hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psychomotor vigilance task
A psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is a sustained-attention, reaction-timed task that measures the consistency with which subjects respond to a visual stimulus. Research indicates increased sleep debt or sleep deficit correlates with deteriorated alertness, slower problem solving, declined psychomotor skills, and increased rate of false responses.

Use of PVT tests was championed by David F. Dinges and popularized by its ease of scoring, simple metrics, and convergent validity. However, it was shown that motivation can counteract the detrimental effects of sleep loss for up to 36 hours.

Convergent validity
Convergent validity in the behavioral sciences refers to the degree to which two measures that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. Convergent validity, along with discriminant validity, is a subtype of construct validity.  Convergent validity can be established if two similar constructs correspond with one another, while discriminant validity applies to two dissimilar constructs that are easily differentiated.

Campbell and Fiske (1959) developed the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix to assess the construct validity of a set of measures in a study.  The approach stresses the importance of using both discriminant and convergent validation techniques when assessing new tests. In other words, in order to establish construct validity, you have to demonstrate both convergence and discrimination.
Yount's Woolen Mill and Boarding House
Yount's Woolen Mill and Boarding House is a historic woolen mill and boarding house located in Ripley Township, Montgomery County, Indiana. The boarding house was built in 1851, and is a two-story, L-shaped, Late Federal style brick building. It has a gable-on-hip roof and two-story porch on the rear side. The mill was built in 1864, and is a 2+1⁄2-story brick building on a raised basement with Greek Revival style design elements. Also on the property are the remains of an 1849 frame mill, an 1867 brick building, dam and mill race. The Yount Mill was contracted by the U.S. Government to manufacture Army uniforms during both the American Civil War and Spanish–American War.: 2, 10

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Boarding house
A boarding house is a house (frequently a family home) in which lodgers rent one or more rooms on a nightly basis and sometimes for extended periods of weeks, months, or years. The common parts of the house are maintained, and some services, such as laundry and cleaning, may be supplied. It normally provides "room and board", with some meals as well as accommodation.

Lodgers legally obtain a licence, not exclusive possession, to use their rooms and so the landlord retains the right of access.
Cullen Frontier Guard
The Cullen Frontier Guard, Cullen Guard, or First Minnesota Mounted Regiment of the Irregular Volunteer Militia was a mounted militia unit utilized by the Union army during the Dakota War of 1862. The unit's only two engagements were the Battles of New Ulm and the Battle of Birch Coulee where it served as a guide and scouting force for Henry Hastings Sibley.

Joseph R. Brown
Joseph Renshaw Brown (1805–1870) was an American politician, pioneer, fur trader, newspaper editor, businessman, inventor, speculator, and Indian agent who was prominent in Minnesota and Wisconsin territorial and state politics for over 50 years.
Rakshit Atluri
Rakshit Atluri is an Indian actor who works in Telugu cinema. Atluri debuted in London Babulu (2017) for which he received Santosham Best Debut Actor Award. In 2020, he starred in the action thriller film Palasa 1978 as Mohan Rao.

16th Santosham Film Awards
The 16th Santosham Film Awards was an awards ceremony held at Hyderabad, India on 26 August 2018 recognized the best films and performances from the Tollywood films and music released in 2017, along with special honors for lifetime contributions and a few special awards. The awards are annually presented by Santosham magazine. The ceremony was announced on 3 August 2018 with Srikanth being the chief guest.
Mate coquimbano
Mate coquimbano is a mate cup style produced in 19th century in the area near the port of Coquimbo in northern Chile. The Mate coquimbano is typically made of low grade silver alloy with sparse geometric or vegetal motiff decoration made of copper or bronze. The silver used originated in the mining district of Chañarcillo, where a silver rush took place in the 1830s and 1840s. Being cheaper than mate cups of purer silver and gold Mate coquimbano cups were common among the populace.

Contrary to many contemporary mate cups in Chile that had until then followed European fashionable styles such as Baroque and Neoclassicism the Mate coquimbano had evident mestizo influences. Over time, aspects of the Mate coquimbano style diffused into the neighboring Andean region of Argentina.

