hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Kitching (politician)
Albert George Kitching (28 December 1840 – 3 November 1919) was an English stockbroker and a Liberal politician.

Kitching was the son of George Kitching, a doctor of Enfield, Middlesex, and Mary Ann Belts. He was educated privately and became a member of the London Stock Exchange. He was governor of Enfield Grammar School and a J.P. for Middlesex. Kitching married Honoria Lydia Woolley in 1864.

Kitching stood unsuccessfully at Malmesbury in the 1880 general election. In the 1885 general election, Kitching was elected Member of Parliament for Maldon but lost the seat in the 1886 general election.

Kitching died at the age of 78.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Wolhusen railway station
Wolhusen railway station (German: Bahnhof Wolhusen) is a railway station in the municipality of Wolhusen, in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is located at the junction of the standard gauge Bern–Lucerne line of Swiss Federal Railways and the Huttwil–Wolhusen line of BLS AG.

Huttwil–Wolhusen railway line
The Huttwil–Wolhusen railway line is a single-track standard-gauge railway line in Switzerland and currently operated by BLS AG. It was built by the Huttwil-Wolhusen-Bahn (HWB), based in Willisau, and opened on 9 May 1895. Operations were managed by the Langenthal-Huttwil-Bahn (LHB), which owned and operated the Langenthal–Huttwil railway. On 1 January 1944, the HWB was merged into the Vereinigte Huttwil-Bahnen (United Huttwil Railways, VHB), which was later merged into BLS AG.
Virginia's 45th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 45th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 45 includes the city of Norton, the counties of Lee, Scott, and Wise, and part of Dickenson County. The seat has been represented by Republican Terry Kilgore since 1994.

Dickenson County, Virginia
Dickenson County is a mountainous United States county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia on the Appalachian Plateau.  Bordering Kentucky, Dickenson is situated near the far western point of Virginia. Its county seat is Clintwood, and, as of the 2020 census, the county population was 14,124.

Formed in 1880 from parts of several  western Virginia counties, Dickenson is the most recently created county in the state.  The county was named in honor of William J. Dickenson, a long serving local member of the Virginia General Assembly, who sponsored the created of the new county.
Navas (surname)
Navas is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Keylor Navas (born 1986), Famous Costa Rican football player

Jesus Navas (born 1985), Famous Spanish football player

George Ernest Navas (born 1956), Former U.S. Naval Officer and Pentagon (9-11) heroic Personality

Pedro Joaquin Navas (born 1968), Spanish Democrat

Jose Mario Ruiz Navas (born 1930-2020), Ecuadorian Bishop

Luisa Euginia Navas (born 1918-2020), Chilean Pharmacist and Botanist

Romulo Zaragoza de Navas (born 1894), Spanish painter

Longinos Navas (born 1858-1938), Spanish Entomologist

Juan de Navas (born 1650-1719),Spanish baroque composer and harpist

[[Category:Spanish-language surname

Longinos Navás
Longinos Navás (7 March 1858  Cabacés, Tarragona – 31 December 1938 Girona) was a  Spanish entomologist who specialised in  Plecoptera and  Neuropteroidea.

Father Longinos Navás was  a Jesuit priest. He published extensively on the Neuroptera fauna of Spain in Memorias de la Real. Academia Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona. His papers on worldwide fauna are published in this, other Spanish, German, Italian and American entomological journals. Navás described very many new species. His Neuroptera are in the Museu de Ciències Naturals, Museum of Natural Sciences, Barcelona. His Lepidoptera collections are in Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza.
Ailín II, Earl of Lennox
Mormaer Ailín II of Lennox (also known as Ailean or Alwyn) was the son of Mormaer Ailín I, and ruled Lennox from somewhere in the beginning of the 13th century until his death in 1217.

Unlike many other Scottish Mormaers, he played little role in the wider society of the Scottish kingdom. Lennox at the time was a frontier region between the Scottish Gaelic lands of central Scotland and the Norse Gaelic lands of Argyll, and the Mormaerdom seems to have lacked the status accorded to the other Mormaerdoms. Either because of this lack of status, or because of the lack of interest in national affairs, Ailin's attendance was not recorded at the coronation of King Alexander II, at Scone in 1215.

Ailin was father of ten sons, one of whom founded the clan MacFarlane, while another was ancestor of Walter of Faslane, who married the heiress of the 6th earl of Lennox.

Scone, Scotland
Scone (/ˈskuːn/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Sgàin; Scots: Scone) is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. The medieval town of Scone, which grew up around the monastery and royal residence, was abandoned in the early 19th century when the residents were removed and a new palace was built on the site by the Earl of Mansfield. Hence the modern village of Scone, and the medieval village of Old Scone, can often be distinguished.

