hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI; transl. Association of German Engineers) is an organisation of about 135,000 engineers and natural scientists. More than 12,000 honorary experts process the latest technical findings each year to promote the technology location. Established in 1856, it is the largest engineering association in Western Europe.
Its role in Germany is comparable to that of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in the United States or Engineers Australia (EA) in Australia, but includes broader field work. It is not a union, but promotes the advancement of technology and represents the interests of engineers and engineering businesses in Germany.

Carl von Linde
Carl Paul Gottfried von Linde (11 June 1842 – 16 November 1934) was a German scientist, engineer, and businessman. He discovered the refrigeration cycle and invented the first industrial-scale air separation and gas liquefaction processes, which led to the first reliable and efficient compressed-ammonia refrigerator in 1876.

Linde was the founder of the company now known as Linde plc but formerly known (variously) as the Linde division of Union Carbide, Linde, Linde Air Products, Praxair, and others. This company is the world's largest producer of industrial gases and ushered in the creation of the global supply chain for industrial gases.

Linde was a member of scientific and engineering associations, including being on the board of trustees of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. He was knighted in 1897 as Ritter von Linde.
David Whyte (tennis)
David Whyte is an Australian former professional tennis player.

Whyte, who had a best world ranking of 355, qualified for two grand slam main draws during his career. At the 1978 Australian Open he was beaten in the first round by world number 21 Wojtek Fibak and at the 1979 Wimbledon Championships he lost his first round match to Ricardo Ycaza over four sets. He finished up on tour in 1980.

1979 Wimbledon Championships
The 1979 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 25 June until 7 July. It was the 93rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1979.

This edition was the first to introduce the tiebreak with the scores at 6–6 instead of 8–8.
Marco Polo (2014 TV series)
Marco Polo is an American drama television series inspired by Marco Polo's early years in the court of Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The show premiered on Netflix on December 12, 2014. The series was created by John Fusco and stars Lorenzo Richelmy in the title role, with Benedict Wong as Kublai Khan. It was produced by The Weinstein Company. On January 7, 2015, Marco Polo was renewed by Netflix for a 10-episode second season, which premiered on July 1, 2016.

On December 12, 2016, Netflix announced that they had canceled Marco Polo after two seasons. Sources told The Hollywood Reporter that the two seasons resulted in a $200 million loss for Netflix, and the decision to cancel was jointly taken by Netflix and The Weinstein Company.

Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Kazakh: Қаған/Qağan, Middle Mongol:ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ; Khaan or Khagan; Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣 Qaɣan) is a title of imperial rank in Turkic, Mongolic, and some other languages, equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The female equivalent is Khatun.

It may also be translated as "Khan of Khans", equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Turkic, the title became Khaan with the g sound becoming almost silent or non-existent; the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. After the division of the Mongol Empire, monarchs of the Yuan dynasty and the Northern Yuan held the title of Khagan. Kağan, Hakan and Kaan, Turkish equivalents of the title are common Turkish names in Turkey.

The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is a translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
Kartlewko
Kartlewko [karˈtlɛfkɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przybiernów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

In the 960s the area became part of Poland after Mieszko I defeated the local Slavic tribes. From 1871 to 1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Goleniów County
Goleniów County (Polish: powiat goleniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Nowogard, lying 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and Maszewo, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Goleniów.

The county covers an area of 1,616.99 square kilometres (624.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,738, out of which the population of Goleniów is 22,448, that of Nowogard is 16,745, that of Maszewo is 3,073, and the rural population is 36,472.
Kozárov
Kozárov is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Kozárov lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Blansko, 30 km (19 mi) north-west of Brno, and 163 km (101 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Griffith Waratah Tigers
The Griffith Waratah Tigers are a rugby league football club based in the town of Griffith, in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Since 1964 the club has competed in Group 20 in South Western NSW, which is governed by the NSW Rugby League (formerly Country Rugby League) The Waratah Tigers are the most successful team in the history of Group 20, winning 13 First Grade premierships.

