hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of music in the United States (1850–1879)
This timeline of music in the United States covers the period from 1850 to 1879. It encompasses the California Gold Rush, the Civil War and Reconstruction, and touches on topics related to the intersections of music and law, commerce and industry, religion, race, ethnicity, politics, gender, education, historiography and academics. Subjects include folk, popular, theatrical and classical music, as well as Anglo-American, African American, Native American, Irish American, Arab American, Catholic, Swedish American, Shaker and Chinese American music.

Edward Harrigan
Edward Harrigan (October 26, 1844 – June 6, 1911) was an Irish-American actor, singer, dancer, playwright, lyricist and theater producer who, together with Tony Hart (as Harrigan & Hart), formed one of the most celebrated theatrical partnerships of the 19th century. His career began in minstrelsy and variety but progressed to the production of multi-act plays full of singing, dancing and physical comedy, making Harrigan one of the founding fathers of modern American musical theatre.
Interactions of actors theory
In information theory, Interactions of actors theory is a theory developed by Gordon Pask and Gerard de Zeeuw. It is a generalisation of Pask's earlier conversation theory: The chief distinction being that conversation theory focuses on analysing the specific features that allow a conversation to emerge between two participants, whereas interaction of actor's theory focuses on the broader domain of conversation in which conversations may appear, disappear, and reappear over time.

Petri net
A Petri net, also known as a place/transition net (PT net), is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems.  It is a class of discrete event dynamic system. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph that has two types of elements: places and transitions. Place elements are depicted as white circles and transition elements are depicted as rectangles. 
A place can contain any number of tokens, depicted as black circles. A transition is enabled if all places connected to it as inputs contain at least one token.
Like industry standards such as UML activity diagrams, Business Process Model and Notation, and event-driven process chains, Petri nets offer a graphical notation for stepwise processes that include choice, iteration, and concurrent execution. Unlike these standards, Petri nets have an exact mathematical definition of their execution semantics, with a well-developed mathematical theory for process analysis.
Kraskovo, Moscow Oblast
Kraskovo (Russian: Краско́во) is an urban locality (a suburban (dacha) settlement) in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia.  Population:  21,250 (2010 Census); 11,930 (2002 Census); 13,806 (1989 Soviet census). Its elevation is 421 meters (1,381 ft) above sea level. Dialing code: +7 495 (formerly +7 095).

Lyuberetsky District
Lyuberetsky District (Russian: Любере́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast east of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is 122.31 square kilometers (47.22 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Lyubertsy. Population: 265,113 (2010 Census);  255,720 (2002 Census); 139,730 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Lyubertsy accounts for 65.1% of the district's total population.
Gary Suter
Gary Lee Suter (born June 24, 1964) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played over 1,000 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1985 and 2002. He was a ninth round selection of the Calgary Flames, 180th overall, at the 1984 NHL entry draft and played with Calgary for nine years. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's top rookie in 1986, played in four All-Star Games and was a member of Calgary's Stanley Cup championship team in 1989. He was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks in 1994, then to the San Jose Sharks in 1998, with whom he finished his career.

Suter represented the United States internationally on numerous occasions. He appeared in two World Championships and two Canada Cup tournaments. He was a member of the American team that won the inaugural World Cup of Hockey in 1996 and was a two-time Olympian, winning a silver medal in 2002. Suter is an honored member of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame, inducted in 2011.

NHL All-Star Game
The National Hockey League All-Star Game (French: Match des étoiles de la Ligue nationale de hockey) is an exhibition ice hockey tournament that is traditionally held during the regular season of the National Hockey League (NHL), with many of the League's star players playing against each other. The games' proceeds benefit the pension fund of the players, and the winning team is awarded $1,000,000 towards a charity of their choice.

The NHL All-Star Game, held in late January or early February, marks the symbolic halfway point in the regular season, though not the mathematical halfway point which, for most seasons, is usually one or two weeks earlier. Between 2007 and 2020, it was held in late January. It was skipped in 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2022 to 2024 editions were held on the first Saturday of February. The 2026 All-Star Game was skipped in favor of allowing players to focus on participating in the 2026 Winter Olympics.
Edward E. Hammer
Edward E. Hammer (December 27, 1931 – July 16, 2012) was an engineer who was at the forefront of fluorescent lighting research. His technological contributions in incandescent, fluorescent and HID light sources earned him over 35 patents.

