hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
G. Gothandaraman
G. Gothandaraman is an Indian politician and a former Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He hails from Tirukkoyilur town in the Villupuram district. Having completed his Bachelor’s degree and a Bachelor of Laws (LLB), Gothandaraman is a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in the 2001 elections from the Mugaiyur Assembly constituency.

Viluppuram district
Viluppuram district, also known as Villupuram district or Vizhuppuram district, is one of the 38 districts that make up the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded on 30 September 1993, prior to which it was part of the Cuddalore district. Vizhuppuram district lies in the way of the national highway connecting Tiruchirappalli and Chennai, and contains historical landmarks like the 500 year-old Gingee Fort.
Scarcity of Tanks
Scarcity Of Tanks is an experimental rock band.

Founded in 2004, in Cleveland, Ohio Matthew Wascovich is the only member to be in every iteration of the band which has long had a revolving lineup.

Author Jonathan Lethem penned the liner notes for their 2018 album Hinge.

Jonathan Lethem
Jonathan Allen Lethem (/ˈliːθəm/ LEETH-əm born February 19, 1964) is an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. His first novel, Gun, with Occasional Music, a genre work that mixed elements of science fiction and detective fiction, was published in 1994. In 1999, Lethem published Motherless Brooklyn, a National Book Critics Circle Award-winning novel that achieved mainstream success. In 2003, he published The Fortress of Solitude, which became a New York Times Best Seller. In 2005, he received a MacArthur Fellowship. Since 2011, he has taught creative writing at Pomona College. In 2025, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in fiction, a prestigious honor recognizing exceptional artists and scholars in the arts and humanities.
Dracaena aurea
Dracaena aurea, the golden hala pepe, is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to the island of Kauaʻi in Hawaii.  It inhabits coastal mesic and mixed mesic forests at elevations of 120–1,070 m (390–3,510 ft). It is a small evergreen tree, usually 4.6–7.6 m (15–25 ft) tall, but sometimes reaches 12 m (39 ft).  The gray, straight trunk does not have bark and is 0.3–0.9 m (0.98–2.95 ft) in diameter.  The sword-shaped leaves are 20–51 cm (7.9–20.1 in) long and 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) wide.

It was first described by Horace Mann Jr. as Dracaena aurea in 1867. In 1914, N. E. Brown moved it to the genus Pleomele. The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families rejects the move.

N. E. Brown
Nicholas Edward Brown (11 July 1849 in Redhill, Surrey – 25 November 1934 in Kew Gardens, London) was an English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents. He was also an authority on several families of plants, including Asclepiadaceae, Aizoaceae, Labiatae and Cape plants.
Tylototriton ngoclinhensis
Tylototriton ngoclinhensis, the Ngoc Linh crocodile newt, is a species of crocodile newt native to the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. First discovered in 2018, it was described as a new species in 2023. Due to its small range, the newt is considered to be threatened and it has been proposed for it to be classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List.

Central Highlands (Vietnam)
The Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung phần), South Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Nam Trung Bộ), Western Highlands (Vietnamese: Tây Nguyên) or Midland Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung bộ) was a former region located in the south central part of Vietnam. It contained parts of the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Gia Lai, Quảng Ngãi, and Lâm Đồng. On June 12 2025 the region merged with South Central Coast.
Inu no Osanpo
Inu no Osanpo (犬のおさんぽ), (lit. "Walk the Dog") is a dog walking simulation game developed by Wow Entertainment and published by Sega for the Sega NAOMI arcade system in 2001. Players "walk" a virtual dog by walking on a treadmill and control the pet with a leash attached to a plastic dog in front of the player. The game was only released in Japan.

Sega AM1
Sega AM Research & Development No. 1 is a development department within Japanese video game company Sega Corporation that also previously existed as Wow Entertainment and Sega Wow Inc. AM1 spent most of its early existence under the leadership of Rikiya Nakagawa and developed a number of arcade games for Sega.

In 2000, Sega split its development studios into nine semi-autonomous companies, with AM1 becoming Wow Entertainment. Wow developed games for the Dreamcast and later other consoles as well as arcade games. In 2003, as part of studio consolidations within Sega, Wow was merged with Overworks Ltd. (originally titled Sega CS Research & Development No. 2 and later AM7) and renamed to Sega Wow. Nakagawa resigned a few weeks later after Sammy Corporation acquired a significant amount of shares in Sega. Sega Wow was re-integrated back into the company the next year. Since then, the AM1 division has continued within Sega.
Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)
Life Is Beautiful is a 2012 Indian Telugu-language coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Sekhar Kammula. The film features five debutante actors, Abijeet, Sudhakar Komakula, Kaushik Darbha, Shagun Kaur, and Zara Shah, in lead roles with Shriya Saran, Anjala Zaveri and Amala Akkineni in key supporting roles. The film also features Vijay Deverakonda, Sree Vishnu, and Naveen Polisetty. The film is produced by Sekhar and Chandrasekhar Kammula under Amigos Creations banner. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Mickey J. Meyer and the cinematography was handled by Vijay C. Kumar. The film received both mixed to positive reviews from critics and audiences with appreciation for the director's work.

