hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lenore Zuck
Lenore D. Zuck (Hebrew: לינור ד. צוק; born 1958) is an Israeli-American computer scientist whose research involves formal methods in software engineering, as well as information privacy. She is a research professor of computer science at the University of Illinois Chicago.

Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
Serkawn
Sêrkâwn is a village within Lunglei Administrative Block, Mizoram, India. It is continuous with Lunglei within 1 km area. It is 107 km from the state capital Aizawl. The place chosen by British missionaries, it is the home of Christianity and formal education in southern Mizoram. The oldest schools and hospital in southern Mizoram were established there. It still is the centre of administration of Baptist Church of Mizoram.

The British used to call it (as a literal translation) "Lemonvale". The name is due to abundant lemon trees native to the place during the British occupation. It remained the principal centre of learning and music during the 20th century.

Aizawl
Aizawl (English:  /ˈaɪzɔːl/ EYE-zawl; Mizo: [ˈaɪ̯.ˈzɔːl] ⓘ), formerly known as Aijal, is the capital city and the most populous city of Mizoram, India. It is also the third largest city in northeast India. It is situated atop a series of ridges, with an average elevation of around 1,132 metres (3,714 feet) above sea level. In 2024, the city has an estimated population of 415,000 people.

Having served as the capital of the British Lushai Hills from 1898 to 1947, colonial structures are prevalent in the city centre including but not limited to the Aijal Club, Raj Bhavan, the Red School, and the Office of the Deputy Commissioner. As the seat of the Government of Mizoram, Aizawl is home to the Assembly House. Additionally, Aizawl is part of the Smart Cities Mission, an initiative by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs aimed at urban development and infrastructure enhancement.
John D. McCrate
John Dennis McCrate (October 1, 1802 – September 11, 1879) was a United States representative from Maine.  He was born in Wiscasset, Massachusetts (now in Maine) on October 1, 1802. McCrate graduated from Bowdoin College in 1819. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced in Damariscotta and in Wiscasset.

McCrate was elected a member of the Maine House of Representatives. McCrate was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847). He resumed the practice of law in Wiscasset before moving to Boston, Massachusetts, continuing the practice of his profession until 1852 when he moved to Sutton, Massachusetts and engaged in agricultural pursuits.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Orsolya Szilágyi
Orsolya Szilágyi (Hungarian: Szilágyi Orsolya) was a Hungarian noblewoman from the  House of Szilágyi, she was the daughter of count László (Ladislaus) Szilágyi and Katalin Bellyéni. Orsolya Szilágyi was the wife of John Rozgonyi, which was voivode of Transylvania between 1441–1458 and between 1459–1461 (for the second time), also ispán of Sopron and Vas Counties (1449–1454), count of the Székelys (1457–1458). They had the following children: John, András, István, Apollónia (who married Benedek Csáky).

Vas County (former)
Vas (Latin: Comitatus Castrifèrreus, German: Eisenburg, Slovene: Železna županija or Železna) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between Hungary, Austria and Slovenia.
Parco Virgiliano
Parco Virgiliano (the Park of Remembrance) is a scenic park located on the hill of Posillipo, Naples, Italy.
The Park serves as a green oasis, built on the tufa stone typical to the coast of Posillipo.

A series of terraces overlooking the whole Gulf of Naples provides the park with a unique array of impressive vistas, including views of the coasts of Amalfi and Sorrento, Mount Vesuvius, Gaiola Bay, Pollione'S amphitheater, Trentaremi Bay, Nisida island, the factory neighbourhood of Bagnoli, Pozzuoli, Baia, Bacoli, Monte di Procida and the beautiful islands of Ischia, Capri and Procida.

The park offers several playgrounds designed for children of various age-groups, as well as many kiosks which during the summer nights are often packed with youngsters just relaxing.

The park also has a small amphitheater, where events are organized in the summers.

