hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manny SD Lopez
Emmanuel "Manny" Santo Domingo Lopez (born June 30, 1958) is a Filipino political activist who advocates direct democracy. He is the convenor of such groups as the anti-Bangsamoro Basic Law group that called itself Christian Peace Alliance and the anti-Benigno Aquino III group called EdlSA 2.22.15 Coalition. Previously he formed the EPIRMA, a group of direct democracy advocates. He ran for vice president under the Labor Party Philippines in the 2022 Philippine elections.

Direct democracy
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate directly decides on policy initiatives, without elected representatives as proxies, as opposed to the representative democracy model which occurs in the majority of established democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic constituted the core of the work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.
South-West Irish English
South-West Irish English (also known as South-West Hiberno-English) is a class of broad varieties of English spoken in Ireland's South-West Region (the province of Munster). Within Ireland, the varieties are best associated with  either the urban working class of the South-West or traditional rural Ireland in general, and they are popularly identified by their specific city or county, such as Cork English, Kerry English, or Limerick English.

South-West Region, Ireland
The South-West is a strategic planning area within the Southern Region in Ireland. It is a NUTS Level III statistical region of Ireland (coded IE053). It includes the city of Cork and the counties of Cork and Kerry. The South-West region spans 12,120 km2 (4,680 sq mi), roughly 16% of the total area of the state and according to the 2022 census has a population of 736,489.

From 1994 to 2014, the region was governed by the South-West Regional Authority. That body was abolished in 2014 and from 2015, it was succeeded by the Southern Regional Assembly.

The South-West Region benefits from a mild climate and has a very scenic environment, which includes features such as MacGillycuddy's Reeks (the highest mountain range in Ireland), the Dingle Peninsula, Mizen Head and the Iveragh Peninsula, along with numerous small islands.
Fred Stone (musician)
Fred Stone (sometimes credited as Freddie Stone) (9 September 1935 – 10 December 1986) was a Canadian flugelhornist, trumpeter, pianist, composer, writer, and music educator. He worked as a soloist within both the classical and jazz repertoires from the 1950s through the early 1970s, appearing in concerts with the Duke Ellington Orchestra, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, the Ottawa Symphony Orchestra, and the San Diego Symphony. Between 1971 and 1983, he mainly focused on his work as a composer and teacher, making only periodic public performances, and often with ensembles composed largely of his students. In 1984, he formed "Freddie's Band", a jazz ensemble in residence at The Music Gallery in Toronto. He performed with this group up until his death two years later.

Ottawa Symphony Orchestra
The Ottawa Symphony Orchestra (OSO) is a full size orchestra in Ottawa, Canada, including professional, student and amateur musicians. With around 100 musicians, the OSO is Ottawa's largest orchestra, which allows it to perform large symphonic repertoire of the 19th and 20th centuries, including works by Canadian composers.
Richard and Samuel
Richard and Samuel is an unfinished novel by Max Brod and Franz Kafka. It was started in November 1911, and only the first chapter was written. The text with an outline of the plot and characters appeared in the May 1912 edition of Herder-Blätter, edited by Willy Haas, a close friend of both Brod and Kafka.

Willy Haas
Willy Haas (7 June 1891 – 4 September 1973) was a German editor, film critic, and screenwriter. He wrote for 19 films between 1922 and 1933, and was a member of the jury at the 8th Berlin International Film Festival.
Khalid Usman
Khalid Usman (born 1 March 1986) is a Pakistani cricketer. He was the leading wicket-taker for Water and Power Development Authority in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with thirteen dismissals in eight matches. In January 2021, he was named as the captain of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for the 2020–21 Pakistan Cup, leading the team to the title after defeating Central Punjab by seven wickets in the final.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team was a domestic cricket team in Pakistan representing the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It competed in domestic first-class, List A and T20 cricket tournaments, namely the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Pakistan Cup and National T20 Cup. The team was operated by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cricket Association.
Poncione d'Arzo
The Poncione d'Arzo is a mountain of the Lugano Prealps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy, about 250 meters east of Monte Pravello. It lies south of Lake Lugano, on the group culminating at Monte San Giorgio.

Lugano Prealps
The Lugano Prealps (Prealpi Luganesi or Prealpi Lombarde Occidentali in Italian) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland) and Lombardy (northern Italy).
Der Spatz vom Wallrafplatz
Der Spatz vom Wallrafplatz (engl.:The Sparrow of Wallraf Place) is a German television series which was aired by German public broadcaster Westdeutscher Rundfunk from 1969 to 1976. The show centers around the adventures of a sparrow which lives on a platanus tree on Wallraf Place in the heart of Cologne, close to the Westdeutscher Rundfunk building, Germany's biggest public broadcaster. While the scenes were shot at actual locations on Wallrafplatz and other places in Cologne, the sparrow was "played" by a Marionette and on one occasion, by a stick puppet.

