hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura
The Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura (transl. Colombian Yearbook of Social History and Culture), founded in 1963 by Jaime Jaramillo Uribe, is the academic journal of the Department of History of the National University of Colombia. It is funded by the Faculty of Human Sciences at the university's headquarters in Bogotá. Although it mainly publishes research on Colombian history, it also accepts research on Latin American and world history, as well as historiography. It has been recognised as the main publication of Colombian historical studies. Authors are national and international scholars.

The journal currently publishes two issues annually. Its editor is Max S. Hering Torres.

World history (field)
World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective. It emerged centuries ago; some leading practitioners have included Voltaire (1694–1778), Hegel (1770–1831), Karl Marx (1818–1883), Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), and Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975). The field became much more active (in terms of university teaching, textbooks, scholarly journals, and academic associations) in the late 20th century.

It is not to be confused with comparative history, which, like world history, deals with the history of multiple cultures and nations, but does not do so on a global scale. World historians use a thematic approach, with two major focal points: integration (how processes of world history have drawn people of the world together) and difference (how patterns of world history reveal the diversity of the human experience).
Washington State Department of Licensing
The Washington State Department of Licensing (DOL) is a department of the Washington state government that administers vehicle and vessel registration and issues driver's licenses. It also regulates licensing for certain professions, including architects, cosmetologists, geologists, private investigators, real estate brokers, and security guards. The agency also maintains a database of firearms transactions and ownership that is used by law enforcement in the state.

Cosmetology
Cosmetology (from Greek κοσμητικός, kosmētikos, "beautifying"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study and application of beauty treatment. Branches of specialty include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non-permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring, and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and intense pulsed light (IPL).

In the United States as of 2008, an occupational license is required in all states to be a cosmetologist, with the average cost of a certificate from a for-profit school being $17,000 and 1,500 required hours (ten times the hours required for an EMT) with cosmetologists making a median wage of $25,000.
Theiss UAV Solutions
Theiss UAV Solutions, formerly known as Theiss Aviation, is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Salem, Ohio. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of unmanned aerial vehicles and at one time produced ultralight aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction.

The president is Rachel Theiss and vice president is Shawn Theiss.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".
Arcesilaus (satrap)
Arcesilaus (Greek: Ἀρκεσίλαος) was one of Alexander the Great's generals.

Following the death of Alexander, Arcesilaus was allotted Mesopotamia in the Partition of Babylon in 323 BCE, which he may have administered since as early as 331 BCE.  He supported Perdiccas, and may have been deposed or forced to flee his satrapy for this reason.  Nothing concrete is known about him after 323 BCE, but it is also believed that he may have been an opponent of Seleucus.  In any case, by the Partition of Triparadisus in 320 BCE, Arcesilaus had fallen from influence, as he was replaced in his satrapy by Amphimachus.

Death of Alexander the Great
The death of Alexander the Great and subsequent related events have been the subjects of debates. According to a Babylonian astronomical diary, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II in Babylon between the evening of 10 June and the evening of 11 June 323 BC, at the age of 32.

Macedonians and local residents wept at the news of the death, while Achaemenid subjects were forced to shave their heads. The mother of Darius III, Sisygambis, having learned of Alexander's death, became depressed and killed herself later. Historians vary in their assessments of primary sources about Alexander's death, which has resulted in different views about its cause and circumstances.
AKBAN
AKBAN is a martial arts school founded in Israel in 1986. The name AKBAN corresponds to the Arabic عقبان (ʿuqbān), meaning 'eagles' or 'hawks' (plural of عقاب ʿuqāb), which is reflected in the organization's logo featuring two birds of prey.

The school was founded as a Bujinkan Ninjutsu academy with a curriculum that includes martial arts, fitness training, and emotional regulation. The curriculum has diversified to include Historical European martial arts, MMA and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu while maintaining traditional Japanese martial arts elements. AKBAN operates dojos in Israel, Europe, and North America. The school has been involved in search and rescue operations, with Israeli media reporting on AKBAN's volunteer rescue team activities.

Ninjutsu
Ninjutsu (忍術; [ɲiꜜɲ.dʑɯ.tsɯ]), shinobi no jutsu (忍びの術; [ɕi.no.bʲi no dʑɯ.tsɯꜜ]) and ninpō (忍法; [ɲiꜜm.poː]) are terms for the techniques and skills used by covert operatives, irregular warfare specialists and intelligence gatherers in pre-modern Japan known as ninja. Some of these techniques are recorded in ninja scrolls, several of which have been published and translated. The study of these scrolls have changed the perception of ninja and ninjutsu.

