hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leu-enkephalin
Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter with the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. It is one of the two forms of enkephalin; the other is met-enkephalin. The tyrosine residue at position 1 is thought to be analogous to the 3-hydroxyl group on morphine. Leu-enkephalin has agonistic actions at both the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, with significantly greater preference for the latter. It has little to no effect on the κ-opioid receptor.

A nasal spray formulation of leu-enkephalin (developmental code names NES-100, NM-0127, NM-127, PES-200; proposed brand name Envelta) is under development by Virpax Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As of November 2023, it is up to the preclinical stage of development for these indications.

Pharmaceutical formulation
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which the active drug or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is combined with different chemical substances to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form.
Fiona Hefti
Fiona Hefti (born 4 May 1980 in Zürich, Switzerland) is a Swiss model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Switzerland 2004 and represented her country at  Miss World 2004 and Miss Universe 2005 pageants. She went on to compete in Miss World 2004 where she was unplaced. She also competed in Miss Universe 2005 and finished in the top 10.  She was the 9th Swiss to placed in the semifinalists.

In 2007 she married Christian Wolfensberger. They are the parents of three children.

Miss World 2004
Miss World 2004, the 54th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 4 December 2004 at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China. The 2004 pageant marks the second straight year that Sanya played host of the pageant. Rosanna Davison of Ireland crowned her successor María Julia Mantilla of Peru. 107 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown marking at that time, the biggest turnout in the pageant's 54-year history. That record was held until Miss World 2008 where 109 nations sent representatives.
Rekha Yadav
Rekha Yadav (Hindi: रेखा यादव) is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janshakti Party. She was the member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, representing Malhara constituency in Chhatarpur district. She was elected from this constituency in 2008.

Malhara Assembly constituency
Malhara Assembly constituency (formerly, Malehra) is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh state, but it was abolished in 1956. It again came into existence in 1961, following delimitation of the legislative assembly constituencies.
1st Imaginary Symphony for Nomad
1st Imaginary Symphony For Nomad is an album by The Music Tapes, a project consisting mainly of Neutral Milk Hotel's Julian Koster in 1999 by Merge Records. It was recorded mainly on vintage equipment, using equipment such as a 1895 Edison wax cylinder recorder, a 1940s wire recorder, a "state of the art hard drive", and reel to reel tape recorders, hence its lo-fi sound. A partial concept record, among its themes the power of television, and the death of 1950s actor George Reeves, who played the hero Superman and whom Koster was entranced with as a child. The album took over 4 years to assemble, being recorded mainly at the home of the Grandmother of Music Tapes and Koster's own home. The album mixed straightforward pop songs with collage, musique concrète and traditional storytelling.

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Afrovenator
Afrovenator (/ˌæfroʊvɪˈneɪtər/; "African hunter") is an extinct genus of megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Middle or Late Jurassic Tiourarén Formation and maybe the Irhazer II Formation of the Sahara region of Niger in western Africa. Afrovenator represents the only named definitive Gondwanan megalosaur, with proposed material of the group present in the Tacuarembó Formation of Uruguay and the Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania, both dated to the Late Jurassic.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Đông Sơn culture
The Đông Sơn culture, Dongsonian culture, or the Lạc Việt culture (named for modern village Đông Sơn, a village in Thanh Hóa, Vietnam) was a Bronze Age material centered on the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam. Archaeological artifacts closely related to the Đông Sơn or believed to be Đông Sơn have also been found in other parts of Southeast Asia and China such as Malaysia, Laos, and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian from 1000 BC until the first century AD. Vietnamese historians attribute the culture to the states of Văn Lang and Âu Lạc and its influence spread to other parts of Southeast Asia, including Maritime Southeast Asia, from about 1000 BC to 1 BC.

The Đông Sơn people were skilled at cultivating rice, keeping water buffalos and pigs, fishing and sailing in long dugout canoes. They also were skilled bronze casters, which is evidenced by the Dong Son drum found widely throughout northern Vietnam and Yunnan and Guangxi in China.

Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bắc Bộ) is one of three geographical regions in Vietnam. It consists of three sub-regions: the Northwest (vùng Tây Bắc), the Northeast (vùng Đông Bắc), and the Red River Delta (Đồng bằng sông Hồng). Unlike tropical Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam has a subtropical climate.

The region was historically referred to by various names in Vietnamese: Bắc Kỳ during the Nguyễn dynasty, Bắc Bộ from 1945 to the present (encompassing the Empire of Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and Bắc Phần, sometimes Bắc Việt, during the State of Vietnam.

