hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big Eau Pleine River
The Big Eau Pleine River is a river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is a tributary of the Wisconsin River as the Big Eau Pleine River originates in southern Taylor County near Stetsonville and flows into Marathon County. The Big Eau Pleine River flows by Stratford then to the large Big Eau Pleine Reservoir before it converges into the Wisconsin River at Lake DuBay. The Little Eau Pleine River, which flows from Clark County through Marathon County and into Portage County, is not a tributary of the Big Eau Pleine, although the Big and Little Eau Pleines are both tributaries of the Wisconsin River.

Marathon County, Wisconsin
Marathon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 138,013. Its county seat is Wausau. It was founded in 1850, created from a portion of Portage County. At that time the county stretched to the northern border with the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is named after the battlefield at Marathon, Greece.

Marathon County comprises the Wausau, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Francesco Boldizzoni
Francesco Boldizzoni (born 17 July 1979) is an Italian academic and historian. He is Professor of Economic History at the University of Palermo, having previously taught at the University of Turin, the University of Helsinki and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, where he held the Chair of Political Theory. He also held research positions at Clare Hall, Cambridge and the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies in Cologne.

Boldizzoni is one of the leading European figures in political economy. He has made influential contributions to the theory and history of capitalism and developed an intellectual framework that emphasizes the relevance of the history of ideas and concepts to the understanding of the modern economy. He has advocated an anti-positivist approach to the historical and social sciences, which draws on social constructionism, cultural interpretation, and critical theory.

University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.
Dražeta
Dražeta (Serbian Cyrillic: Дражета), in some English-language sources also rendered as Drazeta, is a relatively rare South Slavic surname and an archaic given name. It is historically attested in five locations within the territory of the former Yugoslavia: Mošorin (Serbia), Stari Banovci (Serbia), Ivoševci (Croatia), Hodilje (Croatia), and Jajce (Bosnia and Herzegovina).

Individuals bearing the surname in Mošorin, Stari Banovci, and Ivoševci are identified as Orthodox Serbs, while those in Hodilje and Jajce are identified as Catholic Croats. The family slava (patron saint) traditionally associated with Orthodox families bearing the surname Dražeta is Saint Stephen.

There are unconfirmed claims that individuals with the surname Dražeta who identify as Muslim Bosniaks reside in western Bosnia, near Prijedor; however, these claims lack reliable verification.

Bosnia (region)
Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna / Босна, pronounced [bɔ̂sna]) is the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, encompassing roughly 81% of the country; the other region, the southern part, is Herzegovina.

The two regions have formed a geopolitical entity since medieval times, and the name "Bosnia" commonly occurs in historical and geopolitical senses as generally referring to both regions (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The official use of the combined name started only in the late period of Ottoman rule.
San José de Metán
San José de Metán (usually shortened to Metán) is a city in the south of the province of Salta, Argentina, 160 km from the provincial capital Salta, on National Routes 9 and 34. It has about 28,000 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC]. It is the head town of the Metán Department.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Platypezinae
Platypezinae is a subfamily of small, fungus-associated flies in the family Platypezidae. Members of this subfamily are characterized by their flattened bodies and distinctive wing venation, typical of the flat-footed flies.

Approximately 250 species of Platypezinae have been described worldwide. The family Platypezidae is divided into four recognized subfamilies, of which Platypezinae includes at least 14 valid genera. Among these genera, Microsania is cosmopolitan and represents the most widely distributed genus within documented regions, while Agathomyia is primarily Holarctic, with a few species occurring in the Oriental region.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
Robertsham
Robertsham is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is situated in the city's southern suburbs just south of the CBD. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Gioseffo Maria Bartolini
Bartolini, Gioseffo Maria (1657–1725) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period.

He was born at Imola. He painted a Miracle of St. Biagio and other works for the church of San Domenico and in other churches. He opened a school at Imola, and painted throughout Emilia-Romagna. He painted in the style of his first teacher, Lorenzo Pasinelli.

Imola
Imola (Italian: [ˈiːmola]; Romagnol: Jômla or Jemula) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, located on the river Santerno, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. The city is traditionally considered the western entrance to the historical region Romagna.

