hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gellen
The Gellen or Gellen Peninsula (German: Halbinsel Gellen) is a spit at the southern end of the island of Hiddensee off the north German Baltic coast. Its southern part is protected as an important bird reserve and is part of protection zone I of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park. It is therefore not accessible to the public.

It consists of post-ice age sand depositions and is growing annually by a few metres to the south. The dredging of the shipping channel between the island of Bock and the Gellen prevents a graded shoreline from being formed, which would otherwise be typical of the eastern Baltic Sea area with its numerous spits.

Graded shoreline
A graded shoreline is a stage in the cycle of coastal development characterised by a flat and straight coastline. It is formed under the influence of wind and water from the original bays, islands, peninsulas and promontories. Sand and gravel is carried away and dumped at other locations depending on the direction and strength of sea currents. Typical of graded shorelines are the formation of dunes, wide sandy beaches and sometimes a lagoon or a spit. Where two graded shorelines meet, a headland may form with a sandy reef in the sea beyond it. Parallel to the graded shoreline sandbanks may form as a result of sediments transported away from the shore.
Legal Services Board
The Legal Services Board is an independent body responsible for overseeing the regulation of lawyers in England and Wales. It is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Ministry of Justice, created through the Legal Services Act of 2007 (LSA 2007).

The Legal Services Board is politically and financially independent of the government. Costs are covered entirely by a levy on the approved regulators of the legal professions. Its overriding mandate is to ensure that regulation in the legal services sector is carried out in the public interest and that the interests of consumers are placed at the heart of the system.

The Board came into being on 1 January 2009 and became fully operational on 1 January 2010.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Caroline Harwood
Caroline S. Harwood is an American microbiologist who was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2009. She is the Professor Gerald and Lyn Grinstein Professor of Microbiology and Associate Vice-Provost for Research at the University of Washington School of Medicine.

Microbiologist
A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors. Most microbiologists work in offices and/or research facilities, both in private biotechnology companies and in academia. Most microbiologists specialize in a given topic within microbiology such as bacteriology, parasitology, virology, or immunology.
Caribbean music in Canada
Caribbean music in Canada has existed since the early 1920s, becoming increasingly prominent after the 1960s as Caribbean immigration to Canada increased. Anglo-Caribbean genres such as reggae, soca and calypso are especially prominent in English Canada, while French Caribbean genres such as cadence-lypso, zouk and konpa are more prominent in Quebec.

Caribbean music has also been incorporated as an influence by numerous Canadian pop, rock and hip hop artists.

Recent changes in Canada's immigration laws have seen several prominent musicians from the Commonwealth Caribbean, like David Rudder and Anslem Douglas, resettle in Canada and help to develop the Caribbean music industry based there.

The role of music in the Caribbean Canadian community is reinforced by cultural festivals such as Toronto's         Caribana and Edmonton’s Cariwest.

Cariwest
Cariwest is an annual non-profit three-day Caribbean Arts Festival that takes place annually in the second weekend of August in the heart of downtown Edmonton, Alberta. Cariwest and its surrounding events attract more than 60,000 people each year. The festival gives the attendees a chance to enjoy Caribbean culture.
Gilbert Howe
Gilbert Howe (6 August 1891 – 10 January 1917) was a New Zealand cricketer who played five matches of first-class cricket for Wellington in the 1913–14 season. He died in World War I.

Howe was a wicketkeeper and a useful lower-order batsman. He worked as a clerk in the Wellington City Council rates office. He enlisted at the outbreak of World War I, and served as a sergeant in the New Zealand forces that took Samoa in 1914. Later in New Zealand he was commissioned, and he served on the Western Front as a lieutenant. He was killed in action at Messines on 10 January 1917.

After Howe's death his family donated a trophy in his name that was awarded annually until World War II to the most improved player in Wellington cricket.

Wellington cricket team
The Wellington Firebirds are one of six New Zealand men's first-class cricket teams that make up New Zealand Cricket.
It is based in Wellington. It competes in the Plunket Shield first class (4-day) competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.

