hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baudisch reaction
In organic chemistry, the Baudisch reaction is a process for the synthesis of nitrosophenols using metal ions. Although the products are of limited value, the reaction is of historical interest as an example of metal-promoted functionalization of aromatic substrates.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (July 1893) and the American Chemical Journal (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model.
Jalmari Linna
Antti Jalmar (Jalmari) Linna (10 July 1891 – 7 April 1954) was a Finnish smallholder and politician, born in Evijärvi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1922, from 1927 to 1945 and again from 1949 to 1951, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He was the father of Ilmari Linna.

Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholder farms are often defined as those operating on less than two hectares of land.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that there are roughly 500 million smallholder farms – those covering less than two hectares – which account for about 85 percent of all farms globally but manage only around 9 percent of the world’s agricultural land.
Hugh Watts
Hugh Edmund Watts (4 March 1922 – 27 December 1993) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Somerset as an amateur player before and after the Second World War. He also played for Cambridge University in 1947, winning a blue by playing in the annual Varsity cricket match against Oxford. In his working life, he was a schoolmaster, and most of his first-class cricket was played in school holiday times.

Blue (university sport)
A blue is an award of sporting colours earned by athletes at some universities and schools for competition at the highest level. The awarding of blues began at Oxford and Cambridge universities in England. They are now awarded at a number of other British universities and at some universities in Australia and New Zealand.
Gennady Mikhaylov
Gennady Mikhaylov (Russian: Геннадий Михайлов, born 8 February 1974 in Cheboksary, Chuvash ASSR), is a former professional road bicycle racer from Russia. He last rode for UCI ProTour Team Katusha. He was part of the successful team Lotto–Adecco, in which he assisted Robbie McEwen to numerous sprint victories. He won his first professional race in 2002. Before joining Astana for the 2007 season, he spent four years with U.S. Postal Service, from 2003 until 2006.

Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union.

It occupied about 18,000 square kilometres (6,900 square miles) along the east bank of the Volga River, about 60 kilometres (37 miles) west of the river's confluence with the Kama River and some 700 kilometres (430 miles) east of Moscow.

The successor of the Chuvash Autonomous Oblast, the Chuvash ASSR was formed in 21 April 1925. It declared its sovereignty within the Soviet Union on October 24, 1990 as the Chuvash Soviet Socialist Republic.

Its primary economic activities were agricultural. Grain and fruit production and logging were emphasized. The capital city was Cheboksary.
Jacob J. Danner
Jacob J. Danner was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He served as a state representative representing Monroe County and Randolph County in the 13th Illinois General Assembly.

Randolph County, Illinois
Randolph County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 30,163. Its county seat is Chester.

Owing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is "Where Illinois Began."  It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.

The county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as "Little Egypt", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.
Pablo Records
Pablo Records was a jazz record company and label founded by Norman Granz in 1973, more than a decade after he had sold his earlier catalog (including Verve Records) to MGM Records.

Pablo initially featured recordings by acts that Granz managed: Ella Fitzgerald, Oscar Peterson, and Joe Pass. Later, the label issued recordings by Count Basie, Dizzy Gillespie, Sarah Vaughan, Milt Jackson, and Paulinho da Costa. The label also re-released 1950s recordings by Art Tatum, which Granz reacquired, and released unissued European live recordings of John Coltrane and his groups.

In January 1987, it was announced that the label had been acquired by Fantasy Records for an undisclosed amount. Eric Miller, who had worked with Norman Granz since the early 1970s, continued with Pablo as head of A&R, until the early-2000s. Fantasy continued to release previously unissued recordings using the Pablo name.

Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
Robert Bonnet (physician)
Robert Bonnet (17 February 1851 – 13 October 1921) was a German anatomist who was born in Augsburg.

In 1876 he received his doctorate at Munich, where in 1880 he began work as an assistant at the anatomical institute. The following year, he was appointed professor at the Königliche Centraltierarzneischule in Munich. In 1889 he became an associate professor at the University of Würzburg, and two years later was appointed full professor of anatomy and director of the anatomical institute at Giessen. Later in his career, he served as a professor at the Universities of Greifswald (from 1895) and Bonn (from 1907).

