hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castra, Tasmania
Castra is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Central Coast in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of the town of Ulverstone. The 2021 census recorded a population of 41 for Castra.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Tommy Wind
Tommy Wind is a magician from Staten Island in New York City. He has performed in many of his own original shows, combining illusion with rock and roll music, in New York City, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Las Vegas, Nevada.

Tommy began his career when he was only 7 after his grandfather introduced him to magic by showing him the disappearing hanky trick. He has appeared in TV shows including Criss Angel's "Mindfreak" and NBC's "I Do!", and also performed in the Masters of Illusion Live show at Bally’s Hotel and Casino, and in 25 episodes of the TV counterpart.

In 2009, Wind received an award for Best Teen Magician from the World Magic Awards. In 2016, Wind won the Merlin Award for Best Family Friendly Magic Show in the World.

As of 2019, Wind is performing at the Oyo Hotel & Casino near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.

Oyo Hotel & Casino
Oyo Hotel & Casino is a casino hotel near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned by Highgate and Oyo Hotels & Homes, and its casino is operated by Paragon Gaming. It is located east of the Strip and next to the former site of the Tropicana resort. The hotel has 696 rooms with a 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) casino.

The property originally opened on July 26, 1973, as a Howard Johnson's hotel. Since then, it has changed ownership and names several times, most recently operating as the Hotel San Remo (1989–2006) and the Hooters Casino Hotel (2006–2019), the latter in partnership with the Hooters restaurant chain. The hotel includes the original 10-story tower and an 18-story addition added in 1991.
2004 California Proposition 61
Proposition 61 was a California ballot proposition on the November 2, 2004 ballot.  It passed with 6,629,095 (58.3%) votes in favor and 4,750,309 (41.7%) against. The proposition was the result of an initiative and authorized the sale of $750 million in bonds to provide funding for children's hospitals. It was officially known as the Children's Hospital Bond Act of 2004.

70–80%

60–70%

50–60%

60–70%

50–60%

Children's hospital
A children's hospital (CH) is a hospital that offers its services exclusively to infants, children, adolescents, and young adults from birth up to until age 18, and through age 21 and older in the United States. In certain special cases, they may also treat adults. The number of children's hospitals proliferated in the 20th century, as pediatric medical and surgical specialties separated from internal medicine and adult surgical specialties.
Thomas Sherwin
Thomas Sherwin (July 11, 1839 – December 19, 1914) was an American Civil War general and executive. He was the son of educator Thomas Sherwin, master of the English High School of Boston. The younger Sherwin taught in Dedham, Massachusetts before the war. He enlisted in the 22nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in 1861 as a lieutenant.

He was wounded at the Battle of Gaines' Mill on June 27, 1862. On April 3, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Sherwin for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, United States Volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, for distinguished gallantry at the Battle of Gettysburg and for gallant and meritorious services during the war, The U.S. Senate confirmed the award on May 18, 1866.

United States Volunteers
United States Volunteers (also called U.S. Volunteers, U.S. Volunteer Army, among other variations) were military volunteers called upon during wartime to help the United States Army. They were separate from the Regular Army and the militia.

Until the Militia Act of 1903, the land forces of the United States were divided into three organizations:

The Regular Army, which was the permanent military establishment of the United States in peace and war.

The militia of states and territories, when called into the service of the United States.

Volunteer forces that the Congress of the United States authorized to be organized for a limited time period as an adjunct to the Regular Army in time of emergencies.
Zachariah Allen
Zachariah Allen (September 15, 1795 – March 17, 1882) was an American textile manufacturer, scientist, lawyer, writer, inventor and civil leader from Providence, Rhode Island. He was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Brown University, where he graduated in 1813.

Allen became a textile manufacturer and, in 1822, constructed a woolen mill in which he incorporated innovative fire-safety features and his own mechanical improvements. He also built the first hot-air furnace system for the heating of homes.  In 1833 he patented his best-known device, the automatic cut-off valve for steam engines.

He founded the Manufacturers’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company in 1835, the forerunner of the present day insurance company FM Global.

Allen was also a prolific writer of scientific texts and wrote numerous books and articles during his lifetime.

Rhode Island Historical Society
The Rhode Island Historical Society is a privately endowed membership organization, founded in 1822, dedicated to collecting, preserving, and sharing the history of Rhode Island. Its offices are located in Providence, Rhode Island.
Gospel of the Saviour
The Gospel of the Saviour is a fragmentary Coptic text from an otherwise unknown gospel that has joined the New Testament apocrypha. It consists of a fragmentary fire-damaged  parchment codex that was acquired by the Egyptian Museum of Berlin in 1961 (accessioned as Papyrus Berolinensis 22220). Its nature was only discovered in 1991, when it came round to being described (the sheer number of similar manuscripts being described causing the 30-year delay), and was revealed in a 1996 lecture by Charles W. Hedrick.

Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By 400 AD many of the written works intended for preservation in these regions had been transferred from papyrus to parchment. Vellum is a type of fine-quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves.

The generic term animal membrane is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum.
Coombs Quarry
Coombs Quarry is a 0.5 hectare Local Nature Reserve east of Buckingham. It is owned and managed by Buckinghamshire County Council.

This very small site has geological, botanical and archaeological interest. It was disused for almost a century before being opened to the public in 1993. It had lime kilns in the Roman period, and was used for quarrying building stone and rock for lime burning until the end of the nineteenth century. It exposes Jurassic Blisworth Clay, probably laid down in shallow brackish water.

There is access by a footpath from the Thornborough Bridge car park on the A421 road.

Buckingham
Buckingham (/ˈbʌkɪŋəm/ BUK-ing-əm) is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Central Milton Keynes, 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Banbury, and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Oxford.

Buckingham was the county town of Buckinghamshire from the 10th century, when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham, until Aylesbury took over this role in the 18th century.

Buckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a market town. Britain's first private university, the University of Buckingham, is based here.
Gavin Marshall
Gavin Mark Marshall (born 25 March 1960) is a former Australian politician, who was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian Senate from July 2002 until June 2019, representing the state of Victoria.

Marshall was born in Melbourne and was an electrician and official with the Electrical Trades Union before entering politics.

On 7 July 2014, Marshall was elected Deputy President of the Senate, serving in that position until 9 May 2016.

Electrical Trades Union of Australia
The Electrical Trades Union of Australia (ETU) is an Australian trade union.

The ETU is a division of the Communications, Electrical and Plumbing Union (CEPU), and is the largest of the three divisions. Under State Government laws, the union often exists as a separately registered union.
338th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 338th Rifle Division was first formed in September 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Penza. This formation took part in the early stages of the winter counteroffensive and made gains in the direction of Vyazma before being cut off behind German lines in February and largely destroyed by May. The division was formed again in June, once again in the Western Front, and proved itself a stolid and reliable unit in the often frustrating battles east and west of Smolensk and into the Baltic states over the next two and a half years. After taking part in the conquest of East Prussia in 1945, the 338th, along with the rest of its 39th Army, was railed all the way to the far east to join in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August.

Western Front (Soviet Union)
The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.

The Western Front was created on 22 June 1941 from the Western Special Military District (which before July 1940 was known as Belorussian Special Military District). The first Front Commander was Dmitry Pavlov (continuing from his position as District Commander since June 1940).

The western boundary of the Front in June 1941 was 470 km (290 mi) long, from the southern border of Lithuania to the Pripyat River and the town of Włodawa. It connected with the adjacent North-Western Front, which extended from the Lithuanian border to the Baltic Sea, and the Southwestern Front in Ukraine.
Koottu (film)
Koottu (transl. Companionship) is a 2004 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Jayaprakash. The movie was produced by Asharaf Liwa, Faisal Babu and Muneer K. under the banner of Liwa Films International. The film stars Richard Rishi, Aravind Akash, Sai Kumar, Manoj K. Jayan and Thilakan. The film was shot in St. Josephs Devigiri College, Kozhikode and Government Engineering College, Thrissur.

Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)
Sai Kumar, also credited as Saikumar, is an Indian actor who appears in Malayalam films. He is the son of Malayalam actor late Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair. He appears in both positive and negative roles. He notably plays the hero role in Ramji Rao Speaking, and the villain in Makkal Mahatmyam.
Jardwadjali
The Jardwadjali (Yartwatjali), also known as the Jaadwa, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Victoria, whose traditional lands occupy the lands in the upper Wimmera River watershed east to Gariwerd (Grampians) and west to Lake Bringalbert.

Hamilton, Victoria
Hamilton is a city in south-western Victoria, Australia, at the intersection of the Glenelg Highway and the Henty Highway. The Hamilton Highway connects it to Geelong.

Hamilton is in the federal Division of Wannon, and is in the Southern Grampians local government area.

Hamilton claims to be the "Wool Capital of the World", based on its strong historical links to sheep grazing which continue today. The city uses the tagline "Greater Hamilton: one place, many possibilities".
Entropy estimation
In various science/engineering applications, such as independent component analysis, image analysis, genetic analysis, speech recognition, manifold learning, and time delay estimation it is useful to estimate the differential entropy of a system or process, given some observations.

