hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Max Kämper
Max Kämper (16 December 1879 in Jüterbog – 10 November 1916 in Sailly-Saillisel) was a German mining engineer.

His 1908 survey and map of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, assisted by cave guide Ed Bishop, represent the first accurate instrumental survey of portions of the cave system. Kämper arrived at Mammoth Cave in 1908 and left 8 months later in 1909.

Kämper was killed in trench warfare at the Somme River in north-eastern France, on 10 November 1916, during the closing days of the Battle of the Somme. He is buried in the War Cemetery of Cambrai near Arras, France.

Somme (river)
The Somme (UK: /sɒm/ SOM, US: /sʌm/ SUM; French: [sɔm] ⓘ) is a river in Picardy, northern France.

The river is 245 km (152 mi) in length, from its source in the high ground of the former Arrouaise Forest at Fonsomme near Saint-Quentin, to the Bay of the Somme, in the English Channel. It lies in the geological syncline which also forms the Solent. This gives it a fairly constant and gentle gradient where several fluvial terraces have been identified.
Sokuluk (river)
The Sokuluk (Kyrgyz: Сокулук) is a river in Chüy District and Moskva District of Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. The river is formed by confluence of Chong-Tör and Kichi-Tör. The Sokuluk flows into Ak-Suu near Tölök village. The river is 87 km (54 mi) long, and has a watershed area of 476 km2 (184 sq mi). The annual average flow rate is 5.14 m3/s (182 cu ft/s); the maximum flow is from May to September. The river rises from the northern slopes of Kyrgyz Ala-Too and enters Chüy Valley where it flows into Ak-Suu. Sokuluk is fed by melt-, glacier-, snow and spring water. The basin of the river contains 48 glaciers totaling 57.9 km2 (22.4 sq mi). The river is used for irrigation. Tösh-Bulak, Sokuluk are located at the river.

Chüy Valley
The Chüy Valley (Kyrgyz: Чүй өрөөнү, romanized: Chüy Öröönü; Kazakh: Шу аңғары, romanized: Şu añğary; Russian: Чуйская долина) is a large valley located in northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan, in the northern part of the Tian Shan. It extends from Boom Gorge in the east to Muyunkum Desert in the west. It is 250 km (160 mi) long and has an area of about 32,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi). It borders Kyrgyz Ala-Too in the south, and Chu-Ili mountains in the north. Through the Boom Gorge in the narrow eastern part Chüy Valley is linked with Issyk-Kul Valley. The river Chu (Chüy) is the major stream of the valley.

The warm summer and availability of drinking and irrigation water makes this area one of the most fertile and most densely populated regions of Kyrgyzstan.

There are deposits of zinc ore, lead, gold, and construction materials. The 2006 World Drug Report estimated that 400,000 hectares of cannabis grow wild in the Chüy Valley.
Javier Aguirresarobe
Javier Aguirresarobe Zubía ASC (born 10 October 1948) is a Spanish cinematographer. After working primarily in Spanish movies during the 1980s and 1990s, he gained international recognition for his work on The Others (2001). From there, he worked mostly in Hollywood productions, ranging across multiple genres. He is a five-time Goya Award winner (out of 10 total nominations) and a BAFTA Award nominee, among other accolades.

Alejandro Amenábar
Alejandro Fernando Amenábar Cantos (Spanish: [aleˈxandɾo ameˈnaβaɾ]; born 31 March 1972) is a Chilean-Spanish film director, screenwriter and composer. He has won nine Goya Awards—including Best Director for his 2001 film The Others—and two European Film Awards among other honors; he also accepted an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film on behalf of Spain for The Sea Inside. He has written (or co-written) the screenplays to all seven of his films and composed almost all of their soundtracks.
Al Burruss
A. L. "Al" Burruss (July 3, 1927 – May 10, 1986) was an American politician. Burruss was a member of the Democratic party. From 1964 to 1986, he was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives. Burruss was the House majority leader, or the ranking Democrat, from 1982 until his death in 1986 from pancreatic cancer.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Gakutotai
Gakutotai (学徒隊, Gakutotai; "Student Corps") were regiments of the Imperial Japanese Army raised from high school students in territories occupied by the Empire of Japan, such as Korea, China, Malaya, Burma, and the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia).

Japanese occupation of Malaya
Malaya, then under British administration, was gradually occupied by Japanese forces between 8 December 1941 and the Allied surrender at Singapore on 15 February 1942. The Japanese remained in occupation until their surrender to the Allies in 1945. The first Japanese garrison in Malaya to lay down their arms was in Penang on 2 September 1945 aboard HMS Nelson.
2024 Ningbo Open
The 2024 Ningbo Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th women's edition of the Ningbo International Tennis Open. It took place at the Yinzhou Tennis Center in Ningbo, China, from 14 to 20 October 2024. The tournament was originally scheduled to take place from 16 to 22 September as a WTA 250 tournament on the 2024 WTA Tour, but it was upgraded to a WTA 500 tournament and moved to October to fill the vacancy generated by the cancellation of the Zhengzhou Open.

