hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amateur theatre
Amateur theatre, also known as amateur dramatics, is theatre performed by amateur actors and singers. Amateur theatre groups may stage plays, revues, musicals, light opera, pantomime or variety shows, and do so for the social activity as well as for aesthetic values. Productions may take place in venues ranging from the open air, community centres, or schools to independent or major professional theatres.

Amateur theatre is distinct from the professional or community theatre because performers are usually not paid. Amateur actors are not typically members of actors' unions.

Actors' Equity Association
The Actors' Equity Association (AEA), commonly called Actors' Equity or simply Equity, is an American labor union representing those who work in live theatrical performance. Performers appearing in live stage productions without a book or through-storyline (vaudeville, cabarets, circuses) may be represented by the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA). The AEA works to negotiate quality living conditions, livable wages, and benefits for performers and stage managers. A theater or production that is not produced and performed by AEA members may be called "non-Equity".
Trimeresurus hageni
Trimeresurus hageni, commonly known as Hagen's pit viper and Hagen's green pit viper, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae.  The species is native to Southeast Asia. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.

Viper
Vipers are snakes in the family Viperidae, found in most parts of the world, except for Antarctica, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar, Ireland, and various other isolated islands. All vipers are venomous, and have long (relative to non-vipers), hinged fangs that permit deep envenomation of their prey. Three subfamilies are currently recognized. They are also known as viperids. The name "viper" is derived from the Latin word vipera, -ae, also meaning viper, possibly from vivus ("living") and parere ("to beget"), referring to the trait viviparity (giving live birth) common in vipers like most of the species of Boidae. The earliest known vipers are believed to have diverged from the rest of the clade Caenophidia in the early Eocene.
Balec Mosque
The Balec Mosque (Albanian: Xhamia e Balecit) is named after the Balec neighborhood of Gjilan, Kosovo, where it was built in 1905, at the time on the outskirts of the city.

It was built by Hysen Pasha Milla as his endowment or  waqf. The minaret dates to a 1973–74 renovation. There was no ablution fountain or shadirvan, but a water pump is nearby.

The mosque was demolished for rebuilding in 2016 and is still under reconstruction.

Shadirvan
A shadirvan (Persian: شادروان, Turkish: şadırvan, Arabic: شاذروان) is a type of fountain that is usually built in the courtyard or near the entrance of mosques, caravanserais, khanqahs, and madrasas, with the main purpose of providing water for drinking or ritual ablutions to several people at the same time, but also as decorative visual or sound elements.

Shadirvans are Persian in origin and, with a curtain or drape, were originally placed in the tents of rulers or on the balconies of palaces. They are a typical element of Ottoman architecture.: 459
Gerald Mahan
Gerald Dennis Mahan (November 24, 1937 – November 21, 2021) was an American condensed matter physicist, with specific research interests in transport and optical properties of materials, and solid-state devices. He is recognized for his work in quantum thermoelectricity and the invention of the zinc oxide varistor. He is also developed the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA) and its author of various books in quantum many-body physics.

Mahan worked at General Electric Research Laboratory (1963–1967) and was a professor of physics at the University of Oregon (1967–1973), Indiana University (1973–1984), University of Tennessee (1984–2001), and Pennsylvania State University (2001–2021). He also worked at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1984–2001).

Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers University of Technology (Swedish: Chalmers tekniska högskola, commonly referred to as Chalmers) is a private research university located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Chalmers focuses on engineering and science, but more broadly it also conducts research and offers education in shipping, architecture and management. The university has approximately 3,100 employees and 10,000 students.

Chalmers coordinates the development of a Swedish quantum computer
and
the Graphene Flagship, a European Union research initiative to develop commercial technologies with graphene.

