hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hockenhull Platts
The Hockenhull Platts are three bridges southwest of the village of Tarvin, Cheshire, England. They are also known as the "Packhorse Bridges" or (erroneously) the "Roman Bridges", and are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated Grade II listed buildings.  The bridges are situated where Platts Lane crosses the River Gowy. An area of 5 hectares (12 acres) west of the Gowy, including the westernmost bridge, forms Hockenhull Platts Nature Reserve, managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust.

Packhorse bridge
A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. Typically a packhorse bridge consists of one or more narrow (one horse wide) masonry arches, and has low parapets so as not to interfere with the panniers borne by the horses. Multi-arched examples sometimes have triangular cutwaters that are extended upward to form pedestrian refuges.: 24–25

Packhorse bridges were often built on the trade routes (often called packhorse routes) that formed major transport arteries across Europe and Great Britain until the coming of the turnpike roads and canals in the 18th century. Before the road-building efforts of Napoleon, all crossings of the Alps were on packhorse trails. Travellers' carriages were dismantled and transported over the mountain passes by ponies and mule trains.
Municipal Borough of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
50°36′40″N 2°27′11″W﻿ / ﻿50.611°N 2.453°W﻿ / 50.611; -2.453
Weymouth and Melcombe Regis was a borough in England.  It was formed by a charter of Elizabeth I, amalgamating the towns of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in 1571.

Melcombe Regis
Melcombe Regis is an area of Weymouth in Dorset, England. Situated on the north shore of Weymouth Harbour and originally part of the waste of Radipole, it seems only to have developed as a significant settlement and seaport in the 13th century.
Brigades of Navarre
The Brigades of Navarre (Spanish: Brigadas de Navarra), also known as Navarrese Brigades, were six brigades composed mainly of Navarrese requeté that participated in the Spanish Civil War. They constituted the main nucleus of the Nationalist Army that carried out the Biscay Campaign, including the decisive battle of Bilbao. Once the brigades won the War in the North, they became divisions.

The brigades have been defined as a shock troop equivalent, in terms of value and performance, to the Army of Africa. Each brigade had a strength ranging from 4,000 to 6,000.

Julio Aróstegui
Julio Aróstegui Sánchez (1939–2013) was a Spanish historian. Professor at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), some of his research lines included the study of political violence in Modern Spanish history, Carlism, the Spanish Transition, the Spanish Civil War, the history of the workers' movement and collective memory. His scholar production also intertwined with the theoretical problems of history and the methodology of research.
Don Walsh
Don Walsh (November 2, 1931 – November 12, 2023) was an American oceanographer, U.S. Navy officer and marine policy specialist.  While aboard the bathyscaphe Trieste, he and Jacques Piccard made a record maximum descent in the Challenger Deep on January 23, 1960, to 35,813 feet (10,916 m). Later and more accurate measurements have measured it at 35,798 feet (10,911 m).

Proceedings (magazine)
Proceedings is a monthly print magazine published by the U.S. Naval Institute. Most issues are 96 pages in print and are also published online, along with regular online-only content. Launched in 1874, it is one of the oldest continuously published magazines in the United States. In accordance with the Naval Institute's mission, Proceedings exists to advance the professional, literary, and scientific understanding of sea power and other issues critical to global security. Most Proceedings content focuses on the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, but there are contributions from allied navies and the broader joint force. Most articles are contributed by military professionals and civilian experts. Topics range from strategy to tactics to leadership and technology. Proceedings frequently carries feature articles top leaders of the Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard.
European Coalition
European Coalition was the name adopted by various electoral coalitions formed in Spain for elections to the European Parliament. The coalitions were headed by Canarian Coalition. In 2019 the European Coalition was formed in Poland for elections to the European Parliament in 2019 by liberals and post-communists associated with PO and SLD.

European Coalition (1999), in the 1999 election.

European Coalition (2004), in the 2004 election.

European Coalition (Poland), in the 2019 election.

European Coalition (2004)
European Coalition (Spanish: Coalición Europea, CE) was a Spanish electoral list in the European Parliament election in 2004 made up from various regionalist and moderate nationalist parties. The coalition failed to gain any representation in the European Parliament.
1995–96 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The 1995–96 FIS Cross-Country World Cup  was the 15th official World Cup season in cross-country skiing for men and women. The season began in Vuokatti, Finland, on 25 November 1995 and finished at Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway, on 16 March 1996. Bjørn Dæhlie of Norway won the combined men's cup, and Manuela Di Centa of Italy won the women's.

