hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buffalo Pass (South Africa)
Buffalo Pass is a mountain pass situated in the Eastern Cape, on the M5, near East London, South Africa. It traverses the entirety of the Umtiza Nature Reserve and the surrounding Controlled Forest Area.

The unique valley of Buffalo Pass is severely environmentally challenged, and a Friends of Buffalo Pass group has been formed to attempt to help protect it.

Metropolitan routes in East London
Buffalo City (East London metropolitan area), like most South African cities, uses metropolitan or "M" routes for important intra-city routes, a layer below national (N) roads and regional (R) roads. Each city's M roads are independently numbered.
Allers (surname)
Allers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Allers (1875–1961), Norwegian sailor

Christian Wilhelm Allers (1857–1915), German painter and artist

Frank Allers, Canadian road racer

Franz Allers (1905–1995), European-American conductor

Kimberly Seals Allers, American journalist and author

LaVerne Allers (born c. 1945), American football player

Roger Allers (1949–2026), American animation director, screenwriter, playwright, animator and storyboard artist

Rudolf Allers (1883–1963), Austrian-American psychiatrist and academic

Frank Allers
Frank Allers is a Canadian road racer who was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 2002. Currently Frank owns and operates 'Frank Allers Autosport' in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, where he has established a reputation as an excellent mechanic specializing in high-end, high-performance vehicles.
Rind Jada
Rind Jada (Urdu: رند جادہ) is a village of Tehsil Kahror Pacca in Lodhran District of Punjab, Pakistan.The name Rind (Urdu: رند ) is derived from the Rind, a Baloch tribe, that constitutes the major population of Rind Jada.

Lodhran District
Lodhran District (Saraiki: ضِلع لودهراں), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, with the city of Lodhran as its capital. Located on the northern side of the River Sutlej, it is bounded to the north by the districts of Multan, Khanewal and Vehari, to the south by Bahawalpur, to the east lie the districts of Vehari and Bahawalpur; while district Multan lies on the western side.

Lodhran was split off as a separate district from Multan in 1991. It has the lowest Human Development Index of all districts in Punjab, and is among the thirty poorest districts in Pakistan.: 85  It is a well-known cotton-growing area.
Monte San Giovanni Campano
Monte San Giovanni Campano is a comune (municipality) of about 12,800 inhabitants in the province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Rome and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Frosinone. Monte San Giovanni Campano is in the Latin Valley

It is best known as the place where Thomas Aquinas was imprisoned by his family for two years. St. Thomas' cell now houses a 16th-century triptych of the Neapolitan School.

Monte San Giovanni is home to an 11th-century fortress, the Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano.  It was the first western fortification ever to be breached and captured using a bombardment from portable field artillery, when its castle was stormed by the troops of Charles VIII of France in a mere eight hours in 1495.

Monte San Giovanni was also a summer residence of Pope Adrian IV starting in 1155, and where sojourned the poet Vittoria Colonna.

Province of Frosinone
The province of Frosinone (Italian: provincia di Frosinone) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Frosinone. It has an area of 3,247 square kilometres (1,254 sq mi) and a total population of 493,605 (2016). The province contains 91 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the comuni of the province of Frosinone.

The province was established by royal decree on 6 December 1926 with territories belonging to the then provinces of Rome and Caserta. The areas of the then province of Caserta were the left valley of the Liri-Garigliano river, the district of Sora, the Valle di Comino, the district of Cassino, the Gulf of Formia and Gaeta, the Pontine Islands, which until then had been for centuries included in the Province called Terra di Lavoro, of the Kingdom of Naples (or of the Two Sicilies). Most of these territories were part of the ancient Latium adiectum.
Home Counties cricket team
A Home Counties cricket team was a cricket team formed of players who represented counties which were considered a part of England's home counties. The team first appeared in 1862 in a minor match against Southgate Cricket Club. The team later appeared once in first-class cricket in 1899 against The Rest at the Central Recreation Ground, Hastings. The team for their only first-class match consisted of Arthur Turner and Sailor Young of Essex; Alec Hearne and Bill Bradley of Kent; Francis Ford and Andrew Stoddart of Middlesex; Bobby Abel, Tom Hayward and Digby Jephson of Surrey and; Harry Butt and K. S. Ranjitsinhji of Sussex. With the exception of Jephson and Turner, all had played Test cricket for England. Their only appearance in first-class cricket ended as a draw. The team reappeared in the 1940s, playing two minor matches against Lancashire in 1946 and 1948.

