hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Engstingen
Engstingen is a municipality in the Tübingen administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It lies in the Swabian Jura (plateau), about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Reutlingen.

It was formed on January 1, 1975 from the former independent municipalities of Großengstingen, Kleinengstingen and Kohlstetten.

Engstingen is located on the northern edge of the Swabian Jura, at 680–750 metres (2,230–2,460 ft) altitude on the Alb plateau near the Alb edge in the valley of Ur-Lauter, about 15 km south of the town Reutlingen.

Albtrauf
The term Albtrauf (Alp escarpment) refers to the northwest facing escarpment of the Swabian Alps, situated in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. It is the most distinctive stepped slope within the alpine region of the South German Scarplands, leading roughly from the southwest to the northeast.

The Albtrauf has its geological extension in the northeast, in the stepped slopes of the Franconian Jura and in the southwest and west among the Jurassic period stepped slopes of the Baaralb, Hegaualb, Randen, Klettgau, Aargau as well as the Table Jura stretches from the city of Basel to the Ajoie and the French Scarplands.

In geology and geomorphology, however, the term “Trauf” merely describes the brink of the stepped slopes where various stepped surfaces meet (which is not developed in hipped steps).
1993 Big Eight Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1993 Big Eight Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 12–14 at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri.

Seventh-seeded Missouri defeated #5 seed Kansas State in the championship game, 68–56, to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 1993 NCAA tournament.

Hy-Vee Arena
Hy-Vee Arena, previously known as Kemper Arena, is an indoor arena located in Kansas City, Missouri. Prior to conversion to a youth sports and community gymnasium facility, Kemper Arena was previously a 19,500-seat professional sports arena. It has hosted NCAA Final Four basketball games, professional basketball and hockey teams, professional wrestling events, the 1976 Republican National Convention, concerts, and is the ongoing host of the American Royal livestock show.

It was originally named for Rufus Crosby Kemper Sr., a member of the powerful Kemper financial clan and who donated $3.2 million from his estate for the arena. In 2016, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its revolutionary design by Helmut Jahn.
Melikaiella flora
Melikaiella flora, formerly Callirhytis milleri, the live oak petiole gall wasp, is a species of hymenopteran that produces leaf galls on coast live oak, interior live oak, and canyon live oak trees in California in North America. The gall often subsumes the entire petiole and occasionally part of the leaf body. Pregnant females of the second generation oviposit on acorns; these acorns are usually dropped by the tree and become food for squirrels, deer, Steller's jays, etc.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Agnete Olsen
Agnete Olsen (later Granholm, 22 December 1909 – 13 September 1997) was a Danish freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics. She was born in Copenhagen and was the sister of Rigmor Olsen.
In 1924, she was a member of the Danish relay team which finished fourth in the 4×100 metre freestyle relay competition. In the 100 metre freestyle event she was eliminated in the first round. Four years later at the Amsterdam Games she was eliminated with the Danish relay team in the first round of the 4×100 metre freestyle relay competition. In the 100 metre freestyle event she was eliminated in the semi-finals.

Swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which was established in 1912. The competition was held on Thursday 9 August 1928.

The United States replaced two swimmers between the semi-finals and the final, while France replaced one. Thirty-one swimmers from seven nations competed.

Note: The International Olympic Committee medal database shows only these four swimmers from the United States as gold medalist. Susan Laird and Josephine McKim both swam in the semi-final are not credited with medals.
DeepSeek (chatbot)
DeepSeek is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by the Chinese company DeepSeek. Released on 20 January 2025, DeepSeek-R1 surpassed ChatGPT as the most downloaded freeware app on the iOS App Store in the United States by 27 January. DeepSeek's success against larger and more established rivals has been described as "upending AI" and initiating "a global AI space race". DeepSeek's compliance with Chinese government censorship policies and its data collection practices have also raised concerns over privacy and information control in the model, prompting regulatory scrutiny in multiple countries. However, it has also been praised for its open weights and infrastructure code, energy efficiency and contributions to open-source artificial intelligence.

Open-source artificial intelligence
Open-source artificial intelligence, as defined by the Open Source Initiative, is an AI system that is freely available to use, study, modify, and share. This includes datasets used to train the model, its code, and model parameters, promoting a collaborative and transparent approach to AI development so someone could create a substantially similar result.

The debate over what should count as ‘open-source’ given a range of openness among AI projects has been significant. Some large language models touted as open-sourced that only release model-weights (but not training data and code) have been criticized as "openwashing" systems that are mostly closed.

