hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orphy Klempa
Orphy Klempa (October 9, 1951 – October 11, 2021) was an American politician who served in the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 3rd district from 2006 to 2010 and in the West Virginia Senate from the 1st district from 2010 to 2012.

He died of bladder cancer on October 9, 2021, in Wheeling, West Virginia at age 70.

West Virginia House of Delegates
The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature in West Virginia. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
2022 Kobe Challenger – Doubles
Purav Raja and Ramkumar Ramanathan were the defending champions but only Ramanathan chose to defend his title, partnering Arjun Kadhe. Ramanathan lost in the quarterfinals to Marc Polmans and Jason Taylor.

Shinji Hazawa and Yuta Shimizu won the title after defeating Andrew Harris and John-Patrick Smith 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Shinji Hazawa
Shinji Hazawa (羽澤 慎治, Hazawa Shinji; born 12 April 1999) is a Japanese tennis player.

Hazawa has a career high ATP singles ranking of 501 achieved on 27 February 2023. He also has a career high doubles ranking of 249 achieved on 17 April 2023.

Hazawa has won 1 ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2022 Kobe Challenger with Yuta Shimizu.
Photo Mechanic
Photo Mechanic is a front-end photo ingesting, tagging, and browsing tool by Portland, Oregon-based company Camera Bits.

Photo Mechanic supports the initial capture of photos from the camera, previewing and making selections, and tagging each photo with various types of IPTC metadata such as captions, keywords, and copyright notices.

While Photo Mechanic has basic support for simple image edits, such as crops, it is meant to be used in concert with a dedicated photo editing program, such as Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Photoshop Lightroom. In contrast to competing products such as iView Media Pro, Adobe Bridge, or Extensis Portfolio, Photo Mechanic does not include photo cataloging or asset management features.

Photo Mechanic uses the Metadata (IPTC) Template to label its photos.

Phase One Media Pro
Phase One Media Pro (formerly Microsoft Expression Media and iView Media Pro) was a commercial digital asset management cataloging program for Microsoft Windows and Apple OS X operating systems. It was the next version of iView MediaPro which Microsoft acquired in June 2006, and sold again in May 2010 to Phase One, which also makes the Capture One raw converter software. The software was aimed at professionals and photo enthusiasts who needed a photo manager which made it easier to manage photo and video assets, especially very large resolution image files and libraries with many items.
Casum sentit dominus
Casum sentit dominus or res perit domino is a Latin legal phrase that loosely translates to "accident is felt by the owner". It means that it is the owner who has to assume the risk of accidental harm to him or accidental loss to his property. Taken more generally it connotes the foundational private law principle that it is the owner who has to bear the damage to his person or property and that only he can seek redress from a third party, and then only when there are specific grounds in law for his compensation.

The brocard has been described as the basic principle of tort law and is attributed to the Roman jurist Ulpian.

Civil Code of Spain
The Civil Code of Spain (Spanish: Código Civil), formally the Royal Decree of 24 July 1889 (Spanish: Real Decreto de 24 de julio de 1889) is the law that regulates the major aspects of Spanish civil law. It is one of the last civil codes in Continental Europe because of the sociopolitical, religious and territorial tensions that dominated 19th-century Spain. The code has been modified numerous times and remains in force.
The Catered Affair
The article is about the film. For the stage adaptation, see A Catered Affair.

The Catered Affair (also known as Wedding Party) is a 1956 American comedy drama film directed by Richard Brooks and produced by Sam Zimbalist from a screenplay by Gore Vidal, based on a 1955 television play from Goodyear Television Playhouse by Paddy Chayefsky. The film stars Bette Davis, Ernest Borgnine, Debbie Reynolds, Barry Fitzgerald and Rod Taylor. The Catered Affair marked the first appearance of Bette Davis in a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer picture. It was also Rod Taylor's first film for MGM after signing a long-term contract with the studio. The film score was by André Previn and the cinematographer was John Alton.

John Alton
John Alton (born Johann Jacob Altmann; October 5, 1901 – June 2, 1996) was an American cinematographer of Hungarian-German origin. Alton photographed some of the most famous films noir of the classic period and won an Academy Award for the cinematography of An American in Paris (1951), becoming the first Hungarian-born person to do so in the cinematography category. He also worked as a director during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema.
Baldoyle
Baldoyle (Irish: Baile Dúill) is a coastal suburb of Dublin, Ireland, it was developed from a former fishing village.

