hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fraunhofer diffraction equation
In optics, the Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of waves when the diffraction pattern is viewed at a long distance from the diffracting object, and also when it is viewed at the focal plane of an imaging lens.

The equation was named in honour of Joseph von Fraunhofer although he was not actually involved in the development of the theory.

This article gives the equation in various mathematical forms, and provides detailed calculations of the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern for several different forms of diffracting apertures, specially for normally incident monochromatic plane wave. A qualitative discussion of Fraunhofer diffraction can be found elsewhere.

Joseph von Fraunhofer
Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer (/ˈfraʊnˌhoʊfər/; German: [ˈfraʊnˌhoːfɐ]; 6 March 1787 – 7 June 1826) was a German physicist and optical lens manufacturer. He made optical glass, an achromatic telescope, and objective lenses. He developed diffraction grating and also invented the spectroscope. In 1814, he discovered and studied the dark absorption lines in the spectrum of the sun now known as Fraunhofer lines.

The German research organization Fraunhofer Society, which is Europe's biggest Society for the advancement of applied research, is named after him. Fraunhofer lines are used in astronomy to determine the composition of celestial bodies. His epitaph reads Aproximavit sidera, Latin for 'He brought closer the stars.'
A New Idea of India
A New Idea of India: Individual Rights in a Civilisational State is a 2020 book authored by Harsh Madhusudhan and Rajeev Mantri. Published by Westland Publishers, the book is a narrative focusing on various issues like secularism, capitalism, Indian civilisation, decolonisation, individualism etc.

Its foreword is written by economist Sanjeev Sanyal and it was recommended by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Sanjeev Sanyal
Sanjeev Sanyal (born 27 August 1970) is an Indian economist and popular historian known for writing books based on revisionist Hindutva history which lack scholarly backing. A member of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India, he has helped prepare six editions of the Economic Survey of India and has represented India at G7 and OECD meetings. He is also the Chancellor of Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, and has written several books on Indian history to mixed reviews.
La casa de los famosos season 4
The fourth season of the American Spanish-language reality television series La casa de los famosos premiered on January 23, 2024, with a live move-in on Telemundo. The show follows a group of celebrities living in a house together while being constantly filmed with no communication with the outside world as they compete to be the last competitor remaining to win the grand prize of $200,000. This is the first season that rewards the second and third place celebrity, who will receive $100,000 and $50,000 respectively.

The season was announced on April 11, 2023. Jimena Gallego returned as co-host of the series. Héctor Sandarti did not return as co-host and was replaced by Nacho Lozano. This season, Manelyk González returns as panelist for Sunday episodes, joined by Horacio Villalobos, and Anette Cuburu. The season concluded on May 20, 2024, after 119 days of competition with Maripily Rivera being crowned the winner, and Rodrigo Romeh the runner-up.

Héctor Sandarti
Héctor Sandarti is a Guatemalan television host and actor who was the host of the Spanish-language version of Deal or No Deal (called Vas o No Vas) on the Telemundo Network in the United States. He held similar duties in 2004–2006 for a Mexican version which aired on Televisa. He also worked in Hospital el paisa with Galilea Montijo. He has also hosted "Vida TV" for the TV network as well as a Mexican version of Big Brother. Plus, he has also worked in "Fantástico Amor" with Galilea Montijo. announcing duties included Atinale al Precio (Mexico's version of The Price Is Right) in 2000 and the comedy show Objetos Perdidos.
Life Inside
Life Inside: A Memoir is a 2002 memoir by Mindy Lewis that describes her time as a teenager in a New York psychiatric hospital in the late 1960s. Published by Atria Publishing Group, the book was reviewed in a number of publications.

Atria Publishing Group
Atria Publishing Group is a general interest publisher and a division of Simon & Schuster. The publishing group launched as Atria Books in 2002. The Atria Publishing Group was later created internally at Simon & Schuster to house a number of imprints including Atria Books, Atria Trade Paperbacks, Atria Books Espanol, Atria Unbound, Washington Square Press, Emily Bestler Books, Atria/Beyond Words, Cash Money Content, Howard Books, Marble Arch Press, Strebor Books, 37 Ink, Keywords Press and Enliven Books. Atria is also known for creating innovative imprints and co-publishing deals with African-American writers as well as known for experimenting with digital or non-traditional print formats and authors.

