hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Primitive Irish
Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish (Irish: Gaeilge Ársa, Gaeilge Chianach), also called Proto-Goidelic, is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages, and the ancestor of all languages within this family.

This phase of the language is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the Ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Great Britain between the 4th and the 6th century AD, before the advent of Old Irish. These inscriptions are referred to as Orthodox Ogham, although scholastic use of the script continued residually until the early 19th century.

Consonant cluster
In linguistics, a consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits. In the education field it is variously called a consonant cluster or a consonant blend.

Some linguists argue that the term can be properly applied only to consonant clusters that occur within one syllable. Others claim that the concept is more useful when it includes consonant sequences across syllable boundaries. According to the former definition, the longest consonant clusters in the word extra would be /ks/ and /tr/, whereas the latter allows /kstr/, which is phonetically [kst̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷ] in some accents.
United States Air Force Special Operations School
The United States Air Force Special Operations School (USAFSOS) is a school under the 492D Special Operations Wing, which falls under the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). AFSOC is the Air Force component of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM).

USAFSOS provides education to turn skilled Airmen into Air Commandos, a term used for U.S. Air Force Special Operators. The school provides specialized education to meet the unique requirements of AFSOC Airmen and joint and international special operations members.  USAFSOS builds on the functional training conducted by other agencies like the USAF Air Education and Training Command and Other USSOCOM Service component training schools including Naval Special Warfare Command's Naval Special Warfare Center and U.S. Army Special Operations Command's John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School.

Naval Special Warfare Center
32°40′20″N 117°10′01″W﻿ / ﻿32.672340°N 117.167034°W﻿ / 32.672340; -117.167034

The Phil Bucklew Naval Special Warfare Center (NSWC, also known as "The Center") is a component command of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command, United States Navy. It is sited within Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, California.

The NSWC runs much of the Naval Special Warfare (NSW) training. The main courses are the famous 12-month-long SEAL training (BUD/S and SQT) and 9-month long SWCC training.
When I Send You a Picture of Berlin (You'll Know It's Over, "Over There" I'm Coming Home)
When I Send You a Picture of Berlin (You'll Know It's Over, "Over There" I'm Coming Home) is a World War I song written and composed by Frank Fay, Ben Ryan and Dave Dreyer. Written for voice and piano, this song was published in 1918 by Harry Von Tilzer Music Publishing Co., in New York, NY. The cover, illustrated by Pfeiffer Illustrating Co., depicts a soldier with a camera while in the background the cavalry rides through a monument. The song was recorded by Arthur Fields and Peerless Quartet.

The sheet music can be found at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library.

Pritzker Military Museum & Library
The Pritzker Military Museum & Library (formerly Pritzker Military Library) is a non-profit museum and research library for the study of military history located in a state-of-the art facility in Kenosha, WI. The institution was founded in 2003, and its specialist collections include material relating to Winston Churchill and war-related sheet music.
Dr. Breen's Practice
Dr. Breen's Practice is a novel, one of the earlier works by American author and literary critic William Dean Howells. Houghton Mifflin originally published the novel in 1881 in both Boston and New York. Howells wrote in the realist style, creating a faithful representation of the commonplace, and in this case describing everyday mannerisms that embody the daily lives of middle-class people.

Literary realism
Literary realism is a movement and genre of literature that attempts to represent mundane and ordinary subject-matter in a faithful and straightforward way, avoiding grandiose or exotic subject-matter, exaggerated portrayals, and speculative elements such as supernatural events and alternative worlds. It encompasses both fiction (realistic fiction) and nonfiction writing. Literary realism is a subset of the broader realist art movement that began with mid-nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal) and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin). It  attempts to represent familiar things, including everyday activities and experiences, as they truly are.
Geodynamics
Geodynamics is a subfield of geophysics dealing with dynamics of the Earth. It applies physics, chemistry and mathematics to the understanding of how mantle convection leads to plate tectonics and geologic phenomena such as seafloor spreading, mountain building, volcanoes, earthquakes, or faulting. It also attempts to probe the internal activity  by measuring magnetic fields, gravity, and seismic waves, as well as the mineralogy of rocks and their isotopic composition. Methods of geodynamics are also applied to exploration of other planets.

