hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aaron Murray
Aaron William Murray (born November 10, 1990) is an American former football player. He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) in the fifth round of the 2014 NFL draft. He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs. Murray currently leads the Southeastern Conference (SEC) career passing touchdown list, ahead of Peyton Manning, Eli Manning, and Matthew Stafford.

Murray is a college football color commentator for the ESPN networks, most permanently as a commentator for SEC Network. A two-year veteran of spring football, he began calling UFL games for ESPN in 2025.

ESPN Inc.
ESPN Inc. is an American multinational sports media conglomerate founded by Bill Rasmussen on September 7, 1979 and currently majority-owned by the Walt Disney Company via indirect subsidiary ABC Inc. as one of its three major business segments, with Hearst Communications and the National Football League as equity stakeholders.

Currently headed by executive James Pitaro since March 5, 2018, it owns and operates the ESPN-branded cable television, satellite television and streaming media channels and services including ESPN itself, ESPN DTC, ESPN+, ESPN2, ESPNU, ESPNews, ESPN Deportes, ESPN Radio, ESPN.com, ACC Network, SEC Network, 20% of TSN and the sports division of ABC. It also operates the international variants of ESPN via ESPN International.

Programming on its television networks include broadcasts of live or tape-delayed sporting events and sports-related programming including talk shows and original documentary series and films.
Ha Min-ah
Ha Min-ah (born 9 November 1995) is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.

Ha won a gold medal in flyweight division at the 2015 World Taekwondo Championships in Chelyabinsk, a gold medal in the bantamweight division at the 2018 Asian Taekwondo Championships in Ho Chi Minh City, and a silver medal in flyweight division at the 2016 Asian Taekwondo Championships.

2015 World Taekwondo Championships
The 2015 World Taekwondo Championships were the 22nd edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Chelyabinsk, Russia from May 12 to May 18, 2015. The decision to award the games to Russia was made in 2013 as they out-voted both Vietnam and Brazil.
Leonie Küng
Leonie Küng (born 21 October 2000) is a Swiss tennis player. As a qualifier, she reached the singles final at the Junior Wimbledon Championships in 2018.

Küng has career-high WTA rankings of 144 in singles, achieved on 14 September 2020, and 220 in doubles, reached on 26 July 2021. To date, she has won one doubles WTA Challenger title with 10 singles and 11 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Küng played first ITF events in Greece in 2014, and won her first $15k events in singles and doubles at the age of 17, in November 2017 in Oslo. She was the 2021 Swiss national singles champion, and she also won the national doubles title, partnering Ylena In-Albon.

Küng made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2017 Ladies Open Biel Bienne, in the doubles draw, partnering Ylena In-Albon. Küng reached her maiden WTA Tour singles final at the 2020 Thailand Open by defeating three top-100 players en-route to the final.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Yanbeilong
Yanbeilong (meaning "north of Yanmen Pass dragon") is an  extinct genus of stegosaurian dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous (Albian age) Zuoyun Formation of Shanxi, China. The genus contains a single species, Yanbeilong ultimus, known from a single partial skeleton including several vertebrae and the pelvic girdle. It is one of the youngest known stegosaurs, alongside Mongolostegus from Mongolia and unnamed stegosaurine remains from the Hekou Group of China, both of which date to the Aptian–Albian ages.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Charles von Hügel
Charles von Hügel (born Carl Alexander Anselm Baron von Hügel; 25 April 1795 – 2 June 1870), sometimes spelt in English Huegel, was an Austrian nobleman, army officer, diplomat, botanist, and explorer, now primarily remembered for his travels in northern India during the 1830s. During his lifetime he was celebrated by the European ruling classes for his botanical garden and his introduction of plants and flowers from New Holland (Australia) to Europe's public gardens.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Takeshi Suzuki (alpine skier)
Takeshi Suzuki (鈴木 猛史, Suzuki Takeshi; born May 1, 1988) is a Japanese alpine skier and Paralympic athlete. He won a gold medal in the slalom event at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia.

He competed in the 2006 Winter Paralympics in Turin, Italy, where he became
4th in the Downhill and 12th in the Slalom, sitting.

He competed in the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, Canada. He won a bronze medal in the Giant slalom, sitting. He became 5th at the Super combined, 5th in the Super-G, 11th at the Downhill and 15th at the Slalom, sitting.

Alpine skiing at the 2006 Winter Paralympics – Men's downhill
Men's downhill skiing events at the 2006 Winter Paralympics were contested at Sestriere on 11 & 12 March.

