hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A3 motorway (Slovenia)
The A3 motorway (Slovene: avtocesta A3, Karst Highway) of Slovenia is 11.3 km long. It begins at the Gabrk interchange on the A1 motorway near Divača and ends at the Italian border at Sežana, continuing on in Italy as the RA14. It connects Ljubljana with Trieste.

Sežana
Sežana (pronounced [sɛˈʒáːna] ⓘ; Italian: Sesana) is a town in the Slovenian Littoral region of Slovenia, near the border with Italy. It is the seat of the Municipality of Sežana. Sežana is located on the Karst Plateau, 17 kilometres (11 miles) from Trieste, Italy, and 80 km (50 mi) from Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia.
Philip Majerus
Philip Warren Majerus (July 10, 1936 –  June 8, 2016) was an American biochemist who confirmed the cardiovascular benefits of aspirin. After graduating from medical school and completing a residency at Massachusetts General Hospital, Majerus conducted research at the National Heart Institute before becoming a faculty member at the Washington University School of Medicine.

Washington University School of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine (WashU Medicine) is the medical school of Washington University in St. Louis, located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1891, the School of Medicine shares a campus with Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children's Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center.

The clinical service is provided by Washington University Physicians, a comprehensive medical and surgical practice providing treatment in more than 75 medical specialties. Washington University Physicians are the medical staff of the school's two teaching hospitals – Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital. They also provide inpatient and outpatient care at the St. Louis Veteran's Administration Hospital, hospitals of the BJC HealthCare system, and 35 other office locations throughout the greater St. Louis region.
Oath More Judaico
The Oath More Judaico or Jewish Oath was a special form of oath, rooted in antisemitism and accompanied by certain ceremonies and often intentionally humiliating, painful or dangerous, that Jews were required to take in European courts of law until the beginning of the 20th century. More Judaico is Latin for "according to Jewish custom."

The question of the trustworthiness of the Jewish oath was intimately connected with the meaning that Christian authorities assigned to the Kol Nidre prayer, recited by Jews on Yom Kippur, and the whole of the legislation regarding the oath was characteristic of the attitude of medieval states toward their Jewish subjects. The identification of Church and State seemed to render it necessary to have a different formula for those outside the state church. A similar version of the oath existed in Medieval Islamic countries such as Mamluk Egypt.

Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur (/ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊər, ˌjɔːm ˈkɪpər, ˌjoʊm-/ ⓘ YOM kip-OOR, YAWM KIP-ər, YOHM-; Hebrew: יוֹם כִּפּוּר‎ Yōm Kippūr [ˈjom kiˈpuʁ], lit. 'Day of Atonement') is the holiest day of the year in Judaism. It occurs annually on the 10th of Tishrei, corresponding to a date in late September or early October.

For traditional Jewish people, it is primarily centered on atonement and repentance. The day's main observances consist of full fasting and asceticism, both accompanied by extended prayer services (usually at synagogue) and sin confessions. Some minor Jewish denominations, such as Reconstructionist Judaism, focus less on sins and more on one's goals and accomplishments and setting yearly intentions.

Alongside the related holiday of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur is one of the two components of the High Holy Days of Judaism. It is also the last of the Ten Days of Repentance.
Czesław Michniewicz
Czesław Michniewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʂɛswaf mixˈɲɛvit͡ʂ]; born 12 February 1970) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who most recently managed Botola Pro side AS FAR. He managed the Poland national team in 2022.

FC Spartak Moscow
FC Spartak Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Москва, romanized: Futbolʹnyy klub «Spartak» Moskva, pronounced [spɐrˈtak mɐˈskva]) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. Having won 12 Soviet championships (second only to Dynamo Kyiv) and 10 Russian championships (a record jointly held with Zenit St Petersburg), it is the country's most successful club. They have also won a record 10 Soviet Cups, 4 Russian Cups and one Russian Super Cup. Spartak have also reached the semi-finals of UEFA Europa League, UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup Winner's Cup.
Kadene Vassell
Kadene Vassell (born 29 January 1989) is a Jamaican-born Dutch athlete, who competes in the sprint with personal best times of 11.42 seconds at the 100 m and 23.49 seconds at the 200 m event.

Vassell won the silver medal at the 2012 European Athletics Championships in Helsinki in the 4 × 100 m relay.

She competed for the Netherlands at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

2012 European Athletics Championships
The 2012 European Athletics Championships were held in Helsinki, Finland between 27 June and 1 July 2012. This edition marks the beginning of a new two-year cycle of the European Athletics Championships which were previously held every four years.

