hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Biscoe
John Biscoe (28 April 1794 – 1843) was an English mariner and explorer who commanded the first expedition known to have sighted the areas named Enderby Land and Graham Land along the coast of Antarctica. The expedition also found a number of islands in the vicinity of Graham Land, including the Biscoe Islands that were named after him.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Buletin Malam
Buletin Malam, (literally Nightly Bulletin) is the first newscast containing international stories ever produced by a private television network in Indonesia. it was launched on 1 February 1991 on RCTI, Buletin Malam which was then hosted by Helmi Johannes and Desi Anwar. The newscast is a half-hour pre-midnight news program and it continues to be one of the strongest late night shows in Indonesian television industry, Buletin Malam was also carried by RCTI's then sister network SCTV.

On 9 February 2009, Seputar Indonesia was revamped and is the only news program on RCTI, now called Satu Seputar Indonesia. The morning news program, Nuansa Pagi was renamed Seputar Indonesia Pagi. The afternoon news program, Buletin Siang renamed Seputar Indonesia Siang. The late night news program, Buletin Malam was renamed Seputar Indonesia Malam. The main evening edition retained the Seputar Indonesia name due to the historical context.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
Andragoras (Seleucid satrap)
Not to be mistaken for Andragoras, a satrap of Alexander from 331 BC, also in the area of Parthia.

Andragoras (Greek: Ἀνδραγόρας; died 238 BC) was an Iranian satrap of the Seleucid provinces of Parthia and Hyrcania under the Seleucid rulers Antiochus I Soter and Antiochus II Theos. He later revolted against his overlords, ruling independently from 245 BC till his death.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
In-young
In-young is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Choi In-young (born 1962), South Korean football player

Hwang In-young (born 1978), South Korean actress

Park Inyoung (born 1982), South Korean singer

Seo In-young (born 1984), South Korean singer

Yoo In-young (born Yoo Hyo-min, 1984), South Korean actress

Hong In-young (born 1985), South Korean actress

Song In-young (born 1990), South Korean football player

Seo In-young
Seo In-young (Korean: 서인영; born September 3, 1984), also known as Elly, is a South Korean singer, dancer, model, television host, and actress.  She was a member of girl group Jewelry and featured on the reality show We Got Married with Crown J.  In May 2012, Seo established her own private entertainment company, IY Company. Seo also hosted the beauty program Star Beauty Show (2012).
Angels–Athletics rivalry
The Angels–Athletics rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) divisional rivalry played between the Angels and the Athletics. Both teams compete as member clubs of the American League (AL) West division, and both teams have grown a steady rivalry since the Athletics' relocation to California and to the AL West in 1968. Though not as intense as the Dodgers–Giants rivalry equivalent in the National League (NL) West; the A's and Angels have often battled for the division title on numerous occasions, with the added animosity between Northern and Southern California fueling the matchups. Despite this; the Athletics' impending relocation to Las Vegas likely wouldn't exclude geography as a factor, as Las Vegas is closer in proximity to Southern California. The Athletics lead the series 543–499, and the two teams have yet to meet in the postseason.

National League West
The National League West is one of Major League Baseball's six divisions. This division was created for the 1969 season when the National League (NL) expanded to 12 teams by adding the San Diego Padres and the Montreal Expos. For purpose of keeping a regular-season of 162 games, half of the teams were put into the new East Division and half into the new West Division. Within each division, the teams played 18 games each against their five division mates (90 games), and also 12 games against the teams in the opposite division (72 games), totaling 162 games. Prior to 1969, the National League had informal, internal divisions strictly for scheduling purposes.
Düsseldorf's cartwheeler
The Düsseldorf's cartwheeler (Radschläger in German) is the oldest tradition of Düsseldorf and became one of their famous landmarks. This tradition was honoured in 1954 by the erection of a fountain, called Cartwheeler's Fountain, in Düsseldorf's Burgplatz.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
Kristjan Teder
Kristjan Teder (30 June 1901 – 2 April 1960) was an Estonian painter.

Teder was born in Priipalu (now Valga Parish), in the Kreis Dorpat of the Governorate of Livonia. As a teenager, he was a soldier in the Estonian War of Independence. From 1919-1925 he studied at Pallas Art School under the guidance of Konrad Mägi and Ado Vabbe. From 1926 until 1928, he studied in Paris.

