hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
T-glottalization
In English phonology, t-glottalization (also t-glotallisation) or t-glottalling is a sound change in certain English dialects and accents, particularly in the United Kingdom, that causes the phoneme /t/ to be pronounced as the glottal stop [ʔ] ⓘ in certain positions. It is never universal, especially in careful speech, and it most often alternates with other allophones of /t/ such as [t]ⓘ, [tʰ], [tⁿ] (before a nasal), [tˡ] (before a lateral), or [ɾ].

As a sound change, it is a subtype of debuccalization. The pronunciation that it results in is called glottalization. Apparently, glottal reinforcement, which is quite common in English, is a stage preceding full replacement of the stop, and indeed, reinforcement and replacement can be in free variation.

Free variation
In linguistics, free variation is the phenomenon of two (or more) sounds or forms appearing in the same environment without a change in meaning and without being considered incorrect by native speakers.

Sociolinguists argue that describing such variation as "free" is very often a misnomer, since variation between linguistic forms is usually constrained probabilistically by a range of systematic social and linguistic factors, not unconstrained as the term "free variation" suggests. The term remains in use, however, in studies focused primarily on language as systems (e.g. phonology, morphology, syntax).
1870 West Surrey by-election
The 1870 West Surrey by-election was fought on 8 September 1870.  The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP John Ivatt Briscoe.  It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Lee Steere.  It was retained by the Conservatives in the 1874 general election.

West Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)
West Surrey (formally the Western division of Surrey) was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Surrey, which returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the bloc vote system.

It was created under the Great Reform Act for the 1832 general election, and abolished for the 1885 general election.
Guido Vedovato
Guido Vedovato (30 June 1961 in Vicenza, Italy) Italian naïve painter and sculptor.

Vedovato is one of the best-known Naïve artists. He was born in Vicenza, northern part of Italy. He lives and works in Camisano Vicentino. He graduated as an economist and had no artist scholar background. Yugoslavian Naïve art had a big effect on his works. It made him to start painting at the end of the 1970s. At the beginning it was one of his hobbies however later it became his passion.

He wants to depict short stories in his paintings. We may have a look at the life of the modern villages in the Italian chains of the Alps. Some of his well-known paints depicts animals in the night, but—as he said, he preferred to paint humans.

Jagodina
Jagodina (Serbian Cyrillic: Јагодина, pronounced [jâɡodina] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Pomoravlje District in central Serbia. It is situated on the banks of the Belica River, in the geographical region of Šumadija. The city itself has a population of 34,892 inhabitants, while its administrative area comprises 64,644 inhabitants.
Hollowell (surname)
Hollowell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alicia Hollowell (born 1984), American softball player

Barry Hollowell (1948–2016), Canadian Anglican bishop

Bud Hollowell (born 1943), American baseball player and writer

Donald L. Hollowell (1917–2004), American lawyer

Fred S. Hollowell (1883–1960), New York politician

Gavin Hollowell (born 1997), American baseball player

James Hollowell (1823–1876), English soldier and Victoria Cross recipient

Matt Hollowell (born 1971), American baseball umpire

Terri Hollowell (born 1956), American singer

T. J. Hollowell (Thomas Anthony Hollowell, born 1981), American football player

T. J. Hollowell
Thomas Anthony Hollowell (born April 8, 1981) is the current coach for defensive ends at Wake Forest. He was also the defensive ends and outside linebackers for the Coastal Carolina Chanticleers, the linebackers coach for the Youngstown State Penguins under head coach Bo Pelini and before that a graduate assistant coach for the Nebraska Cornhuskers.

Hollowell entered the National Football League in 2004, signing as an undrafted free agent with the New York Giants. He played on special teams for four games with the Giants his rookie season. In 2005, he saw time on the active roster of the New York Jets and the practice rosters of the Giants and the Chicago Bears. He attended Denver Broncos' training camps in 2006 and 2007. He signed with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League on November 16, 2007.
Shall We?
"Shall We?" (Korean: 우리 어떻게 할까요?; RR: uli eotteohge halkkayo?; lit. What Shall We Do?) is a song recorded by South Korean singer and songwriter Chen. It was released as the title track of Chen's second extended play Dear My Dear on October 1, 2019.

