hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tammuzh
Tammuzh was a Tamil Pandyan king in the Tamzhil cultural realm of ancient South India, who held his capital at Kuadam. The language and cultural term 'Tamil' is an anglicized form of the native name 'Tamizhi' (தமிழ்), pronounced [tamiɻ]. See also 'Legendary Early Chola Kings,' which shows similarities between the early Chola kings and the Ur kings list. The Pandyans had trading contacts with Ptolemaic Egypt and, through Egypt, with Rome by the 1st century CE. The 1st-century Greek historian Nicolaus of Damascus met in Damascus the embassy sent by an Indian king named 'Pandion,' or, according to others, 'Porus,' to Caesar Augustus around 13 CE. The names of the king and his kingdom have likely been conflated in Nicolaus' account.

Kuadam
Kuadam (also known as Kua or more popularly Kapadapuram) was the capital of the ancient Pandian kingdom of the Meen'Koodal epoch (the second Sangam academy). The grand old poet and sage Nakkeerar and the Iraiyanaar porul'urai mentions that Kuadam was the capital from c.5400 BCE to c.1750 BCE (about 3650 years).

According to historians, Kuadam was very close to Tiruchendur. Abraham Pandithar says that Greeks in those days named it as Periplus port.

Around 1750 BCE, the last great deluge flooded Kuadam and the remaining part of the Kumari kaandam forever (similar to the Biblical record of "the flood" sometime between 3402 BC and 2462 BC).

Kuadam was to the north of the ancient Paqruli river about 700 kaadham south of the Kumari river delta.
Paul Shields (footballer)
Paul Martin Shields (born 15 August 1975) is a Scottish footballer who has played as a striker in the Scottish Premier Division for Celtic, as well as clubs in both the Scottish and English Football Leagues.

Scottish Football League Premier Division
The Scottish Football League Premier Division was, from 1975 until 1998, the top division of the Scottish Football League and the entire Scottish football league system. It lay above the Scottish Football League First, Second and (from 1994) Third divisions.
Potentilla micheneri
Potentilla micheneri is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is known by the common names Santa Rosa oceanspray, Santa Rosa horkelia and thin-lobed horkelia and is endemic to California, where it is known only from the coastal hills and mountains north of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is a plant of chaparral habitat.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
Polysuccinimide
Polysuccinimide (PSI), also known as polyanhydroaspartic acid or polyaspartimide, is formed during the thermal polycondensation of aspartic acid and is the simplest polyimide. Polysuccinimide is insoluble in water, but soluble in some aprotic dipolar solvents. Its reactive nature makes polysuccinimide a versatile starting material for functional polymers made from renewable resources.

The name is derived from the salt of succinic acid, the structurally related succinate.

Polar aprotic solvent
A polar aprotic solvent is a solvent that lacks an acidic proton and is polar.  Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. In contrast to protic solvents, these solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, are classifiable as aprotic, but polar aprotic solvents are of particular interest for their ability to dissolve salts. Methods for purification of common solvents are available.
Fiat APR.2
The FIAT APR.2 was a prototype airliner built in Italy in 1935. It was a sleek, low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration with tailwheel undercarriage, the main units of which retracted into the engine nacelles, one on each wing. The cabin could carry 12 passengers, and at the time of its introduction on Ala Littoria's Milan-Turin-Paris route, it was believed to be the fastest airliner in regular service in the world. Despite this, only one example was built, although the design served as a starting point for the Fiat BR.20 bomber.

Nacelle
A nacelle (/nəˈsɛl/ nə-SEL) is a streamlined container for aircraft parts such as engines, fuel or equipment. When attached entirely outside the airframe, it is sometimes called a pod, in which case it is attached with a pylon or strut and the engine is known as a podded engine. In some cases—for instance in the typical "Farman" type "pusher" aircraft, or the World War II-era P-38 Lightning or SAAB J21—an aircraft cockpit may also be housed in a nacelle, rather than in a conventional fuselage.
Subhadeep Ghosh
Subhadeep Ghosh is the former Indian First Class cricketer who played for Assam and Railways. He is the current fielding coach of the IPL team Delhi Capitals.

During his playing days, Subhadeep Ghosh played 17 First Class matches and 17 List A matches for Assam and Railways. He was a right-handed batsman who was fondly known as Joy by his teammates.

