hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination
The Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination (LISD) is a research institute on self-determination, self-governance, and diplomacy. LISD is affiliated with the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. Founded in 2000 by the Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, the Institute aims to enhance global peace and stability through its projects, publications, and commentaries.

The overarching principles of LISD are outlined in the Liechtenstein Draft Convention on Self-Determination Through Self-Administration (2002), which was drafted by Hans-Adam II and Sir Arthur Watts. The manuscript outlines the general principle of self-determination as detailed by the United Nations General Assembly. It addresses, not only the set of proposals and technical requirements for the so-called Liechtenstein Initiative, but it also considers the structure of a treaty as a legal instrument for future cases.

World peace
World peace is the concept of an ideal state of peace within and among all people and nations on Earth. Different cultures, religions, philosophies, and organizations have varying concepts on how such a state would come about.

Various religious and secular organizations have the stated aim of achieving world peace through addressing human rights, technology, education, engineering, medicine, or diplomacy used as an end to all forms of fighting. Since 1945, the United Nations and the five permanent members of its Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) have operated under the aim to resolve conflicts without war. Nonetheless, nations have entered numerous military conflicts since then.
Sookholme
Sookholme is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Warsop in the Mansfield district of western Nottinghamshire, England. It is 120 miles (190 km) north west of London, 16+3⁄4 miles (27.0 km) north of the county town and city of Nottingham, and 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) north of the town of Mansfield.

Sookholme retains an agricultural character, having been largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution, which had a transformative impact on the settlement pattern and built form of numerous other settlements situated within the North Midlands coalfields. Whilst relatively close to the built up areas of Mansfield and Shirebrook, Sookholme is remote and rural. In 1931 the parish had a population of 210.

Shirebrook
Shirebrook is a town and civil parish in the Bolsover District of Derbyshire, England. It had a population of 13,300 at the 2021 Census. The town is on the B6407 road and close to the A632 road which runs between the towns of Mansfield, Worksop and Bolsover. The town is close to the Bassetlaw and Mansfield Districts of Nottinghamshire.
Shiraoka, Saitama
Shiraoka (白岡市, Shiraoka-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 52,431 in 21,997 households and a population density of 2100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 24.92 square kilometres (9.62 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Nizamabad South mandal
Nizamabad South is an administrative division located in the revenue division and city of Nizamabad under Nizamabad Urban Constituency. It is one of the 27 mandals within Nizamabad District in the Indian state of Telangana.

On 11 October 2016, the government of Telangana reorganized the districts and mandals of the state. During reorganisation, the erstwhile Nizamabad mandal was divided into four mandals namely Nizamabad North, Nizamabad South, Nizamabad Rural and Mugpal.

Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency
Nizamabad (Rural) Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one among two constituencies in the city of Nizamabad with a population of 3,22,781. It is part of Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy of Indian National Congress is currently representing the constituency.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 17
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 17 (P. Oxy. 17) is a fragment of the second book of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War (chapters 7-8), written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the second or third century and is housed in the Milton S. Eisenhower Library at Johns Hopkins University. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measurements of the fragment are 70 by 53 mm. The fragment contains 13 lines of text. The text is written in a small and upright uncial hand. It has only one textual variant.

Bernard Pyne Grenfell
Bernard Pyne Grenfell FBA (16 December 1869 – 18 May 1926) was an English scientist and egyptologist. Excavations he did with Arthur Surridge Hunt uncovered manuscripts including the oldest Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
Continuous reactor
Continuous reactors (alternatively referred to as flow reactors) carry chemical materials as a flowing stream. Reactants are continuously fed into the reactor and emerge as continuous stream of product. Continuous reactors are used for a wide variety of chemical and biological processes within the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. A survey of the continuous reactor market will throw up a daunting variety of shapes and types of machine. Beneath this variation however lies a relatively small number of key design features which determine the capabilities of the reactor. When classifying continuous reactors, it can be more helpful to look at these design features rather than the whole system.

Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde
The Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde (Cape Verde Stock Exchange) is the stock exchange of Cape Verde. It is located in the Achada Santo António district of Praia. The Cape Verde Stock Exchange (BVC) was established on May 11, 1998 by governmental decision. At the end of 2017, the market capitalisation was 68.4 billion escudos, which equals 621 million euro.

The operating structure of the Cape Verde stock exchange combines the auctioning system with quote-driven systems in order to support larger market liquidity. The market deployed huge efforts to re-structure itself in line with the best practices and most relevant international guidelines. All platforms are credible ones and some are used by Euronext Lisbon and Interbolsa.