As of 2021, Libby McGuire is the Publisher and Senior Vice President of the Atria Publishing Group.
Mount Coolum National Park
Mount Coolum is a hill in Mount Coolum National Park in a suburb of the same name in Queensland, Australia.  Mount Coolum is located on the Sunshine Coast, 101 km north of Brisbane. It lies between the Sunshine Motorway to the west, the shoreline to the east, Coolum Beach township to the north and Marcoola township to the south.

Sunshine Motorway
The Sunshine Motorway is a thirty-three kilometre Australian motorway on the Sunshine Coast region of Queensland, just north of Brisbane. It was initially a tolled motorway before these were removed in 1996 after excessive complaints regarding the need of a toll. It is part of State Route 70, which extends north a further 12.3 kilometres to Noosaville.
Pasqual Sanchis Moscardó
Pasqual Sanchis Moscardó (born 1963 in El Genovés) was a Valencian pilota professional player known as Pigat II. Son of the Raspall player Pigat I and brother of Pigat III, Pasqual has been a renowned "dauer" in the Escala i corda variety. He retired in 2000, but he keeps working for the Valencian Pilota Federation as the coach of the Valencian Pilota Squad, where he was a relevant player in the International Championships. Pigat II is also a technical assistant of the pilota company ValNet, and a "trinqueter" of some trinquets.

Escala i corda
Escala i corda (Valencian: [esˈkala j ˈkɔɾða], also [esˈkala j ˈkɔɾðɔ]; "stairs and rope") is the most prestigious variant of Valencian pilota, and the only one apart from raspall to have professional players.
Anand Giridharadas
Anand Giridharadas (/ˈɑːnənd ˌɡɪrɪˌdɑːrəˈdɑːs/) is an American journalist and political pundit. A former columnist for The New York Times, he is the author of four books: India Calling: An Intimate Portrait of a Nation's Remaking (2011), The True American: Murder and Mercy in Texas (2014), Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World (2018), and The Persuaders: At the Front Lines of the Fight for Hearts, Minds, and Democracy (2022).

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
2021–22 Ford Trophy
The 2021–22 Ford Trophy was the 51st season of The Ford Trophy, the List A cricket tournament that was played in New Zealand. It was the eleventh in a sponsorship deal between New Zealand Cricket and Ford Motor Company. The tournament ran from November 2021 to February 2022. In July 2021, New Zealand Cricket named all the squads for the domestic teams ahead of the 2021–22 season, and confirmed the fixtures in September 2021. Canterbury were the defending champions.

Following the completion of matches played on 20 February 2022, Central Districts were the first team to reach the final of the tournament. They were joined by Auckland, who beat Otago in their penultimate group match to secure their berth in the final. In the final, Auckland beat Central Districts by eight wickets to win the tournament.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
U-matic
3⁄4-inch Type E Helical Scan or SMPTE E is an analog recording videocassette format marketed by Sony Electronics Corporation, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. (Panasonic) and Victor Co. of Japan (JVC). It was initially developed by Sony and shown as a prototype in October 1969, refined and standardized among the three manufacturers in March 1970, and introduced commercially in September 1971 by Sony. The format was branded U-matic by Sony, U-Vision by Panasonic and U-VCR by JVC, referring to the U-shaped tape path as it threads around the video drum.

The format was among the earliest video formats to house videotape inside a cassette, replacing the reel-to-reel systems common at the time. The format uses 3⁄4-inch-wide (19 mm) tape, earning it the nickname "three-quarter-inch" or simply "three-quarter," in contrast to larger open-reel formats like 1 in (25 mm) Type C videotape and 2 in (51 mm) quadruplex videotape.

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.
1964–65 Duleep Trophy
The 1964–65 Duleep Trophy was the fourth season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

West Zone won the title, defeating Central Zone in the final.

East Zone cricket team
The East Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents eastern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of six first-class Indian teams from eastern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Assam, Bihar, Bengal (West Bengal), Jharkhand, Odisha and Tripura.

