hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannes Kromayer
Johannes Kromayer (31 July 1859 in Stralsund – 23 September 1934 in Berlin) was a German classical historian. He was an older brother of dermatologist Ernst Kromayer (1862–1933).

He studied classical philology and ancient history at the universities of Jena and Strasbourg, then afterwards worked as a schoolteacher in Thann (1884–88), Metz (1888–93) and Strasbourg (1893–1900). In 1898 he obtained his habilitation for ancient history, and in 1902 became an associate professor at the University of Czernowitz (full professor 1903). From 1913 to 1927 he was a professor of ancient history at the University of Leipzig.

In 1900 he took part in an expedition to Greece in order to study ancient battlefield sites. In 1907/08 he studied ancient battlefields in Italy and North Africa. As a result of his research, he published the four-volume Antike Schlachtfelder ("Ancient Battlefields", 1903–1931).

Thann, Haut-Rhin
Thann (French pronunciation: [tan] ⓘ; Alsatian: Dànn, pronounced [tɔn], German: Thann) is a commune in the northeastern French department of Haut-Rhin, in Grand Est. It is the sous-préfecture of the arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller and part of the canton of Cernay. Its inhabitants are known as Thannois.
Hadamard derivative
In mathematics, the Hadamard derivative is a concept of directional derivative for maps between Banach spaces. It is particularly suited for applications in stochastic programming and asymptotic statistics.

Asymptotic theory (statistics)
In statistics, asymptotic theory, or large sample theory, is a framework for assessing properties of estimators and statistical tests. Within this framework, it is often assumed that the sample size n may grow indefinitely; the properties of estimators and tests are then evaluated under the limit of n → ∞. In practice, a limit evaluation is considered to be approximately valid for large finite sample sizes too.
Lee Sang-il (footballer)
Lee Sang-Il  (Korean: 이상일; born 25 May 1979) is a South Korean football midfielder, who last played for Changsha Ginde in Chinese Super League. His previous clubs were Beveren and Germinal Beerschot in Belgium and Daegu FC and Chunnam Dragons in K-League.

Jeonnam Dragons
The Jeonnam Dragons (Korean: 전남 드래곤즈 FC) are a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. The Dragons play their home matches at the Gwangyang Football Stadium, one of the first football-specific stadiums in South Korea. They have won the Korean FA Cup four times (1997, 2006, 2007 and 2021) and were the runners-up of K League in 1997. They also reached the final of the 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost to Al Ittihad.
BSFA Award for Best Artwork
The BSFA Awards are given every year by the British Science Fiction Association. The BSFA Award for Best Artwork is open to any artwork with speculative themes that first appeared in the previous year. Provided the artwork hasn't been published before it doesn't matter where it appears. The ceremonies are named after the year that the eligible works were published, despite the awards being given out in the next year.

Prior to 1986 the award was presented for best artist, rather than artwork. Jim Burns won three of the seven Best Artist awards. He went on to win eleven Best Artwork awards.

Titan Publishing Group
Titan Publishing Group is the publishing division of the British entertainment company Titan Entertainment, which was established as Titan Books in 1981. The books division has two main areas of publishing: film and television tie-ins and cinema reference books; and graphic novels and comics references and art titles. Its imprints are Titan Books, Titan Comics, Titan Magazines and Titan Manga.
Reformed Presbyterian Church of Brazil
The Reformed Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Portuguese: Igreja Presbiteriana Reformada do Brasil) is a Presbyterian denomination founded on October 31, 2000, by Rev. Joacir Emerick Eler and former members of the Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, in Caratinga,  Minas Gerais.

From the work of planting churches, the denomination spread to several cities in the state.

In Caratinga, the church is known for its social work, such as preventing drug use among young people.

In addition to Caratinga, other cities in which the denomination has churches or congregations are: Santa Bárbara, Santa Rita de Minas and Santa Margarida.

Santa Margarida, Minas Gerais
Santa Margarida is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the mesoregion of Zona da Mata and to the microregion of Manhuaçu.  As of 2020, the estimated population was 16,302.
Short, Mississippi
Short is an unincorporated community in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, United States. It was one of the earliest settlements in the county, and once had its own post office, a high school, a bowling alley, and three bars; but most of its former territory and its establishments were drowned by the damming of the Tennessee River and the subsequent creation of Pickwick Lake.