Both sites lie in the historical province of Gowrie, as well as the old county of Perthshire. Old Scone was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Scotland. In the Middle Ages it was an important royal centre, used as a royal residence and as the coronation site of the kingdom's monarchs. Around the royal site grew the town of Perth and the Abbey of Scone.
Wink of an Eye (film)
Wink of an Eye is a 1958 American comedy film directed by Winston Jones and written by James Edmiston. The film stars Jonathan Kidd, Doris Dowling, Barbara Turner, Irene Seidner, Jaclynne Greene and Wally Brown. The film was released in June 1958, by United Artists.

James Edmeston
James Edmeston (10 September 1791 – 7 January 1867) was an English architect and surveyor; he was also known as a prolific writer of church hymns.

He was born in Wapping, Middlesex, England. His maternal grandfather was the Reverend Samuel Brewer, congregationalist pastor at Stepney Meeting House for 50 years. However, James was attracted to the Church of England and soon became an Anglican.
All Happy Families...
"All Happy Families..." is the 56th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the fourth of the show's fifth season. Written by Toni Kalem and directed by Rodrigo García, it originally aired on March 28, 2004 and was the most-watched program on U.S. cable television for the week.

John Pleshette
John Pleshette is an American actor and screenwriter, best known for his role as Richard Avery on the television drama Knots Landing, and for portraying Lee Harvey Oswald in the TV movie The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald. Pleshette also wrote several scripts for Knots Landing in the 1980s.
Rosanna Bettarini
Rosanna Bettarini (30 July 1938, in Florence – 26 December 2012, in Florence) was an Italian philologist, best known for her critical editions on the works of Giorgio Vasari (with Paola Barocchi), Dante da Maiano, Jacopone da Todi, Eugenio Montale (with Gianfranco Contini), and Petrarch. She taught at the University of Florence, was a member of the Accademia della Crusca and the Accademia dei Lincei, and was president of the Viareggio Prize.

Jacopone da Todi
Jacopone da Todi O.F.M. (c. 1230 – 25 December 1306) was an Italian Franciscan friar from Umbria. He wrote several laude (songs in praise of the Lord) in the local vernacular. He was an early pioneer in Italian theatre, being one of the earliest scholars who dramatised Gospel subjects.
Volodymyr Ivanov (volleyball)
Volodymyr Timofiyovich Ivanov (Ukrainian: Володимир Тимофійович Іванов, born 10 September 1940) is a Ukrainian former volleyball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1968 Summer Olympics.

He was born in the Gomel, Byelorussian SSR.

In 1968, he was part of the Soviet team which won the gold medal in the Olympic tournament. He played eight matches.

Gomel
Gomel (Russian: Гомель, IPA: [ˈɡomʲɪlʲ]) or Homyel (Belarusian: Гомель, romanized: Homieĺ, IPA: [ˈɣomʲelʲ]) is a city in south-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Gomel Region and Gomel District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it is the second-largest city in Belarus, with 501,193 inhabitants.
Jonathan Monje
Jonathan Monje (born August 25, 1981) is a Chilean long-distance runner.

Monje was born in Talcahuano. He finished eleventh in the 10,000 metres at the 2000 World Junior Championships and eighth in the half marathon at the 2003 Summer Universiade. He has also competed at the World Cross Country Championships in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2006.

Monje's personal best half marathon time is 1:04:38 hours, achieved in June 2001 in Osorno. He has 29:31.80 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in April 2004 in Concepción, Chile.

Monje has won a number of medals at the South American Cross Country Championships. After winning a silver in the junior race in 2001, he went on to win the long race gold and short race bronze medals in 2002. The following year he took the long race silver and another short bronze medal. He won the long race silver medal for a second time in 2006.

2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 23/24, 2002.  The races were held at the Leopardstown Racecourse, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, near Dublin, Ireland.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, in the Herald,  and for the IAAF.

New scores for team results were introduced.

Complete results for senior men, for senior men's teams, for men's short race, for men's short race teams, for junior men, for junior men's teams, senior women, for senior women's teams, for women's short race, for women's short race teams, for junior women,  for junior women's teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published.
A Aa E Ee (2009 Telugu film)
A Aa E Ee (short for Athalo Aame Inthalo Eeme) is a 2009 Telugu language film directed by Srinivasa Reddy. The film stars Srikanth, Meera Jasmine and Sadha in lead roles. Krishna Bhagawan, Ali, Kovai Sarala, Kavitha, Hema play prominent supporting roles in the film.
The film was later dubbed into Hindi as Diljale The Burning Heart in 2011.

Meera Jasmine
Jasmine Mary Joseph, known professionally as Meera Jasmine, is an Indian actress who appears primarily in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada films. Jasmine made her debut in 2001 with the Lohithadas film Soothradharan. She went on to star in various commercial and critically successful films in South Indian languages, making her one of the successful actresses of the 2000s.

She won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2004 for her role in Paadam Onnu: Oru Vilapam, and has twice been the recipient of the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress as well as a Tamil Nadu State Film Award. She also received the Kalaimamani award from the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Vatara Thana
Vatara Thana is a thana of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. Its neighbourhoods include Sayeed Nagar, Baridhara, Vatara, Solmaid, Nurerchala, Khilbarirtek, Kalachandpur, and Kuril.

Key roads passing through this thana include Progoti Sarani, and Madani Avenue, a 100-foot-wide (30 m) road connecting it to Rupganj Upazila of Narayanganj.

Part of this thana is encompassed by ward number 40 of Dhaka North City Corporation.

Administrative geography of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is divided into 8 divisions and 64 districts, although these have a limited role in public policy. For the purpose of local governance, the country is divided into subdistricts, municipalities (or town councils), city corporations (i.e., metropolitan municipal corporations), and union councils (i.e., rural councils).

The diagram below outlines the five tiers of government in Bangladesh.
Abel de Pujol
Alexandre-Denis-Abel de Pujol or Abel de Pujol (30 January 1785 in Valenciennes – 29 September 1861 in Paris) was a French painter. He was a student of David and his own students included Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps and Émile Lévy. He painted the ceiling of the grand-staircase at the Louvre as well as the galerie de Diane at Fontainebleau and the ceiling of the Bourse de Paris. A member of the Institut de France, he was an officer of the légion d'honneur.

Valenciennes
Valenciennes (/ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/, also UK: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/, US: /-nz, vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn(z)/, French: [valɑ̃sjɛn] ⓘ; also Dutch: Valencijn; Picard: Valincyinnes or Valinciennes; Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.

It lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded.
Maple taffy
Maple taffy (sometimes maple toffee in English-speaking Canada, tire d'érable or tire sur la neige in French-speaking Canada; also sugar on snow or candy on the snow or leather aprons in the United States) is a sugar candy made by boiling maple sap past the point where it would form maple syrup, but not so long that it becomes maple butter or maple sugar. It is part of traditional culture in Quebec, Eastern Ontario, New Brunswick and northern New England. In these regions, it is poured onto the snow, then lifted either with a small wooden stick, such as a popsicle stick, or a metal dinner fork.

Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in the xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.  These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separate substance, separately produced, and with different components and functions.

Insect honeydew is called sap, particularly when it falls from trees, but is only the remains of eaten sap and other plant parts.
Tikhoretsk constituency
The Tikhoretsk constituency (No.51) is a Russian legislative constituency in Krasnodar Krai. The constituency covers rural eastern Krasnodar Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Alexey Ezubov, a four-term State Duma member and former Basic Element executive.

Korenovsky District
Korenovsky District (Russian: Корено́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Korenovsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the krai. The area of the district is 1,433 square kilometers (553 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Korenovsk. Population:  85,264 (2010 Census); 85,259 (2002 Census); 77,131 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Korenovsk accounts for 48.3% of the district's total population.
Agaricus bernardii
Agaricus bernardii, commonly called the salt-loving agaricus, or salty mushroom, is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. The mushroom's thick stem is usually shorter than the diameter of the cap, which ranges from 5–15 centimetres (2–6 inches) and is convex to flattened. The cap surface is whitish to buff, and can develop scales or warts in age. The gills are initially pink before turning brown when the spores mature. The flesh turns reddish when it is cut or bruised. It resembles species such as A. bitorquis.

Found in Eurasia, North America, New Zealand, and Australia, A. bernardii is a salt-tolerant species that grows in salt marshes, dunes, and coastal grassland. An edible mushroom, it is stronger in flavor but similar to the store-bought button mushrooms, A. bisporus.

Halotolerance
Halotolerance is the adaptation of living organisms to conditions of high salinity. Halotolerant species tend to live in areas such as hypersaline lakes, coastal dunes, saline deserts, salt marshes, and inland salt seas and springs. Halophiles are also organisms that not only live in highly saline environments but also require the salinity to survive. Halotolerant organisms on the other hand (belonging to different domains of life) can grow under saline conditions, but do not require elevated concentrations of salt for growth. Halophytes are salt-tolerant higher plants. Halotolerant microorganisms are of considerable biotechnological interest.
Vigdis Moe Skarstein
Vigdis Moe Skarstein  (born 24 December 1946) is a Norwegian librarian. She was born in Levanger.

