hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of medical diagnosis
The history of medical diagnosis began in earnest from the days of Imhotep in ancient Egypt and Hippocrates in ancient Greece but is far from perfect despite the enormous bounty of information made available by medical research including the sequencing of the human genome. The practice of diagnosis continues to be dominated by theories set down in the early 20th century.

Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of DNA sequences for each of the 22 autosomes and the two distinct sex chromosomes (X and Y). A small DNA molecule is found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome.

Human genomes include both genes and various other types of functional DNA elements. The latter is a diverse category that includes regulatory DNA scaffolding regions, telomeres, centromeres, and origins of replication. In addition, there are large numbers of transposable elements, inserted viral DNA, non-functional pseudogenes and simple, highly repetitive sequences. Introns make up a large percentage of the human genome.

Some of the genome is non-functional junk DNA, such as pseudogenes, but there is no firm consensus on the total amount of junk DNA.
Lanvallay
Lanvallay (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃valɛ]; Breton: Lanvalae) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. In 1973 it absorbed two former communes: Tressaint and Saint-Solen.

Côtes-d'Armor
The Côtes-d'Armor (/koʊt dɑːrmər/ koht dar-mər, /-dɑːrmɔːr/ -⁠dar-mor; French pronunciation: [kot daʁmɔʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Aodoù-an-Arvor, [ˈoːdu ãn ˈarvor]), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord until 1990 (Breton: Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, [ˈoːdu ãn ˌhãntɛrˈnoːs]), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 600,582.
Myrtle K. Hilo
Myrtle Keahiʻaihonua Kalanikahea Hilo (May 17, 1929 - October 3, 2009) was a native Hawaiian taxicab driver, radio personality, ʻukulele player and singer. Her signature album The Singing Cab Driver was released in 1967 on Makaha Records. She was born in Hauʻula, Hawaii on the island of O'ahu. In 1998 she received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Hawai'i Academy of Recording Arts.

Hauʻula, Hawaii
Hauʻula (Hawaiian pronunciation: [hɐwˈʔulə]) is a census-designated place and rural community in the Koʻolauloa District on the island of Oʻahu, City & County of Honolulu.  In Hawaiian, hauʻula means "red hau" (hau is a type of tree: Hibiscus tiliaceus).  There is a small commercial center. As of the 2020 census, the CDP population was 4,018.

A fringing reef extends off the shoreline. There are several beaches and  beach parks in Hauʻula, including Hauʻula Beach Park, ʻAukai Beach Park, Kokololio Beach Park, and Mahakea Beach. Sugarcane was once grown along the narrow coastal plain inland from the highway.

The U.S. postal code for Hauʻula is 96717. There is a two-bay fire station located on Kamehameha Highway.
Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6
Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6 is the sixth season of the dance reality show, Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. It premiered on 1 June 2013 on Colors. The season was hosted by Manish Paul and Kapil Sharma. Madhuri Dixit, Karan Johar and Remo D'Souza were the three judges. The finale took place on 14 September 2013 and where Drashti Dhami with Salman Yusuff Khan emerged as the winners while Lauren Gottlieb and Punit Pathak became the runner-up.

Colors TV
Colors TV India is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, fantasy shows, romantic dramas, comedies, reality shows and crime shows.
John Chipman Wade
John Chipman Wade (1817 – July 9, 1892) was a Canadian politician and lawyer who served in both the Nova Scotia House of Assembly and the House of Commons of Canada.

The son of John Wade and Harriet Chipman, Wade was born in Granville, Nova Scotia and educated at Annapolis Royal. He was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1840. In 1842, Wade married Caroline Viets, the daughter of the Reverend Roger Viets. He represented Digby County in the provincial assembly from 1851 to 1867 and served as speaker for the assembly from 1864 to 1867. Wade supported Confederation which led to his defeat when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1867. He was named Queen's Counsel in 1867. Wade was elected as a Member of the historical Conservative Party in 1878 to the House of Commons in the riding of Digby in a by-election and re-elected in 1878.  He was defeated in the election of 1882.

