hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baraa Najib al-Ruba'i
Baraa Najib al-Ruba'i (Also spelt Al-Rubaiy) is an Iraqi politician from Baghdad, and a member of the National Assembly of Iraq who was proposed as a possible Defense Minister in May 2006.

He comes from a royal family that oversees the Rabi’a tribe (Now the Al-Rubaiy family). His father, Muhammad Najib al-Ruba'i was a prominent officer under the monarchy who was appointed chairman of the three-member Presidential Council by General Abdul Karim Qassem. A graduate of Sandhurst military college in Britain, he worked with the CIA in Amman on the 1996 coup attempt along with Iyad Allawi’s Iraqi National Accord.

Arab tribes of Iraq
Many Iraqi Arabs identify strongly with a tribe (العشيرة 'ashira). 30 of the 150 or so identifiable tribes of Iraq are the most influential. They are grouped into federations (قبيلة qabila). Within the tribe, there is the clan (الفخذ fukhdh), the house (البيت beit) and the extended family (الخمس khams). Tribes are led by sheikhs (شيخ sheykh) who represent the tribe and deal with its domestic affairs. Due to the large sizes of Iraq's tribes, an individual may belong to the Shammar tribe, but also the Aslam branch within the same tribe, and therefore can identify with both. There are hundreds of Arab tribes across Iraq from the north to the south.

On its accession to power in the 17 July Revolution of 1968, Iraq's Ba'ath Party announced its opposition to tribalism ( القبلية ''al-qabaliyya''), although for pragmatic reasons, especially during the Iran–Iraq War, tribalism was sometimes tolerated and even encouraged.
Forced Confessions
Forced Confessions (Persian: اعترافات اجباری, Eterafate-e Ejbari) is a 2012 documentary film by the Persian Canadian journalist and filmmaker Maziar Bahari about the forced confessions in Iran obtained from a suspect through torture.

The film premiered at the 25th International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) in November 2012. The short version of the film was aired by BBC Persian TV simultaneously.

Iranian Canadians
Iranian Canadians or Persian Canadians are Canadians of Iranian origin. From the 2016 Canadian census, the main communities can be found in Southern Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec.  As of 2016 a total of 97,110 Iranians reside in the Greater Toronto Area, 46,255 in the Greater Vancouver Area, and 23,410 in the Greater Montreal Area, with the remainder spread out in the other major cities of Canada, based on the 2016 Canadian Census. These numbers represent the people who stated "Iranian" as their single or joint ethnic origin in the census survey.
Coll de Nargó
Coll de Nargó (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkɔʎ ðe naɾˈɣo]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Urgell in Catalonia, a region of Spain. It is situated in the Segre valley by the Oliana reservoir. The municipality is served by the C-14 road between Ponts and La Seu d'Urgell, the L-511 road to Isona and the L-401 road to Sant Llorenç de Morunys. The Romanesque church of Sant Climent dates from the eleventh century, and has a rectangular pre-Romanesque bell-tower. It has a population of 587 (register office, 2024) .

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Pertusaria guineabissauensis
Pertusaria guineabissauensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. It was described as a new species in 2019 by Graciela Paz-Bermúdez, Alan Archer, and John Elix. It grows on tree bark, producing a thick greenish-grey thallus with a dull, wrinkled surface. The lichen is characterised by the presence of wart-shaped (verruciform) ascomata, asci that contain eight ascospores arranged in a single row (uniseriate) and the presence of the secondary chemicals stictic and hypostictic acids. The specific epithet refers to Guinea-Bissau, where the lichen was discovered, and its only known locality.

John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.

The standard author abbreviation Elix is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Nosratollah
Nosratollah is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Nosratollah Amini (1915–2009), Iranian lawyer

Nosratollah Jahanshahlou (1913–2012), Iranian politician

Nosratollah Khosravi-Roodsari, Iranian-American prisoner

Nosratollah Momtahen (1930–2013), Iranian sports shooter

Nosratollah Noohian (1931–2020), Iranian poet

Nosratollah Vahdat (1925–2020), Iranian comedian

Nosratollah Jahanshahlou
Nosrat-ollah Jahanshahlou (1913–2012) was a leftist Iranian politician. He was among The Fifty-Three group who were arrested because of their political activities in November 1938 in Iran. After World War II he joined to the separatist movement of Azerbaijan People's Government in Tabriz. During this time he served as the first chancellor of University of Tabriz. After collapse of the Azerbaijani government by the Imperial Iranian Army, he fled to the USSR with couple of other members of Azerbaijani Democratic Party. After 26 years of residing in Soviet Azerbaijan he immigrated to East Germany, then to Switzerland.
Rutherglen, Victoria
Rutherglen (pronunciationⓘ) is a town in north-eastern Victoria, Australia, near the Murray River border with New South Wales. The town was named after the Scottish town of Rutherglen which lies just outside Glasgow.  At the 2021 census, Rutherglen had a population of 2,579.

