hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Persian
New Persian (Persian: فارسی نو, romanized: fārsī-ye now), also known as Modern Persian (فارسی نوین), is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian (8th/9th centuries), Classical Persian (10th–18th centuries), and Contemporary Persian (19th century to present).

Dari is a name given to the New Persian language since the 10th century, widely used in Arabic (see Istakhri, al-Maqdisi and ibn Hawqal) and Persian texts. Since 1964, Dari has been the official name in Afghanistan for the Persian spoken there.

Ibn Hawqal
Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (محمد أبو القاسم بن حوقل), also known as  Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī,  born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled from AD 943 to 969. His famous work, written in 977, is called Surat al-Ard (صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). The date of his death, known from his writings, was after AH 368/AD 978.
Richard Schuil
Richard Schuil (born 2 May 1973) is a former beach volleyball player from the Netherlands.

Schuil was born in Leeuwarden, Friesland. A former volleyball player, he represented his native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics in volleyball, starting in 1996 in Atlanta. There he won the gold medal with the Dutch Men's National Team by defeating archrivals Italy in the final (3–2).

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Suffolk County Jail
Suffolk County Jail could refer to:

Charles Street Jail, also known as the Suffolk County Jail, an 1851 era former prison in Boston.

Nashua Street Jail, its replacement, located next to the Science Park (MBTA station).

Nashua Street Jail
The Nashua Street Jail, also known as the Suffolk County Jail, is a jail located in Boston, Massachusetts. It opened on Memorial Day in 1990 as a replacement for the overcrowded Charles Street Jail, located half a mile to the southwest. This facility houses almost 744 pre-trial detainees in 13 different housing units. The jail has 453 cells containing 654 individual beds. The entire facility is maximum security. On August 15, 2010, Philip Markoff, the so-called "Craiglist Killer", committed suicide while in detention there.
The Magic Goes Away
The Magic Goes Away is a fantasy novella written by Larry Niven in 1976 and published in book form in 1978 with illustrations by Esteban Maroto. The name is also used to refer to the series containing this story. Written after the 1973 oil crisis, the series is an allegory for the modern-day energy crisis.

Energy crisis
An energy crisis or energy shortage is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In literature, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, in particular, those that supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in industrial development. Population growth has led to a surge in the global demand for energy in recent years. In the 2000s, this new demand – together with Middle East tension, the falling value of the US dollar, dwindling oil reserves, concerns over peak oil, and oil price speculation – triggered the 2000s energy crisis, which saw the price of oil reach an all-time high of $147.30 per barrel ($926/m3) in 2008.

Most energy crises have been caused by localized shortages, wars and market manipulation. However, the recent historical energy crises listed below were not caused by such factors.
PSA Phuentsholing Stadium
PSA Phuentsholing Stadium, also known as Phuentsholing Football Ground or PSA Ground, is a 5,000-capacity association football stadium located in Phuntsholing, Bhutan. The Bhutan Olympic Committee instigated a major sport venue construction project in 2016 which included the insertion of multiple additions to the stadium.
Opened to the public in summer 2011, the field was previously prepared for paddy transplantations by the local footballers.

Phuntsholing
Phuntsholing, also spelled as Phuentsholing (Dzongkha: ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་), is a border town in southern Bhutan and is the administrative seat of Chukha District. The town occupies parts of both Phuentsholing Gewog and Sampheling Gewog.

Phuentsholing adjoins the Indian town of Jaigaon, and cross-border trade has resulted in a thriving local economy. The town previously hosted the headquarters of the Bank of Bhutan before they were shifted to Thimphu. In 2017, Phuentsholing had a population of 27,658.
Gradient copolymer
In polymer chemistry, gradient copolymers are copolymers in which the change in monomer composition is gradual from predominantly one species to predominantly the other, unlike with block copolymers, which have an abrupt change in composition, and random copolymers, which have no continuous change in composition (see Figure 1).
In the gradient copolymer, as a result of the gradual compositional change along the length of the polymer chain less intrachain and interchain repulsion are observed.

The development of controlled radical polymerization as a synthetic methodology in the 1990s allowed for increased study of the concepts and properties of gradient copolymers because the synthesis of this group of novel polymers was now straightforward.

