hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

This article focuses on waves in classical physics. Quantum physics uses an operator-based wave equation often as a relativistic wave equation.

Classical physics
Classical physics consists of scientific theories in the field of physics that are non-quantum or both non-quantum and non-relativistic, depending on the context. In historical discussions, classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. However, relativity is based on classical field theory rather than quantum field theory, and is often categorized as a part of "classical physics".
Nobu Hotel Barcelona
The Nobu Hotel Barcelona, formerly the Gran Hotel Torre Catalunya, is a skyscraper and hotel in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Completed in 1970, has 25 floors and rises 100 metres (including mast) and 80 metres without mast. It is located near Barcelona Sants Railway Station, Plaça d'Espanya and three other high-rises: Edificio Allianz, Edificio Tarragona, Torre Núñez y Navarro. It was renamed Nobu Hotel Barcelona in 2019, following a major renovation.

Plaça d'Espanya, Barcelona
Plaça d'Espanya (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈplasə ðəsˈpaɲə]; English: Plaza of Spain) is one of Barcelona's most important squares, built on the occasion of the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition, held at the foot of Montjuïc, in the Sants-Montjuïc district.
Uników, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Uników [uˈnikuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pińczów, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Pińczów and 39 km (24 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Pińczów County
Pińczów County is a unit of administration with the degree of the Sejm on territorial and territorial self-government in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It was established on January 1, 1992 as a result of Polish local government reforms adopted in 1912. The administrative seat and the largest city is Pińczów located 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. Another town in the county is Działoszyce located 10 kilometres (6 miles) south of Pińczów.

The county covers an area of 611.03 square kilometres (235.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 39,100, out of which the population of Pińczów is 10,774, that of Działoszyce is 907, and the rural population is 27,419.
Albert Woolson
Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1850 – August 2, 1956) was the last known surviving member of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War; he was also the last surviving Civil War veteran on either side whose status is undisputed. At least three men who outlived Woolson claimed to be Confederate veterans, but one has been debunked and the other two are unverified. The last surviving Union soldier to see combat was James Hard (1843–1953).

Duluth Depot
The St. Louis County Depot is a historic railroad station in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It was built as a union station in 1892, serving seven railroads at its peak.  Rail service ceased in 1969 and the building was threatened with demolition until it reopened in 1973 as St. Louis County Heritage & Arts Center (The Depot). Train service also resumed from 1974 to 1985, by Amtrak.

Owned today by St. Louis County, the building houses two museums (Lake Superior Railroad Museum, and St. Louis County Historical Society Museum), two performing arts organizations (DSSO and Minnesota Ballet), and serves as the departure point for the North Shore Scenic Railroad.
Ilchibay
Ilchibay (Russian: Ильчибай; Bashkir: Илсебай, İlsebay) is a rural locality (a village) in Nizhnekachmashevsky Selsoviet, Kaltasinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 27 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Kaltasinsky District
Kaltasinsky District (Russian: Калтаси́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ҡалтасы районы, Qaltası rayonı; Meadow Mari: Калтаса кундем, Kaltasa kundem) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders Yanaulsky District to the north, Burayevsky District to the east and southeast, Dyurtyulinsky District to the south and Krasnokamsky District to the west. The area of the district is 1,548.35 square kilometers (597.82 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kaltasy. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 26,268, with the population of Kaltasy accounting for 16.8% of that number.
2008 Mercedes Cup
The 2008 Mercedes Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 31st edition of the Mercedes Cup, and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, Germany, from 7 July until 13 July 2008.

The announced field was headlined by ATP No. 2, Stuttgart defending champion, French Open and new Wimbledon titlist Rafael Nadal, Sydney doubles winner and Queen's Club quarterfinalist Richard Gasquet, and French Open quarterfinalist, Costa do Sauípe and Acapulco champion Nicolás Almagro. Also competing were Auckland titlist Philipp Kohlschreiber, Munich runner-up Simone Bolelli, Agustín Calleri, José Acasuso and Eduardo Schwank.

