hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny
Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny (1937 – July 1, 2014) was a Kenyan politician and telecommunications executive. He served as the Managing Director of the now-defunct Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation from 1979 until 1993. Ng'eny also served as a member of the Parliament of Kenya for Ainamoi from 1997 to 2002 and the country's Minister of Water Development within the administration of former President Daniel arap Moi.

Ng'eny died, following a long illness, at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi on July 1, 2014, at the age of 77. His funeral was held at Consolata Shrine in the Westlands neighborhood on July 5, 2014. He chose cremation, rather than burial at his ancestral home, which is the norm for Kalenjin funeral rites. Other high-profile Kenyans who elected cremation include the late Wangari Maathai.

Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi
1°15′41″S 36°49′27″E﻿ / ﻿1.261313°S 36.824143°E﻿ / -1.261313; 36.824143
The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH, N) in Nairobi, Kenya, established in 1958, is a 300-bed long-term care facility offering general medical services, specialist clinics and diagnostic services. The hospital receives referrals for specialised medical care and diagnostic services from various hospitals and clinics in the region.

Founded by His Highness Aga Khan IV, the hospital provides a broad range of secondary and tertiary care, including diagnosis of disease and team management of patient care. The hospital also offers Home Care services in Nairobi, since 2024.
Bergfelde station
Bergfelde is a railway station in the Oberhavel district of Brandenburg on the Berlin outer ring. It is served by the S-Bahn line S8. The station was built along the line as part of a connection to Hohen Neuendorf from the rest of East Berlin after the previous one (now used by the S1) was cut off by the Berlin Wall.

S8 (Berlin)
S8 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Wildau to Birkenwerder over:

the Görlitz line, opened in 1866 and electrified in 1929,

the Ring line, completed in 1877 and electrified in 1926,

the Outer ring, completed on 22 November 1952 and electrified for the S-Bahn in 1962,

and a short section of the Prussian Northern line, opened on 10 July 1877 and electrified on 8 August 1925.
Human interaction with cats
Human interaction with cats relates to the hundreds of millions of cats that are kept as pets around the world. Cats were originally domesticated thousands of years ago for their ability to control pests and later became companions to humans. Despite their independent nature, cats enjoy human company. Cats communicate through vocalizations, body language and behaviors, forming strong bonds with their human owners. Owners provide food, shelter, medical care, play, and enrichment activities which improve their physical and mental well-being.

Moggy
A moggy is any cat which has not been intentionally bred. Moggies lack a consistent appearance unlike purebred cats that are selectively bred for appearance conforming to a standard. In contexts where cats need to be registered—such as in veterinary practices or shelters—moggies may be called domestic short-haired (DSH) or domestic long-haired (DLH) cats, depending on coat length (and less common designations may include "domestic medium-haired (DMH)" or "domestic semi-long-haired").

The vast majority of cats worldwide lack any pedigree ancestry.
DesBrisay Museum
The DesBrisay Museum is a museum showcasing the history of the town of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia and the surrounding area, including its inhabitants and architecture, whose collection is due to the efforts of Judge Mather Byles DesBrisay. Upon his death, DesBrisay left his collection to the town and in 1967, the museum was established.

The museum is funded, in part, by the Province of Nova Scotia as well as by the town of Bridgewater and a number of different fundraising initiatives. In 2017, a Nova Scotia Community Museum Assistance Program evaluation declared the DesBrisay the top community museum in the province, out of a roster of 67.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Xanthomonas sRNA
In molecular biology, Xanthomonas sRNA are small RNAs which have been identified in various species of the bacterium Xanthomonas.

Analysis of  the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria revealed expression of seven cis-encoded antisense RNAs (asX1-asX7) and 15 intergenic sRNAs (sX1 - sX15). Several sRNAs have also been identified in Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. Some of these X. campestris sRNAs are only found in Xanthomonas, some are also expressed in other bacteria. Several of these sRNAs appear to contribute to virulence, including sX12, sX13 and sRNA-Xcc1.

Computational analysis predicts 63 sRNAs in Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae, expression of 8 of these has been experimentally confirmed. Expression of three of these is Hfq-dependent.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Above Rocks
Above Rocks is a town in the parish of Saint Catherine in Jamaica.

Above Rocks was populated in the early 19th century by (Roman Catholic) refugees from the Haitian Revolution.
St Mary's College, a Catholic secondary school, can be found in the town of Above Rocks.

Parishes of Jamaica
The parishes of Jamaica are the main units of local government in Jamaica. They were created following the English settlement of Jamaica in 1655. This administrative structure for the Colony of Jamaica developed slowly. However, since 1 May 1867, Jamaica has been divided into the current fourteen parishes. These were retained after independence in 1962. They are grouped into three historic counties, which no longer have any administrative relevance. Every parish has a coast; none are landlocked.
Tarka River
The Tarka River is a river in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Along with the Baviaans River, Grootbrak River and Kat River it is a major eastern tributary of the Great Fish River. The Lake Arthur Dam and the Kommandodrif Dam are located in this river. The latter is included in the Commando Drift Nature Reserve.

The Tarka river is part of the Fish to Tsitsikama Water Management Area.

Commando Drift Nature Reserve
Commando Drift Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa that is managed by Eastern Cape Parks, the park has an area of 5,827 hectares (14,400 acres). The Kommandodrif Dam is included in the reserve.

Endangered mountain zebras, black wildebeest, some species of antelope as well as over 200 species of birds can be found in the park.
01708
01708 is the national dialling code for Romford in the United Kingdom. The area it serves includes almost all of the London Borough of Havering and some adjacent areas. When STD codes were first introduced, Romford was assigned 0708 and 0402 was used for the rest of the current code area. After a sequence of changes in the early 1990s, culminating with PhONEday, the current 01708 code became active on 16 April 1995. All subscriber numbers within the area code consist of six digits. The code is used at eight telephone exchanges as part a linked numbering scheme. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling Romford from abroad.

Trunk prefix
A trunk prefix is a digit sequence to be dialed before a telephone number to initiate a telephone call for the purpose of selecting an appropriate telecommunications circuit by which the call is to be routed.
Bishop of Hull
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Hull is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of York, England. The suffragan bishop, along with the Bishop of Selby and the Bishop of Whitby, assists the Archbishop of York in overseeing the diocese.

The title takes its name after the city of Kingston upon Hull and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Today, the Bishop of Hull is responsible for the Archdeaconry of the East Riding.

Not to be confused with the Roman Catholic Bishop of Hull, the bishop of a Diocese in Canada founded in 1963, currently the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gatineau.

Archdiocese of Gatineau
The Archdiocese of Gatineau (Latin: Archidioecesis Gatinensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese situated in the province of Quebec. The Archdiocese of Gatineau is the metropolitan of its ecclesiastical province, which also contains two suffragan dioceses: Dioceses of Amos and Rouyn-Noranda. It is currently led by Archbishop Paul-André Durocher.

As of 2006, the archdiocese contains 61 parishes, 47 active diocesan priests, 29 religious priests, and 231,000 Catholics. It also has 202 women religious, and 39 religious brothers.
Enneapogon nigricans
Enneapogon nigricans, known by the common names blackheads, bottle washers, pappus grass, purpletop grass, and niggerheads, is a perennial Australian grass.

Distinctive lance-shaped seedheads appear in late spring and summer. They form at the top of wiry stalks over 30 cm long. They start as an olive green colour, but dry to a light brown. The seed itself is much like a parasol in appearance, and is around 5mm across. Germination is slow and unreliable and requires warm temperatures.

Leaves are smooth and of a bright, light green. Plants like sunny positions and generally grow in sunny, open mallee forests. Plants form tall dense tussocks to a maximum of only 20 cm across. They die down in late summer, before reshooting when the rains return.

Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands
Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands is one of 32 Major Vegetation Groups defined by the Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy and one of the 189 habitats in the HOTW habitats of the World classification.
The Mysterious Husband
The Mysterious Husband is a play by the British writer Richard Cumberland. It is a Domestic drama with a tragic ending, first performed in 1783. Along with several other Cumberland plays it was influenced by the 1768 gothic play The Mysterious Mother by Horace Walpole.

The original Covent Garden cast included John Henderson as Lord Davenant (a part written for him), William Thomas Lewis as Charles Davenant, Richard Wroughton as Captain Dorner, Richard Yates as Sir Edmund Travers, Elizabeth Satchell as Marianne and Elizabeth Younge as Lady Davenant.

