hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William B. Gragg
William B. Gragg (2 November 1936 – 25 December 2016) ended his career as an emeritus professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics at the Naval Postgraduate School. He has made fundamental contributions in numerical analysis, particularly the areas of numerical linear algebra and numerical methods for ordinary differential equations.

He received his PhD at UCLA in 1964 under the direction of Peter Henrici. His dissertation work resulted in the Gragg Extrapolation method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (sometimes also called the Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm).

Gragg is also well known for his work on the QR algorithm for unitary Hessenberg matrices, on updating the QR factorization,
superfast solution of Toeplitz systems, parallel algorithms for solving eigenvalue problems, as well as his exposition on the Pade table and its relation to a large number of algorithms in numerical analysis.

QR decomposition
In linear algebra, a QR decomposition, also known as a QR factorization or QU factorization, is a decomposition of a matrix A into a product A = QR of an orthonormal matrix Q and an upper triangular matrix R. QR decomposition is often used to solve the linear least squares (LLS) problem and is the basis for a particular eigenvalue algorithm, the QR algorithm.
Alex Čejka
Alexander Čejka (born 2 December 1970) is a Czech-German professional golfer.

Čejka was born in Mariánské Lázně, Czechoslovakia. He left the country with his parents as a refugee at the age of nine, eventually settling in Munich, where he lived for many years, becoming a West German citizen. Čejka lives in Las Vegas and also has a home in Prague.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
Connellsville Cokers (baseball)
The Connellsville Cokers, based in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, USA, were a professional minor league baseball team that played in the Western Pennsylvania League in 1907, the Pennsylvania–West Virginia League in 1908 and 1909 and the Ohio–Pennsylvania League in 1912. An un-nicknamed Connellsville team then played in the PWVL in 1914. They were the first professional baseball team to be based in Connellsville.

Notable players include major leaguers Roy Ellam, Hy Myers and Huck Wallace.

Roy Ellam (baseball)
Roy Ellam (February 8, 1886 – October 28, 1948), nicknamed "Slippery", was an American professional baseball player.  He was a shortstop for parts of two seasons (1909, 1918) with the Cincinnati Reds and Pittsburgh Pirates.  For his career, he compiled a .143 batting average, with one home run and six runs batted in.

He was born in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.

He was killed on October 28, 1948 in Conshohocken when he was hit by a 150 lb (68 kg) weight which fell from a fire escape.
Cowskin Creek
Cowskin Creek is a stream in northwest Douglas and extreme southeastern Webster counties of Missouri. Cowskin has its headwaters in southeast Webster County west of Cedar Gap and is a tributary to Beaver Creek which it joins just west of the Arno store. The stream is bridged by Missouri Route 14 just east of the junction with Missouri Route K.

According to tradition, a pioneer citizen skinned cows who had died of disease near this creek.

Cedar Gap, Missouri
Cedar Gap is an unincorporated community in southwestern Wright County, Missouri, United States. Cedar Gap lies just south of US Route 60 between Mansfield to the east and Seymour in adjacent Webster County to the west.
1985 Dublin Corporation election
An election to Dublin City Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 52 councillors were elected from twelve local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended for a further year, to 1991.

Local electoral area
A local electoral area (LEA; Irish: toghlimistéar áitiúil) is an electoral area for elections to local authorities in Ireland. All elections use the single transferable vote. Ireland is divided into 166 LEAs, with an average population of 28,700 and average area of 423.3 square kilometres (163.4 sq mi). The boundaries of LEAs are determined by order of the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, usually based on lower-level units called electoral divisions (EDs), with a total of 3,440 EDs in the state.

As well as their use for electoral purposes, LEAs are local administrative units in Eurostat NUTS classification. They are used in local numbers of cases of COVID-19.
Penney's game
Penney's game, also known as Penney Ante, named after its inventor Walter Penney, is a binary (head/tail) sequence generating game between two players. Player A selects a sequence of heads and tails (of length 3 or larger), and shows this sequence to player B. Player B then selects another sequence of heads and tails of the same length. Subsequently, a fair coin is tossed until either player A's or player B's sequence appears as a consecutive subsequence of the coin toss outcomes. The player whose sequence appears first wins.

Provided sequences of at least length three are used, the second player (B) has an edge over the starting player (A). This is because the game is nontransitive such that for any given sequence of length three or longer one can find another sequence that has higher probability of occurring first.