Popular open-source artificial intelligence project categories include large language models, machine translation tools, and chatbots. Debate over the benefits and risks of open-sourced AI involve a range of factors like security, privacy and technological advancement.
Portales metro station
Portales is a station on Line 2 of the Mexico City Metro system. It is located in the Colonia Albert and Colonia Portales neighborhoods of the Benito Juárez borough of Mexico City, directly south of the city centre in the median of Calzada de Tlalpan. It is a surface station.

Benito Juárez, Mexico City
Benito Juárez (Spanish: [beˈnito ˈxwaɾes] ⓘ), is a borough (demarcación territorial) in Mexico City. It is a largely residential area, located to the south of historic center of Mexico City, although there are pressures for areas to convert to commercial use. It was named after Benito Juárez, president in the 19th century.

The borough has the highest socioeconomic index in the country as it is primarily populated by the middle- and upper-middle classes. The borough is home to a number of landmarks such as the World Trade Center Mexico City, the Estadio Azul, the Plaza México and the Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros.
Bravery Meeting 71 (Australia)
The Bravery Council of Australia Meeting 71 Honours List was announced by the Governor General of Australia on 17 August 2009.

Awards were announced for 
the Star of Courage,
the Bravery Medal,
Commendation for Brave Conduct and
Group Bravery Citation.

† indicates an award made posthumously.

Commendation for Brave Conduct
The Commendation for Brave Conduct is a bravery decoration awarded to Australians. It is awarded for an act of bravery that is worthy of recognition. The Commendation for Brave Conduct was created in February 1975. It is awarded by the governor-general of Australia, on the recommendation of the Australian Bravery Decorations Council. The decorations recognise acts of bravery by members of the community who selflessly put themselves in jeopardy to protect the lives or property of others. It is ranked fourth in the Australian bravery decoration in the Australian Honours System.
Gerard Conyers
Sir Gerard Conyers (1649 – 20 July 1737) was an English banker and Lord Mayor of London.

He was Deputy Governor of the Bank of England from 1715 to 1717 and Governor from 1717 to 1719, replacing Sir Peter Delmé and being succeeded in turn by John Hanger.

He was elected alderman for Broad St ward in the City of London, appointed joint Sheriff of the City of London in 1716 and chosen Lord Mayor in 1722. As Lord Mayor he decreed that “all carts, coaches and other carriages coming out of Southwark into this City do keep all along the west side of the said bridge: and all carts and coaches going out of the City do keep along the east side of the said bridge”, thus helping to establish the British custom of driving on the left.

He was President of St. Thomas's Hospital from 1733 to 1737.

He lived at Sheen House, East Sheen from 1707 to his death.

Governor of the Bank of England
The governor of the Bank of England is the most senior position in the Bank of England. It is nominally a civil service post, but the appointment tends to be from within the bank, with the incumbent choosing and mentoring a successor. The governor of the Bank of England is also chairman of the Monetary Policy Committee, with a major role in guiding national economic and monetary policy, and is therefore one of the most important public officials in the United Kingdom.

According to the original charter of 27 July 1694 the bank's affairs would be supervised by a governor, a deputy governor, and 24 directors. In its current incarnation, the bank's Court of Directors has 12 (or up to 14) members, of whom five are various designated executives of the bank.

The 121st and current governor is Andrew Bailey, who began his term in March 2020.
1990 Commonwealth Games
The 1990 Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1990 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Auckland, New Zealand from, 24 January – 3 February 1990. It was the 14th Commonwealth Games, and part of New Zealand's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations.

Participants competed in ten sports: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting and weightlifting. Judo (which had been a demonstration sport in 1986) and Gymnastics (last held in 1978) were added as events by the New Zealand organising committee, effectively replacing wrestling, which was dropped from the Games for the first time and rowing which had been held for the last time.

Netball and the Triathlon were demonstration events.

Rowing at the Commonwealth Games
Rowing is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1930. It was held at every edition from 1938 to 1962, but was not held again until 1986, and has not been part of the Games program since. It is an optional sport and may, or may not, be included in the sporting programme of future editions of the Games.

A separate event, the Commonwealth Rowing Championships, has been held in Commonwealth Games years since 2002. Commonwealth Rowing Regatta events were also held in 1994 and 1999.
Jeff Whitty
Jeffrey Daniel Whitty (born September 30, 1971) is an American playwright, actor, and screenwriter.

For the stage musical Avenue Q, he won the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical.

For his work on the Fox Searchlight film Can You Ever Forgive Me? (2018), he was nominated for the BAFTA and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and won numerous awards including the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay, AARP's Movies for Grownups, the Satellite Awards, and the Film Independent Spirit Awards.

Avenue Q was his first produced musical and Can You Ever Forgive Me his first produced screenplay.

Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
The Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is one of the three screenwriting Writers Guild of America Awards, focused specifically for film. The Writers Guild of America began making the distinction between an original screenplay and an adapted screenplay in 1970, when Waldo Salt, screenwriter for Midnight Cowboy, won for "Best Adapted Drama" and Arnold Schulman won "Best Adapted Comedy" for his screenplay of Goodbye, Columbus. Separate awards for dramas and comedies continued until 1984.
Hindley, Northumberland
Hindley is a small hamlet, comprising around 20 residences. It is in the parish of Stocksfield and is just to the south of Stocksfield in Northumberland with Broomley to the west and Whittonstall to the east. It is south of the River Tyne. Hindley is composed of a large house, Hindley Hall (now split up into three houses and four flats), a farm (now converted into residences) and a post box.

Gateshead
Gateshead (/ˈɡeɪts(h)ɛd/) is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank. At the 2021 census, the population was 196,151.

Historically part of County Durham, under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough, meaning it was administered independently of the county council.

The town's attractions include the twenty-metre-tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. The town shares the Millennium Bridge, Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Bette Midler (album)
Bette Midler is the second studio album by American singer Bette Midler, released in 1973 on the Atlantic Records label. Produced by Arif Mardin and Barry Manilow, Bette Midler includes Midler's interpretations of Johnny Mercer and Hoagy Carmichael's "Skylark", Berthold Brecht and Kurt Weill's "Surabaya Johnny", Bob Dylan's "I Shall Be Released" and Glenn Miller's "In the Mood" as well as a Phil Spector medley.

Bette Midler reached No. 6 on the US albums chart and was later awarded a Gold Disc by the RIAA.

The album was released on CD for the first time in 1989. A remastered version of the album was released by Atlantic Records/Warner Music in 1995.

Johnny Mercer
John Herndon Mercer (November 18, 1909 – June 25, 1976) was an American lyricist, songwriter, and singer, as well as a record label executive who co-founded Capitol Records with music industry businessmen Buddy DeSylva and Glenn E. Wallichs.

He is best known as a Tin Pan Alley lyricist, but he also composed music and was a popular singer who recorded his own as well as others' songs from the mid-1930s through the mid-1950s. Mercer's songs were among the most successful hits of the time, including "Moon River", "Days of Wine and Roses", "Autumn Leaves", and "Hooray for Hollywood". He wrote the lyrics to more than 1,500 songs, including compositions for movies and Broadway shows. He received nineteen Oscar nominations, and won four Best Original Song Oscars.
Oliver, British Columbia
Oliver is a town  near the south end of the Okanagan Valley in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada, with a population of nearly 5,000 people. It is located along the Okanagan River by Tuc-el-nuit Lake between Osoyoos and Okanagan Falls, and is labelled as the Wine Capital of Canada by Tourism British Columbia. It was once "The Home of the Cantaloupe" as well as the "Home of the International Horseshow."

The community of Oliver is made up of land governed by three different bodies: the Town of Oliver, the Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen and the Osoyoos Indian Band.

Local industries include grape and fruit production, agritourism, wine production, ranching, golfing and recreation, retail and service trades. Some of the largest employers include Osoyoos Indian Band, School District #53, Interior Health and Okanagan Tree Fruit Cooperative.

Cantaloupe
The cantaloupe (sometimes spelled cantaloup in Canadian English; less commonly cantalope in American English) (/ˈkæn.tə.loʊp/, KAN-tə-lohp or /ˈkæn.tə.luːp/, KAN-tə-loop) is a type of true melon (Cucumis melo) with sweet, aromatic, and usually orange flesh. Originally, cantaloup referred to the true cantaloupe or European cantaloupe with non- to slightly netted and often ribbed rind. Today, it also refers to the muskmelon with strongly netted rind, which is called cantaloupe in North America (hence the name American cantaloupe), rockmelon in Australia and New Zealand, and spanspek in Southern Africa. Cantaloupes range in mass from 0.5 to 5 kilograms (1 to 11 lb).
Fairview Heights station (Los Angeles Metro)
Fairview Heights station is an at-grade light rail station on the K Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located alongside Redondo Boulevard and near the intersection of Florence Avenue and West Boulevard in Inglewood but near the Hyde Park neighborhood of Los Angeles.

The station opened on October 7, 2022. Metro held a ceremonial ribbon cutting ceremony for the station on August 20, 2022.

The station incorporates artwork by the artist Kim Schoenstadt.

The Fairview Heights station will be the western trailhead of the Rail to Rail bike path.

Hyde Park, Los Angeles
Hyde Park is a neighborhood in the South region of Los Angeles, California. Formerly a separate city, it was consolidated with Los Angeles in 1923.

