hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NER Class R
The NER Class R (later LNER Class D20) was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed by Wilson Worsdell for the North Eastern Railway (NER). Sixty locomotives were built at Gateshead works between 1899 and 1907. They proved highly successful on express passenger services and were noted for their exceptional reliability. The class passed to the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at the 1923 Grouping, being classified D20, and subsequently to British Railways in 1948. The last was withdrawn in 1957 and none were preserved.

Gateshead TMD
Gateshead TMD was a railway traction maintenance depot situated in Gateshead, England. The depot code was 52A during the steam era and GD later on.

It was known, along with the adjacent locomotive works, as Greenesfield or Greensfield, after a Mr. Greene, from whom the North Eastern Railway (NER) bought the land  .

In 1958, all BR locomotive depots on Tyneside, Wearside and in Northumberland became sub-sheds of Gateshead.

The depot closed in 1991.

Housing now occupies the site, now known as Ochre Yards. The street names reflect the site's history, with Worsdell Drive and Fletcher Road named after former locomotive superintendents of the NER.
Michael Speight
Michael Wayne Speight (born 24 February 1962) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A lock, Speight represented Waikato, North Auckland and North Harbour at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1986. He played five matches for the All Blacks, including one international against Australia.

North Harbour Rugby Union
The North Harbour Rugby Union (NHRU), commonly known as North Harbour or simply Harbour, is the governing body of rugby union that encompasses a wide geographical area north of Auckland that includes North Shore City, Rodney District, the Hibiscus Coast and part of Waitakere City. There are 12 rugby clubs from Mahurangi RFC, based in Warkworth, Rodney District, in the north through to Massey the southernmost area of the union.

The NHRU provincial rugby team that was formed in 1985 by clubs that left the Auckland Rugby Union. It competes in the Mitre 10 Cup, the successor to New Zealand's former domestic competition, the National Provincial Championship (NPC).
International rankings of Canada
Canada is recognized in international rankings for a variety of reasons, ranging from its high standard of living to its  strong economy and political stability.  Canada ranks high on its social, legal, healthcare and education systems with its universities ranked among the best in the world. The country consistently ranks high in other various indices measuring factors such as human rights, quality of life, safety, happiness, prosperity and sustainability. This has led to Canada being recognized as one of the best countries in the world to live. Despite these facts there are varied domestic concerns, Canada ranks among  the lowest of the most developed countries for housing affordability,  technology affordability, healthcare accessibility, and  foreign direct investment.

Political stability
Political stability is a situation characterized by the preservation of an intact and smoothly functioning government or political system, avoiding significant disruptions or changes over an extended duration. Political stability signifies a state of tranquility, organization, and sustained continuity within the political domain. It is marked by consistent institutions and policies, as well as a commitment to upholding the rule of law.

Societies with political stability experience a decreased probability of encountering major political upheavals, civil unrest, or sudden changes in leadership. Political stability is essential for a nation's development, economic growth, and social unity. It enables long-term planning, investment, and prosperity, as businesses and citizens can rely on consistent governance and policies.
Desnitsky
Desnitsky (Russian: Десницкий), feminine: Desnitskaya is a Russian surname originated in clergy, derived from the biblical expression "стоящий одесную Бога" (<the one> "standing on the right side of God", i.e., God the Son). Notable people with the surname include:

Agniya Desnitskaya  (1912–1992), Soviet linguist

Ivan Desny, born Ivan Desnitcky (1922–2002), French actor of Russian Chinese origin

Mikhail Desnitsky (1761–1821), Russian Orthodox bishop

Semyon Desnitsky (1740–1789), Russian legal scholar

Sergey Desnitsky (born 1941), Soviet and Russian film and stage actor

Yekaterina Desnitskaya (1886–1960), Russian Empire-born nurse who became a princess as wife of the Siamese prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath

Ivan Desny
Ivan Desny (born Ivan Nikolaevich Desnitsky; Russian: Иван Николаевич Десницкий, 28 December 1922 – 13 April 2002) was a French actor of Russian Chinese origin. He had a lengthy career in French and German cinema, appearing in over 200 film and television roles over 50 years, and was a two-time German Film Award winner.
Wankel AG
Wankel AG is a German aircraft engine and automotive engine manufacturer based in Kirchberg, Saxony. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of Wankel engines for ultralight aircraft and also for kart racing cars.

The company is organized as an Aktiengesellschaft, a German share-owned limited corporation.

Aktiengesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft (German pronunciation: [ˈaktsi̯ənɡəˌzɛlʃaft] ⓘ; abbreviated AG [aːˈgeː] ⓘ) is a German word for a corporation limited by share ownership (i.e., one which is owned by its shareholders) whose shares may be traded on a stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a société anonyme or a società per azioni) and South Tyrol for companies incorporated there. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent term is public limited company, and in the United States, while the terms "incorporated" or "corporation" are typically used, technically the more precise equivalent term is "joint-stock company".
Subhysteropycnis
Subhysteropycnis is a fungal genus in the family Arthoniaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the lichenicolous fungus species Subhysteropycnis maculiformans, which is parasitic on Pseudocyphellaria glabra and Pseudocyphellaria homoeophylla. The fungus creates distinctive brownish spots on its host lichens and produces ascospores within tiny flask-shaped chambers embedded in the infected tissue. It represents an early developmental stage that may eventually develop into the more complex reproductive structures of certain Arthonia species.

Pseudocyphellaria glabra
Pseudocyphellaria glabra is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It has a pale-green upper thallus surface, a white medulla and white pseudocyphellae (tiny pores for gas exchange).
Blunt-winged warbler
The blunt-winged warbler (Acrocephalus concinens) is a marsh-warbler (family Acrocephalidae). The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1870. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.

It is found in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northeast India and China; it winters in Myanmar, Thailand and Bangladesh.

Robert Swinhoe
Robert Swinhoe FRS (1 September 1836 – 28 October 1877) was an English diplomat and naturalist who worked as a Consul in Qing-era Taiwan (then known to Westerners as Formosa). He catalogued many Southeast Asian birds, and several, such as Swinhoe's pheasant, are named after him.
Raniban, Achham
Raniban is a village in Achham District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, the village had a population of 2178 living in 429 houses. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census, the population was 2382, of which 28% was literate.

Seti Zone
Seti (Nepali: सेती अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal. Dhangadhi in the Terai is the major city of Seti Zone; headquarters are in Dipayal-Silgadhi. As of 2015, Nepal discontinued zone designations in favor of provinces; the area previously known as Seti Zone is now part of Sudurpashchim Province.
Mertil Melin
Lieutenant General Mertil Börje Melin (17 July 1945 – 20 October 2023) was a Swedish Army officer. Born in Stånga, Sweden, in 1945, Melin developed an early passion for horses, which continued during his military service at Norrland Dragoons in Umeå. He graduated from the Military Academy Karlberg in 1968, embarking on a distinguished military career. He excelled in various officer training programs, becoming a lieutenant general and serving as the Chief of Army Command. His achievements include being the youngest colonel and regimental commander in Sweden at age 43. Melin also represented Sweden in the European Union and NATO military committees. Later in life, he served as the Crown Equerry of the Royal Court of Sweden from 2003 to 2015.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Label language
Label is a small Oceanic language spoken on New Ireland in Papua New Guinea. It is one of many Meso-Melanesian languages spoken on the island. The Label language is largely spoken on the south west of the island in a small pocket of space. It is not known to be spoken in any significant way outside of Papua New Guinea.

There are few speakers of the language, and is thus, endangered. Estimates vary between 140 (from a 1979 survey), up to 500 speakers. In 2005, the language was considered to be on the brink of extinction by som, with about 300 speakers.

Oceanic languages
The Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages comprising some 450 languages spoken in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are estimated to have only two million native speakers. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc").
Myotonia congenita
Myotonia congenita is a congenital neuromuscular channelopathy that affects skeletal muscles (muscles used for movement). It is a genetic disorder. The hallmark of the disease is the failure of initiated contraction to terminate, often referred to as delayed relaxation of the muscles (myotonia) and rigidity. Symptoms include delayed relaxation of the muscles after voluntary contraction (myotonia), and may also include stiffness, hypertrophy (enlargement), transient weakness in some forms of the disorder (from certain genetic mutations), severe masseter spasm, and cramping. The condition is sometimes referred to as fainting goat syndrome, as it is responsible for the eponymous 'fainting' seen in fainting goats when presented with a sudden stimulus. Of note, myotonia congenita is associated with increased risk malignant hyperthermia (MH) during general anaesthetic.

Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.

Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of the heart. Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).
Spanish frigate Santa María Magdalena
Santa María Magdalena was a 38-gun Spanish frigate built at Ferrol, Galicia in 1773. She sank, together with another ship, the Palomo, in a storm off the coast of Galicia, Spain, 31 October/2 November 1810. Of the 508 people on board, 500 perished in the storm, including her captain, Blas Salcedo y Salcedo, and the commander-in-chief of the Expedition, Joaquín Zarauz. Of the eight that managed to reach shore, five later died of their injuries.

Captain Salcedo's body was later found embracing that of his son, who had also perished in the storm. As a result, a Royal Order (Orden Real) was issued prohibiting fathers and sons or brothers and brothers being part of the crew on the same ship.

The wreck of the Magdalena lies just off the beach of Covas (Viveiro), in Lugo.

Lugo
Lugo (Galician: [ˈluɣo], Spanish: [ˈluɣo] ⓘ) is a city in northwestern Spain in the autonomous community of Galicia. It is the capital of the province of Lugo. The municipality had a population of 100,060 in 2024, making it the fourth most populous city in Galicia.

Lugo is the only city in the world to be surrounded by completely intact Roman walls, which reach a height of 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 feet) along a 2,117-metre (6,946 ft) circuit ringed with 71 towers. The walk along the top is continuous around the circuit and features ten gates. The 3rd century Roman walls, the only one of its kind in the world, are protected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The city's historic bridge over the Miño is also essentially of Roman date. The city of Lugo is along the Camino Primitivo path of the Camino de Santiago.
CSM Făgăraș (football)
Clubul Sportiv Municipal Făgăraș (Romanian pronunciation: [fəɡəˈraʃ]), commonly known as CSM Făgăraș or simply as Făgăraș, is a football team from Făgăraș, Brașov County, Romania, founded in 1922.

CSM Făgăraș spent most of its existence between the second and third tier and its fall, reported in recent years, was determined by the collapse of the Făgăraș Chemical Compound, the main sponsor of the team.

1962–63 Divizia B
The 1962–63 Divizia B was the 23rd season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.

The format has been maintained to three series, each of them having 14 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last four places from each series relegated to Divizia C.
1995–96 EHF Women's Champions League
The 1995–96 EHF Women's Champions League was the third edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women's handball clubs, running from 7 October 1995 to 11 May 1996. Podravka Koprivnica defeated Hypo Niederösterreich in a rematch of the previous edition's final to become the first Croatian club to win the competition, ending the Austrians four-years winning streak.

Hypo Niederösterreich
Hypo Niederösterreich (Hypo NÖ) is an Austrian women's handball club, headquartered in Maria Enzersdorf. They are one of the most successful teams on the EHF Champions League, having won the title eight times. They are also former winners of the EHF Champions Trophy in 2000.

Between 2011 and 2014, Hypo NÖ had a partnership with the Brazilian Handball Confederation, playing host to various players of the Brazil women's national handball team - including Alexandra Nascimento, who already played for Hypo since 2003 - and coach Morten Soubak. During the period, Brazil won the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship with six Hypo Nö players in its roster. Hypo Nö also won the EHF Women's Cup Winners' Cup that year.
Bangladesh at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Bangladesh competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the Gold Coast, Australia from April 4 to April 15, 2018. It was Bangladesh's 9th appearance at the Commonwealth Games.

Sport shooter Abdullah Hel Baki was the country's flag bearer during the opening ceremony.

Abdullah Hel Baki
Abdullah Hel Baki (born 1 August 1989) is a Bangladeshi sports shooter. He is a two-time Olympian who represented Bangladesh at the 2016 Rio Olympics and 2020 Tokyo Olympics, finishing 25th and 41st respectively in the men's 10 m air rifle event. He has won medals at the Islamic Solidarity Games, South Asian Games, and the Commonwealth Games, and was the flag bearer for Bangladesh at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Port Elizabeth South (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Port Elizabeth South (Afrikaans: Port Elizabeth-Suid) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1924 to 1966. As the name indicates, the seat covered the southern suburbs of Port Elizabeth (now Gqeberha). Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

1924 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 17 June 1924, electing 135 members of the House of Assembly. Considered a realigning election, rising discontent with the government of Jan Smuts led to the defeat of his government by a coalition of the pro-Afrikaner National Party and the South African Labour Party, a socialist party representing the interests of the white proletariat.

