hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shear wave splitting
Shear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium.  The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves.  Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest.  These measurements reflect the degree of anisotropy and lead to a better understanding of the area's crack density and orientation or crystal alignment.
As an analogy, one can think of the anisotropy of a particular area as a black box and the shear wave splitting measurements as a way of looking at what is in the box.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Takumi Yamazaki
Takumi Yamazaki (Japanese: 山崎 たくみ, romanized: Yamazaki Takumi, born Isao Yamazaki Japanese: 山崎 功, romanized: Yamazaki Isao, April 14, 1964 in Tokyo) is a Japanese voice actor best known for voicing Torippii the anthropomorphic green parrot in the Shimajiro TV series and in the Shimajiro film series. Yamazaki took over many of the characters played by Kaneto Shiozawa after his death.

Super Robot Wars
Super Robot Wars is a series of Japanese tactical role-playing video games produced by Bandai Namco Entertainment, formerly Banpresto. Starting out as a spinoff of the Compati Hero series, the main feature of the franchise is having a story that crosses over several popular mecha anime, manga and video games, allowing characters and mecha from different titles to team up or battle one another. The first game in the franchise was released for the Game Boy on April 20, 1991, and later spawned numerous games that were released on various consoles and handhelds. Due to the nature of crossover games and licensing involved, only a few games have been released outside Japan, and in English; Super Robot Taisen: Original Generation and its sequel were the first of these in 2006. The franchise celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2016, and its 30th anniversary in 2021, and Super Robot Wars 30 was also released overseas.
Aktanysh
Aktanysh (Russian: Актаны́ш; Tatar: Актаныш; Bashkir: Аҡтаныш), historically known as Lower Aktanyshbash (Russian: Нижний Актанышбаш; Bashkir: Түбәнге Аҡтанышбаш) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aktanyshsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The population is less than 10,000, though it has steadily increased in recent decades;  8,923 (2010 Census); 8,148 (2002 Census); 6,814 (1989 Soviet census).

The village is situated in the lower reaches of the Belaya (Ağiðel) river, in the easternmost part of Tatarstan, less than 6 km (3.7 mi) from the border with Bashkortostan. Aktanysh lies about 300 km (190 mi) east of Kazan and 165 km (103 mi) northwest of Ufa as the crow flies.

Belaya (Kama)
The Belaya (/ˈbɛlaɪə/ BEL-y-ə) is a river in Bashkortostan, Russia. Its source lies in the south-western Ural Mountains.

It is 1,430 kilometres (890 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi).

Settlements along the Belaya include Beloretsk, Sterlitamak, Ufa (at the confluence with the river Ufa), and Birsk. The Belaya flows into the Kama near Neftekamsk.
Reinhausen
Reinhausen is the largest village in the municipality (Gemeinde) Gleichen in the district Göttingen, Germany.  It is also the seat of government for the Gleichen.  The  village has 1,500 residents (as of December 31, 2005). The village mayor is Ulrike Benstem. The village was settled in the tenth century or earlier.  Along the main road running through the village are medieval cross-in-circles carved into the massive stone hillside. Originally begun in the tenth century as a castle, the Lutheran church in the village was formerly a monastery.

Reinhausen is largely a combination of an agricultural village and a bedroom community for the city of Göttingen, about ten kilometers to the north. There are a few stores in the village, catering to local needs.  Not far from the town is the Wendebach Reservoir, a popular local lake and park.

Göttingen (district)
Göttingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœtɪŋən] ⓘ) is a district (German: Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Northeim and Goslar, and by the states of Thuringia (district of Eichsfeld) and Hesse (districts of Werra-Meißner and Kassel, and the district-free city of Kassel). The capital is the university city of Göttingen.
Bolad (given name)
Bolad (alternatively spelled Pulad, Pulat, Polat, or Polad in Persian and Turkic languages) is common given name among the Inner Asian peoples. The meaning of the word Bolad is "steel". In Khalkha Mongolian form of the word is Bold.

Notable people with the name include:

Bolad, the medieval Mongolian intellectual and representative of the Khagan in Iran

Pulad, Khan of the Golden Horde in the 15th century

Bars Bolud Jinong, Mongolian leader and prince in the 16th century

Bars Bolud Jinong
Bars Bolud (Mongolian: Барс Болд; Chinese: 巴爾斯博羅特), (1490–1531) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1517 to 1519. He later became jinong from 1519 to 1531. His name, Bars Bolud, means "Steel Tiger".
San Millán de Juarros
San Millán de Juarros (Spanish pronunciation: [sˈan miʎˈan dˈe xwˈaɾɾos]) is a locality belonging to the municipality of Ibeas de Juarros, inside the province of Burgos, autonomous community of Castile and León (Spain). It belongs to the comarca of Alfoz de Burgos and to the judicial district of Burgos. According to the 2024 census (INE), San Millan de Juarros has a population of 120 inhabitants.