Westdeutscher Rundfunk
Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (pronounced [ˈvɛstˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk ˈkœln]; "West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR (pronounced [ˌveːdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. As well as contributing to the output of the national television channel Das Erste, WDR produces the regional television service WDR Fernsehen (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio networks.
The Butcher and the Butterfly
The Butcher and the Butterfly is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Queenadreena, released in May 2005 though One Little Indian and Imperial Records. The album features writing from frontwoman KatieJane Garside, guitarist Crispin Gray, and drummer Pete Howard, as well as contributions from Garside's sister, Melanie Garside, who also plays bass on the album. Richard Adams, the bassist of Garside and Gray's former band, Daisy Chainsaw, also has a co-writing credit on one track.

Daisy Chainsaw
Daisy Chainsaw were an English rock band from London, England, formed in 1989. The band was founded by vocalist KatieJane Garside and guitarist Crispin Gray. Garside appeared on the band's early EPs and 1992 debut album, Eleventeen, until her departure in 1993. Belinda Leith replaced Garside as vocalist for the band's final album, For They Know Not What They Do, released in 1994, before dissolving in 1995.
Hometowns
Hometowns is the debut album by Canadian indie rock band The Rural Alberta Advantage. Originally released independently in early 2008, the album gained international exposure when the band was selected as eMusic's featured artist of the month for November 2008. The band subsequently signed to Saddle Creek Records, and the label rereleased the album on July 7, 2009.

The Rural Alberta Advantage
The Rural Alberta Advantage is a Canadian indie rock band that formed in 2005 in Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Nils Edenloff on lead vocals and guitar; Amy Cole (Robin Hatch between September 2016 and January 2018) on keyboards, bass, and backing vocals; and Paul Banwatt on drums. They have released five albums and are signed to Paper Bag Records in Canada and Saddle Creek Records internationally. In 2011, they were nominated for a Polaris Music Prize.
Bench trial
A bench trial is a trial by judge, as opposed to a jury.  The term applies most appropriately to any  administrative hearing in relation to a summary offense to distinguish the type of trial. Many legal systems (Roman, Islamic) use bench trials for most or all cases or for certain types of cases.

As a jury renders a verdict, in a bench trial, a judge does the same by making a finding.

Summary offence
A summary offence or petty offence is a violation in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment (required for an indictable offence).
2017 Tour of Flanders
The 2017 Tour of Flanders (Dutch: Ronde van Vlaanderen 2017) was the 101st edition of the Tour of Flanders, a one-day cycling classic, that took place on 2 April 2017. It was the second monument race of the 2017 cycling season and the thirteenth event of the 2017 UCI World Tour. The race marked the pinnacle of the Flemish Cycling Week.

The race was won by Belgian national champion Philippe Gilbert from the Quick-Step Floors team, after a solo attack on the Oude Kwaremont and holding off the rest of the field over the remaining 55 kilometres (34 mi). Second place went to another Belgian, Greg Van Avermaet of the BMC Racing Team, beating Dutch riders Niki Terpstra (Quick-Step Floors) and Dylan van Baarle from Cannondale–Drapac in a three-up sprint finish for the podium placings.

CCC Pro Team
CCC Pro Team (UCI team code: CCC) was a UCI WorldTeam co-owned and managed by American cyclist Jim Ochowicz, who founded the 7-Eleven Cycling Team. After its last title sponsor, CCC, a Polish shoe retailer, pulled out due to financial difficulties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, Ochowicz was unable to find another major sponsor, so the team disbanded at the end of the 2020 season. In its place, Belgian UCI ProTeam Circus–Wanty Gobert took over the team's license and was promoted to a UCI WorldTeam.
Yamaska, Quebec
Yamaska (French pronunciation: [jamaska]) is a municipality in the Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality, in the Montérégie region of Quebec. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,644.

Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality
Pierre-De Saurel (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ də soʁɛl]) is a regional county municipality  in the Montérégie region in southwestern Quebec, Canada. Originally named Le Bas-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, the name change to Pierre-De Saurel took effect on January 1, 2009. Its seat is in Sorel-Tracy. It is located on the Richelieu River, downstream from La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality at the confluence of the Richelieu and Saint Lawrence River.

The RCM is named after Pierre de Saurel, a captain of the Carignan-Salières Regiment who rebuilt Fort Richelieu in 1666 and later became the area's seigneur.
The Holy Family Album
The Holy Family Album is a television documentary written and narrated by Angela Carter. It was directed by Jo Ann Kaplan and produced by John Ellis at Large Door Productions, London, UK.  It was broadcast on the UK's Channel 4 on 3 December 1991 as part of the Without Walls series, commissioned by Waldemar Januszczak.

