hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Pons d'Arnaud
Théodore Louis Joseph-Pons d'Arnaud (1811-1884) was a French civil engineer, geographer and naturalist. In 1830 he was hired by the government of Egypt to work on irrigation projects. In 1840-41 he participated in an expedition raised by the Pasha of Egypt that searched (unsuccessfully) for the source of the White Nile. In 1841-42 he explored in the Sudan on an expedition led by Binbashi (Major) Selim, a Turkish officer in the Marine d'Alexandrie. Further voyages of exploration took him to Ethiopia and Yemen (1843) and the Sudan (1860).

In 1844 d'Arnaud was awarded the Grande Médaille d'Or des Explorations (gold medal for exploration) by French Geographical Society. In 1856 he was appointed as a Lieutenant colonel in an Egyptian regiment.

D'Arnaud authored a book on the aquatic plants of the Upper Nile. Two bird species are named in his honour: D'Arnaud's barbet, an East African insectivorous bird, and the Grey-capped social weaver, Pseudonigrita arnaudi.

Société de Géographie
The Société de Géographie (French: [sɔsjete də ʒeɔgʁafi]; lit. '"Geography Society"'), is the world's oldest geographical society. It was founded in 1821 as the first Geographic Society. Since 1878, its headquarters have been at 184 Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris. The entrance is marked by two gigantic caryatids representing Land and Sea. It was here, in 1879, that the construction of the Panama Canal was decided. The society has been publishing the journal La Géographie since 1822.
Gregory Spears
Gregory Spears is an American composer of instrumental and operatic works that blend aspects of romanticism, minimalism, and early music. Among his best known works are the operas Fellow Travelers and Paul's Case, as well as his Requiem.

Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.
Mike Layton (journalist)
Myron J. Layton (November 24, 1922 – March 20, 2011) was an American newspaper journalist and author who wrote for The Seattle Post-Intelligencer and The Olympian from the 1960s through the 1980s, often covering Washington state politics. Before and after Pearl Harbor, Layton served in the US Army remote Aleutian Islands. Later, in 1944–45, he served as a paratrooper in the European theater of World War II, in the 82nd Airborne Division. Layton was also a veteran of the Korean War, serving in the 11th Airborne Division and 10th Special Forces Group. Layton wrote the book Easy Blood: Ronald Reagan's Proxy Wars in Central America, about his research and experiences travelling in Central America (in particular Nicaragua), and My Very Worst Friend, a memoir and autobiography.

10th Special Forces Group (United States)
The 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne) (10th SFG (A), or 10th Group) is an active duty United States Army Special Forces (SF) Group. 10th Group is designed to deploy and execute nine doctrinal missions: unconventional warfare (UW), foreign internal defense (FID), direct action (DA), counterinsurgency, special reconnaissance, counterterrorism, information operations, counter-proliferation of weapon of mass destruction, and security force assistance. 10th Group is responsible for operations within the EUCOM area of responsibility, as part of Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR).

In 2009, as part of a new SOCOM directive, the group is now also responsible for operations within the AFRICOM area of responsibility. 10th SFG(A) was deployed to Saudi Arabia in 1991 during the First Persian Gulf War, and has been heavily involved in the war on terrorism, deploying to Georgia, North Africa, Afghanistan, and consistently to Iraq.
Ipswich Rangers Rugby Club
The Ipswich Rangers, is a rugby union football club located in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. The club currently competes in the top division of the Queensland Suburban competition for the Barber and Pegg Cups, and previously played in the Brisbane Premiership now known as Queensland Premier Rugby. The Ipswich Rangers play their home matches at Woodend Park, and the team wears a green and white strip.

Queensland Suburban Rugby Union
The Queensland Suburban Rugby Union, or QSRU, is affiliated to the Queensland Rugby Union (QRU) and runs the rugby competition colloquially known as "Subbies" in Brisbane and South East Queensland.

The QSRU selects a representative side to play annual matches against NSW Suburban, for the Barraclough Shield. The major "Subbies" trophy is the Barber Cup, awarded to the first grade premiers of the first division.

The Subbies competition has around 1000 players and 20 clubs competing in three divisions, spread across Brisbane spanning from Redcliffe to Beenleigh, and Wynnum to Ipswich. The competition is for amateur players, and provides another tier of rugby below the Brisbane premier club competition.
Hasenbach (Zwiefalter Aach)
Hasenbach is a small river in the Swabian Alb, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Its source is a karst spring. It flows into the Zwiefalter Aach close to where this river emerges from the water cave Wimsener Höhle.

