hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ColorZilla
ColorZilla is a Google Chrome and Mozilla extension that assists web developers and graphic designers with color related and other tasks.

ColorZilla allows getting a color reading from any point in the browser, quickly adjusting this color and pasting it into another program, such as Photoshop.

The extension allows zooming Web pages and measuring distances between any two points on the page. The built-in palette browser allows choosing colors from pre-defined color sets and saving the most used colors in custom palettes. DOM spying features allow getting various information about DOM elements.

Graphic designer
A graphic designer is a practitioner who follows the discipline of graphic design, either within companies or organizations or independently. They are professionals in design and visual communication, with their primary focus on transforming linguistic messages into graphic manifestations, whether tangible or intangible. They are responsible for planning, designing, projecting, and conveying messages or ideas through visual communication. Graphic design is one of the most in-demand professions with significant job opportunities, as it allows leveraging technological advancements and working online from anywhere in the world.
Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007)
The Battle of Mogadishu (March – April 2007) was a major military engagement between the Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) and allied Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces on one side, and a coalition of Somali Islamist insurgents and clan militias fighting under Muqawama (Resistance) umbrella on the other.

Launched to deliver a decisive blow against the insurgency opposing Ethiopia’s military occupation, the offensive failed to achieve its objectives, and insurgent strength subsequently increased. The battle saw the use of ENDF tanks, artillery and airstrikes from helicopter gunships within the city, which were used indiscriminately in densely populated areas. Intense urban combat inflicted heavy damage on roughly one-third of Mogadishu’s buildings and much of the city’s economic infrastructure. Time magazine described the battle as “some of the most savage fighting” the capital had ever witnessed.

Ethiopian National Defense Force
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) (Amharic: የኢፌዴሪ መከላከያ ሰራዊት, romanized: Ye'īfēdērī mekelakeya šerawīt, lit. 'FDRE Defense Force') is the combined military force of Ethiopia. ENDF is consisted of 8 command forces which is controlled by Defense Commanders council chaired by Chief of General Staff.
CGMS-A
Copy Generation Management System – Analog (CGMS-A) is a copy protection mechanism for analog television signals. It consists of a waveform inserted into the non-picture vertical blanking interval (VBI) of an analogue video signal. If a compatible recording device (for example, a DVD recorder) detects this waveform, it may block or restrict recording of the video content.

It is not the same as the broadcast flag, which is designed for use in digital television signals, although the concept is the same. There is a digital form of CGMS specified as CGMS-D which is required by the DTCP ("5C") protection standard.

Copy protection
Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any measure to enforce copyright by preventing the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media.

Copy protection is most commonly found on videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, HD-DVDs, computer software discs, video game discs and cartridges, audio CDs and some VCDs. It also may be incorporated into digitally distributed versions of media and software.

Some methods of copy protection have also led to criticism because it caused inconvenience for paying consumers or secretly installed additional or unwanted software to detect copying activities on the consumer's computer.
Trevor McDougall
Trevor John McDougall is an Australian physical oceanographer specialising in ocean mixing and the thermodynamics of seawater. He is Emeritus Scientia Professor of Ocean Physics in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and is past president of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.

Royal Society of Tasmania
The Royal Society of Tasmania (RST) was formed in 1843. It was the first Royal Society outside the United Kingdom, and its mission was the advancement of knowledge.

The work of the Royal Society of Tasmania includes:

Promoting Tasmanian historical, scientific and technological knowledge for the benefit of Tasmanians,

Fostering Tasmanian public engagement and participation in the quest for objective knowledge,

Recognising excellence in academia and supporting Tasmanian academic excellence, and

Providing objective advice for policy relating to Tasmanian issues.

The Patron of the Society is Her Excellency, Professor, the Honourable Kate Warner AM, Governor of Tasmania.
Innbach
The Innbach is a river in Upper Austria with a length of approximately 59 km (37 mi). Its source is near Gaspoltshofen at the foot of the Hausruck hills and empties into the Danube at Wilhering. Its drainage basin covers 196 km2 (76 sq mi).  After Gaspoltshofen, the Innbach passes the towns of Kematen am Innbach, Pichl bei Wels and Bad Schallerbach, at the mouth of the Trattnach. Near Eferding, it joins with the Aschach and a few kilometers later flows into the Danube downstream of the Ottensheim-Wilhering Power Station .

Due to its high volume, many mills were once located along the Innbach.

The Innbach is populated with many species of fish, among them: brown trout, brook trout, bullhead, minnow, grayling, gudgeon, rainbow trout, chub, barbel, roach, rudd, spirlin, perch, nase, dace, bleak, carp, bream, burbot, pike, zander, and catfish.

