hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toad River
The Toad River is a river in the Canadian boreal forest, within the borders of the province of British Columbia.

The Toad River was named for the numerous large toads seen along its banks by fur traders of the early 19th century. John McLeod of the Hudson's Bay Company, who traveled up the river in 1831, wrote: "it derives its appellation from the number of Toads seen along its banks and some are of immense size; I have seen some which weighed upwards of a pound, and the Indians inform me there are some to be seen of a much larger size."

The traditional indigenous name for the river is Tsal-eh-chesi.

John McLeod (explorer)
John McLeod (1795 – after 1842) was a Scottish-born explorer of Canada, in his capacity as a fur trader with the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company. He was born at Valtos, Lochs in the Isle of Lewis.  He is remembered primarily for his explorations of several major rivers of the southwestern Northwest Territories, southern Yukon Territory, and northern British Columbia.
Land grant
A land grant is a gift of real estate—land or its use privileges—made by a government or other authority as an incentive, means of enabling works, or as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service. Grants of land are also awarded to individuals and companies as incentives to develop unused land in relatively unpopulated countries; the process of awarding land grants are not limited to the countries named below. The United States historically gave out numerous land grants as homesteads to individuals desiring to make a farm. The American Industrial Revolution was guided by many supportive acts of legislatures (for example, the Main Line of Public Works legislation of 1863) promoting commerce or transportation infrastructure development by private companies, such as the Cumberland Road turnpike, the Lehigh Canal, the Schuylkill Canal and the many railroads that tied the young United States together.

Main Line of Public Works
The Main Line of Public Works was a package of legislation passed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1826 to establish a means of transporting freight between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. It funded the construction of various long-proposed canal and road projects, mostly in southern Pennsylvania, that became a canal system and later added railroads. Built between 1826 and 1834, it established the Pennsylvania Canal System and the Allegheny Portage Railroad.

Later amendments substituted a new technology, railroads, in place of the planned but costly 82-mile (132 km) canal connecting the Delaware River in Philadelphia to the Susquehanna River.  The route from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh remained a patchwork of canals and railroads until the Pennsylvania Railroad was built in the 1850s.
Removal of Sunset Provision for vessel restrictions
As of December 6, 2013, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have established a final rule in which eliminates sunset provision or the expiration date for regulations regarding vessels traveling in the Atlantic. To reduce fatal ship collisions, these required restrictions include speed limits of no more than 10-knots for vessels of 65 feet or greater in certain locations and at certain times of the year along the east coast of the U.S. Atlantic seaboard.

National Marine Fisheries Service
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), informally known as NOAA Fisheries, is a United States federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that is responsible for the stewardship of U.S. national marine resources. It conserves and manages fisheries to promote sustainability and prevent lost economic potential associated with overfishing, declining species, and degraded habitats.
Jamón jamón
Jamón jamón (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈmoŋ xaˈmon]; English: Ham, Ham) is a 1992 Spanish romantic tragicomedy film directed by Bigas Luna and starring Javier Bardem, Jordi Mollà, and Penélope Cruz in her debut film. It centers on a young woman named Silvia who becomes pregnant by Jose Luis, the scion of a small but powerful underwear manufacturing empire, and the disastrous fallout of their relationship. The movie engages in word play and puns, and rhapsodises on the juxtaposition of old and new in Spain, as well as many other emotional contrasts such as erotic desire and food.

It is the first film of the so-called Trilogía ibérica by Bigas Luna, followed by Golden Balls (1992) and The Tit and the Moon (1994).

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
HMS Myrmidon
Seven ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Myrmidon after the Myrmidons of Greek mythology.

The first HMS Myrmidon (1781) was a 22-gun sixth rate in use from 1781 to 1811.

The second HMS Myrmidon (1813) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched 1813 and broken up 1823.

The third HMS Myrmidon (1845) was an iron-hulled paddle gun vessel in service from 1845 to 1858.

The fourth HMS Myrmidon (1867) was a wooden-hulled screw gun vessel,  launched in June 1867 but completed in October as a survey vessel, and sold in 1889.

The fifth HMS Myrmidon (1900) was a destroyer launched in 1900 and lost in a collision with a passenger ship in 1917.

The sixth HMS Myrmidon (G90) was a destroyer launched in 1942 and loaned to the Polish Navy in that year, and as ORP Orkan (G90) sunk in 1943 by U-378.

The seventh HMS Myrmidon (1944) was a minesweeper launched in 1944 and broken up 1958.

