hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iranian calendars
The Iranian calendars or Iranian chronologies (Persian: گاه‌شماری ایرانی, Gâh Šomâriye Irâni) are a succession of calendars created and used for over two millennia in Iran, also known as Persia. One of the longest chronological records in human history, the Iranian calendar has been modified many times for administrative purposes. The most influential person in laying the frameworks for the calendar and its precision was the 11th century Persian polymath, Omar Khayyam. The modern Iranian calendar is the Solar Hijri calendar, currently the official civil calendar in Iran.

Nowruz, the Iranian New Year, begins at the midnight nearest to the instant of the northern spring equinox, as determined by astronomic calculations for the meridian of Tehran (52.5°E). Thus the calendar is observation-based, unlike the Gregorian calendar, which is rule-based. This equinox occurs on or about 20 March of the Gregorian calendar. The time zone of Iran is Iran Standard Time, UTC+03:30.

Time zone
A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it is convenient for areas in frequent communication to keep the same time.

Each time zone is defined by a standard offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The offsets range from UTC−12:00 to UTC+14:00, and are usually a whole number of hours, but a few zones are offset by an additional 30 or 45 minutes, such as in India and Nepal. Some areas in a time zone may use a different offset for part of the year, typically one hour ahead during spring and summer, a practice known as daylight saving time (DST).
Panchadara Chilaka
Panchadara Chilaka (transl. Sugar parrot) is a 1999 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by Kodi Ramakrishna, starring Srikanth and Kausalya. It is a remake of the 1980 Tamil film Oru Thalai Ragam.

Kausalya (actress)
Kavitha Shivshankar (born: 30 December 1979), commonly known as Kausalya (in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada film industries) or Nandini (in Malayalam film industry), is an Indian actress and model, who has starred mainly in South Indian cinema.  After starting her career in leading roles, she has since gone on to portray supporting roles.
Issa Bery
Issa Bery  (also Issa Beri and Issabéry) is a commune of the Cercle of Goundam in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the village of Toucabangou which is on the south shore of Lake Faguibine. The commune includes areas of land both to the south and to the north of the lake.

Lake Faguibine
Lake Faguibine was a lake in Mali on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert situated 80 km west of Timbuktu and 75 km north of the Niger River to which it is connected by a system of smaller lakes and channels. In years when the height of the annual flood of the river is sufficient, water flows from the river into the lake. Since the Sahel drought of the 1970s and 1980s the lake has been mostly dry. Water has only rarely reached the lake and even when it has done so, the lake has been only partially filled with water. This has caused a partial collapse of the local ecosystem.

In 2021, Lake Figuibine was entirely dry. A gas emanating from the dry ground destroys the remaining vegetation and renders the soil unfit for cultivation.
Diane, Duchess of Württemberg
Diane, Dowager Duchess of Württemberg (née Princess Diane of Orléans; born 24 March 1940) is a French-German painter, sculptor, writer and philanthropist. She is the widow of Carl, Duke of Württemberg, head of the House of Württemberg. She is the fourth daughter and sixth child of Henri, Count of Paris, Orléanist pretender to the throne of France, and his wife, Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza.

Académie Julian
The Académie Julian (French pronunciation: [akademi ʒyljɑ̃]) was a private art school for painting and sculpture founded in Paris, France, in 1867 by French painter and teacher Rodolphe Julian (1839–1907). The school was active from 1868 through 1968. It remained famous for the number and quality of artists who attended during a great period of effervescence in the arts in the early twentieth century. After 1968, it integrated with the École supérieure de design, d'art graphique et d'architecture intérieure
(ESAG) Penninghen.
Canton of Rennes-Brequigny
The Canton of Rennes-Brequigny is a former canton of France, in the Ille-et-Vilaine département. It had 13,259 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. The canton comprised part of the commune of Rennes.

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
New Americana
"New Americana" is a song by American singer and songwriter Halsey from her debut studio album, Badlands (2015). It was released on July 10, 2015 through Astralwerks as the album's second single. It was written by Halsey, Larzz Principato, and Kalkutta, while production was handled by Lido. Described as an alternative pop and electronic pop song, "New Americana" describes the normalization of aspects of counterculture in the United States, including recreational marijuana use and same-sex marriage. The original version of the song was first released on March 31, 2014 via Halsey's official SoundCloud account for streaming and free download.

