hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aceclidine
Aceclidine is a parasympathomimetic cholinergic drug that functions as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It is used in ophthalmology as a miotic agent to constrict the pupil. Historically used in Europe for the treatment of glaucoma, aceclidine received its first U.S. approval in 2025 under the brand name Vizz as a topical eye drop for the correction of presbyopia. Its mechanism of action produces pupil contraction with a relatively minimal effect on the ciliary muscle, which improves near visual acuity through a "pinhole" depth-of-field effect without inducing significant accommodative spasm.

Depth of field
The depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera. See also the closely related depth of focus.
Le crescendo
Le crescendo (The Crescendo) is a comic opera (opéra-buffon imité de l'italien) in one act by Luigi Cherubini with a libretto by Charles Augustin [de Bassompierre] Sewrin. The libretto is based on the opera buffa L'Angiolina ovvero Il matrimonio per sussurro with music by Antonio Salieri (Vienna, 1800) and by Valentino Fioravanti (Lisbon, 1803).

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.
Building stones of Wales
The building stones of Wales are many and varied reflecting the diverse geology of the country.  Some of the earliest known use of natural stone for building purposes was the sourcing of Ordovician dolerite in the Preseli Hills for the 'bluestone' lintels of Stonehenge. Other early use was in the construction of dolmens, burial cairns and stone circles in the late Stone Age and Bronze Age.  The tradition of building in stone was continued into Iron Age with the establishment of such hill forts as those at Tre'r Ceiri in North Wales and Garn Goch in the south.

The Welsh Stone Forum was established in 2003 to raise the profile of building stone in Wales.

Y Garn Goch
Y Garn Goch is a hill in the Brecon Beacons National Park in the east of Carmarthenshire, Wales. The name means the 'red cairn'. It lies near the village of Bethlehem, three miles southwest of Llangadog and four miles east of Llandeilo on the southern side of the broad Towy Valley. It is also commonly known as either Garn Goch or Carn Goch. Current owners and land managers are the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority.
Singita
Singita is a South African luxury ecotourism and conservation brand which operates private game lodges in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Rwanda, across the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, Kruger National Park, Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Grumeti Game Reserve, Serengeti National Park, and Volcanoes National Park.

Volcanoes National Park
Volcanoes National Park is a national park in northwestern Rwanda. It covers 160 km2 (62 sq mi) of rainforest and  encompasses five of the eight volcanoes in the Virunga Mountains, namely Karisimbi, Bisoke, Muhabura, Gahinga and Sabyinyo. It borders Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda. It is home to the mountain gorilla and the golden monkey, and was the base for the primatologist Dian Fossey.
Clivia nobilis
Clivia nobilis, the green-tip forest lily, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clivia, of the family Amaryllidaceae, native to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It grows to about 38 cm (15 in). It has evergreen strap-shaped leaves, and bears pendent umbels of multiple narrow, trumpet-shaped, red and yellow flowers, tipped with green.

At a minimum temperature of 10 °C (50 °F), in temperate regions it is normally cultivated as a houseplant. Like its relative C. miniata It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017).

Charlotte Percy (née Clive), Duchess of Northumberland (1787–1866), governess of Queen Victoria, was the first to cultivate the plant in the United Kingdom and bring it to flower. The whole genus was subsequently named after the Duchess.

Houseplant
A houseplant, also known as a pot plant, potted plant, or indoor plant, is an ornamental plant cultivated indoors for aesthetic or practical purposes. These plants are commonly found in homes, offices, and various indoor spaces, where they contribute to the ambiance by adding natural beauty and improving air quality. Most houseplants are tropical or semi-tropical species, as they thrive in the warm, humid conditions often found indoors. Many of them are epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants), succulents (which store water in their leaves), or cacti, which are particularly well-suited to indoor environments due to their low maintenance requirements.
The Missing Links (film)
The Missing Links is a lost 1916 American silent crime film directed by Lloyd Ingraham and starring Thomas Jefferson, Elmer Clifton, and Robert Harron. The film was written by Bernard McConville and D. W. Griffith, who also produced it. It premiered on January 16, 1916 as a production of the Fine Arts Film Company. It was distributed by Triangle Distributing. The Missing Links was Norma Talmadge's first film for Triangle.

The film tells of a murder in a small rural town. The major suspects are two brothers, Horace and Henry (Clifton and Harron). Each believes the other to be guilty, so confesses to save their brother.