He received his bachelor's degree from Manhattan College in 1954.

During the energy crisis of the 1970s, he led the development of General Electric’s pioneering energy-efficient lamp.  He led the development of the Watt Miser (marketed as the F-40 Watt Miser), which was released in 1973. In 1976, he invented the first compact fluorescent lightbulb, but due to the difficulty of the manufacturing process for coating the interior of the spiral glass tube, GE did not manufacture or sell the device. Other companies began manufacturing and selling the device in 1995.  The Smithsonian Institution houses Hammer's original CFL prototype.

Hammer is an IEEE Fellow and the 2002 IEEE Edison Medal winner.

Manhattan University
Manhattan University (previously Manhattan College) is a private, Catholic university in New York City, New York, US. Originally established in 1853 by the De La Salle Christian Brothers (Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools) as an academy for day students, it was later incorporated as an institution of higher education through a charter granted by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1922, it moved from Manhattan to the Riverdale section of the Bronx, roughly 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north of its original location on 131st Street in Manhattanville.
Tuuri
Tuuri is a village in Töysä, since 2013 part of Alavus, a town of Finland. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the South Ostrobothnia region. The village has a population of 500. In Modern Finnish the appellative tuuri means 'luck'.

The village is known for the second biggest department store in Finland, Veljekset Keskinen. The massive golden horseshoe erected over the shopping mall stands at number three in Reuters' list of world's ugliest buildings and monuments.

Western Finland Province
Western Finland (Finnish: Länsi-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Västra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Oulu, Eastern Finland and Southern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Bothnia towards Åland. Tampere was the largest city of the province.
Harbord Collegiate Institute
Harbord Collegiate Institute (HCI or Harbord) is a public secondary school located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school is located in the Palmerston-Little Italy-Annex neighbourhood, situated on the north side of Harbord Street, between Euclid Avenue and Manning Avenue. From the 1920s to the 1950s, about 90 percent of the student body was Jewish, while today the student body largely consists of students of East Asian and Portuguese descent.

Shopsy's
Shopsy's is a Jewish delicatessen restaurant chain in the Greater Toronto Area and a brand name owned by Maple Leaf Foods for a line of meat products. Originally a deli in the former Toronto Jewish area on Spadina Avenue from 1921 to 1983, it moved to Toronto's entertainment and business districts on Yonge and Front Streets in 1983. In the late 1940s, the business expanded into the production of deli meat products for both the home and business markets. Today, the main Deli is located at Toronto's Sheraton Centre and Maple Leaf Foods continue to sell Shopsy's branded hot dogs.
2001 AIG Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 2001 AIG Japan Open Tennis Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo in Japan that was part of the International Series Gold of the 2001 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 2001 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from October 1 through October 7, 2001. Lleyton Hewitt and Monica Seles won the singles titles.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.
Rita Bentley
Rita Bentley (16 July 1931 - 26 October 2016), Rita Lauder after marriage, was a British tennis player of the 1950s and 1960s. She also played field hockey and represented the England women's national team.

A native of Blackpool, Bentley was a member of Great Britain's 1966 Wightman Cup team, in a squad which included Ann Haydon-Jones and Virginia Wade. She was used for the deciding doubles rubber, which the Americans won.

Bentley twice reached the singles round of 16 at Wimbledon and was the All England Plate winner in 1961. Other career titles include the Queen's Club in 1962 and the Canadian Championships in 1966. She was a singles quarter-finalist at both the 1963 Australian Championships and 1967 U.S. National Championships.

1966 Wightman Cup
The 1966 Wightman Cup was the 38th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in England in the United Kingdom.
Plantagenet (radio plays)
Plantagenet is a three-series sequence of BBC Radio 4 radio plays by the British dramatist Mike Walker, broadcast in the Classic Serial strand, based on the account of the Plantagenet dynasty in Holinshed's Chronicles. Each series consisted of three weekly episodes, the first premiering from 14 February 2010, the second from 29 May 2011 and the third from 1 April 2012.

Paul Moriarty (actor)
Paul Moriarty (born 19 May 1946) is a British actor. He is best known for playing Det. Sgt. Jake Barrett in the ITV police series The Gentle Touch (1980–1984) and George Palmer in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (1996–1998). Known for having a strong cockney accent, Moriarty has often been cast in police or criminal roles and has played police officers in ten different television shows throughout his career.
Sandwell General Hospital
Sandwell General Hospital was an acute teaching hospital of the Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust in West Bromwich, England and provides an extensive range of general and specialist hospital services.

