hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of Thailand
The flag of Thailand (Thai: ธงไตรรงค์; RTGS: thong trai rong, meaning 'tricolour flag') consists of five horizontal stripes of red, white, blue, white and red, with the central blue stripe being twice as wide as each of the other four. The design was adopted on 28 September 1917, according to the royal decree issued by Rama VI. Since 2016, that day is a national day of importance in Thailand celebrating the flag.

The colours are said to stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand, red for the land and people, white for religions and blue for the monarchy, the last having been the auspicious colour of Rama VI. As the king declared war on Germany that July, some note the flag now bore the same colours as those of the UK, France, Russia and the United States.

Flag Day
A flag day is a flag-related holiday, a day designated for flying a certain flag (such as a national flag) or a day set aside to celebrate a historical event such as a nation's adoption of its flag.

Flag days are usually codified in national statutes passed by legislative bodies or parliaments; however, in some countries a decree or proclamation by the head of state or chief executive can also order a flag day. The statute, or the proclamation or decree, may specify locations where flags are to be flown and how (for example, at full- or half-staff); alternatively, custom may prevail. The flag day is naturally a flag-flying day.
Aleksanteri Koivisto
Aleksanteri Koivisto (23 May 1863 – 22 December 1921; original surname Märjenjärvi) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Kuortane. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 until his death in 1921, representing the Finnish Party until December 1918 and the National Coalition Party after that.

Kuortane
Kuortane is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 3,328 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 484.88 square kilometres (187.21 sq mi) of which 22.72 km2 (8.77 sq mi) is water. The population density is 7.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (19/sq mi). The neighboring municipalities of Kuortane are Alajärvi, Alavus, Lapua and Seinäjoki. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Kuortane has a notable history of pine tar production. It is currently well known for the Kuortaneen urheilulukio, a sports institute (Olympic Training centre) and training facility overseen by the Finnish Olympic Committee where many young Finnish athletes study and train. Both the women's national under-18 ice hockey team and Team Kuortane of the Naisten Liiga are based at the institute. It is also known as the birthplace of world-famous architect Alvar Aalto.
Organ of St. Pankratius in Hamburg-Neuenfelde
The organ of the St. Pankratius in Hamburg-Neuenfelde was built in 1688 by Arp Schnitger, and is his largest two-manual organ. The instrument has 34 stops, of which about half are original. Neuenfelde itself belongs to the Altes Land and was incorporated to Hamburg in 1937.

Organ stop
An organ stop is a component of a pipe organ that admits pressurized air (known as wind) to a set of organ pipes. Its name comes from the fact that stops can be used selectively by the organist; each can be "on" (admitting the passage of air to certain pipes), or "off" (stopping the passage of air to certain pipes).

The term can also refer to the control that operates this mechanism, commonly called a stop tab, stop knob, or drawknob. On electric or electronic organs that imitate a pipe organ, the same terms are often used, with the exception of the Hammond organ and clonewheel organs, which use the term "drawbar".

The term is also sometimes used as a synonym for register, referring to rank(s) of pipes controlled by a single stop.  Registration is the art of combining stops to produce a certain sound. The phrase "pull out all the stops", which once only meant to engage all of the voices on the organ, has entered general usage, for deploying all available means to pursue a goal.
Said Zaman Khan v. Federation of Pakistan
Said Zaman Khan v. Federation of Pakistan is a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of Pakistan upheld death sentences against sixteen terrorists convicted by military courts in 2016. The accused included members of militant groups Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan  and al-Qaeda, as well as suspects involved in the Peshawar school massacre in 2014, the Bannu jailbreak in 2012, and the Rawalpindi Parade Lane bombing in 2009.

Bannu
Bannu (Urdu: بنوں, romanized: bannū̃, pronounced [bənːũː] ⓘ), also called Bani Gul or Bani (Pashto: باني, romanized: bānī, pronounced [ˈbɑni] ⓘ) is a city located on the Kurram River in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the capital of Bannu Division. Bannu's residents are primarily members of the Banuchi tribe and speak Banuchi (Baniswola), a dialect of Pashto which is similar to the distinct Waziristani dialect. The residents regardless of their tribes are commonly called Banusi, Banuchi or Banisi.

The major industries of Bannu are cloth weaving, sugar mills and the manufacturing of cotton fabrics, machinery and equipment. It is famous for its weekly Jumma fair. The district forms a basin drained by the Kurram and Gambila (or Tochi) rivers.
Lisa Victoria
'Lisa Victoria Edwards' (born 1973), known professionally as Lisa Victoria, is a Welsh television actor best known for playing the character of Sheryl Hughes in the long-running Welsh soap Pobol y Cwm on S4C.

Edwards was born in Treherbert.  Her previous career includes stage and television performances for BBC Wales, HTV and S4C, as well as the leading role of the character Kelly in the BBC Radio Wales soap Station Road.

ITV Wales & West
ITV Wales and West, previously known as Harlech Television (HTV), was an ITV franchisee in the United Kingdom until 31 December 2013, licensed to broadcast by the regulator Ofcom.

There is no channel, past or present, named "ITV Wales and West". The licence relates to a "dual region", meaning that the franchise area was divided into two sub-regions, Wales and the West of England, each of which had to be served by distinct and separate ITV programme services, as more fully defined within the licence.

From January 2014, the dual-region licence was split in two, with ITV Cymru Wales for Wales and ITV West Country covering both the West of England sub-region and South West England. Both licences remain held by ITV plc through its subsidiary ITV Broadcasting Ltd, and the legal names of the former HTV companies have not yet been changed again, although the former holding company was however dissolved on 7 February 2023.
Christianity in late antiquity
Christianity in late antiquity traces Christianity during the Christian Roman Empire — the period from the rise of Christianity under Emperor Constantine (c. 313), until the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476). The end-date of this period varies because the transition to the sub-Roman period occurred gradually and at different times in different areas. One may generally date late ancient Christianity as lasting to the late 6th century and the re-conquests under Justinian (reigned 527–565) of the Byzantine Empire, though a more traditional end-date is 476, the year in which Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustus, traditionally considered the last western emperor.

Christianity began to spread initially from Roman Judaea without state support or endorsement. It became the state religion of Armenia in either 301 or 314, of Ethiopia in 325, and of Georgia in 337. With the Edict of Thessalonica it became the state religion of the Roman Empire in 380.

Monophysitism
Monophysitism (/məˈnɒfɪsaɪtɪzəm/ mə-NOF-ih-seye-tih-zəm) or monophysism (/məˈnɒfɪzɪzəm/ mə-NOF-ih-zih-zəm; from Greek μόνος monos, "solitary" and φύσις physis, "nature") is a Christological doctrine that states that there was only one nature—the divine—in the person of Jesus Christ, who was the incarnated Word. It is rejected as heretical by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglicanism, Lutheranism, Reformed Christianity (Calvinist), and all mainstream Protestant denominations, which hold to the dyophysitism of the 451 Council of Chalcedon—as well by Oriental Orthodoxy, which holds to miaphysitism.
Preuilly Abbey (Indre-et-Loire)
Preuilly Abbey (French: Abbaye de Preuilly-sur-Claise; Abbaye Saint-Pierre) was a Benedictine monastery in Preuilly-sur-Claise, Indre-et-Loire, France. The surviving abbey church retains many Romanesque features, notably the intricately carved capitals.

The monastery was founded in 1001 by Effroy, lord of Preuilly and la Roche-Posay, and his wife Beatrice of Issoudun. In 1008 the archbishop of Tours consecrated the altar in the abbey church, which was dedicated to Saint Peter. In 1012 King Robert the Pious granted various privileges. It was pillaged by Protestants in 1562, when the crypt was destroyed. The monastery was suppressed in 1791 in the French Revolution, but the abbey church survived, although with significant damage and unsympathetic restoration in the 19th century, as a parish church.

Indre-et-Loire
Indre-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃.dʁ‿e.lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River. In 2019, it had a population of 610,079. Sometimes referred to as Touraine, the name of the historic region, it is nowadays part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its prefecture is Tours and subprefectures are Chinon and Loches. Indre-et-Loire is a touristic destination for its numerous monuments that are part of the Châteaux of the Loire Valley.
Seventh Lake
Seventh Lake is located near Inlet, New York. It is part of the Fulton Chain Lakes. The outlet flows through a channel into Sixth Lake and the main inlet flows through a creek from Eighth Lake. Fish species present in the lake are brown trout, lake whitefish, lake trout, smelt, landlocked salmon, rainbow trout, white sucker, black bullhead, yellow perch, and pumpkinseed sunfish. There is a state owned hard surface ramp of NY-28, 3 miles east of Inlet with parking for 20 trucks and trailers.

White sucker
The white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) is a species of freshwater cypriniform fish inhabiting the upper Midwest and Northeast in North America, but it is also found as far south as Georgia and as far west as New Mexico. The fish is commonly known as a "sucker" due to its fleshy, papillose lips that suck up organic matter and aufwuchs from the bottom of rivers and streams.

Other common names for the white sucker include bay fish, brook sucker, common sucker, and mullet. The white sucker is often confused with the longnose sucker (C. catostomus), because they look very similar.
Chuard
Chuard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alain Chuard (fl. from 1994), Swiss entrepreneur and snowboarder

Ernest Chuard (1857–1942), Swiss politician

Léo Chuard (born 1998), Swiss ice hockey player

Léo Chuard
Léo Chuard is a Swiss former professional ice hockey goaltender who briefly played in the Swiss League (SL). He also appeared in one game with Genève-Servette HC of the National League (NL) during the 2015-16 season.
1985 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team
The 1985 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Emory Bellard, the Bulldogs compiled an overall record of 5–6, with a mark of 0–6 in conference play, and finished in tenth place in the SEC. Head coach Emory Bellard was fired after the season, the Bulldogs' fourth consecutive losing season.

Emory Bellard
Emory Dilworth Bellard (December 17, 1927 – February 10, 2011) was an American college and high school football coach and the inventor of the Wishbone formation. He was the head football coach at Texas A&M University from 1972 to 1978 and at Mississippi State University from 1979 until 1985.

Bellard died on February 10, 2011, after battling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) since the fall of 2010.

Bellard is a member of the Texas Sports Hall of Fame and the Texas High School Sports Hall Of Fame. He also won two National Championships at Texas as the offensive coordinator.
Pierre Delval
Pierre Delval (born May 30, 1960, in Verdun, France) is a French criminologist and forensic scientist, specialized in counterfeiting and counterfeit-crime. He is the President and founder of the Swiss WAITO Foundation, the first nongovernmental organization to deal with the criminal aspect of counterfeiting, contraband and food fraud at an international level. He is the author of several publications on counterfeit consumer goods and fiduciary documents. He is regularly consulted by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the United Nations on the latest issues regarding the convergence between consumer protection and human rights. Often criticized by intellectual property rights protection associations for his alternative policy in the fight against dangerous counterfeiting, Delval's plan of action is still essentially focused on consumer protection as concerns safety and public health, and the defense of states' economic interests and assets.

Counterfeit consumer good
Counterfeit consumer goods are goods illegally made or sold without the brand owner's authorization, often violating trademarks. Counterfeit goods can be found in nearly every industry, from luxury products like designer handbags and watches to everyday goods like electronics and medications. Typically of lower quality, counterfeit goods may pose health and safety risks.

Various organizations have attempted to estimate the size of the global counterfeit market. According to the OECD, counterfeit goods made up approximately 2.5% of global trade in 2019, with an estimated value of $464 billion. Sales of counterfeit and pirated goods are projected to reach €1.67 trillion (approximately $1.89 trillion USD) by 2030.

Despite the illegality of counterfeit goods, many, especially fashion items such as handbags, watches, shoes and sports jerseys, are widely sold worldwide and purchased by both locals and tourists, typically at street markets or through online retailers.
HB-Werkstätten für Keramik
HB-Werkstätten für Keramik GmbH (HB Workshops for Ceramics) in the Brandenburg district of Marwitz was founded by Hedwig Bollhagen (1907–2001) and Heinrich Schild (1895–1978). Hedwig Bollhagen remained artistic director until shortly before her death in 2001.

The HB Workshops produce hand-crafted tableware and sophisticated building ceramics in the former cocklestove factory in Marwitz, which is protected as a listed building. The building ceramics produced by the workshops are used in areas such as the preservation and restoration of historical monuments. Shaped bricks are produced by hand as one-off products or in short series production, in various different formats and profiles. These have been used, for example, in the Friedrichswerder Church and the Rotes Rathaus in Berlin, as well as in the Chorin Abbey and in the Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam.

Friedrichswerder Church
Friedrichswerder Church (German: Friedrichswerdersche Kirche, French: Temple du Werder) was the first Neo-Gothic church built in Berlin, Germany. It was designed by an architect better known for his Neoclassical architecture, Karl Friedrich Schinkel, and was built under his direction from 1824 to 1831.

The building is maintained by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation and is part of the Berlin State Museums' ensemble. In late 2012, the building was closed due to structural damage caused by nearby construction. After extensive restoration work completed in early October 2019, the damage was repaired and exhibitions from the Alte Nationalgalerie (the Old National Gallery) returned. These include a collection of nineteenth-century German sculptures, showing works of Johann Gottfried Schadow, Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Christian Daniel Rauch, among others. On the upper floor is an exhibition of the work and life of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
Geology of Snowdonia National Park
The geology of Snowdonia National Park in North Wales is dominated by sedimentary and volcanic rocks from the Cambrian and Ordovician periods with intrusions of Ordovician and Silurian age. There are Silurian and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks on the park's margins. The succession was intensely faulted and folded during the Caledonian Orogeny. The region was uplifted as the North Atlantic Ocean opened during the Cenozoic.  The current mountainous landscape arises from repeated glaciations during the  Quaternary period.

