hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herbert Downward
Herbert Edward Graham Downward (25 April 1880 – 5 July 1973) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Emerald Hill to Alfred Downward and Josephine Kerr. He was educated in Mornington, and managed the family property there before he inherited it. On 31 May 1916 he married Eileen May Edwards, with whom he had three sons. He served on Flinders Shire Council from 1917 to 1920 and Mornington Shire Council from 1919 to 1931, serving as president of the latter from 1922 to 1923 and from 1929 to 1930. In 1929 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Country Party member for Mornington, succeeding his father. He served until his defeat in 1932. Downward died in Frankston in 1973.

Shire of Flinders (Victoria)
The Shire of Flinders was a local government area encompassing the extremity of the Mornington Peninsula, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) south of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 324 square kilometres (125.1 sq mi), and existed from 1874 until 1994.
Izumo Science Center Park Town Mae Station
Izumo Science Center Park Town Mae Station (出雲科学館パークタウン前駅, Izumo-Kagakukan-Pākutaun-mae-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company,  Ichibata Electric Railway.

Ichibata Electric Railway
Ichibata Electric Railway Co., Ltd. is the name of two related, yet different companies in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Ichibata Denki Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha (一畑電気鉄道株式会社) was a railway operator until 2006, when it became a holding company of the Ichibata Group, spinning off its railway division to its newly founded Ichibata Densha Kabushiki-gaisha (一畑電車株式会社). Although the two companies have different names in Japanese, in English they are referred to by the English name of their parent holding company.

The company name is often shortened to Bataden.
Yosemite International Jazz Festival
The Yosemite International Jazz Festival is/was an annual autumn jazz festival held near Yosemite National Park, in Madera County, California. It was scheduled to be one of the concluding shows of the West Coast Jazz Season.

Madera County, California
Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ; Madera, Spanish for "Wood"), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat. Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.

The name Madera is Spanish for "wood," a reference to the county’s early lumber industry. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie within the county, and tourism, along with agriculture—particularly almonds, grapes, and pistachios—form major parts of the local economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county’s median household income is below the state average, and its poverty rate is higher than the California average.
Shepherd Hills Tested
Shepherd Hills Tested #20U (2008 – April 14, 2017) was an American bucking bull. He bucked on the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuits from 2011-2014. His first title was the 2012 American Bucking Bull (ABBI) Classic World Champion. He went on to win the 2012 Bull of the Finals title at the PRCA's National Finals Rodeo (NFR) later that same year. In 2013, he won the PRCA Bull of the Year title and was also the PBR Reserve World Champion Bull. In his last year bucking, he repeated as the 2014 PBR Reserve World Champion Bull. In 84 times out of the bucking chute over a four years period, Tested only allowed cowboys four qualified rides; two rides by two-time PBR world champion J.B. Mauney and two rides by Kasey Hayes. His owners retired him after the 2014 season. He died from injuries sustained in an accident on April 14, 2017.

Chris Shivers
Christopher Lee Shivers (born December 30, 1978) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding, and competed in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuit. He turned pro in 1997, and won the PBR world championship in 2000 and 2003.

In 2023, Shivers was ranked No. 6 on the list of the top 30 bull riders in PBR history.
Mystus atrifasciatus
Mystus atrifasciatus (known locally as trey kanchos chhnoht) is a species of catfish endemic to Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, known from Mekong River, Chao Phraya River and Mae Klong River and was described from Phitsanulok, Thailand. It inhabits rivers, streams and reservoirs and moves to floodplains when the water level increases and can also be found near submerged woody vegetation. It feeds on crustaceans and zooplankton along with some algae and fish scales. It is commonly fished and marketed and is also found in the aquarium trade. It may be threatened by pollution and overfishing and more research is needed about the species.

Mae Klong
The Mae Klong (Thai: แม่น้ำแม่กลอง, RTGS: Maenam Mae Klong, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm mɛ̂ː klɔ̄ːŋ]), sometimes spelled Meklong, is a river in western Thailand. The river begins in Kanchanaburi Province and flows across Ratchaburi Province and Samut Songkhram Province.
Jang-e-Azadi Memorial
Jang-e-Azadi Memorial (lit. 'Battle for Freedom Memorial') is a memorial and museum in Kartarpur town (near the city of Jalandhar) in Jalandhar district of Punjab, India, in memory of contribution and sacrifices made by the Punjabi community in Indian independence movement. The memorial was built over an area of 25 acres at the cost of ₹300 crore.

