hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Current–voltage characteristic
A current–voltage characteristic or  I–V curve (current–voltage curve) is a relationship, typically represented as a chart or graph, between the electric current through a circuit, device, or material,  and the corresponding voltage, or potential difference, across it.

Origin (mathematics)
In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space.

In physical problems, the choice of origin is often arbitrary, meaning any choice of origin will ultimately give the same answer. This allows one to pick an origin point that makes the mathematics as simple as possible, often by taking advantage of some kind of geometric symmetry.
Ladislaus of Salzburg
Ladislaus of Salzburg, also known as Władysław of Wrocław  (Polish: Władysław Wrocławski) or Władysław of Silesia (German: Wladislaus von Schlesien, Czech: Vladislav Slezský; c. 1237 – 27 April 1270), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was co-ruler in the Duchy of Wrocław since 1248. He served as chancellor of King Ottokar II of Bohemia from 1255 and was elected Bishop of Bamberg in 1257 and Bishop of Passau in 1265. Władysław became Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg in the same year, and from 1268 also served as administrator of the Wrocław diocese.

Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
The Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg (German: Hochstift Bamberg) was an ecclesiastical State of the Holy Roman Empire. It goes back to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bamberg established at the 1007 synod in Frankfurt, at the behest of King Henry II to further expand the spread of Christianity in the Franconian lands. The bishops obtained the status of Imperial immediacy about 1245 and ruled their estates as Prince-bishops until they were subsumed to the Electorate of Bavaria in the course of the German Mediatisation in 1802.
My Dream Is Yours
My Dream Is Yours is a 1949 American Technicolor musical romantic comedy film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Jack Carson, Doris Day, Lee Bowman and Eve Arden. This was a loose remake of the 1934 Twenty Million Sweethearts, starring Dick Powell and Ginger Rogers.

Dick Powell
Richard Ewing Powell (November 14, 1904 – January 2, 1963) was an American actor, singer, musician, producer, director, and studio head. Though he came to stardom as a musical comedy performer, he showed versatility and successfully transformed into a hardboiled leading man, starring in projects of a more dramatic nature. He was the first actor to portray private detective Philip Marlowe on screen.
Zec de la Rivière-Bonaventure
Zec de la Rivière-Bonaventure is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) located in the non organized territory of Rivière-Bonaventure, in Bonaventure Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Québec, Canada. The economy of the zec is mainly based on recreational salmon fishing.

Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine (French pronunciation: [ɡaspezi il də la madlɛn]) is an administrative region of Quebec consisting of the Gaspé Peninsula (Gaspésie) and the Îles-de-la-Madeleine.  It lies in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence at the eastern extreme of southern Quebec. The predominant economic activities are fishing, forestry and tourism.
Lynn Michaels
Lynn Michaels is a fictional vigilante appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted as an ally of the antihero the Punisher. She was created by Chuck Dixon and John Romita Jr., and first appeared in The Punisher War Zone #7 (Sept. 1992).

Chuck Dixon
Charles Dixon (born April 14, 1954) is an American comic book writer, best known for his work on the Marvel Comics character the Punisher and on the DC Comics characters Batman, Nightwing, and Robin in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Arthur J. Scrogin
Arthur Judson Scrogin (August 23, 1853–August 19, 1926) was an American farmer and politician. He was born in Lexington, Illinois and went to Shurtleff College. He served on the McLean County Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the county board. He was a Republican. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1897 to 1903. He died at his home in Lexington.

Lexington, Illinois
Lexington is a city in McLean County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,090 at the 2020 census. There are two theories regarding the etymology of the city name. One says it was named for the Battle of Lexington, where General Gridley's father fought. and the other that it was named for the home town of James Brown, the town's co-founder.
Reinstein
Reinstein is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Reinstein (born 1962), Peruvian-born ophthalmic surgeon and specialist ophthalmologist in the US, Canada and the UK

Josh Reinstein, Director of the Knesset Christian Allies Caucus and President of the Israel Allies Foundation

Julia Boyer Reinstein (1906–1998), American teacher and historian

Kathi-Anne Reinstein, former American state legislator in the Massachusetts House of Representatives

Linda Reinstein (born 1955), co-founder of the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization (ADAO)

Michael Reinstein, American businessman, lawyer, private equity executive and founder and Chairman of Regent, L.P.

William Reinstein (1939–1998), American politician, member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Mayor of Revere, Massachusetts

Kathi-Anne Reinstein
Kathi-Anne Reinstein is a former American state legislator who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1999 to 2014. She is a Revere resident and a member of the Democratic Party. She resigned to become a lobbyist for Boston Beer Company.
Zombie! vs. Mardi Gras
Zombie! vs. Mardi Gras is a 1999 independently produced comedy horror film directed by Karl DeMolay, Will Frank, and Mike Lyddon. It stars Dale Ashmun, Loreli Fuller, John Sinclair, Jeanette Hauser, and Veronica Russell.