Sree Vishnu
Sree Vishnu (born Rudraraju Vishnuvardhan; 29 February 1984) is an Indian actor who works in Telugu cinema. After appearing in minor roles, Vishnu got his breakthrough with Prema Ishq Kaadhal (2013). He later starred in supporting roles in films such as Second Hand (2013), Appatlo Okadundevadu (2016), Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi (2017). For the lattermost, he got a SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination.

He expanded to leading roles in successful comedies like Mental Madhilo (2017), Brochevarevarura (2019), Raja Raja Chora (2021), Samajavaragamana (2023), Om Bheem Bush (2024) and Single (2025).
Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic
Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic (MG C-169) is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, originally recorded on February 12, 1945, and October 3, 1946, at the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and at Carnegie Hall on June 3, 1946. The recording was released in 1954 by Clef Records.

Shrine Auditorium and Expo Hall
The Shrine Auditorium is a landmark large-event venue in Los Angeles, California. It is also the headquarters of the Al Malaikah Temple, a division of the Shriners. It was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (No. 139) in 1975, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Weirdodectes
Weirdodectes is an extinct genus of unusual marsupial from northeast Australia that lived during the Middle Miocene. Its fossils are known from a single site located at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Its diet is unknown, but is thought to have differed from that of other malleodectids. Only a single species is currently assigned to Weirdodectes, the type species W. napoleoni.

Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth. They are more developed in mammals. They are used primarily to grind food during chewing. The name molar derives from Latin, molaris dens, meaning "millstone tooth", from mola, millstone and dens, tooth. Molars show a great deal of diversity in size and shape across the mammal groups. The third molar of humans is sometimes vestigial.
Xanthoparmelia namakwa
Xanthoparmelia namakwa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Cape Province at an elevation of 200 m (660 ft), where it was found growing on schist rock outcrops in flat pasture land. The lichen has a dark yellow-green thallus that is firm and leathery in texture, and measures 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) broad. The species epithet refers to Namaqualand, a geographic area in which the type locality is situated. The lichen contains salazinic acid, norstictic acid, and usnic acid, and sometimes trace levels of other lichen substances.

Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific American lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
Mallur railway station
Mallur railway station (station code: MALR) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station situated in Mallur, Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station is an intermediate station on the newly commissioned Salem Junction–Karur Junction line which became operational in May 2013. The station is operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and comes under the Salem railway division.

Salem district
Salem district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district is now divided into Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Namakkal as individual districts. Salem is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include Mettur, Tharamangalam, Thammampatti, Attur, Omalur, Sangagiri and Edappadi. That Salem dates to at least two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins from the Roman Emperor Nero (37–68 CE) found by Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. It was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan and kings Adhiyaman and Valvil Ori of Sangam age. It is part of Mazhanadu, a vast region that dates to the second century BCE. Salem was the largest district of Tamil Nadu. It was bifurcated into Salem and Dharmapuri districts in 1965 and Namakkal district in 1997. Now Salem has been developed a lot by building many bridges and is considered to be the Smart city. Salem is famous for cultivating mangoes.
John Waddon (died 1695)
John Waddon (c. 1649 – 25 August 1695) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England  in from 1689 to 1690.

Waddon was the son of Thomas Waddon of Plymouth and his wife Honor Ley, daughter of John Ley or Kempthorne of Tonacombe and was baptised on 18 January 1649. His grandfather John Waddon was MP for Plymouth during the English Civil War. He was at Exeter College, Oxford. He was Vice-Warden of the Stannaries and Deputy Lieutenant for Cornwall and governor of Pendennis Castle. Waddon lived at Moditonham House where in 1689 John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath held a meeting with the representatives of the Prince of Orange concerning the surrender of Pendennis and Plymouth Castles.

In January 1689, Waddon was elected Member of Parliament for Saltash and held the seat until March 1690.

Waddon married Mary Herle daughter of Edward Herle of Prideaux Castle. They had no children.

Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

The college was founded in 1314 by two brothers from Devon, Bishop Walter Stapledon and Sir Richard Stapledon, as an institution to educate clergy, and has been located on Turl Street since 1315. At its foundation Exeter was popular with sons of the Devon gentry, though it has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including Raymond Raikes, William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.
USS Neosho (AO-48)
USS Neosho (AO–48) was a Kennebec-class type T2 fleet oiler of the United States Navy. The ship was laid down on 8 July 1941, as SS Catawba, by the Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard Inc., Sparrows Point, Maryland.  The purchase came under Maritime Commission contract number 145 for the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, later renamed Mobil Oil.