Holmenkollen
Holmenkollen (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhɔ̂ɫmn̩ˌkɔɫn̩]) is a mountain and a neighbourhood in the Vestre Aker borough of Oslo, Norway. It goes up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level and is well known for its international skiing competitions.
Egyptian Friendship Cup
Egyptian Friendship Cup, is an Egyptian official football tournament. It was organized by the Egyptian Ministry of Youth and Sport and the Egyptian Football Association. The tournament was held once in 1986. It was launched for fundraising for the Egyptian external debt minimization program. The final match took place in the Cairo Stadium.

Cairo International Stadium
The Cairo International Stadium (Egyptian Arabic: ستاد القاهرة الدولي), formerly known as Nasser Stadium, is an Olympic-standard, multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 75,000. The architect of the stadium is the German Werner March, who designed the Olympic Stadium in Berlin from 1934 to 1936. The engineering and construction supervision of the stadium was performed by ACE Moharram Bakhoum. It is the 69th largest stadium in the world and the 3rd largest stadium in Egypt.

Located in Nasr City; a suburb north east of Cairo, it was completed in 1960, and was inaugurated by President Gamal Abd El Nasser on 23 July that year which coincided with the eighth anniversary of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952
Paul Kuhn (tenor)
Paul Kuhn (12 September 1874, Silesia – 20 June 1966, New York City) was a German operatic tenor who specialized in the buffo repertoire. He studied singing in Breslau and performed at important opera houses and festivals in Germany and Austria like the Bavarian State Opera, the Bayreuth Festival, the Darmstadt Opera, and the Salzburg Festival. He notably portrayed the role of Mateo in the world premiere of Erich Wolfgang Korngold's Violanta at the National Theatre Munich in 1916. In 1917, he created the role of Bernardo Novagerio in the premiere of Hans Pfitzner's Palestrina at the Prinzregententheater. In 1933, he and his wife, Charlotte Kuhn-Brunner, moved to the United States for political reasons.

Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera. Like many theaters, it usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, backstage facilities for costumes and building sets, as well as offices for the institution's administration.

While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed, the term opera house is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing arts center.
Riebe
Riebe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Riebe (1904–1987), Australian artist

Bill Riebe (1917–2000), American basketball player

David Riebe (born 1988), Swedish composer

Ernest Riebe, German-born American cartoonist

Hank Riebe (1921–2001), American baseball player

Kathleen Riebe, American politician

Mel Riebe (1916–1977), American basketball player

John Riebe (Born 1958) Renowned American carpenter, Black belt in kanreikai karate.

John M. Riebe
John Michael Riebe (8 May 1921 – 21 February 2011) was an American aeronautical engineer and inventor who contributed to the early designs of flight surfaces.  Other significant contributions included being project engineer in the development of the Grumman F8F Bearcat fighter, involvement with short takeoff and landing projects for airline terminals, and work on control systems for rockets, flying boats, delta wings and powered lift systems.  He performed tests in the numerous wind tunnels of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics' Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory in Langley Field, Virginia (now NASA's Langley Research Center in Langley Air Force Base, Virginia), where he was employed.

Many of the tests he performed, as well as the resulting data and reports, were classified at the time because they were wartime reports, but have been since declassified and available to the general public.
NordPass
NordPass is a proprietary password manager launched in 2019. It allows its users to organize their passwords and secure notes by keeping them in a single encrypted vault. NordPass, which operates on a freemium business model, was developed by the VPN service NordVPN.

NordPass is available natively on Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS, as well as via browser extensions for web browsers.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Annika Markovic
Annika Lisa Markovic (born 9 June 1964) is a Swedish diplomat. From 1 September 2025 Annika Markovic has joined the Stockholm Environment Institute as their Engagement and Impact Director. She is currently responsible for communication and outreach building a bridge between science and policy decisions. She has formerly been appointed as the ambassador to Austria and Slovakia from 2021 to 2025, the Netherlands from 2018 to 2021, Brazil from 2008 to 2011, and the Philippines from 2003 to 2007.

Order of the Southern Cross
The National Order of the Southern Cross (Portuguese: Ordem Nacional do Cruzeiro do Sul) is a Brazilian order of chivalry founded by Emperor Pedro I on 1 December 1822. The order aimed to commemorate the independence of Brazil (7 September 1822) and the coronation of Pedro I (1 December 1822). The name derives from the geographical position of the country, under the constellation of the Southern Cross and also in memory of the name – Terra de Santa Cruz (Land of the Holy Cross) – given to Brazil following its first arrival by Europeans in 1500.
Infocap
Infocap, Training of the Populace Institute, described as "the university of the worker," is an institution created by the Society of Jesus and inspired by the thought of Alberto Hurtado. Its mission is to train and educate workers.

