hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ostre, Silesian Voivodeship
Ostre [ˈɔstrɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipowa, within Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village was established in the early 17th century on the slopes of Ostre mountain in Silesian Beskids, originally named Podostre.

Żywiec County
Żywiec County (Polish: powiat żywiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Żywiec, which lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The county covers an area of 1,039.96 square kilometres (401.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 152,877, out of which the population of Żywiec is 31,194 and the rural population is 121,683.

The county includes part of the protected area known as Żywiec Landscape Park.
Soman Ambaat
Soman Ambaat (also spelled Soman Ambatt or referred as just Soman)  is an Indian film director (Member of FEFKA) in Malayalam cinema. His debut film was Aayiram Abhilashangal (1984). This was followed by several films in Malayalam such as Manasariyathe (1984), Oppam Oppathinoppam (1986), and Agnimuhurtham (1987). He has also worked as Chief Associate director for movies like Jagadguru Adisankaran (1977), Shrimad Bhagwadgeeta (1977), Ashtamangalyam (1977), Harshabhaspam (1977), Pichipoo (1978, Manoradham (1978), Vilakkum veilchavum (1978), Aanakkalari (1978),  Kolillakam (1981), and Ponnum Poovum (1982).

Aanakkalari
Aanakkalari is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed and produced by A. B. Raj. The film stars Vincent, Sathaar, Unnimary and Jose Prakash in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.
Somo River
The Somo River (sometimes called the Big Somo) is a tributary of the Tomahawk River, with headwaters in Price County, but mostly lying in Lincoln County. The source is the confluence of Somo Creek and Little Somo Creek in the unincorporated community of Clifford. The river flows approximately east-southeast, and terminates in Lake Mohawksin. Prior to the existence of Lake Mohawksin, which floods the confluence, the Somo flowed into the Tomahawk, just a few hundred yards up stream of its confluence with the Wisconsin.

A primary tributary of the Somo is the Little Somo River, which joins the main river about five miles upstream from Lake Mohawksin. Somo Lake is on the Little Somo, not the Somo. The Little Somo, Somo Lake and the Somo River are traditionally combined in general reference as the "Somo region."

Clifford, Wisconsin
Clifford is an unincorporated community in Lincoln, Oneida, and Price counties, Wisconsin, United States. Clifford is located in the towns of Somo in Lincoln County, Lynne in Oneida County, and Knox in Price County. The community is located on U.S. Route 8, 12 miles (19 km) east of Prentice.
Frankburg, Alberta
Frankburg is a former community founded by Latter-day Saint (LDS) settlers, located in Foothills County, Alberta. The community was located 12 km east of High River.

Very little remains of this settlement founded by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints other than the Frankburg Cemetery. Christopher Frank, an early postmaster, gave the community his last name.

High River
High River is a town within the Calgary Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada. It is approximately 68 kilometres (42 mi) south of Calgary, at the junction of Alberta Highways 2 and 23. High River had a population of 14,324 in 2021.
University Challenge 2022–23
The 52nd series of University Challenge began on 29 August 2022 on BBC Two. A special programme commemorating the show's 60th anniversary was broadcast on the same night.

This was the final series hosted by Jeremy Paxman, who then stood down from the role after 29 years. From July 2023 onwards, Amol Rajan succeeded Paxman as host for the 53rd series of the long-running student quiz show.

Paxman’s last-ever appearance as host aired on 29 May 2023 at the end of the series, when the University of Durham won their third title by defeating the University of Bristol in the final, which was coincidentally a rematch of the very first game back in August.

In this series, the universities of Coventry and Roehampton made their debut appearances, while Robert Gordon University made only their second appearance since 1994 in Jeremy Paxman's inaugural series.

Roehampton
Roehampton is an area in southwest London, sharing its SW15 postcode with neighbouring Putney and Kingston Vale, and takes up a far western strip, running north to south, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It contains a number of large council house estates and is home to the University of Roehampton.
Macedonite
Macedonite is a mineral named by Radusinović and Markov in 1971. It has the elemental formula PbTiO3 and exhibits tetragonal crystal system. The type locality is near Crni Kamen, Selecka Planina, Prilep Municipality, North Macedonia. It can be confused with perovskite. It is found in an amazonite-rich area.

