hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Female-led relationship
A female-led relationship (FLR) is a relationship dynamic often associated with BDSM and kink subcultures, in which the female partner takes on a dominant role. The male partner assumes a submissive role, willingly submitting to her authority, direction, and control.

Unlike temporary role-playing scenarios, FLRs tend to be continuous and practiced around the clock. It differs from naturally developed dynamics in that it is consciously structured around mutually agreed-upon boundaries. Rather than seeking gender equality, an FLR represents an alternative relational model that deliberately inverts traditional heterosexual dynamics in which men have historically held dominance.

Subculture
In the sociology of culture, a subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the mainstream or dominant culture (or superculture) to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures coexist within mainstream society while keeping their specific characteristics intact.

Since its inception in the English-speaking world (primarily North America and the United Kingdom) during the 1940s–1950s, the concept and study of subcultures was developed in the academic fields of sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. Examples of subcultures include punks, skinheads, Teddy Boys, mods, rockers, bikers, hip-hoppers, and more. Subcultures differ from countercultures.
Moszczenica, Zgierz County
Moszczenica [mɔʂt͡ʂɛˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Zgierz and 16 km (10 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
40S ribosomal protein S9
40S ribosomal protein S9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS9 gene.

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S4P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, multiple processed pseudogenes derived from this gene are dispersed through the genome.

Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S)
The eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S) is denoted according to its sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units. The 60S subunit is the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome (S80), with the other major component being the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S). It is structurally and functionally related to the 50S subunit of 70S prokaryotic ribosomes. However, the 60S subunit is much larger than the prokaryotic 50S subunit and contains many additional protein segments, as well as ribosomal RNA expansion segments.
Davide Bais
Davide Bais (born 2 April 1998) is an Italian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Team Polti VisitMalta. He won stage seven of the 2023 Giro d'Italia from the breakaway on a mountain-top finish. His older brother Mattia is also a professional cyclist.

2023 Giro d'Italia
The 2023 Giro d'Italia was the 106th edition of the Giro d'Italia, a three-week Grand Tour cycling stage race. The race started on 6 May in Fossacesia and finished on 28 May in Rome. There were 3 individual time trial stages and 6 stages longer than 200 km. The race was won by Primož Roglič of Team Jumbo–Visma, taking his fourth Grand Tour victory and becoming the first Slovenian to win the Giro.
Alcide Simard
Joseph Alcide Simard (25 October 1907 – 21 December 1984) was a Canadian businessman and politician. Simard was a Ralliement créditiste member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Born in Saint-Léonard, Quebec, he was a life insurance agent by career. He was first elected at the Lac-Saint-Jean riding in the 1965 general election. After his only term in Parliament, Simard was defeated at Lac-Saint-Jean in the 1968 election by Marcel Lessard of the Liberal party.

1968 Canadian federal election
The 1968 Canadian federal election was held on June 25, 1968, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 28th Parliament of Canada.

In April 1968, Prime Minister Lester Pearson of the Liberal Party resigned as party leader as a result of declining health and failing to win a majority government in two attempts. He was succeeded by his Minister of Justice and Attorney General Pierre Trudeau, who called an election immediately after becoming prime minister. Trudeau's charisma appealed to Canadian voters; his popularity became known as "Trudeaumania" and helped him win a comfortable majority. Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives lost seats whereas the New Democratic Party's support stayed the same.
James Mackay Shewan
Dr James Mackay Shewan LLD FSA Scot FRSE FRSC FIBiol CBiol FIFST (1909–1988) was a 20th-century Scottish chemist, bacteriologist and amateur historian. He was Head of the Torry Research Station near Aberdeen.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is the senior antiquarian body of Scotland, with its headquarters in the National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. The Society's aim is to promote the cultural heritage of Scotland.

The usual style of post-nominal letters for fellows is FSAScot.
Chepken
Chepken or chekmen (Tatar: чепкен / çepken "outerwear"; Karachay-Balkar: чепкен, romanized: çepken; Kumyk: чепген, romanized: çepgen; Russian: чекмень; Nogai: шепкен, romanized: şepken; Azerbaijani: çəpkən; Turkish: cepken) is a caftan worn among Turkic people and later by the Cossacks. It was also in wide use among Caucasians.