In the film, an unnamed Sumerian goddess empowers an occultist with the ability to raise zombies from the grave. The occultist starts a killing spree in New Orleans during Mardi Gras. But Galileo Galilei gets resurrected and attempts to save the city.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Brahma Temple, Niali
The Brahma Temple is a Hindu temple of creator God Brahma is located at the north-eastern side of the Niali village in Cuttack district of Odisha, India. It is very near to Madhava Temple, Niali. Some local Brahmins opine that an Ashwamedha yajna was done by Brahma here.

The present temple was rebuilt during the 12th century.
The central icon of Brahma holds a rosary and Kamandalu, sitting on a Lotus. He has four faces. This  icon is assigned to the time of Shailodbhava dynasty of Utkal during 7th century AD. There are two Vishnu images which belong to 12th century AD. The main vimana is of Pidha deula style.

A tributary of Mahanadi called Prachee is flowing near the shrine.

Sacred lotus in religious art
The lotus (Sanskrit: पद्म, romanized: Padmā), Nelumbo nucifera, is an aquatic plant that plays a central role in the art of Indian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

In Asian art, a lotus throne is a stylized lotus flower used as the seat or base for a figure. It is the normal pedestal for divine figures in Buddhist art and Hindu art and is often seen in Jain art. Originating in Indian art, it followed Indian religions to East Asia in particular.
Padraig, Earl of Atholl
Padraig or Patrick of Atholl was Mormaer of Atholl, from 1236/7 until 1241. The Chronicle of Melrose tells us that while he was lodging in Haddington, East Lothian, his enemies, "most wicked men," torched his lodging, killing both him and his two unknown companions. The chronicle had a high opinion of Padraig, and says that Padraig was "one imbued with all courtly wisdom and wit."

Padraig was succeeded by his aunt Forbhlaith, with her husband David de Hastings.

Consequent upon his murder the Scottish nobility, led by Patrick II Earl of March, exhorted by David de Hastings, pursued Walter Byset, Lord of Aboyne who sought protection from King Alexander II.  Despite the king securing Walter in a number of safe houses he was eventually banished, with the loss of his estates, to England.

Alexander II of Scotland
Alexander II (Medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Uilliam; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Uilleim; nicknamed "the Peaceful" by modern historians; 24 August 1198 – 8 July 1249) was King of Alba (Scotland) from 1214 until his death. He concluded the Treaty of York (1237) which defined the boundary between England and Scotland, largely unchanged today.
James Stobie
James Stobie was the factor to John Murray, the 4th Duke of Atholl, in the late 18th century. He is best known for designing the layout of Perthshire villages on the bequest of the Murray. In 1784, he designed the village of Stanley and in 1786 he designed the layout of Pitcairngreen.

Factor (Scotland)
In Scotland a factor (or property manager) is a person or firm charged with superintending or managing properties and estates—sometimes where the owner or landlord is unable to or uninterested in attending to such details personally, or in tenements in which several owners of individual flats contribute to the factoring of communal areas.

Factors can be found in solicitors' firms, or employed by chartered surveyors, property companies or building firms. Property factoring has a wide range of responsibilities and roles. Typically, a person would encounter a factor when renting property or subcontracting for a building firm.
Dieudonné Disi
Dieudonné Disi (born 24 November 1980 in Ntyazo, Butare) is a Rwandan long-distance and cross country runner.

In 2009 he competed in the marathon at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, but pulled out at the 28 km mark due to an injury. He rebounded after this with a series of victories in October, winning the 10,000 metres race at the Jeux de la Francophonie, the 20 Kilometres de Paris two weeks later, then equalling the course record at the Reims Half Marathon.

2009 World Championships in Athletics
The 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 2009) were held in Berlin, Germany from 15 to 23 August 2009. The majority of events took place in the Olympiastadion, while the marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate.
114th Territorial Defense Brigade
The 114th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukrainian: 114-та окрема бригада територіальної оборони) is a military formation of the Territorial Defense Forces of Ukraine in Kyiv Oblast. It is part of Operational Command North.

Vyshhorod
Vyshhorod (Ukrainian: Вишгород, IPA: [ˈwɪʒɦorod] ⓘ; Russian: Вышгород, romanized: Vyshgorod) is a city in Kyiv Oblast, central Ukraine, situated immediately north of the capital Kyiv, and part of the Kyiv metropolitan area. It is on the right (western) bank of the Dnieper river and, as the location of the Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant, the northern part of the city is beside the Kyiv Reservoir. It is the administrative center of Vyshhorod Raion and hosts the administration of Vyshhorod urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

First mentioned in the 10th century, Vyshhorod is now a notable industrial center and a growing commuter town for Kyiv. Its population is approximately 33,109 (2022 estimate).
Iminoglycinuria
Iminoglycinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder of renal tubular transport affecting reabsorption of the amino acid glycine, and the imino acids proline and hydroxyproline. This results in excess urinary excretion of all three acids (-uria denotes "in the urine").

