hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German-Canadian history in British Columbia
German-Canadian history in British Columbia began with the onset of the Fraser Gold Rush in 1858, when Germans, Austrians, Swiss Germans and other German-ethnic men arrived in British Columbia en masse as part of the migration to the new Colony of British Columbia from the California goldfields.  Many notable figures in that gold rush and the subsequent Cariboo Gold Rush and other British Columbia gold rushes, with many staying on and settling, including many who founded ranches such as the Richter Ranch between Oliver and Keremeos.  Like the rest of the province, Greater Vancouver has had historic immigration from Germany.

Many from southwest Germany arrived in the newly settled Vancouver. Some were in the middle class, and some worked as shopkeepers and craftspersons. A wave of post-World War II immigration also came from Germany. There were about 8,000 ethnic Germans born outside Canada who resided in Vancouver in 1960.

Keremeos
Keremeos (/kɛrəˈmiːəs/) is a village in British Columbia, Canada. The name originated from the Similkameen dialect of the Okanagan language word "Keremeyeus" meaning "creek which cuts its way through the flats" referring to Keremeos Creek which flows down from the Upper Benchlands to the Similkameen River that flows past the village.
Dangojeon
The Dangojeon (Korean: 당오전; Hanja: 當五錢) refers to the 5 mun denomination of the Sangpyeong Tongbo (常平通寶) Korean cash coins introduced in February 1883 following the disastrous introduction of the earlier Dangbaekjeon (當百錢) two decades earlier. The Dangojeon had a nominal value (or face value) that was five times higher than that of the regular yeopjeon, but its purchasing power was just twice as high, like the previous series of high denomination Sangpyeong Tongbo cash coins, this would prove to be a major cause of inflation and disrupted the Korean economy.

It was cast in order to pay for the expenditures of the state, the casting of the dangojeon was led by the German adviser Paul Georg von Möllendorff. These cash coins would remain in circulation until July 1894.

Bank of Korea
The Bank of Korea (BOK; Korean: 한국은행) is the central bank of South Korea and issuer of South Korean won. It was established on 12 June 1950 in Seoul, South Korea.

The bank's primary purpose is price stability. For that, the bank targets inflation. The 2016–18 target is consumer price inflation of 2.0%.
Pectineal ligament
The pectineal ligament, sometimes known as the inguinal ligament of Cooper, is an extension of the lacunar ligament. It runs on the pectineal line of the pubic bone. The pectineal ligament is the posterior border of the femoral ring.

Pubis
In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone (Latin: os pubis) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone. The pubis is the most forward-facing (ventral and anterior) of the three bones that make up the hip bone. The left and right pubic bones are each made up of three sections; a superior ramus, an inferior ramus, and a body.
Outline of the Middle Ages
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Middle Ages:

Middle Ages – periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the early modern era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: classic, medieval and modern.

Medieval poetry
Poetry took numerous forms in medieval Europe, for example, lyric and epic poetry.  The troubadours, trouvères, and the minnesänger are known for composing their lyric poetry about courtly love usually accompanied by an instrument.

Among the most famous of secular poetry is Carmina Burana, a manuscript collection of 254 poems. Twenty-four poems of Carmina Burana were later set to music by German composer Carl Orff in 1936.
Gudugudu
Gudugudu is a traditional drum used by the Yoruba ethnic group of Nigeria.  The gudugudu is a time keeping drum for the dundun family of drums that are said to mimic speech. It is designed to produce a sharp and loud beat that all the other drummers can hear and keep in time with. The gudugudu player, in turn, takes his cues from the master drummer who plays a large talking drum, or dun-dun. It can be seen and experienced in modern sekere, fuji, apala and possibly juju cultural performances.