The simplest and most common approach uses histogram-based estimation, but other approaches have been developed and used, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. The main factor in choosing a method is often  a trade-off between the bias and the variance of the estimate, although the nature of the (suspected) distribution of the data may also be a factor, as well as the sample size and the size of the alphabet of the probability distribution.

Genetic analysis
Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology. There are a number of applications that are developed from this research, and these are also considered parts of the process. The base system of analysis revolves around general genetics. Basic studies include identification of genes and inherited disorders. This research has been conducted for centuries on both a large-scale physical observation basis and on a more microscopic scale.
Genetic analysis can be used generally to describe methods both used in and resulting from the sciences of genetics and molecular biology, or to applications resulting from this research.

Genetic analysis may be done to identify genetic/inherited disorders and also to make a differential diagnosis in certain somatic diseases such as cancer. Genetic analyses of cancer include detection of mutations, fusion genes, and DNA copy number changes.
Wilhelm Helfer
Wilhelm Helfer (26 December 1886 – 15 August 1954) was a German member of the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Nazi Party's paramilitary organization, who became an SA-Obergruppenführer. For many years, he served as the commander of the SA-Gruppe Hochland in the Party's stronghold in Bavaria, and then led the Party's Reich Quartermaster Office during the Second World War. He was also a Nazi Party politician who served in the Landtag of Bavaria and the Reichstag.

Quartermaster
Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land armies, a quartermaster is an officer or enlisted soldier who supervises logistics and requisitions, manages stores or barracks, and distributes supplies and provisions. In many navies, a quartermaster is a seaman or petty officer with responsibility for navigation and operation of the helm of a ship.

The term appears to derive from the title of a German royal official, the Quartiermeister. This term meant "master of quarters" (where "quarters" refers to lodging or accommodation). Alternatively, it could have been derived from "master of the quarterdeck" where the helmsman and captain controlled the ship.  The term's first use in English was as a naval term, which entered English in the 15th century via the equivalent French and Dutch naval titles quartier-maître and kwartier-meester, respectively. The term began to refer to army officers in English around 1600.
David Howie (footballer)
David Howie (15 July 1886 – 1930) was a Scottish professional footballer who played mainly as an inside left.

Born in Galston, East Ayrshire, he started his career in his hometown with Galston Athletic in the junior leagues. He later moved to Kilmarnock before moving to England to sign for Bradford Park Avenue on a free transfer at the start of the 1911–12 season. Howie continued to play for the club for the next 14 seasons, although he missed four years of his career due to the First World War. His brother James was also a footballer who played for Kilmarnock, as well as for Newcastle United and Scotland.

Galston, East Ayrshire
Galston (Lowland Scots: Gauston, Scottish Gaelic: Baile nan Gall) is a town in East Ayrshire, Scotland, which has a population of 4,710
(2022) and is at the heart of the civil parish of the same name.

It is situated in wooded countryside four miles (six kilometres) upriver from Kilmarnock and is one a group of the small towns located in the Irvine Valley between the towns of Hurlford and Newmilns. To the north of the town is the ruin of Loudoun Castle, the site of Loudoun Castle theme park from 1995 to 2010. In 1874 the population was 4,727.
Gabino Diego
Gabino Diego Solís (born 18 September 1966) is a Spanish actor. He was a regular face in 1990s Spanish cinema, featuring in titles such as ¡Ay, Carmela! (1990), The Dumbfounded King (1991), Belle époque (1992), The Worst Years of Our Lives (1994), and A Time for Defiance (1998). In his prime, he was the recipient of several accolades including one Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor and 4 subsequent Goya Award nominations. His big screen career substantially faded in the 2000s.

The Dumbfounded King
The Dumbfounded King (Spanish: El rey pasmado) is a 1991 French-Portuguese-Spanish comedy-historical film directed by Imanol Uribe and written by Joan Potau and Gonzalo Torrente Ballester. The screenplay was based on Torrente's 1989 novel The King Amaz'd.
Fuck (EP)
Fuck is an extended play album by American hard rock band Buckcherry, released on August 19, 2014, on F-Bomb Records. Every song on the EP has the word "Fuck" in their titles, except for the bonus track, a cover of the Aerosmith song "Mama Kin". The song "Say Fuck It" is a cover of the Icona Pop song "I Love It" with modified lyrics. It is their first release with Kelly LeMieux on bass guitar.

Mama Kin
"Mama Kin" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith, which appears on their 1973 self-titled debut album. The song was written by lead singer Steven Tyler. It was a staple of Aerosmith concerts and appeared on several live albums.
Huiyang railway station
Huiyang railway station (Chinese: 惠阳站; pinyin: Huìyáng zhàn) is a railway station located in Huiyang District, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, on the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway operated by the China Railway Guangzhou Group, China Railway Corporation.