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Ron Ponder
Ron J. Ponder (born February 21, 1943) is a senior information technology executive. He has held senior leadership positions at Federal Express, Sprint, AT&T, and Cap Gemini Ernst & Young

One of the first global CIOs his career has spanned several Industries, helping Federal Express introduce its worldwide package tracking and tracing systems, overseeing the operation and modernization of both Sprint and AT&T's voice and data networks as well as their product development, Billing, Marketing and Customer Service systems.

In 2006 he founded and currently leads an information technology consulting firm, formed by Ponder and several of his former business associates. The group specializes in managing large-scale business and government technology program implementations, information technology group transformations and providing leadership on troubled projects.

FedEx
FedEx Corporation, originally known as Federal Express Corporation, is an American multinational conglomerate holding company specializing in transportation, e-commerce, and business services. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The name "FedEx" is a syllabic abbreviation of its original air division, Federal Express, which operated under this name from 1973 until 1994.

FedEx is best known for its delivery service,  as well as FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Office, FedEx Supply Chain, FedEx Freight, and several other services through a network of subsidiaries. These expansions have often been strategic moves to compete with its primary rival, UPS.

The company's air shipping operations are centralized at its primary hub at Memphis International Airport, making it a critical hub for global logistics.
Tetramorium nazgul
Tetramorium nazgul is a species of Myrmicine ant native to Analalava, Ambohijanahary, and the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, Madagascar.  The species is characterized by long, thin, propodeal spines.  Its body is covered in a multitude of long hairs.  General coloration is dark brown or black, with lighter coloration on the legs.  The species is commonly found in leaf litter in tropical dry forests and montane rainforests, typically around elevations of 700 to 1,100 meters (2,300 to 3,600 ft).  It was named after the Nazgûl from J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.

Plant litter
Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O-horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter is an important factor in ecosystem dynamics, as it is indicative of ecological productivity and may be useful in predicting regional nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
Quaestiones
In rhetorical theory, the quaestiones (Latin: "questions") are the points being debated.

Quaestiones is also the title of numerous literary works, including in chronological order:

the Tusculanae Disputationes of Roman statesman Cicero, around 45 BC

the Quaestiones of Roman jurist Sextus Caecilius Africanus, around 160

the Quaestiones disputatae de Veritate, 1256-1259.

the Quaestiones quaedam philosophicae of English physicist Isaac Newton (1661)

Tusculanae Disputationes
The Tusculanae Disputationes (also Tusculanae Quaestiones; English: Tusculan Disputations) is a series of five books written by Cicero, around 45 BC, attempting to popularise Greek philosophy in ancient Rome, including Stoicism. It is so called as it was reportedly written at his villa in Tusculum. His daughter had recently died and in mourning Cicero devoted himself to philosophical studies. The Tusculan Disputations consist of five books, each on a particular theme: On the contempt of death; On pain; On grief; On emotional disturbances; and whether Virtue alone is sufficient for a happy life.
Waterview Connection
The Waterview Connection is a motorway section through west/central Auckland, New Zealand. It connects State Highway 20 in the south at Mt Roskill to State Highway 16 in the west at Point Chevalier, and is a part of the Western Ring Route.

The Waterview Connection is 4.5 km long, of which 2.5 km are in the form of twin tunnels. The Waterview Tunnel supersedes the Lyttelton Road Tunnel as New Zealand's longest road tunnels. By 2026, the link is expected to carry 83,000 vehicles a day. There are three lanes of traffic in each tunnel.

New North Road, New Zealand
New North Road is a street in the central and western Auckland isthmus, New Zealand, connecting Upper Symonds Street in Eden Terrace to Avondale. The road runs parallel to Great North Road, located to the north, and crosses Dominion Road, the Western Line at Morningside and runs above the Waterview Tunnel section of the Southwestern Motorway at Mount Albert.
Ming Tombs Reservoir
The Ming Tombs Reservoir or the Shisanling Reservoir (十三陵水库) is a dam in Changping District of northern Beijing, China. Named for the Ming tombs nearby, it is the lower reservoir of the Shisanling Pumped Storage Power Station. The earth-fill embankment dam is 29 metres (95 ft) high and 627 metres (2,057 ft) long. The dam creates a reservoir that can store 59,000,000 cubic metres (2.083565337×109 cu ft) of water and contains a controlled chute spillway.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Pfitz
Pfitz is a 1997 novel by Scottish physicist and author Andrew Crumey. It concerns an 18th-century German prince who dedicates his life to the construction of imaginary cities. The name Pfitz is taken from an inhabitant of one of the prince's fanciful cities, Rreinnstadt.

