hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minnesota Drive Expressway
The Minnesota Drive Expressway is a 7.560-mile-long (12.167 km) south–north expressway located in the city of Anchorage, Alaska, United States. The expressway includes a small portion of O'Malley Road, which is also built to expressway standards. The highway travels from the southern region of Anchorage northward to North Star neighborhood area, and bisects the community of Spenard. The first section of the highway was constructed around 1950, and the entire highway was upgraded to expressway standards by the year of 1985. The entire length of the expressway is listed on the National Highway System.

Spenard, Anchorage
Spenard is a neighborhood in the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska, United States and was historically a separate city from Anchorage. The road that bears its name, Spenard Road, begins at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport at its southern end, and continues north toward downtown before ending at Westchester Lagoon, where it turns and becomes part of I Street.
Lord Sumner
Lord Sumner can refer to:

John Hamilton, 1st Viscount Sumner (1859–1934), a British lawyer and judge

Lord Sumner, a character in Grey Griffins, a series of children's books by Derek Benz and J. S. Lewis

John Hamilton, 1st Viscount Sumner
John Andrew Hamilton, 1st Viscount Sumner, GCB, PC (3 February 1859 – 24 May 1934) was a British lawyer and judge. He was appointed a judge of the High Court of Justice (King's Bench Division) in 1909, a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1912 and a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (Law Lord) in 1913. Created a life peer as Baron Sumner in 1913, he was further honoured when he was granted a hereditary peerage as Viscount Sumner in 1927.
Kostiantyn Yefymenko
Kostiantyn Oleksiiovych Yefymenko (Ukrainian: Костянтин Олексійович Єфименко; born 26 June 1975) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician who served as Minister of Transport and Communications of Ukraine from 11 March to 9 December 2010, as well as First Deputy Minister of Infrastructure of Ukraine from 23 December 2010 to 15 April 2014. Yefymenko currently serves as the president of the Bilyi Bars Ice Hockey Club.

Bilyi Bars
Hockey Club Bilyi Bars Bila Tserkva (Ukrainian: ХК Білий Барс Біла Церква, lit. 'White Leopard of Bila Tserkva') is a Ukrainian professional ice hockey team based in Bila Tserkva, Ukraine. The club was a founding member of the Professional Hockey League of Ukraine and now playing in the Ukrainian Hockey League.
Wibault 210
The Wibault Wib 210 C.1 was a single engine, single seat low wing monoplane fighter aircraft, designed and built in France in the late 1920s. Flight tests revealed vibration problems and development was quickly abandoned.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Cattail Cove State Park
Cattail Cove State Park is a state park of Arizona, United States, on the shore of Lake Havasu. The park is located on Arizona State Route 95 in far southern Mohave County, about 19 miles (31 km) from Lake Havasu City and 8 miles (13 km) from Parker Strip. The park is public land managed by the Arizona State Parks, and available to the public for recreational purposes.

Arizona State Parks & Trails
Arizona State Parks & Trails is the state agency responsible for managing Arizona state parks and historic sites. The agency oversees 33 parks encompassing more than 64,000 acres and receives more than 3 million visitors annually.
Ragnar Nathanaelsson
Ragnar Ágúst Nathanaelsson (born 27 August 1991) is an Icelandic basketball player who plays for Álftanes. He participated at EuroBasket 2015 as a member of the Icelandic national team. He is a two time Úrvalsdeild Domestic All-First team selection and won the Icelandic Basketball Cup in 2022. Ragnar is the tallest living man in Iceland.

1. deild karla (basketball)
1. deild karla (English: Men's First Division) or D1 is the second-tier basketball competition among clubs in Iceland. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 18 games, followed by a four-team playoff round. Both semifinals and finals series are best-of-three. The top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner are promoted to the Úrvalsdeild karla. The bottom club is relegated, and replaced by the four-team playoff round winner of the third-tier 2. deild karla.
2010–11 FIS Snowboard World Cup
The 2010–11 FIS Snowboard World Cup was a multi race tournament over a season for snowboarding. The season started on 10 October 2010 and ended on 27 March 2011. The World Cup was organised by the FIS which also run world cups and championships in cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, alpine skiing, and freestyle skiing. The snowboarding world cup consisted of the parallel slalom, snowboard cross and the halfpipe. The men's side of the world cup also consisted of a big air competition.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Polenske value
The Polenske value (also known as the Polenske number) is a value determined when examining fat. It is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from fat through saponification. It is equal to the number of milliliters of 0.1 normal alkali solution necessary for the neutralization of the water-insoluble volatile fatty acids distilled and filtered from 5 grams of a given saponified fat. (The hydroxide solution used in such a titration is typically made from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide.)
It is measure of the steam volatile and water insoluble fatty acids, chiefly caprylic, capric and lauric acids, present in oil and fat. The value is named for the chemist who developed it, Eduard Polenske.

The Reichert value and Kirschner value are related numbers based on similar tests.

Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/ ⓘ; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القالِي) is a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases.
McMahon baronets of Ashley Manor (1817)
The McMahon baronetcy, of Ashley Manor, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 7 August 1817 for John McMahon, Member of Parliament for Aldeburgh from 1802 to 1812 and Private Secretary to George IV from 1811 to 1817. He was the brother of William MacMahon, 1st Baronet of the 1815 creation.

McMahon was succeeded according to a special remainder by his second brother Thomas. The 2nd baronet was a general in the army and served as commander-in-chief of the forces at Bombay.

Private Secretary to the Sovereign
The private secretary to the sovereign is the senior operational member of the Royal Household of the sovereign of the United Kingdom (as distinct from the great officers of the Household, whose duties are largely ceremonial). The private secretary is the principal channel of communication between the monarch and the governments in most of the Commonwealth realms. They also have responsibility for the official programme and correspondence of the sovereign. Through these roles the position wields considerable influence. This is one of the most senior positions within the Royal Household.

The current private secretary position is held by Sir Clive Alderton.
Sister Europe
"Sister Europe" is a song by the English rock band the Psychedelic Furs, taken from the band's debut studio album, The Psychedelic Furs (1980). Written by the band and produced by Steve Lillywhite, it was released in February 1980 by CBS Records as the album's second single.

The Psychedelic Furs traditionally opened their live shows with "Sister Europe" during the early part of their career.

The Psychedelic Furs
The Psychedelic Furs are an English rock band founded in London in February 1977. Led by lead vocalist Richard Butler and his brother Tim Butler on bass guitar, the Psychedelic Furs are one of the many acts spawned from the British post-punk scene.

The band had several hits in their early career. In 1986, filmmaker John Hughes used their song "Pretty in Pink" for his film Pretty in Pink. They went on hiatus after they finished touring in 1992, but resumed in 2000 and continue to perform live. The band released Made of Rain, their first studio album in nearly three decades, on 31 July 2020.
Marco Grael
Marco Soffiatti Grael (born 9 June 1989) is a Brazilian sailor. He competes in the 49er class alongside Gabriel Borges, finishing 11th at the 2016 Summer Olympics, 16th in the 2020 Summer Olympics, and 19th in the 2024 Summer Olympics. Both also won the gold at the 2019 Pan American Games. He is the son of Olympic champion Torben Grael, and brother of Martine Grael.

Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – 49er
The Men's 49er was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics program in Rio de Janeiro and took place between 12–18 August at Marina da Glória. 13 races (the last one a medal race) were held.

The medals were presented by Barbara Kendall, IOC member, New Zealand and Adrienne Greenwood, Vice President of World Sailing.
Don Maggs
Donald James Maggs (born November 1, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a tackle and guard in the United States Football League (USFL) and National Football League (NFL).

Maggs was born and raised in Youngstown, Ohio, and played scholastically at Cardinal Mooney High School. He played collegiately for the Tulane Green Wave, where, as a senior, he was honored by Gannett News Service (GNS) as a second-team All-American.

Following college, Maggs played in the USFL for the Pittsburgh Maulers (1984) and New Jersey Generals (1985). He was selected by the Houston Oilers in the second round of the 1984 NFL supplemental draft, and they retained his rights when he chose to stay in the USFL. When the USFL ceased operations following the 1985 season, Maggs joined the Oilers. He was with the Oilers for seven seasons, 1986 - 1992, spending the 1987 season on the injured reserve list. He then spent two years with the Denver Broncos (1993 - 1994).

