hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oeae
Oeae or Oiai (Ancient Greek: Οἶαι) was an ancient town on the island of Rhodes. It was a member of the Delian League since it is mentioned in the records of tributes to ancient Athens for 454/3 BCE, when it paid a phoros of 3,300 drachmae. It is also mentioned in an inscription dated to the first century BCE.

Its site is unlocated, but it has been suggested to be in the territory of Lindus.

Ancient drachma
In ancient Greece, the drachma (Greek: δραχμή, romanized: drachmḗ, [drakʰmέː]; pl. drachmae or drachmas) was an ancient currency unit issued by many city-states during a period of ten centuries, from the Archaic period throughout the Classical period, the Hellenistic period up to the Roman period. The ancient drachma originated in Greece around the 6th century BC. The coin, usually made of silver or sometimes gold had its origins in a bartering system that referred to a drachma as a handful of wooden spits or arrows.  The drachma was unique to each city state that minted them, and were sometimes circulated all over the Mediterranean. The coinage of Athens was considered to be the strongest and became the most popular.
Leo Braudy
Leo Braudy (born June 11, 1941) is and American academic who is University Professor and Professor of English at the University of Southern California, where he teaches 17th- and 18th-century English literature, film history and criticism, and American culture. He has previously taught at Yale, Columbia, and Johns Hopkins University. He is best known for his cultural studies scholarship on celebrity, masculinity, and film, and is frequently sought after for interviews on popular culture, Hollywood cinema, and the American zeitgeist of the 1950s.

Bill Moyers
Billy Don Moyers (June 5, 1934 – June 26, 2025) was an American journalist and political commentator who served as the eleventh White House Press Secretary from 1965 to 1967 during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration. He also served as the de facto White House Chief of Staff for a brief period from 1964 until 1965.

Moyers was a director of the Council on Foreign Relations from 1967 to 1974. He was also a onetime steering committee member of the annual Bilderberg Meeting. Moyers also worked as a network TV news commentator for ten years. Moyers was extensively involved with public broadcasting, producing documentaries and news journal programs, and won many awards and honorary degrees for his investigative journalism and civic activities. He was well known as a trenchant critic of the corporately structured U.S. news media.
Delrae Knutson
Delrae Knutson (also known as Delrae Novak) is a stage actress and singer from Minnesota, USA specializing in musical comedy. She started her career in 1981 and has performed in theaters throughout the United States and Canada, though most of her work has been in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota, USA.

Jamie Farr
Jamie Farr (born Jameel Joseph Farah; July 1, 1934) is an American comedian and actor. He is best known for playing Corporal Maxwell Klinger, a soldier who tried to get discharged from the army by cross-dressing, on the CBS sitcom M*A*S*H. After M*A*S*H, Farr reprised the role of Klinger for AfterMASH and appeared both in small roles on popular shows such as The Love Boat and as a host or panelist on game shows including Battle of the Network Stars. He was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1985.
Lunger (surname)
Lunger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Lunger (20th century), Italian luger

Brett Lunger (born 1945), American racecar driver

Hansjörg Lunger (born 1964), Italian ski mountaineer

Jane du Pont Lunger (1914–2001), American heiress

Tamara Lunger (born 1986), Italian ski mountaineer

Hansjörg Lunger
Hansjörg Lunger (born 4 September 1964) is an Italian ski mountaineer.

Lunger was born  in Karneid. He started ski mountaineering in 1985, competed first in 2003 and was member of the national team after 2006. Lunger is dairyman of the Schutzhaus Latzfonser Kreuz, a mountain hut in the Sarntal Alps. His daughter Tamara is also a competition ski mountaineer.
Los Ángeles, Chile
Los Ángeles (Spanish pronunciation: [los ˈaŋxeles]) is the capital of the province of Bío Bío, in the commune of the same name, in Bío Bío, in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 219.441 inhabitants (census 2024). The municipality ("comuna") of Los Ángeles has the highest absolute rural population of any Chilean municipality.

To the north of the city is Salto del Laja (Laja Falls), and roughly 100 kilometers to the east is the 2,979 meters (9,774 feet) high Antuco volcano, in the Andes mountain range. The city is a gateway for tourists visiting the nearby Laguna del Laja National Park, the location of the volcano.

Los Ángeles is served by María Dolores Airport.

Biobío River
The Biobío River (also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest river in Chile. It originates at Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 kilometres (236 mi) to the Gulf of Arauco (in Spanish) on the Pacific Ocean.

The major tributaries of the river are the Malleco and  the Laja. The river is Chile's second-longest river (the longest being the Loa River) and the Biobío basin is Chile's third largest watershed, after the Loa and Baker basins. The river is also the widest river in Chile, with an average width of 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). In the Metropolitan area of Concepción, four bridges cross the river: Biobío Railroad Bridge (1889), Juan Pablo II Bridge (1973), Llacolén Bridge (2000) and Bicentennial Bridge (2010).
Florian Gamper
Florian Gamper (born 3 August 1999) is an Austrian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Tirol KTM Cycling Team. He rode for the Tirol Cycling Team in the men's team time trial event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships.

His brothers Mario Gamper and Patrick Gamper are also professional cyclists.

2018 UCI Road World Championships – Men's team time trial
The Men's team time trial of the 2018 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took place on 23 September 2018 in Innsbruck, Austria. It was the 34th edition of the championship, and the 7th since its reintroduction for trade teams in 2012. German team Team Sunweb were the defending champions, having won in 2017. 22 teams and 132 riders entered the competition.

The race was won for the first time since 2016 by Quick-Step Floors, finishing 18.46 seconds clear of the defending champions, Team Sunweb, while the BMC Racing Team completed the podium, a further 1.09 seconds in arrears.
Dålk Glacier
Dålk Glacier (69°26′S 76°27′E﻿ / ﻿69.433°S 76.450°E﻿ / -69.433; 76.450) is a glacier, 8 nautical miles (15 km) long, draining into the southeast part of Prydz Bay between the Larsemann Hills and Steinnes. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37), and named by John H. Roscoe in his 1952 study of features in the area as identified in air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47). It was named after Dålk Island lying at the terminus of the glacier.

John H. Roscoe
John Hobart Roscoe (March 23, 1919 - February 23, 2007) was an American geographer, intelligence officer and aerospace engineer. He is best known for his work with Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill, for which there was a glacier named after him.
Desmomyia
Desmomyia is a genus of snipe flies of the family Rhagionidae. They have the antennal scape elongated, longer than the pedicel, and the male hind first tarsomere enlarged. Desmomyia are mid-sized flies  of about 5 to 7 mm and of grey, black, or brownish colour and the legs have some yellow or dark brown to black.

Petiole (insect anatomy)
In entomology, petiole is the narrow waist of some hymenopteran insects, especially ants, bees, and wasps in the suborder Apocrita.
The petiole can consist of either one or two segments, a characteristic that separates major subfamilies of ants.
William Obront
William Obront (27 March 1924 – 12 October 2017), better known as "Obie", was a Canadian-American gangster and the principal money launderer for the Cotroni family of Montreal, often described as being the "Canadian Meyer Lansky".

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
1937 New Year Honours
The 1937 New Year Honours were appointments by King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the United Kingdom and British Empire. They were the first honours of George VI's reign and were announced on 29 January 1937.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
Tait–Ervin House
The Tait–Ervin House, also known as Countryside, is a historic plantation house near Camden, Alabama.  The two-story wood-frame house was built in 1855 for Robert Tait by a builder named Henry Cook.  Robert was the grandson of Charles Tait, a United States Senator from Georgia.  The plantation was acquired after the American Civil War by Robert Tait's sister, Sarah Asbury Tait Ervin, and her husband, Dr. Robert Hugh Ervin.  Dr. Ervin served in both houses of the Alabama Legislature and was elected President Pro Tem of the state senate in 1872.  The house remained in the Ervin family until 1991, when it was sold to the Phillipi family.  The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1995.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
RNLI College
The RNLI College (formerly known as the Lifeboat College) is the national training centre of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in Poole, Dorset, England. It opened in 2004 to provide training for lifeboat crews and shore crews. In addition to training facilities, it includes hotel rooms,  a restaurant and bar which are open to other organisations and the public.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Jishūkan
Jishūkan was the Han school of Kumamoto, Japan existing between 1755 and 1870. It was established by Hosokawa Shigekata, the 6th Hosokawa clan daimyō of Higo Province, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, inside Kumamoto Castle and this school is known for producing many noted scholars such as Yokoi Shounan, Inoue Kowashi and Kitasato Shibasaburo.

Yokoi Shōnan
Yokoi Shōnan (横井 小楠) (born Yokoi Tokiari; September 22, 1809 – February 15, 1869) was a Bakumatsu and early Meiji period scholar and political reformer in Japan, influential around the fall of the Tokugawa bakufu.
Garth April
Garth Graham April (born (1991-07-16)16 July 1991) is a South African rugby union player who most recently played for the NTT Communications Shining Arcs in the Top League in Japan. His regular position is fullback, but he can also play as a fly-half or centre.