Robert Parker (wine critic)
Robert McDowell Parker Jr. (born July 23, 1947) is a retired American wine critic. His wine ratings on a 100-point scale and his newsletter The Wine Advocate are influential in American wine buying and are therefore a major factor in setting the prices for newly released Bordeaux wines. This made him the most widely known and influential wine critic in the world.
Montgomery Baronets of Magbie Hill (1774)
The Montgomery baronetcy, of Magbie Hill in Peeblesshire, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 28 May 1774 for William Montgomery. The second Baronet represented Peeblesshire in Parliament. The title became extinct on his death in 1831.

Peeblesshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Peeblesshire was a Scottish county constituency of Great Britain and after 1801 the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) from 1708 until 1868. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.
Frederick John Thompson
Frederick John Thompson (May 21, 1935 – July 7, 2010) was a commercial fisherman, trapper and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Athabasca from 1975 to 1995 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.

He was born in Big River, Saskatchewan and later moved to Buffalo Narrows, where he fished, trapped and operated a mink ranch. He was a three-time Saskatchewan boxing champion and coached hockey, baseball and gymnastics. Later in life, Thompson was a professional golf instructor.

He served in the Saskatchewan cabinet as Minister of Economic Development. Thompson was defeated by Buckley Belanger when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1995.

He died on July 7, 2010 in Saskatoon.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
San Antonino Castillo Velasco
San Antonino Castillo Velasco is a town and municipality located south of the city of Oaxaca, in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. 
It is part of the Ocotlán District in the south of the Valles Centrales Region
Its population is less than 5,000, but it was the scene of a number of violent confrontations in the 2000s.  The town is known for its crafts, especially fine embroidery and items made with a flower known as flor inmortal ("immortal flower"), so called because it does not lose its color when it is dried.  The name San Antonino is in honor of Anthony of Padua, who is the town's patron saint.   “Castillo Velasco” (sometimes “Castillo Velazco”) was added  in honor of José María Castillo Velasco, who was born here in 1820 and played important roles in the Reform War and French Intervention in Mexico.

Administrative divisions of Mexico
Mexico is a federal republic composed of 32 federative entities (Spanish: entidades federativas): 31 states and Mexico City. According to the Constitution of Mexico, the states of the federation are free and sovereign in all matters concerning their internal affairs. Since 2016, Mexico City has been a fully autonomous entity on par with the states. Each state federative entity has its own congress and constitution.
2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Corsica
The 2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Corsica is the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the leagues of the Corsica region of France take part in the main competition from the seventh round.

Two teams will qualify from the Corsica section of the 2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds.

In 2022–23, both qualifying teams, FC Borgo and GC Lucciana were eliminated at the seventh-round stage. FC Borgo lost 3–0 at Nîmes. GC Lucciana lost by a single goal to JA Drancy from the same division.

JA Drancy
La Jeanne d'Arc de Drancy (French pronunciation: [la ʒan daʁk də dʁɑ̃si]; abbreviated as JAD; French pronunciation: [ʒi.a.de]) is a French football club based in Drancy, a suburb of Paris. The club was founded in 1903. As of the 2025–26 season, the club plays in the Championnat National 3, the fifth division of French football.
1969 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
Ken Fletcher and Margaret Court were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Fred Stolle and Ann Jones.

Stolle and Jones defeated Tony Roche and Judy Tegart in the final, 6–2, 6–3 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 1969 Wimbledon Championships.

Ann Jones (tennis)
Ann Shirley Jones (born Adrianne Haydon; 17 October 1938), also known as Ann Haydon-Jones, is an English former tennis and table tennis champion. She won eight Grand Slam tennis championships in her career: three in singles, three in women's doubles and two in mixed doubles. In 2023, she served as a vice president of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.
Leah Galton
Leah Danielle Galton (born 24 May 1994) is an English footballer who currently plays as a forward for Women's Super League club Manchester United.

She has previously played for Sky Blue FC in the NWSL, Bayern Munich in Germany, and has represented England from under-15 to under-23 level.

Women's FA Cup
The Women's FA Challenge Cup is the top annual cup tournament for women's clubs in English football. Founded in 1970, it has been named the WFA Cup, FA Women's Cup, and now Women's FA Cup (currently known as the Adobe Women's FA Cup for sponsorship reasons).

