hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Retail park
A retail park is a type of shopping centre found on the fringes of most large towns and cities in the United Kingdom and other European countries. Retail parks form a key aspect of European retail geographies, alongside indoor shopping centres, standalone stores like hypermarkets and more traditional high streets. They are a similar retail model to the North American power centers, neighborhood shopping centers and strip malls.

Cushman & Wakefield define a retail park as any shopping centre with mostly retail warehouse units, of a size 5,000 square metres (54,000 sq ft) or larger.

Retail parks have a number of retailers in a single location, but as opposed to an indoor centre, there is no roof, and they are therefore not weatherproof.

Hypermarket
A hypermarket or superstore is a big-box store combining a supermarket and a department store. The result is an expansive retail facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including full grocery lines and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine shopping needs in one trip. The term hypermarket (French: hypermarché) was coined in 1968 by the French trade expert Jacques Pictet.

Hypermarkets, like other big-box stores, typically have business models focusing on high-volume, low-margin sales. Typically covering an area of 5,000 to 15,000 square metres (54,000 to 161,000 sq ft), they generally have more than 200,000 different brands of merchandise available at any one time. Because of their large footprints, many hypermarkets choose suburban or out-of-town locations that are easily accessible by automobile.
Gustaf Adolf Montgomery
Gustaf Adolf Montgomery (1790–1861) was a Finnish colonel. Born in Finland before the separation of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden, he was old enough to take part in the Finnish War (1808–09) on the losing Swedish/Finnish side. He served as an adjutant in the army of general Carl Johan Adlercreutz.

In 1848 he published a book, Historia öfver kriget emellan Sverige och Ryssland 1808 och 1809, critical of the Swedish leadership and praising the Russians. This book was the basis of The Tales of Ensign Stål by Johan Ludvig Runeberg.

Finnish War
The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget; Russian: Финляндская война; Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.
Byblos clay cone inscriptions
The Byblos clay cones inscriptions are Phoenician inscriptions (TSSI III 2,3) on two clay cones discovered around 1950.

They were first published in Maurice Dunand's Fouilles de Byblos (volume II, 1954), but it was only twenty years later that their extremely old age was fully realized: they are now dated to the eleventh century BCE.

They are currently at the National Museum of Beirut.

Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, are the primary extra-Biblical sources for understanding of the societies and histories of Phoenicia, the Israelites, and the Arameans, which includes groups within the Northwest Semitic languages. Northwest Semitic contains the Aramaic and Canaanite languages; the latter groups includes Phoenician—Punic, the Ammonite language, and Hebrew.

Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, ostraca, and ornaments and range from simple names to full texts.

The oldest inscriptions form a dialect continuum that includes Canaanite languages and Aramaic, exemplified by writings which scholars have struggled to fit into either category, such as the Stele of Zakkur and the Deir Alla inscription.
Boxing at the 1954 Asian Games – Men's 54 kg
The men's bantamweight (54 kilograms) event at the 1954 Asian Games took place from 5 to 8 May 1954 at Rizal Memorial Sports Complex, Manila, Philippines.

Like all Asian Games boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament with a third place match to determine the bronze medalist. The competition began with a preliminary round on 5 May 1954, where the number of competitors was reduced to 4, and concluded with the final on 8 May 1954.

Rizal Memorial Sports Complex
The Rizal Memorial Sports Complex (RMSC; formerly known as Rizal Memorial Field) is a national sports complex of the Philippines, located on Pablo Ocampo St. (formerly Vito Cruz St.), Malate, Manila. It is named in honor of the country's national hero, José Rizal (1861–1896). The complex is currently managed by the Philippine Sports Commission, while the property is owned by the Manila City government. The complex also houses the administrative office of the PSC, and quarters for the Philippines' national athletes.
Penketh High School
Penketh High School is a secondary school  in Penketh, Warrington. It is a co-educational, non-denominational academy school for 11 to 16 year olds. It converted from comprehensive to academy status in April 2013. In April 2018, Mr. John Carlin, one of the youngest headteachers in the United Kingdom, took the role of headteacher at Penketh.

The school has a partnership with Kwadeda High School in South Africa, who helped to produce a feature film called The Opportunity. This film was targeted at teenage audiences, to make them aware of HIV, drugs and other problems, that are high risk factors in South Africa.

Non-denominational
A non-denominational person or organization is one that does not follow (or is not restricted to) any particular or specific religious denomination.

