hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard O. Spertzel
Richard Oscar Spertzel (9 February 1933 – 24 March 2016) was a veterinarian, microbiologist and expert in the area of biological warfare. He participated in germ warfare research at U.S. Army Medical Unit (USAMU), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland. (USAMU is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, or USAMRIID).

Spertzel held several positions USAMRIID including Deputy for Research, Deputy Commander, and Chief of the Animal Assessment Division. From 1994 to 1998 Spertzel served as the Senior Biologist for the United Nations Special Commission in Iraq. His Congressional testimonial about the WMD capabilities of Iraq helped to justify the subsequent US invasion of Iraq. After the invasion, Spertzel was a member of the Iraq Survey Group, which found that Iraq was not producing nor planning to produce WMD at the time of the invasion.

Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland, United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland behind Baltimore. It is a part of the Washington metropolitan area and the greater Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.

The city is located at an important crossroads at the intersection of a major north–south Native American trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C., and across the Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio River watershed.

Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (IATA: FDK), which accommodates general aviation, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army bioscience and communications research installation and Frederick County's largest employer.
Per Engebretsen
Per Engebretsen (16 October 1946 – 18 August 2014) was a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Oslo, and held the cand.oecon. degree in economics. He was a negotiator in Akademikernes Fellesorganisasjon from 1981 to 1988, secretary-general in the Norwegian Association of Pharmacists from 1988 to 1989 and director in the Ministry of Government Administration from 1991 to 1995. From 1995 to 2003 he was the Government Director of Personnel, except for some months in 2002 when he was the acting director of Aetat. In 2003 he became head negotiator for the Confederation of Unions for Professionals. He died in August 2014.

Confederation of Unions for Professionals
The Confederation of Unions for Professionals (Unio) is a national trade union centre in Norway.

The federation was formed in 2001 by unions, most of which were formerly part of the Academic and Professional Unions.  It has 13 affiliated unions and is politically neutral.
Christmas Eve (opera)
Christmas Eve or The Night Before Christmas (Russian: Ночь перед Рождеством, romanized: Nóch péred Rozhdestvóm listenⓘ) is an opera in four acts with music and libretto by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Composed between 1894 and 1895, Rimsky-Korsakov based his opera on a short story, "Christmas Eve", from Nikolai Gogol's 1832 collection Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka. The story had been used as the basis for an opera at least three times previously, including for Tchaikovsky's Vakula the Smith (1874). Oliver Knussen writes that "Rimsky is only interested in recreating the atmosphere of the folk-tale, fleshing it out for his stage pageant in a comparable way to Humperdinck in Hansel. Gerald Abraham, on the other hand, praises the vivid humanity and humour of Rimsky's setting, as well as its atmospheric strength.

Christof Loy
Christof Loy (born 5 December 1962) is a German stage director especially for opera, whose work received several awards. A freelance director, he has staged operas from Baroque to premieres of new works at major European opera houses and festivals. He is known for directing works by Mozart.
Rüdiger Selig
Rüdiger Selig (born 19 February 1989) is a German former road racing cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2012 to 2024.

Born in Zwenkau, Selig competed as an amateur until the middle of 2011, when he joined Leopard Trek as a stagiaire. In October, he won the Binche–Tournai–Binche race. In September 2015 Bora–Argon 18 announced that Selig would join them for the 2016 season, in order to strengthen the team's sprint train. He was named in the start list for the 2016 Vuelta a España and the start list for the 2017 Giro d'Italia. In June 2017, he was named in the startlist for the 2017 Tour de France.

2016 Vuelta a España
The 2016 Vuelta a España was a three-week Grand Tour cycling stage race that took place in Spain between 20 August and 11 September 2016. The race was the 71st edition of the Vuelta a España and the final Grand Tour of the 2016 cycling season.

The race included 21 stages, beginning with a team time trial that started in Ourense. The subsequent stages included 10 summit finishes. The race ended in Madrid.

The overall winner was Nairo Quintana of team Movistar, with Chris Froome (Team Sky) second and Esteban Chaves (Orica–BikeExchange) third.
Brett Young (singer)
Brett Charles Young (born March 23, 1981) is an American country pop singer, songwriter and guitarist from Anaheim, California. He was a college baseball pitcher but took up songwriting after an elbow injury. His self-titled debut EP, produced by Dann Huff, was released by Republic Nashville on February 12, 2016. The lead single, "Sleep Without You", was released on April 11 of that year and he had a major success with a follow-up single, "In Case You Didn't Know". He released his second major label album Ticket to L.A. in 2018, and the third, Weekends Look a Little Different These Days, in 2021.

