hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clifton Rugby
Clifton Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union club founded in Clifton, Bristol. Over the years the club's home games have been played in a variety of locations in northern Bristol, though never in Clifton itself; since 1976 they have been based at the southern end of Cribbs Causeway. Clifton RFC currently play in National League 1 in the third tier of the English rugby union system following their promotion from the 2024–25 National League 2 West.

National League 1
National One, up until 2023 known as National League 1 and previously known before September 2009 as National Division Two), is the third of three national leagues in the domestic rugby union competition of England. It was known as Courage League National Division Three when it was founded in 1987. Richmond are the current champions.

The Rugby Football Union (RFU) approved a new structure for the National Leagues from the 2022–23 season. This division was reduced to fourteen teams, playing each other on a home and away basis to make a total of 26 matches each.
The Courtesans Reply
The Courtesans Reply is a poetry pamphlet written by Shazea Quraishi, published as part of flipped eye publishing’s flap series. The work is no. 7 in the series. Quraishi’s poetry has been published in UK and US anthologies and journals, including Ten (Bloodaxe), The Financial Times, Poetry Review, Modern Poetry in Translation and PN Review.

The Courtesans Reply is a long poem sequence voiced by Indian courtesans. The work consists of 16 poems divided into two parts. The collection draws inspiration from the monologue plays of The Caturbhānī and The Complete Kāma Sūtra, and from historical findings. The poems detail the relationships between the courtesans and their lovers, as well as traditional activities performed by the courtesans, such as dancing and storytelling. The collection is currently being adapted as a play, and is also included in Quraishi's second work, The Art of Scratching.

P. N. Review
P. N. Review is a periodic publication in the United Kingdom, on the subject of poetry. Each issue includes an editorial, letters, news and notes, articles, interviews, features, poems, translations, and a substantial book review section. It is indexed by the Modern Language Association.

In 1973, P. N. Review launched as a twice-yearly hardback under the title Poetry Nation, founded by Michael Schmidt and Professor Brian Cox at the Victoria University of Manchester. It began being published quarterly in 1976 as an A4 paperback. At this time, the title changed to P. N. Review, and Cox and Schmidt were joined on the editorial board by Professor Donald Davie and C. H. Sisson. Brian Cox retired, followed some years later by Donald Davie and C. H. Sisson. Since 1981, it has been published six times per year. Two hundred and twenty-five issues of the magazine appeared as of the September–October 2015 number.
Luff Nunatak
Luff Nunatak (71°6′S 71°28′E﻿ / ﻿71.100°S 71.467°E﻿ / -71.100; 71.467) is a narrow nunatak, 3 nautical miles (6 km) long, located west of Foster Nunatak in the Manning Nunataks of Antarctica, in the eastern part of the Amery Ice Shelf. The Manning Nunataks were photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47) and the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) (1957). They were visited by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1965 and ANARE in 1969. The nunatak was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for T.S. Luff, a senior diesel mechanic at Mawson Station in 1970, and a member of the ANARE glaciological traverse party on the Amery Ice Shelf in January 1970.

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
VOC exempt solvent
VOC exempt solvents are organic compounds that are exempt from restrictions placed on most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the United States. This class of solvent currently includes acetone, dimethyl carbonate, methyl acetate, parachlorobenzotrifluoride (Oxsol 100), tert-Butyl acetate, and propylene carbonate. The definition is often that they do not contribute to ozone or ozone depletion.

Dimethyl carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH3)2.  It is a colourless, flammable liquid.  It is classified as a carbonate ester. This compound has found use as a methylating agent and as a co-solvent in lithium-ion batteries. Notably, dimethyl carbonate is a weak methylating agent, and is not considered as a carcinogen. Instead, dimethyl carbonate is often considered to be a green reagent,
and it is exempt from the restrictions placed on most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the United States.
Elisabeth Demleitner
Elisabeth Demleitner (born 23 September 1952 in Kochel am See) is a West German luger who competed during the 1970s and early 1980s. Competing in three Winter Olympics, she won the bronze medal in the women's singles event at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

Demleitner also won four medals in the women's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with one gold (1971), two silvers (1974, 1979), and one bronze (1970). Additionally, she won three medals in the women's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with two golds (1977, 1978) and one silver (1972).

