hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edersee Dam
The Edersee Dam is a hydroelectric dam spanning the Eder river in northern Hesse, Germany.  Constructed between 1908 and 1914, it lies near the small town of Waldeck at the northern edge of the Kellerwald.  Breached by Allied bombs during World War II, it was rebuilt during the war, and today generates hydroelectric power and regulates water levels for shipping on the Weser river.

At low water in late summers of dry years the remnants of three villages (Asel, Bringhausen, and Berich) and a bridge across the original river bed submerged when the lake was filled in 1914 can be seen.  Descendants of those buried there go to visit the graves of their ancestors.

Overflowing Edersee Dam in spring 2021

The Edersee today (low water level)

Weser
The Weser (pronounced [ˈveːzɐ] ⓘ) is the second longest river wholly in Germany. The Weser flows from the Thuringian Forest to the North Sea, where it flows into the sea near Bremerhaven.

The Weser begins at Hannoversch Münden through the confluence of the Werra and Fulda. It passes through the Hanseatic city of Bremen. Its mouth is 50 km (31 mi) further north against the ports of Bremerhaven and Nordenham. The latter is on the Butjadingen Peninsula. It then merges into the North Sea via two highly saline, estuarine mouths.

It connects to the canal network running east–west across the North German Plain.

The river, when combined with the Werra (a dialectal form of Weser), is 744 km (462 mi) long and thus, the longest river entirely situated within Germany (the Main, however, is the longest if the Weser-Werra are considered separate). The Weser itself is 452 km (281 mi) long. The Werra rises in Thuringia, the German state south of the main projection (tongue) of Lower Saxony.
Riddle drum
A riddle drum is a makeshift frame drum used in traditional English folk music. Originally, they were large agricultural riddle sieves used for winnowing corn, made from sheepskin stretched across a wooden frame. Agricultural workers found these made excellent percussion instruments, and developed unique rhythms and playing styles.

When the name Riddle Drum was first recorded in the 1950s, the only remaining tradition of playing the drums was in the South of England. It is unknown whether the name Riddle Drum then was just a Southern English name for the drum and it was known by different names in other parts of England or whether they were once called Riddle Drum across the country.

John Davey (Cornish speaker)
John Davey or Davy (1812–1891) was a Cornish farmer who was one of the last people with some traditional knowledge of the Cornish language. According to Henry Jenner, the level of his ability in the language is unclear, but was probably restricted to a few words and phrases. A song attributed to Davey's memory, the "Cranken Rhyme", is not known from any earlier source and is notable as possibly one of the last survivals of Cornish literary tradition.
Melaleuca acuminata
Melaleuca acuminata, commonly known as mallee honeymyrtle is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is native to Australia and widespread in temperate areas of the continent. It is an erect shrub to about 3 m (9.8 ft) usually found in mallee woodland.

Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands
Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands is one of 32 Major Vegetation Groups defined by the Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy and one of the 189 habitats in the HOTW habitats of the World classification.
A View of Trajan's Forum, Rome
A View of Trajan's Forum, Rome is an 1821 landscape painting by the British artist Charles Lock Eastlake. It depicts a view of Trajan's Forum in Rome, dominated by Trajan's Column. The scene features both remains of Ancient Rome and much later buildings. Eastlake lived in Rome from 1816 to 1830, at a time when British artists were able to visit the city following the end of the Napoleonic Wars. He produced a number of views of the city, some of which he sent back to exhibit at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibitions.

Today it is in the collection of the Yale Center for British Art in Connecticut. An alternative version of the work from the same year, covering a wider view of the Forum is now in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Yale Center for British Art
The Yale Center for British Art at Yale University in central New Haven, Connecticut, houses the largest and most comprehensive collection of British art outside the United Kingdom. The collection of paintings, sculpture, drawings, prints, rare books, and manuscripts reflects the development of British art and culture from the Elizabethan period onward. Its director is currently Martina Droth.
Shelby Pierson
Shelby Pierson is a U.S. intelligence officer and the former top election security official of the American intelligence community, the chair of the Election Executive and Leadership Board.  Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats instituted the position and appointed Pierson to fill it in July 2019.
The board includes representatives from the intelligence community and other federal agencies coordinating on election security.

