hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cold quasar
A cold quasar is a rare population of luminous unobscured quasars associated with starburst galaxies with a high rate of star formation of about 1000 solar masses per year. These quasars have a significant amount of cold gas at the center of the galaxy. Theses rare types of quasars are not well explained by simplistic models of quasar evolution and fueling.

There are 64 galaxies that are described to host a cold quasar.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Frank Deasy
Frank Deasy (19 May 1959 – 17 September 2009) was an Irish screenwriter. He won an Emmy Award for the television series Prime Suspect and was also nominated for his works, Looking After Jo Jo and The Grass Arena. His other works included the BBC/HBO mini-series, The Passion.

Preceding his death from liver cancer on 17 September 2009, Deasy spoke in public about his condition. An appearance on RTÉ Radio 1's Liveline led to a record increase in organ donor card requests in Ireland.

The Grass Arena
The Grass Arena is an autobiography that was made into a British film released in 1991.  It is based on the true story of John Healy. The book had been out of print for a number of years, but was re-issued on 31 July 2008.
Jackson-Reed High School
Jackson-Reed High School (formerly known as Woodrow Wilson High School) is a public high school in Washington, DC. It serves grades 9 through 12 as part of the District of Columbia Public Schools. The school sits in the Tenleytown neighborhood, at the intersection of Chesapeake Street and Nebraska Avenue, NW. Although it primarily serves students in Washington's Ward 3, nearly 30% of the student body lives outside the school's district boundaries.

Opened in 1935, the school was originally named for Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States. It was renamed in 2022 for Edna Burke Jackson, the school's first African American teacher, and Vincent Reed, its first African American principal. The school building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 and extensively renovated in 2010–2011.

High school in the United States
High school or senior high school is the education students receive in the final stage of secondary education in the United States. In the United States, most high schoolers are ages 14–18, but some ages could be delayed due to how their birthday coincides with the academic calendar. Most comparable to secondary schools, high schools generally deliver phase three of the ISCED model of education. High schools have subject-based classes. The name high school is applied in other countries, but no universal generalization can be made as to the age range, financial status, or ability level of the pupils accepted. In North America, most high schools include grades 9 through 12. Students attend them following graduation from middle school (often alternatively called junior high school).
Palmer Cemetery
Palmer Cemetery, originally known as the Kensington Burial Grounds, was established around 1732 in the Fishtown section of Philadelphia.

The cemetery holds the remains of many of the original families of Kensington such as the Cramp and Shibe Families. There are veterans of every war buried here, beginning with the American Revolutionary War. There are markers for veterans of the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War.

The cemetery is also home to one of the first memorials to local World War I Veterans (1921). The exact number of burials is unknown, but it is estimated that 40,000 to 50,000 people are buried in Palmer Cemetery.  The cemetery is maintained by volunteer trustees who oversee its operation and preservation.

Palmer Cemetery is a 501c3 Non profit. All donation are used for the care and preservation of the historic grounds.

William Cramp & Sons
William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company (also known as William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Company) was an American shipbuilding company based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1830 by William Cramp. During its heyday in late 19th century, it was the preeminent American iron shipbuilder.
CoDex 1962: A Trilogy
CoDex 1962: A Trilogy is a 2018 cross-genre novel written by Icelandic author Sjón. The trilogy is a collection of Sjón’s previously published works from 1994, 2001, and 2016. The book is narrated by protagonist Jósef Loewe, a clay figure animated into a human, and follows the story of his conception and life.

CoDex 1962 is structured into three parts: Thine Eyes Did See My Substance (A Love Story), Iceland’s Thousand Years (A Crime Story), and I’m a Sleeping Door (A Science Fiction Story), encompassing times from the early 20th century to the present day. The book's narration mimics the oral tradition of various folktales and religious texts, taking influence from Icelandic folklore and The Bible, with the narrator often expanding upon the plot by referencing these stories. CoDex 1962 explores themes of nationalism, social injustice, and the Jewish resettlement in Iceland during World War II.

In 2019, CoDex 1962 was longlisted for the Best Translated Book Award.

History of the Jews in Iceland
The history of the Jews in Iceland begins with the arrival of the first Jewish trader in 1625. In 2023, around 300 Jews were living in Iceland. The first rabbi to be permanently located in Iceland since 1918 moved to the country in 2018.
Otuz-Adyr
Otuz-Adyr (Kyrgyz: Отуз-Адыр) is a village in Kara-Suu District of Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is the administrative center of the Otuz-Adyr rural community (ayyl aymagy). Its population was 6,597 in 2021.