Squalius cii
Squalius cii, the Marmara chub, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This species is endemic to Turkey and Lesbos.
Michele de Jorio
Michele de Jorio (Procida, 18 October 1738 – Procida, 13 February 1806) was an Italian jurist, lawyer, and magistrate. He was from the Kingdom of Naples.

From 1798, de Jorio also became a university professor of commercial law. In 1799, he published in Naples the text of the lectures given during the first year of the course, La giurisprudenza del commercio ("The Jurisprudence of Commerce"), a substantial four-volume manual.

Procida
Procida (Italian: [ˈprɔːtʃida]; Neapolitan: Proceta) is one of the Phlegraean Islands off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the region of Campania.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 9
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 9 (P. Oxy. 9) is a fragment of the "Ruthmica Stoicheia" of Aristoxenus of Tarentum, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus, in Middle Egypt. The fragment is dated to the third century. It is housed at Trinity College, Dublin. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measurements of the fragment are 227 by 435 mm. The fragment contains a five-column fragment of a treatise on meter. The text is written in an upright uncial hand.

Bernard Pyne Grenfell
Bernard Pyne Grenfell FBA (16 December 1869 – 18 May 1926) was an English scientist and egyptologist. Excavations he did with Arthur Surridge Hunt uncovered manuscripts including the oldest Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
Islamic University of Technology
Islamic University of Technology (Bengali: ইসলামিক ইউনিভার্সিটি অব টেকনোলজি), commonly known as IUT, is an international engineering technological research university located in Gazipur, Bangladesh. IUT offers undergraduate and graduate programs in engineering and technical education.

IUT is a subsidiary organ of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The university receives endowment from OIC member states and offers scholarships to the allocated number of students in the form of tuition waivers and free accommodation.

The campus was designed by Turkish architect Mehmet Doruk Pamir, an MIT graduate.

Gazipur
Gazipur (Bengali: গাজীপুর) is a city in central Bangladesh. Located in Gazipur District in Dhaka Division, it is a major industrial city 25 km (16 mi) north of Dhaka. It is a hub for the textile industry in Bangladesh, with 75% of all garment industries situated there. It is also part of Greater Dhaka.

Since 2013, Gazipur has been governed by the Gazipur City Corporation, making it one of eleven cities of Bangladesh that are administered by a city corporation.
San Juan Police Department
The San Juan Police Department is the primary law enforcement agency for the city of San Juan, PR, with jurisdiction only in the city limits of San Juan. It is also the largest municipal police force in the commonwealth, and the second largest of any police force in the commonwealth, after the Puerto Rico Police Department. It was created in 1977 under law #19 of May 12, 1977, known as the Municipal Police Law creating local police forces in each city of Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico Highway 3
Puerto Rico Highway 3 (PR-3) at nearly 100 miles long, is the second-longest highway on Puerto Rico (after PR-2). It connects the San Juan neighborhood of Río Piedras to downtown Salinas indirectly around the eastern coast of the island. Highway 3 ranges from a three lane urban avenue in San Juan to a one lane rural road past Fajardo. While other roads connect San Juan, it runs the coastline of Puerto Rico east of San Juan, beginning in Río Piedras near Santurce (where it is known as the Avenida 65 de Infantería) and goes to Fajardo where it goes south paralleling the coastline to Humacao and Maunabo. It goes up to a mountain-scenic route and goes west to Salinas, where it meets PR-1.
Andrew Pearson (cricketer)
Andrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer.  Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born in Rustington, Sussex.

Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980,  Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship.  He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances.  He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy.  In this match he scored 39 runs before being dismissed by Viv Richards.  He made a further List A appearance against Gloucestershire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy.  He scored 4 runs in this match, before being dismissed by David Lawrence.  He later played a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match for the Northamptonshire Cricket Board against Suffolk.

Northamptonshire Cricket Board
The Northamptonshire Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Northamptonshire.

From 1999 to 2002 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status. The Board's final List A match was in the first round of the 2003 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy which was held in August 2002.
Ricard
Ricard is a surname, as well as a Catalan name. Notable people with the surname include:

Amable Ricard (1828–1876), French politician

Étienne Pierre Sylvestre Ricard (1771–1843), French general under Napoleon

Hámilton Ricard (born 1974), Colombian footballer

Jean-François Ricard (born 1956), French prosecutor of the National Terrorism Prosecution Office

Jean-Pierre Ricard (born 1944), Catholic cardinal, Archbishop of Bordeaux

John Ricard (born 1940), U.S. Catholic bishop

Matthieu Ricard (born 1946), Nepalese French Buddhist monk

Patrick Ricard (American football) (born 1994), American football player

Paul Ricard (1909–1997), French entrepreneur

René Ricard (1946–2014), American poet, art critic, and painter

Théogène Ricard (1909–2006), Canadian politician

Amable Ricard
Pierre Henri Amable Ricard (12 June 1828 – 11 May 1876) was a French politician and lawyer. He was Minister of the Interior between March 1876 and his death two months later.

