hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of the binary message string, with a fixed number of zeroes appended, by the "generator polynomial" string except that exclusive or operations replace subtractions.  Division of this type is efficiently realised in hardware by a modified shift register, and in software by a series of equivalent algorithms, starting with simple code close to the mathematics and becoming faster (and arguably more obfuscated) through byte-wise parallelism and space–time tradeoffs.

Various CRC standards extend the polynomial division algorithm by specifying an initial shift register value, a final Exclusive-Or step and, most critically, a bit ordering (endianness).  As a result, the code seen in practice deviates confusingly from "pure" division, and the register may shift left or right.

Obfuscation (software)
In software development, obfuscation is the practice of creating source or machine code that is intentionally difficult for humans or computers to understand. Similar to obfuscation in natural language, code obfuscation may involve using unnecessarily roundabout ways to write statements. Programmers may obfuscate code to conceal its purpose, logic, or embedded values. The primary reasons for doing so are to prevent tampering, deter reverse engineering, or to create a puzzle or recreational challenge to deobfuscate the code, a challenge often included in crackmes. While obfuscation can be done manually, it is more commonly performed using obfuscators.
CariDee English
CariDee English (born September 23, 1984) is an American fashion model and TV personality who won Cycle 7 of America's Next Top Model in December 2006. Her prize was a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl Cosmetics, a modeling contract with Elite Models, and a six-page fashion editorial and cover for Seventeen magazine. She is the second ANTM winner from North Dakota, the first being Nicole Linkletter of Cycle 5. English was also the host of Oxygen's biggest-premiering show to date, Pretty Wicked.

America's Next Top Model season 5
America's Next Top Model (cycle 5) is the fifth season of the popular reality TV competition America's Next Top Model. This cycle introduced Twiggy and J. Alexander as new judges. The prizes included a contract with Ford Models, a cover and spread in Elle Girl magazine, and a $100,000 USD contract with CoverGirl cosmetics.

The international destination for this cycle was initially set to be London, England, making it the first time the show would be held in a primarily English-speaking international location. However, due to safety concerns following terrorist attacks in London, the final runway show was moved to Los Angeles.

The cast size was reduced from 14 to 13 contestants, a number that remained consistent until cycle 10.

The winner of cycle 5 was 19-year-old Nicole Linkletter from Grand Forks, North Dakota, with Nik Pace finishing as the runner-up.

Lisa D'Amato, who finished in sixth place, would later return and win cycle 17: All-Stars.
Old York Road Symphony
The Old York Road Symphony is an American orchestra based in Abington, Pennsylvania. It is one of the oldest all-volunteer orchestras in the country.  The orchestra was founded in 1932 by Stanley Chute of the theater orchestra of the Old York Road Players, Suzanne C. Meder of the Jenkintown School of Cultural Arts, and Louis Angeloty, who had been concertmaster of the Philadelphia Orchestra. In the spring of 1933, 20 members of the orchestra gave their first concert in the Keswick Theatre in Glenside. In September 1934 the Symphony received its charter as a non-profit organization and has been in continuous operation ever since.  The mission of the orchestra is "to provide an outlet for the interests and talents of serious musicians of all ages while enriching the cultural life of suburban Philadelphia."

Concertmaster
The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister), first chair (US) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra, or the principal clarinetist or oboist in a concert band. After the conductor, the concertmaster is the most significant leader in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble.
Dance of the Happy Shades
Dance of the Happy Shades is a book of short stories by Alice Munro, published by Ryerson Press in 1968. It was her first collection of stories and won the 1968 Governor General's Award for English Fiction. The title of the main story is the English translation provided for the ballet in Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice when it was first presented in London.

