hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puccinia kuehnii
Puccinia kuehnii is a plant pathogen that causes orange rust disease of sugarcane. Orange rust was first discovered in India in 1914, but the first case of huge economical damage in sugarcane was registered in Australia in 2001. The first case in United States was in 2007 in Florida and has so far been the only state in the United States where sugarcane has been affected by this kind of rust.  In order to treat the infected sugarcane at least three rounds of fungicide must be applied to the plant, costing growers $40 million a year.  Currently scientists at the Agricultural Research Service are genetically analyzing the fungus that causes orange rust in order to help combat the problem.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Estevia
Estevia is a genus of fossil formicine ants containg two species known from Fushun amber. It was originally described in 2002 by Chinese paleoentomologist Youchong Hong (zh:洪友崇) as Wilsonia, an honorific of biologist E. O. Wilson, however entomologist Brian Fisher found that the name was a junior secondary homonym of the bird genus Wilsonia described in 1838 and designated Estevia as a replacement name in 2026 in honor of Brazilian myrmecologist Flávia Esteves.

Brian Fisher (entomologist)
Brian L. Fisher (born 1964 or 1965) is an American entomologist who works on the systematics of arthropods, with a particular focus on ants. He has discovered over 1000 species, including 900 species of ants in Madagascar. He mainly conducts field work in Madagascar and Africa.
Quartz Mountain, Oregon
Quartz Mountain is an unincorporated community in Lake County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It lies in the Fremont–Winema National Forest along Oregon Route 140 between Bly and Lakeview. Quartz Creek, a tributary of Drews Creek, which feeds Goose Lake, flows through the community.

Quartz Mountain is also the name of a ridge crossed by Route 140 at this point, about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Lakeview. The mountain, the community, the creek, Quartz Mountain Pass, and Quartz Valley are named after a ledge of quartz in this ridge. Quartz Mountain Pass is the highest point along Route 140.

In 1930, a post office named Quartz Mountain was established along the highway near the pass. Vera A. Real was its first and only postmaster. The post office closed in 1943, and thereafter the Quartz Mountain mail went instead to Lakeview.

Lakeview, Oregon
Lakeview is a city in Lake County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,418 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Lake County. The city bills itself as the "Tallest Town in Oregon" because of its elevation, 4,757 feet (1,450 m) above sea level. Lakeview is situated in the Goose Lake Valley at the foot of the Warner Mountains and at the edge of Oregon's high desert country. Its economy is based on agriculture, lumber production, and government activities. In addition, tourism is an increasingly important part of the city's economy. Oregon's Outback Scenic Byway passes through Lakeview.
Sild (surname)
Sild is an Estonian language surname meaning "bridge".

As of 1 January 2021, 524 men and 544 women in Estonia have the surname Sild. Sild is ranked the 65th most common surname for men in Estonia and 61st for women. The surname Sild is most common in Viljandi County, where 21.55 per 10,000 inhabitants of the county bear the surname.

Notable people bearing the surname Sild include:

Arno Sild (born 1947), politician

Eili Sild (born 1942), actress

Heino Sild (1944–2009), shot putter

Lauri Sild (born 1990), orienteer

Sixten Sild (born 1964), orienteer

Timo Sild (born 1988), orienteer

Arno Sild
Arno Sild (born 26 April 1947 in Rammuka, Võru County) is an Estonian politician. He has been member of XIII Riigikogu.

In 1971 he graduated from University of Tartu in law.

Since 1992 he has been a member of several agrarian or conservative parties, including Estonian Conservative People's Party.
Erik Estrada
Henry Enrique Estrada (born March 16, 1949) is an American actor. He is widely known for his co-starring lead role as California Highway Patrol officer Francis (Frank) Llewelyn "Ponch" Poncherello in the police drama television series CHiPs, which aired from 1977 to 1983. He later became known for his work in Spanish telenovelas, his appearances in reality television shows and infomercials, and as a regular voice on the series Sealab 2021, on Adult Swim.

Pekin, Illinois
Pekin (/ˈpiːkɪn/ PEE-kin) is located in, and is the county seat of, Tazewell County, Illinois, United States. It is located along the Illinois River in Central Illinois. The population was 31,731 at the 2020 census. Pekin is the largest city in Tazewell County and the second-most populous city in the Peoria metropolitan area. A small portion of the city limits extend into Peoria County.