Dynamics (mechanics)
In classical mechanics, dynamics  is the study of forces and their effect on motion. It is in contrast to statics, which deals with forces on objects at rest. The fundamental principle of dynamics is linked to Newton's second law.
Kostomarov
Kostomarov (Russian: Костомаров, masculine) or Kostomarova (Russian: Костомарова, feminine) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dmitry Kostomarov (1929–2014), Soviet Russian mathematician

Grigory Kostomarov (1896–1970), Soviet historian

Mykola Kostomarov (1817–1885), Russo–Ukrainian historian

Nikita Kostomarov (born 1999), Belarusian association football player

Roman Kostomarov (born 1977), Russian ice dancer

Roman Kostomarov
Roman Sergeyevich Kostomarov (Russian: Роман Серге́евич Костомаров, born 8 February 1977) is a Russian former ice dancer. With partner Tatiana Navka, he is the 2006 Olympic champion, two-time World champion (2004–05), three-time Grand Prix Final champion (2003–05), and three-time European champion (2004–06).
Cahuilla Creek
Cahuilla Creek is a tributary stream of Wilson Creek which is in turn a tributary of Temecula Creek, and the Santa Margarita River in Riverside County, California. Its mouth is at its confluence with Wilson Creek at an elevation of 2,106 feet (642 m). Its source is at 33°36′40″N 116°40′10″W﻿ / ﻿33.61111°N 116.66944°W﻿ / 33.61111; -116.66944, at an elevation of 5,800 feet, on the west slope of Thomas Mountain 0.6 miles west-southwest of Tool Box Spring.  It flows southwest through the Anza Valley and Cahuilla Valley in the Cahuilla Indian Reservation to Wilson Creek, 7 miles south-southwest of Cahuilla Mountain and 20 miles south-southeast of San Jacinto.

Cahuilla Mountain Wilderness
The Cahuilla Mountain Wilderness is a federally designated wilderness area located  in Riverside County in Southern California. The 5,575 acres (2,256 ha) wilderness is managed by the United States Forest Service in the San Bernardino National Forest.  
The summit of Cahuilla Mountain sits at 5604 feet (1708 m) and provides an excellent view of the nearby Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail. A trail to the top winds through the chaparral, as well as groves of live oak and Jeffrey pine. Local wildlife include mountain lion, mountain and California quail, and the rare red diamond rattlesnake.
Star coloring
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a star coloring of a graph G is a (proper) vertex coloring in which every path on four vertices uses at least three distinct colors. Equivalently, in a star coloring, the induced subgraphs formed by the vertices of any two colors has connected components that are star graphs. Star coloring has been introduced by Grünbaum (1973). The star chromatic number ⁠⁠ of G is the fewest colors needed to star color G.

Induced subgraph
In graph theory, an induced subgraph of a graph is another graph, formed from a subset of the vertices of the graph and all of the edges, from the original graph, connecting pairs of vertices in that subset.
Chang School of Continuing Education
The G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education (commonly known as the Chang School of Continuing Education or simply the Chang School) is the school responsible for continuing education within Toronto Metropolitan University in Toronto.

The school is named for the late G. Raymond Chang, third Chancellor of Toronto Metropolitan University (known at the time as Ryerson University) and Director of CI Financial. The Chang School's offices are located in Heaslip House on the Toronto Metropolitan University campus.

In 2003, Open College was merged into the Chang School. Open College had offered Ryerson credits through distance education with lectures aired on radio station CJRT since 1971.

CI Financial
CI Financial is a Canadian investment management company based in Toronto, Ontario. It offers investment management and wealth management services targeted to high net worth retail investors, as well as brokerage and trading services to portfolio managers and institutional investors.

It is considered one of the Big Three investment management companies in Canada, along with Mackenzie Investments and Fiera Capital.