There were 3 events. Each was contested by skiers from a range of disability classes, and the standings were decided by applying a disability factor to the actual times achieved.
Sheyda Gerashi
Mohammadjafar Khan Gerashi (Persian: محمدجعفر خان گراشی), son of Rostam Khan Gerashi and grandson of Fathali Khan Gerashi, known as Moghtader-ol-Mamalek (Persian: مقتدرالممالک) and better known as his pen-name Sheyda (Persian: شیدا), was a Persian Poet and Panegyrist.
He was born in Gerash, Fars, Iran on 3 December 1879, and on 3 April 1920 in a local war in Sahray-ye Bagh, was killed. From him remains a Diwan contains the lyrics, quatrains, odes, dirges, etc., that published by Ahmad Eghtedari.

Ahmad Eghtedari
Ahmad Eghtedari (Persian: احمد اقتداری‎; 24 May 1925, Gerash, Iran – 16 April 2019, Tehran) was an Iranian teacher, lawyer, writer, historian and geographer who was regarded as a prominent scholar in Persian Gulf studies. Historically, he was a descendant of Gerashi thanes (Khan in Persian). In his youth, he traveled on foot along the coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea and began mapping and documenting their topography.

Jalal Ale Ahmad, the famous writer, described the friendship between Ahmad Eghtedari, Iraj Afshar and Manuchehr Sotudeh as "three musketeers" and "gravestone-graphers", alluding to the fact that these three managed to introduce a lot of Iran's historical documents and ancient monuments.

The Pearl of The Persian Gulf is a book that documents his Iranian Studies researches, and the documentary film, To Iran, My Eternal, is made based on his life and works.

Ahmad Eghtedari died on 16 April 2019 in Tehran.
Agnes Wieslander
Agnes Wieslander (1873–1934) was a Swedish painter who mainly produced landscapes although she also painted still lifes and portraits. Her art education included Harald Foss in Copenhagen, the Académie Colarossi in Paris, Carl Wilhelmson in Gothenburg and Adolf Hölzel in Stuttgart. In 1913, she was one of the founding members of Konstnärsgruppen (The Artists' Group). Suffering from poor health, she had to abandon art in the 1920s. One of her works is in the collection of Nationalmuseet. Several more can be seen in the Malmö Art Museum.

Académie Colarossi
The Académie Colarossi (1870–1930) was an art school in Paris founded in 1870 by the Italian model and sculptor Filippo Colarossi. It was originally located on the Île de la Cité, and it moved in 1879 to 10 rue de la Grande-Chaumière in the 6th arrondissement. The school closed in the 1930s.
Chadi Cheikh Merai
Chadi Cheikh Merai (Arabic: شَادِي شَيْخ مَرْعِيّ; born 20 January 1976), also known as Chadi, is a Syrian footballer who  last played for and managed Pietrasanta Marina in the regional Eccellenza football division for clubs in Tuscany, Italy.

He played for Massese and Lucchese in the third-highest football league in Italy. He has an Italian passport, too.

Carrarese Calcio 1908
Carrarese Calcio 1908, commonly referred to as Carrarese, is an Italian football club based in Carrara, Tuscany. The team plays in Serie B, second tier of Italian football, after promotion from Serie C in 2023–24.
Augeiae (Laconia)
Augeiae or Augeiai (Ancient Greek: Αὐγειαί) was a town of ancient Laconia, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, Strabo says the town was the same as the later Aegiae. Pausanias agrees with Strabo in that the name of the city had changed, but with a small variation, since he calls it "Aegias", which he places at thirty stadia from Gythium and situates in it a lagoon with a temple and a statue of Poseidon. There was a superstition that those who caught fish from the lagoon would become fishermen.

If Augeiae is colocated with Aegiae, it is at 36°47′11″N 22°30′46″E﻿ / ﻿36.786285°N 22.512906°E﻿ / 36.786285; 22.512906.

Laconia
Laconia or Lakonia (Greek: Λακωνία, Lakonía, [lakoˈni.a]) is a historical and administrative region of Greece located on the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Since 2011, it has been administered as a regional unit, with Sparta as its capital. The word laconic—to speak in a blunt, concise way—is probably derived from the name of this region, a reference to the ancient Spartans who were renowned for their verbal austerity and blunt, often pithy remarks.
Denkoroku
Denkōroku (伝光録; Record of the Transmission of the Light) is a kōan collection written in 1300 by Keizan Jokin Zenji, the Great Patriarch of Sōtō Zen Buddhism, based on approximately a year of his Dharma talks.
This text is not to be confused with "The Jingde Record of the Transmission of the Lamp", while there is considerable overlap of the individuals referenced, the content of these records does not exactly match.

The book includes 53 enlightenment stories covering 1600 or more years based on the traditional legendary accounts of Dharma transmission in the Sōtō lineage. Successive masters and disciples in the book are Shakyamuni Buddha circa 360 to 440 BCE in India, to Zen master Ejō in about 1230 or 1240 in Japan.