Mineral Springs Park in Pekin is located near Pekin Hospital and the Miller Senior Center. The city is home to a high-rise residential facility operated by the United Auto Workers; the Federal Correctional Institution, Pekin; and the headquarters of the regional insurance provider Pekin Insurance.
Wessex (ward)
Wessex was an electoral ward of South Somerset District Council in Somerset, England. It was one of the wards that made up the parliamentary constituency of Somerton and Frome.

Wessex covered an area of 3,800 hectares (9,400 acres) and in 2011 a population of 5,402 was recorded.

The small town of Somerton was the main settlement in the ward, which also included Compton Dundon.

The ward was represented by two councillors; in the 2015 South Somerset District Council election one Conservative Party candidate and one Liberal Democrat candidate were elected.

2015 South Somerset District Council election
The 2015 South Somerset District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of South Somerset District Council in Somerset, England. This was on the same day as the general election, and other local elections. This election saw 29 Liberal Democrats, 28 Conservatives, and 3 Independents elected to the Council.

The Liberal Democrats had control of the council since 1987 and won the previous election in 2011 with a 2-seat majority.
Juniper Springs
Juniper Springs (referred to locally as "the Springs"), located in the Ocala National Forest east of Ocala, Florida, is a natural spring that forms the headwaters of Juniper Creek that winds its way to Lake George in the Saint Johns River. It is one of the oldest and best known recreation areas.

Ocala, Florida
Ocala (/oʊˈkælə/ oh-KAL-ə) is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Florida, United States. Located in North Central Florida, the city's population was 63,591 as of the 2020 census, up from 56,315 at the 2010 census and making it the 43rd-most populated city in Florida. Ocala is the principal city of the Ocala metropolitan area, which had a population of 375,908 in 2020.

Home to over 400 thoroughbred farms and training centers, Ocala is considered the "Horse Capital of the World". Notable attractions include the Ocala National Forest, Silver Springs State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park, the College of Central Florida, and the World Equestrian Center.
Baron Glenavy
Baron Glenavy, of  Milltown in the County of Dublin, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 26 July 1921 for the noted Irish lawyer and Unionist politician Sir James Campbell, 1st Baronet, who served as Lord Chief Justice of Ireland from 1916 to 1918 and as Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1918 to 1921. He had already been created a baronet in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom in 1917.

Sir James Campbell was succeeded as Baron by his son, Charles Campbell. On the second Baron's death the titles passed to his eldest son, the third Baron, who was known simply as  Patrick Campbell and was a well-known journalist, humorist and television personality. Patrick Campbell died without male issue and was succeeded by his younger brother, the  novelist Michael Mussen Campbell, who never married. On the fourth Baron's death in 1984 the baronetcy and barony became extinct.

Lord Chancellor of Ireland
The Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, commonly known as the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was the highest ranking judicial office in Ireland until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. From 1721 until the end of 1800, it was also the highest political office of the Irish Parliament; the Chancellor was Speaker of the Irish House of Lords. The Lord Chancellor was also Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Ireland. In all three respects, the office mirrored the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.
John William Sinclair
John William Sinclair (September 3, 1879 – March 26, 1958) was a farmer and politician in Ontario, Canada. He represented Bruce in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1934 to 1943 as a Liberal.

The son of Duncan Sinclair and Sarah Ann Linn, he was born in Sullivan township, Grey County. In 1905, he married the daughter of Robert Neil. Sinclair served as reeve or Arran township and was warden for Bruce County in 1924.

Chatsworth, Ontario
Chatsworth is a township municipality in Grey County, in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The township is located at the headwaters of the Styx River, the Saugeen River, the Sauble River, the Bighead River, the Spey River, and the Sydenham River.

The current township was formed in late year 2000 with the amalgamation of Holland Township, Sullivan Township, and the village of Chatsworth. The first white settlers arrived in this area in the early 19th century, and a significant amount of settlement was underway in mid-to-late 1800s.: 1

The Canadian suffragette and activist Nellie McClung was born in the town of Chatsworth.

