hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1915 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1915 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi (now known as Mississippi State University) as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1915 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Earl C. Hayes, the Aggies compiled an overall record of 5–2–1, with a mark of 4–2–1 in conference play. Mississippi A&M played home games at the New Athletic Field in Starkville, Mississippi.

1915 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1915 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season  was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1915 college football season. The season began on September 25.

Seven out of eight newspapers voted the SIAA championship to the Vanderbilt Commodores. The Atlanta Constitution declared it a tie between Vanderbilt and Georgia Tech, which was then independent. However, Tech challenged Vandy's championship.
Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter
The  joint probabilistic data-association filter (JPDAF) is a statistical approach to the problem of plot association (target-measurement assignment) in a target tracking algorithm. Like the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF), rather than choosing the most likely assignment of measurements to a target (or declaring the target not detected or a measurement to be a false alarm), the PDAF takes an expected value, which is the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimate for the state of each target. At each time, it maintains its estimate of the target state as the mean and covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution. However, unlike the PDAF, which is only meant for tracking a single target in the presence of false alarms and missed detections, the JPDAF can handle multiple target tracking scenarios. A derivation of the JPDAF is given in.

The JPDAF is one of several techniques for radar target tracking and for target tracking in the field of computer vision.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Rudno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Rudno [ˈrudnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tychowo, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Tychowo, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Białogard, and 115 km (71 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. The village has a population of 40.

Tychowo
Tychowo [tɨˈxɔvɔ] (Kashubian: Tëchòwò; German: Groß Tychow) is a town in Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Tychowo. The town has an approximate population of 2,500.

Tychowo is a place with early medieval origins. It is known as the location of Trygław, the largest glacial erratic in Poland and one of the largest in Europe, and the location of a German-operated prisoner-of-war camp for Allied airmen of various nationalities during World War II.
Timeline of Irish inventions and discoveries
Irish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes, or techniques which owe their existence either partially or entirely to an Irish person. Often, things which are discovered for the first time are also called "inventions", and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two.

Ireland has made significant contributions to fields ranging from chemistry and physics to medicine and engineering. Irish inventors and scientists have been responsible for foundational discoveries including Boyle's law, the Kelvin scale, and the proof of the greenhouse effect, as well as practical innovations such as the hypodermic needle, the ejection seat, and the modern submarine.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
2023 Nigerian presidential election in Niger State
The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Niger State will be held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria. Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, will also be held on the same date while state elections will be held two weeks afterward on 11 March.

2023 Nigerian Senate election
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections were held on 25 February 2023 in all 109 senatorial districts where voters elected senators using first-past-the-post voting. The last regular senatorial elections for all districts were in 2019.

Other federal elections, including the elections to the House of Representatives and the presidential election, were also held on the same date while state elections was held two weeks afterwards on 11 March. The winners of these Senate elections will serve beginning in the 10th Nigerian National Assembly. The APC have held a majority in the Senate since the 2015 elections and solidified that majority in 2019.

As of May 2023, the APC had retained its 59 seats, while the PDP had lost 3 for a total of 37. The Labour Party won seats in its own name for the first time, taking 7 mandates, while smaller parties, such as the NNPP and Social Democratic Party, took a total of 5. One seat has not yet been called.
Nikolay Demyanov
Nikolay Yakovlevich Demyanov (Russian: Никола́й Я́ковлевич Демья́нов; March 27 [O.S. March 15] 1861, Tver – March 19, 1938, Moscow), also known as Demjanov and Demjanow, was a Russian organic chemist and a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929). He is internationally known for the Demjanov rearrangement organic reaction and other discoveries.

He was a recipient of the Lenin Prize in 1930.