Lido (musician)
Peder Losnegård (born 26 October 1992), better known by his stage name Lido, is a Norwegian musician, record producer, singer, and songwriter. He produced "Same Drugs" and "Angels" on Chance the Rapper's Coloring Book. He is known for his extensive work with Halsey, executive producing her debut Badlands, as well as co-writing and producing several songs on Hopeless Fountain Kingdom and Manic. Lido has also notably produced for Ella Mai, Jaden Smith, Ariana Grande, Mariah Carey, A$AP Ferg, Smino, and BANKS, among others.
AdNauseam
AdNauseam is a free and open-source web browser extension that blocks Internet ads while automatically simulating clicks on them. Created in 2014 by Daniel Howe, Helen Nissenbaum, and Mushon Zer-Aviv, the software is a digital rights advocacy project that counters surveillance and data profiling employed by online advertising networks.

The extension functions on Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. Google banned AdNauseam from the Chrome Web Store in 2017. MIT Technology Review tested AdNauseam's effectiveness with Nissenbaum in a 2021 experiment, during which Google recognized most of AdNauseam's automated ad clicks as legitimate and billed a Google Ads test account accordingly.

Countersurveillance
Countersurveillance refers to measures that are usually undertaken by the public to prevent surveillance, including covert surveillance. Countersurveillance may include electronic methods such as technical surveillance counter-measures, which is the process of detecting surveillance devices. It can also include covert listening devices, visual surveillance devices, and countersurveillance software to thwart unwanted cybercrime, such as accessing computing and mobile devices for various nefarious reasons (e.g. theft of financial, personal or corporate data). More often than not, countersurveillance will employ a set of actions (countermeasures) that, when followed, reduce the risk of surveillance. Countersurveillance is different from sousveillance (inverse surveillance), as the latter does not necessarily aim to prevent or reduce surveillance.
Mauro Carlesse
Mauro Carlesse (born 26 June 1960) is a Brazilian politician as well as a businessman. Although born in Paraná, he has spent his political career representing the state of Tocantins, having served as state governor from 2018 to 2022.

Gurupi
Gurupi, Tocantins is a city and a municipality in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. The estimated population was 87,545 inhabitants in 2020, the third-largest in the state, and the total area of the municipality was 1,836 km2. The elevation is around 287 meters in the city.
Taskara
Taskara is a fictional vigilante hacker superhero who appears in Indian comic books published by Fenil Comics. Created by graphic novelist Kiriti Rambhatla the character is the alias of Dr. Arjun Kumar, an influential Indian born economist who works at the IMF before turning into an underground hacker. Taskara steals from the wealthy banks and sends the stolen digital currency into poor institutions.

Taskara was adapted into live action feature film in 2015 Indian Telugu-language thriller film written by Kiriti Rambhatla. The film is directed by Chandra Sekhar, music by Rohit Kumar, and produced by Libra Media & Entertainment Motion Pictures.

The film had its premiere on 19 December 2015 in Hyderabad and theatrical release on 8 January 2016.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
Jogo de Damas
Jogo de Damas (aka "Game of Checkers") is a 2015 Portuguese drama film directed and written by Patrícia Sequeira and Filipa Leal, and starring Ana Nave, Ana Padrão, Fátima Belo, Maria João Luís and Rita Blanco. It premiered on the Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival in November 2015 and was released in Portugal on January 28, 2016.

Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival
The Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival (LEFFEST), formerly known as Estoril Film Festival, (also known as Lisbon & Sintra Film Festival) is an annual international film festival held in November in Estoril, on the Portuguese Riviera. Established in 2006, the competition section is open to international films, animation, fiction and documentaries. It awards the Silver Seagull Award for Best Film, amongst others.
In 2017, the festival moved to Sintra and named as 'Lisbon & Sintra Film Festival'.
Usnea glabrescens
Usnea glabrescens is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows on bark, has a shrubby thallus with a blackened base, and a thick cortex. Several chemotypes of this species have been reported. The lichen is widely distributed in Europe.

Cortex (botany)
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells.
Fedi
Fedi is an Italian and Hebrew surname.  Notable people with the surnames Fedi and Feddy include:

Andrea Fedi (born 1991), Italian racing cyclist

Dario Fedi (born 1989), Italian footballer

Marco Fedi (born 1958), Italian politician

Omer Fedi,  Israeli producer

Pio Fedi (1815–1892), Italian sculptor

Marco Fedi
Marco Fedi (born 1958 in Ascoli Piceno, Italy), emigrated to Australia in 1983, is an Italian politician representing Italians living abroad.

He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in the 2006 general elections, as an overseas candidate for the centre-left coalition L'Unione (The Union) and re-elected in the 2008 for Democratic Party (Italy) with 12 409 personal votes. Fedi is a member of the Italian Democratic Party of the Left (DS). He was on the same ticket as Nino Randazzo who was elected to the Italian Senate.