The university is a co-founder of the CDIO Initiative, a member of the UNITECH International program, the IDEA League, the Nordic Five Tech, 
and the ENHANCE alliances as well as the EURECOM consortium and the CESAER network.
Julie Chapman
Dame Julie Clare Chapman DNZM (née Helson; born 1971 or 1972) is a New Zealand charity founder. She founded the KidsCan Charitable Trust in 2005, and Pet Refuge New Zealand in 2017. In December 2024, she was appointed a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to children and the community.

KidsCan
The KidsCan Charitable Trust (trading as KidsCan) is a New Zealand based charitable trust. It was founded in 2005 in Greenhithe, Auckland, New Zealand by Julie Chapman and works to help address New Zealand kids living in poverty (defined as living at 60% or less of the median wage, or one in four New Zealand children) through a variety of programmes.
Back in the Night
"Back in the Night" is a song by the British pub rock band Dr. Feelgood. Recorded in 1975, it appeared on their second album, Malpractice.

"Back in the Night" was also issued as a single in the UK in July 1975. It failed to reach the UK Singles Chart. Written by Wilko Johnson, and produced by Vic Maile, the song was Dr. Feelgood's third single release. The B-side was a live recording of a cover version of "I'm a Man", penned by Bo Diddley.

"Back in the Night" was also later included in Dr. Feelgood's 1997's compilation album, Twenty Five Years of Dr. Feelgood.

Bo Diddley
Ellas Bates McDaniel (December 30, 1928 – June 2, 2008), known professionally as Bo Diddley, was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter who played a key role in the transition from the blues to rock and roll. He influenced many artists, including Buddy Holly, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Animals, George Thorogood, Syd Barrett, Tom Petty, and the Clash.

His use of African rhythms and a signature beat, a simple five-accent hambone rhythm, is a cornerstone of hip hop, rock, and pop music. In recognition of his achievements, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Blues Hall of Fame in 2003, and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2017. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Diddley is also recognized for his technical innovations, including his use of tremolo and reverb effects to enhance the sound of his distinctive rectangular guitars.
Chiefdom of Sizhou
Chiefdom of Sizhou (Chinese: 思州土司; pinyin: Sīzhōu Tǔsī), ruled by the Tian clan, was an autonomous Tusi chiefdom established by Tian Zongxian (田宗顯) during the Sui dynasty. After he conquered the Qianzhong area (present-day eastern Guizhou Province), Tian Zongxian was recognized as the hereditary ruler of the region by the Sui court in 582.

Sizhou, Bozhou, Shuidong and Shuixi were called "Four Great Native Chiefdom in Guizhou" (贵州四大土司) by Chinese.  "Liangguang [ruled by] Cen and Huang, Sizhou and Bozhou [ruled by] Tian and Yang" (Chinese: 两广岑黄，思播田杨; pinyin: Liǎngguǎng Cén Huáng, Sī Bō Tián Yáng), an idiom current among Southwestern Mandarin speakers, proved that the Tian clan was once one of the most powerful clans in Southwestern China.

Liangguang
Liangguang (traditional Chinese: 兩廣; simplified Chinese: 两广; pinyin: Liǎngguǎng; Cantonese Yale: Léuhng Gwóng; lit. 'the Two Expanses'; Postal romanization: Liangkwang) is a Chinese term for the province of Guangdong and the former province and present autonomous region of Guangxi, collectively. It particularly refers to the viceroyalty of Liangguang under the Qing dynasty, when the territory was considered to include Hainan and the colonies of British Hong Kong, the French Kouang-Tchéou-Wan and Portuguese Macau. The Viceroyalty of Liangguang existed from 1735 to 1911.
Mayerling (Producers' Showcase)
"Mayerling" is an episode of the American television series Producers' Showcase made for NBC Television, which was aired on 4 February 1957 and released theatrically as a film in Europe.

The film was produced and directed by Anatole Litvak, who had previously directed the French film version of Mayerling (1936) which was an international hit and brought Litvak to Hollywood. The 1957 version stars Audrey Hepburn and Mel Ferrer, Raymond Massey, Diana Wynyard, Basil Sydney, Judith Evelyn, Isobel Elsom, Lorne Greene, Nancy Marchand, David Opatoshu, Suzy Parker, Nehemiah Persoff, Pippa Scott, Monique van Vooren, and Lilia Skala.