The city is best-known as the home of the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari which hosts the Formula One Emilia Romagna Grand Prix and formerly hosted the San Marino Grand Prix, named after the independent nation of San Marino around 100 km to the south.
Renato Mocellini
Renato Mocellini (2 April 1929 – 8 November 1985) was an Italian bobsledder who competed from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. He won a silver medal in the four-man event at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

Mocellini also won two medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with a gold in 1963 and a bronze in 1958.

FIBT World Championships 1958
The FIBT World Championships 1958 took place in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany for the fourth time. The West German city had hosted the event previously in 1934 (Four-man), 1938 (Four-man), and in 1953.
Fulton, Minneapolis
Fulton is a neighborhood in the Southwest community in Minneapolis. Its boundaries are West 47th Street to the north, Penn Avenue South to the east, West 54th Street to the south, and France Avenue South to the west. Fulton is a part of Ward 13 of the Minneapolis City Council and state legislative district 61B.

Nearby neighborhoods include Linden Hills to the north, Lynnhurst to the east, and Armatage to the south. The suburb of Edina lies to the south and west. West 50th Street is a major east–west thoroughfare bisecting the neighborhood. At its intersection with France Avenue is the upscale 50th & France commercial district, which lies along the border between Minneapolis and Edina.

In 2017 Fulton saw the killing of Justine Damond, in which a 40 year old Australian woman was shot and killed by police officer Mohamed Noor after calling 9-1-1 to report a possible assault behind her home.

Edina, Minnesota
Edina (locally /iːˈdaɪnə/ ⓘ ee-DY-nə, /ɪˈdaɪnə/ ih-DY-nə) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States and a first-ring suburb of Minneapolis. The population was 53,494 at the 2020 census, making it the 18th most populous city in Minnesota.

Edina began as a small farming and milling community along Minnehaha Creek in the 1860s and became one of Minneapolis's first incorporated suburbs in 1888. After years of being a streetcar suburb, Edina saw expanded development as a car-centric suburb in the 1950s and 1960s.

The city is known for its shopping, parks, and high quality of life and also has the nation's oldest indoor mall, the Southdale Center.
Tsuyoshi Kawagishi
Tsuyoshi Kawagishi (川岸 強, Kawagishi Tsuyoshi; born September 12, 1979) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher who currently serves as the pitching coach for the Rakuten Monkeys of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). He played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Chunichi Dragons and Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles.

Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles
The Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles (東北楽天ゴールデンイーグルス, Tōhoku Rakuten Gōruden Īgurusu), often shortened as the Rakuten Eagles (楽天イーグルス, Rakuten Īgurusu), are a baseball team based in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It has played in Nippon Professional Baseball's Pacific League since the team's formation in November 2004. The team is owned by the Internet shopping company Rakuten.
Pierre Wiltzius
Pierre Wiltzius ((1952-05-13)May 13, 1952 Luxembourg - ) is a physicist, the Executive Dean of the College of Letters and Science and Susan & Bruce Worster Dean of Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara and an Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (Engineering, 1999).

His research has varied from photonic crystals and new fabrication techniques such as multi-beam interference lithography and colloidal self-assembly, complex fluids and soft condensed matter, resulting in high citations of 1310, 771 and 537, two of them consistently published by Nature.

Interference lithography
Interference lithography (or holographic lithography) is a technique that uses coherent light (such as light from a laser) for patterning regular arrays of fine features without the use of complex optical systems or photomasks.
Ralfi Pagan
Ralfi Pagán (born Rafael Pagán; 1946–1978) was an American singer-songwriter of Puerto Rican descent. Born and raised in the New York City section of The Bronx, he was an early pioneer of the Latin soul and salsa music genres, Pagán sung both in Spanish and English and released five albums during the 1970s. He is well-known for the duet with Sylvia Robinson entitled "Soul Je T'aime" and for his solo version of "Make It with You" previously recorded by David Gates and Bread. Ralfi toured with music producer and promoter Eddie Torres for several years throughout Southwest United States. Prior to leaving on tour, Pagan visited Torres' home to share he was leaving for Colombia. Torres told Pagan he had a bad feeling about the trip and advised Pagan not to go, but the singer went to Colombia against Torres' advice. In 1978, Pagan was murdered while on a promotional tour in Colombia. His murder remains unsolved.