The Sullivan Township area has a large Amish population.
Death of Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat, who was the President of the Palestinian National Authority and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, died unexpectedly on 11 November 2004, at the age of 75, after a short period of illness. The cause of his death has since been debated, and several different theories concerning it have been suggested. However, official investigations by French and Russian teams did not find evidence of foul play.

Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
The Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, officially the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, is the leader of the Executive Committee (EC) of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the executive body of the PLO, which was established in 1964. The Chairman represents the PLO and the Palestinian people before the international community, including the United Nations. The Chairman is chosen by the members of the PLO EC. Since 29 October 2004, Mahmoud Abbas has been the Chairman of the PLO EC.
Kenya Karasawa
Kenya Karasawa (唐澤 剣也, Karasawa Kenya, born 3 July 1994 in Shibukawa, Gunma Prefecture) is a visually impaired Japanese Paralympic long-distance runner. He represented Japan at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Paralympics.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Nevis Mountain Dew
Nevis Mountain Dew is a 1978 play by American playwright steve carter . Set in the 1950s, it is the second of Carter's Caribbean trilogy. Nevis Mountain Dew explores the subject of euthanasia involving the patriarch of an affluent family who is confined to an iron lung.

Negative pressure ventilator
A negative pressure ventilator (NPV) is a type of mechanical ventilator that stimulates an ill person's breathing by periodically applying negative air pressure to their body to expand and contract the chest cavity.
Jeremiah 52
Jeremiah 52 is the fifty-second (and the last) chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter contains a "historical appendix", matching (with some supplementary material) the account in 2 Kings 24:18–25:30 of the end of national life in Judah, and also serving as a vindication of Jeremiah's message.

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Hørdum stone
The Hørdum stone is a Viking Age picture stone discovered in Hørdum, Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region, Denmark, that depicts a legend from Norse mythology involving the god Thor and Jörmungandr, the Midgard serpent.

North Jutland Region
The North Jutland Region (Danish: Region Nordjylland), or in some official sources, the North Denmark Region, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which abolished the traditional counties (amter) and set up five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. North Jutland Region has 11 municipalities. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favor of the local level and the central government in Copenhagen.
Denver Underground Film Festival
The Denver Underground Film Festival (DUFF) premiered November 21–23, 1997 at The Bug Theater in Denver, Colorado. Since then the visions of hundreds of independent filmmakers from around the world have been showcased, including films by classic experimental and avant-garde filmmakers like Stan Brakhage, Luis Buñuel, Fassbinder, and Man Ray.

Man Ray
Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American-born, French-naturalized visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all.

He was a photography innovator as well as a fashion and portrait photographer, and is noted for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" in reference to himself.
Tourny avenues (Périgueux)
The Tourny avenues (lit. English for Allées de Tourny) are located in the city center of Périgueux, in the French department of Dordogne.

Their history dates back to the 18th century, when Intendant Louis-Urbain Aubert de Tourny created them between 1743 and 1748. In 1909, the monument to the dead of the Dordogne Mobiles was built in its eastern section, which was renamed "esplanade du Souvenir" in 1997. The allées have been classified as a site of picturesque interest since 1950. Since the 1980s, they have hosted a variety of events.

Museum of Art and Archeology of Périgord
The Museum of Art and Archeology of Périgord, often abbreviated MAAP, is a municipal museum located in Périgueux. It is the oldest museum in the Dordogne department and it includes over 2,000 square metres of permanent exhibition.
Roger Shattuck
Roger Whitney Shattuck (August 20, 1923 in Manhattan, New York – December 8, 2005 in Lincoln, Vermont) was an American writer best known for his books on French literature, art, and music of the twentieth century.

