hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bi-hemispherical reflectance
Bi-hemispherical reflectance is the reflectance of a surface under diffuse illumination (with no direct component). Bi-hemispherical reflectance is an important part of the Bidirectional reflectance distribution function over all viewing and illumination directions of a hemisphere. It is sometimes called "white-sky albedo".

Diffuse reflection
Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal luminance when viewed from all directions lying in the half-space adjacent to the surface.

A surface built from a non-absorbing powder such as plaster, or from fibers such as paper, or from a polycrystalline material such as white marble, reflects light diffusely with great efficiency. Many common materials exhibit a mixture of specular and diffuse reflection.

The visibility of objects, excluding light-emitting ones, is primarily caused by diffuse reflection of light: it is diffusely-scattered light that forms the image of the object in an observer's eye over a wide range of angles of the observer with respect to the object.
Rufous-bellied helmetshrike
The rufous-bellied helmetshrike or Gabon helmetshrike (Prionops rufiventris) is a passerine bird belonging to the Vanga family, Vangidae. It inhabits tropical forest in Central Africa. It is sometimes included within the chestnut-bellied helmetshrike (P. caniceps) of West Africa.

Tropical forest
Tropical forests are forested ecoregions with tropical climates – that is, land areas approximately bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.

Some tropical forest types are difficult to categorize. While forests in temperate areas are readily categorized on the basis of tree canopy density, such schemes do not work well in tropical forests. There is no single scheme that defines what a forest is, in tropical regions or elsewhere. Because of these difficulties, information on the extent of tropical forests varies between sources. However, tropical forests are extensive, making up just under half the world's forests. The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.

More than 3.6 million hectares of virgin tropical forest was lost in 2018.
Linux Game Publishing
Linux Game Publishing (sometimes also referred to as LGP) was a software company based in Nottingham in England. It ported, published and sold video games running on Linux operating systems. As well as porting games, LGP also sponsored the development of Grapple, a free software network library for games. As well as acting as a Linux game porter in of themselves, they also functioned as a publisher for other Linux game developers and porters. The company was dissolved on 3 May 2011.

Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom
Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom, known as simply Knights and Merchants, is a medieval-time based real-time strategy (RTS) video game. It was developed by Joymania Entertainment (since changed to Joymania Development) and published by TopWare Interactive in 1998. The player takes the role of the captain of the palace guards and leads the soldiers and citizens to victory. An expansion pack was released in 2001, titled Knights and Merchants: The Peasants Rebellion.
Lindemann Performing Arts Center
The Lindemann Performing Arts Center is a performing and visual arts facility at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The building is located at 144 Angell Street on Brown's main campus in the city's College Hill neighborhood, and opened in October 2023. The Lindemann and adjacent Perry and Marty Granoff Center for the Creative Arts are both used by the Brown Arts Institute and comprise part of the university's Perelman Arts District. The Arts Center is named for benefactor Frayda Lindemann and her husband George Lindemann.

George Lindemann
George Lyle Lindemann (March 26, 1936 – June 21, 2018) was an American billionaire businessman known for being the chairman and chief executive officer of Southern Union, a fossil fuel infrastructure and pipeline company. He was also the owner of 19 Spanish-language radio stations and the vice president of the Metropolitan Opera Association in New York City.

He ranked #703 on the Forbes 2018 list of the world's billionaires, with a net worth of US$3.3 billion.

In 2023, the Lindeman  family agreed to return 33 ancient statues which had been stolen from  Cambodia, valued at $20 million.
Samantha Sally
Samantha Marie Sally, also known as Samantha Elhassani (born 1984 or 1985), is an American woman who lived with her husband and children in the Islamic State between 2015 and 2017. Sally has maintained she was tricked into traveling to the Islamic State by her husband, and was not a supporter of the group. She is currently serving a prison sentence in the United States for providing financial support to a terrorist group.

