hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beaver Valley (Ontario)
The Beaver Valley is a valley in southern Ontario, Canada, at the southern tip of Georgian Bay. The Beaver River flows north through the valley, emptying into Georgian Bay in the town of Thornbury. It is a productive agricultural area, producing a significant portion of Canada's apple crop. It also contains one of Ontario's best-preserved hardwood swamp ecosystems. The Bruce Trail follows the perimeter of the valley passing several natural landmarks including Old Baldy, the Duncan Crevice Caves, and Eugenia Falls. The main towns in the valley are Flesherton at the south end, Kimberley, and Thornbury.

Bruce Trail
The Bruce Trail is a hiking trail in southern Ontario, Canada, from the Niagara River to the tip of Tobermory, Ontario. The main trail is more than 890 km (550 mi) long and there are over 400 km (250 mi) of associated side trails. The trail mostly follows the edge of the Niagara Escarpment, one of the nineteen UNESCO World Biosphere Reserves in Canada. The land the trail traverses is owned by the Government of Ontario, local municipalities, local conservation authorities, private landowners, and the Bruce Trail Conservancy (BTC). The Bruce Trail is the oldest and longest marked hiking trail in Canada. Its name is linked to the Bruce Peninsula and Bruce County, through which the trail runs. The trail is named after the county, which was named after James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin who was the Governor General of the Province of Canada from 1847 to 1854.
Raymanovo, Yermekeyevsky District
Raymanovo (Russian: Райманово; Bashkir: Райман, Rayman) is a rural locality (a village) in Sukkulovsky Selsoviet, Yermekeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 24 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Yermekeyevsky District
Yermekeyevsky District (Russian: Ермеке́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Йәрмәкәй районы, Yärmäkäy rayonı; Tatar: Ярмәкәй районы, Yarmäkäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky District in the north, Belebeyevsky District in the east, Bizhbulyaksky District in the southeast, and with Orenburg Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,437 square kilometers (555 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yermekeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,162, with the population of Yermekeyevo accounting for 22.9% of that number.
Tibetan invasion of Tuyuhun
The Tibetan invasion of Tuyuhun was a military campaign conducted by the Tibetan Empire in the 660s, leading to the destruction of the Tuyuhun Kingdom and Tibetan expansion into the Kokonor region. The invasion removed a vital buffer state between Tibet and the Tang Dynasty, and so resulted in direct conflict between the two Asian empires.

Liangzhou, Wuwei
Liangzhou District (simplified Chinese: 凉州区; traditional Chinese: 涼州區; pinyin: Liángzhōu Qū) is a district and the seat of the city of Wuwei, Gansu province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the east.
Pseudosaurillus
Pseudosaurillus is a genus of extinct lizard from the Early Cretaceous of southern England. The type and only species is Pseudosaurillus becklesi, named in 1967 by R. Hoffstetter limited jaw and tooth material from the Berriasian Lulworth Formation. A large amount of material that was additionally referred to Saurillus by Hoffstetter was reassigned to Pseudosaurillus in 1983 by Estes, but this has since been reclassified within its own genus Parasaurillus by Susan E. Evans and Belinda Searle in 2002. The taxon was found in the Mammal Bed near the base of the formation alongside the other lizards Becklesius, Dorsetisaurus, Durotrigia, Paramacellodus, Parasaurillus, Parviraptor and Saurillus. Like Becklesius, Pseudosaurillus may be a member of the family Paramacellodidae.

Dorsetisaurus
Dorsetisaurus is a genus of extinct lizard, known from the Late Jurassic of North America, and the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of Europe. The genus was first reported from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Lulworth Formation of the Purbeck Group of Durlston Bay, in Dorset. It has also been reported from the Late Jurassic aged Alcobaça Formation of Portugal, the Aptian-Albian Dzunbain Formation of Mongolia, and the Morrison Formation of Western North America present in stratigraphic zones 2, 4, and 5. It is considered the oldest widely accepted member of Anguimorpha. based on the presence of 11 shared synapomorphies.
Funivie di Savona
The Funivie di Savona (Savona cableways) is a coal cable transport from Savona to a storage facility in Bragno, Cairo Montenotte, Italy.  The original line was completed in 1912 from the Port of Savona and it was 18km long.  At the time of completion it was the longest air transport line in the world.  The line was doubled in 1936.  Today the line is 17km as the section from the port to the San Rocco section of Savona has been buried.

