hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Dubbo Gaol
The Old Dubbo Gaol is a heritage-listed former gaol and now museum and tourist attraction at 90 Macquarie Street, Dubbo in the Dubbo Region local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The gaol was designed by the NSW Colonial Architect's Office and was built from 1847 to 1945 by James Atkinson Jnr (1862–63) and William Bonython Moffatt (1871 and 1874). The gaol was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 26 March 2004. It was the second gaol in Dubbo, replacing lock-ups built in 1847 and 1862.

When closed, the Government of New South Wales planned its demolition and replacement with a multi-storey office block. Protests led by the then Dubbo City Council and local historical society led to the plans being dropped. In 1973 the building was transferred from the NSW Department for Corrections to the city council, with the intention of restoration and creation of a tourist attraction.

New South Wales Government Architect
The New South Wales Government Architect, an appointed officer of the Government of New South Wales, serves as the General Manager of the Government Architect's Office (GAO), a multi-disciplinary consultancy operating on commercial principles providing architecture, design, and engineering services, that is an agency of the government within NSW Public Works.

Historically, the government architect was in charge of the government's public building projects across the state of New South Wales, Australia. Since the 1990s, when the consultancy service began operating on commercial principles, the Government Architect has reported separately in a second capacity, as an advisor to the government, and serves on various committees and boards in relation to heritage protection, architecture, and design.

The first officer in the role, then styled Colonial Architect, was Francis Greenway, appointed in 1816.
Harry Matthew
Henry Moram Matthew (16 April 1870 – 19 February 1956) was a Scottish footballer who played as a wing half in the English Football League for Bolton Wanderers and Preston North End. He also played in the Scottish League for Dundee, in the Southern League for Millwall Athletic and Watford, in the Irish League for Distillery, and in English non-league football for Darlington and Gravesend United. He played representative football for both the Southern League and Irish League teams.

Gravesend United F.C.
Gravesend United Football Club was a football club based in Gravesend, Kent. The club evolved from the Gravesend Football Club and was initially founded in 1893. It disbanded on two occasions in 1902 and 1914 and subsequent reformed in 1903 and 1931. It finally dissolved in 1946 when it amalgamated with Northfleet United to form Gravesend & Northfleet F.C.
Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres sprint event at the 1952 Olympic Games took place between July 24 and July 25. Seventy-one athletes from 35 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.11 seconds by George Rhoden of Jamaica, the second consecutive title in the event by a Jamaican. Herb McKenley repeated his silver medal performance from 1948, becoming the second man to win two medals in the event (after Guy Butler of Great Britain in 1920 and 1924).

Ollie Matson
Ollie Genoa Matson II (May 1, 1930 – February 19, 2011) was an American Olympic medal winning sprinter and professional football player. He played as a halfback and return specialist in the National Football League (NFL) from 1952 to 1966 primarily for the Chicago Cardinals and the Los Angeles Rams. He played college football for the San Francisco Dons and was selected by the Cardinals in the first round (third overall) of the 1952 NFL draft.

Matson was named an NFL first team All-Pro seven times and selected to the Pro Bowl six times during the course of his professional career. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1972, and later included in the NFL's 1950s all-decade team during the league's 100th anniversary celebration.
Aulacostephanidae
Aulacostephanidae is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod family belonging to the superfamily Perisphinctoidea. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived during the Upper Jurassic period, from the Oxfordian to Tithonian ages.

Tithonian
In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 149.2 ±0.7 Ma and 143.1 ±0.6 (million years ago). It is preceded by the Kimmeridgian and followed by the Berriasian (part of the Cretaceous).
1986 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1986 Tour of the Basque Country was the 26th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 7 April to 11 April 1986. The race started in Antzuola and finished in Andoain. The race was won by Sean Kelly of the Kas team.

Tour of the Basque Country
The Tour of the Basque Country (Officially: Itzulia Basque Country) is an annual road cycling stage race held in the Spanish Basque Country in April. It is one of the races that make up the UCI World Tour calendar. As the Basque Country is a mountainous area, there are few flat stages, and thus the event favors those who are strong climbers. The race is characterized by its short stages, rarely exceeding 200 km, and steep ascents. While the ascents featured in the race are not particularly high compared to other stage races, they are among the steepest seen in professional cycling, some having sections with gradients reaching well above 20%.
Nawojów Śląski
Nawojów Śląski (Polish pronunciation: [naˈvɔjuf ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi]) (German: Schlesisch Haugsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubań, within Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Akka, Morocco
Akka (Berber languages: ⴰⵇⵇⴰ, Arabic: أقّا, romanized: aqqa) is a town in Tata Province, Souss-Massa, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it had a population of 7,102. It contains old buildings such as the Mohaddin (locally known as Lalla Baitollah) building in Kasabat-sidi Abdellah Ben M'Bark.