David Gates
David Ashworth Gates (born December 11, 1940) is a retired American singer-songwriter, musician and producer, who is best known for being the frontman and co-lead singer (with Jimmy Griffin) of the group Bread, which reached the top of the musical charts in Europe and North America on several occasions in the 1970s. The band was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.
Karmitoxin
Karmitoxin is an amine-containing polyhydroxy-polyene toxin isolated from Karlodinium armiger strain K-0668. It is structurally related to amphidinols, luteophanols, lingshuiols, carteraols, and karlotoxins.

Luteophanol
Luteophanol is a type of organic compound.  There are variants labeled luteophanol A through luteophanol D.  They contain the following common fragments with amphidinols:

Polyhydroxyl groups.

Two tetrahydropyran rings.

Luteophanols have demonstrated antibacterial properties, but unlike amphidinols, they do not show antifungal activity.

Chemical structure of luteophanol A
Harish Raghavan
Harish Raghavan (born May 19, 1982) is an Indian American jazz bassist. His music combines aspects of Indian classical music and jazz.

The first instrument he picked up was the mridangam, but he switched to the upright bass at the age of 16. He received a Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Southern California, under the tutelage of John Clayton, Dave Carpenter and Robert Hurst. He finished as a semi-finalist in the Thelonious Monk Institute's International Jazz Bass Competition in 2009. After 12 years playing professionally, Raghavan released his debut album as a leader Calls for Action in 2019, teaming up with the group on Joel Ross's KingMaker album.

Mridangam
The mridangam is an ancient percussion instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is a traditional royal instrument originating in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu and is widely used in south Indian classical music, called Carnatic music, especially in its sangeetha kacherees. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble. In dhrupad, a modified version, the pakhawaj, is the primary percussion instrument. A related instrument is the kendang, played in the Maritime Southeast Asia. It is a complex instrument to tune and involves a lot of mathematics to construct korvais.

During a percussion ensemble, the mridangam is often accompanied by the ghatam, the kanjira, and the morsing.
Baykit
Baykit (Russian: Байки́т) is a rural locality in Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. Population:  3,513 (2010 Census); 4,018 (2002 Census); 4,988 (1989 Soviet census).

Podkamennaya Tunguska
The Podkamennaya Tunguska (Russian: Подкаменная Тунгуска, literally Tunguska under the stones; Evenki: Дулгу Катэнӈа, Ket: Ӄо’ль) also known as Middle Tunguska or Stony Tunguska, is a river in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.
Rice Lake (ghost town), Minnesota
Rice Lake is a ghost town in Dodge and Steele counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is located east of Owatonna, and just north of Rice Lake State Park. The nearest community is the city of Claremont, to the southeast. The Dodge County portion lies in the southwest corner of Ellington Township, while the Steele County portion lies in the southeast corner of Merton Township.

Havana Township and Claremont Township are also in the immediate area.

Claremont, Minnesota
Claremont is a city in Dodge County, Minnesota, United States. Located along U.S. Highway 14, Claremont lies in southeastern Minnesota and is part of the Rochester metropolitan area. The city had a population of 513 according to the 2020 census.

Founded in the mid-19th century, Claremont developed as a small agricultural hub, with its growth spurred by the arrival of the Chicago & North Western Railway. The city was incorporated in 1878 and has historically served the surrounding farming community, maintaining a modest population throughout its history. In 1990, Claremont’s school district merged with neighboring districts in Dodge Center and West Concord, forming the Triton Public Schools district. Today, Claremont retains its small-town character while offering essential services to residents and the surrounding rural area.
William Carter (St Pancras South West MP)
William Carter (12 August 1867 – 18 August 1940) was a British Labour Party politician.

Having started work as a boy in a coal mine, Carter later worked on the railways, becoming an official in the National Union of Railwaymen.

Carter was a justice of the peace for the County of London, and a member of St Pancras Borough Council, serving as Mayor of St Pancras in 1919–20. He also sat as a member of the Metropolitan Water Board.

