hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crook City, South Dakota
Crook City (also known as Camp Crook II or simply Crook) is a populated place in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 132 at the 2020 census. It became a census-designated place prior to the 2020 census.

Crook City was named for General George Crook's 1876 camp there. Nearby and between Deadwood and Sturgis is Crook Mountain, also named for him.

Sturgis, South Dakota
Sturgis is a city in Meade County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 7,020 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Meade County and is named after Samuel D. Sturgis, a Union general during the Civil War.

Sturgis is notable as the location of one of the largest annual motorcycle events in the world: the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, which lasts for 10 days beginning on the first Friday of August. It attracts large numbers of motorcycle enthusiasts from around the world. Sturgis is also noted for hosting WCW's Hog Wild/Road Wild events from 1996 to 1999.
Medieval runes
The medieval runes, or the futhork, was a Scandinavian runic alphabet that evolved from the Younger Futhark after the introduction of stung (or dotted) runes at the end of the Viking Age. These stung runes were regular runes with the addition of either a dot diacritic or bar diacritic to indicate that the rune stood for one of its secondary sounds (so an i rune could become an e rune or a j rune when stung). The medieval futhork was fully formed in the early 13th century. Due to the expansion of its character inventory, it was essentially possible to have each character in an inscription correspond to only one phoneme, something which was virtually impossible in Younger Futhark with its small inventory of 16 runes.

Medieval runes were in use throughout Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, and provided the basis for runology beginning in the 16th century.

Mannaz
Mannaz is the conventional name of the /m/ rune ᛗ of the Elder Futhark. It is derived from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic (or Common Germanic) word for 'man', *mannaz.

The Younger Futhark equivalent ᛘ is maðr ('man'). It took up the shape of the algiz rune ᛉ, replacing Elder Futhark ᛗ.

As its sound value and form in the Elder Futhark indicate, it is derived from the letter for /m/, 𐌌, in the Old Italic alphabets, ultimately from the Greek letter mu (uppercase Μ, lowercase μ).
Harold Alexander (American football)
Harold Donald Alexander (born October 20, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). Alexander was selected with the 67th overall pick in the third round by the Atlanta Falcons out of Appalachian State University in the 1993 NFL draft. At the time of his selection, he was the second-highest drafted player out of Appalachian State.

1993 NFL draft
The 1993 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 25–26, 1993, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year, but the New York Giants and Kansas City Chiefs forfeited their first and second round picks, respectively, due to selecting quarterback Dave Brown and defensive end Darren Mickell in the 1992 supplemental draft.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the New England Patriots selected quarterback Drew Bledsoe.
John Stanley (Hastings MP)
John Stanley (1740 – 1 April 1799) was a British politician and colonial lawyer.

He was born the eldest son of Michael Stanley of St. John's on the Caribbean island of Nevis and sent to London to be trained in the law at the Inns of Court in 1758, where he was called to the bar in 1761. He was made bencher in 1797. He returned to the West Indies to practise law and was appointed Solicitor-General of the Leeward Islands for 1771-81 and Attorney General of the Leeward Islands for 1781–99. He was President of the council for 1793–95.

He was elected Member of Parliament for Hastings from 1784 until 1796.

He died in 1799. He had married Susanna, the daughter of Lewis Feuilleteau and the widow of Henry Brouncker of St. Kitts. He had one son who predeceased him.

Inns of Court
The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales. There are four Inns of Court: Gray's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, Inner Temple, and Middle Temple.

All barristers must belong to one of them. They have supervisory and disciplinary functions over their members, and provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodation. Each also has a church or chapel attached to it, and is a self-contained precinct where barristers traditionally train and practise. However, growth in the legal profession, together with a desire to practise from more modern and lower-rent accommodation, caused many barristers' chambers to move outside the precincts of the Inns of Court in the late 20th century.
Guillermo Marín Ruiz
Guillermo Marín Ruiz (30 April 1952) is an independent writer, cultural promoter, and researcher of multiple works, mainly related to Toltecayotl which refers to the cultural and philosophical roots of Indigenous civilization and history in what is now known as Mexico.

Toltecayotl
Toltecayotl is a Nahuatl word derived from "tōltēcatl" which as used by the Nahuas to refer to the members of the Toltec civilization that preceded them in the basin of Mexico, as well as a generalized meaning of "artisan".
Elwaine Pomeroy
Elwaine Franklin Pomeroy (June 4, 1933–June 29, 2011) was an American politician and lawyer who served for 16 years in the Kansas State Senate.

