hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Shearer (lumber merchant)
Andrew Shearer (1864 – February 6, 1944) was a Canadian lumber merchant and amateur ice hockey player. He was the father of Hollywood actresses Norma and Athole Shearer and sound designer and recording director Douglas Shearer, and an older brother of zoologist Cresswell Shearer.

Director of audiography
The director of audiography (DA), within Indian-style filmmaking, known elsewhere as a sound director, is the head of the sound department and the person responsible for planning the audiography  and managing the audiographers of a film.
Highland Peak (California)
Highland Peak is a prominent 10,936-foot-elevation (3,333-meter) mountain summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Alpine County of northern California, United States. It is situated 3.5 miles east of Ebbetts Pass in the Carson-Iceberg Wilderness, on land managed by Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest. Although it ranks as the 680th-highest summit in California, it ranks 36th-highest of those with at least 500 meters of topographic prominence. Also, there is no higher peak than Highland Peak to the north within the Sierra Nevada. Highland Peak has a subsidiary South Peak (10,824 ft; 3,299 m), with one-half mile separation between summits. The Pacific Crest Trail traverses the western foot of this mountain, providing an approach option. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into tributaries of the East Fork Carson River. . Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 2,900 feet (884 meters) above Noble Canyon in 1.6 mile (2.6 km).

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Horsetown, California
Horsetown was a major historical mining town on the Clear Creek in Reading, California in Shasta County. The town was founded as a tent mining town in 1851 after Major Pierson Barton Reading found gold just east of where the town was founded.  Reading's gold find site is called  Reading's Bar after the sandbar on Clear Creek. The small mining town was first called Clear Creek Diggings in 1851, it was founded on Clear Creek Road and Clear Creek. As the town grew it was given the name  One Horse Town and then it was changed to Horsetown. The gold found here starting a California Gold Rush in the surrounding area.

Redding, California
Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County, California, and the economic and cultural capital of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Redding lies along the Sacramento River, 162 miles (261 km) north of Sacramento, and 120 miles (190 km) south of California's northern border with Oregon. Its population was 93,611 at the 2020 census.
William Martin (Scottish politician)
William Henry Porteous Martin (15 June 1886 – 9 January 1939) was a Scottish Labour Party politician. He was member of parliament (MP) for Dunbartonshire from 1923 to 1924.

Martin was unsuccessful candidate in the Dunbartonshire constituency at the 1918 and 1922 general elections, losing only narrowly in the latter contest, before winning the seat at the 1923 general election. He was defeated in 1924 by the Unionist candidate David Fleming, and when Fleming resigned from the House of Commons in 1926, Martin was the Labour candidate at the resulting by-election. The seat was held by the Unionists.

At the 1929 general election, Martin stood in Aberdeen South, a Unionist safe seat where he lost by a wide margin. His last electoral contest was in Glasgow Central at the 1931 election, where he was defeated by almost two to one.

Aberdeen South (UK Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen South is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election.

The seat is currently held by Stephen Flynn of the Scottish National Party since the 2019 general election. Flynn has served as the leader of the SNP in the House of Commons since December 2022.

The constituency was first used in the 1885 general election, but has undergone boundary changes since then. There was also an Aberdeen South Holyrood constituency, a constituency of the Scottish Parliament, created in 1999 with the boundaries of the Westminster constituency at that time. In 2011 the Scottish Parliament constituency of Aberdeen South was abolished and replaced with the Aberdeen South and North Kincardine constituency.
Martin Ulrich Nielsen
Martin Ulrich Nielsen (born 24 July 1973) is a Danish footballer and manager, most recently in charge of BK Søllerød-Vedbæk in the Danish 2nd Division East. He has played nine games for the Danish under-21 national team.

He has previously played for F.C. Copenhagen, FC Midtjylland, AGF Aarhus,  English side Huddersfield Town (on loan), Fremad Amager and BK Søllerød-Vedbæk. In December 1997 he had a trial at English club Sheffield Wednesday who were then in the Premier League, however this didn't lead to a transfer.

FC Midtjylland
Football Club Midtjylland (Danish: [ˈme̝tjyˌlænˀ], "Central Jutland") is a Danish professional football club based in Herning and Ikast in western Jutland. The club is the result of a merger between Ikast FS and Herning Fremad. Midtjylland competes in the Danish Superliga, which they have won four times, most recently in 2024.