The toponym refers to Aemilian of Cogolla a venerated Iberian saint known as San Millán throughout Spain. The phrase "de Juarros" denotes belonging to the traditional comarca of Juarros, "Juarros" derives from the ancient Basque term zugarro, meaning elm.

The village's heritage features the San Millán Abad Church, the San Andrés and Canto bridges over the Cueva and Arlanzón rivers respectively, and the remains of the San Cristóbal de Ibeas Monastery, a Premonstratensian medieval complex that once served as a significant spiritual center in the region.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
Two Cents Worth of Hope
Two Cents Worth of Hope (Italian: Due soldi di speranza) is a 1952 film directed by Renato Castellani. It is the third part of Castellani's Young Love trilogy, following Sotto il sole di Roma (1948) and È primavera...(1950).

It shared the Grand Prix prize with Othello at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

A hundred Italian films to be saved
The list of A hundred Italian films to be saved (Italian: Cento film italiani da salvare) was created with the aim to report "100 films that have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978". Film preservation, or film restoration, describes a series of ongoing efforts among film historians, archivists, museums, cinematheques, and nonprofit organization to rescue decaying film stock and preserve the images they contain. In the widest sense, preservation assures that a movie will continue to exist in as close to its original form as possible.
Sulfated polysaccharide
Sulfated polysaccharides are biopolymers found throughout life.  These polysaccharides have sulfate groups attached to the sugar subunits.  Brown seaweed and red seaweeds contain large amounts of these materials. Some of these natural materials are of practical value, e.g. as precursors to agar. Some sulfated polysaccharides are bioactive fucoidan and heparin.

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Peugeot Landtrek
The Peugeot Landtrek is a mid-size pickup truck marketed by French car manufacturer Peugeot, part of Stellantis (previously PSA Group) since 2020. Jointly developed with Chinese car manufacturer Changan Automobile and manufactured in Shenzhen by Shenzhen Baoneng Motor (previously Changan PSA), the Landtrek shares the same platform and most of the bodywork with the Changan F70.

The Landtrek is not available for sale in Europe, as it is currently only sold in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Overseas France (New Caledonia), Malaysia, Laos and in Ukraine. In South America and Algeria, it is sold under the Fiat brand as the Fiat Titano. In Mexico, it is also sold under the Ram brand since 2024, as the Ram 1200. It has also been sold in South America as the Ram Dakota since 2025.

Changan Automobile
China Changan Automobile Group  Co., Ltd. (CCAG) is a Chinese central state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Jiangbei, Chongqing. Changan Automobile traces its origins back to 1862 when Li Hongzhang set up a military supply factory, the Shanghai Foreign Gun Bureau. However, it was not until 1959 when the factory was repurposed to manufacture the Changjiang Type 46 Jeep that it became an automobile manufacturer.

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Avatr, Deepal, Changan and Kaicene, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures, such as Changan Ford and Changan Mazda. In 2021, its own brands contributed 76% of its sales (1.75 million, including 1.2 million passenger vehicles). Its principal activity is the production of passenger cars, microvans, commercial vans and light trucks.

A subsidiary of Changan, Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd.(SZSE: 000625), is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (but is also state controlled).
Aleksandr Shcherbakov (Soviet politician)
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Shcherbakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Щербако́в; 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1901 – 10 May 1945) was a Soviet politician and statesman who was a wartime head of the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army as well as the director of the Soviet Information Bureau.

Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy
The Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy (Russian: Главное политическое управление Советской армии и Военно-морского флота СССР, romanized: Glavnoe politicheskoe upravlenie Sovietskoy armii i Voenno-morskogo flota SSSR) was the central military-political organ of administration in the Soviet Armed Forces in 1919 through 1991 and controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The directorate was created at the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on the order of the Republic's Revolutionary Military Council No.674 of 18 April 1919 to implement political control in the Red Army and Fleet.
Furuseth
Furuseth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Furuseth (born 1854), American labor leader

Henrik Furuseth (born 1996), Norwegian racing driver

Ole Kristian Furuseth (born 1967), Norwegian alpine skier

Petter Furuseth (born 1978), Norwegian soccer player

Per Otto Furuseth (born 1947), Norwegian team handball player and coach

Rolf Furuseth (1915-1984), Norwegian politician

Rolf Furuseth
Rolf Furuseth (born 27 September 1915 in Vestre Toten Municipality, died 16 May 1984) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland in 1969, and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the terms 1958–1961 and 1965–1969.