By-elections to the 3rd Canadian Parliament
By-elections to the 3rd Canadian Parliament were held to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada between the 1874 federal election and the 1878 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the 3rd Canadian Parliament.

The number of by-elections is notable and so is the number that were of successfully contested, mainly because courts in Canada began to take a more objective view of petitions at that time, following legal reforms on election procedure. Despite many new elections being called, many politicians were nonetheless reelected a second time.

The following list includes Ministerial by-elections which occurred due to the requirement that Members of Parliament recontest their seats upon being appointed to Cabinet. These by-elections were almost always uncontested. This requirement was abolished in 1931.
Cam and groove
A cam and groove coupling, also called a camlock fitting, is a form of hose coupling. This kind of coupling is popular because it is a simple and reliable means of connecting and disconnecting hoses quickly and without tools.

National pipe thread
American National Standard Pipe Thread standards, often called national pipe thread standards for short, are United States national technical standards for screw threads used on threaded pipes and pipe fittings. They include both tapered and straight thread series for various purposes, including rigidity, pressure-tight sealing, or both. The types are named with a full name and an abbreviation, such as NPT, NPS, NPTF, or NPSC.

MIP is an abbreviation for male iron pipe, and FIP is an abbreviation for female iron pipe.

Outside North America, some US pipe thread sizes are widely used, as well as many British Standard Pipe threads and ISO 7–1, 7–2, 228–1, and 228-2 threads.
St Leonards, Dorset
St Leonards is a village in south east Dorset, England, situated on the A31 road approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-west of Ringwood, Hampshire, 8 miles (13 km) north of Bournemouth and 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of Ferndown. With adjacent St Ives and Ashley Heath, it forms the civil parish of St Leonards and St Ives, which had a population of 6,859 in 2011. The village is part of the historic county of Hampshire (it was transferred to Dorset for administrative purposes following the Local Government Act 1972).

The village has a youth club for ages 10–18 on a Monday and Wednesday, situated in Braeside Park near the village hall and by the scout hut.

Ferndown
Ferndown is a town and civil parish (under the name Ferndown Town) in Dorset in southern England. It lies immediately to the north of Bournemouth and Poole, and about 4 miles (6 km) east of Wimborne Minster. The parish, which until 1986 was called Hampreston, includes the communities of Ameysford, Hampreston, Longham, Stapehill and Trickett's Cross. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 17,501.
Jan Faye
Jan Faye is a Danish philosopher of science and metaphysics. He is currently associate professor in philosophy at the University of Copenhagen. Faye has contributed to a number of areas in philosophy including explanation, interpretation, philosophy of the humanities and the natural sciences, evolutionary naturalism, philosophy of Niels Bohr, and topics concerning time, causation, and backward causation (Retrocausality).

Interpretation (philosophy)
Philosophical interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to concepts, texts, experiences, or symbols to uncover deeper, often hidden, understanding. It involves critical analysis, contextualization, and, in many traditions, a creative dialogue between the interpreter and the subject to move beyond surface-level, literal comprehension. Two broad types of interpretation can be distinguished: interpretations of physical objects, and interpretations of concepts (conceptual model).
Whitehall farce
The Whitehall farces were a series of five long-running comic stage plays at the Whitehall Theatre in London, presented by the actor-manager Brian Rix, in the 1950s and 1960s. They were in the low comedy tradition of British farce, following the Aldwych farces, which played at the Aldwych Theatre between 1924 and 1933.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
1990 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
The 1990 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 64th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 20 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.

This was St. Peter's Dunboyne's return to the grade as they were promoted from the J.F.C. after claiming the 1989 Meath Junior Football Championship title, and they almost won straight promotion through the grade, losing to Dunderry in the final.

