hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chowtapalli
Chowtapalli is a village in Gudivada mandal, Krishna district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. North of the village, there is an extended community near the National Highway called Kotha Chowtapalli. The village is well known as the birthplace of the famous singer Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao.

Veteran producer Atluri Pundarikakshai was born on August 19, 1925, in Chowtapalli village. Pundarikakshaiah produced 11 Telugu and Kannada films, including hits such as Sri Krishnavataram, Mahamantri Thimmarusu, Manushullo Devudu, Maavari Manchitanam, Melu Kolupu, and Aradhana. He acted in 35 Telugu and Kannada films. He also provided the story for the Hindi film Udhar Ka Sindur.

Gudivada mandal
Gudivada mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Krishna district of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is under the administration of Gudivada revenue division and the headquarters are located at Gudivada town. The mandal is bounded by Pedaparupudi, Nandivada, Mandavalli, Mudinepalle, Gudlavalleru, Pamarru mandals of Krishna district.
1977 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships
The 1977 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships were the third annual Junior World Championships for track cycling held in Vienna, Austria in August 1977.

The Championships had five events for men only. The Sprint, Points race, Individual pursuit and Team pursuit were carried forward from the previous edition, while the 1 kilometre time trial was held for the first time.

Points race
A points race is a mass start track cycling event involving large numbers of riders simultaneously on track. It was an Olympic event for men from 1984 to 2008 and for women from 1996 to 2008. Since 2012, the points race has been one of the omnium events in the Olympics.
Amédée Galzin
Amédée Galzin (1 May 1853, Parrinet, Aveyron – 14 February 1925, Parrinet) was a French veterinarian and mycologist.

In 1878 he obtained his degree from the veterinary college in Toulouse. From 1879 to 1905, he served as a military veterinarian, becoming a knight of the Legion of Honour in 1899.

With Abbé Hubert Bourdot, he was co-author of a series of publications (11 parts, 1909 to 1925) involving Hymenomycetes native to France; all parts being published in the Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France. With Bourdot, he also wrote Heterobasidiae nondum descriptae (Descriptions of a few jelly fungi).

With Bourdot, he was the taxonomic authority of the fungi genus Oxyporus, as well as of numerous mycological species.

Aveyron
Aveyron (French: [avɛʁɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Avairon [aβajˈɾu]) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southern France. It was named after the river Aveyron. Its inhabitants are known as Aveyronnais (masculine) or Aveyronnaises (feminine) in French. The inhabitants of Aveyron's prefecture, Rodez, are called Ruthénois, based upon the first settlers in the area, the Ruteni. With an area of 8,735 square kilometres (3,373 sq mi) and a population of 279,595, Aveyron is a largely rural department with a population density of 32 people/km2 (83 people/mi2).
Edmund Morgan (bishop)
Edmund Robert Morgan (28 July 1888 – 21 September 1979) was the seventh Bishop suffragan of Southampton; and afterwards the ninth diocesan Bishop of Truro.

He was born on 28 July 1888 and educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford. Ordained in 1914, he began his career with curacies at Farnham and Eastleigh. He was then Chaplain to Edward Talbot, Bishop of Winchester, and after that Warden of the College of the Ascension, Selly Oak, Birmingham, for 13 years from 1923. From 1930 to 1936 he was also assistant secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. From 1936 to 1943 he was Rector of Old Alresford and also Archdeacon of Winchester, a post he held until his elevation to the episcopate. A noted author, he died on 21 September 1979 aged 91 at Whiteparish.

Eastleigh
Eastleigh is a town in Hampshire, England, between Southampton and Winchester. It is the largest town and the administrative seat of the Borough of Eastleigh, with a population of 24,011 at the 2011 census.

The town lies on the River Itchen, one of England's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, and a designated site of Special Scientific Interest. The area was originally villages until the 19th century, when Eastleigh was developed as a railway town by the London and South Western Railway.
Seely & Paget
Seely & Paget was the architectural partnership of John Seely, 2nd Baron Mottistone (1899–1963) and Paul Edward Paget (1901–1985).

Their work included the construction of Eltham Palace in the Art Deco style, and the post-World War II restoration of a number of bomb-damaged buildings, such as houses in the Little Cloister (Westminster Abbey), the London Charterhouse and the church of St John Clerkenwell.

Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. It is situated in north Lambeth, London, on the south bank of the River Thames, 400 yards (370 metres) south-east of the Palace of Westminster, which houses Parliament, on the opposite bank.

Close to Westminster and the City, the estate was first acquired by the archbishopric for the archbishop (who also has a residence at Old Palace, Canterbury) around 1200.
Klimek
Klimek is a Czech, Polish, Slovak and Sorbian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alf Klimek (born 1956), Australian musician

Antonín Klimek (1937–2005), Czech historian

Arkadiusz Klimek (born 1975), Polish footballer

István Klimek (1913–1988), Hungarian-Romanian footballer

Jan Klimek (born 1953), Polish politician

Jayney Klimek (born 1962), Australian singer

Johnny Klimek (born 1962), Australian film composer

Lukáš Klimek (born 1986), Czech ice hockey player

Lylian Klimek (born 1942), Canadian artist and educator

Małgorzata Klimek (born 1957), Polish mathematician

Mieczysław Klimek (1913–1955), Polish engineer, professor and rector

Octavio Klimek Alcaraz (born 1962), Mexican politician

Sabine Klimek (born 1991), Romanian handballer

Teresa Klimek (1929–2013), Polish educator and activist

Tillie Klimek (1876–1936), Polish-born American serial killer

Tony Klimek (1925–2012), American football defensive end player

Alf Klimek
Alfons Joseph "Alf" Klimek (born 3 February 1956) is an Australian musician. During the 1980s he was based in Berlin as a singer-songwriter for Spliff (as Alf Klimax, 1980–83) and The Other Ones (1984–90). That group included his younger twin siblings, Johnny and Jayney. In 1987, they had two hit singles, "Holiday" and "We Are What We Are", which charted in both Germany and the United States.
Hiroaki Ogi
Hiroaki Ogi (小木 博明, Ogi Hiroaki, born 16 August 1971) is a Japanese comedian who has regular appearances in a number of television shows as well as portraying roles in television drama series. He was born Hiroaki Kogi (小木 博明, Kogi Hiroaki). Ogi is nicknamed Ogi-kun (小木くん), Sense Ogi (センス小木, Sensu Ogi), and Oggy-bun (オギーブン, Ogībun). Some younger entertainers such as Bananaman and Teruyuki Tsuchida called him Ogi-san (小木さん) regardless of whether they are his senior or junior. He is the boke of OgiYahagi, partnered with Ken Yahagi.

Manzai
Manzai (漫才) is a traditional style of comedy in Japanese culture comparable to double act comedy.

Manzai usually involves two performers (manzaishi)—a straight man (tsukkomi) and a funny man (boke)—trading jokes at great speed. Most of the jokes revolve around mutual misunderstandings, double-talk, puns and other verbal gags.

In 1933, Yoshimoto Kogyo, a large entertainment conglomerate based in Osaka, introduced Osaka-style manzai to Tokyo audiences and coined the term "漫才" (one of several ways of writing the word manzai in Japanese; see § Etymology below). In recent times, manzai has often been associated with the Osaka region, and manzai comedians often speak in the Kansai dialect during their acts.
Annina von Falkenstein
Annina Elsa Maria von Falkenstein (born 17 May 1996) is a Swiss politician who currently serves on the Grand Council of Basel-Stadt for the Liberal-Democratic Party since 2021. Most notably, she was portrayed by SRF while attending EHL Hospitality Business School in Lausanne in 2017. She is a daughter of Christoph Eymann and Patricia von Falkenstein.

École hôtelière de Lausanne
EHL Hospitality Business School, formerly known as École hôtelière de Lausanne, is a hospitality management school in Switzerland. The school is often seen as one of the best of its kind in the world, training its students to obtain managerial careers in the hotel and hospitality industries.

Its campus is located in Le Chalet-à-Gobet, near the city center of Lausanne. The school currently teaches more than 3,300 students from 123 different countries.
Shanghai High School
Shanghai High School (Chinese: 上海市上海中学) is a public high school in Shanghai, China. Founded in 1865 as Longmen Academy (龙门书院) by Shanghai Intendant Ding Richang, and later becoming the namesake high school of Shanghai in 1949, it is locally considered one of the city's most prestigious high schools, hailed as part of the "Big Four" high schools of Shanghai.

The high school's campus sprawls 340 mu (approx. 56 acres) across the Changqiao subdistrict of Xuhui District, southwest of the Shanghai Botanical Garden and west of East China University of Science and Technology.

Its junior department was separated to Shanghai Huayu Private School (simplified Chinese: 上海市民办华育中学; traditional Chinese: 上海市民办华育中學) in 1999. Shanghai High School's sister school in Hong Kong is the St. Paul's Co-educational College.

East China University of Science and Technology
The East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST; Chinese: 华东理工大学; pinyin: Huádōng Lǐgōng Dàxué) is a public university located in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Established in 1952 as East China Institute of Chemical Technology, it has evolved from an institution with a strong focus on chemical engineering into a university that covers a wide range of academic disciplines.
Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)
The Battle of Andéramboukane occurred between 4 and 5 June 2022, during the Ménaka offensive of the Mali War. The pro-government militias Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (MSA) and Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (GATIA) attempted to retake the Islamic State-held town of Andéramboukane but were unsuccessful.

Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies
The Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (French: Groupe d'autodéfense touareg Imghad et alliés, abbreviated GATIA) was an armed group in Azawad, Mali. Most of its 500 to 1,000 fighters were Imghad Tuaregs, and the group supports the Malian government.
Jaywick Miniature Railway
The Jaywick Miniature Railway was a 18 in (457 mm) narrow gauge railway running along the seafront of the Essex coastline, connecting Clacton on Sea to the recently opened holiday resort of Jaywick. It opened in July 1936 and closed in September 1939 following the outbreak of World War II. After the war three coaches were sold to the New Brighton Miniature Railway. The latter closed in 1965, and the coaches were then transferred to the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway. The vertical boiler steam locomotive survives, in much rebuilt form, preserved by the Ashover Light Railway Society at Rowsley South.

Clacton-on-Sea
Clacton-on-Sea, often simply called Clacton,  is a coastal town in the county of Essex, on the east coast of England. It is located on the Tendring Peninsula and is the largest settlement in the Tendring District, with a population of 53,200 (2021). The town is situated around 77 miles (124 kilometres) northeast of London, 16 mi (26 km) southeast of Colchester and 16 mi (26 km) south of Harwich.

The area was historically in the parish of Great Clacton. The development of the seaside resort began in the 1870s and was called Clacton-on-Sea to distinguish it from the older village about 1 mile (1.6 km) inland. Great Clacton and Clacton-on-Sea were always administered together, forming a single urban district called Clacton between 1895 and 1974. The two settlements gradually merged into a single urban area during the twentieth century.

It lies within the United Kingdom Parliament constituency of Clacton.
Oscar D. Longstreth
Oscar Dolson Longstreth (September 4, 1876 – April 29, 1957) was an American football player and coach. He began the storied football program at Little Rock Central High School in (1904) and at Arkansas State Normal School—now known as the University of Central Arkansas—in 1908.

Longstreth was a native of Iowa and was noted to have played quarterback in his collegiate days.

University of Central Arkansas
The University of Central Arkansas (Central Arkansas or UCA) is a public university in Conway, Arkansas, United States. Founded in 1907, the university is one of the oldest in the state. As the state's only normal school at the time, UCA has historically been the primary source of teachers in Arkansas.  It was one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools.

The university comprises five colleges, five residential colleges and one commuter college. UCA has about 10,000 graduate and undergraduate students, making it one of the largest universities in the state. The university maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of approximately 17 to 1. Over 150 undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs are offered at the university. UCA occupies over 120 buildings within its 356 acres (1.44 km2).
I-W League
The I-W League is a former high school athletic conference in southwestern Wisconsin. It was founded in 1960 and dissolved in 1964, and the league and its members were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Yusuf Salahuddin
Yusuf Salahuddin (born 29 June 1982) is an Indian politician from the state of Bihar. As a Member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal, he represents the Simri Bakhtiarpur assembly seat in Bihar since 2020 to 2025.

Yusuf is the son of Lok Janshakti Party parliamentarian Mehboob Ali Kaiser and grandson of the late Choudhary Salahuddin (former Cabinet minister of Bihar). He belongs to a Nawab family and decedents of Nawab Nazirul Hasan of Simri Bakhtiyarpur (erstwhile princely state).

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
Shimu
Shimu is a Bangladeshi surname.

Raima Islam Shimu, Bangladeshi actress, film producer and director

Reekita Nondine Shimu, Bangladeshi actress

Sumaiya Shimu, Bangladeshi model, television actress and social activist

Reekita Nondine Shimu
Reekita Nondine Shimu (Rikita Nandini Shimu) is a national award-winning Bangladeshi actress, who acted in films of notable filmmakers including Tareque Masud, Rubaiyat Hossain and Aditya Vikram Sengupta. She received Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actress and the Best Actress Award at Saint-Jean-de-Luz International Film Festival for her lead role in 2019 film Made in Bangladesh (Bangladeshi Title: Shimu).
Northern Thailand
Northern Thailand, or more specifically Lan Na, is a region of Thailand. It is geographically characterized by several mountain ranges, which continue from the Shan Hills in neighboring Myanmar to Laos, and the river valleys that cut through them. Like most of Thailand, it has a tropical savanna climate, but its relatively high elevation and latitude contribute to more pronounced seasonal temperature variation, with cooler winters than the other regions.

