hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multiple comparisons problem
Multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when many statistical tests are performed on the same dataset. Each test has its own chance of a Type I error (false positive), so the overall probability of making at least one false positive increases as the number of tests grows. In statistics, this occurs when one simultaneously considers a set of statistical inferences or estimates a subset of selected parameters based on observed values.

The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests, the more likely erroneous inferences become.  Several statistical techniques have been developed to compensate for the number of inferences being made—for example, by requiring a stricter significance threshold for individual comparisons.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Susan Hilsenbeck
Susan Galloway Hilsenbeck is an American biostatistician whose research interests include biomarkers and the applications of biostatistics in cancer research. She is a professor in the Baylor College of Medicine, where she directs the Quantitative Sciences Share Resource in the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Hilsenbeck earned her Ph.D. in 1990, at the University of Miami. Her dissertation, Acquisition and use of information on data quality in large population-based tumor registries, was supervised by Charles Kurucz. She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2011.

Her hobbies include scuba diving and quilting. Her quilts have been featured in the books Amish Quilts, The Adventure Continues (2013) and Quarantine Quilts: Creativity in the Midst of Chaos (2021).

Biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.
Pycnarmon cribrata
Pycnarmon cribrata is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is known from Kenya, Zambia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Known host plants of the larvae of this species are Embelia tsjeriam-cottam, Ocimum sanctum, Plectranthus parviflorus, Salvia coccinea, Solenstemon blumei and Vitex sp.

Salvia coccinea
Salvia coccinea, the blood sage, scarlet sage, Texas sage, or tropical sage, is a herbaceous perennial  in the family Lamiaceae that is widespread throughout the Southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America (Colombia, Peru, and Brazil). At one time Brazil was considered to be where it originated, but its diploid chromosome count now points to Mexico as its place of origin.
Villedieu, Vaucluse
Villedieu (French pronunciation: [vildjø]; Occitan: Viladieu) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

A local legend says that the penitents asked to Alice Colonieu to make a statue of the Virgin and to install on the back of a house in Villedieu. This set of Renaissance style, decorated with a king scallop is called the " Virgin of the Smile" and is still visible in Villedieu.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
Kevin Ramsey
Kevin Ramsey (born September 5, 1961) is an American former football player and coach. Ramsey served as the interim head football coach at Texas Southern University in 2011 and the head football coach at Clark Atlanta University from 2015 to 2018.

Ramsey was born and raised in East St. Louis, Illinois. He attended Indiana State University, where he played college football as a defensive back from 1980 to 1983. He earned his bachelor's degree in education at Indiana State in 1984.

Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University (CAU or Clark Atlanta) is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded on September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University, the first HBCU in the United States to confer graduate degrees to African Americans.   In 1988, the school consolidated with Clark College (established 1869) to form CAU. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Kenny Mwansa
Kenny Mwansa (born 14 July 1949) is a Zambian boxer. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he defeated Rodolfo Díaz of the Philippines, before losing to Nikolay Novikov of the Soviet Union.

Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
The Flyweight class in the boxing competition was the second-lowest weight class.  Flyweights were limited to those boxers weighing a maximum of 51 kilograms (112.4 lbs). 26 boxers qualified for this category. Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of six rounds each. Five judges scored each bout.
2013 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships – Women's singles
Julia Glushko was the defending champion of the Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships, having won the event in 2012, but losing in the semifinals to Shelby Rogers in 2013. Rogers went on to win the title, defeating Julie Coin in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–3).

Shelby Rogers
Shelby Nicole Rogers (born October 13, 1992) is an American former professional tennis player. She had career-high WTA rankings of No. 30 in singles and No. 40 in doubles, and won six singles and two doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. Rogers won the girls' national championship at 17. Her best results at the majors were quarterfinals at the 2016 French Open and the 2020 US Open.

Rogers was noted for her victories against top-ranked players which include Simona Halep (No. 4) at the 2017 Australian Open, Serena Williams (No. 9) at the 2020 Lexington Challenger and Ashleigh Barty (No. 1) at the 2021 US Open. Rogers is also undefeated against two-time Wimbledon champion Petra Kvitová, with wins at the 2016 French Open and 2020 US Open, the latter in which she saved four match points. Both are also the only instances in her career where she made the quarterfinals at the majors.
Big Blue Diamonds
"Big Blue Diamonds" is a song written by Earl J. (Kit) Carson in 1950 and published by Lois Music, BMI. It was first recorded by the country singer, Red Perkins, and originally issued as a 78 rpm single on King Records #903 b/w "Rag Man Boogie" in 1950. Many artists have recorded the song throughout the years, sometimes with a variation of the title including: "Blue Diamond", "Big Blue Diamond", and "Big Blue Diamonds".

