hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MEXAS
The Modular Expandable Armor System (MEXAS) is a composite armour system developed by the German company IBD Deisenroth Engineering. MEXAS was introduced in 1994 and has been applied on over 20,000 combat vehicles worldwide.
The successor of MEXAS is the Advanced Modular Armor Protection (AMAP).

Stryker
The Stryker is a family of eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Canadian LAV III, which in turn derived from the Swiss Mowag Piranha. Stryker vehicles are produced by General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada (GDLS-C) for the United States Army in a plant in London, Ontario. It has four-wheel drive (8×4) and can be switched to all-wheel drive (8×8).

The Stryker was conceived as a family of vehicles forming the backbone of a new medium-weight brigade combat team (BCT) that was to strike a balance between armored brigade combat teams (heavy armor) and infantry brigade combat teams. The service launched the Interim Armored Vehicle competition, and in 2000, the service selected the LAV III proposed by GDLS and General Motors Defense. The service named this family of vehicles the "Stryker".

Ten variants of the Stryker were initially conceived, some of which have been upgraded with v-hulls.
Child Indicators Research
Child Indicators Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on well-being in children. It was established in 2008 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the International Society for Child Indicators, of which it is the official journal. The editors-in-chief are Asher Ben-Arieh (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Bong Joo Lee (Seoul National University), and Christine Hunner-Kreisel (University of Vechta). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.420.

Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.
Uhryniv, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Uhryniv (Ukrainian: Угринів, Polish: Uhrynów) is a village in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. It hosts the administration of Uhryniv rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. There are over 3,000 residents.

Until 18 July 2020, Uhryniv belonged to Tysmenytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Tysmenytsia Raion was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.

The village is located at the intersection of the Halych highway and Kalush highway. Some commuter trains also stop at the railway station.

The village is first mentioned in the 13th century. Two rivers flow through Uhryniv: the Potik brook and the Bystrytsia river.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
2003 Melilla Assembly election
The 2003 Melilla Assembly election was held on Sunday, 25 May 2003, to elect the 3rd Assembly of the Autonomous City of Melilla. All 25 seats in the Assembly were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

2003 Spanish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Spain during 2003 to elect the regional parliaments of fourteen of the seventeen autonomous communities: Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, the Valencian Community; and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. 927 of 1,186 seats in the regional parliaments were up for election, as well as the 50 seats in the regional assemblies of the autonomous cities. The elections were held on 25 May for most regions (concurrently with local elections all across the country), on 26 October for a repeat election in Madrid, and on 16 November in Catalonia.
Tanamarina, Vavatenina
Tanamarina is a commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vavatenina, which is a part of Analanjirofo Region. The population of the commune was 8,564 in 2018.

In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels. The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is cloves, while other important products are coffee and rice.  Services provide employment for 10% of the population.

Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/). They are native to the Maluku Islands, or Moluccas, in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring, or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics. Cloves are available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries.
Şehabeddin Pasha Mosque
Şehabeddin Pasha Mosque (Turkish: Şehabeddin Paşa Camii) is a historic Ottoman mosque located in Edirne, Turkey. Commissioned in 1436 during the reign of Sultan Murad II, it is also known as the Kirazlı Mosque (Cherry Mosque). The mosque takes its name from its founder, Şehabeddin Pasha, a vizier and military commander who served under Sultans Murad II and Mehmed II.

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Glove Cycle
Glove Cycle is a 1984 public art installation by Mags Harries, located throughout the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Porter subway and commuter rail station in Porter Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The artwork consists of 54 separate bronze pieces and was created with a budget of US$30,000.

Porter Square
42°23′19″N 71°07′10″W﻿ / ﻿42.3886°N 71.1194°W﻿ / 42.3886; -71.1194

Porter Square is a neighborhood in Cambridge and Somerville, Massachusetts, located around the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Somerville Avenue, between Harvard and Davis Squares. The Porter Square station serves both the MBTA Red Line and the Commuter Rail Fitchburg Line. A major part of the Lesley University campus is located within the Porter Square area.

In 2004–06 the principal intersection, including the area adjacent to the shopping center, underwent extensive construction both to improve access for vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, and mass transit users, and to improve drainage and storm water conditions. The artist Toshihiro Katayama of Harvard University, in conjunction with the landscape architect Cynthia Smith, designed a new visual look for the new circulation design, including contrasting light and dark concrete paving, stone walls and boulders.
Judaeo-Aragonese
Judaeo-Aragonese (Aragonese: Chodigo-Aragonés) was a Judaeo-Romance language, a Jewish language that was derived from Aragonese. It was used by Spanish Jews in north-central Spain from the mid-8th century to the 1492 Alhambra Decree, which expelled Jews from Spain. Later, it either merged with the various Judaeo-Spanish dialects or fell out of use because of the far more influential Judaeo-Spanish.

While there are some scholars that believe that the language may have had some speakers until the Second World War, most scholars believe that it died out in the Middle Ages.

Along with Judaeo-Catalan, Judaeo-Aragonese shares a marked component of Judaeo-Greek. It has been suggested that Judaeo-Catalan's influence on Judaeo-Aragonese was because of the influx of Judaeo-Catalan-speakers in the 14th century, especially after the 1391 pogroms.