Country Rugby League
The Country Rugby League of New South Wales (CRL), formed in 1934 and disbanded in 2019, was the governing body for the sport of rugby league football in areas of New South Wales outside the Sydney metropolitan area until it merged with NSW Rugby League in 2019. The CRL was superseded by 6 NSWRL Country Divisions represented by 4 members of the nine-person NSWRL board. Despite its name, the CRL also governed rugby league in the Australian Capital Territory. Apart from selecting a Country Origin side to play in the annual City vs Country Origin game, the CRL administered many senior and junior competitions across the state.
Triangle, Virginia
Triangle is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population was 9,589 at the 2020 census. It is bounded to the south by the Marine Corps Base Quantico, which surrounds the town of Quantico. Part of the National Capital Region, it is approximately 32 miles southwest of Washington, D.C.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.
Lake Van Arsdale
Lake Van Arsdale, also known as Van Arsdale Reservoir, is a reservoir on the Eel River in California, part of the Potter Valley Project. Located in Mendocino County, 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the town of Potter Valley, California, the reservoir supplies water to users as far south as Marin County.

The reservoir is formed by the Cape Horn Dam, also known as Van Arsdale Dam, which impounds the waters of the Eel River. A portion of its water (154,000 acre-feet (190,000,000 m3) per year, on average) is diverted southward through an aqueduct tunnel to a powerhouse in Potter Valley, where it drives a turbine capable of generating up to 9.4 MW of electric power. Diverted water then descends by means of the Powerhouse Canal and East Fork Russian River to Lake Mendocino, which supplies the Sonoma County Water Agency.  The non-diverted flow continues down the Eel to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean near Fortuna.

Sonoma Water
Sonoma Water, formerly known as the Sonoma County Water Agency, maintains a water transmission system that provides naturally filtered Russian River water to more than 600,000 residents in portions of Sonoma County, California and Marin County, California. The Water Agency is a water wholesaler that sells potable water to nine cities and special districts that in turn sell drinking water to their residents. These cities and special districts are: the City of Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park, Cotati, Petaluma, Sonoma, the Town of Windsor, Valley of the Moon Water District, Marin Municipal Water District, and North Marin Water District.
Thijs Vermeulen
Thijs Vermeulen (born March 11, 1985) is a Dutch former basketball player. He was a long-time member of the DBL team Matrixx Magixx, which led to fans giving him the nickname "Mr. Magixx". Vermeulen played as shooting guard and was well known for his three point shooting qualities. After Magixx went bankrupt and left competition in 2014, he retired.

Vermeulen played in three games for the Netherlands men's national basketball team after making his debut on 5 September 2007 against Albania.

Netherlands men's national basketball team
The Netherlands men's national basketball team (Dutch: Het Nederlands nationaal basketbalteam) represents the Netherlands in international basketball matches. The national team is governed by Basketball Nederland.

The Dutch have reached the European Basketball Championship on 16 occasions. Their best results at the event came in 1983, where they finished in fourth place. They have also qualified for the FIBA World Cup once, in 1986. However, in recent years the national team has struggled to maintain consistency to reach major international tournaments.

The team represents itself as the Orange Lions.
Los Roques Archipelago
The Los Roques Archipelago (Spanish: Archipiélago de Los Roques) is a federal dependency of Venezuela consisting of approximately 350 islands, cays, and islets in a total area of 40.61 km2 (15.68 sq mi). The archipelago is located 128 km (80 mi) directly north of the port of La Guaira, in the Caribbean Sea.

The islands' pristine coral reef attracts many wealthy visitors, especially from Europe, some of whom come in their own yachts and anchor in the inner, protected shallow waters. Development and tourism are controlled.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
Jina, Sibiu
Jina (German: Sinna; Hungarian: Zsinna) is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania, in the Cindrel Mountains, 44 km (27 mi) west of the county seat, Sibiu, in the Mărginimea Sibiului ethnographic area. It is composed of a single village, Jina.

The commune is located in the southwestern part of Sibiu County; it borders Alba County to the west and Vâlcea County to the south. Close-by towns are Sebeș at 38 km (24 mi), Săliște at 24 km (15 mi), and Miercurea Sibiului at 20 km (12 mi). Jina is crossed by county road DJ106E, which branches off national road DN1 in Cristian and joins the Transalpina road (DN67C) in Șugag.

Transalpina (DN67C)
The Transalpina or DN67C is a 148 km national road located in the Parâng Mountains group, Southern Carpathians of Romania, one of the highest roads of the Carpathian Mountains. It connects Novaci, south of Parâng Mountains, to Sebeș in the north. It is the highest road in Romania, having the highest point in Urdele Pass (at 2,145 m). Transalpina traverses four counties – Gorj, Vâlcea, Sibiu, Alba – crossing the Parâng Mountains from south to north. The highest altitude is reached on a segment of about 20 km (12 mi), in Vâlcea County, passing a short distance from the peaks of Dengheru (2,084 m), Păpușa (2,136 m), Urdele (2,228 m), Iezer (2,157 m), and Muntinu (2,062 m).