Nancy Marchand
Nancy Lou Marchand (June 19, 1928 – June 18, 2000) was an American actress. She began her career in theater. She was most famous for portraying Margaret Pynchon on Lou Grant – for which she won 4 Emmy Awards – and Livia Soprano on The Sopranos, for which she won a Golden Globe Award.
Chen Long (finance)
Chen Long (Chinese: 陈龙; pinyin: Chén Lóng) currently serves as the director of Luohan Academy, the think tank of Alibaba. Before this, he was the chief strategy officer of Ant Financial Group since 2014. Chen received his Ph.D. in Finance from University of Toronto, and was a tenured professor at Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis. After returning to China in 2010, Chen took the position of the Associate Dean of Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business (CKGSB), Professor of Finance.

Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business
The Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business (CKGSB) is a privately owned graduate school of business located in Beijing, China.

CKGSB maintains training centers in Shanghai and Shenzhen, as well as offices in Hong Kong, New York City and London.
Luba Lukova
Luba Lukova is an American visual artist based in New York. Her powerful work is exhibited internationally and is included in the permanent collections of Museum of Modern Art, New York; Denver Art Museum; Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris; Hong Kong Heritage Museum; Centre de la Gravure et de l'Image imprimée, La Louvière, Belgium; Center for Contemporary Graphic Art, Sukagawa, Japan; The Ford Foundation, New York; The Thermos Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; and World Bank, Washington, D.C.

La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club
La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club (sometimes abbreviated as La MaMa E.T.C.) is an Off-Off-Broadway theater founded in 1961 by African-American theatre director, producer, and fashion designer Ellen Stewart. Located in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, the theater began in the basement boutique where Stewart sold her fashion designs. Stewart turned the space into a theater at night, focusing on the work of young playwrights.
Tabira, Pernambuco
Tabira is a city in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The population in 2020, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, was 28,704 inhabitants. Its land area is 388 km2.

𝙎𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝘾𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙨

Tabira have five sister cities

Caruaru, Brazil

Monteiro, Brazil

Tavira, Portugal

Tabira, Japan

Afogados da ingazeira, Brazil

Tavira
Tavira (Portuguese pronunciation: [tɐˈviɾɐ] ⓘ), officially the City of Tavira (Portuguese: Cidade de Tavira), is a Portuguese town and municipality, capital of the Costa do Acantilado, situated in the east of the Algarve on the south coast of Portugal. It is 28 kilometres (17 miles) east of Faro and 75 kilometres (47 miles) west of Huelva across the river Guadiana into Spain. The Gilão River meets the Atlantic Ocean in Tavira. The population in 2011 was 26,167, in an area of 606.97 km2. Tavira is the Portuguese representative community for the inscription of the Mediterranean Diet as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO.
Compact excavator
A compact or mini excavator is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 8.5 tonnes. It generally includes a standard backfill blade and features independent boom swing.

Hydraulic excavators are somewhat different from other construction equipment in that all movement and functions of the machine are accomplished through the transfer of hydraulic fluid. The compact excavator's work group and blade are activated by hydraulic fluid acting upon hydraulic cylinders. The excavator's slew (rotation) and travel functions are also activated by hydraulic fluid powering hydraulic motors.

Takeuchi Manufacturing
Takeuchi Mfg. Co., Ltd. (株式会社竹内製作所, Kabushiki-gaisha Takeuchi Seisakujo) is a Japanese heavy construction machinery company that manufactures excavators, track loaders, crawler dumpers and wheel loaders.
2015 Tevlin Women's Challenger – Doubles
Maria Sanchez and Taylor Townsend were the defending champions, but Townsend decided not to participate this year.

Sanchez partnered with Sharon Fichman and successfully defended her title, defeating Kristie Ahn and Fanny Stollár 6–2, 6–7(6–8), [10–6] in the final.

Kristie Ahn
Kristie Hyerim Ahn (born June 15, 1992) is an American former professional tennis player. She won seven singles and two doubles titles on the ITF Circuit and had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 87, achieved on 30 September 2019.

Ahn made her Grand Slam debut aged 16 at the 2008 US Open. She had her best result at a major 11 years later at the 2019 US Open where she reached the fourth round.
Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.

Mike Curb
Michael Charles Curb (born December 24, 1944) is an American politician, record executive, and philanthropist who served as the 42nd lieutenant governor of California from 1979 to 1983. He is the founder of Curb Records and is the chairman of Word Entertainment. He was inducted into the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame in 2006. A member of the Republican Party, Curb is the most recent Republican to have been elected lieutenant governor of California as of 2025.
Crocodile farming in Singapore
Crocodile farming in Singapore is a specialized agricultural industry dedicated to the breeding and raising of crocodiles for the commercial production of both crocodile meat and leather.

The majority of crocodile species farmed in Singapore since the 1940s have primarily included Crocodylus porosus, along with Crocodylus novaeguinae, Caiman crocodilus, and Tomistoma schlegelii, with Crocodylus porosus being the most prevalent. Singapore has served as a hub for exporting crocodile meat and operates tanneries that process crocodile skins for the leather industry. Although crocodile farming was once a highly profitable industry for many farms in Singapore, only one remains today. As of 2023, Long Kuan Hung Crocodile Farm is the sole surviving crocodile farm in the country, housing more than 13,000 crocodiles.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
St Peter and St Paul, Bromley
St Peter and St Paul is a church in the town of Bromley, Borough of Bromley, in south east London. Known familiarly as Bromley Parish Church, it is not far from Bromley High Street and approximately halfway between Bromley North and Bromley South railway stations. The church is part of the Diocese of Rochester within the Church of England. Largely destroyed by bombing during the Second World War, St Peter and St Paul was rebuilt in the 1950s. It has been Grade II* listed since 1955.

London Borough of Bromley
The London Borough of Bromley (/ˈbrɒmli/ ⓘ) is a borough in Greater London, England. It is the largest and southeasternmost borough in London, and borders the counties of Surrey and Kent, the latter of which it formed part until 1965. The borough's population in the 2021 census was 329,991. It is named after Bromley, its principal town. Other districts are Penge, Hayes, West Wickham, Chislehurst, Beckenham and Orpington. The local authority is Bromley London Borough Council.
Kharistvala
Kharistvala (Georgian: ხარისთვალა) is a so called daba (urban-type settlement) in Georgia’s northern Ambrolauri Municipality (Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti region), at an elevation of 1,150 metres (3,770 ft) above sea level on the western shore of Shaori Reservoir. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the municipal center Ambrolauri, and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the 1,217 metres (3,993 ft) high Nakerala Pass. Remarkably, the settlement has no permanent population (2021), while still registered as a daba. Kharistvala is administratively part of the Nikortsminda community (თემი, temi) which also consists of villages Kachaeti and Nikortsminda, known for the Nikortsminda Cathedral. It acquired the daba status in 1956.

Nikortsminda Cathedral
Nikortsminda Cathedral (Georgian: ნიკორწმინდის ტაძარი, romanized: nik'orts'mindis t'adzari) is a Georgian Orthodox Church, located in Nikortsminda, Racha region of Georgia.

Nikortsminda was built in 1010–1014 during the reign of Bagrat III of Georgia and was repaired in 1534 by the King Bagrat III of Imereti. Three-storied bell-tower next to the cathedral was built in the second half of the 19th century. Frescoes inside the cathedral date from the 17th century. The cathedral was damaged in the 1991 Racha earthquake and subsequently restored.

The cathedral is on the Tentative List for status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Milton, Staffordshire
Milton is an area of Stoke-on-Trent, in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire, England. It is mainly situated between the A5009 and A53 roads. It shares its borders with Light Oaks, Baddeley Green, Sneyd Green and Abbey Hulton.

