hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toby Green
Toby Green FBA is a British historian of inequality. He is also a professor of Precolonial and Lusophone African History and Culture at King's College, London. He obtained his Doctor of Philosophy in African studies at the University of Birmingham. He is chair of the Fontes Historiae Africanae (Sources of African History) Committee of the British Academy, and has extensively published about African early modern history and colonial African slavery, mainly focused on the Atlantic slave trade in West Africa. Green's work has been funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the British Library, the European Union, and the Leverhulme Trust. In 2017, he was awarded the prestigious Philip Leverhulme Prize for History. His work on the history of African and global inequalities has been translated into more than ten languages.

Green was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2024.

Arts and Humanities Research Council
The Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for supporting research and innovation in the arts and humanities.
Otto Michael
Otto Michael (1859 - 1934) was a German explorer, zoologist and entomologist.
He made three expeditions to the Amazon, 1885-1888 (until 1887 accompanied by Paul Hahnel ), 1889–1893 and 
1894-1921, collecting mainly Lepidoptera for the dealership Otto Staudinger Andreas Bang-Haas.

Andreas Bang-Haas
Andreas Bang-Haas (6 December 1846 – 7 February 1925) was a Danish entomologist and insect dealer.

Bang-Haas was born in Horsens.  In 1879 he entered into the business of the insect dealer Otto Staudinger. He married Staudinger's daughter in 1880 and became co-owner of the firm, now "Staudinger & Bang-Haas", in 1884 or 1887.  He died in Dresden, aged 78.  The business was eventually taken over by his son Otto Bang-Haas.
British Federation of Roller Skating
The British Federation of Roller Skating is a roller skating organisation in the United Kingdom.

The Federation organizes regular training courses and registers teachers.  At least two major coaching seminars are held in Europe each year.

Roller sports
Roller sports are sports that use human powered vehicles which use rolling either by gravity or various pushing techniques. Typically ball bearings and polyurethane wheels are used for momentum and traction respectively, and are attached to devices or vehicles that the roller puts his weight on. The international governing body is World Skate.
Velvett Fogg
Velvett Fogg were a British psychedelic rock band.  Tony Iommi was a member in mid-1968, but soon left to form Black Sabbath. Their lone eponymous album was released in January 1969, and re-released on CD by Sanctuary Records in 2002.

Underground music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial success of popular music movements, and may involve the use of avant-garde or abrasive approaches. Underground music may be perceived as expressing sincerity and creative freedom in opposition to those practices deemed formulaic or market-driven. Tying into broader anti-establishment themes, counterculture music can refer to a web of various nonconforming social groups that distinguish themselves from mainstream society.
Muhammad Saleem Khan
Muhammad Salim Khan (died 7 February 2009) was a Pakistani politician, physician and one of the founders of the Swabi Qaumi Mahaz (SQM), who served twice as a Member of the Provincial Assembly (MPA) from Swabi PF-24 Swabi 1993-1996 and (PF-31 Swabi-I), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly NWFP) from 2002 to 2007. He also held the Health portfolio in the provincial government. He is the father of Babar Saleem.

Swabi
Swabi (Pashto: صوابۍ; Urdu: صوابی) is a city in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located near the bank of the Indus River. It is the 73rd largest city of Pakistan and eighth largest in the province in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Swabi is also a major city in the Mardan Division, where it is the second-largest city.
Joyce Powell
Ivy Joyce Powell (née Clothier; 25 May 1922 – 14 June 2003) was a New Zealand cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in seven Test matches for New Zealand between 1954 and 1961. She played domestic cricket for Auckland for 15 years.

New Zealand women's national cricket team
The New Zealand women's national cricket team, nicknamed the White Ferns, represents New Zealand in international women's cricket. One of eight teams competing in the ICC Women's Championship (the highest level of international women's cricket), the team is organised by New Zealand Cricket, a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

New Zealand made its Test debut in 1935, against England, becoming the third team to play at that level. With Australia and England, New Zealand is one of only three teams to have participated in all ten editions of the Women's Cricket World Cup. The team has made the final of the tournament on four occasions, winning in 2000 and placing second in in 1993, 1997, and 2009. At the Women's T20 World Cup, New Zealand were champions in 2024 and runners up in 2009 and 2010.
2023 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season
The 2023 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season is the 57th in the club's history. The club is coached by Craig Fitzgibbon in his second season with the Sharks and captained by Dale Finucane and Wade Graham. The team is currently competing in the National Rugby League's 2023 Telstra Premiership.