Designed as an equivalent to the FA Cup in men's football, the competition began in 1970–71 as the Mitre Challenge Trophy, organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). There were 71 entrants, including teams from Scotland and Wales.

The WFA ran the competition for the first 23 editions, during which time Southampton won the cup eight times. The Football Association (FA) began administering English women's football in mid-1993.

Arsenal holds the record for most titles overall, having won fourteen times. The current cup holders are Chelsea, who defeated Manchester United 3–0 in the 2025 final to win their sixth FA Cup title.
David McCaig
David McCaig is a Scottish former professional football player.

He began his career playing for the top boys' club Grangemouth International before joining Falkirk in 1973. McCaig made his professional debut against Celtic at the age of sixteen and spent three years at Falkirk, before joining Clyde in 1976.

He then moved to East Stirlingshire where he spent four seasons. He played in the promotion winning team of 1980. McCaig signed for Dumbarton in June 1982, following a two-month loan spell with the club at the end of the 1981–82 season. In his second season at Dumbarton, he was part of the team that won promotion to the Premier Division. In 1985 McCaig moved to Scottish First Division side East Fife where he spent less than one season before moving south to England to join Bishop's Stortford.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Haoramton
Haoramton was a monarch of the Khuman dynasty in ancient Kangleipak (present-day Manipur, India). He reigned from approximately 800 to 830 CE. He was a contemporary of King Yaraba of the Ningthouja dynasty, who ruled from 799 to 821 CE.

Kangleipak
Kangleipak was an ancient, lesser known civilisation, consisting of the modern day Manipur, India which is still known to some residents as Kangleipak, and other neighbouring regions. The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of this realm from the 15th century BCE, up to medieval times.
Nardiello
Nardiello is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Nardiello (born 1982), Welsh footballer

Donato Nardiello (born 1957), Welsh footballer, father of Daniel and brother of Gerry

Gerry Nardiello (born 1966), English footballer

Vincenzo Nardiello (born 1966), Italian boxer

Daniel Nardiello
Daniel Antony Nardiello (born 22 October 1982) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He began his career with Manchester United and made several first team appearances in the EFL Cup and UEFA Champions League. He went on to have an established career in the Football League for  
Swansea City, Barnsley, Queens Park Rangers, Blackpool, Hartlepool United, Bury, Oldham Athletic, Exeter City, Rotherham United and Plymouth Argyle. He retired in 2017 following a spell with Bangor City.

Born in England, Nardiello represented Wales and was capped three times between 2007 and 2008.
William S. Knudsen
William Signius Knudsen (born Signius Wilhelm Poul Knudsen; March 25, 1879 – April 27, 1948) was a Danish-born American automotive industry executive and an American general during World War II.

His experience and success as a key senior manager in the operations sides of Ford Motor Company and then General Motors led the Franklin Roosevelt administration to commission him directly as a lieutenant general in the United States Army to help lead the United States' war materiel production efforts for World War II.

Knudsen became the only civilian in U.S. history to join the Army at such a high initial rank, and under his direction, American industry dramatically increased its military production, including growing aircraft production from fewer than 3,000 planes in 1939 to over 300,000 by war's end.

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
For the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the United States presidential administration from 1933 to 1945, see:

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1941), first and second terms

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941–1945), third and fourth terms
Slobodan Pavićević
Slobodan "Pava" Pavićević (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Павићевић; 28 August 1945), is a Serbian production manager and producer. He graduated from Faculty of Dramatic Arts, University of Arts in Belgrade. Pavićević worked with renown film directors such as Theo Angelopoulos, Ermanno Olmi, Goran Marković and he also served as the director of FEST.

Ermanno Olmi
Ermanno Olmi (24 July 1931 – 7 May 2018) was an Italian film director and screenwriter best known for directing Il Posto (1961) and The Tree of Wooden Clogs (1977), which won the Palme d'Or. Throughout his career Olmi blended Italian neorealism with Christian humanism, with many of his films following humble characters through the spiritual trials of harsh conditions.
&Burn
"&Burn" is a song by American singer Billie Eilish and American rapper Vince Staples. It was released for digital download and streaming as a single on December 15, 2017, through Darkroom and Interscope Records. It was later included as the seventh single on a reissue of Eilish's debut EP, Don't Smile at Me, in December of that year. Staples and Finneas O'Connell co-wrote the song, with the latter solely handling production. A hip hop-influenced track, the song is an alternate version of Eilish's single "Watch".