The ship was launched on 23 December 1941, sponsored by Mrs. Wilbur F. Burt. On 18 July 1942 she was renamed Neosho after the sinking of her namesake (AO-23) during the Battle of the Coral Sea. She was acquired by the Navy at San Francisco on 4 August 1942. She was converted by the Bethlehem Steel Co., Union Works, San Francisco; and commissioned on 16 September 1942, Comdr. Frank L. Worden in command.

Sparrows Point, Maryland
Sparrows Point is an industrial area in unincorporated Baltimore County, Maryland, United States, adjacent to Edgemere. Named after Thomas Sparrow, landowner, it was the site of a very large industrial complex owned by Bethlehem Steel, known for steelmaking and shipbuilding. In its heyday in the mid-20th century, it was the largest steel mill in the world. The site of the former Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard and steel mill is now renamed Tradepoint Atlantic in a revitalization program to clean up the environment and make it one of the largest ports on the East Coast of the United States. Today Sparrows Point is home to many distribution centers, fulfillment centers, training lots, storage lots, and the like, including those operated by Under Armour, Amazon, Home Depot, Volkswagen, and McCormick & Company.
Fifth grade
Fifth grade (also 5th Grade or Grade 5) is the fifth or sixth year of formal or compulsory education. In the United States, this is mostly the last grade of primary school, but for some states, it could be the first year of middle school. Primary school generally goes from Kindergarten and ends in fifth or sixth grade. Students in fifth grade are usually 10–11 years old. In different countries, they have different names for fifth grade. The list of different versions is below, depending on the country.

Compulsory education
Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of all people and is imposed by the government. This education may take place at a registered school or at home or other places.

Compulsory school attendance or compulsory schooling means that parents are obliged to send their children to a state-approved school.

All countries except Bhutan, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vatican City (which does not have any child citizens or child residents) have compulsory education laws.
Toulouse tramway
The Toulouse tramway (French: Tramway de Toulouse) is a two-line tram system in Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France, and operates from Toulouse to the suburb of Beauzelle, passing through Blagnac. The Line T1 tramway serves 24 stations, and runs over of a route that is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long. Including the three-station, 2.4-kilometre (1.5 mi) branch line of Line T2 which opened in April 2015, the entire Toulouse tramway serves 27 stations and is based on the Alstom Citadis 302 family of low-floor trains.

The system and its fare structure is incorporated into the Tisséo network of Toulouse, which also includes the Toulouse Metro.

Midi-Pyrénées
Midi-Pyrénées (French pronunciation: [midi piʁene] ⓘ; Occitan: Miègjorn-Pirenèus [mjɛdˈdʒuɾ piɾeˈnɛws] or Mieidia-Pirenèus [mjejˈði.ɔ piɾeˈnɛws]; Spanish: Mediodía-Pirineos) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Occitania. It was the largest region of Metropolitan France by area, larger than the Netherlands or Denmark.

Midi-Pyrénées has no historical or geographical unity. It is one of the regions of France created in the late 20th century to serve as a hinterland and zone of influence for its capital, Toulouse, one of a handful of so-called "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). Another example of this is the region of Rhône-Alpes which was created as the region for Lyon.
Račiněves
Račiněves is a municipality and village in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

Račiněves lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Litoměřice, 34 km (21 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem, and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of Prague.

Ústí nad Labem
Ústí nad Labem (Czech pronunciation: [ˈuːsciː nad ˈlabɛm] ⓘ; German: Aussig) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 91,000 inhabitants and is the capital of the Ústí nad Labem Region. It is a major industrial centre and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway junction.
Chūgen Railway
Chūgen Railway (中原鉄道, Chūgen Tetsudō) was a railway company located in Koizumi-machi (currently Oizumi), Oura district, Gunma prefecture in Japan. The company was founded on April 5, 1913, and purchased by Tobu Railway in 1937.

Rail transport company
A rail transport company is a company active within the rail industry. It can be:

a manufacturing company,

a railway undertaking providing services through operating rolling stock,

a railway infrastructure manager.

In some jurisdictions such as the United States, railway companies may combine these roles. Railway companies can be private or public.
Air Creation iXess
The Air Creation iXess is a French double-surface ultralight trike wing, designed and produced by Air Creation of Aubenas. The wing is widely used on Air Creation trikes, as well as those of other manufacturers.

