hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canada balsam
Canada balsam, also called Canada turpentine or balsam of fir, is the oleoresin of the balsam fir tree (Abies balsamea) of boreal North America. The resin, dissolved in essential oils, is a viscous, sticky, colourless or yellowish liquid that turns to a transparent yellowish mass when the essential oils have been allowed to evaporate.

Canada balsam is amorphous when dried. It has poor thermal and solvent resistance.

Amorphous solid
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is a characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous materials that undergo a glass transition. Examples of amorphous solids include glasses, metallic glasses, and certain types of plastics and polymers.
Zundui Naran
Zundui Naran (Mongolian: Зундуйн Наран, romanized: Zunduin Naran; born 13 February 1967) is a Mongolian former cyclist. He competed in the team time trial at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Naran was born to a Mongolian father and a Lithuanian mother. In 2010 he co-founded the Snow Leopard Club, an organisation for Mongolian cyclo-cross and off-road cyclists. As of 2018, he was the president of the Mongolian Cycling Association. He also runs the bicycle store Attila in Ulaanbaatar.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
1980–81 Rugby Union County Championship
The 1980–81 Thorn EMI Rugby Union County Championship was the 81st edition of England's County Championship rugby union club competition.

Northumberland won their second title (but first since 1898) after defeating Gloucestershire in the final.

Gloucestershire Rugby Football Union
The Gloucestershire Rugby Football Union is the union responsible for rugby union in the county of Gloucestershire, England and is one of the constituent bodies of the national Rugby Football Union. Formed in 1878, it has won the county championship on numerous occasions.
Mannadimangalam
Mannadimangalam is a village located in Vadipatti, near Kuruvithurai, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

It is located approximately 7 kilometres south-west of Vadipatti and is classified as a gram panchayat. The 2011 census recorded a population of 7,259 people.

There is a Perumal Temple on the west side of the Agraharam Road, paambalamman temple backside of Agraharam and Meenakshi Amman Temple near the Vaigai River bank. There are numerous other temples within and around Mannadimangalam village.

There is also an Adhistanam of Sri Jnanananda Bharathi Swamigal in Mannadimangalam. Sri Sringeri Jagadgurus blessed the villagers with a Lingam to be installed at the Adhistanam of Sri Jnanananda Bharathi Swamigal. Daily pooja is being performed at the Adhistanam and annual rituals like Jayanthi and Aradhana are also being celebrated.

Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist places in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns of the district include Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.
1941–42 Nemzeti Bajnokság II
The 1941–42 Nemzeti Bajnokság II season was the 41st edition of the Nemzeti Bajnokság II. In this season, three groups were created and named after Hungarian historical figures: Miklós Zrínyi, Ferenc II Rákóczi, and Mátyás Hunyadi.

Miklós Zrínyi
Miklós Zrínyi (Croatian: Nikola VII. Zrinski, Hungarian: Zrínyi Miklós; 5 January 1620 – 18 November 1664) was a Croatian and Hungarian military leader, statesman and poet. He was a member of the House of Zrinski, a Croatian-Hungarian noble family. He is the author of the first epic poem, The Peril of Sziget, in Hungarian literature.
Houstonia micrantha
Houstonia micrantha, the southern bluet, is a plant species in the coffee family.

It is native to the south-central United States where it has been found in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, southern Missouri, Alabama, western Tennessee, extreme western Florida (Escambia County) plus a few isolated locations in Georgia.

Escambia County, Florida
Escambia County is the westernmost and oldest county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 321,905. The county seat and largest city is Pensacola. Escambia County is included within the Pensacola Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county population has steadily increased as the City of Pensacola and its surrounding bedroom communities continue to grow with residential and commercial development. The county is part of the Northwest Florida region of the state.
Tell Deir
Tell Deir (Arabic: تل دير, romanized: Tall Dayr) is an archaeological site approximately halfway between Joub Jannine and Chtaura in Lebanon, and a large landmark in the Beqaa Mohafazat (Governorate). It dates at least to the Neolithic.

A large amount of Neolithic material was recovered from the site and it was studied by Lorraine Copeland and Peter Wescombe. The most plentiful types were large axes, adzes, picks, knives and scrapers. Some smaller burins were found along with sickles showing denticulation and segmentation. A few pottery sherds were found with burnishing and red washing. Finds resembled later Neolithic material found nearby and was also suggested to have been occupied in the Bronze Age.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
1872 Waikato by-election
The 1872 Waikato by-election was a by-election held on 1 March 1872 in the Waikato electorate in the Waikato region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP James McPherson on 20 December 1871.

The by-election was won by Major William Jackson. He was unopposed.

The election was delayed as the principal polling place was moved from Ngāruawāhia to Hamilton.

5th New Zealand Parliament
The 5th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. Elections for this term were held in 68 European electorates between 14 January and 23 February 1871. Elections in the four Māori electorates were held on 1 and 15 January 1871. A total of 78 MPs were elected. Parliament was prorogued in December 1875. During the term of this Parliament, six Ministries were in power.
Petr Sommer (boxer)
Petr Sommer (3 March 1947 – 20 August 2025) was a Czech boxer and boxing coach. He competed at the 1971, 1973 and 1975 European Amateur Boxing Championships.

Sommer died on 20 August 2025, at the age of 78.

1975 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The 1975 European Amateur Boxing Championships  were held in Spodek, Katowice, Poland from 1 to 8 June. The 21st edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 193 fighters from 23 countries participating.
S-1 Strategic Highway
Strategic Highway 1 (S-1), also known as the Gilgit–Skardu Road (Balti: སྐར་མདོ་གིལགིཏ་རྒྱ་ལམ) or Skardu Road, is a 167-kilometre-long (104 mi) highway in Pakistan that links the cities of Gilgit and Skardu in Gilgit−Baltistan. It was constructed by the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers and the Association of Chinese Engineers from 1970 to 1982.

Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
The Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers is a military administrative and the engineering staff branch of the Pakistan Army. The Corps of Engineers is generally associated with the civil engineering works, dams, canals, and flood protection, it performs and leads variety of public works in the country as part of its nation-building mission.

The Corps of Engineer is commanded by the Engineer-in-Chief who acts as an army's chief topographer, and advises the Army GHQ on matters of civil engineering and construction. As of 2023, the current Engineer-in-Chief is Lt-Gen. Kashif Nazir.
First inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and José Alencar were inaugurated as 35th president of Brazil and 23rd vice president, respectively, on 1 January 2003, in a ceremony held in the National Congress in Brasília, beginning the new Lula administration. In this occasion, it was the first time since redemocratization in 1985 that a president elect by the direct vote delivered the presidential sash to his successor also elected by the direct vote.

President of Brazil
The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.
Svaneti uprising of 1875–1876
The Svaneti uprising of 1875–1876 also known as Svaneti-Khalde revolt, was an uprising directed against the policy of Russian Tsar Alexander II's administration in Svaneti. It was the third and the last armed uprising of Georgian mountaineers against the Russian Imperial rule, the other two being the Mtiuleti rebellion of 1804 and the Kakheti revolt of 1812.

Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. Rebellion comes from Latin re and bellum, and in Lockian philosophy refers to the responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government.
Tacoma Building (Chicago)
The Tacoma Building was an early skyscraper in Chicago. Completed in 1889, it was the first major building designed by the architectural firm Holabird & Roche. The Tacoma Building was demolished in 1929 to be replaced by One North LaSalle.

A pioneering building of the Chicago School, it uses a framework of iron and steel constructed by George A. Fuller with, for the first time, all its members fixed together by rivets. While internally still supported by load-bearing walls, the two facades towards LaSalle Street and Madison Street are true curtain walls. With this, Holabird & Roche's structure went beyond William LeBaron Jenney's solution for his Home Insurance Building.

After investigating the lost Chicago landmark, the National Association of Building Owners and Managers diagnosed the cause of its obsolescence to be the building's inefficient layout.

Madison Street (Chicago)
Madison Street is a major east–west street in Chicago, Illinois. Prior to human intervention, in the early 19th century the Chicago River after forming a large bend emptied into Lake Michigan at the present day intersection of Madison Street and Michigan Avenue.  The street was laid out in the first plat of Chicago. Since 1908, it has served as the address origen between North and South on the Chicago street grid.

Notable buildings located along Madison Street include the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Chase Tower, Three First National Plaza, the Chicago Civic Opera House, Citigroup Center and the United Center. The West Side's United Center is across Madison Street from the former site of the Chicago Stadium, "the Madhouse on Madison" (demolished in 1995).
Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO
41°29′56″N 5°45′20″W﻿ / ﻿41.49889°N 5.75556°W﻿ / 41.49889; -5.75556

Tierra del Vino de Zamora is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) for wines located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. It was officially upgraded from the lower status of QWPSR (VCPRD in Spanish) 2007.