Due to the similar properties of gradient copolymers to that of block copolymers, they have been considered as a cost-effective alternative in applications for other preexisting copolymers.

Polymer chemistry
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry. Many materials have polymeric structures, from fully inorganic metals and ceramics to DNA and other biological molecules. However, polymer chemistry is typically related to synthetic and organic compositions. Synthetic polymers are ubiquitous in commercial materials and products in everyday use, such as plastics, and rubbers, and are major components of composite materials. Polymer chemistry can also be included in the broader fields of polymer science or even nanotechnology, both of which can be described as encompassing polymer physics and polymer engineering.
Fernão Ferro
Fernão Ferro is a civil parish, in the municipality of Seixal in the district of Setúbal, Portugal. It is part of the Lisbon metropolitan area. The population in 2011 corresponded to 17 059, in an area of 24.13 km².

The parish was created on June 1, 1993 from separating from the parishes of Aldeia de Paio Pires, Amora and Arrentela.

Lisbon metropolitan area
The Lisbon metropolitan area (Portuguese: Área metropolitana de Lisboa; abbreviated as AML) is a metropolitan area in Portugal centered on Lisbon, the capital and largest city of the country. The metropolitan area, covering 17 cities in 18 municipalities, is the largest urban area in the country and the 11th largest in the European Union, with a population in 2024 of 3,005,119 in an area of 3,015.24 km².

The Lisbon Metropolitan Area has the largest GDP (€106 billion) of any metropolitan area in Portugal. The region is home to the largest tech hub in the country and a majority of Portugal's major multinational corporations by revenue are based there.
Tuʻanuku
Tu'anuku is a village on the western part of Vava'u, Tonga. It has several nicknames such as Toa-ko-Tavakefai'ana, Halapukepuke, Hala-siki-'o-Mata'aho and also Uini-e-Ngofe. The population is 298.

There is a fresh water lake next to this village as well as one of Vava'u's two highest mountains, Mo'unga Lafa.

Tu'anuku has five churches: the Church of Tonga (Siasi 'o Tonga), the Free Church of Tonga (Siasi 'o Tonga Tau'atāina), the Free Wesleyan Church (Siasi Uesiliana Tau'atāina 'o Tonga), the Seventh Day Adventist Church (Siasi 'Aho Fitu), and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Siasi 'o Sīsū Kalaisi 'o e Kau Mā'oni'oni he Ngaahi 'Aho ki mui). It also has a primary school, G.P.S. Tu'anuku, which runs from Class 1 through Class 6. Older students are bussed to Neiafu for their secondary school education.

Tu'anuku is an estate of the chief, Finau 'Ulukalala. Their current town officer is 'Amanakilelei Funaki.

Vavaʻu
Vavaʻu is an island group, consisting of one large island (ʻUtu Vavaʻu) and 40 smaller ones, in Tonga. It is part of Vavaʻu District, which includes several other individual islands. According to tradition, the Maui god created both Tongatapu and Vavaʻu, but put a little more effort into the former. Vavaʻu rises 204 m (669 ft) above sea level at Mount Talau. The capital is Neiafu, situated at the Port of Refuge (Puatalefusi or Lolo-ʻa-Halaevalu).
Lola Dutronic Album 2 – The Love Parade
Lola Dutronic Album 2 – The Love Parade, the second album by Canadian electronic music duo Lola Dutronic, was issued in 2007. "La Mer" is an adaptation from the song by Charles Trenet, and "Sukiyaki" is a remix of a song by Kyu Sakamoto. "Le Model" is an adaptation from the song "The Model / Das Modell" by Kraftwerk.

Kyu Sakamoto
Hisashi "Kyu" Sakamoto (Japanese: 坂本 九, Hepburn: Sakamoto Hisashi or Sakamoto Kyū; 10 December 1941 – 12 August 1985), legally registered as Hisashi Ōshima (大島 九, Ōshima Hisashi) since 1956, was a Japanese singer and actor.

