hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allt-y-Bela
Allt-y-Bela in Llangwm, Monmouthshire, Wales, is a house of late medieval origin with additions from the sixteenth to the twenty-first centuries. The name means "wood/wooded slope of the wolf/marten" in Welsh. During the early seventeenth century, it was owned by Roger Edwards, a wealthy Midlands merchant and the founder of Usk Grammar School.  Edwards made significant alterations in the Renaissance style to the medieval cruck house. By the twentieth century, the house was in ruins until restored by the Spitalfields Historic Buildings Trust in the early twenty-first century.  Now owned by the garden designer Arne Maynard, the house is a Grade II* listed building recognising its significance as an "exceptionally important sub-medieval house with ambitious early renaissance additions".

Marten
A marten is a weasel-like mammal in the genus Martes within the subfamily Guloninae, in the family Mustelidae. They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractile claws. The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on the species; it is valued by animal trappers for the fur trade. Martens are slender, agile animals, which are adapted to living in the taiga, and inhabit coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere.
Alex James (mathematician)
Alex James is a British and New Zealand applied mathematician and mathematical biologist whose research involves the mathematical modelling of wildlife behaviour, gender disparities in academia, and the epidemiology of COVID-19. She is a professor in the school of mathematics and statistics at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Richard Cockwell
John Richard Cockwell OBE (born 1939) is a British-born Falkland Islands politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Council for the Camp constituency from 1997 until 2001, and then as a member for the Stanley constituency from 2001 until 2009.

Cockwell grew up in Hampshire and attended Stanbridge Earls. He briefly worked as a shepherd on Salisbury Plain before moving to Australia. He moved to the Falkland Islands in 1964 to work at Packe Brothers and Co limited in Fox Bay, becoming the company's Manager in 1967.

He was elected to the Legislative Council at the 1997 general election for the Camp constituency and re-elected four years later as a member for Stanley. He didn't seek re-election in 2009.

Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands
The Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands is the unicameral legislature of the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands. The Legislative Assembly replaced the Legislative Council (which had existed since 1845) when the new Constitution of the Falklands came into force in 2009 and laid out the composition, powers and procedures of the islands' legislature.

The Legislative Assembly consists of eight elected members, three ex officio members (the Chief Executive, the Director of Finance and the Attorney General), and the Speaker. Although they take part in proceedings, the ex officio members do not have the right to vote in the Legislative Assembly. The Commander British Forces also has the right to take part in the proceedings of the Legislative Assembly, though again they may not vote.
Joseph N. Hall
Joseph N. Hall (born January 8, 1966) is an American author, software developer and programming consultant. Hall is known in the Perl programming community as the author of the book Effective Perl Programming with Randal L. Schwartz, and as a contributor of software to the CPAN.

In the mid-1970s, Hall received US media coverage as a child prodigy and as a survivor of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

CPAN
The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN: xvii ) is a software repository of over 220,000 software modules and accompanying documentation for 45,500 distributions, written in the Perl programming language by over 14,500 contributors. CPAN can denote either the archive network or the Perl program that acts as an interface to the network and as an automated software installer (somewhat like a package manager). Most software on CPAN is free and open source software.
HENON
HENON (HEliospheric pioNeer for sOlar and interplanetary threats defeNce), is a planned space weather and technology demonstration mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the form of a 12U CubeSat. It will be ESA's first stand-alone deep space CubeSat. The goal of the mission is to demonstrate solar storm forecasting capabilities with 3–6 hours of advance warning before a storm reaches Earth, a considerable improvement compared to the current warning time. The launch of HENON is planned for the end of 2026.

Argotec
Argotec is an Italian aerospace engineering company, founded in 2008 in Turin, Italy by David Avino, with offices in Maryland and Florida, USA and operations at EAC in Cologne, Germany. The company is engaged in the production of small satellites (up to 200 kg) and the development of engineering solutions aimed at supporting the comfort of astronauts in orbit.
Eduard Hämäläinen
Eduard Hämäläinen (born 21 January 1969 in Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union) is a retired decathlete from Finland and Belarus.

He originally competed for the Soviet Union and then Belarus after the Soviet dissolution, but changed nationality. His great-grandfather had moved from Finland to Russia before 1917 and was later deported to Kazakhstan. He was a frequent competitor in the European Athletics Championships, including the men's decathlon event in 1998. During his career he won three silver medals at World Championships.

