hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herman Prins Salomon
Herman Prins Salomon (1 March 1930 – 31 January 2021) was a Dutch-American linguist and historian who specialized in the history of the Portuguese Jews, the New Christians, and the Inquisition.

Salomon was a professor of the Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures at the State University of New York at Albany (SUNY Albany). He also was editor of the American Sephardi, a scholarly magazine published by Yeshiva University. In June 2011, he was knighted by the Queen of the Netherlands into the Order of Orange-Nassau.

Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497. They should therefore be distinguished both from the descendants of those expelled in 1492 and from the present-day Jewish communities of Spain and Portugal.

The main present-day communities of Spanish and Portuguese Jews exist in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, and several other Jewish communities in the Americas have Spanish and Portuguese Jewish roots though they no longer follow the distinctive customs of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
Catalina, Newfoundland and Labrador
Catalina (/ˌkætəˈlaɪnə/ KAT-ə-LY-nə) is a community located on the eastern side of the Bonavista Peninsula, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Catalina adjoins the union town of Port Union, the town built for and home to the Fisherman's Union Company established by Sir William Coaker.

The name of the town is purported by E.R. Seary to derive from the French Havre Sainte-Katherine which was later changed to the Spanish name Cataluna.

In 2005 Catalina was amalgamated with Little Catalina, Melrose and Port Union to form the town of Trinity Bay North.

Fishermen's Union Trading Co.
The Fishermen's Union Trading Company (F.U.T.C.), a limited liability company, was founded in 1911 to be the commercial arm of the Fishermen's Protective Union (FPU). Its mandate, as set out by William Coaker, founder of the FPU, was to be the agent for cooperative purchasing of supplies by fishermen along the coast of Newfoundland and to also serve as a cooperative marketing agent of their fish catches.
A Tribute to Kurt Cobain
A Tribute to Kurt Cobain also called Nirvana: Tribute to Kurt Cobain in the US is a documentary about Kurt Cobain who was the lead singer and guitarist of American rock band Nirvana and who committed suicide in April 1994. It was released in June 1994 and is significant as the first unofficial Nirvana or Kurt Cobain documentary to be available as a home video. It peaked at number 22 on Billboard's Top Video Sales chart.

Suicide of Kurt Cobain
On April 8, 1994, Kurt Cobain, the lead singer and guitarist of the American rock band Nirvana, was found dead at his home on Lake Washington Boulevard in the Denny-Blaine (also called Harrison) area of Seattle, Washington. Forensic investigators and a coroner later determined that Cobain had died on approximately April 5, three days prior to the discovery of his body. The Seattle Police Department incident report stated that Cobain was found with a Remington Model 11 20-gauge shotgun across his body and had suffered a visible gunshot wound to the head; a suicide note had been discovered nearby. Seattle police confirmed his death as a suicide.

Following his death, conspiracy theories that Cobain was murdered were spread and reported to the FBI, partially due to an Unsolved Mysteries episode dedicated to Cobain's death.
Wendsee
Wendsee is a lake in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated to the west of the city of Brandenburg an der Havel, and is one of a number of directly linked lakes, along with the Breitlingsee, Möserscher See, Plauer See, and Quenzsee. The lake has a surface area of 80 hectares (200 acres), and has a maximum depth of 4.9 metres (16 ft).

The lake is navigable and has direct access to the Plauer See, and hence the River Havel, at its eastern end, where it is spanned by the Seegartenbrücke. The Elbe–Havel Canal enters the lake at its western end. A short navigable channel also links the southern end of the Wendsee to the Wusterwitzer See. Navigation is administered as part of the Elbe–Havel Canal.

Elbe–Havel Canal
The Elbe–Havel Canal is a 56-kilometre-long waterway in Germany. It links Magdeburg, on the River Elbe, with Brandenburg on the River Havel.

Since 2003, the Elbe–Havel Canal has been connected to the Mittelland Canal by the Magdeburg Water Bridge, which crosses above the River Elbe. The Mittelland Canal provides a connection to the west of Germany. To the east, the River Havel connects to the Oder-Havel Canal, and the Elbe–Havel Canal thus forms part of a continuous waterway from the west to Berlin and Poland.
Poniatów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Poniatów [pɔˈɲatuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic.

Kłodzko County
Kłodzko County (Polish: powiat kłodzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

The county covers an area of 1,643 square kilometres (634 sq mi); its territory almost exactly corresponds to the former Bohemian, later Prussian, County of Kladsko. It is located in a panhandle called Kłodzko Panhandle. The county's administrative seat is the town of Kłodzko; the other towns are: Duszniki-Zdrój, Nowa Ruda, Polanica-Zdrój, Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Kudowa-Zdrój, Lądek-Zdrój, Międzylesie, Radków, Stronie Śląskie and Szczytna. (The suffix Zdrój appearing in several of these names means "spa".)

