hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 United States Shadow Senator election in the District of Columbia
The 2008 United States Shadow Senator election in the District of Columbia took place on November 4, 2008, to elect a shadow member to the United States Senate to represent the District of Columbia. The member was only recognized by the District of Columbia and not officially sworn or seated by the United States Senate.

Incumbent Shadow Senator Paul Strauss won reelection to a third term.

Shadow congressperson
The posts of shadow United States senator and shadow United States representative are held by elected or appointed government officials from subnational polities of the United States that lack congressional vote. While these officials are not seated in either chamber of Congress, they seek recognition for their subnational polity, up to full statehood. This would enfranchise them with full voting rights on the floor of the U.S. House and Senate, alongside existing states. As of 2021, only the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have authorized shadow delegations to Congress.

This is distinct from shadow delegates, who are elected or appointed from subnational polities of the United States to seek non-voting participation in the House. As of 2024, only the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians elect shadow delegates.
Plácido Navas Lloret
Plácido Navas Lloret (born 5 October 1952) is a Spanish Professor of Cell Biology in the Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology at the Pablo de Olavide University in Sevilla, Spain. From 2002 to 2012, Professor Navas served as a board member of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association; since 2013, he has been the chairman of the association.

Professor Navas' primary research interests include Coenzyme Q biosynthesis and biological functions, Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, plasma membrane structure and function, oxidative stress, lipophilic antioxidants, aging processes, and the mitochondria.

University of Seville
The University of Seville (Universidad de Sevilla) is a  university in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. Founded under the name of Colegio Santa María de Jesús in 1505, in 2022 it has a student body of 57,214, and is ranked 6th among Spanish universities.
Gansurhinus
Gansurhinus is an extinct genus of moradisaurine captorhinid known from the Middle Permian Qingtoushan Formation of the Qilian Mountains and the Late Permian Naobaogou Formation in the Daqing Mountains of China. It was first named by Robert R. Reisz, Jun Liu, Jin-Ling Li and Johannes Müller in 2011 and the type species is Gansurhinus qingtoushanensis. A second species, Gansurhinus naobaogouensis, was described in 2023 based on a relatively complete skeleton of an immature individual.

2011 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2011.
Boulder Creek Bridge (Boulder, Colorado)
The Boulder Creek Bridge near Boulder, Colorado is a concrete slab and girder bridge which was built in 1953.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

It brings Colorado State Highway 119 over Boulder Creek, and was under Federal rather than state management as the highway provides access from Boulder to the Roosevelt National Forest.

It was designed by the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads.  It is 100 feet (30 m) in total length, and 39 feet (12 m) wide carrying a 34 feet (10 m)-wide roadbed.  It consists of three spans, the main one being 48 feet (15 m) long.  It has concrete abutments, wingwalls, and spill-through piers.  Steel flex beams on the approach were a later addition.

It was deemed technologically significant as one of the first concrete girder bridges in Colorado of a new type, having parabolically arched beams rather than flat ones, and supported by concrete spill through piers.

Colorado State Highway 119
State Highway 119 (SH 119) is a 63.7-mile-long (102.5 km) state highway in north central Colorado. It extends in a southwest to northeast direction, from a junction with U.S. Route 6 (US 6) in Clear Creek Canyon between Golden and Idaho Springs to a junction with Interstate 25 (I-25) east of Longmont.
The southwest portion of the road is a scenic mountain drive providing dramatic vistas of the Front Range, while the northeast portion is a busy interurban thoroughfare. The city of Boulder separates these two vastly different sections of SH 119.
NewDES
In cryptography, NewDES is a symmetric key block cipher. It was created in 1984–1985 by Robert Scott as a potential DES replacement.

Despite its name, it is not derived from DES and has quite a different structure. Its intended niche as a DES replacement has now mostly been filled by AES. The algorithm was revised with a modified key schedule in 1996 to counter a related-key attack; this version is sometimes referred to as NewDES-96.

In 2004, Scott posted some comments on sci.crypt reflecting on the motivation behind NewDES's design and what he might have done differently so as to make the cipher more secure.

