hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernst Hammer
Ernst Hammer (20 October 1884 – 2 December 1957) was a German-Austrian officer of four armies since 1 October 1903, entering as a one-year volunteer. He was Oberleutnant of the Common Army, Hauptmann of the k.u.k. Armee, Generalmajor of the Bundesheer (transferred to the German Army 15 March 1938), Generalleutnant of the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. As commander of the 75th Infantry Division, he ordered his soldiers to shoot female Soviet POWs on the spot.

Common Army
The Common Army (German: Gemeinsame Armee, Hungarian: Közös Hadsereg), as it was officially designated by the Imperial and Royal Military Administration, was the largest part of the Austro-Hungarian land forces from 1867 to 1914, the other two elements being the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (of Austria) and the Royal Hungarian Honvéd. However, it was simply known as the Army (Heer) by the Emperor and in peacetime laws, and, after 1918, colloquially called the k.u.k. Armee (short for Imperial and Royal Army).

Established on 15 March 1867 and effectively disbanded on 31 October 1918 when its Hungarian troops left, the Common Army formed the main element of the "armed power" (Bewaffneten Macht or Wehrmacht) of the new dual monarchy, to which the Imperial and Royal Navy (k.u.k. Kriegsmarine) also belonged. In the First World War all land and sea forces of the monarchy were subordinated to the Armeeoberkommando set up in 1914.
Diolcogaster ichiroi
Diolcogaster ichiroi is a species of parasitoid wasps within the family Braconidae.  The species name was chosen in reference to Ichiro Suzuki, a professional baseball player.  The species has only been collected at the Archbold Biological Station in Highlands County, Florida and the true extent of its range is not known.

Archbold Biological Station
The Archbold Biological Station (ABS) is a research institute with a surrounding 5,192.63-acre (21 km2) estate near Lake Placid, Florida, US, in Highlands County. It is a venue for field research and education, as well as ranching.
Martin Bavidge
Martin Bavidge (born 30 April 1980) is a Scottish retired professional footballer. He played as a forward.

Bavidge started his career with Forres Mechanics in the Highland Football League before going on to play for Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Forfar Athletic, Peterhead and Inverurie Loco Works.

Bavidge has worked in the oil industry since 2003. He missed a Scottish Cup replay against Raith Rovers in December 2009, due to having to travel to Texas to satisfy work commitments. Raith won the game 4–1.

On Tuesday 18 September 2012, Peterhead played at home to Aberdeen in a testimonial match for Bavidge to celebrate ten years of good service to the Balmoor side. The Dons won the game 4–0.

Martin is the father of professional footballer Alfie Bavidge; his own father Mitch also played at a high level, mainly in the Highland League.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.
Inverness Caledonian Thistle Football Club, commonly known as Caley Thistle, Inverness CT or just Inverness, is a professional football club based in Inverness, Scotland. The team competes in Scottish League One, the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, and plays its home games at Caledonian Stadium.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle won the Scottish Cup in 2015, were runners-up in 2023 and were also runners-up in the Scottish League Cup in 2014. They have also won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and the Scottish Football League First Division twice. Its highest Premiership position is third in 2014–15.
Tsabitha Alfiah Ramadani
Tsabitha Alfiah Ramadani (born 23 December 2000) is an Indonesian weightlifter. She won the silver medal in the women's 64 kg event at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey. She is also a three-time medalist, including gold, at the SEA Games.

2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
‌The 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games (Turkish: 2021 İslami Dayanışma Oyunları) were the 5th edition of the event held from 9 to 18 August 2022 at Konya, Turkey under the aegis of Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF). It was the first time in history that the event was organised by the Turkish Olympic Committee.

Formerly scheduled to take place from 20 to 29 August 2021, the event was postponed to be held from 10 to 19 September 2021 in July 2020 by the ISSF because the original dates were coinciding with the 2020 Summer Olympics, which were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2021, the ISSF postponed the event to August 2022 citing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the participating countries.
Poveste de cartier
Poveste de cartier (English: "Neighborhood story") is a 2008 Romanian musical romantic drama film directed by Theodor Halacu-Nicon. It stars Sorinel Copilul de Aur, Monica Merișan, Augustin Viziru, Octavian Strunilă, Florin Călinescu, Violeta Andrei, Ion Besoiu, Romică Țociu and Cornel Palade. Inspired by West Side Story, it tells the love story of Vio (Copilul de Aur) and Ramona (Merișan) who are members of two rival gangs in Pantelimon, Bucharest. The music of Poveste de cartier was composed by Dan Bursuc and belongs to the manele genre.

Manele
Manele (from Romanian, fem. sg. manea; pl. manele, the plural form being more common) is a genre of pop folk music from Romania.