The term has been used in the context of various faiths, including Jainism, Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism, Unitarian Universalism, Neo-Paganism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Wicca. It stands in contrast with a religious denomination. Religious people of a non-denominational persuasion tend to be more open-minded in their views on various religious matters and rulings. Some converts towards non-denominational strains of thought have been influenced by disputes over traditional teachings in the previous institutions they attended. Nondenominationalism has also been used as a tool for introducing neutrality into a public square when the local populace is derived from a wide-ranging set of religious beliefs.
Paul F. Bender
Paul Frank Bender (February 12, 1896 – December 4, 1992) was an American football and wrestling coach. He served as the head football coach at Iowa State Teachers College—now known as the University of Northern Iowa—from 1925 to 1929, compiling a record of 25–9–6. Bender was as the head wrestling coach at Iowa State Teachers from 1922 to 1930.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
Boris Rufimovich Vainberg
Boris Rufimovich Vainberg (Russian: Бори́с Руфи́мович Ва́йнберг) is a professor of mathematics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He was born in 1938. He received his Dr.S. from Moscow State University, under the supervision of Samarii Galpern. He taught mathematics at Moscow State University for nearly 30 years, then held a visiting professor position at the University of Delaware before taking his current position at UNCC.

His research concerns differential equations, scattering theory, and spectral theory. A survey of his research and publications is also presented in an article on his 80th birthday in the Russian Mathematical Surveys (Russian) and (English).

University of North Carolina at Charlotte
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte, or simply Charlotte) is a public research university in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. UNC Charlotte offers 24 doctoral, 66 master's, and 79 bachelor's degree programs through nine colleges. It is classified among "R1: Very High Research Spending and Doctorate Production."

The university experienced rapid enrollment growth in the late 2000s and early-mid 2010s when it was the fastest-growing institution in the UNC System.

It has two campuses: the Main Campus, located in University City, and the Center City Campus in Uptown Charlotte. The main campus sits on 1,000 wooded acres with approximately 85 buildings about 8 miles (13 km) from Uptown Charlotte.
Rennet
Rennet (/ˈrɛnɪt/) is a complex set of enzymes produced in the stomachs of ruminant mammals. Its key component is chymosin, a protease enzyme that curdles the casein proteins in milk. Rennet also contains other enzymes such as pepsin and a lipase.

Rennet has traditionally been used to separate milk into solid curds and liquid whey, used in the production of cheeses. Rennet from calves has become less common for this use, to the point that less than 5% of cheese in the United States is made using animal rennet today. Most cheese is now made using chymosin derived from bacterial sources.

Lipase
Lipase is a class  of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats. Some lipases display broad substrate scope including esters of cholesterol, phospholipids, and of lipid-soluble vitamins and sphingomyelinases; however, these are usually treated separately from "conventional" lipases. Unlike esterases, which function in water, lipases "are activated only when adsorbed to an oil–water interface". Lipases perform essential roles in digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids in most, if not all, organisms.
Gonzalo Echenique
Gonzalo Óscar Echenique Saglietti (born 27 April 1990) is an Argentine-born Italian professional water polo player. He was part of the Spanish team at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where the team finished in seventh place.

He became World champion as a member of the Italian team at the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, Korea in 2019.

Italy men's national water polo team
The Italy national water polo team represents Italy in men's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto (the Italian Aquatics Federation). The national men's team has the nickname of "Settebello" (lit. 'Nice Seven'), the term for the seven of diamonds in the Italian card game scopa and a pun on a standard water polo team having seven players.

The Italian men's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals, 7 World Championships, 5 World Cup, 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals, making them one of the most successful men's water polo teams in the world. They have won a combined twelve championships in those five competitions, with the World League, the last competition which Italy won in 2022.
Same Sky Books
Same Sky Books (Thai: สำนักพิมพ์ฟ้าเดียวกัน; RTGS: samnakphim fa deaw kan) is a Thai language publishing house focusing on political activism and criticism of politics and society of Thailand. It published Same Sky (Thai: ฟ้าเดียวกัน; RTGS: fa deaw kan), a quarterly journal from 2003 to 2022, in addition to other books and articles.

The quarterly journal has ceased publishing in May 2022 due to article shortages with the 56th issue being the final edition. The publishing house stated that only the periodical has terminated, whist other non-periodical new covers will continue to be released.