As of 2024, it has a total of $450.0 billion in assets under management and advisement. It was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange as TSX: CIX, the New York Stock Exchange as NYSE: CIXX and was also a component of the S&P/TSX Composite Index before going private in 2025.
Yang Yan
Yang Yan is the name of:

Yang Yan (empress) (238–274), first wife of Emperor Wu of Jin

Yang Yan (Tang dynasty) (727–781), politician of the Tang dynasty

Yang Yan (wheelchair basketball) (born 1998), Chinese wheelchair basketball player

Yang Yan (Tang dynasty)
Yang Yan (simplified Chinese: 杨炎; traditional Chinese: 楊炎; pinyin: Yáng Yán; Wade–Giles: Yang2 Yen2; 727–781), courtesy name Gongnan (公南), was a Chinese historian and politician serving as a chancellor early in the reign of Emperor Dezong. He was credited with reforming the tax system to reduce burdens on the peasants and to bring merchants into the rank of taxpayers, but was blamed for using his position to take vengeance on political enemies. He was removed in 781 and soon executed.
Avirett–Stephens Plantation
Avirett–Stephens Plantation is a historic slave plantation complex and national historic district located near Richlands, Onslow County, North Carolina. The plantation house was built in 1851, and is a two-story, five-bay, double-pile Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It is sheathed in pine board-and-batten and sits on a brick pier foundation. It features a wide two-tiered porch with a shallow hipped roof.  Other contributing resources are antebellum cistern, family cemetery, and surrounding farmland.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Onslow County, North Carolina
Onslow County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 204,576. Its county seat is Jacksonville. The county was created in 1734 as Onslow Precinct and gained county status in 1739. Onslow County comprises the Jacksonville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. The southern border of the county is the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
Saplı Islet
Saplı Islet (Turkish: Saplı Ada, meaning "Island with a handle", also called Boynuince Islet) is a Mediterranean tombolo of Turkey.
The island is at the Yenikaş coast which is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of Aydıncık ilçe (district) of Mersin Province. At 36°07′48″N 33°17′41″E﻿ / ﻿36.13000°N 33.29472°E﻿ / 36.13000; 33.29472 it forms the west wall of the bay named Soğuksu. Its distance to Mersin is about 177 kilometres (110 mi)

The surface area of the tombolo is about 17×103 square metres (1.8×105 sq ft). It is connected to the main land by a short path. There are ruins of the antiquity on the islet. Although currently there is no archaeological excavation on the islet, it is included in SİT areas in Turkey.

Yenikaş
Yenikaş is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Aydıncık, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,016 (2022). It is a coastal village on state highway D.400.  Distance to Aydıncık is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) and to Mersin is 174 kilometres (108 mi). According to Sir Francis Beaufort, the village was situated in an ancient settlement named Melanie by Strabo, but modern scholarship points to the site being that of Myus. The village was founded by once nomadic Karakeçili tribe of Turkmens.
Agnes Tirop
Agnes Jebet Tirop (23 October 1995 – 13 October 2021) was a Kenyan professional long-distance runner. She won bronze medals in the 10,000 metres at the 2017 and 2019 World Athletics Championships. At the 2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, Tirop became the second-youngest ever gold medallist in the women's race, after Zola Budd. At the time of her death in 2021, she was the world-record holder in the 10 kilometres women's-only event.

At junior level, she was a bronze medallist at the 2012 and 2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics as well as the silver medallist at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She won a silver and a gold at the 2012 and 2014 African Cross Country Championships, respectively.

Tirop was killed at the age of 25 by multiple stab wounds to the neck and stomach. Her husband, Ibrahim Rotich, is on trial as the prime suspect. She was buried in her hometown in the Kenyan highlands at a funeral attended by over 1,000 mourners.

