hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1850 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 11 June 1850. In the Chamber of Representatives elections the result was a victory for the Liberal Party, who won 69 of the 108 seats. Voter turnout was 69.1%, although only 40,435 people were eligible to vote.

Under the alternating system, elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.

Liberal Party (Belgium)
The Liberal Party (Dutch: Liberale Partij, pronounced [libəˈraːlə pɑrˈtɛi]; French: Parti libéral, pronounced [paʁti libeʁal]) was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.
Ross Garber
Ross H. Garber (born April 3, 1967) is an American lawyer, professor, and legal analyst. The New York Times noted that he has "arguably become the nation's leading practitioner of a subspecialty whose relevance can be a barometer of political rancor."  He has provided on-air commentary for CNN, MSNBC, NPR, and other outlets, and has written pieces for The Washington Post, CNN, The Los Angeles Times, and other publications. He teaches political investigations and impeachment at Tulane Law School and is considered a legal expert in those fields. He was a contributing author to the book Ethical Standards in the Public Sector.

Tulane University School of Law
The Tulane University School of Law is the law school of Tulane University. It is located on Tulane's Uptown campus in New Orleans, Louisiana. Established in 1847, it is the 12th oldest law school in the United States.
Jargalant, Bayankhongor
Jargalant (Mongolian: Жаргалант), also known as Baidrag (Mongolian: Байдраг), is a sum (district) of Bayankhongor Province in southern Mongolia. It is bordered by Zag sum to the west, Gurvanbulag sum to the northwest, Khangai sum of Arkhangai province and Chuluut sum to the northeast, and Galuut and Bömbögör sums to the east and south, respectively.

The northern part of the district includes portions of the Untaa Yamaat mountain range. The eastern section features the Egi Pass, while the southern boundary lies approximately 2.7 km south of the southern shore of Davsan Lake. The western boundary is marked by the Zag River.

Jargalant sum is administratively divided into four bag (subdistricts): Nam Tolgoi bag, Ulziit Heights bag, Crossing Spring team, and Emeel Togol bag.

Districts of Mongolia
A district or sum (/sʊm/; Mongolian: сум ᠰᠤᠮᠤ) is a second-level administrative subdivision of Mongolia. The 21 provinces of Mongolia are divided into 330 sums.

On average, each district administers a territory of 4,200 km2 (1,600 sq mi) with about 5,000 inhabitants, primarily nomadic herders. Its total revenue is 120 million Tögrög, 90% of which comes from national subsidies.

Each district is again subdivided into bags (brigades; sometimes spelled baghs). Most bags are of an entirely virtual nature. Their purpose is to sort the families of nomads in the district into groups, without a permanent human settlement.

Officially, and occasionally on maps, many district seats (sum centers) bear a name different from that of the district. However, in practice the district seat (sum center) is most often referred to under the name of the district, to the point of the official name of the district seat (sum center) being unknown even to the locals.
Metamfepramone
Metamfepramone (INN; also known as dimepropion (BAN), dimethylcathinone, and dimethylpropion) is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, and cathinone chemical classes. Dimethylcathinone was evaluated as an appetite suppressant and for the treatment of hypotension, but was never widely marketed.

It was used as a recreational drug in Israel under the name rakefet, but was made illegal in 2006.

Metamfepramone is metabolized to produce N-methylpseudoephedrine and methcathinone. It has also been found to be about 1.6 times less potent than methcathinone, making it roughly equipotent to cathinone itself.

Anorectic
An anorectic is a drug that reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. These substances work by affecting the central nervous system or certain neurotransmitters to create a feeling of fullness or reduce the desire to eat. The understanding of anorexiant effects is crucial in the development of interventions for weight management, eating disorders, and related health concerns. The anorexiant effect can be induced through diverse mechanisms, ranging from hormonal regulation to neural signaling. Ghrelin, leptin, and peptide YY are among the hormones involved in appetite control. Additionally, neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system contribute significantly to the regulation of food intake.

By contrast, an appetite stimulant is referred to as orexigenic.

The term is (from the Greek ἀν- an- 'without' and ὄρεξις órexis 'appetite'), and such drugs are also known as anorexigenic, anorexiant, or appetite suppressant.
Gailey railway station
Gailey railway station was a railway station built by the Grand Junction Railway in 1837.: 29  It served the small village of  Gailey, Staffordshire, 7 miles north of Wolverhampton City Centre, and was located near to the junction of the A5 and A449 roads.

The original name of the station was Spread Eagle railway station, and was named after a nearby pub.  It was renamed Gailey in 1881.

The station closed in 1951, although the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line loop from the West Coast Main Line still runs through the site of the station today.

Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line
The Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line (also known as the Birmingham loop) is a railway line in the West Midlands of England. It is a loop off the West Coast Main Line (WCML) between Rugby and Stafford, via the West Midlands cities of Coventry, Birmingham and Wolverhampton. The direct route between Rugby and Stafford is the Trent Valley line.
Elyria Elks Club
The Elyria Elks Club, in Elyria, Ohio, has served as a clubhouse of the Elks social fraternity.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The Elyria Elks Club makes extraordinary use of classical motifs.  Two-story Corinthian pilasters support a richly detailed entablature that is highlighted by medal-lions.  Above the entrance are a balcony and a set of windows enframed by Ionic pilasters and an entablature.  On the interior, the second floor houses a large meeting hall. Notable chiefly for its architectural styles, this Renaissance Revival building was constructed in the early 1900s.  The Elks occupied downtown buildings for some time before this building was constructed entirely for their own use.  The brick walls rest upon a stone foundation and the entire structure is covered by a flat composition roof.

Elyria, Ohio
Elyria (/əˈlɪəriə/ ə-LEER-ee-ə) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The city is at the forks of the Black River in Northeast Ohio. The population was 52,656 at the 2020 census. Located 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area and home to Lorain County Community College.
Gooseberry sawfly
The English name gooseberry sawfly refers to at least three species of sawfly:

Nematus ribesii, the common gooseberry sawfly or imported currentworm

Nematus leucotrochus, the pale-spotted gooseberry sawfly

Pristiphora appendiculata, the small gooseberry sawfly

Nematus ribesii
Nematus ribesii is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. English names include common gooseberry sawfly and imported currantworm. This insect is best known as a pest of gooseberries. The larvae feed on the foliage of the plant, often defoliating it completely.

Like all sawflies, this species is a hymenopteran, not a true fly. This insect can produce three generations per year, with larvae emerging between April and September. It differs in this respect from Nematus leucotrochus, the pale-spotted gooseberry sawfly, which has a single generation. The female sawfly lays eggs on the undersides of the leaves and the larvae work their way upwards, stripping the plant of foliage. The larva of this species of sawfly is up to 2 centimeters long and green in color with a black head and black spots along the body. The adult is yellowish with black markings, the females slightly larger than the males.
Converted Flamethrower 40
Umgebauter Flammenwerfer 40 (Converted Flamethrower 40) is a backpack flamethrower converted to shoot a powerful jet of water solution of CN gas as a riot control device. The device was first used by the Swiss police in 1970. They are found today to be mounted on a variety of trucks and are used to help disperse protesters without the use of potentially harmful or deadly force.

Some Converted Flamethrower 40s were loaned to the German police for use at the protests against  building the Runway West (Startbahn-West) at Frankfurt-am-Main in West Germany in 1979. The Cold War era Bundesgrenzschutz may also have had some examples in their inventory. Some police forces still regularly use them, for example in Aargau in Switzerland.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Billy Hill (songwriter)
William Joseph Hill (July 14, 1899 – December 24, 1940) was an American songwriter, violinist, and pianist who found fame writing Western songs such as "They Cut Down the Old Pine Tree", "The Last Round-Up", "Wagon Wheels", and "Empty Saddles". Hill's most popular song was "The Glory of Love", recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936 and by Peggy Lee, Otis Redding, Paul McCartney, and others.

Benny Goodman
Benjamin David Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing". His orchestra did well commercially.

From 1935 until the mid-1940s, Goodman led one of the most popular swing big bands in the United States. His concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938, is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history: jazz's 'coming out' party to the world of 'respectable' music."

Goodman's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians. During an era of racial segregation, he led one of the first integrated jazz groups, his trio and quartet. He continued performing until the end of his life while pursuing an interest in classical music.
Pirinaz Mosque
The Pirinaz Mosque (Albanian: Xhamia e Pirinazit) is a mosque located in Pristina, Kosovo. It was built in the second half of the 16th century and was founded by Piri Nazir who served as Vezir under two Ottoman Sultans. The Pirinaz Mosque is made of the same stone as the Imperial Mosque but its construction began 100 years later. This mosque represents an important cultural value, which is further increased by the belief that Prince Lazar's remains were buried on the location of today's Pirinaz Mosque with the permission of Sultan Bayezid, son and successor of Murat, who died in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. Later on, Lazar's remains were moved to Ravanica Monastery in Serbia. Furthermore, the local legend has it that "Stone of Lazar" located in the garden of Pirinaz Mosque was used to behead Prince Lazar. However, the real circumstances encompassing Lazar's death, remain unknown.

