hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Çatalçam, Dargeçit
Çatalçam (Arabic: دير الصليب; Kurdish: Dersalib; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܕܨܠܝܒܐ, romanized: Dayro da-Ṣlibo, lit. 'Monastery of the Cross') is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dargeçit, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Syriacs and had population of 33 in 2021. It is located on the slope of Mount Eloyo in the historic region of Tur Abdin.

In the village, there are churches of Mor Aḥō, the Holy Cross, Mor Ḥworo, and Mor Barṣawmo.

Barsauma (died 456)
St. Barsauma (died 456) was a Syriac-speaking monk and holy man, a leading opponent of the Council of Chalcedon of 451. He is the subject of a biography in Syriac composed about a century after his death. He is regarded as a saint by the Oriental Orthodox. He is the subject of the Life of Barsauma, which was recently translated. Jacob of Serugh also composed a homily about Barsauma.
Aaron Horkey
Aaron Horkey is an American illustrator from Windom, Minnesota. He has created concert posters for bands such as Boris, Converge, Isis, and the Melvins. First Showing described him as "one of Mondo's most popular and respected artists".

Boris (band)
Boris (ボリス, Borisu) is a Japanese rock band that draws variously from styles such as sludge metal, drone, noise, psychedelia, and minimalism. Formed in 1992 in Tokyo, the band is composed of drummer Atsuo, guitarist/bassist Takeshi, and guitarist/keyboardist Wata. All three members sing. Boris has released more than 20 studio albums on various labels around the world, as well as a variety of live albums, compilations, EPs, singles, and collaborative albums. They have collaborated with acts such as Sunn O))), Merzbow, Keiji Haino, and guitarist Michio Kurihara.
Taryn Rockall
Taryn Rockall (born 11 November 1977) is an Australian soccer player. She played for the NSW Sapphires in the Women's National Soccer League (WNSL), Arsenal in the FA Women's Premier League and later for the Central Coast Mariners in the Australian W-League during the 2008–09 season. She won the Julie Dolan Medal twice, in 2001–02 and 2004–05, as best player in the WNSL.

Women's League Cup
The Women's League Cup, also known as the Subway Women's League Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a league cup competition in English women's association football. The competition was originally open to the eight teams in the FA WSL, but since the WSL's restructuring to two divisions, it has featured 23 teams. Prior to this it was known as the FA WSL Cup. Following the completed takeover by Women's Professional Leagues Limited (WPLL), the cup is now referred to as the Women's League Cup.

Fourteen editions have been played, with Arsenal being the most successful club with seven titles.

Following a successful use of the VAR (Video Assistant Referee) and Goal line technology in the 2023 Womens FA Cup final, they were used for the first time in the competions history in the 2024 final and both have been used in the finals since.
81st Fighter-Bomber Group
The 81st Fighter-Bomber Group (81 FBG) is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 81st Fighter-Bomber Wing at RAF Bentwaters, England. It was inactivated on 8 February 1955.

Aerospace Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command of the United States Air Force, responsible for air defense of the continental United States. It was activated in 1968 and disbanded in 1980. Its predecessor, Air Defense Command, was established in 1946, briefly inactivated in 1950, reactivated in 1951, and then redesignated Aerospace rather than Air in 1968. Its mission was to provide air defense of the Continental United States (CONUS). It directly controlled all active measures, and was tasked to coordinate all passive means of air defense.
Mayapa–Canlubang Cadre Road
Mayapa–Canlubang Cadre Road, also known as Mayapa Road, is a two- to four-lane, tertiary national road, located in Calamba, Laguna in the Philippines. It spans 2.768 kilometers (1.720 mi) stretching from the "Checkpoint" area at the intersection with Manila South Road in barangay Paciano Rizal to Jose Yulo Sr. Avenue and Silangan Industrial Park Road (Doña Cecila Yulo Avenue) in barangay Canlubang. This road adjoins the Canlubang Exit of South Luzon Expressway.

In 2015, the road was reclassified from barangay road to tertiary national road.

Canlubang
Canlubang is a major industrial zone located in the province of Laguna, Philippines. It was once a hacienda during the Spanish colonial period. Canlubang straddles two component cities of Laguna: Cabuyao, Calamba, the municipality of Silang in Cavite, and the city of Tagaytay.

The official political unit with the name Canlubang is a barangay in Calamba, Laguna. It is the largest and most populated barangay in Calamba and the second most populated in Laguna.

Canlubang covers major industrial zones. The Nuvali development of Ayala Land could be found in the barangay and extends to as far as Cabuyao and Santa Rosa, Laguna.