Yutaka Nishiyama
Yutaka Nishiyama (西山 豊, Nishiyama Yutaka, born 21 October 1948) is a Japanese mathematician and professor at the Osaka University of Economics, where he teaches mathematics and information. He is known as the "boomerang professor". He has written nine books about the mathematics in daily life. The most recent one, The mystery of five in nature, investigates, amongst other things, why many flowers have five petals.
Grizzard, Virginia
Grizzard is an unincorporated community in Sussex County, Virginia, United States. Grizzard is 6.5 miles (10.5 km) east-northeast of Emporia.

Fortsville was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Sussex County, Virginia
Sussex County is a rural county located in the southeast of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,829. Its county seat is Sussex. It was formed in 1754 from Surry County. The county is named after the county of Sussex, England.

Sussex County is included in the Greater Richmond Region.
The Outpatience
The Outpatience was an American hard rock group formed in California by the guitarist West Arkeen, who is best known for co-writing several Guns N' Roses songs, in 1995. The band released one album, Anxious Disease in 1996, but soon disbanded following Arkeen's death on May 30, 1997, in Los Angeles as a result of a drug overdose.

Drug overdose
A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended. Typically the term is applied for cases when a risk to health is a potential result. An overdose may result in a toxic state or death.
Mykhailo-Kotsiubynske settlement hromada
Mykhailo-Kotsiubynske settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Михайло-Коцюбинська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Chernihiv Raion, Chernihiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Mykhailo-Kotsiubynske.

It has an area of 781.0 square kilometres (301.5 mi2) and a population of 12,487, as of 2020.

Chernihiv Oblast
Chernihiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Чернігівська область, romanized: Chernihivska oblast), also referred to as Chernihivshchyna (Ukrainian: Чернігівщина), is an oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Chernihiv. There are 1,511 settlements in the oblast, with a total population of 959,315 (2022 estimate).
Hungarian Mortgage Credit Bank
The Hungarian Mortgage Credit Bank (Hungarian: Magyar Jelzálog-Hitelbank, occasionally referred to simply as "Mortgage Bank") was a significant Hungarian bank, founded in 1869 in Budapest. By 1913 it was the third-largest bank in the country by total assets, behind the Hungarian Commercial Bank of Pest and the First National Savings Bank of Pest.: 219  It was nationalized in 1947–1949, together with the rest of the Hungarian banking sector.

In 1881, it received further investment from a group of investors formed by Vienna's Unionbank and France's Société Générale and Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas. The bank was long led by Hungarian statesman Kálmán Széll.: 219

The Mortgage Bank remained among the country's leading banks during the interwar period.: 192  Its chairman and CEO from 1918 to 1925 was Gyula Madarassy-Beck. Its managing director from 1937 to 1944 was Imre Oltványi, who would become governor of the Hungarian National Bank in the immediate postwar era.

Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas
The Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (French pronunciation: [bɑ̃k də paʁi e de pei ba], lit. 'Bank of Paris and the Netherlands'), generally referred to from 1982 as Paribas (French pronunciation: [paʁiba]), was a French investment bank based in Paris. In May 2000, it merged with the Banque Nationale de Paris to form BNP Paribas.
Under the Tree (SiM song)
"Under the Tree" (stylized in all caps) is a single created by the Japanese band SiM and released by Pony Canyon. It serves as the ending theme for the anime television special Attack on Titan: The Final Chapters Part 1, which aired on NHK General TV on March 4, 2023.

Pony Canyon
Pony Canyon Inc. (株式会社ポニーキャニオン, Kabushiki gaisha Ponī Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (ぽにきゃん, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which distributes music, films, home video, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.

Pony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Taiwan and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.
Rowdy Fellow
Rowdy Fellow  is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language political action comedy film, written and directed by Krishna Chaitanya and produced by T. Prakash Reddy under his banner Moviemills, and presented by Cinema 5. This hybrid genre film stars Nara Rohit and Vishakha Singh in the lead roles, while Rao Ramesh, Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao, Posani Krishna Murali, Supreeth, Praveen, Ahuti Prasad, and Madhunandan, among others, play supporting roles. Sunny has composed music for the film. The film was later dubbed into Hindi as Mard The Khiladi and released by Aditya Movies in 2018.

Supreeth Reddy
Supreeth Reddy is an Indian actor who primarily acts in Telugu-language films. He is known for his roles in films like Chatrapathi and Maryada Ramanna. He played villain and supporting roles.