Baldoyle is also a civil parish in the barony of Coolock within the traditional County Dublin.

Coolock (barony)
Coolock (Irish: An Chúlóg) is one of the baronies of Ireland. It was constituted as part of the old county of Dublin. Today, it covers much of the northern parts of the city of Dublin and the south-eastern part of the modern county of Fingal. At the heart of the barony is the civil parish of the same name - Coolock - which is one of twenty civil parishes in the barony.
Sraf
SRAF can refer to:

the Social Revolutionary Anarchist Federation, a defunct American anarchist group,

a word used to refer to "dust" by mulefa in Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials novels,

the acronym Subresolution Assist Features in Semiconductor device fabrication.

Philip Pullman
Sir Philip Nicholas Outram Pullman  is an English writer. He is best known for the fantasy trilogy His Dark Materials. The first volume, Northern Lights (1995), won the Carnegie Medal and later the "Carnegie of Carnegies". The third volume, The Amber Spyglass (2000), won the Whitbread Award. In 2017, he started a companion trilogy, The Book of Dust, of which the final novel, The Rose Field, was published in October 2025.

He was knighted in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to literature, and has been awarded several honorary doctorates and other honours.
John James Cunningham
John Cunningham (1904-2004) was an American painter, teacher, and director of the Carmel Art Institute in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, United States. In 1990, He became president emeritus and transferred the responsibility of the Carmel Art Institute to the Carmel Art Association.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
Dithiocarbamate
In organic chemistry, a dithiocarbamate is a chemical compound with the general formula R2N−C(=S)−S−R. It contains the functional group with the structure >N−C(=S)−S−. It is the analog of a carbamate in which both oxygen atoms are replaced by sulfur atoms (when only one oxygen is replaced the result is thiocarbamate).

Dithiocarbamate also refers to the dithiocarbamate ion R2N−CS−2 and its salts. A common example is sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (CH3CH2)2N−CS−2Na+. Dithiocarbamates and their derivatives are widely used in the vulcanization of rubber.

Chemical structure
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. Structure determination can be applied to a range of targets from very simple molecules (e.g., diatomic oxygen or nitrogen) to very complex ones (e.g., such as protein or DNA).
Gliese 758
Gliese 758 is a star in the northern constellation of Lyra. At about magnitude 6 it is a challenge to view with the naked eye even in good seeing conditions, but can be easily seen through a small telescope or binoculars. Parallax measurements from the Hipparcos mission give it an estimated distance of around 50.9 light-years (15.6 parsecs) from Earth.

Bortle scale
The Bortle dark-sky scale (usually referred to as simply the Bortle scale) is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's brightness of a particular location. It characterizes the observability of celestial objects, taking into account the interference caused by light pollution. Amateur astronomer John E. Bortle created the scale and published it in the February 2001 edition of Sky & Telescope magazine to help skywatchers evaluate and compare the darkness of night-sky observing sites.
Listed buildings in Clee St. Margaret
Clee St. Margaret is a civil parish in Shropshire, England.  It contains eight listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Clee St. Margaret and the surrounding countryside.  Six of the listed buildings are in the village, and consist of a church and a memorial in the churchyard, a farmhouse and a farm building, a complex of mill buildings, and a telephone kiosk.  The other two listed buildings are to the southwest at Cold Weston, and consist of a redundant church and a memorial in its churchyard.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Winkel van Sinkel
De Winkel van Sinkel was the first department store in The Netherlands, built between 1837 and 1839 and located at Oudegracht 158 in Utrecht. The Winkel van Sinkel Company started as a fabric store in Amsterdam, and after multiple expansions became a department store, but it was the branch in Utrecht with its expansive range of merchandise that truly established it as a concept in Dutch popular culture, "Winkel van Sinkel" having become a general term for shops where all kinds of different goods are for sale.