FIL European Luge Championships
The FIL European Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place since 1914. From 1914 to 1934, these championships were part of the Internationaler Schlittensportsverband (ISSV - International Sled Sport Federation in (in German)). From 1935 to 1956, the championships were held under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobagganing Federation in (in French)). Since 1962, the event has been under the auspices of the FIL and has been held in even-numbered years since 1980. Since 2012, it is held annually within a preselected World Cup stages in the so-called race-in-race mode. The results of non-European athletes at these World Cup stages are not counted for European Championships standings.

For information on natural track luge championships in Europe, please see FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships, which have been contested since 1970.
Blow the Wind: Pie Jesu
Blow the Wind: Pie Jesu is a piece by Jocelyn Pook with vocals by Pook, Kathleen Ferrier and Melanie Pappenheim. Composed in 1994, it first appeared on the album The Best...Classical Album in the World...Ever!.

Melanie Pappenheim
Melanie Pappenheim (born 1959) is an English soprano and composer, notable for her vocal work with various British cross-disciplinary composers, with avant-garde theatre companies and on soundtracks (notably for several films and the 2005 revival of Doctor Who).
Photoautotroph
Photoautotrophs are organisms that can utilize light energy from sunlight, and elements (such as carbon) from inorganic compounds, to produce organic materials needed to sustain their own metabolism (i.e. autotrophy). Such biological activities are known as photosynthesis, and examples of such organisms include plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

Eukaryotic photoautotrophs absorb photonic energy through the photopigment chlorophyll (a porphyrin derivative) in their endosymbiont chloroplasts, while prokaryotic photoautotrophs use chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls present in free-floating cytoplasmic thylakoids. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform oxygenic photosynthesis that produces oxygen as a byproduct, while some bacteria perform anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Porphyrin
Porphyrins (/ˈpɔːrfərɪns/ POR-fər-ins) are heterocyclic, macrocyclic, organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (=CH−). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, which is a component of hemoproteins, whose functions include carrying oxygen in the bloodstream. In plants, an essential porphyrin derivative is chlorophyll, which is involved in light harvesting and electron transfer in photosynthesis.

The parent of porphyrins is porphine, a rare chemical compound of exclusively theoretical interest. Substituted porphines are called porphyrins. With a total of 26 π-electrons the porphyrin ring structure is a coordinated aromatic system. One result of the large conjugated system is that porphyrins absorb strongly in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. they are deeply colored. The name "porphyrin" derives from Greek  πορφύρα (porphyra) 'purple'.
Adolf Stelzer
Adolf Stelzer (1 September 1908 – 30 April 1977) was a Swiss footballer who played for Switzerland in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. He also played for FC Zürich, FC Lausanne-Sport, and FC La Chaux-de-Fonds.

1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II.
Smscoin
SMSCOIN is a mobile payment systems provider which specializes in SMS payments in particular, and provides premium SMS services in 92 countries supporting hundreds of mobile carrier networks worldwide. The main goal of the project was, and still is, to cover as many countries worldwide as possible.

Content management system
A content management system (CMS) is a computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content (content management).
It is typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM). ECM typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment, by integrating document management, digital asset management, and record retention. Alternatively, WCM is the collaborative authoring for websites and may include text and embed graphics, photos, video, audio, maps, and program code that display content and interact with the user. ECM typically includes a WCM function.
I-Mobile
Samart I-Mobile Public Company Limited (Thai: บริษัท สามารถ ไอ-โมบาย จำกัด (มหาชน) ) or simply I-Mobile (ไอ-โมบาย) was a Thai mobile phone company. It was a subsidiary of Samart Group. It was one of leading local mobile phone brands in Thailand. The company was founded in 1995 and was headquartered in Nonthaburi, Thailand. I-Mobile smartphones run on Android OS.