T. Jeff Busby was born near Short, and went on to be a US Representative from Mississippi from 1923 to 1935.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Mitsuru Matsumura
Mitsuru Matsumura (松村 充, Matsumura Mitsuru, born on April 9, 1957, in Yokohama) is a Japanese former competitive figure skater. He won the Japanese national title in the 1978–79 season and competed at two Winter Olympics, placing 11th in 1976 (Innsbruck) and 8th in 1980 (Lake Placid, New York). He also appeared at seven World Championships, achieving his best results, 6th, at the 1980 Worlds in Dortmund. After retiring from competition, he became a coach.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
Alpine A106
The Alpine A106 is a sports car that was the first of a line of light-weight glass-fibre bodied, rear-engined two-door coupés produced for a young competition-oriented Dieppe based Renault dealer called Jean Rédélé. The car was based on mechanical components from the Renault 4CV.

Coupe
A coupe or coupé (/kuːˈpeɪ/, also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors.

The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".

Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'".
Taastrup FC
Taastrup FC is an association football club based in the town of Taastrup, Denmark, that competes in the Zealand Series, one of the sixth tiers of the Danish football league system. The club is affiliated to DBU Zealand which is part of the Danish Football Union, and plays its home matches at Taastrup Idrætspark where it has been based since its establishment.

Football in Denmark
Association football (Danish: fodbold) is the most popular sport in Denmark, with 331,693 players and 1,647 clubs registered (as of 2016) under the Danish FA. Over half of the people in Denmark are interested in football.

Football was introduced into Denmark by British sailors. Kjøbenhavns Boldklub is the oldest club outside of the United Kingdom, having been founded on 26 April 1876.

Denmark hosted the 1984 European Competition for Women's Football, the 1991 UEFA Women's Euro, the 1994 European Cup Winners' Cup final, the 2000 UEFA Cup Final, the 2003 UEFA Women's Cup Final, as well as three group stage matches and a round of 16 match of the UEFA Euro 2020.
Brian Fletcher
Brian Fletcher (18 May 1947 – 11 January 2017) was an English jockey known for riding the horse Red Rum to win the Grand National in 1973 and 1974 and for second place in 1975. He first won the Grand National at the age of 20, in 1968 riding Red Alligator.

1975 Grand National
The 1975 Grand National (officially known as the  News of the World Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 129th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 5 April 1975. The race was won by 13/2 second-favourite L'Escargot, ridden by Tommy Carberry, in a time of nine minutes and 31.1 seconds and by a distance of 15 lengths over 7/2 favourite Red Rum, who was thus denied a third consecutive win.
Nikolay Palauzov
Nikolay Hristoforovich Palauzov (Bulgarian: Николай Христофорович Палаузов; 1821 – 2 March 1899) was a Bulgarian-Russian journalist and a Bulgarian Renaissance activist.

Palauzov was born in Gabrovo. He initially studied in his home town and in 1842 graduated from Richelieu Lyceum in Odessa. During his period in Odessa Palauzov was given a Russian citizenship. He was among the founders of the Bulgarian Board of Trustees in Odessa and its president until the end of his life. Through his work Palauzov won the Bulgarian cause important Russian activists and policy makers. He also translated from Russian into Bulgarian and worked for newspapers in Odessa and Carigrad.

Bulgarian Revival
The Bulgarian Revival (Bulgarian: Българско възраждане, romanized: Balgarsko vazrazhdane, Turkish: Bulgar ulus canlanması), also called the Bulgarian National Revival, was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among Bulgarian people under Ottoman rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book, Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya, written in 1762 by Paisius, a Bulgarian monk of the Hilandar monastery at Mount Athos, leading to the National awakening of Bulgaria and the modern Bulgarian nationalism, and lasting until the creation of autonomous status for Bulgaria with the formation of the Principality of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.
Cortley Ridge raid
The Special Air Service (SAS), along with men from the Special Boat Squadron (SBS), attempted to carry out a diversionary amphibious raid on the northern bank of Stanley Harbour on the east coast of East Falkland island on the night of 13–14 June 1982. The plan was, as 2 PARA attacked Wireless Ridge, four Rigid Raider fast landing crafts (steered by Sergeant Buckle, Lance-Corporal Gilbert and Marines Kavanagh and Nordic) and carrying some 30 SAS soldiers from D Squadron and six SBS reinforcements from 3 section, would travel across the harbour and destroy the oil storage facilities on Cortley Ridge.