Delhi Capitals
The Delhi Capitals, formerly the Delhi Daredevils, are  a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Delhi that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). The franchise is owned by GMR Group and JSW Sports. Its home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium in New Delhi. The team is captained by Axar Patel, and is coached by Hemang Badani. They appeared in their first IPL final in 2020 against Mumbai Indians.
Wholesale banking
Wholesale banking is the provision of services by banks to larger customers or organizations such as mortgage brokers, large corporate clients, mid-sized companies, real estate developers and investors, international trade finance businesses, institutional customers (such as pension funds and government entities/agencies), and services offered to other banks or other financial institutions.

Wholesale finance refers to financial services conducted between financial services companies and institutions such as banks, insurers, fund managers, and stockbrokers.

Modern wholesale banks engage in:

Finance wholesaling

Underwriting

Market making

Consultancy

Mergers and acquisitions

Fund management

Syndicated loans

Mortgage broker
A mortgage broker acts as an intermediary who brokers mortgage loans on behalf of individuals or businesses. Traditionally, banks and other lending institutions have sold their own products. As markets for mortgages have become more competitive, however, the role of the mortgage broker has become more popular. In many developed mortgage markets today, (especially in the United States, Canada,  the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Spain and Italy), mortgage brokers are the largest sellers of mortgage products for lenders. Mortgage brokers exist to find a bank or a direct lender that will be willing to make a specific loan an individual is seeking. Mortgage brokers in Canada are paid by the lender and do not charge fees for good credit applications. In the US, many mortgage brokers are regulated by their state and by the CFPB to assure compliance with banking and finance laws in the jurisdiction of the consumer. The extent of the regulation depends on the jurisdiction.
U. S. Grant Sharp Jr.
Ulysses Simpson Grant Sharp Jr. (April 2, 1906 – December 12, 2001) was a four-star admiral of the United States Navy who served as Commander-in-Chief, United States Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT) from 1963 to 1964; and Commander-in-Chief, United States Pacific Command (CINCPAC) from 1964 to 1968. He was the serving CINCPAC during the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, the event which largely precipitated the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War. Sharp was related to and namesake of Ulysses S. Grant, who married Sharp's great-aunt.

Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet
Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT) is the title of the United States Navy officer who commands the United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT).  Originally established in 1907 as a two-star rear admiral's billet, the position has been held by a four-star admiral since March 19, 1915.

As of April 4, 2024, Admiral Stephen Koehler is the 65th and current commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet.
French Zoosemiotics Society
French Zoosemiotics Society (French: Société Française de Zoosémiotique) is an academic society, uniting ethologists, zoologists, semioticians (including biosemioticians and ecosemioticians), linguists, veterinarians and philosophers, and promoting a semiotic approach in zoosemiotics and animal studies.

The focus of the society is to promote and facilitate research in animal communication, their intraspecific and interspecific sign systems, as well as human-animal communication studies.

The Society was established in 2018 by scholars of Sorbonne University, National Museum of Natural History, and other universities and institutions of France.

This is seemingly the first zoosemiotics society in the world.

The founding president of the Society is Astrid Guillaume.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
G. David Nordley
G. David Nordley (born 1947 in Minneapolis) is a science fiction writer, physicist, and astronautical engineering consultant whose fiction writing is most associated with Analog Science Fiction and Fact. His fiction is under the name G. David Nordley while his technical writing is written under the name Gerald D. Nordley. He is a fellow of the British Interplanetary Society and a senior member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Gerald is an active participant in the Contact Conference, which is currently held every two years in Northern California.

His Into the Miranda Rift was nominated for both the Hugo Award for Best Novella and the Nebula Award for Best Novella.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA is the U.S. representative on the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. In 2015, it had more than 30,000 members among aerospace professionals worldwide (a majority are American or live in the United States).
Ulla Kadathal
Ulla Kadathal is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Pugazhendhi Thangaraj. The film stars Vignesh, Yugendran, and Kutty Radhika, with Pandu, Suja Varunee, Priyadarshini and Malaysia Vasudevan playing supporting roles. It was released on 18 February 2005.

P. Pandu
P. Pandurangan, known as Pandu, (19 February 1947 – 6 May 2021) was an Indian Tamil actor and graphic designer who appeared in many comedy roles in Tamil cinema. He made his acting debut in the film Maanavan (1970).

A Doctor of Philosophy graduate in arts from France, he was also a visual artist who founded Capital Letters, a graphic designing company. He most notably designed the party symbol and logo of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. His brother Idichapuli Selvaraj had also previously appeared in films as a comedian.
Independence Army Airfield
Independence Army Airfield was a training base of the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1945.  It was part of the Central Flying Training Command (CFTC).  It is currently the city-owned Independence Municipal Airport.