Harry Butt
Harry Rigden Butt (27 December 1865 – 21 December 1928) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Sussex County Cricket Club and the Marylebone Cricket Club between 1890 and 1912. Butt also played three Test matches for England on their tour to South Africa in 1895–96. He later went on to become an umpire, and stood in that role in six Tests. His popularity was such that when he retired as an umpire due to ill-health, the County captains wrote to the Secretary of the Marylebone Cricket Club asking him to write to Butt to express their regret at the cause.

Butt, a short man, was Sussex's wicket-keeper for twenty years. He was awarded two benefits: the matches between Sussex and Yorkshire at Hove in 1900, and between Sussex and Middlesex at Lord's in 1928.
On and On (VIXX song)
"On and On" (Korean: 다칠 준비가 돼 있어; RR: Dachil Junbiga Dwae Isseo; lit. "I'm Ready to Get Hurt") is a song recorded by South Korean idol group VIXX. It was released physically and as a digital single on January 17, 2013 through Jellyfish Entertainment. The song served as VIXX's third single. "On and On" was composed by Jellyfish Entertainment CEO Hwang Se-jun, Albi Albertsson, Ricky Hanley and Kirstine Lind. It was written by lyricist Kim Eana, with the rap being written by Ravi.

The song's music video was directed by Song Won Young.

Kim Eana
Kim Eana (Korean: 김이나; born April 27, 1979) is a South Korean lyricist. She is best known for writing the lyrics to hit K-pop songs, including "Abracadabra" performed by Brown Eyed Girls, and "Good Day" performed by IU. She has been active since 2003.
International School of Tianjin
The International School of Tianjin (IST, Chinese: 天津经济技术开发区国际学校天津分校) is an international school in Jinnan District, Tianjin.

The school was founded in 1994. IST uses the IB PYP (IB Primary Years Programme) until grade 5, IB MYP (IB Middle Years Programme) until grade 10 and the IB DP (IB Diploma Programme) from grades 11 to 12. The school provides education from Nursery to grade 12.

IB Middle Years Programme
The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (MYP) is an educational programme for students between the ages of 11 and 16 around the world as part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) continuum. The Middle Years Programme is intended to prepare students for the three-year IB Diploma Programme and IB Career-related Programmes.

It is used by many schools internationally, and has been available since 1994. It was updated in 2014 and called MYP: New Chapter.

In the Middle Years Programme students are required to receive instruction in all eight subject groups: Language Acquisition, Language and Literature, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, Physical and Health Education, and Design.
Renfrow (surname)
Renfrow is a surname of Scottish origin, and a variant of Renfrew. Notable people with the surname include:

Hunter Renfrow (born 1995), American football player

Justin Renfrow (born 1989), American football player

MaeMae Renfrow (born 1997), American actress and model

Randy Renfrow (born 1958), American racecar driver

William Cary Renfrow (1845–1922), American soldier

Hunter Renfrow
James Hunter Renfrow (born December 21, 1995) is an American professional football wide receiver. He played college football for the Clemson Tigers, winning two national championships before being selected by the Las Vegas Raiders in the fifth round of the 2019 NFL draft.
Tina Wildberger
Tina Wildberger is an American politician who is currently the Hawaii state representative in Hawaii's 11th district. She won the seat after incumbent Democrat Kaniela Ing decided to run for Hawaii's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. She won re-election in 2020 against Aloha ʻĀina Party candidate Howard Greenburg, 74.2% to 25.8%.

Wildberger had announced in April 2022 that she would not run for re-election in the 2022 Hawaii House of Representatives election, leaving office at the end of that term.

Aloha ʻĀina Party
The Aloha ʻĀina Party (Hawaiian for "love of the land") is a political party in the US state of Hawaiʻi that advocates for the Hawaiian sovereignty movement and the promotion of Native Hawaiian culture.
Apnea
Apnea (also spelled apnoea in  British English) is the temporary cessation of breathing, which may be voluntary or involuntary. During apnea, there is no movement of the muscles of inhalation, and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged. Depending on how blocked the airways are (patency), there may or may not be a flow of gas between the lungs and the environment. If there is sufficient flow, gas exchange within the lungs and cellular respiration would not be severely affected. Voluntarily doing this is called "holding one's breath".
Apnea may first be diagnosed in childhood, and it is recommended to consult an ear-nose-throat specialist, allergist or sleep physician to discuss symptoms when noticed; malformation and/or malfunctioning of the upper airways may be observed by an orthodontist.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Kiran Nagarkar
Kiran Nagarkar (2 April 1942 – 5 September 2019) was an Indian novelist, playwright and screenwriter. A noted drama and film critic, he was one of the most significant writers of post-colonial India.

