hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kenneth Konstam
Kenneth Walter "Konnie" Konstam (born Adolf Walter Konstam; 25 February 1906 – 21 May 1968) was an English international bridge player who won seven international titles. In 1955 he played on the only Great Britain team to win the Bermuda Bowl (the world championship) and he won more European Bridge League open teams championships than any other British player.

Konstam, educated at Oundle School, was employed for a time as a stockbroker in the London Stock Exchange. He was for many years an executive of the De La Rue company, which made playing cards, postage stamps and banknotes (the playing card business was eventually sold to Waddingtons). He served in the British Army during World War II, reaching the rank of Major. His fluent French qualified him to act as Liaison Officer to the French Army after D-Day.

Glossary of contract bridge terms
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms.

In the following entries, boldface links are external to the glossary and plain links reference other glossary entries.
Grunehogna Peaks
The Grunehogna Peaks are a group of peaks 2 nautical miles (4 km) north of the Liljequist Heights, in the south part of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Grunehogna.

Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists. The team members came from Norway, Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations.
1988 Tel Aviv Open
The 1988 Tel Aviv Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at the Israel Tennis Centers in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat HaSharon, Israel from October 10 through October 15, 1988. First-seeded Brad Gilbert won the singles title.

Tel Aviv District
The Tel Aviv District (Hebrew: מחוז תל אביב; Arabic: منطقة تل أبيب) is one of the six administrative districts of Israel, with a population of 1.35 million residents. Despite being geographically smallest, it is the most densely populated district of Israel. It is 98.9% Jewish and 1.10% Arab (0.7% Muslim, 0.4% Christian).

The district's capital is Tel Aviv, one of the two largest cities in Israel and the country's economic, business and technological capital. The metropolitan area created by the Tel Aviv district and its neighboring cities is locally named Gush Dan.

It is the only one of the six districts not adjacent to either the West Bank or an international border, being surrounded on the north, east, and south by the Central District and on the west by the Mediterranean Sea. The population density of the Tel Aviv district is 7,259/km2.
Constrained Horn clauses
Constrained Horn clauses (CHCs) model a fragment of first-order logic with applications to program verification and synthesis. They are named after the general Horn clause, which in turn is named after logician Alfred Horn. Constrained Horn clauses, specifically, can be seen as a form of constraint logic programming.

Program synthesis
In computer science, program synthesis is the task to construct a program that provably satisfies a given high-level formal specification. In contrast to program verification, the program is to be constructed rather than given; however, both fields make use of formal proof techniques, and both comprise approaches of different degrees of automation. In contrast to automatic programming techniques, specifications in program synthesis are usually non-algorithmic statements in an appropriate logical calculus.

The primary application of program synthesis is to relieve the programmer of the burden of writing correct, efficient code that satisfies a specification. However, program synthesis also has applications to superoptimization and inference of loop invariants.
Berlin Institute for Population and Development
The Berlin Institute for Population and Development (German: Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung) is an independent scientific research institute that aims to improve the way in which international demographic change is perceived and dealt with in the context of sustainable development. To reach this goal, the institute publishes studies and discussion papers. It also offers an online handbook on demography and publishes a newsletter. The institute is financed by contributions, project funds, earnings from the foundation's endowment, and contributions to the endowment. The institute is headed by Reiner Klingholz, who studied chemistry, earning a PhD in molecular biology. Earlier in his career, Reiner Klingholz worked as a journalist for the German weekly Die Zeit and the bi-annual magazine Geo Wissen.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Guppy (band)
Guppy is an American indie rock band from Los Angeles, California. As of 2025, Guppy has released three full-length albums.

The members of Guppy met while students at Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts. In 2019, the group released their first album titled In Heat. In 2022, they announced plans to release their second full-length album. The album, Big Man Says Slappydoo, was released on April 22 through Lauren Records. The album was produced by Sarah Tudzin of Illuminati Hotties. On May 17, 2024, Guppy released their third full-length album Something Is Happening... through Lauren Records, also produced by Sarah Tudzin.

Emerson College
Emerson College is a private college in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1880 by Charles Wesley Emerson as a school of oratory. The school offers more than 30 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, as well as professional training, primarily focused on the arts and communication, grounded in a liberal arts framework. Emerson is a founding member of the ProArts Consortium, a collaborative association of six neighboring Boston-based institutions dedicated to collegiate-level arts education.

