hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Schmieder
Robert William Schmieder (born July 10, 1941) is an American scientist and explorer. Schmieder has had a multidisciplinary career, broadly divided between physics and related physical sciences, and natural science and exploration. In most of his projects, he created and led teams of both professional scientists and volunteers. His work is documented in about 100 technical publications and 10 books. Among his most significant work was the invention of laser spark spectroscopy (now commercialized), the formulation of nanologic (the use of nanoscale devices in computers), and the concept of underwater islands (which led to designation of the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary).

Ion source
An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.
Fatuma Roba
Fatuma Roba (Amharic: ፋጡማ ሮባ; born 18 December 1973) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner, best known for being the first African woman to win a gold medal in the women's Olympic marathon race, at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and for winning three successive Boston Marathons.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics
At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, 44 events in athletics were contested. There were a total number of 2053 participating athletes from 191 countries.

A total of two world records and 14 Olympic records were set during the competition.
Palmera cattle
The Palmera is an endangered breed of cattle from the island of San Miguel de La Palma, in the Spanish autonomous community of the Canary Islands. The cattle are not indigenous to the island, but were brought by European settlers in the fifteenth century. The Palmera derives from the Rubia Gallega breed of Galicia. It is distributed mostly in the municipalities of Breña Alta, Breña Baja, El Paso, Garafía, Los Llanos de Aridane and Villa de Mazo, with small numbers in the municipalities of Puntagorda, Santa Cruz de La Palma and Tijarafe; a few may be found on the islands of Fuerteventura and Tenerife.: 130

Santa Cruz de La Palma
Santa Cruz de la Palma (Spanish for Holy Cross of La Palma) is a city and a municipality on the east coast of the island of La Palma in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife of the Canary Islands. Santa Cruz de la Palma is the second-largest city (after Los Llanos de Aridane) and is the capital of the island. It is along an old lava flow coming from the Caldereta (small caldera), a volcano just south of the city. Santa Cruz de La Palma has the privilege of having the first democratically elected town hall in Spain.

The population of the municipality is 16,330 (2013), its area is 43.38 km2.  Around 13,000 people live within the city limits, with the remaining population residing in other settlements.
Infrared signature
Infrared signature, as used by defense scientists and the military, is the appearance of objects to infrared sensors. An infrared signature depends on many factors, including the shape and size of the object, temperature, and emissivity, reflection of external sources (earthshine, sunshine, skyshine) from the object's surface, the background against which it is viewed and the waveband of the detecting sensor. As such there is no all-encompassing definition of infrared signature nor any trivial means of measuring it. For example, the infrared signature of a truck viewed against a field will vary significantly with changing weather, time of day and engine loading.

Two fairly successful examples of defining the infrared signature of an object are the apparent temperature difference at the sensor and the contrast radiant intensity (CRI) definitions.

Earthlight
Earthlight is the diffuse reflection of sunlight reflected from Earth's surface and clouds. Earthshine (an example of planetshine) causes the Moon's ashen light, the dim illumination of the otherwise unilluminated portion of the Moon by this indirect sunlight.

Earthlight on the Moon during the waxing crescent is sometimes called "the old Moon in the new Moon's arms", while that during the waning crescent is called "the new Moon in the old Moon's arms".
Rorbu
Rorbu is a Norwegian traditional type of seasonal house used by fishermen, normally located in a fishing village. The buildings are constructed on land, but with the one end on poles in the water, allowing easy access to vessels. The style and term is used along the coast of Western Norway and Northern Norway, and is most common on Lofoten and northwards to eastern Finnmark. The use of rorbu for fishing has diminished and the style of housing is now largely used to rent out to tourists.

In 1999 the painter Ingo Kühl visited the Lofoten, set up a provisional studio in Reine in a rorbu and painted the view over the harbor to the mountain range.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Edurne Pasaban
Edurne Pasaban Lizarribar (born August 1, 1973) is a Basque Spanish mountaineer. On May 17, 2010, she became the first woman to climb all 14 of the eight-thousanders – and the 21st person to do so. Her first 8,000 peak had been achieved 9 years earlier, on May 23, 2001, when she reached the summit of Mount Everest. She has also completed the seven summits.