Amongst his notable works are Saat Sakkam Trechalis (tr. Seven Sixes Are Forty Three) (1974), Ravan and Eddie (1994), and Cuckold (1997) for which he was awarded the 2001 Sahitya Akademi Award in English by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. His novels written in English have been translated into German. In 2012, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Sahitya Akademi
The Sahitya Akademi is an organisation recognised as India's "National Academy of Letters", dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India. Founded on 12 March 1954, it is supported by, though independent of, the Indian government. Its office is located in Rabindra Bhavan near Mandi House in Delhi.

The Sahitya Akademi organises national and regional workshops and seminars; provides research and travel grants to authors; publishes books and journals, including the Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature; and presents the annual Sahitya Akademi Award of INR. 100,000 in each of the 24 languages it supports, as well as the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement.

The Sahitya Akademi Library is one of the largest multi-lingual libraries in India, with a rich collection of books on literature and allied subjects.

It publishes two bimonthly literary journals: Indian Literature in English and Samkaleen Bharatiya Sahitya in Hindi.
David Thorburn (scholar)
David Thorburn is an American professor of literature at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who is notable for media studies, literary criticism, and teaching. He has published poetry in Slate Magazine, Threepenny Review, and The Atlantic. He was one of the first academics to study the medium of television as an academic field of inquiry. He is the director of MIT's Communications Forum. He is regarded as an authority on modernist literature, and he was selected by the Teaching Company to teach a course on entitled Masterworks of Early 20th-Century Literature.

Teaching
Teaching is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student, or any other audience of an educational institution. Teaching is closely related to learning, the student's activity of appropriating this knowledge.

Teaching is part of the broader concept of education.
Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone bisoxalate
Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone bisoxalate is a chemical compound, an oxide of carbon with formula C10O10. Its molecule consists of a 1,4-benzoquinone core with the four hydrogen atoms replaced by two oxalate groups. It can be seen as a fourfold ester of tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and oxalic acid.

The compound was first described by H. S. Verter, H. Porter, and R. Dominic in 1968. It was obtained by reacting tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone with oxalyl chloride in  tetrahydrofuran. It is a yellow solid that can be crystallized as a tetrahydrofuran solvate, but could not be prepared in pure form.

Oxalate
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C2O2−4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH3)2C2O4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid. At neutral pH in aqueous solution, oxalic acid converts completely to oxalate.
The Band's Visit (musical)
The Band's Visit is a stage musical with music and lyrics by David Yazbek and a book by Itamar Moses, based on the 2007 Israeli film of the same name. The musical opened on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in November 2017, after its off-Broadway premiere at the Atlantic Theater Company in December 2016.

The Band's Visit has received critical acclaim. Its off-Broadway production won several major awards, including the 2017 Obie Award for Musical Theatre, as well the year's New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Musical. At the 72nd Tony Awards, it was nominated for 11 awards and won 10, including Best Musical. The Band's Visit is one of four musicals in Broadway history to win the unofficial "Big Six" Tony Awards, which include Best Musical, Best Book, Best Score, Best Actor in a Musical, Best Actress in a Musical, and Best Direction of a Musical. It won the 2019 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album.

The Band's Visit
The Band's Visit (Hebrew: ביקור התזמורת, romanized: Bikur Ha-Tizmoret) is a 2007 comedy-drama film written and directed by Eran Kolirin, and starring Saleh Bakri, Ronit Elkabetz, Sasson Gabai and Uri Gavriel. It is an international co-production between Israel, France and the United States.

The film received acclaim from critics and audiences. It won eight Ophir Prizes awarded by the Israeli Film Academy. It was Israel's original Foreign Language Film submission for the 80th Academy Awards, but was rejected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences because it contained over 50% English dialogue. Thus, Israel sent Beaufort instead, which was eventually included in the five final nominees.
Violet & Daisy
Violet & Daisy is a 2011 American crime comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by Geoffrey Fletcher in his directorial debut. The film stars Saoirse Ronan, Alexis Bledel, Danny Trejo, Marianne Jean-Baptiste, and James Gandolfini in one of his last acting roles before his death on June 19, 2013. Supporting roles are performed by John Ventimiglia, Danny Hoch, and Tatiana Maslany. Violet & Daisy follows two teenage assassins named Violet and Daisy who accept what they think will be a quick-and-easy job, until an unexpected target throws them off their plan.

