hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tourism in Abkhazia
Tourism in Abkhazia has been an important part of its economy. Visiting Abkhazia for non-Georgian citizens is technically illegal under the Georgian law, by which the Georgian government prohibits most foreigners from entering the disputed territory except from the Georgian side, which in turn is not usually allowed by the Abkhaz authorities. Abkhazia continues to be accessible for tourists coming from the Russian side of the Abkhazia–Russia border which is not under Georgian control. Low prices and an absence of any visa requirements attracts Russian tourists, especially those who can not afford the vacations in Turkey, Egypt, Bulgaria and other popular Russian touristic directions.

Kelasuri Wall
The Kelasuri Wall (Georgian: კელასურის კედელი) or Great Abkhazian Wall (Georgian: აფხაზეთის დიდი კედელი) is a stone wall located to the east of Sokhumi in Abkhazia, Georgia. The exact time of its construction is not known; several dates ranging from antiquity to the 17th century were suggested, although more recent works have provisionally favoured construction in the 6th century AD. The wall featured about 300 towers, most of them now entirely or largely ruined.
WJHX
WJHX (620 AM) was an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Lexington, Alabama. The station was last owned by Bar Broadcasting, Inc.

Before it fell silent in July 2013, WJHX broadcast a Regional Mexican music format and Spanish language programming. WJHX, along with WIXI, and WZGX, comprised the "La Jefa" radio network covering central Alabama, north Alabama, and central Tennessee.

Lexington, Alabama
Lexington is a town in Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Florence–Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Statistical Area known as "The Shoals". It incorporated in 1959. As of the 2020 census, Lexington had a population of 727.
2011–12 Azerbaijan Cup
The Azerbaijan Cup 2011–12 is the 20th season of the annual cup competition in Azerbaijan. It started on 26 October 2011 with five games of the Premiliary Round and ended in May 2012 with the final. FC Inter Baku were the defending champions. Twenty-two teams were scheduled to compete in the competition.

The winner of the competition will qualify for the first qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.

Şamaxı FK
Şamaxı Futbol Klubu (pronounced [ʃɑmɑˈxɯ], lit. 'Shamakhi Football Club') is an Azerbaijani professional football club based in Shamakhi, which competes in the Azerbaijan Premier League. The club has won the Premier League title twice. Previously the club was known as Xəzər Universiteti FK (1999–2004), İnter Bakı PİK (2004–2017) and Keşlə FK (2017–2022).
Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe
Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe (French pronunciation: [ʃɑtonœf syʁ saʁt] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Les Hauts-d'Anjou. It is approximately 175 miles (280 km) from Paris. It had a population of 3,084 in 2023. The river Sarthe flows to the east of the town near where the Sarthe and river Mayenne join to form the river Maine.

Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe is to the north of the Loire Valley, an area famous for its historic towns, wine-growing region and cultural landscape. The local areas is heavily farmed both for arable and pastoral uses.

Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe has a bus stop but no train station, but the SNCF station in Etriché is 5 km away. By road the town is 19 km from exit 11 on the A11 with good links to Angers (20 miles) and Le Mans (50 miles) The nearest airports to are Angers, Le Mans, Nantes and Rennes; with the last two airports approximately 70 miles away.

Maine (river)
The Maine (French pronunciation: [mɛːn] ⓘ) is a river, a tributary of the Loire, 11.5 km (7.1 mi) long, in the Maine-et-Loire département in France.

It is formed by the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe rivers north of Angers. It flows through this city and joins the Loire southwest of Angers.

The river's name is derived from the ancient Meodena, as is Mayenne, and is unrelated to Maine, the province.
Qasr Qarun
Qasr Qarun is an archaeological site located near Lake Qarun in Faiyum Governorate, Egypt. The site primarily includes an ancient temple from the Ptolemaic period. It is located approximately 44 km (27 mi) from the city of Faiyum.

The temple was dedicated to the worship of the god Sobek and later Dionysus. From 330 BC to AD 640, the town was known as  "Dionysias". The inhabitants of the region in the Islamic era called it "Qasr Qarun" because it was located near Lake Qarun.

The temple is known for its solar event which occurs annually on December 21, wherein the sun illuminates the inner sanctum.

Faiyum Governorate
Faiyum (Arabic: محافظة الفيوم Muḥāfāzah Al Fayyūm) is one of the governorates of Egypt in the middle of the country. Its capital is the city of Faiyum, located about 81 mi (130 km) south west of Cairo. It has a population of 3,848,708 (2020).
Robert Henry Codrington
Robert Henry Codrington (15 September 1830, Wroughton, Wiltshire – 11 September 1922) was an Anglican priest and anthropologist who made the first study of Melanesian society and culture. His work is still held as a classic of ethnography.

Codrington wrote, "One of the first duties of a missionary is to try to understand the people among whom he works," and he himself reflected a deep commitment to this value. Codrington worked as headmaster of the Melanesian Mission school on Norfolk Island from 1867 to 1887. Over his many years with the Melanesian people, he gained a deep knowledge of their society, languages, and customs through a close association with them. He also intensively studied "Melanesian languages", including the Mota language.

He popularized the use of the word "mana" in the West, and described mana "as a generalized power that is perceived in objects appearing in any sense out of the ordinary, or that is acquired by persons who possess them."

Melanesian languages
In linguistics, Melanesian is an obsolete term referring to the Austronesian languages of Melanesia: that is, the Oceanic, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, or Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages apart from Polynesian and Micronesian. A typical classification of the Austronesian languages ca. 1970 would divide them into something like the following branches:

Formosan languages (Northern)

Western Malayo-Polynesian

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
Melanesian languages (including Fijian)
Micronesian languages
Polynesian languages
Cupula
A cupula is a small, inverted cup or dome-shaped cap over a structure, including:

Ampullary cupula, a structure in the vestibular system, providing the sense of spatial orientation

Cochlear cupula, a structure in the cochlea

Cupula of the pleura, related to the lungs

The cervical parietal pleura in the thorax

A layer in the otolith organs

The cupula optica, or optic cup, in embryological development of the eye

Cup-like structure fitted over the eye during electrophysiology study

Suprapleural membrane

Electrophysiology study
A cardiac electrophysiology study (EP test or EP study) is a minimally invasive procedure using catheters introduced through a vein or artery to record electrical activity from within the heart. This electrical activity is recorded when the heart is in a normal rhythm (sinus rhythm) to assess the conduction system of the heart and to look for additional electrical connections (accessory pathways), and during any abnormal heart rhythms that can be induced. EP studies are used to investigate the cause, location of origin, and best treatment for various abnormal heart rhythms, and are often followed by a catheter ablation during the same procedure.
Adam Cost
Cost  is the tag name of a graffiti writer who, from the early 1980s to  the late 2000s, blanketed New York City and the surrounding metropolitan area with his wheatpaste stickers, spray paint tags and paint-roller pieces.

In the 1990s, Cost collaborated with fellow New York graffiti artist Revs.

Wheatpaste
Wheatpaste (also known as flour and water paste, flour paste, or simply paste) is a gel or liquid adhesive made from wheat flour or starch and water. It has been used since antiquity for various arts and crafts such as bookbinding, découpage, collage, papier-mâché, and adhering paper posters and notices to walls.
Stambolovo, Haskovo Province
Stambolovo (Bulgarian: Стамболово, pronounced [stɐmboˈɫɔvo]) is a village in central southern Bulgaria, part of Haskovo Province. It is the administrative centre of Stambolovo Municipality, which is located in the southwestern part of Haskovo Province. Stambolovo lies in the Eastern Rhodope Mountains, not far from the Upper Thracian Plain and 22 kilometres from the provincial capital of Haskovo.

