hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julia Adams (sociologist)
Julia Potter Adams (born July 11, 1957) is an American sociologist who works in the area of comparative and historical sociology. Julia Adams is a professor of Sociology. She conducts research in the areas of state building, gender and family, social theory and knowledge, early modern European politics, and Colonialism and empire. Her current research focuses on the historical sociology of agency relations and modernity, gender, race, and the representation of academic knowledge on Wikipedia and on other digital platforms. Adams is Professor of Sociology and International & Area Studies and Head of Grace Hopper College, Yale. She also co-directs YaleCHESS (Center for Historical Enquiry and the Social Sciences) and is on the Board of Reed College.

Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity. Social theory in an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to as "social criticism" or "social commentary", or "cultural criticism" and may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing.
Rowland Suddaby
Rowland Suddaby (1912–1972) was a British artist and illustrator.

Rowland Suddaby was born in Kimberworth, Yorkshire in 1912. Suddaby won a scholarship to Sheffield College of Art and studied there from 1926.

Suddaby moved to London in 1931. He exhibited in shows at London's Wertheim Gallery, and The Redfern Gallery from 1936, and later at Austin Desmond.

At the start of World War II, he moved to near Sudbury, Suffolk, with his wife Elizabeth and daughter Joanna.

Suddaby's work is held in the collections of 18 UK galleries, including the V&A, and the  Government Art Collection has 24 of his works.

Sheffield Hallam University
Sheffield Hallam University (SHU) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The university is based on two sites; the City Campus is located in the city centre near Sheffield railway station, while the Collegiate Crescent Campus is about two miles away in the Broomhall Estate off Ecclesall Road in south-west Sheffield. A third campus at Brent Cross Town in the London Borough of Barnet is expected to open for the 2025–26 academic year.

The university is the 14th largest university in the UK (out of 169) with 30,765 students (of whom 4,400 are international students), 4,494 staff and 708 courses.
Comilla Division
Cumilla Division (Bengali: কুমিল্লা বিভাগ) is a proposed administrative division within Bangladesh. The division gets its name from the Comilla, which forms its western border. It encompasses the north-western parts of the existing Chittagong Division, comprises Brahmanbaria, Comilla, Chandpur, Noakhali, Feni, and Laxmipur Districts of Chittagong Division. The headquarters of the division would be in Comilla. It's located in the south-east region of the country, with a total area of 12,848.53 km2 (4,960.85 sq mi) and a population of 19,936,259 according to the 2022 Census.

Noakhali District
Noakhali District (Bengali: নোয়াখালী জেলা), historically known as Bhulua (Bengali: ভুলুয়া), is a district in southeastern Bangladesh, located in Chattogram Division. It was established as a district in 1821, and officially named Noakhali in 1868. The district's administrative center is situated in the town of Maijdee, governed by Noakhali municipality, within Noakhali Sadar Upazila. Notably, Noakhali is the only district in Bangladesh whose capital city does not share the district's name.
Jagana
Jagana is a village in the Palanpur taluka of Banaskantha district in northern Gujarat, India. The villages Vasna, Bhagal, Sedrasana are located near to Jagana and it is just 6 km away from the district headquarters, Palanpur.

Banaskantha district
Banaskantha district is one of the thirty-four districts of the Gujarat state of India. The administrative headquarters and largest city is Palanpur. The district is in northeastern Gujarat where the West Banas River runs through the valley between Mount Abu and Aravalli Range, flowing to the plains of Gujarat in this region. The district is famous for the Ambaji temple which draws many tourists. It has an area of 12,703 km2 and was the second largest district in the state until January 2025, when Vav-Tharad district was carved out of the western part of the district and remaining area of 6,176 km2 remains the same.
Kyrylo Nesterenko
Kyrylo Oleksandrovych Nesterenko (Ukrainian: Кирило Олександрович Нестеренко; born 1 March 1992) is a Ukrainian former professional football midfielder, defender of Metalurh Donetsk. Currently manager of Oleksandriya.

FC Oleksandriya
Football Club Oleksandriya (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб Олександрія), commonly known as Oleksandriya, is a Ukrainian professional football club based in the city of Oleksandriya, Kirovohrad Oblast. Founded in 1990, the club plays in the Ukrainian Premier League. The year 1948 on the club's crest appeared after its merger with UkrAhroKom in 2014 and depicts football heritage of the club rather than the club's foundation.

In 2014 the club changed ownership when the original owner Mykola Lavrenko sold it to Serhiy Kuzmenko, the owner of UkrAhroKom.

