hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional electron gas
A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a scientific model in solid-state physics. It is an electron gas that is free to move in two dimensions, but tightly confined in the third. This tight confinement leads to quantized energy levels for motion in the third direction, which can then be ignored for most problems. Thus the electrons appear to be a 2D sheet embedded in a 3D world. The analogous construct of holes is called a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), and such systems have many useful and interesting properties.

Field-effect transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field-effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET.
Colors (motorcycling)
Colors are the insignia, or "patches", worn by motorcycle club members on cut-off vests to identify membership of their club and territorial location. Club patches have been worn by many different groups since the 1960s.  They are regarded by many to symbolize an elite amongst motorcyclists and the style has been widely copied by other subcultures and commercialized.

Colors are considered to represent "significant markers of the socialization" of new members to clubs, rank and present a dominant symbol of identity and are marked with related symbolism. They can be embroidered patches sewn onto clothing or stenciled in paint, the primary symbol being the back patch of the club's insignia or logo and generally remain the property of the club. Wearing such clothing is referred to as "flying one's colors". The term has its roots in military history, originating with regimental colours.

Military colours, standards and guidons
In military organizations, the practice of carrying colours, standards, flags, or guidons, both to act as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Ancient Egypt some 5,000 years ago. The Roman Empire also made battle standards reading SPQR a part of their vast armies. It was formalized in the armies of Europe in the High Middle Ages, with standards being emblazoned with the commander's coat of arms.
Sublette Mountain
Sublette Mountain is a mountain summit in Lincoln County, Wyoming, 9,291 feet (2,832 m) in elevation. It is the tallest peak of the Sublette Range, which are part of the Southern Wyoming Overthrust Belt. Sublette Mountain is near the Bear Lake County, Idaho, border.

Lincoln County, Wyoming
Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,581. Its county seat is Kemmerer. Its western border abuts the eastern borders of the states of Idaho and Utah.
Ralph "Bucky" Phillips
Ralph James "Bucky" Phillips (born June 19, 1962) is a convicted murderer from Western New York arrested on September 8, 2006, by the Pennsylvania State Police.  A warrant was issued for his arrest following the shooting of three New York State troopers, one of whom died from his wounds.

On September 7, 2006, he became the 483rd fugitive listed by the FBI on the Ten Most Wanted list. Prior to his capture, Phillips attained the distinction of being one of the few fugitives ever to be simultaneously on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list and U.S. Marshal Service's Top 15 list. He replaced Warren Jeffs on the FBI's list and was apprehended the day after he was added.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
43rd General Assembly of Newfoundland
The members of the 43rd General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in February 1996. The general assembly sat from March 20, 1996 to January 18, 1999.

The Liberal Party led by Brian Tobin formed the government.

Lloyd Snow served as speaker.

There were three sessions of the 43rd General Assembly:

Frederick Russell served as lieutenant governor of Newfoundland until 1997. Arthur Maxwell House succeeded Russell as lieutenant-governor.

Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a political party in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is one of the three parties currently represented in the  Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly, and one of two that had continual representation since Newfoundland became a province of Canada. It has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador for over 60% of time period since Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation as its tenth provinces in 1949 and produced eight of the province's fifteen premiers.
Mitutoyo
Mitutoyo Corporation (株式会社ミツトヨ, Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsutoyo) is a Japanese multinational corporation specializing in measuring instruments and metrological technology, headquartered at Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa.

It was founded in 1934 by Yehan Numata (沼田 恵範 Numata Ehan).

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
Egg taphonomy
Egg taphonomy is the study of the decomposition and fossilization of eggs. The processes of egg taphonomy begin when the egg either hatches or dies. Eggshell fragments are robust and can often travel great distances before burial. More complete egg specimens gradually begin to fill with sediment, which hardens as minerals precipitate out of water percolating through pores or cracks in the shell. Throughout the fossilization process the calcium carbonate composing the eggshell generally remains unchanged, allowing scientists to study its original structure. However, egg fossils buried under sediments at great depth can be subjected to heat, pressure and chemical processes that can alter the structure of its shell through a process called diagenesis.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Watal
The Watal are a community found in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The term 'Watal' also means cobbler in the Kashmiri language. The community is known by many names such as Batal, Battal, and Batul. They natively speak an unclassified Indo-Aryan language called Sheikhgal, or Watali.

The Shupir Watals, who claim to have been also known as Harmādānī Sheikh, are of uncertain origin. They are found mainly in the areas of Srinagar, Tangmarg, Baramulla and Sopore. They speak an Indo-Aryan language known as Sheikha gal or Watali.

Kashmiri language
Kashmiri (English: /kæʃˈmɪəri/ kash-MEER-ee), also known by its endonym Koshur (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced [kəːʃur]), is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Kashmir Valley and surrounding hills of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order.