Originally based in Boston's Pemberton Square, the college moved neighborhoods several times and is now located in the Theater District along the south side of the Boston Common. It maintains campuses in Los Angeles and in the Netherlands. Emerson is also notable for the college's namesake public opinion poll, Emerson College Polling.
Bryce Walmsley
Bryce Crawford Walmsley (2 August 1881 – 21 June 1930) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Port Adelaide to engineer James Walmsley and Agnes, née Crawford. He grew up in Albury and moved to Sydney in 1902, where he worked with an accounting firm until 1920. On 11 October 1918 he married Jessie Elsie Dunn Munro, with whom he had three children. In 1927 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Nationalist member for Lane Cove, serving until his death at Lindfield in 1930.

Lindfield, New South Wales
Lindfield is a suburb on the Upper North Shore of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 13 kilometres north-west of the Sydney Central Business District and is in the local government area of Ku-ring-gai Council.  East Lindfield is a separate suburb to the east, sharing the postcode of 2070.

This suburb of 5.17 square kilometres contains residential housing of California bungalow and federation style, in double brick and tile construction. Australian native bushland in Garigal National Park and Lane Cove National Park borders the suburb.
Siegfried & Roy: The Magic Box
Siegfried & Roy: The Magic Box is a 1999 American biographical film about magicians Siegfried & Roy directed by Brett Leonard and starring Siegfried & Roy as themselves with narration by Anthony Hopkins.

Brett Leonard
Brett Leonard (born May 14, 1959) is an American film director, producer and music video director specializing in the science fiction and horror genres. A few of his films such as The Lawnmower Man (1992) and Virtuosity (1995) feature groundbreaking computer animation and visual effects. The Lawnmower Man is considered the first, seminal film to feature "virtual reality" as a cautionary tale becoming the number one commercially successful independent film of 1992, budgeted at just under $6 million and eventually earning over $150 million worldwide.
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 200 metre individual medley SM7
The women's 200 metre individual medley SM7 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 13 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

Olympic Aquatics Stadium
The Olympic Aquatics Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio Aquático Olímpico) was a temporary aquatics center in the Barra Olympic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue hosted the swimming events, Synchronized swimming finals and water polo finals at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the para-swimming events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Oxalis drummondii
Oxalis drummondii, the large-leaf woodsorrel or Drummond's wood-sorrel, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oxalidaceae. It is native to central and southern Texas, and northern Mexico. A tuberous geophyte reaching 8 in (20 cm), it is typically found growing in calcareous or sandy soils, in open woods, shrublands, and grasslands.

Oxalidaceae
Oxalidaceae, or the wood-sorrels family, is a family of five genera of flowering plants, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus Oxalis. The flowers within this family tend to be perfect, and 5-parted with a superior ovary consisting of five fused carpels. Fruits of this family tend to be capsules or berries that are prominently 5-lobed such as the starfruit.
Wildlife Conservation Society Canada
The Wildlife Conservation Society Canada (WCS Canada), based in Toronto, Ontario, is the Canadian affiliate of the Wildlife Conservation Society International (WCS), incorporated as a conservation organization in Canada in July 2004. WCS Canada currently runs conservation projects across six key regions in Canada led by its staff of field-based scientists.

WCS Canada is an environmental organization that generates science through applied field-based research and uses this research to achieve conservational goals. Issues addressed by the group include protected area design, wildlife monitoring and recovery, ecosystem restoration, and community-based conservation.

Lake sturgeon
The lake sturgeon (Huso fulvescens), also known as the rock sturgeon, is a North American temperate freshwater fish, one of 27 species of sturgeon. Like other sturgeons, this species is a bottom feeder and has a partly cartilaginous skeleton, an overall streamlined shape, and skin bearing rows of bony plates on the sides and back.

