hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOST-ər) was a British title (after Gloucester and Edinburgh) in the Peerage of Great Britain; the sole creation carried with it the subsidiary title of Earl of Connaught.

It existed for the brother of King George III, Prince William Henry; there had been Dukedoms of Gloucester and of Edinburgh but their extinction gave the opportunity for combination.

The dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh was a royal dukedom when the duke was entitled to the style "His Royal Highness", as Prince William Henry was, but Prince William Frederick was only granted this style on his marriage in 1816.

Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom
In the British peerage, a royal duke is a member of the British royal family, entitled to the titular dignity of prince and the style of His Royal Highness, who holds a dukedom. Dukedoms are the highest titles in the British roll of peerage, and the holders of these particular dukedoms are princes of the blood royal. The holders of the dukedoms are royal, not the titles themselves. They are titles created and bestowed on legitimate sons and male-line grandsons of the British monarch, usually upon reaching their majority or marriage. The titles can be inherited but cease to be called "royal" once they pass beyond the grandsons of a monarch. As with any peerage, once the title becomes extinct, it may subsequently be recreated by the reigning monarch at any time.
Salvation (ManuElla song)
"Salvation" is a song recorded by Slovenian singer-songwriter ManuElla and the follow-up to her Eurovision Song Contest entry "Blue and Red". It was written by Maja Keuc, Marjan Hvala and Manuella Brečko. The track was released on February 24, 2017, as a stand-alone single, and was performed for the first time at EMA 2017, in which ManuElla had a guest slot. Backed by an instrumentation of guitars and drums, the country-pop track has feel-good and inspirational lyrics.

Manu (singer)
Manuella Brečko (born 31 January 1989), better known as Manu, and formerly known as ManuElla, is a Slovenian singer, songwriter and music producer. She represented Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "Blue and Red.
Garden of the Flesh
Garden of the Flesh is a graphic novel written and drawn by Gilbert Hernandez in 2016, and published by Fantagraphics Books.

The novel consists of sexually explicit retellings of various Biblical stories from the Genesis creation narrative - centring on Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel and Noah's Ark.

Fantagraphics
Fantagraphics (previously Fantagraphics Books) is an American publisher of alternative comics, classic comic strip anthologies, manga, magazines, graphic novels, and (formerly) the erotic Eros Comix imprint. They have managed several awards for achievement in comic books.
Duma
A duma (Russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.

The term boyar duma is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were formed across Russia.

The first formally constituted state duma was the Imperial State Duma introduced to the Russian Empire by Emperor Nicholas II in 1905. The Emperor retained an absolute veto and could dismiss the State Duma at any time for a suitable reason. Nicholas dismissed the First State Duma (1906) within 75 days;   elections for a second Duma took place the following year. The Russian Provisional Government dissolved the last Imperial State Duma (the fourth Duma) in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.

Since 1993, the State Duma (Государственная дума, Gosudarstvennaya Duma) has functioned as the lower legislative house of the Russian Federation.

1906 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in the Russian Empire from 26 March to 20 April 1906. At stake were the 477 seats in the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the legislative assembly. Election for the First State Duma, which only ran from 27 April to 8 July (O.S.) 1906, returned a significant bloc of moderate socialists and two liberal parties which demanded further reforms. For this reason, it is sometimes called the Duma of Public Anger (Дума народного гнева).
Perry McGillivray
Perry McGillivray (August 5, 1893 – July 27, 1944) was an American competition swimmer and water polo player who represented the United States at the 1912 Summer Olympics and 1920 Summer Olympics.

In the 1912 Olympics he competed in the 100-meter freestyle and reached the semifinal. He also was a member of the United States' 4×200-meter freestyle relay team, which won a silver medal.

In the 1920 Olympics, he was fourth in the 100-metre backstroke and won a gold medal as a member of the United States' 4×200-meter freestyle relay team. He also played three matches for the United States water polo team, which finished fourth.

In 1976, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Foi magia", written by Paulo Neves, and performed by Sofia Vitória. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP), organised the national final Festival da Canção 2004 in order to select its entry for the contest. The competition consisted of two shows on 18 and 25 January 2004 where the winner was selected exclusively by public televoting. "Foi magia" performed by Sofia Vitória emerged as the winner with 39,072 votes.

Portugal competed in the semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 12 May 2004. Performing during the show in position 7, "Foi magia" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Portugal placed fifteenth out of the 22 participating countries in the semi-final with 38 points.

RTP Internacional
RTP Internacional (RTPi) is a Portuguese free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). It is the company's international television service, and is known for broadcasting a mix of programming from other RTP's channels, as well as original productions made for the channel.

The channel is available on several satellites in the clear, on a number of subscription television operators and terrestrially in Macao (relayed by Canal Macau) and East Timor (relayed by RTTL), by means of timeshares with other channels.
Sappada
Sappada (German: Pladen or Bladen; local Southern Bavarian: Plodn; Friulian: Sapade; Ladin: Sapada) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Ladin language
Ladin (/ləˈdiːn/ lə-DEEN, UK also /læˈdiːn/ la-DEEN; autonym: ladin; Italian: ladino; German: Ladinisch) is a Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance subgroup, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno, by the Ladin people. It exhibits similarities to Romansh, which is spoken in Switzerland, as well as to Friulian, which is spoken in northeast Italy.

The precise extent of the Ladin language area is a subject of scholarly debate. A narrower perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group, while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in the Province of Belluno and even dialects spoken in the northwestern Trentino.

A standard variety of Ladin (Ladin Dolomitan) has been developed by the Office for Ladin Language Planning as a common communication tool across the whole Ladin-speaking region.
Linie, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Linie [ˈliɲɛ] (German: Leine) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielice, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Bielice, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Pyrzyce, and 29 km (18 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Pyrzyce
Pyrzyce [pɨˈʐɨt͡sɛ] (Kashubian: Përzëca; German: Pyritz) is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland. As of 2007, it had 13,331 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Pyrzyce County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town emerged from an early medieval tribal stronghold, which eventually became a castellan seat and a center of grain trade. Pyrzyce has largely preserved medieval defensive walls with several gates and towers, several medieval churches and a regional museum. It hosts one of the oldest geothermal plants in Poland.
Fedor Vesna
Fedor Vesna (Belarusian: Фёдар Вясна, Russian: Фёдор Весна Polish: Fedor Wesna, Theodor Wiosna) was a famous 14th century falconer and ruler of Vitebsk from 1392 to 1393.

Fedor's fame as a successful falconer introduced him to Jogaila, the Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, with whom he became friends. When Fedor retired from falconry in the 1390s, Jogaila granted him the title of duke and after the death of the last ruler of Principality of Vitebsk, Uliana of Tver in 1392, Jogaila abolished the principality and set Fedor to rule its lands. As Fedor Vesna was neither a member of the Gediminids Dynasty nor of noble birth, his exaltation was poorly received in the Grand Duchy and made him a distinct target for rival ambitions. Švitrigaila, the younger brother of Jogaila and duke of Polotsk, briefly captured Vitebsk in 1393. According to some Lithuanian chronicles, Švitrigaila killed Fedor Vesna upon the capture of Vitebsk.

Polotsk
Polotsk or Polatsk is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Dvina River and serves as the administrative center of Polotsk District. Polotsk is served by Polotsk Airport and Borovitsy air base. As of 2025, it has a population of 79,285.
Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam
Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam (transl. You can live if you want to live) is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language film romantic drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written by Panchu Arunachalam from a story by Manian. The film stars Jaishankar, Sripriya and Jayadevi, with Major Sundarrajan, Thengai Srinivasan, I. S. R., Ennathe Kannaiah, Manorama, S. N. Lakshmi and Typist Gopu in supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1978.

S. N. Lakshmi
Sennalkudi Narayana Lakshmi (1927 – 20 February 2012) was an Indian actress, who appeared in supporting roles, often playing roles of a mother or grandmother in films. A recipient of the state government's Kalaimamani and Kalaiselvam awards, Lakshmi acted in more than 1,500 films and 6,000 dramas.
Ladian
Ladian is a small village in Kharian Tehsil, Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is known for its brave son Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed, who is the recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider (Lit.: Emblem of Lion), the highest military gallantry award of Pakistan. Ladian is located at 32°48'06"N 74°02'03"E

Most of the population of the village belongs to the Rajput, Gujjar and Jat castes. The other castes are Bhatti and Kashmiri. The Haqlay, Mehar, Ladi, Mian, Padhana, Khari, Chandi are Gujjar sub-castes. The name of the village refers to the Ladi caste. It is believed that the Ladis established the village and other castes migrated here subsequently.

Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy. Different types of corps are cultivated throughout the year.