2008 Stella Artois Championships – Singles
Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 7–6(8–6), 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2008 Queen's Club Championships.

Andy Roddick was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Nadal. This marked the first time since 1999 that neither Lleyton Hewitt nor Roddick won the title.
Avonbridge (horse)
Avonbridge  is a retired British Thoroughbred racehorse and active sire.  He won three Group races including the Group One Prix de l'Abbaye in a career which lasted from 2002 to 2005. In his final year he was named European Champion Sprinter at the Cartier Racing Awards. He currently stands as a stallion in Hampshire.

King George Stakes
The King George Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Centrepiece
A centrepiece or centerpiece is an important item of a display, usually of a table setting. Centrepieces help set the theme of the decorations and bring extra decorations to the room. A centrepiece also refers to any central or important object in a collection of items.

Traditional types for the very formal dining table include the epergne, with branching arms ending in bowls, and the surtout de table, in English reserved for a long tray, often with mirrors as the surface, on which candles, sculptures and other objects are placed.

Dining table
A dining table is a table designed for people to eat meals together. It typically accommodates multiple individuals and serves as a focal point for shared dining. While the term often describes a table placed in a dedicated dining room for formal or main meals (particularly in American English), dining tables are also common in kitchens or open-plan living areas. The term dinner table is frequently used as a synonym, especially with the table used for the day's main meal, and can sometimes refer to the meal occasion itself.
Néstor Morales
Néstor Javier Morales Corredor (born Nestor Javier Morales in 26 February 1963) is a Colombian news program host of Noticias Uno, he was in Viva FM of Caracol Radio, La W of W radio, newspaper El Nuevo Siglo, Todelar, in Noticias Caracol of Caracol TV and Telepaís of Canal Uno.

Todelar
Todelar is a system of radio stations that covers all of Colombia, founded in 1953 by Bernardo Tobón de la Roche. Its flagship station is La Voz de Bogotá since 2017. Radio Continental, also in Bogotá, had this role until 2016, having joined Todelar  (an acronym of the last names of its founder) in 1957.

As of 2015, the flagship morning news programme, Artunduaga por la mañana, was directed by journalist Édgar Artunduaga. The programme was cancelled December 2016, a few weeks before Radio Continental was sold to Cadena Radial Vida, a network owned by an evangelical group whose leader is Eduardo Cañas.
Pop-Up! Sarajevo
Pop-Up! Sarajevo is an international student graphics design and visual communications festival held annually in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The festival was established in 2014 by the Departement of graphics design of the Sarajevo Academy of Fine Arts. It lasts for seven days. Each year's edition programmes exhibitions, lectures, workshops and film screenings that are focused on the fields of digital illustration, new media, digital animation, video production, motion graphic design, concept art and caricatures.

Motion graphic design
Motion graphic design, also known as motion design, is a subset of graphic design which combines design with motion graphics and video production. Examples include kinetic typography and graphics used in film and television opening sequences, and station identification logos of some television channels.

Both design principles and animation principles are important for good motion design.

Some motion designers start out as traditional graphic designers and later incorporate motion into their skillsets, while others have come from filmmaking, editing, or animation backgrounds, as these fields share a number of overlapping skills.
Saint-Raphaël, Quebec
Saint-Raphaël (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʁafaɛl] ⓘ) is a municipality of about 2,500 people in Bellechasse Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches administrative region of Quebec. It has several small buildings and a very small supermarket.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
Coleophora polynella
Coleophora polynella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkestan and Uzbekistan.

The larvae feed on Artemisia turanica. Larvae of the first generation can be found in May. There is also a second generation, which feeds on the fruits of the host plant.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.
12 Yard
12 Yard Productions (Investments) Limited, trading as 12 Yard, is a British television production company. It was founded in 2001 as a joint-venture between David Young and the creative team behind the worldwide hit Weakest Link and Hat Trick Productions.