Pomeroy was born in Topeka, Kansas, where he sold war bonds as a Boy Scout during World War II. He attended Washburn University for both undergraduate study and law school, and worked as a lawyer. In 1968, he was elected to the Kansas Senate, where he served for four terms, including spending eight years as chair of the Judiciary Committee. In 1984, he resigned from the Senate to serve on the Kansas Parole Board, where he served until 1990, after which he resumed private practice and worked as a lobbyist.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
St Andrew's Church, Banwell
The mainly 15th-century parish Church of St Andrew in Banwell, Somerset, England, is a Grade I listed building.

The body of the church has a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles and a rather short chancel, considering the proportions of the rest of the church. The font dates from the 12th century and there is a carved stone pulpit from the 15th century and a carved rood screen built and set up in 1552, which escaped the Reformation.

The 100 ft (30 m) high tower, which dates from around 1417, contains ten bells dates from the 18th to 20th century and the clock is dated 1884. Bells dating from 1734 and 1742 were made by Thomas Bilbie, of the Bilbie family. On the western face of the tower is a representation of the Annunciation. In the Virgin Mary's niche there is a lily pot as a symbol of purity, and a lily leaf motif is also to be found in the font and pulpit.

The churchyard contains the war grave of a Hampshire Regiment soldier of World War I.

Bilbie family
The Bilbie family were bell founders and clockmakers based initially in Chew Stoke, Somerset and later at Cullompton, Devon in south-west England from the late 17th century to the early 19th century.

Their importance to the local economy and in local history is commemorated by Bilbie Road in Chew Stoke and in the village sign.
Ryan O'Meara (politician)
Ryan O'Meara (born 1994/1995) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary North constituency since the 2024 general election.

O'Meara was elected to Tipperary County Council at the 2024 local elections. He previously worked as a parliamentary assistant to Fianna Fáil TD Jackie Cahill, who did not contest the 2024 general election.

Tipperary County Council
Tipperary County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Thiobraid Árann) is the local authority of County Tipperary, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Joe MacGrath. The administrative centres are Nenagh and Clonmel.
Kelly Greenhill
Kelly M. Greenhill (born 1970) is an American political scientist. She is an associate professor at Tufts University and a research fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. She specializes in weapons of mass migration, forced displacement, and foreign policy.

Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
The Robert and Renée Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, also known as the Belfer Center, is a research center located at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States.

From 2017 until his death in October 2022, the center was led by director Ash Carter, former U.S. Secretary of Defense and co-director Eric Rosenbach, a former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense. Its current executive director is Natalie Colbert. The current director is Meghan O'Sullivan.
The Black God's Drums
The Black God's Drums is a 2018 fantasy novella by P. Djèlí Clark. It is set in an alternate history New Orleans in which the Confederate States of America won the American Civil War and New Orleans is an independent territory. The novella received critical acclaim, being nominated for the 2018 Nebula Award for Best Novella, 2019 Hugo Award for Best Novella, 2019 Locus Award for Best Novella, and 2019 World Fantasy Award for Best Novella. It was awarded a 2019 Alex Award.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Astyanax tarpon
Astyanax tarpon is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acestrorhamphidae, the American characins. This fish is endemic to Colombia, where it is found in the upper Rio Cauca. It is sometimes allocated to the monospecific genus Genycharax.

Cauca River
The Cauca River (Spanish: Río Cauca) is a river in Colombia that lies between the Occidental and Central cordilleras. From its headwaters in southwestern Colombia near the city of Popayán, it joins the Magdalena River near Magangué in Bolívar Department, and the combined river eventually flows out into the Caribbean Sea. It has a length of 965 km (600 mi) to its junction with the Magdalena, for a total length of 1,350 km (840 mi). The river is under the supervision of the Cauca Regional Corporation and the Cauca Valley Regional Autonomous Corporation, and is navigable for 640 km (400 mi) above its junction with the Magdalena.

Cauca River
Janapada
The Janapadas (lit. 'Foothold of the people') (pronounced [janapada]) (c. 1100–600 BCE) were the realms, aristocratic republics (Gaṇasaṅgha) and kingdoms (sāmarājya) of the Vedic period in the Indian subcontinent. The Vedic period reaches from the late Bronze Age into the Iron Age: from about 1500 BCE to the 6th century BCE. With the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas ("great janapadas"), most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent.

Janapadas were the kingdoms and republics of Vedic India from the late Bronze Age to the Iron Age (c. 1200 BCE to 6th century BCE). Emerging from settled agricultural communities, they were originally named after the dominant "Jana" (people/tribe). With the spread of iron tools, these smaller kingdoms grew in size and power, eventually evolving into the larger Mahajanapadas.

Bronze Age India
The Bronze Age in the Indian subcontinent begins around 3000 BCE, and in the end gives rise to the Indus Valley Civilisation, which had its (mature) period between 2600 BCE and 1900 BCE. It continues into the Rigvedic period, the early part of the Vedic period. It is succeeded by the  Iron Age in India, beginning in around 1000 BCE.

South India, by contrast, remains in the Mesolithic stage until about 2500 BCE.

In the 2nd millennium BCE, there may have been cultural contact between North and South India, even though South India skips a Bronze Age proper and enters the Iron Age from the Chalcolithic stage directly.

In February 2006, a school teacher in the village of Sembian-Kandiyur in Tamil Nadu discovered a stone celt with an inscription estimated to be up to 3,500 years old. Indian epigraphist Iravatham Mahadevan postulated that the writing was in Indus script and called the find "the greatest archaeological discovery of a century in Tamil Nadu".
Michelle Chandler
Michelle Louise Chandler (born 16 July 1974) is a retired basketball player from Australia, who played for the Melbourne Tigers. She was a member of the national women's team that won the bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. She attended the Australian Institute of Sport in 1992. Her married name is Michelle Cleary.

Australia women's national basketball team
The Australia women's national basketball team, nicknamed the Opals after the brightly coloured gemstone common to the country, represents Australia in international basketball. From 1994 onwards, the Opals have been consistently competitive and successful having won nine medals at official FIBA international tournaments (Olympics and World Cups), highlighted by a gold medal winning performance at the 2006 World Championship in Brazil. At the now-defunct regional Oceania Championship for Women, the Opals won 15 titles. In 2017, FIBA combined its Oceanian and Asian zones for official senior competitions; following this change, the Opals compete in the FIBA Women's Asia Cup.
Ventral reticular nucleus
The ventral reticular nucleus is a continuation of the parvocellular nucleus in the brainstem.

The ventral reticular nucleus has been shown to receive afferent projections from the dentate gyrus in rabbits.

The rostral portion of the ventral reticular nucleus has been shown to mediate inspiration along with a portion of the lateral reticular nucleus.

Dentate gyrus
The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation. The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum.

The dentate gyrus is part of the trisynaptic circuit, a neural circuit of the hippocampus, thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments and other functions. The dentate gyrus has toothlike projections from which it is named.

The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of only two major sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain, and is found in many mammals. The other main site is the subventricular zone in the ventricular system. Other sites  may include  the striatum and the cerebellum. However, whether significant neurogenesis takes place in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate.
Juan Ahumada Trigo
Juan Ahumada Trigo (14 November 1910 – 22 September 1995) was a Chilean politician and member of the Communist Party of Chile.

He served as Deputy of the Republic for the 4th Departmental Grouping – La Serena, Coquimbo, Elqui, Ovalle, Combarbalá, and Illapel – during the legislative period 1957–1961.

Elqui River
The Elqui River starts in the west Andes and flows into the Pacific Ocean near the Chilean city of La Serena. It flows through a wine and pisco producing area. Vicuña, the main town of the middle valley, was the home of Nobel Laureate poet Gabriela Mistral.

The invasive plant species Limnobium laevigatum is present in the river which is its northernmost locale in Chile.
Founders Field
Founders Field is a 1,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Cheswick, Pennsylvania, within the Greater Pittsburgh area. The stadium is owned and operated by the Pittsburgh Harlequins Rugby Football Association

Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.
The Side Show (nightclub)
The Side Show (formerly known as The Fez) is a Moroccan-themed nightclub located on Mechau Street, Cape Town, South Africa.

The nightclub consists of four bars, a Bedouin-covered smoking deck, a VIP balcony, a VIP section, and carousel-styled booths that run along the main dance floor.

