hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central Saint Martins
Central Saint Martins is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art university in London, England. The college offers full-time courses at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and a variety of short and summer courses.

It was formerly known as Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, and before that as Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.

Archway, London
Archway is an area of north London, England, in the London Borough of Islington 3.8 miles (6 km) north of Charing Cross. It straddles the A1 and is named after a former local landmark, the high, single-arched Archway Bridge which crossed the road to the north. It has a modern commercial hub around Vantage Point (formerly Archway Tower) and Archway tube station.
Trans Boxing
Trans Boxing is an ongoing collaborative art project in the form of a boxing club, which was founded in New York City by Nolan Hanson in 2017. The project aims to provide safe and inclusive gym spaces for transgender and non-binary people that often face discrimination and aggression in typical gym environments.

The project has facilitated regular classes in New York City and Los Angeles, and produced site-specific residencies, installations, publications, films, and workshops. In 2021, Trans Boxing began a residency at Gleason's Gym, Brooklyn, New York, where the project supports the development of further inclusion and accessibility within the sport.

Gym
A gym, short for gymnasium (pl.: gymnasiums or gymnasia), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term "gymnasion". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym" is also the commonly used name for a "fitness centre" or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of the word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university, with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment.
Tshuapa
Tshuapa is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Tshuapa, Équateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, and Sud-Ubangi provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Équateur province.  Tshuapa was formed from the Tshuapa District whose town of Boende was elevated to capital city of the new province.

Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Third Republic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a unitary state with a five-level hierarchy of types of administrative division.  There are nine different types of country subdivision in a new hierarchy with no new types but with two from the previous one abolished.

Under the Third Republic, established in 2006, the number of provinces has gone from ten to twenty-five.  By fits and starts the number of towns that have been, or are in the process of being, upgraded to cities has also increased greatly.

Reforms to devolve powers to the provinces were completed in 2006, but devolution to more local levels have again been delayed when elections scheduled for 2019 were not held.  Traditional authority continues to play a significant role in governance with traditional leaders leading many of the subdivisions at the lower levels.
Bianca Manacorda
Bianca Manacorda (born 17 November 1997) is an Italian pair skater. With her former skating partner, Niccolò Macii, she won silver at an ISU Challenger Series event, the 2014 Lombardia Trophy, and placed 12th at the 2016 European Championships in Bratislava, Slovakia. They also competed at three World Junior Championships, achieving their best result, 6th, at the 2016 event in Debrecen, Hungary.

2016 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2016 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held from 14–20 March 2016 in Debrecen, Hungary. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Anna Dušková / Martin Bidař and Daniel Samohin became the first World Junior champions in figure skating from the Czech Republic and Israel, respectively. Japan's Marin Honda won the ladies' title and Lorraine McNamara / Quinn Carpenter took the ice dancing event.
Metropolitan City of Venice
The Metropolitan City of Venice (Italian: città metropolitana di Venezia) is a metropolitan city in the Veneto region of Italy, one of ten metropolitan cities in Italy. Its capital is the city of Venice. It replaced the province of Venice in 2015 and includes the city of Venice and 44 municipalities (comuni). It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by Law 56/2014.

The Metropolitan City of Venice is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 15 June 2015, as the new mayor of the capital city, Luigi Brugnaro is the first mayor of the metropolitan city.

Luigi Brugnaro
Luigi Brugnaro (born 13 September 1961) is an Italian conservative politician and entrepreneur who has been the mayor of Venice since 15 June 2015. Since July 2021, he is also president of Coraggio Italia (CI), a political party affiliated with the centre-right coalition.
Lydie Err
Lydie Err (born 23 April 1949, in Pétange) is a Luxembourgish politician.

She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) in 1984, representing Circonscription Sud.  She was re-elected in 1989, 1994, 1999, and 2004.  From 1989 until 1991, she sat as one of the two Vice-Presidents of the Chamber.  She entered the Juncker-Poos Ministry in 1998 as a Secretary of State.  She remained for one year, before the CSV-LSAP coalition collapsed in the wake of the LSAP's 1999 election defeat.

1984 Luxembourg general election
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 17 June 1984. The Christian Social People's Party remained the largest party, winning 25 of the 64 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. It formed a coalition government with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, the Santer-Poos government.
Donald Adams (cricketer)
Donald Adams (8 June 1880 – 8 January 1976) was an English first-class cricketer. He was born in Ockley, Surrey and died in Walton-on-Thames. A fast medium bowler, he played one match for Surrey County Cricket Club in 1902 against W.G. Grace's London County at Crystal Palace Park. His only first-class wicket was that of W.G. Grace, bowled in the first innings for 10. London County won the match by 196 runs.