Bayezid I
Bayezid I (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد اول; Turkish: I. Bayezid), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم بايزيد; Turkish: Yıldırım Bayezid; c. 1360 – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of Sultan-i Rûm, Rûm being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1394, Bayezid unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople. Bayezid vanquished all the Beyliks and proceeded to conquer and vassalize the entirety of Anatolia. In 1402, he once more besieged Constantinople, appearing to find success, but he ultimately withdrew due to the invasion of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. He defeated the crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria in 1396. He was later defeated and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in captivity in March 1403, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum between his sons.
Spin Boldak bombing
The Spin Boldak bombing was a terrorist attack that occurred on February 18, 2008, when a car bomb detonated near a Canadian military convoy in a market in Spin Boldak, Afghanistan.  The attack killed 38 Afghans and injured at least 25 civilians.  In addition, four Canadian soldiers were lightly injured.

This suicide bombing – directed at a small convoy of Canadian armoured vehicles conducting a routine patrol alongside the Pakistan-Afghanistan border in Spin Boldak – occurred just one day after the 2008 Kandahar bombing, the deadliest terrorist attack during the Afghanistan War up until then.

Kandahar Governor Asadullah Khalid said the bombing would not have happened if the Canadians had heeded his warning about a suicide bomber moving about the area and not gone to Spin Boldak.

Asadullah Khalid
Asadullah Khalid is a politician in Afghanistan. He served as head of the National Directorate of Security (NDS), which is the domestic intelligence agency of Afghanistan. Before his appointment as the head of the NDS in September 2012, Khalid served as the Minister of Tribal and Border Affairs. Between 2005 and 2008, he was the Governor of Kandahar Province and prior to that as Governor of Ghazni Province (2002-2005). From 2018 until 2021 he was the Minister of Defense. Khalid is said to be affiliated with the Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan (Ittihad-i Islami) and has been noted as one of many loyalists of Afghan President Hamid Karzai.
King Family Band
The King Family Band (formerly known as The King Family Strings) is an American bluegrass, gospel, and country band from Monticello, Illinois. The band consists of all 9 family members, with the children ranging in age from 10–25.

With eleven years of experience, the Kings put on a high energy show that everyone is sure to enjoy. They excite audiences with banjo and fiddle favorites—such as the "Orange Blossom Special", Dueling Banjos and Rocky Top—as well as standard bluegrass, gospel, country and original music.

The King family first garnered recognition when they won the open stage competition at the Springfield, Illinois Bluegrass Festival, and were invited to  Silver Dollar City's Youth in Bluegrass Festival.

Orange Blossom Special (song)
"Orange Blossom Special" is a fiddle tune about the luxury passenger train of the same name. The song was written by Ervin T. Rouse (1917–1981) in 1938 and was first recorded by Rouse and his brother Gordon in 1939. Often called simply "The Special" or "OBS", the song is commonly referred to as "the fiddle player's national anthem".
Kaff al-Hammam
Kaff al-Hammam (Arabic: كاف الحمام, also spelled Kaf al-Hamam) is a village and suburb in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Tartus Governorate, located southeast of Tartus. Nearby localities include Hammam Wasel to the northwest, al-Qadmus to the northeast, Hammam Qanyah and al-Riqama to the east, Brummanet al-Mashayekh to the southeast, al-Shaykh Badr to the south, Brummanet Raad to the southwest and al-Qamsiyah to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Kaff al-Hammam had a population of 372 in the 2004 census. The inhabitants of the village are predominantly Ismailis.

Tartus
Tartus (Arabic: طَرْطُوس / ALA-LC: Ṭarṭūs; officially known as Tartous and also historically known in the County of Tripoli as Tortosa) is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. It is the second largest port city in Syria (after Latakia), and the largest city in Tartus Governorate. Tartus was under the governance of Latakia Governorate until the 1970s, when it became a separate governorate. The population is 458,327 (2023 estimate). In the summer it is a vacation spot for many Syrians.
Çanakçı
Çanakçı is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çanakçı District. Its population is 1,868 (2022).

Çanakçı is a small town inland from the Black Sea coastal town of Görele. Formerly part of the district of Görele, it became a district seat in 1990.

Famous "Kuşdili" festival is held in Çanakçı every July. Hundreds of people from nearby places attend this festival.

The Kemenche, which is one of the traditional Eastern Black Sea instruments, is played in Çanakçı. One of the most important folk songs is "Çanakçı'dan aşağı".

Kemenche
Kemenche (Turkish: kemençe; Greek: κεμεντζές) or kamancha (Persian: کمانچه; Armenian: Քամանչա) is a name used for various types of stringed bowed musical instruments originating in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Greece, Armenia, Iran, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. and regions adjacent to the Black Sea. These instruments are folk instruments, generally having three strings and played held upright with their tail on the knee of the musician. The name Kemenche derives from the Persian Kamancheh, meaning a "small bow".
Cliviger
Cliviger /ˈklɪvɪdʒər/ is a civil parish in the Borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England. It is situated to the southeast of Burnley, and northwest of Todmorden. According to the 2011 census, the parish has a population of 2,238.

