hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl Brown (baseball)
Earl Louis Brown (July 24, 1900 – April 13, 1980) was an American Negro league pitcher, journalist, and politician.

A native of Charlottesville, Virginia, Brown attended Harvard University, where he was a star pitcher for the Crimson. He graduated from Harvard in 1924, and that summer played briefly for the Lincoln Giants of the Eastern Colored League. He went on to teach economics and government at Virginia Union University and Louisville Municipal College before turning to a career in journalism. A reporter and editor at Life, and later managing editor of the New York Amsterdam News, Brown was elected to the New York City Council in 1949, and served there until 1961. In 1958, he lost a bid to unseat incumbent U.S. Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Brown later became chairman of New York City's Commission on Human Rights. He died in New York, New York in 1980 at age 79.

New York Amsterdam News
The Amsterdam News (also known as New York Amsterdam News) is a weekly Black-owned newspaper serving New York City. It is one of the oldest newspapers geared toward African Americans in the United States and has published columns by such figures as W. E. B. Du Bois, Roy Wilkins, and Adam Clayton Powell Jr., and was the first to recognize and publish Malcolm X. From 1916 to 1938, the paper operated from the New York Amsterdam News Building on Seventh Avenue in Harlem. The building is a National Landmark.
Josip Murn
Josip Murn (pronounced [ˈjóːsip ˈmùːɾn]), also known under the pseudonym Aleksandrov ([alɛˈksáːndɾɔw]; 4 March 1879 – 18 June 1901) was a Slovene symbolist poet. Together with Ivan Cankar, Oton Župančič, and Dragotin Kette, he was regarded as one of the beginners of modernism in Slovene literature. After France Prešeren and Edvard Kocbek, Murn was probably the most influential Slovene poet of the last two centuries.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Yackey Monoplane
The Yackey Monoplane was an American three seat parasol monoplane flown in the late 1920s. Two prototypes had some success in the 1927 New York - Spokane National Air Derby and orders were placed but a crash killed its designer and ended production.

Clark Y airfoil
Clark Y is the name of a particular airfoil profile, widely used in general purpose aircraft designs, and much studied in aerodynamics over the years. The profile was designed in 1922 by Virginius E. Clark using thickness distribution of the German-developed Goettingen 398 airfoil. The airfoil has a thickness of 11.7 percent and is flat on the lower surface aft of 30 percent of chord. The flat bottom simplifies angle measurements on propellers, and makes for easy construction of wings.

For many applications the Clark Y has been an adequate airfoil section; it gives reasonable overall performance in respect of its lift-to-drag ratio, and has gentle and relatively benign stall characteristics. The flat lower surface is not optimal from an aerodynamic perspective, and it is rarely used in modern designs.

The Clark YH airfoil is similar but with a reflexed (turned up) trailing edge producing a more positive pitching moment reducing the horizontal tail load required to trim an aircraft.
Ravenna Park
Ravenna Park and Cowen Park comprise a single contiguous recreation and green space between the Ravenna and University District neighborhoods of Seattle, Washington in the United States. These public parks encompass the ravine with a maximum depth of 115 feet (35 m) through which Ravenna Creek flows.

University District, Seattle
The University District (commonly the U District) is a neighborhood and a major district in central northeastern Seattle, Washington, comprising several distinct neighborhoods. The main campus of the University of Washington (UW) is located in the district, lending its name to both the district as well as University Way NE (commonly The Ave). The neighborhood lies north of Portage Bay and the Lake Washington Ship Canal and generally east of Interstate 5.

The area, originally a Duwamish settlement, was surveyed by the territorial government in 1855 and opened to settlement in 1867. Real estate developers created the Brooklyn neighborhood on the west side of the district in the 1890s, which was followed by the relocation of the UW campus to the east side of the district in 1895. The name Brooklyn faded from use in favor of "University District", which was adopted after a public contest in 1919.
Peder Jørgen Cloumann
Peder Jørgen Cloumann (14 April 1747 – 22 December 1817) was a Norwegian bailiff and politician.

Peder Jørgen Cloumann was born  at Strandebarm in Søndre Bergenhus, Norway where his father was the parish priest. He studied in the University of Copenhagen and achieved his Baccalaureate degree in 1763. In 1766, he went to Bratsberg county where he served as representative of the governor.