Kenzie (songwriter)
Kim Yeon-jung (Korean: 김연정; born February 3, 1976), known professionally as Kenzie, is a South Korean songwriter and record producer  signed under SM Entertainment. She has written and produced songs for SM artists such as BoA, Isak N Jiyeon, Super Junior, The Grace, TVXQ, Girls' Generation, Shinee, f(x), Exo, Red Velvet, SuperM, Aespa, NCT, Riize and Hearts2Hearts, as well as non-SM artists such as Twice, CIX, BAE173, The Boyz, Zerobaseone and TWS.
Field of Honor (2015)
Field of Honor '15 was a professional wrestling event produced by Ring of Honor (ROH), which took place on August 22, 2015 at the MCU Park in Brooklyn, New York. Field of Honor '15 will be on ROH Wrestling.com's Home Page in the Video on Demand Section.

Kyle O'Reilly
Kyle Richard Thomas Greenwood (born March 1, 1987), better known by his ring name Kyle O'Reilly, is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is a member of The Paragon and The Conglomeration. He is also known for working in Ring of Honor (ROH) from 2009 to 2017, and WWE (where he performed on their NXT brand) from 2017 to 2021, using the same ring name in both companies. He is a three-time NXT Tag Team Champion, and was a founding member of The Undisputed Era.

He also worked for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and competed for several independent professional wrestling promotion, most notably Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). In ROH, he is a one-time ROH World Champion and three-time ROH World Tag Team Champion alongside Bobby Fish as reDRagon. In PWG he is a one-time PWG World Champion and the winner of the promotion's 2013 Battle of Los Angeles. After his WWE contract expired, Greenwood signed with AEW in December 2021.
Trebnja Gorica
Trebnja Gorica (pronounced [ˈtɾeːbnja ɡɔˈɾiːtsa]; also called Trebna Gorica in older sources , German: Dreschenbüchel) is a small settlement near the source of the Krka River in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Ivančna Gorica
The Municipality of Ivančna Gorica (pronounced [iˈʋaːntʃna ɡɔˈɾiːtsa]; Slovene: Občina Ivančna Gorica) is a municipality in the traditional region of Lower Carniola in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Ivančna Gorica. Ivančna Gorica became a municipality in 1995.
Randall v. Orange County Council
Randall v. Orange County Council, 17 Cal.4th 736, 952 P.2d 261, 72 Cal.Rptr.2d 453 (1998), was a case before the Supreme Court of California that established that groups such as the Boy Scouts of America are not considered "business establishments" as used in the state's Unruh Civil Rights Act and could not be subject to its provisions. Its companion case was Curran v. Mount Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America, 17 Cal.4th 670, 952 P.2d 218, 72 Cal.Rptr.2d 410 (1998).

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
George W. Blair
George Warren Blair (August 24, 1921 – January 1, 2020) was an American politician in the state of South Dakota. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives. Blair was born in Sturgis, South Dakota and graduated from Sturgis High School in 1938. He was a United States Air Force veteran of World War II and a cattle rancher.

Sturgis, South Dakota
Sturgis is a city in Meade County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 7,020 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Meade County and is named after Samuel D. Sturgis, a Union general during the Civil War.

Sturgis is notable as the location of one of the largest annual motorcycle events in the world: the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, which lasts for 10 days beginning on the first Friday of August. It attracts large numbers of motorcycle enthusiasts from around the world. Sturgis is also noted for hosting WCW's Hog Wild/Road Wild events from 1996 to 1999.
Jamieson Line Border Crossing
Jamieson Line is a closed border crossing connecting Athelstan, Quebec to Burke, New York on the Canada–US border. Canada closed its port of entry on April 1, 2011, and tore down its border inspection station in 2012.  The US Customs and Border Protection closed its port of entry on August 21, 2014.