While there are martial arts schools that claim to be modern styles of ninjutsu, the historical lineage of these styles only go as far back as the 1950s.
Roussette de Savoie
Roussette de Savoie (French pronunciation: [ʁusɛt də savwa]) is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for white wine in the Savoy wine region of France. The AOC covers much of the Western part of the Savoie AOC for wines made at least in part from the regional grape variety known as Altesse, also called Roussette. Roussette de Savoie is the second-largest appellation in Savoie and is responsible (as of 2012) for approximately 10% of the region's production.

The late-ripening grape Altesse is the only permitted variety in the appellation. Formerly, wines that were designated merely as Roussette de Savoie AOC (rather than with some specific Cru) were blended with up to 50% Chardonnay, although blending with Chardonnay is no longer permitted.

Roussette de Savoie's high acidity give it the potential to age. These dry white wines typically have a nose of violet and mountain herbs with flavors of minerals, bergamot, honey and hazelnut.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
2001 South American U-20 Championship
The 2001 South American U-20 Championship (Sudamericana sub-20) was a football competition contested by all ten U-20 national football teams of CONMEBOL. The tournament was held in Ecuador between 12 January and 4 February 2003, it was the 20th time the competition has been held and the 2nd to take place in Ecuador. Brazil won their 8th trophy.

The teams are separated in two groups of five, and each team plays four matches in a pure round-robin stage. The three top competitors advance to a single final group of six, wherein each team plays five matches. The top four teams in the final group qualify to the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship.

Paraguay national under-20 football team
Paraguay national under-20 football team represents Paraguay in international football competitions such as FIFA U-20 World Cup and South American Youth Football Championship.

The team's most successful period was mostly during 2001 to 2003 and once again in 2006, achieving Fourth place at the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship before winning back-to-back tournaments at the Milk Cup in 2002 and 2003 and once again in 2006. Paraguay also won the 2002 SBS Cup disputed in Shizuoka Japan.
Heaven Hai
Heaven Hai Yu-fen (Chinese: 海裕芬; born May 19, 1977), also known as Hai Fen, is a Taiwanese host, actress, entrepreneur and television producer. She had her debut as a host for TVBS-G, on Entertainment News, and has appeared in several television series and films since 2009. In 2016, she was nominated for the Golden Bell Award for Best Newcomer in a Television Series for War Family.

TVBS Entertainment Channel
TVBS Entertainment Channel (formerly TVBS-G) is a satellite television channel in Taiwan, launched on 12 September 1994.

TVBS Entertainment Channel rebroadcasts Hong Kong dramas from TVB, yet also produces its own dramas since 2003.
Chualar train-bus collision
The Chualar bus crash took place on September 17, 1963, when a freight train collided with a makeshift "bus"— a flatbed truck with two long benches and a canopy— carrying 58 migrant farmworkers on a railroad crossing outside Chualar in the Salinas Valley, California, United States, killing 32 people and injuring 25.  The crash is ranked as the deadliest automobile accident in U.S. history, according to the National Safety Council.

The collision was a factor in the decision by Congress in 1964 to terminate the bracero program, despite its strong support among farmers. It also helped spur the Chicano Civil Rights Movement.

Freight train
A freight train, goods train, or cargo train, is a railway train that is used to carry cargo, as opposed to passengers. Freight trains are made up of one or more locomotives which provide propulsion, along with one or more railroad cars (also known as wagons) which carry freight. A wide variety of cargoes are carried on trains, but the low friction inherent to rail transport means that freight trains are especially suited to carrying bulk and heavy loads over longer distances.
Papilloma
A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) (papillo- + -oma) is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple).

When used without context, it frequently refers to infections (squamous cell papilloma) caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV), most commonly in the form of warts. Human papillomavirus infections are a major cause of cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer, and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Most viral warts are caused by human papillomavirus infection (HPV). There are nearly 200 distinct human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and many types are carcinogenic. There are, however, a number of other conditions that cause papillomas, and in many cases the cause may be uncertain.

Nipple
The nipple is a raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast from which, in lactating females, milk from the mammary gland leaves the body through the lactiferous ducts to nurse an infant. The milk can flow through the nipple passively, or it can be ejected by smooth muscle contractions that occur along with the ductal system. The nipple is surrounded by the areola, which is often a darker colour than the surrounding skin.

When referring to non-humans, the female nipple is often called a teat. "Nipple" or "teat" can also be used to describe the flexible mouthpiece of a baby bottle. Male mammals also have nipples, but without the same level of function or prominence.

In humans, the nipples of both females and males can be sexually stimulated as part of sexual arousal. In many cultures, female nipples are sexualized, or regarded as sex objects and evaluated in terms of their physical characteristics and sex appeal. As such, there are often mores for their coverage.
West Bletchley
West Bletchley is a district and civil parish that covers the western part of Bletchley, a constituent town of Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, England. The parish consists of that part of Bletchley which is south of Standing Way/H8 (A421), west of the West Coast Main Line, and north of Water Eaton Brook. The remainder of Bletchley is combined with Fenny Stratford to form the parish of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford.

