hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Monaco
The economy of Monaco is reliant on tourism and banking. Monaco, situated on the French coast of the Mediterranean Sea, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate.

The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including gambling, tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service.

Monte Carlo Casino
The Monte Carlo Casino, officially named Casino de Monte-Carlo, is a gambling and entertainment complex located in Monaco. It includes a casino, the Opéra de Monte-Carlo, and the office of Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo.

The Casino de Monte-Carlo is owned and operated by the Société des Bains de Mer (SBM), a public company in which the government of Monaco and the ruling princely family have a majority interest. The company also owns the principal hotels, sports clubs, foodservice establishments, and nightclubs throughout the Principality.

Citizens of Monaco are forbidden to enter the gaming rooms of the casino. The rule banning all Monégasques from gambling or working at the casino was an initiative of Princess Caroline, the de facto regent of Monaco, who amended the rules on moral grounds.
Symphony No. 2 (MacMillan)
The Symphony No. 2 is a symphony for chamber orchestra by the Scottish composer James MacMillan.  It was first performed at Ayr Town Hall on 2 December 1999, by the Scottish Chamber Orchestra under MacMillan.  The piece is dedicated to the writer and MacMillan's "fellow Ayrshireman" Andrew O'Hagan.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Kassari (village)
Kassari is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia, on Kassari Island.

Historically, the village was part of Kassari Manor (German: Kassar). In the 1920s the manor was changed to Kassari settlement (Estonian: Kassari asundus). Kassari got its village status around 1939. In 1977, the Uusküla village was merged into Kassari village.

Kassari
Kassari is an Estonian island. It has an area of 19.3 km2 with a population of around 300. It has a museum dedicated to Oskar Kallas and Aino Kallas.

The philosopher and pedagogue Ülo Kaevats (1947–2015) was born on Kassari.

The tongue of land in Kassari
Chênée
Chênée (French pronunciation: [ʃɛne] ⓘ; Walloon: Tchinnêye) is a sub-municipality of the city of Liège located in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Liège.

Chênée lays at the river mouth of the two rivers Vesdre and Ourthe. It had around 9,101 inhabitants in 2015. The postal code of Chênée is 4032 and is situated around 72 meters above sea level.

Fusion of the Belgian municipalities
The fusion of the Belgian municipalities (French: fusion des communes, Dutch: fusie van Belgische gemeenten) was a Belgian political process that rationalized and reduced the number of municipalities in Belgium between 1964 and 1983. In 1961, there were 2,663 such municipalities; by 1983, these had been re-arranged and combined into 589 larger municipalities.
Nad (surname)
Nad is an English language transliteration of the East Slavic spelling "Надь" of the Hungarian surname Nagy. Notable people with this surname include:

Oleksandr Nad (born 1985), Ukrainian footballer of Hungarian ethnicity

Olga Nad (born 1966), Soviet and Russian footballer

Nađ is a Serbian-language phonetic transcription of the Hungarian surname Nagy. Notable people with this surname include:

Albert Nađ (born 1974), footballer

Antonija Nađ (born 1986), sprint canoer

Kosta Nađ (1911–1986), Yugoslav Army general

Stevan Nađ (1903–1982), Yugoslav wrestler

Albert Nađ
Albert Nađ (Serbian Cyrillic: Алберт Нађ, pronounced [ǎlbert nâdʑ], Hungarian: Nagy Albert; born 29 October 1974) is a Serbian professional football manager and a former player who played as a defensive midfielder. At international level, Nađ represented Serbia and Montenegro at UEFA Euro 2000 (as FR Yugoslavia) and the 2006 FIFA World Cup and earned a total of 45 caps, scoring 3 goals.
Scabinus
Scabinus, sometimes translated as alderman or assessor, was a medieval and early modern municipal office in Continental Europe.

It continued into the present day under a variety of vernacular names:

échevin or eschevin in French

scabino in Italian

Schöffe in German

Schäffe in Luxembourgish

schepen in Dutch

šepmistr in Czech

The equivalent office in southern France and Catalonia was consul or, in Toulouse, capitoul.

Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (/ˌlɒ̃ɡ(ə)ˈdɒk/, French: [lɑ̃ɡ(ə)dɔk], locally [lãᵑɡəˈdɔk]; Occitan: Lengadòc [ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔ(k)]) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately 42,700 square kilometers (16,500 square miles).
Endō Shōta
Endō Shōta (Japanese: 遠藤 聖大; born October 19, 1990) is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler from Anamizu, Ishikawa. After a successful amateur career, he turned professional in March 2013, making the top makuuchi division that September. His highest rank has been komusubi. He has been awarded one special prize for Fighting Spirit, one for Outstanding Performance and four for Technique, as well as seven gold stars for defeating yokozuna. He was runner-up in the September 2016 and September 2021 tournaments. He wrestled for the Oitekaze stable. He is extremely popular with sumo fans and has been regarded as one of the most promising home-grown wrestlers in sumo.

