in India.

Hoshiarpur
Hoshiarpur (Punjabi: [ɦʊʃɪˈaːɾpʊɾ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Hoshiarpur district in the Doaba region of the Indian state of Punjab. It was founded, according to tradition, during the early part of the fourteenth century. In 1809, it was occupied by the forces of Maharaja Karanvir Singh and was united into the greater state of Punjab in 1849.

Hoshiarpur has an average elevation of 296 metres (971 ft). Hoshiarpur district is located in the north-east part of the Indian state of Punjab. It falls in the Jalandhar Revenue Division and is situated in the Bist Doab portion of the Doaba region. Hoshiarpur shares a boundary with Kangra district, and Una district of Himachal Pradesh in the northeast. In the southwest, it borders Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district, Jalandhar district, and Kapurthala district, and in the northwest it borders Gurdaspur district.
Lazar Mamula
Lazar Mamula (22 May 1795 – 12 January 1878) was an Austro-Hungarian general and governor of Dalmatia. Of Serbian ancestry, he is today often associated with the contentious Prevlaka peninsula where he constructed a fort on the slip of land overlooking the Gulf of Kotor and his active association with other Slavic leaders in the Habsburg monarchy at the time.

Military Order of Maria Theresa
The Military Order of Maria Theresa (German: Militär-Maria-Theresien-Orden; Hungarian: Katonai Mária Terézia-rend; Czech: Vojenský řád Marie Terezie; Polish: Wojskowy Order Marii Teresy; Slovene: Vojaški red Marije Terezije; Croatian: Vojni red Marije Terezije) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Kitoi Bay Seaplane Base
Kitoi Bay Seaplane Base (IATA: KKB, FAA LID: KKB) is a public use seaplane base owned by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and located in Kitoi Bay, in the Kodiak Island Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Scheduled passenger service to Kodiak, Alaska, is subsidized by the United States Department of Transportation via the Essential Air Service program.

Alaska Department of Fish and Game
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) is a department within the government of Alaska.  ADF&G's mission is to protect, maintain, and improve the fish, game, and aquatic plant resources of the state, and manage their use and development in the best interest of the economy and the well-being of the people of the state, consistent with the sustained yield principle.  ADF&G manages approximately 750 active fisheries, 26 game management units, and 32 special areas. From resource policy to public education, the department considers public involvement essential to its mission and goals. The department is committed to working with tribes in Alaska and with a diverse group of State and Federal agencies. The department works cooperatively with various universities and nongovernmental organizations in formal and informal partnership arrangements, and assists local research or baseline environmental monitoring through citizen science programs.
116th Mobile Brigade Combat Team
The 116th Mobile Brigade Combat Team is an infantry brigade combat team currently assigned to the Virginia Army National Guard, formerly known as the 1st Brigade, 29th Infantry Division; it is the largest command of the Virginia Army National Guard with an authorized strength of 3,400. The brigade is headquartered in Staunton, Virginia, at the Thomas Howie Memorial Armory, and is nicknamed the Stonewall Brigade in honor of its association with the 116th Infantry Regiment, tracing its lineage back to elements of an American Civil War Confederate brigade of the same name led by General Stonewall Jackson.

Thomas D. Howie
Major Thomas Dry Howie (April 12, 1908 – July 17, 1944) was a United States Army infantry officer and battalion commander in the 29th Infantry Division who was killed in action during the Battle of Normandy in World War II while leading his unit in an effort to capture the strategic French town of Saint-Lô. He became immortalized as "The Major of St. Lo".
Gérard Hallet
Gérard Hallet (born 4 March 1946) is a retired French footballer. He played for Montluçon, Paris SG, Paris FC and Auxerre. Hallet played for and captained the France national amateur football team, scoring a goal for them in an Olympic qualification match against Iceland in June 1971.

Hallet was among the Auxerre squad which finished as runners up in the 1979 Coupe de France final, for which the squad was honoured by the city of Auxerre 40 years after.

Montluçon Football
Montluçon Football is a French football club based in Montluçon. They compete in Régional 1, the sixth tier of French football.

The club was formerly known as Étoile des Sports Montluçonnais Football from 1934 to 2011 before dissolving due to financial issues. It was reformed in that same year as Ilets Étoile Football Montluçon before taking its current name of Montluçon Football in 2014.
Civil Service Institute
The Civil Service Institute (Somali: Machadka Shaqaalaha Dawladda, Arabic: معهد الخدمة المدنية, CSI) is a public institute located in Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland. The institution was founded in 2005. The current president of the institute is Omer Eid Qalonbi. The institute was primarily aimed to develop and improve the capacity of public institutions and to discharge an effective and equitable public service delivery to the public.

