hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint-Pathus
Saint-Pathus (French: [sɛ̃ paty] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

Saint-Pathus is coterminous with Oissery.

On 3 March 1974 Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashed, with six passengers ejected from the aircraft landing near Saint-Pathus.

Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne (French pronunciation: [sɛn e maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Seine and Marne') is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.
Robin Irvine
Robin Irvine (21 December 1901, in Stoke Newington, London, England – 28 April 1933, in Bermuda) was a British film actor. He was married to actress Ursula Jeans from 1931 until his death from pleurisy aged 31.

Stoke Newington
Stoke Newington is an area in the northwest part of the London Borough of Hackney, England. The area is five miles (eight kilometres) northeast of Charing Cross. The Manor of Stoke Newington gave its name to Stoke Newington, the ancient parish. Stoke Newington was part of the former county of Middlesex.

The historical core on Stoke Newington Church Street retains the distinct London village character that led Nikolaus Pevsner to write in 1953 that he found it hard to see the district as being in London at all.
Josh Wood (rugby league)
Josh Wood (born 15 November 1995) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the Barrow Raiders in the RFL Championship.

He previously played for the Salford Red Devils in the Super League, and spent time on loan from Salford at the North Wales Crusaders in League 1, and Halifax and the Swinton Lions in the Championship. He played as a scrum-half and stand-off earlier in his career.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Pitcaple
Pitcaple (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Chapaill) is a hamlet in Aberdeenshire, Scotland on the River Urie 4 miles (6 km) northwest of Inverurie.

Nearby Pitcaple Castle is a 17th-century country house which was restored by William Burn in 1830. It was built close to the remains of a 15th-century tower house.

There is a disused railway station.

River Urie
The River Urie (or River Ury) (Scottish Gaelic: Uaraidh / Ùraidh) is a small river in northeastern Scotland situated in the Garioch area of Aberdeenshire. Its origins are close to Bennachie, approximately 25 miles to the northwest of Aberdeen. The river runs for approximately 15 miles before meeting the River Don at the south edge of Inverurie. Its main tributary is the Gadie Burn. Fishing permits are available for salmon and trout.

The Ordnance Survey use the name "River Urie" and this spelling is often used, possibly because of the association with Inverurie (which was itself spelled Inverury until the nineteenth century). Local people usually prefer the spelling "Ury" which is generally used by Aberdeenshire Council.
Malesherbia lactea
Malesherbia lactea is a perennial geophyte native to the La Rioja and San Juan regions of Argentina and the Antofagasta and Atacama regions of Chile. It has ovate leaves that end in a sharp point. Similar to other members of Malesherbia, the flowers are red and white, and tubular in shape.

There are two varieties of M. lactea, var. crassicaulis (Bull-Hereñu) and var. lactea. Variety crassicaulis differs from var. lactea in its thicker and longer stem. It grows at lower altitudes (2700 m) than var. lactea (2500 – 4300 m) and is considered more robust. Variety crassicaulis only grows in Atacama, while var. lactea grows throughout the native range of M. lactea. It is hypothesized that var. lactea differs in ploidy level, though this has not been supported by molecular work.

Variety crassicaulis  was originally classified as Malesherbia rosulata.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
2004 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' singles
Kirsten Flipkens was the defending champion but did not complete in the Juniors this year.

Kateryna Bondarenko defeated Ana Ivanovic in the final, 6–4, 6–7(2–7), 6–2 to win the girls' singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships.

This Wimbledon Girls' Singles event featured four future singles world No. 1 players, in Ana Ivanovic, Caroline Wozniacki, Victoria Azarenka and Angelique Kerber. During the tournament, there were two clashes between them, with Azarenka defeating Kerber at an early stage and then losing in the semifinals to Ivanovic.

Angelique Kerber
Angelique Kerber (German: [ʔan.d͡ʒɛˈliːk ˈkɛɐ̯bɐ] ⓘ; born 18 January 1988) is a German former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 34 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2016. Kerber won 14 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three majors at the 2016 Australian Open, 2016 US Open, and 2018 Wimbledon Championships. She also won a silver medal in women's singles at the 2016 Rio Olympics.