The lake sturgeon uses its elongated, spade-like snout to stir up the substrate and sediments on the beds of rivers and lakes to feed.  Four sensory organs (barbels) hang near its mouth to help the sturgeon locate bottom-dwelling prey. Lake sturgeons can grow to a large size for freshwater fish, up to 7.25 ft (2.2 m) long and 240 lbs (108 kg).
Wynnum Manly Ward
Wynnum Manly Ward, sometimes stylised as Wynnum-Manly is a Brisbane City Council ward covering Wynnum, Wynnum West, Manly, Lota, Lytton, Port of Brisbane, and part of Manly West. The ward was established for the 1994 Brisbane City Council election, and largely succeeds the former wards of Wynnum (1925-1973), Waterloo Bay (1973-1985) and Kianawah (1985-1994).

The ward has been represented by Alex Givney of the Liberal National Party since the 2024 Brisbane City Council election. It had previously been held Labor Party since its creation in 1994.

Queensland Labor Party
The Queensland Labor Party, officially known as the Australian Labor Party (State of Queensland) and commonly referred to as Queensland Labor or simply Labor, is the branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in the state of Queensland. It has functioned in the state since the 1880s. The Queensland branch of the Australian Labor Party was the first Labour Party to win government in the world, when, in December 1899, following the resignation of the Dickson ministry, Queensland Labour leader Anderson Dawson accepted an offer by Lieutenant-Governor Samuel Griffith to form a government.
Kalgansky District
Kalgansky District (Russian: Калганский район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai and borders Nerchinsko-Zavodsky District in the north, Priargunsky District in the south, and Alexandrovo-Zavodsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,900 square kilometers (1,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kalga. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,771, with the population of Kalga accounting for 39.1% of that number.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Sport in Lebanon
Because of Lebanon's geography, both summer and winter sports are engaged in in the country. During autumn and spring it is sometimes possible to engage in both activities on the same day; for example, skiing in the morning and swimming in the afternoon.

Lebanon hosted the Asian Cup in 2000 and the Pan-Arab Games in 1957 and again in 1997. Lebanon gained acceptance to host the 13th Pan-Arab Games in 2015. Although the Asian Winter Games were under consideration to be held in Lebanon in 2009, they ultimately did not take place. However, Lebanon did host Les Jeux de la Francophonie in 2009.

Asian Winter Games
The Asian Winter Games (AWG) is an international multi-sport event held every four years for members of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) featuring winter events. The Japanese Olympic Committee first suggested creating a winter version of the Asian Games in 1982. Their efforts were rewarded when they received hosting rights for the first edition, held in Sapporo in 1986, as the city had the infrastructure and expertise gained from hosting of the 1972 Winter Olympics.

From having only seven OCA member nations participate in the first edition, the number of competing nations in the Winter Asiad has grown consistently. In the 2007 Asian Winter Games in Changchun, 27 out of the 45 members fielded a record number of competitors, while all 45 National Olympic Committees sent delegations for the first time in AWG history.

Although games were considered for Lebanon in 2009, they were ultimately cancelled. The next edition is scheduled to be held in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
2019 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship
The 2019 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship was a motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across England, with one round in Belgium. The 2019 season was the fourth organised by the British Racing Drivers' Club in the United Kingdom. The championship featured a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded drivers, and also featured the 2-litre 230-bhp Tatuus-Cosworth single seat race car in the main series. The season commenced at Oulton Park on 20 April and ended on 15 September at Donington Park, after eight triple header events for a total of twenty-four races.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Coat of arms of Chad
The coat of arms of Chad was adopted in 1970. The center has a shield with jagged blue and yellow lines (barry dancetty), with  a sun rising over it. The shield is supported by a goat and a lion. Below the shield is a medal and a scroll with the national motto in French, Unité, Travail, Progrès ("Unity, Work, Progress" in English). The shield supporters as well as the scroll feature a red arrow pointing upwards.

Motto
A motto (derived from the Latin muttum, 'mutter', by way of Italian motto, 'word' or 'sentence') is a sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organization. Mottos (or mottoes) are usually found predominantly in written form (unlike slogans, which may also be expressed orally), and may stem from long traditions of social foundations, or from significant events, such as a civil war or a revolution. One's motto may be in any language, but Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world.
Jesu dulcis memoria
Jesu dulcis memoria is a Christian hymn often attributed to  Saint Bernard of Clairvaux.  The name can refer either to the entire poem, which, depending on the manuscript, ranges from forty-two to fifty-three stanzas, or only the first part. The hymn inspired other variants, such as the "De nomine Iesu."

