hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Independence Township, Nodaway County, Missouri
Independence Township is a township in Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 326. It contains 63 sections of land. Parnell is located in the southeast of the township. The places of Allison, Gaynor, and Orrsburg once existed in the western portion of the township.

Independence Township was erected in May, 1856 when the county court ordered the northern portion of Jackson Township to be called Independence Township. In 1863 some lands east of the present boundary were ceded to Worth County.

A settlement known as Luteston was located in the northeast of this township a bit west of  Sheridan. A post office named Lutzton operated here from 1861-1875.

Gaynor, Missouri
Gaynor is an extinct community in northeastern Nodaway County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It was the highest elevation community in Nodaway County; after its extinction,  Wilcox is now the highest elevation community in the county.
Courthouse Mountain
Courthouse Mountain is a 12,152-foot-elevation (3,704-meter) mountain summit located on the shared boundary of Hinsdale County with Ouray County, in southwest Colorado, United States. It is situated 10.5 miles east of the community of Ridgway, and south of Owl Creek Pass, in the Uncompahgre Wilderness, on land managed by Uncompahgre National Forest. It is part of the San Juan Mountains which are a subset of the Rocky Mountains, and is situated west of the Continental Divide. Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises nearly 2,000 feet (610 meters) above West Fork Cimarron River in approximately one-half mile, and with its prominence can be seen from Highway 550 near Ridgway. The mountain's name, which has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, was in use before 1906 when Henry Gannett published it in the Gazetteer of Colorado.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Cuxton
Cuxton is a village in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It lies on the left bank of the River Medway in the North Downs. It is served by the A228, and Cuxton railway station on the Medway Valley Line between Strood and Maidstone. A low valley leads up from the river to the hamlet of Lower Bush.

River Medway
The River Medway is a river in South East England. It rises in the High Weald, West Sussex and flows through Tonbridge, Maidstone and the Medway conurbation in Kent, before emptying into the Thames Estuary near Sheerness, a total distance of 70 miles (113 km). About 13 miles (21 km) of the river lies in East Sussex, with the remainder being in Kent.

The Medway has a catchment area of 930 square miles (2,409 km2), the second largest in southern England after the Thames. The map opposite shows only the major tributaries: a more detailed map shows the extensive network of smaller streams feeding into the main river. Those tributaries rise from points along the North Downs, the Weald and Ashdown Forest.
Chandra Kanta Devi Malla
Chandra Kanta Devi Malla (Nepali: चन्द्रकान्तदेवी मल्ल) was a Nepalese activist and teacher.

In 1897, Malla was born in Lalitpur, Nepal to Hindu reformist Madhavraj Joshi. She is also the sister of Shukraraj Shastri, a democracy activist, and a martyr.

At the age of 18, she married Umeshwar Lal Malla, later he left her. She worked at Kaiser Mahal as a maid.

In 1933, Malla received permission from the Ranas to open a girls' school. She later recalled that "while walking to the school and coming back home, people used to stare at me, as if I was a princess". The school was inaugurated by Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana. In 1941, her brother Shukraraj was sentenced to death by hanging by the state, which devastated Malla.

In 1961, she opened Shukraraj Shastri School, named after her brother. She died in 1986.

Malla is also referred to as the first guruama (feminine guru) in Nepal.

Kaiser Mahal
Kaiser Mahal is a Rana palace in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The palace complex, located west of the Narayanhity Palace, was incorporated in an impressive and vast array of courtyards, gardens and buildings.
Karl Geis
Karl Geis (1933 – April 7, 2014) was an American judo, aikido, and jodo instructor.  He died of prostate cancer. Karl Geis is a member of the Black Belt Magazine Hall of Fame, and the founder of Fugakukai International Association.

Jōdō
Jōdō (杖道), meaning "way of the jō", or jōjutsu (杖術), meaning "art of the jō", is a Japanese martial art using a short staff called jō.  The art is similar to bōjutsu, and is strongly focused upon defense against the Japanese sword. The jō is a short staff, usually about 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) long.
J. Wayne Streilein
J. Wayne Streilein (Johnstown, Pennsylvania, June 19, 1935 – March 15, 2004) was a scientist whose main area of research was the ocular immune system. He is known particularly for studying the mechanisms that keep the cornea avascular despite the inflammatory and other stimuli that usually promote small blood vessel ingrowth; these peculiar corneal mechanisms provide the basis for what is known as the "corneal antiangiogenic privilege".