Alberto Hurtado
Alberto Hurtado, SJ (Latin American Spanish: [alˈβeɾto wɾˈtaðo]; born Luis Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga; January 22, 1901 – August 18, 1952), popularly known as Padre Hurtado, was a Chilean Jesuit priest, lawyer, social worker, and writer of Basque ancestry. He founded the Hogar de Cristo foundation in 1944.

Hurtado was canonized on October 23, 2005, by Pope Benedict XVI, becoming his country's second saint.
William Cowhig
William Cowhig (5 April 1887 – 16 August 1964) was a British gymnast who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics, the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was part of the British team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, European system event in 1912. In the individual all-around competition he finished 29th. As a member of the British team in 1920 he finished fifth in the team, European system competition.

Gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's team
The men's team was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which was one of three team gymnastics events held in 1920 (along with the free system team event and the Swedish system team event). The competition was held on Monday, 23 August 1920 and on Tuesday, 24 August 1920. Five teams competed, for a total of 120 gymnasts.
Aankhibhui
Aankhibhui is a village development committee in Sankhuwasabha District in the Kosi Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7019 people living in 1296 individual households. It was VDC with highest population in the district.

Sankhuwasabha District
Sankhuwasabha District (Nepali: सङ्खुवासभा जिल्ला Listenⓘ)  is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district's area is 3,480 km2 with a population of 159,203 in 2001 and 158,742 in 2011. The administrative center is Khandbari.

Bordering districts are Bhojpur, Tehrathum, Dhankuta, Solukhumbu and Taplejung in Koshi Province. Tingri County of Shigatse Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China borders to the north.
Susan Estrada
Susan Estrada is in the Internet Hall of Fame for founding CERFnet, one of the original regional IP networks, in 1988. Through her leadership and collaboration with PSINet and UUnet, Estrada helped form the interconnection enabling the first commercial Internet traffic via the Commercial Internet Exchange.

She founded Aldea Communications, Inc. and wrote Connecting to the Internet in 1993. Estrada was inducted to the Internet Hall of Fame in 2014.

Formerly on the board of trustees of the Internet Society.

Internet Society
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American non-profit advocacy organization whose purpose is to promote an open and safe internet. Founded in 1992, it has offices in Reston, Virginia, United States, and Geneva, Switzerland, with local chapters around the world.
LeadGenius
LeadGenius is a privately held software as a service, marketing automation, and demand generation startup located in Berkeley, California.  The company uses a combination of artificial intelligence and human computation to identify and communicate with targeted sales leads.  The company's crawlers comb through websites, business directories, government filings, and credit data to train a machine learning system for business-to-business sales.

LeadGenius is the first crowdsourcing company to set a minimum wage for its workers tied to the cost of living in the country they are working in.

The company launched in Y Combinator’s Summer 2011 class under the name MobileWorks. It has since raised $6 million in venture funding from investors such as Sierra Ventures, Andreessen Horowitz, Alexis Ohanian, Mitch Kapor, Dave McClure, and Sam Altman.

Alexis Ohanian
Alexis Kerry Ohanian (born April 24, 1983) is an American internet entrepreneur and investor. He is best known as the co-founder and former executive chairman of the social media site Reddit along with Steve Huffman and Aaron Swartz. He also co-founded the early-stage venture capital firm Initialized Capital, helped launch the travel search website Hipmunk and started the social enterprise Breadpig. He was also a partner at the startup accelerator and venture capital firm Y Combinator.

Ohanian is based in Florida where he lives with his wife, former tennis player Serena Williams and their daughters, Alexis Olympia Ohanian and Adira River Ohanian.

As of 2024, Ohanian's net worth is estimated at $150 million.
Cloacin immunity protein
In molecular biology, the cloacin immunity protein is produced by bacteria if they contain a certain bacteriocinogenic plasmid. It inhibits the polypeptide bacterial toxin, cloacin, which is produced by the same or other bacteria. It complexes with cloacin in equimolar quantities and inhibits it by binding with high affinity to the cloacin C-terminal catalytic domain.

The immunity protein is relatively small, containing 85 amino acids. An extra ribosome binding site has been found to precede the immunity gene on the polycistronic Clo DF13 mRNA, which perhaps accounts for the fact that, in cloacinogenic cells, more immunity protein than cloacin is synthesised. Comparison of the complete amino acid sequence of the Clo DF13 immunity protein with that of the Col E3 and Col E6 immunity proteins reveals extensive similarities in primary structure, although Col E3 and Clo DF13 immunity proteins are exchangeable only to a low extent in vivo and in vitro.