Institute
An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body.

In some countries, institutes can be part of a university or other institutions of higher education, either as a group of departments or an autonomous educational institution without a traditional university status such as a "university institute", or institute of technology. In some countries, such as South Korea and India, private schools are sometimes referred to as institutes; also, in Spain, secondary schools are referred to as institutes.

Historically, in some countries, institutes were educational units imparting vocational training and often incorporating libraries, also known as mechanics' institutes.

The word "institute" comes from the Latin word institutum ("facility" or "habit"), in turn derived from instituere ("build", "create", "raise" or "educate").
North Carolina General Assembly of 1779
The North Carolina General Assembly of 1779 met in three sessions in three locations in the years 1779 and 1780. The first session was held in Smithfield from May 3 to May 15, 1779; the second session in Halifax, from October 18 to November 10, 1779; the third and final session in New Bern, from January to February, 1780.

Each of the 50 North Carolina counties was authorized by the North Carolina Constitution of 1776 to elect one Senator and two members of the House of Commons.  In addition, six districts (also called boroughs) were authorized to elect one House member each.  Richard Caswell was elected governor by the legislature.

Richard Caswell
Richard Caswell (August 3, 1729 – November 10, 1789) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the first and fifth governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1776 to 1780 and from 1785 to 1787. He also served as a senior officer of militia in the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War. As a delegate to the First Continental Congress, he was a signatory of the 1774 Continental Association.
T. H. Mathis House
The T. H. Mathis House, at 612 Church St. in Rockport, Texas, is a historic Greek Revival-style house built in 1867.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.  The residence was long owned by the same family.

It is a one-story five-bay framed cottage on a raised basement, and is a "very refined" late example of Greek Revival style.  Its piano nobile (raised main floor) is approached "by a flaired staircase which intensifies the dramatic effect of the raised entrance. The entrance portico is supported by two pairs of square fluted wooden columns on a plinth base with finely molded capitals. The pilasters at the juncture of the portico and the main block of the house repeat the design of the columns, as do the corner pilasters on the east or main facade."  Its entry doorway has sidelights and a transom.

The house was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey.

Rockport, Texas
Rockport is a city and county seat of Aransas County, Texas, United States. The population was 10,070 at the 2020 census.

Rockport is adjacent to the town of Fulton, and many refer to the combined communities as "Rockport-Fulton"; however, Rockport and Fulton are legally separate municipalities.
John C. McAvoy
John Creighton McAvoy (November 15, 1905 – February 21, 1995) was an American college football player and coach.

McAvoy played varsity football for the Dartmouth Big Green football team from 1925 through 1927 (including the undefeated 1925 team), and was a member of the class of 1928. He served as the head football coach at Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, from 1931 to 1937, compiling a record of 26–26–10. McAvoy died in 1995 at age 89; he was survived by one son and three daughters.

Ursinus College
Ursinus College is a private liberal arts college in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded in 1869 and occupies a 170-acre (0.69 km2)  campus. Ursinus College's forerunner was the Freeland Seminary founded in 1848. It enrolls about 1,500 undergraduate students.
Vekoma
Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Dutch amusement ride manufacturer. Vekoma is a syllabic abbreviation of Veld Koning Machinefabriek (Veld Koning Machine Factory) which was established in 1926 by Hendrik op het Veld.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Saint Roch Interceding with the Virgin for the Plague-Stricken
Saint Roch Interceding with the Virgin for the Plague-Stricken is an early religious painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David. It shows Saint Roch interceding to the Virgin Mary and Christ Child for the plague sufferers shown around him. He painted it in 1780 during his stay at the Villa Medici in Rome after winning first prize for painting in the Prix de Rome (before his Portrait of count Stanislas Potocki) and exhibited it at the Salon of 1781 at the Louvre on his return to France. While in Rome he was much influenced by the works of Caravaggio, Poussin, Guercino and Lebrun. He was determined not to be seduced by the Italian baroque style, declaring "the Antique will not seduce me, it lacks animation, it does not move". Nevertheless, he filled twelve sketchbooks with drawings while he was in Rome, and he and his studio used them as models for the rest of his life.

Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome (pronounced [pʁi də ʁɔm]) or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Inter Kashi FC (women)
Inter Kashi FC Women, commonly referred to as Inter Kashi Women, was a women's football club based in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. It is the women's football section of Inter Kashi FC. They debuted in 2024-25 season of Indian Women's League 2, the second division of women's premier football league structure in India. It was the first women professional club from Uttar Pradesh to play in a national level women's league of the country. The club was in collaboration with Spanish club Atlético Madrid and Andorran clubs Inter Escaldes and FC Andorra. Due to financial irregularities regarding concerns of Court of Arbitration for Sport's appeal, the club has ceased its women team after their inaugural year and will remain suspended till further notice.

Football team
A football team is a group of players selected to play together in the various team sports known as football. Such teams could be selected to play in a match against an opposing team, to represent a football club, group, state or nation, an all-star team or even selected as a hypothetical team (such as a dream team or team of the century) and never play an actual match.

The difference between a football team and a football club is incorporation, a football club is an entity which is formed and governed by a committee and has members which may consist of supporters in addition to players. The benefit of club formation is that it gives teams access to additional volunteer or paid support staff, facilities and equipment.
Allison Littlejohn
Allison Littlejohn, FHEA, is Professor of Learning Technology at University College London. She is a director of University College London's knowledge lab and an expert in learning sciences, specialising in professional and digital learning.

Digital learning
Digital learning can be defined as a process of learning that is mediated, or supported, by digital technologies. These have different forms, including online learning, mobile learning, blended learning, and any educational software and available resources used in teaching and learning. The main aim of digital learning is to utilize technology to enhance accessibility, flexibility, and individualization of learning.
Ricohombre
The ricohombre (a magnate, literally, a Spanish word for "richman") or ricahombría, was a high ranking nobility title in mediaeval kingdoms on the territories of modern Spain and Portugal, replaced by a title of grandee in the late 14th-early 15th century. The ricoshombres, established during the Reconquista (the first document with the term, the charter of Santarém, Portugal, is dated 1179), were supposed to be advisers to the rulers. The transition from ricoshombres to grandees occurred between 1390 and 1530 as the new "noble oligarchy" replaced the old one due to the change of power base caused by the conflict between infantes of Aragon and the supporters of John II of Castile with his favorite Álvaro de Luna. Alfonso de Cartagena in his Doctrinal de los caballeros (c. 1441–1444), while discussing the grandees, states that the previous term ricohombre is "old-fashioned".

Alfonso de Cartagena
Alfonso de Santa María de Cartagena (variants: Alfonso de Carthagena, Alonso de Cartagena; 1384 in Burgos – 1456 in Villasandino) was a Jewish convert to Christianity, a Roman Catholic bishop, diplomat, historian and writer of Renaissance Spain.
Jehal ke Sanadi
Jehal ke Sanadi (Bhojpuri: 𑂔𑂵𑂯𑂪 𑂍𑂵 𑂮𑂢𑂠𑂱 ; IAST: Jehal ke Sanadi) is a Bhojpuri book by Awadh Bihari Suman which was first published in 1948. It was the first collection of short stories in Bhojpuri. It contains ten short stories based on different themes.

Short story collection
A short story collection is a book of short stories and/or novellas by a single author. A short story collection is distinguished from an anthology of fiction, which would contain work by several authors (e.g., Les Soirées de Médan). The stories in a collection may or may not share a tone, theme, setting, or characters with one another.
RT-23 Molodets
The RT-23 Molodets (Russian: РТ-23 УТТХ «Мо́лодец», lit. "brave man" or "fine fellow"; NATO reporting name: SS-24 Scalpel) was a cold-launched, three-stage, solid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile developed and produced before 1991 by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Dnipro, Ukraine (ex-Soviet Union.) It came in silo- and rail-based variants, and was armed with 10 MIRV warheads (GRAU index: 15Ф444) of 550 kt yield. All missiles were decommissioned by 2005 in accordance with the START II.

TNT equivalent
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. A ton of TNT equivalent is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). It is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (megagram) of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released.
This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy.
A related concept is the physical quantity TNT-equivalent mass (or mass of TNT equivalent), expressed in the ordinary units of mass and its multiples: kilogram (kg), megagram (Mg) or tonne (t), etc.
Simion Cuțov
Simion Cuțov (7 May 1952 – 1993) was a lightweight boxer from Romania who won the European amateur title in 1973 and 1975. He competed at the 1974 World Championships and 1976 and 1980 Olympics and won silver medals in 1974 and 1976. In 1974, he won a gold medal at the Balkan Games. He retired with a record of 20 losses out of 155 bouts. His elder brother Calistrat was also an Olympic boxer.