Ningbo International Tennis Open
The AUX Ningbo Open (formerly Ningbo International Tennis Open) is a tennis tournament held in Ningbo, China. It is played on outdoor hardcourts. Since 2024, the event is listed as a WTA 500 tournament.

The women's event was previously part of the WTA 250 and WTA 125K series in 2013 and in 2014. The men's event ended in 2012 but restarted in 2015 till 2019 on the ATP Challenger Tour and was previously called the  Ningbo (Yinzhou) International Men's Tennis Challenger.
Shibnibas
Shibnibas is a village located in Krishnaganj subdivision of Nadia district in West Bengal, India. It belongs to the Presidency division and is situated 21 km to the east of the district headquarters, Krishnanagar, Nadia. It is located 3 km away from Krishnaganj and is situated 113 km away from the state capital, Kolkata. Shibnibas is known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It is locate don the bank of Churni River.

Churni River
The Churni River is a distributary of the Mathabhanga River and a tributary of the Hooghly River, flowing through Nadia district in West Bengal, India. The Mathabhanga River itself is a distributary of the Padma River. The Mathabhanga-Churni is one of the three Nadia Rivers —Bhagirathi, Jalangi, and Mathabhanga. The Mathabhanga-Churni system is also an Indo-Bangladesh transboundary river.
Kristen May
Kristen May (born September 28, 1982) is an American singer, best known as the former lead singer of the rock bands Vedera and Flyleaf. After Vedera disbanded in 2011, May replaced Lacey Sturm as the lead singer of Flyleaf. May released her solo album Conversations in 2015, before leaving Flyleaf in 2016.

Stages (Vedera album)
Stages is the second and final album from American rock band Vedera. It was released digitally on Epic Records on October 6, 2009. The album was produced by Mike Flynn and Warren Huart (The Fray, Augustana). Rough cuts of "Back to the Middle," "Satisfy," "Forgive You," and "Taking Chances" have been made available on the band's MySpace page. The album and few songs have gotten most of its major popularity after the band was featured on an episode of MTV's The Hills.
Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz
Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz (Belarusian: Станіслаў Богуш-Сестранцэвіч, 1731–1826) was a Polish Catholic clergyman who became the first bishop of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mohilev (Mogilev), an Archbishop from 1784 and a prominent member of the Russian Academy (1807), who had earlier converted from Calvinism.

Russian Academy
The Russian Academy or Imperial Russian Academy (Russian: Академия Российская, Императорская Российская академия) was established in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1783 by Empress Catherine II of Russia and princess Dashkova as a research center for Russian language and Russian literature, following the example of the Académie Française. In 1841 it was merged into the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (the predecessor of today's Russian Academy of Sciences).
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) is a health services research centre based at the University of York, England. CRD was established in January 1994, and aims to provide research-based information for evidence-based medicine. CRD carries out systematic reviews and meta-analyses of healthcare interventions, and disseminates the results of research to decision-makers in the NHS.

CRD produces three databases:

Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)

NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED)

Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA Database)

These are freely available from the CRD database website, NIHR Centre for Reviews and Dissemination - CRD Database, and as part of the Cochrane Library.

CRD also publishes a number of regular reports including Effective Health Care and Effectiveness Matters.

CRD is funded by the UK Department of Health's NHS Research and Development Programme, as well as from a number of other sources.

Cochrane Library
The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations. At its core is the collection of Cochrane Reviews, a database of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that summarize and interpret the results of medical research. The Cochrane Library aims to make the results of well-conducted clinical trials readily available and is a key resource in evidence-based medicine.
Darwin Ireland
Darwin Ireland (born May 26, 1971) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He attended Dollarway High School and played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks. He played for the Bears for three games from 1994 to 1995.