It has a total area of about 109,942.9 km2. The region's largest city, Hanoi, serves as the country's capital. Among the three geographical regions, the oldest is Northern Vietnam. Vietnamese culture originated in the Red River Delta and the Kinh Vietnamese eventually spread south into the Mekong Delta.
Forbidden Nights
Forbidden Nights is a 1990 American made-for-television drama film directed by Waris Hussein and based on the article The Rocky Course of Love in China written by Judith Shapiro. The film was shot in Hong Kong and stars Melissa Gilbert, Robin Shou and Victor K. Wong. The film also marked the American debut of Shou, who wouldn't act in another American film until Mortal Kombat in 1995.

Waris Hussein
Waris Hussein (né Habibullah; born 9 December 1938) is a British-Indian television and film director. At the beginning of his career he was employed by the BBC as its youngest drama director. He directed early episodes of Doctor Who, including the first serial, An Unearthly Child (1963), and later directed the multiple-award-winning Thames Television serial Edward & Mrs. Simpson (1978).
Abell 2152
Abell 2152 is a bimodal galaxy cluster and one of three clusters comprising the Hercules Supercluster. It contains 3 BCGs; the S0 lenticular UGC 10204, the pair UGC 10187, and the SA0 unbarred lenticular CGCG 108-083.  In total there are 41 galaxies which are confirmed to be members of the cluster. The cluster is classified as a Bautz-Morgan type III and Rood-Sastry class F cluster, indicating morphological irregularity and perhaps dynamical youth.   It is receding from the Milky Way galaxy with a velocity of 12385 km/s.

Abell 2152 is the nearest cluster in which significant gravitational lensing of a background source has been observed.  The arc-like background galaxy, known as J160529.52+162633.9, lies at a redshift z=0.1423 and has been magnified by a factor ~1.9 due to the lensing effect.

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Kannada grammar
Kannada grammar (Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ) is the set of structural rules of the Kannada language. Standard Kannada grammatical description dates back to Keshiraja's exposition Shabdamanidarpana (c. 1260 CE), which remains an authoritative reference.. Earlier grammatical works include portions of Kavirajamarga (a treatise on literary ornament, or alaṅkāra) of the 9th century, and Kavyavalokana and Karnatakabhashabhushana both authored by Nagavarma II in first half of the 12th century. The first treatise on Kannada grammar in English was written in 1864 by Rev. Thomas Hodson, a Wesleyan missionary, as An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

Kavirajamarga
Kavirajamarga (Kannada: ಕವಿರಾಜಮಾರ್ಗ) (850 C.E.) is the earliest available work on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language. It was inspired by or written in part by the famous Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I, and some historians claim it is based partly on the Sanskrit text Kavyadarsha. Some historians believe Kavirajamarga may have been co-authored by a poet in the king's court, the Kannada language theorist Sri-vijaya.

The name literally means "Royal Path for Poets" and was written as a guide book for poets and scholars (Kavishiksha). From references made in this writing to earlier Kannada poetry and literature it is clear that a considerable body of work in prose and poetry must have existed in the preceding centuries.
James MacManaway (bishop)
Christianity portal

James MacManaway  (1860 – 29 November 1947) was an Anglican bishop.

Born in County Roscommon in 1860, MacManaway was educated at Trinity College, Dublin  and ordained in 1888. He was Curate of Clanabogan then Rector of  Termonmaguirk; and after that the incumbent at Fivemiletown. He became a Canon of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, in 1912 and Archdeacon of Clogher in 1917. He was appointed Bishop of Clogher in 1923 and served the diocese for 20 years. He died on 29 November 1947.

MacManaway married Sarah Thompson from County Kilkenny with whom he had sons Lancelot, Richard and James Godfrey and Daughter Mary.
His son, James Godfrey MacManaway, was also a Church of Ireland clergyman and became a politician.

Clogher
Clogher (from Irish Clochar, meaning 'stony place'; /ˈklɔː.ər/, /ˈklɒ.hər/) is a village and civil parish in the border area of south County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Blackwater, about 6 miles (10 km) from the border crossing to County Monaghan. It stands on the townlands of Clogher Demesne and Clogher Tenements. The 2021 census recorded a population of 675. The civil parish of Clogher covers areas of County Fermanagh as well as County Tyrone.
PSfrag
PSfrag is a LaTeX package that allows one to overlay Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) figures with arbitrary LaTeX constructions, properly aligned, scaled, and rotated. The user has to place a text tag into the EPS file and the corresponding LaTeX construction into the LaTeX file that will include the EPS file. PSfrag will remove the tag and replace it by the specified LaTeX construction.

