hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concord Park (Charleston)
Concord Park is a 9.1-acre development in Charleston, South Carolina, near the Cooper River and South Carolina Aquarium. The name is used to refer to a 5.4-acre public park planned for the center of the development, the 3.7-acre mixed-use development along the north and south edges, and the overall development.

South Carolina Aquarium
The South Carolina Aquarium, located in downtown Charleston, South Carolina, opened on May 19, 2000. Located on the historic Charleston Harbor, visitors can enjoy views of the waterfront, including the USS Yorktown and Ravenel Bridge. The Aquarium is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). More than 5,000 animals reside in dozens of exhibits spanning two stories. The largest exhibit, the Great Ocean Tank, holds 385,000 US gallons (1,460,000 L) and stands at 42 feet deep, making it the deepest tank in North America. Additional experiences include multiple touch tanks, a sea turtle hospital and three open-air exhibits. Visitors can see various native South Carolina species including a bald eagle, river otters, alligators, cownose rays, sea turtles, sand tiger sharks, roseate spoonbills, jellyfish and more.
Green Hill Cemetery Gatekeeper's House
Green Hill Cemetery Gatekeeper's House is a historic gatekeeper's house located at Green Hill Cemetery, Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. It was built in 1888–1889, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, cross-shaped, frame structure in the Gothic Revival style. It features a steeply pitched cross-gable roof with wide overhanging eaves.  It also has sawnwork bargeboards with kingposts and a full-width one-story porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Guilford County, North Carolina
Guilford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 541,299, making it the third-most populous county in North Carolina. The county seat and largest community is Greensboro. Since 1938, an additional county court has been located in High Point. The county was formed in 1771. Guilford County is included in the Greensboro-High Point, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Leutenheim
Leutenheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It lies 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Haguenau and a short distance west of the Rhine, which here defines the frontier between France and Germany.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Robotyne
Robotyne (Ukrainian: Роботине, pronounced [roˈbɔtɪne]; Russian: Работино, Russian pronunciation: [rabotino]) is a village in Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. Administratively, it is part of Tokmak urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of Orikhiv, and 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Tokmak. It had a population of 480 in 2001.

Tokmak Raion
Tokmak Raion (Ukrainian: Токмацький район) was one of the raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine between 1923 and 2020. The administrative center of the region was the small city of Tokmak. Before 1962, it was known as Velykyi Tokmak Raion (Ukrainian: Великотокмацький район). The last estimate of the raion population was 21,330 (2020 est.).
Andy Ashby
Andrew Jason Ashby (born July 11, 1967) is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, Colorado Rockies, San Diego Padres, Atlanta Braves, and Los Angeles Dodgers. Listed at 6' 1", 180 lb., Ashby batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and is the uncle to Milwaukee Brewers pitcher Aaron Ashby.

Crowder College
Crowder College is a public community college in Neosho, Missouri. It serves the Community College District of Newton and McDonald counties in southwestern Missouri and other outlying areas. The school enrolled 3,864 in 2023.

Established in 1963 on the grounds of the former Fort Crowder, the college grants certificates, diplomas, and associate degrees. Its name honors General Enoch Crowder, a prominent Missourian, soldier, and statesman, as well as the veterans of World War I, who received their training at Fort Crowder.
South West Main Line Route Utilisation Strategy
The South West Main Line Route Utilisation Strategy (SWML RUS) was the first Route Utilisation Strategy (RUS) to be produced under the new Network Rail regime. As such it did not completely adhere to the format that has subsequently become 'standard', and needs to be read in conjunction with the prior Draft for Consultation. It was published in May 2006  and was included in a map published by the Office of Rail Regulation as established in May 2007.

For this purpose the South West Main Line covers not only the whole of Network Rail's Route 3 - South West Main Line (with the exception of the Isle of Wight line), but also significant parts of Route 4 - Wessex, specifically Basingstoke to Exeter and routes west of Eastleigh and Redbridge (both near Southampton), as well as the Basingstoke to Reading West line of Route 13 - Great Western Main Line.

The major issue is overcrowding in the peak periods, but other issues are addressed.