Urayasu D-Rocks
Urayasu D-Rocks, commonly known as the D-Rocks, or the Shining Arcs, is a rugby union team owned by NTT Communications and is part of Japan's Rugby League One competition, currently in Division 1. Given the name, the team is based in Urayasu City, Chiba Prefecture in the Kantō region. The team has undergone several re-brands throughout its history, most recently in 2022, rebranding from Shining Arcs Tokyo-Bay Urayasu in line with the newly formed Japan Rugby League One competition in 2021/22, to the Urayasu D-Rocks in 2022 onwards.
Sahib Biwi Gulam
Sahib Biwi Gulam (transl. King, Queen and Knave) is an Indian television series aired on Sahara One channel. The series is based on the 1953 Bengali novel Saheb Bibi Golam by Bimal Mitra. The star of the series is Raveena Tandon. The series was shot in Kolkata, West Bengal, and was directed by Amitava Bhattacharya.

Amitabh Bhattacharjee
Amitabh Bhattacharjee (born 15 August 1973) is an Indian actor who works in Bengali and Hindi films. He was born and brought up in Delhi. His Bengali debut film was Rasta, directed by Bratya Basu, with Mithun Chakraborty. He has done many Bengali films & Hindi films as well. Apart from this, he was seen in a Bengali show named Checkmate and currently he portrays the character of Dr. Subhankar Banerjee, the male protagonist of Bikele Bhorer Phool.
Brian Molko
Brian Molko (born 10 December 1972) is a Scottish-American musician who is the lead vocalist, guitarist, and lyricist of the band Placebo. He is known for his nasal voice and high registered vocals, feminine/androgynous appearance, aggressive guitar style and non-standard tunings.

Femininity
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered feminine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent femininity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is conceptually distinct from both the female biological sex and from womanhood, as all humans can exhibit feminine and masculine traits, regardless of sex and gender.

Traits traditionally cited as feminine include gracefulness, gentleness, empathy, humility, and sensitivity, though traits associated with femininity vary across societies and individuals, and are influenced by a variety of social and cultural factors.
Exhi
Exhi (foaled 2007) was sired by Maria's Mon, and his dam was the Group 2-placed stakes winner Soldera (Polish Numbers).  He is a homebred for Wertheimer et Frère and trained by Todd Pletcher.

Exhi broke his maiden on turf at Belmont Park, in his third career start of his two-year-old season.

In his three-year-old season he made a splash giving his trainer his third straight Lexington Stakes on April 17. In his prior start, Exhi gave Pin Oak sires a 1-2 finish in the $100,000 Rushaway Stakes, when he (by Maria's Mon) stubbornly held off Lonesome Street (by Broken Vow) on March 27 at Turfway Park.

To date, Exhi's total earnings are $284,198 and he has been in the money 6 of 8 starts.

Todd Pletcher
Todd Pletcher (born June 26, 1967, in Dallas, Texas) is an American thoroughbred horse trainer.  He won the Eclipse Award eight times as Trainer of the Year, four of these in consecutive years. His horses Super Saver (2010) and Always Dreaming (2017) won the Kentucky Derby. He also won the Belmont Stakes with Rags to Riches (2007), Palace Malice (2013), Tapwrit (2017) and Mo Donegal (2022). He also trained Malathaat who won the 2021 Kentucky Oaks.
Daniel M. Albert
Daniel M. Albert (born December 19, 1936) is an American ophthalmologist, ocular cancer researcher, medical historian, and collector of rare books and ocular equipment. As of 2018, he is Professor of Ophthalmology at the Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.

Eye neoplasm
An eye neoplasm is a rare type of tumor of the eye. Eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye, and can either be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous), in which case it is known as eye cancer. Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) or metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer. Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow.
Scheele (crater)
Scheele is a tiny, bowl-shaped lunar impact crater that lies on the Oceanus Procellarum, to the south of the small crater Wichmann. To the southwest is the flooded crater Letronne. To the southwest of Scheele are several low ridges projecting above the surface of the lunar mare, the Dorsa Ewing.

This crater was named after the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. It was previously designated Letronne D.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Wilhelm Scheele (German: [ˈʃeːlə], Swedish: [ˈɧêːlɛ]; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist.

Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified the elements molybdenum, tungsten, barium, nitrogen, and chlorine, among others. Scheele discovered organic acids tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids. He preferred speaking German to Swedish his whole life, as German was commonly spoken among Swedish pharmacists.
Alifakovac
Alifakovac (Cyrillic: Алифаковац) is a neighbourhood in Babića bašća local community, municipality of Stari Grad, Sarajevo. As one of the oldest urban settlements in Sarajevo, it is situated on the spine of the northern end of the slope Trebević, on the lowest hill in the row at the last meander of Miljacka, before it pours out of its narrow canyon. An abandoned village by the road was found in the 15th century by the Ottomans when they conquered Bosnia. It is believed that there was a smaller necropolis of stećci, which with the arrival of Ottomans became again an active cemetery. Today it is one of the biggest and most beautiful cemeteries in Sarajevo.

Stari Grad, Sarajevo
Stari Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Град, pronounced [stâːriː grâːd]; lit. "Old Town") is a municipality of the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the oldest and most historically significant part of Sarajevo. At its heart is the Baščaršija, the old town market sector where the city was founded by Ottoman general Isa-Beg Ishaković in the 15th century.
Art in Defence of Humanism
Aidoh is a shortening for Art In Defence Of Humanism. AIDOH was created by the Danish artist Jens Galschiot as a group focusing on the inhuman treatment of people in different countries related to political, religious or economic interests. The group has with several occasions started a public debate about the individual countries overconsumption or governments repressive treatment of its own people.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Lower Coombe and Ferne Brook Meadows
Lower Coombe and Ferne Brook Meadows (grid reference ST916236) is an 11.34 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, England which sits on the Upper Greensand and Gault Clay. The site is home to rare fen meadow and neutral grassland communities in an unimproved grassland. Species such as Triglochin palustris, Caltha palustris and Oenanthe pimpinelloides can be found at the location. Three streams, which form headwaters of the River Nadder flow through the site. It was  notified in 2002.

Triglochin palustris
Triglochin palustris or marsh arrowgrass is a species of flowering plant in the arrowgrass family Juncaginaceae. It is found in damp grassland usually on calcareous soils, fens and meadows. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It can be found locally in the British Isles especially the north.
Neena Schwartz
Neena Betty Schwartz (December 10, 1926 – April 15, 2018) was an American endocrinologist and William Deering Professor of Endocrinology Emerita in the Department of Neurobiology at Northwestern University. She was best known for her work on female reproductive biology and the regulation of hormonal signaling pathways, particularly for the discovery of the signaling hormone inhibin. Schwartz was an active feminist advocate for women in science throughout her career; she was a founding member of the Association for Women in Science organization in 1971 and shared the founding presidency with Judith Pool. She also co-founded the Women in Endocrinology group under the auspices of the Endocrine Society, served terms as the president of the Endocrine Society and the Society for the Study of Reproduction, and was recognized for her exceptional mentorship of women scientists. In 2010, she published a memoir of her life in science, A Lab of My Own, in which she came out as lesbian.

Reproductive biology
Reproductive biology includes both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Reproductive biology includes a wide number of fields:

Reproductive systems

Endocrinology

Sexual development (Puberty)

Sexual maturity

Reproduction

Fertility
Bunkyo University
35°54′17.8″N 139°46′25.2″E﻿ / ﻿35.904944°N 139.773667°E﻿ / 35.904944; 139.773667

Bunkyo University (文教大学, Bunkyō Daigaku) is a private university located in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan, with campuses in Saitama and Kanagawa Prefecture.

The kanji of the word "Bunkyo" mean education and learning. The university offers courses mainly in education and research of the cultural and social sciences, and is well known for its teacher training.  Previously the school was a girls' school called Rissho Women's University; when it became coeducational in 1976 its name was changed to Bunkyo University.

The university is an establishment of the Legal Educational Foundation, Bunkyo University Institute. There are two campuses: the Koshigaya Campus located in the city of Koshigaya, Saitama; and the Shonan Campus located in the city of Chigasaki, Kanagawa. Dormitories for both campuses are located in Kiyosato, Takane-town, Kitakoma district, Yamanashi Prefecture.

Teacher education
Teacher education or teacher training refers to programs, policies, procedures, and provision designed to equip (prospective) teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, approaches, methodologies and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the classroom, school, and wider community. The professionals who engage in training the prospective teachers are called teacher educators (or, in some contexts, teacher trainers).

There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities. The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground, at least in the U.S., to 'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner). The two major components of teacher education are in-service teacher education and pre-service teacher education.