hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Asse (river)
The Asse (French pronunciation: [as]; Occitan: Assa) is a 76.3-kilometre (47.4 mi) long river in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence département, southeastern France. Its source is several small streams which converge at Tartonne, 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Digne-les-Bains. It flows generally southwest. It is a left tributary of the Durance into which it flows between Valensole and Oraison, 9 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Manosque. Its drainage basin is 657 km2 (254 sq mi).

The Asse is called "Asse de Clumanc" between its source and its confluence with the "Asse de Blieux" and the "Asse de Moriez" at Barrême. The valleys of the Asse and its tributaries are protected as a Natura 2000 site.

Part of the Asse valley is used by the route Napoléon.

Route Napoléon
The Route Napoléon is the route taken by Napoleon I in 1815 on his return from Elba. It is now concurrent with sections of routes N85, D1085, D4085, and D6085.

The route begins at Golfe-Juan, where Napoleon disembarked on 1 March 1815, beginning the Hundred Days that ended at Waterloo. Napoleon led around 1,000 men, horses and equipment, and completed the journey in less than seven days, reaching Grenoble on 7 March 1815. From there he proceeded to Paris, where, as Balzac wrote, 'France gave herself to Napoleon, just as a pretty girl abandons herself to a Lancer'.

The Route was inaugurated in 1932 and meanders from the French Riviera north-northwest along the foothills of the Alps. Among the highlights of the route are the towns of Grasse, Castellane and Sisteron, and the Gorges du Verdon, which can be reached with a slight diversion from the main route.
Pension reform in Brazil
The Pension reform in Brazil was a proposal by the Brazilian government to amend the Constitution for the reform of the social security system of the country. By changing the country's constitution, it had to be approved in both houses of the National Congress by an absolute majority. The reform was created to combat the giant deficit in the pension system, of more than R$194 billion in 2018, and the rapid aging of the Brazilian population.

The original text was delivered by the President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro to the President of the Chamber of Deputies Rodrigo Maia on 20 February 2019 to initiate the legal rite. The reform proposal was approved by the Federal Senate on 22 October 2019, becoming law and coming into force automatically. Among other details, the reform raises the retirement age and requires more time for civil service workers to receive a maximum retirement benefit.

Constitution of Brazil
The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil or 1988 Federal Constitution (Portuguese: Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil ou Constituição Federal de 1988) is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil and the federal government of Brazil. It replaced the autocratic 1967 constitution capping 21 years of military dictatorship and establishing Brazil's current republic, often referred to as the New Republic. Made in the light of the Brazilian transition to democracy, it resignified the role of the state in the citizens' lives, providing a vast system of human and individual rights protection, social welfare, and democratic tools.
Dnieper-Donets Rift
The Dnieper-Donets Rift or Pripyat-Dnieper-Donets Rift (also referred as a "paleorift" and "aulacogen") is an east-west running rift in the Sarmatian Craton that developed and was most active in the Paleozoic. The rift extends from the Caspian Depression in Russia to northern Ukraine passing by the Donbas region. The rift separates the Voronezh Massif in the north from the Ukrainian Shield in south.

The Dniepr-Donets Paleorift was the site of Devonian magmatic activity that begun in Late Frasnian and peaked in the Famennian caused by a mantle plume. Extensional tectonics were also most active during the Famennian.

There have been suggestions that the Dniepr-Donets Paleorift is related to the coeval Kola Alkaline Province.

Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from 382.31 million years ago to 372.15  million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage.

Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western Canada and Australia.  On land, the first forests were taking shape. In North America, the Antler orogeny peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the Variscan orogeny in Europe.

The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires.

North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include

West Falls Group

Sonyea Group

Genesee Group
Virus (1980 film)
Virus, known in Japan as Fukkatsu no Hi (復活の日; lit. "Day of Resurrection"), is a 1980 Japanese post-apocalyptic science fiction film directed by Kinji Fukasaku. Based on Sakyo Komatsu's 1964 novel of the same name, the film stars an international ensemble cast featuring Masao Kusakari, Sonny Chiba, George Kennedy, Robert Vaughn, Chuck Connors, Olivia Hussey, Edward James Olmos, Glenn Ford, and Henry Silva.

At the time of its release, the film was the most expensive Japanese film ever made.

Xlibris
Xlibris is a self-publishing and on-demand printing services provider, founded in 1997 and based in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. In 2000, The New York Times stated it to be the foremost on-demand publisher. The current president is Bill Elliot.
John L. Leal
John Laing Leal (May 5, 1858 – March 13, 1914) was an American physician and water treatment expert who, in 1908, was responsible for conceiving and implementing the first disinfection of a U.S. drinking water supply using chlorine. He was one of the principal expert witnesses at two trials which examined the quality of the water supply in Jersey City, New Jersey, and which evaluated the safety and utility of chlorine for production of "pure and wholesome" drinking water. The second trial verdict approved the use of chlorine to disinfect drinking water which led to an explosion of its use in water supplies across the U.S.

Paterson, New Jersey
Paterson (English pronunciation: /ˈpætɚsən/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, Paterson was the state's third-most-populous municipality, with a population of 159,732, an increase of 13,533 (+9.3%) from the 2010 census count of 146,199, which in turn reflected a decline of 3,023 (-2.0%) from the 149,222 counted in the 2000 census. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 156,452 for 2023, making it the 168th-most populous municipality in the nation.

A prominent mill town within the New York–New Jersey metropolitan area, Paterson has been known as Silk City for its once-dominant role in silk production during the latter half of 19th century. It has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from Turkey, the Arab world, and South Asia. Paterson has the nation's second-largest per capita Muslim population.
Pietro Mattio
Pietro Mattio (born 27 June 2004) is an Italian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Visma–Lease a Bike Development. In 2026, he will join UCI WorldTeam Visma–Lease a Bike on a two year contract.

Visma–Lease a Bike Development
Visma–Lease a Bike Development is a Dutch UCI Continental team which was founded in mid-2019, and started competing in the 2020 season onwards. It is part of the wider Visma–Lease a Bike team, developing younger riders.
USS Sedgwick County
USS Sedgwick County (LST-1123) was an LST-542-class tank landing ship in the United States Navy. Unlike many of her class, which received only numbers and were disposed of after World War II, she survived long enough to be named. On 1 July 1955, all LSTs still in commission were named for US counties or parishes; LST-1123 was given the name Sedgwick County, after counties in Colorado and Kansas.

LST-1123 was laid down on 1 November 1944 at Seneca, Illinois, by the Chicago Bridge & Iron Company; launched on 29 January 1945, sponsored by Betty Lou Bailey; and commissioned on 19 February 1945.

Seneca, Illinois
Seneca is a village in LaSalle and Grundy counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 2,353 at the 2020 census, down from 2,371 at the 2010 census.

The LaSalle County portion of Seneca is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, while the small portion that lies in Grundy County is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.
Cliffe Hill Mineral Railway
The Cliffe Hill Mineral Railway was a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge industrial railway that connected the Cliffe Hill granite quarry to the nearby London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) between Leicester and Coalville. The line opened in 1896 and operated until 1948.

Industrial railway
An industrial railway is a type of railway (usually private) that is not available for public transportation and is used exclusively to serve a particular industrial, logistics, or military site.  In regions of the world influenced by British railway culture and management practices, they are often referred to as tramways (which are distinct from trams or streetcars, a passenger technology).  Industrial railways may connect the site to public freight networks through sidings, or may be isolated (sometimes very far away from public rail or surface roads) or located entirely within a served property.
Cape Cockburn
Cape Cockburn (64°1′S 62°18′W﻿ / ﻿64.017°S 62.300°W﻿ / -64.017; -62.300) is a cape marking the northeastern extremity of Pasteur Peninsula on Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. The name appears on a chart based upon a British expedition under Henry Foster, 1828–31, who perhaps gave the name for George Cockburn, British naval officer and Admiral of the Fleet in 1851. The cape was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot. The cape was photographed from the air by Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition in 1956–57.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
GOALTV
GOALTV was a football network offering Asia audiences coverage of European football. This included live games from three major European leagues as well as behind-the-scenes access to three Premier League clubs in England, Manchester City, Chelsea  and Liverpool, in addition to FC Barcelona & Real Madrid FC of Spain.

Goal TV has closed down on 1 June 2013 in Singapore via SingTel mio TV Service and other Pay TV Providers in South East Asia with effect from 2 June 2013 and 3 June 2013 for website.