12 Yard has gone on to become one of the world's most successful entertainment format creators, producing hit formats including the BBC's long-running early evening quiz Eggheads, Saturday night BBC One lottery formats The National Lottery: In it to Win it and Who Dares Wins!, primetime feel-good format Holding out for a Hero, Take on the Twisters and Big Star's Little Star for ITV, and Coach Trip, Celebrity Coach Trip  and Christmas Coach Trip for Channel 4.

On 5 December 2007, it was confirmed that ITV plc had acquired 12 Yard for £35 million.

On 22 October 2024, ITV announced that it would plan to close the studio at the end of the year, with its IPs and shows being transitioned off to other ITV Studios subsidiaries.

Big Star's Little Star
Big Star's Little Star is a British game show that began on ITV on 4 September 2013 and is presented by Stephen Mulhern. The show sees three celebrity contestants and their children or grandchildren answering questions about each other to win up to £15,000 for a charity of their choice.
Isser Yehuda Unterman
Isser Yehuda Unterman (Hebrew: איסר יהודה אונטרמן; 19 April 1886 – 26 January 1976) was the third chief rabbi of Tel Aviv, and later the third Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of the State of Israel from 1964 until 1972. He was a leader of the Mizrachi movement and was awarded the Rabbi Kook Prize for Rabbinic Literature in 1954.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
John Michie
John Michie (born 25 October 1956) is a Scottish television and film actor, known for his roles as DI Robbie Ross in the STV detective drama series Taggart, as Karl Munro in Coronation Street from 2011 to 2013 and his role as Guy Self in Casualty and Holby City.

Traverse Theatre
The Traverse Theatre is a theatre in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was founded as The Traverse Theatre Club in 1962 by John Calder, John Malcolm, Jim Haynes, Richard Demarco, Terry Lane, Andrew Muir, John Martin and Sheila Colvin.

The Traverse Theatre company commissions and develops new plays or adaptations from contemporary playwrights, often describing itself as "Scotland’s new writing theatre".

The Traverse also presents productions from visiting companies and acts as a host venue for Edinburgh Festival Fringe shows in August. It is also the home of 'Imaginate' the Edinburgh International Children's Festival.
Baghdad Gymnasium
Baghdad Gymnasium (Arabic: صالة الجمنازيوم للألعاب الرياضية), formerly the Saddam Hussein Gymnasium, is a sports complex in Baghdad, Iraq adjacent to the al-Sha'ab Stadium. Designed by Le Corbusier under the commission of King Faisal II in 1956 for potential use in the 1960 Summer Olympics. After King Faisal II was overthrown in a military coup in 1958, the project underwent several design and location changes.

Le Corbusier died in 1965, leaving a wealth of drawings and studies for the multi-functions of Baghdad's Sports Complex which included a large stadium, tennis courts, swimming pools, and a gymnasium. Only the latter was finally built between 1978 and 1980, to be inaugurated by and named after Iraq's President Saddam Hussein. The American army troops occupied the Gymnasium as well as al-Sha'ab district for some years following the Fall of Baghdad in 2003.

Sha'ab, Baghdad
Sha'ab (Arabic: الشعب) is a neighborhood of Adhamiyah district, Baghdad, Iraq, It is subdivided into Sha'ab east (22nd), Sha'ab south (23rd), Sha'ab north (24th). The neighborhood is almost entirely Shia Muslim especially after the Shia militias takeover of the town in 2006 led by Mahdi Army known as the JAM which committed mass murders against Sunni families in order to create a Shia zone region in Baghdad .
Web Application Messaging Protocol
WAMP is a WebSocket subprotocol registered at IANA, specified to offer routed RPC and PubSub. Its design goal is to provide an open standard for soft, real-time message exchange between application components and ease the creation of loosely coupled architectures based on microservices. Because of this, it is a suitable enterprise service bus (ESB), fit for developing responsive web applications or coordinating multiple connected IoT devices.

Web standards
Web standards are the formal, non-proprietary standards and other technical specifications that define and describe aspects of the World Wide Web. In recent years, the term has been more frequently associated with the trend of endorsing a set of standardized best practices for building web sites, and a philosophy of web design and development that includes those methods.
Michel Barsoum
Michel W. Barsoum (born January 1, 1955, in Cairo, Egypt) is a materials scientist and Distinguished Professor at Drexel University in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He is known for his work with MAX phases, and for pioneering research that led to the development of MXenes, a family of two-dimensional materials derived from MAX phases.