1998 European Athletics Championships – Men's decathlon
The men's decathlon competition at the 1998 European Athletics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, was held on 18 August and 19 August 1998. The event was one of the permit meetings of the inaugural 1998 IAAF World Combined Events Challenge.
Dihydroxydisulfane
Dihydroxydisulfane or hypodithionous acid is a reduced sulfur oxyacid with sulfur in a formal oxidation state of +1, but the valence of sulfur is 2. The structural formula is HO−S−S−OH, with all atoms arranged in a chain. It is an isomer of thiosulfurous acid but is lower in energy. Other isomers include HOS(=O)SH, HOS(=S)OH, and HS(=O)2SH. Disulfur monoxide, S2O, can be considered as the anhydride. Unlike many of these other reduced sulfur acids, dihydroxydisulfane can be formed in a pure state by reacting hydrogen sulfide with sulfur dioxide at −70 °C in dichlorodifluoromethane.

H2S + SO2 → H2S2O2

Dihyroxydisulfane may exist in an equilibrium with thiosulfurous acid.

Organic derivatives such as dimethoxydisulfane, diaceto disulfide, and bis(trifluoroaceto) disulfide also exist.

The conjugate bases are called disulfanediolate HS2O−2 and hypodithionite S2O2−2.

Oxyacid
An oxyacid, oxoacid, or ternary acid is an acid that contains oxygen. Specifically, it is a compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and at least one other element, with at least one hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen that can dissociate to produce the H+ cation and the anion of the acid.
Land of Dreams
Land of Dreams can refer to:

Land of Dreams (mythology)

Land of Dreams (Randy Newman album), a 1988 album by Randy Newman

Land of Dreams (1988 film), a 1988 Swedish film

Land of Dreams (1993 film), a 1993 Egyptian film

Land of Dreams (2021 film), a 2021 American film

Land of Dreams (Mark Owen album), a 2022 album by Mark Owen

A fantasy novel by James P. Blaylock

A song by Rosanne Cash

A song by Eddie Heywood and Norman Gimbel

Land of Dreams (Mark Owen album)
Land of Dreams is the fifth solo studio album from Take That band member, Mark Owen. The album was released on 23 September 2022, nine years after his fourth album. The album was preceded by three singles: "You Only Want Me", "Are You Looking for Billy?" and "Magic".
BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design
The BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design is a film award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) at the annual British Academy Film Awards to recognize a designer who has delivered outstanding costume design in a film.

BAFTA is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, and video games (and formerly also for children's film and television). Since 1964, selected costume designers have been awarded with the BAFTA award for Best Costume Design at an annual ceremony.

In the following lists, the titles and names in bold with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.

British Academy Games Awards
The BAFTA Games Awards or British Academy Games Awards are an annual British awards ceremony honouring "outstanding creative achievement" in the video game industry. First presented in 2004 following the restructuring of the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Awards, the awards are presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA).

Since the inaugural BAFTA Games Awards in February 2004, twenty ceremonies have taken place. The most recent, the 21st British Academy Games Awards, were held at the Queen Elizabeth Hall on 8 April 2025.
Folcric
Folcric (Latin Folcricus, Flochericus, Fulchericus, Fulcherius, French Foucher) was a Frankish cleric. He served under King Charles the Bald as a palace notary before being appointed bishop of the diocese of Troyes in 861. He succeeded the famous historian Prudentius as bishop.

At the height of his career at the royal court, Folcric was Charles's busiest notary. Of the sixteen preserved royal charters written in 859, almost three quarters (eleven) were drawn up by Folcric.

Folcric was a friend and correspondent of Abbot Lupus of Ferrières. In a letter of March 862 Lupus thanked him for visiting Ferrières and giving its monks and treasure shelter in his estate at Aix-en-Othe during a Viking raid.

Folcric died in 869.

Lupus Servatus
Lupus Servatus, also Servatus Lupus (c. 805 – c. 862), in French Loup, was a Benedictine monk and Abbot of Ferrières Abbey during the Carolingian dynasty, who was also a member of Charles the Bald's court and a noted theological author of the 9th century. He is sometimes regarded as the first humanist of the Early Middle Ages because of the quality of his literary style, his love of learning, and his work as a scribe and textual critic.
Malakhovka
Malakhovka (Russian: Мала́ховка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Malakhovka, Moscow Oblast, a suburb of Moscow with historic dachas in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast;, classified as an urban-type settlement.

