hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Black box group
In computational group theory, a black box group (black-box group) is a group G whose elements are encoded by bit strings of length N, and group operations are performed by an oracle (the "black box"). These operations include:

taking a product g·h of elements g and h,

taking an inverse g−1 of element g,

deciding whether g = 1.

This class is defined to include both the permutation groups and the matrix groups. The upper bound on the order of G given by |G| ≤ 2N shows that G is finite.

Oracle machine
In complexity theory and computability theory, an oracle machine is an abstract machine that can query a black box called an oracle, which is able to give an answer to any instance of a certain problem ⁠⁠ in a single operation. The problem ⁠⁠ can be of any complexity class, or it can even be an undecidable problem such as the halting problem. If another problem ⁠⁠ is reducible to ⁠⁠ in polynomial time, then the oracle machine (with the ⁠⁠-oracle) can solve ⁠⁠ in polynomial time; one can say that ⁠⁠ is in the relativized complexity class ⁠⁠. Other relativized complexity classes such as ⁠⁠ can be defined analogously.
Khelsai Singh
Khelsai Singh  (1 January 1947 Shivpur, Surguja district (Madhya Pradesh)) is a leader from Chhattisgarh. He was a member of the Lok Sabha representing Surguja (Lok Sabha constituency). He was elected to 10th, 11th and 13th Lok Sabha.

Sarguja Lok Sabha constituency
Surguja Lok Sabha constituency is one of the eleven Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Chhattisgarh state in central India. Chintamani Maharaj is the incumbent elected MP from the constituency following the 2024 Indian general election.
Paiján District
Paiján District is one of eight districts of the province Ascope in Peru. The district of Paiján is one of the eight districts of the province of Ascope, located in the Department of La Libertad, under the administration of the regional government of La Libertad, in the northern part of Peru. It borders on the north with the district of Rázuri; To the east with the district of Casa Grande; To the south with the district of Chocope; To the west with the district of Rázuri.

From the hierarchical point of view of the Catholic Church it is part of the Archdiocese of Trujillo. Paiján is one of the seven districts that make up the province of Ascope and one of the districts with the largest population after the district of Casa Grande. According to information from the INEI (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics) It has a population of 25, 584 inhabitants.

Districts of Peru
The districts of Peru (Spanish: distritos) are the third-level country subdivisions of Peru. They are subdivisions of the provinces, which in turn are subdivisions of the larger regions or departments. There are 1,838 districts in total.
Z. Randall Stroope
Zane Randall Stroope (born October 25, 1953) is an American composer and conductor. He has published more than 190 works, with: Oxford University Press, Carl Fischer, Alliance Music Publishing, Walton, Colla Voce, and Lorenz.

Carl Fischer Music
Carl Fischer Music is an American sheet music publisher. It was founded in 1872 in the East Village neighborhood of New York City as a musical instrument repair shop. Except for a brief period in the early 1930s, it has always been the family-owned business of the Fischer-Connor family. They publish both performance and educational music for students, teachers, and virtuosos.
Khalid Al Qassimi
Sheikh Khalid bin Faisal bin Sultan Al Qassimi (Arabic: الشيخ خالد بن فيصل بن سلطان القاسمي; born 18 February 1972) is a rally driver from the United Arab Emirates, and a member of the royal house of Al Qasimi who rule the Emirates of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah, and has competed in the World Rally Championship and Dakar Rally.

Ras Al Khaimah
Ras Al Khaimah (Arabic: رَأْس ٱلْخَيْمَة; /raʔs͜ ɪlˈxajma/, Emirati Arabic : [räːs͜ ɪlχe̞ːmɛ] ), often referred to its initials RAK, is an industrial port city and the largest city and capital of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah in the U.A.E. The city had a population of 191,753 people in 2025, and is the sixth-most populous city in UAE after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Al Ain and Ajman. The city is divided by a creek into two parts: old town in the west and Al Nakheel in the east. The town is the successor to the Islamic era port and trading hub of Julfar.
Lisa's Date with Density
"Lisa's Date with Density" is the seventh episode of the eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 15, 1996. It was written by Mike Scully and directed by Susie Dietter. The episode sees Lisa develop a crush on Nelson Muntz. When they start dating and Lisa is unable to reform him, she ends their relationship. In the subplot, Homer uses an autodialer in a telemarketing scheme that annoys all of Springfield's residents.