United States Customs and Border Protection
United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is the country's primary border control organization, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, as well as enforcing U.S. regulations, including trade, customs, and immigration. The CBP is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. It has a workforce of more than 45,600 federal agents and officers. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Arthur Cherep-Spiridovich
Major-General Count Arthur Cherep-Spiridovich (Russian: Артур Иванович Череп-Спиридович; 8 September 1866 – 22 October 1926) was a major-general in the Imperial Russian Navy and an anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist, who moved to the United States following the Bolshevik Revolution. He was a White Russian monarchist, and additionally he was heavily involved in Pan-Slavism, anti-Semitic activism, and various chivalric orders and cultural organizations, especially in the White Russian diaspora community in America. He is perhaps best known for authoring a book titled The Secret World Government, or, "The Hidden Hand" (1926), which presents his conspiracy theory that the world is being clandestinely governed by a group of 300 individuals of "Judeo-Mongol" ancestry.

Order of chivalry
An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is a society, fellowship and college of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Christian military orders of the Crusades (c. 1099–1291) and paired with medieval concepts of ideals of chivalry.

Since the 15th century, orders of chivalry, often as dynastic orders, began to be established in a more courtly fashion than could be created ad hoc. These orders would often retain the notion of being a confraternity, society or other association of members, but some of them were ultimately purely honorific and consisted of a medal decoration. In fact, these decorations themselves often came to be known informally as orders. These institutions in turn gave rise to the modern-day orders of merit of sovereign states.
Jan Kieniewicz
Jan Oskar Kieniewicz  (7 August 1938 – 27 May 2024) was a Polish historian, diplomat and humanities professor. He specialised in the history of India (particularly pre-colonisation) and European, Spanish and Polish history. He was a member of the Collegium Invisibile and the jury for the KLIO Award.

Collegium Invisibile
Collegium Invisibile is an academic society founded in 1995 in Warsaw that affiliates outstanding Polish students in the humanities and science with distinguished scholars in accordance with the idea of a liberal education. The association aims at offering young scholars the opportunity to participate in original research projects as well as exclusive individual master-student cooperation through the tutorial system based on methods used at the Oxbridge universities.

Collegium has its roots in the tradition of the eighteenth century Collegium Nobilium, an elite high school founded in 1740, one of the predecessors of the University of Warsaw.  Traditionally, the rector of the university is ex officio chairman of the science board of the Collegium.

Each year about twenty Polish students who have succeeded in passing a stringent admission procedure are granted membership of Collegium and thus receive an opportunity to follow an individually chosen path of academic study.
Cysteate synthase
Cysteate synthase (EC 2.5.1.76) is an enzyme with systematic name sulfite:O-phospho-L-serine sulfotransferase (phosphate-hydrolysing, L-cysteate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

O-phospho-L-serine + sulfite  L-cysteate + phosphate

This enzyme is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein.

Sulfite
Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (systematic name: sulfate(IV) ion), SO2−3. The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid (sulfurous acid) is elusive, its salts are widely used.

Sulfites are substances that naturally occur in some foods and the human body. They are also used as regulated food additives. When in food or drink, sulfites are often lumped together with sulfur dioxide.
Alliance Municipal Airport
Alliance Municipal Airport (IATA: AIA, ICAO: KAIA, FAA LID: AIA) is in Box Butte County, Nebraska, three miles southeast of the city of Alliance, which owns it. Denver Air Connection offers scheduled passenger flights to Denver, which are subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility (the commercial service category requires 2,500 enplanements per year).