He also acted in the Hindi film Rowdy Rathore, a remake of the Telugu film Vikramarkudu. He also played one of the baddies in Aamir Khan's Ghajini.
David Bahati
David Bahati is a Ugandan accountant and politician. He is the Minister of State for Trade, Industry and Cooperatives (Industry) in the Cabinet of Uganda. He was appointed to that position in a cabinet reshuffle on 9 June 2021. He was previously the Minister of State for Finance, Planning and Economic Development (Planning)  replacing Matia Kasaija. He is a member of the National Resistance Movement (NRM), the ruling party and is the Chairperson NRM Kabale District. He is a Member of Parliament for Ndorwa County West Constituency, Kabale District, in the Parliament of Uganda. He is chief of the Scout Board of Uganda. He is the Chairperson of the Uganda National Prayer Breakfast Fellowship.

The Uganda Scouts Association
The Uganda Scouts Association is the national Scouting organization of Uganda. The Association became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1964. It serves 3 million Scout members (as of 2022).
Gliese 806
Gliese 806 is a star in the northern constellation of Cygnus, located about a degree to the southeast of the bright star Deneb. It is invisible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +10.79. The star is located at a distance of 39.3 light years from the Sun based on stellar parallax. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −24.6 km/s, and is predicted to come to within 30.1 light-years in ~198,600 years. The star hosts two known planetary companions.

The stellar classification of Gliese 806 is dM1.5, which indicates this is a small red dwarf star – an M-type main-sequence star that is generating energy through core hydrogen fusion. It is roughly three billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 0.46 km/s. The star has 42% of the mass and radius of the Sun. It is radiating 0.3% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,586 K.

Stellar core
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the temperature and pressure conditions allow for energy production through thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This energy in turn counterbalances the mass of the star pressing inward; a process that self-maintains the conditions in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 107 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space.
Ruska Roma
The Ruska Roma (Руска Рома), also known as North Russian Gypsies (севернорусские цыгане) or Khaladytka Roma (Халадытка Рома; lit. 'Roma Soldiers'), are the largest subgroup of Romani people in Russia and Belarus, with smaller remnants of the group living in Ukraine, Latvia, Poland, the United States, France, and Canada. They formed in the Northwestern part of the Russian Empire from the Polska Roma who immigrated to the country in the 18th century.

Ruska Roma are divided into territorial subgroups, whose names come from the locality. For example, Pskovska Roma (from Pskov), Smolyaki (from Smolensk), Siberyaki (Siberian), Zabaykaltsi (Transbaikalian) and Bobri (beavers). Furthermore, Ruska Roma are related to Belaruska Roma: they have a common origin and were traditionally called Chaładytka Roma.

The Ruska Romani language contains Russian, Polish, and German lexicon, as well as some Russian and Ukrainian grammar. Most Ruska Roma are Orthodox Christians.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1972–1974
This is a list of members of the Australian House of Representatives from 1972 to 1974. At the 2 December 1972 election, all 125 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election. The Liberal Party of Australia had been in power since 1949, under Prime Minister of Australia William McMahon since March 1971 with coalition partner the Country Party led by Doug Anthony, but were defeated by the Australian Labor Party led by Gough Whitlam.

1 Liberal member Nigel Bowen resigned on 11 July 1973; Liberal candidate Philip Ruddock won the resulting by-election on 22 September 1973.

Nigel Bowen
Sir Nigel Hubert Bowen, AC, KBE (26 May 1911 – 27 September 1994) was an Australian lawyer, politician and judge. He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1964 to 1973, representing the New South Wales seat of Parramatta. He held senior ministerial office in multiple Coalition governments, serving as Attorney-General (1966–1969, 1971), Minister for Education and Science (1969–1971), and Minister for Foreign Affairs (1971–1972). After the Coalition lost the 1972 election he was an unsuccessful candidate to replace William McMahon as Liberal leader, losing to Billy Snedden by a single vote. After leaving politics he served as the inaugural chief justice of the Federal Court of Australia (1976–1990).
John Hildesley
John Hildesley (c. 1598 – 20 January 1681) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  at various times between 1653 and 1660.

In 1653, Hildesley was nominated to represent Hampshire in the Barebones Parliament . He was elected Member of Parliament for Winchester in the First Protectorate Parliament, and was re-elected MP for Winchester in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament and in 1659 for the Third Protectorate Parliament.

In 1660, Hildesley was elected Member of Parliament for Christchurch in the Convention Parliament.