French classical music
French classical music began with the sacred music of the Roman Catholic Church, with written records predating the reign of Charlemagne. It includes all of the major genres of sacred and secular, instrumental and vocal music.  French classical styles often have an identifiably national character, ranging from the clarity and precision of the music of the late Renaissance music to the sensitive and emotional Impressionistic styles of the early 20th century. Important French composers include Pérotin, Machaut, Du Fay, Ockeghem, Josquin, Lully, Charpentier, Couperin, Rameau, Leclair, Grétry, Méhul, Auber, Berlioz, Alkan, Gounod, Offenbach, Franck, Lalo, Saint-Saëns, Delibes, Bizet, Chabrier, Massenet, Widor, Fauré, d'Indy, Chausson, Debussy, Dukas, Vierne, Duruflé, Satie, Roussel, Hahn, Ravel, Honegger, Milhaud, Poulenc, Auric, Messiaen, Françaix, Dupré, Dutilleux, Xenakis, Boulez, Guillou, Grisey, and Murail.
Lynn Snodgrass
Lynn Snodgrass (née Grenz; born c. 1951) is an American politician who served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 1995 to 2001. A Republican, she was Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives from 1999 to 2001.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
Jungle King Tar-chan
Jungle King Tar-chan (Japanese: ジャングルの王者ターちゃん, Hepburn: Janguru no Ōja Tā-chan) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masaya Tokuhiro. The manga was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from March 1988 to June 1990; midway through serialization, its title was changed to New Jungle King Tar-chan, and continued until April 1995. The overall series' chapters were collected in 27 tankōbon volumes.

The manga was adapted into a 50-episode anime television series produced by Group TAC, broadcast on TV Tokyo between October 1993 and September 1994.

Japanese honorifics
The Japanese language makes use of a system of honorific speech, called keishō (敬称), which includes honorific suffixes and prefixes when talking to, or referring to others in a conversation. Suffixes are often gender-specific at the end of names, while prefixes are attached to the beginning of many nouns. Honorific suffixes also indicate the speaker's level, their relationship, and are often used alongside other components of Japanese honorific speech.

Honorific suffixes are generally used when referring  to the person someone is talking to or third persons, and are not used when referring to oneself. The omission of suffixes indicates that the speaker has known the addressee for a while, or that the listener joined the company or school at the same time or later.
Jebel Serj National Park
The Jebel Serj National Park (Arabic: الحديقة الوطنية بجبل السرج) is a Tunisian national park situated between the delegation of South Siliana in the Siliana Governorate and the delegation of the Oueslatia in the Kairouan Governorate. This park of 6.64 sq mi was established on 29 March 2010 and is managed by the Tunisian Ministry of Agriculture.

Kairouan Governorate
Kairouan Governorate (Tunisian Arabic: ولاية قيروان Wilāyat Qiyrwān; French: Gouvernorat de Kairouan) is one of the twenty-four governorates of Tunisia. It is landlocked and in the centre-east of the country. It covers an area of 6,712 km2 and has a population of 600,803 (2024 census). The capital is Kairouan.  Lowland parts of the province are semi-arid, experiencing in most years light rains in the winter months and scant rainfall in other months but higher parts attract relief precipitation in and around the Djebel Zhagdoud and a large part of the Djebel Serj national parks, in the north-east of the province which are geologically outcrops of the Dorsal Atlas mountains in the province to the north.
Katten (ship)
Katten was a 20-ton yacht (Danish: jagt) of the Dano-Norwegian navy. It was purchased from Scotland in 1605 and was probably only armed with a few guns.

The name is Danish for "Cat"; it was also later known as the Grønlandiske Kat ("Greenland Cat").

The ship was considered fast and nimble and could be used closer to shore than larger vessels.

Katten served as John Knight's ship during the 1605 Hans Køning expedition to Greenland and Anders Nolk's during the Lindenov expedition the next year. She was possibly identical with the Greenland Bark recorded as accompanying the Trost on Carsten Richardson's expedition in 1607. All these expeditions had been organized by King Christian IV in order to reestablish contact with the lost Norse settlements on Greenland and then to exploit the silver and gold ore supposedly returned by the first expedition.

It participated in Mogens Ulfeld's fleet in 1610.

Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years and 330 days is the longest of any Scandinavian monarch.

A member of the House of Oldenburg, Christian began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway in 1596 at the age of 19. He is remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious, and proactive Danish-Norwegian kings, having initiated many reforms and projects. Christian IV obtained for his kingdoms a level of stability and wealth that was virtually unmatched elsewhere in Europe. He engaged Denmark-Norway in numerous wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, undermined the Danish economy, and cost Denmark-Norway some of its conquered territories.
He rebuilt and renamed the Norwegian capital Oslo as Christiania after himself, a name used until 1925.