Election security
Election cybersecurity or election security refers to the protection of elections and voting infrastructure from cyberattack or cyber threat – including the tampering with or infiltration of voting machines and equipment, election office networks and practices, and voter registration databases.

Cyber threats or attacks to elections or voting infrastructure could be carried out by insiders within a voting jurisdiction, or by a variety of other actors ranging from nefarious nation-states, to organized cyber criminals to lone-wolf hackers. Motives may range from a desire to influence the election outcome, to discrediting democratic processes, to creating public distrust or even political upheaval.
William Dickson (RAF officer)
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Forster Dickson, GCB, KBE, DSO, AFC (24 September 1898 – 12 September 1987) was a Royal Naval Air Service aviator during the First World War, a senior officer in the Royal Air Force during the inter-war years and a Royal Air Force commander during and after the Second World War. Dickson was Chief of the Air Staff in the mid-1950s, in which role his main preoccupation was the establishment of the V Force and the necessary supporting weapons, airfields and personnel. He also served as the first Chief of the Defence Staff in the late 1950s.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
Nyukhcha
Nyukhcha (Russian: Нюхча) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Nyukhcha, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Nyukhchensky Selsoviet of Pinezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Nyukhcha, Republic of Karelia, a selo in Belomorsky District of the Republic of Karelia

Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Hatepe
Hatepe is a small community northeast of Tauranga Taupō and southwest of Waitahanui, on the southeastern side of New Zealand's Lake Taupō. State Highway 1 runs past it. Hinemaiaia River runs into the lake at the north end of the settlement.

The name means "to cut off" or "to proceed in an orderly manner" in the Māori language.

Hatepe was the site of a pā in the mid-19th century.: 11:1.38  Land was gifted by Ngāti Tūwharetoa for a native school in 1886, but no school was built, and in 1890 the iwi requested the land be returned. It was finally returned in 1971.: 103:1.480

The area was farmed by the Morehu family from the 1930s. There was a campground on the foreshore. When the Hinemaiaia River was dammed for a hydroelectric scheme in 1952, the foreshore was flooded and more permanent structures erected on dry land.

State Highway 1 (New Zealand)
State Highway 1 (SH 1) is the longest and most significant road in the New Zealand road network, running the length of both main islands. It appears on road maps as SH 1 and on road signs as a white number 1 on a red shield, but it has the  official designations SH 1N in the North Island and SH 1S in the South Island.

SH 1 is 2,006 kilometres (1,246 mi) long, 1,074 km (667 mi) in the North Island and 932 km (579 mi) in the South Island. Since 2010 new roads have reduced the length from 2,033 km (1,263 mi). For the majority of its length it is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, in both rural and urban areas. These sections have some passing lanes. Around 315 km (196 mi) of SH 1 is of motorway or expressway standard as of August 2022: 281 km (175 mi) in the North Island and 34 km (21 mi) in the South Island.
Fagerholm III cabinet
Karl-August Fagerholm's third cabinet, also known as the Night Frost Cabinet or the Night Frost Government, was the 44th government of Republic of Finland, in office from August 29, 1958 to January 13, 1959. It was a majority government. The cabinet was formed after the parliamentary election of 1958.

Communist Party of Finland
The Communist Party of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP; Swedish: Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) was a communist political party in Finland. The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944.

The SKP was banned by the state from its founding and did not participate in any elections with its own name. Instead, front organisations were used. In the 1920s, the communists took part in the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (1920–1923) and the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (1924–1930). Both of them were also banned. In 1944, a new front, the Finnish People's Democratic League was formed. The SKP controlled these fronts but they always had a prominent minority of non-communist socialists.
Crișul Mic (Crișul Negru)
The Crișul Mic is a left tributary of the Crișul Negru in Bihor County, western Romania. It joins the Crișul Negru downstream of Ginta. Its length is 17 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 41 km2 (16 sq mi).

Bihor County
Bihor County (Romanian pronunciation: [biˈhor] ⓘ, Hungarian: Bihar megye) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of 7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi), Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea (Nagyvárad).
Charlie Swindells
Charles Jay "Swin" Swindells (October 26, 1878 – July 22, 1940) played Major League baseball as a catcher for the St. Louis Cardinals in September, 1904. He went to Stanford University. He was the manager of the Community of the Northwestern League in 1907.

