hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TD postcode area
The TD postcode area, also known as the Galashiels postcode area, is a group of fifteen postcode districts in south-east Scotland and the far north-east of England, within seventeen post towns. These cover most of the Scottish Borders council area (including Galashiels, Lauder, Gordon, Earlston, Kelso, Melrose, Selkirk, Jedburgh, Hawick, Newcastleton, Duns, Coldstream, Cockburnspath and Eyemouth) and the northernmost part of Northumberland (including Berwick-upon-Tweed, Cornhill-on-Tweed and Mindrum), plus a part of south-eastern East Lothian and a very small part of Cumbria.

The letters in the postcode are derived from Tweeddale. The TD postcode area is the smallest by population.

Mail for the TD postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, KY, PH, DD and FK postcode areas.

Newcastleton
Newcastleton, also called Copshaw Holm, is a village in Liddesdale, the Scottish Borders, a few miles from the border with England, on the Liddel Water. It is within the county of Roxburghshire.  It is the site of Hermitage Castle.

Newcastleton is 10 miles (16 km) east of Langholm, 17 miles (27 km) south of Hawick, 24 miles (39 km) north of Carlisle and 74 miles (119 km) south of Edinburgh.
Obninsk constituency
The Obninsk constituency (No.100) is a Russian legislative constituency in Kaluga Oblast. The constituency covers part of Kaluga, eastern and southern Kaluga Oblast. After 2025 redistricting Kaluga Oblast is slated to lose one of its two constituencies, so Obninsk constituency is going to be dissolved and merged with Kaluga constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Gennady Sklyar, non-profit president and former Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network general director.

Obninsk
Obninsk (Russian: О́бнинск) is a city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River 100 kilometers (62 mi) southwest of Moscow and 80 kilometers (50 mi) northeast of Kaluga. Its population is 125,376 at the 2021 census.
Oliver R. Smoot
Oliver Reed Smoot, Jr. (born August 24, 1940) is a former chairman of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) from 2001 to 2002 and president of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) from 2003 to 2004.

In 2011, American Heritage Dictionary admitted his decapitalized surname, smoot, meaning a distance of 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m), as one of the 10,000 new words added to their fifth edition. The term is named for Smoot from his undergraduate days when he was used as a unit of measurement on the Harvard Bridge at MIT during a fraternity pledge activity. The bridge measures 364.4 smoots.

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is a dictionary of American English published by HarperCollins. As of 2025 it is in its fifth edition.

Before HarperCollins acquired certain business lines from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2022, the family of American Heritage dictionaries had long been published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and its predecessor Houghton Mifflin. The first edition appeared in 1969, an outgrowth of the editorial effort for Houghton Mifflin's American Heritage brand of history books and journals. The dictionary's creation was spurred by the controversy during the 1960s over the perceived permissiveness of the Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961). A college dictionary followed several years later.  The main dictionary became the flagship title as the brand grew into a family of various dictionaries, a dictionary-thesaurus combination, and a usage guide.
Cyanella aquatica
Cyanella aquatica is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Cyanella and is part of the Renosterveld. The plant is endemic to the Northern Cape and occurs on the Bokkeveld escarpment. The plant's habitat is threatened by overgrazing and trampling by livestock as well as invasive plants.

Renosterveld
Renosterveld is a term used for one of the major plant communities and vegetation types of the Cape Floristic Region (Cape Floral Kingdom) which is located in southwestern and southeastern South Africa, in southernmost Africa. It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.
Calape Church
Saint Vincent Ferrer Parish Church, commonly known as Calape Church, is a Roman Catholic church in the municipality of Calape, Bohol, Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Tagbilaran. The church was established in 1802, the year the town of Calape was founded. Vincent Ferrer is the patron saint of the church and town. The church was first managed by Augustinian Recollect missionaries, and later turned over in 1898 to secular priests.

The church was damaged by the 7.2-magnitude 2013 Bohol earthquake and restored in 2019. It was designated in 2023 as a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines.

