hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Congress of German Economists
The Congress of German Economists (German: Volkswirtschaftlicher Kongress or Kongress deutscher Volkswirte) was an association of German economists founded in Gotha, in 1858. The model for the association was the British Anti-Corn Law League, founded in 1838 by Richard Cobden.

The Congress' main cause was to promote free trade and the cooperative movement. Important members of the Congress were John Prince-Smith, Julius Faucher, Wilhelm Adolf Lette, Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch, Heinrich Bernhard Oppenheim and Karl Braun, who would chair most of the meetings.

With the increase of international protectionism at the end of the 19th century, the Congress lost most of its influence. The year 1879 was a disaster year for the German pro-free-trade movement, when Bismarck enacted the iron and rye tariffs and broke with the National Liberal Party.

Anti–Corn Law League
The Anti–Corn Law League was a successful political movement in Great Britain aimed at the abolition of the unpopular Corn Laws, which protected national farming interests by levying taxes on imported wheat, thus raising the price of bread at a time when factory-owners were trying to cut wages. The League was a middle-class nationwide organisation that held many well-attended rallies on the premise that a crusade was needed to convince parliament to repeal the corn laws. Its long-term goals included the removal of feudal privileges, which it denounced as impeding progress, lowering economic well-being, and restricting freedom.

The League played little role in the final act in 1846, when Sir Robert Peel led the successful battle for repeal. However, its experience provided a model that was widely adopted in Britain and other democratic nations to demonstrate the organisation of a political pressure group with the popular base.
Hjördis Schymberg
Hjördis Gunborg Schymberg (April 24, 1909 – September 8, 2008) was a Swedish coloratura and lyric soprano active on the opera stage and in concert halls between 1934 and 1968. One of the leading singers of the Royal Swedish Opera, she was awarded the title of Hovsångerska (Court Singer) in 1943, and in her later years became a distinguished voice teacher.

Lyric soprano
A lyric soprano is a type of operatic soprano voice that has a warm quality with a bright, full timbre that can be heard over an orchestra. The lyric soprano voice generally has a higher tessitura than a soubrette and usually plays ingenues and other sympathetic characters in opera. Lyric sopranos have a range from approximately middle C (C4) to "high D" (D6). This is the most common female singing voice. There is a tendency to divide lyric sopranos into two groups: light and full.
Isit, Russia
Isit (Russian: Исит; Yakut: Иһит, İhit) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of and one of two settlements, in addition to Nokhoroy, in Isitsky Rural Okrug of Khangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 256 kilometers (159 mi) from Pokrovsk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 374.

Khangalassky District
Khangalassky District (Russian: Хангала́сский улу́с; Yakut: Хаҥалас улууһа, romanized: Xañalas uluuha, [xaŋalas uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders Megino-Kangalassky District in the east, Amginsky and Aldansky Districts in the south, Olyokminsky District in the southwest, Gorny District in the northwest, and the territory of the city of republic significance of Yakutsk in the north. The area of the district is 24,700 square kilometers (9,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pokrovsk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district, excluding its administrative center, was 24,557.
Maryland Route 381
Maryland Route 381 (MD 381) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Brandywine Road, the highway runs 15.91 miles (25.60 km) from MD 231 at Patuxent north to U.S. Route 301 (US 301) in Brandywine. MD 381 connects Brandywine with the southeastern corner of Prince George's County and the northeastern corner of Charles County. The highway was constructed from MD 5 through Brandywine in the 1910s. MD 381 was extended southeast to MD 231 in the late 1920s and early 1930s. When MD 5 was relocated between Camp Springs and Brandywine in the mid-1950s, MD 381 was extended north along the old road to Camp Springs. The highway was rolled back to its present terminus at US 301 in the mid-1960s. The route can serve as an alternate route to the more heavily traveled MD 5 for those wanting to go from St. Mary's, Calvert, and eastern Charles counties to Brandywine.

Camp Springs, Maryland
Camp Springs is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population was 22,734 at the 2020 census. Camp Springs is not an official post office designation; the area is divided among the surrounding mailing addresses of Temple Hills, Fort Washington, Clinton, and Suitland.
Schweinfurt Volksfest
The Schweinfurt Volksfest is an annual Volksfest (beer festival and travelling funfair) in Schweinfurt, Lower Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. Established in 1909, the festival runs for about 10 days each year and is a significant cultural event in the region.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Ménage à trois
A ménage à trois (French: [menaʒ a tʁwɑ]) is a domestic arrangement or committed relationship consisting of three people in polyamorous romantic or sexual relations with each other, and often dwelling together. The phrase is a loan from French meaning "household of three". Contemporary arrangements are sometimes identified as a throuple, thruple, or triad.

Elizabeth Holloway Marston
Sarah Elizabeth Marston  (née Holloway; February 20, 1893 – March 27, 1993) was an American attorney and psychologist. She is credited, with her husband William Moulton Marston, with the development of the systolic blood pressure measurement used to detect deception, the predecessor to the polygraph.

She is also credited as an inspiration for her husband's comic book creation Wonder Woman, along with their polyamorous life partner, Olive Byrne.
Ishizuchi
The Ishizuchi (いしづち) is a limited express train service in Japan operated by JR Shikoku, which runs from Takamatsu to Iyo-Saijō, Matsuyama and Uwajima.

The Ishizuchi service was introduced on 10 April 1988.

Limited express
In public transport, a limited express is a special express train or bus service that makes fewer stops (hence “limited”) than local, limited-stop, and regular express services along the same corridor. Limited expresses are typically the most direct service on a line, serving only major destinations such as central and interchange stations, making them the fastest option for inter-city travelers.
2002 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards were presented by the Society of London Theatre on 15 February 2002 at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London, celebrating excellence in West End theatre.  The ceremony was hosted by comedy writer and television presenter Clive Anderson.

Clive Anderson
Clive Stuart Anderson (born 10 December 1952) is an English comedian, presenter, writer and former barrister. Winner of a British Comedy Award in 1991, Anderson began experimenting with comedy and writing comedic scripts during his 15-year legal career. He then became host of Whose Line Is It Anyway?, initially a radio show on BBC Radio 4 in 1988, before moving to television on Channel 4 from 1988 to 1999. He was also host of his own chat show Clive Anderson Talks Back, which changed its name to Clive Anderson All Talk in 1996, from 1989 to 1999. He has also hosted many radio programmes and made guest appearances on Have I Got News for You, Mock the Week and QI.
Kruševac Sports Hall
Kruševac Sports Hall (Serbian: Хала спортова у Крушевцу, romanized: Hala sportova u Kruševcu) is an indoor arena in Kruševac. It has a capacity of 2500 people. It is a home arena of basketball team KK Napredak and ORK Napredak. Sports Hall was opened in 1977 and renovated in 2013. Sports Hall also has a gymnastics hall "Soko".

Kruševac
Kruševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Крушевац, pronounced [krûʃeʋats] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area has a population of 113,582 while the urban area has 68,119 inhabitants.

The city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371–1389), who used it as his seat.
Scott County Courthouse (Kansas)
The Scott County Courthouse, located at 303 Court Street in Scott City, is the seat of government of Scott County, Kansas. Scott City has been the county seat since 1886. The courthouse was built from 1924 to 1925 by Henderson & Riggs.

Mann & Company of Hutchinson, Kansas designed the courthouse in the Classical Revival style. The courthouse is located on landscaped grounds, three stories, and faces east. It is constructed of red-colored brick and concrete, with a flat roof. Four Ionic columns rise two stories from the entrance steps and support a stone portico.

The first courthouse was constructed in 1887. It was a two-story wood-frame building with a one-story wood-frame wing.

Mann & Company also designed courthouses in Ellis County, Ellsworth County, Graham County, Pratt County, Republic County, Stafford County, and Stevens County.

Scott County, Kansas
Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat is Scott City, the only incorporated city in the county.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 5,151.  The county was named after Winfield Scott, a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861.
Pogogyne floribunda
Pogogyne floribunda is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names profuseflower mesamint and profuse-flowered pogogyne. It is native to the Modoc Plateau and surrounding basin habitat in the northeastern corner of California. It is known from six occurrences in adjacent Oregon and one in Idaho. It can be found in vernal pools, ephemeral creeks, and other summer-dry water bodies on the plateau. This is an aromatic annual herb producing a mostly erect, branching stem which is lined nearly from base to top with inflorescence. The lipped, tubular flowers are about half a centimeter long and white in color. Most have purple spots or red speckles, while a few are pure white or solid pale purple. Each is surrounded by a calyx of pointed sepals which are coated in long white hairs.

This plant, once thought to be a variety of the more common Pogogyne zizyphoroides, was elevated to species level in 1992.

Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are seasonal pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals. They are considered to be a unique type of wetland usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species unable to withstand competition or predation by fish. Certain tropical fish lineages (such as killifishes) have however, adapted to this habitat specifically.

Vernal pools are a type of wetland. They can be surrounded by many communities/species, including deciduous forest, grassland, lodgepole pine forest, blue oak woodland, sagebrush steppe, succulent coastal scrub and prairie. These pools are characteristic of Mediterranean climates, but occur in many other ecosystems.
Central, Minneapolis
Central is a defined community in Minneapolis that consists of six smaller official neighborhoods around the downtown and central business core. It also includes the many old flour mills, the Mill District, and other historical and industrial areas of downtown Minneapolis. It also includes some high-density residential areas surrounding it, excluding areas east of the Mississippi River. Businesses and government buildings are based in the Central area include the corporate headquarters of the Star Tribune, Target, US Bancorp, the Hennepin County Government Center, Minneapolis Central Library, Minneapolis City Hall, and the broadcast facilities of the Minnesota CBS station WCCO-TV.

There is no City Council ward representing the majority of Central Minneapolis. It is split between Wards 3, 5, 6, and 7. It is also split between state legislative districts 59B, 61A, and 62A.

Minnesota Legislature
The Minnesota Legislature is the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The legislature originally met at the old Territorial Capitol in Saint Paul and now convenes at the Minnesota State Capitol. The Senate consists of 67 seats, the House 134 seats and the legislators serve without term limits.

The legislature meets between January and the first Monday following the third Saturday in May each year, not to exceed 120 legislative days per biennium. Floor sessions are held in the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul.

In the 94th Legislature (2025-2026) the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) Party controls the Senate with 34 of the 67 seats and the House evenly split between the DFL and Republicans, with both parties holding 67 of the 134 seats.
Aishiyeh massacres
The Aishiyeh massacre was a massacre in 1976 in Aishiya, Lebanon, of more than 70 Lebanese Christian civilians, including at least 7 under the age of 16, by the Syrian backed Palestinian factions Fatah and As-Sa'iqa during the Lebanese Civil War. Four people were reported to be executed and one was burned alive. The village was depopulated and used as Palestine Liberation Organization base of operation. The Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence estimated that at least 100 people were injured in the attack.

The town was attacked again by Saika on November 5, 1977, killing 41 people.

Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence
The Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence (OEMV) is an online encyclopedia with the objective of documenting massacres which have occurred in the 20th century.

The project was founded by Jacques Sémelin. The Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Sciences Po (Paris), and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and The Hamburg Institute for Social Research are working on the project. Claire Andrieu (Sciences Po Paris) is currently supervising the project.
HVDC HelWin2
HVDC HelWin2 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link built to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea.  Voltage-Sourced Converters with DC ratings of 690 MW, ±320 kV are used and the total cable length is 130 km. The project was built by the Siemens/Prysmian consortium with the offshore platform built by Heerema in Zwijndrecht, Netherlands. The topside measures 98 m x 42 m x 28 m and weighs 10200 tonnes. The project was handed over to its owner, TenneT, in June 2015, the fourth such project to be completed in 2015.

Prysmian Group
Prysmian S.p.A. is a multinational company with headquarters in Milan, Italy, specialising in the production of electrical cable for use in the energy and telecom sectors and for optical fibres. Prysmian is present in Europe with 48 plants, 23 in North America, 13 in LATAM, 13 APAC, 7 MEAT.

It is the world leader in the production of cables for wind farms. The company is listed on the Borsa Italiana in the FTSE MIB index.

On 4 December 2017, it took over 100% of the General Cable group in the US, to then complete the merger by incorporation the following year.
Robert Duff (Royal Navy officer)
Vice-Admiral Robert Duff (c. 1721 – 6 June 1787) was a Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator who served in the War of the Austrian Succession, Seven Years' War and American War of Independence. He briefly served as colonial governor of Newfoundland.

Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)
A vice-admiral (VAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy and equates to the NATO rank code OF-8. It is immediately superior to the rear admiral rank and is subordinate to the full admiral rank.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is lieutenant-general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air marshal.
Séance on a Wet Afternoon
Séance on a Wet Afternoon is a 1964 British crime thriller film, directed by Bryan Forbes, and starring Kim Stanley, Richard Attenborough, Nanette Newman, Mark Eden and Patrick Magee. Based on the 1961 novel by Mark McShane, the film follows Myra Savage, a mentally unstable medium who convinces her husband Billy to kidnap Amanda Clayton, a child, so she can help the police solve the crime and achieve renown for her abilities. Kim Stanley was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the film.

Mark Eden
Douglas John Malin (14 February 1928 – 1 January 2021), known professionally as Mark Eden, was an English actor. He was best known for his portrayal of the villainous Alan Bradley in Coronation Street from 1986 to 1989.
KMUV-LD
KMUV-LD (channel 23) is a low-power television station licensed to Monterey, California, United States. It is a translator of CBS/Fox/Telemundo affiliate KION-TV (channel 46, also licensed to Monterey) which is owned by the News-Press & Gazette Company. KMUV-LD's transmitter is located on Fremont Peak; its parent station maintains studios on Moffett Street in Salinas immediately south of Salinas Municipal Airport.

Salinas Municipal Airport
Salinas Municipal Airport (IATA: SNS, ICAO: KSNS, FAA LID: SNS), commonly referred to as Salinas Airport, is an airport in Monterey County, California, United States, three miles (4.8 km) southeast of Downtown Salinas. It is included in the 2017–21 National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems as a regional general aviation airport. It had 1,800 enplanements in 2014.
Heart of Borneo
The Heart of Borneo is a conservation agreement initiated by the World Wide Fund for Nature to protect a 220,000 km² forested region on Borneo island. The agreement was signed by the governments of Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia in Bali on 12 February 2007 to support the initiative. The region provides habitat to 10 endemic species of primates, more than 350 birds, 150 reptiles and amphibians and 10,000 plants. From 2007 to 2010 a total of 123 new species have been recorded in the region.  A status report from 2012 found that the lowland rain forest within the area is deteriorating and under threat. The Bornean rhinoceros was the most threatened fauna, in 2015 three captive individuals remained in Sabah.

Bornean rhinoceros
The Bornean rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni), also known as the eastern Sumatran rhinoceros or eastern hairy rhinoceros, is a subspecies of Sumatran rhinoceros that inhabits Borneo. The subspecies was feared to be functionally extinct, with only one individual, a female named Pahu, surviving in captivity, and held in the Malaysian state of Sabah. In April 2015, the Malaysian government declared the Bornean rhinoceros to be extinct in the wild in Malaysia. However, in March 2016, a young female rhino was captured in East Kalimantan (in the Indonesian portion of Borneo), providing evidence of their continued existence. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies the subspecies as critically endangered.
Vena amoris
Vena amoris is a Latin name meaning, literally, "vein of love."  It describes a special blood vein that was once believed to flow directly from the  fourth finger of the left hand to the heart. This belief has been cited in Western cultures as one of the reasons the engagement ring and/or wedding ring was placed on the fourth finger, or "ring finger". This myth dates back to the Medieval Ages.

While science now accepts that all blood veins flow to the heart, this was not understood at the time and would not be proven until the 17th century by the physician William Harvey.

William Harvey
William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who made influential contributions to anatomy and physiology. He was the first known physician to describe completely, and in detail, pulmonary and systemic circulation as well as the specific process of blood being pumped to the brain and the rest of the body by the heart (though earlier writers, such as Realdo Colombo, Michael Servetus, and Jacques Dubois, had provided precursors to some of his theories).
Babacar Cissé
Babacar Cissé (born 2 December 1975) is a retired Senegalese professional basketball player. He spent the biggest part of his career playing in France. He was also a member of the Senegal national basketball team.

Senegal men's national basketball team
The Senegal national basketball team (French: Équipe de basketball du Senegal) represents Senegal in men's international basketball and it is overseen by Federation Senegalaise de basketball, five time a gold medallist (in 1968, 1972, 1978, 1980, and 1997), a six time silver medallist, and a four time bronze medallist at the FIBA Africa Championship. Senegal was the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the Summer Olympics Basketball Tournament.

The team has included several players who have competed in the U.S. National Basketball Association, including former Charlotte Bobcats center DeSagana Diop and current Minnesota Timberwolves center Gorgui Dieng, and is considered to be, along with those of Nigeria and Angola, a top African side.
Chong Jargylchak
The Chong Jargylchak (Kyrgyz: Чоң Жаргылчак, Russian: Чон Джаргылчак) is a river in Jeti-Ögüz District of Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It rises on north slopes of Teskey Ala-Too Range and flows into lake Issyk-Kul. The length of the river is 25 km (16 mi) and the basin area 137 square kilometres (53 sq mi). Average annual discharge is 2.32 m3/s (82 cu ft/s). The maximum flow is 25.3 m3/s (890 cu ft/s) and the minimum - 0.22 m3/s (7.8 cu ft/s). According to recent study conducted by Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences the average annual discharge of the river increased to 3.32 m3/s (117 cu ft/s) (at gauging station Chong Jargylchak) over the period of 1994–2016, which is 153% higher than during monitoring period from 1940 to 1993, i.e. 2.16 m3/s (76 cu ft/s) due to climate change factors.

Terskey Alatoo
The Teskey Alatoo or Teskei Ala-Too (Kyrgyz: Тескей Ала-Тоо, IPA: [tʰeskʰéɪ ɑɫɑtʰóː]), often still known by its Russian name Terskey Alatau (Терскей-Алатау), is a mountain range in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan. It stretches south and southeast of Lake Issyk-Kul, from the river Joon-Aryk near Kochkor in the west to the far northeastern part of Kyrgyzstan. The length of the range is 354 km and its width is 40 km. Its highest peak is Karakol Peak (5,216 m). Another high peak is Boris Yeltsin Peak (5,168 m).
Waco, Kentucky
Waco is an unincorporated community located in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. There are less than 3,000 living arrangements and  The community is part of the Richmond–Berea Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 52 and Kentucky Route 977, and is located between Madison and Estill County. Waco consists of small towns and roads including the most well-known Elliston, College Hill, and Bybee. The Kentucky River runs through College Hill Road with a boat accessible ramp.

Berea, Kentucky
Berea (/bəˈriːə/ bə-REE-ə) is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, in the United States. The city is best known for its art festivals, historic restaurants and buildings, and as the home to Berea College, a private liberal arts college. The population was 15,539 at the 2020 census. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Kentucky, having increased by 27.4% since 2000. Berea is a principal city of the Richmond−Berea Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Madison and Rockcastle counties. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1890.