hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spanish fess
In heraldry and vexillology, a Spanish fess is a term occasionally used to describe the central horizontal stripe of a tricolour or triband flag that is twice the width of the stripes on either side of it.

The name is based on the most well-known example of this style of flag, the flag of Spain, and in analogy to the equivalent term for vertically striped flags, the Canadian pale.

Vexillology
Vexillology (/ˌvɛksɪˈlɒlədʒi/ VEK-sih-LOL-ə-jee) is the study of the history, symbolism and usage of flags or, by extension, any interest in flags in general.

A person who studies flags is called a vexillologist, a person who designs flags is a vexillographer, and the art of designing flags is called vexillography. A hobbyist or general admirer of flags is called a vexillophile.
Patria y Vida
"Patria y Vida" ("Homeland and Life") is a slogan and song associated with the July 2021 Cuban protests. It is an inversion of the Cuban Revolution motto Patria o Muerte ("Homeland or Death"). The slogan was popularized by a reggaeton song released in February 2021 by Yotuel, Beatriz Luengo, Descemer Bueno, Gente de Zona, Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara, Maykel Osorbo and El Funky. It became associated with the Cuban opposition since then.

Reggaeton
Reggaeton (UK: /ˈrɛɡeɪtoʊn, ˌrɛɡeɪˈtɒn/, US: /ˌrɛɡeɪˈtoʊn, ˌreɪɡ-/) is a style of popular and electronic music that originated in Panama during the late 1980s. It has been popularized and dominated by artists from Puerto Rico since the early 1990s.

It has evolved from dancehall, with elements of hip hop, Latin American, and Caribbean music. Vocals include toasting/rapping and singing, typically in Spanish. Reggaeton is regarded as one of the most popular music genres in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean. By the 2010s, the genre had seen increased popularity across Latin America, as well as acceptance within mainstream Western music.
Edouard Van Beneden
Édouard Joseph Louis Marie Van Beneden (5 March 1846 in Leuven – 28 April 1910 in Liège) was a Belgian embryologist, cytologist and marine biologist. He was professor of zoology at the University of Liège. He contributed to cytogenetics by his works on the roundworm Ascaris. In this work he discovered how chromosomes organized meiosis (the production of gametes).

He is son of Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden, a zoologist and paleontologist.

Van Beneden elucidated, together with Walther Flemming and Eduard Strasburger, the essential facts of mitosis, where, in contrast to meiosis, there is a qualitative and quantitative equality of chromosome distribution to daughter cells. (See karyotype).

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
Borna Barišić
Borna Barišić (Croatian pronunciation: [bôːrna bǎriʃitɕ]; born 10 November 1992) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Osijek.

Barišić previously played for Rangers in the Scottish Premiership, Dinamo Zagreb, BSK Bijelo Brdo, and Osijek in the Prva HNL and Trabzonspor in Turkish Süper Lig. He also had loan spells at CD Leganés and Lokomotiva Zagreb.

PFA Scotland Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Scotland Team of the Year (often called the PFA Scotland Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 44 footballers in the four national tiers of the Scottish football league system, who are seen to be deserving of being named in a "Team of the Year". The award is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, Professional Footballers' Association Scotland (PFA Scotland), with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award was instituted in the 2006–07 season. In that first season, the award was voted for by the managers in each division.

The award was expanded to include the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) in 2021–22.
Gundrampally
Gundrampally or Gundrampalli is a village in Nalgonda district in Telangana, India. It falls under Chityala mandal.

In 1948, Gundrampally was the site of a major revolt by the villagers against the Nizam of Hyderabad's rule and the widespread massacres of villagers by Razakars of Hyderabad who killed more than 350 villagers. There was a large Razakar camp at Gundrampally from where they had killed a large number of villagers. In retaliation, the camp was attacked and destroyed.
In 1993, the villagers built a memorial Stupa to commemorate the martyrs.

Nalgonda district
Nalgonda district is a district in the Telangana state of India. Nalgonda district has the highest number of mandals in the state with 31 mandals. The district shares boundaries with Suryapet, Rangareddy, Yadadri and Nagarkurnool districts and with the state boundary of Andhra Pradesh. 
In terms of area, Nalgonda is the 2nd largest district with an area of 7222.78 km2 in the state.
2006 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament
The 2006 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 34th edition of the event known that year as the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament and was part of the ATP International Series Gold of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rotterdam Ahoy indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam, Netherlands, from 20 February through 26 February 2006. Radek Štěpánek won the singles title.