One of the best-selling versions of the song was recorded in 1962 by Little Willie John on King Records which made the Billboard charts. Gene Summers with the Tom Toms had his biggest-selling single with the song in 1964 on Jamie Records and it became his signature song throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Country singer Jacky Ward covered the Summers version in 1972, where it reached #39 on the US County chart.

Although "Big Blue Diamonds" was originally written as a country song it has been able to switch genres from country to rhythm and blues, rock and roll and jazz.

Jamie Records
Jamie Records is a record label founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1956 by Harold Lipsius (1913–2007) and Allan Sussel (1924–2003). Their first 45rpm single, "It's Great to Fall in Love"/"Truly" by Marian Caruso, was issued in 1956. The label was named after Allan Sussel's eldest daughter, Jamie Sussel Turner.
Flat Top Island Light
Flat Top Island Light is an inactive lighthouse on Flat Top Island, a small island off the entrance to Mackay harbor at the mouth of Pioneer River, about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) east of Mackay, Queensland, Australia. It used to mark the river entrance for shipping and the direction of the port, as well as highlighting close by shoals at Shoalwater Point and a reef off Hay Point. At 6 metres (20 ft) from the ground to the lantern floor, it is the shortest of Queensland's timber-framed iron clad lighthouses.

Hay Point, Queensland
Hay Point is a coastal locality in Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It contains two towns, Hector on its north coast (21°16′37″S 149°16′12″E﻿ / ﻿21.2769°S 149.27°E﻿ / -21.2769; 149.27﻿ (Hector, Queensland)) and Half Tide on its south coast (21°17′50″S 149°17′31″E﻿ / ﻿21.2972°S 149.2919°E﻿ / -21.2972; 149.2919﻿ (Half Tide)). In the 2021 census, the locality of Hay Point had a population of 1,306 people.
2016 Remus F3 Cup
The 2016 Remus F3 Cup was the 35th Austria Formula 3 Cup season and the fourth Remus F3 Cup season.

Despite missing the fifth round of the season, Sandro Zeller of Jo Zeller Racing was crowned champion by 69 points over Franz Wöss Racing driver Kurt Böhlen.

Franz Wöss Racing
Franz Wöss Racing is an Austrian motor racing team. It was founded in the early 1990s by Franz Wöss. Currently Franz Wöss Racing competes in the Remus F3 Cup. The team did also participate in the now folded German Formula 3 Championship occasionally.

Franz Wöss Racing didn't aim to compete for championships in German Formula 3, but rather entered and prepared any car from well-funded or so-called 'gentleman drivers'. From 2006 to 2013, with the exceptions of Hamad Al Fardan and their 2011 entries, they competed only in the Trophy Class which was restricted to older Formula 3 cars.

The team won their first drivers' championship in the 1997 Austria Formula 3 Cup season with Czech driver Petr Krizan. However, the team has won the 1994 Austria Formula 3 Trophy before.

Team founder and owner Franz Wöss is also the organizer of the Remus F3 Cup and the FIA CEZ Formula 3.
Manfred Björkquist
Manfred Björkquist (22 June 1884 – 23 November 1985) was a Swedish prelate who was the Bishop of Stockholm from 1942 till 1954, and co-founder of Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket. He was also the leader of the Young Church (Swedish: Ungkyrkorörelsen) conservative movement.

Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket
Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket (SSHL) is a coeducational independent school for boarding and day students between the ninth and twelfth grades. It is located in Sigtuna, Sweden. The school is attended by Swedish boarders, local children and foreigners.

As a non-profit private boarding school, management of the SSHL's financial and physical resources is jointly overseen by the Sigtuna Skolstiftelse (Sigtuna School Foundation), the Sigtunastiftelsen (National Sigtuna Foundation) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; all the trustees are drawn from  Sigtuna citizens and school alumni. Day-to-day operations are headed by a school director and 2 principals, who are appointed by the trustees.

SSHL alumni include the current King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, and Olof Palme, the former Prime Minister of Sweden. SSHL is a member of the global G30 Schools group.
Oleku (song)
"Oleku" is a song by Nigerian rapper Ice Prince, released by Chocolate City on September 21, 2010. It features vocals by Brymo and serves as the lead single from his debut studio album, Everybody Loves Ice Prince (2011). "Oleku" is one of the most remixed Nigerian songs of all time, and was played alongside Naeto C's "Ten Over Ten" and  D'banj's "Scapegoat". "Oleku" won several accolades, including Hottest Single of the Year at the 2011 Nigeria Entertainment Awards and Song of the Year at the 2011 City People Entertainment Awards.

D'banj
Oladapo Daniel Oyebanjo (listenⓘ; born 9 June 1980), known professionally as D'banj (/dəˈbændʒ/ də-BANJ), is a Nigerian singer, rapper, music executive, event host and television personality. Often regarded as one of the greatest African and Afrobeats artistes of all time, he signed with American rapper Kanye West's record label GOOD Music to release his 2012 single "Oliver Twist", an uptempo dance fusion of EDM and Afrobeats for which he became best known. With record producer Don Jazzy, he co-founded the record label Mo' Hits Records. His stage name is a combination of his first name, Dapo, and his surname, Oyebanjo.
Torre Annunziata
Torre Annunziata (Italian: [ˈtorre annunˈtsjaːta]; Neapolitan: Torre Nunziata) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is located on the Gulf of Naples, at the foot of Mount Vesuvius.

Metropolitan City of Naples
The Metropolitan City of Naples (Italian: città metropolitana di Napoli) is a metropolitan city in the Campania region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Naples. The province was established on 1 January 2015 and contains 92 comuni (sg.: comune).
It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and established by Law 56/2014, thus replacing the province of Naples in 2015. It has 2,958,410 inhabitants as of 2025, making it the 3rd most populous metropolitan city in the country.

The Metropolitan City of Naples is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 18 October 2021, its head has been Gaetano Manfredi, mayor of the capital city.
2025 Big West Conference women's soccer tournament
The 2025 Big West Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big West Conference, held from November 2 to November 9, 2025. The five–match tournament featured a six–team, single–elimination format consisting of three rounds, with seeding based on regular season conference records. First round matches were hosted by the higher seeds, while the semifinals and final were held at Matador Soccer Field in Northridge, California.

The defending champions were the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos. The Gauchos advanced to the final after  defeating UC Irvine and CSUN (Cal State Northridge), but were unable to defend their title, losing to Cal Poly in the championship match. As tournament champions, Cal Poly earned the Big West Conference’s automatic berth to the 2025 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament, where they faced eventual national runners-up Stanford.

2025 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 2025 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament was the 44th edition of the NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament, a postseason tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's college soccer. The College Cup was played on December 5 and December 8 at CPKC Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and televised on ESPNU.

North Carolina were the defending national champion. North Carolina received an unseeded, at-large bid, and was unable to defend their title falling to TCU in penalties in the Round of 16.

Three teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and one team from the Big 12 Conference qualified for the college cup, and Florida State prevailed, claiming their fifth college cup.
1986 Seiko Super Tennis Hong Kong – Doubles
Brad Drewett and Kim Warwick were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Drewett teamed up with Mark Edmondson and lost in the first round to Chip Hooper and Mike Leach, while Warwick teamed up with Steve Denton and also lost in the first round to Scott Davis and David Pate.

Mike De Palmer and Gary Donnelly won the title by defeating Pat Cash and Mark Kratzmann 7–6, 6–7, 7–5 in the final.

Gary Donnelly
Gary Donnelly (born June 3, 1962) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Donnelly still lives in Phoenix with his five children and wife, where he is a club pro at the Scottsdale Arizona Inn.

Donnelly played college tennis at Arizona State University.
Kitab al-Miraj
The Kitab al-Mi'raj (Arabic: كتاب المعراج "Book of the Ascension") is a book by al-Qushayri (died 1072) concerning the Miraj, that is, Muhammad's ascension into Heaven following his miraculous one-night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem. The book is divided into seven chapters, and was written in Arabic using the Naskh script.

In the second half of the 13th century, the book was translated into Latin (as Liber scalae Machometi) and Spanish (by Abraham of Toledo), and soon thereafter (in 1264 CE) into Old French.  Its Islamic depictions of Hell are believed by some scholars to have been a major influence on Dante's Divine Comedy (completed in 1320), including Miguel Asín Palacios, and Enrico Cerulli .

Al-Qushayri
'Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawazin Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī al-Naysābūrī (Persian: عبدالکریم قُشَیری‎, Arabic: عبد الكريم بن هوازن بن عبد الملك بن طلحة أبو القاسم القشيري; 986 – 30 December 1072) was an Arab Muslim scholar, theologian, jurist, legal theoretician, commentator of the Qur’an, muhaddith, grammarian, spiritual master, orator, poet, and an eminent scholar who mastered a number of Islamic sciences. Al-Qushayri, combined the routine instruction of a Shafi'i law specialist and Hadith expert (muhaddith) with a solid slant to mysticism and ascetic lifestyle.

He was born in Nishapur which is in Khorasan province in Iran. This region was widely known as a center of Islamic civilization up to the 13th Century CE. He was the grandfather of the hadith scholar Abd al-Ghafir al-Farsi, a student of Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni.
Intramural sports
Intramural sports, also known as interhall sports, hall sports, or (in collegiate universities, particularly in the UK) inter-collegiate sport or college sport, are recreational sports organized within a particular institution, usually an educational institution, for the purpose of fun and exercise. The term is chiefly North American, although the concept originates from the United Kingdom and the term has been adopted there (normally as intramural sport in the singular). It is contrasted with extramural, varsity or intercollegiate (US) sports, which are played between teams from different educational institutions. The word intermural, which means "between institutions", is a common error for "intramural".

Educational institution
An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities.  They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces.
Katsia I Dadiani
Katsia I Dadiani (Georgian: კაცია I დადიანი; died 1710), of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1704 to 1710.

Katsia was the eldest son of Giorgi IV Dadiani by his wife, Sevdia Mikeladze, whom Giorgi divorced, in 1701, to marry Tamar, daughter of the powerful prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze, sometime King of Imereti. Katsia became Prince of Mingrelia on Giorgi IV Dadiani's abdication and retirement to the fiefdom of Salipartiano in 1704, but he remained under his father's influence until 1709, when Katsia and his brother, Bezhan—who never forgave Giorgi for divorcing their mother—forced Giorgi into flight to Abkhazia. Giorgi was able to return and reinstate himself as Prince of Mingrelia when Katsia died in 1710. Katisa was not married and had no children.

Principality of Abkhazia
The Principality of Abkhazia (Georgian: აფხაზეთის სამთავრო, romanized: apkhazetis samtavro) emerged as a separate feudal entity in the 15th-16th centuries, amid the civil wars in the Kingdom of Georgia that concluded with the dissolution of the unified Georgian monarchy. The principality retained a degree of autonomy under Ottoman and then Russian rule, but was eventually absorbed into the Russian Empire in 1864, following the Caucasian War.
1960 Milan–San Remo
The 1960 Milan–San Remo was the 51st edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1960. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by René Privat of the Mercier team.

Mercier (cycling team)
Mercier was a French professional cycling team that promoted and raced on Mercier racing bikes. Together with the Peugeot team, the Mercier team had a long presence in the cycling sport and in the Tour de France from 1935 until 1984.
Visitors from Oz
Visitors from Oz: The Wild Adventures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, and the Tin Woodman is an unofficial sequel to the Oz book series. Published in 1998, it was written by Martin Gardner and illustrated by Ted Enik. It follows up after the last Oz book written by L. Frank Baum.

Gardner employs a mathematics puzzle (involving a Klein bottle) to bring the three Oz characters to Earth in 1998, where Dorothy becomes involved in the machinations of two movie producers. Contemporary references to Rudy Giuliani, the Internet, and television newscasts are unusual, at the least, in an Oz book. Gardner's whimsy encompasses the ancient Greek gods, characters from Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its 1871 sequel Through the Looking-Glass, and an ursine detective called Sheerluck Brown.

Gardner's attempt at contemporizing Oz might be compared to Dave Hardenbrook's similar attempt in his The Unknown Witches of Oz (2000).

Klein bottle
In mathematics, the Klein bottle (/ˈklaɪn/) is an example of a surface with no distinct inside or outside. In other words, it is a one-sided surface which, if traveled upon, could be followed back to the point of origin while flipping the traveler upside down. More formally, it is an example of a non-orientable surface, a two-dimensional manifold on which one cannot define a consistent direction perpendicular to the surface (normal vector) that varies continuously over the whole shape.

The Klein bottle is related to other non-orientable surfaces like the Möbius strip, which also has only one side but does have a boundary. In contrast, the Klein bottle is boundaryless, like a sphere or torus, though it cannot be embedded in ordinary three-dimensional space without intersecting itself.

The Klein bottle was first described in 1882 by the mathematician Felix Klein.