Endō retired in November 2025, and is now a coach at Oitekaze stable under the elder name Kitajin.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Gish (surname)
Gish is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annabeth Gish (born 1971), American actress

Dorothy Gish (1898–1968), American actress

Duane Gish (1921–2013), American biochemist and prominent creationist

Lillian Gish (1893–1993), American silent film actress

Lou Gish (1967–2006), British actress

Oliver Holmes Gish (1883–1987), American geophysicist

Sheila Gish (1942–2005), British actress

Sidney Gish (born 1997), American musician

Warren Gish, American computational biologist

Cecily Gish  (born 1977), American actress

Dorothy Gish
Dorothy Elizabeth Gish (March 11, 1898 – June 4, 1968) was an American stage and screen actress. Dorothy and her older sister Lillian Gish were major movie stars of the silent era. Dorothy also had great success on the stage, and was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. Dorothy Gish was noted as a fine comedian, and many of her films were comedies.
Rail transport in Nauru
In Nauru, rail transport was used for moving calcium pyrophosphate from the island's interior to the cantilever jetties on the island's western coast. For this purpose, a 3.9 km (2.4 mi) long, 610 mm (2 ft) gauge was built by the Pacific Phosphate Company in 1907. The line passed through the districts of Aiwo, Buada, Denigomodu, Nibok, Uaboe and Anibare.

John T. Arundel
John T. Arundel (1 September 1841 – 30 November 1919) was an English entrepreneur who was instrumental in the development of the mining of phosphate rock on the Pacific islands of Nauru and Banaba (Ocean Island). Williams & Macdonald (1985) described him as "a remarkable example of that mid-Victorian phenomenon, the upright, pious and adventurous Christian English businessman."
Bloodmoon (1997 film)
Bloodmoon (Chinese: 終極絞人環) is a 1997 martial arts action-thriller film directed and choreographed by Hong Kong filmmaker Tony Leung Siu-hung, written and produced by Keith W. Strandberg. It stars Gary Daniels, Chuck Jeffreys, Darren Shahlavi, Nina Repeta and Frank Gorshin, with appearances by professional wrestler Rob Van Dam and karateka Joe Lewis. Daniels and Jeffreys play police detectives investigating a serial killer (Shahlavi), who targets martial artists.

One of several US-based productions by Hong Kong studio Seasonal Film Corporation, the film premiered in the United States on the HBO cable network, before being released direct-to-video in June 1997.

Nina Repeta
Nina Repeta (/ˈnaɪnə rəˈpɛtə/; born September 10, 1967) is an American actress best known for her role as Bessie Potter on the television drama Dawson's Creek, which aired from 1998 to 2003.

She attended East Carolina University with Kevin Williamson, the creator of Dawson's Creek and most of her credits are in productions shot, as Dawson's Creek was, in Wilmington, North Carolina. Among them are Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood and Matlock. Her first screen appearance was in 1994 with the George Lucas film Radioland Murders.

In addition to acting, Repeta is a singer.
The Three Princesses of Whiteland
"The Three Princesses of Whiteland" (De tre prinsesser i Hvittenland) is a Norwegian fairy tale, collected by Norwegian writers  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in their  collection of folktales and legends Norske folkeeventyr (1879). Scottish poet and novelist  Andrew Lang collected it his The Red Fairy Book (1890).

Jørgen Moe
Jørgen Engebretsen Moe (22 April 1813–27 March 1882) was a Norwegian folklorist, bishop, poet, and author. He is best known for the Norske Folkeeventyr, a collection of Norwegian folk tales which he edited in collaboration with Peter Christen Asbjørnsen.  He also served as the Bishop of the Diocese of Kristianssand from 1874 until his death in 1882.
Lukyanenko
Lukyanenko, often spelled Lukianenko, is a Ukrainian-language surname. It is a patronymic surname derived from the given name Lukian.