Midtjylland is based in the middle part of Jutland. They have had international stars playing for the club, such as Mohamed Zidan and Alexander Sørloth. Midtjylland also has the oldest football academy in Scandinavia . The academy has produced multiple Danish national team players, such as Simon Kjær, Joachim Andersen and Rasmus Kristensen.
Jagannath Chowdhary
Jagannath Chowdhary (1 January 1925 – 31 December 1999) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Ballia constituency of Uttar Pradesh in 1984 as a member of the Indian National Congress defeating Chandra Sekhar.

Chowdhary died in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh on 31 December 1999, a day before his 75th birthday.

Ballia
Ballia is a city with a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The eastern boundary of the city lies at the junction of two major rivers, the Ganges and the Ghaghara. The city is situated 150 km (93 mi) equidistant from Gorakhpur & Varanasi and about 380 km from the state capital Lucknow. Ballia is around 120 km (75 mi) from Patna, Bihar. It is home to a protected area, the Jai Prakash Narayan bird sanctuary.
Abié
Abié is a village in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Yakassé-Mé, Adzopé Department, La Mé Region, Lagunes District.

Abié was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

La Mé
La Mé Region (also known as Massan Region) is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Lagunes District. The seat of the region is Adzopé and the region's population in the 2021 census was 726,665.

La Mé is currently divided into four departments: Adzopé, Akoupé, Alépé, and Yakassé-Attobrou.
Koepsell
Koepsell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Koepsell (born 1969), American author, philosopher, attorney, and educator

John J. Koepsell (1852–1925), American businessman and politician

John J. Koepsell
John J. Koepsell (September 26, 1853 – March 11, 1925) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Koepsell was in the hardware business. In 1889, Koepsell and his family moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin where he started his hardware business: J. J. Koepsell Company. The company also had heating, plumbing, and mill supplies. He also served as an assistant factory inspector during the administration of Wisconsin Governor Robert La Follette, Sr. Koepsell served on the school board and was the board president. In 1917, Koepsell served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. Koepsell died at his home in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.
Harold Hotelling
Harold Hotelling (/ˈhoʊtəlɪŋ/; September 29, 1895 – December 26, 1973) was an American mathematical statistician and an influential economic theorist, known for Hotelling's law, Hotelling's lemma, and Hotelling's rule in economics, as well as Hotelling's T-squared distribution in statistics. He also developed and named the principal component analysis method widely used in finance, statistics and computer science.

He was associate professor of mathematics at Stanford University from 1927 until 1931, a member of the faculty of Columbia University from 1931 until 1946, and a professor of Mathematical Statistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1946 until his death. A street in Chapel Hill bears his name. In 1972, he received the North Carolina Award for contributions to science.

North Carolina Award
The North Carolina Award is the highest civilian award bestowed by the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is awarded in the four fields of science, literature, the fine arts, and public service. Sometimes referred to as the "Nobel Prize of North Carolina", the award has been given to up to nine individuals each year since 1964. The awards, provided for by chapters 140A and 143B of the North Carolina General Statutes, are chosen by the North Carolina Awards Committee appointed by the Governor of North Carolina and supervised by the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.

The award was designed by sculptor Paul Manship and was one of the last commissions he completed before his death.
Karsaa
Karsaa (Arabic: كرسعة)  is a Syrian village located in Kafr Nabl Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Karsaa had a population of 969 in the 2004 census.

All of the village's residents were displaced during the Syrian civil war, either becoming IDPs within the Idlib Governorate or fleeing to Turkey. Since the conflict's end, 156 people have returned to the settlement (as of 8 May 2025).

Kafr Nabl Subdistrict
Kafr Nabl Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية كفرنبل) is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Ma'arrat al-Nu'man District in Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Nabl Subdistrict had a population of 67,460 in the 2004 census.
Jack O'Connell (Australian politician)
Geoffrey John O'Connell (16 June 1903 – 20 April 1972) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Richmond to contractor John O'Connell and Annie McNamara. He was a tanner and publican before entering politics, and joined the Labor Party around 1919. He was the cousin of Jack Cremean and Bert Cremean, both Labor politicians, and on 18 December 1926 married Lillian May Lester, with whom he had four children. He served on Richmond City Council from 1948 to 1972, and was mayor from 1957 to 1958 and from 1964 to 1965. In 1958 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for Melbourne Province. He served until his death in Richmond in 1972.

