hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alapaʻi
Alapaʻi (full name: Alapaʻinuiakauaua; also known as Alapaʻi I or Alapaʻi Nui, "Alapaʻi the Great") (died 1754) was aliʻi nui of Hawaiʻi. He was a usurper to the throne, but was considered a good ruler, one who loved the common people, although there is a story that he was responsible for the death of Keōua, the first aliʻi nui of unified Hawaiʻi. Alapaʻi's title in Hawaiian was aliʻi nui.

Keōua
Keōua Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui Ahilapalapa, sometimes called Keōua Nui ("Keōua the Great") (died c. 1750s–1760s) was an Ancient Hawaiian noble and the father of Kamehameha I, the first King of united Hawaiʻi. He was progenitor of the House of Keōua Nui. His first name Keoua, or Ke-ao-ua means "the rain cloud" and was given to him by his subjects because of his generosity and his sacred kapu of the heavenly rains.
Enshi railway station
Enshi railway station (Chinese: 恩施站), is a  railway station  in Enshi City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. It is part of the Yichang–Wanzhou railway.

On 22 December 2012, the Yichang–Wanzhou railway started operations, with the maiden journey from Enshi railway station to Yichang city.

The station is close to Enshi Xujiaping Airport, but is not connected.

Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 恩施土家族苗族自治州; pinyin: Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu) is located in the mountainous southwestern corner of Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It forms Hubei's southwestern "panhandle", bordering on Hunan in the south and Chongqing Municipality in the west and northwest. The Yangtze River crosses the prefecture's northeastern corner in Badong County.
Mark A. Huselid
Mark A. Huselid (born 1961) is a university professor, workforce management specialist, book author, and business consultant. He is the Distinguished Professor of Workforce Analytics at D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University. He has authored research papers and books regarded as seminal to establishing a strategic link between human resource management and business performance.

Workforce management
Workforce management (WFM) is an institutional process that aims to optimize the productivity, competency, and engagement of an organization's workforce. Generally this process utilizes software to plan business needs more effectively than through a spreadsheet. The process includes all activities needed to maintain a productive workforce, such as human resource management, performance and training management, budgeting, forecasting, and scheduling.

While WFM has traditionally focused on operational efficiency and cost reduction, its focus has expanded to include enhancing the employee experience (EX), particularly for frontline or hourly workers. Modern WFM systems are used as tools to improve employee engagement, provide flexible work arrangements, and reduce attrition.
Sportsguitar
Sportsguitar is a Swiss band formed in Lucerne in 1993. The band is centered on singer and guitarist Oliver Obert and guitarist Roland Saum, though Saum left Sportsguitar after their third album. Little is known of the contemporary activities of the band, as they for instance have never had a working website. However, Sportsguitar has so far released five albums and made some fuzz on the indie scene with their guitar-based, melodic, and naïve, yet profound lo-fi inspired by bands like Pavement and Television among others.

When Sportsguitar themselves had released the first album on their own label, Sub Pop Records put out a Sportsguitar 7" vinyl. The band was then signed by well-known independent label Matador Records which released their second and third albums.

Television (band)
Television was an American rock band formed in New York City in 1973. The group's most prominent lineup consisted of Tom Verlaine (vocals, guitar), Richard Lloyd (guitar), Billy Ficca (drums), and Fred Smith (bass). An early fixture of CBGB and the 1970s New York rock scene, the band is considered influential in the development of punk and alternative rock.

Although they recorded in a stripped-down, guitar-based manner similar to their punk contemporaries, Television's music was by comparison clean, improvisational, and technically proficient, drawing influence from jazz and 1960s rock. The group's 1977 debut album, Marquee Moon, is considered one of the defining releases of the punk era. The group released another album the following year titled Adventure, after which they disbanded, but reunited in 1992 to record a self-titled album. Television disbanded again two years later, but they began occasionally performing live in 2001, continuing until 2023 when Verlaine died.
Santa Rosa (Mesoamerican site)
Santa Rosa is a pre-Columbian archaeological site previously located along the Grijalva River in the current state of Chiapas, Mexico in the Chapatengo-Chejel subdistrict. It is currently inundated by water due to the construction of the Angostura dam upstream.

The site had its cultural peak during the Late Formative or Protoclassic period of Mesoamerica, between about 100 BCE and 200 CE. It was one of many ancient centers located within the Central Chiapas Depression during the Formative Period. Others include Mirador (not to be mistaken with El Mirador), Ocozocoautla, La Libertad, and Chiapa de Corzo.