Juju
Juju (also styled or romanized as ju-ju) is a spiritual belief system and group of associated practices incorporating the use of ritual  objects, such as amulets and spells, affiliated with religious observances in central West Africa, namely by the people of Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Cameroon and Ghana. The term has been applied to traditional Western African religions, which incorporated the use of objects such as amulets, and spells into spiritual practices. In a general sense, the term "juju" can be used to refer to magical properties dealing with luck, whether good or bad. The name is also associated with the music genre, Jùjú as well as a slang term for the energy of something or someone.
Coolie (1997 film)
Coolie (Bengali: কুলি, 'Porter') is a 1997 Bangladeshi Dhallywood action comedy film, directed by Montazur Rahman Akbar and written by Abdullah Zahir Babu. AK Siddique produced the films under the banner of Flamingo Movies. The film stars Omar Sani and Sadika Parvin Popy in the leading roles with supporting roles played by Amin Khan, Dildar, Humayun Faridi, Dolly Johur and more. The film actress Sadika Parvin Popy started her career with the film. It was a remake of the 1993 Tamil film Chinna Mappillai.

Dildar (actor)
Dildar (13 January 1945 – 13 July 2003) was a Bangladeshi actor from the Chandpur district. He debuted in Bengali cinema in 1975 in the film Keno Amon Hoy. He was awarded Best Actor in a Comedy Role in 28th Bangladesh National Film Awards in 2003 for his role in the film Tumi Sudhu Aamar.
Nicholas Kehoe
Nicholas Bernard Kehoe III (May 28, 1943 – December 18, 2022) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force (USAF) who served as a fighter pilot during the Vietnam War. His last active duty assignment was as the Inspector General of the Air Force, Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. After over 34 years of military service, Kehoe continued in public service as the Assistant Inspector General in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). As of March 1, 2003, he became the President and CEO of the Medal of Honor Society.

Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force
The inspector general of the Department of the Air Force is responsible for conducting investigations and inspections as directed by the secretary of the Air Force, chief of staff of the Air Force, and chief of space operations. The position was originally established after World War II as the air inspector, which was carried over from the United States Army Air Forces.  The current mission of the inspector general is prescribed by Title 10 (§ 8020) and Title 32 of the United States Code (§ 105) to develop United States Air Force (USAF) and United States Space Force (USSF) policy to assess readiness, discipline and efficiency with a vision to help shape senior leader decisions affecting the readiness of the USAF and USSF to strengthen the nation's defense.
Rose leaf rosette-associated virus
Rose leaf rosette-associated virus is a +ssRNA closterovirus which causes a unique, unusually dense and small rosette leaf habit on Rosa multiflora Thunb. branches.

DNA analyses of rose samples have not previously found closteroviruses, and thus they were previously thought to be unable to infect all Rosa, making RLRAV the first known.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Percy Kelly (artist)
Robert Percy Kelly (1918–1993, known from 1985 to 1992 as Roberta Penelope Kelly) was an English artist, footballer, postal worker, and cross-dresser from Cumberland. He is known for his drawings and paintings depicting industrial coastal landscapes in decay, which he hoarded during his lifetime. Of his own drawings, he wrote: "They are so important to me I could never sell them".

Cross-dressing
Cross-dressing is the act of wearing clothes traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender. From as early as pre-modern history people have cross-dressed in order to disguise, comfort, entertain, and express themselves.

Socialization establishes social norms among the people of a particular society. With regard to the social aspects of clothing, such standards may reflect guidelines relating to the style, color, or type of clothing that individuals are expected to wear. Such expectations may be delineated according to gender roles. Cross-dressing involves dressing contrary to the prevailing standards (or in some cases, laws) for a person of their gender in their own society.
François-Joseph Fétis
François-Joseph Fétis (French: [fetis]; 25 March 1784 – 26 March 1871) was a Belgian musicologist, critic, teacher and composer. He was among the most influential music intellectuals in continental Europe. His enormous compilation of biographical data in the Biographie universelle des musiciens remains an important source of information today.

Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume
Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist vɥijom]; 7 October 1798 – 19 March 1875) was a French luthier, businessman, inventor and winner of many awards.

He was one of the finest French luthiers of the 19th century and a key figure in the world of violin making. His workshop made more than 3,000 instruments. His vision was the ethics and beauty of the Cremona school.
Wheeler & Runge
Wheeler & Runge was an American architectural partnership based in Charlotte, North Carolina.  The series of partnerships formed by Oliver Duke Wheeler also included Wheeler, Runge & Dickey. and Wheeler & Stern.

Principals included Wheeler, Neil Runge, and D. Anderson Dickey.  The firms formed by Wheeler have been collectively called "one of the most prolific firms in the courthouse business."

Earlier in his career, Wheeler was a partner in Hayden, Wheeler, and Schwend with Luke Hayden (architect) and Louis E. Schwend.

Newland, North Carolina
Newland is a town in and the county seat of Avery County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 715 at the 2020 census. By elevation, Newland is the highest county seat located east of the Mississippi River.
The In-Flight Feature
The In-Flight Feature is John McBain's debut solo effort released in 2006 on Brant Bjork's label Duna Records. The In-Flight Feature was the result of material accumulated over several years that McBain didn't think was suitable for his then current band the Wellwater Conspiracy. It is mainly instrumental with several songs having no vocals at all and is heavily influenced by 1970s space/progressive rock. Guest appearances include Jon Kleiman and Tim Cronin of Monster Magnet.

A Deluxe Edition of the album was released in 2008 featuring three bonus tracks.

Wellwater Conspiracy
Wellwater Conspiracy was an American rock band that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1993. The band was created by members of the grunge-era side project Hater. Wellwater Conspiracy featured Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron and ex-Monster Magnet guitarist John McBain. The band originally featured Soundgarden bassist Ben Shepherd, who left the band in 1998. Various other artists have contributed to the band's albums, notably Queens of the Stone Age front man Josh Homme, Pearl Jam singer Eddie Vedder, and Soundgarden guitarist Kim Thayil.
Duan Dechang
Duan Dechang (Chinese: 段德昌; August 19, 1904 – May 1, 1933) was a member of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. He was born in Nan County, Yiyang, Hunan Province. He joined the Communist Youth League of China in June 1925 and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in September 1925. He participated in the Northern Expedition. Around this time, he met Peng Dehuai. In August 1927, after the beginning of the Chinese Civil War between the CCP and the Kuomintang, Duan participated in the Nanchang Uprising. After its defeat, he went to Gong'an County in Jingzhou, Hubei Province.

In November 1931, he traveled from the Honghu Soviet in Hubei in Ruijin in the Jiangxi Soviet for a conference to coordinate the various Soviets. During the purges carried out by Xia Xi, Duan was one of those who died. He was killed in Badong County, Hubei. After requesting the executioners not to use bullets, he was put to death by the sword.

Nan County
Nan County, or Nanxian (simplified Chinese: 南县; traditional Chinese: 南縣; pinyin: Nán Xiàn; lit. 'south county') is a county in the Province of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yiyang.

Located in the northern margin of the province, the county is bordered to the north by Shishou City of Hubei, to the northeast by Huarong County, to the east by Yueyang County, to the south by Yuanjiang County, to the southwest by Hanshou County and Dingcheng District of Changde City, and to the northwest by Anxiang County. Nan County covers an area of 1,346.62 km2 (519.93 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 683,500 and a permanent resident population of 632,800. The county has 14 towns and 1 township under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Nanzhou (南洲镇).
Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Public Library
Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Public Library (Chinese: 屏山天水圍公共圖書館) is a Hong Kong public library. It is located in Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Leisure and Cultural Building, on 1 Tsui Sing Road, Tin Shui Wai near MTR Tin Shui Wai station and Light Rail Tin Shui Wai stop. It serves the Ping Shan and Tin Shui Wai neighbourhoods, both administratively in the Yuen Long District, the New Territories.

