hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government Degree College, Bemina
The Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial College Bemina (Urdu;عبدل احد آزاد میموریل ڈگری کالج، بمنہ ) formerly known as GDC Bemina, Government Degree College, Bemina is a University Grants Commission recognized college in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir located on 283 Kanal (35.3 acre) campus in state summer capital Srinagar. It is affiliated with the Cluster University of Srinagar. It was established in the year 1970 and has been operational since 1972. The college has the largest campus in the state of Jammu and Kashmir spread over 283 kanal of land.

It has been awarded grade "A" by the NAAC.. The institution 
offers undergraduate programs in Science, 
Humanities, Social Sciences, Commerce, and 
Management Studies under NEP 2020.

National Education Policy 2020
The National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020), which was started by the Union Cabinet of India on 29 July 2020, outlines the vision of new education system of India. The new policy replaces the previous National Policy on Education, 1986.

Shortly after the release of the policy, the government clarified that no one will be forced to study any particular language and that the medium of instruction will not be shifted from English to any regional language. The language policy in NEP is a broad guideline and advisory in nature; and it is up to the states, institutions, and schools to decide on the implementation. Education in India is a Concurrent List subject.

The policy has faced criticism from multiple scholars and educationists for its hasty implementation, with some calling it a threat to equitable education. Its implementation has also led to nationwide protests across India.
Delaunay refinement
In mesh generation, Delaunay refinements are algorithms for mesh generation based on the principle of adding Steiner points to the geometry of an input to be meshed, in a way that causes the Delaunay triangulation or constrained Delaunay triangulation of the augmented input to meet the quality requirements of the meshing application. Delaunay refinement methods include methods by Chew and by Ruppert.

Piecewise linear manifold
In mathematics, a piecewise linear manifold (PL manifold) is a topological manifold together with a piecewise linear structure on it. Such a structure can be defined by means of an atlas, such that one can pass from chart to chart in it by piecewise linear functions. This is slightly stronger than the topological notion of a triangulation.
An isomorphism of PL manifolds is called a PL homeomorphism.
Proceratophrys cristiceps
Proceratophrys cristiceps is a species of frog in the family Odontophrynidae. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil and occurs in the coastal region from the Bay of All Saints in central Bahia northward to the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Common name Muller's smooth horned frog has been proposed for it.

Odontophrynidae
The Odontophrynidae are a family of frogs from southern and eastern South America. This family was first established in 1969 as the tribe Odontophrynini within the (then) very large family Leptodactylidae. Molecular phylogenetics analyses prompted the move of this group to the Cycloramphidae in 2006, before they became recognized as their own family Odontophrynidae in 2011.
Bronte L.F.C.
Bronte L.F.C. was an English women's football club based in Bradford in West Yorkshire. Founded by Bradford City FC director Bill Roper in 1968, the club began playing in the Yorkshire League before joining the North West Women's League in 1973. Bronte were invited to join the new Division One (North) in 1991 and won promotion into the national Premier League at the first attempt. However, Bronte finished bottom of the League with seven points in 1992–93. After a disastrous Northern Division campaign in 1995–96 which yielded only two points, Bronte folded during 1996–97.

North West Women's League
The North West Women's League (NWWL) was a women's football league, representing the top level of play in North West England.

The league was founded in 1970 and originally consisted of eight teams, including Fodens Ladies F.C.  Later teams in the division included St Helens W.F.C., Chorley L.F.C., Crewe L.F.C., F.C. Redstar, Leasowe Pacific and Preston Rangers W.F.C.

In 1989, the league merged with the Greater Manchester and Merseyside League, and with the Three Counties League, to form the North West Women's Regional Football League.
Alice Zeppilli
Alice Zeppilli (28 August 1885 – 14 September 1969) was a French operatic soprano of Italian heritage who had an active international singing career from 1901 to 1930. The pinnacle of her career was in the United States where she enjoyed great popularity between 1906 and 1914; particularly in the cities of Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia. She was popular in Monte Carlo where she performed frequently from 1904 to 1919 and later worked as a singing teacher after her retirement from the stage. She made only one recording, a phonograph cylinder for Columbia Records consisting of the Gavotte from Jules Massenet's Manon and Olympia's Doll Aria from Jacques Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann.