Singtel TV
Singtel TV (formerly known as Singtel IPTV and mio TV) is a pay television service provided by Singtel in Singapore. It is transmitted through Singtel's broadband network via an IPTV platform, which uses Ericsson Mediaroom (originally developed by Microsoft) as its end-to-end software platform. The service allows multimedia content – including linear channels and on-demand content – to be viewed on any television set. The IPTV service utilises IP set-top boxes (STBs), connected through Singtel's optical fibre broadband service. The Singtel TV IPTV network currently has more than 425,000 subscribers. Singtel TV serves as Singtel's integrated gateway for home users, delivering multiple IP-based communication services.
Thornberry, Oregon
Thornberry is a former community in Sherman County, Oregon, United States, founded in 1916. Formerly known as Grebe, Thornberry was named for Harvey B. Thornberry, who became the second postmaster in January 1919. The town post office was officially closed in November 1923. Thornberry is contemporarily considered a ghost town.

Sherman County, Oregon
Sherman County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,870, making it the second-least populous county in Oregon after nearby Wheeler. The county seat is Moro, and the largest city is Wasco. The county is named for William Tecumseh Sherman, a Union general in the American Civil War.
2017 Challenger Banque Nationale de Gatineau – Men's doubles
Tristan Lamasine and Franko Škugor were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Bradley Klahn and Jackson Withrow won the title after defeating Hans Hach Verdugo and Vincent Millot 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

Hans Hach Verdugo
Hans Hach Verdugo (born 11 November 1989) is a Mexican tennis player.

Hach Verdugo has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 60 achieved on 11 July 2022 and a singles ranking of No. 528 achieved on 20 July 2015. He has won one ATP doubles title at 2021 Los Cabos Open.

Hach Verdugo has represented Mexico at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 3–1.
Shia Wa Se (TV series)
Shia Wa Se  (Chinese: 幸福不二家; pinyin: xìng fú bù'èr jiā; literally "A Happiness Is Second to None") is a 2016 Taiwanese comedy, romance television series. It is adaptation from one of nominated drama script on the 4th Television Scriptwriting Awards held by Ministry of Culture. Starring Bobby Dou, Mariko Okubo, Phoebe Huang and Lo Pei-An as the main cast. Filming began on December 10, 2014 and wrapped up on March 23, 2015. First original broadcast began on January 29, 2016 on TTV airing every Friday night at 10:00–11:30 pm.

This drama was originally plan for total of 18 episodes but cut 4 episodes to total of 14 episodes after that.

Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)
The Ministry of Culture (MOC; Chinese: 文化部; pinyin: Wénhùabù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bûn-hòa pō͘) is the ministry of the Republic of China (Taiwan) that promotes cultural and creative industries. The ministry also maintains the National Repository of Cultural Heritage.
Otto Weber (painter)
Carl Emil Otto Weber (17 October 1832, in Berlin – 23 December 1888, in London) was a German genre, landscape, and animal painter. He was one of the first to paint in the Breton village of Pont-Aven which later developed into an artists' colony.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Podhu Nalan Karudhi
Podhu Nalan Karudhi (lit. 'Considering the interest of public') is a 2019 Tamil action film written and directed by Zion and produced by AVE Anbuvelrajan. The film features Karunakaran, Santhosh Prathap and Adith Arun in the leading roles. The music was composed by A. Hariganesh with cinematography by Suwaminathan. The film was released on 7 February 2019.

Karunakaran (actor)
Karunakaran (born 28 January 1981) is an Indian actor and comedian who mainly appears in Tamil cinema. He made his breakthrough in the film Soodhu Kavvum (2013). He also appeared in supporting roles in Yaamirukka Bayamey (2014), Jigarthanda (2014) and Indru Netru Naalai (2015).
ZZ Top's First Album
ZZ Top's First Album is the debut studio album by American rock band ZZ Top, produced by Bill Ham and released in January 1971 by London Records. Establishing ZZ Top's attitude and humor, the album incorporates styles such as blues, boogie, hard rock, and Southern rock influences. "(Somebody Else Been) Shakin' Your Tree" was the only single released from the album.

London Recordings
London Recordings (or London Records and London Music Stream) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for Decca Records from 1947 to 1980 before becoming semi-independent.  The London name – as London American Recordings, often shortened to London American – was also used by British Decca in the UK market, for releases taken from American labels, which British Decca licensed.

The label is owned by Because Music, which also owns most of the label's 1980s and 1990s UK catalogue.
Alison (company)
ALISON is an Irish online education platform for higher education that provides certificate courses and accredited diploma courses. It was founded on 21 April 2007 in Galway, Ireland, by Irish social entrepreneur Mike Feerick.

As of July 2022, Alison has 4,000 courses, 25 million learners worldwide, and 4.5 million graduates.

Diploma
A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.

The diploma (as a document certifying a qualification) may also be called a testamur, Latin for "we testify" or "certify" (testari), so called from the word with which the certificate begins; this is commonly used in Australia to refer to the document certifying the award of a degree. Alternatively, this document can simply be referred to as a degree certificate or graduation certificate, or as a parchment. The certificate that a Nobel laureate receives is also called a diploma.

The term diploma is also used in some historical contexts, to refer to documents signed by a monarch affirming a grant or tenure of specified land and its conditions (see Anglo-Saxon charters and diplomatics).
The Flowers of Hell
The Flowers of Hell are a transatlantic experimental orchestra made up of a revolving line-up of 16 or so independent musicians based in Toronto and London. Their mostly instrumental sound builds bridges between classical music and post-rock, shoegaze, space rock and drone music, often resulting in their being described as an orchestral extension of the work of The Velvet Underground and Spacemen 3. They are led by synesthete composer Greg Jarvis. Much of their repertoire is an exploration of the timbre-to-shape synesthesia that causes Jarvis to involuntarily perceive all sounds as floating abstract visual forms.

Shifty Disco
Shifty Disco was a British independent record label based in Oxford, England.

The record label was started by local enthusiasts in January 1997 and their early releases were often featured by John Peel on his BBC Radio 1 show. Shifty Disco has released recordings by artists such as Beulah, Mark Gardener, Unbelievable Truth, and Young Knives.

One of Shifty Disco's early, defining initiatives was the Shifty Disco singles club which released a new single every month to subscribers. A compilation of all the Singles Club releases was released as a 5-CD set in 2002: 0-60 in Five Years – The Complete Shifty Disco Singles Club Collection.
Sievert integral
The Sievert integral, named after Swedish medical physicist Rolf Sievert, is a special function commonly encountered in radiation transport calculations.

It plays a role in the sievert (symbol: Sv) unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI).

Radiative transfer
Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes. The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically. Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing. Analytic solutions to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) exist for simple cases but for more realistic media, with complex multiple scattering effects, numerical methods are required. 
The present article is largely focused on the condition of radiative equilibrium.
Hans Gmür
Hans Gmür (1 February 1927 – 15 April 2004) was a Swiss-German theatre author, director, composer and producer.

He was born in Chur, Switzerland, and graduated from the University of Zürich. Among others, Gmür wrote farces and comedies starring popular Swiss actors like Walter Andreas Müller for the Bernhard-Theater Zürich.

He died of complications of a back operation at Paraplegikerzentrum Nottwil in Nottwil, Switzerland. He leaves his wife, Erna, to whom he was married for 50 years.

Chur
Chur is the capital and largest town of the Swiss canton of the Grisons and lies in the Grisonian Rhine Valley, where the Rhine turns towards the north, in the northern part of the canton. The city, on the right bank of the Rhine, is reputedly the oldest town in Switzerland.

The official language of Chur is German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic, known as Grisonian German. Romansh and Italian are significantly spoken in the city as a result of the trilingual identity of the canton.

On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Maladers merged into Chur and on 1 January 2021 Haldenstein also merged. On 1 January 2025 the former municipality of Tschiertschen-Praden merged into Chur.
Tom Groves
Thomas Edward Groves (1884 – 29 May 1958) was a British Labour Party politician.

He was elected at the 1922 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Stratford division of West Ham, and held the seat until 1945. He had wanted to stand again at the 1945 general election, but his name was not sent on to the selection conference which chose Henry Nicholls as the Labour Party candidate. Groves announced that his son would stand as an independent candidate, but when his son withdrew he stood for re-election, and was promptly expelled from his local Labour Party.

Stratford West Ham (UK Parliament constituency)
Stratford (strictly the Stratford Division of West Ham) was a parliamentary constituency in the Borough of West Ham in the South-West of Essex (now East London), which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election and abolished for the 1950 general election.