Akka may be the same as Vakka where, according to some traditions, the first Jews who migrated to Morocco settled.
The city name means Dates in Tamazight.

Souss-Massa
Souss-Massa (Arabic: سوس ماسة, romanized: sūs māssa) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 51,642 km2 and had a population of 3,020,431 as of the 2024 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Agadir.
Anton Arensky
Anton Stepanovich Arensky (Russian: Анто́н Степа́нович Аре́нский; 12 July [O.S. 30 June] 1861 – 25 February [O.S. 12 February] 1906) was a Russian composer of Romantic classical music, a pianist and a professor of music.

Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic, and literary movement that became prominent in Western culture from about 1798 until 1837.

Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art, and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry, super-natural elements, or the fine arts. It included features such as increased chromaticism and moved away from traditional forms.
Vieux Carré (play)
Vieux Carré (1977) is a play by Tennessee Williams. Referring to the French term for the French Quarter, it is a semi-autobiographical play set in New Orleans. Although he began writing the play shortly after moving to New Orleans from St. Louis in 1938, Williams did not complete it for nearly 40 years.

Drawing on earlier writings, Williams wrote most of the play in 1976. He prepared revisions for its New York premiere in 1977 and for two productions in England in 1978. The revised text was published by New Directions in 1979.

New Directions Publishing
New Directions Publishing Corp. is an independent book publishing company that was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin (1914–1997) and incorporated in 1964. Its offices are located at 80 Eighth Avenue in New York City.
Garh Raipur High School (Higher Secondary)
Garh Raipur High School (Higher Secondary) is a high school located in Raipur, Bankura, on the bank of the Kangsabati River.

The school was established in 1937 but didn't start offering higher secondary education until 2009.

Kangsabati River
Kangsabati River (Pron:/ˌkæŋsəˈbɑːtɪ/) (also variously known as the Kãsai and Cossye) rises from the Chota Nagpur plateau in the state of West Bengal, India and passes through the districts of Purulia, Bankura, Jhargram, Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur in West Bengal before draining in the Bay of Bengal.
Henry Russell (athlete)
Henry Argue Russell (December 15, 1904 – November 9, 1986) was an American track and field athlete, winner of the gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

A Cornell University student, Henry Russell won the IC4A championships in 100 yd (91 m) in 1926 and in 220 yd (200 m) in 1925 and 1926. Russell was elected to the Sphinx Head Society during his senior year.

At the Amsterdam Olympics, Russell reached the semifinals in 100 m and ran the anchoring leg in the American 4 × 100 m relay team, which equalled the world record of 41.0 s, in the final.

Henry Russell died at 81 in West Chester, Pennsylvania.

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
Esau Thoms
Esau Edward Thoms (1926–1979) was a labour organizer and political leader in Newfoundland and Labrador. Thoms was born in 1926 in St. Thomas, Newfoundland and Labrador and worked for the Newfoundland Railway and then Canadian National Railway from 1943 until 1966. He became chairman of the Brotherhood of Railway and Airline Clerks in 1966 and also served as president of the Newfoundland Federation of Labour from 1960 to 1968.

Thoms was a founding member of the Newfoundland Democratic Party in the late 1950s which merged with the Newfoundland Co-operative Commonwealth Federation to become the Newfoundland New Democratic Party. Thoms was twice a CCF candidate and once an NDP candidate in  St. John's West for the 1957, 1958, and 1965 federal elections and was the interim leader of the provincial NDP from 1966 to 1970.

Newfoundland Railway
The Newfoundland Railway was a narrow-gauge railway that operated on the island of Newfoundland from 1898 to 1988. With a total track length of 906 miles (1,458 km), it was the longest 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge system in North America.
Soup for One (film)
Soup for One is a 1982 American sex comedy film directed and written by Jonathan Kaufer and produced by Marvin Worth. While the film was a box-office failure (mostly due to mixed reviews over its gratuitous sex scenes, including one involving S&M), it is best remembered for its soundtrack, which was produced by Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards of the group Chic, who performed the title track.