The area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity, with Thracians, Romans, Byzantines, Bulgarians and Ottomans playing important roles in the area's history. Until 1906, the village was known as Eller; it was renamed after noted Bulgarian politician and Prime Minister of Bulgaria Stefan Stambolov (1854–1895).

Haskovo
Haskovo (Bulgarian: Хасково [ˈxaskovo]) is a city in the region of Northern Thrace in southern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of the Haskovo Province, not far from the borders with Greece and Turkey. According to Operative Program Regional Development of Bulgaria, the urban area of Haskovo is the seventh largest in Bulgaria and has a population of 184,731 inhabitants. Haskovo has a population of 64,564 as of 2022, making it Bulgaria's 12th largest city.

The first settlement found in Haskovo is from circa 5000 BC. Haskovo celebrated its 1,000th anniversary as a town in 1985. To mark the event, a new clock tower was erected in the centre of the town.

Haskovo Cove in Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, is named after Haskovo.
Transpersonal
The transpersonal is a term used by different schools of philosophy and psychology in order to describe experiences and worldviews that extend beyond the personal level of the psyche, and beyond mundane worldly events.

Stanislav Grof
Stanislav Grof  (born July 1, 1931) is a Czech-born American psychiatrist. Grof is one of the principal developers of transpersonal psychology and research into the use of non-ordinary states of consciousness for purposes of psychological healing, deep self-exploration, and obtaining growth and insights into the human psyche.
Glitre Energi Produksjon
Glitre Energi Produksjon (formerly EB Kraftproduksjon AS) is a Norwegian power company that operates 31 hydroelectric power plants, primarily in Buskerud, with total average annual production of 2.3 TWh. The company is owned by Glitre Energi (100%).

Buskerud
Buskerud (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbʉ̂skərʉː] ⓘ) is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. It extends from Oslofjord and Drammensfjord in the southeast to the Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The administrative centre of the county is Drammen.

Buskerud was one of the three counties merged into Viken on 1 January 2020. On 23 February 2022, the Viken County Council voted 49-38 to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a demerger of itself. Due to this, Buskerud (except the area forming the defunct municipalities of Røyken and Hurum) was re-established in 2024.
Arita ware
Arita ware (Japanese: 有田焼, Hepburn: Arita-yaki) is a broad term for Japanese porcelain made in the area around the town of Arita, in the former Hizen Province, northwestern Kyūshū island. It is also known as Hizen ware (肥前焼, Hizen-yaki) after the wider area of the province.  This was the  area where the great majority of early Japanese porcelain, especially Japanese export porcelain, was made.

In English usage "Arita ware" was traditionally used for the export wares in blue and white porcelain, mostly copying Chinese styles.  The wares with added overglaze colours were called Imari ware or (a sub-group) Kakiemon.  It is now recognized that the same kilns often made more than one of these types, and "Arita ware" is more often used as a term for all of them.  The brightly coloured Kutani ware is another type that is now recognised as coming from around Arita as well as the Kutani itself, and "Kutani-type" is used as a stylistic description.

Kaga, Ishikawa
Kaga (加賀市, Kaga-shi) is a city located in southwestern Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2018, the city had an estimated population of 67,793 in 29054 households, and a population density of 290 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 305.87 square kilometres (118.10 sq mi).
Wolfgang Dramsch
Wolfgang Dramsch (born 22 July 1949) is a retired German football goalkeeper.

He played eight seasons in the 2. Bundesliga with 1. FC Schweinfurt 05, VfL Osnabrück and Alemannia Aachen. In total, he made 280 appearances in the league.

VfL Osnabrück
VfL Osnabrück is a German multi-sport club in Osnabrück, Lower Saxony. It currently fields teams in basketball, gymnastics, swimming, table tennis, and tennis but is by far best known for its football section.

The football team currently plays in the 3. Liga following their relegation from the 2023-24 2. Bundesliga season. They are currently coached by Timo Schultz and captained by Jannik Müller.

