hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 AFL Under 18 Championships
The 2008 AFL Under 18 Championships is the 2008 series of the AFL Under 18 Championships, a state and territory based Australian rules football competition which showcase the best junior footballers in Australia, primarily with the aim for them to be drafted into the Australian Football League.

The competition is split into two divisions.  The major football states of Victoria (split into separate Country and Metropolitan teams), South Australia and Western Australia are in Division 1, with the smaller football states of Northern Territory, NSW/ACT, Tasmania and Queensland are in Division 2.  Unlike previous years, in 2008 the top two teams from the Division 2 competition advanced to be part of Division 1.

Division 2 games were played as a qualifying series over a week in May in Melbourne, whereas Division 1 will be played mainly as curtain-raisers before AFL matches in late May and early June.

Australian Football League draft
The Australian Football League draft is the annual draft of unsigned players, especially new nominations, by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League (AFL).
University of North Alabama
The University of North Alabama (UNA) is a public university in Florence, Alabama, United States. It is the state's oldest university. Occupying a 130-acre (0.5 km2) campus in a residential section of Florence, UNA is located within a four-city area that also includes Tuscumbia, Sheffield and Muscle Shoals. The four cities compose a metropolitan area with a combined population of 140,000 people.

The University of North Alabama was one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. Some closed but most steadily expanded their role and became state colleges in the early 20th century and state universities in the late 20th century. It was founded as LaGrange College in 1830. It was reestablished in 1872 as the first state-supported teachers college south of the Ohio River. A year later, it became one of the nation's first coeducational colleges.

Sheffield, Alabama
Sheffield is a city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area. The population was 9,403 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 9,307 in 2023.
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering environmental and occupational health. It was established in 1919 as the Journal of Industrial Hygiene, and was renamed in 1960 to the Archives of Environmental Health. It obtained its current name in 2005. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Jacqueline Moline (Hofstra University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 0.9.

Environmental health
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. Its study determines the requirements for a healthy environment, with the goal of effective control over the factors that affect health. The major sub-disciplines of environmental health are environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, and environmental and occupational medicine.
Knight-errant
A knight-errant (or knight errant) is a figure of medieval chivalric romance literature. The adjective errant (meaning "wandering, roving") indicates how the knight-errant would wander the land in search of adventures to prove his chivalric virtues, either in knightly duels (pas d'armes) or in some other pursuit of courtly love.

Pas d'armes
The pas d'armes (French pronunciation: [pa daʁm]) or passage of arms was a type of hastilude (martial game) that evolved in late 14th century chivalry and remained popular through the 15th century. It involved a knight or group of knights (tenans or "holders") who would stake out a traveled spot, such as a bridge or city gate, and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass (venans or "comers") must first fight, or be disgraced. If a traveling venan did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge, one might be provided, and if the venan chose not to fight, he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way.
Turroni
Turroni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Costantino Bresciani Turroni (1882–1963), Italian economist and statistician

Fabio Casadei Turroni (born 1964), Italian novelist, musicologist, and journalist

Pio Turroni (1906–1982), Italian anarchist

Costantino Bresciani Turroni
Costantino Bresciani-Turroni (26 February 1882 – 7 December 1963) was an Italian economist and statistician. He was the last internationally known representative of Italy’s classical school of economics, which flourished in the early part of the century and continued to exert its influence between the world wars.
Carlos'n Charlie's
Carlos'n Charlie's is a chain of casual dining Mexican restaurants, primarily located in Mexican and Caribbean tourist destinations.

Carlos is Carlos Anderson, founder of Grupo Anderson's, who died in a 1990 plane crash, and Charlie is Charles Skipsey, his business partner. The company, founded in 1963, says that their more than 50 restaurants makes it Mexico's largest restaurateur. In addition to Carlos'n Charlie's, Grupo Anderson's has the Señor Frog's chain, along with other similarly-branded restaurants/bars like Carlos O'Brians and El Squid Roe.

Carlos'n Charlie's restaurants averaged $3.6 million in 2005 with an average check of $22.50. They expected sales to grow from $105 million to $112 million in 2006.

The parent company, Grupo Anderson's, is headquartered in Cancún, Mexico.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Nutritional epigenetics
Nutritional epigenetics is a science that studies the effects of nutrition on gene expression and chromatin accessibility. It is a subcategory of nutritional genomics that focuses on the effects of bioactive food components on epigenetic events.

