hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steam railcar
A steam railcar, steam motor car (US), or Railmotor (UK) is a railcar that is self powered by a steam engine. The first steam railcar was an experimental unit designed and built in 1847 by James Samuel and William Bridges Adams in Britain. In 1848 they made the Fairfield steam carriage that they sold to the Bristol & Exeter Railway, who used it for two years on a branch line.

Clayton Wagons
Clayton Wagons Ltd. of Lincoln were formed as a subsidiary company of Clayton & Shuttleworth in 1920. The company occupied the Abbey Works, Titanic Works and Clayton Forge. The company produced drop forgings, Steam Wagons, Electric Vehicles, Railway Carriages and Rolling stock. The main company, Clayton Shuttleworth, which was producing agricultural machinery, continued to operate from the Stamp End Works.  Both companies found it very difficult to adapt to the post war economic situation and by 1923 Clayton and Shuttleworth's Eastern European trade had shrunk to 6% of its pre-War level. The firms struggled during the Great Depression and ceased trading on 18 February 1930. The Clayton Wagons premises came to be occupied by Clayton-Dewandre Ltd. and Smith-Clayton Forge Ltd.
Joyous entry
A joyous entry (Dutch: blijde intrede; French: joyeuse entrée) is a ceremonial event marking the entry into a city by a monarch, prince, duke, or governor in parts of modern-day Belgium. Originating in the Middle Ages, it generally coincided with the affirmation or extension of the city's civic rights and privileges.

Joyous entries are primarily associated with the historic Duchy of Brabant and County of Flanders and continue in modern-day Belgium where the most recent joyous entries took place in 2013. The term is also occasionally used in relation to royal entries in Medieval France, Luxembourg, Hungary, Scotland, and elsewhere.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Beatrice Gruendler
Beatrice Gruendler (German spelling: Gründler) is a German Arabist, professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the Free University of Berlin and former president of the American Oriental Society. Her research has included studies on the history of the Arabic book, the connection between Arabic and premodern literatures in languages such as Hebrew, Syriac and Latin and the role of Arabic literature as a link between West Asia and Europe.

Gruendler has been honoured for her scholarship with the German Leibniz Prize and an honorary doctorate by Leiden University. In 2025, her work The Rise of the Arabic Book was shortlisted for the prestigious Sheikh Zayed Book Award.

In 2017, the German Research Foundation wrote that her "approach puts into practice in an exemplary way the encounters between Arabic and European knowledge traditions."

Sheikh Zayed Book Award
The Sheikh Zayed Book Award is a literary award presented yearly to  writers, intellectuals, publishers whose writings and scholarly publications contributed to Arab cultural, literary and social life. The award has been described as “the Arab World’s equivalent to the Nobel Prize”. The first award was in 2007. The total value of the prizes is DH 7,000,000 making it one of the richest literary awards in the world.

The award is named in memory of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the founding father of the United Arab Emirates.
1930 Waipawa by-election
The Waipawa by-election of 1930 was a by-election for the rural Hawke's Bay electorate of Waipawa held on 8 October of that year during the 23rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the death of the previous member George Hunter of the Reform Party on 20 August.

It was held on the same day as another by-election in Western Maori.

Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.
Colcock
Colcock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Colcock Jones Carpenter (1899–1969), D.D., LL.D, Bishop of the Alabama Episcopal Diocese

Charles J. Colcock (1820–1891), Confederate Colonel

Richard W. Colcock (born 1806), Superintendent of the Citadel, (Military College of South Carolina), 1844–1852

William F. Colcock (1804–1889), U.S. Representative from South Carolina

Charles Colcock Jones (1804–1863), Presbyterian clergyman, educator, missionary, planter of Liberty County, Georgia

Charles Carpenter (bishop)
Charles Colcock Jones Carpenter (September 2, 1899 – June 28, 1969) was consecrated a bishop of the Alabama Episcopal Diocese on June 24, 1938, and served until 1968. He was one of the authors of the "A Call for Unity" letter published during Martin Luther King Jr.'s incarceration in a Birmingham, Alabama jail, asking him and his “outsider” followers to refrain from demonstrating in the streets of Birmingham.
George Meredith (Tasmanian settler)
George Meredith (13 February 1777 – 1856) was the head of the Meredith family who, with the Amos family, were the first white settlers on the east coast of Tasmania. Meredith arrived in Hobart in 1821 and farmed near Swansea. He also had whaling stations in the area. Meredith's daughter Clara married Richard Dry, Tasmanian Premier and the first Australian to receive a knighthood. Meredith's son was the politician, Charles Meredith and Charles' wife was the artist and author, Louisa Anne Meredith. Meredith's grandson, Duncan Boyes won the Victoria Cross at Shimonoseki, Japan in 1865. A memorial to George Meredith can be found in All Saints churchyard, Swansea.