A member of the republican centre-left, Ricard was deputy for Deux-Sèvres from 1871 to 1876, when he became a senator for life.
Ziv–Zakai bound
The Ziv–Zakai bound (named after Jacob Ziv and Moshe Zakai) is used in theory of estimations to provide a lower bound on possible-probable error involving some random parameter  from a noisy observation . The bound work by connecting probability of the excess error to the hypothesis testing. The bound is considered to be tighter than Cramér–Rao bound albeit more involved.  Several modern version of the bound have been introduced  subsequent of the first version which was published 1969.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
E. W. F. Tomlin
Eric Walter Frederick Tomlin CBE (30 January 1913 – 16 January 1988) was a British essayist, known mostly for many books and articles on philosophical topics.

He knew both T. S. Eliot and Wyndham Lewis, and wrote on them.

Wyndham Lewis
Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was a Canadian-born British writer, painter and critic. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and edited Blast, the literary magazine of the Vorticists.

His novels include Tarr (1916–17) and The Human Age trilogy, comprising The Childermass (1928), Monstre Gai (1955) and Malign Fiesta (1955). A fourth volume, The Trial of Man, remained unfinished upon his death. He wrote two autobiographical volumes: Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) and Rude Assignment: A Narrative of my Career Up-to-Date (1950).
Matthew St Quintin
Matthew Chitty St Quintin  (c. 1701–1783), of Harpham, Yorkshire. was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from  1728 to 1734

St Quintin was the son of Hugh St Quintin, merchant of Amsterdam, and his wife Catherine Chitty, daughter of Matthew Chitty. He was educated at Greenwich and at Dr Newcome’s academy at  Hackney and was admitted at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge on 17 April 1718, aged 16. He was admitted at Middle Temple on 18 April 1718.

St  Quintin stood unsuccessfully for the former seat of his uncle Sir William St Quintin, 3rd Baronet  at Kingston upon Hull at the 1727 British general election. He was brought in as Member of Parliament for Old Sarum by Thomas Pitt at a by-election on 1 March 1728. In Parliament he voted for the Administration in all recorded divisions. He did not stand for Old Sarum again, and was defeated at St Mawes at the 1734 British general election.

St Quintin died unmarried on 8 May 1783.

St Mawes (UK Parliament constituency)
St Mawes was a rotten borough in Cornwall, England.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1562 to 1707, to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until it was abolished by the Great Reform Act in 1832.
Billabong Pipeline Masters 2015
The Billabong Pipeline Masters 2015 is an event of the Association of Surfing Professionals for 2015 ASP World Tour.

This event will be held from 8 to 20 May at Banzai Pipeline, (Hawaii, United States) and opposed by 36 surfers.

Billabong Pipeline Masters
The Pipe Pro is an event in surfing held annually at Banzai Pipeline in Oahu, Hawaii. It was established in 1971 and has been sponsored by Yeti Coolers, who have a three year partnership in place, which began in 2023.

The event attracts the top 34 surfers from The World Surf League (WSL) as well as 32 surfers who compete in walk-on trials. Until 2019, the event was the final leg of the Triple Crown of Surfing and the final event on the WSL Championship Tour.  Starting with the 2021 season (December 2020), the event is now the opening event of a 2020–21 competition season. In 2022, the event underwent major scheduling, naming, and invitation rules changes.
Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex
Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex (Arabic: مجمع الحمدانية للتنس) is a tennis complex in Aleppo, Syria, featuring an indoor tennis court with a seating capacity of 800 spectators and an outdoor tennis court with a seating capacity of 598 spectators along with 4 other outdoor training courts. The complex was opened in 2008, as part of the al-Hamadaniah Sports City.

The 1st major tournament in the complex took place in the outdoor courts between 15 and 19 April 2009, when Aleppo hosted the 2009 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group III matches, with the participation of the 8 following teams:

Iran

Lebanon

Pacific Oceania

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Syria

Tajikistan

Saudi Arabia Davis Cup team
The Saudi Arabia Davis Cup team represents Saudi Arabia in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Saudi Arabian Tennis Federation.