On 14 October 1990, Dunderry claimed their 4th Intermediate championship title when they defeated St. Peter's Dunboyne 0–16 to 1–7 in the final at Pairc Tailteann, ending their run of 3 final losses in 3 years.

Wolfe Tones were regraded to the J.F.C. for 1991 after over 10 years as an Intermediate club.

Meath Junior Football Championship
The Meath Junior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by lower-tier Meath GAA clubs. The winner of this championship will be promoted to the Intermediate division. The winner also represents Meath in the Leinster Junior Club Football Championship. The 2025 Meath Junior Football Championship was won by Clann na nGael, who defeated St. Vincent's in the final 0–17 to 1–12.
Sinéad
Sinéad (/ʃɪˈneɪd/ shin-AYD, Irish: [ˈʃɪnʲeːd̪ˠ, ʃɪˈnʲeːd̪ˠ]) is an Irish feminine name. It is derived from the French Jeanette, which is cognate to the English Janet, itself a feminine form of the Hebrew Yohanan, "God forgave/God gratified". In English, Sinéad is also commonly spelled Sinead. The name is generally translated into English as either Jane or Jennifer, or as the Scottish female name Jean.

Notable people and characters with the name include:

Yohanan
Yohanan יוֹחָנָן‎ (Yôḥānān), sometimes transcribed as Johanan, is a Hebrew male given name that can also appear in the longer form of יְהוֹחָנָן‎ (Yəhôḥānān), meaning "YHWH is gracious".

The name is ancient, recorded as the name of Johanan, high priest of the Second Temple around 400 BCE.
Ahimanawa Range
The Ahimanawa Range is a range of rugged hills in the northern Hawke's Bay region of the eastern North Island of New Zealand. It is located between Napier and Taupō.

39°00′S 176°27′E﻿ / ﻿39.000°S 176.450°E﻿ / -39.000; 176.450

Taupō
Taupō, sometimes written Taupo, is a town located in the central North Island of New Zealand. It is situated on the edge of Lake Taupō, which is the largest freshwater lake in New Zealand. Taupō was constituted as a borough in 1953. It has been the seat of Taupō District Council since the council was formed in 1989.

Taupō is the largest urban area of the Taupō District, and the second-largest urban area in the Waikato region, behind Hamilton. It has a population of approximately 26,600 (June 2024). Taupō is known for its natural beauty, with the surrounding area offering a range of outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, fishing, skiing, and water sports. Visitors can also enjoy a variety of attractions, including the Wairakei Power Station, Huka Falls, and the Tongariro National Park.
Ards (borough)
Ards (named after the Ards Peninsula) was a local government district in Northern Ireland with the status of borough. It was one of twenty-six districts formed on 1 October 1973, and had its headquarters in Newtownards. It was merged with neighbouring North Down on 1 May 2015 to form the new Borough of Ards and North Down. Other towns in the defunct Borough included Portaferry, Comber, and Donaghadee, and the population of the area was 78,078 according to the 2011 census.

Strangford Lough is at the heart of the area, and is the largest inlet in Ireland with internationally renowned wildlife. The Irish Sea coast stretches from Donaghadee to Portaferry. Mount Stewart, a National Trust property on the shore of Strangford Lough, is in the area, as well as Northern Ireland's only aquarium, Exploris, in Portaferry and Grace Neill's pub in Donaghadee.

Mount Stewart
Mount Stewart is a 19th-century house and garden in County Down, Northern Ireland, owned by the National Trust.  Situated on the east shore of Strangford Lough, a few miles outside the town of Newtownards and near Greyabbey, it was the Irish seat of the Stewart family, Marquesses of Londonderry. Prominently associated in particular with the 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (better known as Viscount Castlereagh), Britain's Foreign Secretary at the Congress of Vienna, and with the 7th Marquess of Londonderry, the former Air Minister who at Mount Stewart attempted private diplomacy with Hitler's Germany, the house and its contents reflect the history of the family's leading role in social and political life in Britain and Ireland.
Ixia confusa
Ixia confusa is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Ixia, and is a component of the vygieveld biome. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Riviersonderend Mountains, Langeberg, Groot-Swartberg and Outeniqua Mountains and southwards across the Overberg to the southern Cape coast.