Stanley Harbour
Stanley Harbour is a large inlet on the east coast of East Falkland island. A strait called "the Narrows" leads into Port William.

It serves the town of the same name – Stanley – as a harbour. Stanley has sprawled along the south shore of the harbour, to gain shelter from the low hill of Stanley Common. As such this is the busiest waterway of the Falkland Islands and frequently visited by cruise ships, freighters and navy vessels, although this has lessened since the building of the two airports at RAF Mount Pleasant and Port Stanley Airport. It was formerly, and still is to some extent, a repair yard for vessels damaged in South Atlantic storms, or needing to restock.
William Harvey (1663–1731)
William Harvey (1663 – 31 October 1731) was a British Tory politician.

He was baptised on 18 December 1663 and was the oldest surviving son of Sir Eliab Harvey and Dorothy (nee Whitmore) and the brother of Eliab Harvey. He was educated at St. Paul's School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He married Dorothy, the daughter of Sir Robert Dycer, 2nd Baronet on 23 November 1680 and had three sons and three daughters. His son, William sat as MP for Old Sarum.

He sat as MP for Old Sarum from 25 March 1689 till 1705, Appleby from 1705 till 1708, Old Sarum from 1708 till 1710, Weymouth and Melcombe Regis from 18 April 1711 till 1713 and 3 June 1714 till 1715. He was returned for Essex in a by-election in 1715 and sat as MP till 18 May 1716. He was re-elected to Essex in 1722 and did not stand in 1727.

Appleby (UK Parliament constituency)
Appleby was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Westmorland in England. It existed for two separate periods: from 1295 to 1832, and from 1885 to 1918.

Appleby was enfranchised as parliamentary borough in 1295, and abolished by the Great Reform Act 1832. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) using the bloc vote system. It was represented in the House of Commons of England until the Acts of Union 1707, in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. Its best-known MP was William Pitt the Younger who became prime minister in 1783 at the age of 24.

For the 1885 general election the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 created a county constituency of the same name, which returned a single MP elected by the first-past-the-post system. The county constituency was abolished at the 1918 general election.
Esperanza, Santa Fe
Esperanza is a city in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It has 46,753 inhabitants according to the 2022 census [INDEC] and it is the head town of the Las Colonias Department.

Esperanza is at the heart of the most important dairy district of the country (milk production is based on the Holando-Argentino breed). Cattle farming is also a major activity. Additionally it hosts many small and medium industries in a variety of sectors (wood, metal mechanics, food products, book printing, editorials, textile, leather, etc.).

Provinces of Argentina
Argentina has 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which serves as the federal capital, as determined by Congress.

The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under a federal system.
Trahaearn ap Caradog
Trahaearn ap Caradog (1044–1081) was a King of Gwynedd. Trahaearn was a son of Caradog ap Gwyn, ruler of Arwystli (in the south of present-day Montgomeryshire, Wales), a small state, on the south-western border between Gwynedd and Powys. He was born in 1044 in Arwystli, and died in 1081 in Mynydd Carn in Pembrokeshire, at the Battle of Mynydd Carn.

Kingdom of Powys
The Kingdom of Powys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈpowɪs]; Latin: Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the northern two-thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found there, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as "the Paradise of Powys" (an epithet retained in Welsh for the modern UK county).
Snowshoe Lake (Thunder Bay District)
Snowshoe Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada, and part of the Lake Superior drainage basin. It is about 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) long and 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide, and lies at an elevation of 293 metres (961 ft). The primary inflow is an unnamed creek from Camel Read Lake, and primary outflow is an unnamed creek to Wabinosh Bay on Lake Nipigon (just 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the mouth of the Wabinosh River) which flows via the Nipigon River into Lake Superior.

Nipigon River
The Nipigon River is located in Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is about 48 km (30 mi) long (or 209 kilometres (130 mi) when measured to the head of Ombabika River) and 50 to 200 m (160 to 660 ft) wide, and flows from Lake Nipigon to Nipigon Bay on Lake Superior at the community of Red Rock, dropping from an elevation of 260 to 183 m (853 to 600 ft). It is the largest tributary of Lake Superior.