Nicho Hynes
Nicholas Michael Hynes (born 18 June 1996) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a halfback for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the National Rugby League and Australia at international level. He previously played as a fullback for the Melbourne Storm in the NRL.
Baltika Breweries
Baltika Brewery (Russian: Пивоваренная компания "Балтика") is the second largest brewing company in Europe, and the leader of the Russian beer market with over 38% market share. It is headquartered in St. Petersburg.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Carlsberg Group attempted to sell the company, but in July 2023 the Russian government seized its assets under the rules for businesses from the Unfriendly Countries List. Carlsberg Group divested its shares in Baltika in December 2024.

Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (/ˌjærəˈslævəl/; Russian: Ярославль, IPA: [jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl rivers. It is part of the Golden Ring, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. The population of the city at the 2021 census was 577,279.
Choctaw High School
Choctaw High School is a public high school (grades 9-12) in Choctaw, Oklahoma. It is a part of the Choctaw-Nicoma Park School District.

The district (of which this is the sole comprehensive high school) includes the majority of Choctaw as well as most of Nicoma Park and portions of Harrah, Midwest City, and Oklahoma City.

As of 2024, it has approximately 1,811 students and 76 teachers (FTE) for a student-teacher ratio of approximately 23.8:1. In 2024 it was ranked as the 221st best high school in Oklahoma by US News. It is the only high school in the Choctaw-Nicoma Park School District.

Harrah, Oklahoma
Harrah is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Located 25 miles (40 km) east of downtown Oklahoma City, Harrah had a population of 6,245 people as of the 2020 Census, a 22.6% increase from 2010.

The first settler of the area, who was Potawatomi, arrived in the 1870s, but the town was not incorporated until 1908. The town was settled by Americans, Polish immigrants, and other groups and had a cotton ginning center. The city is overseen by a city council and mayor and includes a police department and fire station.
Guaxindiba River
The Guaxindiba River (Portuguese: Rio Guaxindiba) is a river of Rio de Janeiro state in southeastern Brazil.

The Guaxindiba River flows through a flat region of mangroves in the 1,936 hectares (4,780 acres) Guanabara Ecological Station before discharging into the east of Guanabara Bay near the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Guanabara Bay
Guanabara Bay (Portuguese: baía de Guanabara, baía da Guanabara, IPA: [baˈi.ɐ da ɡwɐnaˈbaɾɐ]) is an oceanic bay in Southeast Brazil in the state of Rio de Janeiro. On its western shore lie the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias, and on its eastern shore are the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo. Four other municipalities surround the bay's shores. Guanabara Bay is the second largest bay in area in Brazil (after the All Saints' Bay), at 412 square kilometres (159 sq mi), with a perimeter of 143 kilometres (89 mi).

Guanabara Bay is 31 kilometres (19 mi) long and 28 kilometres (17 mi) wide at its maximum. Its 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) wide mouth is flanked at the eastern tip by the Pico do Papagaio (Parrot's Peak) and the western tip by Pão de Açúcar (Sugar Loaf).

The name Guanabara comes from the Tupi language, goanã-pará, from gwa "bay", plus nã "similar to" and ba'ra "sea". Other glosses include hidden water, lagoon of the sea, and bosom of the sea.
Kana, West Bengal
Kana is an Upper Paleolithic archaeological site located in Purulia district of Eastern Indian state West Bengal. The archeological site containing the microblade artefacts belongs to the Manbazar Formation of the Kumari Basin. It is situated about 500 meters northwest of Kana village at the foot of an inselberg.

It is known for remains of anatomically modern humans from Upper Paleolithic era, before 42,000 years ago.

Inselberg
An inselberg or monadnock (/məˈnædnɒk/ mə-NAD-nok) is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain.
If the inselberg is dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss, it can also be called a bornhardt, though not all bornhardts are inselbergs. An inselberg results when a body of rock resistant to erosion, such as granite, occurring within a body of softer rocks, is exposed by differential erosion and lowering of the surrounding landscape.
Thebasa
Thebasa (Greek: Θήβασα) was a fortified place in Asia Minor in Classical Antiquity that was noted by Pliny as a city of ancient Lycaonia, situated in Tauros.

Later, Thebasa survived (as "Dabasa" in Muslim accounts) to be taken from the Byzantine Empire during the Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor (806). The site, apparently deserted since, has not been securely identified. Sir William Mitchell Ramsay suggested that Thebasa was the fortified high place of Hyde and gave reasons for locating the city and its fortress in the neighborhood of Kara Bunar, Turkey.

Modern scholars reject the identification of Thebasa with Hyde, and tentatively place Hyde's site near Divle, Asiatic Turkey.