Bernard Edwards
Bernard Edwards (October 31, 1952 – April 18, 1996) was an American bassist and record producer, known primarily for his work in disco with musician Nile Rodgers, with whom he co-founded Chic. In 2017, Edwards was selected as the 53rd greatest bassist of all time by Bass Player magazine.
Montursi
Montursi  (Mendurse in Bari dialect, or Murgia, as the whole region is commonly called) is a frazione or section of the comune of Gioia del Colle, in the Province of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. It has approximately 700 inhabitants.

The neighbouring settlements are Castellaneta, Laterza, Mottola (all in the Province of Taranto), Matera (in the Province of Matera) and Santeramo in Colle (in Bari).

Santeramo in Colle
Santeramo in Colle (Santermano: Sanderm) is a town in the Metropolitan City of Bari and region of Apulia, southern Italy.

Its current name comes from St Erasmus, martyr of the Diocletian era and patron saint of the city who, according to legend, is responsible for its founding.
Seiberg–Witten flow
In differential geometry, the Seiberg–Witten flow is a gradient flow described by the Seiberg–Witten equations, hence a method to describe a gradient descent of the Seiberg–Witten action functional. Simply put, the Seiberg–Witten flow is a path always going in the direction of steepest descent, similar to the path of a ball rolling down a hill. This helps to find critical points, called (Seiberg–Witten) monopoles, which solve the Seiberg–Witten equations. Illustratively, they are the points on the hill on which the ball can rest.

The Seiberg–Witten flow is named after Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten, who first formulated the underlying Seiberg–Witten theory in 1994.

Edward Witten
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Witten is a researcher in string theory, quantum gravity, supersymmetric quantum field theories, and other areas of mathematical physics. Witten's work has also significantly impacted pure mathematics. In 1990, he became the first physicist to be awarded a Fields Medal by the International Mathematical Union, for his mathematical insights in physics, such as his 1981 proof of the positive energy theorem in general relativity, and his interpretation of the Jones invariants of knots as Feynman integrals. He is considered the practical founder of M-theory.
Château de Chaumont
The Château de Chaumont (French pronunciation: [ʃɑto də ʃomɔ̃]), officially Château de Chaumont-sur-Loire, is a castle (château) in Chaumont-sur-Loire, Centre-Val de Loire, France. The castle was founded in the 10th century by Odo I, Count of Blois. After Pierre d'Amboise rebelled against Louis XI, the king ordered the castle's destruction. Later in the 15th century Château de Chaumont was rebuilt by Charles I d'Amboise. Protected as a monument historique since 1840, the château was given into state ownership in 1938 and is now open to the public.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
James A. Garfield Monument (Philadelphia)
The James A. Garfield Monument is a monument honoring the 20th president of the United States in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens and architect Stanford White collaborated on the memorial, which was completed in 1896. It is located in Fairmount Park, along Kelly Drive, near the Girard Avenue Bridge.

Girard Avenue
Girard Avenue is a major commercial and residential street in Philadelphia. For most of its length it runs east–west, but at Frankford Avenue it makes a 135-degree turn north. Parts of the road are signed as U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 30.
Nemichand
Nemichand Jain was an Indian politician from the state of the Madhya Pradesh. He represented Mahasamund Vidhan Sabha constituency of undivided Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by winning General election of 1957, mostly known for his industrial reforms in town.

Mahasamund Assembly constituency
Mahasamund is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh state in India. It is in Mahasamund district and is a part of Mahasamund Lok Sabha constituency.

Previously, Mahasamund was part of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, until the state of Chhattisgarh was created in 2000.
Perry–Robertson formula
The Perry–Robertson formula is a mathematical formula which is able to produce a good approximation of buckling loads in long slender columns or struts, and is the basis for the buckling formulation adopted in EN 1993.  
The formula in question can be expressed in the following form:

with

where:

is the average longitudinal stress in the beam's cross section

is the material's elastic limit

is the average tension measured in the cross section which correspond to the beam's Euler load

the amplitude of the initial geometrical imperfection

distance from the cross section's centroid to the section's most stressed fiber

the section's radius of gyration

Robertson then proposed that , where  represents the beam's slenderness.