Ocozocoautla de Espinosa
Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, colloquially Coita, is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is located in the western part of the state, 24 km west of Tuxtla Gutierrez covering parts of the Depresión Central (Central Depression) and the Montañas del Norte (Northern Mountains). It is bordered to the north by Tecpatán, to the east by Berriozábal, Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Suchiapa, to the south by Villaflores and to the west by Jiquipilas and Cintalapa. The name comes from the Nahua language and means 'forest of ocozote trees'. 'De Espinosa' was added in 1928 to honor Raymundo Enríquez Espinosa who was the first governor of the state of Chiapas. Ocozocoautla gained city status in 1926. The climate is warm and humid and the vegetation is mostly high and medium rainforest. In 2023, Ocozocoautla was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.
Eugene E. Pratt
Eugene E. Pratt (c. 1892 – August 28, 1970) was a justice of the Utah Supreme Court from 1939 to 1951, and was chief justice from 1949 to 1951.

Pratt received his undergraduate degree from the University of Utah, and his law degree from Stanford University.

From 1929 to 1937, Pratt served as a trial court judge in Ogden, Utah.

On January 3, 1939, Governor Henry H. Blood appointed Pratt to a seat on the state supreme court vacated by the resignation of Justice Ephraim Hanson, due to poor health. Among Pratt's law clerks was M. Blaine Peterson, who later served in the United States House of Representatives. Pratt served on the court until 1951, when he failed to regain the Democratic nomination.

Pratt died of natural causes in Miami, Florida, at the age of 78.

Utah Supreme Court
The Utah Supreme Court is the supreme court of the state of Utah, United States. It has final authority of interpretation of the Utah Constitution.  The Utah Supreme Court is composed of five members: a chief justice, an associate chief justice, and three other justices.  All justices are appointed by the governor of Utah, with confirmation by the Utah Senate. The five justices elect one of their own to serve as chief justice and another to serve as associate chief justice, each for a term of four years.
Invisible Agent
Invisible Agent is a 1942 American action and spy film directed by Edwin L. Marin with a screenplay written by Curt Siodmak. The invisible agent is played by Jon Hall, with Peter Lorre and Sir Cedric Hardwicke as members of the Axis, and Ilona Massey and Albert Basserman as Allied spies. The film is inspired by the 1897 H. G. Wells novel The Invisible Man.

Edwin L. Marin
Edwin Lawrence Marin (February 21, 1901 – May 2, 1951) was an American film director who directed 58 films between 1932 and 1951, working with Randolph Scott, Anna May Wong, John Wayne, Peter Lorre, George Raft, Bela Lugosi, Judy Garland, Eddie Cantor, Hoagy Carmichael, and others.
Shaheed-e Kufa
The Martyr of Kufa (Persian: شهید کوفه, romanized: Shaheed-e Kufa) original title Imam Ali (امام علی) is an Iranian epic television series focusing on the life of Ali ibn Abi Talib, directed by Davood Mirbagheri, and originally broadcast in 1992 in 22 episodes. It was subsequently released on DVD, with other editions including one with English sub-titles, and one dubbed into Urdu. The series covers the events before the caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib to his assassination in Kufa, Iraq. The telefilm version of this series has also been made and broadcast.

Ammar ibn Yasir
Ammar ibn Yasir (Arabic: عَمَّار بْن يَاسِر, romanized: ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir; c. 567/570 –  July 657 C.E.) was a Sahabi (Companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a commander in the early Muslim conquests. His parents, Sumayya and Yasir ibn Amir, were the first martyrs of the Ummah. Ammar converted to Islam by the invitation of Abu Bakr and was amongst the muhajirun. After the migration to Medina, he participated in building the Prophet's Mosque and fought in most of the early Muslim expeditions.

He fought in the Ridda wars under Caliph Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) and in the Muslim conquest of Iran under Caliph Umar (r. 634–644). Ammar served as governor of Kufa under Umar. Following Uthman's assassination, Ammar became a devout partisan of Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and died while fighting on Ali's side in the Battle of Siffin.
Essex Leopards (1994–2003)
The Essex Leopards, or just Leopards as they were more commonly known, was a British basketball team competing in the British Basketball League. Established in 1994, the Leopards franchise was one of the most successful teams of the 1990s, dominating the domestic scene with local rivals London Towers.

Originally playing out of the London Arena as Leopards and later Greater London Leopards, the team was moved to Brentwood in 1999, and in 2002 the name was changed to the Essex Leopards. For financial reasons the team decided to "sit out" the 2003–04 season of the BBL and while every effort was made to find a buyer for the franchise, the Leopards soon folded completely.

