hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soward
Soward is a surname of English origin. Notable people with the surname include:

George Klewitz Soward (1857–1941), Australian architect and politician

Jamie Soward (born 1984), Australian rugby league player

R. Jay Soward (born 1978), American football player

George Klewitz Soward
George Klewitz Soward (27 August 1857 – 21 February 1941) was an architect and politician in South Australia. he was a partner in the firm English & Soward from 1880 to 1925, renamed English, Soward & Jackman from 1926 to 1936. Among other buildings, the firm was known for designing Beehive Corner, the Epworth Building, and the Queen Adelaide Club.
Alfonsine
Alfonsine (Romagnol: Agl'infulsẽ or Agl'infulsèn) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Ravenna in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is located 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Bologna and 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Ravenna.

It is located between the Senio River and the Adriatic Sea. Its economy is based mostly on agriculture, especially wine and fruit production.

Romagnol
Romagnol (rumagnôl or rumagnùl; Italian: romagnolo) is a Romance language spoken in the historical region of Romagna, consisting mainly of the southeastern part of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The name is derived from the Lombard name for the region, Romagna. Romagnol is classified as endangered because older generations have "neglected to pass on the dialect as a native tongue to the next generation".
Pteron
In Classical architecture, a pteron (Ancient Greek: πτερον, 'wing') is an external colonnade around a building, especially an Ancient Greek temple. The pteroma or peristasis is the passage between the columns and the wall in a temple, the peristyle that in an inward-facing courtyard or garden.

Wing
A wing is a structure which produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics includes the study of wing performance in air.

Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged. The study of foil performance in water is a subfield of Hydrodynamics.
Defection of Viktor Belenko
On September 6, 1976, Lieutenant Viktor Belenko of the Soviet Air Defense Forces defected by flying his Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25P "Foxbat" aircraft from near Vladivostok in the Far East of the Soviet Union to Hakodate Airport in Hokkaido Prefecture of Japan.

Belenko's defection caused tension between Japan and the Soviet Union, especially after Japanese and American specialists disassembled and examined the aircraft. The examination revealed to the US that while impressive in speed, the MiG-25 was not the superfighter that they had feared it to be. It was later returned to the Soviets while it was still disassembled with some parts missing.

Belenko was granted political asylum in and later citizenship of the US, where he became a military consultant, public speaker, and businessman. Belenko later visited Moscow in 1995, after the end of the Soviet Union.

Air superiority fighter
An air superiority fighter (also styled air-superiority fighter) is a fighter aircraft designed to seize control of enemy airspace by establishing tactical dominance (air superiority) over the opposing air force.  Air-superiority fighters are primarily tasked to perform aerial combat against agile, lightly armed aircraft (most often enemy fighters) and eliminate any challenge over control of the airspace, although some (e.g. strike fighters) may have a secondary role for air-to-surface attacks.
Hudson Lake (Indiana)
Hudson Lake is a natural lake east of Michigan City in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. It was formed during the most recent glacial retreat of the Pleistocene era.

Dewart Lake is a 423 acres (171 ha) natural lake, located two miles (3.2 km) west of New Carlisle, Indiana and three miles (4.8 km) south of the state line boundary with Michigan.  It has its own lakeside community, Hudson Lake, Indiana, and an NICTD electric train station.

New Carlisle, Indiana
New Carlisle is a town in Olive Township, St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 1,891, as of the 2020 Census. It is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
5th Battalion, 4 Gorkha Rifles
The 5th Battalion the 4th Gorkha Rifles, is an infantry battalion of the 4 Gorkha Rifles (4 GR), a Rifle regiment of the Indian Army. The 5th Battalion the 4th Gorkha Rifles (GR), was raised in January 1963, in the wake of the Chinese Offensive, in Arunachal Pradesh, and Ladakh, India, from bases in Tibet, in 1962.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Odorrana nasuta
Odorrana nasuta (Hainan bamboo-leaf frog) is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, endemic to Hainan, China. It occurs near streams in forested regions at elevations of 350–850 m (1,150–2,790 ft) above sea level. Breeding takes place in streams. The species is threatened by habitat loss caused by smallholder farming and clear-cutting of forests.