Duncan Gordon Boyes
Duncan Gordon Boyes VC (5 November 1846 – 26 January 1869) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. The award was bestowed upon him for his actions during the Shimonoseki Expedition, Japan in 1864. He was later discharged from naval service as a result of ill-discipline and moved to New Zealand to work on his family's sheep station. Suffering from depression and alcoholism, he committed suicide at the age of 22 in Dunedin.
Patrick Crarey II
Patrick E. Crarey II (born October 8, 1983) is an American basketball coach who is the current head coach of the Grambling State Tigers men's basketball team. He previously coached for the La Sierra Golden Eagles, at Takoma Academy, for the Washington Adventist Shock, St. Thomas Bobcats and for Florida A&M

Grambling State Tigers men's basketball
The Grambling State Tigers men's basketball team represents Grambling State University in Grambling, Louisiana.  The school's team currently competes in the Southwestern Athletic Conference. They currently play their home games at the Fredrick C. Hobdy Assembly Center. They made their first ever appearance to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2024.
Heike Fassbender
Heike Fassbender is a German mathematician specializing in numerical linear algebra. She is a professor in the Institute for Computational Mathematics at the Technical University of Braunschweig, and the president for the 2017–2019 term of the Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (GAMM, the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics).

TU Braunschweig
TU Braunschweig (German: Technische Universität Braunschweig) is the oldest technical university in Germany. It was founded in 1745 as Collegium Carolinum. It is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the most renowned German institutes of technology. It is commonly ranked among the top engineering universities in Germany.

TU Braunschweig's research profile is very interdisciplinary, but with a focus on aeronautics, vehicle engineering including autonomous driving and electric mobility, manufacturing, life sciences, and metrology. Research is conducted in close collaboration with external organizations such as the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, several Fraunhofer Institutes, and Germany's national metrology institute (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, PTB), among many others. As one of very few research institutions of its type in the world, the university has its own research airport.
Ilim
The Ilim (Russian: Илим) is a river in Irkutsk Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Angara. It flows north between and parallel to the rivers Angara and Lena, and then swings west to join the Angara 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Ust-Ilimsk.

Irkutsk Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast (Russian: Ирку́тская о́бласть, romanized: Irkutskaya oblastʹ; Buryat: Эрхүү можо, romanized: Erhüü možo) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of the Angara, Lena, and Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers. The administrative center is the city of Irkutsk. It had a population of 2,370,102 at the 2021 Census.
2018 Emir of Qatar Cup
The 2018 Emir of Qatar Cup was the 46th edition of the Qatari cup tournament in men's football. It was played by the first and second level divisions of the Qatari football league structure. The cup winner is guaranteed a place in the 2019 AFC Champions league.

The draw of the tournament was held on 11 April 2018.

Note: all matches in Qatar time (GMT+3).

Al-Rayyan SC
Al-Rayyan Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الريان الرياضي) is a Qatari multi-sports club fielding teams in a number of sports such as football, futsal, basketball, volleyball, handball, athletics, table tennis, and swimming. It is based at the Ahmad bin Ali Stadium in Umm Al Afaei in the city of Al Rayyan. The club was founded in 1967 after merging the old Rayyan team with Nusoor Club. The official team colours are red and black.

They have won numerous titles in all sports, including two Asian championships in basketball, the Arab championship in handball, futsal domestic titles, table tennis, and volleyball, as well as numerous GCC basketball, handball, and volleyball championships. Both the basketball and handball teams have qualified for the world championships. However, the football team gets the most attention from the club officials, media, and fans.
RD-0236
The RD-0236 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-0236, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-0236, lit. 'Rocket Engine 0236', GRAU index: 15D114) is a vernier thruster engine for liquid-fueled rockets. It burns a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer in a gas generator cycle. It is used along the RD-0235 main engine on the UTTKh second stage, which was featured in the UR-100N ICBM as well as the Strela and Rokot launch vehicles derived from it. Its function is to supply thrust vector control by gimbaling each of its four nozzles in a plane. While the engine is out of production, the ICBM as well as  Strela remain operational as of 2015. The Rokot launch vehicle conducted its final launch before retirement in December 2019.

