hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1973 in video games
The year 1973 saw a substantial increase in the number of video games created and distributed. In coin-operated games, a craze for Pong-style games ignited the first fad for video games both in the United States and other countries such as Japan and the United Kingdom. Time-sharing networks saw greater proliferation of popular programs through type-in listings. The PLATO system located at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign played host to some of the earliest massively multiplayer games.

Time-sharing
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time. This quick switch between tasks or users gives the illusion of simultaneous execution. It enables multi-tasking by a single user or enables multiple-user sessions.

Developed during the 1960s, its emergence as the prominent model of computing in the 1970s represented a major technological shift in the history of computing. By allowing many users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications.
Solapur South
Solapur South Taluka is one of the 11 tehsils of Solapur District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. This tehsil is located in the southeastern side of district and is bordered by Osmanabad District to the northeast, North Solapur and Mohol Taluka to the north, Akkalkot Taluka to the southeast, Karnataka's Kalaburagi district to the south, and Mangalvedhe Taluka to the west. The tehsil headquarters is located at Solapur, which is also the district headquarters and its largest city. Mandrup, Kumbhari, Valasang, Musti and Boramani are the biggest villages in south Solapur.

Osmanabad district
Osmanabad district (pronunciation: [usmaːnabaːd̪]) (Transliteration: Usmanabad Jil'hā), officially known as Dharashiv district, is an administrative district in the Marathwada region in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The district headquarter is located at Osmanabad. The District of Osmanabad derives its name from the last ruler of Hyderabad, the 7th Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, of which the region was a part till 1947. This region was earlier part of The Hyderabad State until Independence.This primarily rural district occupies an area of 7,569 km2 (2,922 sq mi) of which 241.4 km2 (93.2 sq mi) is urban and has a population of 1,657,576 of which 16.96% were urban (as of 2011).
Maldivian writing systems
Several Dhivehi scripts have been used by Maldivians during their history. The early Dhivehi scripts fell into the abugida category, while the more recent Thaana has characteristics of both an abugida and a true alphabet. An ancient form of Nagari script, as well as the Arabic and Devanagari scripts, have also been extensively used in the Maldives, but with a more restricted function. Latin was official only during a very brief period of the Islands' history.

The first Dhivehi script likely appeared in association with the expansion of Buddhism throughout South Asia. This was over two millennia ago, in the Mauryan period, during emperor Ashoka's time. Manuscripts used by Maldivian Buddhist monks were probably written in a script that slowly evolved into a characteristic Dhivehi form. Few of those ancient documents have been discovered and the early forms of the Maldivian script are only found etched on a few coral rocks and copper plates.

Ibrahim Nasir
Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan (Arabic: إبراهيم ناصر; Dhivehi: އިބްރާހިމް ނާޞިރު ރަންނަބަނޑޭރި ކިލޭގެފާނު; 2 September 1926 – 22 November 2008), KCMG, NGIV commonly known as Ibrahim Nasir, was a Maldivian politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Maldives from 1957 to 1968 under the monarchy, and later the first President of the Second Republic of Maldives from 1968 to 1978. Nasir served two terms (one term consisting of 5 years), then he decided to retire, even though the People's Majlis voted him in for a third term. Nasir adhered to the non-aligned ideology and was a staunch anti-imperialist. Nasir is remembered as an independence hero for guiding the Maldives to independence from the British Empire, he is also credited for establishing the tourism industry in the Maldives, as well as rapidly modernizing and developing the country and economy.
El Chal, Guatemala
El Chal is a municipality in the Guatemalan department of Petén, located approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of the departmental capital, Flores. Its name may derive from Itzaʼ chal, "shawl", or aj-chal ja, "clear water."

Petén Department
Petén (from the Itz'a, Noj Petén, 'Great Island') is a department of Guatemala. It is geographically the northernmost department of Guatemala, as well as the largest by area –  at 35,854 km2 (13,843 sq mi) it accounts for about one third of Guatemala's area. The capital is Flores. The population at the mid-2018 official estimate was 595,548.
Alexa Wilding
Alexa Wilding (born Alice Wilding, c. 1847 – 25 April 1884) was an English model, one of the favourite models of the Pre-Raphaelite artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti and featuring in some of his finest paintings of the later 1860s and 1870s. She sat for more of his finished works than any other of his more well-known muses, including Elizabeth Siddal, Jane Morris and Fanny Cornforth.