An accomplished left-handed player, Kerber made her professional debut in 2003 and came to prominence by reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the world No. 92. Kerber first cracked the top 5 in the rankings in 2012 and would eventually become the world No. 1 on 12 September 2016, becoming the 22nd and oldest player to achieve the top ranking for the first time. Following a maternity leave, Kerber retired from the sport after the 2024 Paris Olympics.
Gwangsan Tak clan
Gwangsan Tak clan (Korean: 광산 탁씨; Hanja: 光山 卓氏) is a Korean clan. Their Bon-gwan was in Gwangju. According to the research in 2015, the number of Gwangsan Tak clan was 19551. Their founder was Tak Ji yeop. He had an ancestor who was appointed as Podeokhu (Hanja: 布德侯) in Han dynasty. He served as Hanlin Academy in Goryeo during Seonjong of Goryeo’s reign. He began Gwangsan Tak clan because he was appointed as Prince of Gwangsan (Hanja: 光山君).

Hanlin Academy
The Hanlin Academy was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning founded in the 8th century Tang China by Emperor Xuanzong in Chang'an. It has also been translated as "College of Literature" and "Academy of the Forest of Pencils."

Membership in the academy was confined to an elite group of scholars, who performed secretarial and literary tasks for the court. One of its primary duties was to decide on an interpretation of the Chinese classics. This formed the basis of the Imperial examinations, which aspiring government bureaucrats had to pass to attain higher-level government posts. Painters working for the court were also attached to the academy.
Sweet Briar School District
Sweet Briar Public School District 17 is a school district headquartered in the Sweet Briar community, in unincorporated Morton County, North Dakota.

The district, which serves grades K-8, is entirely in Morton County. In 2018 Jack Dura of the Bismarck Tribune described the school as "a modern throwback to the many rural schoolhouses that once dotted North Dakota." In 2018 the district had a single teacher who also serves as principal. In 2019 the district had two teachers, and the principal/teacher, Sherilyn "Sheri" Johnson, announced she would retire. The district sends high school level students to Mandan High School in Mandan (of Mandan Public Schools) or New Salem-Almont High School in New Salem (of New Salem-Almont School District).

It is one of two schools that the Burleigh-Morton County Superintendent of Schools supervises, the other being the Little Heart School.

Morton County, North Dakota
Morton County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,291, and was estimated to be 34,194 in 2024, making it the sixth-most populous county in North Dakota. Its county seat and largest city is Mandan, the eighth-largest city in North Dakota.

Morton County is included in the Bismarck metropolitan area.
Wetaskiwin (territorial electoral district)
Wetaskiwin was a territorial electoral district in the North-West Territories from 1898 to 1905. At the time of its creation it included the city of Wetaskiwin, Alberta and surrounding rural region. After the province of Alberta split from the North-West Territories in 1905, Wetaskiwin would continue to exist as a district until 1971.

No election ever took place as both elections were uncontested and thus decided by acclamations. Anthony Sigwart de Rosenroll won both times.

Anthony Rosenroll
Anthony Sigwart de Rosenroll (December 4, 1857 – May 8, 1945) was a politician and businessman in the Canadian province of Alberta.  Born in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to a family of noble Swiss heritage, he spent his early adulthood in the British colonies of Australia and New Zealand before settling in Canada in 1895.  He became a prominent resident of Wetaskiwin, and was acclaimed as its representative to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in 1898 and 1902.  In Alberta's first provincial election, he was elected as a Liberal to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he remained until 1909.  He remained active in business until 1940, and died in 1945 of pneumonia.
Recognized air picture
A recognized air picture or RAP is a (theoretically) complete listing of all aircraft in flight within a particular airspace, with each aircraft being identified as friendly or hostile, and ideally containing additional information such as type of aircraft, flight number, and flight plan. The information may be drawn from a number of different sources, including military radar, civilian air traffic controllers, and allied nations or multi-national organizations such as NATO.

For the United States and Canada, the Recognized Air Picture is maintained continuously by NORAD at Peterson Air Force Base (with Cheyenne Mountain Complex as a warm standby). In the United Kingdom, it is maintained by the United Kingdom Combined Air Operations Centre at RAF Air Command at RAF High Wycombe. For the rest of Europe, NATO has an Air Command and Control System program underway to unify the various systems in use by NATO members throughout Europe.

RAF High Wycombe
Royal Air Force High Wycombe or more simply RAF High Wycombe is a Royal Air Force station, situated in the village of Walters Ash, near High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, England. It houses Headquarters Air Command, and was originally designed to house RAF Bomber Command in the late 1930s. The station is also the headquarters of the European Air Group and the United Kingdom Space Command.

