hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Sanadid Forces
The Forces of the Brave (Arabic: جيش الصناديد / قوات الصناديد, romanized: Quwwāt aṣ-Ṣanādīd / Jayš aṣ-Ṣanādīd), generally called the al-Sanadid Forces, is a militia formed by the Arab Shammar tribe to fight against the Islamic State. Even though the tribe's Syrian strongholds are mostly in the Jazira Canton of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES), such as at al-Yaarubiyah and Tell Hamis, the militia operates throughout most of the DAANES. The red colour in their flag represents blood while the yellow represents the light, calling themselves "marchers on the red death". The al-Sanadid Forces are affiliated with the co-governor/co-president of Jazira Canton and tribal leader Humaydi Daham al-Hadi, and are led by Humaydi's son Bandar al-Humaydi.

Al-Hasakah Governorate
Al-Hasakah Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الحسكة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Ḥasakah), officially known as Hasakah Governorate (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Hesekê; Classical Syriac: ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܚܣܟܗ, romanized: Huparkiyo d'Ḥasake, and also known as ܓܙܪܬܐ, Gozarto) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is located in the far north-east corner of Syria and distinguished by its fertile lands, plentiful water, natural environment, and more than one hundred archaeological sites. It was formerly known as Al-Jazira Province. Prior to the Syrian civil war nearly half of Syria's oil was extracted from the region. It is the lower part of Upper Mesopotamia.

Most of the territory is controlled by the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES), which as part of the ongoing Rojava conflict, on 21 January 2014 declared democratic autonomy on the area of Al-Hasakah Governorate as the Jazira Region, the largest of the three original regions of DAANES.
Leslie Public Schools
Leslie Public Schools is a public school district in Michigan. In Ingham County, it serves Leslie and parts of the townships of Bunker Hill, Leslie, and Onondaga. In Jackson County, it serves parts of Rives Township and Tompkins Township.

Bunker Hill Township, Michigan
Bunker Hill Township is a civil township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, the township population was 1,966.
The township is a rural area in central Michigan.

The community is heavily agricultural and local industries include small farms, campgrounds, and Amish businesses.
Goosebumps (soundtrack)
Goosebumps (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2015 film Goosebumps directed by Rob Letterman based on R. L. Stine's children's horror novel series of the same name. The film score is composed by Danny Elfman and released digitally through Madison Gate Records on October 9, 2015, and in CDs through Sony Classical Records on October 23, 2015.

Rob Letterman
Robert Thomas Letterman (born October 31, 1970) is an American film director and screenwriter. He made his directorial debut as co-director of the animated comedy film Shark Tale (2004), for which he received a nomination at the 32nd Annie Awards. He then co-directed the animated science fiction comedy film Monsters vs. Aliens (2009).

Letterman has since transitioned into live-action filmmaking, directing the fantasy comedy film Gulliver's Travels (2010), the horror comedy film Goosebumps (2015), and the fantasy mystery film Pokémon Detective Pikachu (2019).
Six Lectures About Loneliness
Six Lectures About Loneliness is a 2009 non-fiction book by Chian Hsun, a professor at the Chinese Culture University. The book discusses the concept of loneliness and how it affects different aspects of humanity.

Chinese Culture University
Chinese Culture University (CCU; Chinese: 中國文化大學) is a private university located in Yangmingshan in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan. Established in 1962, CCU is one of the largest universities in Taiwan with an enrollment of about 32,000 students. Satellite campuses are located in the Jianguo, Ximending, and Zhongxiao East Road areas of Taipei City.
Puccinia malvacearum
Puccinia malvacearum, also known as hollyhock or mallow rust, is a fungal species within the genus Puccinia known for attacking members of the family Malvaceae. An autoecious pathogen, it can complete its life cycle using a single host.

It was originally found on the leaves of a species of Malva in Chile.
Other plants also affected by the rust include Abutilon, Alcea (Hollyhock), Hibiscus, Lavatera, Malvastrum and Sphaeralcea.

Suggested control measures (in the US), include sanitation (removal or destruction of affected plants or plant portions) or treatment with fungicides.

Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae). There are about 40-60 species, including annuals, perennials, and shrubs. Most originate in the drier regions of North America, with some known from South America. They are commonly known as globemallows, globe mallows, false mallows or falsemallows. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek words σφαῖρα (sphaira), meaning "sphere," and αλκεα (alkea), meaning "mallow."

The leaves of these plants are spirally arranged, and usually palmate or toothed. Both stems and leaves are downy. Like other Malvaceae, the flowers are saucer- or cup-shaped, with the stamens joined into a column in the center.

Sphaeralcea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Schinia olivacea, which has been recorded on S. lindheimeri.
Femke Markus
Femke Markus (pronounced [ˈfɛmkə ˈmɑrkʏs]; born 17 November 1996) is a Dutch professional racing cyclist. She is a younger sister of Riejanne Markus, but they are not related to Barry Markus and his sister Kelly Markus.

In 2023 Markus and Mischa Bredewold left Parkhotel Valkenburg to join team SD Worx.

Team SD Worx–Protime
Team SD Worx - Protime (UCI team code: SDW) is a professional cycling team based in the Netherlands, which competes in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's World Tour. They topped the UCI Women's World Tour team ranking in 2016–2019 and 2021–2024.

Between 2012 and 2020, the team's title sponsors were the Dutch equipment rental company Boels Rental and Dolmans Landscaping, a Dutch civil engineering company. In February 2020, it was announced that Belgian human resource services company SD Worx would become the title sponsor of the team on a four-year deal from 2021. In 2024 the Belgian workforce management solutions company Protime was added as main sponsor and both SD Worx and Protime extended the contract until 2028.
John S. Morgan
John S. Morgan was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 13B, which covered portions of Prince George's County & Howard County Maryland.  Along with fellow Republican Martin G. Madden, he helped unseat incumbent Democrat William C. Bevan from office.  In 1998, he was defeated by Democrat John A. Giannetti Jr.  It was the second time he had faced Giannetti in the general election, the first time being in 1994 when he handily defeated him.

Morgan also ran for United States Congress in 1996 against incumbent Steny Hoyer, but was defeated by 14 percentage points.

Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince George's County (often shortened to PG County, PG, or PGC) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 967,201, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind neighboring Montgomery County. The 2020 census counted an increase of nearly 104,000 in the previous ten years. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is the most populous African American-majority county in the United States, as well as the second most affluent behind neighboring Charles County.

The county is part of the Capital region of the state, though portions of the county are considered to be in Southern Maryland. The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities, such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters.
Hormisdas Langlais
Hormisdas Langlais was a Canadian politician and a seven-term Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
He was born on September 2, 1890, in Saint-Octave-de-Métis, Bas-Saint-Laurent.

Langlais ran as an Action libérale nationale (ALN) candidate in the 1935 election and lost.  He was elected as a Union Nationale candidate in the 1936 election against Liberal incumbent Amédée Caron in the provincial district of Îles-de-la-Madeleine.  He was re-elected in the 1939, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960 elections.

He was appointed House Whip in 1944 and served as a parliamentary assistant from 1955 to 1960.  He was defeated against Liberal candidate Louis-Philippe Lacroix in the 1962 election.

Langlais died on April 6, 1976, in Quebec City.

1935 Quebec general election
The 1935 Quebec general election was held on November 25, 1935, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party led by Louis-Alexandre Taschereau was re-elected, defeating the Action libérale nationale, led by Paul Gouin, and the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Maurice Duplessis.

It was the fourth and final general election victory in a row for Taschereau, who had held office since 1920. He resigned less than seven months later due to a scandal.

The Action libérale nationale (ALN) was a newly formed party led by the son of former Liberal premier Lomer Gouin. It was established by former Liberals who had become dissatisfied with the party. The ALN and Conservatives formed an alliance, the Union Nationale, to contest this election. They merged after the election to become a single party, which soon became a dominant political force.
Adriaan Nijs
Adriaan Nijs (6 June 1683 – 21 April 1771) was a Flemish sculptor active in the Waasland.