Clothes shop
A clothes shop or clothes store is any shop which sells items of ready-made clothing.: 59  A small shop which sells expensive or designer clothing may be called a boutique. A shop that sells clothes for a narrowly-restricted market such as school uniforms or outdoor sports may be called an outfitter.
2014 Doha Diamond League
The 2014 Doha Diamond League was the 16th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Doha, Qatar. Held on 9 May at Suheim bin Hamad Stadium, it was the opening leg of the 2014 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

Suheim bin Hamad Stadium
The Suheim bin Hamad Stadium (Arabic: ملعب سحيم بن حمد), also known as Qatar SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar. Currently used mostly for football matches, it is home of the football team Qatar Sports Club.
Ghadam-Ali Sarami
Ghadam-Ali Sarami (Persian: قدمعلی سرّامی, also Romanized as Ghadam-Ali Sarrami) is an Iranian author and poet. He was born in Ramhormoz, a small town in Khuzestan Province, southwest of Iran. In 1986, he received a Ph.D. in Persian language and literature from University of Tehran, Iran. He is an associate professor of Persian language and literature at University of Zanjan and an expert in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (lit. The Epic Book of Kings), Tarikh-i Bayhaqi (lit. Bayhaghi's History), and Hafez, Sa'di, Rumi, and other masters of Persian literature and poetry.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
1996 Conference USA men's soccer tournament
The 1996 Conference USA men's soccer tournament was the second edition of the Conference USA Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Conference USA champion and guaranteed representative into the 1996 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The tournament was hosted by the University of South Florida and the final games were played at USF Soccer Stadium.

1996 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The 1996 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament was the 37th organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The St. John's Red Storm won their first national title by defeating the Florida International Panthers in the championship game, 4–1. The semifinals on December 13, 1996, and the final on December 15, 1996, were played in Richmond, Virginia, at Richmond Stadium for the second straight year. All the other matches were played at the home field of the higher seeded team.
Laguerre–Pólya class
The Laguerre–Pólya class is the class of entire functions consisting of those functions which are locally the limit of a series of polynomials whose roots are all real.

Any function of Laguerre–Pólya class is also of Pólya class.

The product of two functions in the class is also in the class, so the class constitutes a monoid under the operation of function multiplication.

Some properties of a function  in the Laguerre–Pólya class are:

All roots are real.

for x and y real.

is a non-decreasing function of y for positive y.

A function is of Laguerre–Pólya class if and only if three conditions are met:

The roots are all real.

The nonzero zeros zn satisfy

converges, with zeros counted according to their multiplicity)

The function can be expressed in the form of a Hadamard product

with b and c real and c non-positive. (The non-negative integer m will be positive if E(0)=0. Note that if the number of zeros is infinite one may have to define how to take the infinite product.)

Infinite product
In mathematics, for a sequence of complex numbers a1, a2, a3, ... the infinite product

is defined to be the limit of the partial products a1a2...an as n increases without bound. The product is said to converge when the limit exists and is not zero. Otherwise the product is said to diverge.  A limit of zero is treated specially in order to obtain results analogous to those for infinite sums. Some sources allow convergence to 0 if there are only a finite number of zero factors and the product of the non-zero factors is non-zero, but for simplicity we  will not allow that here. If the product converges, then the limit of the sequence an as n increases without bound must be 1, while the converse is in general not true.

The best known examples of infinite products are probably some of the formulae for π, such as the following two products, respectively by Viète (Viète's formula, the first published infinite product in mathematics) and John Wallis (Wallis product):
Teatro Farnese
Teatro Farnese is a Renaissance theatre in the Palazzo della Pilotta, Parma, Italy. It was built in 1618 by Giovanni Battista Aleotti. The idea of creating this grand theater came from the Duke of Parma and Piacenza Ranuccio I Farnese. It was part of the complex of the Ducal Palace of Parma. The theatre was almost destroyed by an Allied air raid during World War II (1944). It was rebuilt and reopened in 1962.

It is, along with the Teatro all'antica in Sabbioneta and the Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza, one of only three Renaissance theaters still in existence.

Some claim this as the first permanent proscenium theatre (that is, a theatre in which the audience views the action through a single frame, which is known as the "proscenium arch").

Sabbioneta
Sabbioneta (Casalasco-Viadanese: Subiunèda) is a town and comune in the province of Mantua, Lombardy region, Northern Italy. It is situated about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Parma, not far from the northern bank of the Po River. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). It was inscribed in the World Heritage List in 2008.
Tongpo station
Tongp'o station is a railway station in Sech'ŏn-dong, Hoeryŏng county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea on the Sech'ŏn branch of the Hambuk Line of the Korean State Railway.

The station was opened in 1922 by the privately owned Tomun Railway Company, at the same time as the rest of the second stage of its mainline, from Sangsambong to Chongsŏng Station.  It was subsequently nationalised by the Chosen Government Railway in 1929, and from 1934 to 1940 it was managed by the South Manchuria Railway.  Finally, after the partition of Korea it became part of the Korean State Railway.

North Hamgyong Province
North Hamgyong Province (Hamgyŏngbukdo, Korean pronunciation: [ham.ɡjʌŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is the northernmost province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Hamgyong Province.
Bamff
Bamff House is the home of the Ramsays of Bamff, and is located within a 1,300-acre (5.3 km2) estate in Perthshire, Scotland. Bamff House began as a fortified tower in the late 16th century and was added to and altered in almost every century since then.

Bamff has been the home of several European beavers since 2002. The beaver became extinct in Scotland about 450 years ago, but some animals have been present at Bamff since a demonstration project was established in 2002. They inhabit a 32-acre (130,000 m2) area of woodland and wetland.

The Ramsays held the lands at Bamff from 1232, Nessus de Ramsay having been physician to Alexander II. His descendant, Alexander Ramsay, was physician to both James VI and Charles I. It was his son, Gilbert, who was made baronet in 1666 in recognition of the bravery of his own son, James, at the Battle of Rullion Green. The current owners are Paul and Louise Ramsay.

Fortified tower
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
Barony A Frame
The Barony A Frame is a preserved headgear in East Ayrshire, Scotland, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of Auchinleck. One hundred and eighty feet high, it was built in 1954 as part of the modernisation of the Barony Colliery, which had been opened in 1907.

The colliery closed in 1989, and in 1990 the winding engine houses, generating station and water-treatment works, as well as the A frame, were given listed building status, as category B listed structures.

It is the last remaining example of its type in Britain, and was restored in 2007 by the Barony A Frame Trust. Over £1 million was spent refurbishing the structure, including funding from Historic Scotland and the Heritage Lottery Fund. The A-frame was reopened by Prince Charles, the Duke of Rothesay in January 2008.

Historic Scotland
Historic Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba Aosmhor) was an executive agency of the Scottish Office and later the Scottish Government from 1991 to 2015, responsible for safeguarding Scotland's built heritage and promoting its understanding and enjoyment. Under the terms of a Bill of the Scottish Parliament published on 3 March 2014, Historic Scotland was dissolved and its functions were transferred to Historic Environment Scotland (HES) on 1 October 2015. HES also took over the functions of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
State Council of Heraldry
The State Council of Heraldry at the Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს პარლამენტთან არსებული ჰერალდიკის სახელმწიფო საბჭო,sakartvelos parlamentan arsebuli heraldikis sakhelmtsipo sabcho) is a heraldic authority in Georgia, established at the Parliament of Georgia on February 29, 2008. Located in Tbilisi, the council advises the government of Georgia on all matters related to heraldry. The council is headed by a chairman who is appointed (and dismissed) by the chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia. Since its creation in 2008, the council has been chaired by Eldar Shengelaya. Mamuka Gongadze is deputy chairman of the State Council of Heraldry at the Parliament of Georgia.

Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს პარლამენტი, romanized: sakartvelos p'arlament'i) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members elected through fully proportional election. The current convocation of the Georgian Parliament is 11th.

All members of the Parliament are elected for four years on the basis of universal suffrage. The Constitution of Georgia grants the Parliament of Georgia a legislative power, which is partially devolved to the legislatures of the autonomous republics of Adjara and Abkhazia.
Luren Baylon
Luren Baylón Francis (born 14 August 1977) is a Peruvian volleyball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She competed at the  1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2006 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, and 2011 FIVB World Grand Prix.

Volleyball at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The 1996 women's Olympic volleyball tournament was the ninth edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the International Olympic Committee. It was held from 20 July to 3 August 1996 at the Stegeman Coliseum of The University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia and at the Omni Coliseum in Atlanta, Georgia. 12 teams competed, up from eight in 1992.