hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regular economy
A regular economy is an economy characterized by an excess demand function which has the property that its slope at any equilibrium price vector is non-zero. In other words, if we graph the excess demand function against prices, then the excess demand function "cuts" the x-axis assuring that each equilibrium is locally unique. Local uniqueness in turn permits the use of comparative statics - an analysis of how the economy responds to external shocks - as long as these shocks are not too large.

An important result due to Debreu (1970) states that almost any economy, defined by an initial distribution of consumers' endowments, is regular. In technical terms, the set of nonregular economies is of Lebesgue measure zero.

Combined with the index theorem this result implies that almost any economy will have a finite (and odd) number of equilibria.

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Lower Austrian Football Association
The Lower Austrian Football Association (German: Niederösterreichischer Fussballverband; NÖFV) is the umbrella organization of the football clubs of the Austrian state Lower Austria. The NÖFV was founded in 1911 and has its headquarters in Sankt Pölten.

The NÖFV is one of 8 regional organizations of the Austrian Football Association (German: Österreichischer Fußball-Bund, ÖFB).

The NÖFV is provider of the Sportschule Lindabrunn.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Osmund Ueland
Osmund Ueland (born 27 September 1947) is a Norwegian civil servant and former CEO of Norges Statsbaner (NSB).

An engineer by education, he worked for Aker from 1975 to 1990. From 1990 to 1994, he headed the Lillehammer Olympic Organising Committee (LOOC). In 1994, he was hired as CEO for NSB Gardermobanen; the next year he was promoted to become CEO in the Norwegian State Railways. In 1996, the Norwegian State Railways was demerged to create two entities; Norges Statsbaner and the Norwegian National Rail Administration. Ueland was the director of both, leaving the National Rail Administration in 1999. He was then fired after heavy criticism related to his leadership of NSB in 2000.

Lillehammer Olympic Organizing Committee
The Lillehammer Olympic Organizing Committee or LOOC was the company responsible for organizing the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. The company was founded on 15 November 1988, after Lillehammer's successful bid to host the games, and led by Gerhard Heiberg. It was reorganized several times with various subsidiaries, but from 1993 consisted of a single company owned 51% by Lillehammer Municipality, 24.5% by the Government of Norway and 24.5% by the Norwegian Olympic Committee.

Chief executive Henrik Andenæs and vice chief executive Petter Rønningen were both decorated as Knights, First Class of the Order of St. Olav for their efforts in LOOC; Heiberg was decorated as Commander.
Purdy, Washington
Purdy is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place north of the city of Gig Harbor, and at the junction of Washington State Routes 16 and 302 on the northern boundary of Pierce County, Washington.

Purdy is on the shores of Burley Lagoon and Henderson Bay at the northern end of Carr Inlet in Puget Sound. The lagoon and bay are separated by a sandspit and the Purdy Bridge.

The Washington Corrections Center for Women, originally named the Purdy Treatment Center, is colloquially referred to as "Purdy", though it has a Gig Harbor address.

As of the 2010 US Census, Purdy had a population of 1544.

Spit (landform)
A spit or sandspit is a deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores. It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, such as at a cove's headlands, by the process of longshore drift by longshore currents. The drift occurs because waves meet the beach at an oblique angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further transport sediment through the water alongside the beach. These currents are caused by the same waves that cause the drift.
Rongshui Miao Autonomous County
Rongshui Miao Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 融水苗族自治县; traditional Chinese: 融水苗族自治縣; pinyin: Róngshuǐ Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn; Standard Zhuang: Yungzsuij Myauzcuz Swciyen; Hmu: Ghab Yinb) is under the administration of Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The seat of Rongshui County is Rongshui Town. It borders the prefecture-level divisions of Qiandongnan (Guizhou) to the north and Hechi to the west.

Rongshui Miao Autonomous County is the only Miao majority county in Guangxi, with 40 percent of the total population representing the Miao nation.

Hechi
Hechi (Chinese: 河池) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China, bordering Guizhou to the north. In June 2002 it gained city status. Its capital is Yizhou (Chinese: 宜州（广西）).
Tin Hau Temple, Causeway Bay
The Tin Hau Temple in Causeway Bay is one of the Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong. It is located at 10 Tin Hau Temple Road, Causeway Bay, east of Victoria Park, in Eastern District, on Hong Kong Island. The temple has given its name to the MTR station serving it (Island line), and consequently the neighbouring area of Tin Hau.

Island line (MTR)
The Island line (Chinese: 港島綫) is one of ten lines of the MTR, the mass transit system in Hong Kong. It runs from Kennedy Town in the Western district to Chai Wan in the Eastern District on Hong Kong Island, passing through the territory's major business districts of Central, Wan Chai and Causeway Bay, and connecting them with built-up areas on the north shore of the island.

The line first opened on 31 May 1985. As of 2022 it travels 16.3 kilometres (10.1 mi) in 25 minutes along its route, serving 17 stations.
Schlei (Amt)
Schlei was an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated on the south-eastern bank of the Schlei, an inlet of the Baltic Sea, between Eckernförde and Schleswig. The village Fleckeby was the seat of the Amt.

In January 2008, it was merged with the Ämter Schwansen and Windeby to form the Amt Schlei-Ostsee.

The Amt Schlei consisted of the following municipalities (population in 2005 between brackets):

Fleckeby (1,808)

Güby (842)

Hummelfeld (275)

Kosel (1,339)

Rieseby (2,559)

Fleckeby
Fleckeby (German pronunciation: [ˈflɛkəbyː]; Danish: Flækkeby) is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

Fleckeby is east of the municipality of Güby, but north of Hummelfeld.
Arne Wilhelmsen
Arne Wilhelmsen (15 June 1929 – 11 April 2020) was a Norwegian billionaire businessman, the co-founder of Royal Caribbean Cruises.

Wilhelmsen was born in June 1929, and earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University.

When he died, his net worth was estimated at US$1.5 billion.

Wilhelmsen was married, with three children and lived in Oslo, Norway. He died on 11 April 2020, in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. He was 90.

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Jacob Dlamini (author)
Jacob Dlamini (born 1973) is a South African journalist, historian and author. He is currently an assistant professor of history at Princeton University, specialising in African history. He has written four books about South African political and social history, each of which seeks to complicate popular narratives about Apartheid and black experience in South Africa.

Martin A. Klein
Martin A. Klein (born 1934 in New York City) is an Africanist and an emeritus professor in the History Department at the University of Toronto specializing in the study of African slavery, and francophone West Africa: Senegal, Guinea, and Mali.

He has contributed to African historiography, with a focus on slavery, the slave trade, and the impact of colonialism on African societies. He is a past president of both the African Studies Association (U.S.) and the Canadian Association of African Studies.
Computer: A History of the Information Machine
Computer: A History of the Information Machine is a history of computing written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray first published in 1996.  It follows the history of "information machines" from Charles Babbage's difference engine through Herman Hollerith's tabulating machines to the invention of the modern electronic digital computer.   A revised 2nd edition published in 2004 included new material on the Internet and World Wide Web, while the updated 3rd edition published in 2013 includes contributions from historians Nathan Ensmenger and Jeffrey Yost.  The 3rd edition extends the story to include recent phenomena such as social networking and revises the discussion of early history to reflect new insights from the literature.

Herman Hollerith
Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was a German-American statistician, inventor, and businessman who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting. His invention of the punched card tabulating machine, patented in 1884, marks the beginning of the era of mechanized binary code and semiautomatic data processing systems, and his concept dominated that landscape for nearly a century.

Hollerith founded a company that was amalgamated in 1911 with several other companies to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company. In 1924, the company was renamed "International Business Machines" (IBM) and became one of the largest and most successful companies of the 20th century. Hollerith is regarded as one of the seminal figures in the development of data processing.
Manfred Kokot
Manfred Kokot (born 3 January 1948 in Templin, Brandenburg) is a former East German athlete, who won the silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He did so alongside Jörg Pfeifer, Klaus-Dieter Kurrat and Alexander Thieme. In 1977, his team came in second place in the 4 × 100 m relay at the IAAF World Cup in Düsseldorf.

In 1971 Kokot became a co-holder of the European 100 m record with 10.0 seconds, and in 1973 he set the world record in 50 metres indoor sprint at 5.61 seconds.

1977 IAAF World Cup – Results
These are the results of the 1977 IAAF World Cup, an international track and field sporting event sponsored by the International Association of Athletics Federations, held on 2–4 September 1977 at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf, West Germany.

The World Cup was contested by 309 athletes from 54 countries, and the winning teams were East Germany (men) and Europe (women).

In each event eight athletes represented eight teams:

In men's events five teams represented continents (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Oceania) and the remaining three were three national teams (East Germany, West Germany and the United States).