Comparatively little is known about Wilding, while Rossetti's other models, Siddal, Morris and Cornforth, are frequently written about. This is perhaps partly due to the lack of any romantic or sexual connection between the pair, which differentiates Rossetti's relationship with Wilding from those with his other muses.

Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moúsai, [ˈmuː.sai̯]; singular: Μοῦσα, Moúsa, [ˈmuː.sa]; Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses, [ˈmuː.ses]) were the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.

The number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.

In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.
John and Rosetta Lee House
The John and Rosetta Lee House is a private residential structure located at 823 Calhoun Street in the city of Lapeer in Lapeer County, Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 26, 1985.

Lapeer, Michigan
Lapeer (/ləˈpɪər/ lə-PEER) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and is the county seat of Lapeer County. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 9,023. Most of the city was incorporated from land that was formerly in Lapeer Township, though portions were also annexed from Mayfield Township and Elba Township. Lapeer is in central Michigan, east of Flint, on the Flint River.
Köpings IS
Köpings IS (KIS) is a sports club in Köping, Sweden, mostly active with playing bandy, floorball and handball, earlier also soccer. The soccer section merged with Forsby FF in 1990 to form Köpings FF. The club colours are yellow and black. The club was founded in 1910.

The men's bandy team has played several seasons in the Swedish top division.

The club had played in the second-level bandy league in Sweden, Allsvenskan, since the start of the present Allsvenskan in 2007 but was relegated to Division 1 in 2013. The club got promoted to Allsvenskan again for the 2014–15 season.

Allsvenskan (bandy)
Allsvenskan (literally, "The All Swedish") (Swedish: Allsvenskan i bandy) is since the 2007–08 the second highest level of bandy in Sweden and comprises 24 teams in two regional groups. This change was made when Allsvenskan and Elitserien were cancelled and a new top-tier called Elitserien was created.
Kpassagnon Gneto
Kpassagnon Gneto (born 25 January 1971) is an Ivorian footballer. He played in 19 matches for the Ivory Coast national football team from 1991 to 1997. He was also named in Ivory Coast's squad for the 1996 African Cup of Nations tournament.

1996 African Cup of Nations
The 1996 African Cup of Nations, also known as the Coca-Cola 1996 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to 16 teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to 15. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2–0. The tournament was covered in the 2026 documentary series “Class of ‘96: Rise of a Nation”.
Nawish (crater)
Nawish is an impact crater on the dwarf planet Ceres. It is named after the Acoma guardian of the field. The name was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 3 July 2015. It is the namesake of the Nawish Quadrangle.

Nawish is medium in size, at roughly 77 kilometres (48 miles) in diameter. In contrast to most craters, its shape is not circular. This is likely the result of mass wasting processes such as landslides that collapsed sections of the crater wall. As with most craters of its size on Ceres, Nawish has a central peak; its central peak is roughly 20 kilometres (12 miles) wide and 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) tall, and it hosts a central pit that is roughly 8 kilometres (5.0 miles) wide and deeper than Nawish's crater floor by about a kilometer.

Acoma Pueblo
Acoma Pueblo (/ˈækəmə/ AK-ə-mə, Western Keres: Áakʼu) is a Native American pueblo approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the United States.

Four communities make up the village of Acoma Pueblo: Sky City (Old Acoma), Acomita, Anzac, and McCartys. These communities are located near the expansive Albuquerque metropolitan area, which includes several large cities and towns, including neighboring Laguna Pueblo. The Acoma Pueblo tribe is a federally recognized tribal entity, whose historic land of Acoma Pueblo totaled roughly 5,000,000 acres (2,000,000 ha). Today, much of the Acoma community is primarily within the Acoma Indian Reservation. Acoma Pueblo is a National Historic Landmark.