The genus Odorrana, commonly known as odorous frogs, is a group of frogs (Rinadae) which can be found mostly in East Asia. These frogs are typically associated with fast-flowing mountain streams and often exhibit a distinctive pointed snout. Odorrana currently includes 65 recognized species, with many endemic to China.

Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholder farms are often defined as those operating on less than two hectares of land.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that there are roughly 500 million smallholder farms – those covering less than two hectares – which account for about 85 percent of all farms globally but manage only around 9 percent of the world’s agricultural land.
McNary (surname)
McNary is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles L. McNary (1874–1944), U.S. Republican politician

Dishon McNary (born 1997), American football player

John Hugh McNary (1867–1936), U.S. federal district court judge

Josh McNary (born 1988), American football player

William S. McNary (1863–1930), U.S. Representative

John Hugh McNary
John Hugh McNary (January 31, 1867 – October 25, 1936) was an American attorney and jurist in the state of Oregon. He served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon in Portland. A native of Oregon, he also served as a district attorney and as an assistant district attorney in Salem. His brother Charles would serve as a United States senator.
(613766) 2007 NC7
(613766) 2007 NC7 (provisional designation 2007 NC7) is a trans-Neptunian object and centaur from the outer Solar System, approximately 106 kilometers in diameter. It was first observed on 11 July 2007, by American astronomers Megan Schwamb, Michael Brown and David Rabinowitz at Palomar Observatory in California.

The object has a high eccentricity of 0.49. It comes within 17 AU of the Sun (inside the orbit of Uranus) and goes as far as 50 AU at aphelion (near the Kuiper cliff). It passed perihelion in September 1996.

For comparison, among the well-established, highly eccentric orbits formally classified as plutinos, the orbit of (15788) 1993 SB has an eccentricity of 0.318.

It has only been observed twenty-six times over four oppositions.

Palomar Observatory
The Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Astronomical Observatories of China.

The observatory operates several telescopes, including the 200-inch (5.1 m) Hale Telescope, the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar 60-inch (1.5 m) Telescope, and the 30-centimetre (12-inch) Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an 18-inch (46 cm) Schmidt camera from 1936.
Xu (surname 徐)
Xu (Chinese: 徐; pinyin: Xú; Wade–Giles: Hsü2; Jyutping: Ceoi4) is a Chinese-language surname. In the Wade-Giles system of romanization, it is spelled as "Hsu", which is commonly used in Taiwan or overseas Chinese communities. It is different from Xu (surname 許), represented by a different character.

Xu Ming
Xu Ming (Chinese: 徐明; pinyin: Xú Míng; April 1971 – 4 December 2015) was a Chinese entrepreneur and billionaire. He was the founder of the conglomerate Dalian Shide Group, and the chairman of Dalian Shide F.C., China's top football club in the 2000s. In 2005, Forbes ranked him the eighth-richest person in China, with an estimated net worth of US$1.05 billion, but his net worth declined to $690 million in 2011. The 2013 Hurun Report estimated his wealth to be around US$490 million, ranking 676th in China.

Xu had close relationships with several high-ranking government officials and their families, especially the former Politburo member Bo Xilai. After Bo was implicated in a political scandal and fell from power in 2012, Xu was taken into custody, and testified in August 2013 at the trial of Bo, who was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. Xu was also sent to prison, where he died in December 2015, less than a year before his scheduled release.
North Plainfield School District
The North Plainfield School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from North Plainfield in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The district also houses a comprehensive Adult High School and an Adult Community School which offers educational programs for North Plainfield and neighboring community residents.

As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,342 students and 304.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "DE", the fifth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Time (2020 film)
Time is a 2020 American documentary film produced and directed by Garrett Bradley. It follows Sibil Fox Richardson and her fight for the release of her husband, Rob, who was serving a 60-year prison sentence for engaging in an armed bank robbery.

The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2020, where Bradley won the US Documentary Directing Award, the first African-American woman to do so. It was released theatrically on October 9, 2020, and digitally on Amazon Prime Video on October 16, 2020 by Amazon Studios. In addition to being nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 93rd Academy Awards, it was also one of the few documentary films to ever sweep "The Big Four" critics awards (LA, NBR, NY, NSFC).