Aubenas
Aubenas (French pronunciation: [ob(ə)na]; Occitan: Aubenàs) is a commune in the southern part of the Ardèche department in Southern France. It is the seat of several government offices. The mountainous and rugged countryside is popular for vacation homes. The river Ardèche flows through the commune. Aubenas is the second-most populous communes in the Ardèche department with 12,416 inhabitants as of 2023, after Annonay and before Guilherand-Granges and Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Aubenas is the centre of an urban area, composed of 22 towns and villages including Vals-les-Bains, with 41,568 inhabitants (2018). Aside from its long-year commercial activity, it has a good strategic position on the tourist field, at crossroads of a regional natural park, the zone of the Ardèche river canyon and the start of mountains. The chestnut industry is one testimony of the intense agricultural activity earlier in time.
Apollonius (Seleucid)
Apollonius (Ancient Greek: Άπολλώνιος) was a man of the Seleucid Empire who lived in the 2nd century BCE.

Apollonius was a friend of the Seleucid ruler Demetrius I Soter when the latter was a young man. When Demetrius, at the age of 10, was sent to Rome as a hostage in 175, Apollonius went with him, and supported him with his advice. Apollonius had been educated together with Demetrius, and their two families had been long connected by friendship.

Apollonius of Tarsus, the father of Apollonius, had possessed great influence with Demetrius's father, the ruler Seleucus IV Philopator. He is mentioned in 2 Maccabees 3 as the person who informed Seleucus of the great wealth held at the temple in Jerusalem.

Seleucus IV Philopator
Seleucus IV Philopator (Greek: Σέλευκος Φιλοπάτωρ, Séleukos philopátōr, meaning "Seleucus the father-loving"; c. 218 – 3 September 175 BC), ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria (now including Cilicia and Judea), Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran (Media and Persia).
Operation Mata Hari
Operation Mata Hari (Spanish: Operación Mata Hari) is a 1968 Spanish comedy film directed by Mariano Ozores and starring Gracita Morales, José Luis López Vázquez and Antonio Ozores. It is based on the story of the German spy Mata Hari's activities during the First World War.

Mata Hari
Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch: [mɑrɣaːˈreːtaː ɣeːrˈtrœydaː ˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari (/ˈmɑːtə ˈhɑːri/ MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch: [ˈmaːtaː ˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye of the day'), was a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy for Germany during World War I. She was executed by firing squad in France.

The idea of a beautiful exotic dancer using her powers of seduction as a spy made her name synonymous with the femme fatale. Mata Hari's story has inspired books, films, and other works. It has been said that she was convicted and condemned because the French Army needed a scapegoat, and that the files used to secure her conviction contained falsifications. Some have even stated that she could not have been a spy and was innocent.
Richard Summerbell
Richard C. Summerbell (born 29 June 1956) is a Canadian mycologist, author and award-winning songwriter. He was editor-in-chief of an international scientific journal Medical Mycology from 2000 to 2004. In the 1970s and 80s, he was a gay activist and an early commentator on (then) controversial topics such as AIDS and promiscuity and attitudes to homosexuality in organized religion.

Born in Brooks, Alberta, Summerbell trained as a botanist, receiving his master's degree from the University of British Columbia and his doctorate degree from the University of Toronto. He has lived with his partner, Ross Fraser, since 1978 and currently resides in Toronto, Canada.

Medical Mycology
Medical Mycology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. It was established in 1962 as Sabouraudia, honoring the French dermatologist/medical mycologist, Raimond Sabouraud and publishing 3 to 4 issues per year. In 1986 the name was changed to Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology and the number of issues was increased to six per year. The journal obtained its current name in 1998, increasing the number of yearly issues to eight in 2005. In addition, the journal occasionally publishes supplemental issues on specific topics of current interest to the medical mycology community or the proceedings of international conferences.

The journal covers all aspects of medical, veterinary, and environmental mycology. The editor-in-chief is Karl V. Clemons (California Institute for Medical Research).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.851.
Race Relations Act 1976
The Race Relations Act 1976 (c. 74) was established by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race. The scope of the legislation included discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, nationality, ethnic and national origin in the fields of employment, the provision of goods and services, education and public functions. The Act also established the Commission for Racial Equality with a view to review the legislation, which was put in place to make sure the Act rules were followed.

The Act incorporated the earlier Race Relations Act 1965 and Race Relations Act 1968 and was later amended by the Race Relations Amendment Act 2000, notably imposing a statutory duty on public bodies to promote racial equality and to demonstrate that procedures to prevent race discrimination were effective.

The Act was repealed by the Equality Act 2010, which superseded and consolidated previous discrimination law in the UK.

Statutory corporation
A statutory corporation is a corporation created by statute. Their precise nature varies by jurisdiction, but their powers are defined in, and controlled by, the creating legislation.

Bodies described in the English language as "statutory corporations" exist in the following countries in accordance with the associated descriptions (where provided).