hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joshua Beal Ferris
Joshua Beal Ferris (January 13, 1804 – June 8, 1886) was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives representing Stamford from 1838 to 1839, and a member of the Connecticut Senate representing Connecticut's 12th Senate District from 1840 to 1842, and from 1849 to 1851. In 1851, he was Senate President Pro Tempore.

He graduated from Yale College in 1823, and thereafter opened a preparatory school in Stamford, where he taught until 1833.

He was admitted to the bar in 1829, and began practicing law in Fairfield County in 1833. At one point he was partners with Calvin G. Child.

In the election of 1848, Ferris was elected a presidential elector for the Whig Party. He cast his vote for Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore for President and Vice President of the United States.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Sensemaking (information science)
While sensemaking has been studied by other disciplines under other names for centuries, in information science and computer science the term "sensemaking" has primarily marked two distinct but related topics. Sensemaking was introduced as a methodology by Brenda Dervin in the 1980s and to human–computer interaction by PARC researchers Daniel M. Russell, Mark Stefik, Peter Pirolli, and Stuart Card in 1993.

In information science, the term is often written as "sense-making". In both cases, the concept has been used to bring together insights drawn from philosophy, sociology, and cognitive science (especially social psychology). Sensemaking research is therefore often presented as an interdisciplinary research programme.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Imaginative Illusions
Imaginative Illusions Sdn. Bhd. is a multimedia and software development company based in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. The company was founded in 1997, and specializes in developing games for the PC, software engineering, web hosting, and internet services. Imaginative Illusions Sdn. Bhd. is also a 3D Production studio which provides services in 3D Graphics and video development, animation, compositing, editing and special effects. The company has developed the shoot 'em up game for the PC titled "Vanguard Ace."

Compositing
Compositing is the process or technique of combining visual elements from separate sources into single images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene. Live-action shooting for compositing is variously called "chroma key", "blue screen", "green screen" and other names. Today, most compositing is achieved through digital image manipulation. Pre-digital compositing techniques, however, go back as far as the trick films of Georges Méliès in the late 19th century, and some are still in use.
Goldendale Free Public Library
The Goldendale Free Public Library in Goldendale, Washington is a historic Carnegie library which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The library was a project of the Women's Association, a Federated Women's Clubs chapter.

It is a 50 feet (15 m) by 80 feet (24 m) brick building in a residential area near downtown.  The gables of its roof have circular openings for attic ventilation and parapets above.

It is one of many Carnegie libraries that are listed on the National Register.

General Federation of Women's Clubs
The General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC), founded in 1890 during the Progressive Movement, is a federation of approximately 2,300 women's clubs in the United States which promote civic improvements through volunteer service. Community Service Projects (CSP) are organized by local clubs for the benefit of their communities or GFWC's Affiliate Organization (AO) partnerships. GFWC maintains nearly 60,000 members throughout the United States and internationally.  GFWC is one of the world's largest and oldest nonpartisan, nondenominational, women's volunteer service organizations. The GFWC headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.
Milan Damnjanović (physicist)
Milan Damnjanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Дамњановић) (born July 9, 1953), is a full professor specialising in Quantum mechanics and Mathematical physics at the Faculty of Physics at the University of Belgrade and Member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
FutureSAX
futureSAX is a company of the Free State of Saxony and is financed with tax revenues based on the budget approved by the members of the Saxon State Parliament. It aims to support start-ups and the founding of companies free of charge in a mission of the Free State of Saxony with various events, formats and grants.

Landtag of Saxony
The Landtag of Saxony (German: Sächsischer Landtag; Upper Sorbian: Sakski krajny sejm), also known in English as the Saxon State Parliament, is the legislature of the Free State of Saxony, one of Germany's sixteen states. It is responsible for legislation, control of the government, and electing some state officials. The Landtag has existed in various forms since 1831, but the current body was established during German reunification in 1990. The Landtag is directly elected and has a term of five years.
Anke Lindner
Anke Lindner is a German physicist known for her work on Non-Newtonian fluids and viscous fingering, especially in complex suspensions. She is a professor at Paris Cité University, formerly called Paris Diderot University.

Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and while the particles have not settled out.
Japanese destroyer Shiranui
Three destroyers of Japan have been named Shiranui (不知火, "unknown fire"):

Japanese destroyer Shiranui (1899), a Murakumo-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War

Japanese destroyer Shiranui (1938), a Kagerō-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II

JS Shiranui, an Asahi-class destroyer launched in 2017

Japanese destroyer Shiranui (1899)
Shiranui (不知火, "Phosphorescent Foam") was one of six Murakumo-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late 1890s. Shiranui took part in several major engagements during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) and served during World War I (1914–1918).
Garvey Park
Garvey Park is a multi-use stadium in Tavua, Fiji named after the colonial governor Ronald Garvey. It is currently used mostly for football and also for Colonial Cup and Digicel Cup matches and hosts the home matches of Tavua F.C. and the Bligh Roosters.  The stadium holds 4,500 people.

Colonial Cup (rugby union)
The Colonial Cup (named after sponsors The Colonial National Bank) is a defunct rugby union football competition that was played in Fiji between 2004 and 2008. The Colonial Cup was Fiji's first attempt at a professional rugby competition, but it did not draw sufficient crowds and ceased after five seasons.
Yvonne Dorsey-Colomb
Yvonne Dorsey-Colomb (born August 19, 1952) is an American politician from the state of Louisiana who represented the 14th district in the Louisiana State Senate from 2008 until 2020. A Democrat, she is a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives, of which she had been chosen Speaker Pro Tempore.

Dorsey-Colomb and her husband, Sterling Colomb, Jr., reside in the capital city of Baton Rouge. Sterling founded the Colomb Foundation to raise awareness of breast cancer. Though John Neely Kennedy, the state treasurer, listed the foundation as not adhering to state laws on disclosing their financial information, a later investigation found the foundation to be in compliance with all state laws.

Louisiana State Treasurer
The Louisiana State Treasurer is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of Louisiana responsible for overseeing the financial operations of state government. The state treasurer is an elected position, with four year terms. The Louisiana State Treasurer is John Fleming, a Republican.

Past state treasurers Mary Landrieu and John Kennedy were subsequently elected to the United States Senate.
Arthur Moulin
Arthur Moulin (French pronunciation: [aʁtyʁ mulɛ̃]; 4 July 1924 – 9 May 2017) was a French politician. He joined the French Resistance during World War II. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1958 to 1973, representing Nord. He also served as a member of the French Senate from 1983 to 1992, representing Nord. He was the mayor of Avesnes in Pas-de-Calais from 1971 to 1989.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Ashley Coulston
Ashley Mervyn Coulston is an Australian triple murderer serving three consecutive sentences of life imprisonment for a 1992 triple murder in Burwood in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne. He also attempted to abduct and rob a couple on St Kilda Road in inner Melbourne several months later. The failed abduction attempt led police to his involvement in the triple murder.

Burwood, Victoria
Burwood is an inner eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 14 kilometres east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Monash and Whitehorse local government areas. Burwood recorded a population of 15,147 at the 2021 census.
Arginine—pyruvate transaminase
In enzymology, an arginine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.84) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-arginine + pyruvate  5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-arginine and pyruvate, whereas its two products are 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate and L-alanine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-arginine:pyruvate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include arginine:pyruvate transaminase, and AruH.

Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.

Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.
Sedap Malam
Sedap Malam (Indonesian Sweetness of the Night, or a name of a night-blooming flower) is a 1951 film directed by Ratna Asmara and produced by Djamaluddin Malik for Persari. Starring Sukarsih and M. Pandji Anom, it follows a woman who descends into prostitution after her husband marries another woman. It was both Persari's first production and the first film directed by a woman in Indonesian history.

Polianthes tuberosa
Polianthes tuberosa, the tuberose, is a perennial plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, extracts of which are used as a note in perfumery. Now widely grown as an ornamental plant, the species is native to Mexico.
Schloss Ueckermünde
Schloss Ueckermünde is a Schloss in Ueckermünde in Vorpommern-Greifswald, one of the latest buildings in the Pomeranian dukes in Germany. The building was surrounded by a water ditch and accessible over a drawbridge.