Coquimbo
Coquimbo [koˈkimbo] is a port city, commune and capital of the Elqui Province, located on the Pan-American Highway, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. Coquimbo is situated in a valley 10 km (6 mi) south of La Serena, with which it forms Greater La Serena with more than 400,000 inhabitants. The commune spans an area around the harbor of 1,429.3 km2 (552 sq mi). The average temperature in the city lies around 14 °C (57 °F), and precipitation is low.
Grant Park, Illinois
Grant Park is a village in northeastern Kankakee County, Illinois, United States. Grant Park was incorporated in 1883. As of the 2020 census, Grant Park had a population of 1,294. It is part of the Kankakee–Bradley Metropolitan Statistical Area. Much of the town was destroyed by a cyclone in 1912, according to Frank Leslie's Weekly magazine, which ran pictures.

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, later renamed Leslie's Weekly, was an American illustrated literary and news magazine founded in 1855 and published until 1922. It was one of several magazines started by publisher and illustrator Frank Leslie.

Throughout its existence, the weekly provided illustrations and reports—with wood engravings, lithographs and steel engravings based on sketches and photography, beginning with daguerreotypes and later with more advanced forms of photography—of wars from John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry and the Civil War to the Spanish–American War and the First World War - and numerous other articles of topical interest.
Solpke
Solpke (German pronunciation: [ˈzɔlpkə]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Gardelegen.

Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Gifhorn, Uelzen, Lüchow-Dannenberg in Lower Saxony, and the districts of Stendal and Börde (district).
US Bitonto
Unione Sportiva Bitonto is an Italian association football club located in Bitonto, Apulia. Its colors are black and green.

Bitonto were promoted for the first time in history to Serie C in 2019–20 as champions of Serie D, following the early conclusion of the league due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Serie D
The Serie D (Italian pronunciation: [ˈseːrje ˈdi]) is the highest level of semi-professional football in Italy, and the fourth tier of the Italian national league system, the lowest one with a national organization. It sits beneath the third and lowest fully professional league, Serie C, and feeds in to it through promotion and relegation. Serie D is administered by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti and is organized by the Roman Comitato Interregionale (Interregional Committee), a "league in the league" inside the LND.
This World They'll Drown
This World They'll Drown is a mini-album by Exit Ten, released in 2006.

The Skinny rated it one star, noting "On top of the metal packaging comes torturous vocals that occasionally growl but descend into nonsensical emo whining, thus making This World... not only completely unlistenable but also completely non cred considering the hardball ballpark. Avoid!"

The Skinny (magazine)
The Skinny is a monthly free magazine distributed in venues throughout the cities of Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland. Founded in 2005, the magazine features interviews and articles on music, art, film, comedy and other aspects of culture across Scotland and beyond.
He Did with Me
"He Did with Me" is a song by Vicki Lawrence, an American pop music singer, actress, and comedienne. It was the second of two releases from her 1973 Bell Records debut album.

The song was a number-one hit on the Australian Kent Music Report after its release.  It was also a hit in the United States and Canada, falling short of the Pop Top 40 but reaching the Top 20 on the Adult Contemporary charts of both nations.

The song did well in Minneapolis, where it reached #18 on WDGY-AM.

WDGY
WDGY (740 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Hudson, Wisconsin, and serving the Minneapolis-St. Paul radio market.  It is owned by WRPX, inc. and airs a Classic Hits/Oldies radio format.  The station's studios and offices are in Lake Elmo, Minnesota, while its transmitter is off Commerce Drive near Interstate 94 in Hudson. This station is unrelated to the original WDGY, which was a popular Top-40 station in the area during the mid-late 1950s, '60s and '70s.

Because AM 740 is a Canadian clear channel frequency, WDGY is a daytime-only station.  It must sign-off at sunset to prevent interfering with Class A CFZM in Toronto.  WDGY can be heard around the clock on two FM translator stations:  92.1 W221BS from St. Paul and 103.7 W279DD (250 watts) from Hudson.  The station can also be heard on 107.1 KTMY's HD2 channel in the Twin Cities.
Diego Romero (sailor)
Diego Emilio Romero Paschetta (born 5 December 1974 in Córdoba, Argentina) is an Argentine-Italian sailor.

He earned a bronze medal in Laser at the 1999 Pan American Games on Lake Winnipeg, behind Brazil's Robert Scheidt and Mark Mendelblatt of the United States.

Romero competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics for Argentina. He competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics for Italy, where he won a bronze medal in Laser class.

Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg (French: Lac Winnipeg) is a 24,514-square-kilometre (9,465-square-mile) lake in North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Its southern end is about 55 kilometres (34 miles) north of the namesake city, Winnipeg. It is the 12th largest lake on Earth, Canada's sixth-largest freshwater lake, and the third-largest freshwater lake contained entirely within Canada. It is relatively shallow, with a mean depth of 12 metres [39 feet]. Its deepest section is a narrow 36-metre (118-foot) deep channel between the northern and southern basins.

The lake's east side has pristine boreal forests and rivers that were inscribed in 2018 as Pimachiowin Aki, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The lake is 416 km (258 mi) from north to south, with remote sandy beaches, large limestone cliffs, and many bat caves in some areas. Manitoba Hydro uses the lake as one of the largest reservoirs in the world. There are many islands, most of them undeveloped.
Carlo Schmid (Swiss pilot)
Carlo Schmid is a Swiss pilot.

In 2012 he became the youngest solo pilot to fly around the world at the age of 22, breaking the previous record held by Barrington Irving. The 110-hour flight of his Cessna 210 lasted 80 days from July 11 to September 29, 2012. The flight concluded with a landing at Dübendorf Air Base, accompanied by the PC-7 Team of the Swiss Air Force.

In 2014, Schmid's record was broken by 19-year-old Matt Guthmiller and in 2022 by 17-year old British-Belgian pilot Mack Rutherford.

Cessna 210 Centurion
The Cessna 210 Centurion is a six-seat, high-performance, retractable-gear, single-engined, high-wing general-aviation light aircraft. First flown in January 1957, it was produced by Cessna until 1986.
Maiden uniteD
Maiden uniteD is an acoustic project. Musicians from different bands join together to play an all-acoustic tribute to English heavy metal band Iron Maiden. The songs are played with new arrangements.

The project is not affiliated with the Los Angeles-based Iron Maiden tribute band of the same name, Maiden United.

Apocalyptica
Apocalyptica is a Finnish symphonic metal band from Helsinki, formed in 1993. The band is currently composed of three classically trained cellists Eicca Toppinen, Paavo Lötjönen, and Perttu Kivilaakso. Originally a classical-style Metallica tribute band, the band eventually adopted a neoclassical metal style without the use of conventional guitars and bass. They have sold over four million albums to date.
10249 Harz
10249 Harz, provisional designation 9515 P-L, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1960, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The assumed S-type asteroid is likely elongated and has a short rotation period of 3.63 hours. It was named after the German mountain range Harz.

Palomar Observatory
The Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Astronomical Observatories of China.

The observatory operates several telescopes, including the 200-inch (5.1 m) Hale Telescope, the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar 60-inch (1.5 m) Telescope, and the 30-centimetre (12-inch) Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an 18-inch (46 cm) Schmidt camera from 1936.
Pseudoramibacter
Pseudoramibacter is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Eubacteriaceae with one known species (Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus). Pseudoramibacter bacteria occur in birds. Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus is associated with endodontic infections.

Pulp (tooth)
Odontoblast layer;

Cell-free zone of Weil;

Cell-rich zone;

Pulp core

The pulp is the connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and odontoblasts that comprise the innermost layer of a tooth. The pulp's activity and signalling processes regulate its behaviour.
More Fool Me (memoir)
More Fool Me: A Memoir is a 2014 volume of autobiography by Stephen Fry. The book continues the account of his earlier adult life given in 2010's The Fry Chronicles: An Autobiography, itself preceded by the account of his pre-university life contained in his 1997 publication Moab Is My Washpot: An Autobiography. More Fool Me contains a summary of the main events described in the two earlier volumes, and an account of Fry's later cocaine addiction, chiefly covering the years 1986–93. Other major topics include Fry's writing of The Hippopotamus, his work on the TV series A Bit of Fry & Laurie, Jeeves and Wooster and Blackadder Goes Forth; the radio series Saturday Night Fry; and the films Peter's Friends and Stalag Luft. The book is Fry's tenth, and his third volume of autobiography.

The Hippopotamus
The Hippopotamus (1994) is a comic novel by Stephen Fry. Written in part as an epistolary novel, it is largely narrated by the main character Edward "Ted" Wallace. Wallace is an alcoholic washed-up poet and theatre critic who, having been fired from his newspaper job, accepts a lucrative commission from his terminally ill goddaughter to investigate rumours of miracle healings at Swafford Hall, country mansion of Wallace's old friend Lord Logan.
National Route A015 (Argentina)
National Route A015 is an Argentine highway connecting in the northeast of Entre Ríos Province. It has a length of 15 km (9 mi) all paved, from the junction with National Route 14 at km marker 269 in the small town of La Criolla to the Salto Grande Dam access-road.