MCDC is the seat government of brgy. Canlubang after Ceris since 2017.
Group 180
Group 180 (Hungarian: 180-as Csoport) was a Hungarian ensemble dedicated to the performance of new music, active from 1978 until 1990.  The group achieved recognition for their performances and recordings of contemporary music in the minimal style.  Group 180's membership included several young Hungarian composers (among them László Melis and Tibor Szemző), whose works formed an important part of the ensemble's repertoire.  This brought the group prominence as one of the preeminent European new music ensembles, and brought international attention to the emerging trend of Hungarian minimalism.

In addition to works by Hungarian composers, Group 180 also performed works by minimal composers from other nations, such as Philip Glass, Roberto Carnevale, Steve Reich and Frederic Rzewski.

Group 180 released several recordings on the Hungaroton label.

Frederic Rzewski
Frederic Anthony Rzewski (/ˈʒɛfski/ ZHEF-skee; April 13, 1938 – June 26, 2021) was an American composer and pianist, considered to be one of the most important American composer-pianists of his time. From 1977 on, he lived primarily in Belgium. His major compositions, which often incorporate social and political themes, include the minimalist Coming Together and the variation set The People United Will Never Be Defeated!, which has been called "a modern classic".
Nagarkar
Nagarkar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kiran Nagarkar (1942–2019), Indian novelist, playwright, film and drama critic and screenwriter

Leela Chitnis (née Nagarkar; 1909–2003), Indian actress

Rajashree Nagarkar, Indian performing artist and actress

Ram Nagarkar (born 1995), Indian actor

Sudeep Nagarkar (born 1988), Indian novelist and fiction writer

Suman Nagarkar, Indian actress

Kiran Nagarkar
Kiran Nagarkar (2 April 1942 – 5 September 2019) was an Indian novelist, playwright and screenwriter. A noted drama and film critic, he was one of the most significant writers of post-colonial India.

Amongst his notable works are Saat Sakkam Trechalis (tr. Seven Sixes Are Forty Three) (1974), Ravan and Eddie (1994), and Cuckold (1997) for which he was awarded the 2001 Sahitya Akademi Award in English by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. His novels written in English have been translated into German. In 2012, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Morocco at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Morocco competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. The country's participation at Sochi marked its sixth appearance at a Winter Olympics since its debut at the 1968 Games; no athlete has ever won any medals. Sochi 2014 marked the first time the Moroccan Olympic team competed in Russia as Morocco and 63 other Western nations took part in the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow due the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The 2014 delegation consisted of two athletes competing in alpine skiing, Adam Lamhamedi and Kenza Tazi, who were accompanied by Adam's brother Sami and four officials. Adam Lamhamedi was also the nation's flag bearer in the Parade of Nations, and at the closing ceremony. Neither skier finished on a medal podium.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Walk with Me (Jamelia album)
Walk with Me is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Jamelia. It was released by Parlophone Records on 25 September 2006 in the United Kingdom. Jamelia was influenced by a variety of musical genres and wanted to reflect that on the album, something she achieved by working with a variety of different producers such as Soulshock & Karlin, Stuart Crichton, Greg Kurstin, Fraser T Smith, and Jimmy Hogarth, among others. Walk with Me debuted and peaked at number 20 on the UK Albums Chart and spawned the singles "Something About You", "Beware of the Dog" and "No More".

Jimmy Hogarth
James Dearness Hogarth (born September 1974) is a London-based producer and songwriter, whose production and writing credits include, Anohni, Amy Winehouse, Sia, Tom Grennan, Paolo Nutini, Duffy, Corinne Bailey Rae, Ren Harvieu, Estelle, Tina Turner, KT Tunstall, James Blunt, James Morrison, James Bay, Maverick Sabre, and Dermot Kennedy.

In 2005, he was introduced to Welsh singer Duffy and went on to contribute four tracks, including the single "Warwick Avenue" to her five million selling debut album Rockferry.

In 2008, he received a Grammy award for his work on the Suzanne Vega album, Beauty & Crime.

Hogarth is a fan of soul music such as Sam Cooke and Aretha Franklin, but admits to listening to heavy rock during his youth.

He lives and works in London with his wife, former Black Box Recorder vocalist Sarah Nixey.
Clostridium beijerinckii
Clostridium beijerinckii is a gram positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Clostridium. It has been isolated from feces and soil. Produces oval to subterminal spores. it is named after Martinus Beijerinck who is a Dutch bacteriologist.

