hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicomedia
Nicomedia (/ˌnɪkəˈmiːdiə/; Greek: Νικομήδεια, Nikomedeia; modern İzmit) was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey. In 286 AD, Nicomedia became the eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman Empire (chosen by the emperor Diocletian who ruled in the east), a status which the city maintained during the Tetrarchy system (293–324 AD).

The Tetrarchy ended with the Battle of Chrysopolis (Üsküdar) in 324 AD, when the western Roman emperor Constantine the Great defeated Licinius and became the sole emperor. In 330 AD, Constantine chose for himself the nearby Byzantium (which was renamed Constantinople, modern Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman Empire.

The city was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the victory of Sultan Orhan Gazi against the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines managed to retake it in the aftermath of the Battle of Ankara, but it fell definitively to the Ottomans in 1419 AD.

Battle of Ankara
The Battle of Ankara or Angora (Ottoman Turkish: آنقره محاربه‌سی, romanized: Anḳara Muḥârebesi) was fought on 28 July 1402, at the Çubuk plain near Ankara, between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the emir of the Timurid Empire, Timur. The battle was a major victory for Timur, and it led to the Ottoman Interregnum.
Ploujean
Ploujean is a former commune of Finistère which is part of Morlaix since February 1959.

The church was built in the 15th century. It has been listed as a Monument historique since 1914 by the French Ministry of Culture, and its organ, built by Thomas Dallam II in the 17th century, has been listed since 1992.

It is the birthplace of the Breton poets Tristan Corbière and Olivier Souvestre (1835–1871). It is also the place where Gabriel Pierné died in 1937.

The population was 3,142 at the 1954 census.

Morlaix's airport, in Ploujean, is Morlaix – Ploujean Airport. Brit Air, a regional airline and Air France subsidiary, was headquartered by the airport in Ploujean. In 2013 the airline merged into HOP!.

Finistère
Finistère (/ˌfɪnɪˈstɛər/; French: [finistɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Penn-ar-Bed [ˌpɛnarˈbeːt]) is a department of France in the extreme west of Brittany. Its prefecture is Quimper and its largest city is Brest. In 2019, it had a population of 915,090.
XIM University
XIM University is a Jesuit, Catholic university located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It was authorized by the Odisha Legislative Assembly in 2013 making it the first Jesuit university in India. Drawing its legacy from Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar(XIMB), founded by the Jesuits in 1987, the university was facilitated by the Government of Odisha in 2013 and went on to be called XIM University with XIMB now being a constituent school offering only MBA-BM through XIM University. The other XIMB courses like HRM and RM are now continued by separate schools under XIM University. The sprawling XIM University campus is situated at Sundarpada Jatani road near Jatani town in the outskirts of Bhubaneswar. The Jesuits have more than 50 colleges and several hundred educational institutes in India but this is the first university they have founded in the country.

With support from Hewlett Packard and IBM, XIM University sees itself as the first fully digitized university in India.

Jatani
Jatani, also spelled as Jatni, is a town in the Indian state of Odisha. It is also a municipality in Khordha district in Odisha.

Jatani is famous for its celebration of the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi.
Benoit Crutzen
Benoît S. Y. Crutzen (born October 2, 1972) is a Belgian economist who currently holds the position of Assistant Professor of the Department of Economics at the Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR). His research interest focuses on political economy.

Erasmus University Rotterdam
Erasmus University Rotterdam (Dutch: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam [eːˈrɑsmʏs ynivɛrsiˈtɛit rɔtərˈdɑm]; abbreviated as EUR) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian.

Erasmus MC, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands.
Hungary at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Hungary competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. The nation returned after the Soviet bloc boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics. 188 competitors, 152 men and 36 women, took part in 135 events in 20 sports.

