hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Character encodings in HTML
While Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) has been in use since 1991, HTML 4.0 from December 1997 was the first standardized version where international characters were given reasonably complete treatment. When an HTML document includes special characters outside the range of seven-bit ASCII, two goals are worth considering: the information's integrity, and universal browser display.

In version 5.3 of the now retired W3C specification, and the current Living Standard published by WHATWG, the only valid encoding is UTF-8.

Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal (hex for short) is a positional numeral system for representing a numeric value as base 16. For the most common convention, a digit is represented as "0" to "9" like for decimal and as a letter of the alphabet from "A" to "F" (either upper or lower case) for the digits with decimal value 10 to 15.

As typical computer hardware is binary in nature and that hex is power of 2, the hex representation is often used in computing as a dense representation of binary information. A hex digit represents 4 contiguous bits –known as a nibble. An 8-bit byte is two hex digits, such as 2C.

Special notation is often used to indicate that a number is hex. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value 491 would be expressed in hex as 1EB16. In computer programming, various notations are used. In C and many related languages, the prefix 0x is used. For example, 0x1EB.
2020 Rio Open – Doubles
Máximo González and Nicolás Jarry were the defending champions, but Jarry could not compete due to a provisional suspension. González played alongside Fabrice Martin but lost in the quarterfinals to Marcel Granollers and Horacio Zeballos.

Granollers and Zeballos went on to win the title, defeating Salvatore Caruso and Federico Gaio in the final, 6–4, 5–7, [10–7].

Attila Balázs
Attila Balázs (Hungarian: [ˈɒtillɒ ˈbɒlaːʒ]; born September 27, 1988) is a Hungarian former professional tennis player. 
He has a career-high singles ATP ranking of No. 76 achieved on 2 March 2020. He is a seven time Hungarian National Tennis Champion; after Béla von Kehrling, József Asbóth and István Gulyás. He is the fourth Hungarian player who was able to win at least 6 consecutive National Championships.
H3 (pyrotechnics)
H3 is a pyrotechnic composition which is used mostly as a burst charge for small diameter shells.  It is friction and shock sensitive, as are most compositions containing chlorates. For this reason, H3 should be mixed using the "diaper method" and not with a ball mill. The composition consists of:

Potassium chlorate (KClO3) (oxidizing agent) - 70%

Charcoal (fuel) - 30%

Dextrin (binder) - 2% (additional percent)

Due to the potassium chlorate, H3 should not be mixed with sulfur or compositions containing sulfur, as sulfur increases the sensitivity of the mixture.

Binder (material)
A binder or binding agent is any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically, chemically, by adhesion or cohesion.

More narrowly, binders are liquid or dough-like substances that harden by a chemical or physical process and bind fibres, filler powder and other particles added into it. Examples include glue, adhesive and thickening.

Examples of mechanical binders are bond stones in masonry and tie beams in timber framing.
André Florschütz
André Florschütz (born 6 August 1976 in Sonneberg) is a German luger who competed from 1993 to 2010. Together with Torsten Wustlich, he won the silver medal in the men's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Florschütz also won nine medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with six golds (Men's doubles: 2001, 2005, 2008; Mixed team: 2005, 2008, 2009) and three silvers (Men's doubles: 2004, 2009; Mixed team: 1999).

His best overall finish at the FIL European Luge Championships was fifth in the men's doubles event twice (2004, 2008).

Florschütz's best overall finish in the men's doubles Luge World Cup was second three times (2000-1, 2003-4, 2004-5). His younger brother Thomas competes for Germany in bobsleigh.

FIL World Luge Championships 1999
The FIL World Luge Championships 1999 took place in Königssee, Germany for a record fifth time. Königssee had hosted the event previously in 1969, 1970, 1974, and 1979. The team event was modified to one each for men's doubles, men's singles, and women's singles starting at these championships which reduced the number of competitors per team from six to four.
Junior Senior (TV series)
Junior Senior is a 2017 Indian-Tamil-language stand-up comedy reality TV show, which premiered on 12 February 2017 and 30 July 2017, and aired every Sunday on Zee Tamil.

The show is hosted by Kalyani (previously played by Keerthi). Kollywood actress Meena, actor Shiva, and Tamil television actress Rachitha Mahalakshmi are the judges of the show. Each team has two children (ages 4–14) and two adults (ages 18–25) as the participants. The show last aired on 30 July 2017 and ended with 25 episodes.

Rachitha Mahalakshmi
Rachitha Mahalakshmi is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Tamil along with some Telugu and Kannada television and films. She is best known for her role as Jyoti in Pirivom Sandhippom, but gained critical acclaim as Meenatchi in the popular Tamil series Saravanan Meenatchi. She was also a contestant on the reality show Bigg Boss Tamil – Season 6 and was later evicted from the show on day 91.
Bertie Verley
Bertie Verley (28 December 1873 – 14 January 1907) was a Jamaican solicitor and sportsman.

Verley was born in Kingston, Jamaica. He attended York Castle High School in Jamaica and Lynn Grammar School in England, before going on to Christ's College, Cambridge. He graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1893 and returned to Jamaica where he practised as a solicitor.

Verley played in five first-class matches for the Jamaican cricket team from 1894 to 1897. His obituary in the Wisden Cricketers' Almanack described him as a "useful bowler" who played against R. S. Lucas' XI in 1895 and A. A. Priestley's XI in 1897. He also captained the Jamaican polo team on a tour of Trinidad in 1905.

Verley was killed in the 1907 Kingston earthquake. He was buried at Half Way Tree.

R. S. Lucas' cricket team in the West Indies in 1894–95
A team of amateur cricketers under the captaincy of Robert Slade Lucas toured the West Indies in the 1894–95 season, playing matches between January and April 1895. They played a total of 16 matches of which eight are regarded as first-class. It was the first visit of an English cricket team to the West Indies.
John 3:7 (sign)
A sign with the legend "JOHN 3:7" was often seen at Gaelic games stadiums in Ireland. It referred to a verse in the Gospel of John and for over two decades was displayed by fan Frank  Hogan during matches.

The sign featured in the national media following its second disappearance in August 2009: Hogan launched an extensive, and ultimately successful, media campaign for its return before the next match. During that brief disappearance, bookmakers offered odds as to where it might next reappear and Paddy Power offered to purchase a replacement. The sign is so recognisable that, according to Hogan, "everybody wants to steal it or buy it. People regard it as a trophy." However, this recognition would also make it difficult for anyone else to display the sign in the event of its theft.

Kildare
Kildare (Irish: Cill Dara, meaning 'church of oak') is a town in County Kildare, Ireland. As of 2022, its population was 10,302, making it the 7th largest town in County Kildare. It is home to Kildare Cathedral, historically the site of an important abbey said to have been founded by Saint Brigid of Kildare in the 5th century. The Curragh lies east of the town.

The town lies on the R445, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Dublin – near enough for it to have become, despite being a regional centre in its own right, a commuter town for the capital. Although Kildare gives its name to the county, Naas is the county town.
2024 Moldovan census
The 2024 Moldovan census was a census in Moldova that was held from 8 April to 7 July 2024. Transnistria, a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova, refused to guarantee access and offer security guarantees to the Moldovan authorities to hold the census in Corjova and other localities in Dubăsari District.

Dubăsari District
The Dubăsari District (Romanian pronunciation: [dubəˈsarʲ]) is a district in the east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Cocieri. As of January 1, 2011, its population was 35,200. This does not include the 715 people that live in the village of Roghi, which is controlled by the breakaway Tiraspol authorities. Dubăsari means ferry-arks (see coat of arms).
Athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 200 metres T53
The Men's 200 metres T53 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium on 7 September.

The T53 category is for wheelchair athletes with normal use of arms and hands, no or limited trunk function, and no leg function.

T53 (classification)
T53 is  disability sport classification for disability athletics.  The class includes people with a number of different types of disabilities including spinal cord injuries.  People in this class have full use of their arms but have no or limited trunk function. Similar classifications are T51, T52, and T54.   People in this class have a functional upper limbs, but limited trunk usage and limited lower limb functionality.  During classification, they both undergo a bench test of muscle strength and demonstrate their skills in athletics.  People in this class include  Tanni Grey-Thompson (GBR), Samantha Kinghorn (GBR), Angie Ballard (AUS) and Richard Colman (AUS).
Sam Acho
Samuel Onyedikachi Acho Listenⓘ (born September 6, 1988) is an American sports analyst and former professional football player who is a football analyst on ESPN. He played as a linebacker for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL), and was vice president of the NFL Players Association. Acho played college football for the Texas Longhorns, started at linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals and on special teams for the Chicago Bears, and has won multiple awards related to leadership and scholarship.

Texas Longhorns football
The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

With over 950 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .704, the Longhorns rank 5th and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the program claims 4 national championships, 34 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (63 consensus and 27 unanimous), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
Zwanzig ab
Zwanzig ab, 20 ab or simply Zwanzig is card game for four players. It is a member of the Rams family in which the key feature is that players may choose to drop out of the game if they believe their hand is not strong enough to take a minimum number of tricks. It appears to be a recent, internet-propagated variant of Schnalzen or Bohemian Watten. However, the latter has a natural card ranking, is played with double German cards and a Weli, has no exchanging and has a different scoring system. It is suitable for children from 8 upwards. It may be related from Fünf dazu! which is a simpler game described by Gööck in 1967 that has neither trumps nor the option to drop out.

Weli
The Weli, formerly Welli, is a playing card used in the Salzburg and  William Tell card decks, which are Austrian regional patterns of the German-suited playing cards. It has the value of 6 of Bells and, in the South Tyrol variant of the card game, Watten, it is the only 6 used and can, in addition to its own suit of Bells, join the trump suits of Acorns, Hearts and Leaves. In all other variants of Watten, the 7 of Bells is the Weli.
Šuwardata
Šuwardata (Shuwardata, Šuardatu) is understood by most scholars to be the king of the Canaanite city of Gath (Tell es-Safi), although some have suggested that he was the 'mayor' of Qiltu (Keilah?, or Qi'iltu), during the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Šuwardata was the author of 8 letters to the Egyptian pharaoh.

Amarna
Amarna (/əˈmɑːrnə/; Arabic: العمارنة, romanized: al-ʿAmārna) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC.

The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about 58 km (36 mi) south of the city of al-Minya, 312 km (194 mi) south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and 402 km (250 mi) north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south.

Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman era.
Gastonia Municipal Airport
Gastonia Municipal Airport (ICAO: KAKH, FAA LID: AKH) is a city-owned, public-use airport located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) south of the central business district of Gastonia, a city in Gaston County, North Carolina, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

This airport is assigned a three-letter location identifier of AKH by the Federal Aviation Administration, but it does not have an International Air Transport Association (IATA) airport code (the IATA assigned AKH to Prince Sultan Air Base in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia).

Al-Kharj
Kharj (Arabic: الخرج) is a governorate in central Saudi Arabia. It is one of the important governorates in Saudi Arabia. Located southeast of the capital, Riyadh, it covers an area of 7640 mi2 (19,790 km2) and has a population of 376,325 people, according to the statistics of the General Authority for Statistics for 2010. The city of Al-Saih (Arabic: السيح) is the capital of modern Kharj and its administrative and economic center.
Good News from Africa
Good News from Africa is an album of duets by pianist Abdullah Ibrahim, then known as Dollar Brand, and double bassist Johnny Dyani. It was recorded on December 10, 1973, at Tonstudio Bauer in Ludwigsburg, Germany, and was released in 1974 by the Swiss Cameo label and the German Enja label. The album features a blend of traditional African pieces and originals by Ibrahim.

Enja Records
Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971.

The label's first release was by Mal Waldron, and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach, Terumasa Hino, Albert Mangelsdorff and Yōsuke Yamashita, along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp, Cecil Taylor, Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead musicians such as Tommy Flanagan, McCoy Tyner, Chet Baker, Freddie Hubbard, Elvin Jones, and Kenny Barron. The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Mahmoud Turkmani, Gypsy bands, Indonesia's Monica Akihary, and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol.
Brabham BT18
The Brabham BT18 was an open-wheel formula racing car, designed, developed, and built by British constructor Brabham, for both Formula 2 and Formula 3 racing categories. Powered by a Honda engine, it won 11 out of 12 races in 1966.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Orange-tailed coralfish
The orange-tailed coralfish (Coradion calendula), is a species of butterflyfish native to the coast of Australia. It was described based on 44 individuals collected in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and north Queensland and closely resembles the orange-banded coralfish, but with an orange tail.

Coradion chrysozonus
Coradion chrysozonus, the orangebanded coralfish or goldengirdled coralfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish from the family Chaetodontidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific with a distribution consisting of colonies scattered along the coast of Queensland, the Frankland Group off north Queensland west to Western Australia, New Guinea; Indonesia and the Philippines. It is rare along the Chinese coast and had recently been recorded from Tonga.

It is normally encountered as solitary individuals or in pairs which inhabit a range of coastal to outer reefs habitats and which have rich growths of invertebrates. This species may prefer reefs in deeper cooler water. It is an omnivorous species which feeds mainly on sponges but also on small invertebrates which it grazes off the surface of the sponges.
Kondakov Seminar
The Kondakov Seminar was an academic organisation founded by Russian exiles on 22 April 1925 in Prague, named after Nikodim Kondakov shortly following his death.

The first directors were Alexander Kalitinsky and George Vernadsky – until he left for Yale University in 1927. They received funding from Charles Crane for the initial book celebrating the work of Kondakov.

Nikodim Kondakov
Nikodim (or Nikodeme) Pavlovich Kondakov (Russian: Никоди́м Па́влович Кондако́в; 1 (13) November 1844 – 17 February 1925) was an art historian with special expertise in the history of Russian and Serbian Christian icons. He is remembered as a pioneer among art historians who studied the treasures of Mount Athos like Frenchman Gabriel Millet.
Amestris (daughter of Artaxerxes II)
Amestris (Greek: Άμηστρις, Amēstris, perhaps the same as Άμαστρις, Amāstris, from Old Persian Amāstrī-, "strong woman"); 4th-century BC) was an Achaemenid queen, consort of the Persian king Artaxerxes II.

She was the daughter of Artaxerxes II.
Her father bethrothed her to Tiribazus. However, he broke the engagement and married his daughter himself.

Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit, and all three languages are highly inflected.

Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran,  Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 522 BCE).

In 2007, research into the vast Persepolis Administrative Archives at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Kovalam Assembly constituency
Kovalam is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is M. Vincent of INC.

Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency
Thiruvananthapuram Parliamentary (Lok Sabha) Constituency is one of the 20 parliamentary constituencies in Kerala, India. It is located in Thiruvananthapuram district and encompasses the major part of Thiruvananthapuram city, the capital of Kerala State.

The incumbent MP of this constituency, Shashi Tharoor of the Indian National Congress, has been elected on 4 consecutive occasions: 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2024. He is  the longest serving Member of Parliament to have represented the constituency.
Relay Gold
Relay Gold is a terminal emulator software program that supports modem transmission and mainframe file transfer. It was developed by Microcom, and marketed by Relay Technology until its acquisition in the late 1990s by NetManage.

Relay Gold supports asynchronous serial communication, TYMNET and TELENET networks, satellite connections, and IBM 3270 emulation boards.  It uses a data compression algorithm licensed from Adaptive Computer Technologies to provide file transfer speeds up to four times the effective speed of the modem with which it is used. The software allows for up to 15 simultaneous communications sessions on a PC, which can run in the background. Scripting language allows for automation of log in, data collection, and file transfer. The software can write these scripts automatically through keylogging.

Keystroke logging
Keystroke logging, often referred to as keylogging or keyboard capturing, is the action of recording (logging) the keys pressed on a keyboard, typically covertly, so that a person using the keyboard is unaware that their actions are being monitored. Data can then be retrieved by the person operating the logging program. A keystroke recorder or keylogger can be either software or hardware.

While the programs themselves are legal, with many designed to allow employers to oversee the use of their computers, keyloggers are most often used for stealing passwords and other confidential information. Keystroke logging can also be utilized to monitor activities of children in schools or at home and by law enforcement officials to investigate malicious usage.

Keylogging can also be used to study keystroke dynamics or human-computer interaction. Numerous keylogging methods exist, ranging from hardware and software-based approaches to acoustic cryptanalysis.
Honoré Brunelle Tourigny
Honoré Brunelle Tourigny (September 23, 1857 – September 25, 1918) was a surveyor, engineer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Nicolet in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1888 to 1890 as a Conservative.

He was born in Gentilly, Canada East, the son of Honoré Tourigny and Célina Brunelle, and was educated at the Collège de Nicolet, where he received a degree in civil engineering and surveying. Tourigny was surveyor for the town of Trois-Rivières and chief engineer for the St. Lawrence, Lower Laurentian and Saguenay Railway. In 1881, he married Lumina Legendre. He was elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1888 by-election held after the election of Louis-Trefflé Dorais was overturned by the courts and was defeated by Joseph-Victor Monfette when he ran for reelection in 1890. He died in Trois-Rivières at the age of 61.

Gentilly, Quebec
Gentilly (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃tiji] ⓘ), known as Saint-Édouard-de-Gentilly until 1900, is a village now part of Bécancour, Quebec, Canada. It is one of the major population centres within Bécancour's extensive territory, with 1,673 inhabitants counted in Gentilly at the 2016 population census.

The village is home to a traditionally French-speaking population and hosts the famous yearly Potirothon. While Gentilly is a small town, it has all the essential services and a warm/welcoming community. The Parc Regional de la Rivière Gentilly is close to town and offers hiking, camping, mountain biking and kayaking. It is also in proximity to the Parc Industriel de Bécancour where most industries are involved in manufacturing. Among these is the Gentilly Nuclear Generating Station, decommissioned in 2012.

46°24′00″N 72°16′28″W﻿ / ﻿46.40000°N 72.27444°W﻿ / 46.40000; -72.27444