He was best known outside Japan for his international hit song "Ue o Muite Arukō" (known as "Sukiyaki" in English-speaking markets), which was sung in Japanese and sold over 13 million copies. It reached number one in the United States Billboard Hot 100 in June 1963, making Sakamoto the first Asian recording artist to have a number one song on the chart. He was also the first Japanese artist to have a number one single on the Australian singles chart.

Sakamoto died on 12 August 1985 in the crash of Japan Air Lines Flight 123.
The Mountain of Israeli-Palestinian Friendship
The Mountain of Israeli-Palestinian Friendship (Hebrew: הר הידידות הישראלית–פלסטינית) is a 2,770-metre (9,090 ft) peak near the Bruce Plateau on the Antarctic Peninsula. It was climbed and named in 2004 by an 8-member team consisting of four Israelis and four Palestinians.

Bruce Plateau
Bruce Plateau (66°S 64°W﻿ / ﻿66°S 64°W﻿ / -66; -64) is an ice-covered plateau, at least 90 nautical miles (170 km) long and about 1,830 metres (6,000 ft) high, extending northeast from the heads of Gould Glacier and Erskine Glacier to the vicinity of Flandres Bay, in Graham Land. It borders Avery Plateau on the south and Forbidden Plateau on the north. The first sighting of this plateau has not been ascertained, but it was presumably seen in January 1909 by members of the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot from their position in Pendleton Strait. The plateau was mapped from aerial photographs and from Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey surveys, 1946–62, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after William S. Bruce, a Scottish polar explorer and leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–04.
Toss Panos
Anastasios (Toss) Panos is a Greek-American drummer who has played or recorded with Dweezil Zappa, Sting, Steven Stills, Paul Rodgers, Michael Landau, Robben Ford, Toy Matinee, Jude Cole, Mike Keneally, John Goodsall, Steve Vai, Mark Hart, Mel Torme, Peter Himmelman, Andy Summers, Cliff Richard, Vonda Shepard and Eric Burdon. He is also the owner of Tossimos Recording Studio.

Peter Himmelman
Peter Himmelman (born November 23, 1959, in St. Louis Park, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and film and television composer from Minnesota, who formerly played in the Minneapolis indie rock band Sussman Lawrence before pursuing an extensive solo career.
Miangul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb Kidney Hospital
Miangul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb Kidney Hospital (MJKH),  formerly known as Nawaz Sharif Kidney Teaching Hospital, is situated in  Manglawar, Swat. It is now named after Jahan Zeb of Swat, the second Wāli of Swat. It is a 110-bed hospital and was a Project of Punjab Hospitals Trust. It is spread over 32 Kanal (unit) at a cost of Rs. 800 million (US$2.8 million). According to officials, the hospital has 40-bed urology and 40-bed nephrology units that provide all sorts of services including free surgeries at three state-of-the-art operation theatres for renal diseases. They added that on average, 90 dialysis treatments were conducted at the facility which had also ICU and HDU to cope with seriously ill patients.

Kanal (unit)
A kanal is a unit of area used in northern parts of South Asia. It is primarily used in northern India and Pakistan.

Under British rule, the marla and kanal were standardized so that one Kanal equals 20 marlas or 605 square yards or 1⁄8 Acre.
Arrondissement of Dendermonde
The Arrondissement of Dendermonde (Dutch: Arrondissement Dendermonde; French: Arrondissement de Termonde) is one of the six administrative arrondissements in the Province of East Flanders, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement. However, the Judicial Arrondissement of Dendermonde also comprises the municipalities of the Arrondissements of Aalst (except the municipalities of Geraardsbergen, Herzele, Sint-Lievens-Houtem and Zottegem) and Sint-Niklaas.

Zele
Zele (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzeːlə]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders, around 20 kilometers east of Ghent. The municipality only comprises the town of Zele proper. In 2023, Zele had a total population of 21,374. The total area is 33 km2 which gives a population density of 641.6 people per km2.
Nicole Luchanski
Nicole Luchanski (born 20 December 1989, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian baseball player. She is a member of the Canada women's national baseball team which won a silver medal at the 2015 Pan American Games.

Baseball at the 2015 Pan American Games
Baseball competitions at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto was held from July 11 to 26 at the Pan Am Ball Park, in Ajax, Ontario.

