hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012–13 Skeleton World Cup
The 2012–13 Skeleton World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season for skeleton. The season started on 8 November 2012 in Lake Placid, New York, United States, and ended on 17 February 2013 in Sochi, Russia. The World Cup is organised by the FIBT who also run World Cups and Championships in bobsleigh. This season was sponsored by Viessmann.

Sliding Center Sanki
The Sliding Center Sanki (Санки) (a.k.a. the Sanki Sliding Center) is a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track located in Rzhanaya Polyana, Russia, 60 km (37 mi) northeast of Sochi. Located in the Western Caucasus. The venue hosted the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton events for the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Nebraska Department of Transportation
The Nebraska Department of Transportation (Nebraska DOT or NDOT) is the state government agency charged with building and maintaining the state highways in the U.S. state of Nebraska, as well as the state's airports. The main headquarters of the agency is located in Lincoln, the capital city. There are currently eight NDOT district offices located across the state.

The agency was formed on July 1, 2017, following the merger of the Nebraska Department of Roads and the Nebraska Department of Aeronautics, the last of all 50 US states to do something of the like.

Republican River
The Republican River is a river in the central Great Plains of North America, rising in the High Plains of eastern Colorado and flowing east 453 miles (729 km) through the U.S. states of Nebraska and Kansas.
Argyrochosma fendleri
Argyrochosma fendleri, Fendler's false cloak fern, is a fern known from the western United States and northwestern Mexico. It grows in rocky habitats, and is distinguished from other members of the genus by its zig-zag leaf axes. Like many species in the genus, it bears white powder on the underside of its leaves. First described as a species in 1851, it was transferred to the new genus Argyrochosma in 1987.

Eriodictyol
Eriodictyol is a bitter-masking flavanone, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum), a plant native to North America.  Eriodictyol is one of the four flavanones identified in this plant as having taste-modifying properties, the other three being homoeriodictyol, its sodium salt, and sterubin.

Eriodictyol has garnered scientific attention for its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Structurally similar to other flavonoids, such as hesperidin and naringenin, eriodictyol scavenges free radicals and regulates inflammatory responses.

Eriodictyol was also found in the twigs of Millettia duchesnei, in Eupatorium arnottianum, and its glycosides (eriocitrin) in lemons and rose hips (Rosa canina).

Eriodictyol belongs to the flavanone subclass of flavonoids and has a chemical structure defined by the molecular formula C15H12O6, with a molecular weight of 288.25 g/mol.
Martha Loftin Wilson
Martha Loftin Wilson (née, Loftin; January 18, 1834 – June 11, 1919) was an American missionary worker and journal editor, as well as a pioneer Atlanta resident and a nurse in the American Civil War. She was regarded as "the most influential leader in the Woman's Missionary Union in Georgia". Wilson was the author of Hospital Scenes and Incidents of the War.

Woman's Missionary Union
Woman's Missionary Union (WMU) is an auxiliary of the Southern Baptist Convention that was founded in 1888.  It is the largest Protestant missions organization for women in the world.

The WMU sees its work as ‘’making disciples of Jesus who live in mission’’; this is done by providing resources, engaging with ministries and offering leadership development.
George Heggie
George Heggie (September 27, 1870 – February 21, 1953) was an Irish-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented North Okanagan in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from a 1930 byelection until his retirement at the 1933 provincial election as a Conservative.

He came to Canada in 1895 as manager for Sir Arthur Stepney's ranch near Enderby. He served on the council for Vernon and was also a justice of the peace. Heggie was the first president of the Vernon Fruit Union. He was manager of the Land and Agricultural Company in Vernon from 1910 to 1942.

Enderby, British Columbia
The City of Enderby is in the North Okanagan region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, between Armstrong and Salmon Arm. It is approximately 80 km north of Kelowna and 130 km east of Kamloops. Highway 97A passes through Enderby and the Shuswap River marks the eastern and northeastern limits of the City. There are two major schools in Enderby: M.V. Beattie Elementary School and A.L. Fortune Secondary School. M.V. Beattie Elementary School was rebuilt in 2012.