Bonnet was the author of many scientific works, including numerous studies dealing with the anatomy and embryology of domesticated animals. He was co-editor of Ergebnisse der Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte ("Results on anatomy and historical development"), and collaborated with Friedrich Sigmund Merkel (1845-1919) on Anatomische Hefte ("Anatomical books").

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
Online travel auction
The term online travel auction is a system of buying and selling travel products and services online by offering them up for auction and then awarding the item to the highest bidder. The need for travel auctions emanated principally due to the high cost of travel. This high cost is also what led to the growth in popularity of low-cost carriers, a concept initially pioneered by Southwest Airlines, and later mimicked by Ryanair.

As with a standard auction, the bidders, having made a judgment on how much a particular voyage is worth to them, place their bid over a set period of time. At the end of this period of time, the highest bidder wins the product at whatever price is finally reached. There are many variations to the way in which Auctions are carried out.

Like a number of other travel websites, travel auction sites pull their stock inventory in from a wide variety of suppliers. The range of products may include cruises, package holidays, hotels and flights.

Bidding fee auction
A bidding fee auction, also called a penny auction, is a type of all-pay auction in which all participants must pay a non-refundable fee to place each small incremental bid. The auction is extended each time a new bid is placed, typically by 10 to 20 seconds. Once time expires without a new bid being placed, the last bidder wins the auction and pays the amount of that bid. The auctioneer profits from both the fees charged to place bids and the payment for the winning bid; these combined revenues frequently total more than the value of the item being sold. Empirical evidence suggests that revenues from these auctions exceeds theoretical predictions for rational agents. This has been credited to the sunk cost fallacy. Such auctions are typically held over the Internet, rather than in person.
The Mark of the Angels – Miserere
The Mark of the Angels – Miserere (French: La marque des anges – Miserere) is a 2013 French thriller film directed by Sylvain White and based on Jean-Christophe Grangé's 2008 novel Miserere (novel). Headlined by Gérard Depardieu and JoeyStarr, the film is the fifth adaptation of a Grangé novel after The Crimson Rivers, Empire of the Wolves, The Stone Council and Flight of the Storks and the first for which Grangé himself did not collaborate on the screenplay. Instead, the novel was adapted by La Proie and La Chance de ma vie co-writers Laurent Turner and Luc Bossi in collaboration with director White and Yann Mège (Paris enquêtes criminelles).

The film, which benefitted from a large budget, deals with a series of mysterious murders, Nazism, private military companies and child abuse. It was poorly received by critics and failed to make an impact at the box office.

The Prey (2011 film)
The Prey (French: La proie) is a 2011 French action thriller directed by Éric Valette, written by Laurent Turner and Luc Bossi, and starring Albert Dupontel as an escaped criminal who must outwit a dogged cop (Alice Taglioni) while he attempts to rescue his daughter (Jaïa Caltagirone) from a serial killer (Stéphane Debac).
Lincoln High School (Ellwood City, Pennsylvania)
Lincoln High School is a public junior and senior high school in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania. It is the only high school in the Ellwood City Area School District. It enrolls 672 students. The school's colors are blue and white.

Ellwood City, Pennsylvania
Ellwood City is a borough primarily in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. With a small district extending into Beaver County, it lies along the Connoquenessing Creek just east of its confluence with the Beaver River. The population was 7,642 at the 2020 census. Ellwood City lies 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and 8 miles (13 km) southeast of New Castle within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Lynch-Blosse baronets
The Lynch Baronetcy of Galway – which later became Lynch-Blosse Baronetcy – is a title in the Baronetage of Ireland. It was created on 8 June 1622 for Henry Lynch, a member of an Anglo-Norman family and one of the merchant Tribes of Galway. Both he and the second Baronet represented County Galway in the Irish House of Commons. The third Baronet was a Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland). Forced to flee to France after the Glorious Revolution, his eldest son succeeded to the title and estates. The family seat was Athavallie House, Castlebar, County Mayo. The sixth Baronet assumed the additional surname of Blosse, having married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Francis Barker, heir of Tobias Blosse. The seventh Baronet also served in the Irish House of Commons representing Tuam.

