hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Washington Bartlett
Washington Montgomery Bartlett (February 29, 1824 – September 12, 1887) was an American politician who served as the 16th governor of California from January 1887 until his death in September of that year, as well as the 20th mayor of San Francisco from 1883 to 1887. He was the first Jewish governor of any U.S. state and – to date – the only Jewish governor of California.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Abdou Moumouni University
Abdou Moumouni University (French: Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, UAM), formerly the University of Niamey from 1974 to 1994, is a public university based in Niamey, the capital of Niger. The main campus is situated on the right bank of the Niger River. Historically, its students and faculty have been involved in protest movements in the capital.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Sher Shah (Karachi)
SherShah is a  neighbourhood in Karachi, Pakistan, that is located along the northern bank of the Lyari River. Sher Shah is home to the Morroro Graveyard - a vast cemetery that is centuries old. It is also the site of some of Karachi's recycling industry. In October 2010, Baloch terrorists gunned down 13 members of the Urdu-speaking community in Sher Shah Kabari Market.

There are several ethnic groups in Kiamari Town including Urdu speakers, Sindhis,  Punjabis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns,  Balochs, Memons, Bohras and Ismailis.

The Sher Shah neighbourhood and Sher Shah Bridge in Kiamari Town of Karachi is named after Sher Shah Bukhari Khurasani. Sher Shah Park in Wah Cantt, Pakistan, is named in the honour of Sher Shah Suri.

Musta'li Ismailism
Musta'li Isma'ilism (Arabic: المستعلية, romanized: al-Mustaʿliyya) is a branch of Isma'ilism named for their acceptance of al-Musta'li as the legitimate ninth Fatimid caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir Billah (r. 1036–1094/1095). The Nizari the other living branch of Ismailism, led by Aga Khan V believe the ninth caliph was al-Musta'li's elder brother, Nizar.

The Musta'li originated in Fatimid-ruled Egypt, later moved its religious center to Yemen, and gained a foothold in 11th-century Western India through missionaries.
French ship Uranie
Seven ships of the French Navy have borne the name Uranie, in honour of Urania:

Uranie (1788), a 40-gun frigate

Uranie (1797), better known as Géographe of Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1802

Uranie (1800), a 44-gun frigate, lead ship of her class

Uranie (1803), a luger, wrecked in 1816

Uranie (1811), a corvette, ran aground and wrecked on 14 February 1820 during a circumnavigational expedition under Louis de Freycinet (1817–1820)

Uranie (1832), a 60-gun frigate

Baudin expedition to Australia
The Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1803 was a French expedition to map the coast of New Holland (now Australia). Nicolas Baudin was selected as leader in October 1800. The expedition started with two ships, Géographe, captained by Baudin, and Naturaliste captained by Jacques Hamelin, and was accompanied by nine zoologists and botanists, including Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour, François Péron and Charles-Alexandre Lesueur as well as the geographer Pierre Faure.
Odete Maria Freitas Belo
Odete Maria Freitas Belo (born 21 February 1966) is an East Timorese physician and politician, and a member of the Fretilin political party. From May 2020 to July 2023, she was the Minister of Health, serving in the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.

Prime Minister of Timor-Leste
The prime minister of Timor-Leste, officially the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (Portuguese: Primeiro-Ministro da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; Tetum: Primeiru-Ministru Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.

The president of Timor-Leste is the head of state. The president appoints the prime minister, after parliamentary elections and have listened to all parties represented in the National Parliament, who is usually the leader of the majority party or majority coalition. The prime minister is ex officio a member of the Council of State, chairs the cabinet and oversees the activities of the government.

The current prime minister is Xanana Gusmão, who was sworn in on 1 July 2023; he also served as the 6th prime minister from 2007 to 2015.
Double or Quits (1938 film)
Double or Quits is a 1938 British crime film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Frank Fox, Patricia Medina and Hal Walters.

It was shot at Teddington Studios. It was made as a quota quickie by the British subsidiary of Warner Brothers.

Teddington Studios
Teddington Studios was a large British television studio in Teddington, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, providing studio facilities for programmes airing on the  BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Sky One and others. The complex also provided studio space for channel continuity. Towards the end of its history the site was run by the Pinewood Studios Group.

Originally built as film studios, the studios were the main production centres for the ITV franchisees ABC Weekend TV and Thames Television.

Pinewood Group's lease on Teddington Studios expired in 2014. The studios were demolished in February 2016 to be turned into housing, with programmes made there having moved to other facilities. The studio buildings have now been replaced by four modern apartment blocks and other smaller houses.
Mulgirigala Raja Maha Vihara
Mulgirigala Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhalaː මුල්ගිරිගල රජ මහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Puttalam District, Sri Lanka. The temple is situated at Mullegama village, about 2.5 km (1.6 mi) far from the Nawagattegama town. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. It is believed that the temple was built by King Dappula during the Anuradhapura period. The monastery complex consisted of a number of caves and inscriptions, constructed about 300 years ago.

Government of Sri Lanka
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanised: Śrī Laṅkā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம், romanised: Ilaṇkai Aracāṅkam) is a semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.
Winkler County Airport
Winkler County Airport (IATA: INK, ICAO: KINK, FAA LID: INK) is a county-owned, public-use airport in Winkler County, Texas, United States. It is located three nautical miles (6 km) northwest of the central business district of Wink, Texas. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Wink, Texas
Wink is a city in Winkler County, Texas, United States. Its population was 915 at the 2020 census. Wink was a temporary childhood home to singer and songwriter Roy Orbison, although he was born in Vernon, Texas.   Orbison later described the major components of life in Wink as "football, oil fields, oil, grease, and sand", and in later years expressed relief that he was able to leave the desolate town.
Finings
Finings are substances that are usually added at or near the completion of the processing of making wine, beer, and various nonalcoholic juice beverages. They are used to remove compounds, either to improve clarity or adjust flavor or aroma. The removed compounds may be sulfides, proteins, polyphenols, benzenoids, or copper ions. Unless they form a stable sediment in the final container, the spent finings are usually discarded from the beverage along with the target compounds that they capture.

Substances used as finings include egg whites, blood, milk, isinglass, and Irish moss. These are still used by some producers, but more modern substances have also been introduced and are more widely used, including bentonite, gelatin, casein, carrageenan, alginate, diatomaceous earth, pectinase, pectolyase, PVPP, kieselsol (colloidal silica), copper sulfate, dried albumen (egg whites), hydrated yeast, and activated carbon.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
Wolfgang Niedrig
Wolfgang Niedrig is an East German sprint canoeist who competed in the mid to late 1960s. He won two medals in the K-4 10000 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 1963 and a bronze in 1966.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Marlin Model 25MG
The Marlin Model 25MG is a smooth bore, bolt-action, .22 WMR rifle manufactured by Marlin firearms Company. It was designed to shoot snake shot and marketed as a "Garden Gun" for use in dispatching small garden and farm pests. It also has been used for airport and warehouse pest control.

Based on earlier Marlin .22-caliber designs, the Garden Gun was equipped with a high-visibility front sight but no rear sight. It was available with either a black synthetic stock or a straight-combed hardwood stock.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Eddie Feldmann
Eddie Feldmann is an American producer and screenwriter. He won five Primetime Emmy Awards and was nominated for six more in the categories Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series and Outstanding Variety Series for his work on the television program Dennis Miller Live.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Series is a category in the Primetime Emmy Awards. It is awarded annually to the best variety show or similarly formatted program of the year. The award is sometimes known by other names, such as “Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Program” and “Outstanding Variety, Music, or Comedy Series.”
Tchimpounga Sanctuary
The Tchimpounga Sanctuary, also known as the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center, for primates is located on a coastal plain of savanna and forest in the Republic of the Congo, and was built in 1992. The site covers an area of 70 square kilometres (27 sq mi). The sanctuary, part of the Jane Goodall Institute, is located 50 km (31 miles) north of Pointe-Noire in the Kouilou Department and is the largest chimpanzee sanctuary on the African continent. It has conducted research comparing food-sharing and social inhibition among chimpanzees and bonobos.

