hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Mesa (mountain)
Cerro La Mesa or La Mesa or Cerro de la Mesa is a mountain in the Cordillera de la Ramada range of the Andes, in Argentina. It has a height of 6,180 metres (20,276 ft). La Mesa means table in Spanish. The name of the mountain comes its flat and long summit ridge (there are six summits, the 6200m being the highest). Despite the dry climate of the area, there are significant glaciers flowing down the southern and the eastern flank of the mountain. Its slopes are within the administrative boundaries of the Argentinean city of Calingasta, Province of San Juan.

San Juan Province, Argentina
San Juan Province (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan]) is a province of Argentina, located in the western part of the country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja, San Luis and Mendoza. It borders with Chile to the west.

The province has an area of 89,651 km2, covering a mountainous region with scarce vegetation, fertile oases and turbulent rivers. Throughout the province there are a number of paleontological sites.

Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil. Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range. This is the second province in terms of the volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines. It is also an important center of mining and oil production.
Findel Glacier
The Findel Glacier (German: Findelgletscher) is a valley glacier in the Monte Rosa massif east of Zermatt in the Pennine Alps. It has a length of 8 km (5.0 mi) and covers an area of 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi).

The starting point of the Findel Glacier is on the Cima di Jazzi at 3,803 m (12,477 ft) above sea level, on the border between Switzerland and Italy. From there the glacier flows to the west between the Rimpfischhorn and Strahlhorn on the north and the Stockhorn on the south. The end of glacier tongue is located at 2,500 m (8,200 ft) above sea level.

In October 2009, a group of Swiss scientists from the University of Zurich carried out an experiment to measure the length of the glacier, comparing their results with a previous experiment in 2005. Their results showed that the glacier had lost 49 million cubic metres of ice, and has lost a quarter of its surface area since 1850.

Cima di Jazzi
The Cima di Jazzi (English: Jazzi Peak) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the Swiss-Italian border, just north of Monte Rosa. It overlooks Macugnaga on its east (Italian) side. The west (Swiss) side is entirely covered by glaciers.

Cima di Jazzi is a snow cap, the peak of the Weissgrats located north of the Y-shaped mountain rock corset. Jazzi is a common name in the Valais Alps and actually means ''mountain pasture''.
Tong Dawei
Tong Dawei (simplified Chinese: 佟大为; traditional Chinese: 佟大為; pinyin: Tóng Dàwéi, born 3 February 1979) is a Chinese actor and singer. Tong is best known for starring in the television series Jade Goddess of Mercy (2003), Struggle (2007), and Tiger Mom (2015); as well as the films Lost in Beijing (2007), The Flowers of War (2011) and American Dreams in China (2013).

Tong ranked 97th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 84th in 2014, and 51st in 2015.

Forbes China Celebrity 100
The Forbes China Celebrity 100 is a list published annually by Forbes that ranks the influence of Chinese celebrities. First published in 2004, it is similar to the Celebrity 100 also published by Forbes. Factors that are taken into account include income, search engine hits, as well as exposure in newspapers, magazines, and television.

Prior to 2010, the list only included celebrities born in mainland China. In 2010, it started to include Chinese celebrities born in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other countries or regions. The list was suspended in 2016 and 2018. It published only a top 10 ranking in 2021 and has been discontinued since.
Bainan
Bainan is a village on the bank of river Damodar in the district of Howrah in the state of West Bengal in India. It has a panchayat. It falls under Amta constituency. It has two high schools, Bainan Bamandas High School and Bainan Girls High School. It has one market which opens daily. The local Police station is "Bagnan Thana".

Howrah
Howrah (/ˈhaʊrə/; Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, opposite to its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively Howrah lies within Howrah district and is the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Howrah is an important industrial and transportation hub, and is also a gateway to Kolkata via Howrah railway station and Howrah Bridge.
Ahsanullah Montu
Ahsanullah Montu (Bengali: আহসানউল্লাহ মন্টু; 7 February 1962 – 26 June 2018) was a Bangladeshi football player and coach. He represented the Bangladesh national team from 1986 to 1989, and spent most of his club career playing for Mohammedan SC.

Federation Cup (Bangladesh)
The Federation Cup, also known as the Bangladesh Federation Cup, is Bangladesh's premier cup competition in men's association football. The competition started in 1980 and is run by the Bangladesh Football Federation which is responsible for all types of competitive matches in the country. The teams from the country's premier league and other permitted clubs compete in the tournament while occasionally Indian sides were invited in the past. Usually games are played in the neutral venues.
Museu de l'Empordà
The Museum of the Empordà is an art museum in Figueres, Catalonia (Spain). Its history dates back to 1885, when the first collections arrived from the Prado Museum, bringing together a collection of artworks from the Catalan art scene (Sorolla, Casas, Nonell, Sacharoff and Tàpies) and the Empordà in particular (Dalí, Santos, Reig, Vallès, Planells, Massanet, Gabriel and Mitjà). The collection includes archaeological works, medieval art and Baroque paintings. Built in 1946, the building was opened in 1971. From 1998 onwards it has been managed by a consortium made up of Figueres Town Council, the Regional Council of Alt Empordà and the Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation. As of 2015 the consortium has been dissolved, and the museum is managed by the Department of Culture of Figueres Town Council.

