hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First-foot
In Scottish, Northern English, and Manx folklore, the first-foot (Scottish Gaelic: ciad-chuairt, Manx: quaaltagh/qualtagh) is the first person to enter the home of a household on New Year's Day and is seen as a bringer of good fortune for the coming year. Similar practices are also found in Greek, Vietnamese, and Georgian new year traditions.

Culture of Greece
The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Minoan and later in Mycenaean Greece, continuing most notably into Classical Greece, while influencing the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire.  Other cultures and states such as the Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic and Bavarian and Danish monarchies have also left their influence on modern Greek culture.

Modern democracies owe a debt to Greek beliefs in government by the people, trial by jury, and equality under the law. The ancient Greeks pioneered in many fields that rely on systematic thought, including biology, geometry, history, philosophy, and physics. They introduced important literary forms as epic and lyric poetry, history, tragedy, and comedy. In their pursuit of order and proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that strongly influenced Western art.
South Park: The End of Obesity
"South Park: The End of Obesity" is a 2024 American adult animated comedy television special episode. It is the seventh South Park television special,  and the 328th episode of the series overall. The special premiered on May 24, 2024, on Paramount+.

The special satirizes celebrities' glamorized usage of semaglutide-based weight loss drugs and Big Sugar, as well as Lizzo and the inaccessibility of the American health care system.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Fathers and Sons (short story)
"Fathers and Sons" is a short story by Ernest Hemingway published 1933, in the collection Winner Take Nothing. It later appeared in The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories and The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories.

The story is a personal narrative that follows the path of Nick Adams as he drives through his hometown with his son. Most of the story is told through memories of Nick's childhood and Father. The story chronicles the relationships between three generations of men.

Important themes in "Fathers and Sons" include father–son relationships, Nick's homecoming, growing up, and role models.

The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories
The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories is an anthology of writings by Ernest Hemingway published by Scribner's on October 14, 1938. It contains Hemingway's only full-length play, The Fifth Column, and 49 short stories.
Many of the stories included in the collection appear in other collections, including In Our Time, Men Without Women, Winner Take Nothing and The Snows of Kilimanjaro.
Michael Williamson (Australian unionist)
Michael Alexander Williamson (born 26 June 1953) is an Australian former trade union official implicated in the Health Services Union of Australia (HSU) expenses scandal. In October 2013 Williamson pleaded guilty to two charges of fraud totaling nearly A$1 million, one charge of fabricating invoices and another charge of recruiting others to hinder a police investigation. The same day that he pleaded guilty, Williamson declared himself bankrupt. An earlier independent report commissioned by the union detailed that companies associated with Williamson and his family had allegedly fraudulently received more than $5 million from the union in period from 2006 to 2011. In the District Court of New South Wales in March 2014, Williamson was sentenced to seven–and–a–half years of imprisonment; with a non–parole period of five years.

District Court of New South Wales
The District Court of New South Wales is the intermediate court in the judicial hierarchy of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a trial court and has an appellate jurisdiction. In addition, the Judges of the Court preside over a range of tribunals. In its criminal jurisdiction, the Court may deal with all serious criminal offences except murder, treason and piracy. The Court's civil jurisdiction is generally limited to claims less than A$1,250,000.

The District Court has had its current structure since reforms during 1973 which created a single court with a statewide criminal and civil jurisdiction. The Chief Judge of the District Court, since 2014, is the Honourable Justice Sarah Huggett.
Dead End in Norvelt
Dead End in Norvelt is an autobiographical novel by the American author Jack Gantos, published by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux in 2011. It features a boy named Jack Gantos and is based in the author's hometown, Norvelt, Pennsylvania. According to one reviewer, the "real hero" is "his home town and its values", a "defiantly political" message.

The American Library Association awarded Gantos and Dead End the 2012 Newbery Medal, honoring the book as the year's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children". It also won the annual Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction. In Britain, where it was published by the Transworld Publishers imprint Corgi Books, it was one of eight books on the longlist for the annual Guardian Children's Fiction Prize.

Newbery medal judges called the book "achingly funny" and one British reviewer called it "rib-splitting".