Savona
Savona (Italian: [saˈvoːna] ⓘ; Ligurian: Saña [ˈsaŋːa]) is a seaport and comune (municipality) in the west part of the northern Italian region of Liguria, and the capital of the Province of Savona. Facing the Ligurian Sea, Savona is the main city of the western section of the Italian Riviera. It has a population of 58,690.

One of the most celebrated former inhabitants of Savona was the navigator Christopher Columbus, who farmed land in the area while chronicling his journeys. 'Columbus's house', a cottage situated in the Savona hills, lay between vegetable crops and fruit trees. It is one of several residences in Liguria associated with Columbus.
Ough (surname)
Ough is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Ough (1957–2014), Australian rules footballer

Bruce R. Ough (born 1951), bishop of the United Methodist Church

Norman A. Ough (1898–1965), British marine model maker

Onyinye Ough, Nigerian author, speaker, and political activist

Wayne Ough (born 1978), Australian former professional baseball player

English name
English names are personal names used in, or originating in, England.
In England, as elsewhere in the English-speaking world, a complete name usually consists of one or more given names, commonly referred to as first names, and a (most commonly patrilineal, rarely matrilineal) family name or surname, also referred to as a last name. The given names after the first are often referred to as middle names.
Lost Continent (1951 film)
Lost Continent is a 1951 American black-and-white science-fiction film drama produced by Jack Leewood, Robert L. Lippert and Sigmund Neufeld, directed by Sam Newfield (Neufeld's brother) and starring Cesar Romero, Hillary Brooke, Whit Bissell, Sid Melton, Hugh Beaumont and John Hoyt.

Sigmund Neufeld
Sigmund Neufeld (May 3, 1896 – March 21, 1979) was an American B movie producer. He spent many years at Poverty Row studio Producers Releasing Corporation where he mainly produced films directed by his brother Sam Newfield. When PRC was taken over by Eagle-Lion Films in 1947 they both left the company. Eagle-Lion had goals of making bigger, more ambitious movies, a change in strategy that Sigmund deemed to be a financial mistake. During the following years he and his brother made several films for Film Classics. When this company also merged with Eagle-Lion in 1950 they both moved to Lippert Pictures.

His son, Sigmund Neufeld Jr. was a director, mainly of TV Series and TV Movies.
Arlington Hotel Open
The Arlington Hotel Open was a PGA Tour event that was played from 1955 to 1963 at the Arlington golf course of the Hot Springs Country Club near the Arlington Hotel, now known as the Arlington Resort Hotel and Spa, a 484-room resort in the Ouachita Mountains of Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas. The event was also known as the Hot Springs Open or Hot Springs Open Invitational.  The Majestic Golf Course was constructed by Willie Park, Jnr. in 1898. The Arlington Golf Course was designed and built by William Diddle in 1927. Jimmy Demaret won the last of his 31 PGA Tour wins at this event in 1957.

Ouachita Mountains
The Ouachita Mountains (/ˈwɒʃɪtɔː/), simply referred to as the Ouachitas, are a mountain range in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. They are formed by a thick succession of highly deformed Paleozoic strata constituting the Ouachita Fold and Thrust Belt, one of the important orogenic belts of North America. The Ouachitas continue in the subsurface to the northeast, where they make a poorly understood connection with the Appalachians and to the southwest, where they join with the Marathon uplift area of West Texas. Together with the Ozark Plateaus, the Ouachitas form the U.S. Interior Highlands. The highest natural point is Mount Magazine at 2,753 feet (839 m).

The Ouachita Mountains is a Level III ecoregion designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The region has been subdivided into six Level IV ecoregions.
Fan Jiachen
Fan Jiachen (Chinese: 范佳晨, born 21 February 1988) is a Chinese competitor in synchronized swimming.

She won 2 silver medals at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships. She was also a reserve for the gold-winning Chinese team at the 2010 Asian Games.

2011 World Aquatics Championships
The 14th FINA World Championships (Chinese: 2011年世界游泳锦标赛) were held on 16–31 July 2011 in Shanghai, China at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center. The 2011 World Championships featured five aquatics disciplines: swimming, water polo, diving, open water, and synchronized swimming.  At this championships, synchronized swimmer Natalia Ishchenko, of Russia, was the most decorated competitor winning all six gold medals of her events, at solo, duet and team routines. These championships served as qualifying stages for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

FINA announced Shanghai as the host on 24 March 2007, over other finalist Doha, Qatar.
East coast barb
The east coast barb (Enteromius toppini) is a species of cyprinid fish.