Shishapangma
Shishapangma, or Shishasbangma or Xixiabangma (Chinese: 希夏邦马; pinyin: Xī xià bāng mǎ), is the 14th-highest mountain in the world, at 8,027 metres (26,335 ft) above sea level. The lowest 8,000 metre peak, it is located entirely within Tibet.
2015 Ecuador Open Quito
The 2015 Ecuador Open Quito was an ATP tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the Ecuador Open as part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place in Quito, Ecuador from February 2 through February 8, 2015.

Facundo Argüello (tennis)
Facundo Argüello (Spanish pronunciation: [faˈkundo aɾˈɣweʝo]; born 4 August 1992) is an Argentine inactive tennis player.

He played in an ATP 250 doubles event in 2011.

In 2013 he played the qualifying stages of the Roland Garros Open and US Open. In 2014 he won the Itajaí Challenger, beating Diego Schwartzman in the final match. He qualified directly to the 2014 Roland Garros Open, where he lost to world number 43 Radek Štěpánek after winning the first two sets. In the 2015 Roland Garros draw, he faced Andy Murray in the first round, Murray won in straight sets.
Modernizing Opioid Treatment Access Act
The Modernizing Opioid Treatment Access Act is a proposed United States congressional bill introduced in the 118th United States Congress. Introduced in response to the national opioid epidemic, the legislation would expand access to methadone, an approved medication for treating opioid use disorder (OUD).

The bill would give pharmacies the ability to provide methadone to patients with OUD, which can currently only be accessed at methadone clinics. Additionally, the bill would allow approved healthcare providers to prescribe take-home doses for OUD patients.

Opioid agonist therapy
Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is a treatment in which prescribed opioid agonists are given to patients who live with opioid use disorder (OUD). In the case of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), methadone is used to treat dependence on heroin or other opioids, and is administered on an ongoing basis.

The benefits of this treatment include a more manageable withdrawal experience, cognitive improvement, and lower HIV transmission. The length of OAT varies from one individual to another based on their physiology, environmental surroundings, and quality of life.

The term medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) is used to describe medication including methadone and buprenorphine, which are used to treat patients with OUD.
Basseri dialect
Basseri dialect (Persian: گویش باصری) is a Persian or Southwestern Fars dialect spoken in Fars province by the Basseri people. It is part of the Southwestern Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages. Basseri dialect consists of many exclusive Persian words with Old and Middle Persian roots and less Arabic Loanwords, which is a consequence of living in the mountains, nomadism and less connection with urban Persians.

Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
Borshchahivka
Borshchahivka (Ukrainian: Борщагівка, Russian: Борщаговка) is a neighborhood located in the west and south-west of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is part of the city's Sviatoshynskyi District and suburban Bucha Raion. The eponymous Borshchahivka River flows through the neighborhood.

The neighborhood is named after a large village that was founded at the site. The contemporary urban look comes from the 1960s and 1970s. The neighborhood is divided into four sections: Mykilska, Mykhailivska, Bratska, and Pivdenna (South) Borshchahivka. The first three are former villages incorporated into Kyiv, while the last section was built in 1980s in place of northern Bratska Borshchahivka. Two villages named Petropavlivska Borshchahivka and Sofiivska Borshchahivka also exist nearby, but they do not belong to Kyiv.

A light rail line connects Borshchahivka with Kyiv's central railway station.

Bucha Raion
Bucha Raion (Ukrainian: Бучанський район, romanized: Buchanskyi raion) is a raion (district) of Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the town of Bucha. One abolished raion, Borodianka Raion, parts of abolished Kyiv-Sviatoshyn and Makariv Raions, as well as Irpin Municipality and the city of Bucha, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance, were merged into Bucha Raion. The population of the raion is 375,536 (2022 estimate).
Luis Tosar
Luis López Tosar (born 13 October 1971) is a Spanish actor from Galicia. He is one of the most recognizable and versatile actors in Spain.

He landed his film debut in Atilano for President (1998), followed by other roles in feature films such as Flowers from Another World (1999), Common Wealth (2000) and No News from God (2001). He won early acclaim and recognition for his performances in Mondays in the Sun (2002) and Take My Eyes (2003).

After a career turning point in the wake of his performance as Malamadre in Cell 211, he has been often typecast in thriller films.

La comunidad (film)
La comunidad (UK title: Common Wealth) is a 2000 Spanish black comedy film directed by Álex de la Iglesia.

Driven by the ambition and greed of the characters to the point of the degradation of their human condition, the plot concerns the developments in a homeowner community in Madrid upon the finding of 300 million ₧ in the apartment of a dead man by real estate agent Julia (Carmen Maura). Maura garnered critical acclaim for her performance and scooped a Silver Shell and a Goya Award for Best Actress.
Studio Killers
Studio Killers is a British-Finnish-Danish virtual band made up of four animated characters: vocalist and designer Cherry, keyboardist Goldie Foxx, DJ Dyna Mink, and manager Bipolar Bear.

The only confirmed members of the band are Darren Stokes and Philip Larsen.

Nathan Barnatt
Nathan James Barnatt (born February 2, 1981) is an American actor, comedian, dancer, YouTuber, stuntman, filmmaker and boxer. He is best known for his famous comical characters Keith Apicary and "Dad".
Robinvale Sport Field
Robinvale Sport Field is a small stadium in the Robinvale district of Atlantis, a town located 40 km north of Cape Town in South Africa. In 2011 it became the new home venue of Jomo Powers F.C., playing in the Western Cape province of Vodacom League.

Robinvale
Robinvale is a town on the south bank of the Murray River in north western Victoria, Australia.  It is connected by a bridge to Euston on the other side of the river in New South Wales.  At the 2021 census, Robinvale had a population of 3,740, but a population study conducted by the Rural City of Swan Hill in 2019 identified that Robinvale had an estimated population of between 7,000 in November and 8,800 in March each year.
Joseph D. Stewart
Joseph D. Stewart, also known as "Joey D,"  (July 9, 1942 – April 30, 2019) was a United States Marine Corps major general, who after his retirement from the Marine Corps, was appointed as superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) on August 1, 1998.  He retired from the U.S. Maritime Service with the rank of vice admiral on September 30, 2008.

United States Maritime Service
The United States Maritime Service (USMS) was established in 1938 under the provisions of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as voluntary training organization to train individuals to become officers and crew members on merchant ships that form the United States Merchant Marine per 46 U.S.C. § 51701.  Heavily utilized during World War II, the USMS was largely dissolved in 1954, and its resources were absorbed into other federal departments. However, while the service is no longer structurally organized, remnants of the service still exist today and the service still actively commission officers to fill the ranks of the U.S. Navy Strategic Sealift Officer corps and to function as administrators and instructors at the United States Merchant Marine Academy and the state maritime academies.
Eltingville (comics)
Eltingville (also referred to as The Eltingville Club) is the name given to a series of comics created by Evan Dorkin. The series ran in his comic books Dork and House of Fun before it received a two-issue run through Dark Horse Comics in 2014. Eltingville was adapted into a pilot for Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block in 2002, but was not picked up for an official series. The series has won three Eisner Awards, beginning with the 1995 story Bring Me the Head of Boba Fett. Of the series' title, Dorkin chose to name the series Eltingville after Eltingville, Staten Island, where he worked off and on in a comic book store for six years.

Slave Labor Graphics
Slave Labor Graphics (SLG) is an American independent comic book publisher, well known for publishing darkly humorous, offbeat adult comics. Creators associated with SLG over the years include Evan Dorkin, Roman Dirge, Sarah Dyer, Woodrow Phoenix, Jhonen Vasquez, and Andi Watson.
Biga, Çanakkale
Biga is a city in Çanakkale Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is located on the Biga River, 90 kilometres (56 miles) northeast from Çanakkale city centre. It is the seat of Biga District. Its population is 57,125 (2021). The town lies at an elevation of 21 m (69 ft). The center of COMU Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is in Biga.

Marmara region
The Marmara region (Turkish: Marmara Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.

Located in East Thrace, it is bordered by Greece and the Aegean Sea to the west, Bulgaria and the Black Sea to the north, the Black Sea Region to the east, and the Aegean Region to the south. At the center of the region is the Sea of Marmara, which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is Istanbul. Other big cities are Bursa, İzmit, Balıkesir, Tekirdağ, Çanakkale and Edirne.

Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.
NGC 7706
NGC 7706 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Pisces, first observed by British astronomer John Herschel on 16 October 1827 during his surveys of the southern and equatorial sky. Its position in the sky is near right ascension 23h 35m 10.4s and declination +04° 57′ 51″ (J2000 epoch).

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.
1997 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1997 Spanish Grand Prix (formally the XXXIX Gran Premio Marlboro de España) was a Formula One motor race held on 25 May 1997 at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain. It was the sixth race of the 1997 Formula One World Championship.

The 64-lap race was won from pole position by Canadian Jacques Villeneuve, driving a Williams-Renault. Frenchman Olivier Panis finished second in a Prost-Mugen-Honda, six seconds behind Villeneuve, having only started 12th. Another Frenchman, Jean Alesi, finished third in a Benetton-Renault.

The win, Villeneuve's third of the season, put him back into the lead of the Drivers' Championship by three points from German Michael Schumacher, who finished fourth in his Ferrari.

Ferrari F310
The Ferrari F310, and its evolution, the F310B, were the Formula One racing cars with which the Ferrari team competed in the 1996 and 1997 seasons. It was driven in both years by Michael Schumacher, who was swapped with Benetton in favour of Jean Alesi, and Eddie Irvine, who replaced Gerhard Berger.

This was the first Ferrari Formula One car to run on Shell fuel since the 312B3 in 1973.
Stetina
Stetina (Czech: Štětina, feminine: Štětinová; Slovak: Štetina, feminine: Štetinová) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dale Stetina (born 1956), American racing cyclist

Ilona Stetina (1855–1932), Romanian educator and women's rights activist

Jaromír Štětina (1943–2025), Czech journalist and politician

Lukáš Štetina (born 1991), Slovak footballer

Peter Stetina (born 1987), American off-road cyclist

Troy Stetina (born 1963), American guitarist

Vít Štětina (born 1989), Czech footballer

Wayne Stetina (born 1953), American cyclist

Jaromír Štětina
Jaromír Štětina (6 April 1943 – 17 April 2025) was a Czech journalist, writer and politician. He served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2014 to 2019 for the Czech Republic, representing TOP 09. He was also known as a war correspondent from the conflict areas of the former Soviet Union countries.
150 BC
Year 150 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flamininus and Balbus (or, less frequently, year 604 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 150 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Demetrius I Soter
Demetrius I Soter (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος Α` ὁ Σωτήρ, Dēmḗtrios ho Sōtḗr, "Demetrius the Saviour"; 185 – June 150 BC) reigned as king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire from November 162 to June 150 BC.  Demetrius grew up in Rome as a hostage, but returned to Greek Syria and overthrew his young cousin Antiochus V Eupator and regent Lysias.  Demetrius took control during a turbulent time of the Empire, and spent much of his time fighting off revolts and challenges to his power from threats such as Timarchus and Alexander Balas.
Barbara Ackermann
Barbara Ackermann (1925-2020) was an American politician and activist who served on the Cambridge, Massachusetts School Committee from 1962 to 1967, the City Council from 1968 to 1977, and was Mayor from 1972 to 1973.

She was born Barbara Hulley in 1925 in Stockholm, where her father, Benjamin M. Hulley, a career foreign service officer, was then stationed. She lived her childhood in France and Ireland until briefly returning to the US in 1941.

Ackermann was an opponent of the Vietnam War and a supporter of Eugene McCarthy in the 1968 presidential election.

Ackermann was a candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1978. She finished behind Edward J. King and Michael Dukakis in the Democratic primary with 6.72% to King's 51.07% and Dukakis' 42.20%.

Barbara Ackermann died on July 4, 2020, in Lenox, Massachusetts, at the age of 95.

Lenox, Massachusetts
Lenox is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The town is in Western Massachusetts and part of the Pittsfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 5,095 at the 2020 census. Lenox is the site of Shakespeare & Company and Tanglewood, summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Lenox includes the villages of New Lenox and Lenox Dale and the census-designated place of Lenox, and is a tourist destination during the summer.
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (Arabic: معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir (Miramamolín in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate.

Navas de Tolosa (also called Las Navas) is a town and hamlet in southern Spain, in the municipality of La Carolina, in the province of Jaén, in the eastern part of the Sierra Morena region, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with the province of Ciudad Real.

Amir al-Mu'minin
Amir al-Mu'minin (Arabic: أَمِيرُ المُؤمنين, romanized: ʾAmīr al-Muʾminīn), or Commander of the Believers (also translated as Commander of the Faithful), is a politico-religious title in Islamic history denoting supreme leadership over the Muslim community (ummah). The term combines amīr (lit. 'commander, leader') with al-muʾminīn (lit. 'the believers'), thereby signifying authority that is simultaneously military, administrative, judicial, and moral in nature.