hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rodolfo Hurtado
Rodolfo Hurtado (full name Rodolfo Hurtado Duhart) (b. 1940 – d. 2005) was a Mexican artist, considered to be part of the “Intermediate Generation” or that which came to prominence after the Generación de la Ruptura. His works are abstract but maintain a strong link to the figurative, which gives them a dream-like quality. Although he won awards and was a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana during his lifetime, his work is not well known now in part because he did not do as much to promote it as other artists did.

Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, "abstract" is sometimes used as a synonym of non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.
Devadoss
Devadoss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Devadoss (1868–1951), Indian judge

Manohar Devadoss (1936–2022), Indian artist and writer

Satyan Devadoss, American mathematician

Satyan Devadoss
Satyan L. Devadoss is the Fletcher Jones Professor of Applied Mathematics and Professor of Computer Science at the University of San Diego. His research concerns topology and geometry, mostly seen through a discrete and computational lens, with inspiration coming from theoretical physics, phylogenetics, and scientific visualization.
Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (Norwegian: Helse Øst RHF) was a regional health authority that covered the counties of Akershus, Hedmark, Oppland, Oslo and Østfold. The authority was founded on January 1, 2002, but merged with the Southern Norway Regional Health Authority to form the new Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority on June 1, 2007.

The eight health trusts owned by the authority were Aker University Hospital, Akershus University Hospital, Asker and Bærum Hospital Trust, Østfold Hospital Trust, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Sunnaas Hospital, Ullevål University Hospital. It also owned part of Southern and Eastern Norway Pharmaceutical Trust.

Health trust
Health trust or HF (Norwegian: helseforetak) is a health enterprise owned by one of the four regional health authorities in Norway, with responsibility for performing a geographic and/or specialist activities of operations on behalf of the regional health authority. There are 43 HFs in Norway, each led by a board of directors appointed by the authority. Most HFs are responsible for one or more hospitals, though some are solely responsible for pharmacies. The trusts are regulated by the Health Trust Act of 15 June 2001.
Frank J. Hennessy
Frank James Hennessy (November 19, 1880 – March 18, 1957) was an American politician and lawyer, best known for being United States Attorney for the Northern District of California in the 1940s and early 1950s. His office was located in the San Francisco Post Office Building on 7th and Mission Streets. In the late 1940s, he was often involved in the affairs of Alcatraz Island, working with its first warden James A. Johnston on legal matters surrounding the controversial prison institution. He was the son of William Pope Hennessy, who was a tax commissioner for the Union Pacific Railroad. Hennessy was a University of California graduate and was married to Maude. He died in 1957 after a long illness; he was 76.

James A. Johnston
James Aloysius Johnston (September 15, 1874 – September 7, 1954) was an American politician and prison warden who served as the first and longest-serving warden of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, serving from 1934 to 1948. He had earlier served as warden of California state prisons at Folsom (1912-1913) and San Quentin (1914-1924).
El Siglo (Argentina)
El Siglo is a newspaper edited in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán Province, Argentina. It was founded on December 4, 1990, as Siglo XXI, but following its sale in 1998, the name was changed to its current form. The daily ranks third in the city of Tucumán by circulation, behind La Gaceta and El Tribuno de Tucumán.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.
Sabellidae
Sabellidae, or feather duster worms, are a family of marine polychaete tube worms characterized by protruding feathery branchiae.  Sabellids build tubes out of a tough, parchment-like exudate, strengthened with sand and bits of shell. Unlike the other sabellids, the genus Glomerula secretes a tube of calcium carbonate instead. Sabellidae can be found in subtidal habitats around the world. Their oldest fossils are known from the Early Jurassic.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Frank Glazier
Frank H. Glazier (January 4, 1934 – January 28, 1993) was an American football coach.  He served as the head football coach at William Paterson University team in Wayne Township, New Jersey for four years, from 1978 to 1981, compiled a record of 17–22–1. He had previously coached at Long Branch High School. Glazier died in Stuart, Florida on January 28, 1993, at the age of 59.

Long Branch High School
Long Branch High School is a comprehensive, four-year community public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades in the city of Long Branch, in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Long Branch Public Schools. LBPS, one of 31 special-needs Abbott districts in the state, serves the city of Long Branch. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commissions on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,515 students and 122.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1. There were 901 students (59.5% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 178 (11.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Student Peace Prize
The Student Peace Prize (SPP) is awarded biennially to a student or a student organization that has made a significant contribution to creating peace and promoting human rights. The Student Peace Prize was established in 1999 – as an initiative by volunteers from the International Student Festival in Trondheim (ISFiT). The prize is awarded on behalf of all Norwegian students, and is administrated by the Student Peace Prize Secretariat in Trondheim, which appoints a national nominations committee with representatives from universities and colleges in Norway, as well as an independent Peace Prize Committee that awards the prize. The award ceremony takes place during the International Student Festival in Trondheim (ISFiT).