Black Peak, Šar Mountains
Black Peak (Albanian: Guri i Zi; Serbian: Црни Камен / Crni.Kamen; Macedonian: Црн Камен, romanized: Crn Kamen) is a peak of the Šar Mountains located in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Black Peak stands at 2,536 m (8,320 ft) above sea level. The famous Brezovica ski resort is situated close to the peak.
Taldra, South Australia
Taldra (postcode 5311) is a small settlement in the northeastern Murray Mallee region of South Australia adjoining the border with Victoria. The aboriginal word taldra means kangaroo. At the 2016 census, Taldra had a population of 36.

The railway through Taldra opened on 13 October 1913 but closed in the 1980s. The former towns and sidings between Taplan and Taldra are now incorporated in the Bounded Locality of Taldra. They were Nangari, Pungonda, Noora and Ingalta (all south of Taldra township). Little remains of any of these settlements. Nangari once had a shop, Noora once had a football team. Taldra still has grain silos at the former railway station erected in the 1950s, but if they are used, they are cleared by road, not rail.

Murray Mallee
The Murray Mallee is a grain-growing and sheep-farming area in the east of the Australian state of South Australia. The name is not formally designated but is widely used to refer to an area of approximately 20,000 square kilometres (7700 square miles) bounded by the River Murray on its northern and western sides, the Victorian border on its eastern side, and up to about 50 kilometres (30 miles) south of the Mallee Highway.

The formal designated name for approximately the same region is Murraylands.
Lawson State Community College
Lawson State Community College (Lawson State, Lawson, LSCC) is a public, historically black community college with campuses in Birmingham and Bessemer, Alabama. The technical division of the college was founded as Wenonah State Technical Institute in Birmingham in 1949. Lawson State is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges, and offers nearly 200 associate degree and certificate programs.

LSCC's athletic teams compete in the Alabama Community College Conference (ACCC) of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). They are collectively known as the Cougars.

In 2014, LSCC was announced as the leader of a four-year, $10 million federally-funded transportation industry training across four states. The college was ranked No. 5 on the Washington Monthly's Best Community Colleges list in 2013. The White House recognized LSCC as a "Champion of Change" in 2011 for its efforts to educate workers for its community.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Penmesterol
Penmesterol (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name) (brand names Pandrocine, Testopan; former developmental code name RP-12222), or penmestrol, also known as 17α-methyltestosterone 3-cyclopentyl enol ether, is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) that was developed in the early 1960s. It is the 3-cyclopentyl enol ether of methyltestosterone.

Enol ether
In organic chemistry an enol ether is an alkene with an alkoxy substituent. The general structure is R2C=CR-OR where R = H, alkyl or aryl. A common subfamily of enol ethers are vinyl ethers, with the formula ROCH=CH2. Important enol ethers include the reagent 3,4-dihydropyran and the monomers methyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether.
Genichutl
Genichutl (Russian: Геничутль) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khunzakhsky Selsoviet, Khunzakhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  315 (2010 Census); 282 (2002 Census); 181 (1989 Soviet census). There are 3 streets in this selo.

Khunzakhsky District
Khunzakhsky District (Russian: Хунзахский райо́н; Avar: Хунзахъ мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic. The area of the district is 551.91 square kilometers (213.09 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khunzakh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,691, with the population of Khunzakh accounting for 13.4% of that number.
Tetractys
The tetractys (Greek: τετρακτύς), or tetrad, or the tetractys of the decad is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row, which is the geometrical representation of the fourth triangular number. As a mystical symbol, it was very important to the secret worship of Pythagoreanism. There were four seasons, and the number was also associated with planetary motions and music.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
Thomasina Talley Greene
Thomasina Talley Greene (1913–2003) was an African-American concert pianist and music educator who opened a music studio in 1942 in Jefferson City, Missouri. She was honored as a 1963 Missouri Woman of Achievement for her outstanding contribution to the arts, including a memorable recital at Lincoln University.

Lincoln University (Missouri)
Lincoln University (Lincoln U) is a public, historically black, land-grant university in Jefferson City, Missouri. Founded in 1866 by African-American veterans of the American Civil War, it is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. This was the first black university in the state. In the fall 2023, the university enrolled 1,799 students.
Hidden America with Jonah Ray
Hidden America with Jonah Ray is a travel parody series that debuted on June 2, 2016 on Seeso. Parodying the style of Anthony Bourdain's travel show, viewers follow Jonah Ray as he explores and pokes fun at local restaurants, memorials and historical sites in various cities. Ray visits American cities including Boston, Austin, New Orleans and Chicago. The nine-episode first season features guests like Weird Al Yankovic, Ralph Garman, Jeff B. Davis, William Tokarsky, Randall Park, David Koechner, Conphidance and many more. On August 18, 2016 it was announced that Hidden America had been renewed for a second season.