City of Richmond
The City of Richmond was a local government area about 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 6.12 square kilometres (2.36 sq mi), and existed from 1855 until 1994.
Brisa Beach Party
Brisa Beach Party is an electronic dance music event held annually in Praia do Aterro, Matosinhos, Porto in Portugal by the radio station Nova Era radio station. Already performed on stage names like Tiesto, Bob Sinclar, Erick Morillo, Swedish House Mafia, David Guetta, Alesso, Avicii, Swanky Tunes, Martin Solveig, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Nicky Romero, Afrojack, Martin Garrix, Hardwell among other great DJs. It is the biggest beach party in the world.

Alesso
Alessandro Renato Rodolfo Lindblad (born 7 July 1991), better known by his stage name Alesso (Italian pronunciation: [aˈlɛsso]), is a Swedish DJ and record producer.

He has worked with numerous artists, including Swedish House Mafia, Martin Garrix, Tove Lo, Theo Hutchcraft, OneRepublic, Hailee Steinfeld, Calvin Harris, Katy Perry, Anitta, Usher, Zara Larsson,  David Guetta, Liam Payne, Ty Dolla Sign, TINI, and Stray Kids. He has performed at numerous music festivals, including Coachella, Electric Daisy Carnival, Creamfields, Tomorrowland, and Ultra Music Festival. In 2012, MTV named Alesso one of the "EDM Rookies to Watch" and Madonna, who invited him to open select dates on her MDNA Tour, called Alesso "the next big thing in dance music."

He was ranked 13th on DJ Magazine's 2015 list of the top 100 DJs and number 20th in year 2016 on DJ Magazine among the list of Top 100 DJs in the world. His debut full-length album Forever was released in 2015 by Def Jam Recordings.
Waldron Lavers
James Waldron Lavers (February 1, 1911 – July 4, 1979) was a Canadian politician and judicial clerk. He represented 5th Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1974 to 1978 as a Liberal.

Waldron was born in 1911 in Georgetown, Prince Edward Island. He married Lillian Blanche Walker in 1936. From 1947 to 1974, Lavers worked as a judicial clerk. He also served on Georgetown Town Council, and was deputy mayor.

Lavers entered provincial politics in the 1974 election, defeating Progressive Conservative Lowell Johnston by 108 votes to become councillor for the electoral district of 5th Kings. Lavers was defeated by Johnston when he ran for re-election in 1978.

Lavers died in Charlottetown on July 4, 1979.

Charlottetown
Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, Charlottetown was an unincorporated town until it was incorporated as a city in 1855.

It was the site of the famous Charlottetown Conference in 1864, the first gathering of Canadian and Maritime statesmen to discuss the proposed Maritime Union. This conference led, instead, to the union of British North American colonies in 1867, which was the beginning of the Canadian Confederation. Prince Edward Island, however, did not join Confederation until 1873. From this, the city adopted as its motto Cunabula Foederis, "Birthplace of Confederation".

The population of Charlottetown is estimated to be 40,500 (2022); this forms the centre of a census agglomeration of 83,063 (2021), which is roughly half of the province's population (160,302).
Manganate
In inorganic nomenclature, a manganate is any negatively charged molecular entity with manganese as the central atom. However, the name is usually used to refer to the tetraoxidomanganate(2−) anion, MnO2−4, also known as manganate(VI) because it contains manganese in the +6 oxidation state. Manganates are the only known manganese(VI) compounds.

Other manganates include hypomanganate or manganate(V), MnO3−4, permanganate or manganate(VII), MnO−4, and the dimanganate or dimanganate(III) Mn2O6−6.

A manganate(IV) anion MnO4−4 has been prepared by radiolysis of dilute solutions of permanganate. It is mononuclear in dilute solution, and shows a strong absorption in the ultraviolet and a weaker absorption at 650 nm.

IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (which is informally called the Red Book). Ideally, every inorganic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous formula can be determined.  There is also an IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry.
1970 Australian Open – Men's singles
Arthur Ashe defeated Dick Crealy in the final, 6–4, 9–7, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1970 Australian Open. It was his second major singles title.

Rod Laver was the reigning champion, but chose not to compete this year. The first round was best-of-three sets, and the rest of the tournament was best-of-five.

Dick Crealy
Richard Crealy  (born 18 September 1944) is an Australian former tennis player most notable for reaching the final of the Australian Open in 1970, being a member of the 1970 Australian Davis Cup Team, and winning four Grand Slam titles in doubles.
Bernalillo County Metropolitan Court
The Bernalillo County Metropolitan Court is the Judicial system of the metropolitan areas of Albuquerque, New Mexico and Bernalillo County, New Mexico, U.S. The Metropolitan Courthouse is located in Downtown Albuquerque.

