hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quillen's lemma
In algebra, Quillen's lemma states that an endomorphism of a simple module over the enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field k is algebraic over k. In contrast to a version of Schur's lemma due to Dixmier, it does not require k to be uncountable.  Quillen's original short proof uses generic flatness.

Endomorphism
In abstract algebra, an endomorphism is a homomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. More generally in category theory, an endomorphism is a morphism from a category of objects to itself. An endomorphism that is also an isomorphism is an automorphism. For example, an endomorphism of a vector space V is a linear map f: V → V, and an endomorphism of a group G is a group homomorphism f: G → G.

In general, we can talk about endomorphisms in any category. In the category of sets, endomorphisms are functions from a set S to itself.

In any category, the composition of any two endomorphisms of X is again an endomorphism of X.  It follows that the set of all endomorphisms of X forms a monoid, the full transformation monoid, and denoted End(X) (or EndC(X) to emphasize the category C).
The House of the Spirits (film)
The House of the Spirits (Danish: Åndernes hus) is a 1993 historical drama film written and directed by Bille August and starring Jeremy Irons, Meryl Streep, Glenn Close, Winona Ryder, Antonio Banderas and Vanessa Redgrave. The supporting cast includes María Conchita Alonso, Armin Mueller-Stahl, and Jan Niklas. Based on the 1982 novel by Isabel Allende, the film follows three generations of women from a Chilean family during the country’s military dictatorship.

Although the film won several awards in Europe, including Best Film at the Lola Awards from the German Film Academy and the Robert Award from the Danish Film Academy, in America it was regarded as a critical and commercial failure.

Danish Film Academy
The Danish Film Academy (FilmAkademiet), locally known as the Danmarks Filmakademi (DFA) is a Danish organisation the promotes the film industry.

The Danish Film Academy was founded in 1982 by a number of people with professional connection to the film industry. The Academy aims to promote film as an independent art form, and its members are primarily people who work with film. The Academy's largest annual event is the Robert Award ceremony.

Jacob Neiiendam, former head of programming at Copenhagen International Film Festival from 2005 to 2007, Nordic correspondent for Screen from 1999 until 2005, and founder-director of the CPH PIX film festival (2008-2018), became chair of the academy before or during 2018. He had run the Robert Awards from 2013.
Tetris (Game Boy video game)
Tetris is a 1989 puzzle video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy. It is a portable version of Alexey Pajitnov's original Tetris and it was bundled with the North American and European releases of the Game Boy itself. It is the first game to have been compatible with the Game Link Cable, a pack-in accessory that allows two Game Boy consoles to link for multiplayer purposes. A remaster, Tetris DX, was released on the Game Boy Color in 1998. It was released for the Nintendo 3DS' Virtual Console in December 2011 without multiplayer functionality. The game was released on the Nintendo Classics service in February 2023.

Remaster
A remaster is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether audiophonic, cinematic, or videographic. The resulting product is said to be remastered. The terms digital remastering and digitally remastered are also used.

In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from remakes, based on the original.
1947 Burmese general election
General elections were held in Burma on 9 April 1947 to form the basis of a constituent assembly that would design a constitution once independence from the United Kingdom had been achieved. They were the first elections in Burma since its separation from India under the British Raj. Voter turnout was 49.8%. However, Aung San was assassinated three months later, resulting in U Nu becoming the first Prime Minister of Burma.

Ba Maw
Ba Maw (Burmese: ဘမော်, pronounced [ba̰ mɔ̀]; 8 February 1893 – 29 May 1977), known honorifically as Dr. Ba Maw, was a Burmese lawyer and politician, active during the interwar period and Second World War. He was the first Burma Premier (1937–1939) and head of State of Burma from 1943 to 1945.
Sarah Gronert
Sarah Gronert (born 6 July 1986) is a German former professional tennis player. She won a total of ten titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career and her best WTA ranking of 164 came on 14 May 2012.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Abstract economy
In theoretical economics, an abstract economy (also called a generalized N-person game) is a model that generalizes both the standard model of an exchange economy in microeconomics, and the standard model of a game in game theory. An equilibrium in an abstract economy generalizes both a Walrasian equilibrium in microeconomics, and a Nash equilibrium in game-theory.

The concept was introduced by Gérard Debreu in 1952. He named it generalized N-person game, and proved the existence of equilibrium in this game.  Later, Debreu and Kenneth Arrow (who renamed the concept to abstract economy) used this existence result to prove the existence of a Walrasian equilibrium (aka competitive equilibrium) in the Arrow–Debreu model. Later, Shafer and Sonnenschein extended both theorems to irrational agents - agents with non-transitive and non-complete preferences.

