hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reification (statistics)
In statistics, reification is the use of an idealized model of a statistical process. The model is then used to make inferences connecting model results, which imperfectly represent the actual process, with experimental observations.

Also, a process whereby model-derived quantities such as principal components, factors  and latent variables are identified, named and treated as if they were directly measurable quantities.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
SRT (train)
The SRT is a high-speed rail service in South Korea operated by SR Corporation. The service starts at Suseo station in southeast Seoul and terminates at either Busan station or Mokpo station.

Around 86% of the train service runs 50 meters underground between Suseo and Cheonan-Asan stations. Dongtan station, the first station after departing from Suseo, is the first underground high-speed railway station in Korea. The SRT runs the Seoul–Busan route 8 minutes faster than KTX as it travels exclusively on dedicated Suseo–Pyeongtaek, Gyeongbu and Honam HSR lines. The Suseo-Pyeongtaek HSR line was built exclusively for this service.

Mokpo station
Mokpo station is a station on the Honam Line in Mokpo, South Jeolla Province. It is the westernmost railway station in South Korea. This station is the last stop on the Honam Line. Being located in the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula, it is used by customers who visit Jeju Island, Heuksan Island, and Hong Island in connection with KTX.
United Arab Emirates war crimes
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) war crimes are violations of international criminal law (including war crimes, crime against humanity and complicity in torture) which the Emirates has committed or is accused of committing, primarily in Yemen, Libya, and Syria. These accusations include arbitrary detention, torture, enforced disappearances, and cruel and inhuman treatment. Additionally, the Emirates has been complicit in civil wars by acting as a conduit for arms and supporting abusive local militias.

International criminal law
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.

Classical international law governs the relationships, rights, and responsibilities of states. After World War II, the Charter of the International Military Tribunal and the following Nuremberg trial revolutionized international law by applying its prohibitions directly to individuals, in this case the defeated leaders of Nazi Germany, thus inventing international criminal law. After being dormant for decades, international criminal law was revived in the 1990s to address the war crimes in the Yugoslav Wars and the Rwandan genocide, leading to the establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court in 2001.
2015 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 2015 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 4 October 2015. It was the 94th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

The winner was Anthony Oppenheimer's Golden Horn, a three-year-old colt trained in England by John Gosden and ridden by Frankie Dettori. Golden Horn's victory was the first in the race for his owner and trainer and was a record-equaling fourth success for Dettori. Golden Horn became the seventh winner of the Epsom Derby to win the Arc, following Sea Bird, Mill Reef, Lammtarra, Sinndar, Sea the Stars and Workforce.

John Gosden
John Harry Martin Gosden OBE (born 30 March 1951) is a British racehorse trainer. He has trained over 3,000 winners worldwide, including victories in the Breeders' Cup Classic, the Derby, the Arc, the King George and the Eclipse. He’s won over 600 races in the United States.

Gosden has trained the winners of over 100 Group 1 races in the United States, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. He is generally considered one of the finest and most successful turf racehorse trainers of his generation. His reputation for honesty and openness has led him to be called "one of the sport's great communicators".

He trains at Clarehaven Stables in Newmarket, England.
Stephen Krecklo
Stephen Krecklo is a Canadian musician. He is most noted as a two-time Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Original Score, receiving nods at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards in 2020 for James vs. His Future Self and at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022 for Between Waves.

His other credits have included the films The Go-Getters, Queen of the Morning Calm and Daniel's Gotta Die. He is usually, but not always, credited in collaboration with Ian LeFeuvre.

He was previously a member of the indie rock band The Carnations, and has also performed in Small Sins with his former Carnations bandmate Thomas D'Arcy.

Daniel's Gotta Die
Daniel's Gotta Die is a 2022 Canadian comedy thriller film directed by Jeremy LaLonde and written by Matthew Dressel. The film stars Joel David Moore, Jason Jones, Mary Lynn Rajskub, Carly Chaikin, Chantel Riley, Iggy Pop, and Bob Saget. It is Saget's final film, released posthumously.
Potskhoetseri
Potskhetseri (Georgian ფოცხოეწერი) is a village near the Enguri Dam in the Tsalenjikha Municipality of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of western Georgia. It previously had an aerial lift to bring workers up to the dam. Situated 22 km east of the city Tsalenjikha.

