hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The New York Journal of Mathematics
The New York Journal of Mathematics is a peer-reviewed journal focusing on algebra, analysis, geometry and topology. Its editorial board, as of 2018, consists of 17 university-affiliated scholars in addition to the Editor-in-chief. Articles in the New York Journal of Mathematics are published entirely electronically (on the World Wide Web). The journal uses the diamond open access model—that is, its full content is available to anyone via the Internet, without a subscription or fee.

Analysis
Analysis (pl.: analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.

The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analysis, "a breaking-up" or "an untying" from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening"). From it also comes the word's plural, analyses.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to René Descartes (Discourse on the Method), and Galileo Galilei. It has also been ascribed to Isaac Newton, in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name).

The converse of analysis is synthesis: putting the pieces back together again in a new or different whole.
Tshiame
Tshiame is a settlement 12 km west of Harrismith in Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality, Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality in the Free State province of South Africa. It is named after Tshiame Kenneth Mopeli, Chief Minister of the defunct QwaQwa homeland.

The census area includes the QwaQwa industrial sites. The full perimeter of the industrial area is fenced in by modern technology, creating a "see-through wall" of wire mesh standing three metres tall. The fencing-in was done as a security measure, to keep unwanted elements out as a means to curb crime perpetrated in the area.

The settlement borders the N5 national road leading to Durban and the rest of KwaZulu-Natal, and is situated just north of the Sterkfontein Dam, a major water reservoir and the second largest dam by volume in South Africa. The large town of Phuthaditjhaba in the former QwaQwa lies further south of Tshiame.

Rural settlement
The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country, in some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. In some others, rural settlements traditionally do not include towns.

Common types of rural settlements are villages, hamlets, and farms. They may be dispersed.

Traditionally, rural settlements were associated with agriculture. In modern times other types of rural communities have been developed.

The settlement where the occupation of majority of people relate to the local natural resources are called rural settlement for example, (1) settlement of fisheries along a sea coast, (2) settlement of tribal people in a forest area and (3) settlement of farmers along the banks of rivers.

Rural settlements show the reciprocal relationship of human occupance features and environment.
Museum Night (Belgium and the Netherlands)
Museum Night (Dutch: Museumnacht; French: Nuit des musées) is an annual event in several cities in Belgium and the Netherlands. Museums collaborate and people are able to buy one ticket to access all the participating museums in a particular city.

One of the most popular events is Museum Night in Amsterdam, but other events are also held in cities, including:

Almere

Antwerp

Breda

Brussels

The Hague

Delft

Ghent

Leiden

Maastricht

Mons

Ostend

Roermond

Rotterdam

Utrecht

The participating Amsterdam museums are yearly opened on the first Saturday of November from 7 p.m. until 2 a.m. the next day. Besides the normal exhibitions in museums, activities are arranged, like artist performances and free guides. In some events, public transport can be freely used for people who bought a ticket.

Ostend
Ostend (/ɒstˈɛnd/ ost-END; Dutch: Oostende [oːstˈɛndə] ⓘ West Flemish: Ostende; French: Ostende [ɔstɑ̃d] ⓘ; lit. 'East End') is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.
F. A. Zautcke
Frederick A. Zautcke was an American politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1870 and 1876 sessions. A Republican, he represented the 10th District of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Zautcke was born on July 25, 1837, in Prussia.

Republican Party of Wisconsin
The Republican Party of Wisconsin is a conservative and populist political party in Wisconsin and is the Wisconsin affiliate of the United States Republican Party (GOP).  The state party chair is Brian Schimming. The state party is divided into 72 county parties for each of the state's counties, as well as organizations for the state's eight congressional districts. It currently controls the majority of Wisconsin's U.S. House seats, one of its U.S. Senate seats, and has majorites in both houses of the state legislature.
2022 Geneva Open
The 2022 Geneva Open (sponsored by Gonet) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 19th edition of the Geneva Open and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2022 ATP Tour. It took place at the Tennis Club de Genève in Geneva, Switzerland, from May 15 through May 21, 2022.

Sadio Doumbia
Sadio Doumbia (born 12 September 1990) is a French professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 23 achieved on 15 September 2025. Doumbia has won five ATP Tour titles with compatriot Fabien Reboul and 18 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles, 17 of them with Reboul. He also has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 250 achieved on 7 November 2016.
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii, the Laulao catfish, piramutaba or piramuta, is a species of catfish of the family Pimelodidae that is native to Amazon and Orinoco River basins and major rivers of the Guianas and northeastern Brazil.