Flying Division, Air Training Command
The Flying Division, Air Training Command, was a training formation of the United States Air Force. The unit was established in 1926 as the Air Corps Training Center to be the primary pilot training center for the Air Corps. It was reorganized into one of three training commands created by the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps in 1940 to accommodate the large number of air cadets being recruited as a result of the expansion of the corps after the fall of France. During World War II, thousands of cadets attended various flight schools throughout the Central United States being trained as pilots for fighters, bombers and transports. It also trained the navigators, bombardiers and gunners necessary for the bombers to attack enemy targets in the combat areas overseas. After World War II, it became the primary pilot and aircrew training unit of the United States Air Force Air Training Command.
2023 Supercopa Ecuador
The 2023 Supercopa Ecuador, known as the 2023 Supercopa Ecuador Ecuabet for sponsorship purposes, was the third edition of the Supercopa Ecuador, Ecuador's football super cup. It was held on 11 February 2023 between the 2022 Ecuadorian Serie A champions Aucas and the 2022 Copa Ecuador champions Independiente del Valle at Estadio La Cocha in Latacunga.

In the match, Independiente del Valle defeated Aucas 3–0 to win their first Supercopa Ecuador title.

2022 LigaPro Serie A
The 2022 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A, known as the LigaPro Betcris 2022 for sponsoring purposes, was the 64th season of the Serie A, Ecuador's top tier football league, and the fourth under the management of the Liga Profesional de Fútbol del Ecuador (or LigaPro). The season began on 18 February and ended on 13 November 2022.

Aucas won their first Serie A title in this season, defeating Barcelona in the finals by a 1–0 aggregate score. Independiente del Valle were the defending champions.
Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC), also known as the child soldier treaty, is a multilateral treaty whereby states agree to: 1) prohibit the conscription into the military of children under the age of 18; 2) ensure that military recruits are no younger than 16; and 3) prevent recruits aged 16 or 17 from taking a direct part in hostilities. The treaty also forbids non-state armed groups from recruiting anyone under the age of 18 for any purpose.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the treaty as a supplementary protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child by resolution 54/263 on 25 May 2000. The protocol came into force on 12 February 2002. The treaty consists of thirteen articles.

As of January 2023, 173 states are party to the protocol. A further 7 states have signed but not ratified it.

Multilateral treaty
A multilateral treaty or multilateral agreement is a treaty to which two or more sovereign states are parties. Each party owes the same obligations to all other parties, except to the extent that they have stated reservations. Examples of multilateral treaties include the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Geneva Conventions, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
Kenbe la, Until We Win
Kenbe la, Until We Win (French: Kenbe la, jusqu'à la victoire) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Will Prosper and released in 2019. The film profiles Haitian Canadian artist and activist Alain Philoctète, as he tries to establish a permaculture project in Haiti as his final legacy toward his birth country, while battling the terminal cancer that would ultimately take his life in 2020.

The film premiered at the 2019 Montreal International Documentary Festival, where it was the winner of the People's Choice Award, before going into commercial release in 2020.

The film was longlisted for the Directors Guild of Canada's DGC Discovery Award in 2020.

Jean-Marc Vallée DGC Discovery Award
The Jean-Marc Vallée DGC Discovery Award is an annual Canadian award, presented by the Directors Guild of Canada to honour works by emerging filmmakers.

Presented for the first time in 2016, the award is given primarily to filmmakers making their first or second feature films in any genre; however, more established filmmakers are also eligible for their first film outside their usual genre, such as a narrative filmmaker making their first documentary film or vice versa. An initial longlist of between 10 and 15 nominees is announced, which is then reduced to a shortlist of four to six films, before the award is presented at the annual DGC award gala.

Formerly presented as the DGC Discovery Award, it was renamed in 2022 in memory of director Jean-Marc Vallée following his death in December 2021.
Putri Ariani
Ariani Nisma Putri ((2005-12-31)December 31, 2005), known professionally as Putri Ariani, is an Indonesian pop singer-songwriter with visual impairment. She rose to fame after winning the competition Indonesia's Got Talent season 2014. She gained global recognition for her participation in America's Got Talent 2023. Her audition video went viral and trended in over 30 countries. She placed 4th in the competition.