Osh Region
Osh is a region of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Osh, which is not part of the region. It is bounded (clockwise) by Jalal-Abad Region, Naryn Region, China (Xinjiang), Tajikistan (Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region), Batken Region, and Uzbekistan (Andijan and Fergana Regions). Its total area is 28,934 km2 (11,171 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,391,649 as of January 2021. According to the 2009 census, 28% of the total population are ethnic Uzbeks.
Spanish Evangelical Church
The Spanish Evangelical Church (Spanish: Iglesia Evangélica Española [IEE]) is a united denomination; Presbyterians, Methodists, Lutherans, Congregationalists participated in the merger. It was established in the wake of religious tolerance in Spain in 1869. The first General Assembly was in Seville in 1872, where the name of the Spanish Christian Church was adopted, later changed to the current name.

In 1980 it was officially recognised by the government. It is a member of the Evangelical Federation of Spain, and the World Communion of Reformed Churches and has good contact with the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church and the World Methodist Council.

It recognises the Apostles Creed, Athanasian Creed, Nicene Creed, Heidelberg Catechism and Second Helvetic Confession. Partner churches are the Reformed Church of France, the Church of Scotland, and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. The Iglesia Evangélica Española has about 10,000 members in 40 congregations and 50 house fellowships.

Presbyterian Church in Ireland
The Presbyterian Church in Ireland (PCI; Irish: Eaglais Phreispitéireach in Éirinn; Ulster-Scots: Prisbytairin Kirk in Airlann) is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the Republic of Ireland, and the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland. Like most Christian churches in Ireland, it is organised on an all-island basis, in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The church has approximately 210,000 members.
Sajood Sailani
Sajood Sailani (born Ghulam Mohammed Wani; 1936 – 17 November 2020) was a Kashmiri playwright, painter, theater artist, cartoonist and a poet. He is primarily recognized for his radio plays written in regional languages. He produced his work in Urdu and Kashmiri languages and wrote about 150 radio plays, 27 stage dramas and 40 comedies throughout his career. In the latter years of his career, he wrote a play titled Kaej Raath, leading him to become the recipient of Sahitya Akademi Award under Kashmiri category in 1994. He also served as a member of Sahitya Akademi's advisory board from 1973 to 1977 and in 1990.

He was born as Ghulam Mohammed Wani around 1936 in Dalgate Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. He is survived by three children, including two sons Showkat Shehri (playwright and writer) and Manzoor Ahmad (psychiatrist) and a daughter.

Sahitya Akademi
The Sahitya Akademi is an organisation recognised as India's "National Academy of Letters", dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India. Founded on 12 March 1954, it is supported by, though independent of, the Indian government. Its office is located in Rabindra Bhavan near Mandi House in Delhi.

The Sahitya Akademi organises national and regional workshops and seminars; provides research and travel grants to authors; publishes books and journals, including the Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature; and presents the annual Sahitya Akademi Award of INR. 100,000 in each of the 24 languages it supports, as well as the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement.

The Sahitya Akademi Library is one of the largest multi-lingual libraries in India, with a rich collection of books on literature and allied subjects.

It publishes two bimonthly literary journals: Indian Literature in English and Samkaleen Bharatiya Sahitya in Hindi.
2011 Scottish Women's Premier League Cup
The 2011 Scottish Women's Premier League Cup was the 10th edition of the SWPL Cup competition, which began in 2002. The competition was to be contested by all 12 teams of the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL

Scottish Women's Premier League
The Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) is the highest level of league competition in women's football in Scotland. Its two divisions are SWPL (previously styled as SWPL 1) and SWPL 2. The league was formed when the Premier Division of the Scottish Women's Football League (SWFL) broke away to form the SWPL in 2002. SWPL 2 was introduced in 2016.

The divisions contain (in the 2022–23 season) 12 clubs in SWPL and eight in SWPL 2. Glasgow City have won 16 championships, including 14 in succession from 2007–08 until 2020–21. The champions and runners-up qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

From 2002, the league was owned and managed by Scottish Women's Football. Administration of the SWPL was taken over by the Scottish Football Association in 2007, then by the Scottish Professional Football League in 2022. The SWPL runs on the winter calendar but operated a summer-season format from 2009 until 2020.
Madame Melville
Madame Melville is a play by Richard Nelson.  It is set in Paris in 1966 and is about an American student, Carl, who finds himself alone in the flat of Claudie, one of his teachers.  They find there is much to discover - about art, life, love, each other and themselves.