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
2023 Tanahun–1 by-election
The 2023 Tanahun–1 by-election was held in the Tanahun 1 constituency of Nepal on 23 April 2023. The by-election was held as the result of the vacation of the seat by the sitting member, Ram Chandra Poudel, who was elected president on 9 March 2023. It was held alongside by-elections in Chitwan 2 and Bara 2.

Rastriya Swatantra Party's Swarnim Wagle, who had left the Nepali Congress a few weeks prior to the by-election citing differences with the party leadership, won the by-election securing over 54 percent of the votes cast.

Rastriya Swatantra Party
The Rastriya Swatantra Party (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी, lit. 'National Independence Party', abbr. RSP, RaSwaPa (Nepali: रास्वपा)) is a centrist political party in Nepal. The party was running as a coalition partner in Prachanda-led government with four cabinet ministries from 6 March 2024 to 12 July 2024.

Previously, it remained as a junior ally in the Prachanda-led government from 26 December 2022 until 5 February 2023. The party was announced by Rabi Lamichhane in June 2022 and registered with the Election Commission of Nepal on 1 July 2022, ahead of the 2022 Nepalese general election. The RSP was the fourth-largest national party in Nepal following the 2022 election.
Acleris robinsoniana
Acleris robinsoniana, Robinson's acleris moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from the north-eastern United States across southern Canada to British Columbia and south to California.

The length of the forewings is 8.1–8.7 mm. There are up to two generations per year with adults on wing from May to June.

The larvae feed on Rosa californica.

Rosa californica
Rosa californica, the California wildrose, or California rose, is a species of rose native to the U.S. states of California and Oregon and the northern part of Baja California, Mexico. The plant is native to chaparral and woodlands and the Sierra Nevada foothills, and can survive drought, though it grows most abundantly in moist soils near water sources.

This thorny, flowering, fruit-bearing shrub is also deciduous, and grows vertically up to six feet tall. The meaning of its name is twofold; Rosa, that it resembles or is composed of roses, and californica, that it originates from California.
Yvon Vallières
Yvon Vallières (French pronunciation: [ivɔ̃ valjɛʁ]; born February 5, 1949) is a retired Canadian politician and teacher. He was a member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Richmond in the Estrie region from 1973 to 1976 and from 1981 to 2012. Formerly the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from 2003 to 2007, he is the current chair of the Government Caucus. He was a member of the Quebec Liberal Party.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Govert Brasser
Govert Jacob Willem Brasser (born 24 April 1957, in The Hague) is a sailor from the Netherlands.  Since the Netherlands did boycott the Moscow Olympic Games Brasser represented his National Olympic Committee at the 1980 Summer Olympics, which was boycotted by several countries, in Tallinn, USSR under the Dutch NOC flag. With Willem van Walt Meijer as helmsman, Brasser took the 5th place in the Tornado.

NOC*NSF
The Dutch Olympic Committee*Dutch Sports Federation (Dutch: Nederlands Olympisch Comité*Nederlandse Sport Federatie; IOC Code: NED), generally abbreviated NOC*NSF, is the overall coordinating Dutch sports organisation that also functions as the Dutch National Olympic Committee and National Paralympic Committee. NOC*NSF, based at the National Sports Centre Papendal in Arnhem, is the umbrella organisation for sports in the Netherlands, representing more than 23,000 sports clubs and 5.2 million Dutch people involved in sports.
Opacus (cloud variety)
Opacus is a cloud variety that is found in stratocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, and stratus cloud types. This cloud variety has a dark and opaque appearance and hides the location of the Sun and Moon. This makes it the opposite of translucidus, which is translucent and gives away the location of the Sun and Moon.

Stratocumulus cloud
A stratocumulus cloud [Kämtz 1840], occasionally called a cumulostratus, belongs to a genus-type of clouds characterized by large dark, rounded masses, usually in groups, lines, or waves, the individual elements being larger than those in altocumulus, and the whole being at a lower height, usually below 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). Weak convective currents create shallow cloud layers (see also: sea of clouds) because of drier, stable air above preventing continued vertical development. Historically, in English, this type of cloud has been referred to as a twain cloud for being a combination of two types of clouds.
Inez Pijnenburg
W.R.J.M. "Inez" Pijnenburg-Adriaenssen  (born 13 May 1949) is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

Pijnenburg was a member of the States-Provincial of Gelderland from 1999 to 2002. She was an alderman of Arnhem from 2002 to 2006. From 2007 to 2008 she was acting mayor of Neder-Betuwe, and since 2008 she has been mayor of Heerde.

Heerde
Heerde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦeːrdə] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the province of Gelderland, in the eastern Netherlands. Compared to the rest of the Netherlands, Heerde is fairly religious, as are many of the towns and cities in the Veluwe region.
Gregory Hoversten
Gregory Bernard Hoversten (born June 10, 1957) is an American politician in the state of Iowa.