Rural localities

Malakhovka, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Kletnyansky District of Bryansk Oblast

Malakhovka, Kursk Oblast, a village in Rylsky District of Kursk Oblast

Malakhovka, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Sorochinsky District of Orenburg Oblast

Malakhovka, Pskov Oblast, a village in Porkhovsky District of Pskov Oblast

Malakhovka, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Ozinsky District of Saratov Oblast

Malakhovka, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Roslavlsky District of Smolensk Oblast

Lyuberetsky District
Lyuberetsky District (Russian: Любере́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast east of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is 122.31 square kilometers (47.22 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Lyubertsy. Population: 265,113 (2010 Census);  255,720 (2002 Census); 139,730 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Lyubertsy accounts for 65.1% of the district's total population.
Robert Levin (musicologist)
Robert David Levin (born October 13, 1947) is an American classical pianist, musicologist, and composer. He was a professor of music at Harvard University from 1993 to 2014 and the artistic director of the Sarasota Music Festival from 2007 to 2017.

John Eliot Gardiner
Sir John Eliot Gardiner (born 20 April 1943) is an English conductor, particularly known for his performances of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, especially the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage of 2000, performing Bach's church cantatas in liturgical order in churches all over Europe, and New York City, with the Monteverdi Choir, and recording them at the locations.
Chris Smith (American football coach)
Christopher Smith (born c. 1950) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach for Grove City College from 1984 to 2015. He also coached for Perry High School and Western Kentucky. He played college football for Grove City as a safety.

Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football
The Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football program is a college football team that represents Western Kentucky University. The team competes at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level and represents the university as a member of Conference USA in the Eastern division. The 2002 team was the FCS national champion. The program has 13 conference championships (1 SIAA, 9 OVC, 1 Gateway, 2 Conference USA) and 7 FBS-level bowl game victories. The Hilltoppers play their home games at Houchens Industries–L. T. Smith Stadium in Bowling Green, Kentucky and the team's head football coach is Tyson Helton.
III Royal Bavarian Corps
The III Royal Bavarian Army Corps / III Bavarian AK (German: III. Königlich Bayerisches Armee-Korps) was a corps level command of the Royal Bavarian Army, part of the Imperial German Army, before and during World War I.

As the German and Bavarian Armies expanded in the latter part of the 19th century, the III Royal Bavarian Army Corps of the Bavarian Army was set up on 1 April 1900 in Nuremberg as the Generalkommando (headquarters) for Middle Franconia, the Upper Palatinate and parts of Upper Franconia, Lower Bavaria and Upper Bavaria. Like all Bavarian formations, it was assigned to the IV Army Inspectorate which became the 6th Army at the start of the First World War. The Corps was disbanded at the end of the War.

Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is an administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, which are all part of Bavaria.

With more than 200 independent breweries which brew approximately 1000 different types of beer, Upper Franconia has the world's highest brewery-density per capita. A special Franconian beer route (Fränkische Brauereistraße) runs through many popular breweries.
Garth railway station (Bridgend)
Garth railway station (Bridgend) is a railway station serving the village of Garth, Bridgend, Wales. It is located on the Maesteg Line from Cardiff via Bridgend. The station is known as Garth (Bridgend) in order to differentiate it from Garth (Powys).

Bridgend
Bridgend (English:  /brɪˈdʒɛnd/; Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr or just Pen-y-bont, meaning "the end of the bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in the Bridgend County Borough of Wales, 20 miles (32 km) west of Cardiff and 20 miles (32 km) east of Swansea.  The town is named after the medieval bridge over the River Ogmore. The River Ewenny also flows through the town. The population was 49,597 in 2021. Bridgend is within the Cardiff Capital Region which in 2019 had a population of approximately 1.54 million.

Historically a part of Glamorgan, Bridgend has greatly expanded in size since the early 1980s – the 2001 census recorded a population of 39,429 for the town.
Andrew Bolton (rower)
Andrew Bolton (born January 24, 1980) is a retired American competitor in lightweight rowing. He won a gold medal in the eights at the 2008 World Championships and placed second in 2003. He also won a silver medal in the coxless fours at the 2007 Pan American Games.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.
Norman Goodwin
Norman J. Goodwin (January 5, 1913 – April 2, 2010) was an American politician.

A native of Austin, Minnesota, Norman Goodwin was born to parents Niels and Nellie Goodwin on January 5, 1913. He attended LaBarr Grade School before graduating from Austin High School. Goodwin earned a bachelor's and master's degree from the University of Minnesota in 1936 and 1945, respectively.

Goodwin moved to Clinton County, Iowa, where he farmed and served as county extension director from 1951 to 1978. He was elected to his first term on the Iowa Senate later that year, and represented District 39 for four years as a Republican. Goodwin subsequently won two terms for District 19.

In later life, Goodwin moved to Bayport, Minnesota, and died at Lakeview Hospital in Stillwater on April 2, 2010, aged 97.