Dann Huff
Dann Lee Huff (born November 15, 1960) is an American record producer, studio guitarist, and songwriter. For his work as a producer in the country music genre, he has won several awards, including the Musician of the Year award in 2001, 2004, and 2016 at the Country Music Association Awards and the Producer of the Year award in 2006 and 2009 at the Academy of Country Music. He is the father of American singer and songwriter Ashlyne Huff, a member of Giant and White Heart and brother of drummer David Huff.
Fred Doerr
Frederick Doerr (September 16, 1874 – June 29, 1960) was an American politician who served as the 39th Mayor of San Jose, California, from 1928 to 1930. He was also a member of the San Jose City Council.

Doerr was born in San Jose, the son of German emigrants Charles Doerr and Minna Bertelsman. His son, Robert Doerr, later served as the city's mayor from 1956 until 1958.

San Jose City Council
The San Jose City Council, officially San José City Council, is the legislature of the Government of the
City of San José, California.

As the Mayor of San Jose, Matt Mahan casts the 11th vote on matters before the council and acts as chair of the council during most meetings. Vice Mayor Pam Foley conducts Council meetings in the absence of the Mayor.
Pointed arch
A pointed arch, ogival arch, or Gothic arch is an arch with a pointed crown, whose two curving sides meet at a relatively sharp angle at the top of the arch. Also known as a two-centred arch, its form is derived from the intersection of two circles. This architectural element was particularly important in Gothic architecture. The earliest use of a pointed arch dates back to bronze-age Nippur. As a structural feature, it was first used in eastern Christian architecture, Byzantine architecture and Sasanian architecture, but in the 12th century it came into use in France and England as an important structural element, in combination with other elements, such as the rib vault and later the flying buttress. These allowed the construction of cathedrals, palaces and other buildings with dramatically greater height and larger windows which filled them with light.

Sasanian architecture
Sasanian architecture refers to the Persian architectural style that reached a peak in its development during the Sasanian era. In many ways, the Sasanian Empire period (224–651 CE) witnessed the highest achievement of Iranian civilization, and constituted the last great pre-Islamic Persian Empire before the Muslim conquest. Much of Sasanian architecture was adopted by Muslims and became part of Islamic architecture.

The Sasanian dynasty, like the Achaemenid Empire, originated in the province of Persis (Fars). They saw themselves as successors to the Achaemenians, after the Hellenistic and Parthian dynasty interlude, and perceived it as their role to restore the greatness of Persia.
Cynthia Jele
Nozizwe Cynthia Jele is a South African novelist. Her novel Happiness is a Four-Letter Word won the 2011 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book, Africa Region and the M-Net film prize at the 2011 M-Net Literary Awards. The novel was later adapted into a 2016 movie.

She grew up in Mpumalanga, South Africa. She graduated from North Central College, with a BA degree in International Business in 2003. Jele worked as a public health officer for the Mpumalanga Health Department, and then spent a year in the United States as an au pair.

Commonwealth Foundation prizes
Commonwealth Foundation has presented a number of prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was composed of two prizes: the Best Book Prize (overall and regional) was awarded from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book prize was awarded from 1989 to 2011. In addition the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was awarded from 1996 to 2011.

Beginning in 2012, Commonwealth Foundation discontinued its previous awards and created a new cultural initiative called Commonwealth Writers, which offered two new awards: the Commonwealth Book Prize for the best first book, in which regional winners received £2,500 and the overall winner received £10,000; and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for the best short stories, in which regional winners received £1,000 and the overall winner received £5,000. After two years, the Book Prize was discontinued. The Short Story Prize remains the sole award from Commonwealth Writers.
Firuzabad, Eslamabad-e Gharb
Firuzabad (Persian: فيروزاباد, also Romanized as Fīrūzābād) is a village in Howmeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 168, in 37 families.

Eslamabad-e Gharb County
Eslamabad-e Gharb County (Persian: شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب) or Shahabad- Ghrb County (Persian: شهرستان شاه‌آباد غرب) is in Kermanshah Province, Iran, part of what is unofficially referred to as Iranian Kurdistan. Its capital is the city of Eslamabad-e Gharb.
Radio Bremen
Radio Bremen (pronounced [ˈʁaːdi̯o ˈbʁeːmən]), shortened to RB (pronounced [ɛʁˈbeː]) is the legally mandated broadcaster for the city-state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (which includes Bremerhaven) in Germany. With its headquarters sited in Bremen, Radio Bremen is a member of the consortium of German public broadcasting organizations, ARD, and is Germany's smallest public radio and television broadcaster.

Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

Bremerhaven was founded in 1827 as a seaport for Bremen, and it remains one of the busiest ports in the country. It was historically rivalled by Geestemünde [de] on the opposite side of the Geeste, which belonged to Hanover (and later Prussia). Geestemünde united with neighbouring Lehe [de] to form the city of Wesermünde [de] in 1924, and Bremerhaven was itself annexed to Wesermünde in 1939, but the entire conurbation was restored to Bremen in 1947.
Zhang Jinqiu
Zhang Jinqiu (simplified Chinese: 张锦秋; traditional Chinese: 張錦秋; pinyin: Zhāng Jǐnqiū) is a Chinese architect and professor at Tsinghua University. She was titled “Construction Master’ (1991) and “Academician of China” (1994) by the Chinese government.  She was appointed Chief Architect for China’s Capital Construction Design Group in 1987 and has remained in this position until now. Zhang was also among the first round of winners of the Xi'an Science and Technology Award for Outstanding Contributions in 2005. By 2011, she was elected as a member of the prestigious Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Shaanxi History Museum
Shaanxi History Museum, which is located to the northwest of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the ancient city Xi'an, in the Shaanxi province of China, is one of the first huge state museums with modern facilities in China and one of the largest. The museum houses over 370,000 items, including murals, paintings, pottery, coins, as well as bronze, gold, and silver objects. The modern museum was built between 1983 and 2001 and its appearance recalls the architectural style of the Tang dynasty.
Quality (philosophy)
In philosophy, a quality is an attribute or a property characteristic of an object. In contemporary philosophy the idea of qualities, and especially how to distinguish certain kinds of qualities from one another, remains controversial.

Contemporary philosophy
Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning in the early 20th century with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy. The phrase is often confused with modern philosophy (which refers to an earlier period in Western philosophy), postmodern philosophy (which refers to some philosophers' criticisms of modern philosophy), and with a non-technical use of the phrase referring to any recent philosophic work.
Joe Rígoli
Jorge Rígoli (Jorge Alberto Rípoli; 5 November 1936 – 27 January 2015) was an Argentine comedian and actor. He was known for starring in the popular Argentine animated series Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez. Rígoli was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Rígoli died in Mar del Plata, Argentina from heart failure after being in a medically induced coma after having high blood pressure. He was 78 years old.

Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez
Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez (transl. One, two, three... respond again), usually shortened as Un, dos, tres..., and named Un, dos, tres... a leer esta vez (transl. One, two, three... reading this time) in its last season, is a Spanish prime-time television game show created by Narciso Ibáñez Serrador that was broadcast on La Primera Cadena of Televisión Española for ten seasons from 1972 to 2004.

It became the most famous game show in the history of television in Spain and it was the first television show format exported outside Spain, with versions aired in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United Kingdom.
Golden Pass (Disney)
The Golden Pass is a ticket which allows the holder lifetime access to all nine of the theme parks owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company. First awarded in 1955 to Dave MacPherson, the first member of the public to become a paying guest at Disneyland, the Pass is awarded to all Disney Legends and has been handed to dignitaries, the President of the United States and sitting heads of state, and all members of the board of directors.

Disney Legends
34°9′29.65″N 118°19′35″W﻿ / ﻿34.1582361°N 118.32639°W﻿ / 34.1582361; -118.32639

Disney Legends is a Hall of Fame award that is awarded by the Walt Disney Company to individuals who "[have] made a significant impact on the Disney legacy". The honor was established in 1987, and was traditionally awarded annually during a special private ceremony. Since 2009, it has been awarded on a biennial basis  during Disney's D23 Expo.

Starting in 2024, the Disney Legends awards ceremony was moved from D23 Expo's traditional venue at the Anaheim Convention Center to the larger Honda Center down the street and was hosted by Ryan Seacrest.  The ceremony was recorded and made available for streaming the next day on Disney+.
Nate Simpson
Nate Simpson (born November 30, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tennessee State Tigers. Simpson was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round of the 1977 NFL draft and played three seasons with the team.

Tennessee State Tigers football
The Tennessee State Tigers football program represents Tennessee State University in the sport of American football. The Tigers compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as member of the OVC–Big South Football Association.
Nick Hilton
Nicholas "Nick" Peter Hilton (born September 26, 1983) is a Canadian politician representing Yarmouth in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia. He unseated Leader of the Opposition Zach Churchill by 14 votes.

Hilton has been a licensed practical nurse since 2002 with more than 20 years of experience working at the Yarmouth Regional Hospital. Prior to being elected, he served as councillor for District 7 in the Municipality of the District of Yarmouth, president of the Yarmouth Links Golf & Country Club, and curling director for the Yarmouth Curling Association.

Unseating
Unseating is a political term which refers to a legislator who loses their seat in an election. A legislator who is unseated loses the right to sit in a legislative chamber. A landslide victory results in many legislators being unseated.
The Last Campaign of Governor Booth Gardner
The Last Campaign of Governor Booth Gardner is a 2009 documentary film directed by Daniel Junge and produced by Just Media for HBO Films. The film follows the "last campaign" of Booth Gardner, the Governor of Washington from 1985 to 1993, to facilitate the passage of the Washington Death with Dignity Act (also called Initiative 1000), legalizing physician-assisted suicide in Washington state.

Gardner, who had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1994, faces opposition from numerous determined individuals and groups, but nonetheless spearheads a successful campaign which saw the state pass I-1000—the second such law in the United States after Oregon Measure 16—with 57.8 per cent support.

The Last Campaign was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) in 2009.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
William Colvin (priest)
William Evans Colvin (26 January 1858, Co. Limerick–30 September 1949, Brighton) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the late nineteenth and early 20th centuries.

Colvin was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1890. He served curacies in Killoran, Didsbury and Wotton, Surrey. He was the incumbent at Dromard from 1895 to 1926 and Archdeacon of Killala from 1911 until 1928 when he became Dean of Killala.

Didsbury
Didsbury is a suburb of Manchester, England, on the north bank of the River Mersey, 5 miles (8 kilometres) south of Manchester city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 26,788.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, there are records of Didsbury existing as a small hamlet as early as the 13th century. Its early history was dominated by being part of the Manor of Withington, a feudal estate that covered a large part of what is now the south of Manchester. Didsbury was described during the 18th century as a township separate from outside influence. In 1745 a section of the Jacobite army including the Duke of Perth crossed the Mersey at Didsbury in the Jacobite march south from Manchester to Derby.

Didsbury was largely rural until the mid-19th century, when it underwent development and urbanisation during the Industrial Revolution. It became part of Manchester in 1904.

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds was formed in Didsbury in 1889.
Joseph Matos
Joseph A. Matos III is a United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General who serves as the Commander of Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command (MARFORCYBER), Marine Corps Forces Space Command, and Marine Corps Information Command. He previously served as the Deputy Commander of MARFORCYBER and Joint Task Force-ARES.

Matos also served as the Director of Information, Command, Control, Communications, and Computers of the USMC and the Director of Command, Control Communications, Computers, and Cyber of the United States Space Command.

United States Marine Corps Forces Space Command
The U.S. Marine Corps Forces Space Command (abbreviated MARFORSPACE) is the Marine Corps service component of the United States Space Command. It is tasked with providing support to the Fleet Marine Force using space assets, including in communications, targeting, and navigation, to increase warfighter lethality.
Luis Núñez (footballer, born 1983)
Luis Alberto Nuñez Charales (born 10 December 1983 in Santa Marta) is a Colombian former footballer who played as a left back.

His form in the domestic league has led him to his first call up to the Colombia national football team for the FIFA World Cup qualifier match against Venezuela

On 15 March 2011, he scored a goal in the second half against the Mexican club San Luis in the Copa Libertadores.

Santa Marta
Santa Marta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈmaɾta]), officially the Distrito Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta (English: Historic, Cultural & Tourist District of Santa Marta), is a port city on the coast of the Caribbean Sea in northern Colombia. It is the capital of Magdalena Department and the fourth-largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia, after Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Soledad. Founded on July 29, 1525, by the Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas, it was one of the first Spanish settlements in Colombia, its oldest surviving city, and second-oldest in South America. This city is situated on a bay by the same name and as such, it is a prime tourist destination in the Caribbean region.
2015 The National
The 2015 The National was held from November 11 to 15 at the General Motors Centre in Oshawa, Ontario. The National was the third Grand Slam event of the season for the men's and women's 2015–16 curling season.

Brad Gushue won his fourth Grand Slam title by defeating Reid Carruthers 7–2 in the men's final. Rachel Homan topped Tracy Fleury 5–4 in the women's final to also claim her fourth Slam title.

Tribute Communities Centre
The Tribute Communities Centre, formerly known as the General Motors Centre or GM Centre, GMC for short, is a multi-purpose arena located in downtown Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, which opened in November 2006. The arena was constructed to replace the Oshawa Civic Auditorium. The main tenant is the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League; beginning in 2026, the Oshawa FireWolves of the National Lacrosse League will also play their home games at the Centre. It features the Oshawa Sports Hall of Fame, Prospects Bar and Grill, an Oshawa Generals retail store, executive seating and special club seats. The name was changed to Tribute Communities Centre on November 1, 2016.
Leimgruber
Leimgruber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Darcia Leimgruber (born 1989), Swiss  ice hockey player

Oskar Leimgruber (1886–1976), Swiss Politician

Urs Leimgruber (born 1952), Swiss saxophonist

Werner Leimgruber (1934–2025), Swiss footballer

Wilhelm Leimgruber, Austrian luger

Werner Leimgruber
Werner Leimgruber (2 September 1934 – 2 January 2025) was a Swiss footballer who played as a defender for FC Zürich. He made 10 appearances for the Switzerland national team, also playing in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Leimgruber died on 2 January 2025, at the age of 90.