Robert Harron
Robert Emmett Harron (April 12, 1893 – September 5, 1920) was an American motion picture actor of the early silent film era. Although he appeared in over 200 films, he is perhaps best remembered for his roles in the D.W. Griffith directed films The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916).
Laurens Janszoon Costerprijs
The Laurens Janszoon Costerprijs (Dutch for Laurens Janszoon Coster Prize) is a Dutch literary award given to those who have made a contribution to Dutch literature. The award is named after Dutch purported inventor of a printing press Laurens Janszoon Coster. The award is given by the Stichting Laurens Janszoon Coster organisation, and the award ceremony takes place in Haarlem, the city where Laurens Janszoon Coster was born.

Laurens Janszoon Coster
Laurens Janszoon Coster (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʌurəɲ ˈɕɑnsoːŋ ˈkɔstər]; c. 1370 in Haarlem – c. 1440), or Laurens Jansz Koster, is the purported inventor of a printing press from Haarlem. He allegedly invented printing simultaneously with Johannes Gutenberg and was regarded by some in the Netherlands well into the 20th century as having invented printing first.
Vinička Vas
Vinička Vas (pronounced [ʋiˈniːtʃka ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Vinička vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Lenart in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) southwest of Hrastovec. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A small chapel in the settlement dates to the early 20th century.

Municipality of Lenart
The Municipality of Lenart (pronounced [ˈleːnaɾt]; Slovene: Občina Lenart) is a municipality in northeastern Slovenia. It has just over 11,000 inhabitants. It is considered the centre of the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice). The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The seat of the municipality is Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah.
Brett Swenson
Brett Swenson (born February 10, 1988) is an American former college football player who was a placekicker for the Michigan State Spartans. He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2010.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Ngāti Hotu
Ngāti Hotu was a Māori tribe that, according to tradition, lived in the central North Island of New Zealand in the area surrounding southern Lake Taupō, where the Ngāti Tūwharetoa tribe now resides.

Ngāti Hotu were believed to have been part of the Tini o Toi Tribes of the Bay of Plenty and tradition describes Ngāti Hotu as 'a very fierce and warlike people' whom it took many generations of warfare to destroy, beginning from around the year 1450. Other traditions describe them as spirit people, which as is typical in Māori tradition, had reddish hair and pale white skin, symbolising their tapu nature.

Some members of Ngāti Hotu assert that their ancestors arrived in Aotearoa from the region now known as Iran. They believe as aboriginal people, they are considered a parent tribe predating the arrival of Toi aboard Te Paepae-ki-Rarotonga, with lineage tracing back to Ruatipua and Mouruuru.

Lake Taupō
Lake Taupō (also spelled Taupo; Māori: Taupō-nui-a-Tia or Taupōmoana) is a large crater lake in New Zealand's North Island, located in the caldera of Taupō Volcano.  The lake is the namesake of the town of Taupō, which sits on a bay in the lake's northeastern shore. With a surface area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi), it is the largest lake by surface area in New Zealand, and the second largest freshwater lake by surface area in geopolitical Oceania after Lake Murray in Papua New Guinea. Motutaiko Island lies in the southeastern area of the lake.
Portuguese Securities Market Commission
The Portuguese Securities Market Commission (CMVM) is the Portuguese financial regulator that supervises and regulates securities and other financial instruments and activities of all those who operate within said markets.

The CMVM is an independent public agency endowed with administrative and financial autonomy. It derives its income from supervision fees charged for services and not the General State Budget.

Whereas it is governed under a national framework of accountability, the CMVM increasingly implements policies set at the European Union level. It is a voting member of the Board of Supervisors of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

European Systemic Risk Board
The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is a group established on 16 December 2010 in response to the euro area crisis. It is tasked with the macro-prudential oversight of the financial system within the European Union in order to contribute to the prevention or mitigation of systemic risks to financial stability in the EU. It shall contribute to the smooth functioning of the internal market and thereby ensure a sustainable contribution of the financial sector to economic growth.

The ESRB is a macro-prudential oversight body of the EU and it is part of the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS), the purpose of which is to ensure the supervision of the EU's financial system. As a body lacking juridical personality, the ESRB relies on hosting and support by the European Central Bank. It includes representatives from the ECB, national central banks and supervisory authorities of EU member states, and the European Commission.
Keratin-associated protein
Keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs, KAPs) and keratins are the major components of hair and nails. The content of KRTAPs in hair varies considerably between species, ranging from less than 3% in human hair to 30–40% in echidna quill. Both keratin and KRTAPs are extensively cross-linked in hair through disulfide bonds via numerous cysteine residues in keratins. Given the economic importance of wool, the KRTAP family has been studied intensively in sheep.

Echidna
Echidnas (/ɪˈkɪdnəz/), sometimes known as spiny anteaters, are quill-covered monotremes (egg-laying mammals) belonging to the family Tachyglossidae /tækiˈɡlɒsɪdiː/, living in Australia and New Guinea. The four extant species of echidnas and the platypus are the only living mammals that lay eggs and the only surviving members of the order Monotremata. The diet of some species consists of ants and termites, but they are not closely related to the American true anteaters or to hedgehogs. Their young are called puggles.

Echidnas evolved between 20 and 50 million years ago and descend from an amphibious, platypus-like monotreme.
Long-Term Capital Holdings v. United States
Long Term Capital Holdings v. United States, 330 F. Supp. 2d 122 (D. Conn. 2004), was a court case argued before the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut that concerned a tax shelter used by Long-Term Capital Management, a failed hedge fund.

The tax shelter had been designed by Babcock & Brown for Long-Term Capital to shelter its short-term trading gains from 1997.

The case was an appeal of an Internal Revenue Service denial of the plaintiffs' claim of $106,058,228 in capital losses during the 1997 tax year and associated penalties. After a bench trial, Judge Janet Bond Arterton ruled, on August 27, 2004, that the transactions employed by Long-Term Capital Holdings did not have economic substance and so were disregarded for tax purposes.

Economic substance
Economic substance is a doctrine in the tax law of the United States under which a transaction must have both a substantial purpose aside from reduction of tax liability and an economic effect aside from the tax effect in order to qualify for any tax benefits. This doctrine is used by the Internal Revenue Service to determine whether tax shelters, or strategies used to reduce tax liability, are considered "abusive". Under the doctrine, for a transaction to be respected, the transaction must change the taxpayer's economic position in a "meaningful way" apart from the Federal income tax effects, and the taxpayer must have had a "substantial purpose" for entering into the transaction, apart from the Federal income tax effects.

The economic substance doctrine was originally a common law doctrine. The doctrine was codified in subsection (o) of section 7701 of the Internal Revenue Code by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.
Harrietta Plantation
Harrieta Plantation is a plantation about 5 mi (8 km) east of McClellanville in Charleston County, South Carolina. It is located off US Highway 17 near the Santee River, adjacent to the Wedge Plantation and just south of Fairfield Plantation. The plantation house was built around 1807 and was named to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1975.

Charleston County, South Carolina
Charleston County is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina along the Atlantic coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 408,235, making it the third-most populous county in South Carolina (behind Greenville and Richland counties). Its county seat is Charleston. It is also the largest county in the state by total area, although Horry County has a larger land area. The county was created in 1800 by an act of the South Carolina State Legislature. Charleston County is included in the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Lowcountry region of South Carolina.
Directorate General of Security (India)
The Directorate General of Security is an organisation of covert operations under India's Cabinet Secretariat. It is one of the four legally defined intelligence organisations of India and listed in the Schedule of the Intelligence Organisations (Restriction of Rights) Act, 1985, the other three being I.B., R&AW and NTRO. Since 1971, the Secretary, Research and Analysis Wing has usually held the post of Director General. This organisation used to be composed of Special Service Bureau (now Sashastra Seema Bal), Aviation Research Centre, Special Frontier Force and Chief Inspectorate of Armaments. Since the shifting of SSB and CIOA to the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2001, DGS consists of ARC and SFF only. The Special Group, a non-Tibetan and Sarsawa-based unit of SFF, is also a DGS component.

Cabinet Secretariat (India)
The Cabinet Secretariat (IAST: Mantrimanḍala Sacivālaya) is responsible for the administration of the Government of India. It provides secretarial assistance to the Cabinet of India and facilitates smooth transaction of business between Ministries and Departments of the Government. Since its creation, it has functioned from the Rashtrapati Bhavan on Raisina Hill in New Delhi. In September 2025, the office was shifted to its new building named Seva Teerth in the Executive Enclave, that was developed under the Central Vista Redevelopment Project.

The Cabinet Secretariat is under the charge of the Prime Minister of India and is headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
Geelen
Geelen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣeːlə(n)]) is a surname most common in Belgian and Dutch Limburg. In most instances it has a patronymic origin, where Geel was a variant of Giel, itself a short form of either Aegidius, Gilbert or Michiel.   Notable people with this name include:

Guido Geelen (born 1961), Dutch sculptor, furniture designer and ceramist

Harrie Geelen (1939–2025), Dutch illustrator, film director, animator, translator, writer and poet

Jim Geelen (born c.1971), Canadian mathematician and combinatorialist

Pie Geelen (born 1972), Dutch freestyle swimmer

Pieter Geelen (born 1964), Dutch inventor and entrepreneur, founder of TomTom

Pie Geelen
Pieke Geelen (born 20 October 1972) is a former freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. There he finished in fifth position with the Men's Relay Team in the 4x100m Freestyle, alongside Mark Veens, Martin van der Spoel, and Pieter van den Hoogenband.
2015 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2015 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was held March 11–15, 2015 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. With Davidson joining the conference in July 2014, it was a 14-team tournament for the first time.

2010–2013 Atlantic 10 Conference realignment
The 2010–13 Atlantic 10 Conference realignment refers to the Atlantic 10 Conference dealing with several proposed and actual conference expansion and reduction plans among various NCAA conferences and institutions from 2010 to 2013. Moves that involved the Atlantic 10 Conference were part of a much larger NCAA conference realignment.
Tecno Camon 12
Tecno Camon 12 Air, Tecno Camon 12, and Tecno Camon 12 Pro are Android-based smartphones manufactured, released, and marketed by the Chinese company Tecno Mobile as part of Tecno Camon 12 series. The device were unveiled during an event held on 5 September 2019 in Lagos, Nigeria, as successors to Tecno Camon 11 and Tecno Camon 11 Pro. It is the sixth generation of Tecno's Camon series of smartphones.

The Camon 12 Air, Camon 12, and Camon 12 Pro batch is an upgraded version of Camon 11 batch, coming with the same CPU. These phones generally come with different features, including the OS, RAM, display size, aspect ratio, and battery capacity.

The Camon 12 Pro has received generally favorable reviews, with critics mostly noting the good camera, shooting functions, storage capacity, build quality, and the in-display fingerprint sensor scanner. Critics, however, still criticize the lack of software update, full HD display, fast charging, and USB Type-C port.

Aspect ratio
The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions. For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape".

The aspect ratio is most often expressed as two integer numbers separated by a colon (x:y), less commonly as a simple or decimal fraction. The values x and y do not represent actual widths and heights but, rather, the proportion between width and height. As an example, 8:5, 16:10, 1.6:1, 8⁄5 and 1.6 are all ways of representing the same aspect ratio.

In objects of more than two dimensions, such as hyperrectangles, the aspect ratio can still be defined as the ratio of the longest side to the shortest side.
Bradley Willman
Bradley Willman (born 1980) is an anti-pedophile activist from Canada who engaged in private investigations using the Internet to expose pedophiles. At one time, he had unfettered access to between 2,000 and 3,000 computers that had been used to visit websites of interest to pedophiles as the result of his use of a Trojan horse. Willman's actions helped put California Superior Court judge Ronald Kline in prison for more than two years in 2007 for possession of child pornography. However, the legality of Willman's use of the Trojan horse was a basis for appeal by the judge.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Discovery and Launch
Discovery and Launch (DIAL) is a protocol co-developed by Netflix and YouTube with help from Sony and Samsung. It is a mechanism for discovering and launching applications on a single subnet, typically a home network. It relies on Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP), and HTTP protocols. The protocol works without requiring a pairing between devices. It was formerly used by the Chromecast media streaming adapter that was introduced in July 2013 by Google. (Chromecast now uses mDNS instead of DIAL.) DIAL enables what the TV industry calls second screen devices, such as tablet computers and mobile phones to send content to first screen devices, such as televisions, Blu-ray players, and set-top boxes.

Pairing (computing)
Pairing, sometimes known as bonding, is a process used in computer networking that helps set up an initial linkage between computing devices to allow communications between them. The most common example is used in Bluetooth, where the pairing process is used to link devices like a Bluetooth headset with a mobile phone.