hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Curtsy
A curtsy (also spelled curtsey or incorrectly as courtsey) is a traditional gendered gesture of greeting, in which a girl or woman bends her knees while bowing her head. In Western culture it is the feminine equivalent of bowing by males, and people will commonly curtsy in some churches as a simplified genuflection.

By the 17th and 18th centuries, it had become a standard social custom for women when greeting superiors, royalty, nobility, aristocracy or elders in the Western World.

The word "curtsy" is a phonological change from "courtesy" known in linguistics as syncope.

In more formal variants of the curtsy, the girl/woman bends the knees outward (rather than straight ahead), often sweeping one foot behind her. She may also use her hands to hold her skirt out from her body. It is also acceptable in some cultures for the female to curtsy if wearing trousers or shorts.

Syncope (phonology)
In phonology, syncope (/ˈsɪŋkəpi/; from Ancient Greek: συγκοπή, romanized: sunkopḗ, lit. 'cutting up') is the loss of one or more sounds from the interior of a word, especially the loss of an unstressed vowel. It is found in both synchronic and diachronic analyses of languages. Its opposite, whereby sounds are added, is epenthesis.
Palermo (Buenos Aires Underground)
Palermo is a station on Line D of the Buenos Aires Underground in Palermo, Buenos Aires. It is located at the intersection of Avenida Santa Fe and Godoy Cruz. The station was opened on 23 February 1940 as the western terminus of the extension of Line D from Tribunales. On 29 December 1987, the line was extended to Ministro Carranza.

It is a transfer point for the Metrobús that runs along Juan B. Justo avenue and Palermo station on the San Martín Line commuter rail service.

Metrobús (Buenos Aires)
Metrobús is a 50.5-kilometre (31.4 mi) bus rapid transit network with dedicated, separated lanes and stations serving the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The headway is the same as before the system’s implementation, and the buses use the same branding as the main network, maintaining their previous identity as regular bus lines with their own route numbers. The service operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, with 2–4 minute frequencies during the day and 10–15 minutes at night.
Stephen Bienko
Stephen Bienko is an American coach and athlete. He is best known as the founding Director of the Institute of Athletic Performance, the former largest franchise owner of the College Hunks Hauling Junk brand, and holding the Villanova University discus throw record for eight years.

College Hunks Hauling Junk
College Hunks Hauling Junk and Moving is a North American junk removal and moving company with headquarters in Tampa, Florida. The company provides junk removal, local and long distance full service moving and office relocation services including in home donation pickup services for non-profit partner organizations. The company became operational in 2005 and began franchising in 2007.

The company's services are available to both commercial and residential clients, with up to 70% of the "junk" collected being donated to charities such as Goodwill Industries, recycled, reused or incinerated as fuel through Reworld.  As of 2025, College Hunks Hauling Junk and Moving had four company-owned locations and nearly 200 franchised locations in the United States and Canada.
Rana Kapoor
Rana Kapoor (born 9 September 1957) is an Indian former banker who was the founder, managing director and CEO of Yes Bank, an Indian private sector bank.  Following a career in financial institutions, he co-founded Yes Bank in 2003, with its registered office in Mumbai. He served as CEO from its founding in 2003 to 2019. He also was appointed as the president of ASSOCHAM in July 2013, and was succeeded by Sunil Katoria after serving his two year term.

Kapoor was arrested on 8 March 2020 by India's Enforcement Directorate over accusations of fraud in excess of US$100 million. Rana Kapoor was granted bail in April 2024.

ASSOCHAM
The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) is a non-governmental trade association and advocacy group based in New Delhi, India. The organisation represents the interests of trade and commerce in India, and acts as an interface between issues and initiatives. The goal of this organisation is to promote both domestic and international trade, and reduce trade barriers while fostering conducive environment for the growth of trade and industry of India.
Sajjan Singh
Sajjan Singh is the name of:

Sajjan Singh of Udaipur (1859–1884), Maharaja of the princely state of Udaipur, 1874–1884

Sajjan Singh of Ratlam (1880–1912 or 1913), British Indian Army officer and Maharaja of Ratlam State, 1893–1947

Sajjan Singh (wrestler) (fl. 1960s), Indian Olympic wrestler

Sajjan Singh Cheema, Indian basketball player

Sajjan Singh Sindarli,  Indian politician

Sajjan Singh Verma, Indian politician

Sajjan Singh, fictional Indian soldier in Sajjan Singh Rangroot (lit. 'Sajjan Singh Recruit'), a 2018 Indian Punjabi-language war drama film by Pankaj Batra

Sajjan Singh Verma
Sajjan Singh Verma is an Indian politician, and a member of Indian National Congress, currently serving as an MLA from Sonkatch in Madhya Pradesh. He was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India representing the Dewas Lok Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh.Verma resigned in March 2020 as PWD Minister, when the Congress Government led by Chief Minister Kamalnath was toppled by the BJP.
He belongs to Khatik community.
He also National President of Akhil Bhartiya Khatik Samaj.
Valhalla Rising (film)
Valhalla Rising is a 2009 English-language Danish period adventure film directed by Nicolas Winding Refn, co-written by Refn and Roy Jacobsen, and starring Mads Mikkelsen. The film takes place "most certainly during the twelfth century of our era", and follows a Norse warrior named One-Eye and a boy as they travel with a band of Christian Crusaders by ship in the hopes of finding the Holy Land. Instead, they find themselves in North America where they are assailed by Natives and dark visions.

Shot entirely in Scotland, the title is derived from the combination of Kenneth Anger's films Scorpio Rising and Lucifer Rising with a Viking theme. While the film garnered generally positive reviews, it only made back about $731,613 of its $5.7 million production cost.

Roy Jacobsen
Roy Jacobsen (26 December 1954 – 18 October 2025) was a Norwegian novelist and short-story writer. Born in Oslo, he made his publishing début in 1982 with the short-story collection Fangeliv (Prison Life), which won Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris. He won the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature and the  Gyldendal Prize. Two of his novels have been nominated for The Nordic Council's Literature Prize: Seierherrene (The Conquerors) in 1991 and Frost in 2004. Several of his books have been translated into English. The Unseen was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize in 2017 and he was twice shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award.
Trinomial tree
The trinomial tree is a lattice-based computational model used in financial mathematics to price options on equity. It was developed by Phelim Boyle in 1986. It is an extension of the binomial options pricing model, and is conceptually similar. It can also be shown that the approach is equivalent to the explicit finite difference method for option pricing.

Trinomial trees are also deployed
 
for fixed income and interest rate derivatives; see under Lattice model (finance).

Interest rate derivative
In finance, an interest rate derivative (IRD) is a derivative whose payments are determined through calculation techniques where the underlying benchmark product is an interest rate, or set of different interest rates. There are a multitude of different interest rate indices that can be used in this definition.

IRDs are popular with all financial market participants given the need for almost any area of finance to either hedge or speculate on the movement of interest rates.

Modeling of interest rate derivatives is usually done on a time-dependent multi-dimensional lattice ("tree") or using specialized simulation models. Both are calibrated to the underlying risk drivers, usually domestic or foreign short rates and foreign exchange market rates, and incorporate delivery- and day count conventions. The Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework is often used instead of short rates.
Deubner
Deubner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Deubner (1899– 1946), Catholic priest after Orthodox one and again priest of the Russian Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite

Brett Deubner (born 1968), American violist

Ivan Deubner (1873–1936), Russian Catholic priest who converted to the Russian Catholic Church of Byzantine rite

Otfried Deubner (1908–2001), German classical archaeologist and diplomat

Alexander Deubner
Alexander Ivanovich Deubner (15 August 1899 – 15 May 1946) was a Christian priest in Russia. He was originally a Catholic priest of the Russian Catholic Church, then a priest of the Byzantine Rite before returning to the Catholic church. He was also a member of the Russian diaspora and died in the Gulag.
Yetagun gas field
The Yetagun gas field is an offshore gas field in the Andaman Sea. Following the Yadana project, the US$700 million Yetagun ("Flag of victory") project was the second natural gas offshore project in Myanmar.

Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands.  Its southern end is at Breueh Island just north of Sumatra, with the Strait of Malacca further southeast.

Traditionally, the sea has been used for fishery and transportation of goods between the coastal countries and its coral reefs and islands, which are popular tourist destinations.  The fishery and tourist infrastructure was severely damaged by the December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
La Voix season 6
La Voix is the French Canadian version of the Dutch reality vocal competition created by John de Mol The Voice of Holland. Season 6 of La Voix was broadcast in 2018 on TVA and was hosted for a sixth consecutive season by Charles Lafortune. Éric Lapointe was the only coach returning from the previous season, with Garou, Lara Fabian and Alex Nevsky replacing Marc Dupré, Pierre Lapointe and  Isabelle Boulay of the previous season.

Lara Fabian
Lara Sophie Katy Crokaert (Flemish pronunciation: [ˈlaːraː ˈkroːkaːrt]; born 9 January 1970), known professionally as Lara Fabian (Flemish: [ˈlaːraː ˈfaːbijɑn], French: [laʁa fabjɑ̃], Italian: [ˈlaːra ˈfaːbjan]), is a Belgian and Canadian singer and songwriter. Having sold over 25 million records worldwide, she is one of the best-selling Belgian artists of all time.

Born in Belgium to a Belgian father and an Italian mother, she moved to Quebec in 1991 and, since 1995, has held Canadian citizenship alongside her Belgian one. In 2003, she returned to Brussels to be close to her parents in Belgium, and in 2015, she lived in Walloon Brabant province in Belgium, just outside Brussels. In 2017, she returned permanently to Montreal, Quebec, to be with her family.
Ianapera
Ianapera is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Benenitra, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 65% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 34% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are beans, cassava and sweet potatoes. Services provide employment for 1% of the population.

Atsimo-Andrefana
Atsimo-Andrefana (South West) is a region of Madagascar. It borders Menabe in north, Amoron'i Mania and Haute Matsiatra in northeast, Ihorombe and Anosy in east and Androy in southeast. The capital is Toliara and the population was 1,799,088 in 2018. Atsimo Andrefana is geographically the largest of all Malagasy regions with an area of 66,236 km2 (25,574 sq mi).
Cyrillization of Chinese
The cyrillization of Chinese is the transcription of Chinese characters into the Cyrillic alphabet.

The Palladius system is the official Russian standard for transcribing Mandarin Chinese into Russian, with variants existing for Ukrainian, Belarusian and the various languages of Russia. It was created by Palladius Kafarov, a Russian sinologist and monk who spent thirty years in China in the nineteenth century. Other languages that use the Cyrillic script have systems designed for their own language.

Languages of Russia
Of all the languages of Russia, Russian, the most widely spoken language, is the only official language at the national level. There are 25 other official languages, which are used in different regions of Russia. These languages include; Ossetic, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Buryat, Kalmyk, Chechen, Ingush, Abaza, Adyghe, Tsakhur, Lezgian, Cherkess, Kabardian, Altai, Bashkir, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Karachay-Balkar, Khakas, Nogai, Tatar, Tuvan, Yakut, Erzya, Komi, Hill Mari, Meadow Mari, Karelian, Moksha, Veps, Ingrian, Ludian, and Udmurt. There are over 100 minority languages spoken in Russia today.
Stigmella zangherii
Stigmella zangherii is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is widespread in south-eastern Europe and Turkey, in the north to the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in the west a single specimen was recorded from south-eastern France. There are further records from eastern Austria, Hungary, mainland Italy, Sicily, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey.

The wingspan is 3.9–5.5 mm (0.15–0.22 in). Adults are on wing from May to September.

The larvae feed on Quercus cerris, Quercus macrolepis, Quercus pubescens, Quercus suber and Quercus trojana. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the type species of Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that usually mature in 18 months.
53rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 53rd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment recruited in Massachusetts for service in the American Civil War. The volunteers, mostly farmers, predominantly hailed from north-central Massachusetts.

Port Hudson, Louisiana
Port Hudson is an unincorporated community in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States. Located about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Baton Rouge, it is known primarily as the location of an American Civil War battle, the siege of Port Hudson, in 1863.
Parasnis
Parasnis or Parasnavis is a title and surname   native to the Indian state of Maharashtra and North Karnataka.

Parasnis was a designation of a post who held a high position at the royal courts.

James Laine in his book Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India says that to this day, the surname is used by many high-caste Hindus in Maharashtra.

North Karnataka
North Karnataka (Transliteration: Uttara Karnataka),  is a geographical region in Deccan Plateau from 300 to 730 metres (980 to 2,400 ft) elevation that constitutes the north region of the Karnataka state in India and the region consists of 14 districts. It is drained by the Krishna River and its tributaries the Bhima, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra. North Karnataka lies within the Deccan thorn scrub forests ecoregion, which extends north into eastern Maharashtra.

North Karnataka consists of total 13 districts and comprises the regions known as (Kalyan-Karnataka) – Kalaburagi division  and (Kittur-Karnataka) – Belagavi division. It includes districts of Bagalkote, Bijapur, Gadag, Dharwad, Haveri, Belagavi, Bellary, Bidar, Kalaburagi, Koppal, Raichur, Vijayanagara, Yadgir.
Andrew Fish
Andrew Fish is a professional disc golfer, former civil engineer, and collegiate ultimate frisbee player from Baltimore, Maryland. Fish joined the Professional Disc Golf Association in 2013, and became a professional in 2013.

Professional Disc Golf Association
The Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA) is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit membership organization dedicated to the promotion and sustainable growth of 
disc golf. The PDGA is the global governing body of disc golf.  The organization promotes the sport through tournament development, course development, rules and competitive standards, media and sponsor relations, and public education and outreach.

As of September 1, 2025, the current PDGA Board of Directors consists of Board President Nate Heinold, Board Vice President Geoff Hungerford, and Directors Wilbur Wallis, Terhi Kytö, Theo Pozzy, Charlie Mead, and Matthew Rothstein.
Thiago Silva (fighter)
Thiago Silva (born November 12, 1982) is a Brazilian kickboxer and mixed martial artist who competes in the Light Heavyweight division of Eagle FC. A professional competitor since 2005, he has competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), the World Series of Fighting (WSOF), Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (KSW) and Pancrase.

Eagle Fighting Championship
Eagle Fighting Championship (EFC), commonly referred to as Eagle FC, is a Russian mixed martial arts promotion company established in 2020 by former UFC Lightweight Champion Khabib Nurmagomedov. It was renamed to Eagle Fighting Championship (EFC) after Nurmagomedov bought Gorilla Fighting Championship (GFC) for $1 million.
Marc Breeze
Marc Breeze (born 11 February 1987) is a Welsh rugby union player. A hooker, he played club rugby for the Cardiff Blues having previously played for Ospreys, London Welsh RFC, Aberavon RFC and Aberavon Quins RFC.

Aberavon Quins RFC
Aberavon Harlequins RFC (nicknamed "The Mighty Quins") is a Welsh rugby union team located in the Fairfield area of  Port Talbot, a few minutes away from the town centre and Aberavon. In 1955, the team gained membership of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU). Today the club is a feeder club for the Ospreys.
Aberavon Harlequins has a proud tradition of producing outstanding rugby internationals, while remaining at the heart of the community—helping children grow, believe in themselves, and chase their dreams.
Thomas M'Crie the Younger
Thomas M'Crie (earlier spellings include McCree and Maccrie) (7 November 1797–9 May 1875) was a Presbyterian minister and church historian. He was a Scottish Secession minister who joined the Free Church of Scotland and served as the Moderator of the General Assembly to that church 1856/57.

United Reformed Church
The United Reformed Church (URC) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom. As of 2024 it had approximately 44,000 members in around 1,250 congregations with 334 stipendiary ministers.

The URC is a Trinitarian church whose theological roots are distinctly Reformed and whose historical and organisational roots are in the Presbyterian traditions and Congregational traditions. Its Basis of Union contains a statement concerning the nature, faith and order of the United Reformed Church which sets out its beliefs in a condensed form.
David Lamont
Colin David Lamont (born 24 August 1953) is an Australian politician and was a member of the second Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, elected to the multi-member single constituency Assembly for the Labor Party in 1992. Lamont was a senior minister in the Third Follett Ministry; and held the following titles: Deputy Chief Minister, Minister for Housing and Community Services, Minister for Urban Services, Minister for Industrial Relations, and Minister for Sport. He sought election to represent the multi-member electorate of Molonglo in the Assembly at the 1995 general election, however was unsuccessful at retaining his seat.

1992 Australian Capital Territory election
Elections to the 1992 Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly was held on Saturday, 15 February, alongside a referendum on electoral change for future elections.

The incumbent Labor Party, led by Rosemary Follett, was challenged by the Liberal Party, led by Trevor Kaine. Candidates were elected to fill seats using list proportional representation (the modified d'Hondt electoral system) and a multi-member at-large constituency.

The result was another hung parliament. However, Labor, with the largest representation in the 17-member unicameral Assembly, formed Government with the support of Michael Moore and Helen Szuty. Follett was elected Chief Minister at the first sitting of the second Assembly on 27 March 1992.

The referendum saw a majority vote to move to single transferable voting.
Lebedev–Milin inequality
In mathematics, the Lebedev–Milin inequality is any of several inequalities for the coefficients of the exponential of a power series, found by Lebedev and Milin (1965) and Isaak Moiseevich Milin (1977). It was used in the proof of the Bieberbach conjecture, as it shows that the Milin conjecture implies the Robertson conjecture.

They state that if

for complex numbers  and , and  is a positive integer, then

See also exponential formula (on exponentiation of power series).

Exponential formula
In combinatorial mathematics, the exponential formula (called the polymer expansion in physics) states that the exponential generating function for structures on finite sets is the exponential of the exponential generating function for connected structures.
The exponential formula is a power series version of a special case of Faà di Bruno's formula.
Green bromeliad frog
The green bromeliad frog (Osteopilus wilderi), or Wilder's treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Jamaica. Its natural habitats are closed-canopy forests where it occurs in terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Akiko Hasegawa
Akiko Hasegawa (長谷川 明子, Hasegawa Akiko) is a Japanese voice actress and singer best known as the voice of Miki Hoshii in The Idolmaster series. She also voices Akari in Fantasista Doll and Rena Asihara in Ro-Kyu-Bu!. On February 25, 2014, she announced that she has been married on her blog.

The Idolmaster
The Idolmaster is a Japanese media franchise that began in 2005 with a raising simulation and rhythm video game series created by Bandai Namco Entertainment (formerly Namco). The series primarily centers on the career of a producer who works with a group of young women who are aspiring or established idols at the talent agency 765 Production. Originally released as an arcade game, the franchise has grown to numerous ports, sequels and spin-offs across multiple video game consoles, including several social network games. The series includes a variety of other media such as an anime with the same name, printed media, audio dramas, a Korean drama, and radio shows.