Vorpommern-Greifswald
Vorpommern-Greifswald is a district in the east of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte and Vorpommern-Rügen, the Baltic Sea, Poland (West Pomeranian Voivodeship) and the state of Brandenburg. The district seat is the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald. A lake called Berliner See is found in the district.
Prince George-Valemount
Prince George-Valemount is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, established by the Electoral Districts Act, 2008 out of most of Prince George-Mount Robson and small parts of Prince George North, Prince George-Omineca, and Cariboo North. It was first contested in the 2009 provincial election.

Cariboo North
Cariboo North is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada.  It was created by 1990 legislation dividing the previous two-member district of Cariboo, which came into effect for the 1991 BC election.

Under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution which took effect in the 2024 BC election, the district was eliminated. Most of the riding was replaced by Prince George-North Cariboo, a larger electoral district extending into the southern suburbs of Prince George.
Bombing of La Garriga
The Bombing of La Garriga was a series of Nationalist air raids which took place at La Garriga, Barcelona province in Catalonia between 28 and 29 January 1939 during the Spanish Civil War. At least 13 civilians were killed in the bombings.

Aviazione Legionaria
The Legionary Air Force (Italian: Aviazione Legionaria, Spanish: Aviación Legionaria) was an expeditionary corps from the Italian Royal Air Force that was set up in 1936. It was sent to provide logistical and tactical support to the Nationalist faction after the Spanish coup of July 1936, which marked the onset of the Spanish Civil War.

The corps and its Nazi German allies, the Condor Legion, fought against the Spanish Republic and provided support for the Italian ground troops of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie. They served from August 1936 to the end of the conflict, in March 1939. Their main base of operations was on Mallorca, in the Balearic Islands.
Shibahara
Shibahara (written: 柴原 or 芝原) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chiyako Shibahara (芝原 チヤコ, born 1970), Japanese voice actress

Ena Shibahara (柴原 瑛菜, born 1998), Japanese-American tennis player

Hiroshi Shibahara (柴原 洋, born 1974), Japanese baseball player

Makoto Shibahara (柴原 誠, born 1992), Japanese footballer

Tsuneo Shibahara (柴原 恒雄, born 1917), Japanese diver

Ena Shibahara
Ena Shibahara (柴原 瑛菜, Shibahara Ena; born 12 February 1998) is an American-born Japanese professional tennis player.
She reached her career-high rankings of world No. 4 in doubles on 21 March 2022 and No. 116 in singles on 14 July 2025. Shibahara has won eleven doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including two WTA 1000, the 2021 Miami Open and the 2023 National Bank Open.

Shibahara won her first major title at the 2022 French Open, alongside Wesley Koolhof in mixed doubles. Partnering with Shuko Aoyama, she reached the women's doubles finals at the 2023 Australian Open, in addition to the semifinals at the 2021 Wimbledon Championships, the 2022 Australian Open, and at the 2021 WTA Finals.

She made her Billie Jean King Cup debut for Japan in 2020, and also participated in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. Until July 2019, Shibahara represented her country of birth, the United States.
Ian Middleton
Ian Middleton (26 October 1928 – 24 October 2007) was a New Zealand novelist, who made a particular mark with his books set in post-Second World War Japan. Born in New Plymouth, he was the younger brother of noted New Zealand short story writer O. E. Middleton.

Blind, he said this gave him a "special perspective but 'without limitation'", and has been attributed to the "strong metaphoric colour, sensual - often erotic - quality and lush verbal richness of his writing".

A full list of his publications can be seen at the University of Auckland's NZ Literature file  and more biographical information is at the New Zealand Book Council's website.

Read NZ Te Pou Muramura
Read NZ Te Pou Muramura (formerly the New Zealand Book Council) is a not-for-profit organisation that presents a wide range of programmes to promote books and reading in New Zealand. It was established in 1972 and its programmes have included supporting writers' visits to schools and enabling writers to travel to different areas of New Zealand.
Sutro Tunnel
The Sutro Tunnel is a drainage tunnel (adit) connected to the Comstock Lode in Northern Nevada. It begins at Dayton, Nevada, and connects 3.88 miles (6.24 km) Northwest to the Savage mine in Virginia City, Nevada. The Sutro Tunnel pioneered the excavation of large drainage and access tunnels in the US.  Later US mine drainage tunnels included the Argo Tunnel at Idaho Springs, Colorado, the Leadville and Yak tunnels at Leadville, Colorado, and the Roosevelt tunnel in the Cripple Creek district, Colorado.