Transworld (publisher)
Transworld is a British publishing house in Ealing, London that is a division of Penguin Random House, one of the world's largest mass media groups. It was established in 1950 as the British division of American company Bantam Books. It publishes fiction and nonfiction titles by various best-selling authors including Val Wood under several different imprints. Hardbacks are published under the Doubleday imprint, whereas paperbacks are published under the Black Swan or Corgi imprint. The Bantam Press imprint publishes both Hardbacks and Prestige softcovers.
St. John's lacrosse case
The St. John's lacrosse case was a 1990 criminal case in which some members of the St. John's University men's lacrosse team were accused of raping an African American female.  The St. John's Lacrosse rape case was a sports scandal that caused significant controversy within the school, amongst feminists, New York City, and the lacrosse community.  This case was a predecessor to the Duke lacrosse case. The case was the basis of a Law & Order episode called "Out of Control".

Law & Order season 2
The second season of Law & Order aired on NBC between September 17, 1991, and May 12, 1992. This season marked the first death of a main character, as George Dzundza had departed the series after the conclusion of the first season. The death of his character Max Greevey is shown in the season premiere. Carolyn McCormick makes her first recurring appearance as Dr. Elizabeth Olivet.
Hugo Kauffmann
Hugo Wilhelm Kauffmann  (7 August 1844 – 30 December 1915) was a German painter, the son of Hermann Kauffmann.

Kauffmann was born in Hamburg. In 1861 he went to Frankfurt and worked there under Jakob Becker, Eduard Jakob von Steinle and Johann Nepomuk Zwerger. From 1863 until 1871 he lived in Kronberg in the Taunus. During this time he spent one winter in Hamburg and a five-month period in Düsseldorf; afterwards he spent 1½ years in Paris, until 1870 when the war drove him out. He lived until 1871 in Munich.

Kauffmann is known mainly for genre paintings, often set in taverns. His paintings are usually small in scale and painted on wood. His work is representative of the Munich School.

He died in Prien at the Chiemsee in 1915.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Dolphin (emulator)
Dolphin is a free and open-source video game console emulator of the GameCube, Wii and Triforce arcade system that runs on Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android.

It had its inaugural release in 2003 as freeware for Windows. Dolphin was the first GameCube emulator that could successfully run commercial games. After troubled development in the first years, Dolphin became free and open-source software and subsequently gained support for Wii emulation. Soon after, the emulator was ported to Linux and macOS. As mobile hardware became more powerful over the years, running Dolphin on Android became a viable option.

Dolphin has been well received in the IT and video gaming media for its high compatibility, steady development progress, the number of available features, and the ability to play games with graphical improvements over the original platforms.

Freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available. Freeware may be intended to benefit its producer by, for example, encouraging sales of a more capable version, as in the freemium and shareware business models; or by collecting and selling user's personal data.
Clive Wallis
Clive O'Neill Wallis (16 October 1913 — 26 October 1981) was an Irish international rugby union player.

Born in Dublin, Wallis was a nephew of Ireland three-quarter Thomas Wallis. He attended Cranleigh School in England and remained in the country for his later rugby, playing with the British Army. In 1935, Wallis was capped as a forward for Ireland in a match against the touring All Blacks at Lansdowne Road in his hometown Dublin.

Wallis received a commission to the East Surrey Regiment and in 1938 got posted with the 2nd Battalion to Singapore. He served as a company commander during the Malayan Campaign and was held for over three years as a prisoner of war by the Japanese, later receiving a Military Cross for his leadership while in captivity.

East Surrey Regiment
The East Surrey Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1959. The regiment was formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot, the 70th (Surrey) Regiment of Foot, the 1st Royal Surrey Militia and the 3rd Royal Surrey Militia.

In 1959, after service in the Second Boer War and both World War I and World War II, the East Surrey Regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) to form the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment, which was, in 1966, merged with the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment, the Royal Sussex Regiment and the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) to form the Queen's Regiment. The Queen's Regiment was subsequently amalgamated with the Royal Hampshire Regiment to form the present Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires).
3rd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion
3d Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion (3D LAR BN) is a fast and mobilized armored terrestrial reconnaissance battalion of the United States Marine Corps. Their primary weapon system is the LAV-25 and they are part of the 1st Marine Division and I Marine Expeditionary Force. The unit is based out of the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California.