Ockley
Ockley is a rural village in Surrey. It lies astride the A29, the modern road using the alignment of Stane Street (Chichester). The A29 diverges from the A24 from London about 2.5 miles northeast and takes the alignment of Stane Street a mile north of the village. It has a medieval parish church, see list of places of worship in Mole Valley.
Time limit
A time limit or deadline is a fixed point in time or a bounded time interval, by which a task or objective must be completed. Once that time has passed, the item may be considered overdue (for example, a work project or school assignment). In a professional context, missing a deadline can negatively affect an employee's performance evaluation, while in education, late submissions such as essays or reports may result in grade deductions.

In some cases, no materials can be submitted after the deadline. Examples include calls for proposal, commercial tenders for bids, the handling of court cases, and application dates for universities and professional schools. For tests and examinations in schools, universities and job competitions, once the time limit for the test is up, the test-takers must put down their pens or pencils and hand in their test.

In project management, deadlines are most often associated with milestones.

Request for proposal
A request for proposal (RFP) is a form of reverse auction, initiated by an organisation interested in the procurement of a service or product, that solicits a business proposal from potential suppliers. It is usually part of a complex sales process, and made through a bidding process.

Unlike invitations to tender, which award contracts based upon the price and quality of the tender, RFPs allow suppliers more flexibility in proposing an original service or product in alignment with a company's needs.

Similar requests include a request for quotation (RFQ) and a request for information (RFI), where a customer needs more information from vendors before submitting an RFP. An RFI is typically followed by an RFP or RFQ. When an RFP is made after negotiations with prospective contractors, the submitted tender is known as a BAFO (best and final offer).
Series 8, Episode 4 (Spooks)
The fourth episode of series eight of the British espionage television series Spooks is the 69th episode in the overall series. It was originally broadcast on BBC Three on 20 November 2009, later repeated on BBC One on 25 November. The episode was written by David Farr, and directed by Sam Miller. In the episode, one of Lucas North's (Richard Armitage) former interrogators, FSB officer Oleg Darshavin (Emil Hoștină), approaches Lucas regarding an upcoming terrorist attack. The episode also continues the story-arc of "Nightingale", a shadow organisation bent on a New World Order, and reveals that CIA liaison Sarah Caufield is a part of it. A little over five million people tuned in to watch the episode following its BBC One broadcast. It was met with generally positive reviews.

Spooks (TV series)
Spooks (known as MI-5 in some countries) is a British television spy drama series that originally aired on BBC One from 13 May 2002 to 23 October 2011, consisting of 10 seasons. The title is a colloquialism for spies, and the series follows the activities of the intelligence officers of Section D in MI5, based at the service's Thames House headquarters, in a highly secure suite of offices known as The Grid. In the United States, the show is broadcast under the title MI-5. In Canada, the programme originally aired as MI-5, but later aired on BBC Canada as Spooks.

The series continued with a film, Spooks: The Greater Good, which was released on 8 May 2015.
Texas Seven
The Texas 7 were a group of prisoners who escaped from the John B. Connally Unit near Kenedy, Texas, on December 13, 2000. Six of the seven were apprehended over a month later, between January 22–24, 2001, as a direct result of the television show America's Most Wanted. One of the prisoners committed suicide before he could be arrested. The surviving members were all convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of police officer Aubrey Wright Hawkins, who was shot and killed when responding to a robbery committed by the Texas Seven. These are the most death sentences that have been imposed in a single case in modern American history.

Four of the six have since been executed. And another has been granted a new trial based on alleged judicial bias.

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (CCA) is the court of last resort for all criminal matters in Texas. The Court, which is based in the Supreme Court Building in Downtown Austin, is composed of a presiding judge and eight judges.

Article V of the Texas Constitution vests the judicial power of the state and describes the Court's jurisdiction and sets rules for judicial eligibility, elections, and vacancies.
Spring Affair
"Spring Affair" is a song by American singer and songwriter Donna Summer from her 1976 album Four Seasons of Love. The song (which represents the "spring" phase of the concept album) tells of the beginning of a new relationship. "Spring Affair" is more than eight minutes long, though it was edited for release as a single. The song peaked at number 1 on the US Billboard Disco chart and number 15 in Spain singles charts and number 3 in Spain Radio chart.