He was bailiff in Øvre Telemark from 1772 to 1811. He purchased the Moen farm in the parish of Kviteseid during 1783. He represented Bratsberg amt (now Telemark) at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll Manor in 1814 where he belonged to the union party (Unionspartiet).

Norwegian Constituent Assembly
The Norwegian Constituent Assembly (Norwegian: Grunnlovsforsamlingen or Riksforsamlingen) is the name given to the 1814 constitutional assembly that adopted the Norwegian Constitution and formalised the dissolution of the union with Denmark. The meetings took place at the Eidsvoll Manor in the village of Eidsvoll Verk in the Eidsvoll parish in Akershus county, Norway from 10 April to 20 May 1814. In Norway, it is often just referred to as Eidsvollsforsamlingen, which means The Assembly of Eidsvoll.
Claudia Sangiorgi Dalimore
Claudia Sangiorgi Dalimore is an Australian filmmaker. She won an Australian Women in Music Award. She features women in her music videos. Her videos have been nominated for the ARIA Award for Best Video and J Award Music Video of the Year honor.

She directed Thelma Plum's "Better In Blak" music video. She and Plum were interviewed by Marie Claire.

In 2020, she directed a music video for Okenyo addressing white supremacy. Her music video for Nigerian-Australian musician PRICIE debuted in February 2021.

In 2024 she directed the music video for "Losing You" for Australia singer-songwriter duo Angus & Julia Stone.

Thelma Plum
Thelma Amelina Plumbe (born 21 December 1994), known professionally as Thelma Plum, is an Aboriginal Australian (Gamilaraay) singer, songwriter, guitarist and musician from Delungra, New South Wales. Her debut album, Better in Blak, was released on 30 July 2019 and peaked at number 4 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

Plum has received various accolades, including for Best Cover Art at the 2019 ARIA Music Awards for Dennis Pfitzner's artwork.
Man bijt hond
Man bijt hond (Dutch: Man bites dog) is a long-running Flemish TV programme inspired by Strip-Tease, the show that lays you bare, a 1985 TV programme that ran on RTBF. The show aired in Flanders and the Netherlands, with separate versions for each country. The Flemish version aired from 1997 to 2013, whilst the Netherlands version originally aired from 1999 to 2015, with a revival airing since 2019.

The Flemish version, produced by Woestijnvis, aired for most of its run on Eén, before moving to VIER for its final year. The Netherlands version was produced under license by the NCRV (KRO-NCRV for the final year of its original run) and aired on NPO 1 until 2006, when it moved to NPO 2. The 2019 revival is produced, under license, by independent producer Fabiola and broadcast on SBS6.

NPO 1
NPO 1 (known as Nederland 1 [ˌneːdərlɑnt ˈeːn] until 2014) is the first national television station in the Netherlands. It launched on 2 October 1951. It provides public broadcasting and currently exists next to sister channels NPO 2 and NPO 3. Several broadcasting organisations of the Publieke Omroep deliver a wide variety of programs for the channel, usually for larger audiences. In 2018, it was the most viewed channel in the Netherlands, reaching a market share of 22.0%. The channel is also available via cable TV in the Dutch Caribbean, either live or time-shifted.
Heir Hunters
Heir Hunters is a BBC television programme focusing on attempts to find missing or unknown heirs, entitled to deceased people's estates before the British Treasury lawfully collects the money. The show follows the work of probate researchers from a number of different firms to show how the results of time-consuming research turned out. The main firms followed have been Fraser and Fraser, Celtic Research and Finders International.

It was announced in 2011 that Heir Hunters would run in both BBC One daytime and in primetime television on BBC Two that autumn. The eleventh series was aired on BBC One from 27 February 2017.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
1953 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22
The 1953 Tour de France was the 40th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place from 3 to 26 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,479 km (2,783 mi).

The Tour began in Strasbourg on 3 July, and Stage 12 occurred on 15 July with a flat stage from Luchon. The race finished in Paris on 26 July.

Jean Robic entered the stage 12 as the first cyclist in the history of the Tour de France to ever lead in the three most important classifications: he wore the yellow jersey, green jersey and led King of the Mountains ranking.