East Zone has won the Duleep Trophy twice in the 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons, as well as the Deodhar Trophy four times in the 1992/93, 1993/94, 1996/97 and 2003/04 seasons.
On verra (Nekfeu song)
"On verra" (French for 'We'll see') is a song by French hip hop artist Nekfeu and produced by BLV. It was released on May 1, 2015, as the second single from his debut studio album Feu. It entered the French Singles Chart at number 36 on May 9, 2015, and peaked at number 13.

Nekfeu
Ken Samaras (Greek: Κεν Σαμαράς, Ken Samarás; born 3 April 1990), better known by his stage name Nekfeu (French pronunciation: [nɛk.fø]), is a French rapper, actor and record producer.

He is also a member of the crew L'entourage and the bands $-Crew and 1995. He started his career as a member of $-Crew, with childhood friends Framal, Mekra, 2zer Washington and DJ Elite. He joined 1995 in 2007, participating in open mic duels around Paris.

Released in 2015, his first solo album, Feu, received extensive media coverage; for this album, he won the 2016 Victoire de l'album de musiques urbaines. His second album, Cyborg, was released in 2016, and his third, Les Étoiles vagabondes, in 2019.

Over the course of his career, he has sold over 2 million albums, and holds two diamond discs and a double diamond disc.
Anita Fatis
Anita Fatis (born 10 September 1963) is a French Paralympic swimmer who competes in backstroke and freestyle swimming events in international level events. She is also a political candidate to become a mayor of Thionville.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
John Reith, 1st Baron Reith
John Charles Walsham Reith, 1st Baron Reith (/ˈriːθ/; 20 July 1889 – 16 June 1971) was a Scottish broadcasting executive who established the tradition of independent public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. In 1922, he was employed by the BBC, then the British Broadcasting Company Ltd., as its general manager; in 1923 he became its managing director, and in 1927 he was employed as the Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation created under a royal charter. His concept of broadcasting as a way of educating the masses marked for a long time the BBC and similar organisations around the world. An engineer by profession, and standing at 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) tall, he was a larger-than-life figure who was a pioneer in his field.

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
25 Years of Innocence
25 Years of Innocence (Polish: 25 lat niewinności. Sprawa Tomka Komendy) is a 2020 Polish drama film written by Andrzej Golda and directed by Jan Holoubek. It is based on true story of Tomasz Komenda, a young man who was wrongly accused of brutal murder and sentenced to 25 years in prison. The film stars Piotr Trojan as Tomasz, and Agata Kulesza as his mother, Teresa Klemańska.

25 Years of Innocence received critical acclaim and saw commercial success grossing $4,027,477 in box office. At the 2021 Polish Film Awards, 25 Years of Innocence received record 15 nominations, winning seven  awards include for, Best Director, Best Actor (Trojan), Best Actress (Kulesza) and Best Supporting Actor (Frycz). It also received two Awards at the Polish Film Festival.

Polish Academy Award for Best Actor
The Polish Academy Award for Best Actor is an award given out at the annual Polish Film Awards to honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in the Polish film industry. The award is presented by the Polish Film Academy and was first presented in 1999.
Astrothelium diaphanocorticatum
Astrothelium diaphanocorticatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Harrie Sipman. The type specimen was collected by Sipman on Mount Wilhelm (Chimbu Province) at an altitude of 2,900 m (9,500 ft). The lichen has an olive-green to yellowish-green thallus that is strongly convex and swollen (bullate) and partially comprises small (about 1 mm in diameter), roughly spherical globules. The thallus has a thick, clear cortex in which the algal cells can be visualised as green dots. It has roughly spherical ascomata, measuring 0.7–1.3 mm in diameter, which appear singly on the thallus surface, or, in some instances, fused together laterally. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape with three transverse septa, and measure 25–28 by 10–12 μm. The specific epithet diaphanocorticatum alludes to the transparent cortex.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
1900–01 Cisleithanian legislative election
Legislative elections to elect the members of the 10th Imperial Council were held in Cisleithania, the northern and western ("Austrian") crown lands of Austria-Hungary, from December 12, 1900 to January 18, 1901.