Hoversten attended University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences as well as the University of Iowa. He is a family physician. A Republican, he served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2001 to 2003 (1st district)

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Klamath (steamboat)
Klamath was the first and only vessel larger than a launch to operate on Lower Klamath Lake, which straddled the border between the U.S. states of Oregon and California. This vessel is chiefly known for having been hauled overland by rail from Lake Ewauna to Upper Klamath Lake. It was also one of only two licensed merchant vessels ever to operate on lower Klamath Lake. During 1905 to 1909, Klamath was an essential link in a transportation line to Klamath Falls which involved rail, stage coach, and steamer travel. The late arrival of railroads to the Klamath lakes region made riverine and lake transport more important to the area.

Lower Klamath Lake
Lower Klamath Lake is a lake in Siskiyou County, California. At one time it was connected to Upper Klamath Lake. It currently is used to hold overflow water for Klamath Project irrigation uses.

The lake is in Northern California, near the border with Oregon. The Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (est. 1908), which covers the northern part of the lake, extends from California into Oregon.

The area around the lake was in the homeland of the indigenous Modoc people, prior to mid−19th century Anglo−American immigration.
Lurk (TV series)
Lurk (Chinese: 潜伏) is a 2008 Chinese television series based on Long Yi's spy novel of the same name. A Republican-era espionage drama directed by Jiang Wei and Fu Wei, starring Sun Honglei, Yao Chen, Zu Feng, Feng Enhe, Shen Aojun, Wu Gang, and others. It mainly tells the story of Yu Zecheng, an officer in the Intelligence Department of the Nationalist Military Bureau of Investigation and Statistics, who defects to the Communist underground and becomes a spy embedded within the bureau in early 1945.

It premiered on Southern Television on December 20, 2008. At the end of 2008, Lurk was broadcast on local channels in Tianjin, Shandong, Chengdu, and other regions. On April 1, 2009, Lurk was broadcast nationwide on satellite channels including Heilongjiang Satellite TV, Dragon TV (Eastern Satellite TV), Beijing Satellite TV, and Chongqing Satellite TV. On its premiere day, Beijing Satellite TV achieved a viewership rating of 8.01%.

Chongqing Broadcasting Group
Chongqing Broadcasting Group (CBG; Chinese: 重庆广播电视集团; pinyin: Chóngqìng Guǎngbō Diànshì Jítuán) is a government-owned television network based in the city of Chongqing in southwestern China. Established in 1981, Chongqing Television has been the leading broadcasting network in Chongqing and its affiliated counties and districts. After Chongqing became a direct-controlled municipality in 1997, Chongqing Television became the official TV program to represent and propagate the cultures and development of Chongqing. Chongqing Television became a subdivision of Chongqing Broadcasting Group (along with People's Radio Broadcasting Station of Chongqing and many other subdivisions) in 2004 with a headquarter in Jiulongpo District. Its main channel, CTV (formerly CQTV) is carried on cable systems in urban areas throughout mainland China and is available nationwide on both analogue and digital satellites.
Energoatom
The Public JSC National nuclear energy generating company "Energoatom" (Ukrainian: ПАТ 'НАЕК "Енергоатом"', romanized: PAT NAEK 'Enerhoatom') is the public enterprise operating all four nuclear power plants in Ukraine (Zaporizhzhia, Rivne, South Ukraine, and Khmelnytskyi). It is the largest producer of electricity in Ukraine.

Netishyn
Netishyn (Ukrainian: Нетішин [neˈt⁽ʲ⁾iʃɪn] ⓘ; Polish: Niecieszyn) is a city in Shepetivka Raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province), in the west of Ukraine. It is located on the Horyn River. Netishyn hosts the administration of Netishyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 36,492 (2022 estimate).

Netishyn is the site of the Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant.

Until 18 July 2020, Netishyn was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three, the city of Netishyn was merged into Shepetivka Raion.
Indian War Whoop
Indian War Whoop is the third studio album by the Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1967 through ESP-Disk. The album is the band's first with contributions outside of the original members Peter Stampfel and Steve Weber. The title track is a cover of a song featured on Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music.

Harry Everett Smith
Harry Everett Smith (May 29, 1923 – November 27, 1991) was an American polymath, who was credited variously as an artist, experimental filmmaker, bohemian, mystic, record collector, hoarder, student of anthropology and a Neo-Gnostic bishop.