Violet & Daisy was released on September 15, 2011, at the Toronto International Film Festival and was given a limited theatrical release on June 7, 2013. Geoffrey S. Fletcher credits Pulp Fiction, Superbad, and Thelma & Louise as inspiration for this film.

Violet & Daisy was also adapted for the stage and performed at The New School in 2019.

Marianne Jean-Baptiste
Marianne Raigipcien Jean-Baptiste (born 26 April 1967) is an English actress and director. She is known for her role in Mike Leigh's drama film Secrets & Lies (1996), for which she received acclaim and earned nominations for the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress.

Jean-Baptiste is also known for her role as Vivian Johnson on the television series Without a Trace (2002–2009) and has also starred in multiple television shows such as Blindspot (2015–2016) and Homecoming (2018). She gained renewed recognition for starring as a depressed woman in Leigh's drama film Hard Truths (2024), for which she received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.
Paumakua
Paumakua is a name of one ancient chief who lived in ancient Hawaii and was Alii nui of Maui. He is described in legends as a ruler of the island of Maui. His genealogy is given in ancient chant Kumulipo.

Because of his father, he is also known as Paumakua-a-Huanuiʻikalailai or also Paunuikuakaolokea as found in the Kumulipo.

He was an ancestor of many kings of Maui and is believed that he never had any control over any significant portion of Maui. He was a descendant of Hemā of the Ulu line.

It is mentioned by Abraham Fornander that Paumakua probably did not arrive on Maui earlier than the time of his father. He is also mentioned by physician Nathaniel B. Emerson.

Aliʻi
The aliʻi were the traditional nobility of the Hawaiian islands. They were part of a hereditary line of rulers, the noho aliʻi. There were many classes of aliʻi (or chief) and the position could be held by a man or a woman.

Cognates of the word aliʻi have a similar meaning in other Polynesian languages; in Māori it is ariki and in Tahitian ari'i.
Novocherkassk railway station
Novocherkassk railway station (Russian: станция Новочеркасск) is a railway station in Novocherkassk, Rostov oblast, Russia. It is a terminus for the Aksay — Shakhty railway and other lines  running from Central and South Russia and Eastern Ukraine.

Southern Russia
Southern Russia or the South of Russia (Russian: Юг России, IPA: [juk rɐˈsʲiɪ]) is a colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia. The term is generally used to refer to the region of Russia's Southern Federal District and North Caucasian Federal District.

The term is informal and does not conform to any official areas of the Russian Federation as designated by the Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO).
1999 NASCAR Goody's Dash Series
The 1999 NASCAR Goody's Dash Series was the 25th season of the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series. It began at Daytona International Speedway on February 12 and concluded at Langley Speedway on October 16. Robert Huffman, who entered the season as the defending Drivers' Champion, won his third championship, 299 points in front of Jake Hobgood.

Jake Hobgood
Jake Hobgood (born July 24, 1975) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who competed in the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series from 1995 to 2003, where he won the championship in 2002, and won nine races and twelve poles. He is the older brother of Justin Hobgood, who has also competed in the series as well as the NASCAR Nationwide Series and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, and the oldest son of Will Hobgood, who is a former champion of the Dash Series.

Hobgood has previously competed in the X-1R Pro Cup Series, as well as the later incarnations of the Dash Series, such as the IPOWER Dash Series and the ISCARS Dash Series.
Milton J. Rosenberg
Milton J. "Milt" Rosenberg (April 15, 1925 – January 9, 2018) was a prominent social psychologist who was professor of psychology at the University of Chicago and was the host of a long-running radio program in Chicago, Illinois.

Rosenberg was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2008 by President George W. Bush, "for bringing the world of ideas to millions of listeners."

In 1988 the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP) presented Rosenberg the Responsibility in Journalism Award.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Legislative districts of Marikina
The legislative districts of Marikina are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Marikina in the various national and local legislatures of the Philippines. At present, the province is represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines by its two congressional districts, with the districts' representatives being elected every three years. The congressional districts are coextensive with the city's councilor districts, which each elect eight members to the Marikina City Council, creating a total of sixteen elective seats in the legislature.

Interim Batasang Pambansa
The Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP; English: Interim National Assembly) was the legislature of the Republic of the Philippines from its inauguration on June 12, 1978, to June 5, 1984. It served as a transitional legislative body mandated by the 1973 Constitution as the Philippines shifted from a presidential to a semi-presidential form of government.

The IBP was preceded by the Interim National Assembly that briefly was the de jure body established in the original text of the 1973 Constitution, was never convened and effectively superseded by a series of nine constitutional amendments ratified through a referendum plebiscite held from October 16 to 17, 1976.