The authors of PSfrag are Craig Barratt, Michael Grant and David Carlisle.

Encapsulated PostScript
Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is a Document Structuring Convention (DSC)-conforming PostScript document format usable as a graphics file format. The format was developed as early as 1987 by John Warnock and Chuck Geschke, the founders of Adobe, together with Aldus. The basis of early versions of the Adobe Illustrator Artwork file format is formed by EPS together with the DSC Open Structuring Conventions.

In short, EPS files are self-contained, reasonably predictable PostScript documents that describe an image or drawing and can be placed within another PostScript document. An EPS file is essentially a PostScript program, saved as a single file that includes a low-resolution preview "encapsulated" within it, allowing some programs to display a preview on the screen. An EPS file contains a DSC comment describing the rectangle containing the image. Applications can use this information to lay out the page, even if they are unable to directly render the PostScript inside.
What's the 411? Remix
What's the 411? Remix is a remix album by R&B singer Mary J. Blige, released on December 7, 1993, by Uptown Records and MCA Records. It is composed of remixed tracks from Blige's critically acclaimed debut album, and involved record producers and recording artists including Sean "Puffy" Combs, Teddy Riley, Eddie "F" Ferrell, Craig Mack, Heavy D, the Notorious B.I.G., and K-Ci Hailey. The album received favorable reviews, and debuted at number 118 on the Billboard 200, and number 22 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

Heavy D
Dwight Arrington Myers (May 24, 1967 – November 8, 2011), known professionally as Heavy D, was a Jamaican-American rapper, record producer, and actor. He was the leader of Heavy D & the Boyz, a group that included dancers/hype men G-Whiz (Glen Parrish) and "Trouble" T. Roy (Troy Dixon), as well as DJ and producer Eddie F (Edward Ferrell). The group maintained a sizeable audience in the United States through most of the 1990s. The five albums the group released included production mainly by Teddy Riley, Marley Marl, DJ Premier, Myers's cousin Pete Rock, and "in-house" beatmaker Eddie F. Myers also released four solo albums and discovered Soul for Real and Monifah.
The Smartest
The Smartest is the third commercial mixtape by American rapper Tee Grizzley. It was released on June 19, 2020, via 300 Entertainment. The mixtape features guest appearances from Big Sean, Lil Baby, Lil Keed, Meek Mill, Queen Naija and members of Detroit Youth Choir. Production was handled by several record producers, including Hit-Boy, Avedon, Helluva, Mustard, P-Lo and Scott Storch.

The mixtape peaked at number 22 on the Billboard 200. It was promoted by two singles: "Satish" and "Mr. Officer".

Scott Storch
Scott Spencer Storch (born December 16, 1973) is an American record producer and songwriter. Storch began his career as part of Philadelphia-based hip hop band the Roots, which he joined as a keyboardist prior to the release of their 1993 debut album, Organix. He provided the keyboard riff and co-composed Dr. Dre's 1999 single "Still D.R.E.," and contributed in a similar role to several of the rapper's productions during late 1990s and early 2000s. Storch expanded his solo production work into the 2000s; he was credited on five Billboard Hot 100-number one singles—Beyoncé's "Baby Boy," Terror Squad's "Lean Back," 50 Cent's "Candy Shop," Mario's "Let Me Love You" and Chris Brown's "Run It!"—among other similarly successful chart entries throughout the remaining decade. Storch has been nominated for four Grammy Awards.
Sugihara Morishige
Sugihara Morishige (杉原 盛重, 1533 – 1582) was a Japanese samurai and commander of the Sengoku period who served the Mōri clan.  He was in charge of the conquest of mainly the San'in region and often fought together with Kikkawa Motoharu.

San'in region
The San'in Region (山陰地方, San'in Chihō) is an area in the southwest of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the northern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Sea of Japan. Specifically, it is the two prefectures of Shimane and Tottori.
Antonio Carlos Moretti Bermudez
Antonio Carlos Moretti Bermudez (born 9 February 1956 in Santo Ângelo) is a Brazilian military, Lieutenant-Brigadier of the Air, former Commander of the Brazilian Air Force. Bermudez became Commander in January 2019, replacing Nivaldo Rossato.