40°47′59″N 14°10′51″E﻿ / ﻿40.79972°N 14.18083°E﻿ / 40.79972; 14.18083

Posillipo
Posillipo (Italian: [poˈzillipo]; Neapolitan: Pusilleco [puˈsilləkə]) is an affluent residential quarter of Naples, southern Italy, located along the northern coast of the Gulf of Naples.

From the 1st century BC the Bay of Naples witnessed the rise of villas constructed by elite Romans along the most panoramic points of the coast, who had chosen the area as a favourite vacation spot. The remains of some of these, around the imperial pleasure villa of the Roman emperors, as well as the Tunnel of Sejanus can be seen today in the Parco archeologico del Pausilypon, or Pausilypon Archaeological Park, and elsewhere.
Experimental data
Experimental data in science and engineering is data produced by a measurement, test method, experimental design or quasi-experimental design. In clinical research any data produced are the result of a clinical trial. Experimental data may be qualitative or quantitative, each being appropriate for different investigations.

Generally speaking, qualitative data are considered more descriptive and can be subjective in comparison to having a continuous measurement scale that produces numbers.  Whereas quantitative data are gathered in a manner that is normally experimentally repeatable, qualitative information is usually more closely related to phenomenal meaning and is, therefore, subject to interpretation by individual observers.

Experimental data can be reproduced by a variety of different investigators and mathematical analysis may be performed on these data.

Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology  and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group. Observational studies, for lacking an assignment mechanism, naturally present difficulties for inferential analysis.
Perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride
Perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride, NfF) is a colorless, volatile liquid that is immiscible with water but soluble in common organic solvents.  It is prepared by the electrochemical fluorination of sulfolane.  NfF serves as an entry point to nonafluorobutanesulfonates (nonaflates), which are valuable as electrophiles in palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions.  As a perfluoroalkylsulfonylating agent, NfF offers the advantages of lower cost and greater stability over the more frequently used triflic anhydride.  The fluoride leaving group is readily substituted by nucleophiles such as amines, phenoxides, and enolates, giving sulfonamides, aryl nonaflates, and alkenyl nonaflates, respectively.  However, it is not attacked by water (in which it is stable at pH<12).  Hydrolysis by barium hydroxide gives Ba(ONf)2, which upon treatment with sulfuric acid gives perfluorobutanesulfonic acid and insoluble barium sulfate.

Fluoride
Fluoride (/ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr-/) is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F− (also written [F]−), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.
The Hunt for Red October
The Hunt for Red October is the debut novel by American author Tom Clancy, first published on October 1, 1984, by the Naval Institute Press. It depicts Soviet submarine captain Marko Ramius as he seemingly goes rogue with his country's cutting-edge ballistic missile submarine Red October, and marks the first appearance of Clancy's most popular fictional character, Jack Ryan, an analyst working for the Central Intelligence Agency, as he must prove his theory that Ramius plans to defect to the United States.

The Hunt for Red October launched Clancy's career as a novelist, especially after US President Ronald Reagan remarked that he had enjoyed reading the book. A film adaptation was released on March 2, 1990 by Paramount Pictures, and several computer and video games based on the book have been developed. The book was instrumental in bringing the book genre of techno-thriller into the mainstream.

HMS Invincible (R05)
HMS Invincible was the Royal Navy's lead ship of her class of three light aircraft carriers. She was launched on 3 May 1977 as the seventh ship to carry the name. She was originally designated as an anti-submarine warfare carrier, but was used as an aircraft carrier during the Falklands War, when she was deployed with HMS Hermes. She took over as flagship of the British fleet when Hermes was sold to India. Invincible was also deployed in the Yugoslav Wars and the Iraq War. During the Falklands Conflict, Argentinian media reported Invincible as sunk on several occasions. In 2005, she was decommissioned, and was eventually sold for scrap in February 2011.
USS Gonzalez
USS Gonzalez (DDG-66) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight I) Aegis guided missile destroyer in the United States Navy. She is named for Sergeant Alfredo Cantu Gonzalez, a Medal of Honor recipient in the Vietnam War.