River Ouzel
The River Ouzel /ˈuːzəl/, also known as the River Lovat, is a river in England, and a tributary of the River Great Ouse. It rises in the Chiltern Hills and flows 20 miles (32 km) north to join the Ouse at Newport Pagnell.

It is usually called the River Ouzel, except near Newport Pagnell where both names are used. The name Lovat was recorded (in the form 'Lovente') in the thirteenth century, a map of 1724 marks the river as "Lowsel R", and a map surveyed in 1765 shows it as 'Ouzel River'.  The modern Ordnance Survey uses only the name Ouzel, except north of Willen Lake where it is marked as 'River Ouzel or Lovat'.
Depressaria albipunctella
Depressaria albipunctella is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in most of Europe, as well as in Libya.

The wingspan is 19–22 mm. Adults are on wing from early August to late November and after hibernating again from March to May in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Daucus, Conium, Torilis, Anthriscus, Chaerophyllum, Pimpinella and Seseli species. They live in a loose upper-surface silk spinning of a leaf of their host plant.

Anthriscus
Anthriscus (chervils) is a common plant genus of the family Apiaceae, growing in Europe and temperate parts of Asia. It comprises 15 species. The genus grows in meadows and verges on slightly wet porous soils. One species, Anthriscus cerefolium is cultivated and used in the kitchen to flavor foods.

Anthriscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the mouse moth (recorded on cow parsley).

The hollow stem is erect and branched, ending in compound umbels of small white or greenish flowers. The leaves are bipinnate or tripinnate.
Walker Lake (Pennsylvania)
Clarence F. Walker Lake is a 239-acre (0.97 km²) reservoir, formed by a dam and used for flood control and recreation. It is located in Adams Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania near the town of Troxelville. The lake and shoreline are owned and managed by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) for recreational fishing and boating.
Fish species present include northern pike, largemouth bass, walleye, black crappie, and bluegill.

Walker Lake is located on the North Branch Middle Creek, which is a tributary to Middle Creek within the Susquehanna River basin.
North Branch Middle Creek was impounded in 1970 creating the 239 acre (0.97 km²) lake, which drains a 19 mi² (49 km²) watershed consisting primarily of forested (57%) and agricultural (39%) areas.
Walker Lake has a maximum depth of 32 feet (9.8 m) with a mean depth of 13.8 feet (4.2 m) with an overall volume of 3,317 acre-feet (4,091,000 m3) of water.

Black crappie
The black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) is a freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae). It is endemic to North America, one of the two types of crappies. It is very similar to the white crappie (P. annularis) in size, shape, and habits, except that it is darker, with a pattern of black spots. Alternate names for the species include calico bass, speck, speckled perch, speckled bass, moonfish, grass bass, strawberry bass, shiner, crappie, oswego bass, sac-a-lait, and marigane noire.
Mohamed Bouzoubaa
Mohamed Bouzoubaa (Arabic: محمد بوزوبع ; born 1939, Meknes – died 16 November 2007) was a Moroccan politician of the Socialist Union of Popular Forces party. He was Minister of Justice in the cabinet of Driss Jettou (2002–2007) and Minister of Relations with the Parliament in the cabinet of Abderrahman el-Yousfi (1998–2002). He was a founding member of the National Union of Popular Forces.

In the 1984 Moroccan general election, Bouzoubaa was elected to the Parliament of Morocco, representing the city of Meknes.

National Union of Popular Forces
The National Union of Popular Forces (Arabic: الاتحاد الوطني للقوات الشعبية; French: Union Nationale des Forces Populaires, UNFP) was a political party in Morocco founded in 1959 in Morocco by Mehdi Ben Barka and others.: 401  It opposed the monarchy and it was closely associated with the labour movement, the student movement (particularly the National Union of the Students of Morocco (UNEM)), and the trade unions.
John Croyston
John Croyston (7 March 1933 – 23 May 2007) was an Australian writer, radio producer and director.

Born in the Sydney suburb of Enfield on 7 March 1933, Croyston moved with his family to the Georges River following the outbreak of WWII. He completed his secondary education at Hurlstone Agricultural High School, then studied at the University of Sydney. He worked as a teacher before going on to work at the ABC. He was a radio producer at the ABC from 1958 to 1964. He then moved into television.

Croyston died in Greenwich, New South Wales on 23 May 2007.

Enfield, New South Wales
Enfield is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 11 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Municipality of Burwood.
Søvnen
Søvnen (The Sleep), for chorus and orchestra, Opus 18, is Carl Nielsen's second major choral work. It was first performed at the Music Society  (Musikforeningen) in Copenhagen on 21 March 1905 under the baton of the composer.