1968 Governor General's Awards
Each winner of the 1968 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit was selected by a panel of judges administered by the Canada Council for the Arts.  The year was marked by controversy as both Leonard Cohen and Hubert Aquin refused to accept their awards. Winners were given a cash prize of $2500
Skroutz
Skroutz is a Greek online marketplace, originally founded as a price comparison website in 2005 by George Chatzigeorgiou, George Avgoustidis, and Vasilis Dimos. Chatzigeorgiou serves as president and CEO of the company, Avgoustidis as vice president, and Dimos as a board member. Its headquarters are located in Nea Ionia. The name "Skroutz" is inspired by Scrooge McDuck, a Disney character known for his reluctance to spend large amounts of money.

As of June 2025, according to Similarweb, Skroutz was the most-visited online marketplace in Greece and overall the fifth-most-visited website in the country. It started shipping to other member states of the eurozone in 2023, followed within the same year by countries outside the monetary union such as Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Sweden.

Nea Ionia
Nea Ionia (Greek: Νέα Ιωνία, meaning New Ionia) is a town and a northern suburb of the Athens agglomeration, Greece, and a municipality of the Attica region. It was named after Ionia, the region in Anatolia from which many Greeks migrated in the 1920s as a part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Many of the town families originated from the town of Alanya which is currently a part of Turkey.

Nea Ionia is 7 km northeast of Athens city centre. The municipality has an area of 4.421 km2. It is served by three Line 1 metro stations: Nea Ionia, Pefkakia and Perissos.
Christopher Nolan (author)
Christopher Nolan (6 September 1965 – 20 February 2009) was an Irish poet and author. He was born in Mullingar, Ireland, but later moved to Dublin. He was educated at the Central Remedial Clinic School, Mount Temple Comprehensive School and at Trinity College, Dublin. His first book was published when he was fifteen. He won the Whitbread Book Award for his autobiography in 1987. He was also awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters in the UK, the medal of excellence from the United Nations Society of Writers, and a Person of the Year award in Ireland.

Because of his cerebral palsy, he experienced quadriplegia since birth. He died due to choking on 20 February 2009.

Green (R.E.M. album)
Green is the sixth studio album by American rock band R.E.M., released in the United States on November 8, 1988, by Warner Bros. Records and the following day in the UK and Europe. The second album to be produced by the band and Scott Litt, it continued to explore political issues both in its lyrics and packaging. The band experimented on the album, writing major-key rock songs and incorporating new instruments into their sound including the mandolin, as well as switching their original instruments on other songs.

Green was a critical and commercial success. To promote Green, the band embarked on an 11-month world tour and released four singles from the album: "Orange Crush", "Stand", "Pop Song 89", and "Get Up".
The Truce (1997 film)
The Truce (Italian: La Tregua) is a 1997 film directed by Francesco Rosi, who co-wrote the screenplay with Stefano Rulli and Sandro Petraglia, and its story treatment with Tonino Guerra based on Primo Levi's memoir, The Truce. The film deals with Primo Levi's experiences returning to Italy in 1945 after the Red Army liberated the concentration camp at Auschwitz during the Second World War.  This was Rosi's final film before his death in 2015.

Stefano Rulli
Stefano Rulli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsteːfano ˈrulli]; born 3 October 1949) is an Italian screenwriter. He is best known for his collaborations with fellow screenwriter Sandro Petraglia, including La piovra (1987–1995) and The Best of Youth (2003). Rulli also directed the documentary film Un silenzio particolare (2004), about his son Matteo, who has schizophrenia.
René Le Coq de La Saussaye
René Le Coq de La Saussaye, (died some time after 1613), from Gaillon-sur-Seine (Eure), in France, was appointed agent and lieutenant by Antoinette de Pons, Marquise de Guercheville, for the founding of the mission of Saint Sauveur on Mount Desert Island in the French colony of Acadia.