In women's events West Germany team was replaced by Soviet Union

In each event athletes won points for their team, with 9 points won by gold medal winners, 7 points for silver medalists, six for bronze, and so on all the way to a single point for eighth-place finishers.
New Continent School
New Continent School (Spanish: Colegio Nuevo Continente, NC) is a private school system in Mexico. It has three campuses, all three owned by Ian El'hoe Quintana Master: Campus Cd. de México in Colonia Del Valle, Benito Juárez, Mexico City; Campus Cuernavaca in Temixco, Morelos; and Campus Metepec in Metepec, State of Mexico. The Mexico City campus serves toddlers through preparatoria (senior high school), the Metepec campus serves preschool through preparatoria, and the Cuernavaca campus serves maternal mamation through secundaria (middle school).

It is affiliated with Nuevo Continente Bajío.

It was first established in 1982, and its first campus was in Mexico City.

Metepec
Metepec  (Spanish: [meteˈpek] ⓘ) is a municipality in the State of Mexico in Mexico and is located directly to the east of the state capital, Toluca, at an altitude of 2,635 metres (8,645 ft) above sea level. The center of  Mexico City lies some 50 km further to the east. The city of Metepec also form part of the Greater Toluca. The name Metepec comes from Náhuatl meaning hill of the agave plants. However, it is also known in the Matlatzinca language as "Nepinta-Tuhi" meaning 'people of corn land' and in the Otomi language as "Ntaguada".
Proske
Proske is a German and North American last name which is either derived from the first name of Greek origin Ambrose or from a diminutive of any of several Slavic personal names with the first component Prosi- (from Proto-Slavic *prositi "to ask"), e.g. Prosimir or Prosislaw.
Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Proske (born 1986), Canadian rower and Olympic gold medalist

Beatrice Gilman Proske  (1899–2002), American art historian

Jenn Proske (born 1987), Canadian American actress

Karl Proske (1794–1861), German Catholic cleric

Oliver Proske (born 1971), German stage designer

Uwe Proske (born 1961), German fencer

Oliver Proske
Oliver Proske (born 21 September 1971 in Johannesburg) is a German stage designer, industrial designer, exhibition designer, producer and managing director. In 1998 he founded the Berlin-based independent theatre company Nico and the Navigators together with his partner Nicola Hümpel.
Doncaster Park & Ride bus station
Doncaster Park & Ride was a park and ride bus station and a future busway station located in Melbourne, Australia. It served the suburb of Doncaster and situates next to the Eastern Freeway, and opened in January 2003.

It closed on 12 January 2025 to allow room for a new road to be built for temporary access to the Eastern Freeway during construction of the North East Link. It is planned to be rebuilt and reopen in 2028.

Eastern Freeway (Melbourne)
The Eastern Freeway is an urban freeway in eastern Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. It is one of the busiest freeways in the city, running in an east-west direction between the two major inner-urban arterial roads of Alexandra Parade and Hoddle Street, and the EastLink tollway. It is continually the widest freeway in Melbourne, with 12 lanes altogether at its western end. In other locations it consists of between six and 12 lanes. One of these lanes is reserved as an inbound transit lane reserved for vehicles with two or more occupants during peak hours west of Burke Road.
Emilio Ingrosso
Emilio Ingrosso (born 16 July 1965) is a Swedish-Italian dancer, composer and restaurant owner. He was the background dancer for Pernilla Wahlgren when she performed the song Piccadilly Circus in Melodifestivalen 1985. The two married in 1993 and remained together until 2002. The couple has three children together: Oliver Ingrosso, Bianca Wahlgren Ingrosso and Benjamin Ingrosso. Ingrosso has been married to Åsa Björling since 2016. He owns two restaurants in Mallorca, Spain.

In the late 1980s, Ingrosso co-produced three of Pernilla Wahlgren's music albums. He also co-composed and co-wrote several of her songs, such as "Paradise", "I Need Your Love", "Pure Dynamite" and "Running For Cover". In 2017, he participated in his ex-wife Pernilla Wahlgren's reality series Wahlgrens värld. The show is broadcast on Kanal 5 and the streaming service MAX.

Kanal 5 (Swedish TV channel)
Kanal 5 (Channel 5) is a Swedish television channel that was launched in 1989. It is owned by the US-based media company Warner Bros. Discovery, changing its ownership from ProSiebenSat.1 Media in April 2013.