Pimelodidae
The Pimelodidae, commonly known as the long-whiskered catfishes, are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) native to South America. The family has a wide variety of body plans, and include the largest South American catfish species, the piraíba. Many species, including the piraíba, are locally valued as food, and even more species are of interest to aquaria.
Sole nudo
Sole nudo (Naked Sun) is a 1984 Italian-Brazilian film written and directed by Tonino Cervi.

The film is about Luca Adami who, after troubles at work, escapes from Rome to Rio de Janeiro and is helped by a friend to find a new job there. He has disappointing results, and wants to commit suicide.

In Rio he meets a beautiful girl from the favelas (slums) who takes him to visit the most secret and mystical places of the city. He is also encouraged by an enigmatic waiter and regains the will to live.

The film ends with the two performers dancing on Copacabana beach at dawn.

Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro
Copacabana (/ˌkoʊpəkəˈbænə/ KOH-pə-kə-BAN-ə, US also /-ˈbɑːnə/ -⁠BAH-nə, Brazilian Portuguese: [ˌkɔpakaˈbɐnɐ]) is a Brazilian bairro (neighbourhood) located in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is most prominently known for its 4 km (2.5 mile) balneario beach, which is one of the most famous in the world.
Heroes of Might and Magic: Olden Era
Heroes of Might and Magic: Olden Era is an upcoming turn-based strategy game developed by the game studio Unfrozen and published by Hooded Horse and Ubisoft for Windows. An installment in the Heroes of Might and Magic series, it will contain new role-playing mechanics unseen in previous games of the series. In addition to single-player mode, the game will support multiplayer and co-op, and also contain a map editor. A demo version of the game was published on Steam on October 9, 2025.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Hallelujah the Hills (film)
Hallelujah the Hills is a 1963 American comedy film written, directed and edited by Adolfas Mekas. The picture was his first feature film.

In 1963, after screenings in the Cannes Festival Critics’ section, the Montreal International Film Festival, and the Locarno Festival, where it won the Silver Sail, Hallelujah the Hills made its US debut at the First New York Film Festival at Lincoln Center on September 14, 1963. It received rave reviews and went on to a 15-week engagement at the 5th Avenue Cinema in New York, and movie theaters around the country.  It is available in 16mm and 35mm from Anthology Film Archives and the Museum of Modern Art.

5th Avenue Cinema
The 5th Avenue Cinema is a two-screen, 35-millimeter projection theater at 510 Southwest Hall Street in Portland, Oregon, in the United States, owned by Portland State University (PSU) and operated by the student-managed PSU Film Committee. Each term the committee selects a variety of films, often world cinema or art films, and screening is free to PSU students. The cinema is open to the public for a nominal fee.
Stara Gora pri Velikem Gabru
Stara Gora pri Velikem Gabru (pronounced [ˈstaːɾa ˈɡɔːɾa pɾi ˈʋeːlikɛm ˈɡaːbɾu]) is a small settlement in the hills north of Veliki Gaber in the historical region of Lower Carniola in Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji. The municipality is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Veliki Gaber
Veliki Gaber (pronounced [ˈʋeːliki ˈɡaːbəɾ]; German: Großgaber) is a village in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. It lies just north of the Slovenian A2 motorway east of Ivančna Gorica. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Phototrexate
Phototrexate is a photochromic antifolate drug developed at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology). In particular, it is a photopharmacological agent that behaves as light-regulated inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. Phototrexate is a photoisomerizable structural analogue of the chemotherapy agent methotrexate. It is also an example of "azologization". Pharmacological effects of phototrexate can be switched on and off by UVA and visible light, respectively. Phototrexate is almost inactive in its trans configuration while it behaves as a potent antifolate in its cis configuration. It can also spontaneously self-deactivate in the dark.

Dihydrofolate reductase
Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as an electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in one-carbon transfer chemistry. In humans, the DHFR enzyme is encoded by the DHFR gene. It is found in the q14.1 region of chromosome 5.

There are two structural classes of DHFR, evolutionarily unrelated to each other. The former is usually just called DHFR and is found in bacterial chromosomes and animals. In bacteria, however, antibiotic pressure has caused this class to evolve different patterns of binding diaminoheterocyclic molecules, leading to many "types" named under this class, while mammalian ones remain highly similar. The latter (type II), represented by the plastid-encoded R67, is a tiny enzyme that works by forming a homotetramer.
Chinook Valley, Alberta
Chinook Valley is an unincorporated community in northern Alberta under the jurisdiction of the County of Northern Lights.

It is located along the Mackenzie Highway (Highway 35), approximately 34 kilometres (21 mi) north of the Town of Grimshaw and 52 kilometres (32 mi) south of the Town of Manning.  Its first school was established in 1929.

