hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Von Klingen family
The von Klingen family (and its two main lineages of von Altenklingen and von Hohenklingen) were a baronial family from Thurgau documented from the 12th to the 15th centuries. Their possessions were scattered across a wide radius around Altenklingen Castle (in Wigoltingen) northwest of the Ottenberg, along Lower Lake Constance and around Hohenklingen Castle near Stein am Rhein. The family inhabited the latter castle until the 15th century as bailiffs of the town and advocates of St. George's Abbey.

Codex Manesse
The Codex Manesse (also Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift or Pariser Handschrift) is a Liederhandschrift (a German term for a manuscript containing songs) which is the single most comprehensive source of Middle High German Minnesang poetry. It was written and illustrated between c. 1304 when the main part was completed, and c. 1340 with the addenda.

The codex was produced in Zürich (Switzerland), for the Manesse family.

The manuscript is "the most beautifully illumined German manuscript in centuries"; its 137 miniatures are a series of "portraits" depicting each poet.

It is currently housed in the Heidelberg University Library.

In 2023, Codex Manesse was admitted to UNESCO's Memory of the World.
Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel
Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel (May 10, 1857 – April 17, 1938) was a colonel general in the Austro-Hungarian Army.  He was a general staff officer and division commander until World War I broke out.  During World War I he was a Corps and Army commander serving in Serbia, Albania and Italy.  During World War I he was promoted to Graf (equivalent to a Count) in the Austrian nobility.  Following the end of World War I and the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Scheuchenstuel retired from the military.  He died in Vienna.

Colonel general
Colonel general is a military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and Generaloberst was a rank above full General, but below Generalfeldmarschall. The rank of colonel general is also used in the armed forces organized along the lines of the Soviet model, where it is comparable to that of a lieutenant general.
Hugo Ribbert
(Moritz Wilhelm) Hugo Ribbert (1 March 1855 in Hohenlimburg – 6 November 1920 in Bonn) was a German professor of pathology.

Ribbert studied at Bonn, Berlin and Strassburg. In 1883 he was appointed Professor extraordinarius at Bonn. In 1892 he became professor at Zurich. In 1900 he moved to Marburg University; in 1903 he moved to Göttingen University; and in 1905 he returned to Bonn.

An 1881 conference report of Ribbert is considered to be the first description of  cells infected with the cytomegalovirus. In 1905 Ribbert proposed an embryonal origin for cancer (Cohnheim-Ribbert theory of cancer).

Marburg University
Marburg University (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation.

Marburg University has 21,162 students (2024/25) and is located in Marburg. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.
Pearl Petroleum
Pearl Petroleum is a five-company consortium consisting of two Middle Eastern oil and gas companies, Dana Gas and Crescent Petroleum, which together are the operator of the Kurdistan Gas Project, in  partnership with three major European energy companies: OMV, MOL, and RWE. Pearl Petroleum produces and develops natural gas assets in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

OMV
OMV, formerly an abbreviation for Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft (English: Austrian Mineral Oil Administration Stock Company), is an integrated company with three robust pillars: Chemicals, Fuels & Feedstock, and Energy. It supports the transition to a lower-carbon economy and has the ambition to become a net zero emissions business by 2050 for Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. The majority of its nearly 24,000 employees work at its integrated European sites. In 2024, the company is listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange. In the 2021 Forbes Global 2000, OMV Group was ranked as the 413th largest public company in the world.
Madrean region
The Madrean region (named after the Sierra Madre Occidental) is a floristic region within the Holarctic kingdom in North America, as delineated by Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne. It occupies arid or semiarid areas in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico and is bordered by the Rocky Mountain floristic region and North American Atlantic region of the Holarctic kingdom in the north and in the east, Caribbean region of the Neotropical kingdom in the south.

The Madrean region is characterized by a very distinct flora with at least three endemic families (Fouquieriaceae, Simmondsiaceae, and Setchellanthaceae). Crossosomataceae, Garryaceae, Lennoaceae, Limnanthaceae and Stegnospermataceae have their principal development here; for Onagraceae, Polemoniaceae and Hydrophyllaceae it is the major center of diversity. More than 250 genera and probably more than half of the species of the region are endemic to it according to Takhtajan.

Simmondsiaceae
Simmondsiaceae or the jojoba family is a family of flowering plants.  The family is not recognized by all taxonomic systems, the single species, Simmondsia chinensis, often being treated as belonging to the family Buxaceae.

The APG II system, as of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recognize this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots.  It consists of a single species only,  jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), of North American shrubs.

The Cronquist system, 1981, had also recognized this family and placed it in the order Euphorbiales.
Rosario Ortiz
Rosario Ortiz (born 10 October 1827; year of death unknown), also known by the nickname La Monche, was a Chilean political activist who supported the Revolution of 1859, led by General José María de la Cruz against President Manuel Montt.

She recruited soldiers for this cause and enlisted as a vivandera (sutler) in the Army of the South, fighting in the Battle of Loncomilla.