Drexel University
Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Drexel's undergraduate school was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, it was renamed Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, before assuming its current name in 1970. As of 2020, more than 24,000 students were enrolled in over 70 undergraduate programs and more than 100 master's, doctoral, and professional programs at the university. Drexel's cooperative education program (co-op) is a unique aspect of the school's degree programs, offering students the opportunity to gain up to 18 months of paid, full-time work experience in a field relevant to their undergraduate major or graduate degree program prior to graduation.
Geography of Alabama
The geography of Alabama describes a state in the Southeastern United States in North America. It extends from high mountains to low valleys and sandy beaches. 
Alabama is 30th in size and borders four U.S. states: Mississippi, Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida. It also borders the Gulf of Mexico.

Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South or the South Coast, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many contain large ports.
Astoria Marine Construction Company
Astoria Marine Construction (AMCCO) was founded as Astoria Shipbuilding by Joe Dyer is 1929 in Jeffers Gardens of Astoria, Oregon. Joe Dyer's father was a pioneer of early Astoria and operated a family sawmill. Joe Dyer started by building wooden fishing boats at his shipyard. Then added wooden pleasure craft to his product line. Joe Dyer designed and built Columbia River One Design (CROD) boats and boats for the United States Navy.  The shipyard was on the east bank of the Lewis and Clark River and the Jeffers Slough. Due to its historical importance the site is on the National Register of Historic Places in Clatsop County, Oregon. Astoria Marine Construction shipyard closed in 2013.

Lewis and Clark River
The Lewis and Clark River is a tributary of Youngs River, approximately 20 miles (32 km) long, in northwest Oregon in the United States. It drains 62 square miles (160 km2) of the Northern Oregon Coast Range in the extreme northwest corner of the state, entering Youngs River just above its mouth on the Columbia River at Youngs Bay. Near the river's mouth is the site of former Fort Clatsop of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The river is named for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
Raja Feather Kelly
Raja Feather Kelly is an American dancer and choreographer based in Brooklyn who is notable for his "radical downtown surrealist" productions which combine "pop and queer culture". He has choreographed numerous theatrical productions, including Fairview and A Strange Loop. He is the artistic director of his dance company called The Feath3r Theory, and he serves as the artistic director of the New Brooklyn Theatre.

Second Stage Theater
Second Stage Theater is a non-profit theater company that presents work by living American writers both on and off Broadway. It is based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, and is affiliated with the League of Resident Theatres.

Founded in 1979 by Robyn Goodman and Carole Rothman, Second Stage produces both new plays and revivals of contemporary American plays by new playwrights and established writers. The company formerly had an off-Broadway theater, the Tony Kiser Theater at 305 West 43rd Street on the corner of Eighth Avenue near the Theater District, as well as an off-off-Broadway theater, the McGinn–Cazale Theater on the Upper West Side. In April 2015, the company expanded into Broadway theater productions when it bought the Helen Hayes Theater, at 240 West 44th Street in Manhattan.
Amerika (song)
"Amerika" is a song by German Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein. It was released on 6 September 2004 as the second single from their fourth studio album, Reise, Reise (2004). The song peaked at number 2 in Germany and entered the top 5 in Austria, Denmark, and Switzerland.

Till Lindemann
Till Lindemann (German pronunciation: [tɪl ˈlɪndəman]; born 4 January 1963) is a German singer-songwriter and poet, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein. Renowned for his theatrical stage performances, poetic lyrics, and distinctive bass-baritone voice, he is a central figure in the band’s international success. He was also part of the musical project Lindemann before beginning to release music under his own name. He has appeared in several films in minor roles and has published three books of poetry.

Rammstein has sold over 25 million records worldwide, with five of their albums receiving platinum status, and Lindemann has been listed among the "50 Greatest Metal Frontmen of All Time" by Roadrunner Records.