The club has the record for most seasons played in the 2. Bundesliga without ever playing in the Bundesliga, and is 10th in the 2. Bundesliga's all-time table.
Niellé
Niellé is a town in the far north of Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture and commune of Ouangolodougou Department in Tchologo Region, Savanes District. The border with Mali is located 30 kilometres north of town.

Niellé is in the sub-Saharan Sahel savanna biogeography region, which is characterised by grasslands with trees, such as the baobab (Adansonia digitata), umbrella thorn acacia (Acacia tortilis) and other species.

In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Niellé was 48,524.

Savanes District
Savanes District (French: District des Savanes, [sa.van], "Savannahs") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northernmost part of the country. The capital of the district is Korhogo.
Goldie Vance
Goldie Vance is a comic book series created by Eisner Award-winning writer Hope Larson and artist Brittney Williams. It was a monthly ongoing series from 2016 to 2017, then switched to a series of original graphic novels in 2018. In 2019, the comic's publisher, Boom! Studios, partnered with Little, Brown Books to continue Goldie Vance as a series of novels for young readers. The story follows Marigold "Goldie" Vance, a sixteen-year-old girl who dreams of becoming the in-house detective at the Miami resort where her father works as manager.

Boom! Studios
Boom! Studios (stylized as BOOM! Studios), is an American comic book and graphic novel publisher. They are headquartered in Los Angeles, California, United States. As of September 2024, the company is a subsidiary division of Penguin Random House.
Intellect Books
Intellect Books is an independent academic book publisher based in Bristol, UK. The press was founded in 1984 by Masoud Yazdani, a former professor of digital media at the University of the West of England. The press specializes in books about film, media, and popular culture; it also publishes over 100 academic journals.

The press is a member of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) and the Independent Publishers Guild (IPG). The publisher is also a Research4Life partner.

Research4Life
Research4Life is a platform and website dedicated to making peer-reviewed knowledge public to students and researchers in lower income countries. Research4Life provides free or low cost access to academic and professional peer-reviewed content online. In 2021 Research4Life offered 132,000 leading journals and books in the fields of health, agriculture, environment, applied sciences and legal information.
Jean de Moulins
Jean de Moulins was a French Dominican and prelate, who was incardinated in the Toulouse province. In 1344 was appointed Inquisitor of the kingdom of France and from 1345 to 1349 Master of the Sacred Palace. He was elected Master General of the Dominican Order in 1349.

One year later he was appointed as Cardinal of Santa Sabina in the Consistory of 17 December 1350. He resigned from the order. He died on 23 February 1353.

Papal consistory
In the Catholic Church, a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope. There are two kinds of consistories, extraordinary and ordinary. An "extraordinary" consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals. An "ordinary" consistory is ceremonial in nature and is normally attended by cardinals resident in Rome. For example, the pope elevates new cardinals to the College at a consistory; Pope Francis called consistories for ceremonies of canonization; and Pope Benedict announced his decision to retire in 2013 at a consistory.

A meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect a new pope is not a consistory, but a conclave.
Love from a Stranger (1947 film)
Love from a Stranger is a 1947 American historical film noir directed by Richard Whorf and starring John Hodiak, Sylvia Sidney and Ann Richards. The film is also known as A Stranger Walked In in the United Kingdom. It is based on the play of the same title by Frank Vosper, inspired by a short story by Agatha Christie, which had previously been turned into a 1937 British film Love from a Stranger starring Basil Rathbone.

Basil Rathbone
Philip St. John Basil Rathbone MC (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967) was an English actor. Born in South Africa and raised in Derbyshire, he rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a Shakespearean stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, swashbucklers, and, occasionally, horror films.

Rathbone frequently portrayed suave villains or morally ambiguous characters, such as Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield (1935), Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Sir Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). His most famous role was that of Sherlock Holmes in fourteen Hollywood films made between 1939 and 1946 and in a radio series.