The manele can be divided into "classical manele" and "modern manele". The "classical manele" are a Turkish-derived genre performed by Romani musicians called lăutari in a lăutărească manner, while the "modern manele" are a mixture of Turkish, Greek, Arabic, Bulgarian and Serbian elements, generally using modern (electronic) instruments and beats.

Similar music styles are also present in other Balkan areas, such as Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Bosnia, Greece and Turkey and with expatriates and emigrants originally from these regions. Related genres are Bulgarian Chalga (manele brought by Romanian visitors to Bulgaria is referred to as "Romanian chalga"), Greek modern Skiladiko and Serbian Turbo-folk, each one being a mixture of local folk Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian influences over a pop tune.
Zhang Fuchun
Zhang Fuchun is a Chinese physicist.

Zhang earned a bachelor's degree from Fudan University in 1968 and obtained a doctorate at Virginia Tech in 1983. Zhang then split his postdoctoral research between three institutions, the University of Minnesota, the University of Maryland, and ETH Zurich between 1983 and 1988. He subsequently held a professorship at the University of Cincinnati until 2006, when he returned to China for a full-time teaching position at the University of Hong Kong, where he had begun teaching in 2003. Zhang subsequently joined the Zhejiang University faculty in 2012. In 1999, while affiliated with the University of Cincinnati, Zhang was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society "for contributions to the theory of strongly-correlated electron systems."

Fudan University
Fudan University (FDU) is a public university in Yangpu, Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and is co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was originally founded by the Chinese Jesuit priest Ma Xiangbo in 1905. It is a member of the C9 League.
Kathryn Newton
Kathryn Love Newton (born February 8, 1997) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Louise Brooks in the CBS comedy series Gary Unmarried (2008–2010), Abigail Carlson in the HBO mystery drama series Big Little Lies (2017–2019), and Allie Pressman in the Netflix teen drama series The Society (2019). She is also known for portraying the older versions of Claire Novak in The CW dark fantasy series Supernatural (2014–2018) and Joanie Clark in the AMC period drama series Halt and Catch Fire (2016–2017).

Newton has appeared in various films, including Bad Teacher (2011), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), Blockers (2018), Pokémon Detective Pikachu (2019), Freaky (2020), The Map of Tiny Perfect Things (2021), Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023), and Abigail (2024). For her role in the horror film Paranormal Activity 4 (2012), Newton received the Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actress in a Feature Film.

Notre Dame High School (Sherman Oaks, California)
Notre Dame High School (NDHS) in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, is a co-ed Catholic college preparatory high school founded by the Congregation of Holy Cross in 1947. Initially a boys' school, it has been co-educational since the 1980s and has occupied the same campus since its founding.

Located in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, Notre Dame was designated a United States Department of Education Blue Ribbon school for 1990–1991 and 1994–1996 .
2021 Abu Dhabi Women's Tennis Open
The 2021 Abu Dhabi Women's Tennis Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the inaugural professional edition of the tournament and a WTA 500 tournament on the 2021 WTA Tour. It took place at the Zayed Sports City International Tennis Centre in Abu Dhabi, from 6 January to 13 January 2021. Fourth-seeded Aryna Sabalenka won the singles title.

Despina Papamichail
Despina Papamichail (Greek: Δέσποινα Παπαμιχαήλ; born 9 February 1993) is a Greek professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 143, reached on 20 June 2022. Her highest doubles ranking is No. 93, achieved on 4 December 2023.
Papamichail has won two doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as 17 singles and 39 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Playing for the Greece Fed Cup team, Papamichail has a win–loss record of 31–29 (as of May 2024).
Muriel Coleman
Muriel Evelyn Coleman (1917–2003) was an American designer who was a member of the Pacific Design Group based in California. She designed furniture through the material scarcity of post-World War II, and used rebar, metal rods and strips in her minimalist designs. Her works were included in the Autry National Center's California’s Designing Women, 1896–1986 exhibition.

Coleman received her MFA from Teachers College, Columbia University and studied in Paris with Andre Lhote. During World War II, prior to the invasion of Normandy, she helped decipher photographs of the French coastline while working for the forerunner of the CIA. She was President of the East Bay Artists' Association.

Teachers College, Columbia University
Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education affiliated with Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, Teachers College has been part of Columbia University since 1898.
Blackwall Rock
The Blackwall Rock was a reef in the River Thames in East London. The rock provided a useful shelter for moored vessels, but also proved a hazardous obstruction to river navigation. It was removed in the early 19th century following the opening of the adjacent West India Docks.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
Csibrák
Csibrák is a village in Tolna County, Hungary, once settled by Danube Swabians.
Around 1865 - 1880, several Danube Swabian from the Tolna settled in Slavonia, several families from Csibrák went to Slavonia and settled there.