Since 1945, he was a member of the onian Artists' Union. Many of his paintings depict some kind of flowers, but he also painted landscapes, dnd portraits.

Teder died in Tartu in 1960, aged fifty-nine.

Pallas Art School (1919–1940)
Pallas Art School (Estonian: Kõrgem Kunstikool Pallas) was an Estonian art school which existed from 1919 to 1944 in Tartu. The school was the first Estonian art school that offered higher education in art.

The school was established in 1919 by the Pallas Art Society. Key persons in its establishment were Konrad Mägi, Aleksander Tassa, Ado Vabbe, Johannes Einsild, and Anton Starkopf. The school offered courses in painting, graphics, and sculpture.

The building was destroyed in a fire during street battles of the Soviet Tartu Offensive on 26 August 1944.

After the fire, surviving items from the basement (supplies and ovens) were taken to the Ugala premises, where the Tartu State Art Institute was established and operated from 1944 to 1951, when it merged with the State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR in Tallinn.
Cascadel, California
Cascadel (Mono: hoojowih) is a former settlement in Madera County, California.

It was located in the Sierra Nevada, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of North Fork.

It was originally the Native American Mono village of Hoojowih. A post office operated at Cascadel from 1892 to 1896.

Madera County, California
Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ; Madera, Spanish for "Wood"), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat. Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.

The name Madera is Spanish for "wood," a reference to the county’s early lumber industry. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie within the county, and tourism, along with agriculture—particularly almonds, grapes, and pistachios—form major parts of the local economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county’s median household income is below the state average, and its poverty rate is higher than the California average.
IX Corps (Union army)
IX Corps (Ninth Army Corps) was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War that distinguished itself in combat in multiple theaters: the Carolinas, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi.

Carolinas
The Carolinas (informally Carolina) are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered together as a historical or cultural entity. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and south.

The Carolinas originally formed the British Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 until they were declared two separate royal colonies in 1729. The land had previously been a part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is a feminine form of the Latin word Carolus, meaning "Charles".

The Carolinas have a total of 15,557,813 residents. The largest city of the Carolinas (ranked by land area and population) is Charlotte, North Carolina.
Ole Olsen (sport shooter)
Ole Olsen (7 June 1869 – 7 September 1944) was a Danish sport shooter who competed at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1908, he finished fourth with the Danish team in the team free rifle competition and eighth in the team military rifle event. Four years later, he won the bronze medal as a member of the Danish team in the team free rifle competition. In the 300 m free rifle, three positions event, he finished twelfth.

Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions
The men's 300 m rifle three positions was a shooting sports event held as part of the shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1900. The competition was held on Tuesday, 2 July 1912. Eighty-four sport shooters from nine nations competed. The event was won by Paul Colas of France, the nation's first medal in the event. Denmark took the silver and bronze medals, as Lars Jørgen Madsen (in his third time competing in the event) finished second and Niels Larsen placed third.
Marcia Sherlon Barnwell
Marcia Sherlon Barnwell is a Vincentian lawyer and politician who served in the House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 2015 until 2019. A member of the New Democratic Party, she served as an opposition senator, a position appointed by the governor-general.

Prior to entering politics, Barnwell was a barrister with a focus in education, human rights, and community development. She was the recipient of a Chevening Scholarship in 2000 and 2001, and also received a professional certificate in parliamentary governance from McGill University.

Among her actions in parliament, Barnwell questioned Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves over the "alleged beating of a person in police custody". She left office at the end of her term in January 2019.

Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
The governor-general of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is the viceregal representative of the Vincentian monarch, currently King Charles III.

The office of the governor-general was created in 1979 when the islands gained independence as a Commonwealth realm.
John A. Nicholson
John Anthony Nicholson (November 17, 1827 – November 4, 1906) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, and served as U.S. Representative from Delaware.

Kent County, Delaware
Kent County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Delaware. As of the 2020 census, the population was 181,851, making it the least populous county in Delaware, but the most populous county in the United States to be the least populous in its state. The county seat is Dover, the state capital of Delaware. It is named for Kent, an English county.

Kent County comprises the Dover metropolitan area, which is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area.
Zajdy
Zajdy [ˈzai̯dɨ] (German: Saiden) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olecko, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Olecko and 129 km (80 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Olecko
Olecko [ɔˈlɛt͡skɔ] (former German: Marggrabowaⓘ since 1560, colloquially also Oletzkoⓘ, Treuburgⓘ since 1928) is a town in northeastern Poland. It is in Masuria, near Ełk and Suwałki, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is at the mouth of the Lega river which flows into the Great Olecko Lake (Jezioro Oleckie Wielkie) on its southwestern shore. Olecko is the seat of Olecko County.
Aitne (moon)
Aitne /ˈeɪtniː/, also known as Jupiter XXXI, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaiʻi led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001, and given the temporary designation S/2001 J 11. Aitne belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 million km and at an inclination of about 165°.

Aitne is about 3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,285,000 km in 712.04 days, at an inclination of 166° to the ecliptic (164° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.393.

It was named in August 2003 after Aitna or Aitne, the divine personification of Mount Etna, whose sons by Zeus (Jupiter) are the Palici, the twin Sicilian gods of geysers (other authors have them descend from Thalia and/or Hephaistos).

Aetna (nymph)
Aetna (Ancient Greek: Αἴτνη, romanized: Aítnē) was in Greek and Roman mythology a Sicilian nymph and, according to Alcimus, a daughter of Uranus and Gaia or of Briareus. Stephanus of Byzantium says that according to one account Aetna was a daughter of Oceanus. Simonides said that she had acted as arbitrator between Hephaestus and Demeter respecting the possession of Sicily. By Zeus or Hephaestus she became the mother of the Palici.

Mount Etna in Sicily was believed to have derived its name from her and under it Zeus buried Typhon, Enceladus, or Briareus. The mountain itself was believed to be the place in which Hephaestus and the Cyclopes made the thunderbolts for Zeus.
Mocho Nacional
Mocho Nacional is a beef cattle breed created in Brazil during the 20th century. It is  polled; Mocho Nacional  means "national polled" in Portuguese. Like the Caracu, it is a European-origin breed,  not Zebu. In Brazil, this breed represents less than 2% of beef cattle. Even with low popularity, it is one of the sources of the Tabapuan, another polled beef cattle breed of Brazil.

Zebu
The zebu (/ˈziːb(j)uː, ˈzeɪbuː/; Bos indicus), also known as indicine cattle and humped cattle, is a species or subspecies of domestic cattle originating in South Asia. Zebu, like many Sanga cattle breeds, differ from taurine cattle in the fatty hump on their shoulders, their large dewlap, and their sometimes-drooping ears. They are well adapted to high temperatures and are raised throughout the tropics.

The zebu is used as a draught and riding animal, as dairy cattle and beef cattle, and as a source of byproducts such as hides and dung for fuel and manure. Some small breeds such as Nadudana (also known as the miniature zebu) are also kept as pets.

In some regions, zebu have significant religious meaning.
International Conference of Physics Students
The International Conference of Physics Students (ICPS) is an annual conference of the International Association of Physics Students (IAPS).  Usually, up to 500 students from all over the world attend the event, which takes place in another country every year in August. The event includes the opportunity for students at bachelor, master and doctoral level to present their research, whilst listening and interacting with invited speakers of international reputation. During the event, usually lasting between 5 and 7 days, the IAPS holds its Annual General Meeting (AGM) and elects a new Executive Committee. The choice of the host country of ICPS is made two years in advance.

Annual general meeting
An annual general meeting (AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting of the general membership of an organization.

These organizations include membership associations and companies with shareholders.

These meetings may be required by law or by the constitution, charter, or by-laws governing the body. The meetings are held to conduct business on behalf of the organization or company.
Caught in the Act (Styx album)
Caught in the Act is a live double album by the American rock band Styx, released in 1984. It contains one new song, "Music Time," which was released as a single, reaching #40 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts.

Caught in the Act is also the name of a VHS video recording that featured the band acting out the concept established in their Kilroy Was Here album. A DVD version was released on December 11, 2007.