Deir ez-Zor
Deir ez-Zor (Arabic: دَيْرُ ٱلزَّوْرِ / دَيْرُ ٱلزُّور, romanized: Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country. Located on the banks of the Euphrates 450 km (280 mi) to the northeast of the capital Damascus, Deir ez-Zor is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. In the 2018 census, it had a population of 271,800.
Adam Janisch
Adam Nicholas Janisch (born 21 October 1975) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Janisch was born at Hammersmith in October 1975. He was educated at Abingdon School, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he played first-class cricket for Cambridge University Cricket Club from 1995 to 1998, making 18 appearances. After claiming Test cricketer John Crawley as his maiden first-class wicket in his second first-class appearance, Janisch went on to take a further 25 wickets with his medium pace bowling at an average of 59.15, with best figures of 4 for 71. As a lower order batsman, he scored 168 runs at a batting average of 15.27 and made a highest score of 26 not out.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Bigg Boss Marathi
Bigg Boss Marathi is the Marathi-language version of the reality television programme Bigg Boss, based on Big Brother, which airs on Colors Marathi. Mahesh Manjrekar hosted the show for four seasons and the fifth, sixth season was hosted by Ritesh Deshmukh. The third season was to be launched in May 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season eventually started on 19 September 2021.

Rajesh Shringarpure
Rajesh Shringarpure (born 29 October 1977) is an Indian film and television actor who appears in Hindi cinema and Marathi cinema.He had played the role of Malhar Rao Holkar in television serial Punyashlok Ahilyabai on which is being aired on Sony Entertainment Television.

Rajesh is best known for his negative role in Sarkar Raj. He also played an important role in Murder 3. He is known for his brawny looks. He played the role of Seleucus I Nicator in the TV series Chandragupta Maurya (2011). In  2018, Shringarpure has participated in the first season of Bigg Boss Marathi (season 1), which airs on Colors Marathi.
Cantinflas (film)
Cantinflas is a 2014 Mexican biographical comedy-drama film directed by Sebastián del Amo. Based on the life of actor and comedian Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes, the film stars Óscar Jaenada as the title character, Michael Imperioli, Ilse Salas, Bárbara Mori, Ana Layevska and Adal Ramones. It premiered on September 18, 2014 in Mexico. In the United States it was released on August 29, 2014. It was selected as the Mexican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

On December 12, 2014, José Miguel Insulza, Secretary General of the Organization of American States, gave a recognition to Producer Vidal Cantu and Director Sebastian del Amo in a special screening of Cantinflas in the Hall of  the Americas in Washington, D.C. Ambassadors from the 34 countries members of the OAS were present in the event.

José Miguel Insulza
José Miguel Insulza Salinas (born June 2, 1943) is a Chilean politician, lawyer, and academic serving as a senator for the Arica y Parinacota Region since 2018. He previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1999 and Minister Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1999 to 2000 under president Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, as Minister of the Interior from 2000 to 2005 under president Ricardo Lagos, and as Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 2005 to 2015.

Insulza is nicknamed El Panzer in Chile, for his tank-like drive and reputation due to his ability to take political heat with little apparent damage.
On Sugarland
On Sugarland is a 2022 American play by Aleshea Harris. The play is a loose adaptation of Sophocles's Greek tragedies Philoctetes and Antigone, and centers a teenage girl calling on her matriarchal ancestors to learn the truth about her mother who died in an unnamed, allegorical war. The play takes place in a historical Southern cul-de-sac of mobile homes. On Sugarland was a finalist for the 2023 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Mobile home
A mobile home (also known as a house trailer, park home, trailer, or trailer home) is a prefabricated structure, built in a factory on a permanently attached chassis before being transported to site (either by being towed or on a trailer). Used as permanent homes, or for holiday or temporary accommodation, they are often left permanently or semi-permanently in one place, but can be moved, and may be required to move from time to time for legal reasons.

Mobile homes share the same historic origins as travel trailers, but today the two are very different, with travel trailers being used primarily as temporary or vacation homes. Behind the cosmetic work fitted at installation to hide the base, mobile homes have strong trailer frames, axles, wheels, and tow-hitches.
Edmond Marin la Meslée
Edmond Marin la Meslée (5 February 1912 – 4 February 1945) was a French fighter pilot in World War II. 5th highest-scoring French ace of the conflict with 16 aerial victories, he was the most successful French air ace of the French campaign with sixteen confirmed (and four probable) air victories between January and June 1940. Roland Dorgelès presented him as the "Guynemer of the 1939-1945 war".