Although the whole parish lies within the Borough of Burnley it is actually split between three post towns, with a few farms lying in either the Todmorden or Bacup postal areas. Nowadays, it is mainly a dormitory area for people working in Burnley and other towns in East Lancashire and West Yorkshire.

Contrary to popular (and in some cases mistaken local) belief there is no village of "Cliviger". The principal settlements within the parish are Walk Mill, Southward Bottom, Overtown, Mereclough and Holme Chapel.

Post town
A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system. Including the correct post town in the address increases the chance of a letter or parcel being delivered on time. Post towns in general originated as the location of delivery offices. As of 2004, their main function is to distinguish between localities or street names in addresses not including a postcode.
Menomonee (sculpture)
Menomonee is a public artwork by artist Hilary Goldblatt located on the former Emmber Foods, Inc. grounds on the south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The Cor-Ten steel piece is a horizontal constructivist abstract form composed of beams forming angles and open spaces. It was created in 1985 and is 4.5 ft high, 20 ft long and 4 ft wide.

Constructivism (art)
Constructivism is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko. Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization in favour of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for propaganda and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism, the Bolsheviks, and the Russian avant-garde.

Constructivist architecture and art had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Its influence was widespread, with major effects upon architecture, sculpture, graphic design, industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and, to some extent, music.
Flow map
A flow map is a type of thematic map that uses linear symbols to represent movement between locations. It may thus be considered a hybrid of a map and a flow diagram. The movement being mapped may be that of anything, including people, highway traffic, trade goods, water, ideas, telecommunications data, etc. The wide variety of moving material, and the variety of geographic networks through they move, has led to many different design strategies. Some cartographers have expanded this term to any thematic map of a linear network, while others restrict its use to maps that specifically show movement of some kind.

Many flow maps use line width proportional to the amount of flow, making them similar to other maps that use proportional size, including cartograms (altering region area), and proportional point symbols.

Map symbol
A map symbol or cartographic symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other forms of symbols. Map symbols may include point markers, lines, regions, continuous fields, or text; these can be designed visually in their shape, size, color, pattern, and other graphic variables to represent a variety of information about each phenomenon being represented.

Map symbols simultaneously serve several purposes:

Declare the existence of geographic phenomena

Show location and extent

Visualize attribute information

Add to (or detract from) the aesthetic appeal of the map, and/or evoke a particular aesthetic reaction (a "look and feel")

Establish an overall gestalt order to make the map more or less useful, including visual hierarchy
Klaus Nordling
Klaus Nordling (May 29, 1910 – November 19, 1986) was an American writer-artist for American comic books. He is best known for his work on the 1940s masked-crimefighter feature "Lady Luck", and as co-creator of the Marvel Comics superhero the Thin Man. Some of the early Nordling's pen names are Fred Nordley, F. Klaus, Ed Norris, and Clyde North.

Fox Feature Syndicate
Fox Feature Syndicate (also known as Fox Comics, Fox Publications, and Bruns Publications, Inc.) was a comic book publisher from early in the period known to fans and historians as the Golden Age of Comic Books. Founded by entrepreneur Victor S. Fox, it produced such titles as Blue Beetle, Fantastic Comics and Mystery Men Comics.

It is not related to the company Fox Publications (a Colorado publisher of railroad photography books), nor 20th Century Fox (formed from Fox Studios and later renamed 20th Century Studios in 2020) and its associated companies.
Vienna – Berlin
Vienna – Berlin (German: Wien – Berlin) is a 1926 Austrian-German silent drama film directed by Hans Steinhoff and starring Charlotte Ander, Anita Dorris and Egon von Jordan. It was shot at the Terra Studios in Berlin. The film's art director was Hans Jacoby. It premiered at Berlin's Gloria-Palast.

Gloria-Palast
52°30′16″N 13°20′00″E﻿ / ﻿52.504572°N 13.333282°E﻿ / 52.504572; 13.333282The Gloria-Palast was a German cinema located on the Kurfürstendamm in the German capital Berlin. It was constructed in 1924 and replaced the existing neo-Baroque Romanischen Hauses designed by Franz Heinrich Schwechten. It became a common location for Berlin premieres of new films. In 1930 the hit The Blue Angel first screened at the Palast. In 1943 the cinema was gutted by a fire caused by an Allied bombing raid during the Second World War. After the war, the cinema was refurbished and reopened in what was now West Berlin during the Cold War. Other prestige cinemas located in the area included the Marmorhaus. In 2017 the redevelopment of the cinema was approved and it was demolished the following year.