Ramon Casas
Ramon Casas i Carbó (Catalan pronunciation: [rəˈmoŋ ˈkazəs]; 4 January 1866 – 29 February 1932) was a Catalan artist from Spain. Living through a turbulent time in the history of his native Barcelona, Catalonia, he was known as a portraitist, sketching and painting the intellectual, economic, and political elite of Barcelona, Paris, Madrid, and beyond. He was also known for his paintings of crowd scenes ranging from the audience at a bullfight to the assembly for an execution to rioters in the Barcelona streets (El garrot). Also a graphic designer, his posters and postcards helped to define the Catalan art movement known as modernisme.
Khes
Khes (Punjabi: Shahmukhi:کھیس, Gurmukhi:ਖੇਸ੍) (Punjabi pronunciation: [kʰeːsː]) is a thick cotton blanket cloth in the Indian subcontinent; it is a damask cloth used for blankets and winter wraps. Khes is generally hand-woven with coarse cotton yarns.  Khes as a garment is a simple clothing item to wear loosely to cover the upper body by men in Pakistan and northwest India. Khes is an important cloth in the Sindh and Punjab, regions which are famous for its production and historically has been known for not only the production of Khes but also many other coarse cotton textiles, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries. Khes is a comfort object used in bedding, and is also usable as a cover.

Woven fabric
Woven fabric is any textile formed by weaving. Woven fabrics, often created on a loom, are made of many threads woven in a warp and weft. Technically, a woven fabric is any fabric made by interlacing two or more threads at right angles to one another. Woven fabrics can be made of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both, such as cotton and polyester. Woven fabrics are used for clothing, garments, decorations, furniture, carpets and other uses.
Savage (band)
Savage are a British heavy metal band from Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, that formed in 1978. They were part of the new wave of British heavy metal.

The band is most remembered for the song titled "Let it Loose", a track which made significant impact on the early 1980s metal scene (indeed, it was later covered by Metallica on their Whiskey Audition Tape demo), and would later give rise to the name of their first album, Loose 'n Lethal, released in 1983.

Mansfield
Mansfield /ˈmænzfiːld/ is a market town and the administrative centre of the Mansfield District in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest town in the wider Mansfield Urban Area and the second largest settlement in Nottinghamshire (following the city of Nottingham). Henry III granted Mansfield the Royal Charter of a market town in 1227. The town lies in the Maun Valley, 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham. The district had a population of 110,500 at the 2021 census. Mansfield is the one local authority in Nottinghamshire with a publicly elected mayor, the Mayor of Mansfield. Mansfield in ancient times became the pre-eminent in importance amongst the towns of Sherwood Forest.
Teja (director)
Teja (born Jasti Dharma Teja; 22 February 1966) is an Indian director, cinematographer, screenwriter, and producer known for his work primarily in Telugu cinema. He is a recipient of a Nandi Award for Best Director and a Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu.

He began his career as a cinematographer with Ram Gopal Varma's bilingual film Raat (1992). He went on to work on over ten films in Hindi and Telugu, including Money (1993), Tere Mere Sapne (1996), Ghulam (1998), Sangharsh (1999), and Krodh (2000).

Teja transitioned to direction and initially gained recognition for making low-budget romantic dramas that became highly successful. He made his directorial debut with Chitram (2000), followed by Nuvvu Nenu (2001) and Jayam (2002), which earned him further acclaim.  His other notable films include Avunanna Kaadanna (2005) and Nene Raju Nene Mantri (2017).

Sangharsh (1999 film)
Sangharsh (transl. Struggle) is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language psychological horror thriller film directed by Tanuja Chandra. It stars Akshay Kumar, Preity Zinta, Ashutosh Rana and Alia Bhatt, who made a cameo appearance as a child artist in this film, playing the younger version of Zinta's character. The film was said to be based on the 1991 film The Silence of The Lambs, but Chandra rejected this, claiming the film was based on a similar lost police case in India. The film opened to positive reviews, with critical acclaim for the performances by Kumar and Zinta, as well as Rana's villainous turn.
Nada Kawar
Nada Mufid Kawar (born 23 November 1975) is a retired Jordanian athlete who specialised in the shot put. She represented her country at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics, as well as two World Championships, however, without qualifying for the final rounds. She holds multiple national records.