When produced in London in 2000 at the Vaudeville Theatre, it marked the return of Macaulay Culkin to acting after a six-year hiatus.  It also starred Irene Jacob as Claudie and Madeleine Potter as Ruth.

Madeleine Potter
Madeleine Daly Potter is an American actress who has played roles in over 20 films and TV shows, including four productions directed by James Ivory. She has also appeared in numerous stage productions in the United States and United Kingdom. She made her New York stage debut in Loves Labor's Lost at The Shakespeare Center, produced by the Riverside Shakespeare Company in 1981.
Willie Miller (footballer, born 1910)
William Rennie Miller (19 January 1910 – 20 February 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an inside forward. He was nicknamed 'Golden Miller', after a famous racehorse of the time.

Golden Miller
Golden Miller (1927–1957) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who is the most successful Cheltenham Gold Cup horse ever, winning the race in five consecutive years between 1932 and 1936. He also is the only horse to win both of the United Kingdom's premier steeplechase races - the Cheltenham Gold Cup and the Grand National - in the same year (1934).
The Supreme Florence Ballard
The Supreme Florence Ballard is a 2001 release by Universal Music Group's Spectrum Music. The release compiles the 1968 ABC Records solo recordings of Florence Ballard with four Motown tracks she recorded lead vocals for whilst in The Supremes. The ABC Records album, originally titled You Don't Have To, was shelved and bootlegged heavily preceding the compilation's release. Ballard's second ABC single, "Love Ain't Love", was covered by Udell Anderson in 1969 and by Madeline Bell in 1971. The track "My Heart" was covered and released as a single by Linda Jones in 1969, also produced by Kerr.

Madeline Bell
Madeline Bell (born July 23, 1942) is an American soul singer, who became famous as a performer in the UK during the 1960s and 1970s with pop group Blue Mink, having arrived from the United States in the gospel show Black Nativity in 1962, with the vocal group Bradford Singers.
Khenj District
Khenj District is the largest district in Panjshir Province with a population of more than 110,000 people. It has roughly 154 villages, including Jungal Aab Village, Mata Village, Ishkesho Village, Pawat Village and Peshghoor. Khenj District is famous for its mining of emeralds. Many people in the district work as farmers and miners.

Panjshir Province
Panjshir persian: پنجشیر , lit. 'five lions'), commonly known as Panjsher, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country containing the Panjshir Valley. The province is divided into seven districts and contains 512 villages. The main inhabitants of the province are Shamali Tajiks, who speak Dari. As of 2021, the population of Panjshir province was about 334,940. Its current governor is Mohammad Agha Hakim.

Panjshir became an independent province from the neighboring Parwan Province in 2004. It is bordered by Baghlan and Takhar in the north, Badakhshan and Nuristan in the east, Laghman and Kapisa in the south, and Parwan in the west.
Steve Bell (American football)
Steve Bell is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois, a position he has held since 2015. Bell served as the head football coach at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois from 2000 to 2014.

Augustana College (Illinois)
Augustana College is a private Lutheran liberal arts college in Rock Island, Illinois, United States. The college enrolls approximately 2,500 students. Its campus is adjacent to the Mississippi River and covers 115 acres (46.5 ha) of hilly, wooded land.
Pewee Lake (Ontario)
Pewee Lake is a lake in Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in Algonquin Provincial Park, is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and lies astride Ontario Highway 60.

The primary inflow is an unnamed stream arriving at the south, and the primary outflow is an unnamed stream leaving at the north. It flows to Mew Lake, then via Jack Creek, the North Madawaska River, the Madawaska River and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River. The lake is at an elevation of 401 metres (1,316 ft).

The trailhead for the Highland Backpacking Trail, with 19-kilometre (12 mi) and 35-kilometre (22 mi) loops is immediately off Highway 60 on the north side of the lake, and Mew Lake Campground is adjacent at the northeast.

Ontario Highway 60
King's Highway 60, commonly referred to as Highway 60, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 255.8-kilometre (158.9 mi) highway serves as the primary corridor through Algonquin Provincial Park, where it is dedicated as the Frank McDougall Parkway. East of Algonquin Park, the route serves east–west traffic in the highlands of central Ontario. It begins at Highway 11 in Huntsville and ends at Highway 17 near Renfrew.

