hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1st Norfolk Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Norfolk Artillery Volunteers was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force raised in the County of Norfolk in 1859 as a response to a French invasion threat. It became part of the Territorial Force in 1908 and served under various designations as field artillery in Palestine during World War I, and as heavy anti-aircraft artillery in North Africa and Italy during World War II. It disappeared in a merger in 1955.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
2007 V8 Supercar season
The 2007 V8 Supercar season was the 48th year of touring car racing in Australia since the first runnings of the Australian Touring Car Championship and the fore-runner of the present day Bathurst 1000, the Armstrong 500.

There were 15 touring car race meetings held during 2007; a fourteen-round series for V8 Supercars, the 2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series (VCS), two of them endurance races and a seven-round second tier V8 Supercar series 2007 Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series (FVS), all bar one of those was a double-header with a V8 Supercar Championship Series round.

This season saw a change of television broadcaster; the Seven Network having picked up the broadcasting rights to V8 Supercars from Network Ten and Fox Sports which had broadcast the past nine seasons in succession. However, the Seven Network had lost the rights to V8 Supercars in 2014. Since 2015, Network Ten and Fox Sports had revived the broadcasting rights for the V8 Supercars.

Fox Sports (Australia)
Fox Sports Australia Pty Limited (formerly Premier Media Group Pty Limited) is the division of Foxtel that owns and operates the Fox Sports television networks and digital properties in Australia. The group operates nine Fox Sports Channels as well as Fox Sports News, Fox Cricket, Fox League, Fox Footy, Watch AFL and Watch NRL. Fox Sports channels such as Fox Netball are available via Foxtel or Kayo. The group's main competitors are beIN Sports, ESPN and Stan Sport. Unlike the American Fox Sports, the group is not owned directly by the Fox Corporation. However News Corp, which formerly held a 65% stake in Foxtel, was Fox Corporation's sister company until April 2025. Fox Sports Australia is now owned by DAZN.
George B. Cosby
George Blake Cosby (January 19, 1830 – June 29, 1909) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He was a 1852 graduate of the United States Military Academy and served in the United States Army until May 10, 1861. After the war, he farmed in California, worked as a sutler in Oregon and held several government positions.

Sutler
A sutler or victualer is a civilian merchant who sells provisions to an army in the field, in camp, or in quarters. Sutlers sold wares from the back of a wagon or a temporary tent, traveling with an army or to remote military outposts. Sutler wagons were associated with the military, while chuckwagons served a similar purpose for civilian wagon trains and outposts.
Haybridge High School
Haybridge High School and Sixth Form is an 11–18 mixed academy school with approximately 1,250 students (420 in the sixth form) in Hagley, Stourbridge, England, United Kingdom, serving North West Worcestershire, the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, and South Staffordshire. The school is a Technology College, with the two additional specialisms of Applied Learning and Sports. It is also a Training School and a Leading Edge School.

Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
The Metropolitan Borough of Dudley is a metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It was created in 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972, through a merger of the existing Dudley County Borough with the municipal boroughs of Stourbridge and Halesowen.

The borough's main settlement is Dudley but it also includes the outlying towns of Brierley Hill, Halesowen, Kingswinford, Lye, Netherton, Sedgley, and Stourbridge.

The borough borders Sandwell to the east, the city of Birmingham to the south east, Bromsgrove to the south in Worcestershire, South Staffordshire District to the west, and the city of Wolverhampton to the north.
Kpozoun
Kpozoun is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Za-Kpota. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 14,216.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
2018 SWAC women's soccer tournament
The 2018 SWAC women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Southwestern Athletic Conference held November 1–4, 2018. The seven-match tournament took place at the Prairie View A&M Soccer Stadium in Prairie View, Texas. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Alabama State Hornets, however they were unable to defend their title, losing 1–0 to the Grambling State Tigers in the Semifinals.  The eventual champions were the Howard Bison, who defeated Grambling State 1–0 in the final. The conference tournament title was the third in the history of the Howard women's soccer program, all of which have come under the direction of head coach Brent Leiba.

Prairie View, Texas
Prairie View is a city in Waller County, Texas, United States, situated on the northwestern edge of the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. The population was 8,184 at the 2020 census.