Iminoglycinuria is a rare and complex disorder, associated with a number of genetic mutations that cause defects in both renal and intestinal transport systems of glycine and imino acids.

Imino acids typically contain an imine functional group, instead of the amino group found in amino acids. Proline is considered and usually referred to as an amino acid, but unlike others, it has a secondary amine. This feature, unique to proline, identifies proline also as an imino acid. Hydroxyproline is another imino acid, made from the naturally occurring hydroxylation of proline.

Hydroxylation
In chemistry, hydroxylation refers to the installation of a hydroxyl group (−OH) into an organic compound.  Hydroxylations generate alcohols and phenols, which are very common functional groups.  Hydroxylation confers some degree of water-solubility.  Hydroxylation of a hydrocarbon is an oxidation, thus a step in degradation.
Doug Horner
Douglas Alan Horner ECA (born 17 January 1961) is a former Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Spruce Grove-St. Albert in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 2001 until 31 January 2015.  He was the President of the Treasury Board and Minister of Finance until Jim Prentice's cabinet was sworn in on 15 September 2014. He was a candidate for the leadership of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party in its 2011 leadership election, placing third.

In 2006, when Ed Stelmach became premier, Horner was appointed Minister of Advanced Education and Technology. He retained the position in cabinet shuffle on 13 January 2010, and was also appointed to the position of Deputy Premier. He was first elected in the 2001 provincial election. He became the province's Minister of Agriculture in 2004 under Premier Ralph Klein. On 22 January 2015, he announced that he would be retiring as an MLA effective 31 January 2015.

Alberta Advanced Education
Alberta Advanced Education (also known as the Ministry of Advanced Education) is a ministry in the Executive Council of Alberta. Alberta Advanced Education is responsible for the public funding of post-secondary institutions in the province, in addition to loans and grants for post-secondary students.

The ministry has existed in its current form since 2004.  However, two other ministries with the same title existed from 1971–1975 and 1983–1992.  On April 30, 2019, Demetrios Nicolaides was appointed Minister of Advanced Education following the 2019 Alberta general election, replacing Marlin Schmidt.
Rosalind Bailey
Rosalind Bailey (born 1944) is a British actress, known for her portrayal of Sarah Headley (née Lytton) in the 1970s and 1980s BBC television drama When the Boat Comes In.

Bailey has appeared in numerous British television drama series, including Byker Grove, Distant Shores, Burn Up, and as a nurse in the last episode of Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads. Her stage work includes playing Miss Mary Shepherd in Alan Bennett’s play The Lady in the Van.

Distant Shores (British TV series)
Distant Shores is a comedy-drama first shown in the United Kingdom on ITV in January 2005.  Like the similar fish out of water dramedies Northern Exposure and Doc Martin, it focuses on the difficulties of an unwillingly-transplanted metropolitan doctor who is forced to adjust to a rural environment.
Four Days (1999 film)
Four Days is a Canadian crime drama film, directed by Curtis Wehrfritz and released in 1999. The film stars Kevin Zegers as Simon, a teenage skateboarder who has been drawn into a bank robbery by his father Milt (William Forsythe). Milt and Simon have arranged to double-cross Milt's partner Fury (Colm Meaney) by having Simon take the money to a secluded cabin, which he does by hitching a ride from Crystal (Lolita Davidovich), a woman on the run from an abusive ex-husband; however, after Milt is shot and killed at the bank, his girlfriend Feather (Anne-Marie Cadieux) tips Fury off to Simon's whereabouts, and Fury begins to pursue them to recover the money.

The supporting cast includes Patrick Goyette, John Dunn-Hill, Armand Laroche, Géraldine Doucet, Johnny Morina, Mario Janelle, Amanda Davis, Andrea Sheldon, Josée Larivière, Philip Pretten, Danielle Desormeaux and Pierre Lenoir, as well as Stephen Reid, himself a former bank robber, in a small role as a security guard at the bank.

Kevin Zegers
Kevin Zegers is a Canadian actor. He is known for his roles as Josh Framm in the Air Bud film series, Toby Osbourne in Transamerica (2005), Damien Dalgaard in the CW teen drama Gossip Girl, and as rookie FBI Agent Brendon Acres on the  ABC crime drama The Rookie: Feds. He has also starred in the films Dawn of the Dead (2004), It's a Boy Girl Thing (2006), The Jane Austen Book Club (2007), Fifty Dead Men Walking (2008), Frozen (2010), The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, and Nighthawks (2019).
Paška Vas
Paška Vas (pronounced [ˈpaːʃka ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Paška vas) is a settlement on the right bank of the Paka River in the Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki in northern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

A small chapel-shrine in the settlement containing a statue of Saint Mark dates to the last quarter of the 19th century.