Brentwood, Essex
Brentwood is a town in Essex, England. It forms part of the London commuter belt, lying 20 miles (32 km) north-east of Charing Cross in central London, and just outside the M25 London Orbital Motorway. Its suburbs include Shenfield, Warley, Brook Street and Hutton. It gives its name to the wider Borough of Brentwood which also covers surrounding rural areas. The population of the Brentwood built up area was 55,340 at the 2021 census.

It has a shopping area along the High Street, a Roman road which became one of the main roads between London and East Anglia. Beyond the town centre are residential developments surrounded by open countryside and woodland; some of this countryside lies within only a few hundred yards of the town centre. Brentwood Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood.
Herpothallon rubroechinatum
Herpothallon rubroechinatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. It is distinguished by its greyish-white to beige thallus and distinctive rust-red crystals that appear sprinkled on its reproductive structures. The species contains psoromic acid and reproduces primarily through vegetative means rather than spores. Initially documented in Florida, Costa Rica, and Peru, its known range expanded to the Galápagos Islands in 2013, where it inhabits the humid zone of Santa Cruz Island, growing on both native endemic trees and introduced species in semi-shaded to shaded environments.

Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or  specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.

Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative propagules to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly.  Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium, making them more challenging to propagate.
Shahzada Shahid
Mawlawi Shahzada Shahid was elected to represent Kunar Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005.

A report from the Navy Postgraduate School on Kunar stated that he was a religious scholar who studied in Pakistan.
It mentioned that he was "associated with Sayyaf  [sic] or Hezbi Islami (unclear)  [sic]".
It also noted that he served on the counter-narcotics committee.

In 2010, Shahzada joined a new group of legislators who called themselves the "Reformists".

According to Pahjwok Afghan News, he was re-elected to the Wolesi Jirga in 2010.

In February 2012, Afghan President Hamid Karzai appointed Shahzada to lead a delegation to investigate the deaths of civilians in Konar and Kapisa provinces caused by NATO forces.

Kapisa Province
Kapisa is the smallest of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. It has an estimated population of 523,201 people and an area of 1,842 km2 (711 sq mi), making it the most densely populated province apart from Kabul Province. It borders Panjshir Province to the north, Laghman Province to the east, Kabul Province to the south and Parwan Province to the west. Mahmud-i-Raqi is the provincial capital, while the most populous city and district of Kapisa is Nijrab.
Siljan, Norway
Siljan is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Grenland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Siljan. Other villages in Siljan include Snurråsen and Øverbø.

The 214-square-kilometre (83 sq mi) municipality is the 299th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Siljan is the 261st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,375. The municipality's population density is 11.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (30/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The older main road that connects the cities of Skien, Larvik, and Oslo passes through Siljan.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
Pistacia atlantica
Pistacia atlantica  is a species of pistachio tree known by the English common name Mt. Atlas mastic tree, Atlas pistachio, Atlantic pistacio, Atlantic terebinth, wild pistachio, and Cyprus turpentine tree.

P. atlantica has three subspecies or varieties which have been described as atlantica, cabulica, and mutica. According to molecular phylogenetic studies, P. atlantica subsp. kurdica is actually a separate species, Pistacia eurycarpa.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Salunkhe
Salunkhe (साळुंखे) is a prominent Maratha clan mostly from Maharashtra and neighbouring states.

They have scattered through regions of Maratha dominance such as Beed, Akola, Buldana, Parbhani, Jalna, Aurangabad, Chalisgaon, Jalgaon, Solapur, Latur, Nagpur, Amravati, Baroda, Gwalior, Satara, and Kolhapur and some other parts of India.

Chalisgaon
Chalisgaon (चाळीसगाव) pronunciationⓘ is second largest city and municipal council in Jalgaon district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the Khandesh division of the state. and is located about 100 km (62 miles) from Jalgaon and about 330 km (210 miles) from Maharashtra's capital Mumbai.
Caudron G.4
The Caudron G.4 is a French biplane with twin engines, widely used during World War I as a bomber. It was designed by René and Gaston Caudron as an improvement over their single-engined Caudron G.3. The aircraft employed wing warping for banking. The first G.4 was built in 1915, and it was manufactured in France, England and Italy. It was the world's first twin-engine aircraft to be widely used, starting in March 1915.

The Caudron G.4 was used as a reconnaissance bomber against the German Empire. Later, when Germany developed a fighter force, the aircraft was used for night bombing.

