hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nelson–Blenheim notional railway
The Nelson–Blenheim notional railway (1957–1979) was part of the political management of the backlash from the New Zealand Railways Department's closure of the isolated Nelson Section, which ended hopes for a southern connection of Nelson to the rest of the South Island railway network.

New Zealand Railways Department
The New Zealand Railways Department, NZR or NZGR (New Zealand Government Railways) and often known as the "Railways", was a government department charged with owning and maintaining New Zealand's railway infrastructure and operating the railway system. The department was created in 1880 and was corporatised on 1 April 1982 into the New Zealand Railways Corporation. Originally, railway construction and operation took place under the auspices of the former provincial governments and some private railways, before all of the provincial operations came under the central Public Works Department. The role of operating the rail network was subsequently separated from that of the network's construction. From 1895 to 1993 there was a responsible Minister, the Minister of Railways. He was often also the Minister of Public Works.

Apart from four brief experiments with independent boards, NZR remained under direct ministerial control for most of its history.
He Changling
He Changling (simplified Chinese: 贺长龄; traditional Chinese: 賀長齡; pinyin: Hè Chánglíng; Wade–Giles: He Ch'angling) (March 18, 1785—July 6, 1848), courtesy name Ougen (耦耕), was a Chinese scholar and official of the Qing dynasty from Changsha, Hunan. In 1808, he obtained the highest degree in the imperial examination and the following year he entered the prestigious Hanlin Academy in Beijing.

Drawing on his extensive experience in the Qing government, he became a prominent spokesman of the statecraft school, which was concerned with the practical application of Confucian scholarship. One of He Changling's students was Zuo Zongtang.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Selex ES Falco
The Falco (English: hawk) is a family of  tactical unmanned aerial vehicles designed and produced by Selex ES (now Leonardo formerly Leonardo-Finmeccanica and Finmeccanica, originally by Galileo Avionica of Italy). The Falco family UAVs are designed to be a medium-altitude, medium-endurance intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR) capable platform equipped with range of payloads, including several types of high-resolution sensors. A larger variant, the Falco EVO, is capable of carrying larger payloads is also available. Neither system is designed to carry weapons, The launch customer, Pakistan, reportedly wanted the Falco armed, a request that Italy rejected. Astore is a armed version developed from the Falco EVO equipped with two Turkish made Roketsan Cirit 70 mm laser-guided missiles along with the ISTAR capability. As of 2026, the Bangladesh Air Force is the only confirmed user of the armed Falco family UAVs.

Flare (countermeasure)
A flare or decoy flare is an aerial infrared countermeasure used by an aircraft to counter an infrared homing ("heat-seeking") surface-to-air missile or air-to-air missile. Flares are commonly composed of a pyrotechnic composition based on magnesium or another hot-burning metal, with burning temperature equal to or hotter than engine exhaust. The aim is to make the infrared-guided missile seek out the heat signature from the flare rather than the aircraft's engines.
Congregational Library & Archives
The Congregational Library & Archives is an independent special collections library and archives. It is located on the second floor of the Congregational House at 14 Beacon Street in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The Library was founded in 1853 by a gathering of Congregational ministers and has since evolved into a professional library and archives that holds more than 250,000 items, predominantly focused on 18th to 21st century American Congregational history. The Library's reading room is free and open to the public for research but the Library's stacks are closed and book borrowing privileges are extended exclusively to members.

Library stack
In library science and architecture, a stack or bookstack (often referred to as a library building's stacks) is a book storage area, as opposed to a reading area.  More specifically, this term refers to a narrow-aisled, multilevel system of iron or steel shelving that evolved in the 19th century to meet increasing demands for storage space.  An "open-stack" library allows its patrons to enter the stacks to browse for themselves; "closed stacks" means library staff retrieve books for patrons on request.

Stacks may also use a mobile shelving system.
Gelperin
Gelperin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Gelperin, the scientist and biologist currently at Princeton University.

Dave Gelperin  chaired the working groups developing the IEEE 829-1989 software testing documentation standard.

Nison Gelperin (1903–1989), the Soviet chemical engineer who  designed the FAB-5000 bomb.

Alan Gelperin
Dr. Alan Gelperin is a scientist and biologist currently at Princeton University. He is an emeritus faculty member at Monell Chemical Senses Center. He specializes in electronic olfaction and computational neuroscience. He received his bachelor's degree in biology from Carleton College in 1962 and went on to get a Ph.D. from University of Pennsylvania.