Outeniqua Mountains
The Outeniqua Mountains, named after the Outeniqua Khoikhoi who lived there, is a mountain range that runs a parallel to the southern coast of South Africa, and forms a continuous range with the Langeberg to the west and the Tsitsikamma Mountains to the east. It was known as Serra de Estrella (Mountain of the Star) to the Portuguese. The mountains are part of the Garden Route of South Africa.
Richard Sévigny
Joseph Francis Richard Sévigny (born April 11, 1957) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens and Quebec Nordiques in the National Hockey League. He then moved to France to be coach of Chamonix HC (1989–90), Diables Rouges de Briançon (1990–91) and Angers (1994–95), and then returned to the Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey. He is noted for being the last Montreal Canadien to wear #33 prior to Patrick Roy.

1980–81 NHL season
The 1980–81 NHL season was the 64th season of the National Hockey League. The Flames relocated from Atlanta to Calgary. The New York Islanders were the top regular season team and the top playoff team, winning their second consecutive Stanley Cup by defeating the Minnesota North Stars in five games.
Bogdan Riznić
Bogdan Riznić (born 24 February 1990) is a Serbian professional basketball player for Žitko Basket.

Riznić played in Partizan in 2008–09 season and won Adriatic League, Radivoj Korać Cup and Basketball League of Serbia.

Radivoj Korać Cup
The Radivoj Korać Cup (Serbian: Куп Радивој(а) Кораћ(а), Kup Radivoj(a) Korać(a)) is the men's national basketball cup of Serbia. It is run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia named after Serbian basketball legend, FIBA Hall of Fame and Basketball Hall of Fame member Radivoj Korać.

Crvena zvezda have the most Radivoj Korać Cup titles at 12.
Vladimir Jugović
Vladimir Jugović (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Југовић, pronounced [ʋlǎdimiːr jûɡoʋitɕ]; born 30 August 1969) is a Serbian former professional footballer. A versatile player, he was usually employed as a left or attacking midfielder, but could play anywhere in midfield. He represented Yugoslavia at the 1998 FIFA World Cup and at UEFA Euro 2000, collecting 41 international appearances between 1991 and 2002, and scoring three goals.

Born in Milutovac, a village near Trstenik, Jugović played throughout his career for numerous top European teams. He won the European Cup and Intercontinental Cup with Red Star in 1991 and won both competitions again with Juventus in 1996. He is regarded as one of the finest players that Serbia has ever produced and one of the best midfielders of his generation.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
Carola Ciszewski
Carola Ciszewski (born 1 June 1968 in Merseburg, DDR) is a German handball player, won the 1993 World Championship. She also participated at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where the German national team placed fourth.

Merseburg
Merseburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛʁzəbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in central Germany in southern Saxony-Anhalt, situated on the river Saale, and approximately 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Archbishop Adalbert of Magdeburg.
The University of Merseburg is located within the town. Merseburg has around 35,000 inhabitants.
Lost River State Forest
The Lost River State Forest is a state forest located in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The forest borders the Canadian province of Manitoba to the north, and parcels belonging to the Red Lake Indian Reservation are within the forest's boundaries. The forest is managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

The forest is known for its excellent birdwatching. Avian species within the forest include the great grey owl, spruce grouse, snowy owl, northern hawk owl, and northern saw-whet owl, whip-poor-will, American three-toed woodpecker, black-backed woodpecker; yellow-bellied flycatcher, common raven, boreal chickadee, and magnolia warbler. Outdoor recreation opportunities in the forest include dispersed camping, hunting and  trails are designated for hiking and snowmobiling.

