hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peer-polity interaction
Peer-polity interaction is a concept in archaeological theory, developed by Colin Renfrew and John Cherry, to explain changes in society and material culture.

Peer-polity interaction models see the primary driver of change as the relationships and contacts between societies of relatively equal standing. According to the model set out by Renfrew, it encompasses three main sorts of interaction:

Competition, including warfare and competitive emulation.

Symbolic entrainment, where societies borrow symbolic systems wholesale from their neighbours, such as numerical systems, social structures and religious beliefs, because these fill a currently empty niche in their society.

Transmission of innovation, where technology spreads by trade, gift-giving, and other forms of exchange.

Colin Renfrew
Andrew Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, FBA, FSA, Hon FSA Scot (25 July 1937 – 24 November 2024) was a British archaeologist, paleolinguist and Conservative peer noted for his work on radiocarbon dating, the prehistory of languages, archaeogenetics, neuroarchaeology, and the prevention of looting at archaeological sites.

Renfrew was also the Disney Professor of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge and Director of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, and was a Senior Fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
Vangueria discolor
Vangueria discolor is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia. The epithet refers to the difference in colour between the upper and the lower part of the leaves, which is especially visible after drying.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
2013 Balkan Badminton Championships
The 2013 Balkan Badminton Championships (Bulgarian: балканско първенство по бадминтон 2013) was a badminton tournament sanctioned by the Balkan Badminton Association and Badminton Europe. The individual and mixed team events were held from 29 September to 1 October 2013.

The tournament was held at the Mladost Hall in Burgas, Bulgaria. Seven countries took part in the championships. In the team event, Bulgaria won gold by defeating Turkey 3–0 in the final.

Bulgaria topped the medal table in the individual events with five gold medals and six bronze medals. This was also the first time all-Romanian final was established in the men's doubles event since the first edition of the championships in 1992.

Turkey national badminton team
The Turkey national badminton team (Turkish: Türkiye milli badminton takımı) represents Turkey in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Turkish Badminton Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Badminton Federasyonu), the national organization for badminton in Turkey. The Turkey national team have never competed in the Thomas Cup and the Uber Cup.

Turkey have competed multiple times at the Sudirman Cup. The Turkey women's team had entered three consecutive quarterfinals at the European Women's Team Badminton Championships from 2016 to 2020.

In individual events, Turkey has won three bronze medals at the European Badminton Championships, most of them won by Neslihan Yiğit and Özge Bayrak. Neslihan and Özge also won Turkey's first badminton medal in the European Games.
İzzet Ünver
İzzet Ünver (born 1 January 1992) is a Turkish volleyball player for Maliye Milli Piyango and the Turkish national team.

He plays as outside spiker. He participated at the 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship.

Maliye Milli Piyango SK
Maliye Milli Piyango Spor Kulübü is a Turkish sports club from Ankara active in basketball, handball, taekwondo and volleyball.

The club was founded in 1995. It's women's handball section won four national championships between 2007 and 2010. Having failed to reach the Champions League's group stage in its four appearances in the competition's qualification tournament, its major success in EHF competitions to date was reaching the 2012 EHF Cup's quarterfinals. The male team also plays in the national premier league.
2024 ATP Lyon Open – Singles
Giovanni Mpetshi Perricard defeated Tomás Martín Etcheverry in the final, 6–4, 1–6, 7–6(9–7) to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 ATP Lyon Open. It was his first ATP Tour title. Mpetshi Perricard saved a championship point in the third-set tiebreak and became the second consecutive wildcard to win the tournament, after Arthur Fils the previous year.

Fils was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began.

Giovanni Mpetshi Perricard
Giovanni Mpetshi Perricard (French pronunciation: [pɛtʃi pɛʁikɑʁ]; born 8 July 2003) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 29, achieved on 24 February 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 204, reached on 14 July 2025. He is currently the No. 7 singles player from France.

One of the most powerful servers in professional tennis, at the 2025 Wimbledon Championships he broke the tournament record with a 153-mile-per-hour (246 km/h) serve, and set the record for the fastest second serve ever with a serve of 147 mph (237 km/h).

Mpetshi Perricard has won two ATP Tour singles titles. He represents France at the Davis Cup.
Glintt
Glintt Global (Glintt Global Intelligent Technologies) is a Portuguese technology company formed after the merging of ParaRede and Consiste. After the merger, it became one of the largest Portuguese technological companies. It operates in Europe, Africa and Latin America and holds a strong position on the Health, Pharmacies, Hospitals, Banking, Telecommunications Financial, Energy, Industry and Public Administration sectors.