He was educated in Antwerp, where he was a pupil of Hendrik Frans Verbruggen. At the end of his life he settled in Temse. His oeuvre is known for its pure Rococo carvings.

He married Joanna Catharina Van der Beke, by whom he had two daughters and nine sons. One of his sons from this marriage, Philips Alexander, was also a sculptor and his son Frans a well-known goldsmith. He later remarried to Catharina Magdalena Wesemael.

He died in Temse in 1771.

Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen
Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen or Hendrik Frans Verbruggen (30 April 1654 in Antwerp – 12 December 1724 in Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor and draftsman, who is best known for his Baroque church furniture in various Belgian churches.
William Cowlishaw Johnson
William Cowlishaw Johnson (1862 – 8 November 1943) was a British politician.

Born in Kingsland, Johnson was elected at the 1898 London County Council election in Whitechapel for the Progressive Party.  He also served on Stepney Metropolitan Borough Council, and as a magistrate chaired the Tower Hamlets Division.  He chaired the committee of the People's Palace, and also served on the committees of Toynbee Hall and the Whitechapel Art Gallery.

At the 1925 London County Council election, Johnson lost his County Council seat, by then Whitechapel and St George's, but was instead appointed as an alderman.  The Progressive Party was dissolved in 1926, and Johnson became recognised as the leader of the Liberal Party on the council.  However, the stress of the position led to poor health, and he was soon replaced by Percy Harris.  He left the council in 1931, retiring to Watford, where he died in 1943.

1925 London County Council election
An election to the County Council of London took place on 5 March 1925. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having two votes in the two-member seats. The Municipal Reform Party retained a large majority, while the Labour Party established itself as the principal opposition, supplanting the Progressive Party.
Sonora-Mono Toll Road
Sonora Mono Toll Road is a historical road in Tuolumne County, California.  The Sonora-Mono Road is a California Historical Landmark No. 422 listed on  March 4, 1949. Sonora-Mono Road was 49 California Gold Rush road founded in 1852. The Tuolumne County Water Company started the road in 1852. On the road in Sugar Pine, California toll gate, hotel, and stables were built. The road to Bridgeport in Mono County was started in 1860 and completed in 1864. To complete a round trip on the road from Sonora and Bridgeport for a six-horse covered wagon took three weeks.  for the round trip between Sonora and Bridgeport. Part of the road uses the Sonora Pass, that explorer Jedediah Smith in 1827.

A historical Sonora-Mono Road marker is on California State Route 108 and the Sugar Pine cutoff in Sugar Pine 
The marker was placed there by Bodie Chapter No.64, Matuca Chapter No.1849, E Clampus Vitus on September 10, 1983.

E Clampus Vitus
The Ancient and Honorable Order of E Clampus Vitus (ECV) is a fraternal organization dedicated to the preservation of the heritage of the Western United States, especially the history of the Mother Lode and gold mining regions of the area. There are chapters in California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Montana and Wyoming. Members call themselves "Clampers." The organization's name is in Dog Latin, and has no known meaning; even the spelling is disputed, sometimes appearing as "Clampus," "Clampsus," or "Clampsis." The motto of the Order, Credo quia absurdum, generally interpreted as meaning "I believe it because it is absurd;" is a Latin phrase popularly misattributed to Tertullian.
Rashikunai
"Rashikunai" (らしくない) is the 10th single by Japanese idol girl group NMB48. It was released on November 5, 2014. It debuted in number one on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart. As of December 15, 2014 (issue date), it has sold a total of 449,983 copies. It reached the second place on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. It was the 16th best-selling single of the year in Japan, with 449,983 copies.

NMB48
NMB48 (read "N.M.B. Forty-eight") is a Japanese idol group that debuted in 2011 as the second sister group to AKB48, produced by Yasushi Akimoto. NMB48 is named after the Namba district in Osaka city of Osaka Prefecture, where the group is based. The group performs at the NMB48 Theater, which is located in the basement of the Yes-Namba Building in Namba, Osaka. The group has sold over 9 million CDs in Japan.
Abraham Kidane
Abraham Kidane is the senior economic advisor to the Government of Eritrea and to the Ministry of National Development. He received his PhD in economics from the University of California, Los Angeles.  After teaching at the University of Southern California, Pepperdine University, and the California State University, Dominguez Hills), he returned to his country of birth in 1995 to work for the Eritrean government.  Kidane works at the Ministry of National Development, having previously held positions at the Bank of Eritrea and at the Office of the President.