Debuting in the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League in July 2016, the club became the first one from Kirovohrad Oblast to qualify for the European competitions and second after Kryvbas in Central Ukraine (Right-bank).
You Think It's Like This but Really It's Like This
You Think It's Like This but Really It's Like This is Mirah's debut album, released in 2000 on K Records. In July 2020, Mirah released a 20th anniversary reissue of the album via Double Double Whammy. The double LP reissue includes a remastered version of the record as well as a tribute to the album that features covers by Mount Eerie, Half Waif, Palehound, Shamir, Sad13 (Sadie Dupuis), Allison Crutchfield (of Swearin') and more.

Palehound
Palehound is the project of El Kempner (they/them) who has released five albums, Dry Food (2015), A Place I'll Always Go (2017), Black Friday (2019), Eye on the Bat (2023) and Live at First Congregational Church (2024); as well as the Bent Nail EP (2013) and a number of 7" singles. Initially a solo project, the touring band currently features Kempner on vocals/guitar, Jamie Pompei on drums, Beck Zegans on guitar, and Miles Toth on bass. In 2015, the band received the Boston Music Award for new artist of the year.
Movement for the Salvation of Azawad
The Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (French: Mouvement pour le salut de l'Azawad; abbreviated MSA) is a Tuareg political movement and armed group in Azawad, Mali. It was founded on 2 September 2016 by Moussa Ag Acharatoumane.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Bates, Arkansas
Bates is an unincorporated community in Scott County, Arkansas, United States.  It is the location or nearest community of Bates School, at 1074 Bates School Rd., which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Scott County, Arkansas
Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,836. The county seat is Waldron. Scott County is Arkansas' 28th county, formed on November 5, 1833, and named for Andrew Scott, a justice of the Supreme Court of the Arkansas Territory. It is an alcohol-prohibited or dry county.
Papyrus 112
Papyrus 112 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓112, is a fragment from a portion of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript from the Acts of the Apostles. The surviving portions are parts of Acts 26:31-32 and, on the other side of the sheet, Acts 27:6-7. It is written in uncial characters of uniform size, without any diacritical marks or spacing between words. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ('the man') is written in the Nomen Sacrum form ὁ ἄνος, with a single overline. Based on palaeography, the manuscript has been assigned to the 5th century by the INTF.

The manuscript is currently housed at the Sackler Library (Papyrology Rooms, P. Oxy. 4496) at Oxford.

Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library
The Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library (‘Bodleian Art Library’ in its shortened form, formerly the Sackler Library) holds a large portion of the classical, art historical, and archaeological works belonging to the University of Oxford, England.
Skip Sweetser
Skip Sweetser (August 29, 1936 – November 17, 2020) was an American rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. His great-great-grandfather, Warren Sweetser, built Warren Sweetser House in 1842.

Rowing at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics took place at took place at Lake Albano, Italy. It was held from 31 August to 3 September. There were 14 boats (126 competitors) from 14 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by the United Team of Germany in that combined team's debut; it was the first medal for any German team since the 1936 Games in Berlin and first-ever gold medal in the event for a German team. Canada repeated as silver medalists. Czechoslovakia won its first men's eight medal with a bronze. The United States, which had won the last eight times the event was held (from 1920 to 1956) and all ten times the nation had appeared before, lost for the first time—finishing fifth, off the podium entirely, despite being among the contenders once again.
2025 West Coast Stock Car Motorsports Hall of Fame 150
The 2025 West Coast Stock Car Motorsports Hall of Fame 150 was the 1st stock car race of the 2025 ARCA Menards Series West season, and the 9th running of the event. The race was held on Saturday, January 25, 2025, at Kevin Harvick's Kern Raceway in Bakersfield, California, a 0.50 mile (0.80 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval shaped short track. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. In a wild finish, Trevor Huddleston, driving for High Point Racing, would take the win after a hard-fought battle between Kyle Keller, driving for Jan's Towing Racing, in the final few laps of the race. This was Huddleston's sixth career ARCA Menards Series West win. Pole-sitter Daniel Hemric fell back from the first lap to finish 9th. Huddleston led a race high 144 laps. To fill out the podium, Keller and Tanner Reif, driving for Central Coast Racing would finish 2nd and 3rd respectively.

McAnally–Hilgemann Racing
McAnally–Hilgemann Racing (MHR), also known as Bill McAnally Racing (BMR), is an American professional stock car racing team that competes full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. The team is based in Roseville, California, and is owned by Bill McAnally (in Truck, is co-owned by William Hilgemann). In the NASCAR Truck Series, the team fields four trucks full-time: No. 18 Chevrolet Silverado for Tyler Ankrum, the No. 19 for Daniel Hemric, the No. 81 for Kris Wright, and the No. 91 for Christian Eckes.

The team also races full-time in the ARCA Menards Series West fielding the No. 16 Chevrolet SS full-time for Hailie Deegan and the No. 19 Chevrolet SS full-time for Mason Massey, as well as part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, fielding the No. 16 Chevrolet SS part-time for Hailie Deegan and the 19 Chevrolet SS for Mason Massey.
Black Brotherhood
The Black Brotherhood was an urban society (or militia) established in Toulouse in 1211 in response to the White Brotherhood led by the bishop Folquet de Marselha. The Blacks opposed the Albigensian Crusade and supported the Count of Toulouse, Raymond VII.

Unlike the Whites, who were predominantly from the city proper, many of the Blacks came from the suburbs. They were moderate in their political outlook and some may have been Cathars, the very heretics the Whites were set up to destroy. They defended Cathar and Jewish homes and shops from the violence of the Whites and, according to William of Puylaurens, "daily the two parties would clash, banners flying, bristling with weapons, even with cavalry in evidence."

Count of Toulouse
The count of Toulouse  (Occitan: comte de Tolosa, French: comte de Toulouse) was the ruler of Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries. Originating as vassals of the Frankish kings, 
the hereditary counts ruled the city of Toulouse and its surrounding county from the late 9th century until 1270.  The counts and other family members were also at various times counts of Quercy, Rouergue, Albi, and Nîmes, and sometimes margraves (military defenders of the Holy Roman Empire) of Septimania and Provence.   
Count Raymond IV founded the Crusader state of Tripoli, and his descendants were also counts there.
They reached the zenith of their power during  the 11th and 12th centuries, but after the Albigensian Crusade the county fell to the kingdom of France, nominally in 1229 and de facto in 1271.

Later the title was revived for Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse, a bastard of Louis XIV (1678–1737).
Denis Novato
Denis Novato (born 4 May 1976) is a Slovene musician from Italy, and world champion player of the diatonic accordion. He has been a musician since the late 1980s.

Novato was born in Dolina near Trieste, Italy. From the age of ten he studied for Susanne Zerial. At the international accordion festival in Urbino in 1988 his solo performance won the first prize, and he has later won more than 20 international competitions. Since 1991 he has also teaching, both in Austria and Slovenia. His first recording on cassette was released in 1995 and on CD in 1997. In 1999 he was awarded the title of world champion of the diatonic accordion. He has composed more than 50 original songs. He has toured Russia in 1995, Australia in 1997 and again in 1999, and later also the United States and Canada. In November 2005 he visited the Florida Accordion Association Annual Smash and in March 2006 he visited the Texas Accordion Association Festival.

World championship
A world championship is generally an international competition open to elite competitors from around the world, representing their nations, and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport, game, or ability.
Marchita
Marchita (Spanish for "withered") is the debut solo studio album by Mexican singer-songwriter Silvana Estrada, following two collaborative albums with Charlie Hunter. The album was released January 21, 2022, as her debut release with Glassnote Records. The album was recorded in Mexico City over five days in 2019 with producer Gustavo Guerrero.

Charlie Hunter
Charlie Hunter (born May 23, 1967) is an American guitarist, composer, producer and bandleader. First coming to prominence in the early 1990s, Hunter plays custom-made seven- and eight-string guitars on which he simultaneously plays bass lines, chords, and melodies. Critic Sean Westergaard described Hunter's technique as "mind-boggling...he's an agile improviser with an ear for great tone, and always has excellent players alongside him in order to make great music, not to show off." Hunter's technique is rooted in the styles of jazz guitarists Joe Pass and Tuck Andress, two of his biggest influences, who blended bass notes with melody in a way that created the illusion of two guitars.
1943–44 Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup
The 1943–44 Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup was the 3rd edition of the Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup, an association football cup competition featuring teams from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

Teams from outside Dublin and Belfast competed, but played their home matches in either Dublin (if based in the Republic of Ireland) or Belfast (if based in Northern Ireland).

Glentoran won the title for the 1st time, defeating Belfast Celtic 5–4 on aggregate in the two-legged final.

Belfast Celtic F.C.
Belfast Celtic Football Club was an Irish football club. Founded in 1891 in Belfast, it was one of the most successful teams in Ireland until it withdrew permanently from the Irish League in 1949. The club left the league for political reasons, as the team and its supporters were largely Catholic and Irish nationalist. Belfast Celtic was one of four clubs that attracted the biggest crowds in the Irish League, the other three being Linfield, Distillery and Glentoran. Belfast Celtic played its last match in 1960.
Ikarigaseki, Aomori
Ikarigaseki (碇ヶ関村, Ikarigaseki-mura) was a village located in Minamitsugaru District in central Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

Ikarigaseki was founded on April 1, 1889.

