hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Pugh (Pennsylvania politician)
John Pugh (June 2, 1761 – July 13, 1842) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Pugh was born in Hilltown Township, Pennsylvania. He briefly served in the American Revolutionary War as a captain in the Pennsylvania militia. He engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits, and served as justice of the peace. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1800 to 1804.

Pugh was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Ninth and Tenth Congresses.  He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1808 to the Eleventh Congress.  He was register of wills and recorder of deeds of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, from 1810 to 1821.  He died in Doylestown, Pennsylvania and was buried in the Presbyterian Churchyard.

Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Doylestown is a borough in and the county seat of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the borough population was 8,300.

Doylestown is located 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Trenton, 25 miles (40 km) north of Center City Philadelphia, and 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Allentown. It is part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Bluerock Wildland Provincial Park
Bluerock Wildland Provincial Park is a wildland provincial park located in Kananaskis Improvement District, Alberta, Canada. It was established on 24 July 2001 and has an area of 12,719.59 hectares (31,430.79 acres; 49.11 sq mi). The park was named for the Bluerock Creek that flows through and forms part of the western boundary of the park and Bluerock Mountain which is the creek's source. The park is included in the South Saskatchewan Region land use framework and administered by the South Saskatchewan Regional Plan. Sheep River Provincial Park and Bluerock Wildland Provincial Park are managed under the same Management Plan.: 5

Bighorn sheep
The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) or bighorn is a species of sheep native to North America. It is named for its large horns. A pair of horns may weigh up to 14 kg (30 lb); the sheep typically weigh up to 143 kg (315 lb). Recent genetic testing indicates three distinct subspecies of Ovis canadensis, one of which is endangered: O. c. sierrae.

Sheep originally crossed to North America over the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia; the population in North America peaked in the millions, and the bighorn sheep entered into the mythology of Native Americans. By 1900, the population had crashed to several thousand due to diseases introduced through European livestock and overhunting.
Opouteke River
The Opouteke River (in its upper reaches called Opouteke Stream) is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally east, reaching the Mangakahia River just north of Pakotai and 30 kilometres north of Dargaville.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Battle of Fancheng (241)
The Battle of Fancheng was a military offensive launched in 241 by the state of Eastern Wu against its rival state, Cao Wei, during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The campaign was initiated by Wu's founding emperor, Sun Quan, two years after the death of the second Wei emperor, Cao Rui. The campaign ended with a decisive defeat for the Wu forces.

Zhuge Ke
Zhuge Ke (203 – November or December 253), courtesy name Yuanxun (元逊), was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the eldest son of Zhuge Jin, a military general who served under Wu's founding emperor, Sun Quan. After Sun Quan's death in 252, Zhuge Ke served as regent for Sun Quan's son and successor, Sun Liang, but the regency proved to be militarily disastrous due to Zhuge Ke's aggressive foreign policy towards Wu's rival state, Cao Wei. In 253, he was ousted from power in a coup d'état and killed along with his family.
Animal House (Angie Martinez album)
Animal House is the second and final studio album by American rapper Angie Martinez. It was released by Elektra Records on August 20, 2002 in the United States. The album was co-written by Sacario and features guest appearances by Missy Elliott, Fat Joe, Petey Pablo, Sacario, Kelis, N.O.R.E and Tony Sunshine. Animal House sold 62,000 units in its first week of release and debuted at number six on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 11 on the Billboard 200 chart. Lead single "If I Could Go" featuring Sacario and Lil Mo became Martinez's biggest-selling single to date.

Lil' Mo
Cynthia Karen Loving (born November 19, 1978), known professionally as Lil' Mo, is an American R&B singer. She is best known for her 2001 single "Superwoman Pt. II" (featuring Fabolous), which peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and is credited with launching Fabolous' career. Regarded as Missy Elliott's protégé, Elliott guest appeared on Lil Mo's 1998 debut single "5 Minutes", which was released for the Why Do Fools Fall in Love film soundtrack. The following year, Lil' Mo appeared alongside Nas, Eve, and Q-Tip on Elliott's 1999 single "Hot Boyz". She guest performed alongside Vita on Ja Rule's 2000 singles "Put It on Me", as well as his 2001 single "I Cry", the former of which was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards.
John Woodman Memorial
The John Woodman Memorial, otherwise known as the Wagga to Albury, is an annual bicycle handicap race that runs between the New South Wales cities of Wagga Wagga and Albury. The event was first run in the 1930s, leaving the Wagga Railway
Station and travelling via Tarcutta and Holbrook to finish outside the Globe Hotel in Albury. In 1948 the race was changed to run via the Olympic Way and finish in Dean St. It ran this way until its conclusion in 1963. In 1987 the event was revived and has run every year since.
The event is organised by the Albury Wodonga Cycling Club (AWCC) and for 2013, the race will be held on 28 July.

Albury
Albury (/ˈɔːlbəri/ ALL-bree; Wiradjuri: Bungambrawatha) is a major regional city located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga, situated on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury. It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border.

Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.

Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.
José Cobo Cano
José Cobo Cano (born 20 September 1965) is a Spanish Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Madrid since 2023. He previously served as auxiliary bishop of the archdiocese. Pope Francis made him a cardinal in 2023.

Cobo became a priest in 1994 and was named an auxiliary bishop in 2017; after his ordination, he oversaw various social issue–related departments within the Spanish Episcopal Conference. Following a scandal about a case of sexual abuse by a teacher at an Opus Dei school, Cobo participated in a national meeting to address such cases within the Catholic Church.

His appointment as archbishop in 2023 drew controversy due to his limited experience—the previous five archbishops of Madrid had all been bishops in their own dioceses—and his progressive views. During an interview, Cobo sparked controversy when he stated that he would not officiate same-sex marriages, comparing the act to celebrating the Eucharist with Coca-Cola.

Catholic Church in Spain
The Spanish Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Spain, is part of the Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome, and the Spanish Episcopal Conference.

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 establishes the non-denominationality of the State, providing that the public authorities take into account the religious beliefs of society, maintaining cooperative relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions. Thus, the relations between the Spanish State and the Holy See are regulated by the 1976 agreement and the three 1979 agreements, which modified and replaced the previous 1953 concordat.
Ahvaz Field
Ahvaz Field is a super-giant oil field located in Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. It was discovered in 1953, developed by Anglo-Persian Oil Company and began production in 1954. Ahvaz field is one of the richest oil fields in the world with an estimated proven reserves around 65.5 billion barrels (~8.94×10^9 t), and production is centered on 750,000 barrels per day (119,000 m3/d). The field is owned by National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and operated by National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Rize USA
Rize USA is a London and Los Angeles based television production company focusing on factual, factual entertainment and reality programming for the international market.

Launched in October 2011 Rize is a co-venture between Founder and Creative Director Sheldon Lazarus and TV production and distribution group DCD Media.

Rize USA is represented by Creative Artists Agency in the US and works with Caters News, the UK's leading news and picture agency which provides Rize USA with exclusive access to international news stories.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Alvin Trivelpiece
Alvin William Trivelpiece (March 15, 1931 – August 7, 2022) was an American physicist whose varied career included positions as director of the Office of Energy Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). He was also a professor of physics and a corporate executive.  Trivelpiece's research focused on plasma physics, controlled thermonuclear research, and particle accelerators.  He received several patents for accelerators and microwave devices. He died in Rancho Santa Margarita, California in August 2022 at the age of 91.

Jefferson Lab
The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), or JLab for short, is a US Department of Energy National Laboratory located in Newport News, Virginia.

Since June 1, 2006, it has been operated by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, a limited liability company created by Southeastern Universities Research Association and PAE Applied Technologies. Since 2021, Jefferson Science Association has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Southeastern Universities Research Association. Until 1996 TJNAF was known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF); commonly, this name is still used for the main accelerator. Founded in 1984, Jefferson Lab employs more than 750 people, and more than 2,000 scientists from around the world have conducted research using the facility.
Theresa Cornwallis West
Theresa Cornwallis West (née Whitby; 1806–1886) (Mrs F. West) was a British writer. She is most noted for her A Summer Visit to Ireland in 1846 and wrote stories for children, young adults and even a novel for adults (The Doom of Doolandour). Her travelogue, written as a member of the English upper class visiting Ireland as a tourist, in the early stages of the Famine has proven a valuable source of both information and views.

She was born at Newlands Manor, Hampshire to the Royal Navy Captain John Whitby (flag captain for Admiral Sir William Cornwallis) and Mary Anne Theresa Whitby (1783–1850) (née Symonds, the writer, landowner, artist and reintroducer of sericulture to England). Theresa married, in 1827, Frederick Richard West (1799–1862) of Ruthin Castle and unlike his first wife bore children and went on to outlive him.

Newlands, Hampshire
Newlands is a civil parish in Hampshire, England, in the south-east of the local government district of the City of Winchester.

It is composed of the parts of the west of Waterlooville Major Development Area which lie within the City of Winchester district, and straddles the border between the wards of Denmead and of Southwick and Wickham. It was legally created on 1 April 2019, with uncontested elections taking place as part of the 2019 local elections, alongside the Winchester local elections.

The parish is represented by nine parish councillors, including a Chair and Vice-Chair, Chair of the Planning Committee, and Chair of the Finance Committee. As part of Winchester City Council, residents are represented by councillors of Newlands Parish Council, Winchester City Councillors and Hampshire county council; Winchester Southern Parishes Ward.
Methylisocitrate lyase
The enzyme methylisocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.30) catalyzes the chemical reaction

(2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate  pyruvate + succinate

The reaction is similar to that of isocitrate lyase, except that an additional methyl group (marked with an asterisk in the above scheme) is present, meaning that citrate is replaced by methylcitrate and glyoxylate by pyruvate. In fact, in some bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isocitrate lyase actually plays the role of methylisocitrate lyase.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate pyruvate-lyase (succinate-forming). Other names in common use include 2-methylisocitrate lyase, MICL, and (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate pyruvate-lyase.  This enzyme participates in propanoate metabolism.