Ralph Garman
Ralph Garman (born November 17) is an American actor and journalist best known as the host of The Joe Schmo Show, for his voice work on the Fox animated series Family Guy, former entertainment reporter and impressionist for the Kevin and Bean morning show on Los Angeles radio station KROQ-FM, and his podcast with co-host Kevin Smith, Hollywood Babble-On. Garman can currently be heard on his daily podcast, "The Ralph Report" on the Patreon platform.
Drumized
Drumized is the third release by Chiptune and noise artist DJ Scotch Egg, which was released on Load Records. The album features a more abrasive sound similar to Scotch Dub and KFC Core. There is also experimentation with Circuit Bending and live instruments, one of which was played by Anders Hana of Noxagt and formerly of Jaga Jazzist.

Chiptune
Chiptune, also called 8-bit music (although not all chiptune is 8-bit), is a style of electronic music, and its associated subculture, made using the programmable sound generator (PSG) sound chips or synthesizers in vintage arcade machines, computers and video game consoles. The term is commonly used to refer to tracker format music using extremely basic and small samples that an old computer or console could produce (this is the original meaning of the term), as well as music that combines PSG sounds with modern musical styles. It has been described as "an interpretation of many genres". Any existing song can be arranged in a chiptune style. It can be defined by choice of instrument, by timbre more than specific style elements.
Heterocampa ruficornis
Heterocampa ruficornis is a species of moth in the family Notodontidae (the prominents). It was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1905 and it is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Heterocampa ruficornis is 7996.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Steve Watkins
Steven Charles Watkins Jr. (born September 18, 1976) is an American politician and former military officer. He served as the U.S. representative for Kansas's 2nd congressional district from 2019 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party, and was succeeded by Jake LaTurner. He earned degrees from the United States Military Academy at West Point, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), and Harvard.

Kansas's 2nd congressional district
Kansas' 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas that covers most of the eastern part of the state, except for the core of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. The district encompasses less than a quarter of the state. The state capital of Topeka, the cities of Emporia, Junction City and Leavenworth and most of Kansas City are located within this district. The district is currently represented by Republican Derek Schmidt.
Thotti Jaya
Thotti Jaya is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Durai and produced by Kalaipuli S. Thanu. The film stars Silambarasan in the titular role with Gopika plays the female lead, while Pradeep Rawat  (in his Tamil debut) essays a supporting role. The soundtrack was composed by Harris Jayaraj with cinematography by R. D. Rajasekhar and Anthony.

The film was released on 9 September 2005 and received positive response from both audience and critics and was a success at the box office.

R. D. Rajasekhar
R. D. Rajasekhar is an Indian cinematographer who predominantly works in films of Indian languages such as Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, and Hindi. He is a recipient of the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer and Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – Tamil. He is the member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers (ISC).
Charith Jayampathi
Charith Jayampathi (born 1 February 1991) is a Sri Lankan first-class cricketer. He plays for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club.

Jayampathi represented Sri Lanka in the 2010 Under-19 Cricket World Cup held in New Zealand. His best performance came during the U-19 tour of Australia in 2009, where he secured nine wickets, becoming the leading Sri Lankan wicket taker in the tour.

Jayampathi started his first-class cricket career with the Seeduwa Raddoluwa Cricket Club during the 2008–09 season.

2010 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
The 2010 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was the eighth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup and took place in New Zealand. Since 1998, the tournament has been held every 2 years. This edition had 16 teams competing in 44 matches between 15 and 30 January 2010. These included the 10 ICC Full Members and 6 Qualifiers. The tournament was originally scheduled to take place in Kenya, but the International Cricket Council (ICC) moved it to New Zealand after an inspection in June 2009 found that it would be unrealistic to expect Kenya to complete preparations in time.

Australia met Pakistan in the final. Australia had only lost one match throughout the tournament, while Pakistan had remained undefeated on their way to the final. Pakistan lost the final to Australia by 25 runs. South African Dominic Hendricks scored the most runs in the tournament, and Raymond Haoda of Papua New Guinea claimed the most wickets.
John R. Lanigan
John Ralph Lanigan (April 16, 1902 – May 24, 1974) was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted as commanding officer of 25th Marine Regiment during Battle of Iwo Jima. Lanigan was a recipient of the Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat.