The decision to grant the games for Helsinki was made by the European Athletics Congress on 9 November 2009. Another city that showed interest in hosting the event was Nuremberg, Germany, however Helsinki was in pole position during the whole process. This was the third time that the city had hosted the event, 1971 and 1994 being the other occasions.

Due to 2012 being an Olympic year, there were no racewalking and marathon competitions.
Panella (surname)
Panella is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clementina Panella, Italian archaeologist

Frank Panella (1878–1953), American composer

Giovanni Bonifacio Panella (died 1417), Italian Roman Catholic prelate

Jack Panella (born 1955), American judge

Louis J. Panella (1881–1940), American musician, composer, and teacher

Pasquale Panella (born 1950), Italian lyricist and writer

Clementina Panella
Clementina Panella is an Italian archaeologist, a professor at the University of Rome La Sapienza, where she teaches Methodology of Archaeology. She has guided and co-written a number of articles on the commercial pottery of ancient Italy.
Milwaukee Fourteen
The Milwaukee Fourteen were fourteen peace activists who burned Selective Service records to protest the Vietnam War. On September 24, 1968, they entered Milwaukee's Brumder Building, site of nine Wisconsin draft boards, gathered up about 10,000 files, carried them to an open public space, and set them on fire with homemade napalm. The fourteen then remained at the site, singing and reading from the gospels of John and Luke as Milwaukee firemen and police officers arrived. The subsequent trial of twelve of the protestors became the first resistance trial in which the defendants chose to represent themselves. After a trial of eleven days, the defendants were each found guilty of theft, arson, and burglary.

Pro se legal representation in the United States
Pro se legal representation (/ˌproʊ ˈsiː/ or /ˌproʊ ˈseɪ/) means to argue on one's own behalf in a legal proceeding, as a defendant or plaintiff in civil cases, or a defendant in criminal cases, rather than have representation from counsel or an attorney.

The term pro se comes from Latin pro se, meaning "for oneself" or "on behalf of themselves". This status is sometimes known as in propria persona (abbreviated to "pro per"). In England and Wales the comparable status is that of "litigant in person". In Australia and Canada, the term is self-represented litigant (SRL).
Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
Canton Railroad Company v. Rogan, 340 U.S. 511 (1951), is a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that a state franchise tax upon the services performed by a railroad in handling imported and exported goods did not violate the Import-Export Clause of the United States Constitution.

Export
An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer. Services that figure in international trade include financial, accounting and other professional services, tourism, education as well as intellectual property rights.

Exportation of goods often requires the involvement of customs authorities.
James Ryan (rugby union, born 1983)
James Andrew Cheyne Ryan (born 10 February 1983) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. His position was lock.

Ryan was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, and attended Christ's College where he was a significant player in the school's First XV for three years. He later attended Knox College at the University of Otago where he embarked upon Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Commerce degrees.

Knox College, Otago
Knox College is a residential college, founded and operated by the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand and affiliated with the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. The college is set in a 4.57 hectares (11.3 acres) landscaped site in Opoho on the opposite side of the Dunedin Botanic Gardens from the university.

As the second oldest residential college in New Zealand, Knox is also one of the more traditional colleges, having been founded in the mould of those at Oxbridge. Throughout the last century, Knox managed to maintain much of its distinctively collegiate institutional character while continually evolving to promote and maintain a welcoming and inclusive academic community for its student body, which has been co-educational since 1983. The college has produced 18 Rhodes Scholars, as well as several Gates Scholars and Fulbright Scholars.
Dimboola railway station
Dimboola railway station is located on the Western standard gauge line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the town of Dimboola, and opened on 1 July 1882.

In 1980, boom barriers replaced hand-operated gates at the nearby High Street level crossing, in the up direction from the station.

Much of the station was extensively altered in the 1980s, following the introduction of CTC between Ararat and Serviceton. In 1983, a signal panel was provided at the station. It was abolished in 2010.

A turntable, which was originally from Murtoa, was provided in 1988.

Dimboola was the terminus for V/Line services from Spencer Street in Melbourne, until they were closed down on 21 August 1993.

Centralized traffic control
Centralized traffic control (CTC) is a form of railway signalling that originated in North America. CTC consolidates train routing decisions that were previously carried out by local signal operators or the train crews themselves. The system consists of a centralized train dispatcher's office that controls railroad interlockings and traffic flows in portions of the rail system designated as CTC territory. One hallmark of CTC is a control panel with a graphical depiction of the railroad. On this panel, the dispatcher can keep track of trains' locations across the territory that the dispatcher controls. Larger railroads may have multiple dispatcher's offices and even multiple dispatchers for each operating division. These offices are usually located near the busiest yards or stations, and their operational qualities can be compared to air traffic towers.
Chrysichthys
Chrysichthys is a genus of claroteid catfishes native to Africa.  Two fossil species are known. Chrysichthys macrotis, Van Neer, 1994, is known from the Miocene-Pliocene of the Albertine Rift in Uganda and Chrysichthys mahengeensis, Murray & Budney, 2003, is known from the Eocene of the Mahenge Formation, Tanzania.