I Marine Expeditionary Force
The I Marine Expeditionary Force ("I" pronounced "One") is a Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) of the United States Marine Corps primarily composed of the 1st Marine Division, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, and 1st Marine Logistics Group. It is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.

I Marine Expeditionary Force is the largest of the three MEFs in the Fleet Marine Force and is often referred to as the "Warfighting MEF" for its consistent involvement and contributions in major armed conflicts. It is presently commanded by Lieutenant General Michael Cederholm. The deputy commander is Brigadier General Michael R. Nakonieczny.
Beethoven's 5th (film)
Beethoven's 5th is a 2003 American family comedy film and is the fifth installment in the Beethoven film series. The film was released direct-to-video on December 2, 2003.

The cast was completely renewed for this film. Daveigh Chase takes over the role of Sara, which was originally played by Michaela Gallo in the previous two films.

It was also the final film of the original series, as the 2008 film, Beethoven's Big Break was a reboot of the character.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Henry Gates (MP)
Sir Henry Gates (c. 1515 – 7 April 1589), of Seamer, Yorkshire; Kilburn, Middlesex; Kew, Surrey and Havering, Essex, was an English courtier and politician.

Gates was a younger son of Geoffrey Gates of High Easter, Essex, and the brother of John Gates.

Kilburn, London
Kilburn is an area in North West London, in the London Boroughs of Camden, Brent and the City of Westminster. Kilburn High Road railway station lies 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-west of Charing Cross.

Kilburn developed from a linear hamlet that grew up on ancient Watling Street (the modern A5 Road). The hamlet took its name from Kilburn Priory, which was built on the banks of Kilburn Brook. Watling Street forms the contemporary boundary between the boroughs of Brent and Camden.

The area has London's highest Irish population, as well as a sizable Afro-Caribbean population, and was once home to the black civil rights leader Billy Strachan.
Winterbottom
Winterbottom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Archibald Winterbottom (1814–1884), British cotton cloth merchant

George Harold Winterbottom (1861–1934), business magnate

Harold Edward Winterbottom (1879–1953), South Australian businessman

Ian Winterbottom, Baron Winterbottom (1913–1992), British politician

Kevin Winterbottom (1955–1976), South African Air Force pilot

Mark Winterbottom (born 1981), racing driver

Michael Winterbottom (academic) (born 1934), English classical scholar

Michael Winterbottom (born 1961), British filmmaker

Oliver Winterbottom, automotive designer

Peter Winterbottom (born 1960), rugby union footballer

Richard Winterbottom (1899–1968), British politician

Thomas Masterman Winterbottom (1766–1859), English physician

Thomas Winterbottom (Lord Mayor of London, 1751-2)

Walter Winterbottom (1913–2002), British football manager

Walter L. Winterbottom (1930-2013), US material scientist noted for the Winterbottom construction

George Harold Winterbottom
George Harold Winterbottom was an Edwardian business magnate, who dominated global bookcloth manufacture for bookbinding, making him "one of the wealthiest men of England". Bookcloth took over from more expensive materials like silk and leather as the dominant hardcover bookbinding material in the early 19th century, revolutionising the manufacture and distribution of books.  Winterbottom seized the opportunity to effectively monopolise the production and supply of high quality bookcloth, which facilitated a country life for himself as a gentleman farmer and philanthropist.
Dutch Americans in Michigan
Dutch Michiganders are residents of the state of Michigan who are of Dutch ancestry. In the 1840s, Calvinist immigrants desiring more religious freedom immigrated. West Michigan in particular has become associated with Dutch American culture and the influence of the Reformed Church in America and Christian Reformed Church in North America (both offshoots of the Dutch Reformed Church), centering on the cities of Holland and (to a lesser extent) Grand Rapids. Dutch is still spoken by the elderly and their children in Western Michigan. As of 2010, 5.1% of Michiganders are of Dutch descent.