Transalpina is a Latin name, used in old Latin texts of Țara Românească, meaning "the country beyond the mountains".

Being a high altitude mountain road it is closed during the winter, it stays open from mid May to mid October (depending on the weather) and only during daytime (08:00–20:00).
Katie Bell (diver)
Katie Bell (born February 5, 1988) is an American diver from Columbus, Ohio.

Bell competed in the Women's 10 m platform event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She qualified for her place after classifying 2nd in the 2012 United States Trials, behind teammate Brittany Viola. After reaching ninth place in the preliminary round, she only managed to attain the 16th position in the semifinal and hence was eliminated from the event.

Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre platform
The women's 10 metre platform diving competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place on 8 and 9 August at the Aquatics Centre within the Olympic Park. Chen Ruolin successfully defended her Olympic title ahead of Australia's Brittany Broben by over 50 points. Pandelela Rinong won Malaysia's first Olympic medal in a sport other than badminton as well as Malaysia's first female Olympic medalist.

The competition comprised three rounds:

Preliminary round: All 26 divers perform five dives; the top 18 divers advance to the semi-final.

Semi-final: The 18 divers perform five dives; the scores of the qualifications are erased and the top 12 divers advance to the final.

Final: The 12 divers perform five dives; the semi-final scores are erased and the top three divers win the gold, silver and bronze medals accordingly.
Tea Tooala Peato
Tea Tooala Peato (born ~1940) is a Samoan politician.

Peato is from Sa'asa'ai in the district of Faʻasaleleaga and has worked as a businessman. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa at the 1982 election. He was re-elected at the 1985 election but lost his seat in 1988. After taking a break from politics he ran again at the 1996 election and was elected for another term as a member of the Samoan National Development Party. He lost his seat again at the 2001 election, and subsequently spent several years working in a hardware store. He ran unsuccessfully at the 2016 election.

Peato contested the April 2021 election as a candidate for the Fa'atuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi and was again elected to parliament according to preliminary results. On 28 July 2021 he was appointed Associate Minister of Health. On 17 January 2025 he was fired as an associate minister by prime minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa after supporting her expulsion from the FAST party.

1985 Western Samoan general election
General elections were held in Western Samoa on 22 February 1985. Voting was restricted to matai and citizens of European origin ("individual voters"), with the matai electing 45 MPs and Europeans two. The result was a victory for the Human Rights Protection Party, which won 31 seats. Its leader, Tofilau Eti Alesana, remained Prime Minister.
John Stevenson Stubbs
Captain John Stevenson Stubbs DFC AFC was an English First World War flying ace credited with 11 official victories. He was a pioneering bomber pilot who was the war's leading ace for the British Airco DH.9. He also carried off the rather unusual feat of destroying an enemy observation balloon with a bomber.

Flying officer
Flying officer (Fg Off or F/O) is a junior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the UK Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Flying officer is one rank above pilot officer and one below flight lieutenant.

It is equivalent to the rank of sub-lieutenant in the navy and lieutenant in other services.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force was "Section Officer" before this organisation adopted common ranks with male officers.
Sarcolobus globosus
Sarcolobus globosus is a twining shrub native to tropical regions of Asia including India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar-Burma, the Philippines and Indonesia.

In India the plant is found in the  mangrove forests of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Sundarbans and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Traditional practices in these regions use the leaves and rhizomes as medicine; and the seeds are poisonous and used as bait to kill dogs and wild animals.

Isoflavone
Isoflavones are a type of naturally occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals. Isoflavones occur in many plant species, but are especially high in soybeans.

Although isoflavones and closely related phytoestrogens are sold as dietary supplements, there is little scientific evidence for either the safety of long-term supplementation or of health benefits from these compounds. Some studies indicate that isoflavone supplementation may help lower the risk of hormone-related cancers.
Liu Jian (Volkswagen)
Liu Jian (刘坚) was the head of Shanghai Volkswagen, a joint venture with Volkswagen and the largest producer of cars in China. He was killed during a test drive in China on July 19, 2010. Four others were killed in the crash.

