hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antiochia in Sittacene
Antiochia in Sittacene (Greek: Αντιόχεια ή Σιτακηνή) was an ancient city founded in the Hellenistic period, possibly by Antiochus I.  Pliny in his Natural History, Book 6, § 206, describes it as an important town in the western part of the ancient region of Sittacene, between the Tigris and Tornadotus rivers.  Its present site is in Iraq.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
USS Semmes (DD-189)
USS Semmes (DD-189/AG-24) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was the first Navy ship named for Commander (USN), Rear Admiral (CSN), Brigadier General (CSA) Raphael Semmes (1809–1877).

Raphael Semmes
Raphael Semmes (/sɪmz/ SIMZ; September 27, 1809 – August 30, 1877) was an officer in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War. He had served as an officer in the United States Navy from 1826 to 1860.

During the American Civil War, Semmes was captain of the cruiser CSS Alabama, the most successful commerce raider in maritime history, taking 65 prizes. Late in the war, he was promoted to rear admiral. He also acted as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army from April 5 to April 26, 1865, although this appointment was never submitted to or officially confirmed by the Confederate Senate.
1965 Formula One season
The 1965 Formula One season was the 19th season of FIA Formula One racing. It featured the 16th World Championship of Drivers, the 8th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, and seven non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over ten races between 1 January and 24 October 1965.

Jim Clark won the Drivers' Championship in a Lotus-Climax. It was his second and last championship. Lotus were also awarded the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers for the second time. The season saw the debut for future World Champion Jackie Stewart, who finished third in the World Drivers' Championship.

Circuit de Charade
The Circuit de Charade, also known as Circuit Louis Rosier and Circuit Clermont-Ferrand, is a motorsport race track in Saint-Genès-Champanelle near Clermont-Ferrand in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France. The circuit, built around the base of an extinct volcano, was known for its challenging layout which favored the most skillful drivers and motorcyclists. It hosted the French Grand Prix four times and the French motorcycle Grand Prix ten times.
German submarine U-603
German submarine U-603  was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 27 February 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 579, launched on 16 November 1941 and commissioned on 2 January 1942 under Kapitänleutnant Kurt Kölzer.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Junior wives of Krishna
Besides the Ashtabharya (Eight principal queens of Krishna), Krishna is described to have married several thousand women whom he rescued from the demon Narakasura. The Bhagavata Purana and the Mahabharata state that 16,000 women were rescued, however the Vishnu Purana and the Harivamsa (appendix of the Mahabharata) differ and set the number as 16,100. These 16,000 junior queens are all identified as manifestations of goddess Lakshmi, the eternal consort of Krishna or Vishnu. Generally all of them are unnamed, however many commentators of the Bhagavata Purana regard Rohini to be their leader, though such an explicit mention is not found in the scripture.

Abhira people
The Abhira people (Devanagari: आभीर) were a legendary people mentioned in ancient Indian epics and scriptures. A historical people of the same name are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The Mahabharata describes them as living near the seashore and on the bank of the Sarasvati River, near Somnath in Gujarat and in the Matsya region also.
Kråmyra Stadion
Kråmyra Stadion was a football stadium in the city of Ålesund, in Norway that served as the home grounds for Aalesunds FK from 1977 until Color Line Stadium opened in April, 2005. It had a capacity of 11,000 people. The venue has hosted Norway national under-21 football team matches twice, playing 0–5 against Sweden on 8 August 1972 and 3–1 against Finland on 27 April 1982.

Sweden national under-21 football team
The Sweden national under-21 football team is the football team representing Sweden in competitions for under-21 year old players and is controlled by the Swedish Football Association. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the biennial UEFA European Under-21 Championship.

Sweden made their first European Under-21 Championship appearance in 1986. In 2015, Sweden became champions for the first time. They finished second in 1992 and they also reached the semi-finals in 1990 and 2009. Oscar Hiljemark is the most capped player for the Swedish U21 team, having played 37 caps between 2011 and 2015. Ola Toivonen and Carlos Strandberg are the top goalscorers for the Swedish U21 team, having scored 13 goals each.
NOBIN
NOBIN (2-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl) is an organic molecule used for asymmetric catalysis. NOBIN is related to BINOL and other analogs by both having a chiral axis and being a scaffold for certain chemical reactions. NOBIN is an excellent catalyst for the aldol reaction producing reliable products, good yields, and excellent diastereoselectivity.