Pharmacy (shop)
A pharmacy (also called drugstore in North American English or community pharmacy or chemist in Commonwealth English and both in Australian English) is a premises which provides pharmaceutical drugs, among other products. At the pharmacy, a pharmacist oversees the fulfillment of medical prescriptions and is available to counsel patients about prescription and over-the-counter drugs or about health problems and wellness issues. A typical pharmacy would be in the commercial area of a community.
Le Magasin
Founded in 1986, Le Magasin – Centre National d'Art Contemporain is housed in an industrial hall, built for the 1900 Paris World's Fair by the workshops of Gustave Eiffel. Manufacturers Bouchayer and Viallet, working in the area of hydroelectric equipment, bought the iron structure and reassembled it in Grenoble, France.

Its exhibitions focus on contemporary art. Every three months, Le Magasin's spaces are devoted to a new series of solo shows and/or collective exhibitions, presented in a resolutely prospective approach and developed in close collaboration with the invited artists. Art appreciation workshops, training, and conferences are organized in coordination with the current exhibits. The museum also publishes books and catalogs concerning its exhibits.

Gustave Eiffel
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (/ˈaɪfəl/ ⓘ EYE-fəl, French: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ ɡystav ɛfɛl]; né Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; 15 December 1832 – 27 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. A graduate of École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit Viaduct. He is best known for the Eiffel Tower, designed by his company and built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields.
Pale Saints (film)
Pale Saints is a 1997 American-Canadian crime film, written and directed by Joel Wyner. The film stars Sean Patrick Flanery as Louis and Michael Riley as Dody, small-time thugs trying to gain acceptance with an organized crime group by driving to Toronto for a crime job that goes catastrophically wrong.

The film's cast also includes Saul Rubinek, Rachael Crawford, Maury Chaykin, Gordon Pinsent, Jason Blicker, Julian Richings, Hardee T. Lineham and Patrick Gallagher.

The film received five Genie Award nominations at the 19th Genie Awards, for Best Director (Wyner), Best Supporting Actor (2: Riley, Rubinek), Best Supporting Actress (Crawford) and Best Costume Design (Tamara Winston).

Patrick Gallagher (actor)
Patrick James Gallagher (born February 21, 1968) is a Canadian actor. He is known for his roles as Attila the Hun in the Night at the Museum films, Coach Ken Tanaka on the first season of Glee (2009–10), and Joe Finn in Da Vinci’s Inquest and Da Vinci’s City Hall.

Gallagher won a BAFTA Games Award for Performer in a Supporting Role nomination for his work in the video game Ghost of Tsushima.
Bill Downs
William Randall Downs, Jr. (August 17, 1914 – May 3, 1978) was an American broadcast journalist and war correspondent. He worked for CBS News from 1942 to 1962 and for ABC News beginning in 1963. He was one of the original members of the team of war correspondents known as the Murrow Boys.

Downs reported from both the Eastern and Western fronts during World War II, and was the first to deliver a live broadcast from Normandy to the United States after D-Day. After the surrender in Europe, he joined a press party that toured Asia in the months leading up to the end of the Pacific War. He entered Tokyo with Allied occupation forces and covered the Japanese surrender, and was among the first Americans to enter Hiroshima after the atomic bombing. He later covered the Bikini Atoll nuclear tests, the Berlin Blockade, and the Korean War.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
Beauchief and Greenhill
53°19′52″N 1°29′17″W﻿ / ﻿53.331°N 1.488°W﻿ / 53.331; -1.488

Beauchief and Greenhill ward—which includes the suburban areas of Batemoor, Beauchief, Chancet Wood, Greenhill, Jordanthorpe, Lowedges and Meadowhead—is one of the 28 electoral wards in the City of Sheffield, England. It is in the southern part of the city and covers an area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2). The population of the ward in 2016 was estimated to be 19,669 people in 9,209 houses.

It is one of the five wards that form the Sheffield Heeley parliamentary constituency.

The districts of this ward were in the historic county of Derbyshire, but they were annexed into the county borough of Sheffield in 1934, associated with the West Riding of Yorkshire, and were therefore included in the metropolitan county of South Yorkshire in 1974.

Areas of Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in the north of England. Some of the areas developed from villages or hamlets, that were absorbed into Sheffield as the city grew, and thus their centres are well defined, but the boundaries of many areas are ambiguous. The city is divided into 28 electoral wards for local elections and 6 parliamentary constituencies for national elections.
Flight Squad
Flight Squad (Air Academy in French) is an  animated television series produced by the CINAR Corporation (now WildBrain), Antéfilms Productions, and Neurones Animation. 26 episodes of the show were produced.