South West Main Line
The South West Main Line (SWML) is a 143-mile (230 km) major railway line between Waterloo station in central London and Weymouth on the south coast of England. A predominantly passenger line, it serves many commuter areas including south western suburbs of London and the conurbations based on Southampton and Bournemouth. It runs through the counties of Surrey, Hampshire and Dorset. It forms the core of the network built by the London and South Western Railway, today mostly operated by South Western Railway.

Operating speeds on much of the line are relatively high, with long stretches cleared for up to 100 mph (160 km/h) running. The line has four tracks for most of its length between Waterloo and Worting Junction, south west of Basingstoke; most of the rest is double track. A couple of miles from the Waterloo terminus, the line runs briefly alongside the Brighton Main Line west branch out of London Victoria, including through Clapham Junction.
Annenberg (surname)
Annenberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Leonore Annenberg (1918–2009), former U.S. Chief of Protocol and former head of the Annenberg Foundation, widow of Walter Annenberg

Moses Annenberg (1877–1942), American newspaper publisher

Sandra Annenberg (born 1968), Brazilian television journalist

Wallis Annenberg (1939–2025), American philanthropist

Walter Annenberg (1908–2002), former U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain, billionaire publishing magnate, and philanthropist

Moses Annenberg
Moses Louis Annenberg (February 11, 1877 – July 20, 1942) was an American newspaper publisher who owned the Daily Racing Form and the Philadelphia Inquirer. He also owned General News Bureau, a wire service that reported the results of horse races.

A German immigrant who rose from a newspaper boy to newspaper owner, he was the father of TV Guide creator Walter Annenberg.
S. Muthusamy
S.Muthusamy an Indian politician Minister for Prohibition & Excise (Tamil Nadu) and  Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Erode constituency in 1977, 1980 and 1984 elections and from Bhavani constituency in 1991 election. He served as Transport Minister in MGR cabinet and as health minister in Jayalalitha cabinet formed after 1991 election.

Muthusamy joined the DMK in 2010 and he was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Erode West Constituency in 2021.

Erode West Assembly constituency
Erode West or 'Erode (West)' is a state assembly constituency of Erode city in Erode district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 99. It consists of portions of the Perundurai and Erode taluks. It is included in Erode Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

This constituency was newly formed, in the year of 2008, by dividing the integrated Erode Assembly Constituency. Erode West was one of 17 assembly constituencies to have VVPAT facility with EVMs in 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election.
Ponakin Bridge
The Ponakin Bridge is a historic Post truss bridge spanning the Nashua River in northern Lancaster, Massachusetts. The bridge was built in 1871, and originally carried the main north–south road (now Ponakin Road), which was bypassed by the construction of Massachusetts Route 70. It is now unsafe and closed even to pedestrians. The bridge, with a design once common but now extremely rare, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Nashua River
The Nashua River, 37.5 miles (60.4 km) long, is a tributary of the Merrimack River in Massachusetts and New Hampshire in the United States. It is formed in eastern Worcester County, Massachusetts, at the confluence of the North Nashua River and South Nashua River, and flows generally north-northeast past Groton to join the Merrimack at Nashua, New Hampshire. The Nashua River watershed occupies a major portion of north-central Massachusetts and a much smaller portion of southern New Hampshire.

The North Nashua River rises west of Fitchburg and Westminster. It flows about 30 miles (48 km) generally southeast past Fitchburg, and joins the South Nashua River, shown on USGS topographic maps as the main stem of the Nashua River, about 5 miles (8 km) below its issuance from the Wachusett Reservoir.
Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of America and Canada
The Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of America and Canada (Macedonian: Американско-канадска епархија, romanized: Amerikansko-kanadska eparhija) is one of 10 dioceses of the Macedonian Orthodox Church. Operating a near total of forty churches in Canada and the United States, the diocese is headed by Metropolitan Methodius.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Moscow City Duma District 5
Moscow City Duma District 5 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers outer parts of Northern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Milena Avimskaya, a Russian Army Theatre director, who succeeded retiring four-term Yabloko incumbent Yevgeny Bunimovich, redistricted there from District 6.

Yaroslavsky District
Yaroslavsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia:

Yaroslavsky District, Moscow, a district in North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow

Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Yaroslavl Oblast
Jonas Bering
Jonas Bering (born 9 November 1975) is a French electronic music songwriter, from Lille, France. Jonas Bering emerged from the techno scene of Cologne, Germany, through his works released on the German label Kompakt, run by Wolfgang Voigt, Michael Mayer and Juergen Paape. His debut album "Bienfait" is the first vinyl album released by the Kompakt label for a solo artist. This also makes Jonas Bering the first non-German artist to be featured in the label's catalog.

Michael Mayer (musician)
Michael Mayer (born 11 December 1971) is an electronic musician from Cologne, Germany. Mayer is a remixer, DJ and producer, and has released several singles on the Kompakt music label, working with founder Wolfgang Voigt. Mayer has also released music on Kompakt-related labels New Trance Atlantic and Kreisel 99.
Maija Lähteenmäki
Maija Lähteenmäki (born 1945) is a Finnish diplomat. She has been Finland's ambassador to Australia in Canberra in 2010-2013 and retired there. She started working with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1974.

Lähteenmäki served as ambassador in 1991-1995 in Santiago de Chile and in 1995-2000 in New York as Finland's Consul General. In Helsinki, she worked as a protocol chief before moving to Ambassador to Madrid 2005. In Finland's Embassies she has also served in Brussels, Ottawa, Stockholm and Cairo.

Lähteenmäki has worked at home and abroad at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, including the Political Department, the Office of the Press and Culture Department and the Control and Audit Unit. In 2002-2003 she worked as Assistant Controller and 2003-2005 as Head of the Protocol Division.

Lähteenmäki has been a doctoral student at the University of Turku in 1994.

Embassy of Finland, Canberra
The Embassy of Finland to the Commonwealth of Australia is Finland's diplomatic mission in Canberra, Australia. The mission is also accredited to New Zealand, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. As it is the only Finnish Embassy in the Southern Pacific region (Oceania), in practice the embassy also represents Finland in its relations with other Pacific island states in the region (Nauru, Tuvalu as well as the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau).
Brat Tor
Brat Tor, also known as Brai Tor and Widgery Tor, is a dramatic granite tor on the western flank of Dartmoor, England. It is best known for Widgery Cross, the tallest Dartmoor cross, which stands on its summit. It is, however, not as grand as other neighbouring tors, such as the imposing Great Links Tor and Hare Tor. It stands at 454 metres above sea level.

Tor (rock formation)
A tor, which is also known by geomorphologists as either a castle koppie or kopje, is a large, free-standing rock outcrop that rises abruptly from the surrounding smooth and gentle slopes of a rounded hill summit or ridge crest. In the South West of England, the term is commonly also used for the hills themselves – particularly the high points of Dartmoor in Devon and Bodmin Moor in Cornwall.
USS Sturgeon
USS Sturgeon  has been the name of three submarines of the United States Navy:

USS Sturgeon (SS-25) was renamed USS E-2 (SS-25) in 1911; E-2 was commissioned in 1912 and scrapped in 1922.

USS Sturgeon (SS-187), a Salmon-class submarine, was commissioned in 1938 and scrapped in 1948.

USS Sturgeon (SSN-637), the lead ship of the Sturgeon class, was commissioned in 1967 and scrapped in 1994.

Salmon-class submarine
The United States Navy Salmon-class submarines were an important developmental step in the design of the "fleet submarine" concept during the 1930s. An incremental improvement over the previous Porpoise class, they were the first US submarine class to achieve 21 knots with a reliable propulsion plant, allowing them to operate with the Standard-type battleships of the surface fleet. Also, their 11,000 nautical miles (20,000 km) unrefueled range would allow them to operate in Japanese home waters. These rugged and dependable boats provided yeoman service during World War II, along with their immediate successors, the similar Sargo class. In some references, the Salmons and Sargos are called the "New S Class", 1st and 2nd Groups.
They All Came to Barneys
They All Came to Barneys: Personal History of the World's Greatest Store is a 2025 memoir by Gene Pressman, about his grandfather Barney Pressman and his store, Barneys New York. Published September 2, 2025, by Viking Press, Gene, who worked at Barneys throughout his life, covers the history and fall of the Barneys store, with the final chapter, "The Barneys Diaspora", being acknowledgements. Gene had also previously written Chasing Cool.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Keratometer
A keratometer, also known as an ophthalmometer, is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism. It was invented by the German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851, although an earlier model was developed in 1796 by Jesse Ramsden and Everard Home.

A keratometer uses the relationship between object size (O), image size (I), the distance between the reflective surface and the object (d), and the radius of the reflective surface (R). If three of these variables are known (or fixed), the fourth can be calculated using the formula

There are two distinct variants of determining R; Javal-Schiotz type keratometers have a fixed image size and are typically 'two position', whereas Bausch and Lomb type keratometers have a fixed object size and are usually 'one position'.

Jesse Ramsden
Jesse Ramsden FRS FRSE (6 October 1735 – 5 November 1800) was a British mathematician, astronomical and scientific instrument maker. His reputation was built on the engraving and design of dividing engines which allowed high accuracy measurements of angles and lengths in instruments. He produced instruments for astronomy that were especially well known for maritime use where they were needed for the measurement of latitudes and for his surveying instruments which were widely used for cartography and land survey both across the British Empire and outside. An achromatic eyepiece that he invented for telescopes and microscopes continues to be known as the Ramsden eyepiece.
Mylar
BoPET (biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate) is a polyester film made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and is used for its high tensile strength, chemical stability, dimensional stability, transparency reflectivity, and electrical insulation.  When metallized, it has gas and moisture barrier properties. The film is "biaxially oriented", which means that the polymer chains are oriented parallel to the plane of the film, and therefore oriented over two axes. A variety of companies manufacture boPET and other polyester films under different brand names. In the UK and US, the best-known trade names are Mylar, Melinex, Lumirror and Hostaphan. It was the first biaxially oriented polymer to be manufactured on a mass commercial scale.

Ultimate tensile strength
Ultimate tensile strength (also called UTS, tensile strength, TS, ultimate strength or  in notation) is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. In brittle materials, the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials, the ultimate tensile strength can be higher.

The ultimate tensile strength is usually found by performing a tensile test and recording the engineering stress versus strain. The highest point of the stress–strain curve is the ultimate tensile strength and has units of stress. The equivalent point for the case of compression, instead of tension, is called the compressive strength.

Tensile strengths are rarely of any consequence in the design of ductile members, but they are important with brittle members. They are tabulated for common materials such as alloys, composite materials, ceramics, plastics, and wood.
Sir Giles Brydges, 1st Baronet
Sir Giles Brydges, 1st Baronet (1573 – August 1637) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  at various times between 1621 and 1629.

Brydges was the son of the Hon. Charles Brydges of Wilton Castle, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, younger son of John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos, and his wife Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Carne. He matriculated at  St Alban Hall, Oxford on 27 Nov 1590 aged 17. He was created a baronet on 17 May 1627.

In 1621, Brydges was elected Member of Parliament for Tewkesbury. In 1625 he was High Sheriff of Herefordshire. He was elected MP for Herefordshire in 1625 and 1628, and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

On 16 January 1620 Brydges married Mary Scudamore, daughter of Sir James Scudamore MP of Holme Lacy, Hereford. His grandson, James, succeeded as the 8th Baron Chandos in 1676.

Ross-on-Wye
Ross-on-Wye is a market town and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, near the border with Wales. It had a population estimated at 10,978 in 2021. It lies in the south-east of the county, on the River Wye and on the northern edge of the Forest of Dean.
1910 Southwest Texas State football team
The 1910 Southwest Texas State football team was an American football team that represented Southwest Texas State Normal School—now known as Texas State University–as an independent during the 1910 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach James R. Coxen and finished the season with a record of 0–4. The team's captain was Raborn, who played halfback.

1910 college football season
The 1910 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Pittsburgh as having been retrospectively selected national champions, by four "major selectors" in about 1927, 1947, 1980 and 2003. Harvard claims a national championship for the 1910 season. Auburn also claims a national title based on a selection in Richard Billingsley's unrevised original math system.