hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of life extension
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life extension:

Life extension – study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan. Also known as anti-aging medicine, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology.

Maximum life span
Maximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a population have been observed to survive between birth and death. The term can also denote an estimate of the maximum amount of time that a member of a given species could survive between birth and death, provided circumstances that are optimal to that member's longevity.

Most living species have an upper limit on the number of times somatic cells not expressing telomerase can divide. This is called the Hayflick limit, although this number of cell divisions does not strictly control lifespan.
Junaynah
Junaynah (Arabic: جنينة; also transliterated Jneineh) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Hamraa Subdistrict of the Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Junaynah had a population of 1,388 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Hama District
Hama District (Arabic: منطقة حماة Ḥamā) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the time of the 2023 Census, it had a population of 1,054,000 Its administrative centre is the city of Hama. It is now controlled by the Syrian transitional government
NGC 3841
NGC 3841 is an elliptical or lenticular galaxy located about 300 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on March 25, 1827 is a member of the Leo Cluster.

On November 17, 2006 a type Ia supernova designated as SN 2006oq was found near NGC 3841. However it was not associated with the galaxy.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Laplink
Laplink (sometimes styled LapLink) is a proprietary software that was developed by Mark Eppley and sold by Traveling Software. First available in 1983, LapLink was used to synchronize, copy, or move, files between two PCs, in an era before local area networks, using the parallel port and a LapLink cable or serial port and a null modem cable or USB and a USB ad hoc network cable. Traveling Software is now known as LapLink Software, Inc., and their main software is now the PCmover.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Lucy L'Engle
Lucy L'Engle (1889–1978) was an American painter who had an abstract style that ranged from Cubist to representational to purely abstract. Critics appreciated the discipline she showed in constructing a solid base on which these stylistic phases evolved. As one of them, Helen Appleton Read of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, said in 1932, she was "at heart a painter with a painter's sensuous enjoyment of the medium itself." L'Engle herself at one time described her art as "a play of form and color" and at another said, "My pictures represent my feelings about experiences. They are experiments in modern art." Over the course of a long career she used studios in both Manhattan and Provincetown and exhibited in both commercial galleries and the annual shows held by two membership organizations, the New York Society of Women Artists and the Provincetown Art Association.

Society of Women Artists
The Society of Women Artists (SWA) is a British art body dedicated to celebrating and promoting fine art created by women. It was founded as the Society of Female Artists (SFA) in 1855, offering women artists the opportunity to exhibit and sell their works. Annual exhibitions have been held in London since 1857, with some wartime interruptions.
Michael Smith (director)
Michael I. Smith is an American television director and producer. He is best known for his work on Law & Order: Criminal Intent, also working as a first assistant director and unit production manager on the series. He also worked as a second assistant director on the films Gloria (1999), Mickey Blue Eyes (1999), The Simian Line (2000) and Man on the Moon (2001). As well as the television series The Sopranos and Hack.

Common Law (2012 TV series)
Common Law is an American comedy-drama television series, which ran on USA Network from May 11 to August 10, 2012, and stars Michael Ealy and Warren Kole as two Los Angeles Police Department detectives who can't stand each other and are ordered to see a couples therapist to remedy the situation.

The series was created by Cormac and Marianne Wibberley and was produced by CBS Television Studios and Junction Entertainment. While originally planned to premiere on January 26, 2012, the series was pushed back until summer 2012.  The series premiered following Fairly Legal on Friday, May 11, 2012.  The show was canceled by the USA Network after one season and 12 episodes on October 31, 2012, due to low ratings.
Geufer
Geufer Rafael Hallmann known as Geufer born on 6 December 1980 in Estância Velha, Brazil is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Portuguese team Camacha as a striker in the Portuguese Second Division Serie A. His previous clubs include Juventude, São Bento, União Leiria, União Madeira, Fortaleza, Nacional and Villa Nova.

Villa Nova Atlético Clube
Villa Nova Atlético Clube, commonly known as Villa Nova, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Nova Lima, Minas Gerais. The team plays in Série D, the fourth tier of the Brazilian football league system, as well as in the Campeonato Mineiro, the top tier of the Minas Gerais state football league.
Manuel Zehnder
Manuel Zehnder is a Swiss handball player who plays for SC Magdeburg and the Switzerland national team.

Zehnder can play left back or centre back, and is known for his goal-scoring ability. Playing a minor role for HC Erlangen in the 2022–23 Handball-Bundesliga, he joined newly promoted Eisenach on loan for the 2023-24 season. This was a successful move, as he was the top goalscorer in the division. He represented his country at the 2024 European Men's Handball Championship.

2022–23 Handball-Bundesliga
The 2022–23 Handball-Bundesliga was the 58th season of the Handball-Bundesliga, Germany's premier handball league and the 46th season consisting of only one league. It ran from 1 September 2022 to 11 June 2023.

THW Kiel won their 23rd title.
Gangcheng Road station
Gangcheng Road (Chinese: 港城路; pinyin: Gǎngchéng Lù) is a Shanghai Metro interchange station in Pudong, Shanghai, located at the intersection of Gangcheng Road and North Zhangyang Road. It is served by Lines 6 and 10. On Line 6, it is the northern terminus of the line. On Line 10, it is located between Jilong Road and Gaoqiao stations. It began operations on 29 December 2007, with the opening of Line 6. It became an interchange station with the opening of the second phase of Line 10. The extension was expected to open in 2018, however, due to construction delays, it finally opened on 26 December 2020.

The station is located near the Waigaoqiao section of the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone (formerly the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone). However, the adjacent station to the east on Line 10, Jilong Road station, is located within the zone.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Loud and Clear (Autograph album)
Loud and Clear is the third studio album by American rock band Autograph, released in 1987. It would be the final album to feature original material by all five original members. The band would not issue another release until 1997. Two of the tracks featured on this album, "Dance all Night" and "She Never Looked that Good For Me" appeared (alongside with the band members themselves) in the 1987 fantasy-comedy film Like Father Like Son, released the same year. The original album issue, by RCA Records is out of print. The album was reissued on CD in 2006 by Rock Candy Records.

Loud and Clear ultimately proved unsuccessful, with the album (or any other releases) not proving to be as commercially successful as their 1984 debut. The album failed in sales and subsequently the band went on a long hiatus.

The title track "Loud and Clear" has a music video with Ozzy Osbourne and Vince Neil as extras.

Vince Neil
Vincent Neil Wharton (born February 8, 1961) is an American musician. He is the lead vocalist of heavy metal band Mötley Crüe, which he fronted from their 1981 formation until his departure in 1992. Neil reunited with the band in 1996 and continued with them until the band's 2015 retirement, and again from the band's 2018 reunion onwards. Outside of Mötley Crüe, Neil has also released three studio albums as a solo artist – the most recent of which, Tattoos & Tequila, was released in 2010. Neil's visual aesthetic and distinctive singing voice are considered synonymous with the American glam metal movement of the 1980s.
Namco System N2
The Namco System N2 is an arcade platform developed by Namco and NVIDIA. It runs on an nForce2-based motherboard developed by NVIDIA. It was announced that the system would be based on a NVIDIA GeForce graphics card, using the OpenGL API.

Both Namco System N2 and Namco System ES1 use the Linux operating system that is based on Debian.

The Namco System ES2 PLUS and Namco System ES3 run Windows Embedded 7 as their operating system. It runs in an arcade game cabinet designed by Bandai Namco Games.

The Namco System BNA1 is a relatively new arcade board that runs Windows 10 IoT. A less powerful version of System BNA1, known as  System BNA1 LITE has also been created for less demanding games.

NForce2
The Nvidia nForce2 chipset was released by Nvidia in July 2002 as a refresh to the original nForce product offering. The nForce2 chipset was a platform for motherboards supporting AMD's Socket A CPUs along with DDR SDRAM. There were multiple variations of the chipset including one with an integrated GeForce4 MX graphics processor (IGP), and one without.
Dumaitic
The Dumaitic script constitutes a discrete and highly specialized variety of the Ancient North Arabian (ANA) alphabetic family, the local writing tradition of the oasis and ancient city of Dūmat al-Jandal in the al-Jawf Province of northern Saudi Arabia.

Dumaitic was used in the first millennium BCE and provides evidence for sedentary literacy in the northern oases before the late antique transition to the use of the Arabic script. Historically, only three Dumaitic inscriptions were known: WTI 21, WTI 22, and WTI 23 (or WDum 1–3). A new survey in the region led to the identification and publication of another sixteen Dumaitic inscriptions in 2018.

Dumaitic was first discovered and documented by Frederick V. Winnett and William L. Reed during a 1962 expedition, with the findings published in 1970. Originally, they named the script "Jawfian". In 2000, Michael C. A. Macdonald re-analyzed the script, and re-named it "Dumaitic" to reflect its connection to the Duma oasis.

Michael C. A. Macdonald
Michael C. A. Macdonald FBA is a research associate of the Khalili Research Centre, honorary fellow of Wolfson College, University of Oxford, and fellow of the British Academy. He is a Trustee of the International Association for the Study of Arabia. He is a specialist in the languages, scripts and inscriptions of ancient Syria, Jordan and Arabia. He was also the mentor of the epigraphist and linguist Ahmad Al-Jallad.

MacDonald is the leader of the OCIANA (Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of North Arabia). In 2015, the OCIANA project launched the Badia Epigraphic Survey (BES) project, directed by MacDonald along with Ali Al-Manaser. The goal of this project was to properly document all epigraphic inscriptions from the Jordanian Harrah. Over the course of six seasons of investigation, over 430,000 photos were taken and deposited into the OCIANA database.
MPACT 2
Mpact-2 is a 125 MHz vector-processing graphics, audio and video media processor, a second generation in the Mpact family of Chromatic Research media processors, which can be used only as a co-processor to the main central processing unit (CPU) of a microcomputer.

Hardware using the Mpact-2 uses OEM firmware to provide plug-and-play facility, and may be used with either a PCI or AGP bus.

Coprocessor
A coprocessor is a computer processor used to supplement the functions of the primary processor (the CPU). Operations performed by the coprocessor may be floating-point arithmetic, graphics, signal processing, string processing, cryptography or I/O interfacing with peripheral devices. By offloading processor-intensive tasks from the main processor, coprocessors can accelerate system performance. Coprocessors allow a line of computers to be customized, so that customers who do not need the extra performance do not need to pay for it.
Vizcainoia
Vizcainoia is an extinct genus of rhombiferan echinoderms from the early Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan, about 510 Ma). It is a stalked echinoderm within the family Dibrachicystidae which lived in what is now France and Spain.

The type species, Vizcainoia languedocianus, is known from the holotype MNHN F.A38500 and from the paratype MNHN A38542. V. languedocianus was discovered in Montagne Noire, France, dating to the Lower Languedocian and referred to the Solenopleuropsis Zone. This species was first assigned to Eocystites languedocianus by Ubaghs (1987). In 2011, it was reassigned to its own genus, Vizcainoia, and a second species was first described and named by Samuel Zamora and A. B. Smith. V. moncaiensis is known from the holotype MPZ2011/7. It was found in the uppermost part of the Murero Formation at Purujosa, Moncayo Natural Park of northernmost Iberian Chains, northern Spain, dating to the Lower Languedocian and referred to the Pardailhania multispinosa Zone.

Miaolingian
The Miaolingian or Mid-Late Cambrian is the third Series of the Cambrian Period, and was formally named in 2018. It lasted from about 506.5 to 497 million years ago and is divided in ascending order into 3 stages: the Wuliuan, Drumian, and Guzhangian. The Miaolingian is preceded by the unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and succeeded by the Furongian series.

It is named after the Miaoling Mountains in southeastern Guizhou Province, China.
Vicious circle
A vicious circle (or cycle) is a complex chain of events that reinforces itself through a feedback loop, with detrimental results. It is a system with no tendency toward equilibrium (social, economic, ecological, etc.), at least in the short run.  Each iteration of the cycle reinforces the previous one, in an example of positive feedback. A vicious circle will continue in the direction of its momentum until an external factor intervenes to break the cycle. A well-known example of a vicious circle in economics is hyperinflation.

When the results are not detrimental but beneficial, the term virtuous cycle is used instead.

Social equilibrium
In sociology, a system is said to be in social equilibrium when there is a dynamic working balance among its interdependent parts. Each subsystem will adjust to any change in the other subsystems and will continue to do so until an equilibrium is retained. The process of achieving equilibrium will only work if the changes happen slowly. Rapid changes would tend to throw the social system into chaos, unless and until a new equilibrium can be reached.
Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam
Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam (Meitei: Phanjoubam Nirmala Devi, 2 March 2003) is an Indian professional footballer from Manipur who plays as a defender for the Indian Women's League club Sethu and the India national football team. She has also represented the clubs Eastern Sporting Union and Kickstart at the domestic level.

Indian Women's League
The Indian Women's League (abbreviated as the IWL) is the women's top tier professional football league in India, founded in 2016. Currently, a total of 8 teams from across the country participate in the league.

The competition was planned since 2014 and got established in 2016, with the first season starting from October 2016 in Cuttack, Odisha. The league was launched as India's first professional football league for women with the aim to increase the player pool for India national team. Since 2019–20, the clubs that become champions are granted an opportunity to play in the AFC Women's Club Championship, the top tier women's club football competition in Asia.

Until now five clubs have been crowned as champions: Eastern Sporting Union, Rising Students Club, Sethu, Gokulam Kerala and East Bengal. Out of them Gokulam Kerala has lifted the championship trophy thrice.
2015 League1 Ontario season (women)
The 2015 League1 Ontario season was the first season of play for the Women's Division of League1 Ontario. Originally announced with six teams, a seventh (Woodbridge Strikers) was added before the start of the season. A league cup consisted of two groups of either three or four teams, with the top two from each group advancing to the knockout round.

Ontario Premier League (women)
The Ontario Premier League (formerly League1 Ontario) is a semi-professional women's soccer league in Ontario, Canada. The league is sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association and the Ontario Soccer Association as a pro-am league in the Canadian soccer league system. The Ontario Premier League is part of Premier Soccer Leagues Canada, the national third tier with regional divisions, with equivalents in Alberta, British Columbia, the Prairies, and Quebec.

The women's division launched in 2015 with seven clubs and has grown to twenty clubs for the 2022 season. Beginning in 2024, the league became a three-tier league featuring promotion and relegation.
Julian Hooper
Julian Hooper (born 1966) is an Auckland-based artist. His art has been described as "an assemblage of metaphors, shapes and forms" that "details an eclectic and imaginative visual language that delves into his personal ancestry.". He was born in Auckland.

Hooper's works are held by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki, Queensland Art Gallery, Australian Catholic University Art Gallery, and the Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui.

His art has been exhibited at the Ian Potter Museum of Art, Dunedin Public Art Gallery, and Mangere Art Centre, Ng ā Tohu Uenuku.

Dunedin Public Art Gallery
The Dunedin Public Art Gallery holds the main public art collection of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. Located in The Octagon in the heart of the city, it is close to the city's public library, Dunedin Town Hall, and other facilities such as the Regent Theatre.
Air Warning Squadron 8
Air Warning Squadron 8 (AWS-8) was a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control unit that provided aerial surveillance and early warning of enemy aircraft during World War II. The squadron was commissioned on 3 March 1944 and was one of five Marine Air Warning Squadrons that provided land based radar coverage during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945.  AWS-8, utilizing the callsign "Arsenic," remained on Okinawa as part of the garrison force following the Surrender of Japan.  The squadron departed Okinawa for the United States in February 1946 and was quickly decommissioned upon its arrival in California.  To date, no other Marine Corps squadron has carried the lineage and honors of AWS-8 to include Marine Air Control Squadron 8 (MACS-8).

Matome Ugaki
Matome Ugaki (宇垣 纏, Ugaki Matome; 15 February 1890 – 15 August 1945) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, remembered for his extensive and revealing war diary, role at the Battle of Leyte Gulf, and participation in one of the final kamikaze attacks hours after the surrender of Japan was announced, an action for which he was posthumously awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, the highest rank of Japan's highest ordinarily-conferred honour.
Kotwali Thana, Khulna
Kotwali Thana (Bengali: কোতোয়ালি থানা) is a thana of Khulna Metropolitan Police in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It is also known as Khulna Sadar. It is the most densely populated subdistrict in the division.

Khulna Division
Khulna Division (Bengali: খুলনা বিভাগ) is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 22,285 km2 (8,604 sq mi) and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna District.
Zero mode
In physics, a zero mode is an eigenvector with a vanishing eigenvalue.

In various subfields of physics zero modes appear whenever a physical system possesses a certain symmetry. For example, normal modes of multidimensional harmonic oscillator (e.g. a system of beads arranged around the circle, connected with springs) corresponds to elementary vibrational modes of the system. In such a system zero modes typically occur and are related with a rigid rotation around the circle.

The kernel of an operator consists of left zero modes, and the cokernel consists of the right zero modes.

Normal mode
A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation.  The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies.  These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as its natural frequencies or resonant frequencies.  A physical object, such as a building, bridge, or molecule, has a set of normal modes and their natural frequencies that depend on its structure, materials and boundary conditions.

The most general motion of a linear system is a superposition of its normal modes. The modes are "normal" in the sense that they move independently. An excitation of one mode will never cause excitation of a different mode. In mathematical terms, normal modes are orthogonal to each other.