The singles field lined up ATP No. 2, French Open champion, Monte Carlo, Rome, Canada and Madrid Masters winner Rafael Nadal, Australian Open quarterfinalist, Tennis Masters Cup semifinalist Nikolay Davydenko, and Madrid and Paris Masters quarterfinalist David Ferrer. Also announced were St. Petersburg champion Thomas Johansson, Auckland runner-up Mario Ančić, Radek Štěpánek, Sébastien Grosjean and Tomáš Berdych.

2005 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2005 Italian Open (also known as the 2005 Rome Masters and the 2005 Telecom Italia Masters for sponsorship reason) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 62nd edition of the Italian Open, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2005 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 2005 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy.
Amos 6
Amos 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Amos in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. In the Hebrew Bible it is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Amos. The Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary summarises this chapter as

[a] denunciation of both the sister nations (especially their nobles) for wanton security — Zion, as well as Samaria: threat of the exile: ruin of their palaces and slaughter of the people: their perverse injustice.

Whereas chapter 5 condemns the conduct of worship in Israel without justice, in chapter 6 "we are taken from the public worship of the people to the private banquets of the rich, but ... only in order to have their security and extravagance contrasted with the pestilence, the war, and the captivity that are rapidly approaching".

Amos (prophet)
Amos (/ˈeɪməs/; Hebrew: עָמוֹס – ʿĀmōs) was one of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament. According to the Bible, Amos was the older contemporary of Hosea and Isaiah and was active c. 760–755 BC during the rule of kings Jeroboam II of Israel and Uzziah of the Kingdom of Judah and is portrayed as being from the southern Kingdom of Judah yet preaching in the northern Kingdom of Israel (Samaria). The prophet is characterized as speaking against an increased disparity between the wealthy and the poor with themes of justice, God's omnipotence, and divine judgment. The Book of Amos is attributed to him. In recent years, scholars have grown more skeptical of the Book of Amos's presentation of Amos's biography and background.
Treatise on the Resurrection
The Treatise on the Resurrection is an ancient Gnostic or quasi-Gnostic Christian text which was found at Nag Hammadi, Egypt. It is also sometimes referred to as "The Letter to Rheginos" because it is a letter responding to questions about the resurrection posed by Rheginos, who may have been a non-Gnostic Christian.

Nag Hammadi
Nag Hammadi (/ˌnɑːɡ həˈmɑːdi/ NAHG hə-MAH-dee; Arabic: نجع حمادى Nagʿ Ḥammādī) is a city and markaz in Upper Egypt. It is located on the west bank of the Nile in the Qena Governorate, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of Luxor. The city had a population of close to 61,737 as of 2023. It was made famous in 1945 for the "Nag Hammadi library," an important collection of ancient texts found nearby.
Nirmala College of Engineering
Nirmala College of Engineering is a private engineering college situated in Kunnappilly, Thrissur district of Kerala, India. The college is affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University and University of Calicut.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
Anna Komnene Doukaina
Anna Komnene Doukaina (died 4 January 1286), known in French as Agnes, was princess-consort of the Principality of Achaea in 1258–1278 and regent between 1259–1262, during the captivity of her husband, Prince William II of Villehardouin, by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. After William II's death in 1278, she re-married to the powerful baron Nicholas II of Saint Omer.

Principality of Achaea
The Principality of Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Principality of Morea was one of the vassal states of the Latin Empire, which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica was captured by Epirus in 1224. After this, Achaea became the dominant power in Greece, lasting continuously for 227 years and cumulatively for 229.
Taher Shah
Taher Shah is a Pakistani-born singer-songwriter, music producer, internet personality, and businessman who is best known for his songs "Eye to Eye" and "Angel". He has been described as "Pakistan's most spectacular internet celebrity" by Dawn newspaper. It was thought that he left singing after receiving death threats, but he released an animated Urdu song,"Farishta", (Children are the angels of the earth) in April 2020.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Church of the Advent (Boston)
The Church of the Advent is an Episcopal parish in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The church is housed in a Victorian Gothic building, faced in brick with eight large change ringing bells and a 172-foot spire. It is well known as a prominent center of Anglo-Catholic worship. The church reported 803 members in 2015 and 517 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income reported for the congregation in 2024 was $402,250 with average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 176 persons.