I-Mobile had own stores called "i-mobile by SAMART" to distribute IT devices, mobile phones, accessories, SIM cards, and provide after sales services nationwide. In 2014, it had the fourth largest market share with 9.2 percent of mobile phones in Thailand. The market was expanding from Thailand to overseas markets in Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Laos, Hong Kong, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.

In 2017, I-Mobile decided to liquidate the business after a loss for a period of 2–3 years consecutively and focusing on operating a digital business instead.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.
Hart 420 engine
The Hart 420R and the Hart 420S are four-stroke, naturally aspirated, 2.0 L (120 cu in), four-cylinder engine, designed, developed and made by Hart Racing Engines, and tuned by Brian Hart, for Formula 2 and sports prototype racing applications, between 1975 and 1980. The 420R is based on the Cosworth FVA, while the 420S is based on the Cosworth BDG, with the design knowledge being taken and used on both. The Hart 420R F2 engine owes much to the Cosworth BDA series, being essentially an aluminium-block derivative using similar heads. Both the 420R and 420S were naturally-aspirated, 2-litre, 16-valve DOHC, fuel-injected, straight-four engines. Displacement is 1,994 cc (121.7 cu in), and maximum power output is between 290–305 hp (216–227 kW; 294–309 PS) at 9,500 rpm, with the motor being failsafe to just over 10,000 rpm. The bore is 93.5 mm (3.68 in), and the stroke is 72.6 mm (2.86 in).

Revolutions per minute
Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines.
One revolution per minute is equivalent to ⁠1/60⁠ hertz.
Cytoplasmic incompatibility
Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a mating incompatibility reported in many arthropod species that is caused by intracellular parasites such as Wolbachia. These bacteria reside in the cytoplasm of the host cells (hence the name cytoplasmic incompatibility) and modify their hosts' sperm in a way that leads to embryo death unless this modification is 'rescued' by the same bacteria in the eggs. CI has been reported in many insect species (including amongst many others mosquitoes, Drosophila fruit flies, flour beetles, snout moths and parasitoid wasps), as well as in mites and woodlice. Aside from Wolbachia, CI can be induced by the bacteria Cardinium, Rickettsiella, Candidatus Mesenet longicola and Spiroplasma. CI is currently being exploited as a mechanism for Wolbachia-mediated disease control in mosquitoes.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Tzere
Tzere (also spelled Tsere, Tzeirei, Zere, Zeire, Ṣērê; modern Hebrew: צֵירֵי, IPA: [tseˈʁe], sometimes also written צירה‎; formerly צֵרֵי‎ ṣērê) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by two horizontally-aligned dots "◌ֵ" underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, tzere is mostly pronounced the same as segol and indicates the phoneme /e̞/, which is the same as the "e" sound in the vowel segol and is transliterated as an "e". There was a distinction in Tiberian Hebrew between segol and Tzere.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
Nikep, Maryland
Nikep (originally known as Pekin) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 95.
Nikep is located in the Georges Creek Valley of western Allegany County, along the old route of Maryland Route 36. Lonaconing is 1.6 miles (2.6 km) to the northeast, and Westernport is 6.6 miles (10.6 km) to the southwest.

The name Nikep was given to the first post office established in the community, because Pekin was already in use at another post office (Pekin, Indiana).

Lonaconing, Maryland
Lonaconing is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States, located along the Georges Creek Valley. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Lonaconing had a population of 1,001.
Croatia–NATO relations
The accession of Croatia to NATO took place in 2009. The country entered into Partnership for Peace in 2000, which began the process of accession into the alliance. It received an invitation to join at the 2008 Bucharest summit and became a full member on April 1, 2009.

