hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Storrs, South Yorkshire
Storrs is a hamlet within the boundaries of the City of Sheffield in England, 4 miles (6.4 km) west-northwest of the city centre. It is between the suburb of Stannington and the village of Dungworth in the civil parish of Bradfield at a height of 210 metres above sea level between the Loxley and Rivelin valleys. Although historically a farming settlement, water-powered milling on the Storrs Brook and small-scale cutlery making has also taken place in the hamlet.

River Rivelin
The River Rivelin is a river in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.

It rises on the Hallam moors, in north west Sheffield, and joins the River Loxley (at Malin Bridge). The Rivelin Valley, through which the river flows, is a 3+1⁄2-mile (5.6 km) long woodland valley that includes the popular Rivelin Valley Nature Trail that was created in 1967. The valley has farmland on its gentler upper slopes. Tributaries include the Wyming Brook, Allen Sike and the Black Brook. The Rivelin Dams are to be found at the head of the valley.

A relatively fast-flowing river (it drops 80 metres (260 ft) between Rivelin Mill Bridge and Malin Bridge), the Rivelin is fed by a constant release of water from the nearby moorland peat. Its flow was exploited for centuries as a power source, driving the water wheels of up to twenty industries (forges, metal-working and flour mills) along its course.
Mount Tzouhalem
Mount Tzouhalem is a mountain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, 4 kilometres east-northeast of Duncan in the municipality of North Cowichan. It is situated between Quamichan Lake, Maple Bay and Cowichan Bay.

The mountain is part of the municipal forest lands. Part of the mountain is an 18-hectare ecological reserve. It is popular with hikers and mountain bikers. It gives views towards Saltspring Island, the Coastal Mountains of the Lower Mainland and, on a clear day, Mount Baker in Washington state.

There was a large Christian cross on one cliffside. The original wooden cross, placed by local Catholic churches in the 1970s, was replaced by the Knights of Columbus with a welded version in the late 1980s. In the night from July 16th to July 17th 2021, unknown individuals removed the cross for unknown reasons.

Salt Spring Island
Salt Spring Island or Saltspring Island is one of the Gulf Islands in the Strait of Georgia between mainland British Columbia, Canada, and Vancouver Island.

The island was initially inhabited by various Salishan peoples before being settled by pioneers in 1859, at which time it was renamed Admiral Island. It was the first of the Gulf Islands to be settled and the first agricultural settlement on the islands in the Colony of Vancouver Island, as well as the first island in the region to permit settlers to acquire land through pre-emption. The island was retitled to its current name in 1910. It is named for the salt springs found in the northern part of the island.

Salt Spring Island is the largest, most populous, and the most frequently visited of the Southern Gulf Islands.
Bestuzhev (surname)
Bestuzhev (Russian: Бecтужeв), or Bestuzheva (feminine; Бecтужeвa) is a Russian surname.  The Bestuzhev noble family was from the medieval Novgorod Republic and descended from boyars.

Notable people with the surname include:

Pyotr Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1664–1742), Russian statesman

Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1688–1760), Russian diplomat

Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1693–1766), Russian diplomat

Alexander Fedoseyevich Bestuzhev (1761–1810), Russian writer and state councilor

Alexander's sons (all members of the Decembrist revolt):
Nikolay Bestuzhev (1791–1855), Russian writer and portrait painter
Alexander Bestuzhev (1797–1837), Russian writer
Mikhail Bestuzhev (writer) (1800–1871), Russian writer
Pyotr Bestuzhev (officer) (1804–1840), Russian officer and memoirist
Pavel Bestuzhev (1808–1846), Russian officer

Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1801–1826), Russian officer

Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1829–1897), Russian historian

Nikolay Bestuzhev
Nikolay Alexandrovich Bestuzhev (Russian: Николай Александрович Бестужев; 13 April 1791, Saint Petersburg – 27 May 1855, Novoselenginsk) was a Russian Navy officer, writer, inventor and portrait artist; associated with the Decembrist revolt.
Orocué
Orocué is a town and municipality in the Department of Casanare, Colombia, located on the shore of the Meta River. Historically, it went by the name San Miguel del Macuco.