Since 1943, 14,360 square kilometres (5,545 sq mi) of the Ogoki River basin has been diverted to the headwaters of the Little Jackfish River, a tributary of Lake Nipigon. This diversion increases the size of the river's watershed by almost 60% to 39,760 square kilometres (15,350 sq mi), and contributes an average of about 116 cubic metres per second (4,100 cu ft/s) to the Nipigon River. This increased flow has caused significant erosion and landslides along the river.
Rodenticide
Rodenticides are chemicals made and sold for the purpose of killing rodents. While commonly referred to as "rat poison", rodenticides are also used to kill mice, woodchucks, chipmunks, porcupines, nutria, beavers, and voles.

Some rodenticides are lethal after one exposure while others require more than one. Rodents are disinclined to gorge on an unknown food (perhaps reflecting an adaptation to their inability to vomit), preferring to sample, wait and observe whether it makes them or other rats sick. This phenomenon of poison shyness is the rationale for poisons that kill only after multiple doses.

Besides being directly toxic to the mammals that ingest them, including dogs, cats, and humans, many rodenticides present a secondary poisoning risk to animals that hunt or scavenge the dead corpses of rats.

Vole
Voles are small rodents that are relatives of lemmings and hamsters, but with a stouter body; a longer, hairy tail; a slightly rounder head; smaller eyes and ears; and differently formed molars (high-crowned with angular cusps instead of low-crowned with rounded cusps). They are sometimes known as meadow mice or field mice.

Vole species form the subfamily Arvicolinae with the lemmings and the muskrats. There are approximately 155 different vole species.
Meteora (horse)
Meteora (1802–1821) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won the classic Oaks Stakes at Epsom Downs Racecourse in 1805. In a racing career which began with her win in the Oaks on 31 May 1805 and lasted until July 1810 she ran thirty-six timeas and won twenty-four races. She defeated the Derby winner Cardinal Beaufort and the St Leger winner Staveley in match races and won many other important races of the era including the Stamford Gold Cup (three times), the Oatlands Stakes (twice), the Audley End Stakes, the Somerset Stakes and the Brighton Gold Cup. Many of her defeats occurred when she was carrying large weights in handicap races.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
Crimewave (song)
"Crimewave" is a song performed by Canadian experimental band Crystal Castles from Crystal Castles' self-titled debut album Crystal Castles. It was first released to music blogs in 2006. It was released physically on limited 7" vinyl on August 13, 2007 by Trouble Records, accompanied by the B-side "XxzxcuZx Me". The song is a re-working of the Health track of the same name written by the band members of Health for their eponymous debut album. It was re-written by Ethan Kath of Crystal Castles. Kath also produced the re-worked track. The song contains prominent electro and chiptune musical characteristics.

"Crimewave" achieved critical praise from most contemporary music critics. Critics complimented the song's originality and the emotion it brought to the electronic music scene. The single was accompanied by a music video upon its re-release in 2008.

Health (Health album)
Health (also known unofficially as You Will Love Each Other) is the debut album by American noise rock band Health.  The album was recorded at the Los Angeles club The Smell.

In 2014, NME listed the album as one of the "101 Albums to Hear Before You Die," where it ranked 68th.
Terguride
Terguride (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, JANTooltip Japanese Accepted Name), sold under the brand name Teluron, is a serotonin receptor antagonist and dopamine receptor agonist of the ergoline family. It is approved for and used as a prolactin inhibitor in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels) in Japan. Terguride is taken by mouth.

Japanese Accepted Name
A Japanese Accepted Name (Japanese: 日本医薬品一般的名称, Hepburn: Nihon Iyakuhin Ippan-teki Meishō) (JAN) is the official non-proprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance by the Government of Japan.
Little Sheila
"Little Sheila" is a song by English rock band Slade, released in 1985 as the fourth and final single from the band's twelfth studio album, Rogues Gallery. The song was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and was produced by John Punter.

In North America, "Little Sheila" was released by CBS as the album's only single. The song received strong airplay in the US, and reached number 13 on the Billboard Top Rock Tracks chart and number 16 on the Radio & Records AOR Tracks chart. "Little Sheila" was also the band's last entry on the Billboard Hot 100, where it reached number 86. In Germany, the song was issued by RCA as the fourth and final single from Rogues Gallery.

Radio & Records
Radio & Records (R&R) was a trade publication providing news and airplay information for the radio and music industries.  It started as an independent trade from 1973 to 2006 until VNU Media took over in 2006 and became a relaunched sister trade to Billboard, until its final issue in 2009.