It was closed, along with the trust's City Hospital, upon the opening of Midland Metropolitan University Hospital in October 2024.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Princess Lida of Thurn and Taxis
Lida, Princess Victor of Thurn and Taxis (née Lida Eleanor Nicolls; July 28, 1875 – December 6, 1965), also styled as Princess Lida of Thurn and Taxis, was an American millionairess, socialite, and the wife of Prince Victor of Thurn and Taxis. She was well known for her involvement in several highly publicized legal disputes, making her a fixture in newspapers such as The New York Times. The first such dispute was with former New York showgirl Josephine Moffitt, who claimed to be the legal spouse of Prince Victor using the name "Josephine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis" and the second was with Bernard Francis S. Gregory, who sued her for $50,000, alleging she had slandered him.

Showgirl
A showgirl is a female performer in a theatrical revue who wears an exotic and revealing costume and in some shows may appear topless. Showgirls are usually dancers, sometimes performing as chorus girls, burlesque dancers or fan dancers, and many are classically trained with skills in ballet.

The French view the term showgirl as an American idiomatic expression. Some strip clubs and some strippers use the term showgirl as part of their business name.
Unleashed, Uncensored, Unknown
Unleashed, Uncensored, Unknown is a 2003 mockumentary about the beginnings of American metal band Fozzy. Telling their story about going to Japan and becoming huge rock stars and when they returned to the United States after 20 years, all the big bands, such as Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, and Twisted Sister had "stolen" their songs. The main video also contains appearances by Zakk Wylde, Dee Snider, Sebastian Bach, and Mike Portnoy.  Within the DVD, you also get music videos for "With the Fire", "Crucify Yourself" live, band bios, guitar lessons from Rich Ward aka The Duke, and behind the scenes footage.

Mike Portnoy
Michael Stephen Portnoy (born April 20, 1967) is an American musician best known as the drummer, backing vocalist, and co-founder of the progressive metal band Dream Theater.

In September 2010, Portnoy announced his departure from Dream Theater after 25 years, with Mike Mangini succeeding him as the band’s drummer. In October 2023, 13 years after his departure, the band announced his return. Both before and during his time away from Dream Theater, Portnoy remained active with a variety of bands and projects, including Adrenaline Mob, Avenged Sevenfold, Transatlantic, Yellow Matter Custard, Flying Colors, the Winery Dogs, Liquid Tension Experiment, Metal Allegiance, Sons of Apollo, the Neal Morse Band, and BPMD.
Synanthedon colchidensis
Synanthedon colchidensis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is restricted to the Caucasus Mountains.

The larvae feed on Abies nordmanniana. They live in swellings caused by a fungus. In springtime, the larva constructs a very characteristic exit tube from the root to ground level.

Sesiidae
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.

The family consists of 165 genera spread over two subfamilies, containing in total 1525 species and 49 subspecies, most of which occur in the tropics, though there are many species in the Holarctic region as well, including over a hundred species known to occur in Europe.: Backcover, 6
Caprice No. 16 (Paganini)
Caprice No. 16 in G Minor is one of Niccolò Paganini's 24 Caprices.  The meter is triple meter.  The caprice consists of a continuous stream of 16th notes. The duration is approximately one and a half minutes.

Triple metre
Triple metre (US: triple meter; also known as triple time) is a musical metre characterised by a primary division of 3 beats to the bar, usually indicated by 3 (simple) or 9 (compound) in the upper figure of the time signature, with 34, 38 and 98 being the most common examples. In these signatures, beats form groups of three, establishing a triple meter feel in the music or song. The upper figure being divisible by three does not of itself indicate triple metre; for example, a time signature of 68 usually indicates compound duple metre, and similarly 128 usually indicates compound quadruple metre.

Shown below are a simple and a compound triple drum pattern.
Daniel Egyin
Daniel Egyin (born 5 November 1990) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as defender for Ghana Premier League side Medeama S.C. He previously played for and captained both Sekondi Hasaacas and Bechem United.

Ghana Football Association
The Ghana Football Association (GFA) is the governing body of association football in Ghana, based in the capital city, Accra. Founded in 1957 to replace the Gold Coast Football Association which was founded in 1935, it organizes and governs Ghana's football leagues, football cup competitions and national teams.