Shahid
Shahid or shaheed is an Islamic term of Arabic-origin meaning "martyr", used by Muslims for mujahideen who die while fighting in the way of Allah. The word is used frequently in the Quran in the generic sense of "witness" but only once in the sense of "martyr" (i.e. one who dies for his faith); the latter sense acquires wider usage in the hadith. The term is also used in some non-Muslim communities whose cultures were influenced by Islamic persianate empires, such as amongst Hindus and Sikhs in India.

The term is commonly used as a posthumous title for those who are considered to have accepted or even consciously sought out their own death in order to bear witness to their beliefs. Like the English-language word martyr, in the 20th century, the word shahid came to have both religious and non-religious connotations, and has often been used to describe those who died for non-religious ideological causes.
2015 Jerez Superbike World Championship round
The 2015 Jerez Superbike World Championship round was the eleventh round of the 2015 Superbike World Championship and also the tenth round of the 2015 Supersport World Championship. It took place over the weekend of 18–20 September 2015 at the Circuito de Jerez located in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.

2015 Supersport World Championship
The 2015 Supersport World Championship was the seventeenth season of the Supersport World Championship—the nineteenth taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. Kenan Sofuoğlu claimed the title for the fourth time in the championship's history with one race to spare.
Locomotives Recreation Club
Locomotives Recreation Club were an Australian rules football club which competed in the Queensland Football League from 1905 to 1909. They wore blue and black club colours.

Locomotives won back-to-back premierships in 1907 and 1908 but after failing to win a game in 1909 were forced to leave the league.

Queensland Australian Football League
The Queensland Australian Football League (QAFL /ˈkwɒfəl/ KWOF-əl or "Q-A-F-L") is an Australian rules football competition organised by the AFL Queensland, contested by  clubs from South East Queensland.

Founded in 1903 it was previously known as the Queensland Football League (QFL), Queensland Australian National Football League (QANFL), Queensland Australian Football League (QAFL) and AFL Queensland State League (AFLQSL), the QAFL is the premier semi-professional competition in Queensland.

Since its inception, more than fifty teams have played in the premiership competition. The premier division currently features thirteen teams from as far north from Noosa on the Sunshine Coast, throughout the Brisbane Metropolitan Area and as far south as Palm Beach on the Gold Coast near the New South Wales border. The league's headquarters is located in Brisbane.
UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships – Women's four-cross
The women's four-cross is an event at the annual UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships. It has been held since the 2002 championships, having replaced the dual event. In 2014 and 2015 the four-cross events were held separately from the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships as the UCI Four-cross World Championships.

Four-cross
Four-cross (4X), also called mountain-cross, not to be confused with fourcross, is a relatively new style of mountain bike racing where four bikers race downhill on a prepared, BMX-like track, simply trying to get down first. These bikes are generally either full suspension with 140mm to 160mm of travel, or hardtails, and typically have relatively strong frames.  They run a chainguide on front and gears on the back.  They have slack head angles, short chainstays and low bottom brackets for good cornering and acceleration. In recent years the tracks raced on have been rougher and less like those used in BMX.

Four-cross was added to the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup and the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships in 2002, replacing dual slalom. It was removed from the World Cup following the 2011 series. A replacement world series, the 4X Pro Tour, was launched in 2012. The four-cross events were removed from the World Championship after the 2021 edition.
Roselea
Roselea is a building in Luss, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is a Category B listed structure dating to the mid 19th century.

The building, a single-storey cottage located on Pier Road, is made of whinstone and sandstone rubble with pink sandstone margins and dressings. It has projecting bracketed eaves. It possesses timber diamond-pane casement windows and octagonal ridge chimney stacks with octagonal cans. It is a variant of the common form of cottage found elsewhere on the street.

The building is shown on the first-edition Ordnance Survey map, surveyed in 1864.

Casement window
A casement window is a window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside. Casement windows are often held open using a casement stay. Windows hinged at the top are referred to as awning windows, and ones hinged at the bottom are called hoppers.
Chatsworth Formation
The Chatsworth Formation is a Cretaceous period sandstone geologic formation in the Simi Hills and western Santa Susana Mountains of southern California.

It is found in western Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County.  The  formation's thickness can be more than 610 metres (2,000 ft).

Ventura County, California
Ventura County (/vɛnˈtʊərə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, California, and the county seat is the city of Ventura, California.

