hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ablex Publishing
Ablex Publishing Corporation is a privately held publisher of books and academic journals in New York City, New York, USA. It was previously located in Norwood, New Jersey, and also at one time in Westport and Stamford, Connecticut. Ablex publishes edited volumes, monographs, research journals, and textbooks, focused on communication, education, library science, psychology, and technology. In 1997, Ablex became an affiliate company of the JAI Press subsidiary of Elsevier Science, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature. Ablex merged as an imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group in or after 2000; Greenwood itself was also part of Reed Elsevier since 1993, further merged with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2007, then sold with all imprints to ABC-Clio in 2008 (now a subsidiary of Bloomsbury Publishing).

RELX
RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England. Its businesses provide scientific, technical and medical information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations. It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.

The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, AEX Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index.
Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metres L3
The Women's 100 metres L3 was a sprinting event in athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics. It was unusual in that only one athlete took part. Although single athlete races had not been entirely uncommon during the 1960s, they had become very rare by 1984.

As the sole competitor, Twyanna Caldwell of the United States needed only to complete the race in order to win gold. She did so in a time of 21.73s.

United States at the 1984 Summer Paralympics
The United States sent a delegation to compete at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom and New York City, United States of America.  Its athletes finished first in the gold and overall medal count.

The 15 members of the United States Paralympic team at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Les Autres classes included four people with muscular dystrophy, two with multiple sclerosis, two with Friedreich's ataxia, one with arthrogryposis, three with osteogenesis imperfecta, and one with short stature.

At the 1984 Games, Great Britain won the most medals among all Les Autres events.  They claimed 55.  Spain was second with 38 and the United States was third with 26.
Paul G. Halpern
Paul G. Halpern (born 27 January 1937) is a retired American educator, naval historian and documentary editor. His primary focus has been the history of the Royal Navy in the period surrounding the First World War and in Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I. In describing his career of achievement in publishing six volumes of edited naval documents, "The Annual Report of the Council of the Navy Records Society" noted in 2016 that "Paul Halpern has served the Society notably". "Those who have edited a similar number are a distinguished group: Sir Julian Corbett, Michael Oppenheim, Professor David Syrett, and J. R. Tanner, while only Sir John Knox Laughton (with nine volumes) and the Admiralty Librarian David Bonner-Smith (with eight volumes) have outstripped him."

John Knox Laughton
Sir John Knox Laughton (23 April 1830 – 14 September 1915) was a British naval historian and arguably the first to delineate the importance of the subject of naval history as an independent field of study.  Beginning his working life as a mathematically trained civilian instructor for the Royal Navy, he later became professor of modern history at King's College London and a co-founder of the Navy Records Society.  A prolific writer of lives, he penned the biographies of more than 900 naval personalities for the Dictionary of National Biography.
Mars: War Logs
Mars: War Logs is a cyberpunk role-playing video game developed by Spiders and published by Focus Home Interactive. It was released in 2013 for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 (via Xbox Live Arcade), and PlayStation 3 (via PlayStation Network). The game is set on Mars and features a character who can specialize in stealth, combat or 'technomancy'.

Spiders CEO Jehanne Rousseau has described the game as featuring a variety of companions and side-quests, as well as a world which reacts to the moral choices made by the player. In June 2013, a new English localization was released for the game, containing rewritten game text and rerecorded dialog. It was followed by The Technomancer in 2016.

PlayStation Network
PlayStation Network (PSN) is a digital media entertainment service provided by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Launched in November 2006, PSN was originally conceived for the PlayStation video game consoles, but soon extended to encompass smartphones, tablets, Blu-ray players and high-definition televisions. It succeeded Sony Entertainment Network in 2015 and this service is the account for PlayStation consoles, accounts can store games and other content.

PlayStation Network's services are dedicated to an online marketplace (PlayStation Store), a premium subscription service for enhanced gaming and social features (PlayStation Plus), music streaming (PlayStation Music, based on Spotify), and formerly a cloud gaming service (PlayStation Now; folded into PlayStation Plus Premium in June 2022). The service is available in 73 territories.
Sainoo temple ruins
Sainoo temple ruins (斎尾廃寺跡, Sai-no-o Haiji ato) is an archeological site  with the ruins of a Hakuhō period Buddhist temple located in the Tsukishita neighborhood of the town of  Kotoura, Tottori prefecture, in the San'in region of Japan. It was designated as a National Historic Site in 1935 with the designation changed to that of a Special National Historic Site in 1952. Due to the good condition of the remains, it is the only nationally designated Special Historic Site in the San'in region; however, as the temple does not appear in any documented history, its actual name and history are unknown.