The current leader of the Student Peace Prize is Martin Støldal Gjervan.

Peace Research Institute Oslo
The Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO; Norwegian: Institutt for fredsforskning) is a private research institution in peace and conflict studies, based in Oslo, Norway, with around 100 employees. It was founded in 1959 by a group of Norwegian researchers led by Johan Galtung, who was also the institute's first director (1959–1969). It publishes the Journal of Peace Research, also founded by Johan Galtung.
Medical Association of Malta
The Medical Association of Malta is a professional association for doctors in Malta.  It is affiliated to the World Medical Association.

It was founded, initially as the Medical Officers Union, in 1954 by Dr Vincent Tabone.

Dr. Patrick Sammut is the president of the Council of the association for 2025.

It organised a satellite meeting for the Commonwealth People's Forum during the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015 which was held in Malta in November 2015.  Sir Michael Marmot spoke on social inequality.

It opposes private sector involvement in the management of the Maltese health system.

Michael Marmot
Sir Michael Gideon Marmot (born 26 January 1945) is Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London. He is currently the Director of The UCL Institute of Health Equity. Marmot has led research groups on health inequalities for over thirty years, working for various international and governmental bodies.
In 2023, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

He has won several awards including 2012 Lifetime Award Fellowship Eur Academy of Occupational Health Psychology, 2012 Patron of Medsin-UK, 2010 Manchester Doubleday Award, and 2004 Alwyn Smith Prize Medal.
A. K. M. Miraj Uddin
A. K. M. Miraj Uddin (born 11 March 1948 – disappeared 8 December 1971) was a Bangladeshi athlete, politician and a freedom fighter. As an athlete, he achieved success in hurdling, pole vault and long jump in primary and secondary school. He also competed in Pakistani national sporting events from 1963 to 1970, setting multiple records. He is considered one of the best athletes of Bangladesh's pre-independence era. He fought in various battlefields of Manikganj as an active freedom fighter in Bangladesh Liberation War. He was captured by the Pakistani army during the war and later went missing. The Shaheed Miraj–Tapan Stadium in Manikganj was named in honour of him and another martyred freedom fighter Tapan Chowdhury.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
Battle of Ulubad
The Battle of Ulubad was fought sometime between 9 March and early May 1403 at Ulubad between the rival sons of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, Mehmed Çelebi and İsa Çelebi, during the first stages of the civil war known as the Ottoman Interregnum. The battle was a major victory for Mehmed, who occupied the Ottoman capital, Bursa, and became master of the Ottomans' Anatolian domains. İsa fled to the Byzantine capital Constantinople, while Mehmed proceeded to formally lay claim to the succession of Bayezid by an enthronement ceremony in Bursa, and by having his father's body buried there. By 18 May 1403, however, İsa returned to Anatolia with an army provided by their oldest brother, Süleyman Çelebi, ruler of Rumelia. İsa was again defeated and eventually killed after a series of battles by September.

Süleyman Çelebi
Süleyman Çelebi (also Emir Süleyman; fl. c. 1389/90 – 17 February 1411) was an Ottoman prince and a co-ruler of the Ottoman Empire for several years during the Ottoman Interregnum. There is a tradition of Western origin, according to which Suleiman the Magnificent was "Suleiman II", but that tradition has been based on an erroneous assumption that Süleyman Çelebi was to be recognised as a legitimate sultan.
Weight loss
In medicine, health, or physical fitness, weight loss is a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue). Weight loss can either occur unintentionally because of malnourishment or an underlying disease, or from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state.  "Unexplained" weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or increase in exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition.

Thermogenesis
Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in the metabolism of organisms.  It occurs in all warm-blooded animals, and also in a few species of thermogenic plants such as the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum), and the giant water lilies of the genus Victoria. The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum,  disperses its seeds explosively through thermogenesis. Thermoregulation is an important component of a homeothermic animal's resting metabolic rate (RMR) and serves to defend body temperature within narrow limits at low or high ambient temperature.  The energy used to sustain thermogenesis is obtained in cellular respiration when nutrients such as glucose or fatty acids are oxidized to generate molecules of ATP.
Acoustic interferometer
An acoustic interferometer is an instrument that uses interferometry to measure the physical characteristics of sound waves in a gas or liquid. It may be used to measure velocity, wavelength, absorption, or impedance of the sound waves. The principle of operation is that a vibrating crystal creates ultrasonic waves that are radiated into the medium being analyzed. The waves strike a reflector placed parallel to the crystal. The waves are then reflected back to the source and measured.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Mandal, Selenge
Mandal (Mongolian: Мандал) is a sum (district) of Selenge Province in northern Mongolia. The Züünkharaa city is Mandal sum center. The Kherkh urban-type settlement is 5 km south from Züünkharaa city center, separated with Kharaa Gol river. The Tünkhel urban-type settlement is 44 km SE from Züünkharaa city center. The population of Mandal sum is 25,600 as of 2014.