The sanctuary is a refuge west of the Congo Basin for chimpanzees orphaned by bushmeat hunters; authorities deliver the young animals after confiscating them from sellers in the pet or entertainment trades.

The sanctuary is a member of the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance.

Kouilou Department
04°19′40″S 11°53′37″E﻿ / ﻿4.32778°S 11.89361°E﻿ / -4.32778; 11.89361

Kouilou (Kongo: Kwilu, Kuilu ) is a department of the Republic of the Congo. Covering the country's coastline, it has an area of 13,650 square kilometres and at the start of 2023 it was home to about 97,362 people. The department borders Niari Department, the commune of Pointe-Noire, and internationally, Gabon and the Cabinda area of Angola.

Since 2011 the town of Loango has been the capital of the Kouilou department. Before, the capital was Hinda (see "Villages and towns" part).

Kouilou is also the name of a river, the Kouilou-Niari River.
Sudirman (singer)
Dato' Sudirman bin Haji Arshad (25 May 1954 – 22 February 1992), known mononymously as Sudirman, was a Malaysian singer, songwriter and actor. His singing career kicked off after winning the Bintang RTM singing competition on 11 August, 1976. His career defining moment came after he was awarded winner of the "1989 Asia's No. 1 Performer" title during the ‘'Asian Popular Music Awards'’ competition held at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 19 March, 1989. 
Throughout his career, he was known as the "Singing Lawyer", the "People's Singer", the "Patriotic Singer" and the "Elvis Presley and Claude François of Malaysia". Apart from being a singer and actor, he was also a lawyer, a composer, writer (specifically focused in producing memoirs and children books), cartoonist, and entrepreneur.

He represented Malaysia at the 1985 ABU Popular Song Contest.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Fernando Velázquez (composer)
Fernando Velázquez Saiz (born 22 November 1976) is a Spanish concert, film and TV composer. Among his best known works are the film soundtracks for Juan Antonio Bayona’s films: The Orphanage, The Impossible and A Monster Calls, for which he won the Goya Film Award for Best Original Composition in 2017.

Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Spanish: Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards. They are presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

The first ceremony was held in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences, at the Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid. They have since been also held in other Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Valladolid, and Granada).
The Beast Beneath
The Beast Beneath is a 2020 American made-for-television horror film written and directed by Dustin Ferguson, starring Mel Novak and Brinke Stevens. It premiered on After Hours Cinema on WGUD-TV August 7, 2020.

WTBL-LD
WTBL-LD (channel 51) is a low-power television station serving Biloxi and Gulfport, Mississippi, United States, as an affiliate of MeTV and Telemundo. It is nominally licensed to Pascagoula, Mississippi; however, it only provides a marginal signal to that area. WTBL-LD is owned by Gray Television alongside dual ABC/CBS affiliate WLOX (channel 13). The two stations share studios on DeBuys Road in Biloxi, where WTBL-LD's transmitter is also located.
Malusi islands
The Malusi islands (Estonian: Malusi saared) are an archipelago in Gulf of Finland, administratively belonging to Estonia. The archipelago consists of three islands: Põhja-Malusi 'North Malusi', Vahekari 'Middle Reef', and Lõuna-Malusi 'South Malusi'.

Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Estonian: Soome laht; Finnish: Suomenlahti; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, romanized: Finskiy zaliv; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the gulf belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbors are located there, including Primorsk. As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the gulf is of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf. Proposals for an undersea Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel through the gulf have been made.
Lucius Petronius Taurus Volusianus
Lucius Petronius Taurus Volusianus (died c.286 AD) was a Roman citizen, apparently of equestrian origins, whose career in the Imperial Service in the mid-Third Century AD carried him from a relatively modest station in life to the highest public offices and senatorial status in a very few years. He may have secured his first appointments before the Licinian Dynasty – (Valerian and his son Gallienus) – acceded to the Empire in 253 AD, but it was in the course of their reign that his upward progress achieved an almost unprecedented momentum and the second factor seems to have been a consequence of the first. The nature of his relationship to the Licinii is uncertain, but it seems likely that a common origin in the Etruscan region of central Italy at least predisposed Gallienus in his favour and he seems to have been that emperor's most trusted servant and adviser during the period of his sole reign - 260(?)-268 AD.

Licinia gens
The gens Licinia was a celebrated plebeian family at ancient Rome, which appears from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times, and which eventually obtained the imperial dignity. The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo, who, as tribune of the plebs from 376 to 367 BC, prevented the election of any of the annual magistrates, until the patricians acquiesced to the passage of the lex Licinia Sextia, or Licinian Rogations. This law, named for Licinius and his colleague, Lucius Sextius, opened the consulship for the first time to the plebeians. Licinius himself was subsequently elected consul in 364 and 361 BC, and from this time, the Licinii became one of the most illustrious gentes in the Republic.
Enchanted April (1935 film)
Enchanted April is a 1935 American comedy drama film directed by Harry Beaumont and starring Ann Harding, Frank Morgan and Katharine Alexander. It was made by RKO Pictures. The original 1922 novel The Enchanted April has also been adapted for the stage multiple times, and adapted for the 1991 British film by screenwriter Peter Barnes.

Peter Barnes (playwright)
Peter Barnes (10 January 1931 – 1 July 2004) was an English Olivier Award-winning playwright and screenwriter. His best known work is the play The Ruling Class, which was made into a 1972 film for which Peter O'Toole received an Oscar nomination.
Isidore of Scetes
Saint Isidore of Scetes (died c. 390) was a 4th-century A.D. Egyptian Christian priest and desert ascetic.

Isidore was one of the Desert Fathers and was a companion of Macarius the Great. 
John Cassian lists him as the leader of one of the four monastic communities of Scetes.
The Roman Martyrology describes the blessed Isidore as renowned for holiness of life, faith and miracles.
His feast day is 15 January.

St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate
St Augustine's Abbey or Ramsgate Abbey is a former Benedictine abbey in Ramsgate. It  was built in 1860 by Augustus Pugin and is a Grade II listed building. It was the first Benedictine monastery to be built in England since the Reformation. In 2010, the monks moved to St Augustine's Abbey in Chilworth, Surrey. The site is now owned by the Vincentian Congregation from Kerala, India. The church of St Augustine, across the road from the abbey site, belongs to the Archdiocese of Southwark and is a shrine of St Augustine of Canterbury.
Homo-MDA
Homo-MDA (HMDA), also known as α-methyl-γ-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propylamine, is a entactogen-like drug related to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). It is an analogue of MDA in which the side chain has been lengthened by one carbon atom.

Unlike the stimulant amphetamine and the psychedelic DOM, and in contrast to MDA, homo-MDA has no effect on locomotor activity in rodents. It was found to be more toxic than MDA in rodents.

The effects of homo-MDA in humans are unknown. It is not a controlled substance in the United States as of 2011.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Will Baillieu
Will Baillieu (born 15 August 1951) is an Australian rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He is a brother of former Premier of Victoria, Ted Baillieu.

Baillieu was a crew member of 1983 America's Cup winning Australia II. He was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the 1984 Australia Day Honours.

1984 Australia Day Honours
The 1984 Australia Day Honours were announced on 26 January 1984 by the Governor General of Australia, Sir Ninian Stephen.

The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, announced on Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours which are announced on the second Monday in June.