Northwestern League
The Northwestern League was a sports league that operated in the Central United States during the early years of professional baseball for six seasons: 1879, 1883–1884, 1886–1887, and 1891. After the 1887 season, the league was replaced by the Western Association, although the Northwestern League returned for its final season in 1891 as an independent baseball league.

The Northwestern League of 1883–1884 is considered the first baseball "minor league", as it was party to the National Agreement of 1883, along with the National League and American Association, whereby the leagues agreed to honor each other's suspensions, expulsions, and player reserve clauses, and established territorial rights.

An unrelated Northwestern League, located in the Pacific Northwest, later formed in 1905.
Berestiany
Berestiany (Ukrainian: Берестяни; Polish: Brześciany) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. Volia-Berestiany belongs to Biskovychi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village was first mentioned in 1469. The local Orthodox church was mentioned in 1507. In the interwar period the village belonged to Poland. A Catholic parish was erected in 1920. Before World War 2 Berestiany had around 1,200 inhabitants, one third of them were Poles.

Sambir Raion
Sambir Raion (Ukrainian: Самбірський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Sambir. Population: 221,896 (2022 estimate). It was established in 1965.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Sambir Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Staryi Sambir and Turka Raions, as well as the city of Sambir, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Sambir Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 67,063 (2020 est.).
Nepheline-bearing gabbro
Nepheline-bearing gabbro is an intrusive igneous rock with a composition intermediate between gabbro and nepheline gabbro. It is defined in the QAPF classification as coarse-grained igneous rock in which feldspathoids makes up 0% to 10% of the QAPF mineral fraction and are predominantly nepheline; plagioclase makes up 90% or more of the total feldspar content; and the plagioclase is calcium-rich (%An > 50).

Feldspathoid
The feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a different structure and much lower silica content. They occur in rare and unusual types of igneous rocks, and are usually not found in rocks containing primary quartz. A notable exception where feldspathoids and quartz-bearing rocks are found together is the Red Hill Syenite.

Foid, a contraction of the term feldspathoid, is applied to any igneous rock containing up to 60% modal feldspathoid minerals. For example, a syenite with significant nepheline present can be termed a nepheline-bearing syenite or nepheline syenite, with the term nepheline replaceable by any foid mineral. Such terminology is used in the Streckeisen (QAPF) classification of igneous rocks.
Mayor of the Liverpool City Region
The mayor of the Liverpool City Region (also styled as metro mayor) is the directly elected mayor of the Liverpool City Region, who is responsible for regional governance over a number of areas, the Mayor has powers devolved to them from the Central Government, as well as this the mayor chairs the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.

The office was created under the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 which allowed for the creation of 'mayors' to lead combined authorities in England.

The first, and current, officeholder is Steve Rotheram, who was elected to the post in May 2017 and was elected for second and third terms in 2021 and 2024 respectively.

2017 Liverpool City Region mayoral election
The 2017 Liverpool City Region mayoral election was held on 4 May 2017 to elect the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority and won by Steve Rotheram. Subsequent elections were planned for May 2020 but were postponed until May 2021 due to the covid pandemic with subsequent elections due every four years. The metro mayor will have control over the whole Liverpool City Region combined authority area which consists of the following local authorities:

Halton

Knowsley

Liverpool

St Helens

Sefton

Wirral

The mayor will work with existing city and borough leaders to take forward the mayor's strategic plan. The metro mayor will have a budget of £900 million over 30 years with powers on education & skills, planning and housing, transport, health and social care.
Velotti
Velotti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agustín Velotti (born 1992), Argentine tennis player

Luigi Velotti, Italian coxswain

Maria Velotti (1826–1886), founder of the Suore Francescane Adoratrici della Santa Croce

Stephen A. Velotti

Maria Velotti
Maria Velotti (16 November 1826 - 3 September 1886), religious name Maria Luigia del Santissimo Sacramento, was an Italian religious sister. She was a member in the Third Order of Saint Francis and the founder of the Suore Francescane Adoratrici della Santa Croce. In her childhood she was raised in two different households after her parents died and she was exposed to the Franciscan charism under her second spiritual director. In 1854 she was professed into the Franciscan Third Order and in 1877 founded her religious order. Velotti also experienced several visions in her life such as visions of Jesus Christ and Francis of Assisi. Pope Francis beatified her in  2020.
Bernard of Besse
Bernard of Besse was a French Friar Minor and chronicler.