Indonesia's Got Talent season 2
The second season of the talent show competition series Indonesia's Got Talent premiered on SCTV on 5 April 2014, and concluded on 19 July 2014. This program is a franchise of the Got Talent series owned by Simon Cowell and the company SYCO. If the first season aired on Indosiar in 2010, and the second season was broadcast on SCTV in 2014.
Lim Hooi Seong
Lim Hooi Seong (1 June 1901 – 13 February 1958) was a Chinese anthropologist and archaeologist who contributed significantly to the development of the studies of anthropology and ethnology in China. An expert in ethnic research, he was involved in the Academia Sinica during its founding and conducted studies on Taiwanese indigenous peoples and Malays throughout the 1930s. He was also an early alumnus of Xiamen University, being one of its earliest academicians, and founded the Museum of Anthropology of Xiamen University, the first anthropological museum in China.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he fled to the Straits Settlements and became the provost of Chung Ling High School, Malaya's premier Chinese high school. In his later life, he became a politician associated with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), becoming a member of the National People's Congress.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Turn Around (album)
Turn Around is the fifth studio album by American musician Jonny Lang. It was released on September 19, 2006, through A&M Records. Recording sessions took place at Platinum Lab in Berry Hill and Ameraycan Studio in North Hollywood with additional recording at Soundstage Studios in Nashville and Drew's Groove Studios. Production was handled by Lang himself together with Drew and Shannon. It features guest appearances from Michael McDonald and Haylie Lang. The album peaked at number 35 on the Billboard 200, number one on the Top Christian Albums chart, and number 12 on the Top Rock Albums chart in the United States. At the 49th Annual Grammy Awards, it won a Grammy Award for Best Rock or Rap Gospel Album.

North Hollywood, Los Angeles
North Hollywood (NoHo) is a neighborhood and district in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood contains the NoHo Arts District, El Portal Theater, several art galleries, and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. The North Hollywood Metro Rail station is the northern terminus of the B Line subway on the Los Angeles Metro.

North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887. It was first named "Toluca" before being renamed "Lankershim" in 1896 and finally "North Hollywood" in 1927.
Darmiyaan (TV series)
Darmiyaan is a 2013 Pakistani television series directed by Shahid Shafaat. It aired on ARY Digital and stars Sania Saeed, Adnan Siddiqui and Syra Yousuf in leading roles. It broadcast in India on Zindagi.

Shahid Shafaat
Shahid Shafaat (Urdu: شاہد شفاعت) is a Pakistani director, writer, producer and actor who works in television, film and theatre. Mostly known for his work as a director, Shafaat started his on-screen career in the early 2000s and directed more than 10 television plays. He received Lux Style Award nomination as Best TV Director for Dil Mom Ka Diya.
McGee Creek (Missouri)
McGee Creek is a stream in northeastern Wayne County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The stream is a tributary to the Mingo Swamp.

The stream headwaters arise in northern Wayne County (at 37°05′33″N 90°15′42″W﻿ / ﻿37.09250°N 90.26167°W﻿ / 37.09250; -90.26167) and the stream flows east-southeast parallel to Missouri Route P. It crosses under Route TT just north of McGee and continues to the southeast crossing under Route Z just prior to entering the swamp (at 37°02′54″N 90°07′46″W﻿ / ﻿37.04833°N 90.12944°W﻿ / 37.04833; -90.12944).

McGee Creek has the name of the local McGhee family.

Mingo National Wildlife Refuge
The Mingo National Wildlife Refuge is a 21,676-acre (87.7-km2) National Wildlife Refuge located in northwestern Stoddard and southeastern Wayne counties in Missouri. Its southwesternmost portion lies on the shores of Lake Wappapello. Named after the Mingo tribe, it was established to preserve bottomland hardwoods and provide waterfowl and other migratory birds in the Mississippi Flyway with nesting, feeding, brooding, and resting habitat.

The refuge is maintained with a 9-person staff, with a fiscal year 2004 budget of $1.2 million.
Lost Civilizations (book series)
Lost Civilizations is a series of books that have been published by Reaktion Books since 2015. The books explore the origins, development and decline of ancient civilizations and peoples, and considers the history, art, culture and legacy of these civilizations.

To date, 18 titles have been published as part of the series, with a nineteenth title due to be published in 2026.

The series has covered civilizations from various continents:

Asia (Indus, Persia, Sumer, Phoenicia, Hittites, Korea, Assyria and the Scythians)

Africa (Egypt, Nubia and Ethiopia)

Europe (Barbarian, Etruscan, Goths, Greece and Minoan)

Americas (Aztecs, Inca and Maya)

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.