Kumyk language
Kumyk (къумукъ тил, qumuq til, قوموق تیل) is a Turkic language spoken by about 520,000 people, mainly by the Kumyks, in the Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechen republics of the Russian Federation. Until the 20th century Kumyk was the lingua franca of the Northern Caucasus.
Gorica, Krško
Gorica (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾiːtsa]) is a village south of Drnovo in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Paul and belongs to the Parish of Leskovec pri Krškem. It has a rectangular Romanesque nave, which was extended in the 18th century when a vaulted sanctuary was added.

A number of Roman graves and an aedicula have been found in the area, indicating the southern extent of the nearby Nevidonium necropolis. Nearby a Roman potter's kiln was also uncovered.

Aedicula
In ancient Roman religion, an aedicula (pl.: aediculae) is a small shrine, and in classical architecture refers to a niche covered by a pediment or entablature supported by a pair of columns and typically framing a statue. The early Christian ones sometimes contained funeral urns. Aediculae are also represented in art as a form of ornamentation.

The word aedicula is the diminutive of the Latin aedes, a temple building or dwelling place. The Latin word has been anglicised as aedicule and as edicule.  Describing post-antique architecture, especially Renaissance architecture, aedicular forms may be described using the word tabernacle, as in tabernacle window.
Lloyd Woman's Club
The Lloyd Woman's Club (also known as the Lloyd Home Demonstration Club) is a historic woman's club in Lloyd, Florida, and a Home Demonstration Club location. It is located on Bond Street. On August 10, 1998, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

As of 2024, the Lloyd Woman's Club continues to serve as an important community center and historic site in Jefferson County, Florida. The building's listing on the National Register recognizes its architectural significance and role in the history of women's civic engagement in the state.

Jefferson County, Florida
Jefferson County is a county located in the Big Bend region in the northern part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,510. Its county seat is Monticello. Jefferson County is part of the Tallahassee, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area but is the 3rd most rural county in Florida. There are no traffic signals within the entire county.
UK Cyber Security Council
The UK Cyber Security Council is the self-regulatory body for the UK cyber security profession, tasked by the UK Government with "the development of a framework that speaks across the different specialisms, setting out a comprehensive alignment of career pathways, including the certifications and qualifications required within certain levels."

Department for Culture, Media and Sport
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It holds the responsibility for culture and sport, and some aspects of the media throughout the UK, such as broadcasting. Its main offices are at 100 Parliament Street, occupying part of the building known as Government Offices Great George Street.

It also has responsibility for the tourism, leisure and creative industries (some jointly with the Department for Business and Trade). The department was also responsible for the delivery of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.

From 2017 to 2023, the department had responsibility for the building of a digital economy and was known as the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. The responsibilities for digital policy were transferred to the newly created Department for Science, Innovation and Technology in the February 2023 cabinet reshuffle.
Kafr Laha
Kafr Laha (Arabic: كفرلاها) is a town in the Homs Governorate north of Homs in northern Syria. In 2004 it had a population of 20,041 according to the Central Bureau of Statistics of Syria. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims. It is the largest town in the Houla region. Nearby localities include Talaf to the northeast, Tell Dahab to the north, Aqrab to the northwest, Qarmas and Maryamin to the west, al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah to the southwest and Taldou to the southeast.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
Zoran Predin
Zoran Predin (born 16 June 1958) is a Slovenian singer-songwriter from Maribor. In the 1980s, he was the front man of the new wave rock band Lačni Franz. He also writes music for film, television, and theatre.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, he went on several tours with the rock singers Pero Lovšin and Vlado Kreslin. Among others, they composed the anthem of the Slovenia national football team for the 2000 European Football Championship.

He has also been active in public life. In the late 1990s, he publicly supported the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia.

Maribor
Maribor (UK: /ˈmærɪbɔːr/ MARR-ib-or, US: /ˈmɑːr-/ MAR-, Slovene: [ˈmáːɾibɔɾ] ⓘ; also known by other historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is the seat of the Urban Municipality of Maribor and the Drava Statistical Region. Maribor is also the economic, administrative, educational, and cultural centre of eastern Slovenia.

Maribor was first mentioned as a castle in 1164, as a settlement in 1209, and as a city in 1254. Like most Slovene ethnic territory, Maribor was under Habsburg rule until 1918, when Rudolf Maister and his men secured the city for the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which then joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1991 Maribor became part of independent Slovenia.

Maribor, along with the Portuguese city of Guimarães, was selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2012.
Jansma
Jansma is a West Frisian patronymic surname cognate to "Johnson". People with this surname include:

Bintje Jansma (1888–1976), Dutch school student after whom her teacher named the potato cultivar Bintje

Esther Jansma (1958–2025), Dutch writer and archaeologist

Jan Jansma (born 1962), Dutch bridge player

Kristopher Jansma (born 1982), American writer and novelist

Rik Jansma (born before 2006), Dutch chef and co-founder of the restaurant Basiliek in Harderwijk, Netherlands

Sijtse Jansma (1898–1977), Dutch tug of war competitor

Sybren Jansma (born 1982), Dutch bobsledder

Timothy J. Jansma (1952–2006), American luthier

Kristopher Jansma
Kristopher Jansma (/ˈdʒænzmə/) is an American fiction writer and essayist.
Born in the Lincroft section of Middletown Township, New Jersey, he attended Johns Hopkins University and Columbia University.
Guyana Trades Union Congress
The Guyana Trades Union Congress is a national trade union center in Guyana. It was founded in 1941 as the British Guiana Trades Union Council. It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.
Clint Bolick
Clint Bolick (born December 26, 1957) is a justice of the Arizona Supreme Court. Previously, he served as Vice President of Litigation at the conservative/libertarian Goldwater Institute. He co-founded the libertarian Institute for Justice, where he was the Vice President and Director of Litigation from 1991 until 2004. He led two cases that went before the Supreme Court of the United States. He has also defended state-based school choice programs in the Supreme Courts of Wisconsin and Ohio.

Supreme Court of Ohio
The Supreme Court of the State of Ohio is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. The court has seven members, a chief justice and six associate justices, who are elected at large by the voters of Ohio for six-year terms. The court has a total of 1,550 other employees. Since 2004, the court has met in the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center (formerly known as the Ohio Departments Building) on the east bank of the Scioto River in Downtown Columbus. Prior to 2004, the court met in the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower and earlier in the Judiciary Annex (now the Senate Building) of the Ohio Statehouse.

The Ohio Supreme Court and the rest of the judiciary is established and authorized within Article IV of the Ohio Constitution.
Shame penalty of Leipzig
The shame penalty of Leipzig (German: Schand-Elfmeter von Leipzig) was a controversial penalty decision by referee Bernd Stumpf during a match in the 1985–86 season of the DDR-Oberliga between 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig and BFC Dynamo, which took place on 22 March 1986 at the Bruno-Plache-Stadion in Leipzig. Following the match, the Deutscher Fußball-Verband (DFV), the umbrella organization for football in East Germany, for the first time permanently banned a referee.

German Football Association (GDR)
The German Football Association of the GDR (German: Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR; DFV) was from 1958 the football association of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), fielding the East Germany national football team until 1990 before rejoining its counterpart, the German Football Association (DFB), which had been founded in 1900.

The DFV was dissolved on 20 November 1990 in Leipzig and in its place the North East German Football Association was formed and joined the German Football Association on the same day and at the same location, a few weeks after East Germany itself had ceased to exist with the German reunification on 3 October 1990.
Lycoming Creek
41°13′44″N 77°2′26″W﻿ / ﻿41.22889°N 77.04056°W﻿ / 41.22889; -77.04056

Lycoming Creek is a 37.5-mile-long (60.4 km) tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River located in Tioga and Lycoming counties in Pennsylvania in the United States.

Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Tioga County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,045. Its county seat is Wellsboro. The county was created on March 26, 1804, from part of Lycoming County and later organized in 1812. It is named for the Tioga River. The county is part of the North Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
USRA Light Santa Fe
The USRA Light Santa Fe was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I.  These locomotives were of 2-10-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′E1′ in UIC classification; this arrangement was commonly named "Santa Fe" in the United States.  At the time, the Santa Fe was the largest non-articulated type in common use, primarily in slow drag freight duty in ore or coal service.

A total of 94 of these locomotives were constructed under the auspices of the USRA.  They went to the following railroads:

Only one USRA Light 2-10-2 survives: DM&IR 506 is on display at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay, Wisconsin

United States Railroad Administration
The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) was the name of the nationalized railroad system of the United States between December 28, 1917, and March 1, 1920. It was the largest American experiment with nationalization, and was undertaken against a background of war emergency following American entry into World War I. During its brief existence, the USRA made major investments in the United States railroad system, and introduced standardized locomotive and railroad car classes, known as USRA standard. After the end of World War I, while some in the United States advocated for continuing nationalization, ultimately the railroads were returned to their previous owners in early 1920.
Penpont Manor House
Penpont is a seventeenth-century Grade I listed manor house in the Usk valley between Brecon and Sennybridge in Powys, Wales. It was built by Daniel Williams on the site of, and perhaps incorporating, an earlier house, Abercamlais-isaf (Welsh:lower Abercamlais). The frontage dates from 1815. Penpont Bridge, a grade II* listed structure, spans the Usk by means of four segmented stone arches. The gardens at Penpont are influenced by Repton but have a long history from the seventeenth century with the addition of a celebrated Green Man maze in recent years. They are listed Grade II* on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

The West Wing of the property is available to rent as holiday accommodation. Less than half a mile upstream is Abercamlais with which comparisons are made, the two houses having some shared history.

Maze
A maze is a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to a goal.  The word is used to refer both to branching tour puzzles through which the solver must find a route, and to simpler non-branching ("unicursal") patterns that lead unambiguously through a convoluted layout to a goal. The term "labyrinth" is generally synonymous with "maze", but can also connote specifically a unicursal pattern. The pathways and walls in a maze are typically fixed, but puzzles in which the walls and paths can change during the game are also categorised as mazes or tour puzzles.
Hassan Ghaznavi
Ashrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi (Persian: اشرف‌الدین ابو محمد حسن بن محمد حسینی غزنوی) known as Ashraf (اشرف) was a 12th-century Persian poet. A sayyid, he boasted of his lineage from the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in his poetry.

Originating from Ghazna now in Afghanistan, he served mostly under Bahram-Shah of the Ghaznavid dynasty. He also served Sultan Sanjar for a while. He died in Azadvar, Iran, where he is buried.

His divan contains 83 ghazals.

He died around 1160 or 1161.

Ahmad Sanjar
Ahmad Sanjar (Persian: احمد سنجر; full name: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah) (6 November 1086 – 8 May 1157) was the Seljuq ruler of Khorasan from 1097 until 1118, when he became the Sultan of the Seljuq Empire, which he ruled until his death in 1157.
Polish Space Agency
The Polish Space Agency (POLSA; Polish: Polska Agencja Kosmiczna, PAK) is the space agency of Poland, administered by the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology. It is a member of the European Space Agency. The agency is focused on developing satellite networks and space technologies in Poland. It was established on 26 September 2014, and its headquarters are located in Gdańsk.

Mirosław Hermaszewski
Mirosław Hermaszewski (Polish: [miˈrɔswaf xɛrmaˈʂɛfski] ⓘ; 15 September 1941 – 12 December 2022) was a Polish cosmonaut, fighter plane pilot, and Polish Air Force officer. He became the first and, at the time of his death in December 2022, only Polish national to ever go to space when he flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz 30 spacecraft in 1978. He was the 89th human to reach outer space.
Valentina Pedicini
Valentina Zucco Pedicini (Brindisi, 6 April 1978 – Rome, 20 November 2020) was an Italian screenwriter and film director.

She graduated at the ZeLIG International School of Documentary in 2010. Her documentary Dal profondo won the Solinas Award at the 2013 Rome Film Festival and was nominated as Best Documentary at the 2014 David di Donatello; it also received a special mention at the 2014 Nastri d'Argento. Her only full-length fiction movie Dove cadono le ombre premiered at the 74th Venice International Film Festival in the Venice Days (Giornate degli autori) section.

Valentina Pedicini died on 20 November 2020 after a long illness.

Brindisi
Brindisi (US: /ˈbrɪndɪzi, ˈbriːn-/ BRIN-diz-ee, BREEN-, Italian: [ˈbrindizi] ⓘ; Brindisino: Brìnnisi) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an essential role in trade and culture due to its strategic position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city remains a major port for trade with the Balkan Peninsula, Greece and the Middle East. Its industries include agriculture, chemical works, and the generation of electricity.

From September 1943 to February 1944, Brindisi was the provisional government seat of the Kingdom of Italy.