While other translations are available as of 2012, this article was developed for the most part from the introduction and translator's note by Francis Dojun Cook.

Dharma transmission
In Chan and Zen Buddhism, dharma transmission is a custom in which a person is established as a "successor in an unbroken lineage of teachers and disciples, a spiritual 'bloodline' (kechimyaku) theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself." The dharma lineage reflects the importance of family-structures in ancient China, and forms a symbolic and ritual recreation of this system for the monastic "family".

In Rinzai-Zen, inka shōmei (印可証明) is ideally "the formal recognition of Zen's deepest realisation", but practically it is being used for the transmission of the "true lineage" of the masters (shike) of the training halls. There are only about fifty to eighty of such inka shōmei-bearers in Japan.

In Sōtō-Zen, dharma transmission is referred to as shiho, and further training is required to become an oshō.
Tonal system (Nystrom)
The tonal system is a base 16 system of notation (predating the widespread use of hexadecimal in computing), arithmetic, and metrology proposed in 1859 by John W. Nystrom.  In addition to new weights and measures, his proposal included a new calendar with sixteen months, a new system of coinage, and a clock with sixteen major divisions of the day (called tims). Nystrom advocated his system thus:

I am not afraid, or do not hesitate, to advocate a binary system of arithmetic and metrology. I know I have nature on my side; if I do not succeed to impress upon you its utility and great importance to mankind, it will reflect that much less credit upon our generation, upon scientific men and philosophers.

Calendar
A calendar is a system of organizing days. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months and years. A date is the designation of a single and specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system. A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar, or a partly or fully chronological list of documents, such as a calendar of wills.

Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. The most common type of pre-modern calendar was the lunisolar calendar, a lunar calendar that occasionally adds one intercalary month to remain synchronized with the solar year over the long term.
First Football League of Kosovo
The First Football League of Kosovo (Albanian: Liga e Parë e Futbollit të Kosovës), officially the Raiffeisen First League of Kosovo (Albanian: Raiffeisen Liga e Parë e Kosovës) for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the men's football league system in Kosovo. It is organised by the Football Federation of Kosovo (FFK).

As of the 2025–26 season the division consists of 18 clubs in a single nationwide league, following the merger of the previous two-group format used between the 2020–21 and 2024–25 seasons. Clubs are relegated to and promoted from the Second League, while the highest-placed teams move up to the Superleague.

KF Tefik Çanga
KF Tefik Çanga (Albanian: Klubi Futbollistik Tefik Çanga) is a professional football club from Kosovo which competes in the Third League (Group B). The club is based in Tërn, Ferizaj. Their home ground is the Tërn Sports Field which has a viewing capacity of 500.
Fox Retro
Fox Retro was an Italian television channel owned by Fox International Channels Italy. It feature older American television series from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. It was available with a Sky Italia subscription. It launched on August 1, 2009 and shut down on December 31, 2014.

Sky Italia
Sky Italia S.r.l. is an Italian satellite television platform owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast. Sky Italia also broadcasts three national free-to-air television channels: TV8, Cielo, and Sky TG24.

Pay TV services on the Sky Italia satellite platform are broadcast on the Hot Bird satellites at 13.0°E and are encrypted in NDS VideoGuard.
Cuba men's national under-23 volleyball team
The Cuba men's national under-23 volleyball team represents Cuba in men's under-23 volleyball Events, it is controlled and managed by the Cuban Volleyball Federation that is a member of North American volleyball body North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation
The North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA) is the international governing body for the sport of volleyball in Northern America, Central America, and the Caribbean. NORCECA is the continental confederation that represents its 35 member associations at the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) level. It also has six associate members: Bonaire, Saba, Saint Martin, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The confederation is responsible for, among other things, the staging of Olympic and World Championship zone qualification tournaments, as well as continental championships for both men and women in indoor volleyball and beach volleyball. In 2022, NORCECA celebrated its fifty-fourth (54th) anniversary.
Swatch FIVB World Tour 2008
The Swatch FIVB World Tour 2008 is an international beach volleyball competition.

The tour consists of 15 tournaments with both genders and 9 separate gender tournaments.

The top eight finishes that a team has from January 1, 2007 to July 20, 2008, on the Swatch FIVB World Tour (2007 and 2008), SWATCH FIVB World Championships (2007) and on FIVB recognised Continental Championship Finals, counts towards Olympic qualification for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The top 24 teams of each gender will compete in the Beijing Games. There can be a maximum of two teams per country.

FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships
The FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships is the double-gender world championship for the sport of beach volleyball organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) the sport's global governing body. The first official edition of the event was held in Los Angeles, United States in 1997 and tournaments had been awarded every two years since then. Before 1997, ten unofficial championships not organized by the FIVB were all held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 1987 and 1996. The most recent World Championships took place in Australia in 2025.

Winning the World Championships is considered to be one of the highest honours in international beach volleyball, surpassing the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour and being surpassed only by the beach volleyball tournament at the Summer Olympic Games.
John Toepp
John F. Toepp (September 25, 1920 - April 24, 1979) was an American politician.  He was a Republican member of both houses of the Michigan Legislature between 1963 and 1978.

Born in Ohio, Toepp attended Western Michigan University. He served one term in the Michigan House of Representatives and was elected to the Senate in 1966, succeeding Guy Vander Jagt who had won election to Congress. Toepp served in the Senate until his defeat in 1978. He was an alternate delegate to the 1972 Republican National Convention.

Toepp a broadcaster for high school football and basketball games with the radio station WATT, and for the National Basketball League.

Michigan Legislature
The Michigan Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral body composed of the Senate (the upper chamber) and the House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The chief purposes of the Legislature are to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. The Legislature meets in the Capitol building in Lansing.

The 103rd Michigan Legislature was sworn in on January 11, 2025.
Buchloe–Memmingen railway
The Buchloe–Memmingen railway is an approximately 45 kilometre long single-track, electrified mainline in the German state of Bavaria. It connects Buchloe and Memmingen and is part of the railway axis from Augsburg to Lindau.

Augsburg Hauptbahnhof
Augsburg Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station in the Bavarian city of Augsburg, situated in southern Germany. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station and has 12 platform tracks.

The station has one of the oldest still existing station halls in Germany, which was built from 1843 to 1846 after plans by architect Eduard Rüber. It was reconstructed in 1869 according to Friedrich Bürklein's plans. The station today serves as the central railway hub for the Augsburg metropolitan area and Bavarian Swabia. It is currently being modernised and an underground tram station is being built under it.
JumpStart Adventures 5th Grade: Jo Hammet, Kid Detective
JumpStart Adventures 5th Grade: Jo Hammet, Kid Detective is an educational/adventure computer game in the JumpStart series, created by Knowledge Adventure in 1997 and intended for fifth grade students.

Educational game
Educational games are games explicitly designed with educational purposes, or which have incidental or secondary educational value. All types of games may be used in an educational environment, however educational games are games that are designed to help people learn about certain subjects, expand concepts, reinforce development, understand a historical event or culture, or assist them in learning a skill as they play. Game types include board, card, and video games.

As educators, governments, and parents realize the psychological need and benefits that gaming has on learning, this educational tool has become mainstream. Games are interactive play that teach goals, rules, adaptation, problem solving, interaction, all represented as a story. They satisfy a fundamental need to learn by providing enjoyment, passionate involvement, structure, motivation, ego gratification, adrenaline, creativity, social interaction and emotion in the game itself while the learning takes place.
Henry Smithers
Henry Smithers (Bapt. 7 August 1762 - 8 April 1828, Edge Hill, Lancashire) was an English shipowner based in Southwark, London. He was an active radical and abolitionist. He wrote poetry and a number of books on commerce and economics.

Henry was the son of Joseph Smithers and Martha (née Keene). With Henry Keene he ran a coal merchants business in Clink Street.

He was proposed for membership of the Society for Constitutional Information by Joseph Towers. He was also active in the Revolution Society, serving as both steward (1788) and secretary (1789). He was a founding member of the Society of Ship-Owners of Great Britain in 1802.: 250  He went into business with his son, John Hampden Smithers, but they were declared bankrupt in 1815.

Smithers was an abolitionist and expressed these sentiments in his account of Liverpool, providing statistics on the increase in the slave trade during the eighteenth century.

Clink Street
Clink Street is a street in Bankside, London, UK, between Southwark Cathedral and the Globe Theatre.

Narrow, dark and cobbled, it is best known as the historic location of the notorious Clink Prison, giving rise to the slang phrase 'in the clink', meaning 'in prison'. The prison was burned down in riots during 1780, and a small museum and tourist attraction now occupies part of the site. Clink Street is very close, and runs parallel, to the River Thames. A replica of the Golden Hind is moored in a small dock at the eastern end of the street.

A chase scene in the David Lean directed Oliver Twist  was filmed there. The Doctor Who episode, "The Talons of Weng-Chiang", was filmed in this area, as was the final sequence in the 1981 John Landis film An American Werewolf in London. More recently, it was used as the exterior of Daniel Cleaver's flat in Bridget Jones's Diary.

Clink Street in 1983

Blue plaque on the former prison site

Clink Street under Cannon Street Railway Bridge