Stillwater, Minnesota
Stillwater is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Washington County. It is in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, on the west bank of the St. Croix River, across from Houlton, Wisconsin. Stillwater's population was 19,394 at the 2020 census. Stillwater is often called "the birthplace of Minnesota" due to its role in the establishment of the state.
Techniques (album)
Techniques is a compilation album by rock band Modern Baseball. It contains 16 tracks which are songs compiled from previous EPs Couples Therapy, The Nameless Ranger and demos from albums Sports and You're Gonna Miss It All. There is also an original song titled "Secret Bonus Track". The name of the album is a reference to the book that the band lifted their name from, Modern Baseball Techniques. Although it is believed they were misremembering the book Modern Baseball Strategies by Paul Richards.

Modern Baseball
Modern Baseball (sometimes abbreviated as MoBo) was an American emo band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, consisting of Bren Lukens, Jake Ewald, Sean Huber, and Ian Farmer. The band formed in 2012 at Drexel University and released their first album, Sports, on Lame-O Records that same year. Their following albums, You're Gonna Miss It All and Holy Ghost, were released on Run For Cover Records in 2014 and 2016 respectively. The group has been on hiatus since 2017.
Gary Tennis
Gary Tennis is a drug and alcohol policy expert who served as president and chief executive officer of the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws from 2017 to 2021. Before that, he served as Pennsylvania's first Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs from 2012 to 2017. He was appointed by Governor Tom Corbett, re-appointed by Governor Tom Wolf in 2015 and was dismissed by Wolf in 2017.

Tom Wolf
Thomas Westerman Wolf (born November 17, 1948) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 47th governor of Pennsylvania from 2015 to 2023. He previously served as chairman and CEO of his business, The Wolf Organization, and later as secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue from April 2007 to November 2008.

A member of the Democratic Party, Wolf won his party's nomination for governor of Pennsylvania in 2014 and defeated Republican incumbent Tom Corbett in the general election by a margin of almost 10 percentage points. He was reelected in 2018. Wolf was succeeded by fellow Democrat Josh Shapiro in 2023.
Djely Tapa
Djely Tapa is the stage name of Sountougoumba Diarra, a Malian-Canadian musician, who performs and records both as a solo artist, and as leader of the Afrobeat group Afrikana Soul Sister. Her solo album Barokan won the Juno Award for World Music Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2020.

Born and raised in Mali, Diarra moved to Canada to study sciences, but retained her interest and participation in music. Her music draws on the griot tradition of West African music and literature.

Juno Awards of 2020
The Juno Awards of 2020, the 49th Juno Awards, was an awards presentation that was to be held at SaskTel Centre in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on 15 March 2020. The awards and associated events were cancelled due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, making it the first Juno Awards since 1988 to be cancelled. The award winners were announced on 29 June 2020 in an online event.
Daniel Spry
Major General Daniel Charles Spry CBE DSO CD (February 4, 1913 – April 2, 1989) was a senior Canadian Army officer who commanded the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division during Operation Veritable in World War II.

Operation Blockbuster
Operation Blockbuster was the completion of the larger Operation Veritable by the First Canadian Army, reinforced by the XXX Corps from the British Second Army from late February to early March, 1945. Veritable had been slower and more costly than expected and the Canadian commander, General Harry Crerar, had decided on a fresh start for the operation. Three British and Canadian divisions advanced south-eastwards, capturing unprepared German positions in the Hochwald forested ridge, before advancing on Xanten. They linked up with the Ninth US Army at Berendonk, near Geldern on 3 March.
IPB
IPB can refer to one of the following:

Bogor Agricultural University (Institut Pertanian Bogor), an agricultural institute in Indonesia

Intelligence preparation of the battlespace, US Field Manual FM 3.05-301

International Peace Bureau

Investiční a poštovní banka, Czech bank

Invision Power Board

UK Investigatory Powers Bill

Isolated-phase bus

Italian Peoples Bakery, a bakery based in Trenton, New Jersey

Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, research institute in Halle, Germany

Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil), a Brazilian Protestant church

UPLB Institute of Plant Breeding at the University of the Philippines, Los Baños

IPB compression, a method of video compression using I-frames, P-frames and B-frames

University of the Philippines Los Baños Institute of Plant Breeding
The Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) is a research institute of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. It is the national biotechnology research center and repository for all crops other than rice, which is handled by the Philippine Rice Research Institute.

It traces its roots to the Plant Breeding Division of the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture. Dr. Emil Q. Javier later spearheaded the elevation of the division to an institute, which was approved and given funding under Presidential Decree No. 729 in June 1975, with Javier also serving as the institute's first director.