Bank of Eritrea
The Bank of Eritrea (BOE) is the central bank of Eritrea. The bank is located in Asmara, the capital. The central bank is interested in encouraging foreign investment and in importing capital goods such as industrial machinery and agricultural equipment. The Central Bank of Eritrea, though a government entity, is independent from the Ministry of Finance; its governor and policy committee formulate and implement policy with input from the Ministry of Finance. Although travellers are permitted to bring foreign currency into the country, all transactions are to be made in Nakfa.
Malësi e Madhe District
Malësi e Madhe District (Albanian: Rrethi i Malësisë së Madhe), commonly known as Malësia, was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 36,770 in 2001, and an area of 897 km2 (346 sq mi). It is in the north of the country, and its capital was the town of Koplik. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Malësi e Madhe, which is part of Shkodër County.

Counties of Albania
Counties (Albanian: qarqe or qarqet), also sometimes known as prefectures (prefektura or prefekturat), are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Albania, replacing the earlier districts. Since 2000, there have been 12 counties. Since 2015, they have been divided into 61 municipalities, 373 communes, and 2,972 villages.
1893 Natal parliamentary election
Early elections to the Legislative Council were held in the Colony of Natal between 14 and 20 September 1893. They followed the proclamation of new constitution on 4 July, granting the colony responsible government. Following the election, John Robinson was appointed the colony's first Premier. The new parliament in Pietermaritzburg was opened on 19 October.

John Robinson (Natal politician)
Sir John Robinson (17 March 1839 – 5 November 1903), born in England, was a journalist and politician. He was the first prime minister of Natal (now part of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa).
Ministry of Culture (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Culture (Kazakh: Мәдениет министрлігі, romanized: Mädeniet ministrlıgı) was an agency in the Government of Kazakhstan that was responsible for carrying out state regulation, as well as, within the limits provided for by law, intersectoral coordination in the spheres of culture, interethnic and interfaith harmony, ensuring the rights of citizens to freedom of religion and interaction with religious associations, the development of languages, archival affairs, documentation, and state symbols.

The Ministry was originally created in 1990 as the State Committee of the Kazakh SSR for Culture. Its first chairman was Kanat Saudabayev. On 12 February 1992, the Ministry was formed into the Ministry of Culture.

On 6 August 2014, it was reorganized into the Ministry of Culture and Sports.

Government of Kazakhstan
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Үкіметі, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Ükımetı) is the collegial body that exercises executive power in the Republic of Kazakhstan; the government heads the system of executive bodies and directs their activities. The Government is formed by the President of Kazakhstan in the manner prescribed by the constitution. The current cabinet is headed by Oljas Bektenov, who was sworn in as Prime Minister on 6 February 2024.  The Government House is located on the left bank near Akorda at the House of Ministries at Mangilik el 8 ave in Astana. The length of the building is about 1.5 km. It consists of 20 blocks and has a stepped shape – from 8 to 10 floors. The total area of the facility is 228 thousand square meters. The outer walls are monolithic reinforced concrete, the finish is ceramic granite.
Martial arts manual
Martial arts manuals are instructions, with or without illustrations, specifically designed to be learnt from a book. Many books detailing specific techniques of martial arts are often erroneously called manuals but were written as treatises.

Prose descriptions of martial arts techniques appear late within the history of literature, due to the inherent difficulties of describing a technique rather than just demonstrating it.

The earliest extant manuscript on armed combat (as opposed to unarmed wrestling) is Royal Armouries Ms. I.33 ("I.33"), written in Franconia around 1300.

Not within the scope of this article are books on military strategy such as Sun Tzu's The Art of War (before 100 BCE) or Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus' De Re Militari (4th century), or military technology, such as De rebus bellicis (4th to 5th century).

Vegetius
Publius (or Flavius) Vegetius Renatus, known as Vegetius (Latin: [u̯ɛˈɡɛtiʊs]), was a writer of the Later Roman Empire (late 4th century). Nothing is known of his life or station beyond what is contained in his two surviving works: Epitoma rei militaris (also referred to as De re militari), and the lesser-known Digesta Artis Mulomedicinae, a guide to veterinary medicine. He identifies himself in the opening of his work Epitoma rei militaris as a Christian.
Oura Archipelago
The Oura Archipelago is a group of islands near the city of Pori in Finland. It is a part of the municipality of Merikarvia. The archipelago consists of approximately 300 islands. It is part of the Bothnian Sea National Park, that was established in 2011. The main island Ouranluoto has several tourist services. It can be reached by the harbour of Krookka.

The Oura Archipelago is famous for the Oura-opera which was written by Finnish author Arvo Salo. It was performed from 2002 to 2005 in Krookka harbour on Merikarvia municipality. A new opera is still performed yearly at Krookka.

Bothnian Sea National Park
Bothnian Sea National Park (Finnish: Selkämeren kansallispuisto, Swedish: Bottenhavets nationalpark) is a national park in Finland. It was established in early 2011. Around 98% of the surface of the National Park consists of water.
Sex & Philosophy
Sex & Philosophy (Persian: سکس و فلسفه, romanized: Sex o phalsapheh) is a 2005 internationally co-produced drama film directed, written and produced by Mohsen Makhmalbaf. Starring Daler Nazarov, Mariam Gaibova, and Farzona Beknazarova, the film is set in Tajikistan. Sex & Philosophy premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival  in September 2005. It saw a theatrical release in South Korea, Turkey, Italy, Singapore and Russia. Sex & Philosophy was Tajikistan's official selection for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film but it was disqualified because English subtitles were not added to the film in the time allowed by the Academy.

Mohsen Makhmalbaf
Mohsen Makhmalbaf (Persian: محسن مخملباف, [mohˈsen mæxmɒːlˈbɒːf]) (born May 29, 1957) is an Iranian film director, writer, film editor, and producer. He has made more than 20 feature films, won 50 awards, and served as a juror in more than 15 major film festivals. His award-winning films include A Moment of Innocence (1996) and Kandahar. His latest documentary is The Gardener and latest feature The President.

Makhmalbaf's films have been widely presented at international film festivals since the early 21st century. The director belongs to the new wave movement of Iranian cinema. Time selected Makhmalbaf's 2001 film Kandahar as one of the top 100 films of all time. In 2006, he was a member of the Jury at the Venice Film Festival.

Makhmalbaf left Iran in 2005 shortly after the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. He has lived in Paris since the events of the 2009 Iranian presidential election.
Boo, Bitch
Boo, Bitch is an American supernatural comedy television miniseries created by Tim Schauer, Kuba Soltysiak, Erin Ehrlich and Lauren Iungerich that premiered on Netflix on July 8, 2022. The series stars Lana Condor, Zoe Colletti, Mason Versaw, Aparna Brielle, and Tenzing Norgay Trainor.

Madison Thompson (actress)
Madison Thompson (born 2000 or 2001) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Erin Pierce on the Netflix series Ozark. She has also held guest and recurring roles on other television shows, including American Housewife, NCIS: New Orleans, and Kevin (Probably) Saves the World.
Queen's Tower
Queen's Tower can refer to:

Queen's Tower, Brisbane, residential skyscraper in Brisbane, Australia

Queen's Tower (London), a building of Imperial College London

Queen's Tower (Serpieri), a former royal estate near Athens

Queen's Tower (Sheffield), a house in Norfolk Park

Queen's Tower (Neduntheevu), a tower and lighthouse in Neduntheevu

Neduntheevu
Neduntheevu or Neduntivu (Tamil: நெடுந்தீவு, romanized: Neṭuntīvu; Sinhala: ඩෙල්ෆ්ට්, romanized: Ḍelfṭ) (also known by its Dutch name Delft) is an island in the Palk Strait, northern Sri Lanka. This island is named as Delft in the Admiralty Chart unlike the other islands, whose names are Tamil.