hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Frank (musician)
David Martin Frank (born November 13, 1957) is an American music producer, composer, classically trained pianist, and founding member of the 1980s R&B group the System. Yamaha Music calls him "the founding father of electronic R&B."

Angela Bofill
Angela Tomasa Bofill (May 2, 1954 – June 13, 2024) was an American singer, songwriter and composer. A New York native, she began her professional career in the mid-1970s and is most known for singles such as "This Time I'll Be Sweeter", "Angel of the Night", and "I Try". Her career spanned over four decades.
Carinascincus ocellatus
The spotted skink (Carinascincus ocellatus), sometimes called the ocellated cool-skink or ocellated skink, is a skink endemic to Tasmania, Australia.  It is a ground-dwelling, viviparous species, usually found in rocky habitats, and widespread in the northern and eastern parts of the state, as well as in the eastern Bass Strait islands. It is often found at Arthurs Lake in the Central Highlands of Tasmania.

Spotted skink populations are distributed along an altitudinal gradient, with variations in thermal conditions along the gradient affecting body temperature regulation and reproductive activity.  Skinks in low to mid altitudes achieve their optimal body temperature year-round and predominantly undergo vitellogenesis and ovulation in spring and gestation in summer, while skinks occupying higher, subalpine altitudes struggle to maintain their preferred temperature in the autumn months, and typically undergo ovulation and parturition one month later than other members of the species.

Viviparity
In animals, viviparity is the development of the embryo inside the body of the mother, with the maternal circulation providing for the metabolic needs of the embryo's development, until the mother gives birth to a fully or partially developed juvenile that is at least metabolically independent. This is opposed to oviparity, where the embryos develop independently outside the mother in eggs until they are developed enough to break out as hatchlings; and ovoviviparity, where the embryos are developed in eggs that remain carried inside the mother's body until the hatchlings emerge from the mother as juveniles, similar to a live birth.
The Song of the Heart (song)
"The Song of the Heart" is a song written and performed by Prince for the 2006 film Happy Feet.

The song came about when Prince was approached to allow his song "Kiss" to appear in the film. Prince was initially hesitant to sign off on its use, but agreed to watch the film before he made a final decision. Executives from Warner Bros. screened Happy Feet for Prince at his Paisley Park recording complex, and he enjoyed the film so much that he agreed to the use of "Kiss" and offered to write a new song for the film. Warner Bros. executive Darren Higman said that Prince completed "The Song of the Heart" approximately one week after he was screened the film. It is the only song on the soundtrack specifically written for the film.

Paisley Park
Paisley Park is a 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m2) estate in Chanhassen, Minnesota, United States, once owned by American musician Prince. It was opened to the public as a museum in October 2016. Many of Prince’s later albums would be recorded at the estate.
Jerome Bruner
Jerome Seymour Bruner (October 1, 1915 – June 5, 2016) was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology. Bruner was a senior research fellow at the New York University School of Law. He received a BA in 1937 from Duke University and a PhD from Harvard University in 1941. He taught and conducted research at Harvard University, the University of Oxford, and New York University.  A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Bruner as the 28th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
Reid Travis
Reid Travis (born November 25, 1995) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Kaohsiung Aquas of the Taiwan Professional Basketball League (TPBL). He played college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats. He began his college career with the Stanford Cardinal, where he was a two-time first-team all-conference selection in the Pac-12.

B.League
The B.League is a men's professional basketball league in Japan. The league is operated by the Japan Professional Basketball League and was formed as a result of a merger between the National Basketball League that was operated by the FIBA-affiliated Japan Basketball Association and the independently operated bj league. The merger had been mandated by FIBA as a condition to Japan having its membership resumed following suspension in November 2014. The league began play in September 2016.
Henry Schmill
Otto Hinrich ("Henry") Schmill (1925, Germany – September 14, 2003, at Essen, Germany) was a German mining engineer who emigrated to England. He was the founder of the Amalgamated Construction Ltd (AMCO) and majority owner of the Tolent Construction Ltd.

Mining engineering
Mining engineering is the extraction of minerals from the ground. It is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining engineer may manage any phase of mining operations, from exploration and discovery of the mineral resources, through feasibility study, mine design, development of plans, production and operations to mine closure.
Seine-Saint-Denis's 10th constituency
The 10th constituency of Seine-Saint-Denis (French: Dixième circonscription de la Seine-Saint-Denis) is one of the 12 legislative constituencies in Seine-Saint-Denis département of France (93). Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system.

Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the Île-de-France region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny.

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes. In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.
Isaac Gascoyne
Isaac Gascoyne (21 August 1763 – 26 August 1841) was a British Army officer and Tory politician. He was born at Barking, Essex on 21 August 1763, the third son of Bamber Gascoyne (senior) and Mary Green and was educated at Felsted School.

Felsted School
Felsted School is a co-educational independent boarding and day school, situated in Felsted in Essex, England. It is in the British public school tradition, and was founded in 1564 by Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich. Felsted is one of the 12 founder members of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, and a full member of the Round Square Conference of world schools. 
Felsted School is featured in the Good Schools Guide and is regularly featured in Tatler's Schools Guide. Felsted School was shortlisted for 'Boarding School of the Year' 2020 by the Times Education Supplement (TES).

Felsted is notable for having educated a British head of state, Richard Cromwell, who was Lord Protector from 1658 to 1659. The current buildings date from the 1850s and were largely designed by Frederic Chancellor.
Caprarola
Caprarola is a town and comune in the province of Viterbo, in the Lazio region of central Italy.  The village is situated in a range of volcanic hills known as the Cimini Mounts.

The town is home to the large Renaissance mansion or villa which dominates the surrounding country-side, Villa Farnese (or Villa Caprarola). Not to be confused with the Palazzo Farnese in Rome, it was initially built as a fortress, as the town and the surrounding area was a feud of the House of Farnese, by the cardinal Alessandro Farnese senio in 1530, according to a project of the architect Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. After only four years the project came to a halt when the cardinal was elected pope in 1534 under the name Paul III.

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (12 April 1484 – 3 August 1546), also known as Antonio Cordiani, was an Italian architect active during the  Renaissance, mainly in Rome and the Papal States. He worked on the design of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City, and was also an engineer who restored several buildings. His success was greatly due to his contracts with renowned artists during his time. Sangallo died in Terni, Italy, and was buried in St. Peter’s Basilica.
Canton of Noyelles-sous-Lens
The canton of Noyelles-sous-Lens is a former canton situated in the department of the Pas-de-Calais and in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 3 communes, which joined the canton of Harnes in 2015. It had a total of 21,608 inhabitants (2012).

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Aucamp v Morton
Aucamp v Morton is an important case in South African contract law. It was heard in the Appellate Division by Watermeyer CJ, Centlivres JA, Schreiner JA, Van den Heever JA and Fagan AJA on 7 and 8 June 1949, with judgment on 21 June.

Ernest Frederick Watermeyer
Ernest Frederick Watermeyer (12 October 1880 – 18 January 1958) was the Chief Justice of South Africa from 1943 to 1950.

Watermeyer was born in Graaff-Reinet in 1880. He was educated at Stellenbosch Gymnasium, Bath College and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read Mathematics, then Law.

He was called to the bar in England by the Inner Temple in 1904, and admitted to the Cape bar in 1905. He became a King's Counsel in 1921. From 1922 to 1937, he was a judge of the Cape Provincial Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa. In 1937, he was promoted to the Supreme Court's Appellate Division.

In 1943, he was appointed Chief Justice of South Africa and was sworn of the Privy Council the same year, the last Chief Justice of South Africa to be made a Privy Counsellor. He served as Officer Administering the Government of the Union of South Africa in 1950, and retired the same year.
Charley Thomson
Charles M. Thomson (born 1960) is an American politician. Born in Charles City, Iowa, in 1960, he graduated from Charles City Community High School in 1978, earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Michigan in 1983, then obtained a Juris Doctor from the University of Iowa College of Law in 1987. Thomson practiced law, and lived in Charles City and Chicago. He was the lead developer of the McQuillen Place apartments in his hometown.

Thomson first ran for political office in 2020, losing to Craig Clark in the Republican Party primary for District 52 of the Iowa House of Representatives. He finished ahead of Jim Wright and Sean Galleger in the 2022 primary for House District 58, and defeated Democratic Party candidate Dene Lundberg in the general election. In the 2024 general election, Thomson defeated Gail Allison.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Betagel
Betagel (βゲル in Japanese) is a material invented in Japan that utilizes gel and silicone to absorb violent shocks.