Strut
A strut is a structural component commonly found in engineering, aeronautics, architecture and anatomy. Struts generally work by resisting longitudinal compression, but they may also serve in tension.

A stay is sometimes used as a synonym for strut, but some sources distinguish that struts are braces for holding compressive forces apart, while stays are braces for keeping stretching forces together.
All About Adam (TV series)
All About Adam is a Filipino comedy television series created by Julius Roden. It aired on IBC from 31 October 2010 to May 2011. The series focuses on four young men, Jeremy, Drew, Josh and Paulo, who live together and deal with their respective careers while maneuvering their lives as each experiences ambition, betrayal, secrecy, money, fame, and sex.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Paradise Island Lost
"Paradise Island Lost" is the name of a two-part story arc written by Phil Jimenez and George Pérez, featured in Wonder Woman (Vol. 2) #168–169. The story's name is derived from the epic poem Paradise Lost by John Milton.

Phil Jimenez
Phil Jimenez (born July 12, 1970) is an American comics artist and writer known for his work as writer/artist on Wonder Woman from 2000 to 2003, as one of the five pencilers of the 2005–2006 miniseries Infinite Crisis, his collaborations with writer Grant Morrison on New X-Men and The Invisibles, and his artistry for his 2021 critically acclaimed partnership with writer Kelly Sue DeConnick on Wonder Woman Historia: The Amazons.
18th Game Developers Choice Awards
The 18th Game Developers Choice Awards was an award ceremony honoring outstanding achievements by game developers and video games released in 2017. The event took place on March 21, 2018, at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California and was hosted by Robin Hunicke. It was held alongside the Independent Games Festival awards.

Moscone Center
The George R. Moscone Convention Center (/mɒsˈkoʊni/), popularly known as the Moscone Center, is the largest convention and exhibition complex in San Francisco, California, United States. The complex consists of three main halls spread out across three blocks and 87 acres (35 ha) in the South of Market neighborhood. The convention center originally opened in 1981. It is named after former San Francisco mayor George Moscone, who was assassinated in November 1978.
Roger Temam
Roger Meyer Temam (born 19 May 1940) is a French mathematician and Professor Emeritus of Mathematics working in the fields of numerical analysis, nonlinear partial differential equations and fluid mechanics. He is known for his contributions to the theory of the Navier–Stokes equations and to numerical analysis. He has published over 400 articles, as well as 12 (authored or co-authored) books. The influence of Roger Temam in the development of applied mathematics in France, as well as all over the world, has been essential. His scientific aura and influence can also be measured in the number of doctoral theses which were written under his guidance, both in France and in the United States. According to the Mathematics Genealogy Project, Temam has also supervised 127 doctoral theses,  the second-highest number supervised by an individual in the field of mathematics. He has a total of 654 mathematical "descendants," including Denis Serre.

Nonlinear partial differential equation
In mathematics and physics, a nonlinear partial differential equation is a partial differential equation with nonlinear terms. They describe many different physical systems, ranging from gravitation to fluid dynamics, and have been used in mathematics to solve problems such as the Poincaré conjecture and the Calabi conjecture. They are difficult to study: almost no general techniques exist that work for all such equations, and usually each individual equation has to be studied as a separate problem.

The distinction between a linear and a nonlinear partial differential equation is usually made in terms of the properties of the operator that defines the PDE itself.
Chips Fire
The 2012 Chips Fire was a large wildfire in California's Plumas County. After igniting on July 29, the fire burned for 33 days and spread to 75,431 acres (30,526 hectares), or more than 118 square miles (310 square kilometres), before it was fully contained on August 31. In the process it became the second-largest fire of California's 2012 wildfire season after the Rush Fire in Lassen County.

The Chips Fire burned in the northern Sierra Nevada, primarily impacting Plumas National Forest and private timberlands. While the fire threatened nearby communities, such as Belden and Prattville, it only destroyed nine structures. The cost of the firefighting effort was estimated at $55 million. The fire started directly adjacent to the Pacific Crest Trail and was determined to have been human-caused.

Plumas County, California
Plumas County (/ˈpluːməs/ ⓘ) is a county located in the Sierra Nevada of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,790. The county seat is Quincy, and the only incorporated city is Portola. The largest community in the county is East Quincy. The county was named for the Spanish Río de las Plumas (the Feather River), which flows through it. It is also the namesake of a native moth species, Hadena plumasata.