Mahenge Formation
The Mahenge Formation is a Middle Eocene-aged geological formation and Konservat-Lagerstätte from Tanzania. It contains a high variety of exceptionally-preserved fossils, including many of the earliest fossil records of dominant freshwater fish groups found in Africa today. It represents one of the most comprehensive Paleogene-aged African fossil deposits south of the Sahara. Based on fossil plant remains found in the formation, the Mahenge lake was situated within legume-dominated woodlands reminiscent of modern miombo forests.

It was deposited within a former maar lake formed from a volcanic intrusion into the Precambrian bedrock via a kimberlite pipe. It has been dated to the Lutetian, roughly 46.0 million years ago. Unusually, relatively few fossil insect remains are known from the lake, unlike with other maar deposits. It is thought that the high diversity of fish in the lake may have led to most insects being consumed before they could be fossilized.
Little Yachty (album)
Little Yachty is the seventh studio album by American rock band Sugar Ray, released on July 26, 2019, through BMG. It is their first album in 10 years, following 2009's Music for Cougars, with lead singer Mark McGrath and guitarist Rodney Sheppard being the only original members of the band to appear.

Mark McGrath
Mark Sayers McGrath (born March 15, 1968) is an American singer who is the lead vocalist of the rock band Sugar Ray. McGrath is also known for his work as a co-host of Extra, and he was the host of Don't Forget the Lyrics! in 2010. McGrath hosted the second season of the TV show Killer Karaoke, taking the place of Jackass star Steve-O. He also works, and occasionally tours with The Beach Boys.
Minara Station (Western Australia)
28°55′16″S 121°47′53″E﻿ / ﻿28.921°S 121.798°E﻿ / -28.921; 121.798﻿ (Minara)

Minara Station is a pastoral lease that has operated as a sheep station and is now a cattle station in Western Australia.

It is situated approximately 46 kilometres (29 mi) east of Leonora and 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Laverton in the Goldfields-Esperance region.

The station was established prior to 1920, when it was running sheep and owned by Messrs Fawcett and Robinson. By 1924 the owners were Fawcett and Venn.

In 1928 Minara was stocked with 12,000 sheep and the shearing shed was being constructed.

The station is currently owned by Minara Resources along with two other nearby properties: Nambi and Yundamindera.

Cattle station
In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm (station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a grazier. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres (9,142 sq mi; 5,851,000 acres).
HMS Banterer
Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Banterer:

HMS Banterer (1807) was a 22-gun sixth rate launched in 1807 and wrecked in 1808.

HMS Banterer (1810) was a 14-gun Crocus-class brig-sloop launched in 1810 and sold in 1817 for breaking up. Mercantile interests purchased her and named her Anna.

HMS Banterer (1824) was a 16-gun sloop launched in 1824

HMS Banterer (1855) was an Albacore-class wooden screw gunboat launched in 1855 and sold in 1872.

HMS Banterer (1880) was a Banterer-class composite screw gunboat launched in 1880 and sold in 1907.

HMS Banterer was an iron twin-screw coastal gunboat launched in 1870 as HMS Plucky. She was renamed HMS Banterer in 1915 and was sold in 1928.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.
Max Hollrung
Max Udo Hollrung (25 October 1858 in Hosterwitz, Dresden – 5 May 1937 in Halle (Saale)) was a German botanist, and an early specialist in phytopathology. He was the first university teacher in Germany to be appointed to teach on the subject of plant diseases and plant protection at a university. The standard author abbreviation Hollrung is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Internationalist Books
Internationalist Books and Community Center, located in Carrboro, North Carolina, was a volunteer operated infoshop, non-profit collective, and community center for local activists. The store name was a reference to the political philosophy of internationalism. Often, the center was called "The Internationalist" or merely "Eye Books" by its volunteers, members, and supporters.

Internationalist Books sold new and used books, alternative magazines, local and small press materials, Fanzine/zines, and sidelines. Since its founding, the Internationalist grew into a center of activism, political discussion, creative grassroots organizing, and a space which brought together people of all ages, sexual orientation, ethnic background, political beliefs and gender identity. It closed in September of 2016.

Carrboro, North Carolina
Carrboro is a town in Orange County in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 21,295 at the 2020 census. The town, which is part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill combined statistical area, was named after North Carolina industrialist Julian S. Carr.

