hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary Jane Warfield Clay
Mary Jane Warfield Clay (January 20, 1815 – April 29, 1900) was an American socialite, suffragist, abolitionist, and political activist. An early leader in the suffrage movement in Kentucky, she began by forming a suffrage club at her home in 1879. Her experience and success as a farm manager included her acute business sense in the middle of the American Civil War. She sold supplies from her farm to both Union and Confederate forces when they each occupied the Commonwealth.

Her most active work in the suffrage movement was to encourage and support her daughters, who would become the most well-known Kentucky suffragists of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
Stan Shaffer
Stanley Howard Shaffer (16 August 1944–10 June 2010) was a contemporary American fashion photographer.

He shot for Vogue, Interview, Bloomingdale's, and Victoria's Secret. Celebrity subjects included David Kennedy, Halston, Mariel Hemingway, and Andy Warhol. Other subjects included actresses and models, such as Carla Bruni, Janice Dickinson, Patti Hansen, Jerry Hall,  Uma Thurman, and Rachel Ward and performers such as Louise Robey (whom he married in 2008), Pete Townshend, and John Phillips with Geneviève Waïte. As a filmmaker, his short films won awards internationally.

Shaffer was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1944. He also grew up in rural Illinois.

Genevieve Waite
Geneviève Joyce Waïte (born Genevieve Joyce Weight, 13 February 1948 – 18 May 2019) was a South African actress, singer, and model. Her best-known acting role was the title character in the 1968 film Joanna. In 1974, she released her only solo album, Romance Is on the Rise, which was produced by her husband, John Phillips of the Mamas & the Papas. Her singing voice has been described as "Betty Boop crossed with Billie Holiday". In 1975, she starred in the short-lived Broadway musical, Man on the Moon, which she co-wrote with Phillips.
Heidi Gansert
Heidi K. Seevers Gansert (born 1963) is an American politician, businessperson, and engineer from the state of Nevada who served in the Nevada Senate, representing the 15th district from 2016 to 2024. She served in the Nevada Assembly from 2004 through 2010, including as Republican leader, and as chief of staff to Governor Brian Sandoval from 2011 through 2012. She is a Republican.

University of Nevada, Reno
The University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada, the University of Nevada, or UNR) is a public land-grant research university in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is the state's flagship public university and primary land grant institution. It was founded on October 12, 1874, in Elko, Nevada.

The university is classified as a doctoral, R1 research university by the Carnegie Classification. In 2018, the university spent $144 million on research and development according to the National Science Foundation. Among its several schools and colleges, the university has a medical school and is home to the Donald W. Reynolds School of Journalism from which six Pulitzer Prize winners have graduated.
Jack White (politician)
John Edgar "Jack" White (July 10, 1925 - September 10, 2002) was a Canadian labour union activist. He was the first elected black representative of the Ironworkers, and one of the first Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) national staff representatives from a minority background.

Born in Truro, Nova Scotia, White was one of the first black Canadians to run for election to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in 1959. He stood as an Ontario New Democratic Party candidate in Dovercourt in the 1963 election. In the early 1960s, White was involved with a Toronto-based newspaper.

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF; French: Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif, FCC) was a federal democratic socialist and social-democratic political party in Canada. The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, agrarian, co-operative, and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. In 1944, the CCF formed one of the first social-democratic governments in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan.

The full, but little used, name of the party was Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Farmer-Labour-Socialist).

In 1961, the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party (NDP).
Trial of Satanta and Big Tree
The trial of Satanta and Big Tree occurred in May 1871 in the town of Jacksboro in Jack County, Texas, United States. This historic trial of Native American war chiefs of the Kiowa Indians Satanta and Big Tree for the murder of seven teamsters during a raid on Salt Creek Prairie near Jacksboro, Texas, marked the first time the United States had tried Native American chiefs in a state court. The trial attracted national and international attention. The two Kiowa leaders, with Satank (Sitting Bear), a legendary third War Chief, were formally indicted on July 1, 1871, and tried shortly thereafter, for acts arising out of the Warren Wagon Train Raid.