Anglo-Catholicism
Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholic heritage, especially pre-Reformation roots, of the Church of England and other churches within Anglicanism. Anglo-Catholicism claims to restore liturgical and devotional expressions of church life that reflect the ancient practices of the early and medieval church.

The term was coined in the early 19th century, although movements emphasising the Catholic heritage of Anglicanism already existed. Particularly influential in the history of Anglo-Catholicism were the Caroline Divines of the 17th century, the Jacobite Nonjuring schism of the 17th and 18th centuries, and the Oxford Movement, which began at the University of Oxford in 1833 and ushered in a period of Anglican history known as the "Catholic Revival".
Károlyi Castle (Beregsurány)
Károlyi Castle (also called Uray Castle) is a 19th-century castle located in Beregsurány, Vásárosnamény District, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Hungary. The castle was built in classicist style by Baron Gyula Uray before being acquired by the Károlyi family and updated by architect Miklós Ybl.

Károlyi
The House of Károlyi is the name of an old and prominent Hungarian noble family, whose members held the title of Count in Hungary, awarded to them on 5 April 1712 by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. They claim descent from the late 9th century Magyar chieftain Kond.
Hino–Komuro pistol
The Hino–Komuro M1908 was a blow-forward operated, semi-automatic pistol of Japanese origin and was patented by Yujiro Komuro.

The designer, Kumazo Hino, was a contemporary of the legendary firearm inventor Murata Tsuneyoshi, and was himself known as a great inventor and an aviation pioneer. Most of the records were lost when Hino's home in Tokyo was fire bombed during World War II.

It was chambered in 8mm Nambu, .32 ACP, and .25 ACP.  The 8mm chambering was later dropped, as the cartridge proved too powerful for the design. Roughly 1200 guns were made between 1908 and 1912.

In December 1992, a cache of 17 Hino–Komuro Pistols chambered in .32 ACP were found in a warehouse that are believed to have been stored for 45 years and seven were retained by Japanese authorities for evaluation when the rest were scheduled for destruction as they were not legally registered. As there are only a small number of these weapons, they are considered highly collectible firearms.

8×22mm Nambu
The 8×22mm Nambu is a rimless, bottleneck handgun cartridge introduced in Imperial Japan in 1904, used in the Type 100 submachine gun, Nambu pistols (Type A, the Type B and Type 14) and the Nambu Type 94 pistol.
Plasketlands
Plasketlands is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. It is located approximately a quarter-of-a-mile south-west of Goodyhills, a quarter-of-a-mile to the south of the hamlet of Holme St. Cuthbert and one-and-a-half miles east of Mawbray. Carlisle, Cumbria's county town, is twenty-four miles away to the north-east. The settlement is divided into two distinct parts: High Plasketlands and Plasketlands. Jordan beck, a tributary of the Black Dub beck, flows through Plasketlands on its way to Allonby Bay.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Adrian Leijer
Adrian Leijer (born 25 March 1986) is an Australian footballer who plays as a centre back.

Leijer played on one occasion for Australia and made over 100 appearances for Melbourne Victory in the A-League.

2006–07 A-League
The 2006–07 A-League was the 30th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the second season of the A-League since its establishment the previous season. Football Federation Australia hoped to build on the success of the first season and on the interest generated by the Socceroos competing in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Fox Sports had signed a A$120 million deal over 7 years for the exclusive broadcast rights of the A-League, AFC Champions League, and national team matches (excluding matches played in the World Cup finals).

The television advertisement campaign used for the 2006–07 season was the same as the previous season, with different music. Scribe's song "Not Many" was replaced with Manuel Neztic's "Kickin Down". The second season was marketed as "A-League: Version 2".
Alkborough
Alkborough is a parish of 471 people in 192 households (2021 census) in North Lincolnshire, England, located near the northern end of The Cliff range of hills overlooking Trent Falls, the confluence of the River Trent and the River Ouse.

Alkborough, with the hamlet of Walcot about 1 mile (1.6 km) south, forms a civil parish which covers about 2,875 acres (12 km2). The village was once thought to be the location that the Romans called Aquis, but that name is now usually associated with the town of Buxton in Derbyshire (Aquis Arnemetiae).

Historic England Archive
The Historic England Archive is the public archive of Historic England, located in The Engine House on Fire Fly Avenue in Swindon, formerly part of the Swindon Works of the Great Western Railway.

It is a public archive of architectural and archaeological records and holds over 12 million historic photographs, plans, drawings, reports, records and publications covering England's archaeology, architecture, social and local history. It is a dynamic collection, with records being added to this day. The PastScape website allows searching of over 420,000 records (as of 2016).
Chapanov Peak
Chapanov Peak (Bulgarian: Чапанов връх, romanized: Chapanov vrah, IPA: [t͡ʃɐˈpanov ˈvrɤx]) is the rocky, partly ice-free peak rising to 680 m in Metlichina Ridge on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.  It is overlooking Punchbowl Glacier to the north-northeast and Borima Bay to the south.

The feature is named after the meteorologist Tsoncho Chapanov (1930-1971), the first Bulgarian scientist to have worked in Antarctica, at the Soviet base Mirny in January–April 1967.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Kristrún Rut Antonsdóttir
Kristrún Rut Hassing Antonsdóttir (born 12 October 1994) is an Icelandic multi-sport athlete. She played in both the Icelandic top-tier basketball and football leagues and later professionally in football overseas.

Besta deild kvenna
The Besta deild kvenna (lit. 'Women's Best Division') is the top-tier women's football league in Iceland. It features 10 teams that play a double round robin to decide the champion, which qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League. The 2022 season was the first season of the league after it was rebranded as Besta deild kvenna; previously, it had been named Úrvalsdeild kvenna (lit. 'Women's Elite League').
Kolkewadi Dam
Kolkewadi Dam or Kolkiwadi Dam is a dam located in the Konkani region, Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in Kolkiwadi, about 3.0 km (1.9 miles) near the village of Alore, near Chiplun.

Alore
Alore is a village in the Chiplun taluka of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, India. It lies on a bypass of the state highway linking the nearest town of Chiplun to Karad, and is located about 12.0 km (7.5 miles) east of the nearest town, that is Chiplun.

Alore pin code is 415603 and postal head office is Alore.

Kolkewadi (2 km), Pedhambe (3 km), Adare (6 km), Gane (6 km), Kanhe (7 km) are the nearby villages to Alore. Alore is surrounded by Khed Taluka towards north, Patan Taluka towards east, Sangmeshwar Taluka towards south, Guhagar Taluka towards west.

Chiplun, Satara, Mahabaleswar, Karad are the nearby cities to Alore.
Reflexive modernization
The concept of reflexive modernization or reflexive modernity was launched by a joint effort of three of the leading European sociologists: Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Beck and Scott Lash. The introduction of this concept served a double purpose: to reassess sociology as a science of the present (moving beyond the early-20th-century conceptual framework), and to provide a counterbalance to the postmodernist paradigm offering a re-constructive view alongside deconstruction.

The concept built upon previous notions such as post-industrial society (Daniel Bell) and postmaterial society, but stresses how in reflexive modernization, modernity directs its attention to the process of modernization itself.

Daniel Bell
Daniel Bell (born Daniel Bolotsky) (May 10, 1919 – January 25, 2011) was an American sociologist, writer, editor, and professor at Harvard University, best known for his contributions to the study of post-industrialism. He has been described as "one of the leading American intellectuals of the postwar era". His three best known works are The End of Ideology (1960), The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (1973), and The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism (1976).
Francesco Schiavone
Francesco Schiavone (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko skjaˈvoːne]; born 3 March 1954) is a member of the Camorra, the Caserta organized crime syndicate, and the head of the Casalesi clan from Casal di Principe in the province of Caserta. Because of his thick, dark beard, he has been dubbed "Sandokan", after the main character of a popular 1970s television series starring Kabir Bedi.

Casal di Principe
Casal di Principe (Campanian: Casale 'i Princepe or simply Casale) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Naples and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Caserta. It has a population of approximately 21,000 people. The town is located on the territory of Agro aversano - a rural area with 19 comunes spread on its land, and is directly linked to the comune of San Cipriano d'Aversa.

Casal di Principe is also known for the export of buffalo mozzarella and organised crime.