Though rotation around the bond joining the rings is limited by the hydrogen atoms, enantiomerically pure NOBIN may racemize upon heating.

NOBIN is prepared by oxidative cross coupling of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine. The oxidative source is metal ions in solution such as Fe2+ or a Cu2+ amine complex.  Once racemic NOBIN is produced, it needs to be resolved. One method for this is the use of camphorsulfonic acid, in which the basic group of NOBIN is used to form a diastereomeric salt of one enantiomer. The other enantiomer however will stay in solution.

The two enantiomers of NOBIN, (S)-(-)-NOBIN (left) and (R)-(+)-NOBIN (right)

Aldol reaction
The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a reaction in organic chemistry that combines two carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.  Its simplest form might involve the nucleophilic addition of an enolized ketone to another:

These products are known as aldols, from the aldehyde + alcohol, a structural motif seen in many of the products. The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them.

The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.  It lends its name to the family of aldol reactions and similar techniques analyze a whole family of carbonyl α-substitution reactions, as well as the diketone condensations.
Coronation of the Virgin (Gentile da Fabriano)
Coronation of the Virgin is a tempera painting by the Italian late Gothic artist Gentile da Fabriano, executed c. 1420, now in the Getty Museum. It originated as the front of the a processional banner – the reverse showed Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata and is now in Parma.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Ben Hornok
Ben Hornok is an American Republican politician and general contractor who served as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from the 42nd district. Elected on November 8, 2022, in the 2022 Wyoming House of Representatives election, he assumed office on January 2, 2023. He was defeated in his attempt at re-election in the 2024 Republican primary.

2022 Wyoming House of Representatives election
All 62 members of the Wyoming House of Representatives were elected on November 8, 2022, as part of the 2022 Wyoming elections. Primary elections were held on August 16. Republicans expanded their supermajority, gaining six seats.
Oh My God! (The Moniker song)
"Oh My God!" is a song written by The Moniker which he performed at Melodifestivalen 2011. The song made it through Andra chansen to the final inside the Stockholm Globe Arena where it finished in third place.

The song entered Svensktoppen on 17 April 2011.

An alternate version with lyrics in Swedish, "Göteborgslåten", is about the city of Gothenburg.

Melodifestivalen 2011
Melodifestivalen 2011 was a Swedish song contest held in February and March 2011. It selected Sweden's 51st song to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest, and was the 50th edition of Melodifestivalen. Eric Saade, with the song "Popular", won the contest and thus was selected to represent Sweden in the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest.
Ubet, Montana
Ubet (also written U-Bet or U-bet) was a stage stop settlement in Fergus County, Montana (but what is now Judith Basin County), United States. It is approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) west of Garneill, which was reputedly the best-known stagecoach station in the Montana Territory.

Fergus County, Montana
Fergus County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,446. Its county seat is Lewistown. The county was founded in 1885 and named for James Fergus, a Montana politician who was instrumental in creating the county.
Dubovoy (surname)
Dubovoy is a surname mainly of Russian and or Ukrainian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivan Dubovoy (1900–1981), Soviet Army major general

Oleksandr Dubovoy (born 1976), Ukrainian politician

Vladislav Dubovoy (born 1989), Russian professional footballer

Ivan Naumovich Dubovoy (1896–1938), Ukrainian Soviet army commander

Ivan Naumovich Dubovoy
Ivan Naumovich Dubovoy (Russian: Ива́н Нау́мович Дубово́й; Ukrainian: Іван Наумович Дубовий; September 24, 1896 – July 29, 1938) was a Ukrainian Soviet army commander. He fought for the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent Civil War. With fellow Ukrainian Ivan Fedko he secured his hometown for the Red Army. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner.

During the Great Purge, he was arrested on August 21, 1937. On July 28, 1938, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union and executed the following day. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated in 1956.
Raymond Collings
Raymond William Pennington Collings AFC (23 September 1908 – 13 November 1973) was a British bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s. At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, he finished fifth in the two-man and seventh in the four-man events.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Korean Women Workers Association
The Korean Women Workers Association (KWWA or Han'guk yŏsŏng nodongjahoe 한국여성노동자회) is an organization in South Korea dedicated to advancing the human rights for working women and promoting gender equality. KWWA offers leadership training and monitors the effects of government policies on women workers.

It was the first national women workers association in Korea. KWWA is also one of the founding members of the umbrella organization of the Korean Women's Associations United (KWAU).

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Warham Camp
Warham Camp is an Iron Age circular hillfort with a total diameter of 212 metres (232 yards) near Warham, south of Wells-next-the-Sea in Norfolk, England. It is a scheduled monument dated to between 800BC and 43AD, and a 5.1-hectare (13-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, located within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The University of East Anglia has described it as the best-preserved hill fort in Norfolk.

First built by the Iceni people centuries before the Roman conquest of Britain, the monument later housed a Roman blacksmith. A section of its bank was partially destroyed in the 18th century rerouting of the River Stiffkey. It has now been the subject of archaeological excavations spanning 90 years.

This unimproved chalk grassland site is heavily grazed by rabbits and cattle. It has diverse herb species such as common rock-rose and squinancywort, and butterflies including the chalkhill blue.

Cynanchica pyrenaica
Cynanchica pyrenaica (syn. Asperula cynanchica), commonly known as squinancywort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to much of southern and central Europe from Spain and Ireland to Russia, where it grows in calcareous and coastal grasslands. Its peculiar common name is an anglicisation of the scientific one.
739 Naval Air Squadron
739 Naval Air Squadron (739 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN), which disbanded during 1950. It was formed as the Blind Approach Development Unit for the Fleet Air Arm, operating with Fairey Fulmar and Fairey Swordfish aircraft, at RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus), in 1942. Just under one year later the squadron moved to RNAS Worthy Down (HMS Kestrel), in late 1943 and continued in the role. Roughly one year later the squadron moved again, relocating to RNAS Donibristle (HMS Merlin) in late 1944, disbanding in 1945. It reformed in 1947 and was based at RNAS Culham (HMS Hornbill), with a new role, as the Fleet Air Arm Photographic Trials and Development Unit.

Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the naval aviation component of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The FAA is one of five RN fighting arms. As of 2023 it is a primarily helicopter force, though also operating the F-35B Lightning II carrier-based stealth fighter jointly with the Royal Air Force.

The RAF was formed by the 1918 merger of the RN's Royal Naval Air Service with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps. The FAA did not come under the direct control of the Admiralty until mid-1939. During the Second World War, the FAA operated aircraft on ships as well as land-based aircraft that defended the Royal Navy's shore establishments and facilities.
2008–09 Toto Cup Leumit
The 2008–09 Toto Cup Leumit was the twenty-seventh season of the third most important football tournament in Israel since its introduction and fifth under the current format. It was held in two stages. First, twelve Liga Leumit teams were divided into two groups. Four teams from each group advanced to the Quarterfinals. Quarterfinals held as two-legged matches, while the Semifinals and the Final was held as one-legged matches.

The defending champions were Hapoel Petah Tikva.

On 3 February 2009, Hapoel Be'er Sheva won the 2008–09 Toto Cup Leumit making it their first Toto Cup title.

Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C.
Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. (Hebrew: הפועל פתח תקווה) is an Israeli professional football club based in the city of Petah Tikva, currently playing in  Israeli Premier League.
Its most successful period was throughout the 1950s and 1960s, in which the club won six League Championships and one State Cups. The club holds to this day the record for most consecutive championships – five – and was ranked in the top three of the league for 14 years between 1954 and 1968. Hapoel Petah Tikva has not won the championship since 1963, and its last titles were the State Cup in 1992 and the Toto Cup in 2005.
Lophine
Lophine is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5C)2N2HCC6H5.  It is a derivative of imidazole wherein all three carbon atoms have phenyl groups as substituents.  A white solid, this compound gave the first example of chemiluminescence when its basic solutions were exposed to air.  Its chemiluminescence continues to attract attention.

Lophine and its dihydro analogue amarine (meso-2,4,5-triphenyl-2-imidazoline) were discovered early in the history of organic chemistry (between 1841 and 1847), before the development of a structural theory of organic chemistry by Kekulé and Couper in the 1850s. Lophine is prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde, benzil, and ammonia.

Archibald Scott Couper
Archibald Scott Couper (/ˈkuːpər/; 31 March 1831 – 11 March 1892) was a Scottish chemist who proposed an early theory of chemical structure and bonding.  He developed the concepts of tetravalent carbon atoms linking together to form large molecules, and that the bonding order of the atoms in a molecule can be determined from chemical evidence.
Wheel Blacks
The Wheel Blacks are the national wheelchair rugby team of New Zealand. The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Paralympic games in Athens.

The Wheel Blacks squad is made up from players from different regions around New Zealand. They include Auckland, Waikato, Bay Of Plenty, Manawatu, Wellington, Canterbury, Otago. The Wheel Blacks name is one of many national team nicknames related to the All Blacks.

New Zealand national team nomenclature based on the "All Blacks"
Many of the national sports teams of New Zealand have been given nicknames, officially or otherwise, based on the iconic status of the All Blacks rugby team, and (mostly in the case of female teams) the silver tree fern (Cyathea dealbata) of their logo. The practice became controversial when Badminton New Zealand used the name "Black Cocks" for a period in 2004.
Clyman Subdivision
The Clyman Subdivision or Clyman Sub is a 28-mile (45 km) railway line owned and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad. It branches off of the Adams Subdivision to the south in Clyman Junction, Wisconsin, and continues south to Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, where the line terminates. It is a segment of a former Chicago and North Western Railway line, which ran from Fond du Lac to Janesville. It is used for locals that serve the handful of industrial spurs along the line.

Janesville, Wisconsin
Janesville is a city in and the county seat of Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 65,615 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 66,428 in 2024, making it the tenth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Janesville–Beloit Metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,461 residents in the 2024 estimate. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin.
Old San Antonio Road
The Old San Antonio Road was a historic roadway located in the U.S. states of Texas and Louisiana. Parts of it were based on traditional Native American trails. Its Texas terminus was about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Eagle Pass at the Rio Grande in Maverick County, and its northern terminus was at Natchitoches, Louisiana. The road continued from Texas through Monclova to Mexico City.

The Old San Antonio Road is considered a part of El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail.

Eagle Pass, Texas
Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County, Texas, United States. Its population was 28,130 as of the 2020 census.  Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande river.
Ludovico Gonzaga
Ludovico Gonzaga (also spelled Lodovico) was the name of several prominent members of the House of Gonzaga:

Ludovico I Gonzaga (1268–1360), better known as Luigi, the first Capitano del Popolo ('Captain of the People') of Mantua and Imperial Vicar

Ludovico II Gonzaga (1334–1382), Italian politician who was capitano del popolo of Mantua

Ludovico III Gonzaga (1412–1478), also known as Ludovico II, Marquis of Mantua from 1444

Ludovico Gonzaga (1480-1540) (c. 1480–1540), Italian nobleman and condottiero

Ludovico Gonzaga-Nevers, also known as Luigi and Louis   (1539–1595), Duke of Nevers from 1565

Ludovico Gonzaga (bishop) (1588–1632), Italian Roman Catholic bishop

House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga (US: /ɡənˈzɑːɡə, ɡɒn-, -ˈzæɡ-/; Italian: [ɡonˈdzaːɡa]) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga-Nevers), and one became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Marie Louise Gonzaga).
Hrušica, Ilirska Bistrica
Hrušica (pronounced [ˈxɾuːʃitsa]; Italian: Crusizza) is a village northwest of Podgrad in the Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Chrysogonus (Slovene: sveti Krizogon) and belongs to the Koper Diocese.

Inner Carniola
45°43′00″N 14°25′00″E﻿ / ﻿45.71667°N 14.41667°E﻿ / 45.71667; 14.41667

Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Inner Carniola (Slovene: Notranjska pronounced [ˈnòːtɾanska]; German: Innerkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the southwestern part of the larger Carniola region. It comprises the Hrušica karst plateau up to Postojna Gate, bordering the Slovenian Littoral (the Gorizia region) in the west. Its administrative and economic center of the region is Postojna, and other minor centers include Vrhnika, Logatec, Cerknica, Pivka, and Ilirska Bistrica.