Ranald S. Mackenzie
Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, also called Bad Hand, (July 27, 1840 – January 19, 1889) was a career United States Army officer and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was described by General Ulysses S. Grant as its most promising young officer. He also served with great distinction in the following Indian Wars.
Würzburg Hauptbahnhof
Würzburg Hauptbahnhof is a railway station for the city of Würzburg in the German state of Bavaria. It was opened in 1864 to the north of the inner city as a replacement for the former Ludwigsbahnhof (Ludwig's station) in the city centre, the capacity of which had been exhausted by the dramatic increase of rail traffic. Even today, Würzburg station is one of the major stations in Bavaria, since it lies at the intersection of several heavily used rail corridors. In particular, the routes in the north–south direction from Hamburg and Bremen to Munich as well as in west–east direction from the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main to Nuremberg and Vienna. Apart from Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof, Würzburg is the only station in Lower Franconia to be served by Intercity-Express services. With its combination of rail, tram and bus services, the station is the main hub for public transport in the city and the district of Würzburg.

Würzburg (district)
Würzburg is a Landkreis (district) in the northwestern part of Bavaria, Germany.
Neighboring districts are (from the north, clockwise) Main-Spessart, Schweinfurt, Kitzingen, Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, and the district Main-Tauber in Baden-Württemberg. The city Würzburg is not part of the district, although it is completely enclosed by it.
Rommel: The Desert Fox
Rommel: The Desert Fox is a 1950 biography of German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel by Desmond Young. The book was the first biography of Rommel and enjoyed immense popularity, especially in Britain. The book led the Western Allies, particularly the British, to depict Rommel as the "good German" and "our friend Rommel", contributing to the formation of the Rommel myth.

Good German
Good Germans is an ironic term — usually placed between single quotes such as 'Good Germans' — referring to German citizens during and after World War II who claimed not to have supported the Nazi regime, but remained silent and did not resist in a meaningful way. The term is further used to describe those who claimed ignorance of the Holocaust and German war crimes.

Pól Ó Dochartaigh and Christiane Schönfeld edited a volume on different cultural representations of the 'Good German' and state in their introduction: "After the division of Germany in 1949, finding 'good Germans' whose record helped legitimize each of the new German states became a core aspect of building a new nation in Germany and of the propaganda battle in this respect between the two German states."
Ošelj
Ošelj (pronounced [ˈoːʃəl]) is a settlement in the Pohorje Hills in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Pohorje
Pohorje (pronounced [ˈpóːxɔɾjɛ]), also known as the Pohorje Massif or the Pohorje Mountains (German: Bachergebirge, Bacherngebirge or often simply Bachern), is a mostly wooded, medium-high mountain range south of the Drava River in northeastern Slovenia. According to the traditional AVE classification it belongs to the Southern Limestone Alps. Geologically, it forms part of the Central Alps and features silicate metamorphic and igneous rock. Pohorje is sparsely populated with dispersed villages. There are also some ski resorts.
Christianity and ancient Greek philosophy
Christianity and Hellenistic philosophies experienced complex interactions during the first to the fourth centuries.

As Christianity spread throughout the Hellenic world, an increasing number of church leaders were educated in Greek philosophy. The dominant philosophical traditions of the Greco-Roman world then were Stoicism, Platonism, Epicureanism, and, to a lesser extent, the skeptic traditions of Pyrrhonism and Academic Skepticism. Stoicism and, particularly, Platonism were often integrated into Christian ethics and Christian theology.

Pyrrhonism
Pyrrhonism is an Ancient Greek school of philosophical skepticism which rejects dogma and advocates the suspension of judgement over the truth of all beliefs. It was founded by Aenesidemus in the first century BCE, and said to have been inspired by the teachings of Pyrrho and Timon of Phlius in the fourth century BCE.

Pyrrhonism is best known today  through the surviving works of Sextus Empiricus, writing in the late second century or early third century CE. The publication of Sextus' works in the Renaissance ignited a revival of interest in Skepticism and played a major role in Reformation thought and the development of early modern philosophy.
Frank Mennie
Francis Mennie (30 October 1923 – 28 June 1997) was a Scottish footballer who played as a left back for Kilmarnock, Queen's Park (three seasons of unofficial competitions during World War II), Clyde and Portadown (Northern Ireland). He appeared in the 1949 Scottish Cup Final with Clyde, a defeat to Rangers, and claimed the Gold Cup with Portadown in 1953, scoring the winning goal in the final.

