hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bob & Bob
Bob & Bob were a Los Angeles-based performance art duo formed in 1974 by artists Francis Shishim (born 1953), known as The Dark Bob, and Paul Velick (born 1953), known as The Light Bob. They utilized various forms of multimedia for their projects, which include paintings, drawings, sculptures, dioramas, videos, improvised happenings, recordings, and installations that employ ironic humor to critique contemporary culture, the art world, high society, consumerism, and politics.

Diorama
A diorama is a replica of a scene, typically a three-dimensional model either full-sized or miniature. Sometimes dioramas are enclosed in a glass showcase at a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies like military vehicle modeling, miniature figure modeling, or aircraft modeling.

In the United States around 1950 and onward, natural history dioramas in museums became less fashionable, leading to many being removed, dismantled, or destroyed.
Lückentheorie
"Lückentheorie" (German pronunciation: [ˈlʏkən.teoˌʁiː], gap theory), is a term proposed by German jurist and politician Friedrich Julius Stahl. It was employed by Otto von Bismarck in order to resolve the constitutional conflict in Prussia from 1862-1866 with the Landtag in the favor of the King. The theory implied that when the Prussian Constitution of 1850 did not come to an agreement on the vote of the budget, there is a legal gap that can be filled by the "monarchical principle". The Lückentheorie affirms the King as the sole one with the power to decide on matters of the Constitution, and that the King could overrule Landtag opposition. Since the Minister President of Prussia belonged to the royal government, as an extension of the King, he was by extension superior to the Landtag in case of conflict.

Thomas Nipperdey
Thomas Nipperdey (27 October 1927, Cologne – 14 June 1992, Munich) was a German historian best known for his monumental and exhaustive studies of Germany from 1800 to 1918.  As a critical follower of Leopold von Ranke's famous ideal of writing "history exactly as it happened," Nipperdey sought to explain the interconnectedness of political, social and cultural developments, while avoiding partisanship and rejecting moralistic efforts to see German history before 1933 only in the light of Nazism.
Barlovento, Venezuela
Barlovento is a sub-region of Miranda state, Venezuela. During Spanish colonization of the Americas, Barlovento was developed as estate owners founded cacao haciendas. The work on the estates was done by African slaves brought from what is now the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. These people were from the Kingdom of Kongo and Kingdom of Loango. There were also Yoruba slaves.

The culture of African and Spanish inhabitants has merged into the "drum dancing", Barlovento's typical Afro-Venezuelan celebration. This occurs particularly at the time of the feast of San Juan. Other events include the Entierro de la Sardina (Burial of the Sardine) and Day of the Dead. A syncretism has occurred where Catholic saints represent traditional African deities.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Papakonstantinou
Papakonstantinou (Greek: Παπακωνσταντίνου) is a Greek surname. It means "The Family of Father Constantine" (father referring to the priesthood). It is the surname of:

Alex P Alexander "Alex P" Papaconstantinou, Greek-Swedish songwriter and music producer

Anastasios Papakonstantinou (born 1963), Greek bobsledder

Anthi Papakonstantinou (born 1995), Greek footballer

Elli Papakonstantinou,  stage director, librettist, translator and activist

Giorgos Papakonstantinou (born 1961), Greek finance minister

Michalis Papakonstantinou, (1919–2010), Greek politician, Minister for Foreign Affairs

Thanassis Papakonstantinou (born 1959), Greek folk-rock singer and songwriter

Theofylaktos Papakonstantinou (1905–1991), Greek journalist, writer and politician

Vasilis Papakonstantinou (born 1950), Greek rock singer

Frini Papakonstantinou, (born 1994), Greek educator

Michalis Papakonstantinou
Michalis Papakonstantinou (Greek: Μιχάλης Παπακωνσταντίνου; 1 November 1919 – 17 January 2010) was a Greek politician and author. He studied law at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.  Papakonstantinou served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 7 August 1992 until 13 October 1993, as a member of the New Democracy Party.

He regularly wrote as a columnist in newspapers in both Athens and Thessaloniki. He also contributed to Greek and foreign magazines as a writer.

Papakonstantinou was born in Kozani, Greece, in 1919. He died on January 17, 2010, at the age of 90.
Gmina Łyse
Gmina Łyse is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łyse, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) north of Ostrołęka and 132 km (82 mi) north-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 246.45 square kilometres (95.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,908 (8,394 in 2011).

Ostrołęka
Ostrołęka (Polish: [ɔstrɔˈwɛŋka] ⓘ; Yiddish: אסטראלענקע, romanized: Ostrolenka) is a small city in northeastern Poland on the Narew river, about 120 km (75 mi) northeast of Warsaw, with a population of 51,012 (2021) and an area of 33.46 square kilometres (12.92 sq mi). It is the capital of both Ostrołęka County and Ostrołęka City County in the Masovian Voivodeship.