He was a native of Aquitaine, with date of birth uncertain; he belonged to the custody of Cahors and was secretary to St. Bonaventure. He took up the pen after the Seraphic Doctor, he tells us, to gather the ears the latter had dropped from his sheaf, lest anything of so great a memory as that of St. Francis might perish.

Aquitaine
Aquitaine (UK: /ˌækwɪˈteɪn/, US: /ˈækwɪteɪn/; French: [akitɛn] ⓘ; Occitan: Aquitània [akiˈtanjɔ]; Basque: Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Aguiéne), archaic Guyenne or Guienne (Occitan: Guiana), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former administrative region. Since 1 January 2016 it has been part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is situated in the southwest corner of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of five departments: Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes, and Gironde. The Romans established Gallia Aquitania as a province. In the Middle Ages, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy whose boundaries fluctuated considerably. For most of Aquitaine's written history, Bordeaux has been a vital port and administrative centre.
Frode Alfheim
Frode Alfheim (born 25 July 1967 in Dønna Municipality) is a Norwegian trade unionist and president of the Norwegian trade union Forbundet Styrke from 2017.

He was the deputy chairman of its predecessor Norwegian Oil and Petrochemical Union (NOPEF) from 2004 to 2006, union-political area head for Industri Energi between 2006 and 2010, and deputy chairman of Industri Energi from 2010 to 2017. Alfheim has been professionally active since 1986.

In 2018, Frode Alfheim was elected as leader of the world's oil and energy workers during IndustriALL Global's energy section's world conference in St. Petersburg on July 25 and 26.

Alfheim is chairman of the committee that decides who will receive the annual Arthur Svensson International Prize for professional rights.

IndustriALL Global Union
IndustriALL Global Union is a global union federation, founded in Copenhagen on 19 June 2012.

IndustriALL Global Union represents more than 50 million working people in more than 140 countries, working across the supply chains in mining, energy and manufacturing sectors at the global level.
Philip Corbin
Philip Corbin (born 1957) is a Barbadian FIDE Master chess player.

Corbin is a seven-time champion of Barbados and has represented Barbados in eleven Chess Olympiads from 1986 through 2008, playing first board in 1986, 1990, 1998, and 2000.

He is known for using the Elephant Gambit when playing with the black pieces, most notably in his 2006 simultaneous exhibition win over English GM Nigel Short.
He also plays the Budapest Gambit and the Scandinavian Defense as black.
 In a television interview Corbin said that he attempts to play chess in an innovative and entertaining style and referred to his playing style as "Calypso Chess."

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974), is a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court establishing the standard of First Amendment protection against defamation claims brought by private individuals.  The Court held that, so long as they do not impose liability without fault, states are free to establish their own standards of liability for defamatory statements made about private individuals.  However, the Court also ruled that if the state standard is lower than actual malice, the standard applying to public figures, then only actual damages may be awarded.

The consequence is that strict liability for defamation is unconstitutional in the United States; the plaintiff must be able to show that the defendant acted negligently or with an even higher level of mens rea.  In many other common law countries, strict liability for defamation is still the rule.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
Leslie Landau
Leslie Lesser Landau (28 November 1904 – 1977) was a British director, film producer, screenwriter, screenplay editor and playwright.
 He also served as the newsreel editor of British Movietone News from 1929 to 1935 at a time the power of newsreel from a political perspective was first used. He was honoured for landmark film journalism.

Newsreel
A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, information, and entertainment for millions of moviegoers. Newsreels were typically exhibited preceding a feature film, but there were also dedicated newsreel theaters in many major cities in the 1930s and ’40s, and some large city cinemas also included a smaller theaterette where newsreels were screened continuously throughout the day.

By the end of the 1960s television news broadcasts had supplanted the format. Newsreels are considered significant historical documents, since they are often the only audiovisual record of certain cultural events.