Tamás Darnyi
Tamás Darnyi (born 3 June 1967 in Budapest) is a Hungarian retired male swimmer. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest medley swimmers in history. He won four gold medals at two Olympic Games (1988 and 1992) and was unbeaten in the individual medley events from 1985 until his retirement in 1993. He is the first swimmer ever to swim the 200 m medley (long course) in less than 2 minutes.
Selvatelle
Selvatelle is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Terricciola, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 924.

Selvatelle is about 40 km from Pisa and 5 km from Terricciola.

Province of Pisa
The province of Pisa (Italian: provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2,448 square kilometres (945 mi2) and a total population of 421,642 (As of 2014), it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni (sg.: comune).

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.
2011 North District Council election
The 2011 North District Council election was held on 6 November 2011 to elect all 17 elected members to the 24-member District Council. The Beijing loyalist party Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) won the majority of the seats by claiming 14 seats, while the Democratic Party, the pan-democrat flagship party, lost 3 seats and retained only one seat in Luen Wo Hui.

Luen Wo Hui (constituency)
Luen Wo Hui is one of the 17 constituencies in the North District, Hong Kong.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the North District Council, with an election every four years. The seat is held by Chow Kam Ho of Luen Wo United as of 2021.

Luen Wo Hui constituency is loosely based on area of Luen Wo Hui, including Grand Regentville, Regentville, Wing Fai Centre, Wing Fok Centre and Fanling Garden in Fanling with estimated population of 20,753.
Lucie Aubrac
Lucie Samuel (née Bernard; 29 June 1912 – 14 March 2007), known as Lucie Aubrac (French: [lysi obʁak] ⓘ), was a member of the French Resistance in World War II. A history teacher by occupation, she earned a history agrégation in 1938, a highly uncommon achievement for a woman at that time. In 1939 she married Raymond Samuel, who took the name Aubrac in the Resistance. She was active on a number of operations, including prison breakouts. Like her husband, she was a communist militant, which she remained after the war. She sat in the Provisional Consultative Assembly in Paris from 1944 to 1945.

Her life was depicted in the 1997 film Lucie Aubrac by Claude Berri. The Paris Métro station Bagneux–Lucie Aubrac is named after her.

Agrégation
In France, the agrégation (French pronunciation: [aɡʁeɡasjɔ̃] ⓘ) is the most competitive and prestigious examination for civil service in the French public education system. Successful candidates become professeurs agrégés ([pʁɔfesœʁ(z‿)aɡʁeʒe]) and are usually appointed as teachers in secondary schools or preparatory classes, or as lecturers in universities.
Bobby Molloy
Robert Molloy (9 July 1936 – 2 October 2016) was an Irish politician who served as Minister of State for Housing and Urban Renewal and Minister of State to the Government from 1997 to 2002, Minister for Energy from 1989 to 1992, Minister for Defence from 1977 to 1979, Minister for Local Government from 1970 to 1973, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Education from 1969 to 1970 and Mayor of Galway from 1968 to 1969. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway West constituency from 1965 to 2002.

Minister of State at the Department of Education and Youth
The Minister of State at the Department of Education and Youth is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Education and Youth of the Government of Ireland who performs duties and functions delegated by the Minister for Education and Youth. A minister of state does not hold cabinet rank.

There is currently one Minister of State:

Michael Moynihan, TD – Minister of State with responsibility for special education and inclusion
Cho Young-jae
Cho Young-jae (Korean: 조영재; born 10 January 1985) is a South Korean ice sledge hockey player. He played in the 2010 and 2014 Paralympic Winter Games. He won a silver medal at the 2012 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships. Cho was a member of South Korea's bronze medal winning team in para ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.