He unsuccessfully contested the Leyton East constituency at the 1918 general election, and next stood for Parliament at the 1929 general election, when he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for St Pancras South West. He was defeated at the 1931 general election and did not stand again.

St Pancras South West
St Pancras South West was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was created in 1918 by the division of St Pancras South into South East and South West divisions, and abolished in 1950.
D. Amaramoorthy
D. Amaramoorthy is an Indian politician and incumbent Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Ariyalur constituency as a Tamil Maanila Congress candidate in 1996 election, and as an Indian National Congress candidate in 2006 election.

Ariyalur Assembly constituency
11°8′14″N 79°4′40″E﻿ / ﻿11.13722°N 79.07778°E﻿ / 11.13722; 79.07778

Ariyalur is a legislative assembly, that includes the city of Ariyalur. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 149. Until 2006, Ariyalur Assembly constituency was part of Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2006, it has been a part of Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Eva Griffith Thompson
Eva Griffith Thompson (née, Griffith; pen name, Eva G.; June 30, 1842 – February 6, 1925) was an American newspaper editor who conducted the Indiana Times, the Indiana Messenger, and the News, of Indiana, Pennsylvania. First married and widowed while quite young during the American Civil War, she finished her education at the Steubenville Female Seminary before teaching for many years in Indiana County schools, and serving as the county's deputy superintendent of schools. She was affiliated with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) movement and was embraced by the Grand Army of the Republic, her second husband having been a member of the organization. Thompson served as president of the Presbyterian Home Missionary Society.

Indiana, Pennsylvania
Indiana is a borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,044 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Indiana, Pennsylvania micropolitan area, about 46 miles (74 km) northeast of Pittsburgh. It is a part of the greater Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area, as well as the Johnstown and Pittsburgh media markets.

The borough and the region as a whole promote itself as the "Christmas Tree Capital of the World" because the national Christmas Tree Growers Association was founded there. There are still many Christmas tree farms in the area. The largest employer in the borough today is Indiana University of Pennsylvania, the second-largest of 14 PASSHE schools in the state.
Lusanga Airport
Lusanga Airport (IATA: LUS, ICAO: FZCE) is a former airstrip that served the town of Lusanga in Kwilu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The grass runway has trees growing midfield and is unusable.

Lusanga, Kwilu
Lusanga (formerly Leverville) is a town in Kwilu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is at the confluence of the Kwenge and Kwilu rivers.
The town is served by a small airport (IATA Code: LUS).

In the colonial era the town was called Leverville.
It was named after William Lever of the Lever Brothers, which started as a soap-making business and grew into the Unilever consumer goods giant. In 1911 Lever signed a treaty with the Belgian government to gain access to the palm oil of the colony, and established the main coordinating base at Leverville.
The Huileries du Congo Belge (HCB), a subsidiary of Lever Brothers, established a large palm oil factory at Leverville, one of three in Kwilu.
The Rowland Institute at Harvard
The Rowland Institute at Harvard, formerly the Rowland Institute for Science, was founded by Edwin H. Land, the founder of Polaroid Corporation, as a nonprofit, privately endowed basic research organization in 1980. The institute merged with Harvard University on July 1, 2002. The Rowland Institute is dedicated to experimental science across a wide range of disciplines. Research subjects at the institute includes chemistry, physics and biology, and focus on interdisciplinary work and the development of new experimental tools. It was originally located on the Charles River near Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a few miles away from the main campus of Harvard. In 2024, the institute moved to Harvard's main campus, to a newly renovated building at 60 Oxford Street, in shared space with the Harvard Quantum Initiative.

Kendall Square
42°21′44″N 71°5′3″W﻿ / ﻿42.36222°N 71.08417°W﻿ / 42.36222; -71.08417
Kendall Square is a neighborhood in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The square itself is located at the intersection of Main Street and Broadway. It also refers to the broad business district east of Portland Street, northwest of the Charles River, north of MIT and south of Binney Street.

Kendall Square has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet", in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010.

The neighborhood has approximately 50,000 people who work in the area on a daily basis and a growing residential population.