hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dillingen, Saarland
Dillingen (German pronunciation: [ˈdɪlɪŋən]; officially Dillingen/Saar; French: Dillange) is a town in the district of Saarlouis, in Saarland. It has about 20,000 inhabitants and is divided into the three districts Dillingen-city center, Pachten and Diefflen. The city is located on the edge of the Saar-Hunsrück Nature Park at the mouth of the Prims in the Saar and is located about 10 km from the French border. Dillingen is located about 60 km from Luxembourg City and Trier, 50 km from Metz and 30 km from Saarbrücken and is directly adjacent to the urban area of Saarlouis. In terms of population, it is the second largest municipality in the district of Saarlouis. The Dillinger Hütte steelworks is located here.

Röt Formation
The Röt Formation or Rötton Formation (German for Röt Shale), or Upper Buntsandstein, is a geologic formation of the Buntsandstein in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Middle Triassic Epoch (Anisian or Aegean or Bithynian in the regional stratigraphy). The formation overlies the Plattenstein and Solling Formations and is overlain by the Jena Formation.

The limestones, mudstones, shales and sandstones of the formation, deposited in a shallow marine environment, have provided fossils of early archosaurs, temnospondyls, fish and insects.
Luciano Rissutt
Luciano Andrade Rissutt (born 22 January 1977), or simply Rissutt, is a Brazilian footballer.

Rissutt started his career at Brazilian lower division. In 2004, he left for Ponte Preta of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. In May 2005 he signed a new contract until December 2006. In early 2006 he left for Fluminense and in January 2007 left for Vitória Guimarães and won promotion back to top division as Liga de Honra runner-up. In the next season he signed a 2-year deal with Boavista of Portuguese Liga, but left the club after relegated.

In 2008, he trailed at Atlético Paranaense
In 2010, he returned to São Paulo for Ituano, signed a contract until the end of 2010 Campeonato Paulista.

Associação Atlética Ponte Preta
Associação Atlética Ponte Preta (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [asosjaˈsɐ̃w aˈtlɛtʃikɐ ˈpõtʃi ˈpɾetɐ]), commonly referred to as Ponte Preta or just Ponte, is a Brazilian association football club based in Campinas, São Paulo state. Ponte currently plays in the Série C, the third tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paulista Série A1, the top tier of the São Paulo state football league.

Founded on August 11, 1900, Ponte Preta is the second-oldest football club established in Brazil still in activity, with the oldest being Sport Club Rio Grande in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. They are also one of the first to use black players, leading to their nickname Macaca (lit. [female] monkey).

Ponte's biggest rival is Guarani. Matches involving the two clubs, falling under the name Derby Campineiro and first played on March 24, 1912, are usually preceded by days of provocations and sometimes fights in Campinas.
World Professional Figure Skating Championships
The World Professional Figure Skating Championships, often referred to as Landover, was an elite made-for-TV figure skating competition. It was created by Dick Button, a two-time Olympic gold medalist, through his production company Candid Productions. It usually took place in December. For most of its existence, it was an unsanctioned professional event, meaning that skaters who participated lost their eligibility to compete in the Winter Olympic Games and other "amateur" skating events controlled by the International Skating Union.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.
Glossary of geology
This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to geology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. For other terms related to the Earth sciences, see Glossary of geography terms (disambiguation).

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
1998 Stella Artois Championships
The 1998 Stella Artois Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom and was part of the World Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It was the 96th edition of the tournament and was held from 8 June through 15 June 1998. Scott Draper won the singles title.

Queen's Club
The Queen's Club is a private sporting club in Barons Court, West Kensington, London, England. The club hosts the annual Queen's Club Championships grass court lawn tennis tournament (currently known as the "HSBC Championships" for sponsorship reasons). It has 28 outdoor courts and ten indoor. With two courts, it is also the national headquarters of real tennis, hosting the British Open every year except in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. The Queen's Club also has rackets and squash courts; it became the headquarters for both sports after the closure of the Prince's Club in 1940.
Doglands
Doglands (2011) is a children's fantasy novel written by Tim Willocks. It was published by the Random House imprint Random House Books for Young Readers. It is written in the first-person point of view of the main character, a lurcher named Furgul.