Smith was an important figure in the Beat Generation scene in New York City, and his activities, such as his use of mind-altering substances and interest in esoteric spirituality, anticipated aspects of the Hippie movement. Besides his films, such as his full length cutout animated film Heaven and Earth Magic (1962), Smith is also remembered for his influential Anthology of American Folk Music, drawn from his extensive collection of out-of-print commercial 78 rpm recordings.

Throughout his life Smith was an inveterate collector. Other than records, his collections included string figures, paper airplanes, Seminole textiles, and Ukrainian Easter eggs.
Descabezado Grande
Descabezado Grande (also Cerro Azul or Quizapu) is a stratovolcano located in the Maule Region of central Chile. It is capped by a 1.4-kilometre-wide (0.9 mi) ice-filled caldera and named for its flat-topped form, as descabezado means "headless" in Spanish. A smaller crater about 500 metres (1,600 ft) wide is found in the northeast part of the caldera, and it has active fumaroles.

The volcano is composed of andesite and rhyodacite lava flows along with pyroclastic flow deposits. It has a basal diameter of about 10 by 12 kilometres (6.2 by 7.5 mi) and a total volume of about 30 cubic kilometres (7.2 cu mi). Along with Cerro Azul, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the south, it lies at the center of a 20-by-30-kilometre (12-by-19-mile) volcanic field.

Volcanic field
A volcanic field is an area of Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. The type and number of volcanoes required to be called a "field" is not well-defined. Volcanic fields usually consist of clusters of up to 100 volcanoes such as cinder cones. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field.
Jorge Lara
Jorge Lara can refer to:

Jorge Salvador Lara (1926–2012), Ecuadorian politician

Jorge Lara Castro (born 1945), Paraguayan lawyer, sociologist and diplomat

Jorge Luis Lara Aguilar (born 1954), Mexican politician, deputy attorney-general

Jorge Alberto Lara Rivera (1966–2024), Mexican politician

Jorge A. Lara, screenplay author of 2013 Spanish adventure film Zip & Zap and the Marble Gang, nominated for 28th Goya Awards

Jorge Cerdán Lara (1897–1958), Mexican politician, governor of Veracruz

28th Goya Awards
The 28th Goya Awards were presented at the Madrid Marriott Auditorium Hotel in Madrid on February 9, 2014 to honour the best in Spanish films of 2013. Manel Fuentes was the master of ceremonies for the first time. Nominees were announced on January 7, 2014.Living Is Easy with Eyes Closed won six awards, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor and Best Original Screenplay, but Witching and Bitching won the most awards, with eight awards, including Best Supporting Actress.
Venning
Venning is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Venning (1846 - 1927), British colonial administrator and botanist

Annabel Venning (born 1973), British author and journalist

Dorothy Venning (1885–1942), British artist

Howard Venning (1915–1995), Australian politician

Ivan Venning (born 1945), Australian politician (son of Howard Venning)

John Venning (1776–1858), English merchant and prison reformer

Ralph Venning (c. 1621–1673 or 1674), English nonconformist Christian

Rosamond Venning (1848–1928), English translator, art collector, folklorist

Tom Venning, Australian politician (nephew of Ivan Venning, grandson of Howard Venning)

Walter Venning (1882–1964), British army officer and administrator

Walter Venning (philanthropist) (1781–1821), English merchant and philanthropist

Annabel Venning
Annabel Venning is a British author and journalist. She was educated at University College, Durham. After working at the Daily Mail in London, she left to write Following the Drum: The Lives of Army Wives and Daughters Past and Present (2005). In 2019 she published her second book, To War With the Walkers: One Family's Extraordinary Story of the Second World War.

Venning is the granddaughter of General Sir Walter Walker, a senior British soldier in the post-World War II period. Her father, Richard Venning, was a lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles).

Venning divides her working time between journalism including travel writing - and books. She has two adult children and lives in Wiltshire.
Philip Hogg
Philip Hogg is an Australian biochemical researcher and an academic. He is Head of ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Center at the Centenary Institute and Honorary Professor at the NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre at the University of Sydney.

Hogg is most known for research focusing on protein disulfide bonds and their functional role in thrombosis and cancer.

National Health and Medical Research Council
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) is the main statutory authority of the Australian Government responsible for medical research. It was the eighth largest research funding body in the world in 2016, and NHMRC-funded research is globally recognised for its high quality. Around 45% of all Australian medical research from 2008–12 was funded by the federal government, through the NHMRC.: 14

As an independent arm of the Department of Health, the NHMRC funds high quality health and medical research, builds research capability in Australia, support the translation of health and medical research into better health outcomes, and promote the ethics and integrity in research. Non-health research is funded by the Australian Research Council.