Mennie appeared in two unofficial wartime international matches for Scotland in 1945 (the players who travelled to Belgium were all serving armed forces personnel – he was with the Royal Air Force) and was selected once for the Scottish Football League XI against the English Football League XI in 1949.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
2021–22 Maltese Futsal Knockout Cup
2021–22 Maltese Futsal Knockout Cup was a futsal competition in Malta, organized in a single-elimination format. Eleven teams entered the tournament, which began on 13 May 2022 and concluded with the final on 1 June 2022. University of Malta Futsal claimed the title after a 6–2 victory over Luxol in the final.

University of Malta Students' Futsal Team
The University of Malta Students' Futsal Team, known as the University Futsal Team for short, is a futsal team that competes in the Maltese Futsal League. The team previously bore the name of its parent club, Mdina Knights F.C. In 2018, the team won its first silverware in the Maltese Futsal Knockout Cup.
Vehicle registration plates of the Bahamas
The Bahamas requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display a vehicle registration plate. Current plates are North American standard 6 in × 12 in (152 mm × 300 mm). The configuration of the plates is two letters followed by four numbers. At the bottom of the plate is the flag of the Bahamas.

The text of the plates varies by island, with each island or group issuing their own plates.

Vehicle registration plate
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British, Indian, Pakistani English and Australian English), license plate (American English) or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for commercial road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, for hire. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle or vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. There are also electronic license plates.
SilverFast
SilverFast is a family of software for image scanning and processing, including photos, documents and slides, developed by LaserSoft Imaging. There are also other applications for image processing using digital cameras or printers, and for 48-bit raw data image processing.

Plug-in (computing)
In computing, a plug-in (also spelled plugin), add-in (also addin, add-on, or addon) or extension is a software component that extends the functionality of an existing software system without requiring the system to be re-built. A plug-in feature is one way that a system can be customizable.

Applications support plug-ins for a variety of reasons including:

Enable third-party developers to extend an application

Support easily adding new features

Reduce the size of an application by not loading unused features

Separate source code from an application because of incompatible software licenses
IPython
IPython (Interactive Python) is a command shell for interactive computing in multiple programming languages, originally developed for the Python programming language, that offers introspection, rich media, shell syntax, tab completion, and history. IPython provides the following features:

Interactive shells (terminal and Qt-based).

A browser-based notebook interface with support for code, text, mathematical expressions, inline plots and other media.

Support for interactive data visualization and use of GUI toolkits.

Flexible, embeddable interpreters to load into one's own projects.

Tools for parallel computing.

IPython is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project.

Type introspection
In computing, type introspection is the ability of a program to examine the type or properties of an object
at runtime.
Some programming languages possess this capability.

Introspection should not be confused with reflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program to manipulate the metadata, properties, and functions of an object at runtime.  Some programming languages also possess that capability  (e.g.,
Java,
Python,
Julia,
and
Go).
The Fall of the Rebel Angels (Floris)
The Fall of the Rebel Angels is an oil on panel painting by Flemish painter Frans Floris. The painting was the central panel of a triptych. The side panels, however, were lost during the iconoclastic fury in the summer of 1566. The scene represented in the painting stems from Chapter 12 of the Book of Revelation. It is one of Floris' most renowned works, often credited as his most famous painting. Floris painted it for the fencer's guild of Antwerp, one of the city's militias, responsible for public security. The altarpiece hung in the Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp, above the guild's altar. Like every other guild or corporation, the fencers had a patron saint, in this case, the Archangel Michael, who leads God's angels against the rebels in the painting.

The painting is currently housed at the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Malcolm Savidge
Malcolm Kemp Savidge (born 9 May 1946 in Surrey, England) is a politician in the United Kingdom.  He was Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberdeen North, in Scotland, from the 1997 general election until he stood down in the 2005 general election.

Aberdeen North (UK Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen North is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and it elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was first used in the 1885 general election, but has undergone various boundary changes since that date. The seat has been held by Kirsty Blackman of the Scottish National Party since 2015.

At the 2019 general election, the constituency had the largest SNP vote share and relative majority, effectively making it the safest SNP seat, although this majority was heavily reduced at the subsequent 2024 election.