The story begins with Furgul being born in a racing greyhound breeder's home, believed to be full greyhound because he is so young. As he grows, however, it becomes more clear that he's not full greyhound, and his mother has him run away with his sisters. He promises to go back and save his mother, Keeva, but along the way he discovers much more to life, such as being a pet, being a fugitive, being in the animal shelter, being in love, and revolting.

Doglands won the 2012 Montreuil Book Festival Prize for European Young Adult Fiction.

Guide dog
Guide dogs  (colloquially known in the US as seeing-eye dogs) are assistance dogs trained to lead people who are blind or visually impaired around obstacles. Although dogs can be trained to navigate various obstacles, they are red–green colour blind and incapable of interpreting street signs. The human does the directing, based on skills acquired through previous mobility training. The handler might be likened to an aircraft's navigator, who must know how to get from one place to another, and the dog is the pilot, who gets them there safely. In several countries guide dogs, along with most other service and hearing dogs, are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in places such as restaurants and public transportation.
Abbey of Saint-Mathieu de Fine-Terre
The Abbey of Saint-Mathieu de Fine-Terre (French: Abbaye Saint-Mathieu de Fine-Terre; Breton: Abati Lokmazhe Penn-ar-Bed) is a former Breton monastery, whose ruins are found in the territory of what is now the commune of Plougonvelin on Pointe Saint-Mathieu (Breton: Beg Lokmazhe), in the département of Finistère. The Abbey gives the cape its name. It was dedicated to Saint Matthew the Evangelist, whose skull it housed. It was a Benedictine abbey, and was revived and reformed by the Maurists in the mid-17th century.

Matthew the Apostle
Matthew the Apostle was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. According to Christian traditions, he was also one of the four Evangelists as author of the Gospel of Matthew, and thus is also known as Matthew the Evangelist.

The New Testament records that as an Apostle, he followed Jesus. Church Fathers, such as Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria, relate that Matthew preached the gospel in Judea before going to other countries.
Andrew Hendy
Andrew Clarence Hendy was a Hereditary Chief of the Mosquito Reservation.

He was proclaimed by the Nicaraguans on the death of his cousin George V, who died on 8 November 1888. He was repudiated by many people of the Miskitu Nation and abdicated in favour of his cousin Jonathan I, on 8 March 1889. He retired to Nicaraguan territory where he became a Miskitu Jefe Inspector and River Magistrate. He was subsequently chosen as a rival Chief by General Rigoberto Cabezas who deposed Robert Henry Clarence in 1894. He was reappointed for the third time and formally installed at the Government Palace, Bluefields, on 20 November 1894. He was later accepted as chief by his own relatives and others who resided around the Wangki River within traditional Nicaraguan territory, but was opposed by the vast majority, who saw him as a Nicaraguan stooge and rebelled against him in 1896, 1899 and 1900.

Bluefields
Bluefields  (Spanish pronunciation: [bluˈfjels]) is a city and municipality on the central Mosquito Coast, and capital of the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, Nicaragua. Historically, it held far greater significance as the political and administrative capital of the Kingdom of Mosquitia, which maintained independence and later protectorate status under Great Britain during the 17th to 19th centuries. Following the kingdom's annexation in 1894, the city became the capital of the Zelaya Department.
ACS Group
ACS, Actividades de Construcción y Servicios, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [aθeˈese]) is a Spanish company dedicated to civil engineering, construction, all types of services and telecommunications. It is one of the leading construction companies in the world, with projects in many countries around the world. The company was founded in 1997 through the merger of OCP Construcciones, S.A. and Ginés Navarro Construcciones, S.A. The group has a presence in the United States, Germany, India, Brazil, Chile, Morocco and Australia. The headquarters are in Madrid and the chairperson is Florentino Pérez. Listed on the Bolsa de Madrid, the company's shares form part of the IBEX 35 stock market index.

Bolsa de Madrid
Bolsa de Madrid (Spanish pronunciation: [bolsa ðe ˈmaðɾið]; Madrid Stock Exchange) is the largest and most international of Spain's four regional stock exchanges (the others are located in Barcelona, Valencia, and Bilbao) that trade shares and convertible bonds and fixed income securities, and both government and private-sector debt. Bolsa de Madrid is owned by Bolsas y Mercados Españoles.
Dewsbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Dewsbury was a constituency created in 1868 and abolished in 2024.