In the Revolution of 1859 she returned to take up arms against Montt as part of the revolutionary troops of Alemparte. She eventually reached the rank of captain.

La Monche is also recognized as one of the first women journalists in Chile, and the first woman to write for a newspaper in Concepción. She contributed to El Correo del Pueblo and Revista del Sur as a fervent opponent of Montt.

Her remains lie in a modest grave in the General Cemetery of Concepción, with an epitaph which reads: "Here lies La Monche, lived and died for freedom. A worker."

Battle of Loncomilla
The Battle of Loncomilla was the decisive battle of the 1851 Chilean Revolution between conservative government and liberal rebel forces on 8 December 1851. The conservative victory in the battle essentially crushed the revolution. The rebel army of José María de la Cruz's was aided by Mapuche chief Mañil who participated in battle with his warriors. After defeat at Loncomilla Mañil returned south. According to historian José Bengoa Mapuches saw the government in Santiago as their main enemy, explaining thus the participation of Mapuches on the side of José María de la Cruz Concepción-based revolt.
Kenan Mutapcic
Kenan Mutapčić (born 6 November 1979) is a Bosnian rugby union  football player based in France. He plays as a prop.

Mutapčić was attached to US Bressane but switched to Grenoble in the French Rugby Pro D2 division during the 2009-10 season.

He plays for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Union Sportive Bressane
Union Sportive Bressane is a general sports club based in the town of Bourg-en-Bresse, France. The club has competed for the past few years in France's third division, Nationale. During the 2007–08 season, they managed to reach the final of the Jean-Prat championship and faced a surging US Colomiers side. US Bressane was easily defeated 36-3, but thanks to reaching the final this still earned the club automatic promotion to the second division of France, Rugby Pro D2 for 2008-09.
St Bartholomew's Church, Furtho
St Bartholomew's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the former village of Furtho, Northamptonshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  Once medieval village, Furtho became deserted following enclosures that began in the early 16th century and were completed by Thomas Furtho in the 1570s.  All that remains in the vicinity of the church is a farm and a dovecote.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka
The Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka (RASSL) is based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is one of the oldest learned societies in Sri Lanka with a history of over 160 years. It was established on 7 February 1845, paralleling  the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland to further oriental research as the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. In 1977 it was renamed the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Interstate 290 (Massachusetts)
Interstate 290 (I-290) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the US state of Massachusetts, maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). Spanning approximately 20 miles (32 km), it is signed as an east–west spur route of I-90 (Massachusetts Turnpike) in Central Massachusetts. The route begins in Auburn at I-90 as a northward continuation of I-395. It follows an L-shaped route, the nominally western half of which runs north into the city of Worcester, and, upon leaving the city, turns to the east to its eastern terminus at I-495 in Marlborough. Past I-495, the road continues as the Route 85 Connector to the town of Hudson. The route serves as the main freeway route through Worcester, as well as being part of a longer distance travel corridor through New England, connecting Connecticut and Western Massachusetts with much of New Hampshire and Maine.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
2007 Newfoundland and Labrador provincial by-elections
Five provincial by-elections were held in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador in 2007, following vacancies in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly. Three took place on February 8, and two took place on February 13.

In addition, one special election took place on November 6, 2007, following the death of a candidate during the general election campaign in October.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Pierre Benoit (MLA)
Pierre Benoit (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ bənwa]; 30 April 1824 – 26 August 1870) was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

He practised his profession as a notary in Saint-Rémi, Quebec from 1846 to 1861. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Napierville in a by-election in 1862, representing the Parti rouge; he was defeated in 1863.

He was elected to the first Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the 1867 general election for the Quebec Liberal Party in Napierville.  He died in office.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Josh Bootsma
Josh Bootsma (born 22 February 1993) is an Australian rules footballer and was listed with Peel Thunder in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) up until the end of 2016. He previously played for the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), but had his contract terminated midway through the 2014 season, for breaching the club's and the AFL's codes of conduct.

2011 AFL draft
The 2011 AFL draft consisted of five opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2011/12 Australian Football League off-season.

These were:

2011 trade week; which was held between 10 October and 17 October

A mini-draft of 17-year-old players, as part of the recruitment concessions given to the newly established Greater Western Sydney Giants, which was held on 13 October

The 2011 national draft; which was held on 24 November in Sydney.

The 2012 pre-season draft, held on 13 December 2011 and

The 2012 rookie draft, also on 13 December 2011.

It was the first national draft to feature the Greater Western Sydney Giants, who joined the league in 2012. It was the final draft period before the introduction of free agency in the 2012/13 offseason.
Anthene kikuyu
Anthene kikuyu, the Kikuyu ciliate blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Mauritania, Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, central and western Kenya and north-western Tanzania. The habitat consists of dry savanna.

Adults of both sexes are often attracted to the flowers of Acacia species.

The larvae feed on the young terminal shoots of Acacia lahai, Acacia stenocarpa and Dichrostachys species. They are associated with ants of the genus Crematogaster.