Cryptography newsgroups
There are several newsgroups relevant for discussions about cryptography and related issues.

sci.crypt — an unmoderated forum for discussions on technical aspects of cryptography.

sci.crypt.research — a similar, moderated group, focusing on research into cryptography. It was founded based on a charter by Peter Gutmann.

sci.crypt.random-numbers — discuss generation of cryptographically secure random numbers.

talk.politics.crypto — discussions of the relationship between cryptography and government. The original charter was by D.J. Silverton.

alt.security.pgp — discussion of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and related software.
1961 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1961 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 63rd staging of the Cork Junior A Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895. The championship ran from 8 October to 10 December 1961.

The final was played on 10 December 1961 at Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Mitchelstown and O'Donovan Rossa, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Mitchelstown won the match by 2–08 to 2–04 to claim their first ever championship title.

Mitchelstown GAA
Mitchelstown GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association based in the town of Mitchelstown, County Cork, Ireland. The club fields teams in competitions organized by the Cork GAA county board and the Avondhu GAA divisional board. The club plays only Gaelic football.
KHYM
KHYM is a Christian radio station broadcasting on 103.9 FM, licensed to Copeland, Kansas and serving the areas of Dodge City, Kansas, Garden City, Kansas, and Liberal, Kansas. The station is owned by Great Plains Christian Radio. KHYM began broadcasting December 23, 1997.

The station's format consists primarily of Christian music with midday and evening blocks of Christian talk and teaching.  Christian talk and teaching programs heard on KHYM include; In Touch with Dr. Charles Stanley, Back to the Bible, Leading The Way with Michael Youssef, Turning Point with David Jeremiah, Insight For Living with Chuck Swindoll, Focus on the Family.

Liberal, Kansas
Liberal is a city in and the county seat of Seward County, Kansas, United States.  As of 2024, the population of the city was 18,743. It is located in southwestern Kansas, along U.S. Route 54 highway, near the Kansas-Oklahoma state line.  Liberal is the home of Seward County Community College.
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine
EBDB, also known as 1,3-benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-α,N-diethylphenethylamine, or ethyl-J, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, phenylisobutylamine, and MDxx families. It is the N-ethyl analogue of BDB (J) and the α-ethyl analogue of MDEA.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Claude AnShin Thomas
Claude Anshin Thomas (born 1947) is an American Zen Buddhist monk and Vietnam War veteran.  He is an international speaker, teacher and writer, and an advocate of non-violence. Thomas was brought to Buddhism by Vietnamese Zen Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh, and was ordained in 1995 by Tetsugen Bernard Glassman of the Zen Peacemaker Order.  Thomas teaches Buddhist meditation practice and dharma to the public through social projects, talks, and retreats.  Since 1994, Thomas has walked 19,000 miles (31,000 km) on peace pilgrimages throughout Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the United States.  While walking, Thomas carries no money, and begs for food and shelter in the mendicant monk tradition.  He is the author of At Hell's Gate: A Soldier's Journey from War to Peace (2004) and founder of the Zaltho Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending violence.

Laura Flanders
Laura Flanders (born 5 December 1961) is an English broadcast journalist living in the United States who presents the weekly, long-form interview show The Laura Flanders Show. Flanders has described herself as a "lefty person".
Journal of Optical Microsystems
Journal of Optical Microsystems is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published quarterly by SPIE. It covers fundamental and applied research in microphotonics and optical systems. It was established in 2021 and the editor-in-chief is Hans Zappe (University of Freiburg).

Microphotonics
Microphotonics is a branch of technology that deals with directing light on a microscopic scale and is used in optical networking. Particularly, it refers to the branch of technology that deals with wafer-level integrated devices and systems that emit, transmit, detect, and process light along with other forms of radiant energy with photon as the quantum unit.

Microphotonics employs at least two different materials with a large differential index of refraction to squeeze the light down to a small size.  Generally speaking, virtually all of microphotonics relies on Fresnel reflection to guide the light.  If the photons reside mainly in the higher index material, the confinement is due to total internal reflection.  If the confinement is due many distributed Fresnel reflections, the device is termed a photonic crystal.  There are many different types of geometries used in microphotonics including optical waveguides, optical microcavities, and Arrayed waveguide gratings.
Tatayet
Tatayet (French pronunciation: [tatajɛ]) is a Belgian puppet, operated by Belgian ventriloquist Michel Dejeneffe since 15 December 1975. Dejeneffe performed the character on stage in theater shows for more than 40 years and recorded comedy records with him.