Women's baseball made its Pan American Games debut, after being added to the program at the 2013 Pan American Sports Organization's general assembly. A total of seven men's and five women's teams competed in each tournament respectively.
Michael Been
Michael Kenneth Been (March 17, 1950 – August 19, 2010) was an American rock musician who achieved critical attention and rotation play on MTV in the 1980s with his band The Call. He later released an album of his solo work and toured with his son's band Black Rebel Motorcycle Club. His song "Let the Day Begin" was the official campaign song of Al Gore's 2000 U.S. presidential campaign. His song "Oklahoma" was one of the top ten choices for Oklahoma's official state rock song and a line from the song provided the name for Another Hot Oklahoma Night: A Rock & Roll Exhibit at the Oklahoma History Center.

Oklahoma History Center
The Oklahoma History Center (OHC) is the history museum of the state of Oklahoma. Located on an 18-acre (7.3 ha) plot across the street from the Governor's mansion at 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive in Oklahoma City, the current museum opened in 2005 and is operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS). It focuses on the history of Oklahoma.
Arsoa
Arsoa is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It was first established by the French entomologist Léon Fairmaire in 1901, for two species described from Androy Plateau, in southern Madagascar. Adult males in the genus have very long forelegs.

The genus was originally placed by Fairmaire in the family Clythridae (now known as the tribe Clytrini), near Miopristis. However, Martin Jacoby later determined that it actually belonged to Eumolpinae, and placed it in the "Edusinae" (now known as the section "Edusites" of the tribe Eumolpini), near Abirus.

Clytrini
The Clytrini are a tribe within the leaf beetle subfamily Cryptocephalinae, though historically they were often treated as a distinct subfamily, Clytrinae. As the other Cryptocephalinae, they belong to the group of case-bearing leaf beetles known as Camptosomata.

Clytrini are known for their myrmecophily.
Thirty Years War (wargame)
Thirty Years War, subtitled "Four Battles", is a "quadrigame" — four separate board wargames packaged in one box that use a common set of rules — published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1976. The four games simulate different battles during the Thirty Years' War, and were sold individually as well as in the quadrigame format. Some of the games were well received by critics, but overall, the quadrigame did not sell well.

Simulations Publications, Inc.
Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) was an American publisher of board wargames and related magazines, particularly its flagship Strategy & Tactics, in the 1970s and early 1980s. It produced an enormous number of games and introduced innovative practices, changing the course of the wargaming hobby in its bid to take control of the hobby away from then-dominant Avalon Hill. SPI ran out of cash in early 1982 when TSR called in a loan secured by SPI's assets. TSR began selling SPI's inventory in 1982, but later acquired the company's trademarks and copyrights in 1983 and continued a form of the operation until 1987.
Avan Oru Ahankaari
Avan Oru Ahankaari is a 1980 Indian Malayalam film, directed by K. G. Rajasekharan and produced by G. P. Balan. The film stars Sheela, Jose Prakash, Janardanan and M. G. Soman in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. S. Viswanathan.

M. G. Soman
M. G. Soman (28 October 1941 – 12 December 1997) was an Indian actor and former Indian Air Force officer who appeared in Malayalam films. He was among the actors who played leading roles in Malayalam cinema during the late 1970s and early 1980s. He also had some Tamil films to his credit, including Aval Oru Thodar Kathai. However, in the late 1980s and 1990s, he switched to character and villainous roles.
Simon Mazière
Simon Mazière (1649 - 1722) was a French sculptor who was born in Pontoise. Some of his sculptures can be found in the Gardens of Versaille. The Gardens of Versaille were created for the Palace of Versailles which in is Versaille, about 19 km west of Paris. The Palace of Versaille was commissioned by King Louis XIV. The Palace and grounds are a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mazière first sculpted Pan, which he based on a wax figurine made by François Girardon in 1685. The marble sculpture measures H. 295; L. 100; P. 90 cm, and is inscribed S. MAIIERE F. 1689.

