hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashland, Texas
Ashland is an unincorporated community in Upshur County, Texas, United States. It is situated on Texas State Highway 154. Before the American Civil War, its coast with Cypress Creek was used by freighters to collect cargo. A post office operated from 1894 to 1921, and was originally named Asbury until being renamed to Ashland in 1902. It peaked from the 1890s to the 1910s, with its highest recorded population being 250, c. 1914. Its population gradually declined following World War I, and as of 2000, 45 people resided in the town, up from 20 in 1990.

Upshur County, Texas
Upshur County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 40,892. The county seat is Gilmer. The county is named for Abel P. Upshur, who was U.S. secretary of state during President John Tyler's administration.

Upshur County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan statistical area, and the Longview–Marshall, combined statistical area.
Sam Cook (rugby league)
Sam Cook (born 1 August 1993) is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the Newcastle Thunder in the Championship.

He previously played for the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL, Albi in Elite One Championship and York Knights in the Championship.

Super XIII
Super XIII is the top level rugby league competition in France, sanctioned by the French Rugby League Federation. The season runs from September to April, which is in contrast to the majority of other major domestic rugby league competitions worldwide. The clubs play each other home and away then they enter into a play-off series culminating with a Grand Final. The competition was founded in 2002, as the Elite One Championship and renamed as Super XIII at the start of the 2024–2025 season. The competition is the continuation of the French Rugby League Championship, which began in 1934.
Why Don't You Dance? (film)
Why Don't You Dance? is a 2002 Canadian short drama film, directed by Michael Downing. Adapted from Raymond Carver's short story "Why Don't You Dance?", the film centres on a young couple (Kenneth Mitchell and Deborah Pollitt) shopping at a yard sale, where the proprietor (Bill McDonald) ultimately accepts a dance with the woman on the lawn as payment instead of money.

The film premiered at the 2002 Toronto International Film Festival.

It was subsequently screened at the Moving Pictures Festival of Dance on Film and Video, although Glenn Sumi of Now characterized its inclusion in that event as "a bit of a stretch" since it wasn't really a dance film per se.

It received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 24th Genie Awards in 2004.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Fort Bayard (Washington, D.C.)
Fort Bayard was an earthwork fort constructed in 1861 northwest of Tenleytown in the District of Columbia as part of the defenses of Washington, D.C., during the American Civil War. It never faced major opposition during the conflict and was decommissioned following the surrender of Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Named after Brigadier General George Dashiell Bayard, who was killed at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the site of the fort is in Boundary Park, located at the intersection of River Road and Western Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and is maintained by the U.S. National Park Service. No trace of the fort remains, though a marker commemorating its existence has been erected by the Park Service.

Battle of Fort Stevens
The Battle of Fort Stevens was an American Civil War battle fought July 11–12, 1864, in Washington County, D.C. in present-day Northwest Washington, D.C., during the Valley campaigns of 1864 between forces under Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early and Union Major General Alexander McDowell McCook.

Early's attack, less than 4 miles (6.4 km) from the White House, caused consternation in the U.S. government, but reinforcements under Maj. Gen. Horatio G. Wright and the strong defenses of Fort Stevens minimized the threat. Early withdrew after two days of skirmishing after attempting no serious assaults. Then U.S. President Abraham Lincoln personally observed the battle's fighting.
First Ukrainian International Bank
The First Ukrainian International Bank (FUIB, Ukrainian: ПАТ "Перший Український Міжнародний Банк", romanized: PAT 'Pershyi Ukrainskyi Mizhnarodnyi Bank', PUMB) is one of the leading banks in Ukraine, primarily owned by the oligarch Rinat Akhmetov through SCM Holdings. Established in 1991, the bank is headquartered in Kyiv. In early 2024, it was confirmed by the National Bank of Ukraine as one of the country's systemically important banks.

As of January 1, 2018, FUIB served 1.2 million private clients and more than 40,000 corporate clients.

International Finance Corporation
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., and a member of the World Bank Group. Established in 1956 as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, the IFC provides investment, advisory, and asset-management services to support private-sector development in developing countries. Its goal is to help people achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprises.
Graciela Larios Rivas
Graciela Larios Rivas (born 10 February 1950) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 she served as Senator of the LVI and LVII Legislatures of the Mexican Congress and as  Deputy of the LIX Legislature as a plurinominal representative.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Huberty
Huberty is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Huberty (born 1968), American businessman and politician

Ernst Huberty (1927–2023), German sports journalist

James Huberty, perpetrator of the 1984 San Ysidro McDonald's massacre, in San Diego, U.S.

San Ysidro McDonald's massacre
The San Ysidro McDonald's massacre was an act of mass murder which occurred at a McDonald's restaurant in the San Ysidro neighborhood of San Diego, California, on July 18, 1984. The perpetrator, 41-year-old James Huberty, fatally shot 22 people, including an unborn baby, and wounded 19 others before being killed by a police sniper approximately 77 minutes after he had first opened fire.

At the time, the massacre was the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in U.S. history, being surpassed seven years later by the Luby's shooting. It remains the deadliest mass shooting in California history.
Daniel M. Oppenheimer
Daniel M. Oppenheimer is a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in the Department of Social and Decision Sciences. Previously, he was a professor at the UCLA Anderson School of Management. From 2004 to 2012, he worked at Princeton University's Department of Psychology.

Primarily interested in cognitive psychology, he researches causal discounting, charitable giving, perceptual fluency, and people's perceptions of randomness.  He won the 2006 Ig Nobel Prize in Literature for his paper "Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly", which argues that simple writing makes authors appear more intelligent than complex writing. In 2012, he co-authored a book with political scientist Mike Edwards on political psychology and democracy, Democracy Despite Itself: Why A System That Shouldn't Work at All Works So Well.

Oppenheimer earned his BA at Rice University and his MA and PhD from Stanford University.

Ig Nobel Prize
The Ig Nobel Prize (/ˌɪɡ noʊˈbɛl/) is a satirical prize awarded annually since 1991 to promote public engagement with scientific research. Its aim is to "honor achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think." The name of the award is a pun on the Nobel Prize, which it parodies, and on the word ignoble. Most awards are for genuine scientific achievements with an unorthodox, obvious or humorous slant, while other awards are given ironically to various fraudsters, politicians, media figures, or promoters of pseudoscience.

Organized by the scientific humor magazine Annals of Improbable Research (AIR), the Ig Nobel Prizes are presented by Nobel laureates in a ceremony at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The winners also deliver public lectures. The Ig Nobel Prize monetary award is given in a solitary banknote for the amount of 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollars (US$0.40, but the banknote is worth more as a collector's item).
Moviendo Caderas
"Moviendo Caderas", ("Moving Hips") is a song by Puerto Rican reggaeton recording artist Yandel featuring Daddy Yankee, from his second studio album, De Líder a Leyenda (2013). It was composed by Yandel, with the help of Ramón L. Ayala (Daddy Yankee), Victor Delgado, Eliezer Palacios, Gabriel Rodríguez, Francisco Saldaña, Geancarlos Rivera Tapia and Jonathan Rivera Tapia, it was produced by Luny Tunes, Jonathan Rivera Tapia and Predikador. It was announced through his Twitter that the song would be released as the third single off the album on February 10, 2014. The song's accompanying music video was directed by Carlos Pérez and filmed in Puerto Rico. The video was premiered on Vevo on February 21, 2014. and it is also selected for Univision's Thursday Night Football.

Yandel
Llandel Veguilla Malavé (born January 14, 1977), known professionally as Yandel, is a Puerto Rican singer who emerged in the music scene since 1995 and is the half-member of the reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel. He released his first solo album, Quien Contra Mí, in 2003. His second solo studio album, De Líder a Leyenda, was released in 2013 and was certified Gold (Latin) by the RIAA in 2014.
Hsanda Gol Formation
The Hsanda Gol Formation is a geological formation located in the Tsagan Nor Basin of central Mongolia that dates to the Rupelian age of the Oligocene epoch. It formed in continental desert-like conditions and is notable for its fossil mammals, first excavated by Roy Chapman Andrews and the American Museum of Natural History in the 1920s. Hsanda Gol is included in the Hsandagolian Asian Land Mammal Age, to which it gives its name.

Roy Chapman Andrews
Roy Chapman Andrews (January 26, 1884 – March 11, 1960) was an American explorer, adventurer, and naturalist who became the director of the American Museum of Natural History. He led a series of expeditions through the politically disturbed China of the early 20th century into the Gobi Desert and Mongolia. The expeditions made important discoveries and brought the first-known fossil dinosaur eggs to the museum. Chapman's popular writing about his adventures made him famous.
1993 Virginia Slims of Philadelphia
The 1993 Virginia Slims of Philadelphia was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Philadelphia Civic Center in Philadelphia in the United States that was part of the Tier I category of the 1993 WTA Tour. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was held from November 9 through November 14, 1993. Second-seeded Conchita Martínez won the singles title and earned $150,000 first-prize money.