Tottori Prefecture
Tottori Prefecture (鳥取県, Tottori-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [tot.to.ɾʲi, tot.to.ɾʲiꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Tottori Prefecture is the least populous prefecture of Japan at 538,525 (2023) and has a geographic area of 3,507.13 square kilometres (1,354.11 mi2). Tottori Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the west, Hiroshima Prefecture to the southwest, Okayama Prefecture to the south, and Hyōgo Prefecture to the east.

Tottori is the capital and largest city of Tottori Prefecture, with other major cities including Yonago, Kurayoshi, and Sakaiminato. Tottori Prefecture is home to the Tottori Sand Dunes, the largest sand dunes system in Japan, and Mount Daisen, the highest peak in the Chūgoku Mountains.
Bear Creek Saloon and Steakhouse
Bearcreek Saloon and Steakhouse is a restaurant in the small town of Bearcreek, Montana. The Saloon is family owned by  (Bobby) Pits & Lynn DeArmond since it was purchased in 1982. The restaurant houses fund-raising pig races throughout the year that use full grown pigs in the summer and piglets in the winter, which are overseen by the Carbon County Health Department and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Saloon was involved in a lengthy legal battle over the legality of pig races with the Montana Board of Horse Racing, and it was eventually made legal in House Bill 433 in 1993. The Saloon is located seven miles outside of the city of Red Lodge, Montana on Montana Secondary Highway 308. Owner Bobby "Pitts" Dearmond was born and raised in Spearman, Texas before moving to Montana in the late 1970s.

Carbon County, Montana
Carbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,473. Its county seat is Red Lodge.

Carbon County is part of the Billings, MT Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Pisohamate ligament
The pisohamate ligament is a ligament in the hand. It connects the pisiform, a sesamoid bone in the wrist, to the hook of the hamate. It is a prolongation of the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

It serves as part of the origin for the abductor digiti minimi. It also forms the floor of the ulnar canal, a canal that allows the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery into the hand.

Ulnar artery
The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspects of the forearm.  It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery.  It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist.

Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins.

The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches.
Lectionary
A lectionary (Latin: lectionarium) is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion. There are sub-types such as a "gospel lectionary" or evangeliary, and an epistolary with the readings from the Epistles of the New Testament.

Isaiah 61
Isaiah 61 is the sixty-first chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 56-66 are often referred to as Trito-Isaiah. In chapters 60–62, "three magnificent chapters", the prophet "hails the rising sun of Jerusalem’s prosperity". According to Luke 4:17, Jesus, visiting the synagogue at Nazareth, was handed "the book of the prophet Isaiah" and "found the place" where the opening verses of this chapter were written. The New King James Version sub-titles this chapter "The Good News of Salvation". The speaker and message of this chapter have been linked with the Servant of Isaiah 40–55: although the word "servant" does not appear here, his actions are presented as actions of servanthood.
Sottocenere al tartufo
Sottocenere al tartufo is a very pale yellow to off-white cheese with truffles that has a grey-brown ash rind. It has a somewhat mild taste and is semi-soft in firmness.

Sottocenere (meaning "under ash") is originally from Venice, Italy, and is made with pasteurized cow's milk and slices of truffles, then rubbed with various herbs and spices. It is aged in an ash rind as a way to preserve it over a long period without losing flavor, a tradition in the Venetian region. The ash is also used to convey subtle flavors into the cheese, with a variety of spices (cinnamon and nutmeg, among others) mixed with the ash. The al tartufo refers to the addition of slivers of black truffle into the cheese, during the cheese making.

Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.
Polos Painter
The Polos Painter was a vase painter of the Attic black-figure style. His works date to c. 575 to 565 BC.