Three sections of it are used as hymns in the Liturgy of the Hours of the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus: "Iesu dulcis memoria" (Vespers), "Iesu rex admirabilis" (Matins), "Iesu decus angelicum" (Lauds).

Several English hymns sung today are based on translations of Jesu dulcis memoria. These include "Jesus, Thou Joy of Loving Hearts" (1858 translation by Ray Palmer) and "Jesus, the Very Thought of Thee" (1849 translation by Edward Caswall).

Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus
The Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus is a feast of the liturgical year celebrated by Christians on varying dates.

In the Evangelical-Lutheran and Anglican branches of Christianity, given that the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ and the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus fall on New Year's Day, it is often observed through a Watchnight Mass that starts in the late hours of New Year's Eve and continues into the early morning of New Year's Day.
Hope & Gloria
Hope & Gloria is an American sitcom television series created by Bill and Cheri Steinkellner, that aired on NBC from March 9, 1995, through June 22, 1996. The show was canceled after 35 episodes. It starred Cynthia Stevenson as Hope, a high-strung television producer, and Jessica Lundy as Gloria, a tough-talking beautician, who become neighbors in an apartment complex in downtown Pittsburgh. The program also starred Alan Thicke as a local TV personality and featured Enrico Colantoni in one of his first regular roles on television.

The series was broadcast in Britain on ITV during the 1996 summer holiday, going out Monday to Friday for seven weeks.

Bill and Cheri Steinkellner
Bill Steinkellner and Cheri Steinkellner are an American husband and wife screenwriting duo, known for their work on Cheers, Teacher's Pet, its film adaptation of the same name, and Bob. They wrote the book of the musical Sister Act, for which they received a Tony Award nomination.
Franz Christoph von Rothmund
Franz Christoph von Rothmund (28 December 1801 in Dettelbach – 30 November 1891 in Munich) was a German surgeon. He was the father of ophthalmologist August von Rothmund (1830–1906).

He studied medicine with Ignaz Döllinger (1770–1841), Cajetan von Textor (1782–1860) and Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864) at the University of Würzburg, and under Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe (1787–1840) at the University of Berlin.

From 1823, he served as court physician in Miltenberg, later performing similar duties in Volkach. In 1843 he became a professor at the University of Munich, later attaining the title of Obermedicinalrath.

Rothmund is known for his work involving "radical surgery" of hernias. He retired from medicine in 1871, and at the time of his death was considered the "doyen of German surgeons".

Radical surgery
Radical surgery, also called radical dissection, is surgery that is more extensive than "conservative" surgery.

In surgical oncology, radical surgery is surgery intended to remove both a tumor and any metastases of it, for purposes of diagnosis or treatment. It typically includes the removal of a tumor or mass and ancillary lymph nodes that may drain the mass, as in radical mastectomy. It is opposed to for example palliative surgery which is intended for symptom relief rather than complete removal of cancer tissue.

In histopathology, radicality of tumor excisions is generally defined as the absence of tumor cells in a certain resection margin, with the specific margin width varying by tumor type and local guidelines. A non-radical excision may require re-excision.
Jori Harju
Jori Matias Harju (born 20 October 1964) is a Finnish two-star admiral. He has served as the Commander of the Finnish Navy since January 2019.

Harju was promoted to be Commander of the Finnish Navy after serving as the Chief of Operations of the Navy from 2016 to 2019, ranked as Captain (kommodori in Finnish). His selection was seen by some as surprising, as he was younger by rank than flotilla admiral Timo Hirvonen, then Chief of Staff of the Navy.

Harju has previously served i.e. as Chief of Operations of the Navy, as a Sector Commander in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, as the Chief of the Finnish Joint Operations Centre, and as the Commander of the Suomenlinna Coastal Regiment.

Finnish Navy
The Finnish Navy (Finnish: Merivoimat [ˈmeriˌʋoi̯mɑt], Swedish: Marinen) is the naval branch of the Finnish Defence Forces. It employs approximately 2,300 personnel, and around 4,300 conscripts are trained annually. Finnish Navy vessels use the ship prefix FNS ("Finnish Navy Ship") in English-language contexts, although this prefix is not used in Finnish or Swedish. In addition to surface vessels, the Finnish Navy includes coastal forces and coastal artillery units.