hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chung Ching Yee
The Joe Boys, or JBS (also known as Chung Ching Yee, Chinese: 忠精義), was a Chinese American youth gang founded in the 1960s in San Francisco's Chinatown. The Joe Boys were originally known as Joe Fong Boys, after its founder Joe Fong, a former member of the Wah Ching. Most of their members were born in Hong Kong or were of Hong Kongese descent.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Berkholz-Meyenburg
Berkholz-Meyenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁkhɔlts ˈmaɪənbʊʁk]) is a former municipality in the Uckermark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. Since 19 April 2022, it is an Ortsteil of the town Schwedt.

Uckermark
The Uckermark (German pronunciation: [ˈʊkɐˌmaʁk] ⓘ) is a historical region in northeastern Germany, which currently straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Its traditional capital is Prenzlau.
Lentos Art Museum
The Lentos Art Museum (German: Kunstmuseum Lentos) is a museum of modern art in Linz, Austria, which opened in May 2003 as the successor to the Neue Galerie der Stadt Linz (New Gallery of the City of Linz).

The museum was designed by Zurich-based architectural firm Weber & Hofer. It is 130 m (430 ft) long and has approximately 8,000 m2 (86,000 sq ft) of floor space. The building's transparent glass façade is illuminated at night. It is located directly on the Danube between the Nibelungen Bridge and Brucknerhaus.

Egon Schiele
Egon Leo Adolf Ludwig Schiele (German: [ˈeːɡɔn ˈʃiːlə] ⓘ; 12 June 1890 – 31 October 1918) was an Austrian Expressionist painter. His work is noted for its intensity and its raw sexuality, and for the many self-portraits the artist produced, including nude self-portraits. The twisted body shapes and the expressive line that characterise Schiele's paintings and drawings mark the artist as an early exponent of Expressionism. Gustav Klimt, a figurative painter of the early 20th century, was a mentor to Schiele.
Ken Sanders (American football)
Kenneth Sanders  (born August 22, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Howard Payne Yellow Jackets and was selected by the Detroit Lions in the third round of the 1972 NFL draft. He played in the NFL with the Lions from 1972 to 1979, and he played with the Minnesota Vikings from 1980 to 1981.

Howard Payne Yellow Jackets football
The Howard Payne Yellow Jackets football team represents Howard Payne University in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The Yellow Jackets are members of the American Southwest Conference (ASC), fielding its team in the conference since 1996. The Yellow Jackets play their home games at Gordon Wood Stadium in Brownwood, Texas.

Their head coach is Coby Gipson, who took over the position for the 2025 season.
Ending Aging
Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime is a 2007 book written by biogerontologist Aubrey de Grey, with his research assistant Michael Rae. Ending Aging describes de Grey's proposal for eliminating aging as a cause of debilitation and death in humans, and restoring the body to an indefinitely youthful state, a project that he calls the "strategies for engineered negligible senescence" ("SENS"). De Grey argues that defeating aging is feasible, possibly within a few decades, and he outlines steps that can be taken to hasten the development of regenerative medicine treatments for each side of aging.

Research assistant
A research assistant (RA)  is a researcher employed, often on a temporary contract, by a university, research institute, or privately held organization to provide assistance in academic or private research endeavors. Research assistants work under the supervision of a principal investigator or supervisor and typically do not bear direct responsibility for the final outcomes of the research. However, in certain countries, research assistants can be the primary contributors to the research outcomes. Research assistants are commonly educated to at least degree level, and they may also be enrolled in postgraduate degree programs. In some cases, such as when pursuing a PhD, they are referred to as Doctoral Research Assistants and may also have teaching responsibilities alongside their research commitments.
Nisith Kumar Malik
Nisith Kumar Malik, is an Indian politician member of All India Trinamool Congress. He is an MLA, elected from the Bardhaman Uttar constituency in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. In 2021 assembly election he was re-elected from the same constituency.

2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in 2016 for all 294 seats of the Vidhan Sabha in the Indian state of West Bengal. The All India Trinamool Congress under Mamata Banerjee won 211 seats, and thus returned to power with an enhanced majority. As in the 2011 election, the election was held in six phases, with the first phase divided into two days. The first phase was held in Naxalite-Maoist affected red corridor areas with two polling dates: 4 April and 11 April. The other phases were held on 17, 21, 25, 30 April and 5 May. The result of the election was declared on 19 May.

In the previous election in 2011, the All India Trinamool Congress in a coalition with INC won a majority and ended the 34-year rule of the Left Front government in the state.
SS Antilles (1906)
SS Antilles was a US passenger-cargo ship launched in 1906. Chartered by the United States Army in 1917 for use as a troop transport, Antilles was sunk by a German U-boat on October 17, 1917, resulting in the loss of 67 lives. At the time of its sinking Antilles was the largest single largest loss of US lives to that point in World War I.