The Polos Painter is considered to have a distinctive personal style, while only being of mediocre artistic talent. Stylistically, he resembles the earlier Ragusa Group, which was strongly influenced by Corinthian vase painting. He was very productive. Most of his vases were decorated with “degenerate animal friezes” (John Boardman). His conventional name is based on the cross-hatched polos crowns worn by the women, animals and sirens he painted. More than 100 known vases and fragments are ascribed to him. His works were widely spread across the Greek world, presumably among less discerning customers; they have been found from Athens and Attica via Southern Italy to Spain, the Cyrenaica, Egypt and Asia Minor. He decorated all vase shapes then current; but preferred plates and lekanes.

Polos
The polos crown (plural poloi; Greek: πόλος) is a high cylindrical crown worn by mythological goddesses of the Ancient Near East and Anatolia and adopted by the ancient Greeks for imaging the mother goddesses Rhea, Cybele and Hera.

The word also meant an axis or pivot and is cognate with the English, 'pole'. It was often open at the top with hair cascading down from the sides, or it could be reduced to a ring.

In the classical period, mortal women seem not to have worn poloi, but they are more commonly seen in terracotta statues of women from the Mycenaean period, thus the use in statues of goddesses can be seen as a deliberate archaism.

Some poloi seem to have been made by weaving, though it is not clear what material. None have been found in archaeological digs, suggesting that they were not made of metal.
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a process of fibrosis, calcification, and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine, that may involve the spinal dura. Once considered a disorder unique to people of Asian heritage, it is now recognized as an uncommon disorder in a variety of patients with myelopathy.

Myelopathy
Myelopathy describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord. 
When due to trauma, myelopathy is known as (acute) spinal cord injury. When inflammatory, it is known as myelitis. Disease that is vascular in nature is known as vascular myelopathy.

The most common form of myelopathy in humans, cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) also called degenerative cervical myelopathy, results from narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) ultimately causing compression of the spinal cord. 
In Asian populations, spinal cord compression often occurs due to a different, inflammatory process affecting the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Bjarnadóttir
Bjarnadóttir is an Icelandic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Guðbjörg Jóna Bjarnadóttir (born 2001), Icelandic sprinter

Hafdís Bjarnadóttir (born 1977), Icelandic composer

Kristín Bjarnadóttir (1812–1891), Icelandic politician

Kristín Ýr Bjarnadóttir (born 1984), Icelandic footballer

Sóllilja Bjarnadóttir (born 1995), Icelandic basketball player

Valgerður Bjarnadóttir (born 1950), Icelandic politician

Sóllilja Bjarnadóttir
Sóllilja Bjarnadóttir (born 13 February 1995) is an Icelandic basketball player who plays for Njarðvík in the Icelandic top-tier Úrvalsdeild kvenna. Outside of Njarðvík, she has played with Breiðablik, Stjarnan, Valur and KR in Iceland. She played professionally for A3 Basket Umeå in the Basketligan dam during the 2021–2022 season.

On 24 February 2021, Sóllilja scored 28 points, including 17 points in a row, for Breiðablik in a victory against KR. She played for Breiðablik until December 2023 when the team folded.

In June 2024, Sóllilja signed with Grindavík.
Matrak
Matrak is an Ottoman combat sport based on sword and shield fighting, Invented by the Ottoman Bosnian statesman, historian and scientist Nasuh Matrakčija Visočak (full name in Turkish: Nasuh bin Karagöz bin Abdullah el-Bosnavî) in the 16th century. It is played with wooden sticks covered with leather simulating a sword, and a wooden leather covered shield. The top of the sticks are rounded and slightly wider than the body resembling bowling pins. The game is a kind of combat simulation, and is played on a lawn. It was used by Ottoman soldiers as practice for melee combat.

In the television series Muhteşem Yüzyıl, it is shown as a combat-game.

Melee
A melee (/ˈmeɪleɪ/ or /ˈmɛleɪ/) is hand-to-hand fighting among several people. The English term melee originated circa 1648 from the French word mêlée (French: [mɛle]), derived from the Old French mesler, from which medley and meddle were also derived.

