hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francesca Stavrakopoulou
Francesca Stavrakopoulou (/ˌstævrækəˈpuːluː/ stav-rack-ə-POO-loo; Greek: Φραντζέσκα Σταυρακοπούλου; born 3 October 1975) is a British biblical scholar and broadcaster. She is currently Professor of Hebrew Bible and Ancient Religion at the University of Exeter. The main focus of her research is on the Hebrew Bible, and on Israelite and Judahite history and religion.

She also popularises biblical historical subjects as a TV presenter on BBC2 and Channel 4. She comments on the historicity of the Bible, the role of women in the Abrahamic religions, and the development of the Biblical texts.

Authorship of the Bible
The books of the Bible represent the culmination of intricate literary processes spanning multiple generations, with numerous unnamed scribes, compilers, and revisers contributing layers of material over extended periods, contrasting sharply with traditional attributions to singular prophetic or apostolic figures.

Contemporary biblical studies reveals how these texts evolved from communal oral performance through sophisticated scribal workshops of the Second Temple era, subsequently transmitted via manuscript copying networks, transformed by print technology, and refined through modern scholarly editions.

Archaeological discoveries including the Dead Sea Scrolls alongside extensive documentation of textual variation, encompassing hundreds of thousands of divergent readings preserved in manuscript collections worldwide, illuminate a dynamic, fluid compositional landscape where discrete literary fragments coalesced into comprehensive biblical books.
Richard Saller
Richard Paul Saller (born October 18, 1952) is an American classicist and academic. He is the former provost of the University of Chicago and the former dean of the School of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford University. He served as interim president of Stanford for eleven months from September 2023 to July 2024.

On July 19, 2023, Stanford University president Marc Tessier-Lavigne announced he would resign. Stanford University's board of trustees appointed Saller to serve as an interim president beginning on September 1.

In October 2023, The Stanford Daily tried to have the board of trustees clarify if Saller was promoted to a full president and be counted as the 12th president and not remain "interim", but the board declined to answer.

The Stanford Daily
The Stanford Daily is the student-run, independent daily newspaper serving Stanford University. The Daily is distributed throughout campus and the surrounding community of Palo Alto, California, United States. It has published since the university was founded in 1892.

The paper publishes weekdays during the academic year. The Daily also published several special issues every year: "The Orientation Issue", "Big Game Issue", and "The Commencement Issue". In the fall of 2008, the paper's offices relocated from the Storke Publications Building to the newly constructed Lorry I. Lokey Stanford Daily Building, near the recently renovated Old Student Union.
Caracciolo (surname)
Caracciolo (Italian pronunciation: [kaˈrattʃolo]) is an Italian surname most associated with the noble House of Carácciolo from the Kingdom of Naples.

Alberto Caracciolo (1918–1994), Argentinian musician

Alessia Caracciolo (born 1996), Canadian musician better known as Alessia Cara

Andrea Caracciolo (born 1981), Italian footballer

Battistello Caracciolo (1578–1635), Italian painter

Fabio Caracciolo (born 1984), Belgian footballer of Italian descent

Francesco Caracciolo (1752–1799), Italian admiral and revolutionist

Franco Caracciolo (1920–1999), Italian conductor

Pasqual or Pasquale Caracciolo (fl. 1566–1608), author of La gloria del cavallo Venice 1566 ("The Glory of the Horse")

Rosa Caracciolo (born 1972), Hungarian model and wife of Italian pornographic actor Rocco Siffredi (Rocco Tano)

Battistello Caracciolo
Giovanni Battista Caracciolo (also called Battistello) (1578–1635) was an Italian artist and important Neapolitan follower of Caravaggio. He was a member of the murderous Cabal of Naples, with Belisario Corenzio and Jusepe de Ribera, who were rumoured to have poisoned and disappeared their competition for painting contracts.
Licciardi
Licciardi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maria Licciardi (born 1951), Italian gangster of the Licciardi clan

Vincenzo Licciardi (born 1965), Italian gangster

Vinny Licciardi, viral protagonist

Maria Licciardi
Maria Licciardi (Italian pronunciation: [maˈriːa litˈtʃardi]; born 24 March 1951) is an Italian criminal affiliated with the Camorra, head of the Licciardi clan, and one of the bosses of the Secondigliano Alliance. She was one of the most powerful bosses of the Camorra in the city of Naples from 1993 until her arrest in 2001.

Licciardi was referred to as La Madrina ("The Godmother") by fellow Camorristi and earned the nickname La Piccolina ("The Little Girl") early on in her criminal career, due to her diminutive height. Among Camorra women she is known respectfully as La Principessa ("The Princess"), due to her good standing.
Ancient Greece and wine
The influence of wine in ancient Greece helped ancient Greece trade with neighboring countries and regions. Many mannerisms and cultural aspects were associated with wine. It led to great change in Ancient Greece as well.

The peoples of the Mediterranean began to emerge from barbarism when they learned to cultivate the olive and the vine.

The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production that they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others, through trade and colonization. Along the way, they markedly influenced the ancient European winemaking cultures of the Celts, Etruscans, Scythians and ultimately the Romans.

Winemaking in Russia
The vast majority of Russia's territory is unsuitable for grape growing, with most of the production concentrated in parts of Krasnodar and Rostov regions, as well as the occupied Ukrainian territory of Crimea.

As of 2017, the Russian market is characterized by the presence of many low-cost products, with a significant part of local wines having a retail price of less than 100 rubles ($1.71). Attempts to shift away from the low-quality reputation of Soviet wines has been moderately successful, though 80% of wines sold in Russia in 2013 were made from grape concentrates.

In 2014 Russia was ranked 11th worldwide by the area of vineyards under cultivation. The Russian wine industry is promoted by local authorities as a healthier alternative to spirits, which have a higher alcohol content.
Ziyuan (book)
The Ziyuan (Chinese: 字苑; pinyin: Zìyuàn; Wade–Giles: Tzu-yüan; lit. 'Character Garden'; or "Essays on Chinese Characters") was a Chinese dictionary attributed to the Eastern Jin Dynasty scholar Ge Hong. The original text was lost, and the small modern Ziyuan recension has 34 headwords, mostly Chinese Buddhist loanword terminology.

The Ziyuan is notable for having the first occurrence of the Chinese borrowing ta (塔; tǎ; t'a; "tower; pagoda"). Feng (2004:205) classifies ta as a "monosyllabic phonemic loanword," and notes:

塔/ta/=浮屠/futu/=浮图/futu/=佛图/futu/=数斗波/shudoupo/=兜婆/doupo/：Buddhist tower: "塔,佛堂也 [The ta is Buddhist tower]" (字苑), "作九层浮图 To build the Buddhist tower with nine levels" (水经注), "塔亦胡言, 犹宗庙也. [ta comes from languages of Hu nationalities, it means tower.]" (魏书). It was borrowed from buddhastupa of Sanskrit. The process of pronunciation change is as follows: Buddhastupa stupa tupa t’ap.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
1977 Soviet Second League, Zone 2
The 1977 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 47th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 2. The season started on 3 April 1977.

The 1977 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by SKA Odessa.

The "Ruby Cup" of Molod Ukrayiny newspaper (for the most scored goals) was received by SKA Odessa.

Molod Ukrayiny
Molod Ukrayiny (Ukrainian: Молодь України) is a Ukrainian newspaper published daily in Kyiv. It is a Ukrainian language newspaper and the Ukrainian analogue of Komsomolskaya Pravda. Until 1934 it was located in Kharkiv. Since the fall of the Soviet Union the newspapers are privately owned.
1964 Montclair State Indians football team
The 1964 Montclair State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Monclair State College (now known as Montclair State University) as an independent during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season and the 1964 NAIA football season. In their fifth year under head coach Jerry Edwards, the Indians compiled a perfect 7–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 130 to 42. It was the third undefeated season in Montclair State history following the 1947 and 1960 seasons.

The team totaled 1,394 yards rushing and 488 yards passing. On defense, they held opponents to 672 rushing yards and 431 passing yards.

The team's statistical leaders included junior halfback Alex Zulewski with 97 carries for 346 rushing yards and 43 points scored; sophomore quarterback Jim Carovillano with 38 for 90 passing for 474 yards, four touchdowns and four interceptions; and junior end Mike Valentino Jr. with seven receptions for 127 yards and one touchdown.

1964 NAIA football season
The 1964 NAIA football season was the ninth season of college football sponsored by the NAIA. The season was played from August to December 1964, culminating in the ninth annual NAIA Football National Championship, played this year at ARC Stadium in Augusta, Georgia.

Concordia (MN) and Sam Houston State played to a 7–7 tie and were declared co-national champions. This was the first NAIA national title for both teams.
Drenica
Drenica (Albanian indefinite form: Drenicë, Serbian Cyrillic: Дреница), also known as the Drenica Valley, is a hilly region in central Kosovo, covering roughly around 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) of Kosovo's total area (6%). It consists of two municipalities, Drenas and Skenderaj, and several villages in Klina, Zubin Potok, Mitrovica and Vushtrri. It is located west of the capital, Pristina.

According to the 2011 Census, the population of the region is 109,389, excluding the surrounding villages. Albanians form the absolute majority of the region.

Klina
Klina (Albanian definite form: Klinë; Serbian Cyrillic: Клина) is a town and municipality located in the District of Peja of north-western Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the town of Klina has 5,542 inhabitants, while the municipality has 38,496 inhabitants. It is located at the confluence of the river Klina into the White Drin. A symbol of Klina are the Mirusha Waterfalls. 
On 25 July 2025 a temperature of 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) was registered in Klina, the highest ever temperature registered in Kosovo.
Linonghin
Linonghin is a village in the Kogho Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso.

On August 11, 1974, Linonghin was the site of Burkina Faso's deadliest airliner crash. An Ilyushin Il-18V of Air Mali that had diverted to Ouagadougou on a flight to Niamey began circling the wrong town and made a forced landing after running out of fuel. 47 of the 60 on board were killed.

Ilyushin Il-18
The Ilyushin Il-18 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the Soviet Union's principal airliners for several decades and was widely exported. Due to the aircraft's durability, many examples achieved over 45,000 flight hours and the type remains operational in both military and to a lesser extent in civilian capacities. The Il-18's successor was the longer-range Ilyushin Il-62.
SS Pennland
SS Pennland was a transatlantic ocean liner that was launched as Pittsburgh in Ireland in 1920 and renamed Pennland in 1926. She had a succession of UK, German and Dutch owners and operators. In 1940 she was converted into a troopship.

In 1941 a Luftwaffe air attack crippled her in the Mediterranean, so her Royal Navy escort sank her by gunfire. She is now a shipwreck in the Saronic Gulf.

Transatlantic crossing
Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America.  Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and lasting transatlantic trade route was established in 1566 with the Spanish West Indies fleets, following the voyages of Christopher Columbus.
Duns Castle nature reserve
Duns Castle nature reserve is a nature reserve near Duns, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the former Berwickshire.

It consists of two man-made lakes, Hen Poo and Mill Dam; apart from the wetland, there are extensive woodland areas.

Places nearby include Abbey St Bathans, Chirnside, Ednam, Fogo, Gavinton, Polwarth, Preston.

Preston, Scottish Borders
Preston is a small village in the ancient county of Berwickshire, now an administrative area of the  Scottish Borders region of Scotland.  It lies within the local Abbey St Bathans, Bonkyl & Preston Community Council area.

The united Parishes of 'Bunkle' and Preston,  situated at the foot of the Lammermuir Hills, are bordered on the north by the Parishes of Abbey St Bathans and Coldingham, on the east by the Parishes of Coldingham and Chirnside, on the south by the Parishes of Edrom and Duns and on the east by the Parishes of Duns and Abbey St. Bathans.
Patteson-Schutte House
The Patteson-Schutte House is a historic house located on the south side of the James River in Richmond, Virginia. It is likely to be one of the earliest extant buildings within the City of Richmond. It was built sometime between 1725 and 1750 by James Patteson, the overseer of a south side plantation owned by Benjamin Schutte, a Richmond planter. William Byrd III, son of William Byrd II, the founder of Richmond sold over 100 acres to Schutte who farmed and sold the produce to local groceries. At the time of the Patteson-Schutte House construction, William Byrd III was living at Westover Plantation in Charles City County. After the great depression, the Schutte family sold off the land and the home and moved to a nearby community. The home had a few owners until it was purchased by the  Historic Richmond Foundation, in March 2006 and sold it in 2011, retaining easements.

Historic Richmond Foundation
Historic Richmond Foundation was founded in 1956 by Elisabeth Scott Bocock, Louise Catterall, Mary Wingfield Scott, Dr. Wyndham B. Blanton, and others in order to save the Church Hill area surrounding St. John's Church. The mission of Historic Richmond is "to shape the future of Richmond by preserving our distinctive historic character, sparking revitalization and championing our important architectural legacy".
Madrid–Asturias high-speed rail line
The Madrid–Asturias high-speed rail line (Spanish language: Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid - Asturias) connects the city of Madrid with the autonomous community of Asturias and was inaugurated on 29 November 2023. The line is built to standard gauge and gauge changers are provided at strategic points to allow interchange with older Spanish railways which were built to Iberian gauge.

Iberian-gauge railway
Iberian gauge (Spanish: ancho ibérico, trocha ibérica, Portuguese: bitola ibérica) is a track gauge of 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), most extensively used by the railways of Spain and Portugal. A broad gauge, it is the second-widest gauge in regular use anywhere in the world, with only Indian gauge railways, 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), being wider (by 8 mm (5⁄16 in)).

As finally established in 1955, the Iberian gauge is a compromise between the similar, but slightly different, gauges adopted as respective national standards in Spain and Portugal in the mid-19th century. The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a 1,672 mm (5 ft 5+13⁄16 in) gauge of six Castilian feet. Those of Portugal were instead built to a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) and later railways to a 1,664 mm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge of five Portuguese feet – close enough to allow interoperability with Spanish railways.
Oenoe (Marathon)
Oenoe (Ancient Greek: Οἰνόη, romanized: Oinoē) was one of four demoi of ancient Athens situated in the small plain of Marathon open to the sea between Mount Parnes and Mount Pentelicus, originally formed with the other three demoi (Marathon, Probalinthus, and Tricorythus), the Attic Tetrapolis, one of the twelve ancient divisions of ancient Attica. Oenoe belonged to the tribe Aeantis, and Lucian speaks of the area as "the parts of Marathon about Oenoe" (Μαραθῶνος τὰ περὶ τὴν Οἰνόην).

The site of Oenoe is near Ninoï, Marathonas.

Parnitha
Mount Parnitha (Greek: Πάρνηθα, pronounced [ˈparniθa], Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Πάρνης Parnis/Parnes; sometimes Parnetha) is a lightly forested mountain range north of Athens, the highest on the peninsula of Attica, with an elevation of 1,413 m, and a summit known as Karavola (Καραβόλα). Much of the mountain is designated a national park, and is a protected habitat for wildfowl, first created in 1961. The summit is located 18 km north of Acharnes and about 30 km north of  the Athens city center. The mountain covers approximately 250 km² of land. Other peaks include Mavrovouni (Μαυροβούνι), Ornio (1,350 m), Area (1,160 m), Avgo or Avgho (1,150 m), and Xerovouni (Ξεροβούνι, meaning "dry mountain": 1,120 m). It also has two shelters Mpafi and Flampouri. The name of the mountain dates back to ancient times, when it was under the ancient demes of Acharnae and Decelea.
Australia at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Australia competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.  Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 242 competitors, 169 men and 73 women, took part in 137 events in 22 sports.

Audrey Moore (swimmer)
Audrey Helen Moore (born 19 September 1964) is an Australian swimmer. She competed in three events at the 1984 Summer Olympics. She also won a bronze medal in the 100 m backstroke at the 1982 Commonwealth Games.
Wierzbówka, Lublin Voivodeship
Wierzbówka [vjɛʐˈbufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Parczew, within Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Parczew and 52 km (32 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Transport corridor
A transport corridor is a generally linear area that is defined by one or more modes of transportation crossing the limits of more than one city or county like highways, railroads or public transit which share a common destination. Development often occurs around transportation corridors because they carry so many people, creating linear agglomerations like the Las Vegas Strip or the linear form of many neighborhood retail areas.

A 2019 review and meta-analysis of research into transport corridors found that they improved economic welfare, but had adverse environmental impacts.

Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as "Las Vegas".

Many of the largest hotel casino and resort properties in the world are on the Strip. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy. Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road, and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways.
Oliver Twins
Andrew Nicholas Oliver and Philip Edward Oliver, together known as the Oliver Twins, are British twin brothers and video game designers.

They developed computer games while they were still at school, contributing their first type-in game to a magazine in 1983. They worked with publishers Codemasters for a number of years following their first collaboration Super Robin Hood, creating the Dizzy series of games and many of Codemasters' Simulator Series games. 
In 1990 they founded Interactive Studios which later became Blitz Games Studios. In October 2013 they founded Radiant Worlds, based in Leamington Spa, with long time friend and colleague Richard Smithies.

SkySaga: Infinite Isles
SkySaga: Infinite Isles was a free-to-play sandbox massively multiplayer online role-playing game for Microsoft Windows developed by Radiant Worlds and published by Korean online game publisher Smilegate.

Following an announcement on 22 August 2017, all production has stopped on SkySaga. Production has been put on indefinite suspension by publisher Smilegate. The website was locked from access besides the front page on September 28 with a final statement that the game has been put on hold.
Amaranthus greggii
Amaranthus greggii, also known as Gregg's amaranth or Josiah amaranth, is a glabrous annual flowering plant native to Texas, Louisiana, and Mexico.  The plant can grow up to 1 m (3 ft) in height.  It is found in sand dunes and near sea beaches.  The species name greggii honors Josiah Gregg (1806–1850), a merchant, explorer, naturalist, and author of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico.

According to J. D. Sauer (1972b), Amaranthus myrianthus Standley most probably is a hybrid between A. arenicola and A. greggii. The seeds of A.greggii are dark brown and shiny, with 1.2-1.7 mm in diameter.

Josiah Gregg
Josiah Gregg (19 July 1806 – 25 February 1850) was an American merchant, explorer, naturalist, and author of Commerce of the Prairies, about the American Southwest and parts of northern Mexico. He collected many previously undescribed plants on his merchant trips and during the Mexican–American War, for which he has often been credited in botanical nomenclature. After the war he went to California, where he reportedly died of a fall from his mount due to starvation near Clear Lake on 25 February 1850, following a cross-country expedition which fixed the location of Humboldt Bay.