WTA Tier I tournaments
The WTA Tier I tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis elite tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. From 1988 to 1990, the different levels of WTA tournaments were referred to by the term 'Category', and there were 5 categories. Two of the Tier I tournaments, Indian Wells and Miami, were also joint events held simultaneously with the ATP Tour Masters Series.

There were initially 6 Tier I tournaments held annually from 1990. The list expanded to 8 events in 1993, 9 in 1997 and 10 in 2004, before being scaled back to 9 for 2008.

In 2009 the WTA changed the tournament categories, so that the majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments were in one category, Premier Tournaments, split into three categories.
Marie-Victoire Davril
Marie-Victoire Davril (sometimes d'Avril or Davrel) (1755–1820) was a French portrait painter.

Born in Paris, Davril was a pupil of Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, and exhibited in 1783 at the Salon de la Correspondance and the place Dauphine; at the former a miniature portrait of her by Marie-Madeleine Frémy. She appears to have been close to her fellow pupil Marie-Gabrielle Capet, being remembered in the latter's will. She was the universal heiress of wine merchant Edmé-Jean Cottin; the couple were not married, but were evidently closely connected, although the exact nature of their relationship remains unknown. Davril died at Guibeville. A posthumous inventory was taken, finding a number of artworks as well as furniture and 4410 francs in cash. Davril was active in oil paint, pastel, and miniatures during her career.

Place Dauphine
The Place Dauphine (French pronunciation: [plas dofin]) is a public square located near the western end of the Île de la Cité in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. It was initiated by Henry IV in 1607, the second of his projects for public squares in Paris, the first being the Place Royale (now the Place des Vosges). He named it for his son, the Dauphin of France and future Louis XIII, who had been born in 1601. From the "square", actually triangular in shape, one can access the middle of the Pont Neuf, a bridge which connects the left and right banks of the Seine by passing over the Île de la Cité. A street called, since 1948, Rue Henri-Robert, forty metres long, connects the Place Dauphine and the bridge. Where they meet, there are two other named places, the Place du Pont-Neuf and the Square du Vert-Galant.
Project Space Track
Project Space Track was a research and development project of the US Air Force, to create a tracking system for all artificial satellites of the Earth and space probes, domestic and foreign.

Project Space Track was started in 1957 at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Laurence G. Hanscom Field, now Hanscom Air Force Base, in Bedford, Massachusetts shortly after the launch of Sputnik I.  Observations were obtained from some 150 sensors worldwide by 1960 and regular orbital predictions were issued to the sensors and interested parties.

Space Track was the only organization that used observations from all types of sources: radar, optical, radio, and visual. All unclassified observations were shared with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. In 1961, the system was declared operational and assigned to the new 1st Aerospace Surveillance and Control Squadron until 1976, as part of NORAD's Space Detection and Tracking System (SPADATS).

Air Force Satellite Control Facility
The United States Air Force's Air Force Satellite Control Facility (AFSCF) was a space command and control unit located at Onizuka AFS, California. It has the distinction of being heavily involved in the world's first reconnaissance satellite program, CORONA. Due to geological hazards (i.e. earthquakes), and the terrorism threat from its proximity to a major transportation link (California Highway 101), the facility's command and control functions were moved to Schriever AFB, Colorado.
Miranda (ship)
Several vessels have been named Miranda:

Miranda (1828 ship) was launched in Bristol in 1828. In 1829–1830 she made one voyage to Bengal, sailing under a licence from the British East India Company (EIC). On her return she became a West Indiaman, sailing to Jamaica and Antigua. She was broken up around 1851.

Miranda (1829 ship) was launched in Liverpool in 1829 as a West Indiaman. She was condemned at Calcutta in 1840.

Miranda (1828 ship)
Miranda was launched in Bristol in 1828. In 1829–1830 she made one voyage to Bengal, sailing under a licence from the British East India Company (EIC). On her return she became a West Indiaman, sailing to Jamaica and Antigua. She was broken up around 1851.
Poorman's Meal
Poorman's Meal is a classic American Depression-era dish consisting of fried potatoes and slices of hot dogs.

The Poorman's Meal was popularized by Clara Cannucciari, who lived during the Great Depression, remembered the dish, and made popular videos about it.

This food is easy to make, and consists of a few inexpensive ingredients. It is made by cutting potatoes into small pieces, and frying them in a pan with onions, with added tomato sauce and some water, and later hot dog slices.