The rural area surrounding Enderby is made up of the communities of Ashton Creek, Grandview Bench, Grindrod, Kingfisher, Mara, Splatsin Reserve, Springbend and Trinity Valley. The rural area is 2,108.46 square kilometres. Several smaller lakes, including Gardom Lake and Hidden Lake, are also located in the area.
Cagliari Observatory
The Cagliari Observatory (Italian: Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, or OAC) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Italy's Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (National Institute for Astrophysics, INAF). It is located 20 km away from Cagliari in Sardinia. It was founded in 1899 to study the Earth's rotation.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Steve Borst
Steve Borst is an American television writer and producer. For his work on Mad, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Animated Program in 2012. He co-created Nickelodeon's Breadwinners with Gary "Doodles" DiRaffaele. His inspiration for the field of animation was CatDog from the network that produced Hey Dude and Double Dare that he grew up watching, Nickelodeon.

Hey Dude
Hey Dude is an American Western comedy series created by Dee LaDuke that aired on Nickelodeon from July 14, 1989, to August 30, 1991, consisting of 65 half-hour episodes produced over five seasons. It is set on the fictitious Bar None Ranch in Tucson, Arizona. It portrays the lives of the ranch owner, his son, their ranch hand, and four teenage summer employees. The series is aimed primarily at a teenage audience.
Tn3 transposon
The Tn3 transposon is a 4957 base pair mobile genetic element, found in prokaryotes. Tn3 is medically relevant because it confers antibiotic resistance to many pathogenic bacteria. About 20 related transposons have been identified in bacteria belonging to at least 50 genera, most of which are gram-negative. Genes conferred by the Tn3 family encode resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and most commonly penicillin (in Tn1 and Tn2).

Tn3 encodes three proteins:

β-lactamase (encoded by the gene bla), an enzyme that confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin.

Tn3 transposase (encoded by gene tnpA)

Tn3 resolvase (encoded by gene tnpR)

Tn3 is an example of replicative transposon (Copy-Paste type transposone).

Initially discovered as a repressor of transposase, resolvase also plays a role in facilitating Tn3 replication (Sherratt 1989).

The transposon is flanked by a pair of 38bp inverted repeats.

DNA supercoil
DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively supercoiled" or "negatively supercoiled" (more or less tightly wound). The amount of a strand's supercoiling affects a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA and regulating access to the genetic code (which strongly affects DNA metabolism and possibly gene expression). Certain enzymes, such as topoisomerases, change the amount of DNA supercoiling to facilitate functions such as DNA replication and transcription.  The amount of supercoiling in a given strand is described by a mathematical formula that compares it to a reference state known as "relaxed B-form" DNA.
2016 Reinert Open – Doubles
Eva Hrdinová and Shahar Pe'er were the defending champions, but chose not to participate.

Natela Dzalamidze and Valeriya Strakhova won the title, defeating Kanae Hisami and Kotomi Takahata in the final, 6–2, 6–1.

Shahar Pe'er
Shahar Pe'er  (Hebrew: שחר פאר, pronounced [ˈʃaχaʁ peˈʔeʁ]; born (1987-05-01)1 May 1987) is an Israeli retired tennis player.

Pe'er won five singles and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as four singles and three doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career. She reached her best singles ranking of world number 11, the highest of any Israeli tennis player in history, in January 2011. She peaked at number 14 in the doubles rankings in May 2008.

Pe'er is widely regarded as the most successful Israeli female tennis player in history, having twice reached a Grand Slam quarterfinal in singles and appeared in the doubles final of the 2008 Australian Open, with Victoria Azarenka of Belarus. She won her first senior national title at the age of 14, and won the Junior Girls’ Australian Open title when she was 16.