Wimsener Höhle
The Wimsener Höhle (or Wimsen Cave) is Germany´s only water cave, which can be visited by boat. It is located in the municipal area of Hayingen on the Swabian Alb, about three kilometers north of Zwiefalten.
WBC Maritsa Plovdiv
WBC Maritsa Plovdiv is a Bulgarian women's basketball club from Plovdiv. It won three national championships in a row between 1971 and 1974, and in 1980 and 1981 it reached the Ronchetti Cup's final, losing respectively to BC Levski Sofia and Montmontaza Zagreb.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Mylestom, New South Wales
Mylestom is a small town in New South Wales, Australia, located on the coast near the mouth of the Bellinger River.  At the 2021 census, Mylestom (North Beach)  had a population of 336.

It has a surf lifesaving club, a caravan park, a hotel, and shops.

On the second weekend of January each year there is the Annual Putt Bennett Fishing Festival. The town has over 9 kilometres of pristine beach with the Bellinger River, two boat ramps, swimming in Riverside Tidal Pool, the Alma Doepel Park Children's Playground.
There is a disabled access pathway from the beach down past Alama Doepel Park, right along the picturesque Bellinger River, crossing over at Christian Parade and with access to the BMX track and skatepark. The pathway continues on down to the Recreation and Bowling Club.

Surf lifesaving
Surf lifesaving is a multifaceted social movement that comprises key aspects of voluntary lifeguard services and competitive surf sport. Originating in early 20th century Australia, the movement has expanded globally to other countries, including New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Surf lifesavers in Australia are colloquially known as "Clubbies".
Noppadol Sangnil
Noppadol Sangnil (Thai: นพดล แสงนิล; born July 9, 1977) is a Thai former professional snooker player. He first entered the professional tour for the 2001–02 season, but dropped off at the end of the year.

In 2003, he received a grant from King of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej, that enabled him to compete on the 2003-2004 Challenge Tour, for which he had qualified through the  Asian qualifying school.

He returned to the main tour for 2009–10, after placing seventh in the finishing seventh in the 2008/09 Pontin's International Open Series rankings.

As of 2016, Noppadol Sangnil was a restaurateur.

International Open Series
The International Open Series (often referred to as Pontins International Open Series or PIOS for sponsorship reasons), was a series of snooker tournaments that ran from the 2001–02 season until the 2009–10 season. It was originally called the Open Tour but was renamed in 2005. The tour was established to provide players not on the Main Tour or the minor Challenge Tour (now WPBSA Q Tour) with some degree of professional competition, and the best performers were initially promoted to the Challenge Tour.

The series was abandoned after the 2009–10 season and replaced by Q School in the 2010–11 season.
Will Cagle
Candler William Cagle (March 24, 1938 – February 5, 2025) was an American driver of modified stock cars. He won over 415 feature events and 26 championships at east coast venues stretching from Florida to Canada.

Modified racing
Modified stock car racing, also known as modified racing and modified, is a type of auto racing that involves purpose-built cars simultaneously racing against each other on oval tracks. First established in the United States after World War II, this type of racing was early-on characterized by its participants' modification of passenger cars in pursuit of higher speeds, hence the name.

There are many sanctioning bodies for modifieds, each specifying different body styles and engine sizes.
Ōtamahua / Quail Island
Ōtamahua / Quail Island (Māori: Ōtamahua or Te Kawakawa) is an 81 ha (200 acres) uninhabited island within Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō in the South Island of New Zealand, close to Christchurch. The island was given its European name by Captain William Mein Smith who saw native quail here in 1842; though they were already extinct by 1875. Ōtamahua means 'the place where children collect sea eggs'. Te Kawakawa refers to the pepper trees found on the island.

New Zealand quail
The New Zealand quail (Coturnix novaezelandiae), or koreke in Māori, is an extinct quail species endemic to New Zealand. The male and female were similar, except the female was lighter. The first scientist to describe it was Sir Joseph Banks when he visited New Zealand on James Cook's first voyage. Terrestrial and temperate, this species inhabited lowland tussock grassland and open fernlands. The first specimen to be obtained by a European was collected in 1827 by Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard on Dumont D'Urville's voyage. It most likely went extinct due to diseases from introduced game birds.
Benny Young
Robert "Benny" Young is a Scottish film, television and stage actor.

In 2009, Young toured with the National Theatre of Scotland production Be Near Me.