Ostrołęka was founded as a medieval stronghold that grew into an important royal city in northern Mazovia, which prospered from crafts and trade. The city was the site of several battles and skirmishes throughout history. Ostrołęka is a local railroad junction with four lines stemming from Ostrołęka railway station: eastwards to Łapy and Białystok, southwestwards to Tłuszcz and Warsaw, northwards to Wielbark and Olsztyn, and southwards to Małkinia Górna. Ostrołęka is a local centre of culture and light industry. The Ostrołęka Power Station is located in Ostrołęka.
Maekawaea
Maekawaea is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). It includes three species native to New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, and Queensland).

It includes three accepted species, which were previously placed in genus Desmodium:

Maekawaea macrocarpa (Domin) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi – Queensland

Maekawaea rhytidophylla (F.Muell. ex Benth.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi – New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, and Queensland)

Maekawaea tenax (Schindl.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi – New Guinea and Queensland

Maekawaea rhytidophylla
Maekawaea rhytidophylla is a small twining herb or trailing shrub in the family Fabaceae. The plant has rusty or felty hairs on all parts. Attractive pink flowers may form at any time of the year. It is native to eastern and northern Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, and New South Wales) and to New Guinea and New Caledonia.

The specific epithet rhytidophylla is derived from Greek, describing the wrinkled leaves.
Seattle Stock Exchange
The Seattle Stock Exchange was a regional stock exchange in the northwest United States, located in Seattle, Washington. It began operations on March 14, 1927, merged with the Seattle Curb and Mining Exchange on October 1, 1935, and closed on October 1, 1942.

In 1929 and 1930, stocks traded on the exchange included Carnation, the Dexter Horton National Bank and Seattle National Bank, Fisher Flouring Mill Co., Van de Kamp's Holland Dutch Bakeries, and Puget Sound Power & Light. Bonds traded included those of the W.E. Boeing Company, Seattle Times Company, the Northern Life Tower, Puget Sound Navigation Company, and the Olympic Hotel.

Fairmont Olympic Hotel
The Fairmont Olympic Hotel, originally The Olympic Hotel, is a luxury hotel in downtown Seattle, Washington. A historic landmark, the hotel was built on the original site of the University of Washington's campus. The hotel opened in 1924, and in 1979, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
R. Krishnasamy Naidu
R. Krishnasamy Naidu (Tamil:ரா.கிருஷ்ணசாமி நாயுடு; 5 January 1902 – 30 October 1973) was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly Madras State Legislative Assembly (1952)  and He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Srivilliputhur constituency in 1957 election and from Rajapalayam constituency in 1962 election.

He was actively involved in social work and cooperative initiatives and was engaged in agriculture. He also had an interest in composing Tamil poetry, reading, and listening to Carnatic music.

Joined in the Indian National Congress in 1922.Underwent imprisonment for one year in 1930 during the Civil Disobedience Movement

Rajapalayam Assembly constituency
9°27′0″N 77°33′0″E﻿ / ﻿9.45000°N 77.55000°E﻿ / 9.45000; 77.55000

Rajapalayam is an assembly constituency located in Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu. It falls under Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Kaho District, Fukuoka
Kaho (嘉穂郡, Kaho-gun) is a district located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The district was formed in 1896.

As of 2006, the district has an estimated population of 14,648 and a density of 729.85 persons per km2. The total area is 20.07 km2.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Mertainen
The Mertainen is an iron ore deposit and mine in Lapland, Sweden, Sweden. It is located about 30 km southeast of the town of Kiruna. In December 2016 Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB closed the mine for indefinite time. Re-opening the mine remains a possibility according to LKAB executive Magnus Arnkvist.

The ore is chiefly magnetite with small amounts of hematite. The deposit has a few small massive magnetite bodies and a larger volume of low grade ore made up of host-rock intruded by magnetite veins. The host rock is made up of scapolite and biotite-altered Syenite Porphyry. The Syenite Porphyry display magnetite nodules.

Most of the deposit has a low phosphorus grade (0.05%) but in the northeast phosphorus grades are higher (0.2 to 0.9%).

