hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rifaximin
Rifaximin is a non-absorbable, broad-spectrum antibiotic mainly used to treat travelers' diarrhea. It is based on the rifamycin antibiotics family. Since its approval in Italy in 1987, it has been licensed in more than 30 countries for the treatment of a variety of non-infectious gastrointestinal diseases like irritable bowel syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy. It acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the RNA polymerase enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops transcription. It was developed by Salix Pharmaceuticals.

Broad-spectrum antibiotic
A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. These medications are used when a bacterial infection is suspected but the group of bacteria is unknown (also called empiric therapy) or when infection with multiple groups of bacteria is suspected. This is in contrast to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, which is effective against only a specific group of bacteria. Although powerful, broad-spectrum antibiotics pose specific risks, particularly the disruption of native, normal bacteria and the development of antimicrobial resistance. An example of a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic is ampicillin.
2013–14 Turkish Basketball League
The 2013–14 Turkish Basketball League, officially named the Beko Basketball League for sponsorship reasons, was the 48th season of the top professional basketball league in Turkey.

Fenerbahçe Ülker took the title, winning their 6th title. Galatasaray Liv Hospital were runners-up.

Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball)
Galatasaray S.K. is a professional basketball team based in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It is a part of the Galatasaray Sports Club. The team competes in the Turkish Basketball Super League and Basketball Champions League. The team has won 18 Turkish championships (5 titles in the Turkish Super League, 11 titles in the former Turkish Basketball Championship and 2 titles in the former Spring Cup). The team furthermore won 3 Turkish Cups, 2 Turkish Super Cups, and 1 EuroCup.
Maltose phosphorylase
In enzymology, a maltose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

maltose + phosphate  D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are maltose and phosphate, whereas its two products are D-glucose and beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is maltose:phosphate 1-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism.

Hexosyltransferase
Hexosyltransferases are a type of glycosyltransferase that catalyze the transfer of a hexose.

Examples include:

glucosyltransferases - transfer glucose

galactosyltransferases - transfer galactose

fucosyltransferases - transfer fucose

glucuronosyltransferase - transfer glucuronic acid

fructosyltransferase - transfer fructose

They are classified under EC number 2.4.1.
SK Polaban Nymburk
SK Polaban Nymburk is a football club located in the town of Nymburk in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. The club currently plays in the Středočeský kraj I.A třída skupina B.

The club played in the Czechoslovak First League, the top flight of Czechoslovak football, in the 1945–46 season. The club also played top-flight football in the early 1940s.

Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region (Czech: Středočeský kraj [ˈstr̝̊ɛdotʃɛskiː ˈkraj]; German: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).
Brodniki
Brodniki [brɔdˈniki] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Gryfice, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Gryfice and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gryfice County
Gryfice County (Polish: powiat gryficki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Gryfice, which lies 69 kilometres (43 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Trzebiatów, lying 17 km (11 mi) north of Gryfice, and Płoty, 13 km (8 mi) south of Gryfice.

The county covers an area of 1,018.19 square kilometres (393.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 60,773, out of which the population of Gryfice is 16,702, that of Trzebiatów is 10,113, that of Płoty is 4,142, and the rural population is 29,816.
United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia
The United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia (in case citations, S.D. W. Va.) is a federal court in the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The District was established on June 22, 1901.

As of October 20, 2025, the United States attorney for the District is Moore Capito.

Bluefield, West Virginia
Bluefield is a city in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. Its population was 9,658 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Bluefield micropolitan area extending into Virginia, which had a population of 106,363 in 2020. The city is home to Bluefield State University, a public, historically black university serving nearly 1,300 students.
Liga ASOBAL 1993–94
Liga ASOBAL 1993–94 season was the fourth since its establishment. The league was played in a two phases. In the first phase, a total of 16 teams were separate in two groups of eight teams. The first four of every groups passed to the second phase for the title. The last four passed to the second phase for the permanence in Liga ASOBAL.

Liga ASOBAL
Liga Asobal is the premier professional handball league in Spain. It was founded in 1958 with the name of División de Honor, changing its name to the current name in 1990.
The Liga ASOBAL, which is played under EHF rules, currently consists of 16 teams, including famous ones like FC Barcelona, Ademar León, Bidasoa and Granollers.