2008 Bucharest NATO summit
The 2008 Bucharest Summit was a NATO summit organized in the Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest, Romania on 2 – 4 April 2008.

Among other business, Croatia and Albania were invited to join the Alliance. The Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) was not invited to join NATO due to its ongoing naming dispute with Greece. Georgia and Ukraine had hoped to join the NATO Membership Action Plan, but, while welcoming the two countries’ aspirations for membership and agreeing that "these countries will become members of NATO", the NATO members decided to review their request in December 2008.
Revesz syndrome
Revesz syndrome is a fatal disease that causes exudative retinopathy and bone marrow failure.  Other symptoms include severe aplastic anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, fine sparse hair, fine reticulate skin pigmentation, ataxia due to cerebellar hypoplasia, and cerebral calcifications. Its effects are similar to that of Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. It is a variant of dyskeratosis congenita.

Ataxia
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.

These nervous-system dysfunctions occur in several different patterns, with different results and different possible causes. Ataxia can be limited to one side of the body, which is referred to as hemiataxia. Friedreich's ataxia has gait abnormality as the most commonly presented symptom. Dystaxia is a mild degree of ataxia.
Boginja Vas
Boginja Vas (pronounced [bɔˈɡiːnja ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Boginja vas) is a small settlement south of Gradac in the Municipality of Metlika in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The entire area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Metlika
The Municipality of Metlika (pronounced [mɛˈtliːka] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Metlika) is a municipality in the traditional region of Lower Carniola in southeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Metlika. Metlika became a municipality in 1994. It borders Croatia.
Balša Hercegović
Balša Petar Hercegović (Serbian Cyrillic: Балша Петар Херцеговић, c. 1458 - c. 1514) was the titular "Duke of St. Sava" (Latin: dux sancti Sabae), as son of duke Vladislav Hercegović and Byzantine princess Anna Kantakouzene. He was born before the Ottoman conquest of the Bosnian Kingdom (1463). Sometime c. 1460, Vladislav sent Anna and their children to live in the Republic of Ragusa. His father was given the estate of Kalnik near Križevci, Croatia in 1469 by king Matthias Corvinus. Balša joined his father and remained in Hungary, where he was later active at the court of king Vladislaus II.

Historian D. Lovrenović noted that it was possible that he was Jelena Nelipić's son.

Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian and Latin; Raguxa in Venetian) in South Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) in Southern Europe that carried that name from 1358 until 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire and formally annexed by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1808. By then it had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls. Its motto was "Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro", a Latin phrase which can be translated as "Liberty is not well sold for all the gold".
Williams Nunatak
Williams Nunatak (66°26′S 110°43′E﻿ / ﻿66.433°S 110.717°E﻿ / -66.433; 110.717) is a small coastal nunatak just east of the Windmill Islands, standing at the south side of the terminus of Peterson Glacier where it faces on Penney Bay. First mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in February 1947. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Calvin E. Williams, member of one of the two U.S. Navy Operation Windmill photographic units which obtained ground and aerial photographic coverage of this area in January 1948.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Williams Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying Group E
Group E of the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying competition consists of five teams: Scotland, Finland, Portugal, Albania, and Cyprus. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 21 February 2019, 13:30 CET (UTC+1), at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

The group is played in home-and-away round-robin format between August 2019 and December 2020. The group winners and the three best runners-up among all nine groups (not counting results against the sixth-placed team) qualify directly for the final tournament, while the remaining six runners-up advance to the play-offs.

On 17 March 2020, all matches were put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Portugal women's national football team
The Portugal women's national football team (Portuguese: Seleção Portuguesa de Futebol Feminino) represents Portugal in international women's football competition. The team is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) and competes as a member of UEFA in various international football tournaments such as the FIFA Women's World Cup, UEFA Women's Euro, the Summer Olympics, and the Algarve Cup.