Since 2020, it has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir's population.
Halszka Wasilewska (soldier)
Halszka Wasilewska, sometimes called Halina, (21 March 1899 – 8 February 1961), WW2 nom-de-guerre Krystyna, was one of the first women to attain the rank of Major in the Polish Armed Forces.

She was a Legionnaire in the First World War and the subsequent Polish-Soviet War in 1920. She participated in the battle for Lwów and in the Polish-Ukrainian War. As an officer, she had special responsibility for training in the women's Polish Armed Forces during the interbellum. With the outbreak of the Second World War, she directed training for the women in the Polish Underground Army. She was captured and tortured by the Nazis and held in Ravensbrück concentration camp for two years. After liberation she rose to the rank of Major of the Women's forces in General Maczek's 1st Armoured Division in postwar Germany.

She was the elder sister of the communist activist Wanda Wasilewska, who has overshadowed her in history.

Polish–Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War, from November 1918 to July 1919, was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic).

The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural, and political differences between the Polish and Ukrainian populations living in the region, as Poland and both Ukrainian republics emerged from the collapse of the Russian and Austrian empires.

The war started in Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and spilled over into the Chełm and Volhynia regions formerly belonging to the Russian Empire.

Poland won the disputed territory on 18 July 1919.
Kate Eckhardt
Kate Eckhardt (born 29 October 1997) is an Australian slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2013.

She won three medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (K1 team: 2023) and two bronzes (K1: 2025, K1 team: 2017).

She is currently studying a Bachelor of Health Sciences at Deakin University.

2017 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2017 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships was the 38th edition of the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. The event took place from 22 September to 1 October 2017 in Pau, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF) at the Pau-Pyrénées Whitewater Stadium. Pau was also hosting the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships as part of the same event.

The Mixed C2 event returned to the world's program for the first time since 1981. The men's C2 team event was not a world championship event due to only 4 countries participating. A non-olympic event must have participants from at least 6 countries to be counted as a world championship.

A brand new medal event was the Extreme K1 which has been part of the World Cup program since 2016.
Paralympic football
Paralympic football consists of adaptations of the sport of association football for athletes with a physical disability. These sports are typically played using International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) rules, with modifications to the field of play, equipment, numbers of players, and other rules as required to make the game suitable for the athletes.

The two most prominent versions of Paralympic football are 5-a-side football for athletes with visual impairments, and 7-a-side football for athletes with cerebral palsy.

Physical disability
A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders.
East Point, Northern Territory
East Point is an inner northern suburb of the city of Darwin, Northern Territory of Australia. It is the traditional country and waterways of the Larrakia people.

East Point, Lee Point and Point Charles all appear on Goyder's original plan of Port Darwin in 1869. This point, the easterly extremity of the entrance to Darwin Harbour has been used for a variety of purposes. It was the site of naval and anti-aircraft guns during World War II (1942–46), a post war golf course and currently a recreation reserve including a pony club and a war museum.

In the 2016 census the suburb of East Point had a population of 14 people.

Larrakia people
The Larrakia people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people in and around Darwin in the Northern Territory.  The Larrakia, who refer to themselves as "Saltwater People", have a vibrant traditional society based on a close relationship with the sea and trade with neighbouring groups such as the Tiwi, Wadjiginy and Djerimanga. These groups share ceremonies and songlines, and intermarry.
Siegfried Barth
Siegfried Barth (23 January 1916 – 19 December 1997) was a German bomber pilot in the Luftwaffe during World War II and commander of the fighter-bomber wing Jagdbombergeschwader 32 (JaBoG 32) of the German Air Force. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, awarded by Nazi Germany. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. As a Bundeswehr officer, he served at the NATO Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) from 1969 to 1972.

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) that commands all NATO operations worldwide. SHAPE is situated in the village of Casteau, near Mons, Belgium.

ACO's and SHAPE's commander is titled Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), and is always a U.S. four-star general officer or flag officer who also serves as Commander, U.S. European Command.

From 1951 to 2003, SHAPE was the headquarters of Allied Command Europe (ACE). Since 2003 SHAPE has been the headquarters of ACO, controlling NATO also outside Europe. Even though the geographical scope of its activities was extended, SHAPE retained its traditional name with reference to Europe.
Tom Forrestall
Thomas DeVany Forrestall CM ONS (11 March 1936 – 15 November 2024) was a Canadian realist painter. Forrestall was born in Middleton, Nova Scotia and studied with Alex Colville at Mount Allison University. He became a fulltime professional artist in 1960. His works, chiefly painted in watercolour or egg tempera, are held by major galleries throughout Canada.

Art Gallery of Nova Scotia
The Art Gallery of Nova Scotia (AGNS) is a public provincial art museum based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The art museum's primary building complex is located in downtown Halifax and takes up approximately 6,200 square metres (67,000 sq ft) of space. The museum complex comprises the former Dominion building and two floors of the adjacent Provincial building.

The museum was established in 1908 as the Nova Scotia Museum of Fine Arts and was renamed the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia in 1975. The museum moved into the Dominion building in 1988 and expanded the museum complex in 1998.