Choline
Choline is a cation with the chemical formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+. Choline forms various salts, such as choline chloride and choline bitartrate. An essential nutrient for animals, it is a structural component of phospholipids and cell membranes.

Choline is used to synthesize acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and numerous functions of the nervous system. Choline is involved in early development of the brain, gene expression, cell membrane signaling, and brain metabolism.

Although humans synthesize choline in the liver, the amount produced naturally is insufficient to meet cellular functions, requiring that some choline be obtained from foods or dietary supplements. Foods rich in choline include meats, poultry, eggs, and other animal-based products, cruciferous vegetables, beans, nuts, and whole grains. Choline is present in breast milk and is commonly added as an ingredient to baby foods.
Kim Duk
Masanori Toguchi (戸口 正徳, Toguchi Masanori), born Pyo Jeong-deok (Korean: 표정덕; Hanja: 表正德; February 7, 1948), is a retired Zainichi Korean professional wrestler best known by his ring name Kim Duk (Japanese: キム・ドク, Hepburn: Kimu Doku). He was also known by the name Tiger Chung Lee in the World Wrestling Federation.

World Wrestling Council
The World Wrestling Council (WWC; Spanish: "Consejo Mundial de Lucha") is a professional wrestling promotion based in Puerto Rico. It was originally established as Capitol Sports Promotions in 1973 by Carlos Colón, Victor Jovica, and Gorilla Monsoon. By the mid-1990s, the promotion had changed its name to the World Wrestling Council. It was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance until 1988. WWC is among the oldest professional wrestling promotions in the world and one of only eight in the entire world to reach its 50th anniversary in continuous operation.
If Only My Heart Had a Voice
If Only My Heart Had a Voice is the twenty-fifth studio album by country music artist Kenny Rogers released in 1993 by Giant Records. It was Rogers' first album not to chart since 1976. The album includes the singles "Missing You", "Ol' Red" and "Wanderin' Man".

Giant Records
Giant Records was an American record label launched in 1990 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. Records and record executive Irving Azoff. Currently, this name is used as a Swedish label owned by Warner Music Sweden, a Swedish branch of Warner Music Group.
Caleb P. Bennett
Caleb Prew Bennett (November 11, 1758 – May 9, 1836) was an American soldier and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and a member of the Democratic Party who served as Governor of Delaware.

New Castle, Delaware
New Castle is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. The city is located six miles (10 km) south of Wilmington and is situated on the Delaware River. As of 2020, the city's population was 5,551. New Castle constitutes part of the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Meir Chadash
Rabbi Meir Chadash (alternatively transliterated as Meir Chodosh) (Hebrew: מאיר חדש; 1898-1989) was the mashgiach of the Hebron Yeshiva and a leading mussar disseminator in the 20th century.

Chadash was a talmid muvhak (primary student) of Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel (often referred to as the "Alter (elder) of Slabodka").
His strength was described as "adaptation and modification" of the Alter's teachings to "the nascent yeshiva world of Eretz Yisroel" both before and especially "after the war".

Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)
Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Hebrew: נתן צבי פינקל, Sephardic/Israeli: Natan Tzvi; Yiddish: נָטע הערש, romanized: Nota Hirsch; 1849–1927) was an influential Lithuanian Jewish leader of Orthodox Judaism in Eastern Europe and founder of the Slabodka yeshiva, in the town of Sloboda Vilyampolskaya (now Vilijampolė, a suburb of Kaunas). He is also known by the Yiddish appellation der Alter ("the Elder") and as the Alter of Slabodka. Many of his pupils were to become major leaders of Orthodox Judaism in the USA and Israel.
CHAW-FM
CHAW-FM is a Canadian FM radio station that broadcasts at 103.1 MHz in Little Current, Ontario, serving Algoma, Manitoulin and a good portion of the 17 and 69 Highways including Tobermory and areas of the northern Bruce Peninsula. The station, owned by Manitoulin Broadcasting Corporation through licensee Craig Timmermans, broadcasts a country format branded as Country 103. Timmermans received approval to broadcast from the CRTC on April 1, 2015. The station broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 35,200 watts (non-directional antenna with an effective height of antenna above average terrain of 178 metres).

Little Current, Ontario
Little Current is a community in the Town of Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands, Ontario, Canada, in the northeast end of Manitoulin Island. It is located at the namesake narrow channel that connects the North Channel to the west with the Georgian Bay to the east.

Its name refers to the currents that flow through the narrow passage that separates Manitoulin from Goat Island.
Thomas Ebright Memorial Award
The Thomas Ebright Memorial Award is presented annually for outstanding career contributions to the American Hockey League. The award is named for Thomas Ebright, the former owner of the Portland Pirates and Baltimore Skipjacks. Ebright was a longtime member of the Board of Governors until his death in 1997.

Portland Pirates
The Portland Pirates were a minor league professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL). Their home arena was the Cross Insurance Arena in downtown Portland, Maine. The franchise was previously known as the Baltimore Skipjacks from 1982 to 1993.

The Pirates were affiliated with the Washington Capitals (1993–2005), Anaheim Ducks (2005–2008), Buffalo Sabres (2008–2011), Phoenix/Arizona Coyotes (2011–2015), and the Florida Panthers (2015–2016). The organization hosted the AHL All-Star Classic in 2003 and 2010.

On May 4, 2016, the Pirates announced it had signed a letter of intent with an outside buyer to sell and relocate the franchise for the 2016–17 season. It was reported that the team would be relocated to Springfield, Massachusetts following the pending sale and relocation of the Springfield Falcons franchise to Tucson, Arizona. The transaction was approved by the AHL on May 23, 2016, and the franchise became the Springfield Thunderbirds.
Mush dialect
The Mush dialect (Armenian: Մշոյ բարբառ, Mšo barbař) is a Western Armenian dialect formerly spoken in the city of Mush (Muş) and the historic region of Taron, in present-day eastern Turkey. As a result of the extermination of the native Armenian population during the genocide of 1915, the dialect is almost completely extinct today with only several thousand native speakers in a number of villages in Armenia and three Armenian-populated villages in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia.

Armenian National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության գիտությունների ազգային ակադեմիա, ՀՀ ԳԱԱ, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan gitut’yunneri azgayin akademia) is the Armenian national academy, functioning as the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Armenia. It is a member of the International Science Council.
Tighassaline
Tighassaline is a town in Khénifra Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 7336.

It lies on the N8 highway, 26 kilometres south of Khénifra. Tighassaline hosts a weekly souk on Saturday, located at the northern edge of the town. The town is situated on a hill in a Middle Atlas valley, hemmed in by various mountains. To the south, Sidi Bou Ali sits near the top of Jbel al Bocta.

Béni Mellal-Khénifra
Béni Mellal-Khénifra (Arabic: بني ملال - خنيفرة, romanized: banī mallāl - ḵunayfira) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, covering an area of 28,374 km2, and recorded a population of 2,520,776 in the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Beni Mellal.
Simone Bodmer-Turner
Simone Bodmer-Turner is an artist and designer working in sculptures, lighting, and furniture. Her signature designs encompass one-tone organic materials and minimalism, inspired by artists like Valentine Schlegel and Savin Couelle. The designer typically works in ceramic and plaster.

Lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.
If Not Now Then When
If Not Now Then When is a compilation album containing material from the new wave band, The Motels, plus solo work by Martha Davis. This two disc album is a collection of twenty-seven rare tracks, demos, and recent recordings spanning 2002 to 2006, and outtakes from Davis' solo albums ...So the Story Goes and Beautiful Life. Fifteen of the tracks are previously unreleased.

Beautiful Life (Martha Davis album)
Beautiful Life, also known as Beautiful Life: A Slight Miscalculation, is the third solo studio album by Martha Davis, who is better known as the lead singer for the band The Motels.  The 2008 album is a concept album Martha developed with some help from Matthew Morgan about her mother's life and death by suicide.
Yakov Chernikhov
Yakov Georgievich Chernikhov (ukr. Яків Георгійович Чернихов) (5 (17) December 1889 in Pavlograd, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire (now Pavlohrad, Ukraine) – 9 May 1951 in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Russian architect and graphic designer known for working in the constructivist style. As an architect, painter, graphic artist, and architectural theorist, his greatest contribution was in the genre of architectural fantasy. He was described as the Soviet version of Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, and Antonio Sant'Elia all at once.  His books on architectural design published in Leningrad between 1927 and 1933 was also regarded amongst the most innovative texts (and illustrations) of their time.

Antonio Sant'Elia
Antonio Sant'Elia (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo santeˈliːa]; 30 April 1888 – 10 October 1916) was an Italian architect and a key member of the Futurist movement in architecture. He left behind almost no completed works of architecture and is primarily remembered for his bold sketches and influence on modern architecture.
Karolína Kosinová
Karolína Kosinová (born 21 May 1998) is a Czech ice hockey player for SDE Hockey of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) and member of the Czech national ice hockey team, She also plays elite ball hockey and is a member of the Czech national ball hockey team.

Czech Republic women's national ball hockey team
The Czech Republic women's national ball hockey team is the women's national ball hockey team of the Czech Republic, and a member of the International Street and Ball Hockey Federation (ISBHF).  The team has competed in every Women’s Ball Hockey World Championship since its inception in 2007.
Francisco Herrera Jiménez
Francisco Herrera Jiménez (born 29 January 1965) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the sixth district of Veracruz during the 61st Congress.  He previously served as a local deputy in the Congress of Veracruz and as municipal president of Papantla.

Congress of Veracruz
The Congress of the State of Veracruz (Spanish: Congreso del Estado de Veracruz) is the legislative branch of government of the Mexican state of Veracruz. It meets in the state capital, Xalapa.

It comprises 50 deputies (diputados), who are elected for three-year terms. Thirty deputies are elected in single-member districts, with the remaining 20 elected by proportional representation in a single, state-wide constituency.

The most recent election was held on 2 June 2024.
Starobalbukovo
Starobalbukovo (Russian: Старобалбуково; Bashkir: Балбуҡ, Balbuq) is a rural locality (a village) in Tungatarovsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 166 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Uchalinsky District
Uchalinsky District (Russian: Учали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Учалы районы, Uçalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, east, and south, Abzelilovsky District in the south, and with Beloretsky District in the west. The area of the district is 4,510 square kilometers (1,740 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uchaly (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 35,480.
Aftab Sachak
Aftab Sachak (born 16 July 1952) is a British actor. He went to an English public school before studying acting.

He made his television debut in King of the Ghetto in 1986 and played the serious minded shop keeper, Ashraf Karim, in the BBC soap opera, EastEnders (1988–1990). Since leaving EastEnders he has appeared in the BBC comedy Waiting for God (1993), Brothers in Trouble (1995), Call Red (1996), Out of Sight (1996–1998), The Bill (1999), Hope & Glory (2000), The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003) and Second Generation (2003) among others. On stage, Sachak's has appeared in Ayub Khan-Din's production of East Is East at the Octagon Theatre, Bolton, in 2005.

Whilst appearing in EastEnders, Sachak was declared bankrupt after incurring gambling debts, which led to him being evicted from his home.

East Is East (play)
East Is East is a 1996 play by Ayub Khan Din, first produced by Tamasha Theatre Company in co-production with the Royal Court and Birmingham Repertory Theatre. A semi-autobiographical story of growing up in a mixed-race, working-class family in 1970s Salford, East is East is often cited as one of the key works to bring South Asian culture to mainstream British audiences. The play was published by Nick Hern Books, and subsequently turned into the 1999 film East is East.
Central Asian Union
The Central Asian Union (CAU), later called the Central Asian Economic Union (CAEU), was an intergovernmental organization for economic integration between the Central Asian post-Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan between 1994 and 2004. Tajikistan joined the Union in 1996 as an observer. Several proposals to restore the Union have been put forward since its dissolution.

Observer status
Observer status is a privilege granted by some organizations to non-members to give them an ability to participate in the organization's activities. Observer status is often granted by intergovernmental organizations (IGO) to non-member parties and international nongovernmental organizations (INGO) that have an interest in the IGO's activities. Observers generally have a limited ability to participate in the IGO, lacking the ability to vote or propose resolutions.
Harry Loughran
Harry Loughran (born 1994) is a former Gaelic footballer who played for the Tyrone county team.

He played five times in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship as Tyrone reached the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, scoring goals against Donegal and Meath. He also scored eight goals for his club Moy during its winning 2018 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship campaign.

Loughran had surgery for a persistent back injury in November 2019 but announced his retirement at the age of 26 on 24 February 2021.

2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 132nd edition of the GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football competition since its establishment in 1887.

Thirty-three teams entered the competition – thirty-one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland (Kilkenny, as in previous years, did not enter), London and New York.