Pittsburgh Maulers (1984)
The Pittsburgh Maulers were a team that competed in the 1984 season of the United States Football League. Their most prominent player was first pick overall in the 1984 USFL draft, running back Mike Rozier of Nebraska, who won the Heisman Trophy, collegiate football's most prestigious individual award.

They were owned by shopping mall magnate Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr., the father of Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr., then-owner of the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League and the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League. The Maulers played at Three Rivers Stadium.
Medieval dance
Sources for an understanding of dance in Europe in the Middle Ages are limited and fragmentary, being composed of some interesting depictions in paintings and illuminations, a few musical examples of what may be dances, and scattered allusions in literary texts. The first detailed descriptions of dancing only date from 1451 in Italy, which is after the start of the Renaissance in Western Europe.

Handlyng Synne
Handlyng Synne by Robert Manning of Brunne is a Middle English verse devotional work, intended for the use of both learned and unlearned men, dealing with the theory and practice of morality, and illustrating this doctrine with stories drawn from ordinary life.  It was begun in the year 1303.  It is valued today for its simple and entertaining style, and for the light it throws on English life in the Middle Ages.
Cornish game hen
Cornish game hen (also Rock Cornish game hen) is the USDA-approved name for a particular variety of broiler chicken, produced from a cross between the Cornish and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds, that is served young and immature, weighing no more than two pounds (900 g) ready to cook.

Despite the name, the Cornish game hen is not a game bird. The name is doubly a  misnomer because both males and females are served as Cornish game hens, meaning that many are not actually hens.
Bred to develop a large breast over a short period of time, the fowl weighs roughly 2.5 pounds (1.1 kilograms) when slaughtered at four to six weeks of age and typically commands a higher price per pound than mature chicken. Adult Cornish game hens are not smaller than standard broiler chickens; the size of cooked Cornish game hens is due solely to the very young age at which they are slaughtered. The Cornish game hen is known for its tender meat, which absorbs marinades and seasonings readily.

Fowl
Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes). Anatomical and molecular similarities suggest these two groups are close evolutionary relatives; together, they form the fowl clade which is scientifically known as Galloanserae or Galloanseres (initially termed Galloanseri) (Latin gallus ("rooster") + ānser ("goose")). This clade is also supported by morphological and DNA sequence data as well as retrotransposon presence/absence data.
X Constitutional Government of Portugal
The X Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: X Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the tenth government of the Third Portuguese Republic, in office from 6 November 1985 to 17 August 1987. It was formed by members of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and had Aníbal Cavaco Silva, leader of the PSD, as prime minister.

Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Aníbal António Cavaco Silva GCC GColTE GColL GColIH (European Portuguese: [ɐˈniβɐl ɐ̃ˈtɔni.u kɐˈvaku ˈsilvɐ, - ɐ̃ˈtɔnju -]; born 15 July 1939) is a Portuguese economist and politician who served as the president of Portugal, from 9 March 2006 to 9 March 2016, and as prime minister of Portugal, from 6 November 1985 to 25 October 1995. His 10-year tenure was the longest of any prime minister since Salazar, and the longest for a freely elected prime minister in Portugal's republican history. He was the first Portuguese prime minister to win an absolute parliamentary majority under the current constitutional system (dating to 1974). He is most recognized for guiding Portugal into the European Union, liberalizing the Portuguese economy and improving infrastructures across the country.
KVWF
KVWF (100.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Augusta, Kansas, United States. The station serves the Wichita area. The station is currently owned by MyTown Media. The station's studios are located in downtown Wichita and the transmitter is in Andover.

Andover, Kansas
Andover is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States, and an eastern suburb of Wichita.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 14,892.  Andover is the most populated city in Butler County.
Puyhuan (Ancash)
Puyhuan (possibly from Quechua for heart of an animal) is a 4,980-metre-high (16,339 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Huari Province, Chavín de Huantar District. Puyhuan lies northwest of Huaracayoc, northeast of Yanarahu and southeast of Tuctu.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Lists of papal encyclicals
This is a list of the lists of encyclicals which have been promulgated by Popes of the Catholic Church.