It is found in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Battle of Mogadishu (2008)
The 2008 Battle of Mogadishu began when soldiers from Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) entered parts of the capital held by the insurgency on 19 April, sparking heavy street fighting in the northern part of the city.

The battle spread out over several districts of Mogadishu, predominantly Daynile, Yaaqshiid and Huriwa resulting in the most fierce fighting between the Ethiopians and the insurgency since the start of 2008. During the fighting for Huriwa the ENDF carried out the Al-Hidaya Mosque massacre.

Yaqshid, Mogadishu
Yaqshid Neighbourhood (Somali: Yaaqshiid) is a neighbourhood in the southeastern Banaadir region of Somalia.

It's one of the largest neighbourhoods within Mogadishu city, it consists of Villages Suuq Bacaad, Juungal, Carafaad, Towfiiq village, Siinaay, Fagax, Mahad Alla, Suuqa Xoolaha, Gubta, Tawakal and Jaamacadaha Muqdisho.
McCurry, Missouri
McCurry is an extinct hamlet in Gentry County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located on Missouri Route H, one half mile south of the Grand River. Darlington lies approximately two miles to the east-southeast and Carmack on U.S. Route 136 is two miles to the north.

Grand River (Missouri)
The Grand River is a river that stretches from northernmost tributary origins between Creston and Winterset in Iowa approximately 226 miles (364 km) to its mouth on the Missouri River near Brunswick, Missouri.

Its watershed of 7,900 square miles (20,000 km2), with three-quarters in Missouri, makes it the largest watershed serving the Missouri River in northern Missouri.
Rufford Abbey
Rufford Abbey is a country estate in Rufford, Nottinghamshire, England, two miles (4 km) south of Ollerton. Originally a Cistercian abbey, it was converted to a country house in the 16th century after Henry VIII’s dissolution of the monasteries. Part of the house was demolished in the 20th century, but the remains, standing in 150 acres of park and woodland, are open to the public as Rufford Country Park. Part of the park is a local nature reserve.
The remains of the house is owned by English Heritage and the country park is owned by Nottinghamshire County Council and managed by Parkwood Leisure.

The house itself is constructed of rubble, brick, dressed stone and ashlar with ashlar dressings and plain tile roofs.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
American International School of Bucharest
The American International School of Bucharest (AISB) is a multicultural and international school located in the town of Voluntari, 5 km outside central Bucharest, Romania, set on a 10 hectare campus. English is the primary instructional language. The school was founded in 1962 by the United States Embassy. It is one of the only schools in Romania authorized to offer students the International Baccalaureate (IB) program. This includes the IB Primary Years, Middle Years and Diploma programmes.

The school currently serves a population of 955 students from 66 countries globally.

IB Primary Years Programme
The International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme (PYP) is an educational programme managed by the International Baccalaureate (IB) for students aged 3 to 12. While the programme prepares students for the IB Middle Years Programme, it is not a prerequisite for it. The subject areas of the PYP are language, social studies, mathematics, science, technology, arts; personal, social and physical education. Students are required to learn a second language during the programme. Assessment is carried out by teachers according to strategies provided by the IB and concerning guidelines to what the students should learn specified in the curriculum model.
Horst Astroth
Horst Astroth (30 October 1923 – 10 January 2017) was a German track and field athlete who competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics, where he finished 16th out of 39 participants in the men's 50 kilometres walk. At the Games he represented SV Halle. Born in Naumburg, Astroth began his sporting career as a gymnast and was injured in combat during World War II. Following the conflict he worked as a teacher and took up running in 1953 at the age of 30. Over the course of his career he set seven senior East German records and was national runner-up in the 50 km in 1956, 1958, and 1959. He was also eighth in that event at the 1962 European Athletics Championships. After retiring from international competition, he continued to compete and set records at master's-level events, while also working as a trainer with Naumburg BSG and a freelancer writer for the local Liberal Democratic newspaper. He died in January 2017 at the age of 93.

Naumburg
Naumburg (German: [ˈnaʊmbʊɐ̯k] ⓘ) is a town in (and the administrative capital of) the district Burgenlandkreis, in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Central Germany. It has a population of around 33,000. The Naumburg Cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. This UNESCO designation recognizes the processes that shaped the European continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization, the so-called "Landesausbau"  and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period.
1921 Chicago Staleys season
The 1921 Chicago Staleys season was their second regular season completed in the young American Professional Football Association (APFA), later known as the National Football League. All games were played at home, with the team opening the year in Decatur, Illinois before moving to Chicago in time for its second league game.