Downtown Albuquerque
Downtown Albuquerque is the central business district of Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States. It is where a significant number of the city's highrise buildings are located, and is the center of government and business for the Greater Albuquerque metropolitan region.

Downtown is roughly defined as the central area bordered by Marble Avenue to the North, Coal Avenue to the South, Seventh and Tenth Streets to the West, and the Amtrak and New Mexico Rail Runner Express railroad tracks to the East. The area on the east side of the railroad tracks is known as East Downtown or EDo. The downtown area can be easily accessed by several freeway exits from Interstate 25 and Interstate 40, which border the adjacent neighborhoods of EDo and Wells Park, respectively.
Coronation of Pope Paul VI
Paul VI was crowned as Pope on 30 June 1963 at Vatican City's St. Peter's Square, nine days after he was elected. The representatives of over 90 countries and international organizations were present at the coronation. The Pope was crowned with a jewelled, but lightweight custom-made tiara. The centuries-old practice of inaugurating a papacy with a papal coronation lapsed thereafter, as his successors, beginning with John Paul I, adopted simpler ceremonies that did not include the imposition of a tiara.

St. Peter's Square
St. Peter's Square (Latin: Forum Sancti Petri, Italian: Piazza San Pietro [ˈpjattsa sam ˈpjɛːtro]) is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood (rione) of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider the first Pope.

At the centre of the square is the Vatican obelisk, an ancient Egyptian obelisk erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later, including the massive Tuscan colonnades, four columns deep, which embrace visitors in "the maternal arms of Mother Church". A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.
Alexandre-Achille Souques
Alexandre-Achille Cyprien Souques (6 February 1860 – 24 December 1944) was a French neurologist born in Comprégnac in the département Aveyron.

Souques studied medicine in Paris, where in 1886 he became an interne and in 1891 earned his medical doctorate. Afterwards he worked as médecin des hôpitaux (Hospice de la Salpêtrière), and in 1918 became a member of the Académie de Médecine. With Joseph Babinski (1857-1932) and others, he was a founding member of the Societé de Neurologie de Paris.

He is remembered for his extensive research of Parkinsonism, and in a 1921 treatise titled Rapport sur les syndromes parkinsoniens, he documented the importance of encephalitis lethargica as a cause of Parkinsonism. With his mentor Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893), he described the eponymous "Souques-Charcot geroderma", a condition that is a variant of Hutchinson–Gilford disease. Souques is also credited with introducing the term "camptocormia" to describe an abnormal forward-flexed posture.

Parkinsonism
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability.

Both hypokinetic features (bradykinesia and akinesia) and hyperkinetic features (cogwheel rigidity and tremors at rest) are displayed in parkinsonism. These are the four motor signs that are found in Parkinson's disease (PD) – after which Parkinsonism is named – and in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and many other conditions.

This set of signs occurs in a wide range of conditions and may have many causes, including neurodegenerative conditions, drugs, toxins, metabolic diseases, and neurological conditions other than Parkinson's disease.
Expulsion of Warsaw population
The expulsion of Warsaw population was the mass displacement of residents of Warsaw and its suburbs, carried out by the German occupiers during and immediately after the Warsaw Uprising.

Between August and October 1944, German military and police units expelled almost 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 residents of the surrounding towns from their homes. The large majority of those expelled were sent to transit camps on the outskirts of Warsaw, mainly to Dulag 121 in Pruszków. From there, nearly 150,000 people were transported to forced labor camps deep within the Third Reich or to German concentration camps. The remaining displaced persons – mostly elderly people, women, and children – were resettled to the western districts of the General Government and left there without any means of subsistence.

Grzegórzki, Kraków (district)
District II Grzegórzki (Polish: Dzielnica II Grzegórzki) is a district of the city of Kraków, Poland located in the central part of the city. The name Grzegórzki comes from a village of same name that is now a part of the district.

According to the Central Statistical Office data, the district's area is 5.85 square kilometres (2.26 square miles) and 28 960 people inhabit Grzegórzki.
Steven J. Durham
Steven Jackson Durham is an American education commissioner. A Republican, he has served as chairman of the State Board of Education for Colorado's 5th congressional district since 2014.

He graduated from University of Northern Colorado. He was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Republican in 1974, being re-elected in 1976 and 1979. In 1980 he was elected to the Colorado Senate, and in 1981 appointed a Regional Administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency. He left the post in 1983.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.