Prairie View A&M University, the second-oldest public university in Texas, is based in the city.
Sex and Culture
Sex and Culture is a 1934 book by English social anthropologist J. D. Unwin concerning the correlation between a society's level of "cultural achievement" and its level of sexual restraint. The book concluded with the theory that as societies develop, they become more sexually liberal, accelerating the social entropy of the society, thereby diminishing its "creative" and "expansive" energy.

According to Unwin, after a nation becomes prosperous, it becomes increasingly liberal concerning sexual morality. It thus loses its cohesion, impetus and purpose, which he claims is irrevocable. Unwin also stated that absolute monogamy required legal equality between men and women.

Social entropy
Social entropy is a sociological theory that evaluates social behaviours using a method based on the second law of thermodynamics. The equivalent of entropy in a social system is considered to be wealth or residence location. The term "social entropy" was first used by physicist Peter Tait in 1874. The theory was introduced by Kenneth D. Bailey in 1990 and extended recently by Roumen Tsekov, who related social entropy to liberty and economic freedom.
Kirchsee (Schleswig-Holstein)
The Kirchsee is a lake in Plön district in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein, in a region known as "Holstein Switzerland".

The Kirchsee is the lake in the town centre of Preetz. The original settlement of Preetz is situated on its western shore. This is also the location of Preetz's town church, after which the lake is named. The Kirchsee is crossed by the River Schwentine, which flows from the south, from the Lanker See. The lake has an area of 10 hectares (25 acres), is up to 6 metres deep and lies at an elevation of about 20 m above sea level (NN). Today the lake is nearly surrounded by built-up areas.

Plön (district)
Plön (German pronunciation: [ˈpløːn] ⓘ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Ostholstein and Segeberg, the city of Neumünster, the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, the city of Kiel and the Baltic Sea.
ORP Żuraw
ORP Żuraw was a Jaskółka-class minesweeper of the Polish Navy at the outset of World War II. Her name is the Polish word for the common crane. Żuraw participated in the defense of Poland during the German invasion of 1939. The ship was surrendered to the Germans following the Polish capitulation and renamed Oxhöft as a naval trawler. Following the German surrender at the end of the war, the ship was returned to Poland under her old name. In 1947, Żuraw was modified for use as a hydrographical survey ship and renamed Kompas. She was broken up in 1981.

Common crane
The common crane (Grus grus), also known as the Eurasian crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the cranes. A medium-sized species, it is the only crane commonly found in Europe besides the demoiselle crane (Grus virgo) and the Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that only are regular in the far eastern part of the continent. Along with the sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis), demoiselle crane and the brolga (Antigone rubicunda), it is one of only four crane species not currently classified as threatened with extinction or conservation dependent on the species level. Despite the species' large numbers, local extinctions and extirpations have taken place in part of its range, and an ongoing reintroduction project is underway in the United Kingdom.
Willie Arnold
William Richard Arnold (7 July 1881 - 30 July 1957) was a Welsh rugby union international.

Arnold was the son of Thomas Arnold, co-proprietor of the Glanyrafon Tinplate Works, Clydach, Glamorgan and Arnold himself lived in Morriston, near Swansea, Glamorgan. By profession, Arnold was an architect and surveyor. As a rugby player, Arnold played at club level for Morriston, Llanelli, Swansea, Neath, London Welsh, Leicester and Glamorgan. He weighed between 8 stone 7 pounds (119 pounds) and 9 stone (126 pounds).

London Welsh RFC
London Welsh Rugby Football Club was a rugby union club formed in 1885. Based in Old Deer Park, Richmond-upon-Thames, London Welsh RFC played in the English Premiership in the 2012–13 and 2014–15 seasons, after gaining promotion from the RFU Championship in the 2012 and 2014 play-off final. The club returned to Old Deer Park in 2015 after three seasons at the Kassam Stadium, Oxford.

The club went into liquidation in December 2016 and was given a temporary licence to complete two fixtures in the Championship. Chairman at the time Bleddyn Phillips claimed to have sold the club to a California-based investment group led by Welshman Trevor Owen Shaw, but no contract or funds ever materialised.

On 24 January 2017 it was announced that London Welsh had been removed from the RFU Championship and their results expunged. The RFU stated that their place in the league was "untenable" and the club were dissolved. The remnants of the defunct club were amalgamated into their amateur set up.
Bougna
Bougna is a traditional feast dish of the Kanak people of New Caledonia. The word "bougna" comes from the Drehu word "puhnya" meaning "bundle", "pack".   The dish is also eaten in Vanuatu, where it is known as bunya or bunia.