The location of the station was originally suggested by Wing Commander Alan Oakeshott when the Air Ministry was seeking a new, secure, site for Bomber Command away from London. Wing Commander Oakeshott was killed in combat in 1942 and is commemorated on the Naphill War Memorial and in the name of the station's welfare centre, opened in 2011.

The motto of RAF High Wycombe in Latin is 'Non Sibi', which translates as 'not for ourselves'.
Absolute OpenBSD
Absolute OpenBSD: Unix for the Practical Paranoid is a comprehensive guide to the OpenBSD operating system by Michael W. Lucas, author of Absolute FreeBSD and Cisco Routers for the Desperate. The book assumes basic knowledge of the design, commands, and user permissions of Unix-like operating systems. The book contains troubleshooting tips, background information on the system and its commands, and examples to assist with learning.

File-system permissions
Typically, a file system maintains permission settings for each stored item – commonly files and directories – that either grant or deny the ability to manipulate file system items. Often the settings allow controlling access based on function such as read, change, navigate, and execute and to different users and groups of users.

One well-established technology was developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX. Another common technology is an access-control list (ACL) with multiple variants implemented in file systems and one codified by POSIX. Since POSIX defines both the older Unix-based technology as well as ACLs, the former is called traditional POSIX permissions for clarity even though it is not a well-known term.

A permission-driven user interface tailors the functionality available to the user based on file system item permissions. For example, the interface might hide menu options that are not allowed based on the permissions stored for an item.
K. Manoharan
K. Manoharan is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Thiruporur constituency. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by M. Kothandapani.

M. Kothandapani
M. Kothandapani was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Tirupporur constituency in the 2016.

He was one of the 18 members who were disqualified were disqualified by Speaker P. Dhanapal as they withdrew support to Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and became loyal to rebel leader T.T.V. Dhinakaran and joined his party Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam.
Bruce Trail
The Bruce Trail is a hiking trail in southern Ontario, Canada, from the Niagara River to the tip of Tobermory, Ontario. The main trail is more than 890 km (550 mi) long and there are over 400 km (250 mi) of associated side trails. The trail mostly follows the edge of the Niagara Escarpment, one of the nineteen UNESCO World Biosphere Reserves in Canada. The land the trail traverses is owned by the Government of Ontario, local municipalities, local conservation authorities, private landowners, and the Bruce Trail Conservancy (BTC). The Bruce Trail is the oldest and longest marked hiking trail in Canada. Its name is linked to the Bruce Peninsula and Bruce County, through which the trail runs. The trail is named after the county, which was named after James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin who was the Governor General of the Province of Canada from 1847 to 1854.

Long-distance trail
A long-distance trail (or long-distance footpath, way, greenway) is a longer recreational trail mainly through rural areas used for hiking, backpacking, cycling, equestrianism or cross-country skiing. They exist on all continents except Antarctica.

Many trails are marked on maps. Typically, a long-distance route will be at least 50 km (30 mi) long, but many run for several hundred miles, or longer.

Many routes are waymarked and may cross public or private land and/or follow existing rights of way. Generally, the surface is not specially prepared, and the ground can be rough and uneven in areas, except in places such as converted rail tracks or popular walking routes where stone-pitching and slabs have been laid to prevent erosion. In some places, official trails will have the surface specially prepared to make the going easier.
Gordon Parks Foundation
The Gordon Parks Foundation is an American foundation dedicated to the legacy and work of photographer Gordon Parks which is headquartered in Pleasantville, New York. In addition to preserving Parks' work, it also runs several initiatives dedicated to the preservation and advancement of art, such as its annual Foundation Dinner, its Legacy Initiative, and its annual fellowships. As of 2025, the foundation is directed by Peter W. Kunhardt Jr.