It is managed by the Hong Kong Public Libraries under the Leisure and Cultural Services Department. It has a total floor space of 6,100 square metres (66,000 sq ft), the second largest public library by area in Hong Kong, only behind the Hong Kong Central Library. It is also the first and only library in Hong Kong to date to have outdoor reading areas. There are about 330,000 books within the library's collection.

Light Rail (MTR)
The Light Rail, also known as the Light Rail Transit (LRT) (and formerly known as KCR Light Rail until 2 December 2007), officially the North-West Railway, is a light rail system in Hong Kong, serving the northwestern New Territories, within Tuen Mun District and Yuen Long District. The system operates over 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track, using 750 V DC overhead power supply. It was once one of four systems comprising the KCR network in Hong Kong, before the MTR–KCR merger in 2007. It has a daily ridership of about 483,000 people. The network is coloured goldenrod on the MTR map.
Frank Norris Cabin
The Frank Norris Cabin, also known as Redwood Retreat, was a retreat of the author Frank Norris in the Santa Cruz Mountains near Gilroy, California.  A log cabin, it was only briefly owned by Norris before his untimely death in October 1902.  A circular stone bench, the Frank Norris Memorial, was erected nearby by Fanny Stevenson, a close friend.  It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962 for its association with Norris, whose novels McTeague and The Octopus: A Story of California are major American literary works of the turn of the 20th century.

The Octopus: A Story of California
The Octopus: A Story of California is a 1901 novel by Frank Norris and was the first part of an uncompleted trilogy, The Epic of the Wheat. It describes the wheat industry in California, and the conflicts between wheat growers and a railway company. Norris was inspired to write the novel by the Mussel Slough Tragedy involving the Southern Pacific Railroad. In the novel he depicts the tensions between the railroad, the ranchers and the ranchers' League. The book emphasized the control of "forces", such as the power of railroad monopolies, over individuals. Some editions of the work give the subtitle as A California Story.
Femi D Amele
Amele Adefemi Olubunmi D. (born 14 November 1983), more popularly known as Femi D, is a Nigerian Radio and TV broadcaster, talk show host, web series producer, and political journalist. Frequent topics of discussion on his shows include national policy development, macro-economics, governance, and international affairs. In 2020, he was listed among the top 100 media personalities of the year by YNaija.

2019 Nigerian general election
General elections were held in Nigeria on 23 February 2019 to elect the President, Vice President, House of Representatives and the Senate. The elections had initially been scheduled for 16 February, but the Electoral Commission postponed the vote by a week at 03:00 on the original polling day, citing logistical challenges in getting electoral materials to polling stations on time. In some places, the vote was delayed until 24 February due to electoral violence. Polling in some areas was subsequently delayed until 9 March, when voting was carried out alongside gubernatorial and state assembly elections.

The elections were the most expensive ever held in Nigeria, costing ₦69 billion (US$625 million) more than the 2015 elections.

Incumbent president Muhammadu Buhari won his re-election bid, defeating his closest rival Atiku Abubakar by over 3 million votes. He was issued a Certificate of Return, and was sworn in on 29 May 2019, the former date of Democracy Day.
Phlegraean Islands
The Phlegraean Islands (Italian: Isole Flegree [ˈiːzole fleˈɡrɛːe]; Neapolitan: Isule Flegree) are an archipelago in the Gulf of Naples and the Campania region of southern Italy.

The name is derived from the common affiliation to the geologic area of the Phlegraean Fields.

Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə]; Italian: napoletano) is a Romance language of the Southern Italo-Romance group spoken in most of continental Southern Italy. It is named after the Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected.

While the language group is native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan, napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to the specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania region. The present article mostly deals with this variety, which enjoys a certain degree of prestige and has historically wide written attestations.
James Scarlett-Streatfeild
Air Vice Marshal James Rowland Scarlett-Streatfeild, CBE (17 February 1909 – 10 May 1945) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He was killed in an air crash as he travelled to accept the surrender of German forces in Norway.