Box Butte County, Nebraska
Box Butte County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 10,842. Its county seat is Alliance. The county was formed in 1886; it took its name from a large box-shaped butte north of Alliance. In the Nebraska license plate system, Box Butte County is represented by the prefix 65 (it had the sixty–fifth largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Israel Miller
Israel Miller (1866 – August 13, 1929) was a shoe manufacturer and merchant based in New York. His company I. Miller was the leading importer and maker of women's stilettos in the United States, with 200 retail locations around the country carrying a variety of designers. Miller was also a founder and director of the Broadway National Bank of New York.

Stiletto heel
A stiletto heel, or just stiletto, is a shoe with a long, thin, high heel. It is named after the stiletto dagger.

Stiletto heels may vary in length from 2.5 centimetres (1 inch) to 25 cm (10 inches) or more if a platform sole is used, and are sometimes defined as having a diameter at the ground of less than 1 cm (slightly less than half an inch). Stiletto-style heels 5 cm (2.0 in) or shorter are called kitten heels.
Kilbey
Kilbey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cara Kilbey (born 1987), English television personality and sister of Tom Kilbey

Steve Kilbey (born 1954), English-Australian singer-songwriter and bass guitarist

Tom Kilbey (born 1990), English footballer and television personality

Tom Kilbey
Thomas Charles Kilbey (born 19 October 1990) is an English television personality. He used to play as a professional footballer for Portsmouth F.C. Tom Kilbey grew up in East London and went to Forest School.
2002 African Badminton Championships
The 2002 African Badminton Championships were the continental badminton championships to crown the best players and teams across Africa. The tournament was held at the Mohammed V Indoor Sport Complex in Casablanca, Morocco, from 15 to 21 July 2002.

In the team event, South Africa defeated Nigeria in the final while Mauritius defeated Seychelles in the third place play-off. Seychelles also won their first ever gold medal at the championships with Juliette Ah-Wan winning the women's singles title.

Juliette Ah-Wan
Juliette Chantal Ah-Wan (born 29 April 1981) is a badminton player from Seychelles. Born in Victoria, Seychelles, Ah-Wan debuted in 1995 at the age of 14. In 2007, she awarded as Sportslady of the Year. Ah-Wan has competed in some international tournament, including 2008 Summer Olympics, and Commonwealth Games from 2002–2018.
King of the Zombies
King of the Zombies is a 1941 American zombie comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring Dick Purcell, Joan Woodbury, and Mantan Moreland. The film was produced by Monogram Pictures, and was typical of its B films produced by the Pine-Thomas team. Along with flying scenes, the use of zany characters and slapstick efforts were juxtaposed with a spy and zombie story.

In the film, a transport aircraft crash-lands on a remote island during a storm. The passengers take refuge in a local mansion, and discover that the owner controls zombies through use of voodoo. The role of the villainous Dr. Miklos Sangre was intended for Bela Lugosi, who was unavailable. The first choice to replace him was Peter Lorre, but negotiations with him failed. Henry Victor was then cast in the role.

Mantan Moreland
Mantan Moreland (September 3, 1902 – September 28, 1973) was an American actor and comedian most popular in the 1930s and 1940s. He starred in numerous films. His daughter Marcella Moreland appeared as a child actor in several films.
Parathanam
Parathanam is a town at the base of Western Ghats mountain ranges in the Kottayam district, Kerala. It is 2,000 feet (610 m) above sea level and is situated on the eastern border of Kottayam District, 60 km from Kottayam, 12 km away from Poonjar and around 8 km away from Mundakayam on the NH 220 (Kottayam–Kumily Road). FHC Parathanam is the oldest Government Medical Centre here.

Kumily
Kumily, also spelt as Kumaly (Malayalam: [kumɐɭi]) is a revenue village and Gram Panchayat in the Idukki district of the state of Kerala. It is a town in Cardamom Hills near Thekkady and Periyar Tiger Reserve and a well frequented tourist destination. Kumily is a border town of Kerala adjacent to Tamil Nadu.
2025 Pune Challenger – Doubles
Tristan Schoolkate and Adam Walton were the defending champions but only Schoolkate chose to defend his title, partnering Blake Ellis. They lost in the quarterfinals to Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha and Courtney John Lock.

Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan and Vijay Sundar Prashanth won the title after defeating Blake Bayldon and Matthew Romios 3–6, 6–3, [10–0] in the final.

Adam Walton
Adam Walton (born 17 April 1999) is an Australian professional tennis player. Walton has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 74 achieved on 20 October 2025. He also has a career high doubles ranking of No. 134 achieved on 18 March 2024. He has won four singles and four doubles titles on the ATP Challenger Tour.
Hall Street Pier
The Hall Street Pier, sometimes referred to as the Nelson Pier, is a lake pier on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake in Nelson, British Columbia, Canada. It was officially opened to the public on September 14, 2024. The pier was designed by Matthew Stanley as a community gathering site that symbolizes the connection between the city and the lake. The pier includes a canopy, swimming area, recreational dock, and a large walking area. The canopy has a hybrid wood- and- steel design, and is intended to produce moiré lighting. The pier originally included the Ladybird speedboat, but it was removed in the August of 2024 due to temperature-control issues in the speedboat's shelter. The Ladybird, powered by a Liberty V-12 aircraft engine, won the 20-mile race of the Kootenay Lake Regatta 8 times.

Liberty L-12
The Liberty L-12 is an American water-cooled 45° V-12 engine, displacing 1,649 cubic inches (27 L) and making 400 hp (300 kW), designed for a high power-to-weight ratio and ease of mass production. It was designed principally as an aircraft engine and saw wide use in aero applications. It also saw marine use (both in racing and in runabout boats) once it was marinized; it was used in various military tanks; and in some race cars.

A single bank 6-cylinder version, the Liberty L-6, and V-8, the Liberty L-8, were derived from the Liberty L-12. It was succeeded by the Packard 1A-2500.
Podolsko Bridge
The Podolsko Bridge is an arch bridge that spans the Vltava between Podolsko and Temešvár in Písek District, Czech Republic. At the time of its completion in 1942, it was the longest arch bridge in Czechoslovakia. In May 1945 during World War II, elements of the U.S. 4th Armored Division took over the western end of the bridge and near by village of Temesvar, marking the farthest point the Western Allied Powers moved East on the Western Front.

Design was by the Ministry of Public Works. Experimental Stress Analysis photoelasticity was by Jaroslav Josef Polívka of the University of California.

After the Orlík Dam was completed in 1961, the Vltava rose 19 meters and covered part of the supports.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
Arnhem Velperpoort railway station
Arnhem Velperpoort is a railway station located in Arnhem, Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 October 1893, closed on 3 June 1918 and reopened on 5 January 1953. It is located on the Arnhem–Leeuwarden railway and the Oberhausen–Arnhem railway. The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen, Arriva and Breng. Previously, the name of the station was just Velperpoort (1893–1918).

Arnhem–Leeuwarden railway
The Arnhem–Leeuwarden railway is a railway line in the Netherlands running from Arnhem to Leeuwarden, passing through Deventer, Zwolle and Heerenveen. It is also called the Staatslijn A ("state line A") in Dutch. The part between Arnhem and Zwolle is sometimes called the IJssellijn ("IJssel line").
Woodrow M. Kroll
Woodrow Michael Kroll (born October 21, 1944) is an evangelical preacher and radio host. He was the president and Bible teacher for the international Back to the Bible radio and television ministry. He was president of Davis College (formerly Practical Bible College) in Johnson City, New York, United States.

In addition to preaching and teaching, Kroll is a prolific writer, having authored more than 50 books expounding on the Bible and Christian living.

Johnson City, New York
Johnson City is a village in Broome County, New York, United States. The population was 15,343 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The village of Johnson City is in the town of Union and is a part of the "Triple Cities" along with Endicott and Binghamton. Johnson City lies to the west of Binghamton on the eastern side of the town of Union.