Pleasantville, New York
Pleasantville is a village in the town of Mount Pleasant, in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is located 30 miles north of Manhattan. The village population was 7,513 at the 2020 census. Pleasantville is home to the secondary campus of Pace University and to the Jacob Burns Film Center. Most of Pleasantville is served by the Pleasantville Union Free School District, with small parts of northern Pleasantville served by the Chappaqua Central School District. The village is also home to the Bedford Road School, Pleasantville Middle School, and Pleasantville High School.  The region of Pleasantville commonly referred to as "The Flats" is mostly served by the Mount Pleasant Central School district.
Kamionki Duże
Kamionki Duże [kaˈmjɔnki ˈduʐɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łysomice, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

It is the seventh largest town in the Łysomice commune.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Oscar Ray Bolin
Oscar Ray Bolin Jr. (January 22, 1962 – January 7, 2016) was an American serial killer and convicted rapist. In 1986, Bolin kidnapped and murdered three young women in Tampa, Florida. He was later connected to a fourth murder in Texas in 1987. The murders went unsolved for nearly four years, until the husband of his ex-wife called a tip line and implicated him. He maintained his innocence to the end. He was executed at the Florida State Prison in 2016 for murder.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
Gustavo Adrianzén
Gustavo Lino Adrianzén Olaya (born 25 October 1966) is a Peruvian lawyer, politician and diplomat who served as the prime minister of Peru between March 2024 and May 2025. Previously, he served as the 26th Permanent Representative of Peru to the Organization of American States from 2023 to 2024, as well as the Minister of Justice and Human Rights under former President Ollanta Humala from April to October 2015.

Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Peru)
The Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Spanish: Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, MINJUSDH) of Peru is the government ministry charged with advising the President of Peru in judicial matters. The ministry is responsible of the national prison system as well as the state's relationship with the Roman Catholic Church in Peru.

The minister of justice is Juan Alcántara Medrano since May 2025.
Water supply and sanitation in Japan
Water supply and sanitation in Japan is characterized by numerous achievements and some challenges. The country has achieved universal access to water supply and sanitation, has one of the lowest levels of water distribution losses in the world, regularly exceeds its own strict standards for the quality of drinking water and treated waste water, uses an effective national system of performance benchmarking for water and sanitation utilities, makes extensive use of both advanced and appropriate technologies such as the jōkasō on-site sanitation system, and has pioneered the payment for ecosystem services before the term was even coined internationally. Some of the challenges are a decreasing population, declining investment, fiscal constraints, ageing facilities, an ageing workforce, a fragmentation of service provision among thousands of municipal utilities, and the vulnerability of parts of the country to droughts that are expected to become more frequent due to climate change.

Ministry of the Environment (Japan)
The Ministry of the Environment (環境省, Kankyō-shō) is a Cabinet-level ministry of the government of Japan responsible for global environmental conservation, pollution control, and nature conservation. The ministry was formed in 2001 from the sub-cabinet level Environmental Agency established in 1971. The Minister of the Environment is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is chosen by the Prime Minister, usually from among members of the Diet.

In March 2006, the then-Minister of the Environment Yuriko Koike, created a furoshiki cloth to promote its use in the modern world.

In August 2011, the Cabinet of Japan approved a plan to establish a new energy watchdog under the Environment Ministry, and the Nuclear Regulation Authority was founded on September 19, 2012.
Emily Reed (ship)
The Emily Reed was a down Easter owned by a company in San Francisco, and well known in both American and Australian ports. She ran aground in February 1908 off the coast of Oregon, with the loss of eight men.

Down Easter (ship)
The Down Easter or Downeaster was a type of 19th-century sailing ship built in Maine, and used largely in the California grain trade. It was a modification of the clipper ship using a similar bow but with better cargo handling. It achieved a balance between speed and tonnage such that it made the wheat trade between California and Great Britain competitive with East Coast grain trade via steamship. It could make the trip between San Francisco and Liverpool in 100 days, despite rounding Cape Horn and crossing the equator twice.  A more unusual name for the rig was shipentine.
Nissi Parish
Nissi Parish (Estonian: Nissi vald) was a rural municipality in northern Estonia. It was a part of Harju County. The municipality had a population of 3,281 (as of 1 January 2007) and covered an area of 264.9 km2 (102.3 sq mi). The population density is 12.386/km2 (32.079/sq mi). The current mayor (vallavanem) is Peedo Kessel.

Administrative centre of the municipality was Riisipere small borough (alevik). There was also Turba small borough and 17 villages in Nissi Parish: Aude, Ellamaa, Jaanika, Kivitammi, Lehetu, Lepaste, Madila, Munalaskme, Mustu, Nurme, Odulemma, Rehemäe, Siimika, Tabara, Ürjaste, Vilumäe, and Viruküla.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.