hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cowan Dobson
David Cowan Dobson R.B.A.,  (1894–1980) was a leading Scottish portrait artist who first exhibited at Royal Academy when aged only nineteen and began showing at the Royal Scottish Academy four years later. Dobson's works were also exhibited at the Royal Society of Arts, Royal Watercolour Society, Royal Society of Portrait Painters, Royal Society of British Artists, Royal Cambrian Academy, Fine Art Society and at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.

Royal Watercolour Society
The Royal Watercolour Society is a British institution of painters working in watercolours. The Society is a centre of excellence for water-based media on paper, which allows for a diverse and interesting range of approaches to the medium of watercolour. Its members, or associates, use the post-nominal initials RWS and ARWS (associate member). They are elected by the membership, with typically half a dozen new associates joining the Society each year.
Gonophore
A gonophore is a reproductive organ in members of the Hydrozoa which produces gametes. It is a sporosac, a medusa or any intermediate stage. The name is derived from the Greek words γόνος (gónos, "that which produces seed") and -φόρος (-fóros, "-bearing").

Gonophores are borne on branching stalks that grow radially outward from the wall of a hydranth (i.e. the hydroid polyp, bearing a mouth, digestive cavity and tentacles). The germ cells are formed from the inner layer of the entocodon, which is the primordium (i.e. the first cells that give rise to the development of an organ) of the subumbrella (i.e. the concave oral surface of a medusa) in the development of medusae from the gonophore.

Polyp (zoology)
A polyp in zoology is one of two forms  found in the phylum Cnidaria, the other being the medusa. Polyps are roughly cylindrical in shape and elongated at the axis of the vase-shaped body. In solitary polyps, the aboral (opposite to oral) end is attached to the substrate by means of a disc-like holdfast called a pedal disc, while in colonies of polyps it is connected to other polyps, either directly or indirectly. The oral end contains the mouth, and is surrounded by a circlet of tentacles.
Avdo Karabegović Hasanbegov
Avdo Karabegović Hasanbegov (1878–1900) was a Bosnian poet. He was the cousin of the poet S. Avdo Karabegović, who adopted the letter S. as his first initial, which stood for Srbin (Serb), partly to distinguish himself from his cousin. Karabegović secretly taught Hasanbegov the Latin alphabet against the wishes of Hasanbegov's father, who had forbidden him from receiving a Western education. After Hasanbegov began publishing in pro-Serb periodicals in the Latin alphabet, his home was attacked by a mob.

Hasanbegov died in 1900. Writing about Hasanbegov in 1902, the writer and literary critic Svetozar Ćorović remarked: "Many hated him precisely because he called himself a Serb and because he, against all their advice, did not want to reject that name. He hated them for the same reasons."

Bosnians
Bosnians (Bosnian: Bosanci / Босанци; sg. masc. Bosanac / Босанац, fem. Bosanka / Босанкаcode: bos promoted to code: bs ) are people native to the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially the region of Bosnia. The term is used regardless of ethnic or cultural affiliation. The term Bosnian refers to all inhabitants/citizens of the country, though people from the region of Herzegovina may prefer the demonym Herzegovinian. The term can also be used as a designation for anyone who is descended from Bosnia.

Bosnian as a demonym is a nationality and does not imply any specific ethnic group. The term should not be confused with the ethnonym Bosniak, which refers to the largest ethnic group in the country. The native ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats.
Ozamia hemilutella
Ozamia hemilutella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ozamia. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1922. It is found in Argentina.

The wingspan is 27–30 mm. The forewings are grey with a clear-yellow inner area and the hindwings are white.

The larvae feed on Cereus validus and Opuntia quimilo. They feed on the fruit of their host plant. On Cereus validus, the young larvae enter the fruit near the base and tunnel into the seed cavity. Later, they attack the fleshy portions, and the fruit dries up. On Opuntia quimilo the larvae occur in the flowers and the crown of the fruit. The larvae are olive green. They have been recorded in February, April, June, August and November.

Cereus hildmannianus
Cereus hildmannianus is a species of cactus from southern South America. Its distribution is uncertain but probably includes Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. This cactus thrives in diverse habitats such as forests, savannas, and grasslands, preferring well-draining soils and demonstrating adaptability to both drought and occasional flooding.
Pascal Pinard
Pascal Pinard (born 10 September 1965) is a French swimmer and multiple Paralympic gold medallist.