Industrially interesting for its ability to produce butanol, acetone and/or isopropanol at strictly anaerobic conditions at 37 °C using a wide range of substrates including (but not limited to) pentoses, hexoses and starch. Its ability to grow in simple, inexpensive media, stability in regard to strain degeneration, good adaptability to continuous processes and sustained production of solvents well into the log phase are other advantages of this bacterium.

Recent developments have shown it is a possible candidate for efficient hydrogen production.

Bacterial growth
Bacterial growth  is proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutation event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Hence, bacterial growth occurs. Both daughter cells from the division do not necessarily survive. However, if the surviving number exceeds unity on average, the bacterial population undergoes exponential growth. The measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists; the basic means requires bacterial enumeration (cell counting) by direct and individual (microscopic, flow cytometry), direct and bulk (biomass), indirect and individual (colony counting), or indirect and bulk (most probable number, turbidity, nutrient uptake) methods. Models reconcile theory with the measurements.
Towton Novices' Chase
The Towton Novices' Chase is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Wetherby over a distance of about 3 miles (3 miles and 45 yards, or 4,869 metres), and during its running there are nineteen fences to be jumped. The race is for novice chasers, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late January or early February.

The event is named after the village of Towton, which is located several miles to the south of Wetherby. It was first run in 1996, and the inaugural winner, Mr Mulligan, went on to win the following year's Cheltenham Gold Cup.

In April 2023 the British Horseracing Authority announced that the race would be moved to mid-January and run over a reduced distance of two and a half miles.

Towton
Towton /ˈtaʊtən/ is a small village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.

It was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Selby, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
103 Hera
103 Hera is a moderately large main-belt asteroid with an orbital period of 4.44 years. It was discovered by Canadian-American astronomer James Craig Watson on September 7, 1868, and named after Hera, queen and fifth in power of the Olympian gods in Greek mythology. This is a stony S-type asteroid with a silicate surface composition.

Photometric observations made in 2010 at the Organ Mesa Observatory at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and the Hunters Hill Observatory at Ngunnawal, Australian Capital Territory, give a synodic rotation period of 23.740±0.001 h. The bimodal light curve shows a maximum brightness variation of 0.45 ± 0.03 in magnitude.

Measurements made with the IRAS observatory give a diameter of 91.58±4.14 km and a geometric albedo of 0.19±0.02. By comparison, the MIPS photometer on the Spitzer Space Telescope gives a diameter of 88.30±8.51 km and a geometric albedo of 0.20±0.04. When the asteroid was observed occulting a star, the chords showed a diameter of 89.1±1.1 km.

Ngunnawal, Australian Capital Territory
Ngunnawal (/ŋʌnəwəl/) is a suburb in the district of Gungahlin in Canberra, Australia. The suburb is named in tribute to the Ngunnawal people, the original inhabitants of the area. The suburb was gazetted on 24 April 1992. Ngunnawal is adjacent to the suburbs of Nicholls, Casey, Moncrieff, Amaroo and Gungahlin. It is bounded by Gungahlin Drive, Horse Park Drive, Gundaroo Drive and Mirrabei Drive. Ginninderra Creek is situated near Ngunnawal's eastern boundary. The suburb is located approximately 4 km from the Gungahlin Town Centre and about 13 km from the centre of Canberra.
Straszów, Łódź Voivodeship
Straszów [ˈstraʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rozprza, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Rozprza, 14 km (9 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 57 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The population of the village is 305. In 1975-1998 the village was located in the Kielce Province. Straszów is located in the Konecko-Łopuszniański Area of Protected Landscape.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Bob Sredersas
Bob Sredersas (born Bronius Šredersas; 4 December 1910 – 26 May 1982) was a Lithuanian-Australian art collector. Sredersas came to prominence after donating his private art collection of over 100 works to the City of Wollongong. The collection, which included pieces by artists such as Arthur Streeton, Grace Cossington Smith, Margaret Preston and Norman Lindsay, assisted in establishing the Wollongong Art Gallery.

After his death, details of Sredersas's involvement with the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) in Nazi-occupied Lithuania were publicised and have led to questions surrounding his legacy.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
Barzizza
Barzizza is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gasparino Barzizza (c. 1360–c. 1431), Italian grammarian and teacher

Isa Barzizza (1929–2023), Italian actress

Pippo Barzizza (1902–1994), Italian arranger, composer, conductor, and music director

Gasparino Barzizza
Gasparino Barzizza (in French, Gasparin de Bergame; in Latin, Gasparinus Barzizius Bergomensis or Pergamensis) (c. 1360 – 1431) was an Italian grammarian and teacher noted for introducing a new style of epistolary Latin inspired by the works of Cicero.

With Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder, he was influential in the development of humanism at Padua.  As one of the first Italian Humanists, he taught rhetoric, grammar, and moral philosophy with the aim of reviving Latin literature.
Daniel Vasilevski
Daniel Vasilevski (born 4 September 1981) is an Australian footballer who plays for Altona Magic SC in the Victorian State League Division 1.

Vasilevski is renowned for his quality delivery from set-plays and his ability to score spectacular free-kicks.

Victorian State League
The Victorian State League (VSL), known as the VETO Sports State League for sponsorship reasons, is an Australian soccer league based in Victoria. It is administered by Football Victoria, covering the fourth-to-eighth-highest tiers in the Victorian soccer league system (and the fifth-to-ninth-highest nationally).

As of 2026, it consists of seven divisions (separated by two zones, North/West and South/East). Each division would have 24 teams, with 12 in each division. Mazenod FC would withdraw from the VETO State League 1 South/East on the 23rd of January 2026 leaving the State League 1 with only 23 teams. Clubs promoted from VSL 1 enter the Victorian Premier League (VPL). There is no relegation from the State League 7.
Westerleigh
Westerleigh is a clustered village in the civil parish of Westerleigh and Coalpit Heath (which includes Henfield) in the South Gloucestershire district, in the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, England, it contains sources of the Frome and has an endpoint of the Frome Valley Walkway. It is 0.8 miles (1.3 km) north of the M4, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Yate and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Bristol.  In the south it includes a steep hill of its own 5 miles (8.0 km) from the crest of the Cotswold hills which is designated an AONB.

River Frome, Bristol
The Frome /ˈfruːm/, historically the Froom, is a river that rises in Dodington Park, South Gloucestershire and flows southwesterly through Bristol to join the river Avon. It is approximately 20 miles (32 km) long, and the mean flow at Frenchay is 60 cubic feet per second (1.7 m3/s). The name Frome is shared with several other rivers in South West England and means 'fair, fine, brisk'. The river is known locally in east Bristol as the Danny.

As with many urban rivers, the Frome has suffered from pollution, but several stretches run through parks and reserves that sustain a range of wildlife. The river's power was harnessed by many watermills, and the river mouth area was developed as shipyards by the eighteenth century. As the city of Bristol developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, flooding became a major problem, remedied by the construction of storm drains and diversions.
Juaboso-Bia District
Juaboso-Bia District is a former district that was located in Western Region (now currently at Western North Region), Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former Sefwi-Bibiani District Council. However, in August 2004, it was split off into two new districts: Juaboso-Bodi District (capital: Juaboso) and Bia District (capital: Sefwi Essam). The district assembly was located in the northwest part of Western Region and had Juaboso as its capital town.

Western Region (Ghana)
The Western region, located in south Ghana, spreads from the Ivory Coast (Comoé District) in the west to the Central region in the east, includes the capital and large twin city of Sekondi-Takoradi on the coast, coastal Axim, and a hilly inland area including Elubo. It includes Ghana's southernmost location, Cape Three Points, where crude oil was discovered in commercial quantities in June 2007. The region covers an area of 13,842 km2, and had a population of 2,060,585 at the 2021 Census. It has a coastline that stretches from South Ghana's border with the Ivory Coast to the boundary with the Central region on the east.
Gordon Kerr (British Army officer)
Brigadier James Gordon Kerr, OBE, QGM (born c. 1948) is a retired senior British Army officer who served as defence attaché to the British embassy in Beijing and was head of the Force Research Unit in Northern Ireland.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
Cristina Butucea
Cristina Butucea is a French statistician at ENSAE Paris and at the University of Paris-Est, known for her work on non-parametric statistics, density estimation, and deconvolution.

Butucea completed her Ph.D. in 1999 at Pierre and Marie Curie University. Her dissertation, Estimation non-paramétrique adaptative de la densité de probabilité, was supervised by Alexandre Tsybakov.

In 2019, she was chosen to become a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics "for her deep and original contributions to non-parametric statistics, inverse problems, and quantum statistics".

Density estimation
In statistics, probability density estimation or simply density estimation is the construction of an estimate, based on observed data, of an unobservable underlying probability density function.  The unobservable density function is thought of as the density according to which a large population is distributed; the data are usually thought of as a random sample from that population.

A variety of approaches to density estimation are used, including Parzen windows and a range of data clustering techniques, including vector quantization. The most basic form of density estimation is a rescaled histogram.