HMS Myrmidon (1813)
HMS Myrmidon was a 20-gun Hermes-class sixth-rate post ship built for the Royal Navy during the 1810s. She was commissioned in 1813 and was in the Mediterranean four years later. The ship was on the Africa Station in 1819 and was paid off three years later. Myrmidon was broken up in 1823.
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (Russian: Теоретическая и Математическая Физика) is a Russian scientific journal. It was founded in 1969 by Nikolai Bogolubov. Currently handled by the Russian Academy of Sciences, it appears in 12 issues per year. The journal publishes papers on
mathematical aspects of quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, statistical physics, supersymmetry, and integrable models  (in any areas of physics).

The editor-in-chief is Dmitri I. Kazakov (Institute for Nuclear Research). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 1.0.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Donaghy
Donaghy is an Irish surname. Notable people and characters with the name include:

Kieran Donaghy, Gaelic footballer for Austin Stacks and Kerry, and basketball player

Bernard Donaghy (died 1953), Northern Irish footballer

Don Donaghy (1936–2008), American photographer

Eileen Donaghy (1930–2008), Irish traditional singer

Frederick Anthony Donaghy (1903–1988), American-born Catholic bishop in China

Gerard Donaghy (1954–1972), Northern Irish youth killed by British security forces

Jack Donaghy, a fictional character in 30 Rock

Judi Donaghy (born 1960), American vocalist, producer and songwriter

Mal Donaghy (born 1957), Northern Irish footballer

Mary Donaghy (born 1939), New Zealand Olympic athlete

Michael Donaghy (1954–2004), American poet and musician

Plunkett Donaghy, Tyrone Gaelic footballer

Siobhán Donaghy (born 1984), English singer-songwriter

Tim Donaghy (born 1967), American basketball referee

Tom Donaghy, American playwright

Frederick Anthony Donaghy
Frederick Anthony Donaghy, M.M. (January 13, 1903 – February 5, 1988) was an American-born Catholic missionary and bishop. As a member of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll), he was assigned to missions in China.  He served as the Bishop of Wuzhou from 1956–1975.
2023 Italian Open – Men's singles
Daniil Medvedev defeated Holger Rune in the final, 7–5, 7–5 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2023 Italian Open. It was his fifth title of 2023, sixth career Masters 1000 title, and first ATP Tour title on clay. Before 2023, Medvedev had never won a match at the Italian Open in three previous appearances.

Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost to Rune in the quarterfinals. Since Rafael Nadal withdrew before the tournament started, this marked the first time since 2004, 19 consecutive seasons, that neither Djokovic nor Nadal contested the Rome final.

By playing his second-round match, Carlos Alcaraz reclaimed the world No. 1 singles ranking from Djokovic.

2004 Italian Open – Men's singles
Carlos Moyá defeated David Nalbandian in the final, 6–3, 6–3, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2004 Italian Open.

Félix Mantilla was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Mariano Zabaleta.
Resistive plate chamber
A Resistive plate chamber (RPC) is a particle detector widely used in high energy physics. They are used for detecting muons in most of the modern experiments including ATLAS, CMS, Belle II and BES III.

BES III
The Beijing Spectrometer III (BES III) is a particle physics experiment at the Beijing Electron–Positron Collider II (BEPC II) at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP). It is designed to study the physics of charm, charmonium, and light hadron decays.  It also performs studies of the tau lepton, tests of QCD, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The experiment started collecting data in the summer of 2008.
Being Black in Toronto
Being Black in Toronto is a Canadian documentary series, which was broadcast by CBC Gem in 2020. The series consisted of six short documentary films by emerging Black Canadian filmmakers from Toronto, who had been mentored through Fabienne Colas's Being Black in Canada foundation.

The six films shown in the series were Omolola Ajao's "YYZ", Valerie Amponsah's "Joseph, Margaret & I", Yasmin Evering-Kerr's "The Onyx Butterfly", Sharine Taylor's "Tallawah Abroad", Adrian Wallace's "Black Sun" and Yvano Wickham-Edwards's "#BLACK". A further four short films by filmmakers from Halifax were also subsequently broadcast under the title Being Black in Halifax.

The filmmakers won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Direction in a Documentary Series at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021.

Fabienne Colas
Fabienne Colas Joseph, CM (born March 18, 1979), is a Haitian-Canadian actress, director and producer. She is head of the Fabienne Colas Foundation, which is dedicated to the promotion of film, art and culture as it organizes many festivals. Fabienne is also a recipient for the 2018 Canada's 40 under 40 award. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in December 2024. She lives in Carignan, Quebec.
Richard Richmond
Richard Richmond, LL.D. (died 1780) was an Anglican clergyman who served in the Church of England as the Bishop of Sodor and Man from 1773 to 1780.