Shortly after this album's release, Tommy Shaw announced his departure from the band to pursue a solo career. The band then went into hiatus for the rest of the 1980s. Caught in the Act would ultimately prove to be the final album by the 1975-84 Styx lineup of Dennis DeYoung, Shaw, James Young, Chuck Panozzo, and John Panozzo. By the time Shaw returned to the band in 1995, John Panozzo's declining health prevented his participation, and he died in 1996.

Kilroy Was Here (album)
Kilroy Was Here is the eleventh studio album by the American rock band Styx, released on February 22, 1983. A concept album and rock opera about a world where rock music is outlawed, it is named after a famous World War II graffiti tag, "Kilroy was here." It was the last album of original material to be released by the "classic" lineup of Dennis DeYoung, Tommy Shaw, James "J.Y." Young, John Panozzo, and Chuck Panozzo.

The album spawned two hit singles, the synth-pop "Mr. Roboto" which later became one of their signature songs, and the power ballad "Don't Let It End." Both of them were major hits in 1983, peaking at No. 3 and No. 6 respectively, on the US Billboard Hot 100.

The album is certified platinum by the RIAA. It is the most recent studio album by the band to be certified platinum. In 2022, Rolling Stone ranked the album #50 on their list of the 50 Greatest Concept Albums of All Time.
Maxus (media agency)
Maxus was a global media agency, with services including communications strategy, media planning and buying, digital marketing, search engine marketing (SEM) through search advertising and search engine optimisation (SEO), direct response media, data analytics, and marketing ROI evaluation. In December 2011, Maxus became Campaign magazine's Global Media Network of the Year.

In December 2017, Maxus merged with sister agency MEC to form global media offering Wavemaker.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
1,4-Dinitrobenzene is one of three isomers of dinitrobenzene, with the formula C6H4(NO2)2. The 1,4-isomer is most symmetrical.  The compound is a yellow solid that is soluble in organic solvents.  It is prepared from 4-nitroaniline by diazotization followed by treatment with sodium nitrite in the presence of a copper catalyst.

Sodium nitrite
Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic. From an industrial perspective, it is the most important nitrite salt. It is a precursor to a variety of organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides, but it is probably best known as a food additive used in processed meats and (in some countries) in fish products.
Drew Christiansen
Andrew Joseph Christiansen SJ (February 20, 1945 – April 6, 2022) was an American Jesuit priest and author. He was Distinguished Professor of Ethics and Human Development at the Georgetown University Walsh School of Foreign Service, a senior fellow at the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, and the former editor-in-chief of the Jesuit magazine America. His areas of research included nuclear disarmament, nonviolence and just peacemaking, Catholic social teaching, and ecumenical public advocacy.

Michel Sabbah
Michel Sabbah (Arabic: ميشيل صباح; born 19 March 1933) is a Palestinian Catholic prelate who served as the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1987 to 2008, the first non-Italian to hold the position in more than five centuries.
1994 Virginia Slims of Florida
The 1994 Virginia Slims of Florida was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Delray Beach Tennis Center in Delray Beach, Florida in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1994 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from February 28 through March 6, 1994. First-seeded Steffi Graf won her third consecutive singles title at the event and her fifth in total.

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
Aránzazu Isabel María "Arantxa" Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾanθaθw isaˈβel maˈɾi.a aˈɾantʃa ˈsantʃeθ βiˈkaɾjo]; born 18 December 1971) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 12 weeks, as well as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 111 weeks. A defensive baseliner, Sánchez Vicario won 29 WTA Tour-level singles titles and 69 doubles titles, including 14 major titles: four in singles, six in women's doubles, and four in mixed doubles. She also won four Olympic medals and five Fed Cup titles representing Spain. In 1994, Sánchez Vicario was crowned the ITF World Champion of the year.
Elsa von Brabant
Elsa von Brabant is a figure from the Middle High German Swan knight legend from the late 13th century. She is a marginal figure in Wolfram von Eschenbach's epic Parzival. She gained new fame as the main female protagonist in Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin.

Wolfram von Eschenbach
Wolfram von Eschenbach (German: [ˈvɔlfʁam fɔn ˈɛʃn̩bax]; c. 1160/80 – c. 1220) was a German knight, poet and composer, regarded as one of the greatest epic poets of medieval German literature. As a Minnesinger, he also wrote lyric poetry.