Musikforeningen
Musikforeningen (The Music Society) in Copenhagen was Denmark's most important concert venue in the 19th century. It operated from 1838 to 1931 but it was especially under the leadership of Niels Gade (1850–90) that it became a meeting place for the city's music life with its own symphony orchestra and choir. Carl Nielsen was director from 1915–27. Other leaders included Franz Gläser, Emil Hartmann and Franz Neruda.
New York State Route 344
New York State Route 344 (NY 344) is a state highway located in Columbia County, New York, in the United States. The route is 1.90 miles (3.06 km) in length and serves primarily as an access road to the Bash Bish Falls state parks on both sides of the New York–Massachusetts border. The western terminus of NY 344 is at NY 22 in Copake Falls. Its eastern terminus is at the Massachusetts state line, where it continues into Bash Bish Falls State Park as Falls Road. NY 344 was assigned c. 1932 and extended to its current length by 1953 after NY 22 was rerouted to bypass Copake Falls.

Copake, New York
Copake is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 3,346 at the 2020 US census, down from 3,615 at the 2010 census. The town derives its name from a lake, which was known to the natives as Cook-pake, or Ack-kook-peek, meaning "Snake Pond".

Copake is on the eastern border of the county. Taconic State Park is along the eastern edge of the town.
Kihari
Kihari is a populated place in the Union Council of Sirikot, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Kihari is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Sirikot village and about 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) from Tarbela.

Tarbela
Tarbela (Punjabi: تربیلا) or Torbela (Pashto: توربېلا‎) is one of the 44 union councils, administrative subdivision, of Haripur District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The name comes from the words tor (Pashto for "black") and bela (Punjabi/Hindko for "forest").

Khalabat township is divided into four sectors: Sectors 1 and 2 are called Tarbela union; sectors 3 and 4 are called Khalabat union council.

Nearby Tarbela Dam got its name from this Tarbela.
Dana Shell Smith
Dana Shell Smith (born 1970) is a former American diplomat and career Foreign Service Officer who served as the United States Ambassador to Qatar from July 2014 to June 2017.  She was confirmed by the Senate as the U.S. Ambassador to Qatar on July 10, 2014.  Previously, she served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Public Affairs from 2011 to 2014 and as Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Media.

Foreign Service officer
A Foreign Service officer (FSO) is a commissioned member of the United States Foreign Service. FSOs formulate and implement the foreign policy of the United States. They spend most of their careers overseas as members of U.S. embassies, consulates, and other diplomatic missions, though some receive assignments to serve at combatant commands, Congress, and educational institutions such as the various U.S. service academies.

As of 2021, there were over 8,000 FSOs.
Louise (1939 film)
Louise is a 1939 French musical film directed by Abel Gance. It was screened out of competition at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.

Described as "wonderfully atmospheric", the film is based on the opera of the same name by Gustave Charpentier. Charpentier remained on the set throughout the filming and personally coached Grace Moore, who played the title role. Both Georges Thill, who played Julien and André Pernet who played Louise's father, were famous exponents of those roles on the opera stage and had recorded them in 1935. The orchestra was directed by Louis Beydts.

1987 Cannes Film Festival
The 40th Cannes Film Festival took place from 7 to 19 May 1987. French-Italian actor Yves Montand served as jury president for the main competition.

French filmmaker Maurice Pialat won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Under the Sun of Satan, a choice which critics considered "highly controversial" and the prize was given under the jeers of the public. Pialat is quoted to have retorted "You don't like me? Well, let me tell you that I don't like you either!"

The festival opened with A Man in Love by Diane Kurys, and closed with Aria by Robert Altman, Bruce Beresford, Bill Bryden, Jean-Luc Godard, Derek Jarman, Franc Roddam, Nicolas Roeg, Ken Russell, Charles Sturridge and Julien Temple.
Cuel
The cuel are Mapuche-built tumulus. The best known cuels are near the localities of Purén and Lumaco in Araucanía, south-central Chile. The first significant studies of the cuel were published by Tom Dillehay and José Saavedra in 2003 and 2007. The word cuel is a neologism formed from the mapudungun word kuel, meaning boundary marker (Spanish: lindero) according to the 18th century dictionary of Andrés Febrés.

Lumaco
Lumaco is a town and commune in Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of Chile.  Its name in Mapudungun means "water of luma". Lumaco is located to 120 km (75 mi) northeast of Temuco and 52 km (32 mi) from Angol. It shares a boundary to the north with the communes of Purén and Los Sauces, to the east with Traiguén and Galvarino, to the south with Cholchol and Carahue in Cautin Province, and the west with Tirúa and Contulmo in the Arauco Province of the Biobío Region.

The area of Lumaco and Purén is rich in Mapuche and early Spanish archaeological sites.