Christian Reformed Church in North America
The Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA or CRC) is a Protestant Calvinist Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. Having roots in the Dutch Reformed Church of the Netherlands, the Christian Reformed Church was founded by Dutch immigrants in 1857 and is theologically Calvinist.
Molniya-1 No.2
Molniya-1 No.2, a 1,422 kg (3,135 lb) Molniya-1 satellite, was the first Soviet communications satellite to be launched. However, it failed to achieve orbit due to a malfunction of the rocket which was carrying it. It was intended to operate in a Molniya orbit, from where it would be used to demonstrate communications between parts of the USSR.

Molniya (satellite)
The Molniya (Russian: Молния, IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] ⓘ, "Lightning") series satellites were military and communications satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1965 to 1991, and by the Russian Federation from 1991 to 2004. These satellites used highly eccentric elliptical orbits known as Molniya orbits, which have a long dwell time over high latitudes. They are suited for communications purposes in polar regions, in the same way that geostationary satellites are used for equatorial regions.

There were 164 Molniya satellites launched, all in Molniya orbits with the exception of Molniya 1S which was launched into geostationary orbit for testing purposes.
Gun.Smoke
Gun.Smoke is a 1985 vertically scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. Unique from other scrolling shooters games, Gun.Smoke features a human as the shooter instead of a spacecraft, in this case a character named Billie Bob, a bounty hunter going after the criminals of the Wild West. It was designed by Yoshiki Okamoto.

Capcom
Capcom Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社カプコン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon) is a Japanese video game company. It has created a number of critically acclaimed and multi-million-selling game franchises, with its most commercially successful being Resident Evil, Monster Hunter, Street Fighter, Mega Man, Devil May Cry,  Dead Rising, Ace Attorney, Dragon's Dogma, and Marvel vs. Capcom. Established in 1979, it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in East Asia (Hong Kong), Europe (London, England), and North America (San Francisco, California).
Battle of Alltan-Beath
The Battle of Alltan-Beath, also known as the Battle of Ailtan-Beath, was a Scottish clan battle said to have taken place in 1542 in the village of Knockarthur (or Knockartel), in Sutherland, in the Scottish Highlands. It was fought between men of the Clan Mackay and men of the Clan Sutherland whose chiefs were the Gordon, Earls of Sutherland.

Earl of Sutherland
Earl of Sutherland is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created circa 1230 for William de Moravia and is the premier earldom in the Peerage of Scotland. The earl or countess of Sutherland is also the chief of Clan Sutherland.
Bernini (Turin Metro)
Bernini is a Turin Metro station, located in Piazza Gian Lorenzo Bernini near the intersection between Corso Francia, Corso Alessandro Tassoni and Corso Francesco Ferrucci. The station was opened on 4 February 2006 as part of the inaugural section of Turin Metro, between Fermi and XVIII Dicembre.

The platforms feature decals by Ugo Nespolo, depicting works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Carignano Palace and Sindone Chapel.

Palazzo Carignano
Palazzo Carignano is a historical building in the centre of Turin, Italy, which houses the Museum of the Risorgimento. It was a private residence of the Princes of Carignano, after whom it is named. Its rounded façade is different from other façades of the same structure. It is located on the Via Accademia delle Scienze.

In 1997, it was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list along with 13 other residences of the House of Savoy.
Victoria Building, University of Liverpool
The Victoria Building of the University of Liverpool, is on the corner of Brownlow Hill and Ashton Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England (grid reference SJ358903).  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.  It was designed by Alfred Waterhouse and completed in 1892.  It was the first purpose-built building for what was to become the University of Liverpool, with accommodation for administration, teaching, common rooms and a library.  The building was the inspiration for the term "red brick university" which was coined by Professor Edgar Allison Peers.  In 2008 it was converted into the Victoria Gallery & Museum.

Edgar Allison Peers
Edgar Allison Peers (7 May 1891 – 21 December 1952), also known by his pseudonym Bruce Truscot, was an English Hispanist and education management scholar. He was Professor in Hispanic Studies at the University of Liverpool and is notable for founding the Modern Humanities Research Association (in 1918) and the Bulletin of Hispanic Studies (in 1934).

As "Bruce Truscot", a pseudonym kept secret until his death, Peers wrote three books offering a critique of the policies and problems associated with British universities, coining the term "red-brick university".