The museum's permanent collection has over 18,000 works by Nova Scotian, Canadian, and international artists. Its collection is exhibited in its main location in Halifax as well as its satellite branch in Yarmouth. In addition to exhibiting works from its permanent collection, the museum has also organized and hosted a number of travelling arts exhibitions.
Clemens Braun
Clemens Braun (1862–1933) was a German musician, teacher, composer and organist from Dresden.

From 1876 to 1881 he was a student under Franz Wüllner at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Dresden. Braun was leader of the Dresdner Akademischen Gesangvereins from 1882 as well as of the Bach Society. From 1895 to 1898 he was organist at the Sophienkirche, and between 1898 and 1925 at the Annenkirche in Dresden.

Braun was a close friend of the painter Conrad Felixmüller, who painted his portrait and a woodcut depicting him on his deathbed.

He was buried in the cemetery in Klotzsche.

Anne's Church, Dresden
Anne's Church (German: Annenkirche) is named in honour of Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony. The original 1578 church was destroyed by Prussian troops in 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The new church was opened in 1769.
Tosmurlu
Tosmurlu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,203 (2022). It is situated to the north of Turkish state highway D.715 and to the west of Silifke. The distance to Silifke is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) and to Mersin is 88 kilometres (55 mi). According to the village web page the village was founded by the Yörüks (once nomadic Turkmans) about two centuries ago. The village economy depends on cereal agriculture. Sesame, olive, figs, grapes and honey locust are among the other crops. Some village residents work in various services in nearby Silifke.

State road D.715 (Turkey)
State road D.715 is a north-to-south state road in Turkey. The northern end of the 415-kilometre (258 mi) road merges with State road D.750 at a location popularly known as Kulu makası (Kulu junction) north of Lake Tuz. The southern end of the road merges with State road D.400 in Silifke. D-715 runs through the provinces of Konya, Karaman and Mersin.
Jack Crawford (politician)
Jack Mitchell Crawford (1 March 1916 – 18 August 1982) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Armidale to overseer Alexander Crawford and Ethel Mallam. He was a stock worker at Trangie, and from 1939 to 1945 served in the AIF, attaining the rank of major. On his return he moved to Dubbo. In 1941 he had married Joan Brooks; they had three daughters. A member of the Country Party, he was on the party council from 1959 to 1977, the central executive from 1959 to 1971, and was vice-chairman from 1962 to 1963. He was briefly a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, serving from February to April 1970. Crawford died at Glebe in 1982.

New South Wales National Party
The New South Wales National Party, officially known as the National Party of Australia – N.S.W. and commonly known as the NSW Nationals, is an Australian political party in New South Wales which forms the state branch of the federal National Party.

The party has generally been the junior partner in a centre-right Coalition with the NSW branch of the Liberal Party of Australia. Since 1927, the Nationals have been in Coalition with the Liberals and their predecessors, the Nationalist Party of Australia (1927–1931), the United Australia Party (1931–1943), and the Democratic Party (1943–1945). During periods of conservative government, the leader of the Nationals also serves as Deputy Premier of New South Wales. When the conservatives are in opposition, the Liberal and National parties usually form a joint opposition bench. New South Wales is the only state where the Coalition has never been broken, and yet has not merged into a unified non-Labor party.
Joseph Bertiers
Joseph Mbatia Bertiers (born 1963) is a Kenyan painter and sculptor. He is best known for his imaginative depictions of political history and life-size scrap metal sculptures.

In 2006, Bertiers was selected to participate in Dak’Art and won first prize at a national competition for contemporary art organized by Alliance Française and the Goethe-Institut in Nairobi. His artwork has been exhibited across Africa, Europe, and North America.

Alliance française
Alliance française (French pronunciation: [aljɑ̃s fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; "French Alliance", stylised as af) is an international organization that aims to promote the French language and francophone culture around the world. Created in Paris on 21 July 1883 under the name Alliance française pour la propagation de la langue nationale dans les colonies et à l'étranger (French alliance for the propagation of the national language in the colonies and abroad), known now simply as L'Alliance française, its primary goal is teaching French as a second language. Headquartered in Paris, the Alliance had 850 centers in 137 countries on every inhabited continent in 2014.
Otto Delphin Amundsen
Otto Delphin Amundsen (6 July 1896 – 9 March 1957) was a Norwegian genealogist.

He was born in Kristiania to Olaf G. Amundsen and Wilhelmine Petersen. He married porcelain designer and ceramist Nora Gulbrandsen in 1943. He was an engineer by profession, but is best known for working on the history of individuals and families. He issued ahnentafels of the families Arentz, Astrup, Bay, Lange and Wiese, as well as a book of biographies about laureates of the Order of St. Olav: Den kongelige norske Sankt Olavs Orden 1847–1947 for the Order's 100th anniversary in 1947. He has also edited the book of student biographies from the Norwegian Institute of Technology: Vi fra NTH.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.