The publishing house was accused of Lèse-majesté leading to its website being inaccessible in 2008. The Ministry of Information and Communication Technology declined involvement. The ministry, however, stated that the site had been under a close watch due to "violent" contents that were in contrary to the national atmosphere filled with mourn of Galyani Vadhana's recent death.

Galyani Vadhana
Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Naradhiwas (Thai: กัลยาณิวัฒนา; Thai pronunciation: [kān.lā.jāː.ní.wát.tʰā.nāː]; 6 May 1923 – 2 January 2008) was a princess of Thailand and the elder sister of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). She was also a direct granddaughter of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and Queen Sri Savarindira and the aunt of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X).
Ramayana circuit
The Ramayana circuit (Devnagari: रामायण सर्किट) is a tourism circuit developed by the Government of India to promote tourism at the destinations related to Ramayana in the Indian subcontinent. It is developed under the Swadesh Darshan scheme of Ministry of Tourism. Initially, the ministry of tourism identified fifteen destinations for the Ramayana circuit in India. They are Ayodhya, Nandigram, Shringverpur & Chitrakoot in Uttar Pradesh, Sitamarhi, Buxar & Darbhanga in Bihar, Chitrakoot in Madhya Pradesh, Mahendragiri in Odisha, Jagdalpur in Chhattisgarh, Nashik & Nagpur in Maharashtra, Bhadrachalam in Telangana, Hampi in Karnataka and Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu. It also include the city of Janakpur in Nepal.

Bhadrachalam
Bhadrachalam is a census town in Bhadradri Kothagudem district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is an important Hindu pilgrimage town with the Bhadrachalam Temple of Rama, situated on the banks of Godavari River. It is located 325 kilometres (202 mi) east of state capital, Hyderabad,115 kilometres (71 mi) from Khammam,178 kilometres (111 mi) from Suryapet,180 kilometres (112 mi) from Warangal,187 kilometres (116 mi) from Vijayawada, 220 kilometres (137 mi) and 350 kilometres (217 mi) from Visakhapatnam.
J. Eggleston
John Eggleston III (born 1966) is an American politician. He is a former member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 2nd District, first elected in 2014. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was term-limited in 2022 and could not run for reelection to the Missouri House, so he filed to run for Missouri Senate District 12.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Mouse Trouble
Mouse Trouble is a 1944 American one-reel animated cartoon short and is the 17th Tom and Jerry short produced by Fred Quimby. It was directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, with music direction by Scott Bradley. The cartoon was animated by Ray Patterson, Irven Spence, Ken Muse and Pete Burness. Mouse Trouble won the 1944 Oscar for Best Animated Short Film, the second consecutive award bestowed upon the series. It was released in theatres on November 23, 1944 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer and reissued on December 12, 1951.

Scott Bradley (composer)
Walter Scott Bradley (November 26, 1891 – April 27, 1977) was an American composer, pianist, arranger, and conductor.

Bradley is best remembered for scoring MGM's theatrical cartoons, including those starring Tom and Jerry, Barney Bear, Screwy Squirrel, Droopy, George and Junior and many one-off cartoons.
The Siege of Meaux
The Siege of Meaux is a 1794 historical tragedy by the English writer Henry James Pye. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 19 May 1794. It is set around the fighting at Meaux in the wake of the Battle of Poitiers during the Hundred Years War. The original cast included William Farren as Duke of Orleans, Alexander Pope as Baron St Pol, Joseph George Holman as Earl of Douglas, James Middleton as Captal De Buche, George Davies Harley as Dubois and Elizabeth Pope as Matilda.

History (theatrical genre)
History is one of the three main genres in Western theatre alongside tragedy and comedy, although it originated, in its modern form, thousands of years later than the other primary genres. For this reason, it is often treated as a subset of tragedy.  A play in this genre is known as a history play and is based on a historical narrative, often set in the medieval or early modern past. History emerged as a distinct genre from tragedy in Renaissance England. The best known examples of the genre are the history plays written by William Shakespeare, whose plays still serve to define the genre. History plays also appear elsewhere in Western literature, such as Thomas Heywood's Edward IV, Schiller's Mary Stuart or the Dutch national poet Joost van den Vondel's play Gijsbrecht van Aemstel.
Georges Pruvôt
Georges Florentin Pruvôt (11 April 1852, Saint-Amand-Montrond – 15 October 1924, Paris) was a French zoologist. He was the husband of malacologist Alice Pruvot-Fol (1873-1972).