Horace Walpole
Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford (/ˈwɔːlpoʊl/; 24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), better known as Horace Walpole, was an English Whig politician, writer, historian and antiquarian.

He had Strawberry Hill House built in Twickenham, southwest London, reviving the Gothic style some decades before his Victorian successors. His literary reputation rests on the first Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764), and his Letters, which are of significant social and political interest. They have been published by Yale University Press in 48 volumes. In 2017, a volume of Walpole's selected letters was published.

The youngest son of the first British prime minister, Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, he became the 4th and last Earl of Orford of the second creation on his nephew's death in 1791.
Hillsdale Hamlet Historic District
Hillsdale Hamlet Historic District is a national historic district located at Hillsdale in Columbia County, New York.  The district includes 128 contributing buildings, five contributing sites, and two contributing objects. It encompasses the historic core of the hamlet of Hillsdale.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Columbia County, New York
Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. At the 2020 census, the population was 61,570. The county seat is Hudson. The name comes from the Latin feminine form of the surname of Christopher Columbus, which was at the time of the formation of the county a popular proposal for the name of the United States. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
George Perring
George Wilson Perring (August 13, 1884 – August 20, 1960) was a Major League Baseball third baseman who played for five seasons. He played for the Cleveland Naps from 1908 to 1910 and the Kansas City Packers of the Federal League from 1914 to 1915.

Perring was born in Sharon, Wisconsin and died, and is buried, in Beloit, Wisconsin. He attended Beloit College.

Beloit, Wisconsin
Beloit (/bəˈlɔɪt/ ⓘ bə-LOYT) is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin, on the state border with Illinois. The population was 36,657 at the 2020 census. The Janesville–Beloit metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,000 residents.
Operational instruments of the Royal Observer Corps
The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation operating in the United Kingdom between October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down. (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). Composed mainly of civilian spare-time volunteers, ROC personnel wore a Royal Air Force (RAF) style uniform and latterly came under the administrative control of RAF Strike Command and the operational control of the Home Office. Civilian volunteers were trained and administered by a small cadre of professional full-time officers under the command of the Commandant Royal Observer Corps; a serving RAF Air Commodore.

This sub article lists and describes the instruments used by the ROC in their nuclear detection and reporting role during the Cold War period.

Air commodore
Air commodore (Air Cdre or Air Cmde) is an air officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is also used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence and it is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure.

Air commodore is immediately senior to group captain and immediately subordinate to air vice-marshal. It is usually equivalent to a commodore or a brigadier/brigadier general.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was "air commandant".
Rao Surtan Deora
Rao Surtan Singh Deora (r. 1572–1610) was the Deora Chauhan ruler of the small chieftaincy of Sirohi bordering western Mewar in present-day Rajasthan from the year 1572 until his death he was the adopted son of Rao Man Singh II. He was coronated at the age of 12.Rao Surtan stayed hostile to the ruling foreign powers in India. He was well known for defending Sirohi from the Mughal Empire. He secured his position after an initial succession dispute and spent his reign defending Sirohi’s autonomy, overseeing public works, and maintaining traditional feudal grants.

Mewar
Mewar, also spelled as Mewad, is a historical region located in the south-eastern part of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It includes the present-day districts of Udaipur, Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh and Pratapgarh in Rajasthan. The language of this region is known as Mewari, one of the dialects of the Rajasthani language spoken as a lingua franca by the different ethnic groups assembled altogether in one identity called the Mewaris.
Paul Devinat
Ernest Paul Devinat, (2 January 1890, Mâcon — 1 May 1980, Paris) was a French academic, civil servant and politician.

In 1922, Albert Thomas appointed Devinat as head of the International Labour Organization's Employers' Organization Service and they both toured the United States in the winter of 1922/3. They met Edward Filene, a wealthy advocate of scientific management who had founded the Twentieth Century Fund. Filene offered to provide funds for the proposed International Management Institute soon to be established in Geneva.

Mâcon
Mâcon (French pronunciation: [mɑ.kɔ̃] ⓘ), historically anglicised as Mascon, is a city in east-central France. It is the prefecture of the department of Saône-et-Loire in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Mâcon is home to near 34,000 residents, who are referred to in French as Mâconnais. The city gave its name to the nearby vineyards and wine AOC.
Vidar Sandem
Vidar Sandem (born 19 February 1947) is a Norwegian actor, playwright and theatre director.

