hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diadinoxanthin
Diadinoxanthin is a pigment found in phytoplankton. It has the formula C40H54O3. It gives rise to the xanthophylls diatoxanthin and dinoxanthin.

Diadinoxanthin is a plastid pigment. Plastid pigments include chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, heteroxanthin, diatoxanthin, and diadinoxanthin.

Diadinoxanthin is a carotenoid. It is found in diatoms, along with other carotenoids like fucoxanthin and beta-carotene. Diatoms are referred to as golden-brown microalgae because of the color of their plastids and because the carotenoids mask chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-c.

Diadinoxanthin is a xanthophyll. Xanthophyll pigments are photoprotective pigments that help protect cells from harmful effects of too much light energy (light saturation). It is present in cells along with diatoxanthin (another xanthophyll). Diadinoxanthin is stockpiled in the cell to become available when needed. Thus it is the inactive precursor of diatoxanthin, which is the active energy dissipator.

Chlorophyll c
Chlorophyll c refers to forms of chlorophyll found in certain marine algae, including the photosynthetic Chromista (e.g. diatoms and brown algae) and dinoflagellates. These pigments are characterized by their unusual chemical structure, with a porphyrin as opposed to the chlorin (which has a reduced ring D) as the core; they also do not have an isoprenoid tail. Both these features stand out from the other chlorophylls commonly found in algae and plants.

It has a blue-green color and is an accessory pigment, particularly significant in its absorption of light in the 447–520 nm wavelength region. Like chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, it helps the organism gather light and passes a quanta of excitation energy through the light harvesting antennae to the photosynthetic reaction centre.

Chlorophyll c can be further divided into chlorophyll c1, chlorophyll c2, and chlorophyll c3, plus at least eight other more recently found subtypes.
2001 Qatar Open – Doubles
Mark Knowles and Max Mirnyi were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Knowles with Daniel Nestor and Mirnyi with Yevgeny Kafelnikov.

Kafelnikov and Mirnyi lost in the quarterfinals to Juan Balcells and Andrei Olhovskiy.

Knowles and Nestor won in the final 6–3, 6–1 against Balcells and Olhovskiy.

Max Mirnyi
Maksim Mikalaevich "Max" Mirnyi (born 6 July 1977) is a Belarusian former professional tennis player.

Mirnyi became a doubles specialist following his singles career, in which he reached a career-high of World No. 18 (August 2003) and finished in the top 50 in the world for seven straight years despite only winning one ATP singles title (2003 Rotterdam Open). He represented Belarus in Davis Cup competition from April 1994, where he holds a record of 47 wins and 27 losses in 35 ties played. He reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in June 2003 and won ten Grand Slam titles: Men's doubles in the 2000 and 2002 US Open and the 2005, 2006, 2011 and 2012 French Open; and mixed doubles in the 1998, 2007, and 2013 U.S. Opens and 1998 Wimbledon.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Mirnyi carried the flag of Belarus at the Opening Ceremony on 27 July 2012, and won the gold medal in the mixed doubles with Victoria Azarenka on 5 August 2012.

His nickname is "The Beast of Belarus".
Paul Boroh
Paul Tarela Boroh (born 17 July 1958) is a Nigerian politician and retired Nigerian Army brigadier general, he served as Special Adviser to President Muhammadu Buhari on Niger Delta and Coordinator of the Presidential Amnesty Programme between May 2015 and March 2018. He was fired for reasons not made public. However, the reason he was fired may not be unconnected with financial misappropriation. Days after being fired, he was arrested by the EFCC and a sum of US$9,000,000 cash was recovered from his house in Abuja.

Niger Delta
The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical zone, one state (Ondo) from South West geopolitical zone and two states (Abia and Imo) from South East geopolitical zone.

The Niger Delta is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil. The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893, when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate.