The 1812 tabletop wargame Kriegsspiel, and H.G. Wells' 1913 Little Wars, referred to the hand-combat stage of the game as a melée, or mêlée, respectively. The term was brought over to tabletop role-playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons, and in turn to role-playing video games, to describe any form of close proximity and physical contact in combat.
Estádio Aníbal Torres Costa
Estádio Aníbal Torres Costa, usually simply Aníbal Costa is an association football stadium in Tubarão, near Santa Catarina, Brazil. The stadium holds 15,000 people. It was inaugurated in 1955. The stadium is owned by Hercílio Luz Futebol Clube and it is the home ground of Tubarão Futebol Clube.

Tubarão
Tubarão (lit. "shark") is a Brazilian municipality located in southern part of Santa Catarina state. The population, according to the IBGE/2020 estimate was 106,422.  It is the main city of the Tubarão River basin region, which comprises 20 municipalities and has a population of 350,000.
Skew lattice
In abstract algebra, a skew lattice is an algebraic structure that is a non-commutative generalization of a lattice. While the term skew lattice can be used to refer to any non-commutative generalization of a lattice, since 1989 it has been used primarily as follows.

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Limitless Win
Ant & Dec's Limitless Win, sometimes known simply as Limitless Win, is a British game show hosted by Ant & Dec. It premiered 8 January 2022 on ITV. It was created and is produced by Hello Dolly Ltd. It is also produced by Ant & Dec's Mitre Studios. The set's AR elements use Unreal Engine 4.

Unreal Engine 4
Unreal Engine 4 (UE4) is the fourth version of Unreal Engine developed by Epic Games. UE4 began development in 2003 and was released in March 2014, with the first game using UE4 launching in April 2014. UE4 introduced support for physically based materials and a new visual programming language called "Blueprints". It was succeeded by Unreal Engine 5.
Victoria the White Cat
Victoria is a principal character in the 1981 musical Cats, written by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on T. S. Eliot's 1939 Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. Primarily a dance role with no solo singing parts, the role demands extensive ballet training and a high degree of flexibility. The character is featured in a ballet solo ("White Cat Solo") as well as a pas de deux in the musical, and leads most of the ensemble dance routines.

The role was originated by Finola Hughes in the West End in 1981, and by Cynthia Onrubia on Broadway in 1982.

In the 2019 movie adaptation, the role is played by Francesca Hayward. Unlike her stage counterpart, this version is made the de facto protagonist of the film and has more of a singing role. She performs the film's sole new song "Beautiful Ghosts" as her signature song, as well as taking over Jemima's part in "Memory".

Victoria also appears in Andrew Lloyd Webber's 2001 Beijing concert as a white silhouette.

Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats
Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (1939) is a collection of whimsical light poems by T. S. Eliot about feline psychology and sociology, published by Faber and Faber. It serves as the basis for Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1981 musical Cats.

Eliot wrote the poems in the 1930s and included them, under his assumed name "Old Possum", in letters to his godchildren. Eliot tried to persuade the poet Ralph Hodgson to illustrate the poems but failed.
They were collected and published in 1939, with cover illustrations by the author, and quickly re-published in 1940, illustrated in full by Nicolas Bentley. They have also been published in versions illustrated by Edward Gorey (1982), Axel Scheffler (2009) and Rebecca Ashdown (2014).
Prasain
Prasain or Prasai (Nepali: प्रसाईं) is a surname belonging to the Khas people of both the Brahmin and Chhetri caste from Nepal.

Notable people with the surname Prasain include:

Deepika Prasain, Nepalese movie and theater actress

Ganga Prasad Prasain, Indian politician

Bishnu Prasad Prasain,  Nepali politician

Khanuparude (Rambabu Prasai), Nepali politician

Nanda Kumar Prasai, Nepali politician

Durga Prasai , Nepali businessman

Bishnu Prasad Prasain
Bishnu Prasad Prasain (Nepali: विष्णु प्रसाद प्रसाई) is a Former Governor of Bagmati Province. He was Appointed as the Governor, as per the Article 163 (2) of the Constitution of Nepal, by the President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal on 4 November 2019.
In 2051 BS, he was the Executive Chairman of the Nepal Tea Development Board and in 2054 BS, He served as the Deputy Chairman of the District Development Committee of Jhapa District. In 2056 BS. He was a CPN UML candidate for House of Representatives from Jhapa 3 (constituency) but he lost the election and In 2017 Nepalese local elections. He was again CPN UML candidate for the post of Mayor of Mechinagar Municipality but lost the election.