Historically, northern Thailand has been linked to the Hariphunchai Kingdom, which emerged as a powerful state in the region in the 7th century. This kingdom was related to the Dvaravati that existed from the 6th to 11th centuries. The Hariphunchai culture later influenced the development of the Lanna Kingdom, which emerged in the 13th century and lasted until the 18th century.

Nan River
The Nan River (Thai: แม่น้ำน่าน, RTGS: Maenam Nan, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm nâːn]; Northern Thai: ᨶᩣᩴ᩶ᩯᨾ᩵ᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ, pronounced [náːm mɛ̂ː nâːn]) is a river in Thailand. It is one of the most important tributaries of the Chao Phraya River.
Giteau's law
Giteau's law, or the Giteau law, was the name given to a practice by the Australian Rugby Union (ARU), later known as Rugby Australia (RA), introduced in 2015 to allow overseas-based Australian rugby union players to be eligible to play for the Australia national rugby union team. The policy change was colloquially named after Matt Giteau, as the rule was seen primarily to bring him into the Australian side for the 2015 Rugby World Cup. The initial selection criteria was also dubbed the "60/7 Rule".

In August 2025, Rugby Australia Director of High Performance Peter Horne stated that the "Giteau law" criteria for national selection was redundant and that the coach, Joe Schmidt, was free to select all eligible Australian players, domestic- or overseas-based.

Joe Schmidt (rugby union)
Josef Schmidt HonFRCSI (born 12 September 1965) is a New Zealand rugby union coach, who is the current head coach of the Australian Wallabies.

Schmidt coached Bay of Plenty, and was an assistant coach with the Blues and Clermont Auvergne. He joined Leinster as head coach in 2010, and brought unprecedented success to the province, reaching six finals and winning four trophies in three years.

He was then head coach of Ireland from 2013 to 2019. In six years under his leadership, Ireland won three Six Nations Championships, including a Grand Slam in 2018. Ireland were ranked number 1 in the World Rugby Rankings for the first time in their history in 2019, and recorded their first-ever wins over New Zealand. After leaving Ireland, he served as the attack coach for the All Blacks from 2022 to 2023.
The Bedford Reader
The Bedford Reader is a college composition textbook published by the Bedford/St. Martin's publishing company. It is edited by X. J. Kennedy, Dorothy M. Kennedy, and Jane E. Aaron.  It is widely used in freshman composition courses at colleges across the United States.

The eleventh edition of the book is composed of over seventy essays, one short story, and one poem. It is divided into eleven sections by the various methods of development: narration, description, example, comparison and contrast, analysis, process analysis, classification, cause and effect, definition, argument and persuasion, along with a section on mixing the methods.

The fourteenth edition is the latest edition so far, published in 2019.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
Virtual engineering
Virtual engineering (VE) is defined as integrating geometric models and related engineering tools such as analysis, simulation, optimization, and decision making tools, etc., within a computer-generated environment that facilitates multidisciplinary collaborative product development. Virtual engineering shares many characteristics with software engineering, such as the ability to obtain many different results through different implementations.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Peter Allen Golden
Peter Allen Golden is an American author, historian, journalist, and blogger. He is the author of 9 full-length works of non-fiction and fiction, and five books of interactive fiction. He is best known for his writings on the Cold War and his interviews with world leaders.

Guilderland Central School District
Guilderland Central School District (GCSD) is a school district encompassing most of the Town of Guilderland and parts of Bethlehem, New Scotland, and Knox. The district serves approximately 4,828 K-12 students across seven school buildings.
S. M. Shrinagesh
General Satyawant Mallanna Shrinagesh (also known as Satyavant Shrinagule Mallannah) (11 May 1903 – 27 December 1977) was an Indian military officer who served as 2nd Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 14 May 1955 till 7 May 1957. After retirement he served as the governor of Assam from 14 October 1959 to 12 November 1960 and again from 13 January 1961 to 7 September 1962. He was the governor of Andhra Pradesh from 8 September 1962 to 4 May 1964 and governor of Mysore from 4 May 1964 to 2 April 1965. He also served as principal of the Administrative Staff College of India in Hyderabad, Hyderabad State from 1957 to 1959.

Bella Vista, Hyderabad
17°24′51″N 78°27′35″E﻿ / ﻿17.414122°N 78.459633°E﻿ / 17.414122; 78.459633

Bella Vista is a royal palace of the Nizam during the existence of Hyderabad State, now located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India.[1][2] It is an Indo-European building standing on a 10-acre (40,000 m2) verdant campus. The building's French architect named it Bella Vista, meaning beautiful sight, since it overlooks the Hussain sagar lake. It is located in the Saifabad suburb and is modeled on the Henley-on-Thames of England. Since 1956, the building has been home to the Administrative Staff College of India.