Notable people with the surname include:

Artem Lukyanenko (born 1990), Russian decathlete

Daria Lukianenko, (born 2002), Russian Paralympic swimmer

Iryna Lukianenko, (born 1983), Ukrainian figure skating coach and former competitor

Larisa Lukyanenko (born 1973), Belarusian individual rhythmic gymnast

Levko Lukianenko (1928–2018), Ukrainian politician and Soviet dissident

Sergei Lukyanenko (born 1968), Russian science fiction and fantasy author

Vitaliy Lukyanenko (born 1978), Ukrainian biathlete

Yevgeniy Lukyanenko (born 1985), Russian pole vaulter

Levko Lukianenko
Levko Hryhorovych Lukianenko (Ukrainian: Левко́ Григо́рович Лук'я́ненко; 24 August 1928 – 7 July 2018) was a Ukrainian Soviet dissident and politician. He was one of the founders of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group in 1976 and was elected a leader of the Ukrainian Helsinki Association in 1988.

Lukianenko is the author of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine.
Ohio State Route 61
State Route 61 (SR 61) is a north–south state highway in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its southern terminus is at the U.S. Route 36/State Route 3 concurrency in Sunbury, and its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 6 east of Huron, at the southernmost point of Lake Erie (which is subsequently the southernmost northern border of the United States).  State Route 61 is routed through the communities of Mount Gilead, Galion, Crestline, Shelby, Plymouth, Norwalk, and Berlin Heights.

Mount Gilead, Ohio
Mount Gilead is a village in and the county seat of Morrow County, Ohio, United States. It is located 41 miles (66 km) northeast of Columbus. The population was 3,503 at the 2020 census. It is the center of population of Ohio. The village was established in 1832, eight years after European settlers arrived in the region.

Located in the center of the village is Morrow County's historic World War I Victory Memorial Shaft, unique in the United States, and Mount Gilead State Park is nearby on State Route 95. Other areas drawing tourism include the Amish farms, shops and stores east of Mount Gilead, near Chesterville and Johnsville. Mount Gilead is also home to the OhioHealth Morrow County Hospital.
Revy (Black Lagoon)
Revy (Japanese: レヴィ, Hepburn: Revi), also known by her real name Rebecca Lee, is a character from Rei Hiroe's manga Black Lagoon. She serves as the primary combatant for the Lagoon Company. Born in Chinatown, Manhattan, near Mott Street, she is a Chinese American with a criminal past. Flashbacks suggest she developed her firearms proficiency through informal practice, including shooting at cans, and may have killed her abusive father as a teenager. The CIA notes she remains infamous with the NYPD, particularly the fictional 27th Precinct.

Physical abuse
Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include physical assault or physical violence, and may also include sexual abuse. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser, and more than one victim.
Didier Menard
Didier Menard (born 26 September 1972) is an American retired-born Haitian football goalkeeper.

Born in New York, his parents split when he was a year old. His mother moved to Orlando, but for a time Menard was raised by other relatives in Montreal. Moving back to Orlando, Menard made his way into the local team Cocoa Expos.

In 1995, Norwegian team Tromsø IL saw their goalkeeper and team captain Tor Andre Grenersen sustain an injury. Menard was signed on a short-term basis to compete with Tromsø's then-reserve goalkeeper Thomas Tøllefsen. Menard made his Tromsø debut in the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup as a 55th-minute substitute for Tøllefsen away against FC Universitatea Cluj. He was the first black goalkeeper in Norwegian top-flight football. However, Grenersen returned from injury before Menard got to play any league games, and Menard was sent back to the US.

In 1999 and 2000 Menard represented Haiti and won 7 international caps.

Cocoa Expos
Cocoa Expos was an American soccer team, founded in 1993. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2007, when the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.

The team played its home matches at the Cocoa Municipal Stadium in Cocoa, Florida, approximately 45 miles from Orlando. The team's colors were blue and white.

The team also had a sister organization, the Cocoa Expos Women, which played in the women's USL W-League, but also folded at the end of 2007.
Collateral ligament of interphalangeal joints of hand
The collateral ligaments of interphalangeal joints are ligaments of the interphalangeal joints of the hand. They limit extension at these joints (together with the palmar ligaments).

On each side of the interphalangeal joints of the fingers are diagonally placed fibrous bands. The proximal ends of the bands are near the dorsal phalanges of the hand and the distal ends of the bands are near the palmar margins of the digits.

Phalanx bone
The phalanges (/fəˈlændʒiːz/; sing. phalanx /ˈfælæŋks, ˈfeɪlæŋks/) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates. In primates, the thumbs and big toes have two phalanges while the other digits have three phalanges. The phalanges are classed as long bones.
Zvi Eckstein
Zvi Eckstein (Hebrew: צבי אקשטיין; born April 9, 1949) is a full professor, dean, Arison School of Business and Tiomkin School of Economics at The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya - IDC. Emeritus Professor at the Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University. Head, the Aaron Economic Policy Institute, IDC, Herzliya. University of Pennsylvania, the Wharton School, Finance Department, Judith C. and William G. Bollinger Visiting Professor. Served as deputy governor, Bank of Israel (2006-2011). The Walras-Bowely Lecturer, the Econometric Society, North America Summer Meetings, Pittsburgh, US, June 19, 2008. Fellow of the Econometric Society.