The authorized white varieties are Malvasía, Moscatel de grano menudo, Verdejo, Albillo, Palomino and Godello while the authorized red varieties are Tempranillo, Garnacha and Cabernet Sauvignon.

Quality wines produced in specified regions
Quality wines produced in specified regions (often abbreviated to quality wines psr, QWpsr or simply "quality wines") is a quality indicator used within European Union wine regulations. The QWpsr category identifies wines with protected geographical indications and protected designations of origin. The European Union regulates and defines the status of "quality wines" according to production method, management, and geographical location. Its original, fundamental role is in differentiating quality wines from table wines, broadly in line with the system traditionally employed by the French government, amended to account for the preferences and methodology of Italian, German, and other growers in the EU.
Joseph O'Connell Ryan
Joseph O'Connell Ryan (18 December 1841 – 26 July 1938) was a Canadian politician, barrister and editor.

Born in Dunnville, Canada West, the son of John O'Connell and the former Miss Ryan, he was educated at Regiopolis College; he adopted his mother's surname. In 1868, he married Mary Helena Macmanamin. He was editor of the British American in Kingston in 1870. Ryan was called to the Ontario bar in 1869 and to the Manitoba bar in 1872. He practised law in Portage la Prairie.

He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Liberal Party in an 1874 by-election to represent the riding of Marquette after losing the election earlier that year to Robert Cunningham. He was acclaimed in a by-election in 1878. From 1882 to 1916, Ryan was judge in the County Court for the Central Judicial District in Manitoba.

He died in Los Angeles, California at the age of 96.

Dunnville
Dunnville is an unincorporated community located near the mouth of the Grand River in Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada, near the historic Talbot Trail. It was formerly an incorporated town encompassing the surrounding area with a total population of 12,000.
Miettinen
Miettinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Olli Miettinen (1869–1946), Finnish farmer and politician

Antti Miettinen (born 1980), Finnish professional ice hockey forward

Camilo Miettinen (born 1986), Colombian-Finnish professional ice hockey forward

Jorma K. Miettinen (1921–2017), Finnish radiochemist and academician professor

Kaisa Miettinen (born 1965), Finnish mathematician

Pauliina Miettinen (born 1972), Finnish female football (soccer) coach and former player

Paavo Miettinen (1919–1985), Finnish fencer

Rauno Miettinen (born 1949), Finnish Nordic combined skier

Sami Miettinen (born 1970), Finnish non-fiction author

Taisto Miettinen (born 1965), Finnish athlete

Tommi Miettinen (born 1975), Finnish professional ice hockey centre

Ville Miettinen (born 1975), Finnish serial entrepreneur and computer programmer

Yrjö Miettinen (1913–1969), Finnish sports shooter

Kaisa Miettinen
Kaisa Miettinen is a Finnish mathematician and the former vice rector of the University of Jyväskylä in Finland. She is a professor
of industrial optimization with the Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. In addition, she heads the Multiobjective Optimization Group (former name Industrial Optimization Group).

Her research interests include multiobjective optimization (theory, methods, and software), multiple-criteria decision making, nonlinear programming, evolutionary algorithms, hybrid approaches, data-driven decision support, decision analytics as well as various applications of optimization.
United States Post Office, Court House, and Custom House (Louisville, Kentucky, 1893)
The United States Post Office, Court House, and Custom House was a U.S. federal building in Louisville, Kentucky that served as the seat of the United States District Court for the District of Kentucky and its successor, the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky, from 1893 to 1932. The five-story courthouse hosted about 100 offices and was located at the northeast corner of Fourth and Chestnut streets. The building's copper-clad clock tower was an important city landmark of its day. The building was vacated following the New Deal-era construction of what is now known as the Gene Snyder United States Courthouse, and finally demolished during World War II, in a part due to wartime scarcity of metal for industrial uses.

Cornerstone
A cornerstone (or foundation stone or setting stone) is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure.

Over time a cornerstone became a ceremonial masonry stone, or replica, set in a prominent location on the outside of a building, with an inscription on the stone indicating the construction dates of the building and the names of architect, builder, and other significant individuals. The rite of laying a cornerstone is an important cultural component of eastern architecture and metaphorically in sacred architecture generally.

Some cornerstones include time capsules from, or engravings commemorating, the time a particular building was built.
Aditya Prakash (architect)
Aditya Prakash ([ɑːd̪it̪jə pr̩ːkɑːɕ];10 March 1924, Muzaffarnagar – 12 August 2008 in Ratlam) was an architect, painter, academic and published author. He belonged to the first generation of Indian Modernists closely associated with Chandigarh and the developmentalist practices of postcolonial India under Jawaharlal Nehru. He designed over 60 buildings all in north India. His paintings are held in private collections worldwide. His architecture and art adhered strictly to modernist principles. As an academic, he was one of the earliest Indian champions of sustainable urbanism. He published two books and several papers on this topic. His archives are held at the Canadian Centre for Architecture at Montreal, Canada. Phantom hands has released a limited collection of his chairs.

Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar (Hindi pronunciation: [mʊzəfːəɾ.nəgəɾ], also [mʊd͡ʒəp.pʰəɾ.nəgəɾ]) is a city under Muzaffarnagar district in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated midway on the Delhi - Haridwar/Dehradun National Highway (NH 58) and is also well connected with the national railway network. It is known as the sugarbowl of Uttar Pradesh.

The city previously called Sarwat and is located in the middle of the highly fertile upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab region and is very near to New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the Saharanpur division. This city is part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor (ADKIC). It shares its border with the state of Uttarakhand and it is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh.
Dara, Greece
Dara (Greek: Δάρα, also Δάρας - Daras) is a community in the municipal unit of Levidi, northern Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a mountain slope near the border with Achaea. It is 2 km southeast of Pankrati (Achaea), 5 km northeast of Prasino, 16 km north of Vytina and 16 km northeast of Levidi. The Greek National Road 33 (Patras - Levidi) passes south of the village. Dara has a historical folklore museum displaying the woodcarvings of Giannis Bakopoulos.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
PT Badak Bontang Airport
PT Badak Bontang Airport (IATA: BXT, ICAO: WALC formerly WRLC), is a private airport in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This airport is managed by the state liquefied natural gas company Badak LNG, a subsidiary of Pertamina. Its distance from the town center is about 1 kilometer.

PT Badak Bontang Airport is served by one de Havilland Canada Dash-7 and one ATR-42-500 Indonesia Air Transport. The Dash-7 is owned by Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (PK-PKT), and the ATR-42-500 is chartered by Badak LNG (PK-THT). PK-THT is the world's largest LNG producer.

Pupuk Kalimantan Timur
0°11′11″N 117°28′44″E﻿ / ﻿0.186304°N 117.47878°E﻿ / 0.186304; 117.47878

PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (also called Pupuk Kaltim or PKT) is one of the strategic industrial companies in Indonesia with five Ammonia plant units and five Urea plant units in one location in Bontang, East Kalimantan and is the subsidiary of PT Pupuk Indonesia Holding Company. While the NPK factory units are spread in three cities (Bontang, Semarang, and Surabaya), including the production of organic fertilizer (called zeorganic) which is spread in five regions (Demak, Banyuwangi, Parepare, Badung, and East Lombok). Assets in 2016 reached Rp29,390 trillion.
Lhamo (surname)
Lhamo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Khandro Lhamo (1914–2003), doctor of Tibetan medicine

Passang Lhamo, Tibetan nun, activist, and singer

Rinchen Lhamo (1901–1929), Tibetan writer

Sonam Lhamo (born 1988), Bhutanese actress

Tare Lhamo (1938–2002), Tibetan Buddhist master, visionary, and treasure revealer

Tsewang Lhamo (died 1812), queen of the Kingdom of Derge for eight years

Tsundue Pema Lhamo (1886–1922), first Queen consort of Bhutan

Yungchen Lhamo (born 1960s), Tibetan singer-songwriter living in the United States

Tare Lhamo
Tāre Lhamo, a.k.a. Tāre Dechen Gyalmo (1938–26 March 2002), was a Tibetan Buddhist master, visionary, and treasure revealer (gter ston) who gained renown in eastern Tibet. She was especially praised for her life-saving miracles during the hardships of the Cultural Revolution and for extending the life-span of many masters. Local legends claim that her activities to benefit others swelled like a lake in spring.

According to Tulku Orgyen Zangpo Rinpoche, one of her treasures was tying different types of knots with string as a skillful means to fulfill wishes or activities to benefit others.