Roland Dorgelès
Roland Dorgelès (French pronunciation: [dɔʁʒəlɛs]; 15 June 1885 – 18 March 1973) was a French novelist and a member of the Académie Goncourt.

Born in Amiens, Somme, under the name Roland Lecavelé (he adopted the pen name Dorgelès to commemorate visits to the spa town of Argelès), he spent his childhood in Paris.

A prolific author, he is most renowned for the Prix Femina-winning Wooden crosses (Les croix de bois), a moving study of World War I, in which he served. It was published in 1919 (in English by William Heinemann in 1920).

Dorgelès served as a juror with Florence Meyer Blumenthal in awarding the Prix Blumenthal, a grant given between 1919 and 1954 to painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers and musicians.
Birla Institute of Scientific Research
26°54′20″N 75°48′19″E﻿ / ﻿26.9055289°N 75.8053789°E﻿ / 26.9055289; 75.8053789
The Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR) is a private not-for-profit research institute based in Jaipur, India.  The organisation is a sister concern of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.  The institute's research goals is purely on Research and Development in the area of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Remote Sensing. The institute has had a few funded projects from Department of Science and Technology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Government of India. The organisation is a part of Biotechnology Information Systems Network, Government of India (BTISNET).

Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (BIT, Mesra) is a government funded technical institute (GFTI) situated at Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It was declared as a deemed university under Section 3 of the UGC Act. The institute was included under Section 12B of the UGC Act, 1956, in November 2023.
Rob Quartly
Robert Quartly is a Canadian music video, television and commercial director.  During the 1980s, Quartly produced numerous Juno Award-winning music videos for artists, including Corey Hart, Gowan, Platinum Blonde and Rush. As both a director and a producer, he gave birth to Canada's music video production industry. Quartly has been recognized with JUNOs, CFTA personal achievement awards and his induction as the first member of the Much Music Hall of Fame.

His activity in the advertising industry has been equally successful with recognition at Cannes, Toronto and New York Art Directors Club, Bessies, Clios, One Show, Marketing Awards.

Television projects have seen him direct The Vacant Lot series, act as co-creator of the CBC show "The Triple Sensation", and create/direct/executive produce the CHUM comedy series "And Go,!"

Quartly is represented by Sugino Studio based in Toronto, Ontario.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Jingan metro station
Jingan (Chinese: 景安, formerly transliterated as Ching-An Station until 2003) is a metro station in New Taipei, Taiwan, served by the Taipei Metro and New Taipei Metro. It is a transfer station between the Zhonghe–Xinlu line and Circular line. The elevated Circular line platforms opened on 31 January 2020.

New Taipei Metro
New Taipei Metro (Chinese: 新北捷運; pinyin: Xīnběi Jiéyùn; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄩㄣˋ) is a transit system serving New Taipei, Taiwan, operated by New Taipei Metro Corporation. The Danhai light rail, Ankeng light rail, and Circular line are currently in operation, while the Sanying line is under construction and further lines are in various planning stages. Currently, these services are connected to Taipei Metro but operate independently, with the exception of the Circular line which is completely integrated into the Taipei Metro system but operated by New Taipei Metro.
Greendale Fault
The Greendale Fault is an active seismic fault situated in the Canterbury Plains in New Zealand's South Island. The fault was previously unknown to geologists until 4 September 2010, as physical traces of the fault had been buried by gravel (alluvial deposits) during the last glaciation period.

Active fault
An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years.

Active faulting is considered to be a geologic hazard – one related to earthquakes as a cause. Effects of movement on an active fault include strong ground motion, surface faulting, tectonic deformation, landslides and rockfalls, liquefaction, tsunamis, and seiches.

Quaternary faults are those active faults that have been recognized at the surface and which have evidence of movement during the Quaternary Period.

Related geological disciplines for active-fault studies include geomorphology, seismology, reflection seismology, plate tectonics, geodetics and remote sensing, risk analysis, and others.
Beth Abraham Cemetery
Beth Abraham Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Carrick neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The cemetery is composed of four culturally separate but physically interconnected Jewish burial grounds: Beth Abraham, Shaare Zedeck, Marks, and Gates of Wisdom/Old Shaare. Five major ethnic groups are represented, with Lithuanian, Russian, Galitzianer, Romanian, and Polish Orthodox populations having significant visibility.