In 2013 Young appeared in the West End production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui at the Duchess Theatre.

Young appeared in the Edinburgh International Festival 2018 in the production of David Greig's Midsummer.

In 2018 Young played Sir Simon Fraser in the Netflix original film Outlaw King, which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 6 September 2018. In autumn 2023, he played Moon in the Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh and Pitlochry Festival Theatre production of Peter Arnott's Group Portrait in a Summer Landscape.

Be Near Me
"Be Near Me" is a song by English pop band ABC. It was released in April 1985 as the second single from their third studio album, How to Be a ... Zillionaire!. It peaked at No. 26 on the UK Singles Chart in 1985, and was the only single from the album to reach the UK top 40. It was more successful in the United States where it reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song also went to number-one on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart in September of that year, remaining on top for two weeks.
SS Lima
SS Lima was a passenger and cargo steamship that was launched in England in 1907 as Westerwald for Hamburg America Line (HAPAG)'s Caribbean services. Portugal seized her in 1916, renamed her Lima, and used her as a troopship. By 1926 the Empresa Insulana de Navegação (EIN) had bought her for its service to Madeira and the Azores. She was scrapped in Portugal in 1969.

She was the first of two HAPAG ships that were called Westerwald. The second was launched in 1921 and sunk in 1940. She was also the first of two EIN ships that were called Lima. The second was a Danish ship that was built in 1966, and which EIN bought and renamed Lima in 1972.

Hamburg America Line
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg, in 1847. Among those involved in its development were prominent German citizens such as Albert Ballin (director general), Adolph Godeffroy, Ferdinand Laeisz, Carl Woermann, August Bolten, and others, and its main financial backers were Berenberg Bank and H. J. Merck & Co. It soon developed into the largest German, and at times the world's largest, shipping company, serving the market created by German immigration to the United States and later, immigration from Eastern Europe. On 1 September 1970, after 123 years of independent existence, HAPAG merged with the Bremen-based North German Lloyd to form Hapag-Lloyd AG, today an international shipping and container transportation company.
Death of Sidharthan
On 18 February 2024, Sidharthan, a 20-year-old veterinary science student of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, was found dead in his hostel in Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala. The Students' Federation of India (SFI) branch at the university was accused of ragging Sidharthan because Sidharthan had danced with some senior female students at a Valentine's Day event. Leadership of the Students' Federation of India visited Sidharthan's family and apologized for the conduct of SFI members at the University.

Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU) is a university established by the Government of Kerala in December 2010 to further education, research and extension services in the field of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. The territorial jurisdiction of the university extends to the whole of the State of Kerala. Its headquarters is located at Pookode near Kalpetta in Wayanad District in Kerala State.
Papil Stone
The Papil Stone is an 8th century carved Pictish cross-slab from a religious site in Papil, West Burra, Shetland. The remains of a church, burials and other Pictish stones have also been found at Papil which suggest it may once have been a monastic site. The Papil stone was discovered in 1887 in the grounds of St Laurence's Church, Papil, by the antiquarian and amateur archaeologist Gilbert Goudie, and is now on display at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.

Monasticism
Monasticism (from Ancient Greek  μοναχός (monakhós) 'solitary, monastic'; from  μόνος (mónos) 'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. In other religions, monasticism is generally criticized and not practiced, as in Islam and Zoroastrianism; or plays a marginal role, as in modern Judaism.

Many monastics live in abbeys, convents, monasteries, or priories to separate themselves from the secular world, unless they are in mendicant or missionary orders.
International Association for Cereal Science and Technology
The International Association for Cereal Science and Technology (ICC) was founded in 1955 and was originally called the International Association for Cereal Chemistry. It was set up to develop international standard testing procedures for cereals and flour. It has currently more than fifty member countries and headquarters in Vienna, Austria. The ICC celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2005.

International standard
An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other prominent international standards organizations including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Together, these three organizations have formed the World Standards Cooperation alliance.
Warren station (Pennsylvania Railroad)
Warren was a historic railway station located at Warren, Warren County, Pennsylvania.

The last Pennsylvania Railroad passenger train (northbound Train 581, southbound Train 580) ran March 27, 1965.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 as Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station. It was delisted in 1986, after being demolished.

Warren County, Pennsylvania
Warren County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,587. Its county seat is Warren. The county was established in 1800 from parts of Allegheny and Lycoming counties; attached to Crawford County until 1805 and then to Venango County until Warren was formally established in 1819.