Gauze
Gauze is a thin, translucent fabric with a loose open weave.  In technical terms, "gauze" is a weave structure in which the weft yarns are arranged in pairs and are crossed before and after each warp yarn, keeping the weft firmly in place. This weave structure is used to add stability to the fabric, which is important when using fine yarns loosely spaced. However, this weave structure can be used with any weight of yarn, and can be seen in some rustic textiles made from coarse hand-spun plant fiber yarns. Gauze is widely used for medical dressings.

Gauze can also be made of non-woven fabric.
The World Is Yours (Rich the Kid album)
The World Is Yours is the debut studio album by American rapper Rich the Kid. It was released on March 30, 2018, by Interscope Records and Rich Forever Music. The album features guest appearances from Rich Forever Music labelmate Jay Critch, alongside Chris Brown, Kendrick Lamar, Lil Wayne, Khalid, Rick Ross, Swae Lee of Rae Sremmurd, Trippie Redd, and Quavo and Offset of Migos, among others.

The World Is Yours was supported by four singles: "New Freezer" featuring Kendrick Lamar, "Plug Walk", "Dead Friends" and "Leave Me". The album was met with favorable reviews and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on March 9, 2020.

Apple Music 1
Apple Music 1, previously branded as Beats 1, is a 24/7 music radio station owned and operated by Apple Inc. It is accessible through iTunes or the Apple Music app on a computer, smartphone or tablet, smart speaker (such as the Apple HomePod), and through the Apple Music web browser app.

While a paid subscription is not needed, users are required to sign in with an Apple ID account to listen to the free radio stations. Apple Music Radio is streamed at 64 kbit/s and 256 kbit/s, utilising HTTP Live Streaming protocol and the HE-AAC audio codec, powered by StreamS Live Encoder.

Apple Music also operates five sister stations.
Herbert William Garratt
Herbert William Garratt (8 June 1864 – 25 September 1913) was an English mechanical engineer and the inventor of the Garratt system of articulated locomotives.

Garratt began his engineering career by serving an apprenticeship under John Carter Park, locomotive superintendent of the North London Railway, from 1879 to 1882 at the Bow works. He gained further experience at Doxford's marine engineering works in Sunderland and later as an inspector for Sir Charles Fox and Sir Alexander Rendel. Garratt joined the Argentine Central Railway in 1889, where he became Locomotive Superintendent in 1892, and between 1900 and 1906 he worked for railways in Cuba, Lagos and Lima (Peru). In 1902, Garratt was elected to membership of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. He returned to England in 1906, taking on a role inspecting locomotives built for the New South Wales Government Railways by British manufacturers.

North London Railway
The North London Railway (NLR) company had lines connecting the northern suburbs of London with the Port of London further east. The main east to west route is now part of London Overground's North London Line. Other NLR lines fell into disuse but were later revived as part of the Docklands Light Railway, and London Overground's East London Line. The company was originally called the East and West India Docks and Birmingham Junction Railway (E&WID&BJR) from its start in 1850, until 1853. In 1909, it entered into an agreement with the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) which introduced common management, and the NLR was taken over completely by the LNWR in 1922. The LNWR itself became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) from the start of 1923. The railways were nationalised in 1948 and most LMS lines, including the North London route, then came under the control of the London Midland Region of British Railways.
Skull: The Mask
Skull: The Mask (Portuguese: Skull: A Máscara de Anhangá) is a 2020 Brazilian slasher film written and directed by Armando Fonseca and Kapel Furman. It stars Natallia Rodrigues as a detective investigating the ancient mask of Anhangá—a vassal of a Pre-Columbian era god—who is incarnated and embarks on a sacrificial killing spree. The film is an international co-production of Brazil and the United States.

Skull: The Mask premiered digitally as part of the Chattanooga Film Festival on 22 May 2020. The film is available for streaming on Shudder as of 27 May 2021.

Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe and elsewhere. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.

In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) is sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
Matsunagachō, Tokyo
Matsunagachō (松永町), officially Kanda-Matsunagachō (神田松永町), is a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. As of April 1, 2007, its population is 80. Its postal code is 101-0023.

Kanda-Matsunagachō is located on the northeastern part of Chiyoda. It borders Akihabara, Taitō to the north; Taitō, Taitō and Kanda-Izumichō, Chiyoda to the east; Kanda-Sakumachō to the south; Kanda-Hanaokachō to the southwest; and Kanda-Aioichō and Kanda-Neribeichō to the west.

While no station is located within Matsunagachō, the Akihabara Station is located to the south of the district.