Jewish languages
Jewish languages are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities in the diaspora. The original Jewish language is Hebrew, supplanted as the primary vernacular by Aramaic following the Babylonian exile. Jewish languages feature a syncretism of Hebrew and Judeo-Aramaic with the languages of the local non-Jewish population.
Margaret Poisal
Margaret Poisal (c. 1834–between 1883 and 1892) was "the only woman who was an official witness, interpreter, and consultant at many meetings and treaty councils held along or in close proximity to the Santa Fe Trail." The daughter of French Canadian trapper John Poisal and Snake Woman (Arapaho), Poisal was educated at a convent school. She married Thomas Fitzpatrick, an Indian agent, and they worked together negotiating peace between Native American tribes and the United States government. After Fitzpatrick died, Poisal continued to work as an interpreter and peacemaker.

Pike's Peak gold rush
The Pike's Peak gold rush (later known as the Colorado gold rush) was the boom in gold prospecting and mining in the Pike's Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory of the United States that began in July 1858 and lasted until roughly the creation of the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861. An estimated 100,000 gold seekers took part. The dramatic but temporary influx of migrants and immigrants came to the Southern Rocky Mountains. The prospectors provided the first major White American population in the region.

The rush, centered 85 miles (137 km) north of Pikes Peak, created a few towns such as Denver City and Boulder City that later developed into cities. Scores of other mining camps have faded into ghost towns, but Central City, Black Hawk, Georgetown, and Idaho Springs remained.
Artemyev
Artemyev or Artemiev (Russian: Артемьев) and Artemyeva / Artemieva (Russian: Артемьева; feminine) is a  Russian surname, derived from the given name Artemy. Notable people with the surname include:

Eduard Artemyev (1937–2022), Russian composer

Igor Artemyev (born 1961), Russian politician and government official

Irina Artemieva, Russian-German geophysicist

Maria Artemieva (born 1993), Russian figure skater

Natalia Artemieva (born 1959), Russian-American planetary scientist

Oleg Artemyev (born 1970) Russian cosmonaut

Valentina Artemyeva (born 1986), Russian breaststroke swimmer

Vasily Artemyev (born 1987), Russian rugby union wing

Vladimir Artemyev (1885–1962), Soviet rocket scientist

Vladislav Artemiev (born 1998), Russian chess grandmaster and prodigy

Vladimir Artemyev
Vladimir Andreyevich Artemyev (Russian: Владимир Андреевич Артемьев; 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1885 – 11 September 1962) was a Soviet Russian rocket scientist at the Gas Dynamics Laboratory, and was one of the inventors of the Katyusha. The first rocket propelled by smokeless trotyl-pyroxylin powder was launched under his direction in 1928. Artem'ev crater is named in his honour.
Singapore embassies attack plot
The Singapore embassies attack plot was a plan in 2001 by Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) to bomb the diplomatic missions and attack personnel of the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Israel based in Singapore. There were also several other targets. The plot was uncovered in December 2001 and as many as 15 people were arrested in Singapore within a month. Further investigation and intelligence prompted the detention of another 26 persons from 2002 to 2005. As of 2006, 37 of them were still being detained without trial, under the Internal Security Act. Four had been released on restriction orders.

Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF; Arabic: جبهة تحرير مورو الإسلامية, romanized: Jabha Taḥrīr Moro al-ʾIslāmiyya) is an Islamic armed group split from the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), was founded in 1977, based in Mindanao, Philippines, which sought an autonomous region of the Moro people from the central government. The group has a presence in the Bangsamoro region of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago, Palawan, Basilan, and other neighbouring islands. The armed wing of the group was the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF), although the name of its parent organization, the MILF, was often used to refer to the BIAF.

In July 2018, the Philippine government passed the Bangsamoro Organic Law, giving more autonomy to Muslims. In return, MILF announced that it would disarm its 30,000 fighters.
Fernando Lázaro Carreter
Fernando Lázaro Carreter (13 April 1923 – 4 March 2004) was a Spanish linguist, journalist and literary critic.

Lázaro Carreter worked to improve the way the Spanish language is spoken and written, and penned the hugely popular 1997 book El dardo en la palabra ("The Dart in the Word"), a collection of articles he wrote on linguistic gaffes in the media. He was a member, occupying Seat R, of the Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española), the language's official arbiter, from 1972 until his death, and was its president for seven years, 1991–1998. He taught at the Autonomous University of Madrid.

He died on 4 March 2004 in Madrid at aged 80 from a multiple organ failure.

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring immediate medical intervention.

There are different stages of organ dysfunction for certain different organs, both in acute and in chronic onset, whether or not there are one or more organs affected. Each stage of dysfunction (whether it be the heart, lung, liver, or kidney) has defined parameters, in terms of laboratory values based on blood and other tests, as to what it is (each of these organs' levels of failure is divided into stage I, II, III, IV, and V). The word "failure" is commonly used to refer to the later stages, especially IV and V, when artificial support usually becomes necessary to sustain life; the damage may or may not be fully or partially reversible.
Columbia Road Flower Market
Columbia Road Flower Market is a street market in Bethnal Green in London, England. Columbia Road is a road of Victorian shops situated off Hackney Road in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The market is open on Sundays only.

Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts
Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts (née Burdett; 21 April 1814 – 30 December 1906) was a British philanthropist, the daughter of Sir Francis Burdett, 5th Baronet and Sophia, formerly Coutts, daughter of banker Thomas Coutts. In 1837 she became one of the wealthiest women in England when she inherited her grandfather's fortune of around £1.8 million (equivalent to £210,000,000 in 2023) following the death of her stepgrandmother, Harriot Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans. She joined the surnames of her father and grandfather, by royal licence, to become Burdett-Coutts. Edward VII is reported to have described her as "[a]fter my mother, the most remarkable woman in the kingdom".
Bridget Hutter
Bridget M. Hutter was a British sociologist.

Hutter attended the University of London, where she studied sociology, and later earned a doctorate in the subject from the University of Oxford. She began teaching at Oxford and later moved to the London School of Economics, serving as director of the ESRC Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation from 2000 to 2010. Hutter was a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and the Royal Society of Arts.

Hutter was named chief editor of the British Journal of Sociology in 2003. That same year, the journal began appearing within the digital library JSTOR. Under her editorship in 2004, the publication switched publishers, from Routledge to Wiley-Blackwell. Colin Mills succeeded Hutter as editor-in-chief in 2007, and she remained general editor of the journal through 2008.

Professor Hutter died on 10th April 2023.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Centrolepis drummondiana
Centrolepis drummondiana is a species of plant in the Restionaceae family and is found in Western Australia.

The annual herb has a tufted habit and typically grows to a height of 12 centimetres (4.72 in). It blooms between September and November.

It is found among granite outcrops,  growing amongst mosses and in wet areas in the Mid West, Wheatbelt, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-clay soils.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Henry Ruffner
Henry Ruffner (January 16, 1790 – December 17, 1861), was an educator and Presbyterian minister, who served as president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University). Although a slaveholder (and whose family had long owned slaves), Ruffner became known for criticizing slavery as an impediment to Virginia's economic development in the years preceding the American Civil War.  His controversial views contributed to his resignation from the college presidency and his retirement to his farm.

Washington and Lee University
Washington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W&L) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia, United States. Established in 1749 as Augusta Academy, it is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in the US.

Washington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. The institution consists of three academic units: the college itself; the Williams School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics; and the School of Law. It hosts 24 intercollegiate varsity athletic teams which compete as part of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division III).
Bjerknes force
Bjerknes forces are translational forces on bubbles in a sound wave. The phenomenon is a type of acoustic radiation force. Primary Bjerknes forces are caused by an external sound field; secondary Bjerknes forces are attractive or repulsive forces between pairs of bubbles in the same sound field caused by the pressure field generated by each bubble volume's oscillations. They were first described by Vilhelm Bjerknes in his 1906 Fields of Force.

Bubble (physics)
A bubble is a globule of a gas substance in a liquid. In the opposite case, a globule of a liquid in a gas, is called a drop. 
Due to the Marangoni effect, bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance.
Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. An enormous haplogroup spanning all the continents, the macro-haplogroup M, like its sibling the macro-haplogroup N, is a descendant of the haplogroup L3.

All mtDNA haplogroups considered native outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup M or its sibling haplogroup N. Haplogroup M is relatively young, having a younger most recent common ancestor date than some subclades of haplogroup N such as haplogroup R.

Bulang people
The Blang people (known in China as Bulang; Chinese: 布朗族; pinyin: Bùlǎngzú) or Plang (Thai: ปลัง) are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They live in the areas of southern China, and parts of Myanmar and Thailand. There are estimated 1,200 of them in Thailand, living mostly in Chiang Rai province with some emigrated to work as laborers and settle in Nakhon Pathom province and in Greater Bangkok.
Ocean Mall
Ocean Mall is a 120-metre-tall (393 ft) skyscraper in the Clifton locality of Karachi, Pakistan. It was built between 2009 and 2014, and contains a shopping mall and office spaces.

It was founded as an international hotel project for Sofitel, but was later abandoned due to the law and order situation in the city. Later, it was redesigned into a shopping mall and was named The Mall.

Sofitel
Sofitel Hotels & Resorts is a French hotel chain of luxury hotels based in Paris, France, and owned by Accor since 1980. Founded in 1964 in France, Sofitel quickly developed worldwide to reach more than 200 properties. In 2008, Sofitel became a brand of luxury hotels only, downsized its property count to 89, and created new brands. Sofitel had 130 properties by January 2023.
Curt Voight
Curt Voight is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the 33rd district in the South Dakota State Senate since 2025. His district includes the western edge of Rapid City and extends into the area of the Pactola Lake. Voight is a retired educator and U.S. Army infantry sergeant.

South Dakota Senate
The South Dakota Senate is the upper house of the South Dakota Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The lower house is the South Dakota House of Representatives. It consists of 35 members, one representing each legislative district, who can serve up to four consecutive two-year terms. It meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.