On 7 June 2018, the GFA was dissolved by the former Minister of Sport, Isaac Kwame Asiamah, after the discovery of corruption in the association through investigative videos which later made up Anas Aremeyaw Anas' Number 12 exposé. In October 2019, Kurt Okraku, was elected as GFA's new president after reconvention upon the completion of the work of the FIFA Normalization Committee. Mark Addo was later elected vice president in November 2019. Kurt Okraku was re-elected for a second term as GFA President during their 2023 Elective Congress in Tamale, Ghana.
Mahlasela Pass
The Mahlasela pass is a tarred pass in the Maloti mountains of Lesotho, reaching a height of 3222 meters. It is one of two passes that links the town of Butha-Buthe with the diamond mining town of Mokhotlong, the other pass being the Moteng pass. Heavy snowfalls frequently close the pass in winter. The only skiing resort in Lesotho, Afriski is situated here. It is considered to be the highest road pass in Southern Africa.

Mokhotlong
Mokhotlong (Sotho: Mokhotlong) is a constituency, city and seat of Mokhotlong District in the mountainous northeastern part of Lesotho. It is the first major city with an airport along the road from South Africa across the Sani Pass, near the Maloti (Drakensberg in South Africa) Mountains. The name of the city is named in Sesotho, the language of the people of Lesotho, meaning "Place of the Bald Ibis." Thabana Ntlenyana, the highest point in southern Africa, is found in the district.
Dale Appleby
Dale Appleby (born 19 December 1986) is a Welsh former road racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2006 and 2016. He represented Wales in the 2006 Commonwealth Games. In 2006 he rode for Recycling.co.uk and in 2007 he rode for the Italian V.C. Seano One Team. In 2010 he was with Team Raleigh and won the Welsh Road Race Championship.

Appleby joined the new NFTO squad for the 2014 season.

Vitus Pro Cycling Team p/b Brother UK
Vitus Pro Cycling Team p/b Brother UK (UCI team code: VIT) was a British UCI Continental cycling team. From 2010 to 2017, the team was sponsored by the Raleigh Bicycle Company, before Vitus took over the naming rights in 2018.
Horodnia, Pryluky Raion, Chernihiv Oblast
Horodnia is a village in Pryluky Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Ichnia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is about 448 people.

Until 18 July 2020, Horodnia belonged to Ichnia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five. The area of Ichnia Raion was merged into Pryluky Raion.

The remains of the settlement (Hillfort) site of the Kievan Rus' period (IX-XIII centuries) have been preserved on the territory of the village.
The village was found in its mid-seventeenth century. In 1648 the Cossack Sotnia was established in the village, which was part of the Pryluks regiment.

Chernihiv Oblast
Chernihiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Чернігівська область, romanized: Chernihivska oblast), also referred to as Chernihivshchyna (Ukrainian: Чернігівщина), is an oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Chernihiv. There are 1,511 settlements in the oblast, with a total population of 959,315 (2022 estimate).
Field marshal (Iraq)
Field marshal (Arabic: مهيب, romanized: Muhib) was a five–star officer rank and the highest attainable rank in the Iraqi Armed Forces. Field marshal ranks immediately above colonel general, but is now generally considered to be obsolete. The rank was typically conferred ex officio upon the head of state of Iraq (typically either upon the King of Iraq or upon the President of Iraq). The last known person to be conferred this rank was former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein.

Officer
An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French oficier "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French officier), from Medieval Latin officiarius "an officer," from Latin officium "a service, a duty" the late Latin from officiarius, meaning "official."
By the Way, Greenhalgh-with-Thistleton
By the Way is a historic building in Greenhalgh-with-Thistleton, Lancashire, England. It is believed to date to the late 17th century, and has been designated a Grade II listed building by Historic England. The property is located on the A585 Fleetwood Road.

The building is a cottage in rendered brick with a thatched roof.  It has two storeys, the original part having two bays with lean-to extensions on the right and at the rear.  There is a later two-storey single-bay extension to the left.  Most of the windows are casements, with sliding sash windows in the upper floor, and all the windows have ornamental external shutters.

Casement window
A casement window is a window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside. Casement windows are often held open using a casement stay. Windows hinged at the top are referred to as awning windows, and ones hinged at the bottom are called hoppers.