The documentary treats representations of Christ in Western art as if they are photographs in God's photo album.  According to John Ellis, the programme "caused considerable controversy", and was criticised in an editorial in The Times even before it was transmitted.  The programme was featured in Channel 4's review programme Right to Reply and a complaint to the Broadcasting Standards Council was not upheld.  It has not been retransmitted or published since Angela Carter's death in 1992.

Right to Reply
Right to Reply (sometimes called R2R) is a British television series shown on Channel 4 from 1982 until 2001, which allowed viewers to voice their complaints or concerns about TV programmes. It featured reports, usually presented by a viewer, and interviews with the programme-makers concerned.
Isaac the Jew
Isaac the Jew, also known by his Latin name "Isaac Judaeus", (died 836) was an 8th century Frankish Jew who was a favoured diplomat of Carolingian emperor Charlemagne. Isaac also served as an important community leader for the Frankish Jewish community. According to Arthur J. Zuckerman's book A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, Isaac was a notable member of the House of Exilarchs; however this claim has been criticized by many.

8th century
The 8th century is the period from 701 (represented by the Roman numerals DCCI) through 800 (DCCC) in accordance with the Julian Calendar.

In the historiography of Europe the phrase the long 8th century is sometimes used to refer to the period of circa AD 660–820.

The coast of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula quickly came under Islamic Arab domination. The westward expansion of the Umayyad Empire was famously halted at the siege of Constantinople by the Byzantine Empire and the Battle of Tours by the Franks. The tide of Arab conquest came to an end in the middle of the 8th century.

In Europe, late in the century, the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia, begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean, and go on to found several important kingdoms.

In Asia, the Pala Empire is founded in Bengal.  The Tang dynasty reaches its pinnacle under Chinese Emperor Xuanzong.  The Nara period begins in Japan.
Mosbacher
Mosbacher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dee Mosbacher (born 1949), American filmmaker and lesbian feminist, daughter of Robert

Emil Mosbacher (1922–1997), American yachtsman

Eric Mosbacher (1903–1998), English journalist

Georgette Mosbacher (born 1947), American businesswoman and Republican fundraiser; former wife of Robert

Peter Mosbacher (1912–1977), German actor

Robert Mosbacher (1927–2010), American businessman, United States Secretary of Commerce, yachtsman

Robert Mosbacher Jr. (born 1951), American businessman and Republican politician; former head of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation; son of Robert

Robert Mosbacher
Robert Adam Mosbacher Sr. (March 11, 1927 – January 24, 2010) was an American businessman, accomplished yacht racer, and a Republican politician. A longtime friend and political ally of George H. W. Bush, Mosbacher served in Bush's Cabinet as Secretary of Commerce from 1989 to 1992.
Freddie Shepard
Frederick Douglas Shepard (June 12, 1916 – December 5, 1999) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1940s.

A native of Wetumpka, Alabama, Shepard attended Morris Brown College. He made his Negro league debut in 1943 for the Baltimore Elite Giants, then played for the Atlanta Black Crackers through 1944, and the Birmingham Black Barons in 1945 and 1946. Shepard played minor league baseball in 1950 for the Minot Mallards of the Mandak League. He died in Birmingham, Alabama in 1999 at age 83.

Wetumpka, Alabama
Wetumpka (US: /wɪˈtʌmkə/) is a city in and the county seat of Elmore County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,220. In the early 21st century, Elmore County became one of the fastest-growing counties in the state. The city is considered part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Area.

Wetumpka identifies as "The City of Natural Beauty". Among the notable landmarks are the Wetumpka crater and the Jasmine Hill Gardens, with a full-sized replica of the Temple of Hera of Olympia, Greece. Historic downtown Wetumpka developed on both sides of the Coosa River. It was near Fort Toulouse, built by French colonists in 1717, when they had claimed this territory for the king. In 2022, the city received worldwide ridicule after jailing two elderly women attempting to feed and neuter stray cats.
Committee
A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly or organization sends matters to a committee as a way to explore them more fully than would be possible if the whole assembly or organization were considering them. Committees may have different functions and their types of work differ depending on the type of organization and its needs.

A member of a legislature may be delegated a committee assignment, which gives them the right to serve on a certain committee.

Supermajority
A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority, the latter sometimes expressed as a "50% + 1 vote". Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy, the supermajority rule is applied in most cases.
Alex Grinch
Alexander Gregory Grinch (born May 29, 1980) is an American college football coach who is the defensive coordinator for UCF. He previously served as the defensive coordinator at Wisconsin, USC, Oklahoma, Ohio State and Washington State. Grinch also coached the secondary at Missouri, New Hampshire and Wyoming. Grinch is a four-time nominee for the Broyles Award and was a semifinalist in 2017 and 2019. In all, Grinch has coached two dozen NFL draft picks and 40+ student-athletes who went on to the professional ranks.