Ventriloquism
Ventriloquism is the performance art of speaking or producing sounds so that the voice appears to come from a source other than the performer, most often a puppet or "dummy." Ventriloquists create the illusion of a separate character by manipulating the puppet and producing distinct voices, often for comedy, storytelling, or theatrical entertainment. The technique requires precise vocal control and minimal lip movement. Ventriloquism has historical roots in ancient cultures and theater, and it continues to be practiced in live performances, television, and media worldwide.
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen, 3,199 m (10,495 ft), is a mountain located in the Kicking Horse River Valley of Yoho National Park, 1⁄2 km east of Field, British Columbia, Canada. The mountain was named in 1886 for George Stephen, the first president of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The mountain is mainly composed of shales and dolomites from the Cambrian Period, some 550 million years ago. The Stephen Formation, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin was first described at the mountain and was named for it.  Stephen has a subpeak known as Stephen SE1, at the end of a 1 km ridge, 132° from the main peak, visible from Lake O'Hara.

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) underlies 1.4 million square kilometres (540,000 sq mi) of Western Canada including southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, Alberta, northeastern British Columbia and the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories. This vast sedimentary basin consists of a massive wedge of sedimentary rock extending from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Canadian Shield in the east. This wedge is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) thick under the Rocky Mountains, but thins to zero at its eastern margins. The WCSB contains one of the world's largest reserves of petroleum and natural gas and supplies much of the North American market, producing more than 450 million cubic metres (16 billion cubic feet) per day of gas in 2000. It also has huge reserves of coal. Of the provinces and territories within the WCSB, Alberta has most of the oil and gas reserves and almost all of the oil sands.
Luther Gilyard
Luther Gilyard Jr. (February 20, 1910 – September 20, 1976), sometimes listed as "Gillard", was an American Negro league baseball first baseman in the 1930s and 1940s.

A native of Fort Smith, Arkansas, Gilyard made his Negro leagues debut in 1937 with the St. Louis Stars and Chicago American Giants. He played for Chicago again the following two seasons, and finished his career in 1942 with the Birmingham Black Barons. Gilyard died in Detroit, Michigan in 1976 at age 66.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Merneith
Merneith (also written Merit-neith and Meryt-Neith; died c. 2950 BC) was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the First Dynasty.

She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right, based on several official records. If this was the case and the earlier royal wife Neithhotep never ruled as an independent regent, Merneith may have been the first female pharaoh and the earliest queen regnant in recorded history. Her rule occurred around 2950 BC for an undetermined period. Merneith's name means "Beloved by Neith" and her stele contains symbols of that ancient Egyptian deity. She may have been Djer's daughter and was probably Djet's senior royal wife. The former meant that she would have been the great-granddaughter of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer. She was also the mother of Den, her successor.

First Dynasty of Egypt
The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt. It immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, by Menes, or Narmer, and marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, when power was centered at Thinis.

The date of this period is subject to scholarly debate about the Egyptian chronology. It falls within the early Bronze Age and is variously estimated to have begun anywhere between the 34th and the 30th centuries BC. In a 2013 study based on radiocarbon dates, the accession of Hor-Aha, the second king of the First Dynasty, was placed between 3111 and 3045 BC with 68% confidence, and between 3218 and 3035 with 95% confidence. The same study placed the accession of Den, the sixth king of the dynasty, between 2928 and 2911 BC with 68% confidence, although a 2023 radiocarbon analysis placed Den's accession potentially earlier, between 3011 and 2921, within a broader window of 3104 to 2913.
Radcliffe Bailey
Radcliffe Bailey (November 25, 1968 – November 14, 2023) was an American contemporary visual artist noted for mixed-media, paint, and sculpture works that explore African-American history. He was based in Atlanta, Georgia.

Mixed media
In visual art, mixed media describes artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different media. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, paint, cloth, paper, wood and found objects.

Mixed media art is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.
Euryoryzomys legatus
Euryoryzomys legatus, also known as the Tarija oryzomys or big-headed rice rat, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It now belongs to the genus Euryoryzomys, having previously been placed in Oryzomys. It is found in the eastern Andes of northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Speedcafe
Speedcafe.com is an Australian-based motorsport news website that launched on 23 October 2009. The site had over 50 million page views in 2020.