Mount Desert Island
Mount Desert Island (MDI; French: Île des Monts Déserts; Malecite-Passamaquoddy: Pesamkuk) is the largest island of Maine, United States. Lying in Hancock County off the north-central coast, it has an area of 108 square miles (280 km2), making it the sixth-largest island in the contiguous United States, and the second-largest island on the Eastern Seaboard, behind Long Island and ahead of Martha's Vineyard. According to the 2010 census, the island has a year-round population of 10,615. In 2017, an estimated 3.5 million tourists visited Acadia National Park on MDI. The island is home to numerous well-known summer colonies such as Northeast Harbor and Bar Harbor.
ET-02
ET-02, also known as RS-5441, is a drug which is under development for the treatment of alopecia and hair disorders. It is taken orally or topical, with both routes being developed. The drug's exact mechanism of action has not yet been disclosed. In any case, it is said to target and restore hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). ET-02 was originated by Renascience and is now under development by Eirion Therapeutics. As of July 2025, it is in phase 1 clinical trials for alopecia and no recent development has been reported for hair disorders. The drug was reported to promote significant hair growth after 4 weeks of treatment in humans in a phase 1 trial and to do so more rapidly than minoxidil. As with its mechanism of action, the chemical structure of ET-02 does not yet appear to have been disclosed.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
The Road to South African Freedom
The Road to South African Freedom is a political programme adopted by the South African Communist Party (SACP) in 1962. It provided a theoretical and strategic framework for the Party’s involvement in the anti-apartheid movement and became influential in shaping the direction of the broader Congress Alliance and ANC strategies during the struggle for liberation.

The document was released in the wake of increasing state repression following the Sharpeville massacre of 1960 and the banning of key liberation organisations such as the African National Congress (ANC) and Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). It sought to chart a course of resistance that linked the national democratic struggle with socialist transformation.

Strategy and Tactics of the ANC
Strategy and Tactics of the ANC is a foundational policy document of the African National Congress (ANC), first adopted at the organisation's 1st National Consultative Conference in Tanzania in 1969. It provides an ideological framework and strategic guide for achieving the ANC's objective of a National Democratic Revolution (NDR).

In the wake of the ANC's banning in 1960, its leadership in exile convened a consultative conference in Morogoro, where Strategy and Tactics was adopted to chart a unified path for the liberation movement. The document was particularly aimed at reconciling the political and military strategies of the ANC and its armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), formed in 1961.
The Jury of Fate
The Jury of Fate is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Tod Browning. Mabel Taliaferro plays a brother and sister dual role in the film, which is set in Canada. With no prints of The Jury of Fate located in any film archives, it is a lost film.

Dual role
A dual role (also known as a double role) is an instance of one actor playing two roles in a single production. Dual roles (or a larger number of roles for an actor) may be deliberately written into a script, or may instead be a choice made during production, often due to a low budget. In film and television, dual roles are often used for comic effect, or to depict identical twins or other relatives. In a theatrical production where more than one actor plays multiple characters, it is sometimes referred to as an "Ironman" cast.
Pluchea dentex
Pluchea dentex is a plant in the Asteraceae family, first described in 1867 by George Bentham, from specimens collected in Queensland by Robert Brown at Broad Sound and Thirsty Sound,  by Ferdinand von Mueller at the source of the Gilbert River, and one by Eugene Fitzalan at Port Denison.

It is found in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland and the Northern Territory.

Bowen, Queensland
Bowen is a coastal town and locality in the Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Bowen had a population of 11,205 people.

The locality contains two other towns:

Heronvale (20°06′25″S 148°17′36″E﻿ / ﻿20.107°S 148.2933°E﻿ / -20.107; 148.2933﻿ (Heronvale, Queensland))

Merinda (20°00′59″S 148°09′53″E﻿ / ﻿20.0164°S 148.1647°E﻿ / -20.0164; 148.1647﻿ (Merinda, Queensland)).

The Abbot Point coal shipping port is also within the locality (19°52′54″S 148°04′46″E﻿ / ﻿19.8816°S 148.0795°E﻿ / -19.8816; 148.0795﻿ (Abbot Point)).
2008 Men's Australian Hockey League
The 2008 Men's Australian Hockey League was the 18th edition of the men's field hockey tournament. The tournament was held in Australia's capital city, Canberra.