Tolna County
Tolna (Hungarian: Tolna vármegye, pronounced [ˈtolnɒ]; German: Komitat Tolnau) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in present-day Hungary as it was in the former Kingdom of Hungary. It lies in central Hungary, on the west bank of the river Danube. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of Somogy, Fejér, Bács-Kiskun, and Baranya. The capital of Tolna county is Szekszárd. Its area is 3,703 km2.
Dynamic revetment
Dynamic revetments, also known as "cobble berms" or "dynamic cobble berm revetments", use gravel or cobble-sized rocks to mimic a natural cobble storm beach for the purpose of reducing wave energy and stopping or slowing coastal erosion.
Unlike seawalls, dynamic revetment is designed to allow wave action to rearrange the stones into an equilibrium profile, disrupting wave action and dissipating wave energy as the cobbles move. This can reduce the wave reflection which often contributes to beach scouring.

Hydrodynamic scour
Hydrodynamic scour is the removal of substrate (gravel, sand, silt, clay, sediment, etc.) from around the base of obstructions to the flow in the sea, rivers, and canals. Scour, caused by fast-flowing water, can carve out scour holes, compromising the integrity of a structure. It is an interaction between the hydrodynamics and the geotechnical properties of the substrate. Bridge scour is a notable cause of bridge failure and a problem with most marine structures supported by the seabed in areas of significant tidal and ocean current. It can also affect biological ecosystems and heritage assets.
Carmen Hernández
María del Carmen Hernández Barrera (24 November 1930 in Ólvega – 19 July 2016 in Madrid) was a Spanish Catholic catechist and the co-founder of the Neocatechumenal Way. Her cause for beatification has been initiated.

Catechesis
Catechesis (/ˌkætəˈkiːsɪs/; from Greek: κατήχησις, 'instruction by word of mouth', generally 'instruction') is basic Christian religious education of children and adults, often from a catechism book. It started as education of converts to Christianity, but as the religion became institutionalized, catechesis was used for education of members who had been baptized as infants. As defined in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraph 5 (quoting Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae, §18):

Catechesis is an education in the faith of children, young people and adults which includes especially the teaching of Christian doctrine imparted, generally speaking, in an organic and systematic way, with a view to initiating the hearers into the fullness of Christian life.
Bruno Cerella
Bruno Cerella (born July 30, 1986) is an Italian-Argentine professional basketball player for Blu Basket 1971 of the Italian Serie A2.

Hailing from Bahía Blanca, a city seeped in basketball tradition, where players such as Manu Ginóbili were born and raised. Having come to Italy as a teenager, he slowly established himself, and moved up the league levels to join Emporio Armani Milano, where he became a fan favourite, due to his dynamism and dedication to the team. In August 2017, Cerella was sent on loan to Reyer Venezia of the LBA.

Serie A2 (basketball)
Serie A2, known for sponsorship reasons as Serie A2 Old Wild West, is a men's basketball league in Italy. It constitutes the second-tier of the Italian league pyramid, below the first division LBA and above the third division Serie B, with promotion/relegation occurring between these leagues.

It is run by the Lega Nazionale Pallacanestro (LNP), itself regulated by the FIP, the Italian federation.
S. Vaiyapuri Pillai
Rao Sahib Saravanapperumal Vaiyapuri Pillai (12 October 1891 – 17 February 1956) was a renowned lawyer and Tamil scholar. An advocate by profession, he edited and published several Tamil classics from original manuscripts. He is best remembered as the editor of the Tamil lexicon published by the Madras University in the 1920s. He was a voracious reader and had in his own private collection thousands of books in Tamil, English, Sanskrit and Malayalam. His collection also included hundreds of palm-leaf manuscripts.  This collection was later donated to the National Library of India in Kolkata.
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National Library of India
The National Library of India is a library located in the Belvedere Estate, Alipore, Kolkata, India. It is India's largest library by volume and public record. The National Library is under Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The library is designated to collect, disseminate and preserve printed material produced within India. With a collection in excess of 2.5 million books and records, it is the largest in the country.
Olivia Locher
Olivia Locher (born in 1990) is an American photographer. She gained notoriety for her photography series breaking an eccentric law from each of the 50 States of the Union, entitled I Fought the Law. A monograph of this project was released by Chronicle Books in September 2017.

Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census. Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset counties. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, Johnstown was severely affected by the loss of jobs in the steel industry due to globalization and the movement of American manufacturing to overseas markets.
Codex Escalada
Codex Escalada (or Codex 1548) is a sheet of parchment signed with a date of "1548", on which there have been drawn, in ink and in the European style, images (with supporting Nahuatl text) depicting the Marian apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe to Juan Diego which allegedly occurred on four separate occasions in December 1531 on the hill of Tepeyac north of central Mexico City.  If authentic, and if correctly dated to the mid-16th century (as tests so far conducted indicate), the document fills a gap in the documentary record as to the antiquity of the tradition regarding those apparitions and of the image of the Virgin associated with the fourth apparition which is venerated at the Basilica of Guadalupe.  The parchment first came to light in 1995, and in 2002 was named in honour of Fr. Xavier Escalada S.J. who brought it to public attention and who published it in 1997.

Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By 400 AD many of the written works intended for preservation in these regions had been transferred from papyrus to parchment. Vellum is a type of fine-quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves.

The generic term animal membrane is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum.
Eidak
Eidak (also known as Idak, Pashto: ادک or عیدک) is a village in the North Waziristan District of Bannu Division, Pakistan, 50 kilometres (30 miles) to the east of Bannu, lying close to the border with Afghanistan. Its inhabitants are mainly Pashtun-speaking Dawaris.

Bannu Division
Bannu Division is one of seven divisions in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It consists of three districts: Bannu, Lakki Marwat, and North Waziristan. The division borders Dera Ismail Khan Division to the south and west, Kohat Division to the north and east, and the province of Punjab, Pakistan to its east. CNIC code of Bannu Division is 11.
Kruplin Radomszczański
Kruplin Radomszczański [ˈkruplin radɔmʂˈt͡ʂaɲski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Nowa Brzeźnica, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Pajęczno, and 81 km (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno
Pajęczno [paˈjɛnt͡ʂnɔ] is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Pajęczno County. It lies approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of Częstochowa. Its population is 6,651 (2020). It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Biffo the Bear
Biffo the Bear is a fictional character from the British comic magazine The Beano who stars in the comic strip of the same name, created in 1948 by Dudley D. Watkins. He was the mascot of The Beano for several decades.

R. D. Low
Robert Duncan Low (25 August 1895 – 13 December 1980) was a Scottish comics writer and editor. Employed by D. C. Thomson & Co., he was responsible for their line of comics, and, as a writer, co-created Oor Wullie and The Broons with artist Dudley D. Watkins.
Tommy Puett
Ralph Thomas Puett III (born January 12, 1971) is an American actor, singer, dancer, and businessman. He is best known for his role as Tyler Benchfield on Life Goes On. Puett left the show in 1991. Puett is the older brother of former Kids Incorporated star Devyn Puett. In high school Puett was signed to Scotti Brothers Records. Puett released his only album Life Goes On in 1990. That same year Puett's only video album Heart Attack was released. Devyn sang back up vocals on the album. After releasing Life Goes On Puett was cast as Ben in Switchback in 1997. Switchback was Puett's last acting role.

Kids Incorporated
Kids Incorporated (also known as Kids Inc.) is an American children's television program that began production in the early 1980s and continued airing into the mid-1990s. It was largely a youth-oriented program with musical performances as an integral part of every episode. The pilot episode was shot on September 1, 1983, and the series aired in syndication from September 1, 1984, to December 26, 1985, and on The Disney Channel from November 3, 1986, to January 9, 1994. Reruns aired on The Disney Channel until May 30, 1996.
Flora of Malta
Typical flora of Malta consist of the following plants. While small compared to other countries, the Maltese Islands contain flowers that grow on Malta, Gozo, Comino, Filfla, St Paul's Islands and Fungus Rock. Many of the species are endemic to Malta.

Malta (island)
Malta is an island in Southern Europe. It is the largest and most populous of the three major islands that constitute the Maltese Archipelago and the country of Malta. The island is situated in the Mediterranean Sea directly south of Italy and north of Libya. It lies south-east of the smaller islands of Gozo and Comino. The island is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long and 14.5 kilometres (9 mi) wide, with a total area of 246 square kilometres (95 sq mi). The capital is Valletta, while the largest locality is Rabat. The island is made up of many small towns, which together form one larger urban zone with a population of 409,259. The landscape is characterised by low hills with terraced fields.
Billingham Synthonia F.C.
Billingham Synthonia Football Club is a football club based in Stockton-on-Tees, England. Nicknamed the "Synners", they are currently members of the Northern League Division Two and play at Bishopton Road West in Stockton-on-Tees.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Jodia croceago
Jodia croceago, the orange upperwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in southern and central Europe, to the north up to the southern half of England and Wales. According to  Warren. W. in Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 also in Algeria, Asia Minor, and Armenia.

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.