"Spring Affair" was sampled extensively on "Super Disco" by Alex Gopher and Étienne de Crécy from Super Discount (1996).

Productores de Música de España
Productores de Música de España (English: Spanish Music Producers; shortened as Promusicae) is the national organisation responsible for the music charts of Spain. it is a trade association that represents more than 90% of the Spanish recorded music industry. It is the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) group for Spain. Promusicae is based in Madrid, Spain at Calle María de Molina, 39.
Jourdan des Ursins
Jourdan des Ursins (1500–1564), or originally Giordano degli Orsini, was a Corsican general of the French army who participated with Sampiero Corso in the Invasion of Corsica (1553). After the invasion, parts of the island, especially Calvi and Bastia, were reclaimed by the Genoese, but many areas remained under French control. In 1555, Jourdan des Ursins replaced de Thermes, and was named "Gouverneur et lieutenant général du roi dans l'île de Corse". He was in command of the French-controlled areas of the island until the 1559 Peace of Cateau Cambrésis when France formally returned Corsica to Genoa.

Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in April 1559 ended the Italian Wars (1494–1559). It consisted of two separate treaties, one between England and France on 2 April, and another between France and Spain on 3 April. Although he was not a signatory, both were approved by Emperor Ferdinand I, since many of the territorial exchanges concerned states within the Holy Roman Empire.

Henry II of France abandoned claims on the Italian states ruled by Philip II of Spain (the southern kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia, along with the Duchy of Milan in the north), restored an independent Savoy, returned Corsica to Genoa, and formally recognised the Protestant Elizabeth I as queen of England, rather than her Catholic cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots. In exchange, France strengthened its southern, eastern and northern borders, confirming the occupation of the Three Bishoprics and the recapture of Calais from England.
Tail vein
The tail vein or caudal vein is the largest vein in the tail of a vertebrate animal. It leads directly into the posterior cardinal vein of the posterior trunk in fishes. The mammal caudal vein (the middle caudal vein) leads to the inferior vena cava.

The caudal vein is one of the many places from which a laboratory worker can withdraw blood from a mouse specimen. The process does not require the death of the mouse, assuming that it does not exceed the established standard that "no more than two blood samples are taken per session and in any one 24-hour period...The lateral tail vein is usually used and 50 μl to 0.2 ml of blood can be obtained per sample depending on the size of the animal."

Warming an animal to the ideal 39°C may be necessary to cause dilation of the veins and allow for easier processing.

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.
Yitha'amar Bayyin II
Yitha'amar Bayyin II was a Sabean King of what is today Southern Yemen. He was also known as 
the son and successor of Sumuhu'ali Yanuf III.
He is known for the construction of the Dam of Ma'rib according to inscriptions at the dam, and he rebuilt the fortification of the city Yathill.

He was a strong leader and is known from inscriptions to have pushed the Bayyin tribes to the south and defeated the Yarfath and Dahas tribes, who had rebelled against his ally Qataban.

Then he struck the up-and-coming He also wages successful campaigns against the Ma'in Empire.

Qataban
Qataban (Qatabanian: 𐩤𐩩𐩨𐩬, romanized: QTBN, lit. 'Qatabān') was an ancient Yemenite kingdom in South Arabia that existed from the early 1st millennium BCE to the late 1st or 2nd centuries CE.

It was one of the six ancient South Arabian kingdoms of ancient Yemen, along with Sabaʾ, Maʿīn, Ḥaḍramawt, Ḥimyar and Awsān.
Ed Walsh Jr.
Edward Arthur Walsh (February 11, 1905 – October 31, 1937) was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He was from Meriden, Connecticut, and was the son of Hall of Famer Ed Walsh.  He played four seasons in the Majors, all with Chicago White Sox, from 1928 through 1932.

Meriden, Connecticut
Meriden (/ˈmɛərədɪn/ MAIR-ə-din) is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, located halfway between the regional cities of New Haven and Hartford. The city is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. In 2020, the population of the city was 60,850.
Frédéric Sauvage
Frédéric Sauvage (20 September 1786 – 17 July 1857) was a French boat builder who carried out early tests of screw-type marine propellers.

Sauvage was born at Boulogne-sur-Mer. In a public demonstration with a small boat on 15 January 1832 in Honfleur, he was able to show that a propeller is more efficient than the then standard paddle-wheels located on the sides of the boat. In 1842, he built the steamer Napoléon in a joint venture with  shipbuilder Augustin Normand. However, he was not able to interest the French Navy in his idea and when he tried to develop it commercially on his own he was not successful, went bankrupt and landed in debtor’s prison for a time.  Today, the practical development of propellers is generally credited to the Czech-born Josef Ressel, who took out patents in 1827, although Sauvage was clearly a pioneer.