New York Film Critics Circle
The New York Film Critics Circle (NYFCC) is an American film critic organization founded in 1935 by Wanda Hale from the New York Daily News. Its membership includes over 30 film critics from New York–based daily and weekly newspapers, magazines, and online publications. In December of each year, the organization meets to vote on the New York Film Critics Circle Awards, given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide of the calendar year. The NYFCC also gives special stand-alone awards to individuals and organizations that have made significant contributions to the art of cinema, including writers, directors, producers, film critics, film restorers, historians and service organizations. The NYFCC Awards are the oldest given by film critics in the country, and one of the most prestigious.
Inverness Cup
The Inverness Cup is a football competition for teams around Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. Originally, it was contested by the four Inverness based teams: Caledonian, Citadel, Clachnacuddin and Thistle, but became an invitational tournament to increase the number of clubs competing.

Interest in the tournament eventually diminished, with competition from the Highland League Cup and North of Scotland Cup, along with fixture congestion for Inverness CT, Ross County and Elgin City, who were now playing in the SPFL.

Although the competition was never formally discontinued, it hadn't been contested since 2005–06, other than a one-off revival between Clachnacuddin and Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the 2023–24 season

Scottish Professional Football League
The Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) is the national men's association football league in Scotland. The league was formed in June 2013 following a merger between the Scottish Premier League and the Scottish Football League. As well as operating its league competition, which consists of the top four levels of the Scottish football league system, the SPFL also operates two domestic cup competitions, the Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Challenge Cup. While the Scottish Cup includes all the teams within the SPFL, the competition is run and organised by the Scottish Football Association.
Allen Appel
Allen Appel (born January 6, 1945) is an American novelist best known for his series about time traveler Alex Balfour. In the series, fictional characters are interwoven with actual historical people and events.

Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Appel grew up in Parkersburg, West Virginia. He graduated from West Virginia University in 1967 and moved to Washington, D.C., where he found work as an illustrator and photographer. He made his mark with a series of collage illustrations for the Sunday magazine section of The Washington Post, and this work led to his first book, Proust's Last Beer: A History of Curious Demises (1980), a collaboration with writer Bob Arnebeck. Appel's imaginative black-and-white collages illustrated Arnebeck's profiles of people and animals.

Sunday magazine
A Sunday magazine is a publication inserted into a Sunday newspaper. It also has been known as a Sunday supplement, Sunday newspaper magazine or Sunday magazine section. Traditionally, the articles in these magazines cover a wide range of subjects, and the content is not as current and timely as the rest of the newspaper.
D57 road
D57 state road in the eastern part of Croatia connects the city of Vukovar to the state road network of Croatia, and to the A3 motorway in Lipovac interchange. The road is 36.1 km (22.4 mi) long. The route comprises some urban intersections, mostly in the city of Vukovar.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Vukovar
Vukovar (pronounced [ʋûkoʋaːr], Hungarian: Vukovár, German: Wukowar) is a city in Croatia, in the eastern regions of Syrmia and Slavonia. It contains Croatia's largest river port, located at the confluence of the Vuka and the Danube. Vukovar is the seat of Vukovar-Syrmia County and the second-largest city in the county after Vinkovci. The city's registered population was 22,616 in the 2021 census, with a total of 23,536 in the municipality.
Asians in the Netherlands
Asians in the Netherlands (Dutch: Aziaten in Nederland), also referred to as Asian Dutch (Aziatische Nederlanders) or Dutch Asians (Nederlandse Aziaten), are citizens or residents of the Netherlands whose ancestry traces back to Asia. The majority of Dutch Asians hail from Turkey and Indonesia of which the latter was a former Dutch colony and with significant communities hailing from countries such as Syria, China, Iraq, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Philipphines, Vietnam, and Thailand.

There is also a sizable community of Asian Caribbeans who hail from the former and present Dutch overseas territories which include Suriname and the former Netherlands Antilles; now Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire, Sint Maarten, Sint Eustatius and Saba. These are mainly from Suriname and include Indian, Javanese and Chinese Surinamese people.