In 2022, a Polish diplomat Robert D. Rokicki found Thebasa in the Pinarkaya village of Ayrancı District in Karaman Province.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Master stock
A master stock or master sauce (traditional Chinese: 滷水; simplified Chinese: 卤水; pinyin: Lǔshuǐ; Jyutping: Lou5 Seoi2) is a stock which is repeatedly reused to poach or braise meats. It has its origins in Teochew cuisine and is typically used in Cantonese and Fujian cuisines. Foods poached or braised in the master stock are generally referred to as lou mei.

Teochew cuisine
Teochew cuisine, also known as Chiuchow cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine or Teo-swa cuisine, originated from the Chaoshan region in the eastern part of China's Guangdong Province, which includes the cities of Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang. Teochew cuisine bears more similarities to that of Fujian cuisine, particularly Southern Min cuisine, due to the similarity of Teochew's and Fujian's culture, language, and their geographic proximity to each other. However, Teochew cuisine is also influenced by Cantonese cuisine in its style and technique.
Natal wrasse
The natal wrasse, Anchichoerops natalensis, is a species of wrasse native to the Indian Ocean coasts of South Africa and Mozambique.  It prefers areas with rocky substrates and can be found down to about 60 m (200 ft).  This species grows to a length of 75 cm (30 in).  This fish is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and is popular as a game fish.  This species is the only known member of its genus.

Game fish
Game fish, sport fish or quarry refer to popular fish species pursued by recreational fishers (typically anglers), and can be freshwater or saltwater fish.  Game fish can be eaten after being caught, preserved as taxidermy (though rare), or released after capture.  Some game fish are also targeted commercially, particularly less bony species such as salmon and tuna.

Specimens of game fish whose measurements (body length and weight) significantly exceed the species' average are sometimes known as trophy fish, as such captures are often presented as bragging rights among fishers.
Ljunggren
Ljunggren is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Elisabeth Ljunggren, née Storm-Mathisen (1943–2010), Norwegian physiotherapist

Anna Ljunggren (born 1984), Norwegian politician for the Labour Party

Bobby Ljunggren (born 1961), Swedish songwriter

Gustaf Ljunggren (academician) (1823–1905), Swedish man of letters, born at Lund, the son of a clergyman

Gustaf Ljunggren (1894–1966), Swedish chemist

John Ljunggren (1919–2000), Swedish athlete who competed mainly in the 50 kilometer walk

Michael Ljunggren (1962–1995), Swedish mobster and President of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club's Swedish chapters

Sten Ljunggren (born 1938), Swedish character actor

Tor Arne Bell Ljunggren (born 1962), Norwegian politician

Wilhelm Ljunggren (1905–1973), Norwegian mathematician, specializing in number theory

Tor Arne Bell Ljunggren
Tor Arne Bell Ljunggren (born 6 June 1962) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland during the term 2013–2017. In total he met during 127 days of parliamentary session. He hails from Bodø Municipality.
Dhab Khushal
Dhab Khushal (Urdu: ڈھاب خوشحآل) is a village in Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. The population is about 800. Dhab Khushal is situated close to the village Dhab Kalan and about 7.5KM from the Chakwal city center.ِ Dhab Khushal is a smaller village compared to neighbouring villages Dhab Kalan, Dhab Pari and Dhab Loharan. Chohans are a prominent tribe in the village along with Minhas Rajputs. The village needs all the basic facilities to deliver. The Dhab Khushal needs the public transport facility, The GOVT. basic health services and Govt. School for boys and girls. Most of the villagers are associated with the Govt. services like Education department and Pak Army.

Chakwal
Chakwal (Punjabi and Urdu: چکوال) is a city in Chakwal District in the Potohar region of Punjab, Pakistan.

It is the 48th most populous city of Pakistan. Chakwal is located 90 kilometres south-west of the federal capital, Islamabad and 270 kilometres from the provincial capital, Lahore. It is accessible by both the Islamabad International Airport and the Lahore International Airport.
2012 end-of-year women's rugby union tests
The 2012 end-of-year women's rugby union tests is a series of women's rugby union matches. For the second year in a row, New Zealand toured the Northern Hemisphere by playing three test matches against England.
Black Ferns will try to revenge the double defeat suffered last year, when they were only able to get an 8–8 draw on final test day.