He first represented France at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, winning five gold medals, a silver and two bronze. He represented France again at the 1996 Games, taking a gold, a silver and two bronze. He won three silver medals at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, and then a gold and two bronze in 2004.

Pinard was born with his left leg going no further than the knee, and no forearms.

He worked as a librarian for the city of Rennes. 
Afterwards he worked for more than a decade for the French multinational electric utility company, EDF.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Michael S. Smith (drummer)
Michael Scott Smith (January 30, 1946 – January 2, 2006) was an American jazz drummer and percussionist. Based in the Washington D.C. - Baltimore area for most of his 40-year career, Smith played with many jazz greats including Dave Liebman, Herbie Hancock, John Abercrombie, Randy Brecker, Tommy Flanagan, Billy Eckstein, Astrud Gilberto, Freddie Hubbard, Herb Ellis, and Milt Jackson.

Freddie Hubbard
Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (April 7, 1938 – December 29, 2008) was an American jazz trumpeter. He played bebop, hard bop, and post-bop styles from the early 1960s onwards. His unmistakable and influential tone contributed to new perspectives for modern jazz and bebop.
Mount Blair (Scotland)
Mount Blair is a large hill on the Perth and Kinross and Angus border, Scotland, in the southern foothills of the Grampian Mountains.

It lies between the valleys of Glen Shee and Glen Isla, north of the town of Blairgowrie. The peak provides a fairly straightforward hillwalking route, with extensive views at the top. Its summit is topped by a transmitter mast.

River Isla, Perthshire
The River Isla (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Ìl)  is a tributary of the River Tay in Angus and Perthshire, Scotland. It rises in the Grampians before flowing down through Glen Isla into the Valley of Strathmore. After a course of 46 miles (74 km), it falls into the Tay near Meikleour. Its tributaries include the Ericht.
UK Web Archive
The UK Web Archive is a consortium of the six UK legal deposit libraries which aims to collect all UK websites at least once each year. As of December 2025, its website is unavailable because of a cyberattack on the British Library in October 2023.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
The Wolf Dog
The Wolf Dog is a 1933 American Pre-Code Mascot film serial directed by Colbert Clark and Harry L. Fraser and starring Frankie Darro and Rin Tin Tin, Jr. The plot concerns a young boy becoming the heir to a fortune and a villain attempting to take it from him. The boy's canine pet, Rin Tin Tin Jr., is the star of the film, protecting his master from a succession of murder attempts.

This was Rin Tin Tin Jr.'s first serial outing, having replaced the original Rin Tin Tin who died in 1932. He also starred in two other serials, The Law of the Wild (1934) and The Adventures of Rex and Rinty (1935). The Wolf Dog was released on Sept. 30, 1933.

Mascot Pictures
Mascot Pictures Corporation was an American film company of the 1920s and 1930s, best known for producing and distributing film serials and B-westerns.  Mascot was formed in 1927 by film producer Nat Levine.  In 1935, it merged with several other companies to form Republic Pictures.

Mascot's serial The King of the Kongo (1929) was the first serial to include sound, beating Universal Studios by several months.

The company's logo featured a roaring tiger resting on top of a model of the planet Earth.
Henry Costessey
Henry Costessey,  B.D. was a priest and academic in the 15th century.

Costessey was ordained priest on 15 April 1441. From 1442 to 1472 he was a member of King's Hall, Cambridge. Costessey held livings at Banham, Bixton and Wilby. He was Master of Rushworth College from 1472 to 1475; and then of Gonville Hall from 1475 until his death on 20 July 1483.

Rushworth College
The College of Saint John the Evangelist of Rushworth, commonly called Rushworth College, was a college in the present-day village of Rushford in Norfolk. It was founded in 1342 by Edmund Gonville, the original founder of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, as a small community of priests dedicated to saying chantries for Gonville and his heirs. The college existed until the English Reformation when its lands and endowment were subsumed into Gonville Hall.
Asakura Ujikage
Asakura Ujikage (朝倉 氏景; April 27, 1449 – August 3, 1486) was the 8th head of the Asakura clan during the period of the Ashikaga shogunate. His rule also coincided with the period of the Ōnin War (1467–1477) and the early years of the Sengoku Period of Feudal Japan. He is remembered as an excellent swordsman, since with the famous katana Kotegiri Masamune in his hands, he managed to cut through the gauntlet of an enemy samurai in battle, cutting off his arm.