2012 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships
The 2012 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships was the sixth IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships that took place in the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre in Hamar, Norway from March 24, 2012, to April 1, 2012. It was the first time that Norway hosted the IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships. In the final, the United States defeated Korea 5–1, to win their second title since 2009.
The Live Tapes Vol. 4
The Live Tapes Vol. 4, or more fully The Live Tapes Vol 4: The Last Stand of the Sydney Entertainment Centre, December 17 & 18, 2015, is a live album by Australian rock band Cold Chisel. It was recorded at the Sydney Entertainment Centre on 17 and 18 December 2015, which ended the group's One Night Stand tour of Australia. The band dubbed these performances "The Last Stand" of the venue, prior to its demolition. Upon announcement of the two shows, over 20,000 tickets were sold in 10 minutes. The album was launched on the grass of Hobart's Wrest Point Hotel Casino on 22 November. The Live Tapes Vol. 4 was released in various formats on 10 November 2017 as the fourth of a five-part series of live recordings unearthed from Cold Chisel's own archives. It reached No. 9 on the ARIA Albums chart.

Wrest Point Hotel Casino
The Wrest Point Hotel Casino is a casino in Tasmania. It was Australia's first legal casino, opening in the suburb of Sandy Bay in Hobart, on 10 February 1973.
The hotel tower is the tallest building in Hobart as well as Tasmania.
Gejza Pulen
Gejza Pulen (born 19 May 1979 in Rožňava) is a Slovak former football goalkeeper who played most of his career in leading clubs across eastern Slovakia. His first notable career stop was in 2. Liga playing for Slovmag Jelšava.

Rožňava
Rožňava (Hungarian: Rozsnyó, German: Rosenau, Latin: Rosnavia) is a town in Slovakia, approximately 71 kilometres (44 miles) by road from Košice in the Košice Region, and has a population of 19,182.

The town is an economic and tourist centre of the Gemer. Rožňava is now a popular tourist attraction with a beautiful historic town centre. The town is an episcopal seat. It has above all food, textile and remnants of mining industries.
Caloosahatchee National Wildlife Refuge
The Caloosahatchee National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge System, located on the Caloosahatchee River, beneath the I-75 Caloosahatchee Bridge, within the city of North Fort Myers. The 40-acre (160,000 m2) refuge was established on January 1, 1921. It is administered as part of the J. N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge Complex.

Caloosahatchee River
The Caloosahatchee River is a river on the southwest Gulf Coast of Florida in the United States, approximately 67 miles (108 km) long. It drains rural areas on the northern edge of the Everglades, east of Fort Myers.  An important link in the Okeechobee Waterway, a manmade inland waterway system of southern Florida, the river forms a tidal estuary along most of its course and has become the subject of efforts to restore and preserve the Everglades.
Men in Love (film)
Men in Love is a 2010 direct-to-video Nigerian drama film directed by Moses Ebere and starring Tonto Dike, John Dumelo and Halima Abubakar. The film tells a story of how a couple experiencing troubles in their marriage has their situation worsened when a cursed homosexual friend visits them.

The film is in two parts. The first part tells a story of how a previously promiscuous husband (Charles) became the love interest of his obsessive homosexual friend (Alex). Further, it establishes that despite his refusing the advances of his gay friend, Alex persisted and eventually raped his friend. The second part of the film explored what led to the homosexuality.

Nollywood Reinvented
Nollywood Reinvented, also known simply as NR, is a Nigerian movie review website launched in 2011 by founder, Oge Ngonadi. It also provides information about films, actors, producers and other film people. It is one of the first review platforms dedicated to Nollywood. The website provides two major categories of movie reviews (cinematic reviews and home video reviews) as well as TV show reviews and ratings.
2014 in sumo
2014 in sumo saw the traditional six major tournaments or basho held in January, March, May, July, September and November as usual. The yokozuna Hakuhō won five of the six tournaments taking his total of yūshō to 32 to equal the record of Taihō. Kakuryū's victory in March saw him promoted to become the sport's 71st yokozuna. Consistent performances at the rank of sekiwake saw Gōeidō being promoted to ōzeki for the September tournament. The most notable retirement was that of the former ōzeki Kotoōshū.