It is located 180 km from Yopal, and 546 km from Bogotá.

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
Barbora Patočková
Barbora Patočková (born 23 September 1998 in Polička) is a Czech ice hockey player for HC Příbram woman, HC Hvězda Praha and the Czech national team.

She participated at the 2016 IIHF Women's World Championship. She started play ice hockey with her brother Matouš Patočka in HC Slavoj Velké Popovice. Then they move to Slavia Prague.

She also participated at the 2017 Ball Hockey World Championship in Pardubice and won gold medal for Czech national team.

2016 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2016 IIHF Women's World Championship was the 17th such event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The tournament was played in Kamloops, Canada, from 28 March to 4 April 2016. Venues included the Sandman Centre, and the McArthur Island Sport and Event Centre.

Two-time defending champions, the United States, securing their third consecutive and seventh title overall, after defeated Canada in the gold medal game 1–0 in overtime. Russia won the bronze medal by defeating Finland in a shootout.
Orion Clemens House
The Orion Clemens House, also known as Mark Twain's House, is a two-story Late Victorian house located at 502 N. Division St. in Carson City, the capital of the U.S. state of Nevada. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The listing included two contributing buildings.

The house was built in 1862 by Orion Clemens, a lawyer who served as the first Secretary of the Nevada Territory. It has also been known as the Governor's Mansion from times when Orion was territorial governor pro tem while Governor James W. Nye was absent.  The house often hosted Orion's younger brother Samuel Clemens, better known as Mark Twain.

Secretary of State of Nevada
The secretary of state of Nevada is the chief clerk for the U.S. state of Nevada and is one of the state-wide elected offices mandated by Nevada Constitution. As the chief clerk, the secretary of state is the official record-keeper for the state and  responsible for business registrations, supervising elections, and officiating documents.

The current secretary of state is Cisco Aguilar, a member of the Democratic Party who was first elected in 2022. Aguilar was preceded by Barbara Cegavske, a Republican, who served as secretary of state from 2015 to 2023.
Deaths in January 1991
The following is a list of notable deaths in January 1991.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Gymnastics at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 1956 Summer Olympics was represented by 15 events: 7 for women and 8 for men. All events were held at the West Melbourne Stadium between December 3 and December 7. It is located some 3.4 km north-west of the main Olympic venue, Melbourne Cricket Ground, and was renamed Festival Hall.
Supercooling
Supercooling, also known as undercooling, is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid. Per the established international definition, supercooling means "cooling a substance below the normal freezing point without solidification". While it can be achieved by different physical means, the postponed solidification is most often due to the absence of seed crystals or nuclei around which a crystal structure can form. The supercooling of water can be achieved without any special techniques other than chemical demineralization, down to −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F). Supercooled water can occur naturally, for example in the atmosphere, animals or plants.

This phenomenon was first described in 1724 by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, while developing the Fahrenheit scale.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit FRS (24 May 1686 – 16 September 1736) was a physicist, inventor, and scientific instrument maker. He was born in Poland to a family of German origin, although he spent much of his life in the Dutch Republic. Fahrenheit significantly improved the design and manufacture of thermometers; his were accurate and consistent enough that different observers, each with their own Fahrenheit thermometers, could reliably compare temperature measurements with each other. Fahrenheit is also credited with producing the first successful mercury-in-glass thermometers, which were more accurate than the spirit-filled thermometers of his time and of a generally superior design. The popularity of his thermometers also led to the widespread adoption of his Fahrenheit scale, with which they were provided.
Battle of El Manzano
The Battle of El Manzano, also known as the Battle of Pachacamac was a confrontation between Peruvian and Chilean forces that occurred on December 27, 1880 in the El Manzano hills on the south side of the Lurín River during the Lima campaign during the War of the Pacific.