31°16′48″S 58°04′35″W﻿ / ﻿31.28000°S 58.07639°W﻿ / -31.28000; -58.07639

Salto Grande Dam
The Salto Grande Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Uruguay River, located between Concordia, Argentina, and Salto, Uruguay; thus shared between the two countries.

The construction of the dam began in 1974 and was completed in 1979. Power is generated by fourteen Kaplan turbines, totaling the installed capacity to 1,890 MW (2,530,000 hp). The dam passes approximately 64,000 cubic metres (2,300,000 cu ft) of water per second, compared to the current average flow of the Uruguay River at 4,622 cubic metres (163,200 cu ft). The reservoir has a total area of 783 square kilometres (302 sq mi), while its maximum dimensions are 140 by 9 kilometres (87.0 mi × 5.6 mi).
Zacky Vengeance
Zachary James Baker (born December 11, 1981), better known by his stage name Zacky Vengeance, is an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist, and founding member for the American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold. In 2016, Baker alongside Synyster Gates was voted as Best Metal Guitarist in the World by Total Guitar.

In 2025, he remixed the track "Meine Welt" by German singer Till Lindemann with his brother Matthew Garrett Baker (also known as Megabot).

He released his debut solo single "Dark Horse" on December 17, 2025 under his given name Zachary Baker. He said a full length solo album was to follow.

Till Lindemann
Till Lindemann (German pronunciation: [tɪl ˈlɪndəman]; born 4 January 1963) is a German singer-songwriter and poet, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein. Renowned for his theatrical stage performances, poetic lyrics, and distinctive bass-baritone voice, he is a central figure in the band’s international success. He was also part of the musical project Lindemann before beginning to release music under his own name. He has appeared in several films in minor roles and has published three books of poetry.

Rammstein has sold over 25 million records worldwide, with five of their albums receiving platinum status, and Lindemann has been listed among the "50 Greatest Metal Frontmen of All Time" by Roadrunner Records.
Oldmoor Wood
Oldmoor Wood is a woodland in Nottinghamshire, England, near the village of Strelley. It covers a total area of 15.11 hectares (37.34 acres). It is owned and managed by the Woodland Trust. During early spring, Oldmoor Woods is blanketed in a carpet of English and Spanish bluebells.

Campanula rotundifolia
Campanula rotundifolia, the harebell or common harebell, Scottish bluebell, or bluebell in Scotland, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. This herbaceous perennial is found throughout the north temperate regions of the Old World according to the Plants of the World Online database, or throughout the northern hemisphere in other interpretations (see Taxonomy, below). In Scotland, it is often known simply as bluebell. It is the floral emblem of Sweden where it is known as small bluebell. It produces its violet-blue, bell-shaped flowers in late summer and autumn.

The Latin specific epithet rotundifolia means "round leaved". This refers to the basal leaves; not all leaves are round in shape, with middle and upper stem leaves being linear.: 707
Benova
Benova (Ukrainian: Беньова, Polish: Beniowa) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to Borynia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

In the village there is a train stop and a campsite.

Benova lies on the border with Poland, where an abandoned part of the village is located, called Beniowa.

Until 18 July 2020, Benova belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.

Sambir Raion
Sambir Raion (Ukrainian: Самбірський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Sambir. Population: 221,896 (2022 estimate). It was established in 1965.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Sambir Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Staryi Sambir and Turka Raions, as well as the city of Sambir, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Sambir Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 67,063 (2020 est.).
Salon music
Salon music was a popular music genre in Europe during the 19th century. It was usually written for solo piano in the romantic style, and is often performed by the composer at events known as "Salons". Salon compositions are usually fairly short and often focus on virtuoso pianistic displays or emotional expression of a sentimental character. Common subgenres of salon music are the operatic paraphrase or fantasia, in which multiple themes from a popular opera are the basis of the composition, and the musical character-piece, which portrays in music a particular situation or narrative.

Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic, and literary movement that became prominent in Western culture from about 1798 until 1837.

Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art, and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry, super-natural elements, or the fine arts. It included features such as increased chromaticism and moved away from traditional forms.
Herrick Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Herrick Township is a township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 735 at the 2020 census. For years it was known for a chair sitting on a fence post as you entered the town from the south on route 1017.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.