Kawar was an All-American thrower for the UCLA Bruins track and field team, finishing 3rd in the shot put at the 1996 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships and 1998 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

1996 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1996 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States after the 1995–96 season, the 32nd annual meet for men and 14th annual meet for women.

The championships were again held at the RCA Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana.

George Mason claimed the men's team title, the Patriots' first. This was the first men's championship since 1983 not won by Arkansas.

Three-time defending champions LSU again won the women's team title, the Lady Tigers' seventh.
Yalkut haMachiri
Yalkut haMachiri (Hebrew: ילקוט המכירי) is a work of midrash. Its author was Machir ben Abba Mari, but his country and the period in which he lived are not definitively known. Moritz Steinschneider says that Machir lived in Provence; but his date remains a subject of discussion among modern scholars. Strack & Stemberger (1991) say that the work was most probably composed in the late 13th or 14th century.

Moritz Steinschneider
Moritz Steinschneider (Yiddish: משה שטיינשניידער; 30 March 1816 – 24 January 1907) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist, and an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history. He is credited as having invented the term antisemitism.
Sunset Hill (Otsego County, New York)
Sunset Hill is a mountain in the Central New York Region of New York. It is located in the towns of Richfield and Warren, north of Richfield Springs. It was formally called Abbott's Hill, as it was the site of Aaron Abbott's home and also Butternut Hill, from the big butternut trees that once stood on the hill.

Richfield Springs, New York
Richfield Springs is a village located in the Town of Richfield, on the north-central border of Otsego County, New York, United States. The population was 1,050 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from local sulfur springs.
Applications of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the capability of the  computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. Artificial intelligence has been used in applications throughout industry and academia. Within the field of Artificial Intelligence, there are multiple subfields. The subfield of Machine learning has been used for various scientific and commercial purposes including language translation, image recognition, decision-making, credit scoring, and e-commerce. In recent years, there have been massive advancements in the field of generative artificial intelligence, which uses generative models to produce text, images, videos or other forms of data. This article describes applications of AI in different sectors.

DALL-E
DALL-E, DALL-E 2, and DALL-E 3 (stylised DALL·E) are text-to-image models developed by OpenAI using deep learning methodologies to generate digital images from natural language descriptions known as prompts.

The first version of DALL-E was announced in January 2021. In the following year, its successor DALL-E 2 was released. DALL-E 3 was released natively into ChatGPT for ChatGPT Plus and ChatGPT Enterprise customers in October 2023, with availability via OpenAI's API and "Labs" platform provided in early November. Microsoft implemented the model in Bing's Image Creator tool and plans to implement it into their Designer app. With Bing's Image Creator tool, Microsoft Copilot runs on DALL-E 3. In March 2025, DALL-E-3 was replaced in ChatGPT by GPT Image's native image-generation capabilities.
Diwan Mosque
The Diwan Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الديوان; also spelled Diouane Mosque) is a mosque in Fez, Morocco. It was founded by the Alawi sultan Moulay Slimane during his reign between 1792 and 1822. It is located in the center of Fes el-Bali (the old city), on Diwan Street (Rue Diwan), just north of Tala'a Kebira near its eastern end. It is one of the neighbourhood Friday mosques of the city.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
The Ballad of Immortal Joe
The Ballad of Immortal Joe is a Canadian animated short film, which premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. Directed by Hector Herrera and written and produced by Pazit Cahlon, the film is a tribute to the cowboy poetry of Robert W. Service. The film, the third installment in Herrera's "Beastly Bards" series of animated shorts, is narrated by actor Kenneth Welsh, and soundtracked by the alternative country band The Sadies.

In 2016 the film won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards.

The Sadies
The Sadies are a Canadian rock and roll / country and western band from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Travis Good, Sean Dean and Mike Belitsky. Dallas Good, a founding member, died in 2022.  Dallas and Travis are the sons of Margaret and Bruce Good, and nephews of Brian and Larry Good, who are members of the Canadian country group The Good Brothers.
Jeanne Lapoirie
Jeanne Lapoirie is a French cinematographer. She began her career in the 1980s, working as a camera operator and cinematographer with directors like Luc Besson, Agnès Varda, and Robin Campillo. She is also known for her collaborations with André Téchiné and François Ozon. She was nominated for a César Award for Best Cinematography for her work in Ozon's 8 femmes in 2003 and Michael Kohlhaas in 2014.