Broyles Award
The Broyles Award is an annual award given to honor the best assistant coach in college football.  First awarded in 1996, it was named after former University of Arkansas men's athletic director Frank Broyles.  The award is presented in Little Rock, Arkansas at the Downtown Rotary Club. To date 18 of the 23 winners have gone on to become head football coaches.
Brevet de technicien supérieur
The Brevet de technicien supérieur (BTS) senior technologist’s certificate (in English: "Advanced Technician Certificate") is a national diploma of higher education in France, established in 1959.

The technician certificate is usually earned in two years, after graduating with a "Bac" (baccalauréat) in a section of senior technician (STS) or a general section such as Science, Economics depending on the program. The training curriculum includes periods of internship.

The BTS is a level 5 diploma in the French diploma system (equivalent to level 5 ISCED in England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Graduation is by final exam scores which includes an oral presentation of a written internship report.

International Standard Classification of Education
The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is a statistical framework for organizing information on education maintained by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It is a member of the international family of economic and social classifications of the United Nations.
Rogaland Sparebank
Rogaland Sparebank is a Norwegian savings bank, headquartered in Sandnes, Norway. The banks main market is Rogaland. The bank was established in 1875 as Sandnes Sparebank and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 1995. In 2024 Sandnes Sparebank and Hjelmeland Sparebank where merged and changed name to Rogaland Sparebank.

Oslo Stock Exchange
59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944

Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian: Oslo Børs) (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The Euronext consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.
Saint Thomas the Apostle (El Greco)
Saint Thomas the Apostle is a 1608–1614 painting of Thomas the Apostle by El Greco, now in the Museo del Prado.

It originally formed part of a series of works produced by the artist for the parish church in Almadrones, Spain, a series which represented a set of variants on a set of paintings of the apostles (or Apostolate) for Toledo Cathedral. The painting is key to Gregorio Marañón's theory that the painter used  mental patients at the Hospital del Nuncio as models.

Gregorio Marañón
Gregorio Marañón y Posadillo, OWL ([ɡɾeˈɣoɾjo maɾaˈɲon]; 19 May 1887 – 27 March 1960) was a Spanish physician, scientist, historian, writer and philosopher. He married Dolores Moya in 1911, and they had four children (Carmen, Belén, María Isabel and Gregorio).
2019 Río Piedras shooting
On October 14, 2019, six people were killed during a shootout between drug gangs in a gun battle at the Ernesto Ramos Antonini de Río Piedras residential apartments in the Río Piedras area of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The shooting led to alarm partly because it followed an earlier shooting in the same area that resulted in two deaths.  News reports were of earlier shootings in other areas, one in Cayey resulting in three deaths and another in a gas station that resulted in three deaths. The first in this series of massacres was three people in Ciales on June 10. More than 1000 bullet shells were recovered from the scene.

Shootout
A shootout, also called a firefight, gunfight, or gun battle, is a confrontation in which parties armed with firearms exchange gunfire. The term can be used to describe any such fight, though it is typically used in a non-military context or to describe combat situations primarily using firearms (generally excluding crew-served weapons, combat vehicles, armed aircraft, or explosives).

Shootouts often pit law enforcement against criminals, though they can also involve parties outside of law enforcement, such as rival gangs, militias, or individuals. Military combat situations are rarely titled "shootouts", and are almost always considered battles, engagements, skirmishes, exchanges, or firefights.

Shootouts are often depicted in action films, Westerns, and video games.
The Great Canadian Baking Show season 4
The fourth season of The Great Canadian Baking Show premiered on CBC Television on February 14, 2021. As with previous seasons, ten amateur bakers will compete over eight weeks of challenges, vying for the title. The season marked the debut of Ann Pornel and Alan Shane Lewis as hosts, who replaced Carolyn Taylor and Aurora Browne. Bruno Feldeisen and Kyla Kennaley returned for their fourth and second seasons respectively as judges.

Bruno Feldeisen
Bruno Feldeisen (born  1964 or 1965) is a French chef, restaurateur and television personality. He is current executive chef at the Semiahmoo Resort near Blaine, Washington and a judge for The Great Canadian Baking Show on CBC Television. Aside from his work as a chef, Feldeisen is a spokesman for the mental health advocacy group Anxiety Canada.

He is the former executive pastry chef for the Four Seasons Hotel New York in New York City and Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver in Vancouver. Feldeisen is also a former instructor at the Pacific Institute of Culinary Arts and a multiple James Beard Award nominee.