Milton is part of the Baddeley Green, Milton and Norton ward of Stoke-on-Trent City Council.

Bagnall Road Wood, a local nature reserve, is a short distance east of the village.

Stoke-on-Trent City Council
Stoke-on-Trent City Council is the local authority of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. Since 1997 it has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. It is  independent from Staffordshire County Council.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2023. It meets at Stoke-upon-Trent Town Hall. Its main offices are divided between the Civic Centre adjoining the town hall and One Smithfield in Hanley.
Everywhere I Look (book)
Everywhere I Look is a 2016 collection of short works by Australian writer Helen Garner. It is published by Text Publishing. In review in The Irish Times, Irish novelist Evelyn Conlon wrote that "it thematic selection from 15 years of work, the pieces ranging from review length to essays to snapshots from Garner's diaries."

Evelyn Conlon
Evelyn Conlon (born 1952) is an Irish novelist, short story writer, and essayist. Over the course of her career, Conlon has published dozens of novels, short stories, and essays. Her 2003 novel, Skin of Dreams, was shortlisted for Irish Novel of the Year.

Conlon is a member of Aosdána and has been appointed a writer-in-residence at educational institutions around the world, including the University College Dublin, the University of Minnesota, and Mishkanot Sha’anamin, Jerusalem. She is an adjunct professor in the creative writing MFA program at Carlow University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

A member of Irishwomen United, Conlon was a founding member of the Dublin rape crisis centre in 1979.
1938 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 1938 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Charlie Bachman, the Spartans compiled a 6–3 record and lost their annual rivalry game with Michigan by a 14 to 0 score. In inter-sectional play, the team defeated West Virginia (26–0), Syracuse (19–12), and Temple (10–0), and lost to Santa Clara (7–6).

Halfback John Pingel was selected by the Associated Press (AP), International News Service (INS) and Detroit Times as a first-team player, on the 1938 College Football All-America Team. Pingel was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

1938 Santa Clara Broncos football team
The 1938 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In their third season under head coach Buck Shaw, the Broncos compiled a 6–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 97 to 26. They were ranked as high as No. 5 in the AP Poll before losing the last two games of the season.

Santa Clara tackle Alvord Wolff was a consensus first-team selection for the 1938 College Football All-America Team. Wolff was selected by the Chicago Cardinals with the 16th overall pick of the 1939 NFL Draft.
Bratwurst
Bratwurst (German: [ˈbʁaːtvʊʁst] ⓘ) is a type of German sausage made from pork or, less commonly, beef, veal, or any combination of beef, veal, and pork. The name is derived from the Old High German Brätwurst, from brät-, finely chopped meat, and Wurst, sausage, although in modern German it is often associated with the verb braten, to pan fry or roast.

Marjoram
Marjoram (/ˈmɑːrdʒərəm/, Origanum majorana) is a cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavours. In some Middle Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus Origanum. It is also called pot marjoram, although this name is also used for other cultivated species of Origanum.
Horsnell
Horsnell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alick Horsnell (1882–1916), English architect, draughtsman, and artist

Brett Horsnell (born 1970), Australian rugby league footballer

Kenneth Horsnell (born 1933), Australian cricketer

Melanie Horsnell, Australian singer-songwriter

Kenneth Horsnell
Kenneth George "Charlie" Horsnell (3 September 1933 – 1 October 2023) was an Australian cricketer. He played in sixteen first-class matches as a left-arm seam bowler for South Australia between 1953 and 1960.

His best performance was in his third match, against Victoria at Melbourne in January 1954, when he took six for 80 in Victoria's first innings and six for 102 in the second. He dropped out of the team in 1955–56, but returned to play two more first-class matches in November 1960.

Horsnell played grade cricket for East Torrens and Kensington, as well as Australian rules football for Norwood in the South Australian National Football League.

Kenneth Horsnell died on 1 October 2023, at the age of 90.