On the local level he was a member of the municipal council of Vestre Toten Municipality from 1955 to 1971, the last three terms in the executive committee. He chaired the municipal party chapter from 1962 to 1963.

Outside politics he worked at Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker. He became involved in the trade union there.
Omnium II
Omnium II (1892–1901) was a Thoroughbred racehorse in France. He was purchased from the Countess Paul Le Marois at the Deauville Yearling sale by Count Evremond de Saint-Alary. He won a number of important French races and was a great long-distance horse, winning the 6,200 meter Prix Gladiateur in 1896 and another endurance test, the Prix Rainbow.

Omnium was retired to Saint-Alary's Haras de Saint Pair du Mont breeding farm at Le Cadran in Calvados, Normandy where he proved to be an important sire. He produced the filly Kizil Kourgan (1899–1919), winner of the Prix de Diane and the Grand Prix de Paris and was the damsire of Bruleur. Born in 1910, Bruleur won the 1913 Grand Prix de Paris and Prix Royal-Oak then at stud became the Leading sire in France for 1921, 1924, and 1929.

Despite dying at age nine, Omnium's successful progeny made him the leading sire in France in 1902.

Prix Gladiateur
The Prix Gladiateur is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 3,100 metres (about 1 mile and 7½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
GPR116
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 116 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR116 gene.  GPR116 has now been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of lung surfactant homeostasis.

Pulmonary surfactant
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of the surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), reduces surface tension.

As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.
Song Xiaoli
Song Xiaoli  (Chinese: 宋晓丽; born 21 July 1981) is a Chinese women's international footballer who plays as a midfielder. She is a member of the China women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. On club level she plays for Jiangsu Shuntian in China.

Song married footballer Liu Tao on 5 November 2011.

Jiangsu F.C.
Jiangsu Football Club (Chinese: 江苏足球俱乐部) was a Chinese professional football club based in Nanjing, Jiangsu, most known for their spell in the Chinese Super League from 2009 to 2020. Their home stadium was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre. The club was previously known as Jiangsu Sainty F.C. from 2000 to 2016 and Jiangsu Suning F.C. from 2016 to 2021. The club's last owner was Suning Appliance Group, a sister company of Suning.com.

The team was founded in 1958 as Jiangsu Provincial Team. The modern professional football club was established in March 1994, and was one of the founding members of the first fully professional top-flight league in China participating in the 1994 Chinese Jia-A League season. It faced relegation in that campaign, but the team went on to win promotion back into the top-flight at the end of the 2008 league season.

The 2020 Chinese Super League saw the club win their first, and only, top-flight championship: three months later, the club was dissolved.
Jordanoleiopus annae
Jordanoleiopus annae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maxim Lazarev and Yuriy Skrylnyk in 2023. It is known from Oman.

Males measure 3.8–4.5 mm (0.15–0.18 in) and females 3.9–5.1 mm (0.15–0.20 in) in length. It is polyphagous, feeding on broadleaf trees and shrubs (Croton sp., Jatropha dhofarica).

Croton (plant)
Croton is an extensive plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The plants of this genus were described and introduced to Europeans by Georg Eberhard Rumphius.  The common names for this genus are rushfoil and croton, but the latter also refers to Codiaeum variegatum. The generic name comes from the Greek κρότος (krótos), which means "tick" and refers to the shape of the seeds of certain species.
Lars Pearson
Lars Pearson (born 1973, in Iowa) is an American writer, high school teacher, editor, and journalist. He is the owner/publisher of Mad Norwegian Press, a publishing company specializing in reference guides to television shows including Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel and Doctor Who, plus the Faction Paradox range of novels and comic books. He is also co-author, with Lance Parkin, of "Ahistory: An Unauthorized History of the Doctor Who Universe," which puts every Doctor Who-related story onto a single timeline from the beginning of the universe to its end.

Chicago TARDIS
Chicago TARDIS is an annual North American science fiction convention focusing on the British television series Doctor Who and related programs, held the weekend after Thanksgiving in Chicago. This event has been rated among the top five conventions for fans of Doctor Who living in the United States. The event bills itself as the “premier Doctor Who event” for the midwest. The conference, along with the Los Angeles Gallifrey One, helped show fan support well before the BBC, having stopped production in 1989, decided to revive Doctor Who in 2005. The Chicago event is organized by Alien Entertainment, a Chicago area entertainment store focused on sci-fi and pop culture. Chicago TARDIS has been held every year since 2000 in the Chicago area and has featured actors, actresses, script editors, writers, visual effects designers, directors, and screenwriters associated with Doctor Who in various ways.
Deryk Mendel
Deryk Mendel (1920 – 28 May 2013) was a British ballet dancer, choreographer, actor and director.