The 17th baronet – Sir Richard Hely Lynch-Blosse –  is a medical doctor, working as a general practitioner in Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire.

Clifton Hampden
Clifton Hampden is a village and civil parish on the north bank of the River Thames, just over 3 miles (5 km) east of Abingdon in Oxfordshire. Since 1932 the civil parish has included the village of Burcot, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Clifton Hampden. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 662.
6th Magritte Awards
The 6th Magritte Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie André Delvaux, honored the best films of 2015 in Belgium and took place on February 6, 2016, at the Square in the historic site of Mont des Arts, Brussels beginning at 8:00 p.m. CET. During the ceremony, the Académie André Delvaux presented Magritte Awards in 22 categories. The ceremony was televised in Belgium by BeTV. Actress Marie Gillain presided the ceremony, while Charlie Dupont hosted the show for the second time.

The nominees for the 6th Magritte Awards were announced on January 12, 2016. Films with the most nominations were The Brand New Testament with ten, followed by All Cats Are Grey with nine and Alleluia with eight. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 6, 2016. The Brand New Testament won four awards, including Best Film and Best Director for Jaco Van Dormael. Other multiple winners were Alleluia also with four awards, and All Cats Are Grey with two.

Square – Brussels Convention Centre
Square – Brussels Convention Centre (previously Square – Brussels Meeting Centre) is a convention centre in Brussels, Belgium. It is run by the GL Events group and situated in cultural and historic district of Brussels near the national and international institutions, overlooking the city from the hillside of the Mont des Arts/Kunstberg.
Paraiso (Haruomi Hosono album)
Paraiso (はらいそ, Haraiso) is Haruomi Hosono's fourth solo album and Yellow Magic Band's (later Yellow Magic Orchestra) first album. This album continues the tropical style featured in Tropical Dandy and Bon Voyage co., while being influenced by the music of Hawaii and Okinawa, incorporating electronic sounds that would be later developed on Hosono's and YMO's careers. YMO, The Yellow Magic Band at this point in time, was composed of Tin Pan Alley members and studio musicians, such as Hosono's former Happy End bandmate Shigeru Suzuki and future YMO members Ryuichi Sakamoto (who would later perform an altered version of "Asatoya Yunta" in his solo career) and Yukihiro Takahashi, as well as guitarist Hirofumi Tokutake (who would later perform in Technodon and Wild Sketch Show).

Music of Hawaii
The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. Styles like slack-key guitar are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks. Hawaii also made a contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. In addition, the music which began to be played by Puerto Ricans in Hawaii in the early 1900s is called cachi cachi music, on the islands of Hawaii.

The traditional music of Hawaii's Native Hawaiian community is largely religious in nature, and includes chanting and dance music. Hawaiian music has had a notable impact on the music of other Polynesian islands; Peter Manuel called the influence of Hawaiian music a "unifying factor in the development of modern Pacific musics".
Coronation issue
In philately, a Coronation issue is an issue of postage stamps made by the British Post Office and the Post Offices of Commonwealth countries and British dependencies to celebrate the coronation of a new monarch. They were first issued for the 1937 Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth.

These stamps are often considerably more ornate and detailed than definitive issue stamps generated by the same jurisdictions; as such they are greatly favored by many collectors. A particularly favored approach is to attempt to gather all such stamps issued in honor of a particular monarch by all of the jurisdictions issuing them.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Electron resonance imaging
Electron resonance imaging (ERI) is a preclinical imaging method, together with positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography scan (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other techniques. ERI is dedicated to imaging small laboratory animals, and its unique feature is the ability to detect free radicals. This technique could also be used for other purposes, such as material science, quality of food, etc.

For in vivo imaging purposes, ERI is a minimally invasive method. It requires an intravenous injection of external substances called spin probes (usually nitroxide or triarylmethyl compounds). The main advantage of ERI modality is the ability to map the tissue microenvironment parameters, e.g., oxygen partial pressure (pO2), redox status, oxidative stress, thiol concentration, pH, inorganic phosphorus, viscosity, etc. ERI is commonly used to research in the areas of oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, and drug development.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Holy Virility
Holy Virility: The Social Construction of Masculinity is a 1981 book by Emmanuel Reynaud.