The WA Thundersticks won the gold medal for the seventh time by defeating the QLD Blades 4–2 in the final.

Queensland Blades
The Queensland Blades are a men's Australian field hockey team, representing Queensland in the Australian Hockey League.

The Blades have been the most successful team to play in recent years. Their home ground is the State Hockey Centre at Colmslie in Brisbane, Queensland.

They have also competed under the name Brisbane Baldes. And between the years 1993–2000, Queensland also provided a second team in the National Competition, the North Queensland Barras.

The team were champions in the 2007 AHL final played in Perth, Western Australia on 1 April 2007, beating the WA Thundersticks.

In 2010 the Queensland Blades defeated the New South Wales Waratahs in the AHL final to win the championship.

They have since also won the 2012, 2013 and 2015 editions.
Dio of Alexandria
Dio of Alexandria (/ˈdiːoʊ/; Greek: Δίων) was an Academic Skeptic philosopher and a friend of Antiochus of Ascalon who lived in the first century BC. Along with being an Academic Skeptic, Dio was an avid believer in the Greek gods and Titans, specifically worshipping the personification of time, Chronos. He was sent by his fellow citizens as ambassador to Rome, leading a delegation of a hundred citizens, to complain about the conduct of their king, Ptolemy XII Auletes.  In Rome in 57 BC he was poisoned by the king's secret agents, and the strongest suspicion of the murder fell upon Marcus Caelius.  The defence of Caelius in April 56 BC, the Pro Caelio, is considered one of Cicero's and indeed Rome's greatest orations.

His brother was the wrestler Topsius (Ancient Greek: Τόψιος).

Marcus Caelius Rufus
Marcus Caelius Rufus (died 48 BC) was an orator and politician in the late Roman Republic. He was born into a wealthy equestrian family from Interamnia Praetuttiorum, on the central east coast of Italy. He is best known for his prosecution of Gaius Antonius Hybrida in 59 BC. He was also known for his trial for public violence (de vi publica) in March 56 BC, when Cicero defended him in the extant speech Pro Caelio, and as both recipient and author of some of the best-written letters in the ad Familiares corpus of Cicero's extant correspondence (Book 8).  He may be the Rufus named in the poems of Catullus.
Chuck Hunter
Chuck Hunter is a Democratic member of the Montana Legislature.  He was elected to House District 79 which represents a portion of the Lewis and Clark County area.

Hunter served as Minority Leader of the House during the 2013-2014 session and the 2015-2016 session.

Lewis and Clark County, Montana
Lewis and Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,973. Its county seat is Helena, the state capital. The numerical designation for Lewis and Clark County (used in the issuance of the state's license plates) is 5. The county was established on June 2, 1865, as one of the nine original counties of the Territory of Montana named Edgerton County in honor of Sidney Edgerton, first Governor of the Territory of Montana, and was renamed Lewis and Clark County on March 1, 1868, in honor of explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Lewis and Clark County is part of the Helena, Montana Micropolitan Statistical Area, and comprises the entirety of the Helena media market.
Sir Anderson Critchett, 1st Baronet
Sir George Anderson Critchett, 1st Baronet, KCVO, FRCSE (18 December 1845 – 9 February 1925) was a British surgeon. He was Surgeon-Oculist to Edward VII from 1901 to 1910 and to George V from 1910 to 1918 and Surgeon-Oculist-in-Ordinary to George V from 1918 to 1925.

Critchett was knighted in 1901, appointed CVO in 1905, and promoted KCVO in 1919. He was created a Baronet, of Harley Street in the Borough of St Marylebone in 1908.

His brother was the actor and playwright R. C. Carton.

