hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rohtas Fort
Rohtas Fort (Punjabi: روہتاس قلعہ, romanized: Rohtās Qillā; Urdu: قلعہِ روہتاس, romanized: Qilā-e-Rohtās) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Dina in Jhelum district of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Commissioned by Sur emperor Sher Shah Suri, its construction was supervised by Raja Todar Mal and is now one of the largest and most formidable forts in Punjab.

The fort remains remarkably intact and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. UNESCO called it an "exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia." Over one-third of the fortress area is occupied by the Rohtas village, inhabited continuously since the times of Islam Shah Suri, making Rohtas one of the few living forts in the world.

Machicolation
In architecture, a machicolation (French: mâchicoulis) is an opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement through which defenders can target attackers who have reached the base of the defensive wall. A smaller related structure that only protects key points of a fortification is referred to as a bretèche. Machicolation, hoarding, bretèches, and murder holes are all similar defensive features serving the same purpose: to enable defenders atop a defensive structure to target attackers below. The primary benefit of the design is to allow defenders to remain behind cover rather than being exposed when leaning over the parapet. They were common in defensive fortifications until the widespread adoption of gunpowder weapons made them obsolete.
Oslac of York
Oslac ealdorman (or earl) of York from around 963 to 975. His territory included but may not have been limited to the southern half of Northumbria. His background is obscure because of poor source documentation. The latter has facilitated disagreement amongst historians regarding his family and ethnicity.

He may have been an ealdorman of southern—as opposed to a united—Northumbria, though an alternative tradition puts the division of Northumbria into two ealdormanries after his death. Little is known of his career as ealdorman, except for a legend that he escorted the Scottish king Kenneth II to the English royal court, and that he was expelled from England in 975. His life is unattested after this. He had one known son, but it is not clear if that son ever succeeded him.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
Anna Kareninová
Anna Kareninová, formerly Fureková, (born 28 March 1954 in Prague) is a Czech translator from English, French and Italian.

She translated all the Louis-Ferdinand Céline novels into Czech, as well as the complete Cantos by Ezra Pound. She also translated works by Guillaume Apollinaire, René Char, Annie Girardot, Michel de Ghelderode, Nathalie Sarraute and several books by Marguerite Duras. She also translates Milan Kundera's French-language novels into Czech, his native language. In 2019, she received the Czech State Award for Translation for her body of work.

From 1991 to 1996, she was the editor-in-chief of Světová literatura.

She was married to poet Petr Kabeš.

In 2021, she was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

Czech State Award for Translation
The Czech State Award for Translation (Czech: Státní cena za překladatelské dílo) is an award given by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. The Czech State Award for Translation is awarded for the  translation of a literary work from a foreign language into Czech. The prize consists of a certificate and 300,000 Czech koruna. It is awarded each year on October 28, along with the Czech State Award for Literature.
Marianthus granulatus
Marianthus granulatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae and is endemic to a restricted part of the southwest of Western Australia. It is a twining shrub or climber with often clustered, egg-shaped to heart-shaped leaves and pale blue flowers with darker blue spots and yellow streaks, arranged in groups of three to five.

Pittosporaceae
Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. The type genus is Pittosporum Banks ex Gaertn.
Ken Smale
Ken Smale (born 5 November 1933) is a former Australian rules footballer, who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Born in Warrnacknabeal Smale played as a forward for the town team and he won the Wimmera Football League goalkicking award in 1952 and 1953. Footscray were very interested in Smale in 1953, but he was keen to have a go in the VFL he wrote to Collingwood asking for a try out. He spent the Easter Saturday in Melbourne with a six-game permit in case he was wanted. Collingwood was impressed and he finally got a clearance from Warracknabeal Football Club.

Ken Smale was a forward player in the losing Grand Finals against Melbourne in 1955 and 1956 but he was on the bench when Collingwood won the 1958 VFL Grand Final.

Smale left Collingwood after the premiership win to return to his hometown of Warracknabeal, finishing with 324 games for the club, and winning two premierships in 1953 and 1966.

In 2008 Collingwood granted him a life membership.

1958 VFL grand final
The 1958 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1958. It was the 61st annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1958 VFL season. The match, attended by 97,956 spectators, was won by Collingwood by 18 points, marking that club's 13th premiership victory, and the game has been dubbed The Miracle of '58.