It is located in a hilly grove bound by Mullally Street (S), Stewart Avenue (E), St. George's Cemetery (N), and Spinneweber Street (W). As of May 2024, the cemetery is a Pittsburgh Landmark due to its status as the most complete record of the varying Jewish populations in Pittsburgh before the mass migration surrounding the World War II.

Carrick (Pittsburgh)
Carrick is a south neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States.  It is served by two zip codes, 15210 and 15227, and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 4 (South Neighborhoods).

Located between the suburbs of the South Hills and downtown, Carrick is well-served by public transportation. Once home to prominent mansions and wealthy families, the neighborhood currently has an affordable, solid housing stock and remains family-oriented. The neighborhood has, since the early 2000s, become the epicenter of Pittsburgh's burgeoning Nepali and Bhutanese communities.
Ahshislepelta
Ahshislepelta (meaning "Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash shield") is a monospecific genus of ankylosaur dinosaur from New Mexico that lived during the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian stage, 74.5 Ma) in what is now the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation. The type and only species, Ahshislepelta minor, is known only from an incomplete postcranial skeleton of a small subadult or adult individual. It was named in 2011 by Michael Burns and Robert M. Sullivan. Based on the size of the humerus, Ahshislepelta is larger than Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus but smaller than Talarurus and Pinacosaurus grangeri.

Postcranium
The postcranium ("behind the cranium"; plural: postcrania) or postcranial skeleton in zoology and vertebrate paleontology is the skeleton apart from the skull. The postcranium encompasses the axial skeleton, which includes the entirety of the vertebrae and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes girdles and limbs.

In paleontology, there may be disagreement over whether the skull and skeleton belong to the same or different animals. One example is the case of the dinosaur Nemegtosaurus, which is known only from a skull that was found in the same geological formation as the related Opisthocoelicaudia, which is only known from postcranial material.
Norfolk robin
The Norfolk robin (Petroica multicolor), also known as the Norfolk Island scarlet robin or Norfolk Island robin, is a small bird in the Australasian robin family Petroicidae. It is endemic to Norfolk Island, an Australian territory in the Tasman Sea, between Australia and New Zealand.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Samuel J. Clark
Samuel J. "Sam" Clark is a demographer with expertise in epidemiology and data science. He has worked as a professor in the Department of Sociology at The Ohio State University and the Department of Sociology at the University of Washington. He is an expert on ascertaining cause of death using verbal autopsy.

Cause of death
In law, medicine, and statistics, cause of death is an official determination of the conditions resulting in a human's death, which may be recorded on a death certificate. A cause of death is determined by a medical examiner. In rare cases, an autopsy needs to be performed by a pathologist. The cause of death is a specific disease or injury, in contrast to the manner of death, which is a small number of categories like "natural", "accident", "suicide", and "homicide", each with different legal implications.

International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes can be used to record manner and cause of death in a systematic way that makes it easy to compile statistics and more feasible to compare events across jurisdictions.
2008 IIHF World U18 Championship Division I
The 2008 IIHF World U18 Championship Division I was an international under-18 ice hockey competition organised by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Both Division I tournaments made up the second level of the 2008 IIHF World U18 Championships. The Group A tournament was played in Toruń, Poland, and the Group B tournament was played in Riga, Latvia, both from 2 to 8 April 2008. The Czech Republic and Norway won the Group A and B tournaments respectively and gained promotion to the Top Division of the 2009 IIHF World U18 Championships.

2009 IIHF World U18 Championships
The 2009 IIHF World U18 Championships were held in Fargo, North Dakota and Moorhead, Minnesota, United States. The championships ran from April 9 to April 19, 2009. Games were played at the Urban Plains Center in Fargo and the Moorhead Sports Center in Moorhead. Fargo-Moorhead defeated Providence, Rhode Island and St. Cloud, Minnesota for the rights to host the event.

The United States, as the host country, won their third gold medal in five years, defeating Russia 5–0 in the final. Finland rounded out the podium with a 5–4 shootout win over Canada in the bronze medal game.