Lurín River
The Lurín River is a 108.57 km (67.46 mi) long watercourse located in the Lima Region of Peru. It originates in the glaciers and lagoons of the western Andes. It is known as the Chalilla River until joining the Taquía creek where it receives its common name. Its main tributaries are the Taquía, Llacomayqui, Tinajas, Numinkancha and Kanchawara on its left bank and the Chamacna on its right bank. It crosses the provinces Huarochirí and Lima in the Lima region before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The drainage basin of the Lurín River covers an area of 1,670 km2 (640 sq mi).
Leslie Bartlett
Leslie Bartlett (died 2004) was a butler, toastmaster and founder of the London School of British Butlers.

He also was an advisor to the 1995 film The Grotesque. The film had mediocre success but included singer Sting as part of the cast who was advised by Leslie on how to be a Butler.

In a career spanning over 60 years Leslie was closely affiliated with several members of the British Royal family, most notably the Queen Mother.

Later in life he dedicated his time into training young people that wished to follow the Butler profession, producing some of the best professionals in Private Service

Toastmaster
Toastmaster is a general term, prevalent in the United States in the mid-20th century, referring to a person in charge of the proceedings of a public speaking event. The toastmaster is typically charged with organization of the event, arranging the order of speakers, introducing one or more of the speakers, and keeping the event on schedule.  Such meetings typically include civic events, service organization meetings, and banquets for various purposes.
L0 Series
The L0 Series (Japanese: L（エル）0（ゼロ）系（けい）, Hepburn: Eru-zero-kei; "L zero series") is a high-speed maglev train which the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) has been developing and testing. JR Central plans to use the L0 series on the Chūō Shinkansen railway line between Tokyo and Osaka, which is under construction.

The L0 series uses the Japanese-designed SCMaglev system. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Nippon Sharyo, a subsidiary of JR Central, are building fourteen pre-production vehicles.

A seven-car train set a land speed record for rail vehicles of 603 km/h (375 mph) on 21 April 2015. The trains will run at a maximum speed of 500 km/h (311 mph) in commercial service, offering journey times of 40 minutes between Tokyo (Shinagawa Station) and Nagoya, and 1 hour 7 minutes between Tokyo and Osaka.

Shinagawa Station
Shinagawa Station (Japanese: 品川駅, Hepburn: Shinagawa-eki) is a major railway station in the Takanawa and Konan districts of Minato, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), and the private railway operator Keikyu. The Tokaido Shinkansen and other trains to the Miura Peninsula, Izu Peninsula, and the Tōkai region pass through here. Though a major station in Tokyo, Shinagawa is not served by the Tokyo subway network. However, it is connected to the Toei Asakusa Line via Keikyu through services.

Despite its name, the station is not located in Shinagawa ward. Shinagawa is also commonly used to refer to the business district around the station, which is in Takanawa and Konan neighborhoods of Minato, directly north of Shinagawa ward.

This station is just south of a large yard complex consisting of Shinagawa Carriage Sidings, Shinagawa Locomotive Depot, and Tamachi Depot.
Leon Boles
Leon Boles (September 25, 1887 – April 26, 1914) was an American Negro league catcher in the 1910s.

A native of Missouri, Boles played for the Leland Giants in 1911. In four recorded games, he posted one hit in 16 plate appearances. Boles died in Chicago, Illinois in 1914 at age 26.

Leland Giants
The Leland Giants, originally the Chicago Union Giants, were a Negro league baseball team that competed independently during the first decade of the 20th century. The team was formed via a merge of the Chicago Unions and the Chicago Columbia Giants in 1901, and then split in 1910 to form the Chicago Giants and what would become known as the Chicago American Giants.  The team was named after its owner and manager, Frank Leland.
Bio-Hazard Battle
Bio-Hazard Battle, released in Japan as Crying: Aseimei Sensou (クライング 亜生命戦争, Crying: Sublife War), is a 1992 scrolling shooter released for the Sega Genesis and Sega Mega Play arcade platform. It was made available on the Wii's Virtual Console in February 2007. The game was also re-released on the Steam platform in October 2010. An unreleased X68000 version exists currently under ownership of M2 CEO Naoki Horii.