Javanese Surinamese
Javanese Surinamese are an ethnic group of Javanese and by extension Indonesian descent in Suriname. They have been present since the late 19th century, when their first members were selected as  indentured laborers by the Dutch colonizers from the former Dutch East Indies.
Nikoloz Sekhniashvili
Nikoloz Sekhniashvili (Georgian: ნიკოლოზ სეხნიაშვილი born 9 December 1993) is a Georgian professional boxer.  As an amateur, Sekhniashvili represented Georgia at the 2015 European Games as a heavyweight.

2015 European Games
The 1st European Games (Azerbaijani: 1-ci Avropa Oyunları), also known as the 2015 European Games or Baku 2015 (Azerbaijani: Bakı 2015), were the inaugural edition of the European Games, an international multi-sport event for athletes representing the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the European Olympic Committees. It took place in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 12 to 28 June 2015, and featured almost 6,000 athletes from 50 countries competing in 30 sports, including 15 summer Olympic and 2 non-Olympic sports.
Le Château
Le Château Inc. (French pronunciation: [lə ʃato]) is a fashion company, currently owned by Suzy's Inc. The chain was founded in 1959 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and designed, imported, and retailed women's and men's apparel, accessories, and footwear. In 2015, the company generated sales of about CA$237 million. The company operates in 57 Suzy Shier stores, before bankruptcy, they sold directly to customers from 123 retail stores in Canada and 5 in the UAE and Saudi Arabia.

Toronto Stock Exchange
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; French: Bourse de Toronto) is a stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America by market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities.
Paul von Breitenbach
Paul Justin von Breitenbach (16 April 1850 – 10 March 1930) was a Prussian politician and railway planner.

Breitenbach was central to the building of the underground in Berlin, specifically the line between the city center and Berlin-Dahlem (today U3). The Breitenbachplatz in Dahlem was named after him in 1913.

Dahlem (Berlin)
Dahlem (German: [ˈdaːlɛm] ⓘ or [ˈdaːləm]) is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a part of the former borough of Zehlendorf. It is located between the mansion settlements of Grunewald and Lichterfelde West.

Dahlem is one of the most affluent parts of the city and a center for academic research. It is home to the Freie Universität Berlin, with its architecturally significant Philological Library ("The Brain"). Several other research institutions and museums, as well as parts of the Grunewald forest with its renaissance hunting lodge, are located in Dahlem.

The U3 line of the Berlin U-Bahn system connects Dahlem to central Berlin.
Listed buildings in Hastings (outside Old Town)
Hastings is a town and borough in East Sussex, England. It contains one grade I, 23 grade II* and 546 grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

.

The number of listed buildings in Hastings requires subdivision into geographically defined lists. This list includes all listed buildings outside Old Town.

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.
2 Samuel 6
2 Samuel 6 is the sixth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was composed by the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan.  This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Jerusalem. This is within a section comprising 2 Samuel 2–8 which deals with the period when David set up his kingdom.

Gibeah
Gibeah (/ˈɡɪbiə/; Hebrew: גִּבְעָה Gīḇəʿā; Hebrew: גִּבְעַת Gīḇəʿaṯ) is the name of three places mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, in the tribes of Benjamin, Judah, and Ephraim respectively.

Gibeah of Benjamin, also Gibeah of Saul, is the most commonly mentioned of the places. In the Book of Judges, it is the main setting to the story of the Benjaminite War. Later, in the Book of Samuel, it is mentioned as the first capital of the united Kingdom of Israel under king Saul. During the First Jewish–Roman War, Titus established a camp nearby in the "Valley of Thorns", before proceeding to besiege Jerusalem.

Gibeah of Benjamin is generally identified with Tell el-Fūl in northern Jerusalem.
Gary Hampton
Gary Hampton was an American former football coach.  He was the 33rd head football coach at Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas serving for two seasons, from 1979 to 1980, and compiling a record of 6–14.  Hampton played college football at as a linebacker at Kansas Wesleyan University. Before being hired at Washburn, he was an assistant football and head golf coach at Idaho State University.

Kansas Wesleyan University
Kansas Wesleyan University is a private Christian university in Salina, Kansas, United States. Founded in 1886, it is affiliated with the United Methodist Church and accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It has over 900 students and a 28-acre (11 ha) campus.