Phonograph cylinder
Phonograph cylinders (also referred to as Edison cylinders after their creator Thomas Edison) are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. Known simply as "records" in their heyday (c. 1896–1916), a name since passed to their disc-shaped successors, these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. The first cylinders were wrapped with tin foil but the improved version made of wax was created a decade later, after which they were commercialized. In the 1910s, the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium.
Nazad, nazad, Kalino mome
Nazad, nazad, Kalino mome (Bulgarian: Назад, назад, моме Калино, Macedonian: Назад, назад, Калино моме, English: Go back, go back, girl Kalina) is a traditional folk song from the region of Macedonia.. It's in the time signature of 7/8. The song was performed by the Swedish pop group Ace of Base during their concert in Lovech, Bulgaria in May 2008. Other famous performers include Jovan Jovanov, Aleksandra Pileva, Slavi Trifonov, Nevena Tsoneva and Gloria among others. The norwegian composer Thomas J. Bergersen has featured part of the lyrics in his song "Never give up on your dreams", from the album Unleashed, of the company Two Steps from Hell. He has composed other songs in the Bulgarian language, such as "Colors of Love", "Fearless", "Rada" or "Starvation".

Slavi Trifonov
Stanislav Todorov Trifonov (Bulgarian: Станислав Тодоров Трифонов; born 18 October 1966), known as Slavi Trifonov (Bulgarian: Слави Трифонов), is a Bulgarian TV host, tambourine and viola player, singer and politician. Trifonov is mainly active in the traditional Bulgarian folklore music genres, but he has experimented with other genres such as hip-hop in collaboration with the Australian-based producer Yasen Subev, and pop-rock and punk as a part of Ku-Ku Band (Bulgarian: Ку-Ку Бенд). His name is associated mainly with the Slavi's Show, Exiles, Canaletto and KU-KU.
Valcke
Valcke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jérôme Valcke (born 1960), French football manager

Viceroy Louis Valcke (1857–1940), Belgian soldier and colonial administrator.

Paul Valcke (born 1914), Belgian fencer

Pierre Valcke, Belgian field hockey player

Pierre Valcke
Pierre Valcke (25 November 1884 – 30 December 1940) was a Belgian field hockey player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Belgian field hockey team, which won the bronze medal.
Milliken Park railway station
Milliken Park railway station serves the west end of Johnstone and the south west of the village of Kilbarchan in Renfrewshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Ayrshire Coast Line.

Ayrshire Coast Line
The Ayrshire Coast Line is one of the lines within the Strathclyde suburban rail network in Scotland. It has 26 stations and connects the Ayrshire coast to Glasgow. There are three branches, to Largs, Ardrossan Harbour and Ayr, all running into the high level at Glasgow Central.

The route is operated by ScotRail.
Luo Gongliu
Luo Gongliu (5 January 1916 – 22 October 2004) (other name: Kung Kiu) was a Chinese painter and printmaker. He was born in the town of Youshan in Guangdong province. He began his career as a woodcut artist and later took up oil painting. He was a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and depicted the Chinese Communist Revolution in his art. His works are held in the collection of the British Museum, the Met Museum, and the CAFA Art Museum.

Gongliu began his formal education in art in 1936 at the Hangzhou Academy of Art. During the 1950s, he studied oil painting in Leningrad. He became vice president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 1979.

China Academy of Art
The China Academy of Art (CAA; 中国美术学院) is a provincial public college of fine arts in Hangzhou. Zhejiang, China. It is affiliated with the province of Zhejiang. The academy is part of the Double First-Class Construction. In the 1960s, the academy was based at Hu Xueyan's Former Residence.
USS Willoughby (SP-2129)
The first USS Willoughby (SP-2129) was a patrol vessel that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919.

Willoughby was built as the wooden-hulled ferry steamer SS Augustus J. Phillips in 1903 at South Rondout, New York. Her name had been changed to SS Willoughby by the time she was chartered by the U.S. Navy from the Chesapeake Ferry Company of Portsmouth, Virginia, for local district patrol duties during World War I. She was assigned the Navy classification SP-2129 and commissioned as USS Willoughby on 8 February 1918.

Willoughby operated in the 5th Naval District for the duration of World War I and ultimately was decommissioned and returned to her pre-war owners on 26 September 1919.

Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth is an independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States. It lies across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,915. It is the ninth-most populous city in Virginia and is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. Due to its strategic location, the city has long been associated with the United States Armed Forces, particularly the Navy. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard is a historic and active Navy facility located in Portsmouth.
Zvunka
Zvunka is a surname of Romanian origin (Romanian language: Zvuncă). Notable people with the surname include:

Georges Zvunka (born 1937), French footballer

Jules Zvunka (born 1941), French footballer

Victor Zvunka (born 1951), French footballer

Victor Zvunka
Victor Zvunka (Romanian: Victor Zvuncă; born 15 November 1951) is a French former football defender and football manager most recently in charge of Sporting Club Toulon. Zvunka was born in Le Ban-Saint-Martin.
John Cross (footballer)
John Halliday Cross (12 February 1881 – 1954) was a Scottish professional footballer who made over 190 appearances in the Scottish League for Third Lanark over two spells, winning the league title in 1903–04 and playing in the 1906 Scottish Cup Final. He also played for Petershill, Queens Park Rangers and Wishaw Thistle and won one cap for Scotland at international level, in addition to representing the Scottish League XI. He was the brother of fellow Third Lanark and QPR footballer Willie Cross.

Scottish Football League XI
The Scottish League XI was a representative side of the Scottish Football League. The team regularly played against the (English) Football League and other national league select teams between 1892 and 1980. For a long period the annual fixture between the English and Scottish leagues was only second in importance to the matches between the two national teams. The fixture declined in importance after regular European club competition was instituted in the 1950s; matches in the 1960s and 1970s were played irregularly and poorly attended. A match involving a Scottish League XI was last played in 1990, to mark the centenary of the League.
Emmanuel (album)
Emmanuel is the second studio album by Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA, released on May 29, 2020. The 22-track double album features collaborations from Travis Barker, Tego Calderón, Bad Bunny, Enrique Iglesias, Farruko, Zion, Lil Wayne, Kendo Kaponi, Yandel, Ñengo Flow, Mariah Angeliq, Karol G, Daddy Yankee, Ozuna and J Balvin.

Yandel
Llandel Veguilla Malavé (born January 14, 1977), known professionally as Yandel, is a Puerto Rican singer who emerged in the music scene since 1995 and is the half-member of the reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel. He released his first solo album, Quien Contra Mí, in 2003. His second solo studio album, De Líder a Leyenda, was released in 2013 and was certified Gold (Latin) by the RIAA in 2014.
Đồng Lê
Đồng Lê is a commune (xã) in the Quảng Trị province, Bắc Trung Bộ, Vietnam.

On June 16, 2025, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1680/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the reorganization of commune-level administrative units in Quảng Trị Province in 2025. Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Đồng Lê Township, Kim Hóa Commune, Lê Hóa Commune, Thuận Hóa Commune, and Sơn Hóa Commune were reorganized to form a new commune named Đồng Lê Commune.

North Central Coast
Bắc Trung Bộ (literally North Central Region, and often translated as North Central Coast) is one of the geographic regions of Vietnam. It consists of six provinces in northern part of Central Vietnam: Thanh Hóa, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, Huế. The last two provinces were the northernmost provinces of State of Vietnam and South Vietnam until Reunification of Vietnam in 1976. In the Nguyễn dynasty, this area (except Thừa Thiên) was known as Hữu Trực Kỳ (the area located in the left of Thừa Thiên).
Schreyerite
Schreyerite (V2Ti3O9), is a vanadium, titanium oxide mineral found in the Lasamba Hill, Kwale district in Coast Province, Kenya. It is polymorphous with kyzylkumite.

The mineral occurs as exsolution lamellae and particles in rutile, coexisting with kyanite, sillimanite, and tourmaline in a highly metamorphosed gneiss. It was named after German mineralogist and petrologist Werner Schreyer, for his research on mineralogy of rock-forming minerals and petrology of metamorphic rocks both in nature and by experiment.

Tourmaline
Tourmaline (/ˈtʊərməlɪn, -ˌliːn/ ⓘ TOOR-mə-lin, -⁠leen) is a crystalline silicate mineral group in which boron is compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. This gemstone comes in a wide variety of colors.

The name is derived from the Sinhalese tōramalli (ටෝරමල්ලි), which refers to the carnelian gemstones.
Top of the Morning (book)
Top of the Morning: Inside the Cutthroat World of Morning TV is a 2013 non-fiction book by the media critic Brian Stelter. The book was first published on April 23, 2013, through Grand Central Publishing and centers on the world of morning television. A lengthy excerpt appeared in The New York Times Magazine in the week before publication.

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.
Aryan Guard
The Aryan Guard was a neo-Nazi terrorist organization based in Alberta, Canada, whose members were primarily located in the city of Calgary. It was founded in late 2006 and was reported to have disbanded in 2009 due to internal conflicts, including pipe bomb attacks. However, the group denied disbanding late in 2009 and claimed it was still active.

Pipe bomb
A pipe bomb is a hand-throwable anti-personnel improvised explosive device (IED), a bomb made from a piece of pipe.

From a technical point of view, a pipe bomb is a mechanically strong containment device, filled with an explosive material, that allows pressure to build until it exceeds the strength of the container at its weakest point; the device is designed to rupture and not to fail at a specific joint, thus resulting in a catastrophic destruction of the container, usually followed by the ejection of sharp shrapnels moving at high speed in all directions.

It has been used primarily by violent non-state actors in guerrilla warfare or in terrorist operations. More rarely, it has been used by the regular armed forces of some countries.

In many countries, the manufacture or possession of a pipe bomb is a serious crime, regardless of its intended use.
Patricia Rawlings, Baroness Rawlings
Patricia Elizabeth Rawlings, Baroness Rawlings, (born 27 January 1939) is a Conservative Party politician and former frontbencher in the House of Lords. She was also a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1989 to 1994. She was Chairman of King's College London Council from 1998 to 2007, and was made a Fellow of King's College (FKC) in 2003. She was President of the National Council for Voluntary Organisations from 2002 to 2007, and President of the British Antique Dealers' Association 2005–2013. She is also a trustee of the Chevening Estate.