The Side Show hosted  Nervo – the DJ twins, Tomorrowland DJs (Dimitri Vegas and Like Mike, German Superstar Trance Producer Neelix) "The official Playboy Launch", "The Sports Illustrated Official After Parties", the prestigious Global Party brand, and several internationals such as Orca, Hed Kandi and Soul Candi Brands.

Arab cuisine
Arab cuisine collectively refers to the regional culinary traditions of the Arab world, consisting of the Maghreb (the west) and the Mashriq (the east). These cuisines are centuries-old and reflect the culture of trading in ingredients, spices, herbs, and commodities among the Arabs. The regions have many similarities, but also unique traditions. They have also been influenced by climate, cultivation, and mutual commerce.
Alpha–beta pruning
Alpha–beta pruning is a search algorithm that seeks to decrease the number of nodes that are evaluated by the minimax algorithm in its search tree. It is an adversarial search algorithm used commonly for machine playing of two-player combinatorial games (Tic-tac-toe, Chess, Connect 4, etc.). It stops evaluating a move when at least one possibility has been found that proves the move to be worse than a previously examined move. Such moves need not be evaluated further. When applied to a standard minimax tree, it returns the same move as minimax would, but prunes away branches that cannot possibly influence the final decision.

Tic-tac-toe
Tic-tac-toe (American English), noughts and crosses (Commonwealth English), or Xs and Os (Canadian or Irish English) is a paper-and-pencil game for two players who take turns marking the spaces in a three-by-three grid, one with Xs and the other with Os. A player wins when they mark all three spaces of a row, column, or diagonal of the grid, whereupon they traditionally draw a line through those three marks to indicate the win. It is a solved game, with a forced draw assuming best play from both players.
Hilton Niagara Falls Tower 2
Hilton Niagara Falls/Fallsview Hotel and Suites' North Tower is a skyscraper-style hotel in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. It was originally slated to rise 58 floors to a height of 177 metres (581 ft), but the building was subsequently reduced to 53 floors as verified by the hotel operator themselves and the new height has never been publicly released. It has, however, clearly surpassed the Embassy Suites as tallest building in Niagara Falls and still has more than 500 rooms. It is also the tallest hotel in Canada.

The CTBUH lists the building as being 581 feet tall and still having 58 floors. Frommer's has stated the floor count at 59. Skyscraperpage lists the building as being 162 m (531 ft) tall with 53 floors. A visual floor count of the building yields only a total of 49 or 50 stories. The actual height is easily verified using Google Earth's measurement tools, and is 162 m (531 ft).

SkyscraperPage
SkyscraperPage is a website for skyscraper hobbyists and enthusiasts that tracks existing and proposed skyscrapers around the world. The site is owned by Skyscraper Source Media, a supplier of skyscraper diagrams for the publication, marketing, and display industries, and is a publisher of illustrated skyscraper diagram poster products. They are based in Victoria, British Columbia.

The site has over 80,000 drawings of skyscrapers, other major macro-engineering projects, and tall structures around the world.  The scale of the drawings are one pixel per meter. The images are created using pixel art. Using these diagrams, skyscrapers and other tall structures can be compared. General information is also given about each structure if available, such as the location, the year built, the height and the number of floors.

The site also hosts a discussion forum for skyscraper enthusiasts.
Mathematical joke
A mathematical joke is a form of humor that relies on aspects of mathematics or a stereotype of mathematicians. The humor may come from a pun, or from a double meaning of a mathematical term, or from a layperson's misunderstanding of a mathematical concept. Mathematician and author John Allen Paulos, in his book Mathematics and Humor, described several ways that mathematics, generally considered a dry, formal activity, overlaps with humor, a loose, irreverent activity: both are forms of "intellectual play"; both have "logic, pattern, rules, structure"; and both are "economical and explicit".

Some performers combine mathematics and jokes to entertain and/or teach math.

Humor of mathematicians may be classified into the esoteric and exoteric categories. Esoteric jokes rely on the intrinsic knowledge of mathematics and its terminology. Exoteric jokes are intelligible to outsiders, and most of them compare mathematicians with representatives of other disciplines or with ordinary folk.

John Allen Paulos
John Allen Paulos (born July 4, 1945) is an American professor of mathematics at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has gained fame as a writer and speaker on mathematics and the importance of mathematical literacy. Paulos writes about many subjects, especially of the dangers of mathematical innumeracy; that is, the layperson's misconceptions about numbers, probability, and logic.: 133, 213