Saudi Arabia currently compete in the Asia/Oceania Zone of Group IV. They have reached Group II on four occasions, but have failed to win a tie at that level.
Ilmar Tamm
Ilmar Tamm (born 4 May 1972, Tartu) is an Estonian military officer (Major General) and has served as the commander of the Estonian Defence League since 2023.

In 1994, he graduated from the Finnish Military Academy.

From 2008–2012, he was the head of Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. From 2020–2023, he was the head of Baltic Defence College.

In 2004, he was awarded Order of the Cross of the Eagle, V Class.

Baltic Defence College
The Baltic Defence College (BALTDEFCOL) is a multinational military college that was established by the three Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) in 1999. It serves as a centre of strategic and operational research and provides professional military education to intermediate- and senior-level officers and government officials from the founding states, other member states of the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries, as well as other European countries including Armenia, Azerbaijan,  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine.
Nasinu (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji)
Nasinu Indian Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 19 communal constituencies reserved for Indo-Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 52 seats, 27 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered the Town of Nasinu, Fiji's second-largest urban centre, north of Suva.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

Nasinu
Nasinu (Fijian pronunciation: [nasinu]) is an urban area on the island Viti Levu in Fiji. It is officially designated a "Town" and was formally incorporated as such in 1999. The population of Nasinu was 92,043 at the 2017 Census. Its land area is the largest of any municipal area in Fiji, and more than twice that of the capital Suva. It is a major residential hub in Fiji, housing a large majority of the work force in Nasinu itself and in the Fijian capital, Suva. The Nasinu property market has experienced significant growth over the last several years, leading to substantial increases in property value.
Polish literature during World War II
The outbreak of World War II in Europe completely changed the situation of Polish cultural and literary life. All institutions were liquidated by the Nazi and Soviet occupiers. Artists were forced to create in secrecy or in exile. Polish Literature during World War II suffered tremendous losses under the occupation; however, writers did continue to produce works both underground (Polska podziemna) and abroad (Polska walcząca).

Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński
Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf ˈkamil baˈt͡ʂɨɲskʲi]; nom de guerre: Jan Bugaj; 22 January 1921 – 4 August 1944) was a Polish poet and Home Army soldier, one of the most well known of the Generation of Columbuses, the young generation of Polish poets, of whom several perished in the Warsaw Uprising and during the German occupation of Poland.
María Amelia López Soliño
María Amelia López Soliño (23 December 1911, Corcubión, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain – 20 May 2009, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain) was the oldest-known woman blogger at the time of her death on 20 May 2009 aged 97, with the blog attracting 1.7 million visiters.

She had been blogging for more than two years. The blog was set up for her as a gift from her grandson, Daniel, to mark  her 95th birthday. She received a visit from Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and won an award from German broadcaster Deutsche Welle for best Spanish language blog in 2008.

José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (Spanish: [xoseˈlwis roˈðɾiɣeθ θapaˈteɾo] ⓘ; born 4 August 1960) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was the Prime Minister of Spain being elected for two terms, in the 2004 and 2008 general elections. On 2 April 2011 he announced he would not stand for re-election in the 2011 general election and left office on 21 December 2011.

Among the main actions taken by the Zapatero administration were the withdrawal of Spanish troops from the Iraq war, the increase of Spanish troops in Afghanistan; the idea of an Alliance of Civilizations; the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Spain; reform of abortion law; a peace negotiation attempt with ETA; the end of ETA terrorism; increase of tobacco restrictions; and the reform of various autonomous statutes, particularly the Statute of Catalonia.
First Canadian Centre
First Canadian Centre is an office tower in Calgary, Alberta designed by Donald C. Smith (1929–2014) of the New York firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. It was the second SOM project in Calgary after Toronto-Dominion Square, which is on the neighbouring block to the south. The project was intended to include 41-storey and 64-storey towers connected by a banking hall. However, due to the early 1980s recession, the taller tower was never completed.

Located at 350 7 Avenue SW in the city's downtown core, it stands at 167 metres (548 ft) or 41 storeys tall. The skyscraper has a floor area of 48,275 m2 (519,630 sq ft) and was built in the international and late modernist architectural styles.

The Bank of Montreal occupies most of the ground floor with a large retail bank branch.

Early 1980s recession
The early 1980s recession was a severe economic recession that affected much of the world between approximately the start of 1980 and 1982. Long-term effects of the early 1980s recession contributed to the Latin American debt crisis, long-lasting slowdowns in the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan African countries, the US savings and loan crisis, and a general adoption of neoliberal economic policies throughout the 1990s. It is widely considered to have been the most severe recession since World War II until the 2008 financial crisis.