Syrinx was commissioned as a companion piece to Pan based on the idea of Mr.. Mansart. Also made of marble, Syrinx measures H. 294; L. 107; P. 74 cm and is also inscribed S. MAIIERE F. 1689.

In Greek mythology, the rustic god Pan pursued the naiad/nymph Syrinx, who tried to escape his unwanted advances.

Syrinx
In classical Greek mythology, Syrinx /ˈsɪrɪŋks/ (Ancient Greek: Σῦριγξ, romanized: Súrinx, lit. 'pipe') was an Arcadian nymph and a follower of Artemis, known for her chastity. Being pursued by Pan, she fled into the river Ladon, and at her own request was metamorphosed into a reed from which Pan then made his panpipes.
Kondavil railway station
Kondavil railway station (Tamil: கோண்டாவில் தொடருந்து நிலையம் Kōṇṭāvil toṭaruntu nilaiyam) (Sinhala: කොන්ඩාවේ අඛණ්ඩ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය) is a railway station in the town of Kondavil in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015.

Yal Devi
Yal Devi (Tamil: யாழ் தேவி; Sinhala: යාල් දේවී) is a major express train in Sri Lanka.  Operated by Sri Lanka Railways, the Yal Devi connects Colombo, the nation's commercial hub, with the northern city of Jaffna and its port at Kankesanturai, where the service terminates. From 1990 up to 2015, the service had to terminate at intermediate stations, due to the Sri Lankan civil war. The Northern Line was rebuilt and returned to Jaffna Railway Station by October 2014 and Kankesanturai by January 2015.
Harrisburg Mall
The Harrisburg Mall was a regional mall located just outside Harrisburg in Swatara Township, Pennsylvania.  It was the largest mall in the Harrisburg metropolitan area. The anchor store is Bass Pro Shops. There are 2 vacant anchor stores that were once Macy's and Boscov's.

Lord & Taylor
Lord & Taylor is an American online department store founded in 1826 by Samuel Lord and George Washington Taylor. Until 2021, Lord & Taylor operated brick-and-mortar stores, operating 86 locations around the United States at its peak in the 2000s. The flagship store was located on Fifth Avenue in the Midtown Manhattan district of New York City, operating from 1914 until 2019.

The company declared bankruptcy in 2020 and shuttered all physical stores and online operations in 2021. Lord & Taylor's intellectual property was sold to Saadia Group, who relaunched it as an online department store in 2021. In 2024, Saadia Group's assets were seized by court order and the intellectual property of Lord & Taylor was sold to Regal Brands Global. Regal Brands Global relaunched the Lord & Taylor e-commerce business in 2025.
Mekapati Chandrasekhar Reddy
Mekapati Chandrasekhar Reddy (born 1954) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is a  four-time MLA from Udayagiri Assembly Constituency in Nellore district. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election representing YSR Congress Party but did not contest the 2024 Assembly election.

2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 13 May 2024 for constituting the sixteenth Andhra Pradesh Assembly. They were held alongside the 2024 Indian general election. The election results were declared on 4 June 2024.

The political alliance Kutami, led by the Telugu Desam Party, won the election in a landslide, winning 164 of the 175 seats. The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won 135 out of 144 contested seats. In comparison, the Janasena Party (JSP) won all the 21 seats it contested and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 8 out of 10 contested seats. The incumbent YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) only won 11 seats. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) comprising Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats, for the third time continuously in a row.
Food Security Act of 1985
The Food Security Act of 1985 (P.L. 99–198, also known as the 1985 U.S. Farm Bill), a five-year omnibus farm bill, allowed lower commodity price, income supports, and established a dairy herd buyout program. This 1985 farm bill made changes in a variety of other USDA programs. Several enduring conservation programs were created, including sodbuster, swampbuster, and the Conservation Reserve Program.

Conservation Reserve Program
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a cost-share and rental payment program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Under the program, the government pays farmers to take certain agriculturally used croplands out of production and convert them to vegetative cover, such as cultivated or native bunchgrasses and grasslands, wildlife and pollinators food and shelter plantings, windbreak and shade trees, filter and buffer strips, grassed waterways, and riparian buffers. The purpose of the program is to reduce land erosion, improve water quality and effect wildlife benefits.