Herzogenaurach
Herzogenaurach (German pronunciation: [hɛʁtsoːɡn̩ˈʔaʊʁax] ⓘ; Mainfränkisch: Herziaura) is a town in the district of Erlangen-Höchstadt, in Bavaria, Germany. The name is a compound of "Herzog" meaning duke and the Aurach River that flows through the town. It is home to two major international sporting goods companies, Adidas and Puma, and the Schaeffler Group, a car parts manufacturer.
Archery at the 1960 Summer Paralympics – Women's St. Nicholas round open
The Women's St. Nicholas round open was one of the events held in archery at the 1960 Summer Paralympics in Rome.

There were only three competitors. Ireland's Joan Horan took a 12-point lead over Australia's Daphne Ceeney to win gold, while Germany's Zander (full name not recorded) finished third to take bronze.

Daphne Ceeney
Daphne Jean Hilton (née Ceeney; 7 January 1934 – 25 July 2016) was an Australian Paralympic competitor.  She was the first Australian woman to compete at the Paralympic Games.  She won fourteen medals in three Paralympics in archery, athletics, fencing, swimming, and table tennis from 1960 to 1968.
Bob Berry (dendrologist)
Robert James Berry (11 June 1916 – 2 August 2018) was a New Zealand dendrologist who founded Hackfalls Arboretum at his farm in Tiniroto, Gisborne. The arboretum is now known for having one of the largest collections of Mexican oaks in the world. During the 1950s and 1960s he was in regular contact with William Douglas Cook, the founder of Eastwoodhill Arboretum, Ngatapa, Gisborne. Berry made the first catalogues of this arboretum, which is now the National Arboretum of New Zealand.

Ngātapa
Ngātapa is a rural community in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island.

In late 1868 and early 1869 between 86 and 128 followers of Te Kooti were executed on nearby Ngātapa hill after the siege of Ngatapa. The Waitangi Tribunal described the siege as "one of the worst abuses of law and human rights in New Zealand's colonial history". The 150th anniversary was commemorated in Ngatapa in January 2019.
Robert Breuler
Robert Breuler is an American stage actor, primarily known as a longtime ensemble member of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, in Chicago, Illinois, where he won a Joseph Jefferson Award for his role as a Russian negotiator in A Walk in the Woods.

Breuler has appeared in over 40 shows at Steppenwolf. He has also appeared on Broadway and on screen, most notably as Judge John Hathorne in The Crucible (1996 film).

Jeff Award
The Joseph Jefferson Award, more commonly known informally as the Jeff Award, is given for theatre arts produced in the Chicago area. Founded in 1968, the awards are named in tribute to actor Joseph Jefferson, a 19th-century American theater star who, as a child, was a player in Chicago's first theater company.  Two types of awards are given: "Equity" (annual judging season August 1 to July 31) for work done under an Actors' Equity Association contract, and "Non-Equity" (annual judging season April 1 to March 31) for non-union work. Award recipients are determined by a secret ballot.
Attu Station, Alaska
Attu is a census-designated place (CDP) located on Attu Island in the Aleutians West Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 21 at the 2010 census, consisting entirely of Coast Guard personnel who resided and worked at Casco Cove Coast Guard Station, but left the island when the station was closed in August 2010, leaving it uninhabited. LORAN Station Attu had provided a navigational signal for mariners of the North Pacific since the 1970s.

Although it is relatively the westernmost point in the United States, Attu Station is technically one of the easternmost points, located at 52°50′47″N 173°11′10″E﻿ / ﻿52.84639°N 173.18611°E﻿ / 52.84639; 173.18611, opposite the 180th meridian from the rest of the United States.

180th meridian
The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system.  The longitude at this line can be given as either east or west.
On Earth, the prime and 180th meridians form a great ellipse that divides the planet into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.
Parapsilorhynchus prateri
Parapsilorhynchus prateri, the Deolali minnow, is a critically endangered species of cyprinid fish currently only known from the Darna River near Deolali in Nashik District, Maharashtra, India. It is possibly extinct as it has not been recorded since 2004. Recently Nandur Madhameshwar declared a new Ramsar site in Maharashtra which provide sanctuary to the Deolali minnow.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Marvel × Shōnen Jump+ Super Collaboration
Marvel × Shōnen Jump+ Super Collaboration (Japanese: MARVEL × 少年ジャンプ＋ SUPER COLLABORATION!!) is a Japanese manga series produced by the digital distribution platform Shōnen Jump+ in collaboration with the American comic book company Marvel Comics. The series is composed of seven one-shots written by various Weekly Shōnen Jump manga artists that feature Marvel Comics characters. Within the Marvel Comics multiverse, its reality is designated as Earth-346.