Hildesley married Margaret Tulse, widow  of Henry Tulse of Hinton Admiral. He was stepfather to  Henry Tulse who was MP for Christchurch with him in 1660.

Second Protectorate Parliament
The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons. In its first session, the House of Commons was its only chamber; in the second session an Other House with a power of veto over the decisions of the Commons was added.
Paul Lilburne
Paul Robert Lilburne (born 11 February 1973) is an Australian politician from the Labor Party. He was elected a member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly for the electoral district of Carine at the 2021 Western Australian state election, and was defeated by Liberal candidate Liam Staltari at the 2025 election.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
Pseudophlegethontia
Pseudophlegethontia is an extinct genus of aïstopod tetrapodomorphs. It is the only member of the family Pseudophlegethontiidae. The only species is the type species P. turnbullorum, named in 2003. Fossils of Pseudophlegethontia have been found from the Mazon Creek fossil beds in Grundy County, Illinois, a conservation lagerstätte well known for the exceptional preservation of middle Pennsylvanian taxa.

Pseudophlegethontia has been considered to be morphologically intermediate between derived phlegethontiids and more basal "ophiderpetontids" such as Ophiderpeton. It possesses basal characters such as a relatively short body, "k shaped" ribs, and distinctive skull roof bones while also possessing several more derived features such as a pointed snout, thin gastralia, and a lack of dorsal osteoderms. It is usually, but not unanimously, placed as the sister taxon to phlegethontiids, represented by Phlegethontia.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Alizadeh
Alizadeh (Azerbaijani: Əlizadə; Persian: علیزاده, romanized: 'alizâde) is a surname built from Ali (name) and the Persian suffix zada. Notable people with the surname include:

Agshin Alizadeh, Azerbaijani composer

Ali Alizadeh, Iranian footballer

Firangiz Alizadeh, Azerbaijani composer

Ghazaleh Alizadeh, Iranian writer

Hossein Alizadeh, Iranian musician

Javad Alizadeh, Iranian cartoonist

Kimia Alizadeh, Iranian Taekwondo athlete

Safura Alizadeh, Azeri musician

Sevda Alizadeh, Iranian singer known as Sevdaliza

Sonita Alizadeh, Afghan rapper and activist

Ghazaleh Alizadeh
Ghazaleh Alizadeh (Persian: غزاله علیزاده listenⓘ; 15 February 1949 – 12 May 1996) (née Fatemeh Alizadeh) was an Iranian poet and writer. Her mother, Monirosadat Seyedi, shared her literary talents as both a poet and writer. Alizadeh was married twice, and with her husband Bijan Elahi, she had a daughter named Salma. Additionally, she adopted two girls who had survived the 1961 Qazvin earthquake.
Cwm Taf Fechan Woodlands
Cwm Taf Fechan Woodlands is a Site of Special Scientific Interest on the northern outskirts of Merthyr Tydfil, in south Wales. It has semi-natural broadleaved woodland, with a variety of plants, some of which are rare. The 60.9 hectares (150 acres) site under protection is dominated by oak, ash, downy birch, and hazel and hawthorn. The Taf Fechan river flows nearby.

River Taff
The River Taff (Welsh: Afon Taf) is a river in Wales. It rises in the Brecon Beacons as two rivers, the Taf Fechan ("little Taff") and the Taf Fawr ("great Taff") before becoming one just north of Merthyr Tydfil. At Cardiff, it empties into the Bristol Channel.

The river supports several species of migratory fish, including salmon, sewins (sea trout), and eels.
Angomlon Laihui
The Angomlon Laihui (ꯑꯉꯣꯝꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯨꯏ) is a classical Meitei language historical chronicle of the kings of the Angom clan. It follows the style of two earlier Meitei royal chronicles: the Ningthourol Lambuba and the Moirang Ningthourol Lambuba. The Angomlon Laihui records the lives and achievements of the Angom kings. At the end of each king's story, the name of his mother is also mentioned.

Ningthourol Lambuba
The Ningthourol Lambuba (Meitei: ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯝꯕꯨꯕ) is an ancient historical document (puya), about the reign of the Meitei kings of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak).

It is a long roll of the monarchs with the activities of the kings of Manipur.
The scripture contains 348 pages. It supplemented the Cheitharol Kumbaba, the state chronicle of the kingdom.

It records that Nongda Lairen Pakhangba was the first historical Meitei king of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak).