hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William V of Saint-Omer
William V of Saint Omer (ca. 1171 – ca. 1246) was the castellan of Saint-Omer from 1192 until his death, as well as Lord of Beaurain and Fauquembergues.

Born in ca. 1171, he was the eldest son of William IV of Saint Omer and Ida of Avesnes. He is attested in charters issued by his father from 1185 on, and 
some time between 1190 and 1192 he succeeded his father, who had died in the Holy Land. He is attested in numerous charters and deeds of property as well as donation to the Church over the next decades. He repeatedly pledged his loyalty to King Philip Augustus during the latter's conflicts with his neighbours, and is occasionally mentioned among the Flemish feudatories of the French court. He married Imagina of Looz, daughter of Gerard II, Count of Looz.

The marriage was childless, and after his death (sometime between March 1246 and August 1247) he was succeeded by his sole surviving brother, William VI of Saint Omer.

Fauquembergues
Fauquembergues (French pronunciation: [fokɑ̃bɛʁɡ]; West Flemish: Valkenberg; Picard: Fauquimbergue) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. First mentioned in 961 as "in monten qui dicitur Falcoberg", the place later in 1124 was called Falkenberga. In 1347, an English raiding force under Henry of Grosmont razed the settlement to the ground.
Capital punishment in Laos
The list of capital crimes enumerated in the statute books of Laos include murder; terrorism; drug trafficking; drug possession; robbery; kidnapping; obstructing an officer in the performance of his public duties and causing his death or causing him physically disability; disrupting industry, trade, agriculture or other economic activities with the intent of undermining the national economy; treason and espionage. Executions are carried out by a firing squad. In March 2009, the government of Laos reported to Amnesty International that at the end of 2008, there were 85 people on death row. The last known execution in Laos took place in 1989.

Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, historically called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.
Wenceslaus I of Legnica
Wenceslaus I, Duke of Legnica (Polish: Wacław I legnicki; c. 1318 – 2 June 1364) was a Duke of Namysłów from 1338 and of Legnica-Brzeg from 1342 until his death, but with further divisions with his brother Louis I.
He was the eldest son of Bolesław III the Generous, Duke of Legnica-Brzeg by his first wife, Margaret of Bohemia. He was named after his maternal grandfather, King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.

Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
Wenceslaus II Přemyslid (Czech: Václav II.; Polish: Wacław II Czeski; 27 September 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–1305).

He was the only surviving son of King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Ottokar's second wife Kunigunda. He was born in 1271, ten years after the marriage of his parents. Kunigunda was the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich, lord of Slavonia, son of a Grand Prince of Kiev, and Anna of Hungary, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary. His great-grandfather was the German king Philip of Swabia. Wenceslaus II was the grandfather of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. He was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.
Chung–Erdős inequality
In probability theory, the Chung–Erdős inequality provides a lower bound on the probability that one out of many (possibly dependent) events occurs. The lower bound is expressed in terms of the probabilities for pairs of events.

Formally, let  be events. Assume that  for some . Then

The inequality was first derived by Kai Lai Chung and Paul Erdős (in, equation (4)). It was stated in the form given above by Petrov (in, equation (6.10)).  It can be obtained by applying the Paley–Zygmund inequality to the number of  which occur.

Chung Kai-lai
Kai Lai Chung (traditional Chinese: 鍾開萊; simplified Chinese: 钟开莱; September 19, 1917 – June 2, 2009) was a Chinese-American mathematician known for his significant contributions to modern probability theory.
Żukowice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Żukowice [ʐukɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Korczyn, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Nowy Korczyn, 19 km (12 mi) south of Busko-Zdrój, and 66 km (41 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

In 1975–1998 the village was under the administration of the Kielce Voivodeship.

Kielce Voivodeship
Kielce Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kieleckie) is a former unit of administrative division and the local government in Poland. It was originally formed during Poland's return to independence in the aftermath of World War One, and recreated within the new Polish borders after the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War Two.
Fribourg–Yverdon railway
The Fribourg−Yverdon railway is a single-track standard-gauge line of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) in Romandy.

The line is sometimes considered to form one of two lines that intersect at Payerne station and are referred to in French as the Ligne de la Broye (Broye line) or in German as the Broyelinien (Broye lines) or Broyetallinien (Broye valley lines). The Fribourg−Yverdon railway is considered to form the Broye transversal. The Palézieux–Lyss railway includes the Broye longitudinal (Palézieux–Payerne–Murten–Kerzers). The lines are named after the Broye river, which passes through the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg, crossing the cantonal border ten times in total.

Palézieux
Palézieux (French pronunciation: [palezjø]) is a village and former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Since 2012 it forms part of the municipality of Oron.
1983 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1983 Davis Cup.

9 teams entered the Americas Zone in total. This year marked the abolition of the North & Central America and the South America sub-zones, with all teams now competing within a single bracket, with the overall winner being promoted to the following year's World Group.

Ecuador defeated Brazil in the final and qualified for the 1984 World Group.

Brazil Davis Cup team
The Brazil national tennis team represents Brazil in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Brazilian Tennis Confederation.

After nine years, Brazil returned to the World Group in 2013 with a defeat by the United States in the first round. Brazil also played in 2015, losing to Argentina.
Albert L. Farr
Albert Lincoln Farr (October 8, 1871—July 12, 1947) was an American architect, who was known for his designed residences in the Craftsman and Georgian styles. He was active in the San Francisco Bay Area. Farr was part of the firm Farr & Ward.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
Hastings City Hall
Hastings City Hall, formerly the Dakota County Courthouse, is a historic government building in Hastings, Minnesota, United States, completed in 1871.  It was the original courthouse for Dakota County and now serves as city hall.  It was designed by A.M. Radcliff, one of Minnesota's first architects, in an Italian Villa style.  Although an addition built in 1955 in an entirely different style damaged the building's integrity, the building remains a prominent structure in downtown Hastings.  The courthouse served as the seat of Dakota County government from 1871 until September 1974, when the county commissioners held their last meeting in the building.  It became the Hastings City Hall in 1993.

Dakota County, Minnesota
Dakota County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Minnesota, located in the east central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 439,882. The population of Dakota County was estimated to be 453,156 in 2024. The county seat is Hastings. Dakota County is named for the Dakota Sioux tribal bands who inhabited the area. The name is recorded as "Dahkotah" in the United States Census records until 1851. Dakota County is included in the Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States with about 3.71 million residents. The largest city in Dakota County is the city of Lakeville, the ninth-largest city in Minnesota and fifth-largest Twin Cities suburb. The county is bordered by the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers on the north, and the state of Wisconsin on the east.
Idiosoma kopejtkaorum
Idiosoma kopejtkaorum is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Michael Rix and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet kopejtkaorum honours Paul and Karen Kopejtka for their support for the Western Australian Museum Foundation.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Arnošt Hložek
Arnošt Hložek (11 December 1929 – 19 December 2013), also called Ernst Hložek, was a Slovak football coach and player.

He played for Slovan Bratislava and Inter Bratislava.

He coached Inter Bratislava, Dukla Banská Bystrica, MŠK Žilina, First Vienna, Rapid Wien, Sparta Prague, TTS Trenčín, Wiener Sport-Club, LASK and SC Zwettl.

FK Dukla Banská Bystrica
MFK Dukla Banská Bystrica (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈdukla ˈbanskaː ˈbistritsa]) is a Slovak professional football club from the town of Banská Bystrica. The club plays at the SNP Stadium. After being relegated from the Slovak 2. liga in 2017, they had financial problems.
Aligator 4x4
The Aligator 4x4 (Slovak: Aligátor, Slovak for alligator) is a Slovak type of all-terrain, off-road, lightly armoured, amphibious armored car, capable of carrying a crew of four. The vehicle is operated by the Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic, the land army of the Slovak Armed Forces, as well as some law enforcement agencies of the Slovak Police Force.

Alligator
An alligator, or colloquially gator, is a large reptile in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae in the order Crocodilia. The two extant species are the American alligator (A. mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (A. sinensis). Additionally, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains. Alligators first appeared during the late Eocene epoch about 37 million years ago.

The term "alligator" is likely an anglicized form of el lagarto, Spanish for "the lizard", which early Spanish explorers and settlers in Florida called the alligator. Early English spellings of the name included allagarta and alagarto.

Alligators are notable for their ability to inhabit climates that are considerably more temperate than those of most other crocodilians. Although they generally prefer subtropical to tropical regions, they are also capable of surviving colder winters in the northern parts of their range.
Infinitesimal transformation
In mathematics, an infinitesimal transformation is a limiting form of small transformation. For example one may talk about an infinitesimal rotation of a rigid body, in three-dimensional space. This is conventionally represented by a 3×3 skew-symmetric matrix A. It is not the matrix of an actual rotation in space; but for small real values of a parameter ε the transformation

is a small rotation, up to quantities of order ε2.

Skew-symmetric matrix
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, a skew-symmetric (or antisymmetric or antimetric) matrix is a square matrix whose transpose equals its negative. That is, it satisfies the condition

In terms of the entries of the matrix, if  denotes the entry in the -th row and -th column, then the skew-symmetric condition is equivalent to

In characteristic not equal to 2, diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix are zeros because each element must be its own negative.
Hahoetal
Hahoetal (Korean: 하회탈) are traditional Korean masks worn in the Hahoe byeolsingut talnori ceremonies that date back to the 12th century. They represent the stock characters needed to perform the roles in the ritual dance dramas included in the ceremony. The masks originated in the Hahoe Folk Village and Byeongsan Village, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. They are counted among the treasures of South Korea, and the oldest Hahoe mask is on display in the National Museum of Korea. The Hahoetal masks are considered to be among of the most beautiful and well known images representing Korean culture. The South Korean government named the masks "National Treasure #121" and the dance of the Pyolshin-gut Ta'l nori as "important intangible cultural asset #69." The Hahoe Mask Dance Drama Preservation Society performs the dance drama weekly at the Hahoe folk village for tourists, while Andong City hosts an international mask dance festival every October.

Culture of Korea
The traditional culture of Korea  is the shared cultural and historical heritage of Korea before the division of Korea in 1945.

Since the mid-20th century, Korea has been split between the North Korean and South Korean states, resulting in a number of cultural differences that can be observed even today. Before the Joseon period, the practice of Korean shamanism was deeply rooted in Korean culture.
El Mourouj
El Mourouj (Arabic: المروج, romanized: el-Murūj) is a town and commune in the southern suburbs of Tunis in the Ben Arous Governorate, Tunisia. It became a commune in 1991. It has 120,732 inhabitants as of 2022, compared to 81,986 in 2004, making it the most populous commune in the Ben Arous Governorate. It is the seat of El Mourouj Delegation. The delegation, divided into five districts (numbered 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6), has a main axis; the Avenue des Martyrs, which divides it into two parts from north to south. Exceptionally, El Mourouj 2 is part of Tunis Goveronorate.

The town was built in the 1980s to absorb and organize the growth of population, it had been planned since 1977 and intended to accommodate 130,000 inhabitants. The delegation was created on May 31, 1991.

Tunis Governorate
Tunis Governorate (Tunisian Arabic: ولاية تونس Wilāyat Tūnis pronounced [ˈtuːnɪs]; French: Gouvernorat de Tunis) is the smallest and most populated of the twenty-four governorates (provinces) of Tunisia. It covers an urban and suburban area on the Gulf of Tunis on the north-east coast covering 346 square kilometres (134 sq mi) and has a population of 1,075,306 (2024 census) with some agriculture and amenity land including parts of national parks. Its capital is that of the country, Tunis.
Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg
Countess Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg (23 September 1632 in Buchsweiler (now Bouxwiller in France) – 5 December 1681 in Straßburg (now Strasbourg, in France); buried in Lützelstein (now La Petite-Pierre, France)) was a daughter of Count Philip Wolfgang (1595-1641) and his wife, Countess Johanna of Oettingen (1602-1639).

Agatha Christine died on 5 December 1681 and, like many of her children and later her husband, she was buried in the parish church of Lützelstein.

La Petite-Pierre
La Petite-Pierre (French pronunciation: [la pətit pjɛʁ]; German: Lützelstein; Rhine Franconian: Lítzelstain) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It lies in the historical and cultural region of Alsace (Elsass in German). Petit-Pierre literally means little rock.

The town lies in the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park which has its headquarter in the château (Maison du Parc).
Cody Fowler House
Cody Fowler House is a historic home built in Temple Terrace, Florida, in 1922. It was designed by M. Leo Elliott. The house is located at 313 Sleepy Hollow Avenue.

The Fowler House is one of eight original Mediterranean Revival style homes designed for the developers of Temple Terrace by Elliott. It was built for Cody Fowler, an attorney and former president of the American Bar Association whose mother, Maude Cody Fowler, was one of the founders of Temple Terrace and a Vice-Mayor. Tampa's Fowler Avenue, one of the main thorough fares of Temple Terrace, is named after Maude for her contributions to the development and establishment of Temple Terrace as a prominent community of the Tampa Bay Area.

Florida State Road 582
State Road 582 (SR 582) is an east–west state highway in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The current alignment of SR 582 is Fowler Avenue just south of the northern city limit of Tampa and Temple Terrace from Florida Avenue (U.S. Route 41 Business (US 41 Bus.)/SR 685) to US 301 (SR 41). It is the primary road to access of University of South Florida (50th Street, the former State Road 582B and now County Road 582B, forms the eastern boundary of the campus; Fletcher Avenue, the former State Road 582A that was once a segment of SR 579, forms the northern boundary).

The road is named after Tampa civil rights activist Cody Fowler's mother Maud Fowler.
What Am I Crying For (album)
What Am I Crying For is the fifth and final album by Dennis Yost and The Classics IV and their only album on MGM South, released in 1973. It was released in Brazil as Love Me Or Leave Me Alone the following year.

The album failed to chart. The title track was the band's final Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 39.

MGM Records
MGM Records was a record label founded by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio in 1946 for the purpose of releasing soundtrack recordings (later LP albums) of their musical films. It transitioned into a pop music label that continued into the 1970s. The company also released soundtrack albums of the music for some of their non-musical films as well, and on rare occasions, cast albums of off-Broadway musicals such as The Fantasticks and the 1954 revival of The Threepenny Opera. In one instance, MGM Records released the highly successful soundtrack album of a film made by another studio, Columbia Pictures's Born Free (1966).
Fidelma Healy Eames
Fidelma Healy Eames (born 14 July 1962) is an Irish former politician. She was first elected to Seanad Éireann in 2007 by the Labour Panel. As a member of the Reform Alliance group, she sat as an Independent senator, having lost the Fine Gael parliamentary party whip in July 2013. In March 2016 she announced her retirement from politics. In April 2019, Healy Eames was a candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election in Ireland for the Midlands–North-West.

Labour Panel
The Labour Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Labour Panel elects eleven senators.
S/2007 S 2
S/2007 S 2 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 1, 2007, from observations taken between January 18 and April 19, 2007. S/2007 S 2 is about 5 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 16,054,500 kilometres in 759.2 days, at an inclination of 176.65° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.237. According to Denk et al. (2018), it is presumably at high risk of colliding with Phoebe in the future.

The moon was once considered lost in 2007 as it was not seen since its discovery. The moon was later recovered and announced in October 2019.

Jan Kleyna
Jan T. Kleyna /ˌdʒæn ˈkliːnə/ is a postdoctoral astronomy researcher at the University of Hawaiʻi Institute for Astronomy. His area of interest is galaxy dynamics, and he has worked to develop codes for the real-time detection of moving objects such as Jovian satellites.  He has also co-discovered several of Saturn's moons.
Tewaaraton Award
The Tewaaraton Award is an annual award for the most outstanding American college lacrosse men's and women's players, since 2001. It is the lacrosse equivalent of football's Heisman Trophy. The award is presented by The Tewaaraton Foundation and the University Club of Washington, D.C.

Lacrosse is the oldest sport played in North America and the award honors the Native American heritage of lacrosse in the name of its award, "Tewaaraton," the Mohawk name for their game and the progenitor of present-day lacrosse. The Tewaaraton Award has received the endorsement of the Mohawk Nation Council of Elders.  Each year, the award recognizes one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy: the Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribes.

Cayuga people
The Cayuga (Cayuga: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ, "People of the Great Swamp") are one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), a confederacy of Native Americans in New York.  The Cayuga homeland lies in the Finger Lakes region along Cayuga Lake, between their league neighbors, the Onondaga to the east and the Seneca to the west. Today, Cayuga people belong to the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, and the federally recognized Cayuga Nation of New York and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma.
Pedro Cabrera
Pedro Cabrera (born 26 April 1927) is a Spanish fencer. He competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He competed at the 1959 Mediterranean Games where he won a bronze medal in the team épée event.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.