China Railway Guangzhou Group
China Railway Guangzhou Group, officially abbreviated as CR Guangzhou or CR-Guangzhou, formerly, Guangzhou Railway (Group) Corporation from 1993 to 2017 and Guangzhou Railway Administration from 1953 to 1993, is a subsidiary company operating under the umbrella of the China Railway Group (formerly the Ministry of Railway). It is responsible for the railway network within Guangdong, Hunan, and Hainan provinces.

Guangzhou Railway is the largest shareholder (37.12%) of Guangshen Railway, the operator of Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway.

Guangzhou Railway is a subsidiary of China Railway. Both companies were incorporated under the Law on Industrial Enterprises, instead of newer Company Law of China.
Alfred Charles Post
Alfred Charles Post (January 13, 1806 – February 7, 1886) was an American surgeon.

Post was born in New York City. He graduated from Columbia College in 1822 and from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1827, studied in Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and London (1827–29).

Post was professor in the Castleton Medical College (of ophthalmic surgery, 1842–44, and of surgery, 1844-51), professor of surgery in New York University (1851–75), emeritus professor (1875–86), and president of the medical faculty (1873–86). He was a fellow of the Academy of Medicine, of which he was president in 1867–68.  Post wrote Observations on the Cure of Stammering (1841). He was an inventor of several surgical instruments and appliances.

In 1831, he married Harriet Beers (1809–1877), daughter of Cyrenius Beers, and had eleven children, one of whom was George Edward Post (1838–1909).

Castleton, Vermont
Castleton is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. Castleton is about 15 miles (24 km) to the west of Rutland, the county's seat and most populous city, and about 7 miles (11 km) east of the New York/Vermont state border. The town had a population of 4,458 at the 2020 census. A campus of Vermont State University is located there, with roots dating to 1787.
Micah Mensah-Jatoe
Micah Mensah-Jatoe is a Canadian actor. He is most noted for his performance as Tristin in the 2024 film Village Keeper, for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Supporting Performance in a Drama Film at the 13th Canadian Screen Awards in 2025.

He has also appeared in the television series Shelved and Slip, and the film Home Free.

13th Canadian Screen Awards
The 13th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television from 30 May to 1 June 2025, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television and digital media production in 2024. The main gala was held on 1 June, hosted by comedian Lisa Gilroy, and was broadcast live on CBC Television and streaming on CBC Gem.

Nominees were announced on 26 March. Universal Language received the most nominations in film categories with 13, while Law & Order Toronto: Criminal Intent topped the field in television categories with 20 nominations. Canada's Drag Race was the most-awarded work overall with eight, while Universal Language would win the most awards in film categories with six.
Jordan Manihera
Jordan Manihera (born 8 May 1993) is a New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays as a flanker for the San Diego Legion in the MLR. He also played for Waikato in the ITM Cup and the Blues in Super Rugby.

Major League Rugby
Major League Rugby (MLR) is a professional rugby union competition in the United States. The league comprises 6 teams. While operating outside of the governance and oversight of the national governing body, the league is officially sanctioned by USA Rugby—a member union of Rugby Americas North (RAN)—and is consequently part of World Rugby.

MLR was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The league began its first season in 2018 with seven teams. MLR has since expanded, reaching an all-time high of thirteen teams in the 2022 season, including one team in Canada. Twelve teams competed in the 2024 season.

In 2020, Major League Rugby implemented its first collegiate MLR Draft in 2020 and its teams began forming youth academies.
Chardonnay family
The Chardonnay family, also Chardonnet and Chardonnay de Bicherel or Chardonnay de La Marne, is a lineage of the French nobility of ancient extraction, with documented origins in Montfort-l'Amaury in Yvelines and Machecoul, in Brittany. According to family tradition, the Chardonnays claimed descent from the Counts of Montfort-l’Amaury. The family’s nobility was confirmed by the royal council in 1668 and by the Chambre de la réformation de la noblesse de Bretagne in 1669. The family's principal estates included Bardelle, Tremblay, Bicherel, Le Vivier (Vicq), Vigny-en-Drouais, Fresnay-en-Retz, Machecoul, La Marne, and La Tamiserie. Elevated to a marquisate in the eighteenth century, its members figured as courtiers, military officers, émigrés during the Revolution, and later in nineteenth-century diplomacy. Members of the family held positions at the French royal court over a period of four centuries.

Fresnay-en-Retz
Fresnay-en-Retz (French pronunciation: [fʁɛnɛ ɑ̃ ʁɛ], literally Fresnay in Retz; Breton: Onnod-Raez) is a former commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Villeneuve-en-Retz.