Trans-Mongolian Railway crosses the sum's territory.

Boroo Gold Mine is 30 km southwest from Züünkharaa city. Gatsuurt Gold Mine is 30 km southeast from Züünkharaa city.

Trans-Mongolian Railway
The Trans-Mongolian Railway (Mongolian: Транс-Монголын төмөр зам, romanized: Trans-Mongoliin tömör zam, pronounced [tʰr̥áns‿mɔɴɢɞ̆ɮíŋ tʰɵ́mɵ̆r̥ t͡sam]) connects Ulan-Ude on the Trans-Siberian Railway in Buryatia, Russia, with Ulanchab in Inner Mongolia, China, via Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It was completed in 1956, and runs from northwest to southeast with major stations at Naushki/Sükhbaatar on the Russian border, Darkhan, Züünkharaa, Choir, Sainshand, and Zamyn-Üüd/Erenhot on the Chinese border, where the railway changes from single-track to double-track and its gauge changes from 1,520 mm Russian gauge to 1,435 mm standard gauge. The railway also has important branch lines to Erdenet and Baganuur.
AM-1714
AM-1714 (part of the AM cannabinoid series) is a drug that acts as a reasonably selective agonist of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2, with sub-nanomolar affinity and 490x selectivity over the related CB1 receptor. In animal studies it has both analgesic and anti-allodynia effects. The 9-methoxy derivative AM-1710 has similar CB2 affinity but only 54x selectivity over CB1.

Cannabinoid receptor 1
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. It was discovered by determination and characterization in 1988, and cloned in 1990 for the first time. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol; plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild dagga, the compound tetrahydrocannabinol which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin at low doses and at higher doses, it activates the CB1 receptor as an agonist, but with less potency than tetrahydrocannabinol.

The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide.
JanusVR
JanusVR was a company based in San Mateo, California, and Toronto, Ontario, that developed virtual reality web browsing software.  It was founded by James McCrae and Karan Singh in December 2014. Named after Janus, the Roman God of passages, JanusVR portrayed web content in multi-dimensional spaces interconnected by portals. The company shut down in 2019, but released their code as open source in the hopes that the community would continue its development.

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
Antonio Gasparinetti
Antonio Gasparinetti (3 June 1777 – 1824) was an Italian poet, playwright and military officer in Napoleon's Armée d'Italie. Born in the Province of Treviso, he joined a light cavalry regiment as a lieutenant in 1797 and rose to the rank of colonel by the end of his career in 1814. He distinguished himself in several major battles of the Napoleonic wars, including the Battle of Wagram when he was awarded the Legion of Honor by Napoleon. After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, he was deeply involved in the Congiura di Brescia-Milano, a plot to overthrow Austrian rule in northern Italy. When the conspiracy was discovered, he was arrested and spent nearly four years in prison. Following his release in 1818 he devoted himself to literary pursuits and collecting military memorabilia. Gasparinetti was married to the opera singer Elisabetta Gafforini from 1812 until his death in Milan at the age of 47.

Eugène de Beauharnais
Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (French: [øʒɛn d(ə) boaʁnɛ]; 3 September 1781 – 21 February 1824) was a French statesman and military officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Through the second marriage of his mother, Joséphine de Beauharnais, he was the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte. Under the French Empire, he also became Napoleon's adopted son (but not the heir to the imperial throne). He was Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy under his stepfather, from 1805 to 1814, and commanded the Army of Italy during the Napoleonic Wars. Historians consider him one of Napoleon's most able relatives.
Chery (surname)
Chery or Chéry is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jason Chery (born 1985), American football wide receiver

Monès Chéry (born 1981), Haitian footballer

Tjaronn Chery (born 1988), Dutch footballer

Jason Chery
Jason Leon Chery (born May 31, 1985) is an American former football wide receiver in the Arena Football League for the Tampa Bay Storm. He was also a member of the Carolina Panthers and Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
Ortmanniana pectorosa
Ortmanniana pectorosa, previously Actinonaias pectorosa, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Its common name is the pheasantshell.

This species is endemic to the drainages of the Cumberland River and the Tennessee River in the United States.

Cumberland River
The Cumberland River is a major waterway of the Southern United States. The 688-mile-long (1,107 km) river drains almost 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of southern Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River. Major tributaries include the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, and Red Rivers.

Although the Cumberland River basin is predominantly rural, there are also some large cities on the river, including Nashville and Clarksville, both in Tennessee.

The river system has been extensively altered for flood control. Major dams impound areas of both the main stem and many of its important tributaries.
Post Luxembourg
POST Luxembourg, formerly known as Entreprise des Postes et Télécommunications (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃tʁəpʁiz de pɔst e telekɔmynikasjɔ̃], "Postal and Telecommunications Company"; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerger Post), is a mail and telecommunications company based in Luxembourg.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.