Spruce grouse
The spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis), also known as Canada grouse, spruce hen or fool hen,  is a medium-sized grouse closely associated with the coniferous boreal forests or taiga of North America. It is the only member of the genus Canachites.

It is one of the most arboreal grouse species, fairly well adapted to perching and moving about in trees. When approached by a predator, it relies on camouflage and immobility to an amazing degree; for example, letting people approach within a few feet before finally taking flight.
Selçuk Dereli
Selçuk Dereli (born 6 June 1969) is a retired Turkish international referee who was active internationally until 2010.

He served as a referee in 2006 and 2010 World Cup qualifying, as well as UEFA Euro 2008 qualification.

2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)
The European zone of qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup saw 53 teams competing for 13 places at the finals in South Africa. The qualification process started on 20 August 2008, nearly two months after the end of UEFA Euro 2008, and ended on 18 November 2009. The qualification process saw the first competitive matches of Montenegro.

Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, and Switzerland qualified in the first round by winning their groups. France, Greece, Portugal, and Slovenia qualified via the second round play-offs.
Nancy Dwyer
Nancy Dwyer (born 1954) is an American contemporary artist whose works include paintings, works on paper, public art, word sculpture and furniture art. Her work has been exhibited widely at venues including the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston, the New Museum in New York and many others.  Her work was included in the 2009 exhibition “The Pictures Generation” (of which she is considered to be a member) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, alongside the work of her peers and contemporaries, including Cindy Sherman and Robert Longo, with whom she cofounded Hallwalls in Buffalo, New York in 1974, as well as work by Barbara Kruger, Richard Prince, John Baldessari, Louise Lawler and Sherrie Levine, among others.

Sherrie Levine
Sherrie Levine (born 1947) is an American photographer, painter, and conceptual artist. Some of her work consists of exact photographic reproductions of the work of other photographers such as Walker Evans, Eliot Porter and Edward Weston.
Black Magic (Jonasu song)
"Black Magic" is a song by German DJ and producer Jonasu, released as a single on 18 December 2020 by 3 Beat Records. It was written by Jonasu, RØRY, and Dutch singer Rani who also provided uncredited vocals. Remixes by SHOSH and Tim Croft were released on 26 March and 11 June 2021 respectively. After being used in an episode of British dating game show Love Island in June 2021, the song registered a 59% increase in daily Spotify streams and entered the top 40 of the UK Singles Chart.

Love Island (2015 TV series) series 7
The seventh series of Love Island began broadcasting on 28 June 2021 and was hosted by Laura Whitmore on ITV2. Iain Stirling returned to narrate the series. The series was originally planned to air in the summer of 2020, but was postponed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Singer Mabel made a cameo appearance at a Spotify party in the villa performing some of her hits including her new single "Let Them Know".

On 23 August 2021, the series was won by Liam Reardon and Millie Court with 42.02% of the final vote, becoming the first couple of late entrants to win a series. Chloe Burrows and Toby Aromolaran finished as runners-up. This series was watched by an average of 4.17 million viewers which includes catch up figures.
Khomanani mine
The Impala mine is a large platinum mine located near Rustenburg in the North West Province of South Africa. Impala represents one of the largest platinum reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 68.9 million oz of platinum. The mine produces around 800,000 oz of platinum/year.

Ounce
The  ounce (/ˈaʊns/) is any of several different units of mass, weight, or volume and is derived almost unchanged from the uncia, an Ancient Roman unit of measurement.

The avoirdupois ounce (exactly 28.349523125 g) is 1⁄16 avoirdupois pound; this is the United States customary and British imperial ounce. It is primarily used in the United States.

Although the avoirdupois ounce is the mass measure used for most purposes, the 'troy ounce' of exactly 31.1034768 g is used instead for the mass of precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc.

The term 'ounce' is also used in other contexts:

The ounce-force is a measure of force (see below).

The fluid ounce is a measure of volume.

Historically, a variety of different ounces measuring mass or volume were used in different jurisdictions by different trades and at different times in history.