The delta is a petroleum-rich region and has been the center of international concern over extensive pollution which is often used as an example of ecocide. The principal cause is major oil spills by multinational corporations of the petroleum industry.
Kyrö Napue Gin
Kyrö Napue Gin (known as Napue until 2020) is a rye gin produced by the Finnish distillery Kyrö Distillery Company. It was renamed Kyrö Napue Gin in January 2020. Kyrö Napue Gin is made of rye along with 16 different herbs, including cranberry, sea buckthorn, spruce leaves and meadowsweet.

In 2015, Kyrö Napue Gin was elected the best gin in the Gin & Tonic category at the International Wine and Spirit Competition in the United Kingdom. Gin and tonic made of Kyrö Napue Gin is decorated with cranberry and rosemary. The drink is named after the Battle of Napue fought in the village of Napue in Finland's Isokyrö in 1714.

Rosemary
Salvia rosmarinus, synonym Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and purple or sometimes white, pink, or blue flowers. It is a member of the mint family, Lamiaceae.

The species is native to the Mediterranean region. It has a number of cultivars, and its leaves are commonly used as a flavoring.
Leon Dorsey
Leon David Dorsey IV (November 17, 1975 – August 12, 2008), also known as Pistol Pete, was an American serial killer who shot and killed two Blockbuster store employees and a Korean store clerk in Texas over several months in 1994. He confessed and was later given a death sentence. He was executed at the Huntsville Unit on August 12, 2008.

Huntsville Unit
Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville or Huntsville Unit (HV), nicknamed "Walls Unit", is a Texas state prison located in Huntsville, Texas, United States. The approximately 54.36-acre (22.00 ha) facility, near downtown Huntsville, is operated by the Correctional Institutions Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. The facility, the oldest Texas state prison, opened in 1849.

The unit houses the execution chamber of the State of Texas. It is the most active execution chamber in the United States, with 597 (as of January 28, 2025) executions since 1982, when the death penalty was reinstated in Texas (see Lists of people executed in Texas).
Frank Fox (rugby league)
Frank Fox (born 22 February 1940) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at representative level for Yorkshire, and at club level for Halifax, Hull Kingston Rovers and Castleford, as a prop.

Featherstone Rovers
Featherstone Rovers is a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club last competed in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league, but were not granted RFL membership for the 2026 season due to the club's financial difficulties.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

The club played home games at Post Office Road. Their local rivals were Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The club's traditional home colours were white with blue hoops.
Camille Koenig
Camille Koenig (born 23 June 2001) is a Mauritian swimmer.

In 2019, she represented Mauritius at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event. She did not advance to compete in the semi-finals. She also competed in the women's 200 metre backstroke event and in this event she also did not advance to the semi-finals. In 2019, she also represented Mauritius at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco without winning a medal.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.
Sphericity (graph theory)
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the sphericity of a graph is a graph invariant defined to be the smallest dimension of Euclidean space required to realize the graph as an intersection graph of congruent spheres. The sphericity of a graph is one of several notions of graph dimension based on intersection graphs; others include boxicity and cubicity. The concept of sphericity was first introduced by Hiroshi Maehara in the early 1980s.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Uzhhorod (border checkpoint)
Uzhhorod is a land border crossing between Ukraine and Slovakia on the Ukrainian side, near the city of Uzhhorod. The crossing is situated on autoroute E50/E58 (M08). On the Slovakian side is the village of Vyšné Nemecké. The border also forms a frontier with the European Union (Schengen Area).

European route E58
European route E 58 is a road part of the International E-road network. It begins in Vienna, Austria, and passing through Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania and Moldova, ends in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It is approximately 2,200 km (1,400 mi) long.

Since 2014, a part of the road in eastern Ukraine has been under the control of the separatist Donetsk People's Republic. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia took direct control of areas of the road in Donbas, Kherson Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast.
Gau-Algesheim (Verbandsgemeinde)
Gau-Algesheim is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Mainz-Bingen in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Gau-Algesheim.

The Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Appenheim

Bubenheim

Engelstadt

Gau-Algesheim

Nieder-Hilbersheim

Ober-Hilbersheim

Ockenheim

Schwabenheim an der Selz

49°57′00″N 8°01′01″E﻿ / ﻿49.950°N 8.017°E﻿ / 49.950; 8.017

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
Ergun Banner
Ergun Banner was a banner of Inner Mongolia existing from 1948 to 1966. It was split into the following 2 banners in 1966 (from 1933 to 1948 there were also 2 separated banners):

Ergun Left Banner, now known as Genhe City

Ergun Right Banner, now known as Ergun City

Genhe
Genhe City or Gegengol (Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ; Chinese: 根河市), formerly Ergun Left Banner (Chinese: 额尔古纳左旗), is a county-level city in the far northeast of Inner Mongolia, China, under the administration of Hulunbuir City. The city spans an area of 19,659 square kilometres (7,590 sq mi), and has a total population of 130,722 as of 2019.: 20–1
Czepiec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Czepiec [ˈt͡ʂɛpjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziszów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Sędziszów, 29 km (18 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów, and 63 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
Ansidei Madonna
The Ansidei Madonna (Italian: Pala Ansidei) is a 1505–1507 painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael, painted during his Florentine period. It shows the Blessed Virgin Mary sitting on a wooden throne, with the child Christ on her lap. On her right John the Baptist stands, on her left Saint Nicholas is reading.

At the time the painting was commissioned, there were other paintings that made up the grouping for the altarpiece.  Of the predellas, the only that remains is Saint John the Baptist Preaching, the others are inexplicably lost.

Both the main painting, "Ansidei Madonna", and the predella "Saint John the Baptist Preaching", are located at the National Gallery in London.

High Renaissance
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started between 1490 and 1500, and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say the High Renaissance ended about 1525, or in 1527 with the Sack of Rome by the mutinous army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or about 1530. The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. In the 21st century, the use of the term has been frequently criticized by some academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.
Stenospermation interruptum
Stenospermation interruptum is a species of plant in the family Araceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Helmut Böck (skier)
Helmut Böck (14 February 1931 – 29 August 2025) was a West German Nordic skier who competed in the 1950s. He finished 19th in the Nordic combined event at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. Böck also competed in the 18 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, but did not finish. He was born in Nesselwang, where he also died on 29 August 2025, at the age of 94.

Nesselwang
Nesselwang (German pronunciation: [ˈnɛsl̩vaŋ]) is a municipality in the district of Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is a frequently photographed market town and tourist resort at the foot of the Alps in Allgäu. It consists of the market (Nesselwang) as well as 17 surrounding hamlets (Gschwend, Hörich, Reichenbach, Bayerstetten, Wank, Hertingen, Attlesee, Schneidbach, Hammerschmiede, Lachen, Niederhöfen,  Rindegg, Thal, Schicken, Schneidbach, Voglen and Widdumhof).
Jordan Szoke
Jordan Szoke (born December 30, 1978) is a professional superbike racer and 14-time Canadian National Champion from Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Nicknamed "The People's Champ," Szoke is widely considered one of the greatest racers in Canadian history, and holds numerous Canadian Superbike records.

Superbike racing
Superbike racing is a category of motorcycle racing that employs highly modified production motorcycles, as opposed to MotoGP in which purpose-built motorcycles are used. The Superbike World Championship is the official world championship series since 1988 when the FIM formalized the regulations, though national Superbike championships are held in many countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Australia and Canada. Superbike racing is generally popular with manufacturers, since it helps promote and sell their product, as captured by the slogan "Win on Sunday; Sell on Monday".
Banaganapalle Assembly constituency
Banaganapalle Assembly constituency is a constituency in Nandyal district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency.

B.C. Janardhan Reddy is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desham Party. As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 233,290 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 2008, as per the Delimitation Orders (2008).

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
3rd Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 3rd Corps (Serbo-Croatian Latin: treći korpus) was a Yugoslav Partisan corps that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II. It was created in November 1942 as the 1st Bosnian Corps, and underwent a name change in 1943. It grew in size until 1 January 1945 when it was subordinated to the Partisan 2nd Army. The 3rd Corps spent most of 1944 engaged in hard fighting against the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) in eastern Bosnia.