Dayton, Nevada
Dayton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The population was 15,153 at the 2020 census. Dayton is the second-oldest Nevada settlement, after Genoa, and is home to the oldest hotel in the state.
Neobidessodes flavosignatus
Neobidessodes flavosignatus is a carnivorous subterranean water beetle, in the Bidessini tribe of the Dytiscidae family. It was first described in 1922 by Albrecht Zimmermann as Bidessus flavosignatus. It was assigned to the genus Bidessodes by Watts in  1978, and to the new genus of Neobidessodes in 2009 by Hendrich and others.

It is found in the Northern Territory and Queensland.

Albrecht Zimmermann
Philipp Wilhelm Albrecht Zimmermann (23 April 1860, in Braunschweig – 22 February 1931, in Berlin) was a German botanist. 
He was a Professor of Botany at several different Universities (such as Leipzig and Tübingen).
He was a botanist and collector of fungi and spermatophytes, who worked in Indonesia and Tanzania from 1902 to 1919. He moved to Indonesia in 1896 and studied applied botany. In 1902 he moved to Africa to join the Amani Research Institute that was established that year. He returned to Germany after World War I in 1920. He wrote about the cultivation of coffee among other things related to botany, but most of his writings were destroyed during World War II.
Hermann Baagøe Storck
Hermann Baagøe Storck (18 February 1839 – 4 December 1922) was a Danish architect and heraldist. As an architect, he is mainly known for the restoration of historic buildings. Among his own designs, his building for the Hirschsprung Collection in Copenhagen is the most widely known.

Viborg Cathedral
Viborg Cathedral, Our Lady Cathedral (Danish: Viborg Domkirke eller Vor Frue Domkirke) is the site of one of Denmark's most important historic churches located in the town of Viborg in the northern part of central Jutland.  The modern building is a 19th-century construction based on Lund Cathedral in southern Sweden which bears no resemblance to the medieval cathedral that stood on the site since 1130.
2022 OFC Women's Nations Cup Group A
The 2022 OFC Women's Nations Cup Group A is the first of three sets in the group stage of the 2022 OFC Women's Nations Cup that will take place from 13 July 2022 to 19 July 2022. The group competition will consist of Tonga, Cook Islands, and Samoa. The top two teams automatically qualify for the top eight knockout stage, while third place is comparatively evaluated to other third-placed teams based on the football ranking system for the last two berths.

Group tournament ranking system
In a group tournament, unlike a knockout tournament, there is no single final match to decide the winner. Instead, rankings are based on the results of all matches played. Players or teams earn points for each game, and standings are determined by total points or average points per match. A special type of group tournament is the Round-robin tournament, in which each player plays against every other player.

Usually each competitor finishes with an equal number of matches, in which case rankings by total points and by average points are equivalent at the end of the tournament, though not necessarily while it is in progress. Examples with unequal numbers of matches include the 1895 County Championship in English cricket, and the U.S. National Football League prior to 1972, when tie games were excluded from the winning percentage used for regular-season standings.
Yoon Jeong-hee
Yoon Jeong-hee (Korean: 윤정희; July 30, 1944 – January 19, 2023) was a South Korean actress and beauty pageant titleholder who competed at Miss Korea 1964. She debuted in 1967 in Theatre of Youth. She appeared in about 330 films, and her better known works are New Place (1979), Woman in Crisis (1987) and Manmubang (1994). Her last performance was in 2010, in director Lee Chang-dong's film Poetry, for which she won 7 best actress awards including Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Actress at 4th Asia Pacific Screen Awards, the Grand Bell Award at 47th Grand Bell Awards, and Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award at 2011 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards.

Blue Dragon Film Awards
The Blue Dragon Film Awards (Korean: 청룡영화상; RR: Cheongnyong Yeonghwasang) is an annual awards ceremony that is presented by Sports Chosun (a sister brand of the Chosun Ilbo) for excellence in film in South Korea.

The Blue Dragon Film Awards considers only blockbusters and popular movies of high artistic value released during the previous year. During the selection process, about forty movies that have made it to the final list are screened to the public for free. After the screening of each selection, the awards ceremony opens.

The Blue Dragon Film Awards and Grand Bell Awards are the most popular film awards in South Korea.