As of 2019 the total population of the county was 158,600.
Claire Cloninger
Claire Cloninger (August 12, 1942 – August 15, 2019) was an American songwriter of contemporary Christian music, author and speaker. She (co-)wrote hundreds of songs, including "You Gave Me Love When Nobody Gave Me A Prayer" with Archie Jordan for B. J. Thomas, "Friend of a Wounded Heart" for Wayne Watson (who was also a co-writer), and songs for Sandi Patty and Paul Overstreet. She authored 18 books, including Making ‘I Do’ Last a Lifetime, Dear Abba: Finding the Father’s Heart Through Prayer, and Postcards for People Who Hurt. She won six Dove Awards from the Gospel Music Association.

GMA Dove Award
A Dove Award is an accolade by the Gospel Music Association (GMA) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the Christian music industry. The awards ceremonies presented annually and have been held in Nashville, Tennessee except in 2011 and 2012 when they were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The ceremonies feature live musical performances and are broadcast on TBN.

The awards were established in 1969 and represent a variety of musical styles including rock, pop, hip hop, country, and urban.
Vienna Award
The Vienna Award (also called the Vienna Arbitration or Vienna Diktat) was either of two arbitral decisions made by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy rewarding disputed territory to Hungary. Both decisions were made at the Belvedere Palace, in Vienna, just before and after the Second World War (1939–1945) started.

First Vienna Award (2 November 1938): Hungary received part of southern Czechoslovakia (now part of modern-day Slovakia). This territorial change was declared null and void in the 1947 Treaty of Paris.

Second Vienna Award (30 August 1940): Hungary received Northern Transylvania from Romania. This was voided by the Allied Commission in the Armistice Agreement with Romania in 1944.

Northern Transylvania
Northern Transylvania (Romanian: Ardealul de Nord; Hungarian: Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. With an area of 43,104 km2 (16,643 sq mi), the population was largely composed of both ethnic Romanians and Hungarians.

In October 1944, Soviet and Romanian forces gained control of the territory, and by March 1945 Northern Transylvania returned to Romanian administration. After the war, this was confirmed by the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947.
Antonio Argilés
Antonio Argilés Antón (31 December 1931 – 21 August 1990) was a Spanish footballer. He played for RCD Espanyol during all his career, and he is still the most used player at Espanyol with 301 La Liga games.

Born in Terrassa, Argilés began playing football in the youth system of local side Terrassa FC. In October 1950, he joined RCD Espanyol where he would play as a right-wing defender. Argilés was a fixture in Espanyol's lineup from his debut, featuring for the club in the 1957 Copa del Generalísimo Final. He left the club after it was relegated at the end of the 1961–62 La Liga season. Argilés re-joined Espanyol for the 1963–64 La Liga season, which would be his last year playing professional football.

After he retired from playing, Argilés became a football coach. He managed Espanyol, CF Badalona, Gimnàstic de Tarragona, CE Europa, CE L'Hospitalet and Bufalà.

Gimnàstic de Tarragona
Club Gimnàstic de Tarragona, commonly known as Gimnàstic Tarragona or sometimes just Nàstic, is a Spanish sports club based in Tarragona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Its football team plays in Primera Federación – Group 2.

The club was founded in 1886 and is one of the oldest football clubs in Spain. It has teams competing in athletics, basketball, tennis, gymnastics, table tennis and futsal, but a football team was not formed until 1914. The team enjoyed a three-year La Liga spell in its beginnings (1947–50).

Since 1972, the team has played home games at Nou Estadi Costa Daurada, which seats 14,591 spectators.
NGC 500
NGC 500 (also known as PGC 5013) is a type E-SO lenticular galaxy located in the Pisces constellation. It has an apparent size of .8 by .6 arcminutes and an apparent magnitude of 14.2. It was first discovered in 1850 by Bindon Blood Stoney during his time at Birr Castle in Ireland.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 500: SN 1990A (type unknown, mag. 19) was discovered by Christian Pollas on 1 January 1990.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Egeria (mythology)
Egeria (Latin: [eːˈgɛria], Ancient Greek: Ἠγερία) was a nymph attributed a legendary role in the early history of Rome as a divine consort and counselor of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, to whom she imparted laws and rituals pertaining to ancient Roman religion. Her name is used as an eponym for a female advisor or counselor.