Bosnia (region)
Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna / Босна, pronounced [bɔ̂sna]) is the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, encompassing roughly 81% of the country; the other region, the southern part, is Herzegovina.

The two regions have formed a geopolitical entity since medieval times, and the name "Bosnia" commonly occurs in historical and geopolitical senses as generally referring to both regions (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The official use of the combined name started only in the late period of Ottoman rule.
Jean-Pierre Chauveau
Jean-Pierre Chauveau (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ ʃovo]; born 8 November 1942) is a former member of the Senate of France. He represented the Sarthe department from 2004 to 2005 and from 2007 to 2014 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

Sarthe
Sarthe (French pronunciation: [saʁt] ⓘ) is a department of the French region of Pays de la Loire, and the province of Maine, situated in the Grand-Ouest of the country. It is named after the river Sarthe, which flows from east of Le Mans to just north of Angers. It had a population of 566,412 in 2019.
John King Davis
John King Davis CBE (19 February 1884 – 8 May 1967) was an English-born Australian explorer and navigator notable for his work captaining exploration ships in Antarctic waters as well as for establishing meteorological stations on Macquarie Island in the subantarctic and on Willis Island in the Coral Sea.

Macquarie Island
Macquarie Island is a subantarctic island in the south-western Pacific Ocean, about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. It has been governed as a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1880. It became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 1978 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Macquarie Island is an exposed portion of the Macquarie Ridge and is located where the Australian plate meets the Pacific plate.

The island is home to the entire royal penguin population during their annual nesting season. Ecologically, the island is part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion.
Manfred Dubski
Manfred Dubski (born 19 September 1954) is a retired German footballer. He made 190 appearances in the Bundesliga for Schalke 04 and MSV Duisburg as well as 210 matches in the 2. Bundesliga for Duisburg, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen and Union Solingen.

Rot-Weiß Oberhausen
Rot-Weiß Oberhausen is a German association football club in Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club was formed as Oberhausener SV in December 1904 out of the merger of Emschertaler SV (1902) and the football enthusiasts of Oberhausener TV 1873. The new side entered into a union with Viktoria Styrum BV to create SpVgg 1904 Oberhausen-Styrum, but within six months a number of the club's members left to form 1. FC Mülheim-Styrum. The remaining club members carried on and in 1934 took on their current name.
Trachelas
Trachelas is a genus of araneomorph spiders which has variously been placed in families Trachelidae or Corinnidae. Current taxonomy places it in Trachelidae.

Though the name was first used in an identification key published by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1866, it did not include a description for either genders. In 1872, O. Pickard-Cambridge described the type species, ascribing it to the same name given several years earlier. Koch revisited the genus and covered it more thoroughly shortly after the type species was described.

Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to those of Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), which point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 92%) of living spiders.
Leo Perenos
Leo Perenos (Greek: Λέων Περενός) was a Byzantine governor (doux) of Dyrrhachium, and the penultimate Catepan of Italy.

In April 1064, as the doux of Dyrrhachium, Perenos provided military and financial aid to Robert, the Norman Count of Mentescaglioso, who was revolting against his uncle, Duke Robert Guiscard of the Apulia and Calabria.

In 1068, the incumbent Catepan of Italy, Abulchares, died. Perenos was appointed as his replacement. The capital of the Catepanate, Bari, had been besieged by the Normans. However, Perenos could not provide a relief mission, as he was unable to cross the sea.

Siege of Bari
The siege of Bari took place 1068–1071, during the Middle Ages, when Norman forces, under the command of Robert Guiscard, laid siege to the city of Bari, a major stronghold of the Byzantines in Italy and the capital of the Catepanate of Italy, starting from 5 August 1068. Bari was captured on 16 April 1071 when Robert Guiscard entered the city, ending not only more than five centuries of Byzantine presence in Southern Italy but also ancient Roman control since the Roman expansion in Italy in the 3rd century BCE.