First published in France in as La Sainte Virilité, Holy Virility explores how language and society place pressure upon men to behave in line with their socially gendered role.
Reynaud calls for men to fight for self-realization in order to emancipate themselves.
He states that association of power in male sexuality prevents men from enjoying sensual sex.

Daniel Wesler-Lang, in his article Déconstruire le masculin, problèmes épistémologiques, situates Reynauds thoughts within studies of masculinity and violence.

Human male sexuality
Human male sexuality encompasses a wide variety of feelings and behaviors. Men's feelings of attraction may be caused by various physical and social traits of their potential partner. Men's sexual behavior can be affected by many factors, including evolved predispositions, individual personality, upbringing, and culture. While most men are heterosexual, and attracted only to women, there are significant minorities of homosexual men and varying degrees of bisexual men. Homosexual males are more common than homosexual females.
Wigwam Motel
The Wigwam Motels, also known as the "Wigwam Villages", is a motel chain in the United States built during the 1930s and 1940s. The rooms are built in the form of tipis, mistakenly referred to as wigwams. It originally had seven different locations: two locations in Kentucky and one each in Alabama, Florida, Arizona, Louisiana, and California.

They are very distinctive historic landmarks. Two of the three surviving motels are located on historic U.S. Route 66: in Holbrook, Arizona, and in San Bernardino, California. All three of the surviving motels are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Wigwam Motel in Cave City, Kentucky, was listed in 1988 under the official designation of Wigwam Village #2; the Wigwam Motel in Arizona was listed as Wigwam Village #6 in 2002; and the Wigwam Motel in California was listed in 2012 as Wigwam Village #7.

The Dark Wind
The Dark Wind is a crime novel by American writer Tony Hillerman, the fifth in the Joe Leaphorn/Jim Chee Navajo Tribal Police series, published in 1982. It is the second of the novels to feature Officer Jim Chee.

Now working from Tuba City, Sgt. Chee is assigned four cases by Capt. Largo. A drug-smuggling plane crashes, and Largo insists Chee stay away from that case, a tough challenge as he gathers information from Hopis, European Americans, and Navajos to solve the original cases.

Reviewers found this to have a "classic Hillerman plot", involving a plane crash, possibly illegal drugs, and a vandalized windmill on the Joint-Use lands. It is "relentlessly introspective" and "with Hillerman's moodily fine prose in full Southwest regalia", as the Hopi and the Navajo ways are contrasted, and Chee explores a white man's motivation, of revenge.
Jason Stefanik
Jason Stefanik is a Canadian poet. He is most noted for his 2018 poetry collection Night Became Years, which was shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for English-language poetry at the 2018 Governor General's Awards.

Raised in the Interlake region of Manitoba, Stefanik is based in Winnipeg. He was a founding member of the city's neither/neither arts collective, and has taught creative writing workshops for inmates at the Stony Mountain Institution.

Stony Mountain Institution
50°04′55″N 97°13′30″W﻿ / ﻿50.082°N 97.225°W﻿ / 50.082; -97.225

Stony Mountain Institution is a federal multi-security complex located in the Rural Municipality of Rockwood immediately adjacent to the community of Stony Mountain, Manitoba, about 24 km (15 mi) from Winnipeg.

The Institution (medium-security) began operations in 1877, making it the oldest running federal prison in Canada following the closure of Ontario's Kingston Penitentiary on 30 September 2013. Immediately adjacent to Stony Mountain Institution is the Rockwood Institution, a minimum-security facility established in 1962. The newest addition to Stony Mountain, the maximum-security unit, opened in 2014.
Sanctipaulus mendesi
Sanctipaulus mendesi is a species of fossil caddisfly, known from a single specimen. It was found in the Geopark of Paleorrota in Santa Maria Formation in rocks dating from the Triassic. It was found in 1955 in a shipment made by Irajá Damiani Pinto.

Irajá Damiani Pinto
Irajá Damiani Pinto (July 3, 1919 – June 21, 2014), was a Brazilian paleontologist and professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS in Portuguese), a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and a two time president of the Brazilian Geological Society.