Wayside shrine
A wayside shrine is a religious image, usually in some sort of small shelter, placed by a road or pathway, sometimes in a settlement or at a crossroads, but often in the middle of an empty stretch of country road, or at the top of a hill or mountain.  They have been a feature of many cultures, including Chinese folk religious communities, Catholic and Orthodox Europe and some Asian regions.
Patrick Antaki
Patrick Antaki (born May 6, 1964) is a Lebanese Olympic sportsman.  He is also American-naturalized skeleton racer who competed for Lebanon from 2002 to 2006. He finished 27th and last in the men's skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Antaki's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 26th in the men's skeleton event at Nagano in 2003

Born in Cairo, Egypt, Antaki earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1984. He became interested in skeleton after watching the skeleton events on television at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. He lived in Dallas, Texas at the time of the 2006 games in Turin.

FIBT World Championships 2003
The FIBT World Championships 2003 took place in Lake Placid, New York, United States (Men's bobsleigh), Winterberg, Germany (Women's bobsleigh), and Nagano, Japan (Men's and women's Skeleton). Lake Placid hosted the championship event for the eighth time, doing so previously in 1949, 1961, 1969, 1973, 1978, 1983, and 1997 (Skeleton). Winterberg hosted the championship event for a third time, doing so previously in 1995 (Bobsleigh) and 2000 (Women's bobsleigh). This was Nagano's first time hosting a championship event. It was also the first time the championships were held in Asia.
Pete Hall
Clyde Pete Hall (born February 28, 1939) is a former player in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the twelfth round of the 1960 NFL draft by the New York Giants and later played with the team during the 1961 NFL season.

1960 NFL draft
The 1960 NFL draft in which NFL teams take turns selecting amateur college American football players and other first-time eligible players, was held at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia on November 30, 1959. Many players, including half of those drafted in the first round, signed with teams in the newly created American Football League, including the first overall pick and Heisman Trophy winner Billy Cannon. At the time of the draft, the Cardinals were still the Chicago Cardinals; they moved to St. Louis in March 1960. The Dallas Cowboys were enfranchised in January 1960 after the draft.
Paul Octave Hébert
Paul Octave Hébert (December 12, 1818 – August 29, 1880) was a soldier, engineer and politician who served as 14th Governor of Louisiana from 1853 to 1856. A veteran of the Mexican-American War, he later served as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Cape Lollo
Cape Lollo (Norwegian: Kapp Lollo), located at 54°25′S 3°29′E﻿ / ﻿54.417°S 3.483°E﻿ / -54.417; 3.483, is a cape which forms the northeastern extremity of Bouvetøya in Norway. It was first charted in 1898 by a German expedition under Carl Chun, and was recharted and named in December 1927 by a Norwegian expedition under Captain Harald Horntvedt.

Carl Chun
Carl Chun or Karl Friedrich Gustav Chun (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːn]; 1 October 1852 – 11 April 1914) was a German marine biologist who worked as a professor at the Universities of Königsberg (1883), Breslau (1891) and Leipzig (1898). He was a pioneer of German oceanographic research, organizing the first deep-sea expedition aboard the SS Valdivia in 1898-99. He spent much of his life studying the collections made during the expedition, and was responsible for discovering many marine organisms, including the vampire squid.
Scott Sobkowiak
Scott David Sobkowiak (born October 26, 1977) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played one game for the Atlanta Braves in 2001.

Sobkowiak attended the University of Northern Iowa, and in 1997 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by Atlanta in the 7th round of the 1998 MLB draft.

On October 7, 2001, Sobkowiak made his only major league appearance, against the Florida Marlins, giving up one earned run in one inning pitched. In 2002, he played in the Braves' minor leagues and in four games for the Cincinnati Reds High-A affiliate in 2003, before he began his independent league career.

In 2003 and 2004, Sobkowiak played in the independent Frontier League for the Rockford RiverHawks as a starting pitcher. In 2005, he went 8-7 for the Somerset Patriots of the independent Atlantic League. From 2006-2007, he played for the Atlantic League's Lancaster Barnstormers and went a combined 9-10.

Lancaster Stormers
The Lancaster Stormers (formerly known as the Lancaster Barnstormers) are an American professional baseball team based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They are members of the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a "partner league" of Major League Baseball. Since 2005, the team has played its home games at Penn Medicine Park in the city's Northwest Corridor, following the stadium's completion.