Enguri Dam
The Enguri Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Enguri River in Tsalenjikha, Georgia. Currently, it is the world's second highest concrete arch dam, with a height of 271.5 metres (891 ft). It is located north of the town of Jvari. It is part of the Enguri hydroelectric power station (HES) which is partially located in Abkhazia.
Takam Sanjoy
Takam Sanjoy (born 15 May 1967) is an Indian politician and Member of Parliament belonging to the Indian National Congress. In the 2009 general election he was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Arunachal West constituency of Arunachal Pradesh.

He also served as the President of the Arunachal Pradesh Football Association till 2019.

Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency
Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency is one of the two Lok Sabha (lower house of the Indian Parliament) constituencies in Arunachal Pradesh state in northeastern India. This constituency covers the entire Tawang, West Kameng, East Kameng, Papum Pare, Lower Subansiri, Kurung Kumey, Upper Subansiri and West Siang districts.
Bille (given name)
Bille is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Bille August (born 1948), Danish film and television director

Bille Eltringham, British film and television director

Bille Woodruff, American music and film director

Nicki Bille Nielsen (born 1988), Danish footballer

Billie Eilish (born 2001), American singer/writer

Bille can also be used as an abbreviation (nickname) of the name Sibylle (given female name).

Bille Eltringham
Bille Eltringham (sometimes mis-spelt 'Billie') is a British film and television director. She is a graduate of Bournemouth Film School.

Her most recent film is Mrs Ratcliffe's Revolution (2007). She co-directed The Darkest Light (1999) with Simon Beaufoy, and directed This Is Not a Love Song (2002), the first film to be simultaneously streamed on the Internet with its cinema premiere.

TV work includes directing the critically acclaimed BBC drama, The Long Firm (2004); directing an episode of The L Word ("Lost Weekend", 2006); directing two episodes of the BBC series Ashes to Ashes (2007) and two episodes of the ITV series Lewis (2009 and 2010). Earlier TV work includes Kid in the Corner (1999) and Physics for Fish (1993).

Short films include Lune (1993) and Yellow (1996).

She worked as a boatswain on square rigged tall ships and as a dresser and prop builder in the theatre.

Eltringham lives in London on a boat called Zebullon.
Bond baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Bond, such as the Baronetage of England.

The Bond Baronetcy, of Peckham in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of England on 9 October 1658 for Thomas Bond, Comptroller of the Household of Queen Henrietta Maria. The 2nd Baronet represented Portarlington in the Irish House of Commons. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1767 until 2025 when Kian bond became the fifth baronet.

The Bond Baronetcy, of Coolamber in the County of Longford, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 21 January 1794 for James Bond, who represented Naas in the Irish House of Commons. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1823.

Portarlington (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
Portarlington was a parliamentary borough partly in King's County (in the twentieth century renamed County Offaly) but mostly in Queen's County (now County Laois). It returned two members to the Parliament of Ireland, from 1692 until the Union of Ireland and Great Britain on 1 January 1801.
Jess Lapid Jr.
Jesse Lloyd Flake Lapid (born March 22, 1962), commonly known as Jess Lapid Jr., is a film and television actor, film and fight director, scuba course director of CMAS Philippines, and underwater director of photography.

More popularly known for his movie screen name Jess Lapid Jr., he is the son of actor Jess Lapid Sr. and Bella Flake-Lapid.

Marinara (TV series)
Marinara is a 2004 Philippine television drama fantasy comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Enrico Quizon and Soxy Topacio, it stars Rufa Mae Quinto in the title role. It premiered on June 21, 2004 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on October 1, 2004 with a total of 75 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.
New World Records
New World Records is a record label that was established in 1975 through a Rockefeller Foundation grant to celebrate America's bicentennial (1976) by producing a 100-LP anthology, with American music from many genres.

In addition to this project, after 1978 New World produced new jazz by Roy Eldridge, Ricky Ford, Earl Hines, Steve Kuhn, Jay McShann, Jimmy Rushing, Buddy Tate, and Cecil Taylor.

New World has released over 400 albums by a variety of artists with diverse musical backgrounds, including jazz, classical music, experimental, popular song, and traditional music. Notable releases in the label's catalogue include the Grammy Award-winning releases of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra in 1984; Leonard Bernstein's operetta Candide in 1986; and Ned Rorem's String Symphony/Sunday Morning/Eagles in 1989.

New World's CRI and CRL catalog was transferred to the digital domain by George Blood Audio and Video of Philadelphia from 2006 to 2010.

