hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation. Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone.

Steroid hormone
A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into two classes: corticosteroids (typically made in the adrenal cortex, hence cortico-) and sex steroids (typically made in the gonads or placenta). Within those two classes are five types according to the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids (both corticosteroids) and androgens, estrogens, and progestogens (sex steroids). Vitamin D derivatives are a sixth closely related hormone system with homologous receptors. They have some of the characteristics of true steroids as receptor ligands.

Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand injury and illness. The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids.
1987 Nürburgring Touring Car Grand Prix
The 1987 Nürburgring Touring Car Grand Prix was the fourth round of the inaugural World Touring Car Championship. The race was held for cars eligible for Group A touring car regulations. It was held on July 12, 1987, at the Nürburgring, in Nürburg, West Germany.

The race was won by Klaus Ludwig and Klaus Niedzwiedz, driving a Ford Sierra RS Cosworth.

Nürburg
Nürburg (German pronunciation: [ˈnyːɐ̯bʊʁk]) is a town in the German district of Ahrweiler, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is also the name of the local castle, Nürburg Castle, which was built in the High Middle Ages. The castle is made of basalt which usually has black color. The well-known 24-kilometre (15 mi) racing track Nürburgring is nearby.
The Birds of the Malay Peninsula
The Birds of the Malay Peninsula is a major illustrated ornithological reference work conceived and started by Herbert Christopher Robinson.  The full title is The Birds of the Malay Peninsula: a general account of the birds inhabiting the region from the isthmus of Kra to Singapore with the adjacent islands.  It comprises five substantial (large octavo) hardbound volumes of text, with 125 plates (123 in colour) by Henrik Grönvold and 11 maps.  It was published by H. F. and G. Witherby, London.  The binding of the first four volumes was red buckram; the fifth was red cloth with a dust jacket.

Buckram
Buckram is a stiff cotton, or occasionally, linen or horse-hair cloth with a plain, usually loose, weave, produced in various weights similar to muslin and other plain-weave fabrics. The fabric is soaked in a sizing agent such as wheat-starch paste, glue (such as PVA glue), or pyroxylin (gelatinized nitrocellulose, developed around 1910), then dried. When rewetted or warmed, it can be shaped to create durable firm fabric for book covers, hats, and elements of clothing.
David Charles (public servant)
Doctor David Charles is a former senior Australian public servant and policymaker. He is best known for his time as Secretary of the Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce. He is currently a consultant at Insight Economics Pty Ltd.

Department secretary
In Australia, a departmental secretary is the most senior public servant of an Australian Government or state government department. They are typically responsible for the day-to-day actions of a department.
Hamish Henderson
(James) Hamish Scott Henderson (11 November 1919 – 9 March 2002) was a Scottish poet, songwriter, communist, intellectual and soldier.

Henderson was a catalyst for the folk revival in Scotland. He was also an accomplished folk song collector and discovered such notable performers as Jeannie Robertson, Flora MacNeil and Calum Johnston.

Edinburgh Review
The Edinburgh Review is the title of five distinct intellectual and cultural magazines. The best known, longest-lasting, and most influential of the four was the third, which was published regularly from 1802 to 1929.
Ferdinand Steck Maschinenfabrik
Ferdinand Steck Maschinenfabrik AG is a Swiss manufacturer of specialist road building and railway equipment. The company is based at Bowil in the canton of Bern.

The company was founded in 1938 at Langnau im Emmental by Ferdinand Steck, who had previously worked as a railway mechanic and a road roller driver, in order to build his new design of road roller. The company moved to Bowil in 1960. In 1975 the company diversified into building specialist railway vehicles, including diesel locomotives for rack railways, such as the Brienz Rothorn Railway, the Furka Oberalp Railway and the Berner Oberland Railway.

Road roller
A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor-type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. Similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.

Road rollers are frequently referred to as steamrollers, regardless of their method of propulsion.
Livin' in the City
Livin' in the City is the fifth studio album by American rap rock band Fun Lovin' Criminals. It was released on August 16, 2005 via Sanctuary Records. Recording sessions took place at The Magic Shop in New York City from February 14, 2005 to February 20, 2005. Production was handled by Fun Lovin' Criminals themselves with Tim Latham serving as additional producer.

The album peaked at number 57 on the UK Albums Chart, number 50 on the Scottish Albums chart and number 11 on the UK Independent Albums chart in the United Kingdom, and number 89 on the Dutch Album Top 100.

Dutch Album Top 100
The Dutch Album Top 100 or Album Top 100 is a weekly hit list of music albums, compiled by Dutch Charts. It shows the 100 best-selling music albums of the moment in the Netherlands. The list has passed through various name changes and has expanded from a Top 10 to a Top 100.
Weightlifting at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Men's 94 kg
The men's 94 kg competition of the weightlifting events at the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin, Turkey, was held on June 25 at the Erdemli Sports Hall.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted. This weightlifting event was the lightest men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 94 kilograms of body mass.

2013 Mediterranean Games
The 2013 Mediterranean Games (Turkish: 2013 Akdeniz Oyunları), officially known as the XVII Mediterranean Games (Turkish: XVII Akdeniz Oyunları) and commonly known as Mersin 2013, was an international multi-sport event held from 20 to 30 June 2013 in Mersin, Turkey. Mersin was announced as the host city at the General Assembly of the International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM) on 23 February 2011. Mersin is the second city in Turkey after İzmir to host the Mediterranean Games. All 24 member National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the ICMG participated in the Games. The official programme for the Games is featuring events in 27 different sports.
Marriage Blue
Marriage Blue (Korean: 결혼전야; RR: Gyeolhonjeonya; lit. 'The Night Before the Wedding') is a 2013 South Korean romantic comedy film that follows the misadventures of four engaged couples in the week leading up to their weddings.

Kim Hyo-jin
Kim Hyo-jin (Korean: 김효진; born February 10, 1984) is a South Korean actress and model. She began modeling in teen magazines, and made her acting debut in 1999. She made her theater debut in 2009 in the play A Midsummer Night's Dream and followed this up by appearing in the theatrical production Fool for Love a year later. She is best known for playing the youngest of the three sisters in sex comedy film Everybody Has Secrets (2004), a con artist in the television drama Private Lives (2020), and a top star in Castaway Diva (2023).
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes developmental delay, unusual facial features, short stature, and reduction in muscle tone (hypotonia).  The syndrome was originally described in 1989 by Hans-Rudolf Wiedemann.  The genetic basis for the syndrome was identified by Dr. Wendy D. Jones in 2012.  The first case was reported in 1989 by Wiedemann and colleagues which reported a Caucasian boy with pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, psychomotor delay, and a round and flat face, short nose, widely spaced eyes, long philtrum, short palpebral fissures, low-set ears, and high-arched palate. Other findings included an alternating convergent squint, dilatation of the renal calyces, and short and thick limbs. Later decades brought about more finding and descriptions of this disorder.

Renal calyx
The renal calyces (sg. calyx) are conduits in the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces form a cup-shaped drain around the apex of the renal pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; four or five minor calyces converge to form a major calyx through which urine passes into the renal pelvis (which in turn drains urine out of the kidney through the ureter).
Hanif Mohammad
Hanif Mohammad PP (21 December 1934 – 11 August 2016) was a Pakistani cricketer. 
He played for the Pakistani cricket team in 55 Test matches between the 1952–53 season and the 1969–70 season. He averaged 43.98, scoring twelve centuries. At his peak, he was considered one of the best batsmen in the world despite playing at a time when Pakistan played very little Test cricket; Hanif played just 55 Test matches in a career spanning 17 years. In his obituary by ESPNcricinfo, he was honoured as the original Little Master, a title later assumed by Sunil Gavaskar and Sachin Tendulkar. He was the first Pakistani to score a triple hundred in a Test match.

Memon people
The Memon are a Muslim community in Gujarat, India, and Sindh, Pakistan, the majority of whom follow the Hanafi fiqh of Sunni Islam. They are divided into different groups based on their origins: Kathiawari Memons, Kutchi Memons and Bantva Memons from the Kathiawar, Kutch and Bantva regions of Gujarat, respectively, and Sindhi Memons from Sindh.

Memons have cultural similarities with the Khoja, Bohra, and other Gujarati peoples. They speak the Memoni language as their first language, which shares vocabulary with the Sindhi language, Kutchi language and Gujarati languages.

Today Memons are connected through globally recognized organisations such as the World Memon Organisation (WMO) and International Memon Organisation (IMO).
Seton Hall Pirates women's basketball
The Seton Hall Pirates women's basketball team represents Seton Hall University in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Big East where it has competed since the 1982–83 season.  Under coach Sue Dilley, the women’s basketball team began competing in 1973-74, obtaining a 9-4 record and its first winning season.  The Pirates are currently coached by Anthony Bozzella.

Seton Hall University
Seton Hall University (SHU) is a private Catholic research university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States.

Seton Hall consists of 9 schools and colleges and has an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university is known for its men's basketball team, which has appeared in 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournaments after making it to the final of the 1989 tournament and losing 79–80 in overtime to the Michigan Wolverines. The resulting increase in national television exposure has led to increasing numbers of applications from prospective students.
Barbara Emerson
Barbara Emerson is an English historian and biographer, known for her biography of King Leopold II of Belgium. She was also a fellow of St Hilda's College, Oxford.

Emerson received her degree in PPE from St Hilda's College, Oxford where she later taught.

She was highly critical of Adam Hochschild's book King Leopold's Ghost, rebuking it in The Guardian as "a very shoddy piece of work."

Adam Hochschild
Adam Hochschild (/ˈhoʊkʃɪld/ HOHK-shild; born October 5, 1942) is an American author, journalist, historian and lecturer.  His best-known works include King Leopold's Ghost (1998), To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914–1918 (2011), Bury the Chains (2005), The Mirror at Midnight (1990),  The Unquiet Ghost (1994), and Spain in Our Hearts (2016).
Angelo Jannone
Angelo Jannone is a former Italian colonel and commandant at carabinieri's corp, business consultant, manager, professor of criminology and writer. He is best known as one of the first infiltrators within the mafia and narcos families and as close collaborator of the judge Giovanni Falcone. He acted undercover in Colombian drug traffickers organizations linked to Camorristi and 'ndrine. His infiltration allowed seizure of 280 kilos cocaine and the arrest of over 40 people between Naples, Milan, Rome, Amsterdam and Venezuela. After his military career he subsequently joined the Telecom Italia Group as a manager. There, he fell under investigation for illegal counter-intelligence activities in the 2004 Telecom trial. He was accused by one of the people already under investigation, this accuser was subsequently convicted. During the trial he resigned from his position as manager in order to defend himself in the trial in which he was subsequently acquitted.

De Stefano 'ndrina
The De Stefano 'ndrina, or the De Stefano family or De Stefano-Tegano family, is one of the most powerful clans of the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal and mafia-type organisation in Calabria, Italy. The 'ndrina hailed from the Archi neighbourhood in Reggio Calabria. Several of its members were included in the list of most wanted fugitives in Italy.

The De Stefano 'ndrina has strong ramifications throughout Italy, particularly in Milan, Brescia, and Bergamo in Lombardy, but also in Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna, and Liguria.
Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial
Hydriotaphia, Urne-Buriall, or, A Discourse of the Sepulchrall Urnes lately found in Norfolk is a work by the English polymath Thomas Browne, published in 1658 as the first part of a two-part work that concludes with The Garden of Cyrus.

The pretext for the book is the archaeological discovery of Anglo-Saxon pottery in Norfolk, with Browne describing the antiquities. He then provides a survey of funerary customs, both ancient and those current to his own era. In describing human nature, Browne notes the tendency of humans to solemnize both births and deaths, using their "pompous" graves to establish their self-importance.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Ralph Coverdale
Ralph Coverdale (1918–1975) was a British soldier, psychologist and business consultant. He established The Coverdale Organization and the Coverdale Training method. He has been credited as a founder of coaching as a business practice in British industry.

Coverdale worked for years with experimental psychologist Bernard Babington Smith to develop the Coverdale Training method, a method of learning through action—later termed 'action learning' or 'inductive learning'.

Ralph Coverdale died in 1975 at 56 after being diagnosed with lung cancer.

Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology is the work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these.
Spork
A spork is a form of cutlery and combination utensil taking the form of a spoon-like scoop with two to four fork-like tines. Spork-like utensils, such as the terrapin fork or ice cream fork, have been manufactured since the late 19th century; patents for spork-like designs date back to at least 1874. Sporks are commonly used by fast food restaurants, schools, prisons, militaries, backpackers, and airlines.

The word spork is a portmanteau of spoon and fork. It appeared in the 1909 supplement to the Century Dictionary, where it was described as a trade name and "a 'portmanteau-word' applied to a long, slender spoon having, at the end of the bowl, projections resembling the tines of a fork". The word "spork" was later registered as a trademark in the US and the UK.

A utensil with a fork on one end and a spoon on the other is also known as a spork.

Airline meal
An airline meal, airline food, or in-flight meal is a meal served to passengers on board a commercial airliner. These meals are prepared by specialist airline catering services and are normally served to passengers using an airline service trolley.

These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airline companies and classes of travel. They range from a simple snack or beverage in short-haul economy class to a seven-course gourmet meal in a first class long-haul flight. The types of food offered also vary widely from country to country, and often incorporate elements of local cuisine, sometimes both from the origin and destination countries. When ticket prices were regulated in the American domestic market, food was the primary means by which airlines differentiated themselves.
Concord, Pennsylvania
Concord is an unincorporated community in Fannett Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community lies on the South side of Tuscarora Mountain, straddling Pennsylvania Route 75, and is 9.6 miles (15.4 km) south-southwest of East Waterford. Concord has a post office, with ZIP code 17217.

Concord was platted in 1797, and named after the Battle of Concord. A post office called Concord has been in operation since 1811.

Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Franklin County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 155,932. Its county seat is Chambersburg.

Franklin County comprises the Chambersburg–Waynesboro, PA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Locomotives of the North Staffordshire Railway
The North Staffordshire Railway built or had constructed for it, approximately 350 locomotives. Until the company established Stoke railway works at Stoke-upon-Trent in 1864, a variety of engineering firms supplied locomotives. The company became more self-reliant as time went on, and by the beginning of the 20th century virtually all new engines were produced at Stoke works.

The North Staffordshire Railway became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923 and its locomotives were taken into LMS stock. With the engine standardisation policy of the LMS, under the chairmanship of Sir Josiah Stamp, the relatively small number of NSR locomotives made them obvious candidates for early withdrawal and scrapping. Withdrawals started in 1927, and by April 1939 all locomotives in the capital stock had been withdrawn.

Stoke-upon-Trent
Stoke-upon-Trent, also known as Stoke, is one of the six towns that along with Hanley, Burslem, Fenton, Longton and Tunstall form the city of Stoke-on-Trent, in Staffordshire, England.

The town was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1874. In 1910 the six towns federated to become the County Borough of Stoke-on-Trent and later the City of Stoke-on-Trent. Since federation in 1910 it has been the seat of the city's council, although the city centre is regarded as being in nearby Hanley.
Thomas Gibson (priest)
Christianity portal

Thomas Brownell Gibson (17 March 1847 -  19 January 1927)  was Dean of Ferns from 1908 until 1926.

Gibson born in County Meath and was educated  at Trinity College, Dublin, qualifying with a BA in 1877 and MA in 1880 and ordained a deacon in 1876 and priest in 1877 (both in Cork).  After curacies in St. Mary's Dunmanway Co Cork (Fanlobbus), and Dublin he became the Chaplain at The King's Hospital (1878-1896). He was then the Rector at Ferns, County Wexford from 1896 until 1925. He held the posts of Canon of Taghmon and Canon of Kilrain.

He was married to Annie Martin Gibson (from County Down), eighteen years his junior, and had three daughters born in Dublin.

Ferns, County Wexford
Ferns (Irish: Fearna, short for Fearna Mór Maedhóg) is a historic town in north County Wexford, Ireland. It is 11 km (7 mi) north of Enniscorthy. The remains of Ferns Castle are in the centre of the town. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.
Gustav Glogau
Gustav Glogau (6 June 1844, Laukischken (Kreis Labiau, Province of Prussia) - 22 March 1895, Laurion (Greece)) was a German philosopher of religion and an academic. He worked for the Technical College (1881-1883) in Zurich as a private tutor and, later, ordinarius, teaching philosophy and pedagogy subjects. He taught as a professor at the Halle University (1883-), Kiel University (1884-).

Glogau was a student of the German philologist Chajim Heymann Steinthal. The name is sometime misspelled as Gustav Grogau.

Province of Prussia
The Province of Prussia (German: Provinz Preußen; Lithuanian: Prūsijos provincija; Polish: Prowincja Prusy; Kashubian: Prowincjô Prësë) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1824 to 1878. The province was established in 1824 from the provinces of West Prussia and East Prussia, and was dissolved in 1878 when the merger was reversed.

Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad, Russia) was the provincial capital.
Queen's Club
The Queen's Club is a private sporting club in Barons Court, West Kensington, London, England. The club hosts the annual Queen's Club Championships grass court lawn tennis tournament (currently known as the "HSBC Championships" for sponsorship reasons). It has 28 outdoor courts and ten indoor. With two courts, it is also the national headquarters of real tennis, hosting the British Open every year except in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. The Queen's Club also has rackets and squash courts; it became the headquarters for both sports after the closure of the Prince's Club in 1940.

Club (organization)
A club is an association of people united by a common interest or goal. A service club, for example, exists for voluntary or charitable activities. There are clubs devoted to hobbies and sports, social activities clubs, political and religious clubs, and so forth.