Ōnin War
The Ōnin War (応仁の乱, Ōnin no Ran), also known as the Upheaval of Ōnin and Ōnin-Bunmei war, was a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan. Ōnin refers to the Japanese era during which the war started; the war ended during the Bunmei era. A dispute between a high official, Hosokawa Katsumoto, and a regional lord, Yamana Sōzen, escalated into a nationwide civil war involving the Ashikaga shogunate and a number of daimyō (大名, feudal lords) in many regions of Japan.

The war initiated the Sengoku period, "the Warring States period." This period was a long, drawn-out struggle for domination by individual daimyō, resulting in a mass power-struggle between the various houses to dominate the whole of Japan.
William A. Jeffrey
William A. Jeffrey is an American astronomer and astrophysicist. He was the CEO of SRI International from 2014 to 2021 and the 13th director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology from 2005 to 2007.

Institute for Defense Analyses
The Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) is an American non-profit corporation that administers three federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) – the Systems and Analyses Center (SAC), the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STPI), and the Center for Communications and Computing (C&C) – to assist the United States government in addressing national security issues, particularly those requiring scientific and technical expertise. It is headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia.
France men's national volleyball team
The France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It was the reigning European Champion in 2015 and is ranked 3rd (as of 1 January 2023) in the FIVB world ranking. 
France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Slovenia. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.

In 2015, France won the European Championship and World League (also in 2017).

France competed at the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Five years later, they won gold after defeating Russia in Tokyo 2020.
They retained their Olympic title at 
Paris 2024.

Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics was the 14th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 7 to 21 August 2016.

Brazil won the gold medal after a 3–0 win over Italy. The United States defeated Russia 3–2 to win the bronze medal.

The medals for the competition were presented by Shamil Tarpishchev, Russia; Habu Gumel, Nigeria; and Bernard Rajzman, Brazil; Members of the International Olympic Committee and Carlos Arthur Nuzman, Honorary member of the International Olympic Committee and President of the Rio 2016 Organising Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, and the gifts were presented by Ary Graça, Dr. Rafael Lloreda Currea and Dr. Amr Elwani, President and Executive Vice-Presidents of the FIVB.
Graham Johnson (scientist)
Graham Johnson is an animator, illustrator and, beginning in 2012, faculty fellow at the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences.  He has a master's degree in medical illustration from Johns Hopkins, and a PhD in biophysics from Scripps.  After graduating from Johns Hopkins and while working at the Salk Institute, he illustrated the textbook Cell Biology.

Johnson is the creator of the software applications "autoPACK" and "cellPACK" which enable modeling, simulation and visualization of mesoscopic three-dimensional spatial data utilizing packing algorithms.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
Big Bend slider
The Big Bend slider (Trachemys gaigeae), also called commonly the Mexican Plateau slider and la jicotea de la meseta mexicana in Mexican Spanish, is a species of aquatic turtle in the family Emydidae. The species is native to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Emydidae
Emydidae (Latin emys (freshwater tortoise) + Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, "appearance, resemblance")) is a family of testudines (turtles) that includes close to 50 species in 10 genera. Members of this family are commonly called terrapins, pond turtles, or marsh turtles. Several species of Asian box turtles were formerly classified in the family; however, revised taxonomy has separated them to a different family (Geoemydidae). As currently defined, the Emydidae are entirely a Western Hemisphere family, with the exception of two species of pond turtle.
Esther Nunatak
Esther Nunatak (61°57′S 57°50′W﻿ / ﻿61.950°S 57.833°W﻿ / -61.950; -57.833) is a nunatak lying 2 nautical miles (4 km) southwest of Brimstone Peak in the northeast part of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. It was charted and named by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II in 1937, probably from association with nearby Esther Harbour.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
2008 Wimbledon Championships – Senior gentlemen's invitation doubles
Ken Flach and Robert Seguso defeated the defending champions Jeremy Bates and Anders Järryd in the final, 7–6(7–1), 6–7(5–7), [10–7] to win the senior gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships.

Anders Järryd
Anders Per Järryd (pronounced [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈjæ̂rːyːd]; born 13 July 1961) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. During his career he won eight Grand Slam doubles titles (three French Open, two Wimbledon, two US Open, one Australian Open), reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5.

Järryd was born in Lidköping, Västra Götaland. He also played bandy in Lidköpings AIK, while growing up.
István Déván
István Déván (Slovak: Štefan Déván; 4 November 1891 – 20 April 1977) was a Hungarian track and field athlete and cross-country skier who competed for Hungary in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Winter Olympics.