He was nominated Bishop of Sodor and Man by John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl and Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl on 23 January 1773, and was consecrated on 14 February 1773.

He died in office on 4 February 1780.

Christianity portal

Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl
Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl, suo jure 8th Baroness Strange (born Lady Charlotte Murray; 13 October 1731 – 13 October 1805) was a Scottish peeress.

A plaster sculpture portrait of her, described as "After James Tassie", is held by the National Galleries of Scotland.
K. Sudhakaran
Kumbakudi Sudhakaran (born 7 June 1948) is an Indian politician  and former president of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC). He was also the former Cabinet Minister in the Government of Kerala. He is currently serving as Member of Parliament (MP), Lok Sabha, from Kannur, Kerala and member of Parliamentary Standing Committees on Rural Development and Welfare of OBCs. He represents the Indian National Congress. He has also served as a four-term member in the Kerala Legislative Assembly and represented the Kannur constituency from 1996 to 2009. He was elected as MP of Kannur constituency in the 2019 and 2024 Indian general elections.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.
Falling Awake (poetry collection)
Falling Awake is a 2016 poetry collection by English poet Alice Oswald, published by Jonathan Cape. Her seventh book of poetry, it won the 2016 Costa Book Award for Poetry and the 2017 Griffin Poetry Prize.

Griffin Poetry Prize
The Griffin Poetry Prize is a Canadian poetry award. It was founded in 2000 by businessman and philanthropist Scott Griffin.

Before 2022, two separate awards went to one Canadian and one international poet who writes in the English language. In 2022, the two awards were consolidated into a single international prize of CAD$130,000. Shortlisted poets are awarded CAD$10,000, and a Lifetime Recognition Award comes with an award of CAD$25,000.

Concurrently with the merger, the Griffin Poetry Prize also introduced a juried Canadian First Book Prize to honor the year's best debut book by a Canadian poet.
Lily Elefteriadou
Ageliki (Lily) Elefteriadou (born 1964) is a Greek-American civil engineer specializing in traffic flow, including route capacity, phase transitions from fast to slow traffic flow ("breakdown"), traffic optimization, and traffic simulation. She is Barbara Goldsby Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Florida, where she directs the University of Florida Transportation Institute. Elefteriadou chairs the TRB committee responsible for authoring the Highway Capacity Manual.

Route capacity
Route capacity is the maximum number of vehicles, people, or amount of freight than can travel a given route in a given amount of time, usually an hour. It may be limited by the worst bottleneck in the system, such as a stretch of road with fewer lanes. Air traffic route capacity is affected by weather. For a metro or a light rail system, route capacity is generally the capacity of each vehicle, times the number of vehicles per train, times the number of trains per hour (tph). In this way, route capacity is highly dependent on headway. Beyond this mathematical theory, capacity may be influenced by other factors such as slow zones, single-tracked areas, and infrastructure limitations, e.g. to useful train lengths.
Piotti
Piotti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jorge Piotti (born 1940), Argentine footballer and manager

Luigi Piotti (1913–1971), Italian racing driver

Ottorino Piotti (born 1954), Italian footballer

Luigi Piotti
Luigi Piotti (October 27, 1913 in Milan – April 19, 1971 in Godiasco) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in nine Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on January 22, 1956. He scored no championship points.
Disinformation research
Disinformation research, also called disinformation studies or misinformation research, is an academic research field that aims to understand and counter disinformation, misinformation, and malinformation. The field provides a systemic framework and research methods for studying multiple interrelated phenomena of deceptive practices, like fake news and conspiracy theories, with particular attention to the online manipulation tools and tactics used to distort public perception with the intent to harm or profit.

This academic field should not be confused with the disinformation phenomenon, because disinformation research is a multidisciplinary academic project that is broader in scope, in that it includes multiple forms of media and Internet manipulation ranging from fake news websites to conspiracy theories on social media.

New Media & Society
New Media & Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the fields of sociology, media, and communication. The journal's editor-in-chief is Steve Jones (University of Illinois at Chicago). It has been in publication since 1999 and is published by SAGE Publishing.
Wabash Valley Motor Company
Wabash Valley Motor Company was a historic commercial building located in downtown Evansville, Indiana.  It was built in 1919.  It was in Chicago school style architecture.: Part 1  It has been demolished.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and delisted in 2011.