After a troublesome 1990s, Kanal 5 launched new strategies in the early 2000s (decade) that established it as a popular entertainment channel targeting young people. The channel's slogan is "Roligare TV" ("More Entertaining TV") and it only broadcasts entertainment, such as series, movies, reality series and infotainment documentaries. In 2006, the channel was the most popular channel among Swedes aged 15–24.
Jung Shoe Manufacturing Company Factory
The Jung Shoe Manufacturing Company Factory at 620 S. Eighth St. in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, United States, was built in 1906.  It was designed by architect William C. Weeks.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Sheboygan, Wisconsin
Sheboygan (/ʃɪˈbɔɪɡən/) is a city in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 49,929 at the 2020 census, while the Sheboygan metropolitan area had 118,034 residents. The city is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Sheboygan River, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) north of Milwaukee and 64 miles (103 kilometers) south of Green Bay.
Timothy Kitson
Sir Timothy Peter Geoffrey Kitson (28 January 1931 – 18 May 2019) was a British Conservative politician who was Member of Parliament for Richmond, North Yorkshire.  He was first elected at the 1959 general election, and stood down at the 1983 general election.

Richmond (Yorks)
Richmond (Yorks) was a constituency in North Yorkshire in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was represented from 1910 by members of the Conservative Party. The last MP for Richmond was Rishi Sunak from 2015 to 2024, who served as the Prime Minister and Conservative leader from 2022 to 2024.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat had minor boundary changes and was renamed to Richmond and Northallerton, first contested at the 2024 general election.
Anniston, Alabama
Anniston is a city and the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama, United States, and is one of two urban centers/principal cities of and included in the Anniston–Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Anniston had a population of 21,564. Named "The Model City" by Atlanta newspaperman Henry W. Grady for its careful planning in the late 19th century, the city is situated on the slope of Blue Mountain.

Henry W. Grady
Henry Woodfin Grady (May 24, 1850 – December 23, 1889) was an American journalist and orator who helped reintegrate the states of the Confederacy into the Union after the American Civil War. Grady encouraged the industrialization of the postbellum South, which Grady referred to as "The New South." He was praised by contemporaries and by authors Shavin and Galphin as a civic promoter, political strategist, and captivating speaker, and by Atlanta journalist Frederick Allen as a visionary. However, in modern times, Grady's arguments for the need for white supremacy in the post–Civil War South have resulted in his legacy being seen as mixed and overtly racist. Grady's name has been removed from several schools including Atlanta's former Grady High School. Grady was the father-in-law of Federal Reserve Chairman Eugene Robert Black and grandfather of banker and World Bank President Eugene R. Black Sr.
Robert Montagu, 3rd Earl of Manchester
Robert Montagu, 3rd Earl of Manchester JP (baptised 25 April 1634 – 14 March 1683) was an English courtier and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1671 when he inherited the peerage as Earl of Manchester.

Huntingdonshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Huntingdonshire was a parliamentary constituency covering the county of Huntingdonshire in England. It was represented by two members of Parliament in the House of Commons of England until 1707, then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and then in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It was reconstituted as a single-member seat in 1918 and abolished once again in 1983.
John Henry Prince
John Henry Prince (born November 15, 1914, date of death unknown) was an American Negro league third baseman who played in the 1930s.

A native of Lumberton, Mississippi, Prince played for the Chicago American Giants in 1936. In nine recorded games, he posted five hits in 28 plate appearances.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Mount Vernon Hospital
Mount Vernon Hospital is a hospital located in Northwood in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It is one of two hospitals run by The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, the other being Hillingdon Hospital.

Care Quality Commission
The Care Quality Commission (CQC) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care of the United Kingdom. It was established in 2009 to regulate and inspect health and social care providers in England. It was formed from three predecessor organisations:

the Healthcare Commission

the Commission for Social Care Inspection

the Mental Health Act Commission

The CQC's stated role is to make sure that hospitals, care homes, dental and general practices and other care services in England provide people with safe, effective and high-quality care, and to encourage those providers to improve. It carries out this role through checks during the registration process which all new care services must complete, as well as through inspections and monitoring of a range of data sources that can indicate problems with services.

Part of the commission's remit is protecting the interests of people whose rights have been restricted under the Mental Health Act.
It Happened to Jane
It Happened to Jane is a 1959 American romantic comedy film starring Doris Day, Jack Lemmon and Ernie Kovacs. It was directed by Richard Quine and written by Norman Katkov and Max Wilk. The film was coproduced by Quine and Day's husband Martin Melcher.

The film was re-released in 1961 under the title Twinkle and Shine.

Max Wilk
Max Wilk (July 3, 1920 – February 19, 2011) was an American playwright, screenwriter and author of fiction and nonfiction books. In all, Wilk was the author of 19 books, four films, three produced plays as well as many TV shows and magazine articles.