Famous handball players who have played in the league include Jackson Richardson, Talant Dujshebaev, Staffan Olsson, Mikhail Yakimovich, Ólafur Stefánsson, Oleg Kisselev, Alberto Urdiales, Mateo Garralda, Enric Masip, Iñaki Urdangarin, David Barrufet, Kristian Kjelling, Mikkel Hansen, Petar Metličić, Ivano Balić, Juanín García, Mats Olsson, David Davis, László Nagy, Raúl Entrerríos, Alberto Entrerríos, and many others.
Bergamaschi
Bergamaschi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arianna Bergamaschi (born 1975), Italian singer, songwriter, stage actress and television presenter

Emiliano Bergamaschi (born 1976), Argentine rugby union coach and former player

Franco Bergamaschi (born 1951), Italian footballer

Mario Bergamaschi (1929–2020), Italian footballer

Roberto Bergamaschi (born 1960), Italian footballer

Roberto Bergamaschi, Professor and colorectal surgery specialist

Valentina Bergamaschi (born 1997), Italian footballer

Vasco Bergamaschi (1909–1979), Italian cyclist

Roberto Bergamaschi (professor)
Dr. Roberto Bergamaschi is a colorectal surgery specialist, Chief of Colorectal Surgery Department at Westchester Medical Center, previously Professor of  Division of Colorectal Surgery at State University of New York in Stony Brook, NY
Cheap Seats (song)
"Cheap Seats" is a song written by Sarah Buxton, Jesse Frasure, and Tina Parol, and recorded by Canadian country rock singer Dallas Smith for his second studio album, Lifted (2014). It was first released November 24, 2014 as the iTunes Canada free single of the week. "Cheap Seats" was serviced to Canadian country radio June 1, 2015 via 604 Records and Universal Music Canada as the album's third official single, or sixth including those supporting Tippin' Point (2014).

Tippin' Point (EP)
Tippin' Point is an extended play by Canadian rock and country artist Dallas Smith. It was released in the United States on March 4, 2014 via Big Loud Mountain Records and Republic Nashville under the production of Joey Moi.

Tippin' Point was also released in Canada via 604 Records and Universal Music Canada. The American version features "Nothing but Summer." in place of a live acoustic version of "Jumped Right In"
Giorgio Adorno
Giorgio Adorno was a statesman who became doge of the Republic of Genoa for two years. His father was Adornino Adorno and his mother Nicolosia della Rocca and his brother, Antoniotto, was elected four times as doge of the Republic. He was born c. 1350 but little is known about his youth except that he married Pietrina Montaldo, daughter of the doge Leonardo Montaldo. With her he had nine children, including the future doge Raffaele Adorno.

Doge (title)
A doge (/doʊdʒ/ DOHJ, Italian: [ˈdɔːdʒe]; plural dogi or doges; see below) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Such states were referred to as crowned republics. Doges wore a special hat, the Corno ducale and usually ruled life-long.

The office of the doge in English is termed a dogeship.
Helen Eastman
Helen Eastman (1863–1953) was a botanist and author specializing in pteridophytes who wrote a beginner-level book on plant identification which included some novel identifications, credited to Eastman.

Pteridophyte
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that reproduces by means of spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. They are also the ancestors of the plants we see today.

Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns (and horsetails) are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. "Pteridophyta" is thus no longer a widely accepted taxon, but the term pteridophyte remains in common parlance, as do pteridology and pteridologist as a science and its practitioner, for example by the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.
Eduard Kink
Eduard Kink (8 November 1895 in Vana-Kariste Parish (now Mulgi Parish), Kreis Pernau – 13 January 1942 in Solikamsk, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the III and IV Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party. He became a member of the Riigikogu on 1 July 1926 when he replaced Alma Ostra-Oinas.

3rd Riigikogu
The 3rd Riigikogu was the third legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1926 elections (held on 15–17 May 1926). It sat between 15 June 1926 and 14 June 1929, before the next round of elections were held.
Beaver Creek Fire
The Beaver Creek Fire was a forest fire that began on August 7, 2013 after a lightning strike in an area twelve miles northeast of Fairfield, Idaho and northwest of Hailey, Idaho in Sawtooth National Forest. The fire burned through pine trees, sagebrush, timber in the understory, grass, and various riparian areas. The fire coated the resort areas of Hailey, Ketchum, and Sun Valley, in a layer of thick soot and ash. By the time the fire was fully contained on August 31, 114,900 acres of the Ketchum Ranger District of Sawtooth National Forest has been burned. Of the 114,900 acres burned, 57,000 acres were moderately damaged and 9,500 acres were severely damaged.