Japanese researchers developed "Alphagel", which was principally used in the manufacture of sneakers and as a shock-absorber for tennis racquets.  Betagel, a more effective formulation, was so named according to the Greek Alphabet (alpha, beta, gamma etc.), in which letters also serve as numerals. It is also principally used in sneakers.

The gel is also used in scientific applications.

Silicone
A silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (−O−SiR2−O−SiR2−, where "R" stands for an organic group).  They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances.  Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include silicone oil, grease, rubber, resin, and caulk.  From the chemical perspective, silicones are unusual because they feature inorganic backbones, composed only of Si and O, but they have properties of organic polymers. They represent one of the main applications of organosilicon chemistry.

Silicone is often confused with one of its constituent elements, silicon.  Silicon, a hard gray solid, is  used to make integrated circuits ("electronic chips") and solar cells. In contrast, silicones, which tend to be electrical insulators, are often colorless oils or rubbery resin.
The Committee for Equal Justice
The Committee for Equal Justice (also known as the Committee for Equal Justice for the Rights of Mrs. Recy Taylor) was an organization founded with the goal of assisting black women reclaim their bodies against sexual violence and interracial rape. Recy Taylor and Rosa Parks founded the committee in 1944 after six white men kidnapped and raped Taylor, an African-American woman, as she left her Abbeville, Alabama church. Taylor's case garnered heavy media coverage. With this attention came national support, which led to what the Chicago Defender called the "strongest campaign for equal justice to be seen in a decade." Committee members formed eighteen chapters  across the United States, and included such figures as W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary Church Terrell, Oscar Hammerstein II, John Sengstacke and Langston Hughes, among others.

Statutory rape
Statutory rape is a term used primarily in some jurisdictions, including the United States, to describe nonforcible sexual activity in which one of the individuals is below the age of consent, the age required to legally consent to the activity. Although it usually refers to adults engaging in sexual contact with minors under the age of consent, it is a generic term, and very few jurisdictions use the actual term statutory rape in the language of statutes. In statutory rape, overt force or threat is usually not present. Statutory rape laws presume coercion because a minor or mentally disabled adult is legally incapable of giving consent to the act.
Boxing on ABC
Boxing on ABC refers to a series of boxing events that have been televised on the American Broadcasting Company. Many of these events aired under the Wide World of Sports banner which began on April 11, 1964 when challenger Muhammad Ali, then known as Cassius Clay, defeated champion Sonny Liston in the seventh round. ABC's final boxing card occurred on June 17, 2000.

Sonny Liston vs. Cassius Clay
Sonny Liston vs. Cassius Clay, billed as The Greatest Fight in History, was a professional boxing match contested on February 25, 1964, for the undisputed heavyweight championship. Clay was considered to have little chance of victory but defeated Liston on a technical knockout.
James Lowe (rugby union)
James Francis Rawiri Lowe (born 8 July 1992) is a New Zealand-born Irish professional rugby union player who plays as a wing for United Rugby Championship club Leinster. Born in New Zealand, he switched to Ireland after qualifying on residency grounds, and gained Irish citizenship, along with his wife, in 2025.

2013 ITM Cup
The 2013 ITM Cup season was the eighth season of New Zealand's provincial rugby union competition since it turned professional in 2006. The regular season began on 15 August, when Counties Manukau hosted Wellington. It involved the top fourteen rugby unions of New Zealand. For sponsorship reasons, the competition was known as the ITM Cup and it was the fourth season under the lead sponsor. The winner of the Championship, Tasman was promoted to the Premiership, the seventh placed Premiership team, Bay of Plenty was relegated to the Championship.
Tube Snake Boogie
"Tube Snake Boogie" is a song from American rock band ZZ Top's 1981 album El Loco. It was released as a single the same year and reached No. 4 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.

While the lyrics seem to imply sexual innuendo or double entendre, the liner notes for the band's 1992 Greatest Hits album added that "'tube snake' is [also] gnarly lingo for a surfboard, or 'boogie board.' Either way, it's good clean fun."

The song was produced by Bill Ham, and recorded and mixed by Terry Manning.

Record World said that "Frank Beard's jungle drums on the intro are ample warning that the energetic trio is ready to boogie" and noted the "virtuoso guitar work and gritty vocal."