Montluçon
Montluçon (French: [mɔ̃lysɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Montleçon [munləˈsu]) is a commune in central France on the river Cher. It is the largest commune in the Allier department, although the department's prefecture is located in the smaller town of Moulins. Its inhabitants are known as Montluçonnais. The town is in the traditional province of Bourbonnais and was part of the mediaeval duchy of Bourbon.
Fernando Mayans Canabal
Fernando Enrique Mayans Canabal (born 5 April 1963) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).

In the 2006 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Tabasco's 4th district during the 60th session of Congress (2006–2009).

In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Senate for the state of Tabasco (62nd and 63rd congressional sessions). He also served as a local deputy in the Congress of Tabasco in 2001–2003.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Groovin' (The Young Rascals album)
Groovin' is the third album by the rock band the Young Rascals. The album was released on July 31, 1967 and rose to #5 on the Billboard Top LPs chart, number 7 on the R&B chart, and number 2 in Canada. Eight of the songs were released on singles with the title track reaching number 1 on the Pop chart in the U.S.

Hubert Laws
Hubert Laws (born November 10, 1939) is an American flutist, piccoloist and saxophonist with a career spanning over 50 years in jazz, classical, and other music genres.  Laws is one of the few classical artists who has also mastered jazz, pop, and rhythm-and-blues genres, moving effortlessly from one repertory to another. He has three Grammy nominations.
Master of Ceremonies (Styles P album)
Master of Ceremonies is the fourth solo studio album by American rapper Styles P. It was released on October 4, 2011, via D-Block Records and E1 Music. Production was handled by Phonix Beats, Supa Stylez, AraabMuzik, Black Saun, J. Music House, Pete Rock, Reefa, Statik Selektah, Ty Fyffe and Warren G. It features guest appearances from Sheek Louch, Aja, Avery Storm, Busta Rhymes, Jadakiss, Lloyd Banks, Pharoahe Monch, Pharrell Williams, Rell and Rick Ross.

The album debuted at number 33 on the Billboard 200, number 5 on both the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and the Top Rap Albums, and number 8 on the Independent Albums charts in the United States, selling 11,000 units in its first week.

It was supported with three singles: "It's OK", "Harsh" and "How I Fly".

Pharoahe Monch
Troy Donald Jamerson (born October 31, 1968), better known by his stage name Pharoahe Monch, is an American rapper known for his complex lyrics, intricate delivery, and internal and multisyllabic rhyme schemes.
Q'inqu Mayu
Q'inqu Mayu (Quechua q'inqu zig-zag, mayu river, "zig-zag river", hispanicized spellings Kenko Mayu, Khenko Mayu) is a Bolivian river in the Cochabamba Department, Chapare Province. Since 1991, it is the eastern border of Tunari National Park.

Cochabamba Department
Cochabamba (Aymara: Quchapampa Jach'a Suyu, Spanish: Departamento de Cochabamba pronounced [kotʃaˈβamba] ⓘ, Quechua: Quchapampa Suyu), from Quechua qucha or qhucha, meaning "lake", pampa meaning "plain", is one of the nine departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the breadbasket of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from its geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km2. Its population in the 2024 census was 2,005,373. Its capital is the city of Cochabamba, known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" because of its spring-like temperatures all year.
James W. Maney
James W. Maney (January 3, 1862 – July 13, 1945) was an American engineer and railroad contractor during the late 19th and early 20th century. He was an early resident of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, helped to shape its development, and lived there most of his life. He built railroads throughout the West, invented a widely used earth-moving tool, and lived in a now-historic home.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.
Road Control
Road Control (Ukrainian: Дорожній Контроль, ДК, romanized: Dorozhniy Kontrol, DK, Russian: Дорожный Контроль, ДК, romanized: Dorozhnyy Kontrol', DK) is a non-governmental organization in Ukraine advocating for road safety, transparency of road police, and human rights. Road Control was founded in Kyiv (Ukraine) in 2008 as a reflection of the increasing level of irresponsibility among many road police officers in Ukraine. The main goal of Road Control is to eliminate the corruption, criminal and other types of Ukrainian road police (Ukrainian: ДАІ [DAI], Russian: ГАИ [GAI]) misconduct activities against car-drivers and pedestrians in Ukraine.