Harley Street
Harley Street is a street in Marylebone, Central London, named after Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer and part of the Howard de Walden Estate. The nearest London Underground stations are Regent's Park, Great Portland Street and Oxford Circus. It is known for having a high concentration of doctors and medical practitioners.
Gorsky (surname)
Gorsky (masculine, Russian: Горский) or Gorskaya (feminine, Russian: Горская) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Gorsky (born 1960), American businessman, former chairman and CEO of Johnson & Johnson

Alexander Alexeyevich Gorsky (1871–1924), Russian ballet dancer and choreographer

Alexander Vasilyevich Gorsky (1812–1875), Russian historian

Anatoly Gorsky (c. 1907–1980), Soviet espionage agent

Doreen Gorsky (1912–2001), English politician

Eugene Gorsky (born 1980), American guitarist

Ivan Gorsky (1893–1975), Soviet geologist and paleontologist

Vladimir Gorsky (1953–2008), Russian-American painter

Vyacheslav Gorsky (born 1953), Russian pianist

Yana Gorskaya (born 1977), Russian film editor

Alexander Alexeyevich Gorsky
Alexander Alekseyevich Gorsky (Russian: Александр Алексеевич Горский; August 6, 1871 – 1924) was a Russian ballet choreographer and a contemporary of Marius Petipa, known for restaging Petipa's classical ballets such as Swan Lake, Don Quixote, and The Nutcracker.

Gorsky "sought greater naturalism, realism, and characterization" in ballet. He valued acting skills over bravura technique (a showy display of skills such as many turns or high jumps). His interpretations of ballets were often controversial and he often used artists outside the dance world to create sets and costumes. The victim of deteriorating mental health in his later life, he died in a mental hospital.
George Bernard Reynolds
George Bernard Reynolds (5 April 1853 – 23 February 1925) was a British geologist and oil industry executive who played a significant role in the development of Iran's oil industry in 1908 as well as Venezuela in 1922. He is often associated with William Knox D'Arcy, an English entrepreneur who obtained a concession from the Iranian government to explore and extract oil in Iran.

History of the Venezuelan oil industry
Venezuela has the world's largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 304 billion barrels (18% of global reserves) as of 2020. The country was once one of the world's largest exporters of oil. Oil production peaked in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

In 2008, crude oil production in Venezuela was the tenth-highest in the world at 2,394,020 barrels per day (380,619 m3/d) and the country was also the eighth-largest net oil exporter in the world. Venezuela is a founding member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
James Sykes (governor)
James Sykes (March 27, 1761 – October 18, 1822) was an American medical doctor and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as Governor of Delaware.

Kent County, Delaware
Kent County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Delaware. As of the 2020 census, the population was 181,851, making it the least populous county in Delaware, but the most populous county in the United States to be the least populous in its state. The county seat is Dover, the state capital of Delaware. It is named for Kent, an English county.

Kent County comprises the Dover metropolitan area, which is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area.
Mick Cremin
John Francis "Mick" Cremin (14 May 1923 – 13 January 2011) was an Australian rugby union player. Born in Sydney, he graduated from Sydney Boys High School in 1939 and later the University of Sydney. He played for Randwick and New South Wales before making his Test debut against New Zealand at Dunedin on 14 September 1946.

Cremin played as a fly-half in three Tests and 19 matches for Australia. He was renowned as a strategist and became one of the Wallabies' most influential players in the post-World War II period. He died in Sydney on 13 January 2011, aged 87.

Randwick DRUFC
Randwick District Rugby Union Football Club, also known as the Galloping Greens, is an Australian rugby union club based in Randwick City Council, a Local Government Area in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. The team competes in the Sydney premier grade rugby union competition. The club was formed in 1882.

It has won 32 first grade premierships and six Australian club championships. It is one of the traditional powerhouses of the Shute Shield competition, winning 14 titles from 1978 to 1996. Randwick's colours are myrtle green and the club's home ground is Coogee Oval.

In the 1980s the club produced many Australia national rugby union team members ("Wallabies"), including the Ella brothers. Its history has seen many of Australia's best players represent the club, including George Gregan, Rocky Elsom and David Campese. In all, 93 Randwick players have pulled on a Wallaby jersey, and nine have become national team captain.