Scapolite
The scapolites (Greek: σκάπος, "rod", and λίθος, "stone") are a group of rock-forming silicate minerals composed of aluminium, calcium, and sodium silicate with chlorine, carbonate and sulfate. The two endmembers are meionite (Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3) and marialite (Na4Al3Si9O24Cl). Silvialite (Ca,Na)4Al6Si6O24(SO4,CO3) is also a recognized member of the group.
Ramram Das
Ramram Das was one of the earliest patriarchs of the extended Munshi family of Kadirpara and Chougachi, who co-founded the Kadirpara Estate along with his younger brother Munshi Balaram Das. He was the son of Majumdar Rajivlochan Das, younger brother of Hariram Das and elder brother of Munshi Balaram Das. He belonged to the Das family belonging to the Barendra Kayastha lineage, which originated from Mahatma Narahari Das (also known as Naradev Das). Ramram's bravery has been documented in the books Jessore-Khulnar Itihas (English: History of Jessore and Khulna) by Satish Chandra Mitra and Raja Sitaram Ray by Jadunath Bhattacharya. He, along with his younger brother Balaram, once fought off fearsome robbers with immense courage, which impressed Raja Sitaram Ray, helping them be granted with a whole village called Bilpakuria in exchange of no tax. This incident laid the foundation of the zamindari in Kadirpara, later known as the Kadirpara Estate.

Bengali Kayastha
Bengali Kayastha is a Bengali Hindu caste that originated from the Bengal region of the  Indian subcontinent, and is one of the main subgroups of the Kayastha community. The historical caste occupation of Kayasthas throughout India has been that of scribes, administrators, ministers and record-keepers; the Kayasthas in Bengal, along with Brahmins and Baidyas, are regarded among the three traditional higher castes that comprise the "upper layer of Hindu society". During the British Raj, the Bhadraloks of Bengal were drawn primarily, but not exclusively, from these three castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal.
Zion, Alabama
Zion  is an unincorporated community in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. Zion is located along Alabama State Route 159, 8.0 miles (12.9 km) north of Gordo. The Zion community also has a local convenience store affectionately named Zion Mall. The Zion Mall serves as a hub for community, fresh produce, deli, and county-renowned apple fritters. The Zion community has a community center, which once served as a local schoolhouse.

Alabama State Route 159
State Route 159 (SR 159) is a 29.626-mile (47.678 km) state highway that serves as a north–south connection between Gordo and Fayette through Fayette and Pickens counties. SR 159 intersects US 82 at its southern terminus and SR 171 at its northern terminus.
Seventeen Rules of Enjuin
The Seventeen Rules of Enjuin (延寿院医則十七ヶ条) are a code of conduct developed for students of the Japanese Ri-shu school of medicine in the 16th century CE. They contain the same number of precepts as the Seventeen-article constitution of Prince Shōtoku.

The rules are similar to the Vejjavatapada, the Buddhist medical doctor's oath, the Oath of Asaph and the Hippocratic Oath, in that they stress the rights of the physicians' teachers, require the physician to respect the patient's privacy rights, and prohibit both euthanasia and abortion. They also emphasize that physicians should love their patients and that they should work together as a brotherhood.

Seventeen-article constitution
The seventeen-article constitution (十七条憲法, "jūshichijō kenpō") is, according to the Nihon Shoki of 720, a document authored by Prince Shōtoku in 604. It was adopted in the reign of Empress Suiko. The emphasis of the document is not so much on the basic laws by which the state was to be governed, such as one may expect from a modern constitution, but rather it was a highly Buddhist and Confucian document that focused on the morals and virtues that were to be expected of government officials and the emperor's subjects to ensure a smooth running of the state, where the emperor was to be regarded as the highest authority. It is one of the earliest constitutions in history.
Magik (programming language)
Magik is an object-oriented programming language that supports multiple inheritance and polymorphism, and it is dynamically typed. It was designed and implemented in 1989 by Arthur Chance of Smallworld Systems Ltd. as part of Smallworld Geographical Information System (GIS). Following Smallworld's acquisition in 2000, Magik is now provided by GE Energy, still as part of its Smallworld technology platform.

Magik (Inspirational Magik) was originally introduced in 1990 and has been improved and updated over the years. Its current version is 5.2.

In July 2012, Magik developers announced that they were in the process of porting Magik language on the Java virtual machine. The successful porting was confirmed by Oracle Corporation in November of the same year.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Jim O'Connolly
James Philip O'Connolly (23 February 1926 – December 1986), known professionally as Jim O'Connolly, was an English film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for his work as associate producer of many of the Edgar Wallace Mysteries B-movies made at Merton Park Studios in the early 1960s, as well directing films such as The Hi-Jackers (1963), Smokescreen (1964), Berserk! (1967), and Tower of Evil (1972). He also directed several episodes of ITV's The Saint between 1967 and 1969.