Chartering (shipping)
Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their vessel to a charterer.  The contract between the parties is called a charterparty (from French charte partie 'parted document'). The three main types of charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter.
Plattsville, Connecticut
Plattsville is a census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Easton and Fairfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is primarily in the town of Easton, with a portion extending south across the Mill River into Fairfield. The Merritt Parkway forms the southeast border of the CDP, and Connecticut Route 59 (Sport Hill Road in Easton and Easton Turnpike in Fairfield) runs north–south through it.

Plattsville was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Mill River (Fairfield, Connecticut)
The Mill River is a 16.3-mile (26.2 km) river in the town of Fairfield, Connecticut. It flows into Long Island Sound at Southport harbor.

Dams on the Mill River form the Easton Reservoir, Hemlock, and Samp Mortar Lake Reservoirs and control downstream flow.
Bert Jones (rugby union, born 1918)
Herbert Arthur Jones (22 August 1918 - 5 December 1998) was an English international rugby union player.

A farmer from Landkey, Devon, Jones made three appearances for England as a lock in the 1950 Five Nations Championship, debuting against Wales at Twickenham. He purportedly lost his place in the side for the final fixture against Scotland due to a fight he had with the French forwards in the match at Colombes.

Jones captained the combined Devon and Cornwall team against the touring 1951–52 Springboks.

1951–52 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe
In 1951–52 the South Africa national rugby union team toured England, France, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, playing a series of test matches, as well as games against club, regional, and representative teams. South Africa accomplished their third Grand Slam by winning all four tests against the Home Nations sides, and also won the test match against France. This was the sixth South Africa tour and the fourth tour of the Northern Hemisphere. It was also the first time the South Africans played the invitational British Barbarian team.

The tour was the most successful the South African team had undertaken; the team only lost a single match. In the tests played the team beat all four Home Nations, France and the Barbarians. The only team to beat the Springboks was the invitational London Counties team. The final tour record saw 31 matches played, with South Africa winning 30 and losing just the one game.
Mesa Range
The Mesa Range (73°11′S 162°55′E﻿ / ﻿73.183°S 162.917°E﻿ / -73.183; 162.917﻿ (Mesa Range)) is a range of flat-topped mesas comprising the Sheehan, Pain, Tobin and Gair Mesas, situated at the head of the Rennick Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica. 
It was given this descriptive name by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) of 1962–63.

Mesa
A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge, or hill, bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a resistant layer of harder rock, like sandstone or limestone, forming a caprock that protects the flat summit. The caprock may also include dissected lava flows or eroded duricrust.

Unlike a plateau, which is a broader, elevated region that may not have horizontal bedrock (e.g., Tibetan Plateau), a mesa is defined by flat-lying strata and steep-sided isolation. Large, flat-topped plateaus with horizontal strata, less isolated and often part of extensive plateau systems, are called tablelands. A butte is a smaller, eroded mesa with a limited summit, while a cuesta has a gentle dip slope and one steep escarpment due to tilted strata.
Litang–Zhanjiang railway
The Litang–Zhanjiang railway or Lizhan railway (simplified Chinese: 黎湛铁路; traditional Chinese: 黎湛鐵路; pinyin: lízhàn tiělù), is a railroad in southern China from Litang Township in the Guangxi Autonomous Region on the Hunan–Guangxi railway, to the port city of Zhanjiang, in Guangdong Province, on the South China Sea.  The line has a total length of 318.2 km (198 mi) and was built from 1954 to 1955. Major cities and towns along the route include Guigang, Xingye County, Yulin (Guangxi), Luchuan, Lianjiang (Guangdong), Suixi (Guangdong) and Zhanjiang.

Suixi County, Guangdong
Suixi County (postal: Suikai; Chinese: 遂溪; pinyin: Suìxī; Jyutping: seoi6kai1; Suixi Yue: [ɬui22 kʰɐi55]) is a county in the southwest of Guangdong province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhanjiang and is located at the northern end of the Leizhou Peninsula, bordering the Gulf of Tonkin to the west.
Kharbatha Bani Harith
Kharbatha Bani Harith (Arabic: خربثا بني حارث) is a Palestinian village in the central West Bank, located 15 kilometers west of Ramallah in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 3,471 in 2017. It has a total land area of 7,120 dunams.

Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
31°55′59″N 35°12′18″E﻿ / ﻿31.933°N 35.205°E﻿ / 31.933; 35.205

The Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate (Arabic: محافظة رام الله والبيرة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Rām Allāh wa l Bīra) is one of 16  governorates of Palestine. It covers a large part of the central West Bank, on the northern border of the Jerusalem Governorate. Its district capital or muhfaza (seat) is the city of al-Bireh.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the district had a population of 279,730 in 2007. Laila Ghannam serves as governor, the first woman in this role.
George Cross (actor)
George W. Cross (c. 1873 - 12 August 1949) was an Australian actor and casting director. For many years he was a leading actor, producer and director on stage, including a stint in San Francisco.

