hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abeh-ye Hajji Nazar
Abeh-ye Hajji Nazar (Persian: ابه حاجي نظر, also Romanized as Ābeh-ye Ḩājjī Naẓar; also known as Ḩājīnaẓar) is a village in Daland Rural District, in the Central District of Ramian County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 23 families.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
Harold Gatty
Harold Charles Gatty (5 January 1903 – 30 August 1957) was an Australian navigator and aviation pioneer. Charles Lindbergh called Gatty the "Prince of Navigators."  In 1931, Gatty served as navigator, along with pilot Wiley Post, on the flight which set the record for aerial circumnavigation of the world, flying a distance of 15,747 miles (24,903 km) in a Lockheed Vega named the Winnie Mae, in 8 days, 15 hours and 51 minutes.

Dead reckoning
In navigation, dead reckoning is the process of calculating the current position of a moving object by using a previously determined position, or fix, and incorporating estimates of speed, heading (or direction or course), and elapsed time. The corresponding term in biology, to describe the processes by which animals update their estimates of position or heading, is path integration.

Advances in navigational aids that give accurate information on position, in particular satellite navigation using the Global Positioning System, have made simple dead reckoning by humans obsolete for most purposes. However, inertial navigation systems, which provide very accurate directional information, use dead reckoning and are very widely applied.
2005 New York City Marathon
The 2005 New York City Marathon was the 36th running of the annual marathon race in New York City, New York, which took place on Sunday, November 6. The men's elite race was won by Kenya's Paul Tergat in a time of 2:09:29.9 hours, while the women's race was won by Latvia's Jeļena Prokopčuka in 2:24:41.

In the wheelchair races, South Africa's Ernst van Dyk (1:31:11) and Switzerland's Edith Hunkeler (1:54:17) won the men's and women's divisions, respectively. In the handcycle race, Australia's Todd Philpott (1:26:24) and Laura Stam (1:40:13) were the winners.

A total of 36,872 runners finished the race, 24,812 men and 12,060 women.

Wheelchair racing
Wheelchair racing is the racing of wheelchairs in track and road races. Wheelchair racing is open to athletes with any qualifying type of disability, including leg amputees, spinal cord injuries, and cerebral palsy. Athletes are classified in accordance with the nature and severity of their disability or combinations of disabilities. Like running, it can take place on a track or as a road race. The main competitions take place at the Summer Paralympics which wheelchair racing and athletics has been a part of since 1960. Competitors compete in specialized wheelchairs which allow the athletes to reach speeds of 30 km/h (18.6 mph) or more. It is one of the most prominent forms of Paralympic athletics.
1972 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
The 1972 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship was the 51st staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

London entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten in the British Junior Championship.

The All-Ireland final was played on 1 October 1972 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Cork and Hertfordshire, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cork won the match by 5–16 to 0–03 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first tile in eight years.

Hertfordshire GAA
The Hertfordshire County Board or Hertfordshire GAA is one of the seven county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Great Britain, and is responsible for the administration of Gaelic games in Hertfordshire, England.
George Blackmore
George Patrick Maxwell Blackmore (8 October 1908 – 29 January 1984) was an English cricketer who played in three first-class cricket matches in India and England. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler who was born in Gillingham, Kent. Blackmore was educated Blundell's School and died in Isleworth in Middlesex in 1984 aged 75.

Blackmore played one first-class match in India for the Europeans cricket team in the Bombay Pentangular Tournament of 1944/45, scoring eight runs in his only innings. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Kent County Cricket Club over three and a half years later, in 1948, followed by two appearances in the County Championship later in the same season at the age of 39. In the two innings in which he batted, he scored only four runs and took two wickets.

Blundell's School
Blundell's School is an independent co-educational boarding and day school in the English public school tradition, located in Tiverton, Devon. It was founded in 1604 under the will of Peter Blundell, one of the richest men in England at the time, and moved to its present site on the outskirts of the town in 1882.