She was appointed director of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology from 1998 to 2004. She served as director of the National Library of Norway from 2004 to 2014. From 2001 to 2009 she chaired the Arts Council Norway.

National Library of Norway
The National Library of Norway (Norwegian: Nasjonalbiblioteket) was established in 1989. Its principal task is "to preserve the past for the future". The library is located both in Oslo and in Mo i Rana. The building in Oslo was restored and reopened in 2005.

Prior to the existence of the National Library, the University Library of Oslo was assigned the tasks that normally fall to a national library.

The Norwegian ISBN Agency, responsible for assigning ISBNs with prefix 82- and 978-82-, is part of the National Library of Norway. The National Library is also responsible for legal deposits made from publishers in Norway. All material is to be submitted free of charge.

Aslak Sira Myhre is national librarian from November 2014.
The Chartered Institute of Marketing
The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) was founded in 1911. It has over 30,000 members, including more than 3,000 registered Chartered Marketers. CIM offers 130 study centres in 36 countries, and exam centres in 132 countries.

In 1952 Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, became the institute's patron, taking over from King George VI who was appointed in 1937 as CIM's first royal patron. In 2019 King Charles III (then Prince of Wales), became the new patron of CIM.

The first Code of Practice was introduced in 1973, and in 1989, the institute was awarded a royal charter.

CIM offers training courses, and professional qualifications, from foundation to postgraduate or master's degree level (EQF Level 7). In 1992, the European Union declared CIM's flagship qualification as the "preferred professional marketing qualification through member states".

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.
Oliver Penrose
Oliver Penrose FRS FRSE (born 6 June 1929) is a British theoretical physicist and emeritus professor at Heriot-Watt University.  His topics of interest include statistical mechanics, phase transitions in metals and the physical chemistry of surfactants. He is known for introducing the concept of off-diagonal long-range order, important to the present understanding of superfluids and superconductors. He is also known for the Penrose criterion in plasma physics.

He was associated with the Open University for seventeen years and was a Professor of Mathematics at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh from 1986 until his retirement in 1994.

Penrose has worked in fundamental topics, which include understanding the physical basis for the direction of time and interpretations of quantum mechanics.

Interpretations of quantum mechanics
An interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics might correspond to experienced reality. Quantum mechanics has held up to rigorous and extremely precise tests in an extraordinarily broad range of experiments. However, there exist a number of contending schools of thought over their interpretation. These views on interpretation differ on such fundamental questions as whether quantum mechanics is deterministic or stochastic, local or non-local, which elements of quantum mechanics can be considered real, and what the nature of measurement is, among other matters.

While some variation of the Copenhagen interpretation is commonly presented in textbooks, many other interpretations have been developed.
Despite a century of debate and experiment, no consensus has been reached among physicists and philosophers of physics concerning which interpretation best "represents" reality.
Alexander Rigby (died 1694)
Alexander Rigby (22 August 1620 – February, 1694) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  in 1659 and 1660.

Rigby was the son of Alexander Rigby of Middleton in Goosnargh near Preston and his wife Lucy Legh of Manchester. He succeeded father at Middleton in 1650.

In 1659, Rigby was elected Member of Parliament for Lancashire in the Third Protectorate Parliament.  In April 1660 he was elected MP for  Preston in the Convention Parliament, but was unseated on petition.

Rigby died at the age of  73 and was buried on 4 March 1694.

Goosnargh
Goosnargh (/ˈɡuːznər/ GOOZ-nər) is a village and civil parish in the City of Preston district of Lancashire, England.

The village lies between Broughton and Longridge, and mostly lies in the civil parish of Whittingham, although the ancient centre lies in the civil parish of Goosnargh. The parish of Goosnargh had a population of 1,204 recorded in the 2001 census, increasing to 1,316 at the 2011 Census. The village population in 2011 was 1,072.
Your Name Poisons My Dreams
Your Name Poisons My Dreams (Spanish: Tu nombre envenena mis sueños)  is a 1996 Spanish thriller film directed and co-written by Pilar Miró consisting of an adaptation of the novel Tu nombre envenena mis sueños by Joaquín Leguina. It stars Carmelo Gómez and Emma Suárez alongside Ángel de Andrés, Anabel Alonso and Toni Cantó.

Carmelo Gómez
Carmelo Gómez Celada (born 2 January 1962) is a Spanish actor. He is the recipient of two Goya Awards, for best supporting actor in The Method and best leading actor in Running Out of Time. A very popular actor in 1990s Spanish cinema, working under the likes of Julio Medem, Pilar Miró and Imanol Uribe, he is a recurring co-star of Emma Suárez.