He studied in Paris, obtaining his medical doctorate in 1882, followed by his doctorate in natural sciences in 1885. From 1885 he was a lecturer to the faculty of sciences in Paris, later relocating to Grenoble, where in 1893 he became a professor of zoology. In 1898 he returned to Paris as chef des travaux de zoologie (chief of zoological research). In 1900 he was named director of the laboratory at Banyuls-sur-Mer, and two years later, began giving classes in comparative anatomy in Paris.

The solenogaster genus Pruvotia was named after him by Johannes Thiele. Also, organisms with the specific epithet of pruvoti are named in his honor.

Comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is a study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species).

The science began in the classical era, continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons of birds and humans.

Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals.
The Diary of Anne Frank (2009 TV series)
The Diary of Anne Frank is a BBC adaptation, in association with France 2, of The Diary of a Young Girl originally written by Anne Frank from 1942 to 1944 and adapted for television by Deborah Moggach.

It was shown from 5–9 January 2009 in five half-hour episodes. Representatives of the BBC have said that they "hope [that] this drama will bring Anne [Frank] alive to viewers of all generations." A DVD of the series was released on 12 January 2009. It also aired on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Public television in the United States on 11 April 2010, as part of its Masterpiece series. The American broadcast was cut from 150 minutes to 100 and broadcast in one evening instead of over five evenings.

Masterpiece (TV series)
Masterpiece, styled as MASTERPIECE (formerly known as Masterpiece Theatre), is a drama anthology television series produced by WGBH Boston. It premiered on PBS on January 10, 1971. The series has presented numerous acclaimed British productions. Many of these are produced by the BBC, but the lineup has also included programs shown on the UK channels ITV1, Channel 4, and Channel 5.
Dominique Harize
Dominique Harize (born 26 February 1956) is a former rugby union player who was capped 9 times. He played with France

Harize played as Wing for the Stade Toulousain. He was a member of the French team that won the Five Nations Championship in 1977 (Grand Slam) with the same fifteen players in all four matches and without conceding a try.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Silver Lake (Serbia)
Silver Lake or Srebrno Lake (Serbian: Сребрно језеро / Srebrno jezero, lit. 'Silver Lake') is an oxbow lake along the right Danube bank in the Braničevo region in eastern Serbia, near the town of Veliko Gradište. It is a popular tourist resort.

Grass carp
The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a species of large herbivorous freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, native to the Pacific Far East, with a native range stretching from northern Vietnam to the Amur River on the Sino-Russian border. This Asian carp is the only species of the genus Ctenopharyngodon.

Grass carp are resident fish of large turbid rivers and associated floodplain lakes/wetlands with a wide range of temperature tolerance, and spawn at temperatures of 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F). It has been cultivated as a food fish in China for centuries, being known as one of the "Four Great Domestic Fish" (Chinese: 四大家鱼), but was later introduced to Europe and the United States for aquatic weed control, becoming the fish species with the largest reported farmed production globally, over five million tonnes per year.
Safia Lebdi
Safia Lebdi (born on February 6, 1974, in Clermont-Ferrand) is a French politician and activist.

Advocating feminism and secularism, and a member of Europe Écologie Les Verts, in 2007 she created the Insoumis-es movement, of which she is president. She is also president of Legalize, a pro-cannabis association.

The Ecologists
The Ecologists – Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Les Écologistes – Europe Écologie Les Verts), commonly known as The Ecologists (French: Les Écologistes, LÉ) and formerly as Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Europe Écologie Les Verts [øʁɔp ekɔlɔʒi le vɛʁ], EELV [ə ɛl ve]) until 2023, is a centre-left to left-wing green political party in France. The party is a member of the European Green Party. It was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.
Parangcho
Parangcho (Korean: 파랑초; Hanja: 波浪礁), also known as Dingyan Islet (simplified Chinese: 丁岩礁; traditional Chinese: 丁巖礁; pinyin: Dīngyán Jiāo), is a disputed submerged reef about 4.5 km from Socotra Rock in the Yellow Sea.
The reef is about 372 metres (1,220 ft) long by 169 metres (554 ft) wide and 24–27 metres (79–89 ft) below the surface.
33°08′45″N 125°13′25″E﻿ / ﻿33.1458°N 125.2236°E﻿ / 33.1458; 125.2236

In 1999, the reef was named Dingyan Islet by China.

In 2006, it was named Parangcho by the South Korean government. The South Korean Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries has stated that it will seek to register the reef's name with global organizations and for maps.

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.