As a trial run for 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup, United States faced Italy for the first time ever and France during a seven-day period.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
M1895
M1895, or Model of 1895, can refer to:

Nagant M1895 - a revolver

Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 - an Austrian bolt-action rifle

M1895 Lee Navy - an American bolt-action rifle

Winchester Model 1895 - a lever-action rifle

M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun - a machine gun

10-inch gun M1895 - a U.S. Army coast artillery piece

12-inch gun M1895 - a U.S. Army coast artillery piece

16-inch gun M1895 - a U.S. Army coast artillery piece

M1895 Lee Navy
The M1895 Lee Navy was a straight-pull magazine rifle adopted in limited numbers by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps in 1895 as a first-line infantry rifle. The Navy's official designation for the Lee Straight-Pull rifle was the "Lee Rifle, Model of 1895, caliber 6-mm" but the weapon is also largely known by other names, such as the "Winchester-Lee rifle", "Lee Model 1895", "6mm Lee Navy", and "Lee Rifle, Model of 1895".

It fired a 6mm (0.236-in. caliber) cartridge, which used an early smokeless powder, was semi-rimless, and fired a 135-grain (later 112-grain) jacketed bullet.  The 6mm U.S.N. or Lee Navy Cartridge was also used in the navy version of the Colt–Browning Model 1895 machinegun.
Hanpo station
Hanp'o station is a railway station located in Hanp'o-ri, P'yŏngsan County, North Hwanghae province, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngbu Line, which was formed from part of the Kyŏngŭi Line to accommodate the shift of the capital from Seoul to P'yŏngyang; though this line physically connects P'yŏngyang to Pusan via Dorasan, in operational reality it ends at Kaesŏng due to the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

North Hwanghae Province
North Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaebuk-to; Korean pronunciation: [ɸwa̠ŋ.ɦɛ.buk̚.t͈o̞], lit. "north Yellow Sea province") is a province of North Korea.  The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae.  The provincial capital is Sariwon.  The province is bordered by Pyongyang and South Pyongan to the north, Kangwon to the east, Kaesong Industrial Region and South Korea's Gyeonggi Province to the south, and South Hwanghae southwest.  In 2003, Kaesong Directly Governed City (Kaesong Chikhalsi) became part of North Hwanghae as Kaepung County. Later on in 2019, it was promoted as Special City (Kaesong T'ŭkpyŏlsi). Thus, it was separated from North Hwanghae.
Augustin de Beaulieu
Augustin de Beaulieu (French pronunciation: [oɡystɛ̃ də boljø]; 1589–1637) was a French general, who in 1619 led an armed expedition to the East Indies composed of three ships (275 crews, 106 cannons) and called the "Fleet of Montmorency", after its sponsor the Admiral Montmorency.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
Samuel Clarke of St Albans
Samuel Clark (1684–1750), usually known as Samuel Clarke of St Albans, was an English Nonconformist pastor and theological writer, known for his Collection of the Promises of Scripture. He is not to be confused with his near-contemporary Samuel Clarke (1675–1729), philosopher and Anglican clergyman.

Samuel Clarke
Samuel Clarke (11 October 1675 – 17 May 1729) was an English philosopher and Anglican priest. He is considered the major British figure in philosophy between John Locke and George Berkeley. Clarke's altered, Nontrinitarian revision of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer continues to influence worship among modern Unitarians.
Junicode
Junicode ("Junius-Unicode") is a free and open-source (SIL Open Font License) old-style serif typeface developed by Peter S. Baker of the University of Virginia. T‌he design is based on a 17th-century typeface used in Oxford, England.

Junicode contains many special characters and ligatures for medievalists, along with numerous other Unicode glyphs. T‌he font has OpenType features for advanced typesetting and includes true small caps.

Since August 2023, Junicode has been a variable font and remains under active development.

Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).

One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
SENP8
Sentrin-specific protease 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SENP8 gene.

NEDD8 (MIM 603171) is a ubiquitin-like protein that becomes conjugated to the cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134) subunit of several ubiquitin ligases. This conjugation, called neddylation, is required for optimal ubiquitin ligase activity. NEDD8-specific deneddylases, such as NEDP1, or DEN1, are required to process the NEDD8 propeptide at a C-terminal diglycine motif and to remove NEDD8 from cullins (Gan-Erdene et al., 2003).[supplied by OMIM]

Neddylation
Neddylation (also NEDDylation) is the process by which the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 is conjugated to its target proteins. This process is analogous to ubiquitination, although it relies on its own enzymes.  It is an enzymatic cascade catalyzed by first UBA3 and NAE1, which form the NEDD8 activation enzyme (E1), then the NEDD8 conjugating enzyme UBE2M or UBE2F (E2), and finally the NEDD8 ligase E3, which will bind the substrate NEDD8 to the target protein. The target protein will then have its activity, localization and/or stability affected.
Proteins targeted by neddylation can be largely divided into two groups: cullins and non-cullins. Cullins, when neddylated, release CAND1 from its inhibitory binding, and that leads to the activation of Cullin Ring Ligases, which in turn perform ubiquitination.