Ventura County comprises the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greater Los Angeles area (Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area). It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

Two of the Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.
Vitaliy Polyanskyi
Vitaliy Polyanskyi (born 30 November 1988) is a Ukrainian professional footballer, who lastly played for FK Utenis. He plays the position of defender. His former clubs include FC Olkom Melitopol, FC Pärnu Vaprus, FC Volyn Lutsk, FC Feniks-Illichovets Kalinine and Lithuanian side FK Mažeikiai.

Pärnu JK Vaprus
Pärnu Jalgpalliklubi Vaprus, commonly known as Pärnu Vaprus or simply Vaprus, is an Estonian professional football club based in Pärnu that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Pärnu Rannastaadion.

Founded in 1922, Pärnu Vaprus was dissolved after a merger in 1937 and re-established in 1999. The club has played in the Meistriliiga in 2006–2008, 2017–2018 and again since 2021.
Model 67 mine
The Model 67 is a square plastic cased Austrian minimum metal anti-tank blast mine. The mines pressure fuze sits on the top of the mine, with a provision for an anti-handling device. A second version of the mine the ATM-75 is similar to the Model 67 mine.

Minimum metal mine
A minimum metal mine is a land mine that is designed to use the smallest amount of metal possible in its construction. Typically, the only metal components are located inside the fuze mechanism which triggers detonation. Both minimum metal anti-tank and anti-personnel mines exist. Some designs contain virtually no metal at all, e.g., less than a gram.
Mississippi Highway 556
Mississippi Highway 556 (MS 556) is a state highway in southwestern Mississippi. The route starts at MS 184 in the town of Meadville and travels southeastwards. MS 556 crosses over the concurrency of U.S. Route 84 (US 84) and US 98 inside the Homochitto National Forest, and the route ends at US 98 south of Bude. The route was designated around 1953, after a gravel road from US 84 to US 98, which had existed since 1928, was paved.

Meadville, Mississippi
Meadville is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County, Mississippi, United States, in the southwest part of the state. As of the 2020 census, Meadville had a population of 448. It is situated north of the Homochitto River, which runs from the northeast to the southwest through the county on its way to its outlet at the Mississippi River.

It is home to a chess center, covered in 60 Minutes story aired March 26, 2017, involving chess coach Jeff Bulington.
Thies Christophersen
Thies Christophersen (27 January 1918 – 13 February 1997) was a German neo-Nazi publisher, SS-officer, and pamphleteer of Holocaust denial literature. His activism, which included unabashed support of Nazi Germany and self-styled Reichstag meetings, are generally considered an early precursor to the Reichsbürger movement.

Volksverhetzung
Volksverhetzung (German: [ˈfɔlksfɐˌhɛtsʊŋ] ⓘ), in English "incitement to hatred" (used also in the official English translation of the German Criminal Code), "incitement of popular hatred", "incitement of the masses", or "instigation of the people", is a concept in German criminal law that refers to incitement to hatred against segments of the population and refers to calls for violent or arbitrary measures against them, including assaults against the human dignity of others by insulting, maliciously maligning, or defaming segments of the population.

It is often applied to, though not limited to, trials relating to Holocaust denial in Germany. The criminal code (Strafgesetzbuch) Chapter 7 (Offences against public order), Paragraph 130 (Incitement to hatred) of the Federal Republic of Germany defines when a person is guilty of Volksverhetzung.
Zabrus asiaticus
Zabrus asiaticus is a species of ground beetle in the Pelor subgenus. It was described by Francis de Laporte de Castelnau in 1834 and is found in Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, the North Aegean  islands, European part of Turkey and the Near East.

François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau
François-Louis Nompar de Caumont Laporte, comte de Castelnau (born François-Louis Nompar de Caumont La Force; 24 December 1802 – 4 February 1880) was a French naturalist, also known as François Laporte or Francis de Castelnau. The standard author abbreviation Castelnau is used to indicate him when citing a botanical name and zoological names other than insects. Laporte is typically used when citing an insect name, or Laporte de Castelnau.
I Am Who
I Am Who (stylized as I am WHO) is the second extended play by South Korean boy group Stray Kids. The EP was released digitally and physically on August 6, 2018, by JYP Entertainment. A showcase titled Stray Kids Unveil: Op. 02: I Am Who was held the day before the release. The album sold 79,684 physical copies in the month of August.

The album was released in two versions—an "I am" version and a "WHO" version.

JYP Entertainment
JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J.Y. Park. Operating as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company and music publishing house, it is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. The company also operates subsidiary ventures and divisions internationally.