Balkan Athletics Championships
The Balkan Athletics Championships or Balkan Games (Greek: Βαλκανικοί Αγώνες) is a regional athletics competition held between nations from the Balkans as well as other associated states, and organized by the Association of the Balkan Athletics Federations. The first games were held in Athens in 1929, and the most recent were being held in İzmir in 2024.
Ronth
Ronth (transl. Patrol) is a 2025 Indian Malayalam crime thriller film written and directed by Shahi Kabir and produced by Vineet Jain, Rathish Ambat, Renjith EVM, and Jojo Jose, under Junglee Pictures and Festival Cinemas. It stars Dileesh Pothan and Roshan Mathew in the lead roles. The film is a spiritual successor to and set in the same creative universe as 2021 film Nayattu.

Vineet Jain
Vineet Jain (born 1966) is an Indian entrepreneur and current Managing Director of Bennett, Coleman & Co. Limited (B.C.C.L.), India's oldest and largest media group in India , also known as The Times Group.
Unified Medical Language System
The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a compendium of many controlled vocabularies in the biomedical sciences (created 1986). It provides a mapping structure among these vocabularies and thus allows one to translate among the various terminology systems; it may also be viewed as a comprehensive thesaurus and ontology of biomedical concepts. UMLS further provides facilities for natural language processing. It is intended to be used mainly by developers of systems in medical informatics.

UMLS consists of Knowledge Sources (databases) and a set of software tools.

The UMLS was designed and is maintained by the US National Library of Medicine, is updated quarterly and may be used for free. The project was initiated in 1986 by Donald A.B. Lindberg, M.D., then Director of the Library of Medicine, and directed by Betsy Humphreys.

Controlled vocabulary
A controlled vocabulary provides a way to organize knowledge for subsequent retrieval. Controlled vocabularies are used in subject indexing schemes, subject headings, thesauri, taxonomies and other knowledge organization systems. Controlled vocabulary schemes mandate the use of predefined, preferred terms that have been preselected by the designers of the schemes, in contrast to natural language vocabularies, which have no such restriction.
Woody Paige
Woodrow Wilson Paige Jr. (born June 27, 1946)  is a sports columnist for The Gazette, author, and was a panelist on the ESPN talk show Around the Horn until the show ended in 2025. He was a columnist for The Denver Post for 35 years, and co-host of Cold Pizza and its spin-off show 1st and 10 until November 2006, when it was announced that Paige would return to the Post. Paige is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame committee and is a Baseball Hall of Fame voter.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Homeboy Industries
Homeboy Industries is a youth program founded in 1992 by Father Greg Boyle following the work of the Christian base communities at Dolores Mission Church in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles. The program is intended to assist high-risk youth, former gang members and the recently incarcerated with a variety of free programs, such as mental health counseling, legal services, tattoo removal, curriculum and education classes, work-readiness training, and employment services.

Youth program
Youth programs are particular activities designed to involve people between the ages of 10 and 25. Activities included are generally oriented towards youth development through recreation, social life, prevention, intervention, or education. During youth programs participants might be involved in sports, religion, community service, youth activism, youth service, or outdoor education. Topics covered include youth empowerment, consumer rights, youth-led media, and youth rights.

Youth program focuses and activities generally depend on the location, culture, class, education, and ideals of the individuals and organizations involved. These programs are offered by government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and businesses around the world.
Elmer S. Gish School
Elmer S. Gish School (formally known as Elmer S. Gish Elementary/Junior High School) is an Elementary-Junior High school located in St. Albert, Alberta, Canada. The school has been in operation since 1981 and was named after a St. Albert educator. The school is part of St. Albert Public Schools.

The school is a double-track school, offering Kindergarten to Grade 9 in the Cogito program, and Kindergarten to Grade 6 for the global program. The current principal is Derek Harrison, and the Assistant Principals are Adam Rurka and Sue Werner.

Tracking (education)
Tracking is separating students by what is assessed as academic ability into groups for all subjects or certain classes and curriculum within a school. Track assignment is typically based on academic ability, other factors often influence placement. It may be referred to as streaming or phasing in some schools. In a tracking system, the entire school population is assigned to classes according to whether the students' overall achievement is above average, normal, or below average.  Students attend academic classes only with students whose overall academic achievement is the same as their own. Tracking generally applies to comprehensive schools, while selective school systems assign the students to different schools.

Students with special educational needs may be tracked into a self-contained classroom or a separate special school, rather than being included in a mixed-ability class.