Crown land
Crown land, also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in Commonwealth realms, Crown land is considered public land and is not part of the monarch's private estate.
Dan Lanning
Daniel Arthur Lanning (born April 10, 1986) is an American college football coach who serves as the head football coach at the University of Oregon.  He was previously the defensive coordinator and outside linebackers coach at the University of Georgia from 2019 to 2021.

Lanning played college football at William Jewell College as a linebacker from 2004 to 2007. He has held various coaching positions at Park Hill South High School in Kansas City, Missouri, the University of Pittsburgh, Arizona State University, Sam Houston State University, the University of Alabama, the University of Memphis, the University of Georgia and the University of Oregon.

William Jewell Cardinals
The William Jewell Cardinals are the athletic teams that represent the William Jewell College, located in Liberty, Missouri, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division II ranks, primarily competing in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) since the 2011–12 academic year. Prior to joining the NCAA, the Cardinals previously competed in the Heart of America Conference (HAAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1971–72 to 2010–11; and in the Missouri College Athletic Union (MCAU) from 1924–25 to 1970–71.
John McDougall (phthisiologist)
John Bowes MacDougall CBE FRSE FRCPE (1890–1967) was a 20th-century physician and phthisiologist who also was a Scottish international rugby union player who won five caps between 1913 and 1921. He was a world expert in the field of tuberculosis. As an unusual pastime he was interested in rabbit breeding.

Phthisiology
Phthisiology is the care, treatment, and study of tuberculosis of the lung. It is therefore considered a specialisation within the area of pulmonology.

The term derives from the designation by Hippocrates of phthisis (Greek φθίσις) meaning "consumption".
Ravelli
Ravelli is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Ravelli (born 1959), Swedish footballer

Diego Giovanni Ravelli (born 1965), Italian priest

Louise Ravelli (born 1963), Australian linguist

Thomas Ravelli (born 1959), Swedish footballer

Thomas Ravelli
Thomas Ravelli (Swedish: [ˈtʊ̌mːas raˈvɛ̌lːɪ]; born 13 August 1959) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His 21-year professional career was almost exclusively associated with Öster and Göteborg, for whom he appeared in a combined 416 Allsvenskan games. The most-capped player for the Sweden national team for several years, Ravelli represented the nation at the 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cups, and UEFA Euro 1992.
Cheney Clow
Cheney Clow (1734–September 15, 1783) was a loyalist from Delaware Colony during the American Revolution who staged a rebellion against the colonial government that was advocating separation from Great Britain.

Kent County, Delaware
Kent County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Delaware. As of the 2020 census, the population was 181,851, making it the least populous county in Delaware, but the most populous county in the United States to be the least populous in its state. The county seat is Dover, the state capital of Delaware. It is named for Kent, an English county.

Kent County comprises the Dover metropolitan area, which is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area.
Selected Ambient Works 85–92
Selected Ambient Works 85–92 is the debut album by the British electronic music artist and producer Aphex Twin, whose real name is Richard D. James. It was released on 9 November 1992 through Apollo Records, a subsidiary of the Belgian label R&S Records. The album consists of ambient techno James recorded on cassette as early as 1985, when he was 13–14 years old. It received widespread acclaim and entered the Dance Albums Chart at No. 6 in December 1992.

Selected Ambient Works 85–92 is considered a classic, defining work of electronica. Music journalists have credited it with expanding the scope of ambient music and introducing techno to fans of indie music. The website AllMusic described it as "a masterpiece of ambient techno". Selected Ambient Works 85–92 has appeared on best-of lists; in 2012 the UK magazine Fact named it the greatest album of the 1990s.

Fact (UK magazine)
Fact is a music publication that launched in the UK in 2003. It covers UK, US, and international music and youth culture topics, with particular focus on electronic, pop, rap, and experimental artists.

Having started as a bi-monthly print magazine, Fact went digital in 2008, focusing on its website and online TV channel Fact TV, which produces documentaries and videos including the series Against the Clock. In November 2020 it returned to publishing a bi-annual print magazine.

Fact produces weekly Fact Mixes. It previously produced the Singles Club review series, and Make Music, aimed at inspiring producers and bedroom musicians.

Fact operates out of a London office, with additional full-time staff in Los Angeles and New York City. It is part of The Vinyl Factory group.