Brazilian Air Force
The Brazilian Air Force (Portuguese: Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the aerial branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, and one of the three national uniformed services.  The FAB was formed when the Brazilian Army and Navy air branches were merged into a single military force, which was initially called the "National Air Forces" when it was created in 1941. Both air branches transferred all their aeronautical equipment, relevant installations, and relevant personnel to the newly created force.

According to Flight International (Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 80,937 military personnel and operates around 578 aircraft. The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern Hemisphere.
Arrondissement of Châtellerault
The arrondissement of Châtellerault is an arrondissement of France in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 92 communes. Its population is 107,469 (2021), and its area is 1,982.9 km2 (765.6 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Kupriyanovo, Vladimir Oblast
Kupriyanovo (Russian: Куприяново) is a rural locality (a village) in Kupriyanovskoye Rural Settlement, Gorokhovetsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 157 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Gorokhovetsky District
Gorokhovetsky District (Russian: Горохове́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,487 square kilometers (574 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gorokhovets. Population: 20,870 (2021 Census); 22,923 (2010 Census); 25,832 (2002 Census); 30,156 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Gorokhovets accounts for 60.7% of the district's total population.
Robert J. Art
Robert Jeffrey Art (born 1942) is Christian A. Herter Professor of International Relations at Brandeis University, and Fellow at MIT Center for International Studies.
He subscribes to the theory of neorealism, which argues that force still underlies the power structure in the modern world. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

MIT Center for International Studies
The MIT Center for International Studies (CIS) is an academic research center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It sponsors work focusing on international relations, security studies, international migration, human rights and justice, political economy and technology policy. The center was founded in 1951.

According to its website, CIS aims "to support and promote international research and education at MIT."
Gillarduzzi
Gillarduzzi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jessica Gillarduzzi (born 1980), Italian bobsledder

Luigi Gillarduzzi (1822–1856), Austrian-Italian painter

Sisto Gillarduzzi (1908–1989), Italian bobsledder and alpine skier

Umberto Gillarduzzi (1909–1994), Italian bobsledder

Sisto Gillarduzzi
Sisto Gillarduzzi (6 September 1908 – 29 November 1989) was a bobsledder and an alpine ski racer from Italy who won a silver medal in the bobsleigh at the FIBT World Championships (1937) and participated in the alpine skiing to one edition of the Alpine World Ski Championships (1933).
2021 Taiwanese referendum
A four-question referendum was held in Taiwan on 18 December 2021. The vote was originally scheduled to take place on 28 August 2021, but was postponed to December due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All four questions were popular initiatives. According to the Referendum Act, referendums can be held once every two years on the fourth Saturday of August and questions must gather a number of signatures equivalent to 1.5% of eligible voters (280,000) in order to qualify.

All four proposals were rejected.

In Hsinchu, a local referendum on the issue of wastewater management was passed. Subsequently, on 15 April 2022, the Hsinchu City Council passed the Hsinchu City Ordinance on Wastewater Discharge.

Hsinchu City Council
24°48′26.3″N 120°58′5.5″E﻿ / ﻿24.807306°N 120.968194°E﻿ / 24.807306; 120.968194

The Hsinchu City Council (traditional Chinese: 新竹市議會; simplified Chinese: 新竹市议会; pinyin: Xīnzhú Shì Yìhuì) is the elected city council of Hsinchu City, Republic of China. The council composes of 34 councilors lastly elected through the 2018 Republic of China local election on 26 November 2022.
Moses Dunbar
Moses Dunbar (3 June 1746 – March 19, 1777) was a Connecticut land-owner and officer in a Loyalist regiment during the American Revolutionary War. He was one of the few men in the state of Connecticut to be convicted of high treason and executed.

Farmington, Connecticut
Farmington  is a town in Hartford County in the Farmington Valley area of central Connecticut in the United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 26,712 at the 2020 census. It sits 10 miles west of Hartford at the hub of major I-84 interchanges, 25 miles south of Bradley International Airport and two hours by car from New York City and Boston. It has been home to the world headquarters of several large corporations including Otis Elevator Company, United Technologies, and Carvel. The northwestern section of Farmington is a suburban neighborhood called Unionville.
Oakland Military Academy
Oakland Military Academy was founded in Oakland, New Jersey in the 1930s by the Sarcka family. During the 1950s, the military curriculum was discontinued, and the academy was moved to New Windsor, New York. The academic program was discontinued in the early 1970s, although the Oakland School of Horsemanship continued until about 1980, closing after the passing of John Sarcka.

New Windsor, New York
New Windsor is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 27,805 at the 2020 census. It is located on the eastern side of the county and is adjacent to the Hudson River and the City of Newburgh.