Ariccia
Ariccia (Latin: Aricia) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Central Italy, 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Rome. It is in the Alban Hills of the Lazio (Latium) region and could be considered an extension of Rome's southeastern suburbs. One of the Castelli Romani towns, Ariccia is located in the regional park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani".
Railroad Track Maintenance Tax Credit
The Railroad Track Maintenance Tax Credit, also known as the 45G Tax Credit due to its tax line item reference in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, Title 26, is a federal income tax credit for track maintenance conducted by short lines and regional railroads in the United States. The credit grants an amount equal to 50 percent of qualified track maintenance expenditures and other qualifying railroad infrastructure projects. It was first inserted into the tax code by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, and went into effect on January 1, 2005 with an expiration date of December 31, 2009. The credit was extended seven times until it was made permanent by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, but new legislation was introduced on January 16, 2025 to modify the credit, increasing the per-mile reimbursement cap, making the credit eligible for inflation adjustment and expanding the amount of track eligible for reimbursement.

Internal Revenue Code
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States. It is codified in statute as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRC is organized topically into subtitles and sections, covering federal income tax in the United States, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. The Code's implementing federal agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
French frigate Aquilon (1733)
Aquilon was a 42-gun fifth-rate frigate of the French Navy. She was ship-rigged purpose-built by Rene-Nicolas Levasseur, and was commissioned in April 1734. She was sunk in action on 14 May 1757, when HMS Antelope drove her ashore in the bay of Audierne.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Mystical Truth
Mystical Truth is a studio album by the Jamaican reggae band Black Uhuru. It was released in 1993 through Mesa Recordings. The album peaked at number 6 on the US Billboard World Albums chart and was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album at 36th Annual Grammy Awards.

36th Annual Grammy Awards
The 36th Annual Grammy Awards were held on March 1, 1994. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. Whitney Houston was the Big Winner winning 3 awards including Record of the Year and Album of the Year while opening the show with "I Will Always Love You".

Audrey Hepburn's win made her the fifth person to become an EGOT, and the first person to complete the status posthumously.

Paul Simon was the first performer of the evening.
Arnold Fitch
Edward Arnold Fitch, OBE (23 February 1880 – 23 April 1965) was Archdeacon of Taunton from 1938 to 1950.

The son of the Rev. Edward Fitch, sometime vicar of Burgh-by-Sands he was educated at Denstone College and Edinburgh Theological College. He was ordained deacon in 1905; and Priest in 1906. After a curacy at St James, Leith he became a Chaplain to the Forces in 1910. He served at Woolwich, Curragh, Pretoria, Harrismith, Bloemfontein, The Western Front, Bovington, Aldershot and Gibraltar. In 1936 he became an Honorary Chaplain to the King. He was rector of Angersleigh from 1946 to 1954. He was also a Prebendary of Compton Bishop in Wells Cathedral.

He died on 23 April 1965.

Harrismith
Harrismith is a large town in the Free State province of South Africa. It was named for Sir Harry Smith, a 19th-century British governor and high commissioner of the Cape Colony. It is situated by the Wilge River, alongside the N3 highway, about midway between Johannesburg, about 275 km to the north-west, and Durban to the south-east. The town is located at the junction of the N5 highway, which continues westward towards the provincial capital Bloemfontein, some 340 km to the south-west. This important crossroads in South Africa's land trade routes is surrounded by mesas and buttes. It is located at the base of one of these called Platberg (i.e. "flat / flat-topped mountain" in Afrikaans).

The municipality was placed under administration in 2018 after then-mayor Vusi Tshabalala was removed from office on the basis of corruption allegations. Being situated halfway between Johannesburg and Durban, the town is generally very busy, especially the N3 freeway that runs past the town.
Sommerkahl (Kahl)
The Sommerkahl (in its upper course: Speckkahl) is a small river in the northern Spessart region in Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. Near Langenborn (part of Schöllkrippen) the Sommerkahl empties from the left into the Kahl. Together with the Westerbach, Reichenbach and Geiselbach, the Sommerkahl is one of the largest tributaries of the Kahl.

Spessart
Spessart (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpɛsaʁt] ⓘ) is a Mittelgebirge, a range of low wooded mountains, in the States of Bavaria and Hesse in Germany. It is bordered by the Vogelsberg, Rhön and Odenwald. The highest elevation is the Geiersberg at 586 metres above sea level.
Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca
46°46′10″N 23°35′30″E﻿ / ﻿46.7694°N 23.5917°E﻿ / 46.7694; 23.5917

Eroilor Avenue ("Heroes' Avenue") is a central avenue in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, connecting the Avram Iancu and Unirii squares. The northern side of the avenue was converted during the late 2000s into a pedestrian zone.

In the late 19th century and until 1919, the avenue was called Deák Ferenc utca. During the interwar era, the street was called Regina Maria, after Queen Mary of Romania; during the communist era it was named after Petru Groza, a Romanian prime-minister of that time.