He made his stage debut at Den Nationale Scene in 1970. He started working at Det Norske Teatret in 1977, and served as theatre director from 1997. Among his film roles is the father in Per Blom's The Ice Palace from 1987, based on a novel by Tarjei Vesaas. His debut as a playwright was the one-act play Straffe-, aired at Fjernsynsteatret in 1988.

Per Blom (director)
Per Blom (5 May 1946 – 13 February 2013) was a Norwegian film director.

He was born in Søndre Land Municipality.

Among his films are Anton from 1973, and Mors hus from 1974, based on a novel by Knut Faldbakken. Further Kvinner from 1979, Sølvmunn from 1981, and The Ice Palace from 1987, based upon a novel by Tarjei Vesaas.
Pan Hui
Pan Hui is a computer scientist at the University of Helsinki and The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). Currently, he is a Chair Professor of Computational Media and Arts (CMA), a Chair Professor of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, Director of the Center for Metaverse and Computational Creativity, and also Director of the HKUST-DT Systems and Media Laboratory (SyMLab) at HKUST. He was elected as an International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) in 2020, a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (FIEEE), a Member of the Academia Europaea (MAE), and an ACM Distinguished Member. He also has been elected to the endowed professorship Nokia Chair in Data Science.

Metaverse
A metaverse is a virtual world in which users interact while represented by avatars, typically in a 3D display, with the experience focused on social and economic connection.

The term metaverse originated in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash as a portmanteau of "meta" and "universe". In Snow Crash, the metaverse is envisioned as a version of the Internet that is a single, universal, and immersive virtual world, facilitated by the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets.

The term "metaverse" is often linked to virtual reality technology, and beginning in the early 2020s, with Web3. The term has been used as a buzzword by companies to exaggerate the development progress of various related technologies and projects for public relations purposes. Information privacy, user addiction, and user safety are concerns within the metaverse, stemming from challenges facing the social media and video game industries as a whole.
James A. Mackay
James Alexander Mackay (21 November 1936 – 12 August 2007) was a prolific Scottish writer and philatelist whose output of philatelic works was rivalled only by Fred Melville. He was described by John Holman, editor of the British Philatelic Bulletin, as a "philatelic writer without equal" but his reputation was damaged by a conviction for theft from the British Museum early in his career, which cost him his job there, and multiple accusations of plagiarism.

British Philatelic Bulletin
The British Philatelic Bulletin was the official publication of the Royal Mail aimed at stamp collectors.

The Bulletin gave detailed information about future British stamp issues and also featured articles about past issues from noted philatelists.
Karine Chemla
Karine Chemla (born 8 February 1957) is a French historian of mathematics and sinologist who works as a director of research at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). She is also a senior fellow at the New York University Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. She was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Kwenzo Blose
Kwenzokuhle Ndumiso Blose (born 12 May 1997) is a South African rugby union player for the Exeter Chiefs in the Premiership Rugby competition. His regular position is prop.

Blose made his Currie Cup debut for Western Province in July 2019, coming on as a replacement prop in their opening match of the 2019 season against the Blue Bulls.

On 20 August 2024, Blose would move to England as he signs for Exeter Chiefs in the Gallagher Premiership from the 2024-25 season.

2019 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2019 Currie Cup Premier Division was the 81st edition of the top tier of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa. DirectAxis Financial Services was the tournament sponsor. It was organised by the South African Rugby Union and ran from 12 July to 7 September 2019.

The competition was won by the Free State Cheetahs, who beat the Golden Lions 31–28 in the final played on 7 September 2019.
American Osteopathic Board of Nuclear Medicine
The American Osteopathic Board of Nuclear Medicine (AOBNM) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the use of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease (nuclear medicine physicians). The board is one 18 medical specialty certifying boards approved by the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists (AOABOS) of the American Osteopathic Association, and was established in 1974. As of December 2011, 32 osteopathic nuclear medicine physicians held active certification with the AOBNM.

Board certification
Board certification is the process by which a physician, veterinarian, or other professional demonstrates a mastery of advanced knowledge and skills through written, oral, practical, or simulator-based testing.