Crematogaster
Crematogaster is an ecologically diverse genus of ants found worldwide, which are characterised by a distinctive heart-shaped gaster (abdomen), which gives them one of their common names, the Saint Valentine ant. Members of this genus are also known as cocktail ants because of their habit of raising their abdomens when alarmed. Most species are arboreal (tree-dwelling). These ants are also known as acrobat ants.

Cocktail ants acquire food largely through predation on other insects, such as wasps. They use venom to stun their prey and a complex trail-laying process to lead comrades to food sources. Like most ants, Crematogaster species reproduce by partaking in nuptial flights, where the queen acquires the sperm used to fertilize every egg throughout her life.
Doubleband surgeonfish
The doubleband surgeonfish or lieutenant tang (Acanthurus tennenti) is a marine ray-finned fish in the family Acanthuridae. It is found in tropical and sub-tropical Indo-Pacific regions and can grow to be up to 50 cm (19.7") long.

Saltwater fish
Saltwater fish, also called marine fish or sea fish, are fish that live in seawater. Saltwater fish can swim and live alone or in a large group called a school.

Saltwater fish are very commonly kept in aquariums for entertainment. Many saltwater fish are also caught to be eaten, or grown in aquaculture. However, many fish species have been overfished and are otherwise threatened by marine pollution or ecological changes.
AirPlay
AirPlay is a proprietary wireless communication protocol stack/suite developed by Apple Inc. that allows the streaming of multimedia and device screens, together with related metadata, between compatible devices. Originally implemented only in Apple's own software and hardware, the company has since licensed the AirPlay protocol stack to third-party manufacturers and it has been implemented on devices such as television sets and home audio systems. AirPlay works through either a direct peer-to-peer connection between devices or through an infrastructure local network.

Open API
An open API (often referred to as a public API) is a publicly available application programming interface that provides developers with programmatic access to a (possibly proprietary) software application or web service. Open APIs are APIs that are published on the internet and are free to access by consumers.
Elegia elephantina
Elegia elephantina, the large Cape rush, is a species of reed‑like flowering plant in the family Restionaceae, native to the western Cape Provinces of South Africa. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.

Restionaceae
The Restionaceae, also called restiads and restios, are a family of flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere; they vary from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height. Following the APG IV (2016): the family now includes the former families Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Lyginiaceae, and as such includes 51 genera with 572 known species. Based on evidence from fossil pollen, the Restionaceae likely originated more than 65 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period, when the southern continents were still part of Gondwana.
Charles Benham (cricketer)
Charles Edward Benham (24 June 1880 – 13 December 1961) was a Scottish first-class cricketer who played for Essex and Scotland. A right-arm fast bowler and lower-order right-hand bat, Benham played between 1904 and 1912. His most successful season - 1908 - saw him score two half-centuries with the bat and take thirty wickets at 26.96 apiece. He played two matches for Scotland, scoring 62 runs  and taking five wickets.

Benham was born in East Ham, Essex, and he died in Broxburn, West Lothian in Scotland. His son, Fred Benham, also played for Scotland.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Martha Wells
Martha Wells (born September 1, 1964) is an American writer of speculative fiction. She has published a number of science fiction and fantasy novels, young adult novels, media tie-ins, short stories, and nonfiction essays on SF/F subjects; her novels have been translated into twelve languages. Wells is praised for the complex, realistically detailed societies she creates; this is often credited to her academic background in anthropology.

She has won four Hugo Awards, two Nebula Awards and three Locus Awards for her science fiction series The Murderbot Diaries. Wells is also known for her fantasy series Ile-Rien and The Books of the Raksura.

Locus Award
The Locus Awards are an annual set of literary awards voted on by readers of the science fiction and fantasy magazine Locus, a monthly magazine based in Oakland, California. The awards are presented at an annual banquet.

Originally a poll of Locus subscribers only, voting is now open to anyone, but the votes of subscribers count twice as much as the votes of non-subscribers. The award was inaugurated in 1971, and was originally intended to provide suggestions and recommendations for the Hugo Awards. They have come to be considered a prestigious prize in science fiction, fantasy and horror literature. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction regards the Locus Awards as sharing the stature of the Hugo and Nebula Awards.

Gardner Dozois holds the record for the most wins (43), while Neil Gaiman has won the most awards for works of fiction (18). Robert Silverberg has received the  highest number of nominations (158).
Max Brosmer
Thomas Maxwell Brosmer (/ˈbroʊzmər/ BROHZ-mər; born March 28, 2001) is an American professional football quarterback for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the New Hampshire Wildcats and Minnesota Golden Gophers.

New Hampshire Wildcats football
The New Hampshire Wildcats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of New Hampshire. The Wildcats compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA). The team plays its home games at the 11,000 seat Wildcat Stadium in Durham, New Hampshire, and are led by incoming head coach Sean Goldrich.

The school has fielded a varsity football team annually since 1893, with the exception of one year during World War I and two years during World War II. Bill Bowes, who served as head coach from 1972 to 1998, is an inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame.