hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guido Bodländer
Guido Bodländer (31 July 1855 – 25 December 1904) was a German chemist.

After graduating from the University of Breslau in 1882, he became an assistant to Moritz Traube (1826–1894) in his laboratory at Breslau. Afterwards, he served as a pharmacology assistant in Bonn (1883–86) and later worked at the mineralogical institute in Clausthal (1887–1899). From 1897 to 1899 he worked at the institute of physical chemistry in Göttingen, and in 1899 became a professor of chemistry in Braunschweig. He was in line to succeed Walther Nernst (1864–1941) as chair of physical chemistry at the University of Göttingen, however Bodländer died at the age of 49 prior to attaining the position.

With Richard Abegg (1869–1910), he introduced a theory of "electo-affinity". Also, he is credited with the invention of a Gasgravimeter (gas gravimeter).

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Kin W. Moy
Kin Wah Moy (born 1966) is an American diplomat and holds the diplomatic rank of career minister. He is the first Chinese-American to hold the post as director of the American Institute in Taiwan. Having served in the Department of State and several diplomatic outposts, he was the director of the American Institute in Taiwan, the de facto embassy of the United States in Taiwan, from 2015 to 2018.

Order of Brilliant Star
Order of Brilliant Star (Chinese: 景星勳章; pinyin: Jǐng xīng xūnzhāng) is a civilian order of the Republic of China (Taiwan) recognizing outstanding contributions to the country's development. The order was instituted in 1941 and can be awarded to both domestic and foreign nationals.
Raimon Obiols
Josep Maria "Raimon" Obiols i Germà (born 5 August 1940, in Barcelona) is a Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), part of the Party of European Socialists. He is a high-ranking-member of the PSOE Catalonia wing, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC). Obiols began his political career in 1977 when he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Barcelona Province serving until 1984, when he resigned after being elected to the Parliament of Catalunya.

Parliament of Catalonia
The Parliament of Catalonia (Catalan: Parlament de Catalunya, IPA: [pəɾləˈmen də kətəˈluɲə]; Spanish: Parlamento de Cataluña; Occitan: Parlament de Catalonha) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The Parliament is currently made up of 135 members, known as deputies (diputats/deputats/diputados), who are elected for four-year terms or after extraordinary dissolution, chosen by universal suffrage in lists of four constituencies, corresponding to the Catalan provinces. The Parliament building is located in Ciutadella Park, Barcelona.

Established in 1932, after the granting of self-governance to Catalonia by the Second Spanish Republic, it went to exile in 1939 as a consequence of the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War. It was reestablished in 1979 during the transition to democracy. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 12 May 2024.
Chisapani, Ramechhap
Chisapani, Ramechhap  is a village development committee in Ramechhap district in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3,058 people living in 579 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Phạm Văn Đổng
Phạm Văn Đổng (listenⓘ; October 25, 1919 – November 26, 2008) was a South Vietnamese general. A staunch nationalist and anti-communist, he was considered an ally to several Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (Việt Quốc) factions, multiple Đại Việt groups, Việt Nam Cách Mạng Đồng Minh Hội (Việt Cách) high-ranking members, Duy Dân and Hòa Hảo leaders.

Ninh Bình province
Ninh Bình (Vietnamese pronunciation: [nīɲ ɓìɲ]) is a province of Vietnam in the Red River Delta region. The province is known for natural and cultural attractions, including reserved parks in Cúc Phương National Park and Vân Long, grotto caves and rivers in Tràng An, Tam Cốc-Bích Động and Múa Caves, historic monuments in the Hoa Lư ancient capital, Vietnam's largest Buddhist worshipping complex (Bái Đính Temple), and the Phát Diệm Cathedral with "eclectic architectural style".
Thomas Elfe
Thomas Elfe (1719 - November 28, 1775) was an English interior designer and ébéniste (cabinetmaker).