C. B. Cebulski
Chester Bror Cebulski (/səˈbʌlski/) is an American writer and editor for Marvel Comics, known for his work on titles such as Marvel Fairy Tales. As of November 2017, he holds the position of editor-in-chief.
Frank Zullo
Frank N. Zullo (June 3, 1932 – May 26, 2018) was a Democratic mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut. At 33, he was the youngest person to be elected mayor in Norwalk's history and the city's first Italian American mayor. He served three terms from 1965 to 1971.

Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184.

Norwalk is on the northern shore of Long Island Sound and was first settled in 1649.
White Noise (The Living End album)
White Noise is the fifth studio album by Australian punk rock band The Living End, first released in Australia on 19 July 2008. It was the band's first album released on the record label Dew Process. A limited edition bonus DVD, recorded at ACDC Lane in Melbourne, was also released, featuring six live songs, four of which were songs from White Noise.

The album debuted at number two on the Australian Album Chart, achieving a Gold certification in its first week. It was nominated for Best Rock Album & Album of the Year at the 2008 ARIA Awards, winning the award for Best Rock Album 2008.

Brendan O'Brien (music producer)
Brendan O'Brien (born June 30, 1960) is an American record producer, mixer, and engineer. He has worked with many groups and artists during his career, such as AC/DC, Pearl Jam, The Offspring, Stone Temple Pilots, Soundgarden, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Bob Dylan, Rage Against the Machine, the Killers and Bruce Springsteen. O'Brien was also credited on many nu metal albums with such artists as Korn, Limp Bizkit, Incubus and Papa Roach.
Al Masmak Palace
Al Masmak Palace (Arabic: قصر المصمك, romanized: Qaṣr al-Maṣmak), also called the Masmak Fortress or Masmak Fort, is a historic clay and mudbrick fort in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in close proximity to the al-Hukm Palace in the Qasr al-Hukm District. Commissioned in 1865 by Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud, it was completed in 1895 following the takeover of the town by the Rashidi dynasty. The fortress was the main theatre for the Battle of Riyadh in 1902, which marked the prelude to the unification of Saudi Arabia. It was opened to the general public in 1995 after its conversion into a museum.

Majlis
Majlis is an Arabic term meaning 'sitting room'. It is used to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups of administrative, social or religious nature in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to the Muslim world. Majlis can refer to a legislature as well and is used in the name of legislative councils or assemblies in some states.
Wartime Law on Industrial Property (Japan)
Wartime Law on Industrial Property (Kogyo Shoyuken Senji Ho) was a special law enacted by the Government of Japan in 1917, which declared that any patents owned by the nationals of countries in a state of war with Japan no longer had effect. The impact of this law was both immense and lasting, because a majority of drugs had been invented in Germany and this law meant that Japanese companies could produce them without worrying about patent infringement.

Statistics show that the number of new drugs in 1914 was 658 of which 103, or 16 per cent were developed domestically. By 1928, the number increased 2.6 times to 1,705 and the proportion of domestic development increased to 46 per cent. Further, by 1936, the number of new drugs increased to 2,402 of which more than half, 57 per cent were developed domestically.

Law of Japan
The law of Japan refers to the legal system in Japan, which is primarily based on legal codes and statutes, with precedents also playing an important role. Japan has a civil law legal system with six legal codes, which were greatly influenced by Germany, to a lesser extent by France, and also adapted to Japanese circumstances. The Japanese Constitution enacted after World War II is the supreme law in Japan. An independent judiciary has the power to review laws and government acts for constitutionality.