Taitō
Taitō (台東区, Taitō-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. In English, it is known as Taitō City.

As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 186,276, and a population density of 18,420 persons per km2. The total area is 10.11 square kilometres (3.90 sq mi). This makes Taito ward the smallest of Tokyo's wards in area, and third-smallest in population.
Sales and operations planning
Sales and operations planning (S&OP) is a business management process that integrates demand forecasting with supply planning to create a plan that tries to balance demand with available resources.

The process brings together sales forecasts, production capacity, inventory levels, and budgets so that different parts of the company work from the same assumptions. These plans are reviewed and updated as conditions change.

By comparing expected customer demand with available supply, managers using S&OP are intended to be able to understand how the business is performing now and what is likely to happen next.

S&OP is intended to facilitate better supply chains management by aligning demand and supply.

Management process
A management process is a process of setting goals, planning and/or controlling the organising and leading the execution of any type of activity, such as:

A project (project management process), or

A process (process management process, sometimes referred to as the process performance measurement and management system)

An organization's senior management is responsible for carrying out its management process. However, this is not always the case for all management processes, for example, sometimes it is the responsibility of the project manager to carry out a project management process.
Geniaware srl
Geniaware srl was an Italian computer and video game developer owned by FishEagle, a digital media investment company. Formed in 2008 the Geniaware's headquarters resides in Reggio Emilia (Italy), whilst the development studio resides in Savona on the Italian Riviera, 40 minutes from Genoa airport, and within 80 minutes of the Italian Alps.

Geniaware's development team is made up of international video game industry veterans who are currently working on a multi platform title. It is titled Lords of Football and is developed for next-gen consoles and PC.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Élodie Jacquier-Laforge
Élodie Jacquier-Laforge (born 15 April 1978) is a French politician representing the Democratic Movement. She was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Isère.

From 2004 until 2016, Jacquier-Laforge served as the parliamentary assistant to Jacqueline Gourault.

In parliament, Jacquier-Laforge serves as member of the Committee on Legal Affairs.

She was reelected in the 2002 elections. She has been vice-president of the National Assembly from 2022 to 2024.

Democratic Movement (France)
The Democratic Movement (French: Mouvement démocrate, pronounced [muvmɑ̃ demɔkʁat]; MoDem [mɔdɛm]) is a centre to centre-right political party in France. MoDem was established by François Bayrou to succeed the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and contest the 2007 legislative election, after his strong showing in the 2007 presidential election. Initially named the Democratic Party (Parti démocrate), the party was renamed "Democratic Movement", because there was already a small Democratic Party in France.

MoDem secured an agreement with La République En Marche! (LRM) — later Renaissance (RE) — in the 2017 legislative election after Bayrou had endorsed the candidacy of Emmanuel Macron in February. The two parties have since been in alliance, as of late named Ensemble.

The party's founder and leader Bayrou served as Prime Minister of France from December 2024 to September 2025.
Empire in Flames
Empire in Flames is a supplement published by Games Workshop in 1989 as the final installment of The Enemy Within Campaign created for the fantasy role-playing game Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay. Many players found this product disappointing, and in a later edition of the campaign, it was heavily revised.

Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay
Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay or Warhammer Fantasy Role-Play (abbreviated to WFRP or WHFRP) is a role-playing game set in the Warhammer Fantasy setting, published by Games Workshop or its licensees.

The first edition of WFRP was published in 1986 and later re-published by Hogshead Publishing. The second edition developed by Green Ronin Publishing was published in 2004 by Black Industries. Fantasy Flight Games published a third edition under licence in November 2009. This edition used a new system retaining few mechanics of the original. Then the fourth edition rooted in the first and second editions was released under licence by Cubicle 7 in 2018.
Jules de Polignac
Jules Auguste Armand Marie de Polignac, Count of Polignac (French: [ʒyl də pɔliɲak]; 14 May 1780 – 30 March 1847), then Prince of Polignac, and briefly 3rd Duke of Polignac in 1847, was a French statesman and ultra-royalist politician after the Revolution. He served as prime minister under Charles X, just before the July Revolution in 1830 that overthrew the senior line of the House of Bourbon.

Rumbold baronets
The Rumbold Baronetcy, of Wood Hall in Watton in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 27 March 1779 for the politician and colonial administrator Thomas Rumbold. The second Baronet was Minister at Hamburg. The fifth Baronet was President of Nevis and of the Virgin Islands. The eighth Baronet was Ambassador to Austria from 1896 to 1900. The ninth Baronet was also a distinguished diplomat and served as Ambassador to Germany from 1928 to 1933. The tenth Baronet was Ambassador to Thailand and Austria.
Asteelflash Group
Asteelflash Group is a French multinational electronics contract manufacturing company specializing in printed circuit board assembly and also offering design and aftermarket services.