The commercial corridor along Crenshaw Boulevard is known as "the heart of African American commerce in Los Angeles". Destination Crenshaw is an open-air museum along Crenshaw Boulevard that celebrates African American history and culture.
Denis Pervushin
Denis Vladimirovich Pervushin (Russian: Денис Владимирович Первушин; born 18 January 1977) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is the manager of the Russia national under-16 football team.

Russia national under-17 football team
The Russia national under-17 football team, controlled by the Russian Football Union, represents Russia at the UEFA European Under-17 Championship, FIFA U-17 World Cup and international friendly match fixtures at the under-17 age level.

On 28 February 2022, accordance with a "recommendation" by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIFA and UEFA suspended the participation of Russia, including in the Qatar 2022 World Cup. The Russian Football Union unsuccessfully appealed the FIFA and UEFA bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, which upheld the bans. In October 2023, FIFA and UEFA lifted the ban on the team, allowing them to return to competitions. This was met with opposition from Ukraine and some other UEFA members. England, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, and Romania announced that they would not play the team if it was allowed back. UEFA later axed the plan.
Earnest Ross
Earnest Lee Ross Jr. (born January 27, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for Shonan United of the B.League. Born in the U.S. territory of Guam, he represents the Guam national team in international competition. He played college basketball for Auburn and Missouri before beginning his professional career in Australia in 2014. He went on to play in Denmark, New Zealand, Qatar, the NBA G League, Japan, and Mongolia.

2022 FIBA Asia Cup qualification
The 2022 FIBA Asia Cup qualification was a basketball competition that was played from February 2018 to August 2021, to determine the fifteen FIBA Asia-Oceania nations who would join the automatically qualified host Indonesia at the 2022 FIBA Asia Cup.
Wannamoisett Country Club
The Wannamoisett Country Club is a private golf course located in Rumford, Rhode Island. The course was designed by Donald Ross in 1914 and played host to the 1931 PGA Championship (which was won by Tom Creavy) and hosts the prestigious Northeast Amateur every year. This par 69 course plays 6,688 yards long from the blue tees and 6,399 yards long from the white tees. The red tees play at a par of 75 and is 5,944 yards long. The fairways are lined with very thick rough and the large, undulating greens are difficult to read. It is currently ranked as the #3 course in Rhode Island by Golf Digest.

Golf Digest
Golf Digest is a monthly golf magazine published by Warner Bros. Discovery through its TNT Sports unit. It is a generalist golf publication covering recreational golf and men's and women's competitive golf. The magazine was co-founded by William H. Davis, Howard Gill, and John F. Barnett in Chicago in 1950, moved to Connecticut in 1964 and was sold to The New York Times Company in 1969. The Times company sold their magazine division to Condé Nast in 2001. The headquarters of Golf Digest is in New York City, relocated from Connecticut. On May 13, 2019, Discovery, Inc. acquired Golf Digest from Condé Nast to integrate with GolfTV.
Mitragyna rubrostipulata
Mitragyna rubrostipulata is a tree indigenous to East Africa. It is native from Ethiopia through east-central tropical Africa (Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zaire) to Mozambique. It grows in wet forests up to 2,000 m above sea level and is abundant in swamp forests along Lake Victoria.

Freshwater swamp forest
Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests, are forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally. They normally occur along the lower reaches of rivers and around freshwater lakes. Freshwater swamp forests are found in a range of climate zones, from boreal through temperate and subtropical to tropical.
USS Toro
USS Toro (hull number SS-422), a Tench-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the toro, a name applied to various fish including the cowfish, the catalufa, and the cavallo.

Heteropriacanthus
Heteropriacanthus, the glasseyes or glass bigeyes, are a genus of the bigeye family found in all tropical seas around the world. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 50.7 cm (20.0 in) in total length.

The glasseyes has been classified in a single species, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, but recent morphological and genetic analysis indicates that glasseyes may be better divided into three species: Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Atlantic Ocean and southwest Indian Ocean), H. fulgens (northeastern Atlantic), and H. carolinus (Indo-Pacific). H.cruentatus can differentiated from the rest of its genus by looking at its caudal and anal fin in which is distinct in colour.
Baeckea leptophylla
Baeckea leptophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is native to Western Australia.

The species was first formally described in 1852 by Nikolai Turczaninow who gave it the name Harmogia leptophylla in the Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg from specimens collected by James Drummond. In 1923, Karel Domin changed the name to Baeckea leptophylla. The specific epithet (leptophylla) means "thin-leaved".

Nikolai Turczaninow
Nikolai Stepanovich Turchaninov, traditionally spelled Turczaninow (Russian: Николай Степанович Турчанинов; 1796 – 7 January 1864 [O.S. 26 December 1863]) was a Russian botanist and plant collector who first identified several genera and many species of plants.