Jay McShann
James Columbus "Jay" McShann (January 12, 1916 – December 7, 2006) was an American jazz pianist, vocalist, composer, and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Walter Brown, and Ben Webster.
2010–2012 La Niña event
The 2010–2012 La Niña event was one of the strongest on record. It caused Australia to experience its wettest September on record in 2010, and its fourth-wettest year on record in 2010. It also led to an unusual intensification of the Leeuwin Current, the 2010 Pakistan floods, the 2010–2011 Queensland floods, and the 2011 East Africa drought. It also helped keep the average global temperature below recent trends, leading to 2011 tying with 1997 for the 14th-warmest year on record.
This La Niña event also led to above-average tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic Ocean during the 2010, 2011, and 2012 hurricane seasons, while the Eastern and Western Pacific experienced record low activity in 2010 and below average activity in 2011.

Leeuwin Current
The Leeuwin Current is a warm ocean current which flows southwards near the western coast of Australia. It rounds Cape Leeuwin to enter the waters south of Australia where its influence extends as far as Tasmania.
Ekta Bhyan
Ekta Bhyan (born 7 June 1985) is an Indian para club thrower who competes in the F51 event. She is a former World and Asian Para Games champion, having won gold in the women's club throw F51 event at the 2024 World Championships and the 2018 Asian Para Games. She has also represented India at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, where she finished sixth in the same event.

World Para Athletics Championships
The World Para Athletics Championships, known as the IPC Athletics World Championships prior to 2017, are a biennial Paralympic athletics event organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). It features athletics events contested by athletes with physical disabilities. The first IPC Athletics World Championships were held in Berlin, Germany in 1994.

They are a Paralympic parallel to the World Athletics Championships for able-bodied athletes. Since 2011, when they switched from a quadrennial scheduling to biennial, the IPC championships have been held in the same years as the IAAF championships, although they are separate events and are not necessarily held in the same host city. In 2017, London, which previously hosted the 2012 Summer Paralympics, became the first city to host both the IAAF World Championships and World Para Athletics Championships in the same year and as connected events.
Dilhorne
Dilhorne is an ancient parish and village in Staffordshire, three miles from Cheadle and six miles from Stoke-on-Trent. The village is within the Staffordshire Moorlands area.

Historically the village has been in the Parish of Dilhorne and the ancient Hundred of Totmonslow.

Cheadle, Staffordshire
Cheadle is a market town and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands District of Staffordshire, England. It is located between Uttoxeter, Leek, Ashbourne and Stoke-on-Trent. Dating back to Anglo-Saxon times, it lies within the historic Staffordshire Hundred of Totmonslow. In 2011 the parish had a population of 12,165.
Ikwo (local government)
Ikwo Listenⓘ is the largest Local Government Area in Ebonyi State. It is situated on the eastern part of the state. The city and local government area  has a land mass of approximately 500 square kilometers and shares a border with Abakaliki, Izzi and Ezza Local Government Areas as well as Cross River State. It is the home land of a former Governor of the state Chief Martin Elechi. Ikwo is the home to Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo (FUNAI)  One of the Universities established by president Goodluck Jonathan. Ikwo also plays host to Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo at Ndufu Echara.

The local government headquarters is at Onu-Ebonyi Echara.

Ikwo have boundary with Cross River State

The Ikwo version of igbo language is generally spoken.

Ezaa people
Ezaa or Ezza Listenⓘ is a northeastern Igbo group, in Ebonyi State, southeastern Nigeria. The Ezaa are direct descendants of Anakiwha ancestors ,  the progenitor of Umuekumeyi which comprises Nnoyo,  Nnodo and Ezekuna respectively. Ezekuna and his wife, Anyigo are known as the parents of the Ezza culture  . They are therefore, often referred to as Ezaa Ezekuna , reference to Ezekuna contribution in cultural reformation earned him the title “father of Ezza nation “. The group is found in Ebonyi South, They also have many populations in some LGA's across the Ebonyi North
HD 179949
HD 179949 is a 6th magnitude star in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is a yellow-white dwarf (spectral class F8 V), a type of star hotter and more luminous than the Sun. The star is located about 90 light-years from Earth and might be visible under exceptionally good conditions to an experienced observer without technical aid; usually binoculars are needed.

The star HD 179949 is named Gumala. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Brunei, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Gumala is a Malay word, which means a magic bezoar stone found in snakes, dragons, etc.