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
Charles "Sparky" Kawamoto
Charles "Sparky" Kiyoichi Kawamoto (July 6, 1908 – April 7, 1982) was an American swimming coach. Kawamoto was most notable for coaching Yoshi Oyakawa who won the gold medal in the men's 100-meter backstroke at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

In the 1930s, Kawamoto founded the Hilo Aquatic Club in Hilo, Hawaii. After World War II, Kawamoto became a head coach for the Hilo High School swimming team. Kawamoto also coached Olympic swimmer Sonny Tanabe who helped the United States win a silver medal in the men's 4x200 meter freestyle relay at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Swimming at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 1956 Summer Olympic Games took place 1 – 3 December The relay featured teams of four swimmers each swimming four lengths of the 50 m pool freestyle.
Northwest Passage (album)
Northwest Passage is a 1981 album by Stan Rogers. "Northwest Passage" compares the singer's own travels across the prairie provinces to the exploratory adventures of Sir John Franklin, Alexander Mackenzie, David Thompson, and Henry Kelsey. "The Idiot" is about a man from the Maritimes working in Alberta who yearns for his home. "Night Guard" deals with modern-day cattle rustling, and "The Field Behind the Plow" addresses the triumphs and tragedies of grain farming in Saskatchewan.

John Franklin
Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin KCH FRS FLS FRGS (16 April 1786 – 11 June 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer and colonial administrator. After serving in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, he led two expeditions into the Canadian Arctic and through the islands of the Arctic Archipelago, during the Coppermine expedition of 1819 and the Mackenzie River expedition of 1825, and served as Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land from 1837 to 1843. During his third and final expedition, an attempt to traverse the Northwest Passage in 1845, Franklin's ships became icebound off King William Island in what is now Nunavut, where he died in June 1847. The icebound ships were abandoned ten months later, and the entire crew died from causes such as starvation, hypothermia, and scurvy.
None Shall Escape
None Shall Escape is a 1944 war film. Even though the film was made during World War II, the setting is a post-war Nuremberg-style war crimes trial. Alexander Knox plays Wilhelm Grimm, a Nazi officer who is on trial, and the story unfolds through the eyes of several witnesses, including a Catholic priest, Father Warecki (Henry Travers), Grimm's brother Karl (Erik Rolf) and Marja Pacierkowski (Marsha Hunt), a woman to whom he was once engaged.

Alfred Neumann and Joseph Than were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Story.

Henry Travers
Travers John Heagerty (5 March 1874 – 18 October 1965), known professionally as Henry Travers, was an English film and stage character actor who specialised in portraying slightly bumbling but amiable and likeable older men.  His best known role to today's audiences was the guardian angel Clarence Odbody in the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life. He also received an Academy Award nomination for his supporting role in Mrs. Miniver (1942). Other notable films include The Invisible Man (1933), Dark Victory (1939), and High Sierra (1941).
Jiandi Dao
Jiandi Dao (湔氐道) was a prefecture of ancient China located around today's Songpan region, in the east of Qingzang Plateau and northwest part of Sichuan province.

Jiandi Dao was founded by Qin (秦) after it conquered Shu (蜀) in 316 BC. The Han dynasty reestablished Jiandi Dao in the sixth year of Yuanding (元鼎六年, AD 111). Jiandi Dao was changed to Jiandi County and became a constitute part of Wenshan Jun (汶山郡) in the Jin dynasty.

Di (氐) is an ancient large ethnic group lived in west China which is sometimes considered to be part of Qiang, called Diqiang. Dao (道) in the Qin and Han dynasties is a kind of administrative unit which were mainly settled by primitive tribes.

Di (Five Barbarians)
The Di (Chinese: 氐; pinyin: Dī; Wade–Giles: Ti1; < Eastern Han Chinese *tei < Old Chinese (B-S): *tˤij) were an ancient ethnic group that lived in western China, and are best known as one of the non-Han Chinese peoples known as Five Barbarians that seized power in northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. This ethnic group should not be confused with the earlier Dí (狄), which refers to unrelated nomadic peoples in northern China during the earlier Zhou dynasty. The Ba-Di (巴氐) were a branch of the Di that intermixed with another ethnic group known as the Cong people (賨).
Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
The Comics Interpreter
The Comics Interpreter (TCI) was a zine of comics criticism, published and edited by Robert Young. Published from 1999 to 2004, it focused on alternative comics, and was characterized by interviews and reviews of greater length and detail than most comics-oriented publications (resembling the long-running The Comics Journal in that regard). Although The Comics Interpreter generally had low production values, well-known artists contributed cover art.