Microbial toxin
Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses. Many microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system.  Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are in the outer plasma membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin, which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium species, is the most toxic substance known in the world. However, microbial toxins also have important uses in medical science and research. Currently, new methods of detecting bacterial toxins are being developed to better isolate and understand these toxins. Potential applications of toxin research include combating microbial virulence, the development of novel anticancer drugs and other medicines, and the use of toxins as tools in neurobiology and cellular biology.
Axis Sally
Axis Sally was the generic nickname given to women radio personalities who broadcast English-language propaganda on behalf of the European Axis powers during World War II. These included:

Mildred Gillars, a German American who broadcast for Nazi Germany. She was "the first woman in US history to be convicted of treason" by the United States and following  her arrest in Berlin, "on 8 March 1949 was sentenced to ten to thirty years' imprisonment."

Rita Zucca, an Italian American who broadcast for Fascist Italy.

On their radio shows, the two Axis Sally personalities would typically alternate between swing music and propaganda messages aimed at American troops. These messages would typically emphasize the value of surrender, stoke fears that soldiers' wives and girlfriends were cheating on them, and point out that the Axis powers knew their locations. American soldiers listened to Gillars' broadcasts for the popular music, even as they found her attempts at propaganda "laughable".

Swing music
Swing music is a style of jazz that developed in the United States during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It became nationally popular from the mid-1930s. Swing represents the most famous era of jazz as a genre of entertainment, before the emergence of modern jazz. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. The danceable swing style of big bands and bandleaders such as Fletcher Henderson and Benny Goodman was the dominant form of American popular music from 1935 to 1946, known as the swing era, when people were dancing the Lindy Hop. The verb "to swing" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong groove or drive. Big band leaders of the swing era include Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Jimmie Lunceford, Cab Calloway, Benny Carter, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Earl Hines, Bunny Berigan, Harry James, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw.
Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)
The Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611) was a continuation of struggle between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over control of Livonia and Estonia, as well as the dispute over the Swedish throne between Charles IX of Sweden and Sigismund III of Poland. After skirmishes, sieges and battles often aborted by Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, a truce was signed until the later invasion by the Russians.

Pärnu
Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu]) is a city in southwest Estonia. Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second-largest city, Tartu. The city sits off the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. In the city, the Pärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga.

Pärnu is a popular summer holiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels, restaurants and large beaches.  The city is served by Pärnu Airport.
The Vision Bleak
The Vision Bleak is a German gothic metal band comprising Ulf Theodor Schwadorf (famous for his work with Empyrium and Noekk) and Allen B. Konstanz. The group's lyrics are noted for their horror themes and heavily allude to works of classic writers/filmmakers of the genre, such as H. P. Lovecraft, Edgar Allan Poe, George A. Romero and John Carpenter, among others. They self-describe their musical style, which mixes gothic metal, doom metal, symphonic metal and horror punk aesthetics, as "horror metal".

Horror punk
Horror punk is a music genre that mixes punk rock and 1950s-influenced doo-wop and rockabilly sounds with morbid and violent imagery and lyrics which are often influenced by horror films and science fiction B-movies. The genre was pioneered by the Misfits during the late 1970s to early 1980s, followed by bands such as Mourning Noise, the Undead and Samhain.

By the late 1990s to early 2000s, the genre gained wider prominence through the Misfits' reunion tour, as well as the success of groups like AFI, Son of Sam and the Murderdolls, which was then later proliferated by the formation of Blitzkid, Calabrese and Creeper.
Peter Paul Brauer
Peter Paul Brauer (16 May 1899, in Elberfeld – 28 April 1959, in Berlin) was a German film producer and film director.

In 1928, he became involved in film production in the Netherlands. That same year he returned to Germany and, over several years, produced several short films.  After the takeover of the Nazis in March 1933, Brauer was production manager at the UFA. After 1938, he directed a number of feature films, mostly comedies.

Between April 1939 and November 1940 Brauer was production chief of Terra Film.  At the beginning of 1940, Brauer was assigned by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels to produce the anti-Semitic film Jud Süß (1940).  Brauer assigned himself the task of directing the film; however, he ran into difficulties in casting.  Frustrated at the delay, Goebbels removed him in favor of Veit Harlan.

In the 1940s, Brauer concentrated on directing and collaborated on some screenplays.  Brauer was a member of the Nazi Party.

Veit Harlan
Veit Harlan (22 September 1899 – 13 April 1964) was a German film director and actor. Harlan reached the high point of his career as a director in the Nazi era; most notably his antisemitic film Jud Süß (1940) makes him controversial. While viewed critically for his ideologies, a number of critics consider him a capable director on the grounds of such work as Opfergang (1944).