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (abbreviated as UDMH; also known as 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, heptyl or Geptil) is a chemical compound with the formula H2NN(CH3)2 that is primarily used as a rocket propellant. At room temperature, UDMH is a colorless liquid, with a sharp, fishy, ammonia-like smell typical of organic amines. Samples turn yellowish on exposure to air and absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is miscible with water, ethanol, and kerosene. At concentrations between 2.5% and 95% in air, its vapors are flammable. It is not sensitive to shock.

Symmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,2-dimethylhydrazine) also exists, but it is not as useful. UDMH can be oxidized in air to form many different substances, including toxic ones.
José María Beltrán
José María Beltrán Ausejo (3 June 1898 - 22 January 1962) was a prolific Spanish cinematographer who worked in Spanish, Argentine, Venezuelan and Brazilian cinema. He was involved in the cinematography of almost 80 films between 1925 and his death, and is best known for his work in Argentina in the 1940s and early 1950s.

He worked with director Francisco Múgica on a number of Argentine films including the 1942 film Adolescencia'. His photography for the 1951 film La Balandra Isabel llegó esta tarde won him significant recognition in Europe and he won best photography at the Cannes Film Festival of that year. In 1952 he worked on one of the most acclaimed films of that year Las Aguas Bajan Turbias (1952) which won the Silver Condor Award for Best Film in 1953. He died in Zaragoza.

Adolescencia
Adolescencia (English language: Adolescence) is a 1942 Argentine film of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema, directed by Francisco Múgica and written by Carlos A. Olivari. The film starred Pola Alonso and Ana Arneodo.
Brother Stephen Russell
Brother Stephen Russell (born Jim Russell, 25 December 1911, Thomastown, Kilmallock, County Limerick, Ireland –  11 May 1975) was a poet, comedian, Alexian Brother, Good Samaritan and carer of down and outs. Brother Russell House in Limerick is named after him in honour of his work with helping Limerick's homeless in the 1970s.

Kilmallock
Kilmallock (Irish: Cill Mocheallóg) is a town in south County Limerick, Ireland, near the border with County Cork, 30 km south of Limerick city. There is a Dominican Priory in the town and King's Castle (or King John's Castle). The remains of medieval walls which encircled the settlement are still visible.
2013 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2013 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the fifth official edition of the women's volleyball tournament, played by five teams from 1 – 5 May 2013 in Miraflores, Lima, Peru. Unilever qualified to the 2013 FIVB Women's Club World Championship.

Miraflores District, Lima
Miraflores (Spanish: [miɾaˈfloɾes]) is a district of Lima, Peru. A residential and upscale shopping district, it is one of the wealthiest districts that make up the city of Lima, located to the south of the city's historic downtown area, as well as one of its main tourist destinations. The area also hosts office buildings and flat-roofed multi-coloured housing.

It was first established as a district on January 2, 1857. As a result of the January 1881 Battle of Miraflores fought during the War of the Pacific, Miraflores is called Ciudad Heroica ("Heroic City").
Pierre Fourie
Pierre Jacy Fourie was a South African boxer. He was the undefeated middle and light heavyweight South African champion and held both titles at the same time. He retired from the ring in 1977. He died on 21 June 1980, at age 36 in a motor vehicle accident at Cecil Payne Park in Roodepoort South Africa.
He was the first white boxer in Apartheid South Africa to fight against a non-white opponent, American Bob Foster on 21 August 1973 in South Africa.

Cecil Payne Stadium
Cecil Payne Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Roodepoort, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is used mostly for football matches and was utilized as a training field for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after being brought up to FIFA standards.
Bandar Mahkota Cheras toll dispute
The Bandar Mahkota Cheras toll dispute occurred at a bypass road in the 11th mile of the Cheras–Kajang Expressway in the town of Bandar Mahkota Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia since October 2005, and more recently in a dramatic turn of events between April 2008 and early June 2008.

Cheras–Kajang Expressway
The Cheras–Kajang Expressway is an 11.5-kilometre (7.1-mile) controlled-access highway in the Klang Valley region of Peninsular Malaysia. It runs between the suburb of Cheras at the Kuala Lumpur–Selangor border and the township of Kajang in Selangor.
Ilovka, Belgorod Oblast
Ilovka (Russian: И́ловка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ilovskoye Rural Settlement, Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 352 as of 2010. There are 33 streets.

Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast
Alexeyevsky District (Russian: Алексе́евский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Alexeyevsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,765 square kilometers (681 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Alexeyevka (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 24,425 (2010 Census); 27,493 (2002 Census); 45,304 (1989 Soviet census).
Wakes week
The Wakes Week is a holiday period in parts of England. Originally a religious celebration or feast, the tradition of the Wakes Week developed into a secular holiday, particularly in North West England during the Industrial Revolution.

Although a strong tradition during the 19th and 20th centuries, the observance of the holiday has almost disappeared in recent times, due to the decline of the manufacturing industries in the United Kingdom and the standardisation of school holidays across England.

Deindustrialisation by country
Deindustrialisation refers to the process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial activity and employment in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry. Deindustrialisation is common to all mature Western economies, as international trade, social changes, and urbanisation have changed the financial demographics after World War II. Phenomena such as the mechanisation of labour render industrial societies obsolete, and lead to the de-establishment of industrial communities.
Conor Okus
Conor Ekundayo Okus (born 15 September 1991) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder.

Okus started his career at the age of ten as a youngster with West Ham United and signed a scholarship for the club in 2008. In 2010 Okus was released by West Ham and went on to sign a two-year professional contract with Dagenham & Redbridge. Okus spent time on loan at a number of Conference South teams including Thurrock, Havant & Waterlooville and helped Ebbsfleet United F.C gain promotion during a 3-month loan spell in the 2010–2011 season.

In March 2012 Okus left Dagenham & Redbridge by mutual consent. The following year Okus had a short stay at Isthmian League club Brentwood Town.

A move to the North East has seen Okus sign for Durham City in summer 2015 before moving on to sign for Washington.

Havant & Waterlooville F.C.
Havant & Waterlooville Football Club is a professional association football club based in Havant, Hampshire, England. The club participates in the Southern League Premier Division South, the seventh level of English football, after relegation from the National League South in the 2023–24 season. The club formed in 1998 after a merger between Havant Town and Waterlooville. Nicknamed "The Hawks", they play at Westleigh Park.
Plotnikov 1-y
Plotnikov 1-y (Russian: Плотников 1-й) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Plotnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Danilovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 809 as of 2010. There are 19 streets.

Danilovsky District, Volgograd Oblast
Danilovsky District (Russian: Дани́ловский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Danilovsky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,960.74 square kilometers (1,143.15 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Danilovka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 16,908, with the population of Danilovka accounting for 31.4% of that number.
How to Seduce Your Teacher
How to Seduce Your Teacher (Italian: La liceale seduce i professori, lit. 'The High School Girl Seduces the Teachers') is a 1979 commedia sexy all'italiana directed by Mariano Laurenti. It is the third instalment in the "Liceale" film series and was followed by La liceale, il diavolo e l'acquasanta. Gloria Guida, who plays the main role, is also the performer of two songs of the soundtrack, "Come vuoi... con chi vuoi" and "Stammi vicino".

Gloria Guida
Gloria Guida (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɡlɔːrja ˈɡwiːda]; born 19 November 1955)  is an Italian actress and model. She is best known for starring in commedia sexy all'italiana, particularly the La liceale series, and also in erotic coming-of-age-drama films in the mid-1970s.
John Harvey Baldwin
John Harvey Baldwin (April 4, 1851 – June 19, 1924) was an American lawyer and politician.

Baldwin was born in Jonesborn, Grant County, Indiana and went to Spiceland Academy in Spiceland, Indiana. He was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1876 and practiced law in Grant County, Indiana. In 1882, Baldwin moved to Hand County, Dakota Territory and continued to practice law. He served as the South Dakota State Water Engineer for four years. In 1900, Baldwin moved to Frazee, Becker County, Minnesota and continued to practice law. He served in the Minnesota Senate, from 1915 to 1922, and was a Republican.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Sefwi-Wiawso (Ghana parliament constituency)
Sefwi-Wiawso is a parliamentary constituency in the Western North Region of Ghana. The member of parliament for the constituency is Kwaku Afriyie, who was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) in the 2016 elections.

Western North Region
The Western North region is one of the six new regions of Ghana created in 2019. The region is bounded by the Ivory Coast (Comoé District) on the west, the Central region in the southeast, and the Ashanti, Ahafo, Bono East and Bono regions in the north. The Western North region has the highest rainfall in Ghana, lush green hills, and fertile soils. There are numerous small and large-scale gold mines companies in the region. The ethnic culture of the region is dominated by the Sefwis. The main languages spoken are Sefwi, Akan, French and English.