Dollarway High School
Dollarway High School was a comprehensive public high school in northwest Pine Bluff, Arkansas that served grades 9 through 12. It was one of three public high schools in Pine Bluff and was a part of the Pine Bluff School District effective July 1, 2021. Prior to that point it was the only high school managed by the Dollarway School District. Within the state, the school is often referred to as Pine Bluff Dollarway. It  closed as of fall 2023.
2,4,5-Trihydroxyamphetamine
2,4,5-Trihydroxyamphetamine (THA or THA-2), also known as α-methyl-6-hydroxydopamine (α-Me-6-OHDA) or as 2,4,5-TDM-TMA-2, is a neurotoxin and a metabolite of MDMA related to 6-hydroxydopamine. It comes from the ring hydroxylation of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). The drug may also be a metabolite of 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (2,4,5-TMA; TMA-2) via O-demethylation. In one study, it was shown to reduce hippocampal tryptophan hydroxylase activity by 54% after short-term treatment. In another study, it was shown to significantly reduce striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity. THA was studied clinically as an antihypertensive agent but was never marketed. The drug did not produce hallucinogenic effects in humans at doses of up to 200 mg orally.

Tyrosine hydroxylase
Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). It does so using molecular oxygen (O2), as well as iron (Fe2+) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. L-DOPA is a precursor for dopamine, which, in turn, is a precursor for the important neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the rate limiting step in this synthesis of catecholamines. In humans, tyrosine hydroxylase is encoded by the TH gene, and the enzyme is present in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral sympathetic neurons and the adrenal medulla. Tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase together make up the family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAHs).
Schlumberger Canada Ltd v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)
Schlumberger Canada Ltd v Canada (Commissioner of Patents) is a decision of the Federal Court of Appeal concerning the patentability of software inventions within the context of the Patent Act (Canada). At issue was the patentability of a method of combining and analyzing borehole measurements for oil and gas exploration using a computer programmed according to mathematical formulas. The Federal Court of Appeal held that the use of a computer "does not change the nature" of the discovered invention and that the process at issue was a "mere scientific principle or abstract theorem" and therefore not an "invention" within the meaning of the Patent Act.

More broadly, the case stands for the proposition that the use of a computer neither adds to, nor subtracts from, the patentability of an alleged invention.

Patentability
Within the context of a national or multilateral body of law, an invention is patentable if it meets the relevant legal conditions to be granted a patent. By extension, patentability also refers to the substantive conditions that must be met for a patent to be held valid.
Ohmstede Limited
Ohmstede Industrial Services is a field service company headquartered in League City, Texas. It was founded in 1905 by German immigrant August Ohmstede. It was originally a machine and auto repair shop. In the 1940s, Ohmstede began specializing in the repair and maintenance of heat exchangers. Specifically, Ohmstede performs much field maintenance on shell and tube heat exchangers commonly found in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants.

Today, Ohmstede has offices throughout the Gulf Coast region, with over 500 employees.  Texas offices are located in Beaumont, Corpus Christi, and La Porte.  Louisiana offices are located in Sulphur and St. Gabriel.

Ohmstede was acquired by Emcor in September, 2007, for approximately $455 million.

Ohmstede is a member of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA).

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger
A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications.  As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside it.  One fluid runs through the tubes, and another fluid flows over the tubes (through the shell) to transfer heat between the two fluids. The set of tubes is called a tube bundle, and may be composed of several types of tubes: plain, longitudinally finned, etc.
German Venezuelans
German Venezuelans (German: Deutsch-Venezolaner; Spanish: Germano-venezolanos) are Venezuelan citizens who descend from Germans or German people with Venezuelan citizenship. Most of them live in Caracas, Maracaibo, Valencia, Colonia agrícola de Turén, El Jarillo, and Colonia Tovar where a small-reduced and decreasing minority of people speak the Colonia Tovar dialect, a German-derived dialect from their ancestry, and the Spanish language. In general, the descendants of Austrians, German-Swiss people, and German Italians (Italian citizens of German descent and speak German language) are also counted on this term.

Lara (state)
Lara State (Spanish: Estado Lara, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈlaɾa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Lara is located in the Central-Western Region, Venezuela. The state capital is Barquisimeto.

Lara State covers a total surface area of 19,800 km2 (7,600 sq mi) and, in 2015, had a census population of  2,019,211.
Satori (Flower Travellin' Band Canadian album)
Satori is an album released by Flower Travellin' Band in Canada. It featured tracks from the original Japanese release of Satori, Made In Japan, and an additional track only available on the Canadian single release of Satori. The songs featured from Satori were remixed and edited considerably. The album was produced by Paul Hoffert of Lighthouse.

The album details are as follows:

Flower Travellin' Band
Flower Travellin' Band (Japanese: フラワー・トラベリン・バンド, Hepburn: Furawā Toraberin Bando) was a Japanese rock band that was formed in 1967. They were connected to Japan's counterculture movement and noted for their mixture of early heavy metal with psychedelic and progressive rock. They received wide acclaim from critics but failed to achieve commercial success and separated in 1973 to pursue individual careers. The band reunited in late 2007, but permanently disbanded after the 2011 death of vocalist Joe Yamanaka.