After 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished and replaced by the newly created Dewsbury and Batley constituency (with major boundary changes).

Denby Dale
Denby Dale is a village and civil parish in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It is 8 miles  north-west of Barnsley and 10 miles south-east of Huddersfield.

The village is the main village in the Denby Dale civil parish that also covers Lower Denby, Upper Denby, Upper Cumberworth, Lower Cumberworth, Skelmanthorpe, Emley, Emley Moor and Clayton West.  The parish had a population of 14,982 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 16,365 at the 2011 census.  The parish council gives the electorate of the village itself as 2,143. The River Dearne runs through the village; in the floods of 2007 it burst its banks on two occasions and caused damage to Springfield Mill.
Third Battle of Murfreesboro
The Third Battle of Murfreesboro, also known as the Battle of Wilkinson Pike or the Battle of the Cedars, was fought December 5–7, 1864, in Rutherford County, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War.

William B. Bate
William Brimage Bate (October 7, 1826 – March 9, 1905) was a planter and slaveholder, Confederate officer, and politician in Tennessee. After the Reconstruction era, he served as the 23rd governor of Tennessee from 1883 to 1887. He was elected to the United States Senate from Tennessee, serving from 1887 until his death.

During the Civil War, he had fought for the Confederacy, eventually rising to the rank of major general and commanding a division in the Army of Tennessee. Bate saw action in multiple engagements throughout the war, and was seriously wounded on two occasions.
Refinable function
In mathematics, in the area of wavelet analysis, a refinable function is a function which fulfils some kind of self-similarity. A function  is called refinable with respect to the mask  if

This condition is called refinement equation, dilation equation or two-scale equation.

Using the convolution (denoted by a star, *) of a function with a discrete mask and the dilation operator  one can write more concisely:

It means that one obtains the function, again, if you convolve the function with a discrete mask and then scale it back.
There is a similarity to iterated function systems and de Rham curves.

The operator  is linear.
A refinable function is an eigenfunction of that operator.
Its absolute value is not uniquely defined.
That is, if  is a refinable function,
then for every  the function  is refinable, too.

These functions play a fundamental role in wavelet theory as scaling functions.

Absolute value
In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , denoted , is the (non-negative) magnitude of  measured without regard to its sign. Namely,  if  is a positive number, and  if  is negative (in which case negating  makes  positive), and . For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 is also 3. The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero.

Generalisations of the absolute value for real numbers occur in a wide variety of mathematical settings. For example, an absolute value is also defined for the complex numbers, the quaternions, ordered rings, fields and vector spaces. The absolute value is closely related to the notions of magnitude, distance, and norm in various mathematical and physical contexts.
Partridge Lake (Partridge River)
Partridge Lake is a lake in Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is the source of the Partridge River from an outflow at middle of the east side of the lake; the Partridge River flows to James Bay. There are five unnamed inflows to the lake.

James Bay
James Bay (French: Baie James, pronounced [bɛ dʒɛmz]; Cree: ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, romanized: Wînipekw, lit. 'dirty water') is a body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is politically part of Nunavut. Its largest island is Akimiski Island.

Numerous waterways of the James Bay watershed have been modified with dams or diversion for several major hydroelectric projects. These waterways are also destinations for river-based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Aboriginal Canadian communities, such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Cree of northern Quebec.

As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter. It is the last part of Hudson Bay to freeze over in winter, and the first to thaw in summer.
Step Afrika!
Step Afrika! is a dance company dedicated to the African-American tradition of "stepping". It is a non-profit organization that tours nationally and internationally, presents residencies and workshops worldwide, and uses "stepping" as an educational tool. Their dance style is a fusion of South African gumboot dance and African American stepping.

Dance troupe
A dance troupe or dance company is a group of dancers and associated personnel who work together to perform dances as a sport, spectacle or entertainment. There are many different types of dance companies, often working in different styles of dance. Some companies are formed from members of dance studios or from paid professionals. Dance company members can range from as young as two years old up to 18 years old. Dance troupes may be formed for competition purposes. Many dance companies are established within cities to be near theatres or other performing art venues. A dance troupe will likely have performance costumes, sets or props, and proper footwear. A dance studio will more than likely be the location where dance classes and or practices will take place.
Velivennu
Velivennu is a second largest village in Undrajavaram mandal, East Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in between Tanuku and Nidadavole at a equidistant distance of 12 km and 82 km from Eluru. It is under of Kovvur revenue division.

The present village sarpanch is Sri Mandavalli Subbarao.

Velivennu is well-known as the founding place of Sasi Educational Society which was founded by Shri Burugupalli Venu Gopala Krishna in 1980.

Tanuku
Tanuku is a Town in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Tanuku mandal . Tanuku is the fourth largest in the West Godavari District after Bhimavaram, Tadepalligudem and Palakollu in terms of population. Tanuku is the Textile Hub  of both  West Godavari district and East Godavari district. There are a Significant number of Large scale and Small scale Spinning Mills
Narrow-gauge railways in Norway
In Norway, a number of main lines were in the 19th century built with narrow gauge, 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm), to save cost in a sparsely populated mountainous country. This included Norway's first own long-distance line, the Røros Line, connecting Oslo and Trondheim, 1877. Some secondary railways also had this gauge. These railways have been rebuilt to standard gauge or closed down. Some private railways had 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and one had 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in). A few railways partly still are operated as museum railways, specifically the Thamshavn Line, Urskog–Høland Line and the Setesdal Line. The Trondheim Tramway is also narrow gauge.

Track gauge conversion
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
Rutherglen Football Club (1893)
The Rutherglen Football Club was an Australian rules football club based in Rutherglen, Victoria, being a founding member of the Ovens & Murray Football League in 1893. In 1979, the club merged with Corowa to form the Corowa-Rutherglen FC, joining the Ovens & Murray Football League.

Chiltern & District Football Association
The Chiltern & District Football Association was first established in 1912 from six Australian Rules Football clubs—Barnawartha, Chiltern, Chiltern Valley, Christmastown, Southern and Wodonga—in North Eastern Victoria, Australia, and was an active competition until 1956 when it was wound up.
Laura Stigger
Laura Stigger (born 25 September 2000) is an Austrian racing cyclist, who rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team SD Worx–Protime. She won the women's junior road race at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships and the junior Mountain Bike race (XCO) event at the 2018 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships. She also won the junior Mountain Bike race (XCO) event at the 2017 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships.

To date, Stigger is the only Austrian cyclist to win both the Road World Championship and the Mountain Bike World Championship in the same year, winning both titles within twenty-two days.
The former was only her second road race ever.

In 2017 and 2018, she won every Junior Mountain Bike race she participated in, a total of 26 races, with most of them at international level.  It was the same when she was younger still.

She competed in the cross-country race at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
Taastrup (nomination district)
Taastrup nominating district is one of the 92 nominating districts that was created for Danish elections following the 2007 municipal reform.  It consists of Albertslund and Høje-Taastrup municipality.

In general elections, the district is a strong area for parties commonly associated with the red bloc.

Høje-Taastrup Municipality
Høje-Taastrup Municipality (Danish: Høje-Taastrup Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the Capital Region on the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 78 km2 (30 sq mi), and has a total population of 59,059 (1 January 2025). It was formed by the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform, and its 1974 adjustment, by merging the parish municipalities of Høje Taastrup, Sengeløse, the Fløng part of Hvedstrup-Fløng and the Reerslev part of Reerslev-Vindinge. Since 1 January 2006 the mayor of the municipality has been Michael Ziegler, a member of the Conservative People's Party (Det Konservative Folkeparti) political party.
Green Lake (Wisconsin)
Green Lake — also known as Big Green Lake (to distinguish it from Little Green Lake, which is near Markesan) — is a lake in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, United States. Green Lake has a maximum depth of 237 ft (72 m), making it the deepest natural inland lake in Wisconsin and the second largest by volume. The lake covers 29.72 km2 (7,340 acres) and has an average depth of 30.48 m (100.0 ft). Green Lake has 43.94 km (27.30 mi) of diverse shoreline, ranging from sandstone bluffs to marshes.

Common carp
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio), also known as European carp, Eurasian carp, or simply carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. The native wild populations are considered vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but the species has also been domesticated and introduced (see aquaculture) into environments worldwide, and is often considered a positive invasive species, being included in the list of the world's 100 worst invasive species. It gives its name to the carp family, Cyprinidae.