Born and trained in London, he immigrated to America in the 1740s, settling permanently in Charleston, South Carolina. The socio-economic context of the region enabled him to prosper. He invented, designed and marketed quality furniture appreciated by wealthy families. An entrepreneur with innovative methods, he became the most famous furniture craftsman in colonial America in the 18th century. Examples of his work are now on display in many American monuments and museums.

1740s
The 1740s (pronounced "seventeen-forties") decade ran from January 1, 1740, to December 31, 1749. Many events during this decade sparked an impetus for the Age of Reason. Military and technological advances brought one of the first instances of a truly global war to take place here, when Maria Theresa of Austria’s struggle to succeed the various crowns of her father King Charles VI led to a war involving nearly all European states in the War of the Austrian Succession, eventually spilling over to North America with the War of Jenkins’ Ear (which went on to involve many of the West’s first ferocious maritime battles). Capitalism grew robust following the fallout of the South Sea bubble two decades prior and the subsequent reign of Sir Robert Walpole, whose rule ended in the earlier half of this decade.
2015 SCTV Awards
The 2015 SCTV Awards honored popular Indonesian television programming and music. The 2015 edition was held at Studio 6 Emtek City in Daan Mogot, West Jakarta, on November 28, 2015. The ceremony was hosted by Andhika Pratama, Gading Marten, Audi Marissa, and Uus and was broadcast live on SCTV. Attendees included Syahrini, Five Minutes, CJR, Shae and many others.

Nominations were made by the public through SMS messages. A set of judges then determined the winners. SCTV added three categories to this year's awards: Most Famous Television Film, Most Famous Movie and Most Famous Infotainment. They had a special category: Most Popular Foreign Program, which was awarded to Turkish TV series program Elif.

Daan Mogot
Major Daniel Elias Mogot (28 December 1928 – 25 January 1946) was a military officer involved in the Indonesian National Revolution. He was part of a group that established the Tangerang Military Academy and became its first director. He was killed during the Lengkong incident, an attempt to disarm a Japanese army depot in Lengkong.
Chamberlin Inn
The Chamberlin Inn is a historic Cody, Wyoming hotel and landmark, known famously as the hotel where Ernest Hemingway stayed and finished his manuscript, Death in the Afternoon. Located at 1032 12th Street in downtown Cody, Wyoming  the small boutique hotel is 21 units made up of a series of suites, rooms, cottage and garden studios, as well as the Court House Residence, all within a brick and wrought iron courtyard.

Death in the Afternoon
Death in the Afternoon is a non-fiction book written by Ernest Hemingway  about the history, ceremony and traditions of Spanish bullfighting, published in 1932. It also contains a deeper contemplation on the nature of fear and courage. While essentially a guide book, there are three main sections: Hemingway's work, pictures, and a glossary of terms.
Roland Venables Vernon
Roland Venables Vernon, CB, (1877-1942) was a civil servant with the Colonial Office.

He attended Balliol College, Oxford, 1895-99.

In 1924 he was Assistant Secretary, Middle East Department of  the Colonial office, and in the New Years Honours List he was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath.

He was a member of the Palestinian Currency Board in which capacity he signed the bank notes issued by this body.

In 1929 he was appointed by the Colonial Office to the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux with responsibility for the colonies, protectorates and mandated territories.

Palestine pound
The Palestine pound or Palestine lira (Arabic: جُنَيْه فِلَسْطَينِيّ [junayh filastini]; Hebrew: פונט פלשתינאי [funt' palestinā'iy] or לירה פלשתינאית [lira palestināy'it]; symbol: £P), was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948, and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 and 23 June 1952, until it was replaced with the Israeli pound.

The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar, and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950. In the Gaza Strip, the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951, when it was replaced back with the Egyptian pound.
David Peter Battaglia
David Peter Battaglia (January 21, 1931 – February 1, 2017) was an American educator and politician.