X68000
The X68000 (Japanese: エックス ろくまんはっせん, Hepburn: Ekkusu Rokuman Hassen) is a home computer created by Sharp Corporation. It was first released in 1987 and sold only in Japan.

The initial model has a 10 MHz Motorola 68000 CPU, 1 MB of RAM, and lacks a hard drive. The final model was released in 1993 with a 25 MHz Motorola 68030 CPU, 4 MB of RAM, and optional 80 MB SCSI hard drive. RAM in these systems is expandable to 12 MB, though most games and applications do not require more than 2 MB.

The X68000 has graphics hardware similar to arcade video games of the late-1980s, with custom coprocessors supporting scrolling, tiled backgrounds, and large numbers of sprites. Sound is supplied through multiple sound chips supporting 8 channels of FM synthesis and one channel of adaptive differential pulse-code modulation audio, which are mixed down to 2 analog stereo channels via a DAC chip. As such, video gaming was a major use of the X68000.
Mini-Moni Songs 2
Minimoni Songs 2 (ミニモニソングズ2, Minimoni Songuzu Tsū) is the second album  (excluding soundtrack albums) of the Morning Musume subgroup Minimoni. It was released February 11, 2004 under the Zetima label with the catalog number EPCE-5265, and peaked at number 11 on the Oricon sales charts.

Up-Front Group
Up-Front Group Co., Ltd. (株式会社アップフロントグループ, Kabushiki gaisha Appu-Furonto Gurūpu) is a Japanese holding company for various entertainment companies. Its subsidiaries include the talent agency Up-Front Promotion and Up-Front Works, a music production and sales company that manages such record labels as Zetima, Piccolo Town, and Hachama.
Girls on Probation
Girls on Probation is a 1938 American crime film directed by William C. McGann and written by Crane Wilbur. The film stars Jane Bryan, Ronald Reagan, Anthony Averill, Sheila Bromley, Henry O'Neill and Elisabeth Risdon. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on August 22, 1938.

William McGann
William C. McGann (April 15, 1893 – November 15, 1977) was an American film director. He directed more than 50 films between 1930 and 1942. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and died in Los Angeles, California. He worked for ten years for the Warner studios as director and assistant director, until 1939.
Battle of Hoogstraten
The Battle of Hoogstraten was fought on 11 January 1814 between a French army, led by François Roguet, and a Russo-Prussian-British army, led by Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow. The battle, which ended in a Prussian victory, consisted of a series of engagements situated between Essen and Turnhout. The battle was named after Hoogstraten, the main town of the Kempen region.

Essen, Belgium
Essen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛsə(n)] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp, notable for being bordered by the Netherlands on three sides. As of September 2022, it has a population of 19,029 residents. The town belongs to both the electoral canton of Brecht and the judicial canton of Kapellen and is situated in the region of Noorderkempen.
Eugen Prym
Eugen Prym (15 December 1843 in Düren – 6 May 1913 in Bonn) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Semitic languages, especially Arabic and Aramaic. He was the brother of mathematician Friedrich Prym (1841–1915), and is the great-great grandfather of historian, philosopher, and MacArthur Fellow Jacob Soll.

He studied comparative linguistics and Oriental languages at the universities of Berlin, Leipzig and Bonn, receiving his doctorate in 1868 with a thesis on the Islamic polymath Ibn Khallikan. As a student, his influences included Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer in Leipzig and Johann Gildemeister at the University of Bonn. From November 1868, with Albert Socin, he carried out linguistic research for one and a half years in the Middle East. Following his return to Bonn, he gave lectures in Semitic languages at the University, where in 1890 he attained a full professorship. In addition to Semitic languages, he also taught classes on Sanskrit and Persian.

