hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
England Preserved
England Preserved is a 1795 historical play by the British politician and writer George Watson-Taylor. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 21 February 1795. The original cast included Alexander Pope as Earl of Pembroke, Thomas Hull as Bishop of Winchester, William Farren as Earl of Chester, Joseph George Holman as Earl of Surrey, James Middleton as William Mareschal, William Davies as Earl of Lincoln, John Richardson as Lord Robert Fitzwalter, William Macready as English knight, George Davies Harley as French Prince, William Claremont as Vicomte De Beaumant and Tryphosa Jane Wallis as Lady Surrey. It takes place during the era of the Earl of Pembroke who acts as Lord Protector on behalf of his infant nephew in the early fifteenth century.

Lord Protector
Lord Protector (plural: Lords Protector) is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometimes used to refer to holders of other temporary posts; for example, a regent acting for the absent monarch.
Philoces
Philoces (Ancient Greek: Φιλοκής) was Philip V of Macedon's prefect and commander on the island of Euboea. In 200 BC he was ordered by Philip to ravage Attica with 2,000 infantry and 200 cavalry. According to Polybius the ravaging that Philoces gave Attica was the worst since the Persian War. In 197 BC he tried to relieve the city of Eretria but he was driven off by the Roman army besieging the city. He was then put in charge of a group of 1,500 who went to Achaea and relieved Corinth and had Argos surrendered to them.

Philioces later gave Argos to Nabis of Sparta in return for a Spartan alliance with Macedon. Philoces still remained commander of the Macedonian garrison at Argos after the exchange and when Nabis deserted the Macedonians and went over to the Romans, Philoces was offered by the Romans to surrender the city to them. Philoces surrendered the city and was allowed free passage to Macedon. This is the last that is heard about Philoces.

Philip V of Macedon
Philip V (Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Philippos; 238 BC – 179 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by the Social War in Greece (220-217 BC) and a struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. He would lead Macedon against Rome in the First (212-205 BC) and Second (200-196 BC) Macedonian Wars. While he lost the latter, Philip later allied with Rome against Antiochus III in the Roman-Seleucid War. He died in 179 BC from illness after efforts to recover the military and economic condition of Macedonia and passed the throne onto his elder son, Perseus of Macedon.
McCaleb
McCaleb is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris McCaleb (born 1978), American film and television director, producer and editor

Ella McCaleb (1856–1933), American college dean

Ellen McCaleb, American woodworker and painter

Gary D. McCaleb (born 1941), American academic, politician and writer

Jed McCaleb, American computer programmer and entrepreneur

Neal McCaleb (1935–2025), American civil engineer and politician

Theodore Howard McCaleb (1810–1864), American judge

Jed McCaleb
Jed McCaleb is an American programmer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman and ex-CEO of aerospace startup Vast and a co-founder and the CTO of Stellar. Prior to co-founding Stellar, McCaleb founded and served as the CTO of the company Ripple until 2013. McCaleb is also known for creating the Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange, and the peer-to-peer eDonkey and Overnet networks as well as the eDonkey2000 application.

As of April 2025, McCaleb is worth US$2.9 billion according to Forbes' Billionaires List.
Neurological Institute of New York
The Neurological Institute of New York is an American hospital research center located at 710 West 168th Street at the corner of Fort Washington Avenue in the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.

Fort Washington Avenue
Fort Washington Avenue is a major north-south street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. It runs from Fort Tryon Park to 159th Street, where it intersects with Broadway. It goes past Bennett Park, the highest natural point in Manhattan. Famous residents of Fort Washington Avenue include Drs. Henry Kissinger and Ruth Westheimer, TV's "Doctor Ruth".
N'Gohinou
N'Gohinou is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Tiémélékro, M'Batto Department, Moronou Region, Lacs District.

N'Gohinou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Moronou Region
Moronou Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its creation in 2012, it has been one of four regions in Lacs District. The seat of the region is Bongouanou and the region's population in the 2021 census was 439,755.

Moronou is currently divided into three departments: Arrah, Bongouanou, and M'Batto.

Moronou is the most recently created region of Ivory Coast. It was formed in 2012 after the other 30 regions had been organised in 2011. Moronou was created by splitting off three departments from N'Zi Region.
2019 Città di Como Challenger – Doubles
Andre Begemann and Dustin Brown were the defending champions but only Begemann chose to defend his title, partnering Florin Mergea.