NameExoWorlds
NameExoWorlds (also known as IAU NameExoWorlds) were various projects managed by the International Astronomical Union (I.A.U.) to encourage names to be submitted for astronomical objects, notably exoplanets. The accepted names would later be considered for official adoption by the organization.
Field hockey at the 2017 SEA Games
The field hockey competitions at the 2017 SEA Games in Kuala Lumpur will take place at National Hockey Stadium in Bukit Jalil.

The 2017 Games feature competitions in two events (one event for each gender).

Malaysia at the 2017 SEA Games
Malaysia participated in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games from 14 to 30 August 2017 as the host nation of the 29th edition of the Games. The Malaysian contingent was represented by 844 athletes consisting of 469 men and 375 women.

The Malaysian contingent became overall Southeast Asian Games champion for only the second time ever in the history of the games amassing a total of 145 gold medals more than the targeted figure of 111 gold medals.
European Network of Picturebook Research
The European Network of Picturebook Research is a pioneering network of European-based scholars researching picture books from around the world.

The Network was founded in Barcelona in 2007, at the suggestion of Bettina Kümmerling-Meibauer. Its core group includes children's literature scholars Evelyn Arizpe, Teresa Colomer, Elina Druker, Bettina Kümmerling-Meibauer, Maria Nikolajeva, and Cecilia Silva-Díaz. Since 2007, it has held a biannual international conference.

Publications:

Ricerche Di Pedagogia E Didattica. Journal of Theories and Research in Education, 14(2) (2019) Special Issue: Home, Lived-In Spaces and Childhood in European Picturebooks from 1945 to the Present Day

Maria Nikolajeva
Maria Nikolajeva (born 16 May 1952) is a Swedish literary critic and academic, specialising in children's literature. She was professor of Education at the University of Cambridge and Professorial Fellow of Homerton College, Cambridge from 2008 until her retirement in July 2020. She was also Director of Cambridge's Centre for Children's Literature from 2010. She previously taught at Stockholm University and Åbo Akademi University.
Ålesund Heliport, Hospital
Ålesund Heliport, Hospital (Norwegian: Ålesund helikopterplass, Sykehuset) is a heliport situated on the premises of Ålesund Hospital in Ålesund, Norway. Used exclusively for air ambulance services, it is home to an AgustaWestland AW139 operated by Lufttransport on contract with the Norwegian Air Ambulance. The base is owned by the Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust. The base opened in 1988.

Air medical services
Air medical services are the use of aircraft, including both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide various kinds of urgent medical care, especially prehospital, emergency and critical care to patients during aeromedical evacuation and rescue operations.
Microplexia costimaculalis
Microplexia costimaculalis is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic on the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. It has a wingspan of 22–24 mm.

The larvae feed on Clerodendrum speciosissimum and Asystasia gangetica.

Clerodendrum speciosissimum
Clerodendrum speciosissimum is a tropical shrub of the family Lamiaceae, native to Indonesia and Papuasia, but now naturalized in parts of Latin America, Africa, the Caribbean, Seychelles, and Florida.
Jan Rune Grave
Jan Rune Grave (born May 8, 1977) is a Norwegian nordic combined skier who competed from 1998 to 2006. At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, he finished fifth in the 4 x 5 km team event and 24th in the 15 km individual event.

Grave's best World Cup finish was seventh in a 15 km individual event in Germany in 2002. His only victory was in a World Cup B 7.5 km sprint event in Finland in 2001.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
Howie Lockhart
Howard Bond Lockhart (April 22, 1896 - August 2, 1956) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played six seasons in the National Hockey Association and the National Hockey League for the Northern Fusiliers, Toronto St. Pats, Quebec Bulldogs, Hamilton Tigers and Boston Bruins. He played 12 games in the NHA and 59 in the NHL and finished with a combined record of 23 wins and 46 losses.

The nickname "Holes" is associated with Lockhart, but there are no contemporaneous uses of the term for him, and it  appears to have been coined by hockey writer Stan Fischler sometime in the 1970s.

Lockhart holds the records for the most five-or-more goal games allowed to opposing players, with four.

Stan Fischler
Stanley I. Fischler (born March 31, 1932) is an American historian of hockey and the New York City Subway, as well as a broadcaster, author of over 100 books, and professor. As a broadcaster with MSG, Fischler has won seven Emmy Awards.
Archie Vaughan
Archie Matthew Vaughan (born 9 December 2005) is an English cricketer who plays for Somerset and the England national under-19 cricket team. He is a right handed batsman and right arm off spin bowler. He made his List A cricket debut on 26 July 2024 in the One-Day Cup against Kent. He is the son of former England Test captain Michael Vaughan.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.