The Basic School
The Basic School (TBS) is where all newly commissioned and appointed (for warrant officers) United States Marine Corps officers are taught the basics of being an "Officer of Marines." The Basic School is located in Stafford County, Virginia to the south-west of the Marine Corps Base Quantico complex. Each year, over 1,700 new officers are trained, representing such commissioning sources as the U.S. Naval Academy, Navy ROTC (Marine Option), Officer Candidates School, and newly appointed Marine Corps Warrant Officers, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (Marine Option) accession programs.
Monument Creek (Fountain Creek tributary)
Monument Creek is an El Paso County, Colorado, stream on the Arkansas River water basin. It flows south from Mount Deception through Pikeview and Monument, and into Colorado Springs, where it meets up with Fountain Creek. It is 27.2 miles (43.8 km) from its northernmost boundary with National Forest Lands to its confluence with Fountain Creek near the intersection of Interstate 25 and U.S. Route 24.

U.S. Route 24
U.S. Route 24 or U.S. Highway 24 (US 24) is one of the original United States Numbered Highways of 1926 which runs east and west for most of its routing. It originally ran from Pontiac, Michigan, in the east to Kansas City, Missouri, in the west. Today, the highway's eastern terminus is in Independence Township, Michigan, at an intersection with Interstate 75 (I-75), and its western terminus is near Minturn, Colorado, at an intersection with I-70. The highway transitions from north–south to east–west signage at the Ohio–Michigan state line.
Eleutherodactylus parabates
Eleutherodactylus parabates, also known as Independencia robber frog and Neiba whistling frog, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola and found along the crest of the Sierra de Neiba, near the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The specific name parabates is Greek for "transgressor" and refers to this species being the first Hispaniolan member of the "Eleutherodactylus dimidiatus species group" recorded north of the Plain of the Cul-de-Sac–Valle de Neiba (the southern species are Eleutherodactylus jugans and E. ventrilineatus).

Plain of the Cul-de-Sac
Plain of the Cul-de-Sac (French: Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, also known as the Cul-de-Sac Plain, or the Cul-de-Sac Depression) is a fertile lowland on the island of Hispaniola. It extends from southeastern Haiti into the southwestern Dominican Republic, where it is known as the Hoya de Enriquillo.
Bechyně Bridge
Bechyně Bridge  (Czech: Bechyňský most) also known as Bechyně Rainbow, rarely Rainbow Bridge, originally called the Jubilee Bridge, is a unique reinforced concrete arch bridge over the Lužnice river on the eastern edge of Bechyně in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is a combined bridge for road and rail traffic, used by Czech Route 122 (Týn nad Vltavou–Bechyně–Opařany) and the Tábor–Bechyně railway line.

During passage of trains, road traffic from Týn nad Vltavou to Bechyně is stopped by a crossing safety device without a barrier; the opposite direction of traffic is unaffected by the train. In 2014 the bridge was declared a national cultural monument.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
An Option for Quebec
An Option for Quebec (French: Option Québec) is an essay by former Premier of Quebec René Lévesque published in 1968. The essay presents the constitutional proposal of a group of progressive liberals who, after leaving the Liberal Party of Quebec, formed the Sovereignty-Association Movement.

Premier of Quebec
The premier of Quebec (French: premier ministre du Québec [pʁəmje ministʁ dy kebɛk] (masculine) or première ministre du Québec [pʁəmjɛʁ-] [feminine]) is the first minister and head of government of the Canadian province of Quebec. The current premier of Quebec is François Legault of the Coalition Avenir Québec, sworn in on October 18, 2018, following that year's election.
Sarcodontia spumea
Sarcodontia spumea is a species of tooth fungus in the family Meruliaceae. It is widespread in Europe, where it causes a white rot of both living and dead hardwood trees, especially maples. The fungus was originally described by English botanist James Sowerby in 1799. After having been moved to several different genera in its taxonomic history, Viacheslav Spirin transferred it to the genus Sarcodontia in 2001.

James Sowerby
James Sowerby (21 March 1757 – 25 October 1822) was an English naturalist, illustrator and mineralogist. Contributions to published works, such as A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland or English Botany, include his detailed and appealing plates. The use of vivid colour and accessible texts was intended to reach a widening audience in works of natural history. The standard author abbreviation Sowerby is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.