The lyrics of the song address Eilish leaving a toxic relationship. "&Burn" received positive reviews from music critics, with many liking the lyrical content and production. The song has been certified gold in both the United States and Australia by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), respectively. It was performed live by Eilish and Staples at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in 2019.

Rob Kinelski
Robert Michael Kinelski (born January 27, 1981) is an American audio engineer, mixer, and record producer. He is best known for his work with Billie Eilish, Finneas, Lil Dicky, Big Sean, Karol G, Joji, Beyoncé, and NewJeans, among others. In 2020, Kinelski won four Grammy Awards, including Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for mixing Billie Eilish's debut album When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?.
Valiant-class submarine
The Valiant class were a class of two nuclear-powered fleet submarines in service with the Royal Navy from the mid-1960s until 1994. They were the first fully British nuclear fleet submarine; the earlier HMS Dreadnought used an American nuclear reactor. Of the two the first, Valiant (the nameship) commissioned in 1966 three years after Dreadnought, with Warspite the following year. Both were built by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness.

Nuclear marine propulsion
Nuclear marine propulsion is propulsion of a ship or submarine with heat provided by a nuclear reactor. The power plant heats water to produce steam for a turbine used to turn the ship's propeller through a gearbox or through an electric generator and motor. Nuclear propulsion is used primarily within naval warships such as nuclear submarines and supercarriers. A small number of experimental civil nuclear ships have been built.

Compared to oil- or coal-fuelled ships, nuclear propulsion offers the advantage of very long intervals of operation before refueling. All the fuel is contained within the nuclear reactor, so no cargo or supplies space is taken up by fuel, nor is space taken up by exhaust stacks or combustion air intakes. The low fuel cost is offset by high operating costs and investment in infrastructure, however, so nearly all nuclear-powered vessels are military.
The Australian Girl, and Other Verses
The Australian Girl, And Other Verses (1900) was the only collection of poems by Australian poet Ethel Castilla. It was released in hardback by George Robertson publishers in 1900. It features the author's most famous work, "The Australian Girl".

The original collection includes 26 poems by the author that are reprinted from various sources. It also includes a preface by Rolf Boldrewood.

Hardcover
A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Modern hardcovers may have the pages glued onto the spine in much the same way as paperbacks. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk.
Llazat
Llazat (Albanian definite form: Llazati; Greek: Λαζάτι) is a village in the former commune of Livadhe, Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality of Finiq.

Communes of Albania
Communes (Albanian: komuna or komunat), officially known as administrative units (njësi administrative or njësitë administrative) or units of local administration, government, or governance (njësi të qeverisjes vendore or njësitë të qeverisjes vendore) since 2015, are the 373 third-level administrative divisions of Albania which serve as its local government. There are 12 counties and 61 municipalities above the administrative units and 2,972 villages below them.
Hit That
"Hit That" is a song by American rock band the Offspring, included as the fourth track on the band's seventh studio album, Splinter (2003), and was released as its first single. The song also appears as the 13th track on their Greatest Hits (2005). "Hit That" was released to US rock radio on November 3, 2003.

Upon its release, "Hit That" reached the top 20 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and on the UK Singles Chart, as well as No. 64 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song also topped the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart; this was the first time an Offspring song would reach No. 1 on that chart since their breakthrough single "Come Out and Play" was released a decade earlier in 1994.

Dexter Holland
Bryan Keith "Dexter" Holland (born December 29, 1965) is an American musician, best known as the co-founder, lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, main songwriter and composer, and only constant member of the punk rock band the Offspring. He co-founded the record label Nitro Records, sold in 2013, with former bandmate Greg K. Holland also holds a PhD in molecular biology.
Aluminium hydroxide oxide
Aluminium hydroxide oxide or aluminium oxyhydroxide, AlO(OH) is found as one of two well defined crystalline phases, which are also known as the minerals boehmite and diaspore. The minerals are important constituents of the aluminium ore, bauxite.

Gibbsite
Gibbsite, Al(OH)3, is one of the mineral forms of aluminium hydroxide. It is often designated as γ-Al(OH)3: 2  (but sometimes as α-Al(OH)3). It is also sometimes called hydrargillite (or hydrargyllite).

Gibbsite is an important ore of aluminium in that it is one of three main phases that make up the rock bauxite.

Gibbsite has three named structural polymorphs or polytypes: bayerite (designated often as α-Al(OH)3,: 2  but sometimes as β-Al(OH)3), doyleite, and nordstrandite. Gibbsite can be monoclinic or triclinic, while bayerite is monoclinic.: 13  Doyleite and nordstrandite are triclinic forms.: 13