Methylisocitrate lyase was discovered in 1976.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.
Samuel Greenhouse
Samuel W. Greenhouse (January 13, 1918 – September 29, 2000) was an American statistician who helped to pioneer the use of statistics in epidemiology. With Seymour Geisser, he developed the Greenhouse–Geisser correction, which is now widely used in the analysis of variance to correct for violations of the assumption of compound symmetry.

Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a family of statistical methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA compares the amount of variation between the group means to the amount of variation within each group. If the between-group variation is substantially larger than the within-group variation, it suggests that the group means are likely different. This comparison is done using an F-test. The underlying principle of ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, which states that the total variance in a dataset can be broken down into components attributable to different sources. In the case of ANOVA, these sources are the variation between groups and the variation within groups.

ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. In its simplest form, it provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means.
Owlbear
An owlbear (also owl bear) is a fictional creature originally created for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. An owlbear is depicted as a cross between a bear and an owl, which "hugs" like a bear and attacks with its beak. Inspired by a plastic toy made in Hong Kong, Gary Gygax created the owlbear and introduced the creature to the game in the 1975 Greyhawk supplement; the creature has since appeared in every subsequent edition of the game. Owlbears, or similar beasts, also appear in several other fantasy role-playing games, video games and other media.

Goodman Games
Goodman Games is an American game publisher best known for the Dungeon Crawl Classics series of adventure modules and role-playing game, its science fiction offshoot Mutant Crawl Classics, and Original Adventures Reincarnated, a line of updated, annotated, and expanded republications of classic RPG adventures and supplements, mostly from TSR, Inc.'s Advanced Dungeons & Dragons. Additionally, Goodman Games produces RPGs using versions of the DCC rules for Fritz Leiber's Lankhmar and Jack Vance's Dying Earth settings, under license. The company has also produced licensed adventures for Wicked Fantasy Factory, Judges Guild, Xcrawl, Iron Heroes, Castles and Crusades, and Death Dealer.
James Moniz
James Elliott Alton Moniz (born 16 August 1972) is an Australian-born Danish cricketer. Moniz is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break.

He has lived in Denmark for several years, teaching at an elementary school.  In March 2012, Denmark took part in the World Twenty20 Qualifier in the United Arab Emirates, having qualified for the event by winning the European T20 Championship.  Moniz was selected in Denmark's fourteen man squad for the qualifier, making his Twenty20 debut against his native Bermuda at the Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium.  He made six further appearances during the competition, the last of which came against Oman, with him scoring a total of 84 runs in the tournament at an average of 14.00, with a high score of 47 not out, which came in a defeat against the Netherlands.

Denmark national cricket team
The Denmark national cricket team represents Denmark in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1966, and have previously been a part of the ICC's High Performance Programme.

Denmark played in the inaugural edition of the ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League, starting in August 2019, as a result of finishing in Division Three of the now defunct World Cricket League.
GNU Health
GNU Health is a free/libre health and hospital information system with strong focus on public health and social medicine. Its functionality includes management of electronic health records and laboratory information management system.

It is designed to be multi-platform, supporting Linux distributions and FreeBSD on the server side. It uses PostgreSQL as its database engine. It is written in Python and uses the Tryton framework as one of its components.

GNU Health has been adopted by the United Nations University. In 2011, it became a GNU official package. It was awarded Best Project of Social Benefit from the Free Software Foundation at LibrePlanet 2012, at University of Massachusetts Boston.

GNU Health is a project of GNU Solidario, a non-profit non-governmental organization (NGO) that works in the areas of health and education with free software.

Social medicine
Social medicine is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between socio-economic factors and individual health outcomes. Rooted in the challenges of the Industrial Revolution, it seeks to:

Understand how specific social, economic, and environmental conditions directly impact health, disease, and the delivery of medical care.

Promote conditions and interventions that address these determinants, aiming for a healthier and more equitable society.

Social medicine as a scientific field gradually began in the early 19th century in Europe, during the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent increase in poverty and disease among workers raised concerns about the effect of social processes on the health of the poor. The field of social medicine is most commonly addressed today by efforts to understand what are known as social determinants of health.
Adji Bousso Dieng
Adji Bousso Dieng is a Senegalese computer scientist and statistician working in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Her research bridges probabilistic graphical models and deep learning to discover meaningful structure from unlabelled data. She is currently an Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist at Google Brain in Mountain View, California. In 2021, she started her tenure-track faculty position at Princeton University, becoming the first Black female faculty member in the School of Engineering and Applied Science as well as the first Black faculty member ever in the Department of Computer Science. Dieng recently founded the non-profit “The Africa I Know” (TAIK) with the goal to inspire young Africans to pursue careers in STEM and AI by showcasing African role models, informing the general public about developments in STEM and AI by Africans, and educating the general public about the rich history of Africa.

Schmidt Futures
Schmidt Futures is a philanthropic venture founded by Eric Schmidt and Wendy Schmidt in 2017. The philanthropy funds science and technology research and talent networking programs. The organization's grants include large-scale "moonshots". Schmidt Futures is based in New York City with offices in Washington, D.C., and London.