Rathbone's later career included roles on Broadway, as well as self-ironic film and television work. In 1948, he shared the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play with two others. He was also nominated for two Academy Awards and honoured with three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Gerard Nolst Trenité
Gerard Nolst Trenité (Dutch: [ɣeːrɑrt nɔlst treːniteː]; 20 July 1870 – 9 October 1946), publishing under the pseudonym Charivarius, was a Dutch writer, teacher, and observer of the English language.

Nolst Trenité is best known in the English-speaking world for his poem The Chaos, which demonstrates many of the idiosyncrasies of English spelling and first appeared as an appendix to his 1920 textbook Drop Your Foreign Accent: engelsche uitspraakoefeningen. The subtitle of the book means "English pronunciation exercises".

Weakened from war and famine, Nolst Trenité died a year after the Liberation at the age of 76.

Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025,  Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan.
Crandell Park
Crandell Park is a public park in Eaton County, Michigan covering about 432 acres (0.675 mi2). The park is located about 2 miles east of Charlotte. The entrance to the park is off Michigan highway M-50. It is Eaton County's newest park, being established in 2017. Crandell Lake (located within the park) is Eaton County's largest lake at 160 acres (0.25 mi2) in size.

Crandell Park was established in 2017, after Eaton County purchased the land for US$3.9 million in 2016 from a local resident named Randy Crandell. The transaction was made possible due to a Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) grant. The grant covered 75% of the cost, and Crandell donated the remaining 25%.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the agency of the state of Michigan founded in 1921, charged with maintaining natural resources such as state parks, state forests, and recreation areas. It is governed by a director appointed by the Governor and accepted by the Natural Resources Commission. Since 2023, the Director is Scott Bowen. The DNR has about 1,400 permanent employees, and over 1,600 seasonal employees.
Birth of the Boogie
"Birth of the Boogie" is a 1955 song composed by Bill Haley with Billy Williamson and Johnny Grande. The song was released as a Decca single by Bill Haley and His Comets, peaking at #17 on the Billboard singles chart.

Bill Haley
William John Clifton Haley (/ˈheɪli/; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American rock and roll musician. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets and million-selling hits such as "Rock Around the Clock", "See You Later, Alligator", "Shake, Rattle and Roll", "Rocket 88", "Skinny Minnie", and "Razzle Dazzle". Haley has sold over 60 million records worldwide. In 1987, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Goulard
Goulard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoine Goulard (born 1985), French football player

François Goulard (born 1953), French politician

Marc-Antoine Goulard (born 1964), French painter

Sylvie Goulard (born 1964), French politician

Thomas Goulard (1697–1784), French surgeon

François Goulard
François Goulard (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa gulaʁ]; born 21 September 1953 in Vannes) was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented the Morbihan department,  and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He has been appointed as minister of transports from 2004 to 2005 and minister of superior education from 2005 to 2007.

In November 2021, he became treasurer of Horizons, a party within President Emmanuel Macron's Ensemble Citoyens coalition.
9th Africa Movie Academy Awards
The 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards ceremony honouring movies of 2012 was held in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State on 20 April 2013. The event was hosted by actress and former AMAA winner Ama K. Abebrese and Ayo Makun with many celebrities in attendance. The awards' nomination party was held in Lilongwe, Malawi; it was hosted by President Joyce Banda. A total of 671 films were submitted for consideration across Africa, America, Canada, France, Germany, Guadalupe, Italy, Jamaica, and the United Kingdom. Confusion Na Wa won the best picture award. The late Justus Esiri was awarded the Best Actor in a leading role posthumously.

Africa Movie Academy Awards
The Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMMA) is an annual entertainment award ceremony, presented to recognize excellence among African and non-African professionals, who have contributed to the African film industry. The award was founded by Peace Anyiam-Osigwe currently run by the Africa Film Academy. It is regarded as one of Africa's most notable film events, and have been sometimes referenced as the "African Oscars".