Born in Buhl, Minnesota, Battaglia went to Martin Hughes High School in Buhl, Minnesota. He received his associate degree from Mesabi Range College, in Virginia, Minnesota. Battaglia received his bachelor's degree from St. Cloud State University in industrial arts education and social studies. He also went to graduate school at the University of Minnesota Duluth. Battaglia moved to Two Harbors, Minnesota in 1953 and was an industrial arts teacher. Battaglia served on the Two Harbors City Council and as mayor of Two Harbors, Minnesota. Battaglia was a Democrat. From 1977 to 1995, Battaglia served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. Battaglia died at a hospital in Duluth, Minnesota.

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.
Sengkalat
Sengkalat is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 147.1 kilometres (91.4 mi) east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Merunjau 0 kilometres (0.0 mi) north

Sanggau 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north

Ajong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Nanga Kron 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Nanga Tapih 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north

Sanggau Regency
Sanggau Regency (Chinese: 桑高; Hakka: Sîang-ngau) is a regency in the north-central section of  West Kalimantan province of Indonesia. On 18 December 2003, the regency's eastern portion was split off to create a new regency called  Sekadau, leaving Sanggau with an area of 12,857.7 km2 (4,964.39 sq mi). As of the 2020 census, Sanggau Regency had a population of 484,836; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 510,415 (comprising 264,174 males and 246,238 females). Alongside the Landak, Sekadau, and Sintang regencies, it is one of four West Kalimantan regencies with a predominantly Catholic populations.
Nigel Corbet Fletcher
Nigel Corbet Fletcher (3 August 1877 – 21 December 1951) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in St Pancras, London, Fletcher gained three rugby blues with Cambridge University in the late 1890s and was subsequently capped four times as a forward for England, from 1901 to 1903.

Fletcher, a Hampstead physician, had a long association with St John Ambulance, which he joined as a surgeon in 1916. He was made a Commander of the Order of St John for his service and became their surgeon-in-chief in 1932.

St Pancras, London
St Pancras (/ˈpæŋkrəs/) is a district in North London. It was originally a medieval ancient parish and subsequently became a metropolitan borough. The metropolitan borough then merged with neighbouring boroughs and the area now forms around half of the modern London Borough of Camden.

The area of the parish and borough extends nearly four miles in a north-south axis, between Islington in the east and Marylebone and Hampstead in the west. It takes in the sub-districts of Camden Town, Kentish Town, Gospel Oak, Somers Town, King's Cross, Chalk Farm, Dartmouth Park, the core area of Fitzrovia and a part of Highgate.
Hexestrol
Hexestrol, sold under the brand name Synestrol among others, is a nonsteroidal estrogen which was previously used for estrogen replacement therapy and in the treatment of certain hormone-dependent cancers as well as gynecological disorders but is mostly no longer marketed. It has also been used in the form of esters such as hexestrol diacetate (brand name Sintestrol) and hexestrol dipropionate (brand name Hexanoestrol). Hexestrol and its esters are taken by mouth, held under the tongue, or via injection into muscle.

Hormone-sensitive cancer
A hormone-sensitive cancer, or hormone-dependent cancer, is a type of cancer that is dependent on a hormone for growth and/or survival. Examples include breast cancer, which is dependent on estrogens like estradiol, and prostate cancer, which is dependent on androgens like testosterone.

Hormones can cause some tumors to grow and spread, which are so-called hormone-sensitive or hormone-dependent cancer. If a tumor is hormone-sensitive, it means that there are special proteins called receptors on cells surface. When the hormone binds to a matched receptor, it results in the growth and spread of cancer cells.
Section 81 of the Constitution of Australia
Section 81 of the Constitution of Australia creates a "consolidated revenue fund", money collected by the Commonwealth through taxation and other levies.  The way this money may be collected is regulated by Section 51 of the Constitution. Notable legal decisions decided by the High Court of Australia about section 81 include "the Pharmaceutical Benefits case"