Order of Augustinian Recollects
The Order of Augustinian Recollects (OAR) is a mendicant Catholic religious order of friars and nuns. It is a reformist offshoot from the Augustinian hermit friars and follows the same Rule of St. Augustine. They have also been known as the "Discalced Augustinians".
The Bus Uncle
The Bus Uncle is a Hong Kong Cantonese viral video depicting a verbal altercation between two men aboard a KMB bus in Hong Kong on 27 April 2006. The older and more belligerent of the two men was quickly nicknamed the "Bus Uncle", from the common Hong Kong practice of referring to older men as "Uncle" (阿叔). The altercation was recorded by a nearby passenger and uploaded to the Hong Kong Golden Forum, YouTube, and Google Video. The video became YouTube's most viewed video in May 2006, attracting viewers with the Bus Uncle's rhetorical outbursts and copious use of profanity, receiving 1.7 million hits in the first 3 weeks of that month.

The video became a cultural sensation in Hong Kong, sparking debate and discussion on lifestyle, etiquette, civic awareness and media ethics within the city, and attracted the attention from media outlets around the world.

Media ethics
Media ethics is the subdivision of applied ethics dealing with the specific ethical principles and standards of media, including broadcast media, film, theatre, the arts, print media and the internet. The field covers many varied and highly controversial topics, ranging from war journalism to Benetton ad campaigns.

Media ethics promotes and defends values such as a universal respect for life and the rule of law and legality. Media Ethics defines and deals with ethical questions about how media should use texts and pictures provided by the citizens.

Literature regarding the ways in which specifically the Internet impacts media ethics in journalism online is scarce, thereby complicating the idea for a universal code of media ethics.
Ketil Trout
Ketil Trout, known in Old Norse as Ketill hængr (Modern Icelandic Ketil Hæng), is the name of several figures from Norse folklore. Two are especially prominent:

Ketil Trout of Hranista, or Ketil Trout of Halogaland, the hero of the legendary Hrafnistumannasögur sagas

Ketil Trout (Iceland), or Ketil Trout of Namdalen, grandson of the above and a chieftain in early 10th century Iceland

Ketil Trout (Iceland)
Ketil Thorkelsson (Old Norse: Ketill Þorkelsson [ˈketelː ˈθorˌkelsˌson]), better known by his nickname Ketil Trout or Ketil Salmon (O.N.: Ketill hængr [ˈketelː ˈhɛːŋɡz̠]; Modern Icelandic: Ketill hængur Þorkelsson [ˈcʰɛːtɪtl̥ ˈhaiŋkʏr ˈθɔrˌcʰɛlsˌsɔːn]) was a Norwegian military commander (hersir) of the late ninth century who settled in Iceland around 900 CE. He appears in  Egils saga, the Landnámabók, and other Icelandic sources.
Alan Woan
Alan Woan (8 February 1931 – 13 February 2021) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside forward. He made a total of 289 Football League appearances for Norwich City, Northampton Town, Crystal Palace and Aldershot scoring 140 goals. He also played non-league football for New Brighton and Chertsey Town. He was the father of Ian Woan who also played professional football, most notably for Nottingham Forest and Alan Junior, who played for Stalybridge Celtic.

Stalybridge Celtic F.C.
Stalybridge Celtic Football Club is an English football club based in Stalybridge, Greater Manchester. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at Bower Fold. The team traditionally plays in a blue and white strip.

In 1921, Stalybridge Celtic became a founder member of the Football League's Third Division North. After only two seasons in the new league, they became the first club to leave the new division.
Levison
Levison is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Wendell Levison, birth name of Alan Wendell Livingston (1917–2009), American music executive

Beth Levison, American documentary film producer and director

Catherine Levison, American writer and public speaker

Charles Gerstle Levison, birth name of Charles Lane (1905–2007), American actor

David Levison (1919–2012), Scottish minister

Ejnar Levison (1880–1970), Danish fencer

Harold F. Levison (born 1959), planetary scientist

Iain Levison (born 1963), Scottish-American writer

Jacob Harold Levison, birth name of Jay Livingston (1915–2001), American songwriter

Mary Levison, (1923–2011), Church of Scotland minister

Nat Levison, British actor

Olivia Levison (1847–1894), Danish author and writer

Sarah Rachel Russell (1814–1880), British con artist who went by Levison

Stanley Levison (1912–1979), American businessman

Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947), German medievalist

Alan W. Livingston
Alan Wendell Livingston (né Levison; October 15, 1917 – March 13, 2009) was an American businessman best known for his tenures at Capitol Records, first as a writer/producer who created Bozo the Clown for a series of record-album and illustrative read-along children's book sets starting in the late 40s, and later as suggesting the circular shape of the Capitol Records building in Hollywood. As vice-president in charge of programming at NBC, in 1959 he oversaw the development and launch of the network's most successful television series, Bonanza. On his return to Capitol Records in 1960, he was involved in the label’s move to rock music, which included releasing music recordings by the Beatles after Capitol had rejected the band’s first singles.
Neuropsychology (journal)
Neuropsychology (journal) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1987 and covers neuropsychology. It is published by the American Psychological Association.

The journal has implemented the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines.  The TOP Guidelines provide structure to research planning and reporting and aim to make research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible.

The current editor-in-chief is Gregory G. Brown (UC San Diego School of Medicine). The journal publishes original, empirical research on the relation between brain and human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.295.

UC San Diego School of Medicine
The University of California, San Diego School of Medicine is the medical school of the University of California, San Diego. It was the third medical school in the University of California system, after those established at UCSF and UCLA, and is the only medical school in the San Diego metropolitan area. It is closely affiliated with the medical centers that are part of UC San Diego Health.
Aristomenis Kontogouris
Aristomenis Kontogouris (Greek: Αριστομένης Κοντογούρης; c. 1841–1904) was a Greek MP for Achaia and a mayor of Patras.

Kontogouris was born in Patras and was the son of Stylianos Kontogouris, relative of the famous rich family in Patras. He studied law in Athens, Berlin, and in Paris. He was elected MP in 1873, 1879, 1881, and 1885 and he was also a Minister of Justice. He became mayor of Patras from 1891 until 1895.  He was a mayoral candidate but lost the 1888 election, he was supported by Achilleas Gerokostopoulos in the 1890 elections and he defeated the industrialist Gerasimos Kogkos. In his years in the military, he ran the city's philharmonic company.

Kontogouris died in 1904. He was survived by his wife Viktoria Sisini, daughter of Chrysanthos Sisinis.

Chrysanthos Sisinis (died 1845)
Chrysanthos Sisinis (Greek: Χρύσανθος Σισίνης, died 1845) was a Greek revolutionary leader and a politician.

He was born in Gastouni and was the son of Georgios Sisinis.  He fought at the battles of Patras, Athens, Messolongi and several other battles.  He was jailed together with his father in the civil period as an adherent of Kolokotronis. After his release, he entered politics and was elected many times as a representative for Elis.  He died in 1845.
North West Sound Archive
The North West Sound Archive, founded in Manchester in 1979, was the largest archive of sound recordings in the UK outside of London, with over 140,000 items. It was relocated to Clitheroe in 1982, where it occupied the third floor of the Clitheroe Castle Museum. 53°52′13″N 2°23′35″W﻿ / ﻿53.8702°N 2.3931°W﻿ / 53.8702; -2.3931 
It was closed in 2015 for financial reasons, and its materials relocated to the Manchester Central Library, Liverpool Central Library, and the Lancashire Archives, according to the location to which the material related.

Manchester Central Library
Manchester Central Library is the headquarters of the city's library and information service in Manchester, England. Facing St Peter's Square, it was designed by E. Vincent Harris and constructed between 1930 and 1934. The form of the building, a columned portico attached to a rotunda domed structure, is loosely derived from the Pantheon, Rome. At its opening, one critic wrote, "This is the sort of thing which persuades one to believe in the perennial applicability of the Classical canon".

The library building is grade II* listed. A four-year project to renovate and refurbish the library commenced in 2010. Central Library re-opened on 22 March 2014.
João Mário (footballer, born January 1993)
João Mário Naval da Costa Eduardo ComM (born 19 January 1993), known as João Mário (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w ˈmaɾju, ˈʒwɐ̃w -]), is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Super League Greece club AEK Athens, on loan from Süper Lig club Beşiktaş.

He started out at Sporting CP in whose youth system he developed, being loaned to Vitória de Setúbal in 2014 and subsequently returning to be an important part of the squads that won major trophies, including the 2015 Taça de Portugal. In 2016 he joined Inter Milan, having loan spells at West Ham United and Lokomotiv Moscow prior to rejoining Sporting, also on loan, in 2020, where he won the Primeira Liga title. He then spent three full seasons with Benfica, winning another league in 2022–23 while scoring 17 goals.

João Mário made his senior debut for Portugal in 2014. He was named in the squads for Euro 2016 and the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, winning the 2016 tournament.

UEFA European Under-21 Championship
The UEFA European Under-21 Championship, the UEFA Under-21 Championship or simply the Euro Under-21, is a biennial football competition contested by the European men's under-21 national teams of the UEFA member associations. Since 1992, the competition also serves as the UEFA qualification tournament for the Summer Olympics.

Italy and Spain are the most successful teams in the tournament's history, having won five titles each. England are the current champions, having beaten Germany 3–2 after extra time in the 2025 final.
Odesa Sea Guard Detachment
1st Marine Guard Detachment (MUN 1485) is a military unit of the Ukrainian Sea Guard of the State Border Service of Ukraine. The detachment guards and patrols the maritime border in the Black Sea  of 237 nautical miles (381.41 km) and also patrols and guards 97.78 miles (156.11 km) of maritime border along the Danube, in total an area of 25,000 sq. miles (82,500 km2). Its range borders the areas of operations of Izmail, Bilhorod-Dniester and Odesa border detachments.

Captain 1st rank
Captain 1st rank (Russian: капитан 1-го ранга, romanized: kapitan 1-go ranga, lit. 'captain of the 1st rank') is a rank used by the Russian Navy and a number of former communist states. The rank is the most senior rank in the staff officers' career group. The rank is equivalent to colonel in armies and air forces. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OF-5 and is equivalent to captain in English-speaking navies.
Pseudotocinclus juquiae
Pseudotocinclus juquiae is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is known from a few localities of the Juquiá River basin. The type locality, a small creek in Juquitiba, is clear, with a slow current, mud, and in some places, sand on the bottom. Marginal vegetation includes a small area of pastures, small trees and shrubs. P. juquiae has also been found in the ribeirão Poço Grande, a tributary on the right margin of the Juquiá River; this locality, an old swamp area near the city of Juquiá, is heavily impacted by human activities, and is also used for garbage and sewage disposal.

Juquitiba
Juquitiba is a suburban municipality in the southeastern part of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 31,646 (2020 est.) in an area of 522.17 km2 (201.61 sq mi). This name comes from the Tupi language. The southern part of the municipality is heavily forested with the Serra do Mar mountain range, the central and the northern parts are predominantly hilly.

The municipality contains part of the 488,865-hectare (1,208,010-acre) Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area, created in 1984.
Okaz
Okaz (Arabic: عكاظ) is an Arabic Saudi Arabian daily newspaper located in Jeddah. The paper was launched in 1960 and its sister publication is Saudi Gazette. The paper is simultaneously printed in both Riyadh and Jeddah and has offices all over Saudi Arabia. However, the daily mainly serves the provinces of the Hejaz and Asir. As of 2012 Abdullah Saleh Kamel was the chairman of the board of directors of the Okaz Organization for Press and Publication. Lawrence Wright of The New Yorker states that Okaz is "like an Arabic version" of the New York Post.

Asir
Asir, officially the Aseer Province, is a province of Saudi Arabia in southern Arabia. It has an area of 76,693 square kilometres (29,611 sq mi), and an estimated population of 2,024,285 (in 2022). Abha is its seat and second-largest city, after Khamis Mushait. Asir is bounded by the Mecca Province to the north and west, Al-Baha Province to the northwest, Riyadh Province to the northeast, Najran Province to the southeast, and Jazan Province and the Saada Governorate of Yemen to the south.
Faxon Township, Sibley County, Minnesota
Faxon Township is a township in Sibley County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 712 at the 2020 census.

Faxon Township was organized in 1858, and named for a local pioneer. In the fall of 1862, the women's column of Dakota women, children and elderly camped overnight south of Walkers landing, now Faxon, after having been attacked in Henderson. They were en route from the Lower Sioux Agency to Pike Island at Fort Snelling.

Lower Sioux Agency
The Lower Sioux Agency, or Redwood Agency, was the federal administrative center for the Lower Sioux Indian Reservation in what became Redwood County, Minnesota, United States.  It was the site of the Battle of Lower Sioux Agency on August 18, 1862, the first organized battle of the Dakota War of 1862.

Today it is a historic site managed by the Lower Sioux Community in partnership with the Minnesota Historical Society. In February 2021, ownership of half of the site was transferred from the historical society to the Lower Sioux Community. The site contains an interpretive center, self-guided trails, and a restored 1861 stone warehouse that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Houtan station
Houtan (simplified Chinese: 后滩; traditional Chinese: 後灘; pinyin: Hòutān), formerly Pujiang Yaohua Station, is a station on Line 7 of the Shanghai Metro. It opened in April 2010, 3 months later than the rest of the stations on the line.

The station is located in Pudong New Area and was one of the stations that was a part of the Expo 2010 zone.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Tōjinmachi Station
Tōjinmachi Station (唐人町駅, Tōjinmachi-eki) is a train station located in Chūō-ku. The station's symbol mark is a jar which is designed the arabesque scroll to look like the letter "唐". It has the station number "K05".

Jar
A jar is a rigid, cylindrical, or slightly conical container, typically made of glass, ceramic, or plastic, with a wide mouth or opening that can be closed with a lid, screw cap, lug cap, cork stopper, roll-on cap, crimp-on cap, press-on cap, plastic shrink, heat-sealed lidding film, an inner seal, a tamper-evident band, or other suitable means. The English word "jar" originates from the Arabic word jarra, which means an earthen pot or vessel.
Georg Barfuß
Georg Barfuß (born 10 June 1944) is a German politician, a representative of the FDP.

He was educated in lauingen elementary school 1950-57 then 1957-60 Donauwörth private school before going to Donauwörth vocational school 1960-62.

He served as mayor of lauingen, where he commissioned the Hicret Mosque, earning him the nickname "Türkenschorsch".

He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria. He served as a member of the CSU for 24 years before joining the FDP for 4 years.

He is married with five children.

Donauwörth
Donauwörth (German: [ˌdoːnaʊˈvøːɐ̯t] ⓘ; Swabian: Donawerd) is a town and the capital of the Donau-Ries district in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is said to have been founded by two fishermen where the rivers Danube (Donau) and Wörnitz meet. The city is part of the scenic route called "Romantische Straße" (Romantic Road).

The city is situated between Munich and Nuremberg, 46 km north of Augsburg.
Claude-François Lysarde de Radonvilliers
Claude-François Lizarde de Radonvilliers (1709, Decize, Nièvre – 20 April 1789) was a French churchman and teacher.

In 1763, Lizarde de Radonvilliers was elected to the Académie française. From 1770 until his death, he was commendatory abbot of Villeneuve Abbey near Nantes, then in Brittany.

Nièvre
Nièvre (French: [njɛvʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, central-east France. Named after the river Nièvre, it had a population of 204,452 in 2019. Its prefecture is Nevers.

Covering an area 6,817 square kilometres (2,632 sq mi), Nièvre is landlocked between six other departments: Yonne to the north, Côte-d'Or to the east, Saône-et-Loire to the southeast, Allier to the south, Cher to the west and Loiret to the northwest.