Comparative linguistics
Comparative linguistics is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.

Genetic relatedness implies a common origin or proto-language and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct proto-languages and specify the changes that have resulted in the documented languages. To maintain a clear distinction between attested and reconstructed forms, comparative linguists prefix an asterisk to any form that is not found in surviving texts. A number of methods for carrying out language classification have been developed, ranging from simple inspection to computerised hypothesis testing. Such methods have gone through a long process of development.
Innokentyevka, Arkharinsky District, Amur Oblast
Innokentyevka (Russian: Иннокентьевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Innokentyevsky Selsoviet of Arkharinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 405 in 2018. There are 12 streets.

Arkharinsky District
Arkharinsky District  (Russian: Архари́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 14,355 square kilometers (5,542 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Arkhara. Population: 17,186 (2010 Census); 21,068 (2002 Census); 27,537 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Arkhara accounts for 55.8% of the district's total population.
Paciorek
Paciorek is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jaromír Paciorek (1979–2025), Czech football player

Jim Paciorek (born 1960), American baseball player, brother of John and Tom

John Paciorek (born 1945), American baseball player

Tom Paciorek (born 1946), American baseball player

John Paciorek
John Francis Paciorek (/pəˈtʃɔːrɪk/; born February 11, 1945) is an American former professional baseball player. He attended high school in Michigan, and was signed by the Houston Colt .45s while playing for the school's baseball team. After a season in the minor leagues, he was promoted to the Colt .45's active roster, and played in one game at the end of the 1963 Houston Colt .45s season. In that game, he had three hits and two walks. However, injuries cut his career short; he missed most of 1964 and 1965 due to surgery, and retired after playing parts of four more seasons in the minors. He returned to school, graduated from the University of Houston, and became a physical education teacher after retiring.

Paciorek is rare among Major League Baseball players in having a perfect batting average of 1.000. He is the only player to achieve this distinction with more than two at bats. His two brothers, Jim Paciorek  and Tom Paciorek, also played in the major leagues.
Mammame
Mammame is a 1986 French dance film directed by Chilean filmmaker Raúl Ruiz based on French choreographer Jean-Claude Gallotta's modern ballet of the same name. Critic Jonathan Rosenbaum argued that it "rivals The Red Shoes as the most intoxicating dance film ever made".

Jonathan Rosenbaum
Jonathan Rosenbaum (born February 27, 1943) is an American film critic and author. Rosenbaum was the head film critic for The Chicago Reader from 1987 to 2008. He has published and edited numerous books about cinema and has contributed to such notable film publications as Cahiers du cinéma and Film Comment.

Regarding Rosenbaum, French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard said, "I think there is a very good film critic in the United States today, a successor of James Agee, and that is Jonathan Rosenbaum. He's one of the best; we don't have writers like him in France today. He's like André Bazin."
Leon Gajecki
Leon J. Gajecki (December 10, 1917 – November 2, 2000) was an American football player.

Gajecki was born in 1917 in Colver, Pennsylvania, and attended Ebensburg High School.

He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team from 1937 to 1940.  He was selected by both the Newspaper Enterprise Association and Liberty magazine as a first-team center on the 1940 All-America college football team.

Gajecki was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers with the 142nd pick in the 1940 NFL draft. He played for the Jersey City Giants of the American Football League from 1946 to 1948.

After retiring from football, he settled in Pitman, New Jersey. He coached the football team at Glassboro State College in the mid-1960s. He also worked as a fuel technologist for more than 30 years for Exxon. He was inducted into the Cambria County Sports Hall of Fame in 1971. He died in 2000 at age 82 at the Greenbriar West Nursing Home in Woodbury, New Jersey.

Colver, Pennsylvania
Colver is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 959 at the 2010 census.

Colver got its name from B. Dawson Coleman and John Heisley Weaver, using the first three letters of Coleman and the last three letters of Weaver. Revloc is the reverse spelling of Colver.