While the full boarding fees are £45,750 per year, the school offers several scholarships and bursaries, and provides flexi-boarding. The school has 360 boys and 225 girls, including 117 boys and 85 girls in the Sixth Form, and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Rogaczówek
Rogaczówek [rɔɡaˈt͡ʂuvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Żytno, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 97 km (60 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Gaius Valerius Potitus
Gaius Valerius Potitus was consul with M. Claudius Marcellus in 331 BC and was aedile in 329 BC. His father was Gaius Valerius Potitus (Tribuni militum consulari potestate in 370 BC) and his brother was Lucius Valerius Potitus (magister equitum in 331 BC).

During his consulship, Valerius carried out the execution of some 170 women accused of murdering their husbands with poison. They were all convicted on the testimony of one slave girl.

During his term as aedile, Valerius brought Marcus Flavius to trial for adultery. During the trial, Valerius lost his temper and bluntly stated he didn't care whether or not he was ruining an innocent man as long as Flavius was being ruined. Because of this he failed to convict Flavius.

Consul
Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states through antiquity and the Middle Ages, in particular in the Republics of Genoa and Pisa, then revived in modern states, notably in the First French Republic. The related adjective is consular, from the Latin consularis.

This usage contrasts with modern terminology, where a consul is a type of diplomat.
Otto Eis
Otto Eis (1903–1952) was an Austrian-born writer who worked on a number of screenplays. He was born Otto Eisler to a Jewish family in Budapest which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He later moved to Germany, where he was employed in the German film industry. Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, he moved to Austria, but had to flee again to France following the Anchluss. Eis later moved to the United States, but struggled to secure work in Hollywood although he wrote scripts for a handful of B pictures. Eis was the brother of Egon Eis with whom he co-wrote the screenplay for The Squeaker (1931).

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.
Streptomyces griseofuscus
Streptomyces griseofuscus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan. Streptomyces griseofuscus produces azinomycin A, azinomycin B, bundlin A, bundlin B, moldicidin A, physostigmine, fungichromin and pentamycin.

Physostigmine
Physostigmine (also known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean) is a highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It occurs naturally in the Calabar bean and the fruit of the Manchineel tree.

The chemical was synthesized for the first time in 1935 by Percy Lavon Julian and Josef Pikl. It is available in the U.S. under the trade names Antilirium and Isopto Eserine, and as eserine salicylate and eserine sulfate. Today, physostigmine is most commonly used for its medicinal value. However, before its discovery by Sir Robert Christison in 1846, it was much more prevalent as an ordeal poison. The positive medical applications of the drug were first suggested in the gold medal-winning final thesis of Thomas Richard Fraser at the University of Edinburgh in 1862.
Upton Scudamore
Upton Scudamore is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. The village lies about 1.8 miles (3 km) north of the town of Warminster and about the same distance south of Westbury. The parish includes the hamlet of Halfway.

The village occupies a ridge which is the watershed between tributaries of the Bristol Avon and those of the Hampshire Avon. Upton Cow Down rises above the village to the north-east, on the western edge of Salisbury Plain. Springs in the north of the parish are the source of the River Biss, known here as the Biss Brook.

River Avon, Bristol
The River Avon (/ˈeɪvən/ AY-vən) is a river in the southwest of England. To distinguish it from a number of other rivers of the same name, it is often called the Bristol Avon. The name 'Avon' is loaned from an ancestor of the Welsh word afon, meaning 'river'.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire into Somerset. In its lower reaches from Bath (where it meets the Kennet and Avon Canal) to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol, the river is navigable and is known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the United Kingdom, at 83 miles (134 km), although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).
The Book of the Long Sun
The Book of the Long Sun (1993–1996) is a series of four science fantasy novels or one four-volume novel by the American author Gene Wolfe. It is set in the same universe as The Book of the New Sun series that Wolfe inaugurated in 1980, and the Internet Science Fiction Database catalogs them both as sub-series of the "Solar Cycle", along with other writings.

The Long Sun story is continued in The Book of the Short Sun (1999–2001), a series of three novels or one in three volumes. In Short Sun the relation to the original New Sun is made clear.