In addition to editor Young, notable prose contributors to TCI included former Comics Journal stalwart Gene Phillips, Chad Parenteau, David Choe, Nick Abadzis, and Mark Staff Brandl (who wrote a "theoretical article").

Tak Toyoshima
Tak Toyoshima (born April 11, 1971, in New York, New York) is an American art director with the Weekly Dig and the author of the comic strip Secret Asian Man.

According to an interview with AArisings, Toyoshima is a second-generation Japanese American born in New York City. He received a degree in advertising from Boston University, and currently resides in Boston.
Lee Naylor (sprinter)
Lee Michelle Naylor OAM (born 26 January 1971 in Shepparton, Victoria) is a retired sprinter from Australia. She qualified to the quarter-finals in the 400 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics before finishing 8th and ran on her national 4 × 400 metres relay team that finished sixth in the qualifying round.  At the 2000 Summer Olympics she repeated qualifying to the quarter-finals then finishing 8th in the quarterfinals.

At the 1995 World Championships in Athletics her relay team captured the bronze medal.  She ran the third leg on her relay team at the 1998 Commonwealth Games that won gold.  She also set her personal record at 51.35 that year.  At the 1999 World Championships in Athletics she was disqualified for a lane violation.

Naylor received a doctorate in neurochemistry from the University of Melbourne.

She was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the 2022 Queen's Birthday Honours.

She is the mother of Australian rules football player Max Holmes.

1998 Commonwealth Games
The 1998 Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel 1998), officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel ke-16), were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 1998 Games were the first to be held in Asia, and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. For the first time ever, the Games included team sports. Around 3,638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the Games, which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.
1985 Bolivarian Games
The X Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos) were a multi-sport event held between November 9–18, 1985, in Cuenca, Ambato,  and Portoviejo, Ecuador. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO).

The opening ceremony took place on November 9, 1985, at the Estadio Alejandro Serrano Aguilar in Cuenca.  The Games were officially opened by Ecuadorean president León Febres Cordero.  Torch lighter were cyclist Jhon Jarrín and football player Arturo Cárdenas, gold medalist at the 1965 Bolivarian Games.

A detailed history of the early editions of the Bolivarian Games between 1938 and 1989 was published in a book written (in Spanish) by José Gamarra Zorrilla, former president of the Bolivian Olympic Committee, and first president (1976-1982) of ODESUR.  Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Lysle K. Butler
Lysle K. Butler (1903 – July 6, 1973) was an American football, basketball, and tennis coach and college athletics administrator. Butler served as the head football coach at Franklin College in Franklin, Indiana from 1928 to 1929. He spent the next 28 seasons coach at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio, where he also served as the head basketball coach in four separate stints.

Butler died on July 6, 1973.

Franklin College (Indiana)
Franklin College is a private liberal arts college in Franklin, Indiana. It was founded in 1834 and has a wooded campus spanning 207 acres (84 ha) including athletic fields and a 31-acre (13 ha) biology woodland. The college offers its approximately 1,000 students Bachelor of Arts degrees in 49 majors from 25 academic disciplines, 43 minors, 11 pre-professional programs, and 5 cooperative programs. The college also offers a Master of Science in Athletic Training and a Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies.  In 1842, the college began admitting women, becoming the first coeducational institution in Indiana and the seventh in the nation. Franklin College has historically maintained an affiliation with the American Baptist Churches USA.
Taxis of Hong Kong
The vast majority of taxis in Hong Kong are owned by 17 independent taxi companies, although a few taxis are independently owned and operated. As of 2024, there are 18,163 taxis in Hong Kong, of which 15,250 were urban taxis, 2,838 were New Territories taxis, and 75 were Lantau taxis. Every day they serve about 1.1 million, 207,900 and 1,400 people respectively.