The BVC is a member of the African Securities Exchanges Association.

Cape Verdean escudo
The escudo (sign: ; ISO 4217: CVE) is the currency of the Republic of Cape Verde. One escudo is subdivided into one hundred centavos.

Amounts are generally written by using the cifrão ($) as the decimal separator, such as 2000 for 20 escudos, or 1.00000 for 1000.
Albert Nobbs (soundtrack)
Albert Nobbs (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the score album to the 2011 film Albert Nobbs directed by Rodrigo García, starring Glenn Close, Mia Wasikowska and Aaron Johnson. The album, which released by Varèse Sarabande on 13 December 2011, featured score composed by Irish composer, arranger and conductor Brian Byrne, and an original song "Lay Your Head Down" written by Close and performed by Sinéad O'Connor. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 69th Golden Globe Awards, and won the 16th Satellite Awards in the same category. It was chosen as one of the 39 songs to be eligible for nominations at the Best Original Song at the 84th Academy Awards, but failed to enter the final list of nominations. Byrne won the Best Original Score category at the 9th Irish Film & Television Awards.

69th Golden Globes
The 69th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film and television of 2011, were broadcast live from the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on January 15, 2012, by NBC. The host was Ricky Gervais, for the third consecutive year. The musical theme for the year was composed by Yoshiki, leader of the Japanese band X Japan. The nominations were announced by Woody Harrelson, Sofía Vergara, Gerard Butler and Rashida Jones on December 15, 2011. Multiple winners for the night included the silent film The Artist which won three awards and The Descendants winning two awards. Freshman television series Homeland also won two awards.
Jost Werke
Jost Werke SE (proper spelling: JOST Werke SE) is a manufacturer of systems for commercial vehicles based in Neu-Isenburg, Germany. Jost Werke is a leading international manufacturer and supplier for the trucking industry. The company focuses on the manufacture of safety-related systems for tractors, semi-trailers and trailers. The company has been listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange since July 20, 2017.

Neu-Isenburg
Neu-Isenburg (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈʔiːzn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ, lit. 'New Isenburg') is a town in Germany, located in the Offenbach district of Hesse. It is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area and has a population of 38,204 (2020). The town is known nowadays mainly for its regionally used shopping centre, the Isenburg-Zentrum (IZ), the Hugenottenhalle, the Hotel Kempinski Frankfurt, the Autokino Gravenbruch (the oldest drive-in cinema in Europe), the Sportpark, the Waldschwimmbad (swimming pool) and its location near Frankfurt Airport.
Jonathan Clancy
Jonathan Clancy (born 12 March 1986) is an Irish hurler; he played in a variety of positions, but mostly at midfield for the Clare senior team.

Born in Clarecastle, County Clare, Clancy first played competitive hurling whilst at school at St. Flannan's College. He first played  in the inter-county leagues at the age of seventeen when he joined the Clare minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut in the 2005 championship. Clancy went on to play for Clare for almost a decade, and won one All-Ireland medal as a non-playing substitute and one Waterford Crystal Cup medal.

As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team at various times, Clancy won one Railway Cup medal as a non-playing substitute in 2007. At club level he is a two-time championship medallist with Clarecastle.

Throughout his career Clancy made 28 championship appearances. He announced his retirement from inter-county hurling on 7 February 2014.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
Moletsane High School
Moletsane High School is a government secondary school in Soweto, South Africa. Founded in 1972 it became a secondary school in 1976. Students from the school were involved in the Soweto Uprising in 1976. The school's public/private partnership and the school's improvements in its results were praised by the South African Minister for Education.

In 2010, the principal was B.A Setshedi who oversees a school that focuses on maths and physics.

Soweto
Soweto (/səˈwɛtoʊ, -ˈweɪt-, -ˈwiːt-/) is a township of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa, bordering the city's mining belt in the south. Its name is an English syllabic abbreviation for South Western Townships. Formerly a separate municipality, it is now incorporated in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality since 2002 and is one of the suburbs of Johannesburg.
Bank of Commerce and Trust Company Building
The Bank of Commerce and Trust Company Building is a historic building in Downtown Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built in 1929 for the bank of Commerce and Trust, later known as the National Bank of Commerce (now part of SunTrust Banks).

Its construction cost $2 million. It was designed by Hanker & Cairns in the Classical Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 7, 1980.