Human capital
Human capital or human assets is a concept used by economists to designate personal attributes considered useful in the production process. It encompasses employee knowledge, skills, know-how, good health, and education. Human capital has a substantial impact on individual earnings. Research indicates that investments in human capital generate high economic returns throughout childhood and young adulthood.

Companies can invest in human capital; for example, through education and training, improving levels of quality and production.
Haig Papazian
Haig Papazian (Armenian: Հայկ Փափազեան, Arabic: هايغ بابازيان) is a Lebanese-Armenian  multidisciplinary artist, composer, and architect born in Beirut and currently based out of New York. He is a founding member and violinist of Lebanese pop band Mashrou' Leila.

Papazian has been featured on the cover of the Middle East edition of Rolling Stone magazine as part of Mashrou' Leila., as well as GQ Middle East, Jdeed Magazine, CitizenK Arabia, and My.Kali the first Jordanian LGBTQ magazine.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Andrej Bagar Theatre
The Andrej Bagar Theatre (Slovak: Divadlo Andreja Bagara) is a theatre located in Nitra, Slovakia. It opened in 1949. The theatre was known as Nitrianske krajové divadlo (Nitra Region Theatre) and Krajové divadlo Nitra (Regional Theatre Nitra) before being named after actor Andrej Bagar in 1979. Various productions from the theatre have been recognised in the annual DOSKY Awards. The director of the theatre from 2001 was Ján Greššo, until being succeeded by Jaroslav Dóczy in 2016.

DOSKY Awards
The DOSKY Awards are presented annually for achievements in Slovak theatre. The awards were founded in 1996. The winners are selected by vote by theatre critics. Recent winners in the principal categories have been as follows.
BT-5
The BT-5 ("Bystrohodnyi tank" or "Fast Tank type 5")  was the second tank in the Soviet BT series of tanks. The BT-5 improved on the previous BT-2, such as a new turret fitted with a 45 mm anti-tank gun that was also used on the T-26 and the BT-5's younger brother, the BT-7. The BT-5 would enter service in 1933, with the Red Army first seeing action with the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War in 1937 until the end of World War II, with between 1884 and 2108 units being produced with production of the tank beginning in March 1933 with production ending in 1935.

Finnish Army
The Finnish Army (Finnish: Maavoimat [ˈmɑːˌʋoi̯mɑt], Swedish: Armén) is the land forces branch of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Finnish Army is divided into six branches: infantry (which includes armoured units), field artillery, anti-aircraft artillery, engineers, signals, and materiel troops. The commander of the Finnish Army as of 1 January 2022 is Lieutenant General Pasi Välimäki.
Mojca Osojnik
Mojca Osojnik (born 29 June 1970) is a Slovene painter and illustrator, best known for her children's books illustrations.

Osojnik was born in Kranj in 1970. She graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Ljubljana in 1997 and obtained her Master's degree in 2001. From 2001 to 2003 she lived and worked in Los Alamos. She has participated at numerous art exhibitions in Slovenia and abroad. She also works as a children's book illustrator, some of which she has also written herself.

In 2003 she won the Levstik Award for her book Hiša, ki bi rada imela sonce (The House That Wanted to Be in the Sun).

Academy of Fine Arts and Design
The Academy of Fine Arts and Design (Slovene: Akademija za likovno umetnost in oblikovanje, also known by the acronym ALUO), is an art academy and institution based in Ljubljana, Slovenia. It is part of the University of Ljubljana.

From 1945 to 1961, Božidar Jakac taught graphic arts at the academy, and also served as a dean three times. The current dean of the academy is prof. Alen Ožbolt.
Pyle House (Huron, South Dakota)
The Pyle House, which has also been known as The Pyle Home, at 376 Idaho Ave., S.E. in Huron, South Dakota, was built in 1894.  It has served as a house museum and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

It is a one-and-a-half-story late Queen Anne-style house, built upon a cut stone foundation.  On a corner lot, it is surrounded by a wrought iron fence added in about 1900.

In 1973, it was deemed to be "one of the finest residential structures in Huron" and among "the best preserved nineteenth century dwellings in the state." It was then still the home of Pyle family descendants of the original owner, John L. Pyle.

Huron, South Dakota
Huron is a city in and the county seat of Beadle County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 14,263 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 14,515 in 2024, making it the eighth-most populous city in South Dakota.