According to the 2010 United States Census, 4,989 people identified as Acoma. The Acoma have continuously occupied the area where Acoma Pueblo is situated for over 2,000 years. Acoma Pueblo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States.
Iowa (steamboat)
The Steamboat Iowa was revered as one of the largest and fastest boats on the Mississippi in the mid 19th century; it is incorporated into the official Seal of Iowa. Built in 1838, the Iowa was the first vessel named for the newly formed Territory of Iowa. It weighed 112 tons, could pull 10 keelboats, and it set the speed record from Galena, Illinois to St. Louis in 1843, making the trip in 44 hours, a record that held until 1849.
The Iowa sank after a collision with the steamboat Declaration on Oct. 1, 1847 while traveling from New Orleans to St. Louis. This liability for this collision was ultimately decided by the U.S. Supreme Court case John Walsh v. Patrick Rogers (54 U.S. 283–1852). However, the Iowa was apparently rebuilt, or a new steamboat was later rechristened Iowa, since similar side-wheeler appeared twice in Barber and Howe's 1865 Loyal West in the Time of Rebellion, and there is reference to the Iowa being used as a troop transport during the Civil War.

Keelboat
A keelboat is a small- to mid-sized recreational sailing yacht. Modern keelboats often have fixed fin keels, and considerable draft, but shoal draft or lifting keel designs exist also.

Keelboats have ballast to help keep the boat upright.

A keelboat has a cabin with accommodation for crew to sleep or cook. Though there can be some overlap, they are generally larger than dinghies, which are not ballasted and don't have cabins.

A keelboat is technically any sailboat with a keel and ballast —as opposed to a dinghy.

World Sailing (formerly the ISAF, formerly the IYRU) usage differentiates keelboats (including the 12-meter class) from generally larger yachts, despite overlap in the sizes of boats in the two classes. The 2025 Offshore Double Handed World Championship will use the Sun Fast 30 One Design.

The Olympic Games used keelboat to describe keeled boats such as the Soling which carries three crew, compared to larger boats such as the 12-metre class.
2000 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 2000 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 35th edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 8 March to 15 March 2000. The race started in Sorrento and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Abraham Olano of the ONCE team.

San Benedetto del Tronto
San Benedetto del Tronto is a city and comune in Marche, Italy. Part of an urban area with 100,000 inhabitants, it is one of the most densely populated areas along the Adriatic Sea coast. It is the most populated city in Province of Ascoli Piceno, with 47,019 (December 2024). Its port is one of the biggest on the Adriatic; it is the most important centre of Riviera of the Palms, with over 8,000 Phoenix canariensis, Washingtonia and P. sylvestris plants. San Benedetto del Tronto's economy depends on tourism, aimed above all at families.
Ice Age 2: The Meltdown (video game)
Ice Age 2: The Meltdown (also known as Ice Age 2 in Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS versions) is a 2006 video game published by Vivendi Universal Games, based on the CGI-animated film of the same name. Unlike its Game Boy Advance-exclusive predecessor, Ice Age, The Meltdown was a multiplatform release, available on Microsoft Windows, all major sixth-generation platforms and both seventh-generation Nintendo platforms, with the Wii port being a launch title in Europe.

Vivendi Games
Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.
Alexander L. Collins
Alexander Lynn Collins (March 17, 1812 – October 31, 1901) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician.  He was an important leader of the Whig Party in the early years of Wisconsin, serving as party chairman, nominee for United States Congress, for United States Senate, and for Governor of Wisconsin.  He also served as a Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge and a member of the University of Wisconsin Board of Regents.  In historical documents, his middle name is sometimes spelled "Linn" and he is sometimes referred to as "A. L. Collins."

Governor of Wisconsin
The governor of Wisconsin is the head of government of Wisconsin and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Wisconsin Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The 46th and current governor is Tony Evers, a Democrat in his second term. He took office on January 7, 2019. He will not seek re-election in the 2026 election.

The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state. Prior to statehood, there were four governors of Wisconsin Territory.
Preamble to the United States Constitution
The Preamble to the United States Constitution, beginning with the words We the People, is a brief introductory statement of the Constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles. Courts have referred to it as reliable evidence of the Founding Fathers' intentions regarding the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped the Constitution would achieve.