Begemann successfully defended his title, defeating Fabrício Neis and Pedro Sousa 5–7, 7–5, [14–12] in the final.

Andre Begemann
Andre Begemann (born 12 July 1984) is a German inactive professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist who reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 36, achieved in May 2015. He has a career-high singles ranking of No. 166, achieved in July 2010. Begemann has won four ATP Tour doubles titles.
Hypericum ericoides
Hypericum ericoides is a dwarf shrub in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae,  section Coridium. It is found in eastern and southeastern Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia. Its preferred habitat is fissures in calcareous rocks in warm, sunny places, from 200 to 2,000 meters above sea level (MASL).

Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.
Lenger, Bozyazı
Lenger is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bozyazı, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 189 (2022). It is situated at the northeast of Bozyazı. The distance to Bozyazı is 35 kilometres (22 mi) and the distance to Mersin is 200 kilometres (120 mi).

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Jaime Rogers
Jaime Juan Rogers (May 13, 1940 – January 4, 2024), pronounced and sometimes credited as Hymie Rogers, was an American dancer, choreographer, and director. Nominated for an Emmy in 1976, and perhaps best known for his work with Sammy Davis Jr. in the Broadway musical Golden Boy, for choreographing the TV series Fame and his part in the film West Side Story, his career spanned the stage, film and television.

Bravo Giovanni
Bravo Giovanni is a musical with a book by A. J. Russell, lyrics by Ronny Graham, and music by Milton Schafer. It is based upon Howard Shaw's 1959 novel, The Crime of Giovanni Venturi. The musical was conceived as a vehicle for opera star Cesare Siepi, and the story concerned a family-owned Italian restaurant's efforts to compete with a restaurant chain.
Minotaure
Minotaure was a Surrealist-oriented magazine founded by Albert Skira and E. Tériade in Paris and published in French between 1933 and 1939. Minotaure  published on the plastic arts, poetry and literature, the avant garde, as well as articles on esoteric and unusual aspects of literary and art histories. Also included were psychoanalytical studies and artistic aspects of anthropology and ethnography. It was a lavish and extravagant magazine by the standards of the 1930s, profusely illustrated with high quality reproductions of art, often in color.

André Breton
André Robert Breton (/brəˈtɔːn/; French: [ɑ̃dʁe ʁɔbɛʁ bʁətɔ̃]; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet, known as a principal theorist and co-founder of surrealism. His writings include the first Surrealist Manifesto (Manifeste du surréalisme) of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure psychic automatism".

Along with his role as leader of the surrealist movement he is the author of celebrated books such as Nadja and L'Amour fou. Those activities, combined with his critical and theoretical work on writing and the plastic arts, made André Breton a major figure in 20th-century French art and literature.
William G. Enloe
William Gilmore "Bill" Enloe (June 15, 1902 – November 22, 1972) was an American businessman and politician who served as the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina from 1957 to 1963. Enloe was born in South Carolina and sold popcorn before moving to North Carolina and taking up work with North Carolina Theatres, Inc. In 1953 he was elected to the City Council of Raleigh. Four years later he was elected Mayor. During his tenure the American South was permeated by civil unrest due to racial segregation. Considered a moderate on civil rights, Enloe criticized black demonstrators and resisted efforts to integrate the theaters he managed, but he eventually compromised and appointed a committee to oversee the desegregation of Raleigh businesses. He left office in 1963, but returned to the city council in 1971. He died the following year. William G. Enloe High School in Raleigh was named in his honor.

Raleigh City Council
The Raleigh City Council is the legislative governing body of Raleigh, the capital city of North Carolina. Operating under a council–manager form of government, the council enacts city ordinances, approves the city budget, and provides oversight of city administration.

It consists of eight members, including the mayor, with five elected from individual districts and three elected at-large. Elections are held in even-numbered years.
Taipa Houses–Museum
22°09′14″N 113°33′35″E﻿ / ﻿22.153880°N 113.559615°E﻿ / 22.153880; 113.559615

The Taipa Houses–Museum (Chinese: 龍環葡韻住宅式博物館; Portuguese: Casas-Museu da Taipa) is housed in a set of old houses in Taipa, Macau, China.