Meiji Shrine
Meiji Shrine (明治神宮, Meiji Jingū) is a Shinto shrine in Shibuya, Tokyo, that is dedicated to the deified spirits of Emperor Meiji and his wife, Empress Shōken. The shrine does not contain the emperor's grave, which is located at Fushimi-momoyama, south of Kyoto.
Andrew Huang (hacker)
Andrew "bunnie" Huang (born 1975) is an American researcher and hacker, who holds a Ph.D in electrical engineering from MIT and is the author of the freely available 2003 book Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering. As of 2012 he resides in Singapore. Huang is a member of the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, and a resident advisor and mentor to hardware startups at HAX, an early stage hardware accelerator and venture capital firm.

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
Colby-Jack
Colby-Jack, or Co-jack/Cojack, is an American marble cheese made from Colby and Monterey Jack. It is classified as semi-hard in texture and is mild due to its two-week aging process. It is generally sold in a full-moon or a half-moon shape when it is young. The flavor of Colby-Jack is mild to mellow. Colby-Jack cheese is mainly produced in the states of Wisconsin and California. It is used in various dishes or as a topping to be melted. These dishes include burgers, pasta bakes, macaroni and cheese, and casseroles, among others.

Macaroni and cheese
Macaroni and cheese (colloquially known as mac and cheese and known as macaroni cheese in the United Kingdom) is a pasta dish of macaroni covered in cheese sauce, most commonly cheddar sauce. Its origins trace back to cheese and pasta casseroles in medieval England. The traditional macaroni and cheese is put in a casserole dish and baked in the oven; however, it may be prepared in a sauce pan on top of the stove, sometimes using a packaged mix such as became popular in the mid-20th century. The cheese is often included as a Mornay sauce added to the pasta. It has been described as "comfort food".
1995–96 Israel State Cup
The 1995–96 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 57th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 42nd after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

The competition was won by Maccabi Tel Aviv who had beaten Ironi Rishon LeZion 4–1 in the final.

As Maccabi Tel Aviv won the double, Ironi Rishon LeZion qualified to the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, entering in the qualifying round.

1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
The 1996–97 season of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was won by Barcelona after beating holders Paris Saint-Germain in the final. It was the last of four occasions that the Spanish club won the tournament.

All times are CET/CEST.
Josh Bartelstein
Josh Bartelstein (born July 17, 1989) is an American basketball executive and former college basketball player who is currently the CEO of the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Phoenix Mercury of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and the Footprint Center.

Prior to his ascension to his current position, he spent 7 and a half years in various roles for the Detroit Pistons of the NBA.  He played college basketball for Michigan as a walk-on and was a 3x Academic All-Big Ten honoree. He served as captain of the national runner-up 2012–13 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team. He was a two-year starter at Highland Park High School before spending a post-graduate season playing for Phillips Exeter Academy where he set a couple of school records.

He is the son of NBA and National Football League (NFL) sports agent Mark Bartelstein of Priority Sports and Entertainment.

Walk-on (sports)
In American and Canadian college athletics, a walk-on is someone who becomes part of a college team without being recruited or awarded an athletic scholarship. Walk-on players are generally viewed as less significant compared to the scholarship players, and may not even be placed on an official depth chart or traveling team. However, a walk-on player occasionally becomes a noted member of the team.
Benkei tai Ushiwaka
Benkei tai Ushiwaka (べんけい対ウシワカ, trans. Benkei and Ushiwaka) is a 1939 Japanese short anime film made by Kenzō Masaoka. It is based on the legendary encounter between Saitō Musashibō Benkei, who was collecting swords for the Buddha, and Minamoto no Yoshitsune, who was called Ushiwaka in his youth. After training under the tengu of Mt. Kurama, Ushiwaka foils Benkei's attempt to take his sword in a battle on Gojo Bridge in Kyoto and makes Benkei his vassal. Masaoka was known for helping introduce sound and cel animation to anime, and here he tried the American practice of animating after recording some of the sound (instead of dubbing after the animation was finished). Masaoka did the voice of Benkei, and his wife Ushiwaka.