He first came to Australia around the turn of the 20th century and at one time managed stage actress Nellie Bramley. In 1910 he played Prince Olaf in The Prince and the Beggar Maid in a tour of Australia. In the 1930s, he was in charge of casting at Cinesound Productions where his discoveries included Jocelyn Howarth and Shirley Ann Richards.

In 1943 he was theatre manager at the Strand in Hobart.

The Prince and the Beggar Maid (play)
The Prince and the Beggar Maid is a romantic drama in four Acts and ten scenes by Walter Howard.

The production opened at the Lyceum Theatre in London on 6 June 1908 and ran for 82 performances. It had another short run of 19 performances in a revival at the Lyceum in April and May 1910. The drama was equally successful in Australia and New Zealand, playing, among other venues, at the Criterion Theatre in Sydney, Australia in December 1910 where it was produced by William Anderson.
Thomas Burrowes (artist)
Thomas Burrowes (1796–1866) was a Captain with the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners who served as both a surveyor and overseer during the construction of the Rideau Canal in Ontario, Canada.  Burrowes is known, however, for having documented the construction of the canal and the landscape of the surrounding area in a series of watercolour paintings, thus creating an important eyewitness record of one of the most important engineering projects of 19th century Canada.

Archives of Ontario
The Archives of Ontario are the archives for the province of Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1903 as the Bureau of Archives, the archives are now under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery and Procurement. The main offices of the archive are located at York University in Toronto.
Mount Davraz
Mount Davraz (Turkish: Davraz Dağı), also sometimes cited as Mount Davras, is a mountain and a winter sports and ski resort in the Taurus Mountains in Isparta Province in southern Turkey. The nearest cities are the province seat of Isparta and its depending district of Eğirdir, both of which are at a roughly equal distance of 25 km (16 mi) from the Davraz Ski Resort (Turkish: Isparta Davraz Kayak Merkezi). Antalya is 140 km (87 mi) away and, served by road connections.

The tallest peak (Büyük Davraz) at the resort is 2,637 m (8,652 ft) with the highest skiing height being at 2,250 m (7,380 ft). There are black, red, blue and yellow runs. Access to the slopes is via drag and chair lifts - depending on the particular run. The resort is open from December 1 each year, although the main period of winter sports varies with the snow conditions.

Davraz is served by one main hotel, Sirene Davras Ski and Wellness Hotel. The hotel is located at 1,650 m (5,410 ft).

Isparta Province
Isparta Province (Turkish: Isparta ili) is a province in southwestern Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Afyon to the northwest, Burdur to the southwest, Antalya to the south, and Konya to the east. Its area is 8,946 km2, and its population is 445,325 (2022). The provincial capital is Isparta.

The province is well known for producing apples, sour cherries, grapes, roses and rose products, and carpets. The best fertile lands are in Uluborlu. The province is situated in the Göller Bölgesi (Lakes Area) of Turkey's Mediterranean Region and has many freshwater lakes.
H. Vogemann
The H. Vogemann Group is a German shipping company. Founded in 1886, the company is privately owned by its managing partners and its fleet of bulk carriers has a capacity of more than 1.5 million tonnes deadweight (DWT).

Capesize
Capesize ships are the largest dry cargo ships with ball mark dimension: about 170,000 DWT (deadweight tonnage) capacity, 290 m (950 ft) long, 45 m (148 ft) beam (wide), 18 m (59 ft) draught (under water depth).  They are too large to transit the Suez Canal (Suezmax limits) or Panama Canal (Neopanamax limits), and so have to pass either Cape Agulhas or Cape Horn to traverse between oceans.

When the Suez Canal was deepened in 2009, it became possible for some capesize ships to transit the canal and so change categories.
John Mullarkey
John Mullarkey is the Professor in Film and Television at Kingston University, London, and a member of The London Graduate School.

Mullarkey's work explores variations of "non-standard-philosophy", arguing that philosophy is a subject that continually shifts its identity through engaging with (supposedly) "non-philosophical" fields such as film. Mullarkey's work notably engages with that of François Laruelle and Henri Bergson.

He is an editor of the journal Film-Philosophy, and chair of the Society for European Philosophy.