Aegis Combat System
The Aegis Combat System is an American integrated naval weapons system, which uses computers and radars to track and guide weapons to destroy enemy targets. It was developed by the Missile and Surface Radar Division of RCA, and it is now produced by Lockheed Martin.

Initially used by the United States Navy, Aegis is now used also by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Spanish Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy, Republic of Korea Navy, and Royal Australian Navy, and is planned for use by the Royal Canadian Navy. As of 2022, a total of 110 Aegis-equipped ships have been deployed, and 71 more are planned (see operators).

Aegis BMD (Ballistic Missile Defense) capabilities are being developed as part of the NATO missile defense system.
Nork-Marash Medical Center
The Nork-Marash Medical Center is a teaching hospital and biomedical research facility in Yerevan, Armenia, focused on cardiac care. It is led by Dr. Hrayr (Hagop) Hovagimian, a Syrian-Armenian cardiothoracic surgeon from the University of Aleppo and St. Vincent's Hospital, Portland.

Cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease), lungs (lung disease), and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

In most countries, cardiothoracic surgery is further subspecialized into cardiac surgery (involving the heart and the great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs, esophagus, thymus, etc.); the exceptions are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India and some European Union countries such as Portugal.
Elghalia Djimi
Elghalia Djimi (Arabic: الغالية ادجيمي; born 28 May 1961) is the vice president of the organization Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Human Rights Violations Committed by the Moroccan State. In this organization she records accounts of human rights violations and also coordinates the work of the organization in the absence of the president. She is also a member of the Committee for the Families of Disappeared Saharawis.

Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Human Rights Violations Committed by the Moroccan State
The Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Violations of Human Rights Committed by the Moroccan State (Spanish: Asociación Saharaui de Víctimas de Violaciones Graves de los Derechos Humanos Cometidas por el Estado Marroquí; Arabic: جمعية الصحراوية لضحايا الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان المرتكبة من طرف الدولة المغربية; French: Association Sahraouie des Victimes des Violations Graves des Droits Humains Commises par l’Etat Marocain), or ASVDH, is a Sahrawi human rights organization in the Moroccan-occupied areas of Western Sahara (considered the Southern Provinces by Morocco).
KWVE-FM
KWVE-FM (107.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to San Clemente, California, and broadcasting to Orange County, the Inland Empire and Northern San Diego County.  It airs a Christian talk and teaching radio format, known as "K-Wave".  The station is owned by Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, with its studios in the church-owned KWAVE Building on West MacArthur Boulevard in Santa Ana.

KWVE-FM is a Class B FM station with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 530 watts.  The transmitter is atop Santiago Peak in Rancho Santa Margarita.  KWVE is simulcast on KWVE (1110 AM) within the Greater Los Angeles area; most KWVE programming is also heard on KSDW (88.9 FM) in Temecula.

KTWV
KTWV (94.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, and broadcasting to the Greater Los Angeles area. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc., and airs a rhythmic adult contemporary format. KTWV has studios on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile district of Los Angeles. As "94.7 The Wave", the station was known for pioneering the smooth jazz radio format in the late 1980s.

KTWV has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 58,000 watts. The transmitter is shared with former sister station KTTV, and is on Mount Wilson. KTWV broadcasts using HD Radio technology, with a dance/EDM format on its HD2 digital subchannel and Persian-language programming currently on its HD3 subchannel.
University of Information Science and Technology "St. Paul The Apostle"
The University of Information Science and Technology "St. Paul The Apostle" (Macedonian: Универзитет за информатички науки и технологии "Св. Апостол Павле", romanized: Univerzitet za informatički nauki i tehnologii "Sv. Apostol Pavle"; abbr. UIST) is a public university in North Macedonia.