The Wellington Cricket Association was formed in 1875. It is New Zealand's oldest cricket association.
Vince Agro
Vince Agro (October 20, 1936 – September 4, 2020) was born in the North End of Hamilton. He was acting mayor of Hamilton, in the Canadian province of Ontario from 1976 to 1977.  He assumed the position after Victor Copps had a heart attack. He ran for a full term as mayor in 1976, but was defeated by fellow alderman Jack MacDonald. He served as alderman for Ward Two from 1970 until 1976, and again from 1978 until 1997.

In 2012, Agro published his first novel, The Good Doctor. It was a finalist for the Scotiabank Giller Prize Reader's Choice contest. He died in 2020, aged 83.

Giller Prize
The Giller Prize (formerly known as the Scotiabank Giller Prize from 2005 to 2025) is a literary award given to a Canadian author of a novel or short story collection published in English (including translation) the previous year, after an annual juried competition between publishers who submit entries. The prize was established in 1994 by Toronto businessman Jack Rabinovitch in honour of his late wife Doris Giller, a former literary editor at the Toronto Star, and is awarded in November of each year along with a cash reward (then CAN$25,000) with the winner being presented by the previous year's winning author.

Since its inception, the Giller Prize has been awarded to emerging and established authors from both small independent and large publishing houses in Canada.

In February of 2025, the Giller Prize severed its relationship with Scotiabank, its main sponsor, after more than a year of protests.
Telephone numbers in South Africa
Telephone numbers in South Africa are administered by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa(ICASA). On 16 January 2007, the country switched to a closed numbering plan. It became mandatory to dial the full nine-digit national telephone number. For calls within the country, this is prefixed by trunk code 0 (zero), which is often included in listings of the area code. Area codes within the system are generally organized geographically. Special services by Telkom have numbers with special formats.

When dialed from another country, the national number is prefixed with the appropriate international access code and the telephone country code 27.

MTN Group
MTN Group Limited (formerly M-Cell) is a South African multinational corporation and mobile telecommunications provider. Its head office is in Johannesburg. MTN is among the largest mobile network operators in the world, and the largest in Africa.

In October 2025 MTN announced it had surpassed 300 million customers, the first African-headquartered telco to reach that milestone, making it the sixth-largest in the world by subscriber count. It has a footprint in sixteen countries in Africa and the Middle East.
A Market Boat on the Scheldt
A Market Boat on the Scheldt is an 1826 oil painting by the British artist Clarkson Stanfield. A seascape, it depicts a boat on the River Scheldt transporting goods to market. Stanfield had served in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and subsequently made his name as a scenic designer at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. The work was likely inspired by a trip he had made to the Netherlands in the summer of 1823. He displayed the painting at the British Institution's annual exhibition in London and it was the first one of his pictures to receive critical acclaim.

The painting is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in South Kensington, having been gifted by the art collector John Sheepshanks in 1857.

The same year, Stanfield also produced View on the Scheldt which features a smaller version and an altered composition of the painting, and is also in the museum.

Seascape
A seascape is a photograph, painting, or other work of art which depicts the sea, in other words an example of marine art.  The word originated as a formation from landscape, which was first used for images of land in art.  By a similar development, "seascape" has also come to mean actual perceptions of the sea itself. It is applied in planning contexts to geographical locations possessing a good view of the sea. Seascape aesthetics receive legal protection in terms of biodiversity/ health of the seas (the OSPAR Convention, and in terms of the visual bio-cultural seascape (European Landscape Convention).
Guaraná (Backus)
Guaraná Backus is a Peruvian guaraná beverage containing guarana fruit and is sold in PET bottles of 500 ml. In 2007, the drink had 5% of the soft drinks market, and was relaunched with a new bottle and label and a light version. A year later, its sales had increased by 49%.