Hailey, Idaho
Hailey is a city in and the county seat of Blaine County, in the Wood River Valley of the central part of the U.S. state of Idaho. The population was 9,161 at the 2020 census, up from 7,960 in 2010. Hailey is the site of Friedman Memorial Airport (SUN), the airport for the resort area of Sun Valley/Ketchum, 12 miles (19 km) north.  The town of Bellevue is a few miles south.  From 1882 to 1895, Hailey was the county seat of now-defunct Alturas County.

The city is named after John Hailey, a two-time Congressional delegate from the Idaho Territory.
Sapphic stanza in Polish poetry
The Sapphic stanza is the only stanzaic form adapted from Greek and Latin poetry to be used widely in Polish literature.  It was introduced during the Renaissance, and since has been used frequently by many prominent poets. The importance of the Sapphic stanza for Polish literature lies not only in its frequent use, but also in the fact that it formed the basis of many new strophes, built up of hendecasyllables (11-syllable lines) and pentasyllables (5-syllable lines).

Maria Konopnicka
Maria Konopnicka (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmarja kɔnɔpˈɲitska] ⓘ; née Wasiłowska; 23 May 1842 – 8 October 1910) was a Polish poet, novelist, children's writer, translator, journalist, critic and activist for women's rights and for Polish independence.  She used pseudonyms, including Jan Sawa. She was one of the most important poets of Poland's Positivist period.
Joseph ibn Tzaddik
Rabbi Joseph ben Jacob ibn Tzaddik (Hebrew: יוסף אבן צדיק; died 1149) was a Spanish rabbi, poet, and philosopher.  A Talmudist of high repute, he was appointed in 1138 dayyan at Cordova, which office he held conjointly with Maimon, father of Maimonides, until his death. Joseph was also a highly gifted poet, as is attested by Alharizi. Several of Joseph's religious poems are found in the Sephardic and African machzorim; and a poem addressed to Judah ha-Levi, on his visit to Cordova en route to Palestine, is included in the latter's diwan.

Brethren of Purity
The Brethren of Purity, also known as The Brethren of Sincerity, were a secret society active during the reign of the Buyid dynasty.

Presumably composed of Muslim philosophers centered in the Buyid port city of Basra, the structure of the organization and the identities of its members have never been clear. Their esoteric teachings and philosophy are expounded in an epistolary style in the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Rasā'il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā'), a giant compendium of 52 epistles that would greatly influence later encyclopedias. A good deal of Muslim and Western scholarship has been spent on just pinning down the identities of the Brethren and the century in which they were active.
Nama (department store)
Nama, or NAMA, is the acronym for Narodni magazin 'national store'. This was a chain of department stores in the former SFRY (Yugoslavia) and the first Slovenian department store. Nama owns three stores in Slovenia today:

At 1 Tomšič Street (Slovene: Tomšičeva ulica 1) in Ljubljana. The main facade fronts Slovenian Street (Slovene: Slovenska cesta), across from the Central Post Office.

G-Star Raw store in the BTC City (Citypark), Ljubljana

At 14 Capuchin Square (Kapucinski trg 14) in Škofja Loka (facing the main bus station).

In the past, stores also existed in Žalec, Kočevje, Slovenj Gradec, Ravne na Koroškem, Cerkno and Velenje.

Žalec
Žalec (pronounced [ˈʒàːləts] ⓘ; German: Sachsenfeld) is a town in central Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Žalec. It lies in the valley of the lower course of the Savinja River west of Celje. The primary economic activity of the region is growing hops, which is reflected by the city's coat-of-arms. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Big Salmon River (New Brunswick)
The Big Salmon River (French: Grande rivière Salmon) is a small river in southern New Brunswick, Canada, that flows south into the Bay of Fundy.  The river has its source to the southwest of Sussex, New Brunswick.  The river flows into the Bay of Fundy near Fundy-St. Martins, and serves as the endpoint of the Fundy Trail.

The 84m Big Salmon River Suspension Bridge crosses the river. It can be accessed by the Suspension Bridge Trail. This trail begins at the Fundy Trail Parkway parking area P8 near the Mitchell Franklin Bridge.