Speedcafe.com is a source of news and race reports for the Supercars Championship, Formula One, and other categories.

Domestic coverage includes GT World Challenge Australia, SuperUtes Series, Porsche Carrera Cup Australia Championship, and TCR Australia. The site also covers international categories including MotoGP, World Rally Championship, FIA World Endurance Championship and NASCAR.

Speedcafe.com has offshoot sites with its own Classifieds and Jobstop brands. The website is also a major partner of the Australian Motor Sport Hall of Fame. In 2019 Speedcafe launched the performance motoring website Torquecafe.com

In August 2022, it was announced founder Brett Murray had sold a majority 80% stake of the publication to a consortium made up of Karl Begg, Richard Gresham and Robert Gooley.

Classified advertising
Classified advertising is a form of advertising, particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals, which may be sold or distributed free of charge. Classified advertisements are much cheaper than larger display advertisements used by businesses, although display advertising is more widespread. They were also commonly called "want" ads, starting in 1763, and are sometimes called small ads in Britain.
2007 PDC Pro Tour
The 2007 PDC Pro Tour was a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). They consisted of Professional Dart Players Association (PDPA) Players Championships and UK Open Regional Finals.

Lisse
Lisse (Dutch: [ˈlɪsə] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Western Netherlands. The municipality, which lies within the Duin- en Bollenstreek, covers an area of 16.05 km2 (6.20 sq mi) of which 0.36 km2 (0.14 sq mi) is water. Its population was 22,982 in 2021. Located within the municipal boundary is also the community De Engel.
North East River
The North East River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland.  Entirely tidal, it extends for about 5.0 miles (8.0 km) from the town of North East southwest past Charlestown to the main body of Chesapeake Bay between Carpenter's Point and Red Point.  The river is fed by North East Creek and its tributaries, which reach as far north as just east of Nottingham, Pennsylvania.  The Northeast River is entirely within Cecil County, Maryland, though its watershed extends into Chester County, Pennsylvania. Its watershed area in MD (excluding water) is 63 square miles (160 km2), with 6% impervious surface in 1994. On the 1612 John Smith map, it was referred to as Gunter's Harbour.

Nottingham, Pennsylvania
Nottingham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place that is located in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The CDP is divided between East Nottingham Township and West Nottingham Township.
Margaret Lee (lady-in-waiting)
Lady Margaret Lee (née Wyatt; c. 1506 – c. 1543) was an English courtier. She was a sister of the poet Thomas Wyatt and a friend of Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII of England. Historians have speculated that she may have been present during Boleyn's execution.

Wives of Henry VIII
King Henry VIII of England had six wives between 1509 and his death in 1547. In legal terms (de jure), Henry had only three wives and no divorces during his life, instead three of his marriages were annulled by the Church of England. Annulments declare that a true marriage never took place, unlike a divorce, in which a married couple end their union. Henry VIII was granted an annulment by the church in England, instead of one by the Pope, as he desired, for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, his first wife, substantially leading to the English Reformation. This legal action was later revoked during the reign of their daughter Mary I. Along with his six wives, Henry took several mistresses.
1945 Taça de Portugal final
The 1945 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1944–45 Taça de Portugal, the 7th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 1 July 1945 at the Campo das Salésias in Lisbon, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Olhanense and Sporting CP. Sporting CP defeated Olhanense 1–0 to claim their second Taça de Portugal.

Campo das Salésias
Campo das Salésias, also known as Estádio José Manuel Soares, was a multi-use stadium in Lisbon, Portugal. It was initially used as the stadium of C.F. Os Belenenses matches. It was replaced by the current Estádio do Restelo in 1956. The capacity of the stadium was 21,000 spectators. It was named after José Manuel Soares, who played for Belenenses. It was the first turf field in Portugal and one of the firsts having artificial lighting.

Nowadays, Belenenses are rebuilding the stadium to turn it into a field to the youngest players of club.
Yao, Osaka
Yao (八尾市, Yao-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ja(ꜜ).o, ja.oꜜ.ɕi], locally [ja.oꜜ]) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 263,436 in 126,509 households and a population density of 6300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 41.72 square kilometres (16.11 sq mi). The city is the birthplace of the Kawachi ondo style of folk singing.

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.