Warren County makes up the Warren, Pennsylvania micropolitan statistical area. The county is part of the North Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
Isobutyryl-CoA mutase
In enzymology, an isobutyryl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2-methylpropanoyl-CoA  butanoyl-CoA

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA, and one product, butanoyl-CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular transferases transferring other groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA CoA-carbonylmutase. Other names in common use include isobutyryl coenzyme A mutase, and butyryl-CoA:isobutyryl-CoA mutase.  It uses adenosylcobalamin as a cofactor, which is bound at the enzyme's vitamin B12-binding domain. The mechanism of action of the enzyme is to generate a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical by homolytic cleavage of the cobalt-carbon bond of the cofactor. This radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrate to initiate the rearrangement reaction.

Isomerase
In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:

There is only one substrate yielding one product. This product has the same molecular formula as the substrate but differs in bond connectivity or spatial arrangement. Isomerases catalyze reactions across many biological processes, such as in glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.
2014 World Monuments Watch
The World Monuments Watch is a flagship advocacy program of the New York-based private non-profit organization World Monuments Fund (WMF) that calls international attention to cultural heritage around the world that is threatened by neglect, vandalism, conflict, or disaster.

Vandalism
Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner. The term finds its roots in an Enlightenment view that the Germanic Vandals were a uniquely destructive people, as they sacked Rome in 455 AD.
Craig Buck
Craig Werner Buck (born August 24, 1958) is an American former volleyball player and two-time Olympic gold medalist. He was a member of the United States national team that won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

Buck also helped the United States to gold medals at the 1985 FIVB World Cup and the 1986 FIVB World Championship, which, following the 1984 Olympic gold, constituted a "triple crown".

Buck is widely regarded as one of the best middle blockers of all time. He was also a very effective hitter. In 1990, the United States Olympic Committee selected him as their volleyball player of the year.

Buck was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame in 1998.

1985 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
The 1985 FIVB Men's World Cup was held from 22 November to 1 December 1985 in Japan. The World Cup brought together eight teams. The matches were played in Round Robin. Each team played each other (a total of 7 matches per team).
Ichthyophis youngorum
Ichthyophis youngorum, commonly named the Chiang Mai Caecilian or Doi Suthep caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae. It is known only from 10 adult and 13 larval specimens collected on July 12, 1957 by Edward Harrison Taylor. They were collected in the rainforest of Doi Suthep, near Chiang Mai, in Thailand, in a small valley at 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above sea level.

Doi Suthep
Doi Suthep (ดอยสุเทพ), is a mountain ("doi") west of Chiang Mai, Thailand. It is 1,676 metres (5,499 ft) in elevation and is one of the twin peaks of a granite mountain. The other peak is known as Doi Pui and is slightly higher (1,685 metres (5,528 ft)).

Doi Suthep is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Chiang Mai city center. The vegetation below 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) is mostly deciduous forest, with evergreen forest above this elevation. Originally, before the Doi Suthep forest was declared a national park, a royal decree in 1949 designated it as a protected forest.
Gaoyi Township
Gaoyi Township (Chinese: 高椅乡) is a rural township in Huitong County, Hunan, China. It is surrounded by Ruoshui Town on the northwest, Tuanhe Town on the southwest, Jinziyan Township on the south, Matang Township on the southeast, and Longchuantang Township on the northeast. As of the 2019 census it had a population of 9220 and an area of 99 square kilometres (38 sq mi).

Huitong County
Huitong County (simplified Chinese: 会同县; traditional Chinese: 會同縣; pinyin: Huìtóng Xiàn) is a county of Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of Huaihua Prefecturel-level City.

Huitong County covers 2,258.76 km2 (872.11 sq mi). As of 2015, it had a registered population of 365,800 and a resident population of 330,500. Huitong County has eight towns and 10 townships under its jurisdiction, the government seat is Lincheng (林城镇).
Tuckman
Tuckman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruce Tuckman (1938–2016), American psychologist

Diane Tuckman, American (born in Egypt) artist and author

Frederick Tuckman, Member of the European Parliament

Roy Tuckman, American radio personality

Diane Tuckman
Diane Tuckman (March 24, 1935 – October 25, 2024) was an American artist. She is known for her silk painting work and as an author of several books on the subject with Jan Janas. She resided and worked in Lanham, Maryland in the Greater Washington, D.C. area for many years until her death in 2024.

Tuckman was born in Egypt.