Tremadog
Tremadog (formerly Tremadoc) is a village in the community of Porthmadog, in Gwynedd, north west Wales; about one mile (1.6 km) north of Porthmadog town centre. It was a planned settlement, founded by William Madocks, who bought the land in 1798. The centre of Tremadog was complete by 1811 and remains substantially unaltered. Tremadog hosted an unofficial National Eisteddfod event in 1872.
Torcuato de Alvear
Torcuato de Alvear y Saenz de la Quintanilla (12 April 1822 – 8 December 1890) was an Argentine conservative politician. He was the son of soldier and statesman Carlos María de Alvear and father of Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, president of Argentina from 1922 to 1928. He was also a Freemason.

In 1880 Buenos Aires was declared the capital city of Argentina, and Torcuato de Alvear served as the first mayor of the city until 1887.  During this period he improved the road and street networks, the water and electricity supply, public transport and street lighting and other public services.

President of Argentina
The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Throughout Argentine history, the office of head of state has undergone many changes, both in its title as in its features and powers. The current president Javier Milei was sworn into office on 10 December 2023. He succeeded Alberto Fernández.

The constitution of Argentina, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, the term of office and the method of election.
Nebahne Yohannes
Nebahne Yohannes claimed the imperial title nəgusä nägäst "King of Kings" of Ethiopia (1709 – July 1710) during the reign of Emperor Tewoflos.

According to E. A. Wallis Budge, he was supported by Satuni Yohannes (who had been involved in the death of the previous Emperor, Tekle Haymanot I, the nephew of Tewoflos) and Mamo. Nebahne was caught in flight at Ebenat, and after having his nose and ears cut off was set free. However, James Bruce states that Nebahne was supported by Tige, a former Ras Bitwoded, who had been imprisoned in Hamasien but managed to escape to his kindred Oromo where he raised an army. Bruce also writes that the decisive battle was fought at Yebaba on 28 March 1709; although the ultimate fate of Nebahne Yohannes is unknown, Tige and his two sons were killed by a peasant who afterwards presented their heads to Emperor Tewoflos.

E. A. Wallis Budge
Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge (27 July 1857 – 23 November 1934) was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East. He made numerous trips to Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan on behalf of the British Museum to buy antiquities, and helped it build its collection of cuneiform tablets, manuscripts, and papyri. He published many books on Egyptology, helping to bring the findings to larger audiences. In 1920, he was knighted for his service to Egyptology and the British Museum.
Saura river
The Saura river is one of the two rivers flowing through Purnia (city). It flows east of main city separating Gulabbagh and Khushkibagh from the main town. It rises in some lowland to the north-west of Jalalgadh and joins the Ganga river in Dilarpur, Katihar. The river flows to the eastern side of the Purnia town.

Katihar
Katihar (Hindi pronunciation: [kəʈɪɦaːr]; Bengali pronunciation: [kaʈihar]), is the tenth largest city in the state of Bihar in India in terms of population, Along with being one of the largest economic, educational and administrative centre in the eastern part of Bihar. The city situated in the eastern bank of Kari Kosi river. It is the  headquarters of Katihar district and Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway. Historically, it was an important metre gauge railway station in the Bengal Presidency that linked North India with the regions of North Bengal and Northeast India. The main railway station of the city is Katihar Junction, a very important railway station on the Guwahati - Barauni railway line.
Casuarina glauca
Casuarina glauca, commonly known as swamp she-oak, swamp buloke, swamp she-oak, marsh sheoak, grey she-oak, grey she-oak, native pine, or guman by the Gadigal people, is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a dioecious tree that often forms root suckers and has fissured and scaly bark, spreading or drooping branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of 12 to 20, the fruit 9–18 mm (0.35–0.71 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 3.5–5.0 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long.

Basal shoot
Basal shoots, root sprouts, adventitious shoots, and suckers are words for various kinds of shoots that grow from adventitious buds on the base of a tree or shrub, or from adventitious buds on its roots. Shoots that grow from buds on the base of a tree or shrub are called basal shoots; these are distinguished from shoots that grow from adventitious buds on the roots of a tree or shrub, which may be called root sprouts or suckers. A plant that produces root sprouts or runners is described as surculose. Water sprouts produced by adventitious buds may occur on the above-ground stem, branches or both of trees and shrubs. Suckers are shoots arising underground from the roots some distance from the base of a tree or shrub.
Beverly Hills railway station
Beverly Hills railway station is a heritage-listed suburban railway station located on the East Hills line, serving the Sydney suburb of Beverly Hills. The station is served by Sydney Trains T8 Airport & South Line services. The station was designed and built by the NSW Government Railways. It was originally known as Dumbleton Railway Station. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 as part of the Beverly Hills Railway Station group structures.

Beverly Hills is the only station on the East Hills line with asymmetrical platforms, as Platform 1 is curved but Platform 2 is straight. It was one of the last stations in Sydney to use Edmondson-style paper tickets.

Rail directions
Rail directions are used to describe train directions on rail systems. The terms used may be derived from such sources as compass directions, altitude directions, or other directions. These directions are often specific to system, country, or region.