Downtown Evansville
Downtown Evansville is the central business district of Evansville, Indiana. It is located between Canal Street at the south and east, the Lloyd Expressway to the north, Pigeon Creek to the northwest, and the Ohio River to the southeast south and southwest. Downtown Evansville is entirely within Pigeon Township.

It is home to the Evansville Civic Center. Berry Plastics, CenterPoint Energy, and Old National Bank, the largest financial services bank holding company headquartered in Indiana, have corporate headquarters in downtown Evansville.
Castle of Alva
The Castle of Alva (Portuguese: Castelo de Alva) is a medieval castle located in the civil parish of Viade de Baixo e Fervidelas, in the municipality of Freixo de Espada à Cinta, Portuguese district of Bragança.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Three Piece Elongated Figure No. 1
Three Piece Elongated Figure No. 1 is a sculpture by Henry Moore. It was unveiled in 1962 in the atrium of the CIBC Tower by mayor Jean Drapeau, the artist's first monumental sculpture to be unveiled in Canada. It was then known as Three Piece Reclining Figure, No. 1. Seven editions of the work were cast. The CIBC donated it to its present home in the Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal in 2017 and it is now exhibited in its sculpture garden.

Jean Drapeau
Jean Drapeau CC GOQ (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ dʁapo]; 18 February 1916 – 12 August 1999) was a Canadian politician who served as mayor of Montreal for 2 non-consecutive terms from 1954 to 1957 and from 1960 to 1986. 
Major accomplishments of the Drapeau Administration include the development of the Montreal Metro entirely underground mass transit subway system running on 'whisper quiet' rubber wheels, a successful international exposition Expo 67 as well as the construction of a major performing arts centre, the Place des Arts. Drapeau also secured the hosting of the 1976 Summer Olympics and was instrumental in building the Olympic Stadium and then world's tallest inclined tower. Drapeau was responsible for securing a Major League Baseball franchise, with the creation of the Montreal Expos in 1969. Drapeau's main legacy is Montreal's attainment of global status under his administration. He was the longest serving mayor of Montreal.
Chitra Ganesh
Chitra Ganesh (born 1975 in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is an American visual artist. Her work across media includes charcoal drawings, digital collages, films, web projects, photographs, and wall murals. Ganesh draws from mythology, literature, and popular culture such as comics and anime to reveal feminist and queer narratives from the past and to imagine new visions of the future.

Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture
The Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture is an artists residency located in Madison, Maine, United States. Every year, the program accepts online applications from emerging artists from November through January, and selects 65 to participate in the nine-week intensive summer program. Admissions decisions are announced in April. The school provides participants with housing, food, and studio space, and the campus offers a library, media lab, and sculpture shop, among other amenities. The tuition for the program is $6,000, however, aid is available.

While on campus, the participants interact with five or six resident faculty artists for the duration of the program, as well as five to seven visiting faculty artists, both of whom are selected by Skowhegan’s Board of Governors. Participants are not allowed to bring family or friends with them to Skowhegan, nor are visitors allowed on campus. Lectures by faculty artists, which are generally held on Fridays, are open to the public.
Guillaume Graechen
Guillaume Graechen (born 24 April 1977), also known as Doan Guillaume Duong, is a French-born Vietnamese football manager and former football player. He started his career as a football player at Dijon and played in France until 2007. That year, while working as a football scout for Jean-Marc Guillou, he was introduced by Arsène Wenger to the owner of Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC who was recruiting a manager for his new academy. Since 2007, Graechen has been the coach for HAGL Arsenal–JMG Academy. As a coach, he has helped many Vietnamese football players advance their careers. In 2014, he was the coach for the Vietnam national under-19 football team, and guided the team again in 2019.

Dijon FCO
Dijon Football Côte d'Or (French pronunciation: [diʒɔ̃ futbol kot dɔʁ]; lit. 'Dijon Football Gold Coast'), commonly referred to as Dijon FCO, Dijon or simply as DFCO, is a French football club based in Dijon. The club was founded in 1998 as a result of a merger between two local clubs in the city, and competed in Ligue 2 after suffering relegation from Ligue 1 in the 2011–12 season. The club earned promotion back to Ligue 1 at the end of the 2015–16 season, remained for five seasons before two relegations in three years saw the club relegated out of the professional leagues at the end of the 2022–23 season. The club's president is Olivier Delcourt. Dijon plays its home matches at the Stade Gaston Gérard.