He is most notable for his efforts in creating robots with electronic noses which can localize odors, and for the invention of a supermarket fruit and vegetable scanner that does not use barcodes but instead scans by scent.
Palong (state constituency)
Palong is a state constituency in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1986 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
The Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Sembilan) is the state legislature of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan. It consists of 36 members who represent single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are usually conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sarawak). It is unicameral.

The Assembly convenes at the Wisma Negeri in the state capital, Seremban.
Helmut Ritsch
Helmut Ritsch (German: [ˈHɛlmuːt ʀɪtʃ]; born 12 March 1962 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian quantum physicist and a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Innsbruck.

Helmut Ritsch's research concerns the fundamental aspects and applications of quantum optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Together with his theory group, he focuses on cavity cooling, self-organization, quantum thermodynamics, light forces, superradiant lasing and quantum metrology. His significant contributions in those fields have been honoured with prestigious awards and prizes, as the Ludwig Boltzmann Prize (1993) of the Austrian Physical Society
and the Erwin Schrödinger Prize (2019) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Quantum metrology
Quantum metrology is the study of making high-resolution and highly sensitive measurements of physical parameters using quantum theory to describe the physical systems, particularly exploiting quantum entanglement and quantum squeezing. This field promises to develop measurement techniques that give better precision than the same measurement performed in a classical framework. Together with quantum hypothesis testing, it represents an important theoretical model at the basis of quantum sensing.
Saül (opera)
Saül is a French-language opera by Italian composer Flavio Testi based on the play by the same name by André Gide (Saül, 1903). The opera was premiered, and recorded, by Radio France in concert performance in 2003. It was first staged in Macerata, at the Teatro Lauro Rossi, in 2007.

Teatro Lauro Rossi
Teatro Lauro Rossi is a theatre and opera house in Macerata, Italy, inaugurated in 1774 with Pasquale Anfossi's setting of Metastasio's libretto L'Olimpiade. It was renamed in honour of local composer Lauro Rossi in 1884, the year before the composer's death. The Teatro Lauro Rossi is now one of the venues employed by Sferisterio – Macerata Opera Festival.
Box for Buddy, Box for Star
Box for Buddy, Box for Star is a 2024 studio album by indie rock artist Nate Amos, of the band Water from Your Eyes, recording as This Is Lorelei. The album has received positive reviews from critics. It is the first release under this moniker that Amos has prepared as a traditional album release, including distribution by Double Double Whammy and a renewed focus on music-making after getting sober.

Water from Your Eyes
Water from Your Eyes are an American indie pop band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 2016. Later relocating to Brooklyn, New York. Their music has been variously described as electro pop, alternative pop, art rock, and indie pop. The group was formed by and consisted of vocalist Rachel Brown and multi-instrumentalist Nate Amos, who together have recorded all of the band's albums. Throughout 2022 and 2023, two additional members would join the band, guitarist Al Nardo and drummist Bailey Wollowitz.

Water from Your Eyes debuted with their eponymous studio album, released in 2016. They would rise to prominence following the release of their album Structure (2021), with a surge in recognition following their signing to Matador Records, which released their albums Everyone's Crushed (2023) and It's a Beautiful Place (2025). In support of the latter album, the band embarked on their first headlining tour in late 2025.
Hatikot
Hatikot is a village in Achham District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, the village had a population of 1398 living in 274 houses. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census, the population was 1784, of which 33% was literate.

2001 Nepal census
The 2001 Nepal census (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८) was conducted by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. According to the census, the population of Nepal in 2001 was 23,151,423.

Working with Nepal's Village Development Committees at a district level, data was  recorded from all the main towns and villages of each district of Nepal. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
1961 Bolivarian Games
The IV Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos) were a multi-sport event held between December 3–16, 1961, at the Estadio Municipal in Barranquilla, Colombia. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO). Bolivia was the only eligible country not to send a delegation.

The Games were officially opened by Colombian president Alberto Lleras Camargo. Torch lighter was hurdler Jaime Aparicio.  The athlete's oath was sworn by local athlete Rafael Cotes.

A detailed history of the early editions of the Bolivarian Games between 1938 and 1989 was published in a book written (in Spanish) by José Gamarra Zorrilla, former president of the Bolivian Olympic Committee, and first president (1976-1982) of ODESUR.  Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano.

Alberto Lleras Camargo
Alberto Lleras Camargo (3 July 1906 – 4 January 1990) was President of Colombia twice (1945–1946, 1958–1962), and the 1st Secretary General of the Organization of American States (1948–1954). A journalist and liberal party politician, he also served as Minister of Government, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and as Minister of National Education in the administrations of President Alfonso López Pumarejo. He briefly attended the National University of Colombia in Bogotá to study politics, but dropped out later to pursue journalism.