He was born in Pressburg (Pozsony), Austria-Hungary (today Bratislava, Slovakia) and died in Kempten im Allgäu, West Germany.

In 1912, he was eliminated in the semifinals of the 200 metres competition. He also participated in the 400 metres event but was eliminated in the first round. He was also a member of the Hungarian team, which was eliminated in the first round of the 4x400 metre relay competition.

Twelve years later, he participated in the first Winter Olympics and finished 31st in the 18 km cross-country skiing event.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres
The men's 200 metres was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which has appeared at every edition of the Summer Olympics since the 1900 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on July 10, 1912, and on July 11, 1912. 61 runners from 19 nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Ralph Craig of the United States, the nation's third victory in four Games. Another American, Donald Lippincott, took silver. Great Britain earned its first medal in the 200 metres with Willie Applegarth's bronze.
Asa (given name)
Asa is a given name in several parts of the world. In English, the usual pronunciation is /ˈeɪsə/ or /ˈeɪzə/.

Asa (אסא): derived from the Hebrew language, as the name appears in the Old Testament to designate the third King of Judah, who reigned for forty years. It became a popular American name because of the influence of the Puritans in the 17th century.

Asa: a Hebrew name meaning healer and/or physician (Ase).

Åsa (pronounced "o-sa"): a Swedish name related to one of the most ancient Norse names, referencing Æsir, which means "gods".

Asa (pronounced "asha"): a Yoruba language word which means or refers to the 'hawk' bird.

Asa (pronounced "aa-saa"): an Igbo Nigerian name with the  meaning "Beautiful”

Asa (朝 or あさ) (pronounced "aa-saa"): Japanese name meaning "morning".

Asa: Indonesian for "Hope".

Asa: Portuguese means "Wing".

Asa: Malagasy means "Work."

Asha: Nepali means "Hope"

Asa: Punjabi means “Hope”

Asa: Filipino means “Hope”.

Wise Blood
Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952. The novel was assembled from disparate stories first published in Mademoiselle, The Sewanee Review and Partisan Review. The first chapter is an expanded version of a story from her Master's thesis, "The Train", and other chapters are reworked versions of "The Peeler," "The Heart of the Park" and "Enoch and the Gorilla". The novel concerns a returning World War II veteran who, haunted by a life-long crisis of faith, resolves to form an anti-religious ministry in an eccentric, fictionalized city in the Southern United States after finding his family homestead abandoned without a trace.

The novel received little critical attention when it first appeared but has since come to be appreciated as a classic work of "low comedy and high seriousness" with disturbing religious themes. It was placed 62nd in The Observer's list of 100 greatest novels.
Khaniyapani
Khaniyapani  is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,086 people living in 684 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Richard Tass
Richard Tass is an American politician and former Wyoming state legislator. A member of the Republican Party, Tass represented the 40th district in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021.

Wyoming's 40th House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 40th House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses Johnson County and part of Sheridan County. It is represented by Republican Representative Marilyn Connolly of Buffalo.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.
Saint Ildephonse of Seville Parish Church (Malasiqui)
Saint Ildephonse of Seville Parish Church, commonly known as Malasiqui Church, is a Roman Catholic church in Malasiqui, Pangasinan in the Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan and was formerly a chapel under the parish of San Carlos. Father Juan Camacho was appointed first kura paroko and founded the parish in 1665. The 1660 Revolt caused the transfer from San Carlos to its present site at the town of Malasiqui in 1661–1662. The church celebrates its feast every January 23.

Philippine revolts against Spain
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines (1565–1898), there were several revolts against the Spanish colonial government by indigenous Moro, Lumad, Indios, Chinese (Sangleys), and Insulares (Filipinos of full or near full Spanish descent), often with the goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged to Lumad communities, Maginoo rajah, and Moro datus. Some revolts stemmed from land problems and this was largely the cause of the insurrections that transpired in the agricultural provinces of Batangas, Ilocos sur, Cavite, and Laguna. Natives also rebelled over unjust taxation and forced labor.

Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population sided up with the well-armed colonial government, and to fight with Spanish as foot soldiers to put down the revolts.

In Mindanao and Sulu, a continuous fight for sovereignty was sustained by the Moro people and their allies for the whole duration of Spanish conquest and rule.