It was Melbourne's fifth successive grand final appearance. The Demons had won the previous three premierships and were looking to equal Collingwood's 1927–1930 record (which still stands) of four consecutive premierships. Collingwood would not win another Grand Final until 1990, despite numerous appearances.
Mr. Nepal
Mr. Nepal is a male beauty pageant held in Nepal. Founded in 2001, it is currently organized by Next Models Nepal a Kathmandu-based modeling agency.

The winner of Mr. Nepal World 2024 is Santosh Lokshum of Jhapa; Mr. Global Nepal is Yogesh Shrestha of Dhanusha; and Man of the World Nepal is Aayush Dulal Kavre, who was crowned on August 24, 2024 in Kathmandu.

Kavrepalanchok District
Kavrepalanchok District (Nepali: काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला; IAST: Kābhrepalāñcok pronounced [kabʱrepʌˈlant͡sok] ⓘ) also known as Kavre is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhulikhel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,396 km2 (539 sq mi). It is a part of Bagmati Province and has a population of 364,039.

Nepal's Information Technology Park is also located in this district.
Tahmoures Pournazeri
Tahmoures Pournazeri (Persian: تهمورس پورناظری; born 8 February 1977) is an Iranian multi-instrumentalist and Iranian traditional musician. He is a member of Shamss Ensemble since 1989, along with his father Kaykhosro Pournazeri and his brother Sohrab pournazeri.

He has been acclaimed by the U.S. Senate for composing music for the International Norooz Celebration, and collaborated with artists like Joan Baez, Shujaat Hussain Khan, and the great master Mohammad Reza Shajarian. He has composed for fifteen albums covering six genres of music, participated in the Avignon Festival at the age of 15, won first honors among Young Iranian Talents at age 14, and performed with the Shams Ensemble at Iran's most celebrated concert halls starting at age 12.

Persian traditional music
Persian traditional music or Iranian  traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (historically known as Persia). It consists of characteristics developed through the country's classical, medieval, and contemporary eras. It also influenced areas and regions that are considered part of Greater Iran.

Due to the exchange of musical science throughout history, many of Iran's classical modes are related to those of its neighboring cultures.

Iran's classical art music continues to function as a spiritual tool, as it has throughout history, and much less of a recreational activity. It belongs, for the most part, to the social elite, as opposed to the folkloric and popular music, in which the society as a whole participates. However, components of Iran's classical music have also been incorporated into folk and pop music compositions.
Mono-N-protected amino acids
Mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) is a bifunctional ligand that plays a key role in C–H functionalizations by accelerating the reaction rate and imparting specified chirality into the product. Amino acids are ideal building blocks for chiral ligand synthesis due to the cost, accessibility, large variety, solubility, and inherent chirality. Naturally occurring amino acids are transformed into chiral MPAA ligands that, upon coordination to metal complexes, allow reactions to occur that are otherwise energetically unfavorable. Great strides in the development of MPAA ligands over the past two decades have led to the integral role that enantioselective catalysis now plays in complex organic synthesis.

Cross-coupling reaction
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:

R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryl;
M = main group center such as Li or Mg;
X = halide

These reactions are used to form carbon–carbon bonds but also carbon-heteroatom bonds.  Cross-coupling reaction are a subset of coupling reactions.

Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
Batter (walls)
In architecture, batter is the receding slope of a wall, structure, or earthwork, the opposite of an overhang.  When used in fortifications it may be called a talus.

A battered corner is an architectural feature using batters. A batter is sometimes used to reinforce the stability of foundations, retaining walls, dry stone walls, dams, lighthouses, and fortifications.  Other terms that may be used to describe battered walls are "inclined”, “tapered" and "flared".

Battering allows for a wide stable base and both more economic use of material through tapering and a proportional minimalization of the wall’s foundation. The batter angle is typically described either as a ratio of the offset and height or a degree angle. The amount of allowable batter is dependent on the building materials and application. For example, typical dry-stone retaining walls step back 1 foot for every 6 feet of rise, a 1:6 ratio, or just under 9.5°.

Battered corner
The battered corner is an architectural detail in some buildings.

Old Dutch Church (Kingston, New York) and Upper Sandy Guard Station Cabin are two U.S. National Register-listed places that have them.
Christopher Johnston, Lord Sands
Christopher Nicholson Johnston, Lord Sands FRSE (18 October 1857 – 26 February 1934) was a Senator of the College of Justice in Scotland and Unionist Party (Scotland) MP for the Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities constituency between two by-elections in 1916 and 1917. He was an expert on Church Law and represented the Church of Scotland on many occasions.

Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities
Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities was a university constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until 1918. It was merged with the Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities constituency to form the Combined Scottish Universities constituency.
Maicol Berretti
Maicol Berretti (born 1 May 1989) is a former Sammarinese footballer who last played as a midfielder for Pennarossa.

Berretti made his senior national team debut on 21 November 2007, in an UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier match against Slovakia.

SS Pennarossa
Società Sportiva Pennarossa is a Sanmarinese football club, based in Chiesanuova. The club was founded in 1968. Pennarossa currently plays in Girone A of Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team's colors are red and white.
Pyinmana
Pyinmana (Burmese: ပျဉ်းမနားမြို့, MLCTS: pyanymana: mrui., pronounced [pjɪ́ɰ̃məná mjo̰]; population: 100,000 (2006 estimate)) is a logging town and sugarcane refinery center in the Naypyidaw Union Territory of Myanmar. The administrative capital of Myanmar was officially moved to a militarized greenfield site (which the leader, Than Shwe, dubbed Naypyidaw, or Royal City) two miles (3.2 km) west of Pyinmana on November 6, 2005. As of 2014, the city has an urban population of 72,010.

During World War II, Pyinmana was the base of the Burma Independence Army (later renamed and reorganized into the Burma Defence Army by the Japanese).

Naypyidaw Union Territory
The Union Territory (Nay Pyi Taw) (Burmese: ပြည်‌ထောင်စုနယ်မြေ (နေပြည်တော်)), also called Nay Pyi Taw Council Territory (နေပြည်တော်ကောင်စီနယ်မြေ) (Nay Pyi Taw also spelled Nay Pyitaw, Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Daw) is an administrative division in central Myanmar (Burma). It contains Naypyidaw, the capital city of Myanmar.
BAE Systems Mantis
The BAE Systems Mantis Unmanned Autonomous System Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrator is a British demonstrator programme for Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) technology.  The Mantis is a twin-engine, turboprop-powered UCAV with a wingspan of approximately 22 m, broadly comparable to the MQ-9 Reaper. Other partners involved in Phase 1 of the Mantis programme include the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom), Rolls-Royce, QinetiQ, GE Aviation, L-3 Wescam, Meggitt and Lola.

Meggitt
Parker Meggitt (legally Meggitt Ltd) is a British international company specialising in components and sub-systems for the aerospace, defence and selected energy markets. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index until it was acquired by Parker Hannifin in September 2022.
Charles Robert Colvile
Charles Robert Colvile (30 March 1815 – 8 March 1886) was an English Peelite and Liberal politician who represented the constituency of South Derbyshire.

Colvile was the son of Sir Charles Colvile and his wife Harriet Anne Bonell.

Colvile became MP for Derbyshire South in 1841, supporting Sir Robert Peel and held the seat until 1859. He regained it as a Liberal in 1865 and held it until 1868. He lived at Lullington Hall and was High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1875.

Colvile married Katherine Sarah Georgina Russell, daughter of John Russell and Sophia Coussmaker. Their son Sir Henry Colvile became a major-general in the 2nd Boer War fighting at the Battle of Modder River.

Peelite
The Peelites were a breakaway political faction of the British Conservative Party from 1846 to 1859. Initially led by Robert Peel, the former Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader in 1846, the Peelites supported free trade whilst the bulk of the Conservative Party remained protectionist. The Peelites later merged with the Whigs and Radicals to form the Liberal Party in 1859.
Motor City Mustangs
The Detroit Motor City Mustangs were an American professional roller hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan, that played in Roller Hockey International. Their only season was in 1995, first game played against the Buffalo Stampede at The Aud in Buffalo, New York, on June 12. First home game was against the Minnesota Blue Ox on June 16.

Roller hockey
Roller hockey is a form of hockey played on a dry surface using wheeled skates. It can be played with traditional roller skates (quad skates) or with inline skates and use either a ball or puck. Combined, roller hockey is played in nearly 60 countries worldwide.

There are three major variants of organized roller hockey. Traditional "roller hockey" (also called rink hockey, quad hockey, and hardball hockey) is played using quad skates, curved/'cane' sticks, and a ball; it is a limited-contact sport. "Inline hockey" is played using inline skates, ice hockey sticks, and a puck; it is a full-contact sport though body checks are not allowed. Most professional hockey games take place on an indoor or outdoor sport court (a type of plastic interlinking tiles used to create a skating surface). Otherwise, any dry surface can be used to host a game, typically a roller rink, macadam (asphalt), or cement.
American Journal of Human Genetics
The American Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of human genetics. It was established in 1948 by the American Society of Human Genetics and covers all aspects of heredity in humans, including the application of genetics in medicine and public policy, as well as the related areas of molecular and cell biology. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 10.502. The journal is published by Cell Press an imprint of Elsevier. Bruce R. Korf became the editor-in-chief in the winter of 2017–2018.