The preamble was mainly written by Gouverneur Morris, a Pennsylvania delegate to the 1787 Constitutional Convention held at Independence Hall in Philadelphia.

People
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation.
Isaiah 54
Isaiah 54 is the fifty-fourth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 40-55 are known as "Deutero-Isaiah" and date from the time of the Israelites' exile in Babylon.

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Stoczki-Porąbki
Stoczki-Porąbki [ˈstɔt͡ʂki pɔˈrɔmpki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dłutów, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Dłutów, 14 km (9 mi) south of Pabianice, and 28 km (17 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Pabianice County
Pabianice County (Polish: powiat pabianicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pabianice, which lies 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Konstantynów Łódzki, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Pabianice.

The county covers an area of 490.77 square kilometres (189.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 119,008, out of which the population of Pabianice was 70,445, that of Konstantynów Łódzki 17,564, and the rural population was 30,999.
Millalelmo
Millalelmo or Millarelmo  (died 1570) was a Mapuche military leader in the second great Mapuche rebellion that began in 1561 during the Arauco War.  Probably the toqui of the Arauco region, he commanded the Mapuche army of that area at the siege of Arauco from May 20 to June 30, 1562.

Later in 1563, he led his army to defeat Captain Juan Perez de Zurita at a crossing of the Andalién River near Concepcion. This cut off reinforcements to the city of Concepcion and led to the 1564 Siege of Concepcion in cooperation with the Mapuche forces from north of the Bio Bio River under the vice toqui Loble. In 1566, Millalemo led the attack on the recently rebuilt Cañete. In 1569, he was a leader under Llanganabal in the Battle of Catirai.

He is said to have died in 1570 and ordered his body to be burned, so that he might rise up into the clouds and keep up the war against the dead Spaniards whom he expected to find there.

Biobío River
The Biobío River (also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest river in Chile. It originates at Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 kilometres (236 mi) to the Gulf of Arauco (in Spanish) on the Pacific Ocean.

The major tributaries of the river are the Malleco and  the Laja. The river is Chile's second-longest river (the longest being the Loa River) and the Biobío basin is Chile's third largest watershed, after the Loa and Baker basins. The river is also the widest river in Chile, with an average width of 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). In the Metropolitan area of Concepción, four bridges cross the river: Biobío Railroad Bridge (1889), Juan Pablo II Bridge (1973), Llacolén Bridge (2000) and Bicentennial Bridge (2010).
Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani
Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani is a Pakistani Islamic scholar, who is currently serving as the chancellor of Darul Uloom Haqqania, a post he has held since November 2018 after the death of his brother Sami-ul-Haq.

He has also been serving as the vice-president of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan, since 8 April 2009.

He is the son of Abdul Haq Akorwi, uncle of Hamid Ul Haq Haqqani and great uncle of Abdul Haq Sani.

Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia
Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia, Pakistan (Urdu: وفاق المدارس العربیہ lit. 'Federation of Madaris') is the largest federation of Islamic seminaries in Pakistan, founded in 1959. More than 10,000 seminaries and 23,000 madaris across Pakistan are affiliated with the federation. It controls all the seminaries which are run by Deobandi School of thought.

Taqi Usmani has been appointed the new president on 19 September 2021 after the death of the former president, Abdur Razzaq Iskander.

Qari Muhammad Hanif Jalandhari is general secretary of the federation. The head office of the federation is situated in Multan.
Michigan-Ontario Collegiate Conference
The Michigan-Ontario Collegiate Conference (MOCC) was an intercollegiate athletic conference that existed from 1930 to 1942. The league had members in the states of Michigan and Ohio as well as the Canadian province of Ontario. Calvin College (now known as Calvin University) of Grand Rapids, Michigan and Ferris Institute (now known as Ferris State University) of Big Rapids, Michigan joined the conference in late 1936 in time for the basketball season that winter.

Big Rapids, Michigan
Big Rapids is a city and the seat of government of Mecosta County, Michigan, United States. The population was 7,727 at the 2020 census, down from 10,601 in 2010. The city is surrounded by Big Rapids Charter Township but they are completely separate jurisdictions. Big Rapids is home of the main campus of Ferris State University, a four-year public university.