Located directly west of Chapel Hill, home of the University of North Carolina's flagship campus, Carrboro has a reputation as one of the most progressive communities in the Southeastern United States. It was the first municipality in North Carolina to elect an openly gay mayor (Michael R. Nelson in 1995) and the first municipality in the state to grant domestic-partner benefits to same-sex couples. In October 2002, Carrboro was among the first municipalities in the South to adopt resolutions opposing the Iraq War and the USA PATRIOT Act.
Edwin Richards (politician)
Edwin Richards (9 March 1856 – 22 January 1927) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Mudgee to Evan Richards and Caroline Smith. He worked as a journalist, jointly running the Mudgee Independent with George Cohen until 1889. Declared bankrupt in 1890, he later became partner in a printing business. In 1898 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the National Federal Party member for Mudgee. A Progressive from 1901, he retired from politics in 1907. He subsequently ran the Western Express at Rylstone until 1922. Richards died in Sydney in 1927.

Mudgee
Mudgee (/mʌdʒi/) is a town in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia. It is in the broad fertile Cudgegong River valley 261 km (162 mi) north-west of Sydney and is the largest town in the Mid-Western Regional Council local government area as well as being the council seat. At the 2021 Census, its population was 11,457. The district lies across the edge of the geological structure known as the Sydney Basin.
Anguis graeca
Anguis graeca, the Greek slow worm, is a species of lizard in the family Anguidae found in Greece, Albania, and North Macedonia. It prefers to inhabit vegetated and humid areas, preferably ones with good cover of hiding spots like rocks and leaves. It is predated mainly by snakes, frogs, toads, birds, mammals and more recently proved to be prey of the lizards of the genus Lacerta as well. It engages in death feigning behavior when threatened.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
W. Wallace Kelley
W. Wallace Kelley (February 2, 1902 – September 27, 1982) was an American cinematographer and visual effects artist. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Special Effects for the film Unconquered.

Kelley died in September 1982 in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 80. He was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park.

Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale, California)
Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California, United States. It is the original and current flagship location of Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks & Mortuaries, a chain of six cemeteries and four additional mortuaries in Southern California.
Sulfur sticks
Sulfur sticks are tools used in industrial ammonia refrigeration systems to detect minor ammonia leaks. A sulfur stick is made from a wick which contains particles of sulfur. The sulfur stick is lit and burns with an open flame, and the color of the sulfur smoke is used to find the leak. When there is no ammonia present, the smoke is colorless, but the combination of sulfur and ammonia vapors produce a white fog.

The reaction between the sulfur dioxide formed by burning the stick and ammonia gas mainly produces ammonium sulfite. The monohydrate and metabisulfite of this substance is also formed.

Disulfite
A disulfite, commonly known as metabisulfite or pyrosulfite, is a chemical compound containing the ion S2O2−5.  It is a colorless dianion that is primarily marketed in the form of sodium metabisulfite or potassium metabisulfite.  When dissolved in water, these salts release the hydrogensulfite HSO−3 anion. These salts act equivalently to sodium hydrogensulfite or potassium hydrogensulfite.
Dead (Young Fathers album)
Dead is the debut studio album by Scottish indie group Young Fathers. It was released on Anticon and Big Dada on 31 January 2014. The album was the winner of the 2014 Mercury Prize. It peaked at number 35 on the UK Albums Chart.

Anticon
Anticon (often styled as anticon.) was an independent record label/collective based in Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 1998 by seven musicians and manager Baillie Parker. It was collectively owned among six musicians, co-founder Parker, and manager Shaun Koplow. The original musicians signed to Anticon were once referred to as the Anticon collective. Following the death of one of its founding members in 2018, the label dissolved.
Vulgar (film)
Vulgar is a 2000 American black comedy crime exploitation film written and directed by Bryan Johnson and produced by Monica Hampton for Kevin Smith's View Askew Productions. It features multiple actors from the View Askewniverse. The film is the tale of the character Vulgar, a clown who appeared in the original View Askew Productions logo. Though not a Kevin Smith film, it stars several actors that were cast in other View Askew Productions, such as Brian O'Halloran as the lead character, Smith himself as a gay TV executive, Ethan Suplee as one of the antagonists, Jason Mewes as a car wash employee and black-arms merchant, Scott Mosier as a daytime talk show host and writer/director/editor Bryan Johnson in a supporting role as the lead's best friend, Syd.

In 2016, Johnson announced plans to create a sequel to Vulgar despite him saying in an interview that he was not going to make a sequel.

Jason Mewes
Jason Edward Mewes (born June 12, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, film producer, and podcaster. He is best known for playing Jay, the vocal half of the duo Jay and Silent Bob, in longtime friend Kevin Smith's View Askewniverse franchise.