Lleras Camargo served as congressman of Colombia. He was also a cousin of later president Carlos Lleras Restrepo. He died in 1990 after suffering a long illness.
Law and Literature (journal)
Law and Literature, formerly Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature, is a law journal of the Cardozo Law School founded in 1988. The managing editor is Professor Peter Goodrich. First published in 1989 as a biannual titled Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature, with its first issue devoted to Herman Melville's Billy Budd, Sailor, this journal shifted to a triannual format in 2002. First published by the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law and then by Taylor & Francis, it is one of the few journals in the country entirely focused on the interdisciplinary movement known as law and literature. Issues in private law and public law, restrictions on creative expression, gender and racial bias, hermeneutics (interpretive methodologies), and legal themes in works of literature are among the journal's regular topics.

Law and literature
The law and literature movement focuses on connections between law and literature. This field has roots in two developments in the intellectual history of law—first, the growing doubt about whether law in isolation is a source of value and meaning, or whether it must be plugged into a large cultural or philosophical or social-science context to give it value and meaning; and, second, the growing focus on the mutability of meaning in all texts, whether literary or legal.  Work in the field comprises two complementary perspectives: Law in literature (understanding issues as they are explored in literary texts, thus studying law portrayed in literature) and law as literature (understanding legal texts with literary interpretation, analysis, and critique, ergo, examining law as literature to be understood).
Christian Wilhelm Alheit
Christian Wilhelm Alheit, also known as Christoph Wilhelm Alheit (13 November 1817 in Mühlhausen, Thüringen – 21 March 1882 in Steinthal, Tulbagh district), was a Rhenish missionary.

Alheit arrived in South Africa in 1842 and worked at mission stations in Tulbagh (1842–1847), Schietfontein (1847–1864), Stellenbosch (1864–1873) and Saron (1873–1882).

Between 1864 and 1873 he was head of a boys' hostel in Stellenbosch, where a third of the boys were the sons of Rhenish missionaries. Here Alheit showed great aptitude in the teaching of mathematics. Another hostel opened in 1860 and was called the Rhenish Institute for the daughters of Rhenish missionaries. From these schools a Gymnasium developed, which later turned into Victoria College and finally into Stellenbosch University.

The hamlet of Alheit 28°45′00″S 20°33′00″E﻿ / ﻿28.75000°S 20.55000°E﻿ / -28.75000; 20.55000, on the Orange River between Kakamas and the Augrabies Falls, is named after him.

Augrabies Falls
The Augrabies Falls /ɔːˈxrɑːbiːz/ is a waterfall on the Orange River, the largest river in South Africa. Since 1966 the waterfall, set in a desolate and rugged milieu, is enclosed by the Augrabies Falls National Park. The falls are around 56 metres (184 ft) in height. Some sources cite an approximate height of 146 metres (479 ft); this is actually the height from the base of the canyon to the top of the walls, not that of the falls themselves.
Masato Yamazaki (footballer, born 1981)
Masato Yamazaki (山﨑 雅人, Yamazaki Masato; born December 4, 1981) is a Japanese former football player.

Yamazaki played in over 500 league games, playing mainly in the J1 League. In 2014, he scored the winning goal in the promotion playoffs to take Montedio Yamagata to the J1 League.

J1 League
The J1 League (Japanese: J1リーグ, Hepburn: Jē-wan Rīgu), a.k.a. the J.League or the Meiji Yasuda J1 League (Japanese: 明治安田J1リーグ, Hepburn: Meiji Yasuda Jē-wan Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Japan and the highest level of the Japanese football league system.

Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the J2 League. Both the J1 and J2 leagues are operated by the Japan Professional Football League (日本プロサッカーリーグ, Nihon Puro Sakkā Rīgu).

Founded in 1992, it is one of the most successful leagues in Asian professional club football history. It was known as the J.League from 1993 to 1998 before becoming a two-division league, and as J.League Division 1 from 1999 to 2014. The current champions are Kashima Antlers, who won a record-extending ninth J.League title and a record-breaking ninth top flight title in the 2025 season.
Ishaq Bux
Ishaq Bux (15 June 1917 – 2 September 2000) was an Indian actor.

His first screen appearance was in BBC TV's The English Family Robinson, in 1957.

On stage, he appeared with the National Theatre Company at the Old Vic in Tony Harrison's Phaedra Britannica in 1975.

He is best remembered by his roles of Omar in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and the fakir in Octopussy (1983).

Bux was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer in July 2000 and died in a London hospice on 2 September 2000, aged 83.