Smuts had angered South African nationalists by his moderate stance on South African independence from the British Empire. The worldwide depression after the end of the First World War had led to a strike in South Africa, known as the Rand Rebellion, which had been defused through a combination of military force and negotiation with the outgunned unions, earning Smuts the enmity of the labour vote. As a consequence Smuts's SAP was defeated by a Nationalist–Labour Pact, J. B. M. Hertzog formed the government and became Prime Minister – a position he was to hold until 1939.
Miłaki
Miłaki [miˈwaki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lelkowo, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Braniewo County
Braniewo County (Polish: powiat braniewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Braniewo, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Pieniężno, lying 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Braniewo, and Frombork, 11 km (7 mi) west of Braniewo.

The county covers an area of 1,204.54 square kilometres (465.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,223, out of which the population of Braniewo is 17,875, that of Pieniężno is 2,271, that of Frombork is 2,332, and the rural population is 19,130.
Breheny
Breheny is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jack Breheny (1910–2009), Australian politician

Martin Breheny, Irish journalist and sportswriter

Michael Breheny (1948–2003), English professor of planning

Steve Breheny (born 1954), Australian basketball player

Tommy Breheny (born 1967/1968), Gaelic football manager

Jack Breheny
John Gerald Breheny (17 May 1910 – 11 February 2009) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Toowoomba in Queensland. Pre-war he worked in a bank. In 1940 he enlisted in the AIF, and in 1942 was captured on Java and was a prisoner of war of the Japanese, and his time included working on the notorious Burma-Thai railway. In 1951 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Liberal member for Darwin (later Braddon) in a recount following Jack Chamberlain's resignation. He served until his defeat in 1972, and was then an Ulverstone councillor from 1976 to 1991. During his time on Ulverstone council, he was noted for publicly stating that "gay community are no better than Saddam Hussein". He died at Ulverstone in 2009.
Alaçam, Mut
Alaçam is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mut, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 704 (2022). It is situated to the northwest of Mut and south of Magras Mountain a part of Taurus Mountains. Distance to Mut is 22 kilometres (14 mi) and  to Mersin is 182 kilometres (113 mi).

The first reference to the village is dated at 1913. The origin of the population was probably a Turkmen tribe named Karadöneli. The main economic activity is agriculture. But irrigation is an important problem. Main crops of the village are cereals and grapes which require little irrigation. Towards Göksu River to east olive and apricot are also produced.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
10-demicube
In geometry, a 10-demicube or demidekeract is a uniform 10-polytope, constructed from the 10-cube with alternated vertices removed. It is part of a dimensionally infinite family of uniform polytopes called demihypercubes.

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as HM10 for a ten-dimensional half measure polytope.

Coxeter named this polytope as 171 from its Coxeter diagram, with a ring on one of the 1-length branches,  and Schläfli symbol  or {3,37,1}.

Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form {p,q,r, ...}  that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.

The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to more than three dimensions and discovered all their convex regular polytopes, including the six that occur in four dimensions.
Astra (weapon)
An astra (Sanskrit: अस्त्र, lit. 'weapon (that is thrown)/missile/bolt/arrow') is a supernatural weapon in Hindu epics. It is presided over by a specific deity and imbued with spiritual and occult powers. The term came to denote any weapon that was released from the hand (such as an arrow), compared to holding it (such as a sword). The bearer of an astra is an astradhari (Sanskrit: अस्त्रधारी, romanized: astradhārī).

Mahakavya
Mahākāvya (lit. great kāvya, court epic), also known as sargabandha, is a genre of Indian epic poetry in Classical Sanskrit. The genre is characterised by ornate and elaborate descriptions of phenomena such as scenery, love, and battles. Typical examples of mahākāvya are the Kumarasambhava and the Kiratarjuniya.

The genre evolved from earlier epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Despite the length of mahākāvyas (15-30 cantos, a total of about 1500-3000 verses), they are still much shorter than the Ramayana (500 cantos, 24000 verses) and the Mahabharata (about 100000 verses).
Friedrich Dedekind
Friedrich Dedekind (1524 – February 27, 1598) was a German humanist, theologian, and bookseller.

Born in Neustadt am Rübenberge, he was educated at the universities of Marburg (1543) and Wittenberg, where he studied theology.  At Wittenberg, his talents were recognized by Philipp Melanchthon.  As magister, he became in 1575 a minister and inspector of churches in Lüneburg.

He wrote plays and in later years became involved in mediating theological disputes.

He died on February 27, 1598, at Lüneburg.

Marburg University
Marburg University (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation.

Marburg University has 21,162 students (2024/25) and is located in Marburg. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.