Playing for Israel at the Fed Cup, Pe'er has a win–loss record of 39–28. She also represented Israel in two Olympics.
Chicon (Worldcon)
Chicon is the name given to seven Worldcons and retroactively applied to an eighth Worldcon. All eight of the conventions were held in Chicago, Illinois.

Chicon I, 1940

TASFIC (a.k.a. Chicon II), 1952

Chicon III (a.k.a. Chicon II, confusingly enough), 1962

Chicon IV, 1982

Chicon V, 1991

Chicon 2000, 2000

Chicon 7, 2012

Chicon 8, 2022

70th World Science Fiction Convention
The 70th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Chicon 7, was held on 30 August–3 September 2012 at the Hyatt Regency Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

The convention committee was chaired by Dave McCarty and organized under the auspices of the Chicago Worldcon Bid corporation.
Poultney Central School
The Poultney Central School is a historic former school building on Main Street in the village center of Poultney, Vermont.  Built in 1885, it is a high quality example of Late Victorian Italianate architecture executed in brick.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and has been converted into residential use.

Poultney (town), Vermont
Poultney is a town in Rutland County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. New York state is on its western border. Castleton, Vermont, is on its northern border. Poultney was home to Green Mountain College, a private liberal arts college that closed in 2019. The Village of Poultney is entirely within the town. The town population was 3,020 at the 2020 census.

Poultney was charted on September 21, 1761, named for William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, a British politician and orator. Bath was the founder of the political faction known as the Patriot Whigs, in opposition to the government of Robert Walpole.
Nicholas Kehoe
Nicholas Bernard Kehoe III (May 28, 1943 – December 18, 2022) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force (USAF) who served as a fighter pilot during the Vietnam War. His last active duty assignment was as the Inspector General of the Air Force, Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. After over 34 years of military service, Kehoe continued in public service as the Assistant Inspector General in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). As of March 1, 2003, he became the President and CEO of the Medal of Honor Society.

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the secretary of housing and urban development, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
Pat Moss
Patricia Ann Moss-Carlsson (née Moss; 27 December 1934 – 14 October 2008) was one of the most successful female auto rally drivers of all time, achieving three outright wins and seven podium finishes in international rallies. She was crowned European Ladies' Rally Champion five times (1958, 1960, 1962, 1964–65). Her older brother Stirling Moss was a Formula One Grand Prix star during the 1950s.  From 1963 until her death in 2008, Swedish rally driver Erik Carlsson was both her driving-partner and her husband.

She is the author of a memoir The Story So Far (1967) and, with her husband, co-author of The Art and Technique of Driving (1965).

Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition, has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as early as 1894. It quickly evolved from simple road races from one town to the next, to endurance tests for car and driver. Innovation and the drive of competition soon saw speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), but because early races took place on open roads, accidents occurred frequently, resulting in deaths both of drivers and of spectators. A common abbreviation used for Grand Prix racing is "GP" or "GP racing".

The Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus, founded in Paris, on 20 June 1904, reorganised as Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), in 1947, headquartered in Paris. Each event of the Formula One World Championships is still called a Grand Prix; Formula One is also referred to as "Grand Prix racing". Some IndyCar championship races are also called "Grands Prix".
1890 Stamford by-election
The 1890 Stamford by-election was held on 7 March 1890, when the incumbent Conservative MP John Lawrance resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Queen's Bench division of the High Court of Justice. The by-election was won by the Conservative Party candidate Henry Cust.

John Lawrance
Sir John Compton Lawrance, PC (30 May 1832 – 5 December 1912) was an English judge and Conservative Party politician. He was Conservative MP for South Lincolnshire from 1880 to 1885 and for Stamford from 1885 until 1890, when he was appointed to the High Court, where he served until 1912.

One of Lord Halsbury's political appointments to the bench as Lord Chancellor, Lawrance acquired a degree of notoriety for his incompetence as a judge, at least in commercial cases. His conduct of one commercial action was said to be so inept that it was credited with the creation of the Commercial Court, earning him the moniker "the Only Begetter of the Commercial Court". He was, however, said to be a good criminal judge and was personally well-liked.
Berlin-Pankow-Heinersdorf station
Pankow-Heinersdorf is a railway station in the Pankow district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn lines S2, S8, and S26. It is also served by BVG tram route 50. It serves the Heinersdorf region to the north of the centre of Pankow.

S8 (Berlin)
S8 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Wildau to Birkenwerder over:

the Görlitz line, opened in 1866 and electrified in 1929,

the Ring line, completed in 1877 and electrified in 1926,

the Outer ring, completed on 22 November 1952 and electrified for the S-Bahn in 1962,

and a short section of the Prussian Northern line, opened on 10 July 1877 and electrified on 8 August 1925.
Narycus
Narycus or Narykos (Ancient Greek: Νάρυκος), or Naryx (Νάρυξ), or Naryca or Naryka (Νάρυκα), or Narycium, was a town of the Opuntian Locrians, the reputed birthplace of Ajax, son of Oileus, who is hence called by Ovid "Narycius heros". In 395 BC, Ismenias, a Boeotian commander, undertook an expedition against Phocis, and defeated the Phocians near Naryx of Locris, whence we may conclude that Narycus was near the frontier of Phocis. In 352 BC, Narycus was taken by Phayllus, the Phocian commander. As Locri in Bruttium in Italy was, according to some of the ancients, a colony of Narycus, the epithet of Narycian is frequently given to the Bruttian pitch.

Its location is near the modern Rengini.

Locri
Locri is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy. Its name derives from that of the ancient Greek region of Locris. Today it is an important administrative and cultural center on the Ionian Coast and within its province.
Fonck (surname)
Fonck is a surname. Notable people with this surname are:

Bernard Fonck (born 1973), Belgian equestrian

Catherine Fonck (born 1968), Belgian nephrologist and politician

Raymond Fonck (born 1951), American Physicist and Professor

Cecilia Bolocco Fonck (born 1965), Miss Universe 1987

Johny Fonck (1920–2008), Luxembourgish athlete

René Fonck (1894–1953), French World War I flying ace

René Fonck (canoeist) (1923–2018), Luxembourgish sprint canoer

René Fonck
Colonel René Paul Fonck (27 March 1894 – 18 June 1953) was a French aviator who ended the First World War as the top Entente fighter ace and, when all succeeding aerial conflicts of the 20th and 21st centuries are also considered, Fonck still holds the title of "all-time Allied Ace of Aces". He received confirmation for 75 victories (72 solo and three shared) out of 142 claims. Taking into account his probable claims, Fonck's final tally could conceivably be nearer 100 or above. He was made an Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1918 and later a Commander of the Legion of Honor after the war, and raised again to the dignity of Grand Officer.
2006 Polish local elections
The 2006 Polish local elections were held in two parts. with its first round on 12 November and the second on 26 November  2006. In the election's first round, voters chose 39,944 gmina councillors, 6,284 powiat councillors and 561 deputies to provincial voivodeship sejmiks. Additionally, 2,460 city and town mayors, borough leaders and other officials were decided by direct or runoff elections in the second round. The elections were seen as a test to the government of Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński, whose coalition between his own Law and Justice party and its junior coalition partners, the Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland and the League of Polish Families, had undergone a severe crisis two months prior.

Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [kaˈʑimjɛʂ mart͡ɕiŋˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ] ⓘ; born 20 December 1959) is a Polish conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland from 31 October 2005 to 14 July 2006. He was a member of the Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS).
Union of Postal Communications Employees
The Union of Postal Communications Employees is a Canadian public employee labour union.

On March 1, 1967, the Post Office Component, whose origin goes back to the convention meeting of the Railway Mail Clerks in Ottawa in November 1966, joined the Public Service Alliance of Canada. At the Postal Communications Component convention in Halifax in August 1975, the delegates voted to change the name of their component to the Union of Postal Communications Employees (UPCE).

UPCE has members in 2 different bargaining units. The largest of these is the Canada Post group with approximately 2,600 members. The other bargaining unit is situated in British Columbia and these approximately 120 members are employed by Purolator Courier Ltd. The Purolator bargaining unit members perform clerical and administrative duties.

Purolator Inc.
Purolator Inc. is a Canadian courier majority owned by Canada Post. It was founded as Trans Canada Couriers, Ltd and acquired in 1967 by Purolator, a US manufacturer of oil and air filters.  In 1987, the company returned to Canadian ownership. Although it retained the Purolator name, it has had no connection with the oil filter business since that time.
Arkansas Museum of Natural Resources
The Arkansas Museum of Natural Resources is a museum and Arkansas state park in Smackover, Arkansas, in the United States. The museum was formed in the 1980s to tell the history of the petroleum industry and later the brine industry as key economic movements spurred by natural resources in South Arkansas.

South Arkansas
South Arkansas lies within the southernmost portions of Arkansas Gulf Coastal Plain and Delta regions. It encompasses the lower 15 counties of the state. The region is historically associated with timber, oil, and agriculture, and culturally shares many characteristics with neighboring areas of North Louisiana and East Texas.
Sultan Dam
The Sultan Mahmud Dam, locally called Band-e Sultan (Dari: بند سلطان), is an embankment dam located on the Ghazni River in the Jaghatu District of Maidan Wardak Province in eastern Afghanistan. It has importance for residents of both Maidan Wardak and neighboring Ghazni Province. Its reservoir has the capacity to irrigate around 10,000 ha (25,000 acres) of agricultural land.

The Sultan Dam was built during the Ghaznavids era in the 10th century, in memory of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. It has the potential to meet electricity needs of 50,000 families.

The barrage collapsed in March 2005, leading to catastrophic flooding of the city of Ghazni, which is located about 30 km (19 mi) to the south. The Sultan Dam attracts many tourists, particularly locals and residents of nearby provinces.

Provinces of Afghanistan
The provinces of Afghanistan (Pashto and Dari: ولايت wilāyat) are the primary administrative divisions of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. There are 34 provinces in Afghanistan. Each province encompasses a number of districts or usually over 1,000 villages.

Provincial governors played a critical role in the reconstruction of the Afghan state following the creation of the new government under Hamid Karzai. According to international security scholar Dipali Mukhopadhyay, many of the provincial governors of the western-backed government were former warlords who were incorporated into the political system.
Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich
Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich (Jewish Community of Zürich), commonly shortened to ICZ, is a united Orthodox Jewish community, located in the city of Zürich, in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland. Consisting of approximately 2,500 members, the ICZ is the largest Jewish community in Switzerland. The community worships at Synagoge Zürich Löwenstrasse in Zürich-City,  operates a community center with a kindergarten and Jewish library in Zürich-Enge, and is responsible for two cemeteries (Unterer and Oberer Friesenberg).

Altstadt (Zurich)
The Altstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaltˌʃtat] ⓘ, lit. 'old town') in the Swiss city of Zurich encompasses the area of the entire historical city before 1893, before the incorporation of what are now districts 2 to 12 into the municipality, over the period 1893 to 1934. Die Altstadt approximately corresponds to the area enclosed by the former city ramparts, and is today within the administrative area of the city called Kreis 1 (District 1).

With a population of 5,617 (as of 2015), it houses about 1.4% of the city's total population.

Administratively, District 1 is divided into four parts or quarters by the Zurich statistical office, Rathaus (town hall), Hochschulen (universities), Lindenhof ("lime trees courtyard") and City. Lindenhof and Rathaus correspond to the parts of the medieval city left (west) and right (east) of the Limmat, respectively, while City and Hochschulen include the area of the Early Modern city west and east of the medieval walls, respectively.