hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manslaughter (United States law)
Manslaughter is a crime in the United States. Definitions can vary among jurisdictions, but manslaughter is invariably the act of causing the death of another person in a manner less culpable than murder. Three types of unlawful killings constitute manslaughter. First, there is voluntary manslaughter which is an intentional homicide committed in "sudden heat of passion" as the result of adequate provocation. Second, there is the form of involuntary manslaughter which is an unintentional homicide that was committed in a criminally negligent manner. Finally, there is the form of involuntary manslaughter which is an unintentional homicide that occurred during the commission or attempted commission of an unlawful act which does not amount to a felony (thereby triggering the felony-murder rule).

Culpability
In criminal law, culpability, or being culpable, is a measure of the degree to which an agent, such as a person, can be held morally or legally responsible for action and inaction. It has been noted that the word culpability "ordinarily has normative force, for in nonlegal English, a person is culpable only if he is justly to blame for his conduct". The guilt principle requires that in order to convict a person it is necessary to ascertain his voluntary or reckless behaviour, Strict Liability being prohibited.
Welzel
Welzel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandra Kertz-Welzel (born 1970), German Professor and Chair of Music Education at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

Christian Welzel (born 1964), German political scientist

Heinz Welzel (1911–2002), German stage, television and film actor

Martin Welzel (born 1972), German organist, musicologist, and pedagogue

Christian Welzel
Christian Welzel (born 1964) is a German political scientist at the Leuphana University Lueneburg and director of research at the World Values Survey Association. He is known for the model of cultural dimensions which measures emancipative values and secular values.
Michel Pires
Michel Celestino Pires Chaves (born 25 June 1989) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Alagoinhas Atlético Clube as a midfielder.

He played with Los Cabos of the Liga de Balompié Mexicano during the league's inaugural season in 2020–21.

Alagoinhas Atlético Clube
Alagoinhas Atlético Clube, commonly referred to as Atlético de Alagoinhas, is a Brazilian football club based in Alagoinhas, Bahia. The club plays in Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Baiano, the top level of the Bahia state football league. They won this league in 2022.

They competed in the 1972 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, in the 2004 Série C and in the 2009 Série D.
Young Americans (1967 film)
Young Americans is a 1967 American documentary directed by Alexander Grasshoff. It follows the Young Americans choir as they travel and perform across the United States. The film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1969, but the award was later revoked because the film had been released in 1967, making it ineligible. It remains the only documentary to have had its Oscar rescinded (the award was given to runner-up Journey into Self). Actress and singer Vicki Lawrence, later known for The Carol Burnett Show, appears in several musical numbers.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films. In 1941, the first awards for feature-length documentaries were bestowed as Special Awards to Kukan and Target for Tonight. They have since been bestowed competitively each year, with the exception of 1946. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive.
Young Communist League of Denmark (1999)
The Danish Communist Youth League (Danish: Danmarks Kommunistisk Ungdomsforbund or DKU) is a Danish political organization for young communist activists. Founded in 1999, the DKU is the youth branch of the Arbejderpartiet Kommunisterne (Workers' Communist Party of Denmark). Headquarters are located in Amager, with branch offices in Aarhus, Randers and Odense. As other citizen's associations, DKU receives financial funding from the Copenhagen Municipality.

Amager
Amager (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑˌmɑˀ] or, especially among older speakers, [ˈɑˌmɛˀɐ]), located in the Øresund, is Denmark's most densely populated island, with 225,746 inhabitants (January 2025). Amager is the largest island in the Øresund, and the only one with a large population.

Amager is home to parts of Copenhagen including Freetown Christiania, as well as Copenhagen Airport. The island is connected to the much larger island of Zealand (Sjælland) by eight bridges and a metro tunnel, and to Sweden via the Øresund Bridge.
Peckoltia braueri
Peckoltia braueri is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Rio Negro and the Branco River. It is typically found among large boulders in fast-moving riffles. The species reaches 10.3 cm (4.1 inches) SL.

P. braueri appears in the aquarium trade, where it is referred to either as the worm-line peckoltia or by one of three associated L-numbers, which are L-121, L-135, and L-305.

L-number
The L-number system is a semi-scientific classification system of catfish based on photographs of shipments of tropical catfish of the family Loricariidae published by the German aquarium magazine DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (The Aquarium and Terrarium Magazine)). The first L-number was published in 1988.

An L-number is not a formal scientific designation, but it allows people to identify various loricariid catfish by a "common name" before the fish is officially described. When a loricariid receives an official scientific name, the L-number (or numbers) is retired; best practice is then to use the scientific name.

A specific L-number classification does not guarantee a discrete species, multiple L numbers have been given to different populations of the same species. To add to the confusion, sometimes a single L-number may be used for multiple species.

Additionally the aquarium magazine 'Das Aquarium' introduced a similar system using the prefix 'LDA'.
Clara Khoury
Clara Khoury (Arabic: كلارا خوري, born 29 December 1976) is an American actress of Palestinian origin. She works in film, television and theater. She grew up in Haifa, and now lives in California, United States.

The Glass Menagerie
The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame. The play has strong autobiographical elements, featuring characters based on its author, his histrionic mother, and his mentally fragile sister. In writing the play, Williams drew on an earlier short story, as well as a screenplay he had written under the title of The Gentleman Caller.

The play premiered in Chicago on 26 December 1944. After a shaky start, it was championed by Chicago critics Ashton Stevens and Claudia Cassidy, whose enthusiasm helped build audiences so the producers could move the play to Broadway where it won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1945. The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights.
Winners & Losers season 1
The first season of the drama television series Winners & Losers originally aired between 22 March and 23 August 2011 on the Seven Network in Australia. The season consisted of 22 episodes and aired on Tuesdays at 8:30 pm, replacing Packed to the Rafters.

Winners & Losers
Winners & Losers is an Australian television drama series first broadcast on the Seven Network on 22 March 2011. It was created by the producers of Packed to the Rafters and is aired in the show's former time slot. Winners & Losers focuses on the lives of four women living in Melbourne, after they win a large amount of money in the Oz Lotto. Seven renewed Winners & Losers for a second season in July 2011 and it began airing from 26 June 2012. Two months later, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third season. A fourth season was confirmed on 19 December 2013. A fifth season was confirmed on 3 December 2014.

Angus Ross, the Director of Programming at the Seven Network, confirmed in an interview with Australian television blog TV Tonight that the fifth season of Winners & Losers would be the final season. The season premiered on 5 July 2016 and concluded on 12 September 2016.
Nadirshah
Nadirshah is an Indian actor, film director, music composer, playback singer, lyricist, mimicry artist, comedian, and television host, who works in Malayalam films, television and on-stage. He has also done several supporting roles in Malayalam cinema. His areas of contribution in music include playback singing, lyrics and composing. He made his directional debut with the Malayalam film Amar Akbar Anthony (2015). His second directorial was Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan (2016).

Shajahanum Pareekuttiyum
Shajahanum Pareekuttiyum (transl. Shajahan and Pareekutty) is a 2016 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film directed by Boban Samuel. The film stars Kunchacko Boban, Jayasurya, and Amala Paul in the lead roles. Nikki Galrani made a cameo appearance. Principal photography began on 4 April 2016, and the film was released on 6 July 2016 on the occasion of Eid.
Canton of Fère-en-Tardenois
The canton of Fère-en-Tardenois is an administrative division in northern France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 23 to 84 communes (11 of which merged into the new communes Les Septvallons, Bazoches-et-Saint-Thibaut and Pargny-et-Filain):

Les Septvallons
Les Septvallons (French pronunciation: [le sɛtvalɔ̃]) is a commune in the Aisne department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Glennes, Longueval-Barbonval, Merval, Perles, Révillon, Vauxcéré and Villers-en-Prayères.
Lockdown
A lockdown (/ˈlɒkˌdaʊn/ ⓘ) is a restriction policy for people, community or a country to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks that could possibly harm the people if they move and interact freely.

The term is used for a prison protocol that usually prevents people, information or objects from leaving an area. The protocol can usually only be initiated by someone in a position of authority.

A lockdown can also be used to protect people inside a facility or, for example, a computing system, from a threat or other external event. In buildings doors leading outside are usually locked so that no person may enter or exit.

Authority
Authority is commonly understood as the legitimate power of a person or group over other people.
In a civil state, authority may be practiced by legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, each of which has authority and is an authority.
The term "authority" has multiple nuances and distinctions within various academic fields ranging from sociology to political science.

The term authority identifies the political legitimacy, which grants and justifies rulers' right to exercise the power of government; and the term power identifies the ability to accomplish an authorized goal, either by compliance or by obedience; hence, authority is the power to make decisions and the legitimacy to make such legal decisions and order their execution.
Cabinet of the Hawaiian Kingdom
The Cabinet of the Hawaiian Kingdom (Hawaiian: ʻAha Kuhina o ke Aupuni) was a body of the top executive officials appointed to advise the sovereign of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1845 to 1893. The subsequent regimes of the Provisional Government and the Republic of Hawaii retained the structure of the cabinet (calling it an executive council) and minister positions under the presidency of Sanford B. Dole from 1893 until 1898.

Sanford B. Dole
Sanford Ballard Dole (April 23, 1844 – June 9, 1926) was a Hawaii-born lawyer and jurist. He lived through the periods when Hawaii was a kingdom, provisional government, republic, and territory. Dole advocated the westernization of Hawaiian government and culture. After the overthrow of the monarchy, he served as the President of the Republic of Hawaii, until his government secured Hawaii's annexation by the United States. He then became the Territory of Hawaii's first Governor and the second Judge of the Hawaiian District Court.
Carl de Vogt
Carl de Vogt (14 September 1885 – 16 February 1970) was a German film actor who starred in four of Fritz Lang's early films. He attended the acting school in Cologne, Germany. Together with acting he was also active as a singer and recorded several discs. His greatest hit was "Der Fremdenlegionär". An extremely successful actor in his early career, he died in relative obscurity in 1970.

In 1919 and 1920, de Vogt starred in director Fritz Lang's two-part Spiders films opposite actresses Lil Dagover and Ressel Orla. In 1932, in the early sound era, he played the Prussian hero Major Schill in the big-budget historical film The Eleven Schill Officers.

De Vogt was married to the German film actress Cläre Lotto, and the couple had a son Karl Franz de Vogt (born 14 May 1917). He was a member of the NSDAP and the Sturmabteilung.

The Spiders (film)
The Spiders (German: Die Spinnen) is a silent two-part German adventure film written and directed by Fritz Lang. It was released in two parts in 1919 and 1920. Two more parts were originally planned but never made. It was believed to be a lost film, but it has been rediscovered and restored.
Hatanaka
Hatanaka (written: 畑中 or 畠中) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akiko Hatanaka (畠中 亜希子; born 1975), Japanese ice hockey player

Bill Hatanaka (born 1954), Canadian football player

Gregory Hatanaka, American film director

Jun Hatanaka (畑中 純; 1950–2012), Japanese manga artist

Kazu Hatanaka (畑中 和), Japanese wheelchair racer

Kenji Hatanaka (畑中 健二; 1923–1945), Japanese military officer

Kiyoshi Hatanaka (畑中 清詞; born 1967), Japanese boxer

Masato Hatanaka (畑中 正人; born 1975), Japanese musician

Miyuki Hatanaka (畑中 みゆき; born 1975), Japanese freestyle skier

Shinnosuke Hatanaka (畠中 槙之輔; born 1995), Japanese footballer

Takeo Hatanaka (畑中 武夫; 1914–1963), Japanese astronomer

Tasuku Hatanaka (畠中 祐; born 1994), Japanese actor and voice actor

Yusuke Hatanaka (畑中 勇介; born 1985), Japanese cyclist

Takeo Hatanaka
Takeo Hatanaka (畑中 武夫, Hatanaka Takeo; 1 January 1914 – 10 November 1963) was a Japanese radio astronomer.  He founded the Nobeyama Radio Observatory.

The crater Hatanaka on the Moon is named after him.
Legion of Terror
Legion of Terror is a 1936 American drama/action film, directed by Charles C. Coleman. The film, which stars Bruce Cabot, Marguerite Churchill, Ward Bond, and Crawford Weaver, is a fictionalized story about the real-life Ku Klux Klan splinter group called the Black Legion of the 1930s. It was inspired by the May 1935 murder in Michigan of Charles Poole, a Works Progress Administration worker.

The film preceded and also inspired the making of the critically acclaimed 1937 Warner Bros. feature film Black Legion, which co-starred Humphrey Bogart, Dick Foran, Erin O'Brien-Moore and Ann Sheridan and which was based on the same case.

Ann Sheridan
Clara Lou "Ann" Sheridan (February 21, 1915 – January 21, 1967) was an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles in the films San Quentin (1937), Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), They Drive by Night (1940), City for Conquest (1940), The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942), Kings Row (1942), Nora Prentiss (1947), and I Was a Male War Bride (1949).
Kolonna Electoral District
Kolonna electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Kolonna in Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kolonna electoral district was replaced by the Ratnapura multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

Elections in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. Sri Lanka has a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. All elections are administered by the Election Commission of Sri Lanka.
Middle Grove, Oregon
Middle Grove is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The community is within the Hayesville CDP and the Salem urban growth boundary, on Silverton Road just east of Salem.

Oregon Route 213
Oregon Route 213 (OR 213) is an Oregon state highway that serves the eastern Willamette Valley between Portland and Salem. It is a north–south route. The route (except for its southernmost segment) is known as the Cascade Highway, though specific segments are generally better known by more localized names.
Nigel Waugh
Nigel Waugh (born 13 October 1975) is an Australian former rugby league and rugby union player.

A Coogee-Wombats junior, Waugh was an occasional first-grade winger for South Sydney from 1995 to 1997, before switching in 1999 to rugby union, a sport he had never previously played.

Waugh played his rugby union for Randwick as a three-quarter. He got signed by the New South Wales Waratahs in 2000 and was part of their side for that year's Ricoh National Championship.

Australian Provincial Championship
The Australian Provincial Championship, or APC was a rugby union competition played in Australia in 2006. It was the successor to the Ricoh National Championship which had ended in the year 2000, and the Wallaby Trophy which began in the late 1960s.

The Australian Provincial Championship was played as a single round-robin, with the top two teams playing off in a final for the title. Teams in the APC were the ACT Brumbies, New South Wales Waratahs, Queensland Reds, and Western Force. The APC ran for just one season in 2006 before the competition was replaced by the Australian Rugby Championship for the 2007 season.
Royal Commission into the Hospital for Insane, Kew (1924)
The Royal Commission into the Hospital for Insane, Kew was a royal commission held in Victoria in November 1924. Alfred Aldridge Kelley was appointed as the sole commissioner on 22 October 1924 by the Prendergast Labor government. Despite the title, the commission was charged to inquire into certain allegations made by nurses and attendants of cruelty and maladministration against Reginald Spencer Ellery, the junior medical officer at Kew Cottages, and was unrelated to the Kew Asylum (then called the Kew Hospital for the Insane).

Kew Cottages
Kew Cottages also known as Kew Children's Cottages and finally as Kew Residential Services is a decommissioned special development school and residential service located in Kew, an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Fructosamine
Fructosamines are compounds that result from glycation reactions between glucose and a primary amine, followed by isomerization via the Amadori rearrangement. Biologically, fructosamines are recognized by fructosamine-3-kinase, which may trigger the degradation of advanced glycation end-products (though the true clinical significance of this pathway is unclear). Fructosamine can also refer to the specific compound 1-amino-1-deoxy-D-fructose (isoglucosamine), first synthesized by Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Fischer in 1886.

Most commonly, fructosamine refers to a laboratory test for diabetes management that is rarely used in human clinical practice (simple blood glucose monitoring or hemoglobin A1c testing are preferred). In small animal veterinary practice however it is part of the diabetic cat or dog diagnosis and monitoring giving an indication of blood glucose levels over the previous week. Many direct-to-consumer lab testing companies sell fructosamine tests.

Amadori rearrangement
The Amadori rearrangement is an organic reaction describing the acid or base catalyzed isomerization or rearrangement reaction of the N-glycoside of an aldose or the glycosylamine to the corresponding 1-amino-1-deoxy-ketose.  The reaction is important in carbohydrate chemistry, specifically the glycation of hemoglobin (as measured by the HbA1c test).

The rearrangement is usually preceded by formation of a α-hydroxyimine by condensation of an amine with an aldose sugar. The rearrangement itself entails intramolecular redox reaction, converting this α-hydroxyimine to an α-ketoamine:

The formation of imines is generally reversible, but subsequent to conversion to the keto-amine, the attached amine is fixed irreversibly. This Amadori product is an intermediate in the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGE)s. The formation of an advanced glycation end-product involves the oxidation of the Amadori product.
Pfeiffer-Redwood Creek
Pfeiffer-Redwood Creek is a stream in Big Sur, California, about 26 miles from Carmel. It is a tributary to the Big Sur River. The creek feeds the 40-foot (12.2m) Pfeiffer Falls, inside of Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park. It is named for John Pfeiffer, a homesteader who had 160 acres (0.65 km2) of land in the Big Sur River area.

Homestead (building)
A homestead is an isolated dwelling, especially a farmhouse, and adjacent outbuildings, typically on a large agricultural holding such as a ranch or station.

In North America the word "homestead" historically referred to land claimed by a settler or squatter under the Homestead Acts (United States) or the Dominion Lands Act (Canada). In Old English, the term was used to mean a human settlement, and in Southern Africa the term is used for a cluster of several houses normally occupied by a single extended family.

In Australia, it refers to the owner's house and the associated outbuildings of a pastoral property, known as a station. Some large and historic homesteads, especially those that resemble a mansion with large tracts of farmland, are often called "estates", and can be analogous to the English country house, châteaux, or a schloss, but are much younger and modest compared to their European counterparts. Examples include Booloominbah and Iandra Castle.
Andy Powell
Andrew Powell (born 19 February 1950) is an English guitarist, singer and songwriter. He is a founding member of the British band Wishbone Ash, whose use of twin lead guitars was influential. He was voted in the top 100 greatest guitarists by Rolling Stone magazine. Powell's trademark guitar is a 1967 Gibson Flying V.

Turn of the Cards
Turn of the Cards is the fifth studio album by the English progressive rock band Renaissance, released in July 1974. It was the last Renaissance studio album to include excerpts from existing classical pieces. It was also the first album recorded by the group after Michael Dunford, who had written songs for their previous three albums, joined the group as an acoustic guitarist.

In the UK, this was the first release on Miles Copeland's fledgling label, BTM Records (British Talent Managers). In 1977, after releasing a total of 10 albums, including two more by Renaissance (Scheherazade and Other Stories and the double LP Live at Carnegie Hall), the label folded due to bankruptcy.