Frying
Frying is the cooking of food in oil or another fat. Similar to sautéing, pan-fried foods are generally turned over once or twice during cooking to ensure that the food is evenly cooked, using tongs or a spatula, whereas sautéed foods are cooked by "tossing in the pan". A large variety of foods may be fried. Frying is a dehydration process which involves the transfer of mass and heat. Different chemical changes take place during the frying process such as protein denaturation, starch gelatinization, surface browning, rapid water evaporation and oil absorption.
German submarine U-925
German submarine U-925 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 25 August 1941, and was laid down on 15 June 1942 at Neptun Werft AG, Rostock, as yard number 512. She was launched on 6 November 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hellmut Knoke on 30 December 1943.

Neptun Werft
Neptun Werft (German pronunciation: [ˈnɛptuːn ˌvɛːʁft] ⓘ; lit. 'Neptune Shipyard') is a German shipbuilding company in Rostock. Since 1997, it has been a subsidiary of Meyer Werft. As of 2026, the company specializes in building river cruise vessels.
Residual sodium carbonate index
The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) index of irrigation water or soil water is used to indicate the alkalinity hazard for soil.  The RSC index is used to find the suitability of the water for irrigation in clay soils which have a high cation exchange capacity. When dissolved sodium in comparison with dissolved calcium and magnesium is high in water, clay soil swells or undergoes dispersion which drastically reduces its infiltration capacity.

In the dispersed soil structure, the plant roots are unable to spread deeper into the soil due to lack of moisture. However, high RSC index water does not enhance the osmotic pressure to impede the off take of water by the plant roots unlike high salinity water. Clay soils irrigation with high RSC index water leads to fallow alkali soils formation.

Infiltration (hydrology)
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is commonly used in both hydrology and soil sciences. The infiltration capacity is defined as the maximum rate of infiltration. It is most often measured in meters per day but can also be measured in other units of distance over time if necessary.  The infiltration capacity decreases as the soil moisture content of soils surface layers increases. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier.

Infiltrometers, parameters and rainfall simulators are all devices that can be used to measure infiltration rates.

Infiltration is caused by multiple factors including; gravity, capillary forces, absorption, and osmosis. Many soil characteristics can also play a role in determining the rate at which infiltration occurs. When it rains, excess water can drain through the soil at macropores.
2021–22 Moldovan National Division
The 2021–22 Moldovan National Division (Romanian: Divizia Națională) was the 31st season of top-tier football in Moldova. The season started on 1 July 2021 and ended on 14 May 2022. Sheriff Tiraspol were the defending champions. The winners of the league this season earned a spot in the first qualifying round of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League, and the second, third and fourth placed clubs earned a place in the first qualifying round of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League.

FC Bălți
Fotbal Club Bălți, commonly known as Bălți, is a Moldovan professional football club based in Bălți, founded in 1984 as FC Zaria Bălți and refounded in 2020 as FC Bălți. They play in the Liga, the top division of Moldovan football. Between 1992 and 2014, the team was known as FC Olimpia Bălți.
HMS Astute (P447)
HMS Astute (P447) was an Amphion-class submarine. Her keel was laid down by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness.  She was launched in 1944 and commissioned in 1945.

In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Astute was scrapped on 1 October 1970 at Dunston on Tyne.

Fleet review
A fleet review or naval review is an event where a gathering of ships from a particular navy is paraded and reviewed by an incumbent head of state and/or other official civilian and military dignitaries. A number of national navies continue to hold fleet reviews. Fleet reviews may also include participants and warships from multiple navies.
Eric Barber (English footballer)
Eric Barber (25 March 1926 – 25 April 2015) was an English footballer who played as a forward or winger in the Football League for Rochdale. He was on the books of Stockport County, Sheffield United and Bolton Wanderers without playing league football for any of them, and also played non-league football for Macclesfield Town (two spells), Witton Albion and Stalybridge Celtic.

Witton Albion F.C.
Witton Albion F.C. are a football club based in Northwich, England. They were founded in 1887. They have won the Cheshire Senior Cup 11 times since 1902. Their most recent success in this competition was in 2006, when they defeated Stalybridge Celtic in the final. They have also reached the FA Cup Second Round on at least three occasions. The club will play in the Northern Premier League Division One North (eighth tier of the English football league system) in the 2015–16 season.

The club's ground was for many years in the centre of the town, just behind the library. In 1989, they moved a couple of miles to Chapel Street in nearby Wincham. Sainsbury's Supermarket now occupies the old Central Ground site.

Witton's current home, U Lock It Stadium (Wincham Park), holds in excess of 4,500 and is equipped with floodlights, segregation, a club shop and a museum.

There used to be a fierce local rivalry with Northwich Victoria.