Downtown Memphis, Tennessee
Downtown Memphis is the central business district of Memphis, Tennessee, and is located along the Mississippi River between Interstate 40 to the north, Interstate 55 to the south, and Interstate 240 to the east, where it abuts Midtown Memphis.

The downtown area is home to the Memphis Redbirds, the AAA affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals, as well as the Memphis Grizzlies NBA team.
Dickson Tarkighir
Dickson Dominic Tarkighir (born 12 April 1969) is a Nigerian politician. He is a member of the 10th Nigeria National Assembly of the Nigerian House of Representatives representing Makurdi/Guma Federal Constituency. He was also a member of the 8th National Assembly and a member of the ECOWAS parliament.

Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is the electoral body which oversees elections in Nigeria. It was established in 1998 shortly before Nigeria's transition from military to civilian rule.
Yeniyol, Kelkit
Yeniyol (formerly Pöske) is a village in the Kelkit District of Gümüşhane Province, Turkey. As of 2022, the population of the village is 154.

It is located in the Harşit Valley, on both sides of Gümüşhane-Bayburt road at the 17th kilometer. The river Harşit (which is parallel to the road) also divides the village into two parts.

The village regionally famous for its pestil(a dried fruit pulp), rose hip, sour apples, and vegetables.

Pestil
Pestil is a traditional dried fruit pulp that is commonly produced in Anatolia and Armenia. It is known under different names such as bastegh or pastegh (Armenian: պաստեղ), t'tu lavash (Armenian: թթու լավաշ, lit. 'sour lavash'), bestil, and fruit leather.

Fruit leather is made from mechanically pulverizing fruit, then spreading it out to dry into a tough, yet flexible and edible material which can be kept preserved for several months in an airtight container. It is a popular dessert in Armenia and Turkey.

Pestil might be made with different types of fruit beside plums. Pomegranates, grapes, apples, apricots, pears, peaches and watermelons are popular choices.
RASGRF1
Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RASGRF1 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene product. Functional analysis has demonstrated that this protein stimulates the dissociation of GDP from RAS protein.

The studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that the Ras-GEF activity of this protein in the brain can be activated by Ca2+ influx, muscarinic receptors, and G protein beta-gamma subunit. Mouse studies also indicated that the Ras-GEF signaling pathway mediated by this protein may be important for long-term memory. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009].

Long-term memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely. It is defined in contrast to sensory memory, the initial stage, and short-term or working memory, the second stage, which persists for about 18 to 30 seconds. LTM is grouped into two categories known as explicit memory (declarative memory) and implicit memory (non-declarative memory). Explicit memory is broken down into episodic and semantic memory, while implicit memory includes procedural memory and emotional conditioning.
Sequía
Sequía (lit. 'Drought'), as known in Spain, or Crimes Submersos (lit. 'Underwater Crimes') in Portugal, is a Spanish–Portuguese thriller television series which stars Elena Rivera, Marco d'Almeida, Guilherme Filipe, Miryam Gallego and Rodolfo Sancho, among others. It is produced by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE) and Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) in collaboration with Atlantia Media and Coral Europa. It premiered on La 1 and RTVE Play on 18 January 2022 and on RTP1 on 21 January 2022.

La 1 (Spanish TV channel)
La 1 (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈuno], The One) is a Spanish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisión Española (TVE), the television division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's flagship television channel and is known for broadcasting mainstream and generalist programming, including Telediario news bulletins, prime time drama, cinema and entertainment, and major breaking news, sports and special events.
Širvinta
The Širvinta is a river in Lithuania. Stretching for 129 km, it is the longest tributary of the Šventoji. Its source is in the hinterlands of the Širvintos district. After it passes through the town of Širvintos, where a low head dam has been built, it continues through the Ukmergė district, and borders the Jonava district. The Širvinta flows into the Šventoji's left bank between Upninkai and Vepriai.

The Širvinta has a rapid flow and winding rocky bed, which is used by kayakers. The Širvinta Landscape Reserve, encompassing the river banks and escarpments of the Širvinta, was established in 1992 to protect the channel's unique landscape. Some of the loamy scarps near Upninkai reach as high as 40 metres.

The name of the river is probably derived from the Baltic adjective širmas or širvas, meaning brown.

Recreational kayak
A recreational kayak is a type of kayak that is designed for the casual paddler interested in recreational activities on a lake or flatwater stream; they presently make up the largest segment of kayak sales.
Gordon Cobbledick
Gordon Russell Cobbledick (December 31, 1898 – October 2, 1969) was an American sports journalist and author in Cleveland. He was the sports editor of The Plain Dealer for many years, and posthumously received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award, the highest award given by the Baseball Writers' Association of America.

The Plain Dealer
The Plain Dealer is the primary newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio. In the fall of 2019, it ranked 23rd in U.S. newspaper circulation, a significant drop since March 2013, when its circulation ranked 17th daily and 15th on Sunday.

As of May 2019, The Plain Dealer had 94,838 daily readers and 171,404 readers on Sunday. The Plain Dealer's media market, the Cleveland-Akron Designated Market Area, has a population of 3.8 million people making it the 19th-largest market in the United States.

As of 2023, Sunday print circulation had declined to 37,000 copies.

In August 2013, The Plain Dealer reduced home delivery to four days a week, including Sunday. A daily version of The Plain Dealer was available electronically as well as in print at stores, newsracks and newsstands.
Two-Mix Tribute Album "Crysta-Rhythm"
Two-Mix Tribute Album "Crysta-Rhythm" is a various artists album paying tribute to J-pop duo Two-Mix, released by King Records on July 27, 2022. It features artists such as Angela, Nagi Yanagi, Hikaru Midorikawa, Chihiro Yonekura, and others.

The album peaked at No. 43 on Oricon's weekly albums chart and No. 29 on Billboard Japan's Hot Albums chart.

Hikaru Midorikawa
Hikaru Midorikawa (緑川 光, Midorikawa Hikaru; born May 2, 1968) is a Japanese voice actor from Otawara, Tochigi who is represented by Aoni Production. He is best known for the roles of Softon in Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo, Tamahome in Fushigi Yûgi, Seiran Shi in Saiunkoku Monogatari, Gridman in Gridman the Hyper Agent, Heero Yuy in Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, Kaede Rukawa in Slam Dunk, Ayato Sakamaki in Diabolik Lovers, Rantaro Amami in Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony, Zelgadis Greywords in Slayers, Ryuho in s-CRY-ed, Ein/Hayate from the Dead or Alive series, Marth from the Fire Emblem series, Akihiko Sanada from Persona 3, Lancer from Fate/Zero, Kyōsuke Natsume from Little Busters!, Sakamoto from Haven't You Heard? I'm Sakamoto, Zora Ideale from Black Clover, Kouga from Saint Seiya Omega, Ensign Nogami from The Cockpit, Garou from One-Punch Man, Cherry Blossom from SK8 the Infinity, and Lilia Vanrouge from Disney: Twisted-Wonderland.
Herbert D. G. Maschner
Herbert D. G. Maschner (born 1959) is an American anthropologist and academic administrator. His research interests include biocomplexity and sustainability in prehistoric human ecology (particularly with respect to Arctic cultures), warfare and inequality in prehistory, the application of Darwinian theory and evolutionary psychology to archaeology, GIS in archaeology, isotope analysis and virtual museums and repositories.

Maschner was a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1993–1999), Idaho State University (1999–2015) and the University of South Florida (2015–2017). He resigned his professorship following controversy over his sexual harassment of a student at ISU and complaints about his conduct at USF.

Human ecology
Human ecology is the interdisciplinary study of the relationships between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. Emerging from ecology and the social sciences in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it integrates perspectives from biology, geography, sociology, anthropology, psychology, public health, and related fields.

The discipline examines how human populations adapt to environmental conditions, how cultural and social structures influence ecological interactions, and how technological and economic systems shape sustainability.

Human ecology has informed urban planning, epidemiology, resource management, and environmental policy, while also drawing on traditional and indigenous knowledge of human–environment relations. Today, it serves as a framework for understanding global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and social resilience.
Thengapattanam
Thengapattanam  (also referred to as "Thengapattinam", thennaipattinam" and "thenpattinam" ), named after dense coconut grooves, is a major trade and tourism centre in the painkulam panchayath along the coastal plains of Kanyakumari district. Thengapattanam, once part of Travancore and later Kerala, was added to Tamil Nadu on 1 November 1956 along with some parts of today's Kanniyakumari District.

Thamirabarani River
The Thamirabarani or Tamraparni or Porunai is a perennial river that originates from the Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats, above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk. It flows through Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts of the Tamil Nadu state of southern India into the Gulf of Mannar. It was called the Tamraparni River in the pre-classical period, a name it lent to the island of Sri Lanka. The old Tamil name of the river is Porunai. From the source to sea, the river is about 128 kilometres (80 mi) long and is the only perennial river in Tamil Nadu. This river flows towards north direction initially. However, it changes to east direction later.