Police misconduct
Police misconduct is inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Types of misconduct include among others: sexual offences, coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, unwarranted surveillance, unwarranted searches, and unwarranted seizure of property.
Juan Gabriel Vásquez
Juan Gabriel Vásquez (born 1973) is a Colombian writer, journalist and translator. He has written many  novels, short stories, literary essays, and numerous articles of political commentary.

His novel The Sound of Things Falling, published in Spanish in 2011, won the Alfaguara Novel Prize and the 2014 International Dublin Literary Award, among other prizes. His novels have been published in 28 languages. In 2012, after living in Europe for sixteen years, in Paris, the Belgian Ardennes, and Barcelona, Vásquez moved with his family back to Bogotá.

Political criticism
Political criticism, also referred to as political commentary or political discussion, is a type of criticism that is specific of or relevant to politics, including policies, politicians, political parties, and types of government.
History of deaf education
The Deaf community over time has worked to improve the educational system for those who are Deaf and hard of hearing. The history of Deaf education dates back to ancient Egypt where the deaf were respected and revered. In contrast, those who were deaf in ancient Greece were considered a burden to society and put to death. The educational aspects of the deaf community has evolved tremendously and still continues to grow as the science of linguistics, educational research, new technologies, and laws, on local, national, and international levels are steadily being introduced. Strategies, however, remain controversial.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
Untold Story (novel)
Untold Story is a novel by Monica Ali, her fourth book after two novels and a collection of short stories. It asks what would have happened if Diana, Princess of Wales had not died in a car accident in Paris in 1997 but had arranged for her own disappearance and tried to live an undiscovered life in a small American town. In the novel, Princess Diana is portrayed in fictional form as an English expat named Lydia. The story is told through a combination of third person narrative, diary entries of the princess's former personal secretary, Lawrence Standing, and letters written by Lydia.

In May 2011, it was reported that Ali had sold the film rights to British production company Cloud Eight Films.

Ali claimed in 2022 that one critic called it 'a curious marriage of author and subject matter'. Ali has spoken of how damaging she experienced what she saw as the stereotyping of her work to be.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Tepeüstü
Tepeüstü is a neighborhood in the municipality and district of Ümraniye, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 13,700 (2022). Its land area is 42 hectares.

The name of the neighborhood means literally "hill top" (Turkish: tepe + üst).

Tepeüstü is bordered on northeast by Alemdağ Avenue and the Ümraniye neighborhoods of Ihlamurkuyu and Cemil Meriç; on the east by Doğanevler Avenue and the Ümraniye neighborhood of Altınşehir; on the southwest by Tavukçuyolu Avenue and the Ümraniye neighborhoods of Mehmet Akif and Çakmak; on the west by Kaşgarlı Mahmut Avenue and the Ümraniye neighborhood of Çakmak; and on its northwest corner by the Ümraniye neighborhood of Fatih Sultan Mehmet.

In the 1990s, the area of Tepeüstü began to be densely settled. Because of "cadastral inconsistencies," "expropriation problems," and "old, unhealthy buildings with earthquake risk," plans for urban renewal began in 1998 and continued to at least 2024.

Ümraniye
Ümraniye (pronounced [ymˈɾaːnije]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 46 km2, and its population is 723,760 (2023). It was separated from Üsküdar in 1987. It is bordered by Çekmeköy to the northeast, Sancaktepe to the east, Ataşehir to the south, Üsküdar to the west and Beykoz to the northwest.
Franklin Ferriss
Benjamin Franklin Ferriss  (September 22, 1849 – November 10, 1933) was a Missouri state jurist known for his role as special master in the Standard Oil trust litigation of the Progressive Era. Franklin Ferriss was also the father of Hugh Ferriss.

Phi Kappa Psi
Phi Kappa Psi (ΦΚΨ), commonly known as Phi Psi, is an American collegiate social fraternity that was founded at Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania in 1852. The fraternity has over ninety chapters at accredited four-year colleges and universities throughout the United States. More than 179,000 men have been initiated into Phi Kappa Psi since its founding. Phi Kappa Psi and Phi Gamma Delta, both founded at the same college, form the Jefferson Duo.