Print circulation
Print circulation is the average number of copies of a publication. The number of copies of a non-periodical publication (such as a book) are usually called print run. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.
New Wave (competition)
New Wave (Russian: Новая волна, Novaya volna, Latvian: Jaunais Vilnis) is an international contest for young performers of popular music founded in 2002 by the Russian composer Igor Krutoy and Latvian pianist and composer Raimonds Pauls, and was later enhanced by the Russian superstar Alla Pugacheva. Along with Pugacheva, the headliners of the competition were Valery Leontyev, Patricia Kaas, Toto Cutugno, Lou Bega, Craig David and Svetlana Loboda. Since 2016, Pugacheva has not participated in the organization of the competition.

The contest usually lasts for six days: 3 contest days, 2 special event days and, at the end, the day when the contest's results are announced followed by an ending concert.

Toto Cutugno
Salvatore "Toto" Cutugno (Italian: [ˈtɔːto kuˈtuɲɲo]; 7 July 1943 – 22 August 2023) was an Italian pop singer-songwriter, musician, and television presenter. He was best known for his worldwide hit song, "L'Italiano", released on his 1983 album of the same title. Cutugno also won the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 held in Zagreb, SFR Yugoslavia, with the song "Insieme: 1992", for which he wrote both the lyrics and music.  He has been described as "one of the most popular singers in Italy and a symbol of Italian melody abroad", as well as "one of the most popular Italian performers on a global scale" and "one of the most successful Italian songwriters of all time", selling over 100 million records worldwide.
Nestor the Chronicler
Nestor the Chronicler, or Nestor the Hagiographer, (Church Slavonic: Нестор Летописец, romanized: Nestor Letopisec; c. 1056 – c. 1114) was a monk from  Kievan Rus' who is known to have written two hagiographies: the Life of the Venerable Theodosius of the Kiev Caves and the Account about the Life and Martyrdom of the Blessed Passion Bearers Boris and Gleb.

Traditional historiography has also attributed to Nestor the Primary Chronicle (PVL), the most revered chronicle of Kievan Rus', which earned him the nickname "the Chronicler," though many modern scholars doubt this authorship. Given this controversy, some scholars refer to Nestor as "the Hagiographer," to identify him with the two hagiographies he did author.

Donald Ostrowski
Donald "Don" Gary Ostrowski (born 1945) is an American historian, and a lecturer in history at Harvard Extension School. He specialises in the political and social history Kievan Rus' and Muscovy (early modern Russia).
2012 Seattle Seahawks season
The 2012 season was the Seattle Seahawks' 37th in the National Football League (NFL) and their third under head coach Pete Carroll. The Seahawks had a three-way quarterback competition with Tarvaris Jackson, Matt Flynn and rookie Russell Wilson. Jackson was traded to the Bills, and Wilson won the job.

The Seahawks finished 11–5, an improvement from a 7–9 record in 2011, and it marked the Seahawks' first winning season since 2007. The team was 4–0 during the preseason. Their 11 victories was the third best in franchise history. The Seahawks went undefeated at home for the third time in franchise history, after 2003 and 2005. Additionally, with their victory over the Washington Redskins at FedExField in the wild-card round, the Seahawks won their first road playoff game since 1983. However, despite holding a lead with just 30 seconds left in regulation, the Seahawks lost to the Atlanta Falcons in the Divisional round by a score of 30–28.

2003 Seattle Seahawks season
The 2003 Seattle Seahawks season was the franchise's 28th season in the National Football League (NFL), the second season in Seahawks Stadium and the 5th under head coach Mike Holmgren.  After going 31–33 in his first four years as head coach, the Seahawks went undefeated at home for the first time in franchise history and improved to 10–6, thus making the NFC playoffs as a wild card team, the first of fifteen playoff appearances over the next twenty seasons, and their first playoff berth since 1999. However, the team fell 33–27 to the Green Bay Packers in the opening round due to an interception returned for a touchdown by Green Bay's Al Harris in overtime. Following the season, Hall of Fame defensive tackle John Randle retired after 14 seasons.