On January 1, 2006, Ikarigaseki, along with the towns of Hiraka and Onoe (all from Minamitsugaru District), was merged to create the new city of Hirakawa, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

At the time of its merger, Ikarigaseki had an estimated population of 3,140 and a population density of 29.8 persons per km2. The total area was 105.33 km2.

Ikarigaseki was served by National Routes 7 and 282 as well as an interchange on the Tōhoku Expressway. Train service was provided by Tsugaru-Yunosawa Station and Ikarigaseki Station on the Ōu Main Line.

Tōhoku Expressway
The Tōhoku Expressway (東北自動車道, Tōhoku Jidōsha-dō) is a south-north national expressway, and the longest expressway in Japan at 679.5 kilometers (422.2 mi). Its southern terminus is in Kawaguchi, Saitama in the Greater Tokyo Area, at the Tokyo Gaikan Expressway and Kawaguchi Route near Araijuku Station, and its northern terminus is at Aomori Interchange in Aomori, Aomori in the northern part of the Tōhoku region, where it meets the Aomori Expressway and Aomori Belt Highway near the Sannai-Maruyama Site.

It is owned by Japan Expressway Holding and Debt Repayment Agency and operated by East Nippon Expressway Company. The expressway is signed E4 under the "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering", because it roughly parallels National Route 4.
Alex Edelman
Alex Edelman (born March 20, 1989) is an American stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He was named Best Newcomer at the 2014 Edinburgh Festival Fringe for his show Millennial. He has toured three shows since 2014: Millennial (2014–2015), Everything Handed to You (2015–2016), and Just for Us (2018–2020; 2023–2024). Just for Us opened Off-Broadway in 2022 before premiering on Broadway in 2023 at The Hudson Theatre; it was named a NYT Critic's Pick both times and earned him a 2024 special Tony Award and an Emmy Award. In 2024 he was named to the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people.

Modern Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism (also Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize Jewish values and the observance of Jewish law with the modern world.

Modern Orthodoxy draws on several teachings and philosophies, and thus assumes various forms. In the United States, and generally in the Western world, Centrist Orthodoxy underpinned by the philosophy of Torah Umadda ("Torah and secular knowledge") is prevalent. In Israel, Modern Orthodoxy is dominated by Religious Zionism; however, although not identical, these movements share many of the same values and many of the same adherents.
Fredrik Ericsson
Jan Fredrik Ericsson (14 March 1975 in Sundsvall, Sweden – 6 August 2010 at K2, Pakistan) was a Swedish mountaineer and extreme skier.
He grew up in Umeå in the northern part of Sweden, but spent most of his time in Chamonix, in the French Alps.

French Alps
The French Alps are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions. While some of the ranges of the French Alps are entirely in France, others, such as the Mont Blanc massif, are shared with Switzerland and Italy.

At 4,808 metres (15,774 ft), Mont Blanc, on the France–Italy border, is the highest mountain in the Alps, and the highest Western European mountain.

Notable towns in the French Alps include Grenoble, Chamonix, Annecy, Chambéry, Évian-les-Bains and Albertville.

The French Alps  will be the fourth location in France to host the Winter Olympics in 2030, following those held in Albertville in 1992, Grenoble in 1968, and the very first in Chamonix in 1924.
2025 Kerala local elections
Elections to local governments (Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations) in Kerala were held on 9 December 2025 and 11 December 2025 in 2 phases. Results were announced on 13 December 2025 through the Kerala State Election Commission's official results portal after conclusion of counting.

The State Election Commission, Kerala had completed preparatory processes, including finalising electoral rolls, delimitation of wards, and scheduling. According to the final voter's list published by the Kerala State Election Commission, the State had a total of 2,84,30,761 registered voters.

Municipal corporation (India)
A municipal corporation is a 
type of local government in India which administers an urban area having a population of one million or more. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.

The municipal corporation carries out its function through divisions or departments. For example, water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department.

The 74th Amendment Act defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Arkansas, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including the governor of Arkansas and a United States senator.

Arkansas's congressional districts
The U.S. state of Arkansas currently has four United States congressional districts. The state has had as many as seven districts; the 5th district existed from 1883 through 1963. The 6th existed from 1893 to 1963. The 7th existed from 1903 to 1953. No Democrat has won a House seat in the state since 2012.