In 2008, Liu introduced the concept of renewable resources to the manufacture of cars in China and worked to make Volkswagen the official vehicle of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

SAIC Volkswagen
SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Co., Ltd., formerly known as Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive Co., Ltd. is an automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Anting, Shanghai, China and a joint venture between SAIC Motor and Volkswagen Group. It was founded in 1984 and produces cars under the Volkswagen, Škoda and Audi marques. It is the second automobile manufacturing joint venture in China after American Motors and the first German car manufacturer to enter China.

The joint venture is made up of equity from SAIC Motor (50%), Volkswagen AG (40%), Volkswagen (China) Invest (10%), with a fixed-term venture for 45 years up until 2030. It is the first of three joint ventures operated by Volkswagen in China, alongside FAW-Volkswagen with FAW Group and Volkswagen Anhui with JAC Group.
1999 European Aquatics Championships
The 1999 European Long Course Championships were a swimming competition held in Istanbul, Turkey from Monday 26 July to Sunday 1 August, in the 50 m pool of the Ataköy Olympic Pool Stadium. The 24th edition of the event was organised by the LEN.

The Istanbul championships resulted in two world and eight European records.

Alongside swimming (long course), the aquatics disciplines of diving, synchronised swimming and open water swimming were held. Water polo was no longer part of the LEN European Aquatics Championships from 1999 and separate European Water Polo Championship was held in Florence, Italy.

For the first time, the 50 m backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly were contested.

European Aquatics
European Aquatics (formerly French: Ligue Européenne de Natation, English: European Swimming League, popularly known by its acronym LEN) is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

European Aquatics comprises 52 national swimming federations in Europe, and includes Israel which for Olympic-sport purposes is grouped with Europe. European Aquatics is overseen by an elected Bureau (board) composed of Members representing 17 different Federations. European Aquatics oversees aquatic sports in Europe: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.
2026 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
The 2026 Red Bull Rookies Cup will be the twentieth season of the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup and fourteenth year contested by the riders on equal KTM 250cc 4-stroke Moto3 bikes. It is the first season that a world champion (Beñat Fernández) is driving in the Red Bull Rookies Cup.

Beñat Fernández
Beñat Fernández Etxeberria (born 19 November 2007), nicknamed "Pelontxu", is a Spanish  motorcycle racer. In October 2025 he was crowned winner of the 2025 Supersport 300 World Championship with Team#109 Retro Traffic Kove. He also competed in the 2025 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup season and is set to stay in the same category for 2026.

Fernández is managed and mentored by Efrén Vázquez, former Grand Prix motorcycle racer.
Swanam Sathi
Swanam Sathi (Nepali: स्वनाम साथी, actual name Shashi Sherchan), was a Nepali communist leader and political activist who contributed to progressive political and cultural movements in Nepal.Up to 2047 BS he was known by the name Suman.

Proletarian Communist League
Proletarian Labours League (Nepali: सर्वहारा श्रमिक लीग) was a communist group in Nepal. It published (proletarian) Sarvhara (सर्वहारा) as its central organ.

The group emerged around 1980, from one section of the disintegrating Ati Gopyatabadi Group. The organisation condemned the 1980 referendum as a ploy to divert the people from the potential armed struggle. Then educated communist followers and ideologist like Ghanashayam Poudel from Chitwan, renowned writer Khagendra Sangraula, leader as well as writer Ram Nath Sharma 'Aakhil" and his brother Laxmi Nath Sharma, Bhim Parsad Gautam, author Ishwor Shrestha were some of the founder member of this group. They kept the name league with the plan that they will merge into one of the communist parties ultimately. With this thought around 1983 the group formed the Proletarian Workers Organisation together with Ruplal Bishvakarma (who had broken away from the Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation).
Friedrichs's inequality
In mathematics, Friedrichs's inequality is a theorem of functional analysis, due to Kurt Friedrichs. It places a bound on the Lp norm of a function using Lp bounds on the weak derivatives of the function and the geometry of the domain, and can be used to show that certain norms on Sobolev spaces are equivalent. Friedrichs's inequality generalizes the Poincaré–Wirtinger inequality, which deals with the case k = 1.

Weak derivative
In mathematics, a weak derivative is a generalization of the concept of the derivative of a function (strong derivative) for functions not assumed differentiable, but only integrable, i.e., to lie in the Lp space .

The method of integration by parts holds that for smooth functions  and  we have

A function u' being the weak derivative of u is essentially defined by the requirement that this equation must hold for all smooth functions  vanishing at the boundary points ().