Edgar Wallace Mysteries
The Edgar Wallace Mysteries is a British second-feature film series mainly produced at Merton Park Studios for Anglo-Amalgamated. There were 48 films in the series, which were released between 1960 and 1965. The series was screened as The Edgar Wallace Mystery Theatre on television in the United States.
Sitaram Jajoo
Sitaram Surajmal Jajoo (29 May 1915 – 25 November 1983) was an Indian politician from the state of the Madhya Pradesh. Did Ll.B. from Allahabad University c 1939. Freedom Fighter 1942. Member Constituent Assembly of India 1950. Member of provisional Parliament (1947-1952).
He represented Neemuch Vidhan Sabha constituency in Madhya Bharat (1952-1956). Minister to the Government of Madhya Bharat (1952-1956) & Madhya Pradesh (1956-1962). Minister to Government of Madhya Pradesh 1956. Legislative Assembly by winning General election of 1952 & 1957. Chairman Madhya Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (1972-1977).

Madhya Bharat
Madhya Bharat, also known as Malwa Union, was an Indian state in west-central India, created on 28 May 1948 from twenty-five princely states which until 1947 had been part of the Central India Agency, with Jiwajirao Scindia as its Rajpramukh.

The union had an area of 46,478 square miles (120,380 km2).Gwalior was made the capital and the first legislative assembly took place inside the Moti Mahal of Gwalior. It was bordered by the states of Bombay (presently Gujarat and Maharashtra) to the southwest, Rajasthan to the northwest, Uttar Pradesh to the north, and Vindhya Pradesh to the east, and Bhopal State and Madhya Pradesh to the southeast. The population was mostly Hindu and Hindi-speaking.
On 1 November 1956, Madhya Bharat, together with the states of Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal State, was merged into Madhya Pradesh.
Patrick Allen (music educator)
Patrick Allen (born 17 October 1955) is the English author of Singing Matters (Heinemann publishers), which won the Times Educational Supplement Schoolbook Award in 1999. He also won The Guardian Award for Teacher of the Year in a Secondary School in 2004 and the NUT Teacher Award for "inspirational leadership of a music group" at the 2015 National Festival of Music for Youth. Until July 2015, he worked as an Advanced Skills Teacher, based at Ifield Community College in Crawley, England where he was also Head of Music and Chair of Arts. He was awarded Advanced Skills Teacher status in 2001. Allen is a UK judge for the Teaching Awards, a music education consultant and a PhD research student at SOAS.

Advanced Skills Teacher
Advanced Skills Teacher was a role in a maintained school in England and Wales from 1998 to 2013. Advanced Skills Teachers were judged through external assessment against a range of criteria to demonstrate excellent classroom teaching practice. They were employed in Advanced Skills Teacher posts in roles which include an element of work dedicated to supporting teaching colleagues in their own schools, and other schools in the area, to improve their own practice. The role was introduced in 1998 to reward excellent teachers who chose to stay working in classrooms, rather than following other routes to promotion through leadership. Funding for the role was wound down in 2011 and ceased altogether in 2013.
Treaty of Florence
The Treaty of Florence (28 March 1801), which followed the Armistice of Foligno (9 February 1801), brought to an end the war between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Naples, one of the Wars of the French Revolution. Forced by the French military presence, Naples ceded some territories in the Tyrrhenian Sea and accepted French garrisons to their ports on the Adriatic Sea. All Neapolitan harbours were closed to British and Ottoman vessels.

Napoleon was relatively lenient to the defenseless Kingdom of Naples thanks to his need to appease Tsar Paul I of Russia and its allies of the Second League of Armed Neutrality. The Tsar, who was assassinated less than a week before the signing of the treaty, was concerned with the French advance in Italy and had decided to support the King of Naples. The First Consul, wanting to attract the Tsar to his side in the strife in Europe, was forced to allow Ferdinand IV to remain on the throne albeit now as an ally of France.

Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars
The Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801) were a series of conflicts fought principally in Northern Italy between the French Revolutionary Army and a Coalition of Austria, Russia, Piedmont-Sardinia, and a number of other Italian states.

The campaign of 1796-1797 brought prominence to Napoleon Bonaparte, a young, largely unknown commander, who led French forces to victory over numerically superior Austrian and Sardinian armies.
Masankup
Masankup (Persian: ماسان كوپ, also Romanized as Māsānḵūp) is a village in Atrak Rural District, Dashli Borun District, Gonbad-e Qabus County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 352, in 65 families.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
Green-backed firecrown
The green-backed firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes) is a hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Argentina, mainland Chile, and the Juan Fernández Islands.

Kniphofia
Kniphofia (/nɪpˈhoʊfiə/, /nɪˈfoʊfiə/, /nɪfˈoʊfiə/) is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae, first described as a genus in 1794. All species of Kniphofia are native to Africa. Common names include tritoma, red hot poker, torch lily and poker plant.