The team improved on their 10–1–2 record from 1920 to a 9–1–1 record under head coach/player George Halas earning them a first-place finish in the team standings and their first league championship — the best finish of the initial Halas era.

At the end of the season, team Secretary Morgan O'Brien was appointed as the vice-president of the APFA.

Edward Sternaman
Edward Carl "Dutch" Sternaman (February 9, 1895 – February 1, 1973) was an American player and owner in professional football for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). A star halfback for the University of Illinois, Sternaman was one of the key offensive players for the Bears during their formative years.

A half-owner of the Bears club together with his former Illini teammate George S. Halas, Sternaman fell into financial difficulty because of the Great Depression and sold his stake in the team to Halas for $38,000 in the summer of 1931.
Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting
Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) is a progressive media critique organization based in New York City. The organization was founded in 1986 by Jeff Cohen and Martin A. Lee. FAIR monitors American news media for bias, inaccuracies and censorship, and advocates for more diversity of perspectives in the news media. FAIR describes itself as "the national media watch group".

FAIR publishes Extra!, a magazine of media criticism, and also produces the radio program CounterSpin, which features interviews with journalists, scholars, and activists on current media-related news stories.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
ISEPIC
The ISEPIC (pronounced like "ice-pick") from Starpoint Software in USA is an extension cartridge introduced in June 1985 for the Commodore 64. It offers the capability to memory dump software regardless of the implementation scheme or storage medium. The resulting snapshot can be tested before saving.

Snapshots require ISEPIC to run, but can be modified to create standalone versions that do not need the cartridge. A major factor is the 2 KB RAM that can be reprogrammed, and thus allows the user to change its functionality. The 2 KB RAM is memory banked into a 256-byte page at 0xDF00 – 0xDFFF.

ROM cartridge
A ROM cartridge, usually referred to in context simply as a cartridge, cart, cassette, or card, is a replaceable part designed to be connected to a consumer electronics device such as a home computer, video game console or, to a lesser extent, electronic musical instruments.

ROM cartridges allow users to rapidly load and access programs and data alongside a floppy drive in a home computer; in a video game console, the cartridges are standalone. At the time around their release, ROM cartridges provided security against unauthorised copying of software. However, the manufacturing of ROM cartridges was more expensive than floppy disks, and the storage capacity was smaller. ROM cartridges and slots were also used for various hardware accessories and enhancements.

The widespread usage of the ROM cartridge in video gaming applications has led it to be often colloquially called a game cartridge.
Penal
Penal is a town in south Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago. It lies south of San Fernando, Princes Town, and Debe, and north of Moruga, Morne Diablo and Siparia. Penal is noted as a heartland of Hindu and Indo-Trinidadian culture.

Morne Diablo Limestone
The Morne Diablo Limestone is a geologic formation in Morne Diablo (pronounced, in the local English dialect, "Mun Jablo"), Trinidad and Tobago. It preserves fossils dating back to the Oligocene period. The formation is laterally equivalent to the Cipero Marl and San Fernando Formation.
Southern Frontier Airlines
Southern Frontier Airlines was a commuter airline based in Canada which was acquired by Time Air on April 25, 1988.

In 1985, Southern Frontier was operating Beechcraft 99 turboprop aircraft from its base in Calgary to Lloydminster, Saskatchewan.  The airline also operated service between Edmonton, Alberta and both Cold Lake, AB and Lloydminster and was formerly known as Southern Frontier Air Transport.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
The Iremonger Award
The Iremonger Award for Writing on Public Issues is an annual Australian literary prize that was awarded from 2003 to 2009 by Australian publisher Allen & Unwin to commemorate publisher and author John Iremonger and "foster the sort of ideas that he was so good at cultivating". The award is made "for works of political, social and cultural commentary with contemporary Australian relevance" and offers a prize of $10,000 as well as guaranteed publication, royalties and editorial support.

The judges for the first award, made in 2004, included Anne Manne and David Marr. The award has three judges, one from Allen & Unwin and two independent judges who "know what’s happening at the moment and have a unique perspective".

In 2009, Allen & Unwin announced that no manuscript of sufficient merit had been submitted for the award, which would therefore be suspended for the foreseeable future. Should the award be revived, details will be announced on the Allen & Unwin website.

David Marr (journalist)
David Ewan Marr FAHA (born 13 July 1947) is an Australian journalist, author, and political and social commentator. He writes about the law, Australian politics, censorship, the media, and the arts. He has written for The Monthly and Guardian Australia. Marr hosts Late Night Live on ABC's Radio National.