Headquartered in Neuilly-Plaisance, France, it is the second largest electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company in Europe and ranks among top 20 worldwide with manufacturing operations in 18 countries, totaling approximately 2 million square feet and 5,700 employees.

Neuilly-Plaisance
Neuilly-Plaisance (French pronunciation: [nœji plɛzɑ̃s] ⓘ) is a commune in Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France. It is considered part of the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 11.8 km (7.3 mi) from the center of Paris.

The composer Alain Margoni was born in Neuilly-Plaisance on 13 October 1934.
Papcastle railway station
Papcastle railway station was on the single track Derwent Branch of the Maryport and Carlisle Railway (M&CR) in the then county of Cumberland, now Cumbria, England.

The station was opened in 1867, situated over a mile from the village of Papcastle. Sidings to the substantial Broughtoncraggs Quarry led off the line opposite the station.

Workington railway station
Workington railway station serves the coastal town of Workington, in Cumbria, England. It is a stop on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
Bown
Bown is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Bown (born 1946), English musician

Archie Bown (1882–1958), English football (soccer) striker

Arthur Bown (1851–1916), English architect

Chuck Bown (born 1954), NASCAR champion

Heather Bown (born 1978), American volleyball player

Henry Edwin Bown (1845–1881), English architect

Jane Bown (1925–2014), British photographer

Jim Bown (born 1960), NASCAR driver

John Young Bown (1821–1890), Canadian physician

Paul Bown (born 1957), British actor

Ralph Bown (1891–1971), American radio pioneer

Stuart Bown (born 1978), Australian rules footballer

Heather Bown
Heather Erin Bown (born November 29, 1978) is an American retired volleyball player who played as a middle-blocker. She represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. There she finished in fifth place with the USA national team. She also competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Bown made her third straight Olympic appearance in Beijing, helping Team USA to a silver medal.
Allen & Grier
Allen & Grier is a folk rock parody duo that in 1963 released the comedy album Better To Be Rich Than Ethnic on Vee Jay Records. The duo consisted of musician Jake Holmes as Allen and his wife Katherine "Kay" Holmes as Grier. The two met at Bennington College and decided to write songs that mocked the popular folk music of the time. The result was an album that, according to interviews Jake Holmes has given, earned the pair the label "the most tasteless folk group ever" from Pete Seeger.

Comedy album
A comedy album is an audio recording of comedic material from a comedian or group of comedians, usually performed either live or in a studio. Comedy albums may feature skits, humorous songs, and/or live recording of stand-up comedy performances, but the most common type of comedy albums are stand up, and are often made in conjunction with a DVD with recorded video of a particular comedy show.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1937–1940
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council were mostly elected at the 1933 election. A further 15 were elected by a joint sitting of the New South Wales Parliament in December 1936. The President was Sir John Peden.

Parliament of New South Wales
The Parliament of New South Wales, formally the Legislature of New South Wales, is the bicameral legislative body of the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). It consists of the Monarch, the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the New South Wales Legislative Council (upper house). Each house is directly elected by the people of New South Wales at elections held approximately every four years. The legislative authority of the parliament derives from section 5 of the Constitution Act 1902 (NSW). The power to make laws that apply to New South Wales is shared with the Federal (or Commonwealth) Parliament. The houses of the New South Wales Parliament follow the Westminster parliamentary traditions, green and red chamber colours and protocols for the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council, respectively. The houses of the legislature are located in Parliament House on Macquarie Street in Sydney.
Fetus-X
Fetus-X was a weekly romantic horror comic written and drawn by Eric Millikin and Casey Sorrow. Millikin is an American artist and former human anatomy lab embalmer and dissectionist. Sorrow is an internationally known American illustrator and printmaker.

Fetus-X has been published in newspapers, books, and as a webcomic since late 1999. The first Fetus-X comics were drawn by artist Casey Sorrow, who later left to create the comic Feral Calf. The storylines of Fetus-X generally revolve around Millikin's use of the occult in both romantic relationships and battles with various ghosts, demons, aliens, and monsters. The artwork is mixed media, combining expressionist paintings with found objects. The text is often written in free verse. Early comics are in black and white, but after 2002 most are full color.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.