Robin Campillo
Robin Campillo (French: [ʁɔbɛ̃ kɑ̃pijo]; born 16 August 1962) is a Moroccan-born French screenwriter, editor and film director. Most known for his 2017's BPM (Beats per Minute) which received mass acclaim and went on to garner many awards, including the Grand Prix at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and the César Award for Best Film.
Theory of pure equality
In mathematical logic the theory of pure equality is a first-order theory. It has a signature consisting of only the equality relation symbol, and includes no non-logical axioms at all.

This theory is consistent but incomplete, as a non-empty set with the usual equality relation provides an interpretation making certain sentences true. It is an example of a decidable theory and is a fragment of more expressive decidable theories, including monadic class of first-order logic (which also admits unary predicates and is, via Skolem normal form, related to set constraints in program analysis) and monadic second-order theory of a pure set (which additionally permits quantification over predicates and whose signature extends to monadic second-order logic of k successors).

Set constraint
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a set constraint is an equation or an inequation between sets of terms.
Similar to systems of (in)equations between numbers, methods are studied for solving systems of set constraints. 
Different approaches admit different operators (like "∪", "∩", "\", and function application) on sets and different (in)equation relations (like "=", "⊆", and "⊈") between set expressions.

Systems of set constraints are useful to describe (in particular infinite) sets of ground terms.
They arise in program analysis, abstract interpretation, and type inference.
Gopakumar–Vafa invariant
In theoretical physics, Rajesh Gopakumar and Cumrun Vafa introduced in a series of papers numerical invariants of Calabi-Yau threefolds, later referred to as the Gopakumar–Vafa invariants. These physically defined invariants represent the number of BPS states on a Calabi–Yau threefold. In the same papers, the authors also derived the following formula which relates the Gromov–Witten invariants and the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants.

,

where

is the class of holomorphic curves with genus g,

is the topological string coupling, mathematically a formal variable,

with  the Kähler parameter of the curve class ,

are the Gromov–Witten invariants of curve class  at genus ,

are the Gopakumar–Vafa invariants of curve class  at genus .

Notably, Gromov-Witten invariants are generally rational numbers while Gopakumar-Vafa invariants are always integers.

Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield state
In theoretical physics, massive representations of an extended supersymmetry algebra called Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfeld (BPS) states (named after Evgeny Bogomolny, M.K. Prasad, and Charles M. Sommerfield) have mass equal to the supersymmetry central charge Z. Quantum mechanically, if the supersymmetry remains unbroken, exact equality to the modulus of Z exists. Their importance arises as the supermultiplets shorten for generic massive representations, with stability and mass formula exact.
Joseph the Dreamer (film)
Joseph the Dreamer (Hebrew: בעל החלומות, translit. Ba'al Hahalomot) is a 1962 stop-motion animated drama film by Yoram Gross in his directorial debut. The first animated film produced in Israel, it tells the story of Joseph from the Bible.

Yoram Gross
Yoram Jerzy Gross AM (18 October 1926 – 21 September 2015) was a Polish-born Australian film and television producer, animation director, and writer of children's and family entertainment. He founded the animation studio Flying Bark Productions.

He was known for his adaptation of children's characters from books and films, and best known for the production of the films Dot and the Kangaroo and Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala.
2018 International Championship
The 2018 International Championship (officially the 2018 OPPO International Championship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament, taking place from 28 October to 4 November 2018 in Daqing, China. It was the seventh ranking event of the 2018/2019 season.

Qualifying for the tournament took place between 9–12 October 2018 in Barnsley Metrodome, Barnsley.

Defending champion Mark Selby lost to Neil Robertson 4–6 in the quarter-final, bringing an end to his 2-year reign and an 18 match unbeaten record in the tournament.

Mark Allen won the tournament with record 14 century breaks, beating Robertson 10–5 in the final. It was Allen's fourth ranking title.

Tom Ford (snooker player)
Tom Ford (born 17 August 1983) is an English professional snooker player from Leicester. Turning professional in 2001, Ford won his first ranking event at the 2024 Snooker Shoot Out. Ford has reached three further ranking finals - the 2016 Paul Hunter Classic, the 2023 German Masters and the 2023 International Championship.

Ford has compiled five maximum breaks in competitive play, and over 300 century breaks.
Vice Canada Reports
Vice Canada Reports is a Canadian web and television series, produced and distributed by Vice Media through the website of Vice Magazine in 2015 and 2016. The series consists of documentary news reports, which were distributed through the website until the launch of the Viceland television channel's Canadian version in 2016 formally known as "CANADIANA" and "Vice Canada".

The series is a two-time winner of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Original Program or Series Produced for Digital Media, Non-Fiction, winning at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016 and at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017.

Grey market
A grey market or dark market (sometimes confused with the similar term "parallel market") is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels that are not authorised by the original manufacturer or trademark proprietor. Grey market products (grey goods) are products traded outside the manufacturer's authorised channel.