While the band's releases have never sold well they continue to be held in high regard by the music industry. Their albums have never been out of print and they continue to be made available on new audiophile formats such as SHM-CDs. Former members of the Flower Travellin' Band continue to perform FTB songs live together under the name Flower Power with other musicians.
Juan Carlos Aréizaga
Juan Carlos Aréizaga y Alduncín (1756–1820) was a Spanish military commander.

Many historians of the Peninsular War, including Gómez de Arteche, Toreno, Clonard and Oman, agree that, while not questioning Aréizaga's personal courage, he lacked the necessary skills required of a general.

Oman was especially scathing in his assessment of Aréizaga's command at Ocaña:

Even allowing for the fact that Areizaga had been the victim of the Junta's insensate resolve to make an offensive movement on Madrid, it is impossible to speak with patience of his generalship. For a combination of rashness and vacillation it excels that of any other Spanish general during the whole war. (Oman 1903: p. 96.)

Charles Oman
Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman, KBE, FBA (12 January 1860 – 23 June 1946) was a British military historian. His reconstructions of medieval battles from the fragmentary and distorted accounts left by chroniclers were pioneering.
Giancarlo Chiaramello
Giancarlo Chiaramello (born 18 February 1939) is an Italian composer, conductor and arranger.

Born in Bra, in 1958 Chiaramello graduated from the Turin Conservatory where he studied piano, composition and vocal polyphony.  He won two international competitions for young composers, the Francesco Ballo Prize in 1960 and the Ranieri of Monaco Award in 1962. Between sixties and seventies he was arranger for several pop and rock artists, and composed scores for many stage plays. Chiaramello has also scored television series as well as several films, including Number One (1973), Crazy Joe (1974), An Average Little Man (1977), Prickly Pears (1981) and Mani di fata (1983). in 1975 he won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Score for Luca Ronconi 's Orlando Furioso.

Turin Conservatory
The Conservatorio Statale di Musica Giuseppe Verdi, also known as the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi or Conservatorio Torino and more commonly known in English as the Turin Conservatory, is a music conservatory in Turin, Italy. It should not be confused with the Milan Conservatory or Como Conservatory; schools which have also been known as the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi.
Museo Dolores Olmedo
The Museo Dolores Olmedo (or the Dolores Olmedo Museum) is an art museum in Xochimilco, Mexico City, based on the collection of the Mexican businesswoman Dolores Olmedo. The museum will be relocated to Chapultepec in 2024.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Theryaxia
Theryaxia is a monotypic genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, the jewel beetles. The single species is Theryaxia suttoni. It is endemic to Australia, where it occurs in New South Wales and Queensland.

The larvae of this species are found on white cypress-pine (Callitris columellaris syn. Callitris glaucophylla).

Callitris columellaris
Callitris columellaris is a species of coniferous tree in the family Cupressaceae (cypress family), native to most of Australia. Common names include white cypress, white cypress-pine, Murray River cypress-pine, Bribie Island pine and northern cypress-pine. Callitris columellaris has become naturalised in Hawaii and in southern Florida.
Dr. B.M. Banton House
The Dr. B.M. Banton House is a historic two-story house in Yankton, South Dakota. It was built in 1920-1921 and designed in the California bungalow style by Dr. B.M. Banton, a dentist. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 8, 1987.

California bungalow
California bungalow is an alternative name for the American Craftsman style of residential architecture, when it was applied to small-to-medium-sized homes rather than the large "ultimate bungalow" houses of designers like Greene and Greene. California bungalows became popular in suburban neighborhoods across the United States, and to varying extents elsewhere, from around 1910 to 1939.
2003–04 EHF Champions League
The 2003–04 EHF Champions League was the 44th edition of Europe's premier club handball tournament. Montpellier Handball were the reigning champions.

RK Celje won their first ever title, beating SG Flensburg-Handewitt in the final. This was the first time a Slovenian team won the tournament.

EHF Champions League
The EHF Champions League is the most important club handball competition for men's teams in Europe and involves the leading teams from the top European nations. The competition is organised every year by EHF. The official name for the men's competition is the EHF Champions League Men.

The EHF coefficient rank decides which teams have access and in which stage they enter.
Yuri Suzuki (designer)
Yuri Suzuki (スズキ ユウリ, Suzuki Yūri) (born 1980) is a Japanese artist, designer and musician. Primarily known for the design of sound-based objects, Suzuki was a partner of the London office of Pentagram between November 2018 to May 2024.

Design Museum
The Design Museum in Kensington, London, England, exhibits product, industrial, graphic, fashion, and architectural design. In 2018, the museum won the European Museum of the Year Award. The museum operates as a registered charity, and all funds generated by ticket sales aid the museum in curating new exhibitions.