WildBrain
WildBrain Ltd. is a Canadian media, animation studio, production, and brand licensing company, mostly associated as an entertainment company. The company is known for owning the largest independent library of children's television programming, including the assets of acquisitions such as Cookie Jar Group, Epitome Pictures, and Wildbrain Entertainment among others, distribution rights to the Jay Ward Productions and Ragdoll Productions libraries, and a stake in the Peanuts franchise.

The company was founded in 2006 as DHX Media, via a merger between Decode Entertainment and the Halifax Film Company. The company subsequently acquired other studios and assets, acquired the Canadian specialty service Family Channel in 2014 to expand into broadcasting, and established the YouTube multi-channel network WildBrain (now WildBrain London) in 2016. Building upon the strength of the division, the entirety of the company was rebranded as WildBrain in 2019.
Salem Presbyterian Parsonage
Salem Presbyterian Parsonage, also known as the Old Manse, is a historic parsonage associated with Salem Presbyterian Church and located at Salem, Virginia. The core section was built in 1847, and is a two-story, central passage plan, brick I-house.  A front section was added to the core in 1879, giving the house an L-shaped configuration; an addition in 1922 filled in the "L".  A dining room addition built between 1896 and 1909 connected the main house to a formerly detached kitchen dating to the 1850s. The house features Greek Revival style exterior and interior detailing. The front facade features a one-story porch with a hipped roof supported by fluted Doric order columns. The Salem Presbyterian Church acquired the house in 1854; they sold the property in 1941.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
United Methodist Church of the Resurrection
Resurrection, A United Methodist Church also known as The United Methodist Church of the Resurrection, or simply Church of the Resurrection, is a multi-site, United Methodist megachurch in Kansas City metropolitan area. The original campus is located in Leawood, Kansas, with additional locations in Olathe, Kansas, downtown Kansas City, Missouri, Blue Springs, Missouri, Overland Park, Kansas, Brookside, Kansas City, Missouri. Spring Hill, Kansas, Liberty, Missouri, Lee's Summit, Missouri. It is one of the largest United Methodist congregations in the world and reported a membership of 24,000 in 2025. The United Methodist Saint Paul School of Theology moved its facilities from Kansas City, Missouri, to the Church of the Resurrection in fall of 2013.

The Church of the Resurrection’s founding and senior pastor is Reverend Adam Hamilton. Hamilton started the congregation in 1990. Hamilton is committed to the renewal of the mainline church, especially the United Methodist Church.

Adam Hamilton (pastor)
Adam Hamilton (born July 12, 1964) is an American minister. He is the senior pastor of the United Methodist Church of the Resurrection, a mainline protestant church with multiple locations in the Greater Kansas City area.
Bogaty
Bogaty (Russian: Бога́тый; masculine), Bogataya (Бога́тая; feminine), or Bogatoye (Бога́тое; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Bogaty, Belgorod Oblast, a khutor in Novooskolsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Bogaty, Stavropol Krai, a khutor in Kazinsky Selsoviet of Shpakovsky District of Stavropol Krai

Bogaty, Tula Oblast, a settlement in Velyenikolskaya Rural Administration of Chernsky District of Tula Oblast

Bogatoye, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Ivnyansky District of Belgorod Oblast

Bogatoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Krasnotorovsky Rural Okrug of Zelenogradsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast

Bogatoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Bychkovsky Selsoviet of Bolsheuluysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Bogatoye, Samara Oblast, a selo in Bogatovsky District of Samara Oblast

Bogatoye, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Volsky District of Saratov Oblast

Ivnyansky District
Ivnyansky District (Russian: И́внянский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ivnyansky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 871.1 square kilometers (336.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Ivnya. Population: 21,650 (2021 Census); 23,570 (2010 Census); 24,468 (2002 Census); 23,314 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ivnya accounts for 33.0% of the district's total population.
Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Freshman of the Year
The Pac-12 Freshman of the Year is an annual award in the Pac-12 Conference presented to its top freshman player in men's basketball. The winner is chosen by the Pac-12 coaches. The honor began in 1978–79, when it was known as the Rookie of the Year and players in their first year in the conference, including transfers, were eligible. Junior guard Bryan Rison of Washington State was the first honoree and the only non-freshman to ever win. The candidates were limited to freshman starting in 1983–84, when the award was renamed to Freshman of the Year. The conference was known as the Pacific-10 before becoming the Pac-12 in 2011. Four winners were also named the conference's player of the year in the same year: Shareef Abdur-Rahim (California, 1996), Kevin Love (UCLA, 2008), Deandre Ayton (Arizona, 2018) and Evan Mobley (USC, 2021).

Washington State Cougars men's basketball
The Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represents Washington State University and competes in the West Coast Conference (WCC) of NCAA Division I. The Cougars play their home games on campus in Pullman at Beasley Coliseum, which has a capacity of 12,058. They are currently led by head coach David Riley. Washington State has appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament seven times, most recently in 2024.
2015 Moldovan Super Cup
The 2015 Moldovan Super Cup was the ninth Moldovan Super Cup (Romanian: Supercupa Moldovei), an annual Moldovan football match played by the winner of the national football league (the National Division) and the winner of the national Cup. The match was played between Milsami Orhei, champions of the 2014–15 National Division, and Sheriff Tiraspol, winners of the 2014–15 Moldovan Cup. It was held at the Sheriff Stadium on 25 June 2015.

Sheriff Tiraspol won the match 3–1.

Moldovan Liga
The Moldovan Liga, officially known as Liga 7777 for sponsorship reasons, is an association football league that is the top division of Moldovan football league system. The competition was established in 1992, when Moldova became independent from the Soviet Union. It was formed in place of former Soviet republican competitions that existed since 1945. Before the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in 1940, clubs from modern Moldova competed in the Romanian football competitions.

There are currently eight teams in the competition. At the end of the season, the bottom club is relegated to Liga 1 and replaced by the lower league's champion.

Sheriff Tiraspol – located in Transnistria – is the most successful league club with 21 titles, followed by Zimbru Chișinău with eight wins and Milsami Orhei with two wins. Constructorul Chișinău, Dacia Chișinău and Petrocub Hîncești also won the title on one occasion each.
2024–25 Hong Kong Senior Shield
2024–25 Hong Kong Senior Shield was the 121st season of the Hong Kong Senior Shield. Nine teams entered this edition, with one match being played in the first round before the quarter-finals stage. The competition was only open to teams that played in the 2024–25 Hong Kong Premier League.

The champions received HK$150,000 in prize money while the runners up received HK$50,000. The best player of the final received a HK$10,000 bonus. In addition, the two losing teams in semi-finals received HK$20,000 while the remaining teams received HK$5,000.

Kitchee were the defending champions but were eliminated in the semi-finals. Eastern became the champions for the 12th time after beating Lee Man in the final.

Kitchee SC
Kitchee Sports Club (Chinese: 傑志體育會; Jyutping: Git6zi3 Tai2juk6wui2; [kit̚˨ tsi˧ tʰɐj˧˥ jʊk̚˨ wuj˧˥]; pinyin: Jiézhì tǐyù huì) is a Hong Kong professional football club based in Kowloon. It was founded in 1931 and currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League.

The club has won 12 league titles, including six Hong Kong First Division titles and six Hong Kong Premier League titles. They also won nine Senior Shields and seven Hong Kong FA Cups. The club is also the first Hong Kong club to win a game in AFC Champions League group stage and to advance to the round of 16 of the competition.
Roca (surname)
Roca is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alain Roca (born 1976), Cuban volleyball player

Blas Roca (1908–1987), Cuban politician

Joan Roca i Caball (1898-1976), Catalan politician

Joan Roca i Fontané (b. 1964), Catalan gourmet chef

Jordi Roca i Fontané (b. 1978), Catalan gourmet chef

Josep Roca i Fontané (b. 1966), Catalan sommelier

Julio Argentino Roca (1843–1914), President of Argentina from 1980 to 1986 and 1898 to 1904

Julio Argentino Pascual Roca (1873–1942), Vice President of Argentina from 1932 to 1938, and son of President Roca

Vladimiro Roca (1942–2023), Cuban dissident

Blas Roca Calderio
Blas Roca Calderio (24 July 1908 – 25 April 1987) was a Cuban politician and Marxist theorist who served as President of the National Assembly of People's Power from 1976 to 1981. He was also general secretary of the pre-1959 revolution Communist Party of Cuba for 28 years and editor of the communist newspaper Hoy. He was a signatory of the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, and chaired the committee that wrote the country's first socialist constitution in 1976.
Lyttelton, New Zealand
Lyttelton (Māori: Ōhinehou or Riritana) is a port town on the north shore of Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō, on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The town is separated from Christchurch by the Port Hills, an eroded remnant of the extinct Banks Peninsula Volcano.

The Port of Lyttelton was historically regarded as the "Gateway to Canterbury" for colonial settlers.  It is the South Island's principal goods-transport terminal, handling 34% of exports and 61% of imports by value, and is also a regular destination for cruise ships.

Canterbury Association
The Canterbury Association was formed in 1848 in England by members of parliament, peers, and Anglican church leaders, to establish a colony in New Zealand. The settlement was to be called Canterbury, with its capital to be known as Christchurch. Organised emigration started in 1850 and the colony was established on the South Island. The First Four Ships took out settlers steeped in the region's history. The Association was not a financial success for the founding members and the organisation was wound up in 1855.