The Mythopoeic Society considered The Book of the Sun as a whole for annual literary awards. It was one of five finalists for the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award in 1997. Locus magazine and the SFWA considered the volumes separately for "Best Novel" awards.

Mythopoeic Society
The Mythopoeic Society (MythSoc) is a non-profit organization devoted to the study of mythopoeic literature, particularly the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams, and C. S. Lewis. These men were all members of The Inklings, an informal group of writers who met weekly in Lewis' rooms at Magdalen College, Oxford, from the early 1930s until late 1949.
Walter A. Johnson
Walter A. Johnson (April 3, 1893 – July 23, 1958) was an American football and basketball coach and college athletics administrator. He coached both sports at Presbyterian College in Clinton, South Carolina. As the athletic director at Presbyterian, he is loosely credited with giving the school's sports teams their unique nickname, the Blue Hose.

A native of Milwaukee, Johnson attended South Division High School, where he played football as a fullback. He graduated from the Normal School of Education in Battle Creek, Michigan in 1915.

Johnson died of a heart ailment, on July 23, 1958, at the age of 65, at his home in Clinton. The former football field at Presbyterian was named in his honor.

Clinton, South Carolina
Clinton  is a city in Laurens County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 7,633 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Greenville–Mauldin–Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area in upstate South Carolina. Clinton is the home of Presbyterian College.
Arnoud Greidanus
Arnoud Greidanus (born 1 June 1981) is a Dutch lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 2007 World Rowing Championships in Munich with the lightweight men's eight. In 2012 he won a silver medal at the 2012 World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv with the lightweight men's pair, together with Joris Pijs.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.
Donald Justice Poetry Prize
The Donald Justice Poetry Prize is an American national competition sponsored by the Spencer Poetry Awards of the West Chester University Poetry Center which Kean W. Spencer created in honor of his mother, Iris N. Spencer. The prize recognizes the distinguished American poet, teacher, and Pulitzer Prize winner, Donald Justice. The WCU Poetry Center welcomes submissions of unpublished, original book-length manuscripts that pay attention to form for consideration in this competition.

The submissions are judged blindly and selected by a notable poet who works in traditional forms. Past judges have included Major Jackson, Patricia Smith, Cornelius Eady, Erica Dawson, David Mason, A. E. Stallings, and Marilyn Nelson.

The winner receives $1,500 and will have the manuscript published. Prior to 2018, winning poetry collections were either published by Measure Press or West Chester University.

Cornelius Eady
Cornelius Eady (born 1954) is an American writer focusing largely on matters of race and society. His poetry, often praised for its simplicity and plainspokenness, centers on jazz and blues, family life, violence, and societal problems stemming from questions of race and class. He is a cofounder of the Cave Canem fellowship for poets of the African diaspora.
Hojagala
Hojagala, formerly known as Oktyabr'sk (in Russian: "Октябрьск") or as the "Kolkhoz named after halturin" ("Колхоз имени Халтурина"), is a town in Çärjew District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. In 2022, it had a population of 4,752 people.

This town should not be confused with the village of the same name in Gyzylarbat District, Balkan Province, or the village of the same name in Magtymguly District, Balkan Province.

Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz (Russian plural: kolkhozy; anglicized plural: kolkhozes (Russian: колхо́з, IPA: [kɐlˈxos] ⓘ) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917, as an antithesis both to the feudal structure of impoverished serfdom and aristocratic landlords and to individual or family farming.
Oladipo
Oladipo (alternatively spelled "Ladipo"; variant: Oládipúpọ̀) is both a Yoruba language surname and a given name meaning "more wealth".

Notable people with the name include:

Victor Oladipo (born 1992), American basketball player

Divine Oladipo, British Athlete

Oladipo Agboluaje (born 1968), British playwright

Oladipo Diya (1944–2023), Nigerian general

Oladipo Jadesimi, Nigerian oil businessman

Adebukola Oladipupo, Nigerian actress

Oladipo Diya
Donaldson Oladipo Oyeyinka Diya GCON, BL, PSC, FSS, mni ((Listenⓘ); 3 April 1944 – 26 March 2023) was a Nigerian general and lawyer who served as Chief of General Staff (de facto vice president of Nigeria) under military head of state General Sani Abacha from 1993 until his arrest for treason in 1997. He also served as Chief of Defence Staff and as military governor of Ogun State from January 1984 to August 1985.
Duff reaction
The Duff reaction (after James Cooper Duff) also known as the hexamine aromatic formylation, is a formylation reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of benzaldehydes. Hexamine acts as the formyl carbon source, while acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid acts as both reagent and solvent. The process is generally inefficient, but is unusual in that it is able to attach multiple aldehyde groups. Other formylation reactions struggle to achieve this, as aldehydes are strongly deactivating.

The reaction requires strongly electron donating substituents on the aromatic ring such as in the case of phenols. Formylation occurs ortho to the electron donating substituent preferentially, unless the ortho positions are blocked, in which case the formylation occurs at the para position.

Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is among the simplest aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially useful.

It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor similar to that of bitter almonds and cherry, and is commonly used in cherry-flavored sodas. A component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. Synthetic benzaldehyde is the flavoring agent in imitation almond extract, which is used to flavor cakes and other baked goods.
John Lazar (engineer)
Sir John Wilfred Lazar CBE FREng FBCS (born March 1959) is a British investor, engineer and businessman  who is the current president of the Royal Academy of Engineering. He spent much of his career at Metaswitch, where he served as chairman and CEO, after starting at the company as a software engineer.

Lazar currently serves as the chairman for the Raspberry Pi Foundation and co-founder & General Partner at Enza Capital.

Royal Academy of Engineering
The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior fellow and remained so until his death. The Fellowship was incorporated and granted a royal charter on 17 May 1983 and became the Royal Academy of Engineering on 16 March 1992. It is governed according to the charter and associated statutes and regulations (as amended from time to time). In June 2024 His Majesty the King became Patron of the Academy.
More (magazine)
More  was a women's lifestyle magazine published 10 times a year by the Meredith Corporation with a rate base of 1.3 million and a circulation of 1.8 million. A Canadian version was published under license by Transcontinental from 2007 to 2012.

Lifestyle journalism
Lifestyle journalism is the field of journalism that provides news and opinion, often in an entertaining tone, regarding goods and services used by readers in their everyday life. Lifestyle journalism covers travel, fashion, fitness, leisure, food, and arts, among other topics.
HMCS Corner Brook
HMCS Corner Brook (SSK 878) is a long-range hunter-killer submarine (SSK) of the Royal Canadian Navy. She is the former Royal Navy Upholder-class submarine HMS Ursula (S42), purchased from the British at the end of the Cold War. She is the third boat of the Victoria class and is named after the city of Corner Brook, Newfoundland. The submarine was launched in 1989 and entered service with the Royal Navy in 1992. The Royal Navy laid Ursula up in 1994. In 1998, Canada acquired the submarine from the United Kingdom. The vessel entered service with the Canadian Armed Forces in 2003. Renamed Corner Brook, the submarine took part in several military exercises both internationally, such as NATO exercises and domestic, such as Operation Nanook. In June 2011, the submarine ran aground in Nootka Sound, damaging the vessel's bow. The submarine was sent for refit in 2014. In April 2025, she was back to full capability.

Corner Brook
Corner Brook (2021 population: 19,316 CA 29,762) is a city located on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Corner Brook is the fifth largest settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador, and the largest outside the Avalon Peninsula.

Located on the Bay of Islands at the mouth of the Humber River, the city is the second-largest population centre in the province behind St. John's, and smallest of three cities behind St. John's and Mount Pearl. As such, Corner Brook functions as a service centre for western and northern Newfoundland. It is located on the same latitude as Gaspé, Quebec, a city of similar size and landscape on the other side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Corner Brook is the most northern city in Atlantic Canada.

It is the administrative headquarters of the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nations band government. The Mi'kmaq name for the nearby Humber River is "Maqtukwek."