Consolidated Fund
In many states with political systems derived from the Westminster system, a consolidated fund or consolidated revenue fund is the main bank account of the government.  General taxation  is taxation paid into the consolidated fund (as opposed to hypothecated taxes earmarked for specific purposes), and general spending is paid out of the consolidated fund.
Abayomi Olonisakin
Abayomi Gabriel Olonisakinlistenⓘ CFR psc(+) GSS CMH fwc (born 2 December 1961) is a retired Nigerian Army general, former Chief of Defence Staff, and current Nigerian Ambassador to the Republic of Cameroon.  He was appointed to the position of Chief of Defence Staff on 13 July 2015 by President Muhammadu Buhari. He resigned from office on 29 January 2021.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Nigeria
Nigerian National Honours are a set of orders and decorations conferred upon Nigerians and friends of Nigeria every year. They were instituted by the National Honors Act No. 5 of 1964, during the First Nigerian Republic, to honour Nigerians who have rendered service to the benefit of the nation.

These honours are distinct from the honours that are part of the country's ancient chieftaincy system, which is a separate (but also legally defined) entity. National Honours are the highest honours or awards that a citizen can receive from their country for service to the country.
Mongolia at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Mongolia competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's tenth appearance at the Olympics, except the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, because of its partial support to the Soviet boycott.

The Mongolian National Olympic Committee sent a total of 20 athletes, 13 men and 7 women, to compete in 7 different sports, tying its delegation count with Sydney four years earlier. In the wake of Munkhbayar Dorjsuren's transfer to the German team, three Mongolian athletes had previously competed in Sydney, including shooter Otryadyn Gündegmaa in the women's pistol events. Judoka and world champion Damdinsürengiin Nyamkhüü was appointed by the committee to become Mongolia's flag bearer in the opening ceremony, dressed in a traditional costume.

After failing to achieve a single Olympic medal from Sydney, Mongolia left Athens with only a bronze from twenty-year-old judoka Khashbaataryn Tsagaanbaatar on the first day of the Games.

Damdinsürengiin Nyamkhüü
Damdinsürengiin Nyamkhüü (Mongolian: Дамдинсүрэнгийн Нямхүү; born September 25, 1979, in Ulaanbaatar) is a Mongolian judoka.

Participating at the 2004 Olympics, he was stopped in the round of 32 by Gabriel Arteaga of Cuba.

He won the gold medal in the half-middleweight (81 kg) category of the 2006 Asian Games, having defeated Almas Atayev of Kazakhstan in the final match.

He currently resides in Ulaanbaatar.
Xu Yongyue
Xu Yongyue (Chinese: 许永跃; pinyin: Xǔ Yǒngyuè; born July 1942) is a retired Chinese intelligence officer who served as the second Minister of State Security (MSS) from March 1998 to August 2007. A princeling born to Communist Party (CCP) elite, Xu rose to prominence after serving over a decade as private secretary (mishu) to Chen Yun, the most senior of the Eight Elders and the leading hard-liner of late 20th century China. After nine years as Minister of State Security, Xu's career ended unceremoniously in 2007 amid a number of scandals, most prominently a sex scandal which ensnared several senior party officials. The tightening of Sino-Russian intelligence cooperation is regarded as his most notable contribution. He has been accused of corruption, and involvement in human rights abuses including directing the persecution of religious minorities, extrajudicial killings, and executions of prisoners of conscience by organ harvesting.

Extrajudicial killing
An extrajudicial killing (also known as an extrajudicial execution or an extralegal killing) is the deliberate killing of a person without the lawful authority granted by a judicial proceeding. It typically refers to government authorities, whether lawfully or unlawfully, targeting specific people for death, which in authoritarian regimes often involves political, trade union, dissident, religious and social figures. The term is typically used in situations that imply the human rights of the victims have been violated. Deaths caused by legal police actions (such as self defense) or legal warfighting on a battlefield are generally not included, even though military and police forces are often used for killings seen by critics as illegitimate. The label "extrajudicial killing" has also been applied to organized, lethal enforcement of extralegal social norms by non-government actors, including lynchings and honor killings.
So Fresh, So Clean
"So Fresh, So Clean" is a song by American hip-hop duo Outkast from their fourth studio album, Stankonia (2000). It was produced by longtime collaborators Organized Noize. The song reached number 30 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in October 2020.