UIST was founded by the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia by the Act on Establishment of the University for Information Technology in 2008.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Gozo Channel
The Gozo Channel is a short stretch of Mediterranean Sea separating the Maltese island of Gozo from the northern tip of Malta.

It is about 7 km (4.3 mi) long and varies in width from 6.7 km (4.2 mi) at its widest to 4.5 km (2.8 mi) at its northeastern end. At the centre of the channel are the two islands of Comino (inhabited) and Cominotto. The channel serves as a sea route link between the two islands with a ferry service run by Gozo Channel Line running all year round from the ports of Mġarr Harbour and Ċirkewwa.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
Taradake Prefectural Natural Park (Saga)
Taradake Prefectural Natural Park (多良岳県立自然公園, Taradake kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Saga Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1952, the park spans the municipalities of Kashima and Tara.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Théâtre de Cluny
The théâtre de Cluny (French pronunciation: [teɑtʁ də klyni]) or théâtre Cluny was an entertainment venue located at 71 boulevard Saint-Germain in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, inaugurated in 1864 and closed in 1989.

Boulevard Saint-Germain
48°51′10.70″N 2°20′10.70″E﻿ / ﻿48.8529722°N 2.3363056°E﻿ / 48.8529722; 2.3363056

The Boulevard Saint-Germain (French pronunciation: [bulvaʁ sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃]) is a major street in Paris on the Rive Gauche of the Seine.

It curves in a 3.5-kilometre (2.1 miles) arc from the Pont de Sully in the east (the bridge at the edge of Île Saint-Louis) to the Pont de la Concorde (the bridge to the Place de la Concorde) in the west and traverses the 5th, 6th and 7th arrondissements. At its midpoint, the boulevard is traversed by the north-south Boulevard Saint-Michel. The boulevard is most famous for crossing the Saint-Germain-des-Prés quarter from which it derives its name.
Cemitério de Vila Formosa
The Cemitério de Vila Formosa (Vila Formosa Cemetery) is a necropolis located in the East End district of Vila Formosa, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is Latin America's largest cemetery.

Created on 20 May 1949, (the first burials took place on August 26, 1949) the cemetery has an area of 780,000 square meters (about 192.74 acres), where more than 1.5 million people have been buried to date. It is a space used in particular for burials of poor people and those from the lower middle classes.

Divided into two wings, each month it carries out an average of 275 burials. With eight rooms for open casket visitation, the Vila Formosa cemetery has three entrances.

This cemetery occupies the fourth largest green area in São Paulo, only being smaller than Parque Anhangüera, Parque Ibirapuera and Parque do Carmo, thus representing an important green area for the areas east of São Paulo.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
Paul O. Løkke
Paul Olsen Løkke (12 December 1879 – 1937) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour and Social Democratic Labour parties.

He was born in Vaage Municipality (now spelled Vågå). He joined his first trade union in 1906, and in the city of Tønsberg he was a board member of the local Union of Iron and Metalworkers from 1908 to 1912 and local Labour Party leader from 1910 to 1913. He ran for Parliament in Tønsberg in 1912, but was not elected.

He was the editor-in-chief of the Larvik newspaper Nybrott and the Hamar newspaper Demokraten before taking over Vestfold Arbeiderblad in 1920. When his Labour Party split in 1921, Løkke joined the more right-wing Social Democratic Labour Party. He chaired the party chapter in Tønsberg fra 1923 to 1925. He edited Buskerud Social-Demokrat from 1921 to 1923 and Vestfold Social-Demokrat from 1923 to 1925. He died in 1937.

Vågå Municipality
Vågå (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɡoː]) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vågåmo. Other village areas in the municipality include Bessheim, Besstrond, Lalm, Maurvangen, and Tessand.

The 1,330-square-kilometre (510 sq mi) municipality is the 73rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vågå Municipality is the 217th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,529. The municipality's population density is 2.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.2% over the previous 10-year period.