Piața Unirii, Cluj-Napoca
46°46′10″N 23°35′24″E﻿ / ﻿46.769306°N 23.59°E﻿ / 46.769306; 23.59

Piața Unirii (Romanian for Union Square) is the largest and most important square in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca. The square is one of the largest in Romania, with dimensions of 220 m by 160 m.  The central district of the city spreads out from this square. The St. Michael's Church, with the highest church tower in Romania (80m), is the second largest Gothic-style church in Romania. The church was constructed in two phases. The first from 1316 to 1390 and the second from 1410 to 1487. Also, the statue of King of Hungary Matthias Corvinus is located here.

The old town hall, the National Museum of Art, the Josika Palace, and the Rhédey palace can also be found here.

The Piața Unirii was originally called Nagypiac in Hungarian (Piața Mare in Romanian), meaning "Big Market Square", as opposed to the Kispiac ("Little Market Square"), which is now the Museum Square.
RKAVV
Rooms-Katholieke Aloysius Voetbalvereniging, known as RKAVV, is a football club based in Leidschendam, Netherlands. Currently member of the Vierde Divisie, the fifth tier of the Dutch football league system, it plays home matches at Kastelenring. The club's colours are red and white.

Edwin Vurens played for RKAVV. He is the only RKAVV player to have made an appearance for the Netherlands national football team.

Leidschendam
Leidschendam (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɛitsə(n)ˌdɑm]) is a town and former municipality in the province of South Holland of the Netherlands. Along with Voorburg and Stompwijk, it is part of the municipality Leidschendam-Voorburg.
Jack Johnson (rugby league)
Jack Johnson (born 1 July 1999) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback or on the wing for Oldham RLFC in the RFL Championship.

He previously played for the Warrington Wolves in the Super League, and spent time on loan from Warrington at the Rochdale Hornets in League 1 and the Championship. Johnson also spent time on loan from the Wolves at Widnes in the Super League, and joined Featherstone Rovers towards the end of the 2019 Championship season.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Cordwainer
A cordwainer (/ˈkɔːrdˌweɪnər/) is a shoemaker who makes new shoes from new leather. The cordwainer's trade can be contrasted with the  cobbler's trade, according to a tradition in Britain that restricted cobblers to repairing shoes. This usage distinction is not universally observed, as the word cobbler is widely used for tradespeople who make or repair shoes.

The Oxford English Dictionary classifies the word cordwainer as archaic, but "still used in the names of guilds, for example, the Cordwainers' Company"; but its definition of cobbler mentions only mending, reflecting the older distinction. Play 14 of the Chester Mystery Plays was presented by the guild of corvisors, glossed as "shoemakers".

Chester Mystery Plays
The Chester Mystery Plays is a cycle of mystery plays originating in the city of Chester, England and dating back to at least the early part of the 15th century. They were banned during the reign of Elizabeth I for "Popery" by the Church of England.
Richard R. Wright
Richard Robert Wright Sr. (May 16, 1855 – July 2, 1947) was an American military officer, educator and college president, politician, civil rights advocate and banking entrepreneur. Among his many accomplishments, he founded a high school, a college, and a bank. He also founded the National Freedom Day Association in 1941.

Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University (CAU or Clark Atlanta) is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded on September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University, the first HBCU in the United States to confer graduate degrees to African Americans.   In 1988, the school consolidated with Clark College (established 1869) to form CAU. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Team Sityodtong
42°23′14″N 71°05′00″W﻿ / ﻿42.387209°N 71.083345°W﻿ / 42.387209; -71.083345

Sityodtong USA, also known as Team Sityodtong, is a Muay Thai and mixed martial arts training camp based out of Somerville, Massachusetts. The headquarters of Sityodtong Camp is in Pattaya, Thailand.  Its Grandmaster is Yodtong Senanan and he has produced 57 Muay Thai Champions, the largest number in the history of Muay Thai in Thailand. The owner and head trainer of Sityodtong Boston, Mark DellaGrotte, is a teacher of various styles of Muay Thai such as Mae Mai Muay Thai, Pradal Serey, Muay Boran, Muay Lao, and also Burmese Boxing. The team members includes MMA fighters such as Calvin Kattar, Rob Font, Marcus Davis, Dale Hartt, and  Patrick Côté.

Between UFC 67 and UFC 85, Team Sityodtong did not lose a fight in the UFC.

Calvin Kattar
Calvin Kattar (/ˈkeɪtər/ KAY-tər; born March 26, 1988) is an American professional mixed martial artist and owner of MMA promotion Combat Zone. He currently competes in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2007, Kattar formerly competed for EliteXC.