There was also an Aberdeen North constituency of the Scottish Parliament, created in 1999 with the boundaries of the Westminster seat of that time. This constituency was abolished in 2011, its area thereafter being covered by the new constituencies of Aberdeen Donside and Aberdeen Central. (See also Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions.)
Organisation of Trade Unions of West Africa
The Organisation of Trade Unions of West Africa (OTUWA; French: Organisation des syndicats d'Afrique de l'Ouest, Portuguese: Organização dos Sindicatos da África Ocidental) is a coalition of national trade union centres in West Africa. OTUWA was founded in 1983 in Conakry, Guinea, and is currently led by executive secretary John Ejoha Odah.

Conakry
Conakry (/ˈkɒnəkri/ KON-ə-kree, French: [kɔnakʁi]; Susu: Kɔnakiri; N'Ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, romanized: Kɔnakrí; Fula: 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭, romanized: Konaakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2026 Guinea census was 3,407,327.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million, or one-sixth of the country's population.
2014 SARU Community Cup
The 2014 SARU Community Cup (known as the 2014 Cell C Community Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the second season of the SARU Community Cup competition. The qualification to the tournament took place in 2013, while the competition proper was contested in 2014. The tournament is the top competition for non-university rugby union clubs in South Africa.

Gold Cup (rugby union)
The Gold Cup is the premier rugby union club competition in South Africa for non-university teams.

The competition was launched as the SARU Community Cup in 2013 to replace the existing SARU National Club Championships and renamed to the Gold Cup for 2016, when teams from Namibia and Zimbabwe were also included in the competition.
William J. Youden
William John Youden (April 12, 1900 – March 31, 1971), also known as Jack Youden, was an Australian-born American analytical chemist and statistician who formulated new statistical techniques in statistical analysis and in design of experiments. He developed the "Youden square", an incomplete block design developed from a 1937 paper, "Use of Incomplete Block Replications in Estimating Tobacco Mosaic Virus". He also helped to introduce the concept of restricted randomization, which he called constrained randomization. He devised Youden's J statistic as a simple measure summarising the performance of a binary diagnostic test.

American Statistical Association
The American Statistical Association (ASA) is the main professional organization for statisticians and related professionals in the United States. It was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 27, 1839, and is the second-oldest continuously operating professional society in the U.S. behind the Massachusetts Medical Society (founded in 1781). ASA services statisticians, quantitative scientists, and users of statistics across many academic areas and applications. The association publishes a variety of journals and sponsors several international conferences every year.
Mafia hypothesis
In ornithology, the mafia hypothesis is an explanation of why nesting host species do not reject the eggs of brood parasites. The parasite eggs are accepted by the host to avoid retaliation (egg destruction, nest destruction, and/or the killing of nestlings) by the brood parasite, in an example of coevolution.

Amotz Zahavi proposed it in 1979, and it was tested by Manuel Soler in 1995.

Amotz Zahavi
Amotz Zahavi (Hebrew: אמוץ זהבי; August 14, 1928 – May 12, 2017) was an Israeli evolutionary biologist, a Professor in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, and one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel. His main work concerned the evolution of signals, particularly those signals that are indicative of fitness, and their selection for "honesty".
Kasolaba
Kasolaba or Casolaba (Ancient Greek: Κασωλάβα) was a town of ancient Caria. It was a member of the Delian League since it appears in tribute records of Athens between the years 454/3 and 447/6 BCE, paying a phoros of 2500 drachmae. A herald of the city is cited in a treaty between Mylasa and Cindye of the 4th century BCE. It also appears from this decree that the native population of Anatolia probably abounded in the city, and the city's membership in the Greek world is debatable.

It has been suggested that it should have been located near the coast north or northeast of Halicarnassus but its exact location is unknown. Suggested locations are Kemer, or Güvercinlik Tepesi, both a few miles south of the ancient city of Cindye.

Phoros
In Ancient Greece, phoros (Greek: φόρος) was the name for the membership dues paid to Athens by the members of the Delian League, formed to offer protection from Persian forces. It could be paid in military equipment (such as triremes) or money, most usually the latter. Consequently, a great deal of funds was paid to Athens for the purpose of military initiatives. Athens increased its military forces, resulting in its becoming a dominant and wealthy power.