Closed graph property
In mathematics, particularly in functional analysis and topology, closed graph is a property of functions. A real function  is closed if the graph is closed, meaning that it contains all of its limit points.  Every such continuous function has a closed graph, but the converse is not necessarily true.

More generally, a function f : X → Y between topological spaces has a closed graph if its graph is a closed subset of the product space X × Y.

This property is studied because there are many theorems, known as closed graph theorems, giving conditions under which a function with a closed graph is necessarily continuous.  One particularly well-known class of closed graph theorems are the closed graph theorems in functional analysis.
Sandrin (surname)
Sandrin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Sandrin Jr., American chess player

Daniel Sandrin (Lee Dong-jun), American-born South Korean basketball player

Eric Sandrin (Lee Seung-jun), American-born South Korean basketball player

Hermance Sandrin (Hermance Lesguillon), French poet and novelist

Marie-Claude Sandrin, French writer

Hermance Lesguillon
Hermance Lesguillon, née Sandrin (1800 – 29 September 1882) was a 19th-century French poet and novelist. She used the synonyms Madame Hermance and Hermance Sandrin.

She was the wife of Jean-Pierre Lesguillon (1800–1873), and like him, she produced verse and many novels.

She survived her husband by several years and when she died, she bequeathed most of her fortune to the Société des gens de lettres (Society of People of Letters of France).

She is buried with her husband at Père Lachaise Cemetery (49th division).
Toyin Falola
Toyin Omoyeni Falolalistenⓘ (born 1 January 1953) is a Nigerian historian and professor of African Studies. Falola is a Fellow of the Historical Society of Nigeria and of the Nigerian Academy of Letters, and has served as the president of the African Studies Association. He is currently the Jacob and  Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
Liberate the People
Liberate the People (French: Libérer le peuple; Wolof: Yewwi Askan Wi, YAW) was a Senegalese political coalition led by Ousmane Sonko. The coalition was opposed to former President Macky Sall and allied against him with the Wallu Sénégal alliance led by the Democratic Party of Senegal.

The party participated in the 2022 local elections, winning in several major cities, including Dakar. After the 2022 national election the coalition became the second biggest in the National Assembly and the main opposition force against Macky Sall obtaining 56 seats.

Senegalese Democratic Party
The Senegalese Democratic Party (French: Parti démocratique sénégalais) is a political party in Senegal.  The party considers itself a liberal party and is a member of the Liberal International. Abdoulaye Wade, who was President of Senegal from 2000 to 2012, is the party's leader. The PDS ruled together with smaller parties as part of the Sopi Coalition. Since Wade's defeat in the 2012 presidential election, the PDS has been the main opposition party.
Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
The Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CDUTCM; 成都中医药大学) is a provincial public medical university in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Sichuan, and co-sponsored by the provincial government, the Ministry of Education, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction. Founded 1956, the university is one of the four earliest traditional Chinese medicine colleges established after the Chinese Civil War.

National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
The National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM; Chinese: 国家中医药管理局) is a national bureau of the People's Republic of China under the management of the National Health Commission, responsible for the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine industry.

The current director is Yu Yanhong.
Daniel Ståhl
Daniel Ståhl (born 27 August 1992) is a Swedish athlete specialising in the discus throw. He is an Olympic gold medalist (2020 Tokyo) and a three-time world champion (2019 Doha, 2023 Budapest, 2025 Tokyo), setting the new championships record (71.46 m; 234 ft 5 in) in Budapest.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics were held during the last ten days of the Games. They were due to be held from 31 July – 9 August 2020, at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, Japan.  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the games were postponed to 2021, with the track and field events set for 30 July – 8 August. The sport of athletics at these Games was split into three distinct sets of events: track and field events, remaining in Tokyo, and road running events and racewalking events, moved to Sapporo. A total of 48 events were held, one more than in 2016, with the addition of a mixed relay event.
The Orchid Album
The Orchid Album, Comprising Coloured Figures and Descriptions of New, Rare, and Beautiful Orchidaceous Plants, known as The Orchid Album, is a horticultural work by Robert Warner and Benjamin Samuel Williams of eleven volumes published between 1872 and 1897 and illustrated by John Nugent Fitch and by Gertrude Hamilton.

