hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Counter-Terrorism Strike Force
The Counter-Terrorism Strike Force or Anti-Terror Strike Force (Arabic: قوة مكافحة الإرهاب, romanized: Quwwat Mukafahat Al-Irhab, abbreviated as CTSF or ATSF) also known as the Strike Force Against Terror (Arabic: قوة الضربة لمكافحة الإرهاب, romanized: Quwwat al-Darbat li'Mukafahat Al-Irhab, abbreviated as SFAT) is an anti-Hamas Palestinian militant organization that emerged during the Gaza war. It is based in Kizan al-Najjar in Khan Yunis, and is reportedly supported by Israel.

Criticism of Hamas
Aside from its use of political violence in pursuit of its goals, the Palestinian political and military organization Hamas has been widely criticised for a variety of reasons, including its use of hate speech by its representatives, use of human shields and child combatants as part of its military operations, restriction of political freedoms within the Gaza Strip, and human rights abuses.
Stephen Klineberg
Stephen Klineberg is a demographics expert and sociologist in Houston, Texas. As a former professor at Rice University, Klineberg and his students began conducting an annual survey in 1982, now called the Kinder Houston Area Survey, that tracks the area's demographics and attitudes. Klineberg is also the founding director of the Kinder Institute for Urban Research, a think tank affiliated with Rice University that focuses on urban issues and challenges facing Houston, the Sun Belt and other major metro areas. Klineberg founded the institute in 2010 with a $15 million gift from philanthropists Richard and Nancy Kinder.

Kinder Foundation
The Kinder Foundation is a Houston-based 501c3 nonprofit organization. It was established in 1997 by Richard Kinder and Nancy Kinder. As of December 2024, the Kinder Foundation has committed more than $850 million in grants and transformation gifts to Houston projects.
Noel Street tram stop
Noel Street is a tram stop on Nottingham Express Transit (NET), in the city of Nottingham suburb of Hyson Green. The tram stop opened on 9 March 2004, along with NET's initial system. It is located on a one way section of the tramway, and is served only by northbound trams; the nearest southbound stop is the Hyson Green Market tram stop. The tram stop is located on a contra-flow reserved track alongside Noel Street, which is at this point one way southbound, and has a single side platform flanking the single track.

With the opening of NET's phase two, Noel Street is now on the common section of the NET, where line 1, between Hucknall and Chilwell, and line 2, between Phoenix Park and Clifton, operate together. Trams on each line run at frequencies that vary between 4 and 8 trams per hour, depending on the day and time of day, combining to provide up to 16 trams per hour on the common section.

Clifton, Nottingham
Clifton is a district and historic manor in the city of Nottingham, England. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 22,936.

Clifton has two council wards in the City of Nottingham (Clifton West and Clifton East as of 2018) with a total population taken at the 2011 census (prior wards of Clifton North and Clifton South) of 26,835. The location also encompasses Clifton Grove and Clifton Village, a residential area set alongside the River Trent.

The Manor of Clifton was for many centuries the seat of the de Clifton (later Clifton) family, branches of which were in the 17th century created Baron Clifton of Leighton Bromswold (1608) and Clifton baronets (1611). It is now the site of a council estate. The village is also notable for many old buildings including Clifton Hall, which is the former seat of the Clifton family, and St. Mary's Church.

Clifton is also home to the Nottingham Trent University Clifton Campus.
Noelia Artigas
Noelia Beatriz Artigas Pizzo (born June 4, 1989, in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan handball player who currently plays for Scuola Italiana di Montevideo in Uruguay.

Video summary of the best saves from the 2024/2025 season.

South and Central American Women's Club Handball Championship
The South and Central Women's Club Handball Championship, organized by the South and Central America Handball Confederation, is the official competition for women's handball clubs of South and Central America qualifying the champion of the competition to the IHF Women's Super Globe.
Ball (mathematics)
In mathematics, a ball is the solid figure bounded by a sphere; it is also called a solid sphere. It may be a closed ball (including the boundary points that constitute the sphere) or an open ball (excluding them).

These concepts are defined not only in three-dimensional Euclidean space but also for lower and higher dimensions, and for metric spaces in general. A ball in n dimensions is called a hyperball or n-ball and is bounded by a hypersphere or (n−1)-sphere. Thus, for example, a ball in the Euclidean plane is the same thing as a disk, the planar region bounded by a circle. In Euclidean 3-space, a ball is taken to be the region of space bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. In a one-dimensional space, a ball is a line segment.

In other contexts, such as in Euclidean geometry and informal use, sphere is sometimes used to mean ball. In the field of topology the closed -dimensional ball is often denoted as  or  while the open -dimensional ball is  or .

Euclidean planes in three-dimensional space
In Euclidean geometry, a plane is a flat two-dimensional surface that extends indefinitely. 
Euclidean planes often arise as subspaces of three-dimensional space .
A prototypical example is one of a room's walls, infinitely extended and assumed infinitesimally thin.
While a pair of real numbers  suffices to describe points on a plane, the relationship with out-of-plane points requires special consideration for their embedding in the ambient space .
Hader, Quneitra Governorate
Hader (also spelt Hadar; Arabic: حضر) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Khan Arnabah Subdistrict of the Quneitra Governorate. It is in the portion of the governorate that is under de jure Syrian control. The village has been occupied by Israel since 2024. The outer suburbs of the town are within the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force Zone. Nearby localities include Beit Jinn to the northeast, Harfa to the east, Jubata al-Khashab to the south, Majdal Shams in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights to the west and Shebaa in Lebanon to the northwest.

UNDOF Zone
The United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) Zone is a United Nations administered demilitarized zone separating Syria from the Israeli occupied Golan Heights. It was established in 1973 by the Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War. The zone is about 80 km long, and between 0.5 and 10 km wide, forming an area of 235 km2. The zone straddles the Purple Line, separating the Israeli-occupied portion of the Golan Heights and the rest of Syria, where the west line is known as "Alpha", and the east line as "Bravo". The zone also borders the Lebanon Blue Line to the north and forms a border around 200 m with Jordan to the south. Parts of the zone were occupied by Israeli Defense Forces after the collapse of the Syrian Ba'athist regime in December 2024.
2005 Monza GP2 Series round
The 2005 Monza GP2 Series round was a GP2 Series motor race held on 3 and 4 September 2005 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Monza, Italy. It was the tenth round of the 2005 GP2 Series season. The race weekend supported the 2005 Italian Grand Prix.

2005 GP2 Series
The 2005 GP2 Series season was the thirty-ninth season of the second-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also first season under the GP2 Series moniker. The season started in Imola, Italy on 23 April, and ended in Sakhir, Bahrain on 30 September. The season was won by the German Nico Rosberg, with the Finn Heikki Kovalainen finishing second.

2005 was the first season of the newly renamed Formula One feeder series, from Formula 3000 to GP2. The inaugural season did not feature reigning F3000 champion Vitantonio Liuzzi, because the Italian was driving for Red Bull Racing in Formula One. The series did feature two former F1 drivers, Italians Gianmaria Bruni and Giorgio Pantano, driving for Coloni and SuperNova respectively.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Jigawa State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Jigawa State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Jigawa State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

2023 Nigerian House of Representatives election
The 2023 Nigerian House of Representatives elections were held on 25 February 2023 where voters  elected members of the House of Representatives using first-past-the-post voting in all 360 federal constituencies. The last regular House elections for all districts were in 2019.

Other federal elections, including the Senate elections and the presidential election, held on the same date while state elections were held two weeks afterwards on 18 March. The winners of these House elections will serve beginning in the 10th Nigerian National Assembly. The APC have held a majority in the House of Representatives since the 2015 elections and solidified that majority in 2019.
Walter Kern (German politician)
Walter Kern (9 February 1954 – 9 November 2025) was a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union, he served in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2005 to 2010 and again from 2012 to 2017.

Kern died in Lemgo on 9 November 2025, at the age of 71.

Lemgo
Lemgo (German pronunciation: [ˈlɛmɡoː] ⓘ; Low German: Lemge, Lemje) is a university and old Hanseatic town in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

It is situated between the Teutoburg Forest and the Weser Uplands, 25 km east of Bielefeld and 70 km west of Hannover.

Lemgo is the oldest town in the former principality of Lippe and has a population of c. 45,000 and belongs to the OWL region, which is one of the most important cluster regions for mechanical engineering and industrial electronics in Germany. In 2017 the German Internet portal reisereporter.de placed Lemgo among the most beautiful ten half-timbered towns in Germany.
Kimmo Hakola
Kimmo Hannu Tapio Hakola (born 27 July 1958) is a Finnish composer. Born in Jyväskylä, he studied composition with Einojuhani Rautavaara and Magnus Lindberg at Sibelius Academy. He first came to prominence with his First String Quartet, which won the Unesco Composers' Rostrum in 1987.

Among his best-known works are his Clarinet Concerto, Piano Concerto (1996), Violin Concerto (2012) and Guitar Concerto. Apart from concertos he has written several orchestral works, chamber music and solo pieces for different instruments. He has also composed operas including the cartoon opera Mastersingers of Mars (2000), the family opera Mara and Katti (2011) and the monologue opera Akseli (2012). His opera La Fenice was performed at the Savonlinna Opera Festival in 2012. His Concerto Fidl, Op.99, was the test piece for the finalists of the 2019 Queen Elisabeth Competition for Violin and was written specially for that occasion.

Queen Elisabeth Competition
The Queen Elisabeth Competition (Dutch: Koningin Elisabethwedstrijd, French: Concours musical international Reine Élisabeth) is an international competition for career-starting musicians held in Brussels. The competition is named after Queen Elisabeth of Belgium (1876–1965). It is a competition for classical violinists (since 1937), pianists (since 1938), singers (since 1988) and cellists (since 2017). It also used to hold international competitions for composers from 1953 to 2012. The Patron is Queen Mathilde of Belgium.

Since its foundation it has been considered one of the most challenging and prestigious competitions for instrumentalists. In 1957 the Queen Elisabeth Competition was one of the founding members of the World Federation of International Music Competitions.
Yodo-class cruiser
The two Yodo-class dispatch ship (淀型通報艦, Yodo-gata tsūhōkan) were a class of small, high-speed, dispatch ships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Although classified officially rated as a tsūhōkan, meaning dispatch boat or aviso, the class were essentially small protected cruisers. The Yodo class was followed by the larger, more conventional Chikuma class.

Siege of Tsingtao
The Siege of Tsingtao (German: Belagerung von Tsingtau; Japanese: 青島の戦い; simplified Chinese: 青岛战役; traditional Chinese: 青島戰役) was the attack on the German port of Qingdao (Tsingtao) from Jiaozhou Bay during World War I by Japan and the United Kingdom. The siege was waged against Imperial Germany between 27 August and 7 November 1914. The siege was the first encounter between Japanese and German forces, the first Anglo-Japanese operation of the war, and the only major land battle in the Asian and Pacific theatre during World War I.
Timothy Findley: Anatomy of a Writer
Timothy Findley: Anatomy of a Writer is a Canadian television documentary film, directed by Terence Macartney-Filgate and released in 1992. The film is a portrait of writer Timothy Findley, featuring both interview segments and scenes which try to illuminate his creative process by dramatizing several rewritten variations on his then-forthcoming theatrical play The Stillborn Lover as acted by William Hutt, Martha Henry and Susan Coyne.

The film was broadcast on CBC Television on January 30, 1992, as an episode of Adrienne Clarkson Presents.

The film won the Donald Brittain Award for best social or political documentary at the 7th Gemini Awards in 1993.

Adrienne Clarkson Presents
Adrienne Clarkson Presents is a Canadian cultural entertainment series broadcast on CBC Television beginning in 1988. The series ended in 1999, the year host Adrienne Clarkson was appointed Governor General of Canada.

Episodes featured artists such as Molly Johnson, Quartette, and Peppiatt and Aylesworth. The series was preceded by a limited 1988 summer programme, Adrienne Clarkson's Summer Festival.
Mesocacia
Mesocacia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Mesocacia elongata Breuning, 1936

Mesocacia multimaculata (Pic, 1925)

Mesocacia pulla Zhang, 1989 †

Mesocacia punctifasciata Gressitt, 1940

Mesocacia rugicollis Gressitt, 1940

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
European political alliance
A European political alliance is an entity operating transnationally in Europe, especially across the member states of the European Union. European political alliances differ by their level of integration, their role, and their membership. European political alliances encompass European political parties, Political groups of the European Parliament, other party groups, as well as various entities informally referred to as "political organisations", "political movements", or "transnational parties", and sometimes erroneously as "European parties".

Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
The Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations (APPF) is a body of the European Union in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on European political parties and European political foundations.

The APPF has offices in Brussels and Strasbourg; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard.
Equestrian at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Individual freestyle test grade Ib
The Equestrian Individual Freestyle Test Grade Ib event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held in the Hong Kong Olympic Equestrian Centre on 11 September.

The competition was assessed by a ground jury composed of five judges placed at locations designated E, H, C, M, and B. Each judge rated the competitors' performances with scores out of 10 for technical difficulty and artistic merit. The ten scores from the jury were then summed to determine a rider's total percentage score.

The event was won by Lee Pearson, representing  Great Britain.

Hong Kong Sports Institute
The Hong Kong Sports Institute (Chinese: 香港體育學院) is a sports institute located in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is mandated to provide training to athletes, and also offers academic qualification in the field of sports training. The institute sponsors elite athletes and trains them as full-time employees, based on their talent and potential. The campus is located on reclaimed land on the bank of the Shing Mun River, next to the Sha Tin Racecourse.
Quasi-criminal
Quasi-criminal means a lawsuit or equity proceeding that has some, but not all, of the qualities of a criminal prosecution.  It may appear in either a common law or a civil law jurisdiction.  It refers to "a court's right to punish for actions or omissions as if they were criminal".

The origins of the phrase comes from the Latin language word, quasi, meaning somewhat, sort-of, alike or akin, to criminal law, as in quasi-contract. Quasi is used "to indicate that one subject resembles another, with which it is compared, in certain characteristics, but there are intrinsic and material differences between them".

During a civil or equity trial, a court may act as if it were a criminal case to punish a person for contempt of court. In some cases, a court may impose asset forfeiture or another penalty.  For example, a court has the right to punish actions or omissions of a party in a child support case as if they were a criminal, penalizing the parent with a sentence of jail time.

Asset forfeiture
Asset forfeiture or asset seizure is a form of confiscation of assets by the authorities. In the United States, it is a type of criminal-justice financial obligation. It typically applies to the alleged proceeds or instruments of crime. This applies, but is not limited, to terrorist activities, drug-related crimes, and other criminal and even civil offenses.  Some jurisdictions specifically use the term "confiscation" instead of forfeiture. The alleged purpose of asset forfeiture is to disrupt criminal activity by confiscating assets that potentially could have been beneficial to the individual or organization. Asset forfeiture was found to generally increase with the percentage of the assets retained depending on electoral incentives.
Limestone Township, Pennsylvania
Limestone Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Limestone Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania

Limestone Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania

Limestone Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania

Limestone Township, Union County, Pennsylvania

Limestone Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania

Limestone Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
Limestone Township is a township that is located in Clarion County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,870 at the time of the 2020 census, an increase from the figure of 1,858 tabulated in 2010.
Bolshaya Kudara
Bolshaya Kudara (Russian: Большая Кудара; Buryat: Ехэ Хγдэри, Yekhe Khüderi) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kyakhtinsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 740 as of 2010. There are 17 streets.

Kyakhtinsky District
Kyakhtinsky District (Russian: Кя́хтинский райо́н, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲæxtʲɪnskʲɪj rəˈjon]; Buryat: Хяагтын аймаг, romanized: Khiaagtyn aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 4,684 square kilometers (1,809 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kyakhta. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 39,785, with the population of Kyakhta accounting for 50.3% of that number.
Ayanur Manjunath
Ayanur Manjunatha (born 14 November 1955) is an Indian politician. He is a member of Rajya Sabha from Karnataka State for the term Jul 2010- July 2016. He was a member of Janata Dal (Secular).

He was member of 12th Lok Sabha from Shimoga and defeated Sarekoppa Bangarappa of Congress. Earlier during 1994-98 he was Member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly.  He had studied B.A., LL.B. at Sahyadri College at Shivamogga in Karnataka.

Ayanur Manjunath resigned from MLC and also from primary membership of the Bharatiya Janata Party on 19 April 2023.

He later joined JDS in April 2023 and contested the Karnataka Legislative Assembly election from Shimoga district. However, he lost the election along with its deposit.

He then joined the Indian National Congress party in August 2023 and was fielded as an MLC candidate for the South-West Graduate Constituency from the party in March 2024. However, he again lost the election against BJP candidate after the results were announced in June 2024.

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Karnataka on 10 May 2023 to elect all 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 13 May 2023.

The election saw a final voter turnout of 73.84%, the highest ever recorded in the history of Legislative Assembly elections in Karnataka.

The Indian National Congress won the election in decisive victory by getting 135 seats, making it their biggest win by seats and vote share in Karnataka since the 1989 elections. The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Janata Dal (Secular) conceded defeat, finishing second and third, respectively.
Kate Murray (archer)
Kate Murray (30 August 1948 – 28 August 2023) was a British Paralympic archer who competed in international archery competitions. She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Paralympics where she was the oldest competitor in the competition.

Murray died in 2023 at the age of 74.

Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Great Britain competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom, from 29 August to 9 September 2012 as the host nation. A total of 288 athletes were selected to compete along with 13 other team members such as sighted guides. The country finished third in the medals table, behind China and Russia, winning 120 medals in total; 34 gold, 43 silver and 43 bronze. Multiple medallists included cyclist Sarah Storey and wheelchair athlete David Weir, who won four gold medals each, and swimmer Stephanie Millward who won a total of five medals. Storey also became the British athlete with the most overall medals, 22, and equal-most gold medals, 11, in Paralympic Games history.

To commemorate the achievements of each gold medallist at the 2012 Paralympics and Olympics, Royal Mail painted a post box gold, usually in the athlete's home town.
PetroDar
The PetroDar Operating Company Ltd is a consortium of oil exploration and production companies operating in Sudan with its headquarters in Khartoum. The consortium was incorporated in the Virgin Islands on 31 October 2001. PetroDar is composed of the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) (41% share), Petronas of Malaysia (40%), Sudapet of Sudan (8%), SINOPEC of China (6%), and Egypt Kuwait Holding Company through its subsidiary Tri-Ocean Energy of Kuwait (5%).

In 2008, PetroDar was engaged in oil exploration and production in blocks 3 and 7, which are oil concession areas located in the Melut Basin in Southern Sudan. The company's production in this area reportedly accounted for almost half of Sudan's total crude oil output in late 2006.

Hydrocarbon exploration
Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth's crust using petroleum geology.