RAF Great Dunmow
Royal Air Force Great Dunmow or more simply RAF Great Dunmow is a former Royal Air Force station in the parish of Little Easton, Essex, England. The airfield is located approximately 1.4 miles (2.3 km) mi west of Great Dunmow, north of the A120.

Opened in 1943, it was used by both the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces during the war, primarily as a bomber airfield. The airfield was closed in 1948.

Today the airfield is located on private land primarily used for agriculture.
Disco 2
Disco 2 is the second remix album by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys, released on 12 September 1994 by Parlophone. It consists of remixes of songs from the duo's albums Behaviour (1990) and Very (1993), as well as B-sides from the time.

A "club-ready sequel" to Disco (1986), as well as a "companion of sorts" to the Very/Relentless set of 1993, Disco 2 was released to mixed reviews. It reached number six on the UK Albums Chart.

Behaviour (Pet Shop Boys album)
Behaviour (released as Behavior in the United States) is the fourth studio album by the English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys, released on 22 October 1990 by Parlophone. A Japanese special edition included a bonus mini CD, exclusive artwork and printed lyrics in a white velvet-like box.
Dekernes SC
Dekernes Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي دكرنس للألعاب الرياضية), is an Egyptian football club based in Dekernes, Egypt. The club currently plays in the Egyptian Second Division, the second-highest league in the Egyptian football league system.

Egyptian football league system
The Egyptian football league system refers to the hierarchically interconnected league system (league pyramid) for association football in Egypt. All divisions are bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation. The system consists of five levels, with the top two levels being professional league. Below this, the semi-professional and amateur levels that have progressively more parallel divisions, which each cover progressively smaller geographic areas. Teams that finish at the top of their division at the end of each season can rise higher in the pyramid, while those that finish at the bottom find themselves sinking further down. In theory, it is possible for even the lowest local amateur club to rise to the top of the system and become Egyptian football champions one day. The number of teams promoted and relegated between the divisions varies, and can change from a season and another.
Back River (Saint George River tributary)
The Back River is a tributary of the Saint George River in Knox County, Maine. From its source in Far Meadow (44°02′53″N 69°16′08″W﻿ / ﻿44.0481°N 69.2688°W﻿ / 44.0481; -69.2688﻿ (Back River source)) in Cushing, the river runs 10.7 miles (17.2 km) north, through South and North Ponds, to its confluence with the Saint George in Warren.

Knox County, Maine
Knox County is a county located in the state of Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,607.  Its county seat is Rockland.  The county is named for Revolutionary War general and Secretary of War Henry Knox, who lived in the county from 1795 until his death in 1806. The county was established on April 1, 1860, and is the most recent county to be created in Maine. It was carved from parts of Waldo and Lincoln counties. The Union Fair, started in 1868, began as the efforts of the North Knox Agricultural and Horticultural Society.
The Oban Times
The Oban Times is a local, weekly newspaper, published in Oban, Argyll and Bute on a Thursday. It covers the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland, reporting on issues from the Mull of Kintyre to Kyle of Lochalsh on the mainland, to the Inner and Outer Hebridean Islands with Argyll, and Lochaber as its heartlands.

The Lochaber Times is the Lochaber/Fort William/Highlands and surrounding area edition of The Oban Times.

Mull of Kintyre
The Mull of Kintyre is the southwesternmost tip of the Kintyre Peninsula (formerly Cantyre) in southwest Scotland. From here, the Antrim coast of Northern Ireland is visible on a calm and clear day, and a historic lighthouse, the second commissioned in Scotland, guides shipping in the intervening North Channel. The area has been immortalised in popular culture by the 1977 hit song "Mull of Kintyre" by Kintyre resident Paul McCartney's band of the time, Wings.