The brand has sponsored national windsurfing, taekwondo and youth football tournaments. It is widely used by Brazilian A/B youth sectors to be mixed up with whisky.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
Music of Utah
The cultural Music of Utah, while having been significantly influenced by the presence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), includes several thriving local scenes and a large number of musicians across a variety of genres. That said, much of the distinctiveness of Utah's musical traditions has derived from the interaction between individuals of multiple beliefs in the uniquely religious context of the state.

Neon Trees
Neon Trees are an American rock band founded in Provo, Utah. The band received nationwide exposure in late 2008 when they opened several North American tour dates for the band the Killers. Not long after, the band was signed by Mercury Records. Their first single, "Animal", climbed to No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Alternative Songs chart.

Since their formation, Neon Trees has released five studio albums: Habits (2010), Picture Show (2012), Pop Psychology (2014), I Can Feel You Forgetting Me (2020), and Sink Your Teeth (2024). The band has also released eight EPs (two exclusive to iTunes) and fourteen singles.
Argyresthia aurulentella
Argyresthia aurulentella is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Northern Europe, Central Europe, western Russia and Macedonia.

The wingspan is 7–9 mm. The moth flies from July to August..

The larvae feed on Juniperus communis.

Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N, or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology.
Almonte (surname)
Almonte is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abraham Almonte (born 1989), Major League Baseball player

Carlos Eduardo Almonte, arrested in 2010 on terrorism-related charges

Danny Almonte (born 1987), former little league baseball player in the United States

Edwin Almonte (born 1976), baseball player in the United States

Erick Almonte (born 1978), minor league baseball player in the United States

Gloria Almonte (born 1983), American beauty queen from the Bronx, New York

Héctor Almonte (born 1975), baseball player in the United States

Jose T. Almonte (born 1931), Filipino general

Juan Almonte (1803–1869), Mexican official and diplomat

Yency Almonte (born 1994), American baseball player

Zoilo Almonte (born 1989), Major League Baseball player

Héctor Almonte
Héctor Almonte (born October 17, 1975) is a Dominican former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1999 through 2003, Almonte played for the Florida Marlins (1999), Boston Red Sox (2003) and Montreal Expos (2003). He bats and throws right-handed.
William Albert Morgan
William Albert Morgan (born Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, March 6, 1841; died Hutchinson, Kansas, March 24, 1917) was an Irish-American newspaper publisher, politician and prominent citizen of the state of Kansas.

Hutchinson, Kansas
Hutchinson is the largest city in and the county seat of Reno County, Kansas, United States, and located along the Arkansas River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 40,006.  It has been home to salt mines since 1887, thus its nickname of "Salt City".  Each year, Hutchinson hosts the Kansas State Fair, and National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Men's Basketball Tournament. It is the home of the Hutchinson Community College, the Cosmosphere aerospace museum, and Strataca underground salt museum.
Sergey Letov
Sergey Fyodorovich Letov (Russian: Серге́й Фё́дорович Ле́тов, born September 24, 1956), is a Russian musician and composer, known for his improvisational style. He is the founder of the recording label Pentagram. He has collaborated with numerous jazz, avant-garde, modern classical, rock and electronic music artists, including his younger brother Yegor Letov, composer Sergey Kuryokhin, and cult Soviet art punk band DK. Letov has written music for movies and plays, collaborating with Russian, Italian and Austrian theatres, the German non-profit cultural association Goethe-Institut, and the Moscow Institute of Journalism and Literature.

Sergey Letov’s full musical biography titled “World Greatest Musicians. Sergey Letov” ("Величайшие Музыканты Мира. Сергей Летов") was published in 2004 by a French jazz researcher Marc Sarrazi both in Russian and in French.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Tearano
Tearano is a musical group from the southwestern region of Madagascar. They perform a contemporary form of the traditional beko genre, fusing southern vocal harmonies and tsapiky rhythms with modern instrumentation heavily featuring synthesizers and electric guitars. The band's innovative instrumentation modernized the tsapiky sound and rendered it more radio friendly and accessible to listeners in other regions of Madagascar. The band is considered an ambassador of the musical traditions of the south, and is credited with popularizing the tsapiky genre outside of the southern region of Toliara where it originated.

Toliara
Toliara (also known as Toliary, [tuliˈar]; formerly  Tuléar) is a city in southern Madagascar. It is the capital of the Atsimo-Andrefana region, located 936 km southwest of the national capital Antananarivo.

The current spelling of the name was adopted in the 1970s, reflecting the orthography of the Malagasy language. Many geographic place names, assigned French spellings during the colonial period, were altered following Malagasy independence in 1960.

The city has a population of 168,758 in 2018. As a port town it acts as a major import/export hub for commodities such as sisal, soap, hemp, cotton, rice and peanuts.
Euphemisms for Internet censorship in China
River crab (Chinese: 河蟹; pinyin: héxiè) and harmonious/harmonize/harmonization (Chinese: 和谐; pinyin: héxié) are Internet slang terms created by Chinese netizens in reference to the Internet censorship, or other kinds of censorship in mainland China. In Mandarin Chinese, the word "river crab" (河蟹), which originally meant Chinese mitten crab, sounds similar to "harmonious/harmonize/harmonization" (Chinese: 和谐). This is derived from "harmonious society", (和谐社会) ex-Chinese leader Hu Jintao’s signature ideology.

Netizen
The term netizen is a portmanteau of the English words internet and citizen, as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen." It describes a person actively involved in online communities or the Internet in general.

The term also commonly implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource, or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to open access, net neutrality and free speech. The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet. Internet pioneer and author Michael F. Hauben is credited with coining and popularizing the term.
Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi
Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi (born 1960s) is a Ugandan-British novelist and short story writer. Her doctoral novel, The Kintu Saga, was shortlisted and won the Kwani? Manuscript Project in 2013. It was published by Kwani Trust in 2014 under the title Kintu. Her short story collection, Manchester Happened, was published in 2019. She was shortlisted for the 2014 Commonwealth Short Story Prize for her story "Let's Tell This Story Properly", and emerged Regional Winner, Africa region. She was the Overall Winner of the 2014 Commonwealth Short Story Prize. She was longlisted for the 2014 Etisalat Prize for Literature. She is a lecturer in Creative Writing at Lancaster University. In 2018, she was awarded a Windham-Campbell Prize in the fiction category. In 2021, her novel The First Woman won the Jhalak Prize.

She lives in Manchester with her husband, Damian, and son, Jordan.

Oneworld Publications
Oneworld Publications is a British independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey originally to publish accessible non-fiction by experts and academics for the general market. Based in London, it later added a literary fiction list (in 2009) and both a children's list (Rock the Boat, 2015) and an upmarket crime list (Point Blank, 2016), and now publishes across a wide range of subjects, including history, politics, current affairs, popular science, religion, philosophy, and psychology, as well as literary fiction, crime fiction and suspense, and children's titles.
Carl Frølich Hanssen
Carl Frølich Hanssen (8 January 1883 – 6 January 1960) was a Norwegian military officer and sports executive. He was head of the Norwegian Nazi Labour Service during the Second World War. He born in Fredrikshald (Halden).

Before the Second World War he had a military career in the field artillery, eventually with the rank of colonel. During the German occupation of Norway he was head of the Norwegian Nazi Labour Service. In the legal purge in Norway after World War II he was sentenced to seven years imprisonment.

He won the Norwegian Football Cup with the club Mercantile in 1907 and 1912. He also represented the Norway national team on one occasion in 1910. He served as president of the Football Association of Norway for two periods, 1907–1908 and 1911–1912.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Nile Commercial Bank
Nile Commercial Bank (NCB) is a commercial bank in South Sudan. It is one of the commercial banks licensed to operate in South Sudan, by the Bank of South Sudan, the national banking regulator.

The bank is an indigenous South Sudanese commercial bank. Of all the commercial banks licensed in South Sudan, it has the largest number of branches at 20. The bank is affiliated with Stanbic Bank, a division of Standard Bank of South Africa.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.