Traditional animation
Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century in the United States until there was a shift to computer animation in the industry, such as 3D computer animation. Despite this, the process remains commonly used primarily in the form of digital ink and paint for television and film, especially when outsourced.
Gouldsboro State Park
Gouldsboro State Park is a 2,880-acre (1,165 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Coolbaugh Township, Monroe County and Lehigh Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park includes the 250-acre (100 ha) Gouldsboro Lake. Gouldsboro State Park is located very close to Tobyhanna State Park and Pennsylvania State Game Lands 127 and 312. It is on Pennsylvania Route 507 near the small village of Gouldsboro.

Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission is an independent state agency responsible for the regulation of all fishing and boating in the state of Pennsylvania within the United States of America.  Unlike many U.S. states, Pennsylvania has a separate Game Commission.

Its mission is: to protect, conserve, and enhance the Commonwealth's aquatic resources and provide fishing and boating opportunities.
Asia Muhammad
Asia Muhammad (born April 4, 1991) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has been ranked as high as world No. 8 in doubles by the WTA, achieved on March 17, 2025.
Muhammad has won 13 doubles titles on the WTA Tour including the 2024 Cincinnati WTA 1000 title with Erin Routliffe and the 2025 Indian Wells with Demi Schuurs.

She also reached the finals in 2022 Indian Wells with Ena Shibahara and in 2024 Wuhan with Jessica Pegula. In addition, Muhammad has won five doubles titles on the Challenger Tour and 35 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. In singles she has a career-high No. 124, achieved on April 24, 2017 and has won 14 ITF singles titles.

Erin Routliffe
Erin Hope Routliffe (born 11 April 1995) is a professional tennis player from New Zealand who specializes in doubles and previously represented Canada. She has won two major doubles titles at the 2023 and 2025 US Open, partnering with Gabriela Dabrowski, thus becoming the second Kiwi woman to win a major in the Open Era, after 1979 Australian Open women's doubles champion, Judy Connor.

Routliffe is a former world No. 1 in doubles, first achieving the feat on 15 July 2024. She and Dabrowski won the doubles title at the 2024 WTA Finals. Routliffe has won 12 WTA Tour doubles titles and represented New Zealand in the BJK Cup and at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Hoklo Americans
Hokkien, Hoklo (Holo), and Minnan people are found in the United States. The Hoklo people are a Han Chinese subgroup with ancestral roots in Southern Fujian and Eastern Guangdong, particularly around the modern prefecture-level cities of Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, and Xiamen, along with the region of Chaoshan and Hailufeng. They are also known by various endonyms (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-ló-lâng / Hō-ló-lâng / Ho̍h-ló-lâng / Hô-ló-lâng), or other related terms such as Fujianese people, Hoklo people (河洛儂), Banlam (Minnan) people (閩南儂; Bân-lâm-lâng), Hokkien people (福建儂; Hok-kiàn-lâng) or Teochew people (潮州人;Tiê-tsiu-lâng). These people usually also have roots in the Hokkien diaspora in Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia.

Han Chinese subgroups
The Han Chinese people can be defined into subgroups based on linguistic, cultural, ethnic, genetic, and regional features. The groups are termed minxi (Chinese: 民系; pinyin: mínxì; Wade–Giles: min2 hsi4; lit. 'ethnic lineages', pronounced [mǐnɕî]) in mainland China and zuqun (Chinese: 族群; pinyin: zúqún; Wade–Giles: tzu2 ch'ün; lit. 'ethnic groups', pronounced [tsǔtɕʰy̌n]) in Taiwan. While the Chinese government recognizes 56 official ethnic groups, it does not recognize Han subgroups. Taiwan recognizes three subgroups: the Hakka, Hoklo, and Waishengren.