hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Phenix City Story
The Phenix City Story is a 1955 American crime film noir directed by Phil Karlson for Allied Artists, written by Daniel Mainwaring and Crane Wilbur and starring John McIntire, Richard Kiley, and Kathryn Grant. It dramatizes the 1954 assassination of attorney and politician Albert Patterson in Phenix City, Alabama, and the subsequent declaration of martial law.

The film had a triple premiere held on July 19, 1955 in Phenix City, Alabama, Columbus, Georgia, and Chicago, Illinois. It was a critical and commercial success, and has come to be regarded as one of the classics of the film noir genre. In 2019, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Kathryn Crosby
Olive Kathryn Crosby (née Grandstaff; November 25, 1933 – September 20, 2024) was an American actress and singer who performed in films, primarily under the stage name Kathryn Grant. She married Bing Crosby in 1957 and subsequently appeared on television with him and hosted a talk show, The Kathryn Crosby Show, on which he occasionally appeared, before returning to acting after his death.
Doug Mood
Doug Mood (born November 3, 1943) is an American politician in the state of Montana. He served in the Montana House of Representatives from 1996 to 2004. In 2003 he served as Speaker of the House, and from 1999 to 2001 as Speaker pro tempore. Mood is a businessman and attended the University of Montana. From 2005 to 2009, he also served on the Montana Public Service Commission as vice chair.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Chemins de fer de l'État
The Administration des chemins de fer de l'État (French pronunciation: [administʁasjɔ̃ de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də leta], "State Railway Administration"), often referred to in France as the Réseau de l'État ([ʁezo də leta], "State Network"), was an early state-owned French railway company.

Château-du-Loir
Château-du-Loir (French pronunciation: [ʃɑto dy lwaʁ]; literally 'Château of the Loir') is a former commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. On 1 October 2016, it was merged into the new commune Montval-sur-Loir. Château-du-Loir station has rail connections to Tours and Le Mans.
Thoovalsparsham
Thoovalsparsham (transl. Feather touch) is a 1990 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Kamal and written by Kaloor Dennis. The film stars Jayaram, Mukesh, Sai Kumar and Suresh Gopi. It was inspired by the 1987 American film Three Men and a Baby, which itself was based on the 1985 French film Three Men and a Cradle. Thoovalsparsham was remade in Telugu in 1990 as Chinnari Muddula Papa and twice in Tamil - in 1991 as Thayamma,  in 2001 as Asathal and lastly a Hindi remake Heyy Babyy in 2007.

Kamal (director)
Kamaluddin Mohammed Majeed, mononymously known as Kamal, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer who predominantly works in the Malayalam cinema. He was the former chairman of Kerala State Chalachitra Academy. Kamal made his directorial debut with the 1986 film Mizhineerppovukal. In a career spanning over three decades, Kamal has directed over forty films. His films have won various National Film Awards and Kerala State Film Awards, including for films such as Kakkothi Kaavile Appoppan Thaadikal (1988), Ulladakkam (1991), Mazhayethum Munpe (1995), Niram (1999), Madhuranombarakkattu (2000),  Meghamalhar (2001), Nammal (2002), Perumazhakkalam (2004), Karutha Pakshikal (2006), and Celluloid (2013).
Swiss cheese (mathematics)
In mathematics, a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countably infinite union of open discs, usually with some restriction on the centres and radii of the removed discs. Traditionally the deleted discs should have pairwise disjoint closures which are subsets of the interior of the starting disc, the sum of the radii of the deleted discs should be finite, and the Swiss cheese should have empty interior. This is the type of Swiss cheese originally introduced by the Swiss mathematician Alice Roth.

More generally, a Swiss cheese may be all or part of Euclidean space Rn – or of an even more complicated manifold – with "holes" in it.

Empty set
In mathematics, the empty set or void set is the unique set having no elements; its size or cardinality (count of elements in a set) is zero. Some axiomatic set theories ensure that the empty set exists by including an axiom of empty set, while in other theories, its existence can be deduced. Many possible properties of sets are vacuously true for the empty set.

Any set other than the empty set is called non-empty.

In some textbooks and popularizations, the empty set is referred to as the "null set".  However, null set is a distinct notion within the context of measure theory, in which it describes a set of measure zero (which is not necessarily empty).
Chris Szysky
Chris Szysky (born June 8, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the Dallas Stars in the 11th round (280th overall) of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft.

Born in 1976 in Regina, Saskatchewan, Szysky played five seasons in the Western Hockey League with the Swift Current Broncos, before joining the Canada men's national ice hockey team for the 1997–98 and 1998-1999 seasons. Szysky played with the Canadian team at the 1999 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships.

Szysky turned professional with the Grand Rapids Griffins, joining the International Hockey League team for six games in the 1998–99 IHL season. He stayed with the Griffins through to the end of the 2001–02 AHL season, and completed his playing career the following season with the Sheffield Steelers in the British Elite Ice Hockey League.

1999 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 1999 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 63rd such event sanctioned by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Teams representing 41 countries participated in several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for group placements in the 2000 competition.
Bruno Baptista
Bruno Baptista (born 24 March 1997) is a Brazilian racing driver. He competes full-time in the Stock Car Pro Series, driving the No. 44 Toyota Corolla E210 for RCM Motorsport. He is the 2014 F4 Sudamericana champion.

Toyota Corolla (E210)
The Toyota Corolla (E210) is the twelfth generation of the Corolla, a compact car (C-segment) manufactured by Toyota. Introduced in 2018, this generation has also grown to include hatchback and estate (station wagon) configurations in addition to the saloon (sedan).

Since 2022, a high-performance model became available as the GR Corolla. Based on the hatchback model, the GR Corolla is marketed under the Gazoo Racing family of high-performance cars.

Its platform-sharing vehicles include the Toyota Corolla Cross, a compact crossover SUV, and the Toyota C-HR, an SUV with a hatchback-like body.
United States v. Valenzuela-Bernal
United States v. Valenzuela-Bernal, 458 U.S. 858 (1982), is a United States Supreme Court case that determined the constitutionality of deporting aliens who might give testimony in criminal alien smuggling prosecutions. Because deporting alien witnesses might take away a testimony that would be both “material and favorable” to the defendant, it gives rise to a potential motion from the defense to dismiss the indictment under the Compulsory Process Clause of the Sixth Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

The Supreme Court held that because the defendant failed to make a “plausible suggestion that the deported aliens possessed any material evidence that was not merely cumulative of other evidence,” the District Court properly denied the respondent's motion to dismiss the indictment.

Indictment
An indictment (/ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/ in-DYTE-mənt) is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that use the concept of felonies, the most serious criminal offense is a felony. Jurisdictions that do not use that concept often use that of an indictable offence, which is an offence that requires an indictment.
Trapezoid
In geometry, a trapezoid (/ˈtræpəzɔɪd/) in North American English, or trapezium (/trəˈpiːziəm/) in British English, is a quadrilateral that has at least one pair of parallel sides.

The parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezoid. The other two sides are called the legs or lateral sides. If the trapezoid is a parallelogram, then the choice of bases and legs is arbitrary.

A trapezoid is usually considered to be a convex quadrilateral in Euclidean geometry, but there are also crossed cases. If shape ABCD is a convex trapezoid, then ABDC is a crossed trapezoid. The metric formulas in this article apply in convex trapezoids.

Parallel (geometry)
In geometry, parallel lines are coplanar infinite straight lines that do not intersect at any point. Parallel planes are infinite flat planes in the same three-dimensional space that never meet. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, a line and a plane that do not share a point are also said to be parallel. However, two noncoplanar lines are called skew lines. Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length).

Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
In some other geometries, such as hyperbolic geometry, lines can have analogous properties that are referred to as parallelism.
The concept can also be generalized to non-straight parallel curves and non-flat parallel surfaces, which keep a fixed minimum distance and do not touch each other or intersect.
Kitabgi
Antoine Kitabgi Khan (October 2, 1843, Constantinople – December 20, 1902, Livorno) was a Persian general who was director general of customs in Persia from 1881 to 1893 and initiated important concessions during the reigns of Nasseredin shah and his successor Mozaffareddin shah. He was in particular the initiator of the oil concession granted in 1901 to William Knox D'Arcy which gave birth to BP.

Anglo-Persian Oil Company
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC; Persian: شرکت نفت ایران و انگلیس) was a British company founded in 1909 following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman, Persia (Iran). The British government purchased 51% of the company in 1914, gaining a controlling number of shares, effectively nationalizing the company. It was the first company to extract petroleum from Iran. In 1935 APOC was renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) when Reza Shah formally asked foreign countries to refer to Persia by its endonym Iran.

In 1954, it was renamed again to The British Petroleum Company, one of the antecedents of the modern BP public limited company. The government of Mohammad Mosaddegh nationalized the company's local infrastructure assets and gave the new company the name National Iranian Oil Company.
Eric Hardmeyer
Eric Hardmeyer (born July 11, 1959 - February 24, 2024) was the former president and CEO of the Bank of North Dakota.
Hardmeyer was a Mott, North Dakota, native, and a graduate of the University of North Dakota, and the University of Mary. He joined the Bank of North Dakota in 1985 as a loan officer. In 2001, he was named president and CEO. In April 2021, he announced his retirement from his position.

Hardmeyer died of cancer on February 24, 2024 at his home in Bismarck, North Dakota. He is survived by his wife and four children.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
The Poetry Lesson
The Poetry Lesson is a 2010 book by Romanian-American poet and commentator Andrei Codrescu published by Princeton University Press. The work recounts a single three-hour session of an Introduction to Poetry Writing class taught by a professor on the eve of retirement at a Louisiana university. Neither a conventional novel nor a straightforward memoir, the narrative blends classroom scenes with digressions into the professor's memories of poets and the literary counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s. The central pedagogical device involves assigning each student a deceased or living poet as a "Ghost-Companion" to study throughout the semester. Codrescu wrote the book during his final year teaching at Louisiana State University, where he had been a professor of English for twenty-five years.

Lawrence Ferlinghetti
Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (né Ferling; March 24, 1919 – February 22, 2021) was an American poet, painter, social activist, and co-founder of City Lights Booksellers & Publishers. An author of poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, art criticism, and film narration, Ferlinghetti was best known for his second collection of poems, A Coney Island of the Mind (1958), which has been translated into nine languages and sold over a million copies. When Ferlinghetti turned 100 in March 2019, the city of San Francisco turned his birthday, March 24, into "Lawrence Ferlinghetti Day".
Stueland
Stueland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Espen Stueland (born 1970), Norwegian poet, novelist, literary critic, and essayist

George Stueland (1899–1964), American baseball player

Espen Stueland
Espen Stueland (born 30 May 1970) is a Norwegian poet, novelist, literary critic and essayist. He hails from Porsgrunn, but lives in Vossevangen.

Among his books are the novel Kjærlighet i tide og utide (2001), and the poetry collection Å si om seg selv (2003).

He has written books on medical issues, including Gjennom kjøttet – disseksjonen og kroppens kulturhistorie (2009), about the history and significance of dissection, and Pandemiarkivene (2022), where he analyzes historical literary texts on pandemics from literary, cultural and medical perspectives.

He received the Halldis Moren Vesaas Prize in 2003.
Crithidia
Crithidia is a genus of trypanosomatid Euglenozoa. They are parasites that exclusively parasitise arthropods, mainly insects. They pass from host to host as cysts in infective faeces and typically, the parasites develop in the digestive tracts of insects and interact with the intestinal epithelium using their flagellum. They display very low host-specificity and a single parasite can infect a large range of invertebrate hosts. At different points in its life-cycle, it passes through amastigote, promastigote, and epimastigote phases; the last is particularly characteristic, and similar stages in other trypanosomes are often called crithidial.

The etymology of the genus name Crithidia derives from the Ancient Greek word κριθίδιον (krithídion), meaning "small grain of barley".

Amastigote
An amastigote is a protist cell that does not have visible external flagella or cilia. The term is used mainly to describe an intracellular phase in the life-cycle of trypanosomes that replicates. It is also called the leishmanial stage, since in Leishmania it is the form the parasite takes in the vertebrate host, but occurs in all trypanosome genera.
New York Underground Comedy Festival
The New York Underground Comedy Festival is a comedy festival.

Founded in 2003 with 3 shows in 3 nights at the Laurie Beechman Theatre, the festival has grown to 10 days and 300+ shows making it the largest comedy festival in New York.

The NYUCF has had many notable acts perform in previous festivals, including Freddie Roman, Jim Gaffigan, Judy Gold, Charlie Moreno, Rick Overton, Dom Irrera, Colin Quinn, Bill Burr, Nick DiPaolo, Rob Bartlett, Jim Norton, Rich Vos and Eddie Brill.

The festival has raised over $100,000 for charities.

Judy Gold
Judy Gold (born November 15, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, podcaster, television writer, author, producer, and activist. She won two Daytime Emmy Awards for her work as a writer and producer on The Rosie O'Donnell Show. Gold hosts the podcast It's Judy's Show with Judy Gold. Her collection of essays, "Yes I Can Say That: When They Come for the Comedians, We Are All in Trouble," was published in 2020. In 2023, she turned her book into a solo show, "Yes, I Can Say That!" directed by BD Wong.
2022 Zagreb Ladies Open – Doubles
Barbara Haas and Katarzyna Kawa were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Anastasia Dețiuc and Katarina Zavatska won the title, defeating Lina Gjorcheska and Irina Khromacheva in the final, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), [11–9].

Irina Khromacheva
Irina Pavlovna Khromacheva (Russian: Ирина Павловна Хромачёва; born 12 May 1995) is a Russian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 14 in doubles achieved on 3 March 2025 and No. 89 in singles, reached on 27 February 2017.
Muhammad Abu Khubza
Abu Uways Muhammad Abu Khubza al-Hassani (Arabic: مُحَمَّد بن الأَمِين بُوخُبْزَة الْحسْنِيُّ; July 30, 1932 – January 30, 2020) was a Moroccan Muslim theologian, jurist, bibliographer and linguist. His name has variantly been spelled "Bukhabza," "Boukhabza," Bu Khabza," and "Bu Khubza."

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
Richard White, 2nd Earl of Bantry
Richard White, 2nd Earl of Bantry DL (16 November 1800 – 16 July 1868), styled The Honourable from birth until 1816 and subsequently Viscount Berehaven until 1851, was an Irish peer and Conservative politician.

He was the eldest son of Richard White, 1st Earl of Bantry and his wife Margaret Ann, daughter of William Hare, 1st Earl of Listowel. White was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1851 he succeeded his father as earl, and three years later he was elected an Irish representative peer to the House of Lords, where he sat as a Conservative. White was High Sheriff of County Cork in 1835 and served as a Deputy Lieutenant of the same county.

On 11 October 1836, he married Mary, third daughter of William O'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond at St George's, Hanover Square. White died, aged 67, childless at Exmoor House and was succeeded in his titles by his younger brother William.

St George's, Hanover Square
St George's, Hanover Square, is an Anglican church, the parish church of Mayfair in the City of Westminster, built in the early eighteenth century as part of a project to build fifty new churches around London (the Queen Anne Churches). The church was designed by John James; its site was donated by General William Steuart, who laid the first stone in 1721.  The building is one small block south of Hanover Square, near Oxford Circus. Because of its location, it has frequently been the venue for society weddings.
Santa Maria la Longa
Santa Maria la Longa (Friulian: Sante Marie la Lungje) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Udine. The Municipality is situated in a central position in the plain of Friuli with the chief town Santa Maria la Longa and the hamlets of Tissano, Mereto di Capitolo, Santo Stefano Udinese and Ronchiettis.

Santa Maria la Longa borders the following municipalities: Bicinicco, Gonars, Palmanova, Pavia di Udine, Trivignano Udinese.

Province of Udine
The province of Udine (Italian: provincia di Udine; Friulian: provincie di Udin; Slovene: Videmska pokrajina; Resian: Vydänskä provinčjä; German: Provinz Weiden) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia, with the capital in the city of Udine. Abolished on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the Regional Decentralization Entity of Udine (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Udine; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Udin; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Videm), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020. It has a population of 516,323 over an area of 4,969.30 square kilometres (1,918.66 mi2) across its 134 municipalities.
The Providence Journal
The Providence Journal, colloquially known as the ProJo, is a daily newspaper serving the metropolitan area of Providence, and is the largest newspaper in Rhode Island, US. The newspaper was first published in 1829. The newspaper had won four Pulitzer Prizes as of 2023.

The Journal bills itself as "America's oldest daily newspaper in continuous publication", as the Hartford Courant, started in 1764, did not become a daily until 1837, and the New York Post, which began daily publication in 1801, suspended publication during strikes in 1958 and 1978.

GateHouse Media
GateHouse Media Inc. was an American publisher of locally based print and digital media. It published 144 daily newspapers, 684 community publications, and over 569 local-market websites in 38 states. Its parent company, New Media Investment Group, acquired Gannett (now USA Today Co.) in 2019, with the combined company using the Gannett name and maintaining its headquarters in Virginia.
Ole Kirk Christiansen
Ole Kirk Christiansen (born Ole Kirk Kristiansen; 7 April 1891 – 11 March 1958) was a Danish carpenter. In 1932, he founded the construction toy company Lego, later known as the Lego Group. Christiansen transformed his small woodworking shop, which initially sold household products, into a manufacturer of wooden toys. By 1934, he had officially named the company Lego and established its fundamental principles. The business shifted to producing plastic bricks after the acquisition of a plastic moulding injection machine in 1947. Following his death in 1958, the company's management was handed over to his son, Godtfred.

Construction set
A construction set is a standardized piece assortment allowing for the construction of various different models. Construction sets are most often marketed as toys. Popular construction toy brands include Lincoln Logs and LEGO.