Double entendre
A double entendre (plural double entendres) is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to have a double meaning, one of which is typically obvious, and the other often conveys a message that would be too socially unacceptable, or offensive to state directly.

A double entendre may exploit puns or word play to convey the second meaning. Double entendres generally rely on multiple meanings of words, or different interpretations of the same primary meaning. They often exploit ambiguity and may be used to introduce it deliberately in a text.  Sometimes a homophone can be used as a pun.  When three or more meanings have been constructed, this is known as a "triple entendre", etc.
North Philipsburg, Pennsylvania
North Philipsburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 660 at the 2010 census.

State College, Pennsylvania
State College is a borough and home rule municipality in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 40,501 at the 2020 census. It is a college town home to Penn State University Park, the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.

State College is the largest borough in Pennsylvania by population. It is the principal borough of the six municipalities that make up the State College area, the largest settlement in Centre County, and one of the principal cities of the greater State College–DuBois combined statistical area which had 238,734 residents in 2020.
Global recession
A global recession is a period of broad economic decline affecting many countries simultaneously. Since World War II, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has identified four such recessions, with the 2009 downturn being the most severe.

Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies. PPP is effectively the ratio of the price of a market basket at one location divided by the price of the basket of goods at a different location. The PPP inflation and exchange rate may differ from the market exchange rate because of tariffs and other transaction costs.

The purchasing power parity indicator can be used to compare economies regarding their gross domestic product (GDP), labour productivity and actual individual consumption, and in some cases to analyse price convergence and to compare the cost of living between places. The calculation of the PPP, according to the OECD, is made through a basket of goods that contains a "final product list [that] covers around 3,000 consumer goods and services, 30 occupations in government, 200 types of equipment goods and about 15 construction projects".
John W. Bower
John White Bower (December 7, 1808 – January 13, 1850) was a Texas settler, signatory to the Texas Declaration of Independence, member of the House of Representatives for the Republic of Texas, and Judge.

Texas Declaration of Independence
The Texas Declaration of Independence, adopted on March 2, 1836 at the Convention of 1836 in Washington-on-the-Brazos, formally declared Texas's independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution. It was signed by delegates the following day after corrections were made to the text.
Araschgen
Araschgen is a village near Chur in the Plessur district, Switzerland.  It is part of the municipality of Churwalden.

The village was first mentioned in the mid-14th century as Giraschga.  The mineral springs in the village were first mentioned in the 16th century and were rediscovered in 1863.  During the late 19th century, a mineral spa and water bottling plant were built between Araschgen and Passugg.  The Chur-Tschiertschen road was built through the village from 1887 to 1894.  In the late 20th century the village became a bedroom community of Chur.

In 2014 the village kindergarten closed due to budget concerns.  It was reopened with eight students for the 2016/17 school year to reduce crowding in Chur schools.

Mineral spa
Mineral spas are spa resorts developed around naturally occurring mineral springs. Like seaside resorts, they are mainly used recreationally although they also figured prominently in prescientific medicine.
Canso Canal Bridge
The Canso Canal Bridge is a rotating swing bridge in Nova Scotia, Canada. It crosses the Canso Canal at the eastern end of the Canso Causeway, connecting the Nova Scotia peninsula to Cape Breton Island. The bridge carries the 2 traffic lanes of Highway 104 (the Trans-Canada Highway) as well as a single track railway line operated by the Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway (CBNS).

The bridge is owned and maintained by the railway company, although maintenance costs are shared by the Government of Nova Scotia's Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal.

Nova Scotia Highway 104
Highway 104 in Nova Scotia, Canada, runs from Fort Lawrence at the New Brunswick border near Amherst to River Tillard near St. Peter's. Except for the portion on Cape Breton Island between Port Hawkesbury and St. Peter's, it forms the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway across the province.

Highway 104 mostly supplants the former route of Trunk 4. In 1970, all sections of Trunk 4 west of New Glasgow were renumbered, although the number was added back in the Mount Thom and Wentworth Valley areas in the 1990s when new alignments of Highway 104 opened to traffic.

The provincial government named the highway the Miners Memorial Highway on 8 September 2008 one month before the 50th anniversary of the Springhill mining disaster of 23 October 1958.