Tony Harrison
Tony William Harrison (30 April 1937 – 26 September 2025) was an English poet, translator and playwright. He was one of Britain's foremost verse writers and many of his works have been performed at the Royal National Theatre. He is noted for controversial works such as the poem "V", as well as his versions of dramatic works such as the tragedies Oresteia and Lysistrata from ancient Greek, Molière's The Misanthrope from French, and The Mysteries from Middle English.

Harrison was also noted for his outspoken views, particularly those on the Iraq War. In 2015, he was honoured with the David Cohen Prize in recognition of his body of work and in 2016, he was awarded the Premio Feronia in Rome.
Ian Carroll (Australian TV executive)
Ian Robert Carroll (17 November 1946 – 19 August 2011) was an Australian television executive, primarily at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). At the ABC, Carroll established many news and current affairs programs including Lateline and the 7.30 Report, and developed many others. He was chief executive of ABC International's Australia Network, director of innovation from the time the division was set up in 2007, and established two channels for ABC Digital Television. He developed iView and apps for mobile devices, as well as overhauling the ABC's websites.

He also worked at The Age and the Nine Network.

ABC iview
ABC iview is a video on demand and catch-up TV service run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Currently iview video content can only be viewed by users in Australia. As of 2016, ABC iview attracts around 50 million plays monthly and accounts for around half of the total time streamed by Australian TV video services. The service was commissioned by Head of Multiplatform, Dan Fill working for the Director of Television Kim Dalton and in collaboration with Director of Innovation Ian Carroll.  ABC iview's incredible success has grown over the years. In 2025 it was the number 1 broadcast video on demand services in Australia with 4.8 billion minutes watched of the tv series Bluey alone in ABC iview
Göçeri, Kütahya
Göçeri is a village in Kütahya District of Kütahya Province, Turkey. As of 2022, its population is 105.

About 200 m northwest of the village is an isolated rocky outcrop known as Göçeri Kale. It seems to have been inhabited as early as the Phrygian period. There are remains of a rectangular cistern on the edge of the rocky plateau on top of the outcrop, and there are also several old cave dwellings on the outcrop's side. The biggest of these was decorated with geometric and plant reliefs and was connected to the plateau area by a staircase.: 198–9

Kütahya Province
Kütahya Province (Turkish: Kütahya ili) is a province in the Aegean region of Turkey. Its area is 11,634 km2, and its population is 580,701 (2022). In 1990, Kütahya had a population of 578,000.

The neighboring provinces are Bursa to the northwest, Bilecik to the northeast, Eskişehir to the east, Afyon to the southeast, Usak to the south, Manisa to the southwest and Balıkesir to the west.

The capital city of the province is Kütahya.
Warren Mosler
Warren Mosler (born September 18, 1949) is an American hedge fund executive and entrepreneur. He is a co-founder of the Center for Full Employment And Price Stability at University of Missouri-Kansas City and the founder of Mosler Automotive.

Mosler is a proponent and research financier of Modern Monetary Theory. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Franklin University Switzerland, and in 2014 was appointed visiting professor at the University of Bergamo, Italy.

Mosler has run as an independent for multiple offices including: United States president, a delegate to Congress three times, and lieutenant governor. In 2018, he ran unsuccessfully for governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands as an independent.

University of Missouri–Kansas City
The University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC or Kansas City) is a public research university in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. UMKC is part of the University of Missouri System and includes a medical school and a law school. For the 2023-2024 academic year, the university's enrollment was over 15,300 students. It is the largest university in the Kansas City metropolitan area and ranks among the top three by enrollment among all postsecondary institutions in the metro, including community colleges. It offers more than 125 degree programs over 12 academic units. UMKC now holds a Carnegie “R1: Very High Research Activity” designation, making it the only R1 university in Kansas City. UMKC is also home to the School of Dentistry, Missouri’s only public dental school.
Brazil women's national under-19 basketball team
The Brazil women's national under-17, under-18 and under-19 basketball team is a national basketball team of Brazil, administered by the Brazilian Basketball Confederation (Portuguese: Confederação Brasileira de Basketball), abbreviated as CBB. It represents the country in international under-17, under-18 and under-19 women's basketball competitions.

Women's basketball
Women's basketball is the team sport of basketball played by women. It was first played in 1892, one year after men's basketball, at Smith College in Massachusetts. It spread across the United States, in large parts via women's college competitions, and has since spread globally. As of 2020, basketball is one of the most popular and fastest growing sports in the world.

There are multiple professional leagues and tournaments for professional women basketball players. The main North American league is the WNBA. The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships. In the US, the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular. The strongest European women's basketball clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women.