He was a friend of Samuel Beckett, who wrote the one-act mime Act Without Words I for him in 1956. Music was by his cousin John S. Beckett. Mendel performed the premiere on 3 April 1957 at the Royal Court Theatre in London.

On 14 June 1963, Mendel directed the premiere of Becket's Play (as Spiel) at the Ulmer Theatre in Ulm-Donau, Germany.

On 13 April 1966, Beckett’s sixtieth birthday, Mendel appeared as Joe in the premiere of  Eh Joe by Süddeutscher Rundfunk, Stuttgart, the first time that Beckett himself had directed.

In 1968, Mendel directed one of the first English performances of Beckett's Come and Go at the Royal Festival Hall, with Adrienne Corri, Marie Kean and Billie Whitelaw in the roles of Flo, Vi, and Ru.

He died in Saint-Ouen, France on 28 May 2013.

Come and Go
Come and Go is a short play (described as a "dramaticule" on its title page) by Samuel Beckett. It was written in English in January 1965 and first performed (in German) at the Schillertheater, Berlin on 14 January 1966. Its English language premiere was at the Peacock Theatre, Dublin on 28 February 1968, and its British premiere was at the Royal Festival Hall in London on 9 December 1968. It was written for and dedicated to the publisher John Calder.

Some critics consider this one of Beckett's most "perfect" plays: Beckett agonized over each individual line until they exactly matched his creative vision. The play varies between "121 and 127 words" in length, depending on the translation (his notes are significantly longer than the actual play), and as such is rarely performed on its own.
Dino (footballer, born 1901)
Antonio Dino Galvão (21 September 1901 – 11 September 1993), known as just Dino, was a Brazilian footballer. He played in seven matches for the Brazil national football team from 1921 to 1923. He was also part of Brazil's squad for the 1921 South American Championship.

1921 South American Championship
The 1921 South American Championship was the fifth continental championship for nations in South America. It was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 2 to 30 October 1921.

The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (which debuted in this edition) and Uruguay. Chile was also invited but withdrew before the draw due to internal dissent, and an invitation was sent to Argentine dissident Asociación Amateurs de Football that originated a conflict with the Argentine Football Association (the official local governing body and organiser of the competition).

Argentina won the tournament, being also its first official title, after several friendly competitions won such as Copa Lipton or Copa Newton.
Ectoparasiticide
An ectoparasiticide is an antiparasitic drug used in the treatment of ectoparasitic infestations. These drugs are used to kill the parasites that live on the body surface. Permethrin, sulfur, lindane, dicophane, benzyl benzoate, ivermectin and crotamiton are well known ectoparasiticides. Additionally, ectoparasiticides have been used to safely contaminate rhinoceros horns with hopes of it deterring the demand for these horns on the black market.

Crotamiton
Crotamiton is a drug that is used both as a scabicidal (for treating scabies) and as a general antipruritic (anti-itching drug). It is a lotion-based medicine that is applied to the whole body to get rid of the scabies mite that burrows under the skin and causes itching. It requires a prescription in the US.
Sendik's Food Market
Sendik's Food Market (Sendik's) is a supermarket chain with 18 stores in the Greater Milwaukee area (Namely, Grafton, Mequon, Wauwatosa, Elm Grove, Whitefish Bay, Brookfield, Germantown, Hartland, West Bend, Waukesha, New Berlin, Greenfield, Oconomowoc, and Franklin). Sendik's also operates four Fresh2Go stores (Located in Bayside, Marquette, Hales Corners, and Greendale).

Bayside, Wisconsin
Bayside is a village in Milwaukee and Ozaukee counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 4,482 at the 2020 census. Of this, 4,378 were in Milwaukee County, and only 104 were in Ozaukee County.
Corrao
Corrao is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Corrao, Italian-American film and television editor

Ignazio Corrao (born 1984), Italian politician

Lauren Corrao, American television executive

Ludovico Corrao (1927–2011), Italian politician and lawyer

Lauren Corrao
Lauren Corrao is an American television executive. She became Executive Vice President of Original Programming and Development at Freeform in 2019. She is a former programming executive for Comedy Central, where she oversaw The Daily Show With John Stewart and The Colbert Report. She was also formerly co-president of Tornante TV and Vice President of MTV.