Discovery Bay
Discovery Bay is a residential community located on Lantau Island in Hong Kong.

The 2021 census recorded a population of 19,336 residents in DB, with 55% of them being non-Chinese. DB is home to a significant community composed of expatriates from over fifty countries. It is one of the most ethnically diverse places in Hong Kong. With only 45% of the population being Chinese, the largest ethnic minority groups in the community is white (25%) and Filipinos (11.2%). DB is located 2 km west of Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and approximately 12 km west from the nearest point on Hong Kong Island.

Discovery Bay is a key community in Lantau Island (after Tung Chung) and enjoys a very low plot ratio of 0.15.
Lake Evesham
Lake Evesham is a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, comprising about 250 households. Many of its residents commute directly into Baltimore for work while others commute locally to Towson.

The neighborhood rests between Northern Parkway and York Road, thus making it close in proximity to Loyola University and Towson University. The neighborhood boasts an eclectic residential community of all ages and demographics. The Lake Evesham community is near Belvedere market as well the Senator Theatre.

Founded in the 1890s, Lake Evesham originally was joined with the community of Midwood in the 1870s. The property was split up and Lake Evesham was formed. The historic area developed from 1870-1940 and the architectural styles are evident of this. Various styles of the post-war era include bungalows, Victorian style facades and classic houses from the early 1900s.

Senator Theatre
The Senator Theatre is a historic Art Deco movie theater on York Road in the Govans section of Baltimore, Maryland. It is the oldest operating movie theater in central Maryland and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated Baltimore City Landmark.

Managers Buzz and Kathleen Cusack renovated the theater and reopened it on October 15, 2010. The theater closed again for more renovations on April 26, 2012. It has since reopened, with three smaller theaters adjacent to the main one. It shows first run movies as well as classics.
Giuseppe Forni
Giuseppe Forni is a paralympic athlete from Switzerland competing mainly in category T51 racing events.

Giuseepe was a fixture at four Paralympics, competing in multiple events in each games and winning medals at all four of the games however he never won a gold medal.  His first games were in 1988 Summer Paralympics where he competed in every individual track event from 100m to 1500m and the 4 × 100 m winning a bronze medal in the 200m.  In 1992 he extended his range from 100m to marathon and the relay but did not compete in the 200m here he gained bronze medals in the relay, 100m, 1500m and Marathon and a silver in the 200m.  At his third games he competed in the Marathon, 1500m, 800m and 400m winning a bronze medal in the 400m, while at his last games in 2000 he competed in four events between 200m and 1500m winning a bronze medal in the 1500m.

1988 Summer Paralympics
The 1988 Summer Paralympics (Korean: 1988년 하계 패럴림픽; RR: Cheon gubaek palsip-pal nyeon hagye paereollimpik) were the first Paralympics in 24 years to take place in the same city as the Olympic Games. They took place in Seoul, South Korea. This was the first time the term "Paralympic" was used officially.
Vikas Mishra
Vikas Mishra (born 27 December 1992) is an Indian first-class cricketer. He was also a member of Indian Premier League team Delhi Daredevils. Vikas was also a part of 15 member Indian squad to 2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

In July 2018, he was named in the squad for India Green for the 2018–19 Duleep Trophy. He was the leading wicket-taker for Delhi in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, with 33 dismissals in seven matches.

2018–19 Ranji Trophy
The 2018–19 Ranji Trophy was the 85th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament that took place in India between November 2018 and February 2019. Vidarbha were the defending champions. The final took place between Vidarbha and Saurashtra, starting on 3 February 2019. Vidarbha defeated Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final, to become the sixth team in the tournament's history to retain their title.