Fundy Trail Parkway
The Fundy Trail Parkway is a 30 kilometer-long scenic parkway in the Atlantic Canadian province of New Brunswick along the coast of the Bay of Fundy. The parkway provides access to a number of trails and over 20 lookout locations along the coast, including a 10 kilometer pedestrian and bicycle trail, and the Big Salmon River Suspension Bridge. The parkway is also located along five different beaches and four waterfalls. There is also an interpretive centre along the route which provides information about the area's history.
Do Palangu
Do Palangu (Persian: دوپلنگو, also Romanized as Do Palangū) is a village in Bord Khun Rural District, Bord Khun District, Deyr County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 55, in 13 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Sharshuny rural council
Sharshuny rural council (Belarusian: Шаршунскі сельсавет; Russian: Шершунский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Minsk district, Minsk region, Belarus.

The administrative center is the village of Rahava, for historical reasons. It is planned to move it to an agrotown, as with other rural councils that include agrotowns.

Minsk region
Minsk region, also known as Minsk oblast or Minsk voblasts, is one of the six regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. The region's population was recorded at 1,411,500 in 2011.
Canton of Seuil-d'Argonne
The canton of Seuil-d'Argonne (French: Canton de Seuil-d'Argonne) is a former French canton located in the department of Meuse in the Lorraine region (now part of Grand Est). This canton was organized around Seuil-d'Argonne in the arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc. It is now part of the canton of Dieue-sur-Meuse.

The last general councillor from this canton was Dominique Maréchal (UMP), elected in 2011.

Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc
The arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc is an arrondissement of France in the Meuse department in the Grand Est region. It has 110 communes. Its population is 57,514 (2021), and its area is 1,450.6 km2 (560.1 sq mi).
1998 WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1998 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 39th conference playoff in league history and 46th season where a WCHA champion was crowned. The tournament was played between March 13 and March 21, 1998. First round games were played at home team campus sites while all 'Final Five' matches were held at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. By winning the tournament, Wisconsin was awarded the Broadmoor Trophy and received the WCHA's automatic bid to the 1998 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Broadmoor Trophy
The Broadmoor Trophy is a trophy that was awarded to the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) playoff champion from 1985 until its discontinuation in 2018.  The trophy itself dates to 1981, when it was awarded to the WCHA regular season champion for three seasons, from 1981–82 to 1983–84.  During that time, the Broadmoor Trophy served as the replacement for the MacNaughton Cup, traditionally awarded to the WCHA regular season champion.  The trophy is named after The Broadmoor resort in Colorado Springs, Colorado, which has a long history of supporting college hockey.
Bruin Romkes Comingo
Bruin Romkes Comingo ("Mr. Brown") was the first Presbyterian minister ordained in Canada. He arrived in Halifax as a Foreign Protestants during Governor Edward Cornwallis' tenure. He was ordained by Rev. John Seccombe. He served at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church (Lunenburg), Nova Scotia. (His ordination was preceded by the irregular ordination of John Frost (minister) in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia.)

Yarmouth County
Yarmouth County is a rural county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It has both traditional Anglo-Scottish and Acadian French culture as well as significant inland wilderness areas, including over 365 lakes and several major rivers. It comprises three municipalities: the Town of Yarmouth, the Municipality of the District of Yarmouth, and the Municipality of the District of Argyle.
Azanide
Azanide is the IUPAC-sanctioned name for the anion NH−2. The term is obscure; derivatives of NH−2 are almost invariably referred to as amides, despite the fact that amide also refers to the organic functional group –C(=O)−NR2. The anion NH−2 is the conjugate base of ammonia, so it is formed by the self-ionization of ammonia. It is produced by deprotonation of ammonia, usually with strong bases or an alkali metal. Azanide has a H–N–H bond angle of 104.5°, nearly identical to the bond angle in the isoelectronic water molecule.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Ninth (Peter Murphy album)
Ninth is the ninth solo album, and eighth studio album, by English musician Peter Murphy. Produced by David Baron, the album was released on 7 June 2011 on Nettwerk Records. The first single from the album was "I Spit Roses" coupled with "The Prince & Old Lady Shade", which was released 22 March 2011. The second single, "Seasaw Sway", was also released in 2011.

Nettwerk Music Group
Nettwerk Music Group is an independent record label founded in 1984.

The Vancouver-based company was created by principals Terry McBride and Mark Jowett. Initially specializing in electronic music such as alternative dance and industrial, the label expanded its roster to include pop, rock and numerous singer-songwriters. Nettwerk has played an impactful role in many artists' careers, such as Coldplay, Sarah McLachlan, and Barenaked Ladies.

The label was named Billboard's "Indie Power Players" list in 2024 and 2025.