Bougna often contains taro, yam, sweet potato, banana, and pieces of either chicken, fish, crab,  prawns  or lobster. The contents are wrapped in banana leaves and are then buried to cook in a ground oven, which uses red-hot rocks heated by fire.  After about two hours of cooking, the banana leaves are unearthed and unwrapped, and the contents are eaten.

Yam (vegetable)
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers (some other species in the genus being toxic).

Yams are perennial herbaceous vines native to Africa, Asia, and the Americas and cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical regions. The tubers themselves, also called "yams", come in a variety of forms owing to numerous cultivars and related species.
Harry German
Harry German (1 November 1865 – 14 June 1945) was an English cricketer.  German was a right-handed batsman who occasionally fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born at Measham, Leicestershire.

German made his first-class debut for Leicestershire against Essex in the 1896 County Championship.  He made four further first-class appearances for Leicestershire, the last of which came against Middlesex in the 1898 County Championship. In his five first-class matches, he scored a total of 69 runs at an average of 7.66, with a high score of 13.

He died at Charing Cross, London on 14 June 1945.  His nephew, Arthur German, also played first-class cricket for Leicestershire.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Glenn Ramsay
Glenn Ramsay (born January 20, 1935, in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 19 seasons in the IHL (1956–74). Ramsay is a six-time winner of the James Norris Memorial Trophy, which was awarded by the IHL to the goaltender with the fewest goals allowed during the regular season.

Ramsay played 945 regular season games and 63 playoff games in the IHL. He also played 9 games in the AHL with the 	Springfield Indians during the 1965–66 AHL season.

James Norris Memorial Trophy (IHL)
The James Norris Memorial Trophy was awarded annually by the International Hockey League to the goaltender(s), with the fewest goals allowed during the regular season. The trophy is named for James E. Norris, former owner of the Detroit Red Wings, in honor of his contributions to the IHL in its early years.
Fokker K.I
The Fokker K.I (Kampfflugzeug - "Battleplane"), company designation M.9, was a German experimental biplane built during World War I by the Fokker-Flugzeugwerke (Fokker Aircraft Company). It was intended to meet a need by the Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (Imperial German Air Service) for an aircraft that could defend itself against Entente fighters armed with machine guns. Fokker had had only limited resources available for the project and Anthony Fokker, the company's owner, could not devote a lot of time or material to the K.I, given the demands on his time and the company's resources. The limited flight testing conducted by Fokker revealed multiple problems with the aircraft's center of gravity and structural strength. Resolving these issues was beyond Fokker's abilities at that time and he ordered the K.I scrapped.

Luftstreitkräfte
The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊftˌʃtʁaɪtkʁɛftə], German Air Combat Forces) – known before October 1916 as Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (The Imperial German Air Service, lit. "The flying troops of the German Imperial Realm") – was the air arm of the Imperial German Army. In English-language sources it is usually referred to as the Imperial German Air Service, although that is not a literal translation of either name. German naval aviators of the Marine-Fliegerabteilung were an integral part of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). Both military branches operated aeroplanes, observation balloons and airships.
Kelli Stanley
Kelli Stanley (born 1964) is an American author of mystery-thrillers. The majority of her published fiction is written in the genres of historical crime fiction and noir. Her best known  work, the Miranda Corbie series, is set in San Francisco, her adoptive hometown.

Hardboiled
Hardboiled (or hard-boiled) fiction is a literary genre that shares some of its characters and settings with crime fiction (especially detective fiction and noir fiction). The genre's typical protagonist is a detective who battles the violence of organized crime that flourished during Prohibition in the United States (1920–1933) and its aftermath, while dealing with a legal system that has become as corrupt as the organized crime itself. Rendered cynical by this cycle of violence, the detectives of hardboiled fiction are often antiheroes. Notable hardboiled detectives include Dick Tracy, Philip Marlowe, Nick Charles, Mike Hammer, Sam Spade, Lew Archer, Slam Bradley, and The Continental Op.
2008 South Carolina Senate election
The 2008 South Carolina Senate election were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008.  The primary elections were held on June 10 and the runoff elections were held two weeks later on June 24. The current composition of the state delegation is 27 Republicans and 19 Democrats. Senators are elected for four-year terms, all in the same year.