Organized Noize
Organized Noize is an American production duo from Atlanta, Georgia, currently composed of Ray Murray and Sleepy Brown. Initially a trio, the team included Dungeon Family co-founder Rico Wade until his death in 2024.
Louis Du Bois (Huguenot)
Louis Du Bois (21 October 1626 – 1696) was a Huguenot colonist in New Netherland who, with two of his sons and nine other refugees, founded the town of New Paltz, New York. These Protestant refugees fled Catholic persecution in France, emigrating to the Rhenish Palatinate (in present-day Germany) and then to New Netherland, where they settled in Wiltwyck (present day Kingston, New York) and Nieuw Dorp (present-day Hurley, New York, settlements midway between New Amsterdam (present day New York City) and Beverwyck (today known as Albany, New York) before ultimately founding New Paltz.

Beverwijck
Beverwijck (/ˈbɛvərwɪk/ BEV-ər-wik; Dutch: Beverwijck), often written using the pre-reform orthography Beverwyck, was a fur-trading community north of Fort Orange on the Hudson River within Rensselaerwyck in New Netherland that was renamed and developed as Albany, New York, after the English took control of the colony in 1664.
Waitakere Hospital
Waitakere Hospital is a general hospital located in the Henderson/Lincoln area of the New Zealand city of Auckland. It is administered by Te Whatu Ora and provides health services to residents in the North Shore, Waitakere and Rodney districts of Auckland. It has 392 beds, including coronary care beds, a maternity unit and a surgical unit with 3 operating theatres. The hospital's Emergency Department is open to both adult and paediatric patients 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Te Whatu Ora
Health New Zealand – Te Whatu Ora is the primary publicly funded healthcare system of New Zealand. It was established by the New Zealand Government to replace the country's 20 district health boards (DHBs) on 1 July 2022. Health New Zealand is charged with working alongside the Public Health Agency to manage the provision of healthcare services in New Zealand.
Linda K. Epling Stadium
Linda K. Epling Stadium is a baseball field in Beckley, West Virginia.   It opened in 2010. The field was built by the Epling family after it sold out its interests in the coal business. The stadium seats 2,500. It is used by the West Virginia Miners of the Prospect League and the WVU Tech Golden Bears. The facility has also been the home to select games of the Marshall University baseball team from 2010 to 2018, and was the home for select West Virginia University games in 2013

The stadium is about 40 miles (64 km) from the Donald M. Epling Stadium, WVU Tech's former baseball facility in Montgomery, which was also funded by the family.

West Virginia University Institute of Technology
West Virginia University Institute of Technology (WVU Tech, WVIT, WVU Beckley, or West Virginia Tech) is a public college in Beckley, West Virginia. It is a divisional campus of West Virginia University.
Tamlaght, County Fermanagh
Tamlaght (from Irish Tamhlacht, meaning 'burial pit, consisting of "támh", meaning plague, and "leacht", meaning grave or memorial stone') is a townland (of 185 acres) and  village in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, 4.5 km south-east of Enniskillen. It is situated in the civil parish of Derryvullan and the historic barony of Tirkennedy. In the 2021 Census it had a population of 341 people.

Enniskillen
Enniskillen (/ˌɛnɪsˈkɪlən/ EN-iss-KIL-ən, from Irish: Inis Ceithleann [ˈɪnʲɪʃ ˈcɛlʲən̪ˠ], 'Ceithlenn's island') is the largest town in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is in the middle of the county, between the Upper and Lower sections of Lough Erne. It had a population of 14,086 at the 2021 census. Enniskillen Castle was built in the 15th century as a stronghold of the Maguires, before coming under English control in the early 17th century. The castle and town were expanded during the Plantation of Ulster. It was the seat of local government for the former Fermanagh District Council, and is the county town of Fermanagh. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.