The G.4 was in use in Belgium, France, Finland, Italy, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

It was replaced by the Fleet Air Arm, initially consisting of those RAF units that normally operated from ships, but emerging as a separate unit similar to the original RNAS by the time of the Second World War.
Rögnvald Kali Kolsson
Rögnvald Kali Kolsson (Old Norse: Rǫgnvaldr / Rögnvaldr; Nynorsk: Ragnvald Kale Kolsson), also known as Saint Ronald of Orkney (c. 1100 – 1158), was a Norwegian earl of Orkney who came to be regarded as a Christian saint. Two of the Orkney Islands are named after Rögnvald, namely North Ronaldsay and South Ronaldsay.

South Ronaldsay
South Ronaldsay (/ˈrɒnəltsiː/, also /ˈrɒnəldziː/, Scots: Sooth Ronalshee) is one of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of Scotland. It is linked to the Orkney Mainland by the Churchill Barriers, running via Burray, Glimps Holm and Lamb Holm.
Turbay
Turbay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claudia Turbay Quintero (born 1952), Colombian journalist and diplomat

Diana Turbay (1950–1991), Colombian journalist

Gabriel Turbay (1901–1947), Colombian diplomat and politician

Julio César Turbay Ayala (1916–2005), former president of Colombia

Julio César Turbay Quintero (born 1949), Colombian politician

Miguel Uribe Turbay (1986–2025), Colombian politician

Nydia Quintero Turbay (1932–2025), former First Lady of Colombia

Paola Turbay (born 1970), Colombian-American actress

Gabriel Turbay
Gabriel Turbay Abinader (10 January 1901 – 17 November 1947) was a Colombian politician of Lebanese descent. He was a Congressman, Senator, and Foreign Minister in the 1930s. He served as Colombia's Ambassador to the United States from 1939 to 1945. He was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 1946.
Nervous shock
In English law, a nervous shock is a psychiatric / mental illness or injury inflicted upon a person by intentional or negligent actions or omissions of another. Often it is a psychiatric disorder triggered by witnessing an accident, for example an injury caused to one's parents or spouse. Although the term "nervous shock" has been described as "inaccurate" and "misleading", it continues to be applied as a useful abbreviation for a complex concept. The possibility of recovering damages for nervous shock, particularly caused by negligence, is strongly limited in English law.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Soliño
Soliño is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

María Soliño (1551–?), Spanish woman accused of witchcraft

María Amelia López Soliño (1911–2009), Spanish blogger

Norberto Soliño (1902–?), cinematographer and businessman

María Amelia López Soliño
María Amelia López Soliño (23 December 1911, Corcubión, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain – 20 May 2009, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain) was the oldest-known woman blogger at the time of her death on 20 May 2009 aged 97, with the blog attracting 1.7 million visiters.

She had been blogging for more than two years. The blog was set up for her as a gift from her grandson, Daniel, to mark  her 95th birthday. She received a visit from Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and won an award from German broadcaster Deutsche Welle for best Spanish language blog in 2008.
1993–94 National Division 1
The 1993–94 National Division 1 (sponsored by Courage Brewery) was the seventh season of the top tier of the English rugby union league system, the Courage Clubs Championship, currently known as Premiership Rugby. Bath were the defending champions and the only new side was promoted team Newcastle.

At the end of the season Bath retained their league title once again, making it four in a row (and fifth overall), six points clear of runners up Leicester. Newcastle Gosforth and London Irish were relegated to the 1994–95 National Division 2.

1994–95 National Division 2
The 1994–95 National Division 2 (sponsored by Courage Brewery) was the eighth season of the second tier of the English rugby union league system, the Courage Clubs Championship, currently known as Champ Rugby. New teams to the division included London Irish and Newcastle Gosforth, relegated from tier 1, while Coventry and Fylde, were promoted from tier 3.

Saracens, the first team to be champions twice, were promoted to the 1995–96 National Division 1. There was no promotion for the runners–up Wakefield who finished in their highest league position. Coventry finished last and were relegated to the 1995–96 National Division 3 as were Fylde who finished one place above them. Both teams had been promoted in 1992–93.
Maria Aitken
Maria Penelope Katharine Aitken (born 12 September 1945) is an Irish-born, British theatre director, teacher, actress, and writer.

As an actress, Aitken has been twice nominated at the Olivier Awards, in 1980 for Private Lives and in 1985 for Waste. Her performance in the film A Fish Called Wanda (1988) earned her a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.

1980 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1980 Society of West End Theatre Awards were held in 1980 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of West End Theatre. The awards would not become the Laurence Olivier Awards, as they are known today, until the 1984 ceremony.