Benjamin Samuel Williams
Benjamin Samuel Williams (2 March 1822 – 24 June 1890), English orchidologist and nurseryman in London, known mainly for his horticultural notes on orchids in publications such as The Orchid Grower's Manual (London 1852, 7th ed. 1894), Select Orchidaceous Plants (London 1862 onwards) and The Orchid Album (London 1882–97).
Acrobatic gymnastics at the 2001 World Games
The acrobatic gymnastics tournaments at the 2001 World Games in Akita was played between 19 and 21 August. 75 acrobatic gymnastics competitors, from 11 nations, participated in the tournament. The acrobatic gymnastics competition took place at Akita City Gymnasium.

Akita (city)
Akita (秋田市, Akita-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital and most populous city of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and has been designated a core city since 1 April 1997. As of 1 August 2023, the city has an estimated population of 300,502 persons in 136,628 households and a population density of 332 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 906.07 square kilometres (349.84 sq mi).
Hans-Uwe Pilz
Hans-Uwe Pilz (born 10 November 1958) is a German former footballer.

He began his career with BSG Sachsenring Zwickau before joining Dynamo Dresden during the winter break of the 1981–82 season. He remained at Dynamo until German reunification when he moved west, following teammates Matthias Döschner and Andreas Trautmann to Fortuna Köln. However, he returned to Dynamo after a few months, and would play for the club until 1995, including four years in the Bundesliga. After the club suffered a double relegation in 1995, Pilz returned to FSV Zwickau, before retiring in 1997. He later had two brief spells as manager at Zwickau. During his career he won 35 caps for East Germany.

East Germany national football team
The East Germany national football team, recognised as Germany DR by FIFA, represented East Germany in men's international football, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.

East Germany qualified for the World Cup once, doing so in 1974, and after German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fußball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) and the West Germany national football team that had just won the World Cup.
Committee for State Security of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Committee for State Security of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (KGB of the BSSR; Belarusian: Камітэт дзяржаўнай бяспекі Беларускай ССР; Russian: Комитет государственной безопасности Белорусской ССР) was the main state security organization in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. It was a branch of the Committee for State Security of USSR.

Secret police
Secret police (or political police) are government agencies that operate as secret services engaging in covert operations against a government's political, ideological or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of police states governed by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization.
Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 2025–26
The Australian cricket team toured New Zealand in October 2025 to play the New Zealand cricket team. The tour consisted of three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. The teams competed for the Chappell–Hadlee Trophy. In June 2025, the New Zealand Cricket (NZC) confirmed the fixtures for the tour, as a part of the 2025–26 home international season. All the matches were played at the Bay Oval in Mount Maunganui, Tauranga.

New Zealand Cricket
New Zealand Cricket, formerly the New Zealand Cricket Council, is the governing body for professional cricket in New Zealand. Cricket is the most popular and highest profile summer sport in New Zealand.

New Zealand Cricket operates the New Zealand cricket team, organising Test tours and One-Day Internationals with other nations. It also organises domestic cricket in New Zealand, including the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy men's domestic one-day competition, the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield women's domestic one-day competition, as well as the Men's Super Smash and Women's Super Smash domestic Twenty20 competitions.

Scott Weenink is the Chief Executive Officer of New Zealand Cricket. Tom Latham is the current Blackcaps Test captain, succeeding Tim Southee who still represents the team. Sophie Devine is the current White Ferns captain.
91-93 Fifth Avenue
40°44′16″N 73°59′32″W﻿ / ﻿40.737703°N 73.992207°W﻿ / 40.737703; -73.992207

91-93 Fifth Avenue is an eight-story store and loft building between 16th and 17th Streets in the Ladies’ Mile Historic District of Manhattan in New York City. The building was designed by Louis Korn for Henry and Samuel Corn and built between 1895 and 1896. Previous tenants include the Oxford University Press (1900, 1905) and Clarendon Press (1905).

Ladies' Mile Historic District
The Ladies' Mile Historic District was a prime shopping district in Manhattan, New York City, at the end of the 19th century, serving the well-to-do "carriage trade" of the city. It was designated in May 1989, by the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission to preserve an irregular district of 440 buildings on 28 blocks and parts of blocks, from roughly 15th Street to 24th Street and from Park Avenue South to west of the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue). Community groups such as the Drive to Protect the Ladies' Mile District and the Historic Districts Council campaigned heavily for the status.

The Ladies' Mile Historic District contains mostly multi-story store and loft buildings. These buildings became common after 1899 when laws prohibited combined home and production areas without a permit, causing people who had previously worked at home to seek commercial spaces; the rise of unions which advocated for better working conditions also contributed to the development.
Gael Linn Cup 1961
The 1961 Gael Linn Cup is a representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Munster, who defeated Connacht in the final, played at Pearse Park Galway.

Gael Linn Cup
The Gael Linn Cup is a biennial tournament, representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, contested by Ireland's four provincial teams with competitions at senior and junior level on alternate years. The tournament has existed in various guides since 1956, currently the senior tournament is played in even years and the junior tournament in odd years. An inter-provincial colleges competition is also played at secondary school/high school level.
Tolly Lights
Tolly Lights (Bengali: টলি লাইট  "Tolly Lights") is a 2008 Bengali-language Indian film directed by Arjun Chakraborty and starring Sreelekha Mitra, Abhishek Chatterjee, Priyadarshini Chatterjee and Arjun Chakraborty. It is based on the novel Rangeen Prithibi by Suchitra Bhattacharya.

Abhishek Chatterjee
Abhishek Chatterjee (30 April 1964 – 24 March 2022) was an Indian actor who was known for his work in Bengali cinema. He made his big screen debut alongside veterans such as Sandhya Roy, Prosenjit Chatterjee, Tapas Paul and Utpal Dutt with the Bengali film Pathbhola (1986) directed by Tarun Majumdar. His notable works include Lathi by Prabhat Roy, Bakul Priya By Swapan Saha, Pabitra Papi, Sajoni Aamar Sohag and Chaowa Pawa.
Carlos Gomes (Brazilian politician)
Antônio Carlos Gomes da Silva (born 13 June 1972) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2015. From 2007 to 2014, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Carl Johan Adlercreutz
Carl Johan Adlercreutz (27 April 1757 – 21 August 1815) was a Swedish general and statesman, born in Borgå (Porvoo), Finland on family estates. Entering the Swedish army aged 13 in the Finnish Light Cavalry Brigade, he was present when Gustav III launched his coup-d’etat. He studied military theory in Stockholm.

In 1777 he joined the Savo Brigade guarding the Finnish border against Russian aggression. Adlercreutz first saw action in the 1788–1790 Russo-Swedish War, where he distinguished himself. He was promoted Major in 1791 and Squadron Commander 1792. During the Anjala conspiracy he remained faithful to the King, standing against the war with Russia, then took part in the trials against the conspirators. He was thereafter appointed the commanding officer of the Nyland Dragoons, holding this post until 1804, when he was made Ofverste (Colonel-in-Chief) of the newly raised Adlercreutz Regiment.

Anjala League
The Anjala League (Swedish: Anjalaförbundet, Finnish: Anjalan liitto) of 1788 was a scheme by disgruntled Swedish officers to end Gustav III's Russian War of 1788–1790. Declaring Finland an independent state was not a part of the original plot, but one of the conspirators Johan Anders Jägerhorn, who handed the note to Empress Catherine the Great, made such claims in Saint Petersburg.
Nova Cerkev
Nova Cerkev (pronounced [ˈnɔːʋa ˈtseːrkɛu̯]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Hudinja River northwest of Vojnik off the main road to Velenje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Hudinja (river)
The Hudinja (pronounced [xuˈdiːnja]) is a river in Styria, Slovenia. The river is 32 kilometres (20 mi) in length. Its source is on the Pohorje Massif southwest of Mount Rogla, about 1,380 metres (4,530 ft) above sea level, near the source of Dravinja River. The river passes Vitanje, Socka Castle, Vojnik, and Celje, where it flows into the Voglajna. A district of Celje also named Hudinja lies on the river.
Asayish (Kurdistan Region)
Asayish (Kurdish: ئاسایش, romanized: Asayîş, lit. 'security') is the domestic security agency of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The organization was established in September 1993 and has been often referred to as an intelligence agency, security force, security service, security, secret service, secret police, or just "Kurdish police". It is distinct from the region's Kurdish police force but shares some responsibilities with it.

The Asayish is divided into two branches: one affiliated with the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), which primarily operates in Erbil and Duhok, and another affiliated with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), which mainly operates in Sulaymaniyah and Halabja. The Asayish coordinates and shares information with its sister organization, the Kurdistan Region’s investigative and foreign intelligence agency, Parastin u Zanyari.

Erbil Governorate
Erbil Governorate (Kurdish: پارێزگای ھەولێر, romanized: Parêzgeha Hewlêr; Arabic: محافظة أربيل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Arbīl) is a governorate of Iraq in the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region. Its capital is Erbil.