Honfleur
Honfleur (French: [ɔ̃flœʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from Le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie. The people that inhabit Honfleur are called Honfleurais.

It is especially known for its old port, characterized by its houses with slate-covered frontages, painted frequently by artists. There have been many notable artists, including Gustave Courbet, Eugène Boudin, Claude Monet and Johan Jongkind. They all met at La Ferme Saint Siméon, which is now a five-star hotel, and created the "Saint Siméon gathering", contributing to the appearance of the Impressionist movement. The Sainte-Catherine church, which has a bell tower separate from the principal building, is the largest wooden church in France.
Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 400 metre individual medley
The Women's 400m Individual Medley (IM) at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 1 April (prelims & finals) at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. As the event was over 200 meters in length, no semifinals were held in it and the top 8 swimmers from the preliminary heats advance directly to the single final heat. 40 swimmers were entered in the event, of which 48 swam.

Existing records at the start of the event were:

World Record (WR):  4:33.59, Yana Klochkova (Ukraine), 16 September 2000 in Sydney, Australia

Championship Record (CR): 4:36.07, Katie Hoff (USA), Montreal 2005 (31 July 2005)

Yana Klochkova
Yana Oleksandrivna Klochkova (Ukrainian: Яна Олександрівна Клочкова; born 7 August 1982) is a Ukrainian swimmer, who has won five Olympic medals in her career, with four of them being gold. She is Merited Master of Sports (1998), Hero of Ukraine (2004). Klochkova was the most awarded Olympian from Ukraine until in 2024 fencer Olga Kharlan overtook her.

Yana Klochkova set 50 Ukrainian records in 25- and 50-meter swimming pools at distances of 100, 200, 400 meters with integrated swimming; 200, 400 and 800 meters freestyle; 100 and 200 meters on the back; 200 meters butterfly and relay swimming. At the Olympic Games in Sydney, she set a world record in a 400-meter medley swimming and a European record in a 200-meter medley swimming.
Erattai Manithan
Erattai Manithan (transl. Double Person) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by K. Shankar. The film stars S. S. Rajendran (who is also credited for film's script), Jai Ganesh, Latha, Sumithra and Bhavani. It was released on 14 January 1982, after over two years of delay.

S. S. Rajendran
Sedapatti Suryanarayana Rajendran, also known by his initials SSR (1 January 1928 – 24 October 2014), was an Indian actor, film director, film producer and politician who worked in Tamil theatre and cinema. He is also referred to as Latchiya Nadigar.
2021 Breeders' Cup
The 2021 Breeders' Cup World Championships is the 38th edition of the premier event of the North American thoroughbred horse racing year. The 14 races, all but one of which are Grade I, took place on November 5 and 6 at Del Mar Racetrack in Del Mar, California and were telecast by NBC and NBC Sports. The Breeders' Cup is generally regarded as the end of the North America racing season, although a few Grade I events take place in later November and December. The event typically determines champions in many of the Eclipse Award divisions.

Del Mar, California
Del Mar (Spanish pronunciation: [del ˈmaɾ]; Spanish for "Of the Sea") is a beach city in San Diego County, California, United States, located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Established in 1885 as a seaside resort, the city was incorporated in 1959. The population was 3,954 at the 2020 census, down from 4,161 at the 2010 census.

The San Diego County Fair is an annual fair held at the Del Mar Fairgrounds. Horse racing is hosted at the Del Mar Racetrack every summer.
Diocese of Broome
The Diocese of Broome is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Australia. The diocese covers the Kimberley and Pilbara regions of Western Australia. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Perth. Its cathedral episcopal see is Our Lady Queen of Peace Cathedral, in Broome, Western Australia.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
Linha do Minho
Linha do Minho is a railway line which connects the stations of Porto-São Bento and Valença, in Portugal. It was opened on 6 August 1882, when it reached Valença. The section from Valença to Monção was opened on 15 July 1915 and closed on 31 December 1989.
From its Valença terminal, there is a rail connection to Tui just across the Spanish border; RENFE operates through trains between Vigo and Porto-Campanhã.

Valença railway station
Valença railway station is the main railway station of Valença in the Norte Region, Portugal. It mainly serves regional and long-distance traffic towards Porto and northern Portugal, as well as connecting local services across the border to Galicia, Spain.