List of encyclicals of Pope Benedict XIV

List of encyclicals of Pope Clement XIII

List of encyclicals of Pope Clement XIV

List of encyclicals of Pope Pius VI

List of encyclicals of Pope Pius VII

List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XII

List of encyclicals of Pope Pius VIII

List of encyclicals of Pope Gregory XVI

List of encyclicals of Pope Pius IX

List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII
List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII on the Rosary

List of encyclicals of Pope Pius X

List of encyclicals of Pope Benedict XV

List of encyclicals of Pope Pius XI

List of encyclicals of Pope Pius XII

List of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII

List of encyclicals of Pope Paul VI

List of encyclicals of Pope John Paul II

List of encyclicals of Pope Benedict XVI

List of encyclicals of Pope Francis

Promulgation (Catholic canon law)
In Catholic canon law, promulgation is the publication of a law by which it is made known publicly, and is required by canon law for the law to obtain legal effect. Universal laws are promulgated when they are published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis, and unless specified to the contrary, obtain legal force three months after promulgation. Particular laws are promulgated in various ways but by default take effect one month after promulgation.
Brownbill
Brownbill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Derek Brownbill (born 1954), English footballer

Fanny Brownbill (1890–1948), Australian politician

Kay Brownbill (1914–2002), Australian politician

William Brownbill (1864–1938), Australian politician

Kay Brownbill
Kay Cathrine Millin Brownbill OBE (21 July 1914 – 3 February 2002) was an Australian media personality and politician. She was a playwright, journalist, radio and television presenter, writer, and publicist, working primarily in Adelaide. She was the first South Australian woman elected to the House of Representatives and the third overall, serving a single term from 1966 to 1969.
Cyclotomic identity
In mathematics, the cyclotomic identity states that

where M is Moreau's necklace-counting function,

and μ is the classic Möbius function of number theory.

The name comes from the denominator, 1 − z j, which is the product of cyclotomic polynomials.

The left hand side of the cyclotomic identity is the generating function for the free associative algebra on α generators, and the right hand side is the generating function for the universal enveloping algebra of the free Lie algebra on α generators. The cyclotomic identity witnesses the fact that these two algebras are isomorphic.

There is also a symmetric generalization of the cyclotomic identity found by Strehl:

Cyclotomic polynomial
In mathematics, the -th cyclotomic polynomial, for any positive integer , is the unique irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients that is a divisor of  and is not a divisor of  for any . Its roots are all -th primitive roots of unity
, where  runs over the positive integers up to  and coprime to  (where  is the imaginary unit). In other words, the -th cyclotomic polynomial is equal to

It may also be defined as the monic polynomial with integer coefficients that is the minimal polynomial over the field of the rational numbers of any primitive nth-root of unity ( is an example of such a root).

An important relation linking cyclotomic polynomials and primitive roots of unity is

showing that  is a root of  if and only if it is a -th primitive root of unity for some  that divides .
Eğerce, Mudanya
Eğerce (also: Eyerci) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mudanya, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 286 (2022).

The village was present during the Ottoman period, and archival evidence suggests that the village is more than 420 years old. In the 17th century the village was a Christian village and the name of it was "Eğerciler", which meant "saddle-makers" in Turkish. The village was providing sheep to the capital in the beginning of the 17th century.

Bursa Province
Bursa Province (Turkish: Bursa ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, Kocaeli to the northeast and Yalova to the north. Its area is 10,813 km2, and its population is 3,194,720 (2022). Its traffic code is 16.

Almost all of Bursa Province (including the city of Bursa) is in the Marmara region, but the districts of Büyükorhan, Harmancık, Keles and Orhaneli are in the Aegean Region.

The city of Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman State between 1326 and 1365, until the Ottoman conquest of Edirne, then known as Adrianople. Adrianople was the capital until 1453, when Constantinople became the final Ottoman capital.
178th Tunnelling Company
The 178th Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and  underground chambers for signals and medical services.

Dugout (shelter)
A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pit-house or earth lodge, is a shelter for humans or domesticated animals and livestock based on a hole or depression dug into the ground. Dugouts can be fully recessed into the earth, with a flat roof covered by ground, or dug into a hillside. They can also be semi-recessed, with a constructed wood or sod roof standing out.
These structures are one of the most ancient types of human housing known to archaeologists, and the same methods have evolved into modern "earth shelter" technology.

Dugouts may also be temporary shelters constructed as an aid to specific activities, e.g., concealment and protection during warfare or shelter while hunting.