Frontbencher
In many parliaments and other similar assemblies, seating is typically arranged in banks or rows, with members of parliament from each political party or caucus grouped together. The spokespeople for each group will often sit at the front of their group, and are then known as being on the frontbench (or front bench) and are described as frontbenchers.  Those sitting behind them are known as backbenchers. Independent and minority parties sit to the side or on benches between the two sides, and are referred to as crossbenchers. Frontbenchers may be part of a Frontbench Team with other members of their political party.
Francesco Santoliquido
Francesco Santoliquido (1883–1971) was an Italian composer. He studied at the Liceo di Santa Cecilia in Rome, graduating in 1908. His best-known works are his Tre Poesie Persiane, for voice and piano recorded by Amel Brahim-Djelloul and Anne Le Bozec in 2008.

He was born August 6, 1883, in San Giorgio a Cremano (Naples).

His compositions included a violin sonata, a string quartet, a symphony among other works including as noted a number for voice.

He died August 26, 1971, in Anacapri.

Anacapri
Anacapri (Italian: [anaˈkaːpri]) is a comune on the island of Capri, in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy.

Anacapri is located higher on the island than Capri (about 150 m (490 ft) higher on average)—the Ancient Greek prefix ana- meaning "up" or "above". Administratively, it maintains a separate status from the comune of Capri.

Anacapri is widely known for its picturesque, rural tranquility, broad views of the Bay of Naples, and significant historic sites, including Villa San Michele.
ARA Hércules
Several ships of the Argentine Navy have been named ARA Hércules (or Hércules before the 1860s):

Hércules (1814), a frigate that served as flagship of the second Argentine squadron during the Independence War

Hércules (1859), a steamship that served in the war between Buenos Aires and the Argentine Confederation

ARA Hércules (P-31), a frigate in Argentine service 1946–1973, ex USS Asheville (PF-1) and ex- HMS Adus

ARA Hércules (B-52), a multipurpose transport in service as of 2015, previously a Type 42 destroyer (D-1) with the same name.

Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; Spanish: Armada de la República Argentina) is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

The Argentine Navy day is celebrated on May 17, anniversary of the victory in 1814 at the Battle of Montevideo over the Spanish fleet during the war of Independence.
Adrian A. Basora
Adrian Anthony Basora (born July 18, 1938) is an American diplomat, and former United States Ambassador to the Czech Republic. He is a senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute researching democratization in the post-Communist states of Europe and Central Asia, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Basora graduated with an AB from Fordham University in 1960 and a CEP at the Institut d'études politiques in 1962, and later earned an MPA at Princeton University.

Master of Public Administration
The academic qualification of Master of Public Administration (MPA) is a specialized professional graduate degree in public administration. Its course of studies prepares students for  roles as leaders, and resembles or mirrors training for qualification as a Master of Business Administration, but with an emphasis on issues of public services.

This program covers principles of public administration, policy development, and management. Graduates may work in government, nonprofits, or  private companies. The specifics of the program can vary by university or country. It typically requires two years for completion.
1980 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 22
The 1980 Tour de France was the 67th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Frankfurt with a prologue individual time trial on 26 June and Stage 11 occurred on 8 July with another individual time trial from Damazan. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 20 July.

Les Sept Laux
Les Sept Laux is a group of three winter sports resorts of the Alps located in the Belledonne (Isère) about 35 km (22 mi) from Grenoble and 50 km (31 mi) from Chambery in the communes of Theys, Les Adrets and Le Haut-Bréda.

Les Sept Laux has two stations side valley of the Isère, (Prapoutel and Pipay) and one (Le Pleynet) on the other side of the massif.
Bozovici
Bozovici (Hungarian: Bozovics; German: Bosowitsch; Czech: Božoviče) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bozovici, Poneasca (Ponyászkatelep), Prilipeț (Prilipec), and Valea Minișului (Ménesvölgy).

The commune is located in the south-central part of the county, 33 km (21 mi) southeast of the town of Anina, and 72 km (45 mi) from the county seat, Reșița. It lies on the banks of the river Nera; the river Miniș discharges into the Nera in Valea Minișului village.

Izvorul Bigăr (or, the Bigăr Waterfall) is a protected area situated on the administrative territory of Bozovici, in the Nera Gorge-Beușnița National Park.

Also located on the territory of the commune is the Bozovici coal mine. This is an underground mining exploitation, one of the largest of its kind in Romania.

At the 2021 census, Bozovici had a population of 2,506; of those, 86.31% were Romanians and 5.47% Roma.

Caraș-Severin County
Caraș-Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.