Richland County, South Carolina
Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 416,147, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The county seat and largest community is Columbia, the state capital. The county was established on March 12, 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia. The county is also the location of the geographic center of South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.
It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
David Levi (poker player)
David Levi (Hebrew: דוד לוי; born 2 December 1962, in Tel Aviv, Israel) is an Israeli professional poker player and former professional footballer who in his poker career has won over $2.6 million in live tournaments.

Levi, who was born and raised in Israel, was a paratrooper in the Israel Defense Forces and then later played soccer professionally for Hapoel Ramat Gan. After his soccer career was cut short by a knee injury, he then moved to Los Angeles, California, where he was introduced to poker and was once the roommate of professional poker player and friend Amir Vahedi. A few years later he moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he currently resides.

As of 2020, his total live tournament winnings exceed $4,000,000. His 37 cashes at the WSOP account for $553,434 of those winnings.

World Poker Tour season 6 results
Below are the results of season six of the World Poker Tour (2007-2008).

Towards the end of season 6 the World Poker Tour announced that they would award a Tiffany designed titanium and diamond championship bracelet for all previous 96 players.
USS Ida
USS Ida was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used as a towboat and dispatch boat by the Navy, and she provided her services to ships in the blockade squadrons.

Ida was chartered by the Navy in New Orleans, Louisiana, 3 February 1863 and purchased 6 March.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
John Wilde (artist)
John Wilde (December 12, 1919 – March 9, 2006) was an American painter, draughtsman, and printmaker from Wisconsin. He spent the majority of his life in his home state and taught at The University of Wisconsin–Madison for over 35 years. Wilde is often associated with the Magic Realist and Surrealist art movements in the United States. His work frequently featured self-portraits set within fantastical, imaginative landscapes. Wilde taught at the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters in 1982 and to the National Academy of Design in New York City in 1993.

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
The Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters is an independent nonprofit organization based in Madison, Wisconsin, that produces programs and publications related to science, arts, and letters in the state.

Founded in 1870, the academy supports public engagement with scientific, cultural, and civic issues in Wisconsin through publications, exhibitions, lectures, and awards programs.
Ai River (Gifu)
35°19′35.98″N 136°35′15.29″E﻿ / ﻿35.3266611°N 136.5875806°E﻿ / 35.3266611; 136.5875806

The Ai River (相川, Ai-kawa) is a river in Japan which has its source in the city of Sekigahara, Gifu Prefecture. It drains into the Kuise River, and ultimately flows into the Kiso River.

Tarui, Gifu
Tarui (垂井町, Tarui-chō) is a town located in Fuwa District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2018, the town had an estimated population of 27,439 and a population density of 480 persons per km2, in 10,525 households. The total area of the town was 57.09 square kilometres (22.04 sq mi).
Ron Casey (editor)
Ronald Bruce Casey (August 21, 1951 – February 21, 2000) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial writer and editorial page editor for The Birmingham News.

Casey was born in Midfield, Alabama, United States in 1951. He graduated from Jones Valley High School and from the University of Alabama before joining the reporting staff at the Birmingham News in 1973. He was promoted to the editorial board in 1979, the same year he married his wife, Margaret. Ten years later, he became the editorial page editor.

In 1991, Casey, along with Harold Jackson and Joey Kennedy, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for their series, "What They Won't Tell You About Your Taxes", analyzing inequities in Alabama's  tax system and proposing needed reforms. He was a finalist for the National Headliners Award in 1992. In 1994 he was nominated for a second Pulitzer as well as for the National Education Writers Award.

The Birmingham News
The Birmingham News was the principal newspaper for Birmingham, Alabama, United States in the latter half of the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st. The paper was owned by Advance Publications and was a daily newspaper from its founding through September 30, 2012. After that day, the News and its two sister Alabama newspapers, the Press-Register in Mobile and The Huntsville Times, moved to a thrice-weekly print-edition publication schedule (Sundays, Wednesdays and Fridays).

The News and its sister newspapers published their final print edition on February 26, 2023, after almost 135 years of publication. Their digital operation, AL.com, survives.