In 1997, the book was named a notable book of the year by The New York Times. In that newspaper Andrew Miller said it, "makes for rewarding reading – cerebral, adroit, not afraid to take chances but never allowing itself to be seduced by theory, by mere cleverness."

It was published in Germany as Die Geliebte des Kartographen ("The Cartographer's Lover") and was the subject of a prize-winning television feature by Eva Severini.

In 2013 the Scottish Book Trust selected it as one of the 50 best Scottish books of the last 50 years.

Andrew Miller (novelist)
Andrew Brooke Miller (born 29 April 1960) is an English novelist. He has published ten novels and has won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the International Dublin Literary Award, the Costa Book Awards Book of the Year, the Winston Graham Historical Prize and the Walter Scott Prize. He has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize.
ISQUARE
iSQUARE (Chinese: 國際廣場; Jyutping: gwok3 zai3 gwong2 coeng4) is a 31-storey shopping centre located at 63 Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong, on the site of the former Hyatt Regency Hotel. It was developed by, and is now owned by, Associated International Hotels zh:凱聯國際.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
The Thundermans (franchise)
The Thundermans, also known as the Thunderverse, is a television franchise currently consisting of two television series and a television film. The franchise was created by Jed Spingarn and is owned by Nickelodeon and Paramount Skydance. The franchise spawned from the 2013 television series The Thundermans.

The franchise stars Kira Kosarin, Jack Griffo, Addison Riecke, Diego Velazquez, Chris Tallman, Rosa Blasi, Maya Le Clark, who portray the Thunderman family, the central focus of the franchise. Prominent figures in the franchise include Kosarin and Griffo, who star as Phoebe and Max Thunderman respectively, and have been a staple in the franchise, having currently starred in all media.

Chris Tallman
Christian Tallman (born September 22, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his regular appearances on the Comedy Central programs Crossballs and Reno 911! and the Nickelodeon program The Thundermans.
Hopkinton, Massachusetts
Hopkinton is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, 25 miles (40 km) west of Boston. The town is notable as the starting point of the Boston Marathon, held annually on Patriots' Day each April, and as the headquarters for the Dell EMC corporation. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 18,758, a population growth rate faster than any other municipality in the commonwealth.

The U.S. Census recognizes the central village within the town as a census-designated place, with a population of 2,651 at the 2020 census. Hopkinton also includes the village of Woodville, which was established as a historic district in 2005.

Patriots' Day
Patriots' Day (Patriot's Day in Maine) is an annual event, formalized as a legal holiday or a special observance day in eight U.S. states, commemorating the battles of Lexington, Concord, and Menotomy, the inaugural battles of the American Revolutionary War. The holiday occurs annually on the third Monday in April in four states and on April 19 in four, with celebrations including battle reenactments and the Boston Marathon.
Paradoxoglanis parvus
Paradoxoglanis parvus is a species of electric catfish endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it is found in the Congo and Kumbinanimi River systems. This species grows to a length of 16.9 centimetres (6.7 in) SL.

Congo River
The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around 220 m (720 ft). The Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi River system has an overall length of 4,700 km (2,900 mi), which makes it the world's ninth-longest river. The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, and Lualaba is the name of the Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800 km (1,100 mi).

Measured along with the Lualaba, the main tributary, the Congo River has a total length of 4,370 km (2,720 mi). It is the only major river to cross the equator twice. The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 mi2), or 13% of the entire African landmass.
Adolphe
Adolphe is a classic French novel by Benjamin Constant, first published in 1816. It tells the story of an alienated young man, Adolphe, who falls in love with an older woman, Ellénore, the Polish mistress of the Comte de P***. Their illicit relationship serves to isolate them from their friends and from society at large. The book eschews all conventional descriptions of exteriors for the sake of detailed accounts of feelings and states of mind.

Constant began the novel on 30 October 1806, and completed it some time before 1810. While still working on it he read drafts to individual acquaintances and to small audiences, and after its first publication in London and Paris in June 1816 it went through three further editions: in July 1816 (new preface), July 1824 in Paris (restorations to Ch. 8, third preface), and in 1828. Many variants appear, mostly alterations to Constant's somewhat archaic spelling and punctuation.

Social isolation
Social isolation is a state of complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual and society. It differs from loneliness, which reflects temporary and involuntary lack of contact with other humans in the world. Social isolation can be an issue for individuals of any age, though symptoms may differ by age group.