Mackenzie Highway
The Mackenzie Highway is a Canadian highway in northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories.  It begins as Alberta Highway 2 at Mile Zero in Grimshaw, Alberta. After the first 4.0 km (2.5 mi), it becomes Alberta Highway 35 for the balance of its length through Alberta and then becomes Northwest Territories Highway 1.
Spoetzl Brewery
Spoetzl Brewery (originally Shiner Brewing Association) is a brewery located in Shiner, Texas, United States. It produces a diverse line of Shiner beers, including their flagship Shiner Bock, a dark lager that is now distributed throughout the US.  The brewery is owned by the Gambrinus Company, a family-owned company based in San Antonio, which also owns Trumer Brewery in Berkeley, California.

Märzen
Märzen (German: [ˈmɛʁt͡sn̩] ⓘ) or Märzenbier (German: March beer) is a lager that originated in Bavaria, Germany. It has a medium to full body and may vary in colour from pale through amber to dark brown. It was the beer traditionally served at the Munich Oktoberfest. The geographical indication Oktoberfestbier is protected in the EU and can only be used for Märzen that is brewed in Munich.

In Germany, Oktoberfestbier may also be called Festbier or Wiesnbier.
After Midnight: Kean College, 2/28/80
After Midnight: Kean College, 2/28/80 is a live album by the Jerry Garcia Band. It was recorded in Union Township, Union County, New Jersey, at Kean College on February 28, 1980, and released in 2004.

Some copies of After Midnight included a bonus disc, Way After Midnight, with tracks recorded on February 29 at Calderone Concert Hall in Hempstead, New York and on March 1 at the Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey. The recording is widely considered to be one of the best from the early 1980s that the Jerry Garcia Band played.

Calderone Concert Hall
Calderone Concert Hall was a 2,500-seat music venue located at 145 N Franklin St. in Hempstead, New York, which was popular in the 1970s and 1980s. It was one of the theaters founded by Salvatore Calderone. Many notable bands performed at the venue such as ZZ Top, Aerosmith, Jerry Garcia, Gentle Giant, Strawbs, Kiss, Rainbow, Be-Bop Deluxe and Santana.

Lou Reed performed at this location, when it was known as the Hempstead Theatre, on (Boxing Day) 26 December 1972 during Reed's Transformer tour. A recording of this concert, plus a remote radio interview for WLIR, became the Lou Reed album American Poet.
David Moura
David Moura Pereira da Silva (born 24 August 1987) is a Brazilian judoka. He won a silver medal at the 2017 World Judo Championships, was the gold medalist at the 2015 Pan American Games, the 2015 Pan American Judo Championships and ended 2017 as leader of the world rankings.

He is the nephew of fellow judo champion Luiz Virgilio Castro de Moura.

Ryu Shichinohe
Ryū Shichinohe (七戸　龍, Shichinohe Ryū, born 14 October 1988 in Okinawa) is a male Japanese judoka.

His father, Yasuhiro Shichinohe, is a former Kyokushin karate national champion and his mother is Belgian. In childhood, he practiced both judo and karate, but at the age of 13, he chose to focus only on judo. In 2011, after graduating from Fukuoka University, he was employed by Kyushu Electric Power.

Shichinohe won the silver medal in the heavyweight (+100 kg) division at the 2014 and 2015 World Judo Championships.
Bannai Tarao
Bannai Tarao (多羅尾伴内, Tarao Bannai) is the name of a set of Japanese mysteries (the first, Seven Faces (七つの顔), being made in 1946), featuring a detective of the same name who could take on seven different faces, in turn used as an inspiration to the protagonists of later series 7-Color Mask, Rainbowman, and Cutie Honey. In the film series, Bannai was played by Chiezō Kataoka. He portrayed the character in eleven movies from 1946 until 1960, first for Daiei, then as a contract actor for Toei. After him, Akira Kobayashi portrayed the character in two other movies in 1978. Bannai Tarao was also used as a pseudonym for Japanese musician Eiichi Ohtaki, who is credited on several songs on Japanese rock pioneers Happy End's 1971 album Kazemachi Roman.

Seven Color Mask
Seven Color Mask (七色仮面, Nanairo Kamen) is the name and title character of a tokusatsu TV series, later called New Seven Color Mask (新七色仮面, Shin Nanairo Kamen). It was created by Kōhan Kawauchi, who also created Moonlight Mask. This B&W TV show was the first superhero TV series by Toei Company Ltd. It was broadcast on NET (now TV Asahi) from June 3, 1959, to June 30, 1960, with a total of 57 episodes divided into 7 segments. Aside from being Toei's first TV superhero show, this series was also the debut of actor Sonny Chiba, who was 19 at the time, who took over the title role from Susumu Namijima after Episode 32.
Scaevola oxyclona
Scaevola oxyclona, commonly known as tangled fanflower, is a spiny shrub in the family Goodeniaceae, native to Western Australia. It grows to between 0.1 and 1.5 metres high and produces blue to purple flowers from August to December in its native range. The species was first formally described in 1876 by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in the tenth volume of Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae based on plant material collected at Frasers Range and Mount Benjamin.

Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae
Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae is a series of papers written by the Victorian Government botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in which he published many of his approximately 2000 descriptions of new taxa of Australian plants. It includes the plant genera of Reedia (belonging to the family Cyperaceae), and Acomis (in the daisy family).
The papers were issued in 94 parts between 1858 and 1882 and published in 11 volumes. Though a 12th volume was apparently planned, it was not published. It is the only scientific periodical in Australia that has been completely written in Latin.

One of the illustrators of the series was Ludwig Becker.
Károly Pál
Károly Pál (Serbian Cyrillic: Карољ Пал, romanized: Karolj Pal; born 13 January 1951) is a Serbian politician from the country's Hungarian community. He has served in the Serbian parliament and the Vojvodina provincial assembly and has been the mayor of Mali Iđoš. For most of his political career, Pál has been a member of the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (VMSZ).

Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (Hungarian: Vajdasági Magyar Szövetség, abbr. VMSZ; Serbian: Савез војвођанских Мађара, Savez vojvođanskih Mađara, abbr. SVM) is a regionalist political party in Serbia, representing the Hungarian ethnic minority.
Huxley (surname)
Huxley /ˈhʌksli/ is an English surname, originally given to people from Huxley, Cheshire. Notable people with the surname include:

The British Huxley family: 
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), British biologist, supporter of Charles Darwin and inventor of the term 'agnosticism'
Leonard Huxley (writer) (1860–1933), British writer and editor, son of Thomas Henry
Aldous Huxley (1894–1963), British writer, son of Leonard and author of Brave New World
Sir Julian Huxley (1887–1975), British biologist and author, son of Leonard
Sir Andrew Huxley (1917–2012), British physiologist and biophysicist, son of Leonard
Elspeth Huxley (1907–1997), British writer, granddaughter-in-law of Thomas
Sir Leonard Huxley (physicist) (1902–1988), Australian physicist, second cousin once-removed of Thomas Huxley
Anthony Julian Huxley (1920–1992), British botanist with the standard author abbreviation "Huxley"

Huxley, Cheshire
Huxley is a small rural village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Hargrave and Huxley, in the Cheshire West and Chester district, and ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. In 2001 the parish had a population of 220, increasing to 251 at the 2011 Census. The civil parish was abolished in 2015

It is home to Huxley Primary School.
Miyazaki Airplane
Miyazaki Airplane was an aircraft parts manufacturing company based in Japan's Tochigi Prefecture during World War II. The company owned a factory located in Kanuma, that manufactured parts, including rudders, for the Mitsubishi A6M Zero.  During the war, the firm relocated to Utsunomiya.

Tochigi Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture (栃木県, Tochigi-ken) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 km2 (2,474 sq mi). Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast.

Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama, Tochigi, and Ashikaga. Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu area is known for its onsens, local sake, and ski resorts, the villa of the Imperial Family, and the Nasushiobara station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō, with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Man in Seat Sixty-One
The Man in Seat Sixty-One is a British travel website created, written and maintained by Mark Smith, a former rail industry worker. The website focuses almost exclusively on train-based travel, with occasional ferry recommendations.

The site has won several awards, including "Best Travel Website" in the Guardian & Observer Travel Awards in 2008. The Man in Seat Sixty-One provides information on the best routes, fares and times for journeys from the UK to most of Europe, and for rail travel within most countries in the rest of the world, including exhaustive coverage of the Indian Railways and Russian Railways.

Responsible Travel
Responsible Travel is a British travel agency and publisher. The company sells holidays it says are designed to maximise the benefit and minimise the harm involved in tourism.

Holidays are screened for their compliance with environmental, social and economic criteria with an emphasis on grassroot initiatives and local providers.
1976 Suisse Open Gstaad
The 1976 Suisse Open Gstaad was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Gstaad, Switzerland. It was the 31st edition of the tournament and was held from 4 July through 11 July 1976. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. Raúl Ramírez won the singles title.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.