François Laruelle
François Laruelle (/lɑːrˈwɛl/; French: [fʁɑ̃swa laʁɥɛl] ⓘ; 22 August 1937 – 28 October 2024) was a French philosopher, of the Collège international de philosophie and the University of Paris X: Nanterre. Laruelle began publishing in the early 1970s and had around twenty book-length titles to his name. Alumnus of the École normale supérieure, Laruelle was notable for developing a science of philosophy that he calls non-philosophy. Until his death, he directed an international organisation dedicated to furthering the cause of non-philosophy, the Organisation Non-Philosophique Internationale.
2013 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2013 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship (also known as the Electric Ireland GAA Hurling All-Ireland Minor Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 83rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 11 April 2013 and ended on 8 September 2013.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions; however, they were beaten by Limerick in the Munster semi-final.

On 8 September 2013 Waterford won the championship following a 1–21 to 0–16 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their 3rd All-Ireland title overall and their first since 1948.

Waterford's Patrick Curran was the championship's top scorer with 3-56.

2012 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2012 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 125th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The draw for the 2012 fixtures took place on 6 October 2011. The championship began on 19 May 2012 and ended on 30 September 2012.

Kilkenny were the defending champions and successfully retained their title following a 3–22 to 3–11 victory over Galway in a replay of the final.
Zulu music
The Zulu people are a South African ethnic group. Many Zulu musicians have become a major part of South African music, creating a huge influence in the music industry. A number of Zulu-folk derived styles have become well known across South Africa and abroad. Zulu music has dominated many genres in South Africa, especially house music, folk music, acapella, choral music and gospel. In fact, some of the most popular songs from South Africa are in isiZulu.

Zulu people
Zulu people (/ˈzuːluː/; Zulu: amaZulu) are a native people of Southern Africa of the Nguni. The Zulu people are the largest ethnic group and nation in South Africa, living mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

They originated from Nguni communities who took part in the Bantu migrations over millennia. As the clans integrated, the rulership of Shaka brought success to the Zulu nation due to his improved military tactics and organization.

Zulus take pride in their ceremonies such as the Umhlanga, or Reed Dance, and their various forms of beadwork.

The art and skill of beadwork take part in the identification of Zulu people and act as a form of communication and dedication to the nation and specific traditions. Today, the Zulu people are predominantly Christian, but have created a syncretic religion that is combined with the Zulu's prior belief systems.
Monkey Drug Trials
The Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 were a series of controversial animal testing experiments that were conducted on primates to study the effects of various psychoactive substances. The trials shed light on the profound effects of drug addiction and withdrawal in primates, pioneering critical insights into human substance abuse.

Convulsion
A convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking. Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. Non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures.

Convulsions can be caused by epilepsy, infections (including a severe form of listeriosis which is caused by eating food contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes), brain trauma, or other medical conditions. They can also occur from an electric shock or improperly enriched air for scuba diving.

The word fit is sometimes used to mean a convulsion or epileptic seizure.
1st AARP Movies for Grownups Awards
The 1st AARP Movies for Grownups Awards, presented by AARP the Magazine, honored films released in 2001 made by and for people over the age of 50. The awards were announced in the May/June issue of AARP the Magazine, which had recently been created by merging AARP's previous magazines, Modern Maturity and My Generation into one publication.

The awards were created by editor Bill Newcott after My Generation discontinued its movie review column due to a lack of films targeted to a 50-plus audience. The goal, according to AARP, was to encourage Hollywood to make films for older adults by rewarding the best examples of the genre. Winners and nominees in seven categories were announced simultaneously in the magazine, and were selected by an advisory board including Newcott and critics from Time, ABC, TV Guide Online, and USA Today. As in other years before the establishment of an in-person ceremony, winners were mailed trophies of a gold theater seat called La Chaise d'Or.

AARP
AARP, formerly the American Association of Retired Persons, is an interest group in the United States focusing on issues affecting those 50 and older. The organization, which is headquartered in Washington, D.C., said it had more than 38 million members as of 2018. The magazine and bulletin it sends to its members are the two largest-circulation publications in the United States.

AARP was formed in 1958 by Ethel Percy Andrus, a retired educator from California, and Leonard Davis, who later founded Colonial Penn's insurance companies. It is an influential lobbying group in the United States. AARP sells paid memberships, and markets insurance and other services to its members.
Marisa Brunner
Marisa Brunner is a retired Swiss football goalkeeper, who spent six years of her career playing for SC Freiburg in Germany's Bundesliga before moving to SC Sand where she in 2013 ended her playing career. Previous to her time in Germany she played for Swiss sides FC Aarau and SC LUwin.ch and was named the best Swiss player in 2007 and 2009.

She was the first-choice goalkeeper of the Swiss national team, for which she started to play in 2003.

SC Sand
SC Sand is a German sport club from Willstätt, Baden-Württemberg. The club was founded on 11 August 1946 and competes in football, aerobics, judo, and qigong. The club is most known for its women's football section which plays in the 2. Bundesliga.