Social isolation has similar characteristics in both temporary instances and for those with a historical lifelong isolation cycle. All types of social isolation can include staying home for lengthy periods of time; having no communication with family, acquaintances or friends; and/or willfully avoiding any contact with other humans when those opportunities do arise.
Amin Maalouf
Amin Maalouf (French: [maluf]; Arabic: أمين رشدي بطرس طنّوص معلوف Arabic pronunciation: [maʕˈluːf]; born 1949) is a Lebanese-born French author who has lived in France since 1976. Although his native language is Arabic, he writes in French, and his works have been translated into over 40 languages.

Of his several works of nonfiction, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes is probably the best known. He received the Prix Goncourt in 1993 for his novel The Rock of Tanios, as well as the 2010 Prince of Asturias Award for Literature. He is a member of the Académie française and was elected its Perpetual Secretary on 28 September 2023.

Lebanese people in France
Lebanese people in France include migrants from Lebanon to France, as well as their descendants. Many people left Lebanon because of the Lebanese civil war and wars with Israel as well as various crises in Lebanon.
Bokhara Trumpeter
The Bokhara Trumpeter is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Bokhara Trumpeters, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).
The breed is known for its long muffed (feathered) feet and double crest.

One of the most popular breeds of Trumpeter in the U.S.. The American Pigeon Journal focused on the breed with a special in May 1976. The Bokhara Trumpeter is most noticeably characterized by its lengthy full muffs (feathers on the feet) and double crest which completely obscures the bird's eyes and gives it a look reminiscent of the Old English Sheepdog. The trumpeting breeds of pigeon are so named because of their unique vocalizations which sound vaguely like low laughter.

Wendell Levi describes this trumpeting vocalization in his book The Pigeon.

Trumpeter (pigeon)
The Trumpeter breeds of fancy pigeon are so named because of their unique vocalizations which sound vaguely like low laughter. Wendell Levi describes this trumpeting vocalization in his book The Pigeon. 
There are several domesticated varieties that possess this "trumpeting" ability to various degrees. Some of the more popular are:
Shibu (film)
Shibu  is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by duo directors Arjun Prabhakaran and Gokul Ramakrishnan, written by Praneesh, and produced by Kaargo Cinemas. It features Karthik Ramakrishnan, Anju Kurian, Lukman Avaran, Salim Kumar, and Biju Kuttan in lead roles. Sachin Warrier composed the music for the film. It was released on 19 July 2019. Film is loosely based on a hard-core fan of Actor Dileep.

Biju Kuttan
Biju Kuttan (born 13 May 1976) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Malayalam films. As of June 2021, he has acted in more than 70 Malayalam films.

Biju Kuttan is born in North Paravur, Ernakulam. He completed most of his schooling from SNM HSS MOOTHAKUNNAM, Ernakulam  Biju is married to Subitha. The couple have two daughters—Lakshmi and Parvathi.
Latice Crawford
Latice Crawford (born July 22, 1982 as Latice Tenae Crawford) is an American urban contemporary gospel singer and composer. She is best known for using her three-octave, contralto vocal range of to finish third on the second season of the competitive gospel singing television show Sunday Best on Black Entertainment Television. Her self-titled debut album reached two Billboard charts, the Top Gospel Albums and the Top Heatseekers. Her second album, Diary of a Church Girl, also appeared on the Top Gospel Albums chart.

Top Gospel Albums
Top Gospel Albums is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States, ranking the popularity of gospel albums. As of Tuesday, January 31, 2017 (with the charts dated February 11, 2017), it uses the same multi-metric methodology developed for the Billboard 200, which incorporates traditional album sales, track equivalent albums (TEA) and streaming equivalent albums (SEA).
× Vandaenopsis
× Vandaenopsis, abbreviated Vdnps. in the horticultural trade, is an intergeneric hybrid between the orchid genera Phalaenopsis and Vanda (Phal. × V.). It is now the accepted name for several former hybrid genera, since Ascocentrum and Neofinetia are now both synonymous with Vanda.

Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis (/ˌfælɪˈnɒpsɪs/), also known as moth orchids, is a genus of about seventy species of plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with long, coarse roots, short, leafy stems and long-lasting, flat flowers arranged in a flowering stem that often branches near the end. Orchids in this genus are native to Asia, New Guinea, and Australia, but mostly occur in Indonesia and the Philippines.