The museum complex consists of five houses, of which four display various artefacts and exhibits on life during Macau's colonial era while another serves as an event venue. The houses were built in 1921. These colonial residences were restored to recreate houses of well-off Portuguese families living in Macau during the first half of the 20th century. The last house was restored in 1999. The Taipa Houses–Museum opened on 5 December 1999 and is administered by the Cultural Affairs Bureau.

The houses used to look out over the sea, but due to land reclamation of the Cotai area between Taipa and Coloane. This body of water is now a small wetland.

Every autumn, the Cultural Affairs Bureau organises the Lusofonia Festival at the open space outside the museums.

Cotai
22°08′27″N 113°33′47″E﻿ / ﻿22.14082°N 113.56310°E﻿ / 22.14082; 113.56310
Cotai (Chinese: 路氹城; Jyutping: lou6 tam5 sing4; Portuguese: Cotai) is a 5.2-square-kilometer (2.0 sq mi) piece of reclaimed land on the top of the Seac Pai Bay between Taipa and Coloane islands in Macau that has connected two independent islands since 2005. The name, which is a portmanteau of Coloane and Taipa, can also refer to the island formed by the reclamation. In the second sense, the Special Administrative Region of Macau now consists of the Macau Peninsula, plus Cotai Island, about a mile to the south.

Cotai was created to provide Macau with a new gambling and tourism area, since Macau is so densely populated and land is scarce. Many hotels and casinos can now be found on the island. In 2006, a new hospital was founded in the Cotai area, the MUST Hospital, which is associated with the Macau University of Science and Technology Foundation.
Through Soft Air
Through Soft Air is the first short story collection from Australian speculative fiction writer Lee Battersby. Printed in 2006, it was published by US Publisher Prime Books.

The cover art is by Gary Nurrish.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Tigiria
Tigiria is a tehsil (block) of Cuttack district. There are 14 (panchayats) with a total of 50 villages under the Tigiria administrative division.

Tigiria is part of the Athagarh Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency alongside Athagad, Athagarh block and five gram panchayats (Kakhadi, Sankarpur, Badasamantarapur, Mangarajpur and Brahmapur) of the Tangi-Chowdwar block.

During the British Raj era, Tigiria was the capital of Tigiria State, one of several princely states of the Eastern States Agency and the most densely populated.

Eastern States Agency
The Eastern States Agency was an agency or grouping of princely states in eastern India, during the latter years of the British Raj. It was created in 1933, by the unification of the former Chhattisgarh States Agency and the Orissa States Agency; the agencies remained intact within the grouping. In 1936, the Bengal States Agency was added.
Călmățuiu
Călmățuiu (Romanian pronunciation: [kəlməˈt͡suju]) is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bujoru, Caravaneți, Călmățuiu and Nicolae Bălcescu. The river Călmățui passes through the commune.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
White Lake National Wildlife Refuge
White Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a 1,040-acre (420 ha) National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in the U.S. state of North Dakota. White Lake NWR is entirely on public land and in a very remote region. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service oversees White Lake NWR from their offices at Audubon National Wildlife Refuge.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
Sergio Rojas (Paraguayan footballer)
Wenceslao Sérgio Rojas Vargas (28 September 1940 – 6 March 2010) was a Paraguayan footballer. He played in 29 matches for the Paraguay national football team from 1964 to 1971. He was also part of Paraguay's squad for the 1967 South American Championship.

1967 South American Championship
The 1967 South American Football Championship was won by hosts Uruguay, with Argentina finished second. Brazil and Peru withdrew from the tournament. It was the first tournament in which Venezuela participated. It would be the last time the tournament would be known as the South American Football Championship before being rebranded to Copa América, and the last time it would be formatted as a round-robin tournament.
The Whisperer in Darkness
The Whisperer in Darkness is a 26,000-word  novella by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Written February–September 1930, it was first published in Weird Tales, August 1931. Similar to The Colour Out of Space (1927), it is a blend of horror and science fiction. Although it makes numerous references to the Cthulhu Mythos, the story is not a central part of the mythos, but reflects a shift in Lovecraft's writing at this time towards science fiction. The story also introduces the Mi-Go, an extraterrestrial race of fungoid creatures.

Richard A. Lupoff
Richard Allen Lupoff (February 21, 1935 – October 22, 2020) was an American science-fiction and mystery author, who also wrote humor, satire, nonfiction and reviews. In addition to his two dozen novels and more than 40 short stories, he also edited science-fantasy anthologies. He was an expert on the writing of Edgar Rice Burroughs, and had an equally strong interest in H. P. Lovecraft. He also co-edited the non-fiction anthology All in Color For a Dime (with Don Thompson), which has been described as "the very first published volume dedicated to comic book criticism"; as well as its sequel, The Comic-Book Book.
Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation
Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation (KMRC) is a Government of India enterprise formed in 2008. The agency was formed to oversee the implementation of the Kolkata Metro Green Line, also known as the East–West Metro, connecting the twin cities Kolkata and Howrah. The metro rail route is partly underground, including the part that will be under the river Ganges. The 16.6 km route has six stations each in underground and elevated portions. The terminal stations are Salt Lake Sector V and the Howrah Maidan. The elevated stretch started operations on 13 February 2020.

Howrah
Howrah (/ˈhaʊrə/; Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, opposite to its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively Howrah lies within Howrah district and is the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Howrah is an important industrial and transportation hub, and is also a gateway to Kolkata via Howrah railway station and Howrah Bridge.
Alain (crab)
Alain is a genus of crabs belonging to the family Pinnotheridae, and was first described in 1998 by Raymond Manning. The type species of this genus (Alain crosnieri)  was collected in Indonesian territorial waters.

Raymond B. Manning
Raymond Brendan Manning (October 11, 1934 – January 18, 2000) was an American carcinologist, specialising in alpha taxonomy and mantis shrimp.

His zoological author abbreviation is Manning or sometimes R.B. Manning. He has authored over 500 taxa.
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. It was established in 1997 by Daniel Krob (Paris Diderot University). Since 2001, the editor-in-chief is Jens Gustedt (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique).

Paris Diderot University
Paris Diderot University, also known as Paris 7 (French: Université Paris Diderot), was a French university located in Paris, France. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 universities in 1970. Paris Diderot merged with Paris Descartes University in 2019 to form the University of Paris, which was later renamed Paris Cité University.

With two Nobel Prize laureates, two Fields Medal winners and two former French Ministers of Education among its faculty or former faculty, the university was famous for its teaching in science, especially in mathematics. Many fundamental results of the theory of probability were discovered at one of its research centres, the Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (Laboratory of Probability and Random Models).
Louise McNally
Louise McNally (born 1965) is a linguist and professor in the Department of Translation and Language Sciences at Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). She researches semantics and pragmatics and their interfaces with syntax, in particular on areas including natural semantic ontology, scales, and reference.

Pompeu Fabra University
Pompeu Fabra University (Catalan: Universitat Pompeu Fabra [uniβəɾsiˈtat pumˈpɛw ˈfaβɾə], UPF) is a public university located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Established in 1990 by the Government of Catalonia, the university is named after Catalan philologist Pompeu Fabra.

The university offers numerous English-taught programs, joint degrees, and partnerships with institutions such as Sciences Po, LSE, and UCLA.
Aska Assembly constituency
Aska (Sl. No.: 128) is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Ganjam district, Odisha.

This constituency includes Aska, Aska block and 12 GPs (Subalaya, Kaniari, Barida, Paikajamuna, Sunapalli, Sialia, Nandiagada, Borasingi, Ambapua, Baliasara, Bolasara and Sunarijhola) of Kabisuryanagar block.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Meiktila
Meiktila (Burmese: မိတ္ထီလာမြို့, MLCTS: mit thi la mrui.; Burmese pronunciation: [meɪʔtʰìlà mjo̰]) is a city in central Burma on the banks of Meiktila Lake in the Mandalay Region at the junctions of the Bagan-Taunggyi, Yangon-Mandalay and Meiktila-Myingyan highways. Because of its strategic position, Meiktila is home to Myanmar Air Force's central command and Meiktila Air Force Base. The country's main aerospace engineering university, Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University is also located in Meiktila. As of 2021, the city had a population of 177,442.

MLC Transcription System
The Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System (1980), also known as the MLC Transcription System (MLCTS), is a transliteration system for rendering Burmese in the Latin alphabet. It is loosely based on the common system for romanization of Pali, has some similarities to the ALA-LC romanization and was devised by the Myanmar Language Commission. The system is used in many linguistic publications regarding Burmese and is used in MLC publications as the primary form of romanization of Burmese.

The transcription system is based on the orthography of formal Burmese and is not suited for colloquial Burmese, which has substantial differences in phonology from formal Burmese. Differences are mentioned throughout the article.