Fedi was an elected member of the Comitato degli Italiani All'Estero (Com.It.Es.) (Committee of Italians Abroad) for Melbourne but resigned after his election in the Parliament. He is also the Vice Secretary of the General Council of Italians Abroad (CGIE).
2021–22 3. Liga
The 2021–22 3. Liga was the 14th season of the 3. Liga. It was originally scheduled to start on 23 July 2021 and concluded on 14 May 2022; however, the opening match between VfL Osnabrück and MSV Duisburg had to be postponed after Duisburg was quarantined due to COVID-19 cases, delaying the season start by one day.

From this season onward, the German Football Association will allow clubs to place a sponsor logo on the back of their shirts.

The league fixtures were announced on 1 July 2021.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
2012 Eker bombing
The 2012 Eker bombing (Arabic: تفجير العكر) occurred on  10 April 2012 in the village of Eker, in the south of the Kingdom of Bahrain. According to Ministry of Interior, the explosion injured seven policemen, three of them severely. The Ministry blamed protesters for the attack saying policemen were "lured" to the village by petrol-bomb-throwing protesters before they detonated the bomb targeting the riot police. Public security chief, General Tariq al-Hassan said the exploding device was a "pipe bomb attached to a container full of gasoline"

On the other hand, Al Wefaq, Bahrain's main opposition party said the village was "entirely surrounded by security forces who are imposing collective punishment". They also stated that police had been firing "pellet guns" on residents who sent "calls for help".

Pipe bomb
A pipe bomb is a hand-throwable anti-personnel improvised explosive device (IED), a bomb made from a piece of pipe.

From a technical point of view, a pipe bomb is a mechanically strong containment device, filled with an explosive material, that allows pressure to build until it exceeds the strength of the container at its weakest point; the device is designed to rupture and not to fail at a specific joint, thus resulting in a catastrophic destruction of the container, usually followed by the ejection of sharp shrapnels moving at high speed in all directions.

It has been used primarily by violent non-state actors in guerrilla warfare or in terrorist operations. More rarely, it has been used by the regular armed forces of some countries.

In many countries, the manufacture or possession of a pipe bomb is a serious crime, regardless of its intended use.
Mahmoud Saremi
Mahmoud Saremi (c. 1968 – 8 August 1998) was an Iranian reporter, working for IRNA, as the news agency's head of office in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan. He was killed by the Taliban when they occupied the Iranian consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif, together with eight Iranian diplomats (see 1998 Iranian diplomats assassination in Afghanistan).

He was born in  Chahar Bareh village near Borujerd in Lorestān Province. Saremi's date of death (17 Mordad in the Iranian calendar) is named National Journalists' Day in Iran. A boulevard in Tehran, in Ekbatan, is also named after Saremi.

Islamic Republic News Agency
The Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA; Persian: خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی, romanized: Xabargozâri-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi or ایرنا) is the official news agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Founded in November 1934 as Pars News Agency during the time of Reza Shah, it is government-funded and controlled under the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. The agency also publishes the newspaper Iran. As of September 2024, the managing director of IRNA was Hossein Jaberi-Ansari. IRNA has 60 offices in Iran and 30 more in various countries around the world.
Ebenezer Moses Debrah
Ebenezer Moses Debrah (9 July 1928 – 23 May 2023) was a Ghanaian diplomat. He served as Ghana's ambassador to Ethiopia, the United States of America, and Ghana's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and Australia from 1963 to 1980. He was also cabinet secretary and head of the civil service from 1973 to 1976.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Namibia)
The Ministry of International Relations and Trade is a department of the Namibian government. It was established as Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Namibian independence in 1990. The first Namibian foreign minister was Theo-Ben Gurirab. The current minister is Selma Ashipala-Musavyi.
Buellia quarryana
Buellia quarryana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in southeastern Australia, it was described as a new species in 2020 by lichenologists John Elix and Patrick McCarthy. The type specimen was collected from Quarry Beach in East Gippsland (Victoria), where it was found growing on siliceous rocks along the seashore. The specific epithet refers to the type locality. It has also been found on the coast of southern New South Wales.

The expected results of standard chemical spot tests for Buellia quarryana are K+ (yellow then red), C−, and PD+ (orange). The lichen contains the secondary chemicals norstictic acid (major) and connorstictic acid (trace amounts), which are detectable using thin-layer chromatography.

John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.

The standard author abbreviation Elix is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
The Crying Conch
The Crying Conch is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Vincent Toi and released in 2017. The film centres on a man who is drawn into a rebellion that parallels the 18th-century story of Haitian revolutionary François Mackandal.

The film premiered at the 2017 Berlin Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. It was subsequently screened at the 2017 Vancouver International Film Festival, where Toi won the award for Most Promising Director of a Canadian Short Film.

The film was named to TIFF's year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films in 2017.

67th Berlin International Film Festival
The 67th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 9 to 18 February 2017 with Dutch filmmaker Paul Verhoeven as president of the jury.

Django, directed by Etienne Comar, opened the festival. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Hungarian film On Body and Soul directed by Ildikó Enyedi, which also served as closing film of the festival.
Renault Kangoo
The Renault Kangoo is a family of vans built by Renault since 1997 across three generations. It is sold as a passenger multi-purpose vehicle or as a light commercial vehicle. For the European market, the Kangoo is manufactured at the MCA plant in Maubeuge, France.

The Kangoo was also marketed as a rebadged variant by Nissan in Europe as the Nissan Kubistar (first generation), Nissan NV250 (second generation) and Nissan Townstar (third generation). In September 2012, Mercedes-Benz began marketing a rebadged variant of the second generation Kangoo as the Mercedes-Benz Citan, which is also marketed as Mercedes EQT and Mercedes T-Class for the current generation.

As of June 2023, the electric variant, the Renault Kangoo Z.E., is Europe's top selling all-electric light commercial vehicle, with over 100,000 units produced.

Kilowatt-hour
A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units, which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities. Metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit, the watt-hour (3.6 kJ).
Billy the Rabbit
Billy the Rabbit is a collaborative album by Australians Gyan and Michael Leunig. released in September 2006, the project involves Gyan adapting several of Leunig's poems to music; with some additional lyrics contributed by Gyan. The album was released on the Muse Agency label containing a booklet of poems and illustrations by Leunig.

The album contains a duet with Paul Kelly on the closing track "The Path to Your Door" and contributions from James Cruickshank of The Cruel Sea and Tim Gaze; formerly of Rose Tattoo.

Gyan and Leuing launched the album at the Melbourne Writers Festival where Gyan sang and Leunig accompanied her whilst illustrating. The two artists' also performed together at the Byron Bay Writers Festival and performed at the Sydney Opera House in March 2007 and the Adelaide Cabaret Festival in June 2007. The show won the Sydney Theatre Award for Best Cabaret of 2007.

James Cruickshank
James George Watson, who performed as James Cruickshank (1962 – 8 October 2015), was an Australian musician. He was the long-term guitarist and keyboardist for indie rock group, the Cruel Sea. As a solo artist he released three albums, Hymn for Her (2003), Hello Human (2007) and Note to Self (2011). In 2014 he was diagnosed with bowel cancer and died in the following year, aged 53.
William Dixon Allott
William Dixon Allott (1 May 1817 – 19 November 1892) was Mayor of Adelaide 1873–1874.

Allott was born in Walsall, Staffordshire, England, the son of a minister. He was first apprenticed to a druggist and later was a member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. He arrived in South Australia in 1854, working as a chemist and druggist. Allott was the 18th mayor of Adelaide.

He died in Knightsbridge, South Australia in 1892.

Walsall
Walsall (/ˈwɔːlsɔːl/, or /ˈwɒlsɔːl/; locally /ˈwɔːsʊl/) is a market town and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, part of The Black Country in the West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is located 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Birmingham, 7 miles (11 km) east of Wolverhampton and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Lichfield.

Walsall was transferred from Staffordshire to the newly created West Midlands county in 1974. At the 2011 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 67,594, with the wider borough having a population of 269,323. Neighbouring settlements in the borough include Darlaston, Brownhills, Pelsall, Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.
L'Etivaz
L'Étivaz is a hard Swiss cheese made from raw cow's milk. It is classified as a Swiss-type or Alpine cheese, and is very similar to Gruyère surchoix in taste.

The cheese originates from and is named for L'Etivaz, a hamlet in the municipality of Château-d'Œx in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, located in the southwestern Swiss Alps, just under the Col des Mosses. The cheese is produced in the communes of Château-d'Œx, Rougemont, Rossinière, Ormont-Dessous, Ormont-Dessus, Leysin, Corbeyrier, Villeneuve, Ollon and Bex.

Leysin
Leysin is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in the Aigle district of Switzerland. It is first mentioned around 1231–32 as Leissins, in 1352 as Leisins.

Located in the Vaud Alps, Leysin is a sunny alpine resort village at the eastern end of Lake Geneva in proximity to Montreux, Lausanne, and Geneva. In earlier years, Leysin was known for its TB sanatorias; today it is most famous for spectacular Alpine views across the Rhône Valley towards the Dents du Midi and year-round mountain sports and recreational facilities.

The village of Leysin and hamlet of Veyges are a designated part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.