Highway 60 was designated in 1937 between Huntsville and Lake Dore, near where it met Highway 41. During the 1940s, the route shared a common termini with Highway 41 at Golden Lake. When Highway 41 was extended north to Pembroke in 1957, Highway 60 was routed along it between Golden Lake and Eganville. It was extended east to Highway 17 in downtown Renfrew circa 1961. It was extended further east when Highway 17 was rerouted around Renfrew in 1977, establishing the current route.
Nevada (1935 film)
Nevada is a 1935 American Western film directed by Charles Barton and written by Garnett Weston and Stuart Anthony. It is based on the 1928 novel Nevada by Zane Grey. The film stars Buster Crabbe, Kathleen Burke, Syd Saylor, Monte Blue, William Duncan and Richard Carle. The film was released on November 29, 1935, by Paramount Pictures.

The film's sets were designed by the art director David S. Garber.

Nevada (Grey novel)
"Nevada" is a 1928 Western novel by Zane Grey, a sequel to 1927's Forlorn River. Prior to its book publication it was serialized in seven issues of The American Magazine (November 1926 – May 1927). The novel was adapted for films in 1927 and 1944.
Zag, Morocco
Zag (pronounced Ezzag) (Arabic: الزاك (az-Zāq)) is a town in southern Morocco, in the Assa-Zag province of the Guelmim-Oued Noun region. It lies to the south of the town of Assa and is the last settlement on the road south from there until Western Sahara. According to the 2004 census Zag had a population of 7,751, the second-highest in the province behind Assa and the eighth-highest in the region.

Guelmim-Oued Noun
Guelmim-Oued Noun (Arabic: ڭلميم-وادي نون, romanized: gulmīm wādī nūn) is one of the twelve administrative regions of Morocco. The southeastern part of the region is located in Western Sahara, a territory that Morocco has occupied since 1975, and a small strip of land in this area is administered by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The region as a whole covers an area of 46,108 km2 and had a population of 448,152 as of the 2024 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Guelmim.
Vivekananda Mission Mahavidyalaya
Vivekananda Mission Mahavidyalaya, established in 1968, is one of the oldest colleges in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce and sciences. It is affiliated to Vidyasagar University.

Vidyasagar University
Vidyasagar University is a public state research university
that was established by an Act of the West Bengal legislature which was notified in the Calcutta Gazette on 24 June 1981. It is an affiliating university in Paschim Medinipur district of southern West Bengal, India. It offers courses at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.

It was founded by the University of Cambridge mathematician and statistician Anil Kumar Gain.
Pelican Lake (Otter Tail County, Minnesota)
Pelican Lake is a lake located about seven miles north of Pelican Rapids, in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States.  Pelican Lake is now a highly developed lake with its major uses predominantly recreation, but its fishing is also excellent.  The lake was recently discovered to be infested with zebra mussels, threatening not only Pelican Lake, but all lakes connected by the Pelican River.

Otter Tail County, Minnesota
Otter Tail County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,081, and it was estimated at 60,884 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Fergus Falls.

Otter Tail County comprises the Fergus Falls micropolitan statistical area. With 1,048, Otter Tail County has more lakes than any other county in the United States.
Lioré et Olivier LeO 12
The Lioré et Olivier LeO 12 was a large biplane designed and produced by the French aircraft manufacturer Lioré et Olivier. Designed for use as a night bomber, it was adapted to other roles, including that of a civilian airliner, following a lack of interest from the French Air Force.

The LeO 12 was a large biplane of a conventional design, with three-bay equal-span wings and twin engines mounted in nacelles on struts in the interplane gap. The independent main undercarriage units were faired in long, trouser-style spats. Construction throughout was mainly duralumin, skinned in fabric. The pilot's cockpit was open, and there was a second cockpit amidships for a gunner.

Duralumin
Duralumin (also called duraluminum, duraluminium, duralum, dural(l)ium, or dural) is a trade name for one of the earliest types of age-hardenable aluminium–copper alloys. The term is a combination of Düren, dur (a German prefix meaning "hard"), and aluminium. Its use as a trade name is obsolete. Today the term mainly refers to aluminium-copper alloys, designated as the 2000 series by the international alloy designation system (IADS), as with 2014 and 2024 alloys used in airframe fabrication.

Duralumin was developed in 1909 in Germany. Duralumin is known for its strength and hardness, making it suitable for various applications, especially in the aviation and aerospace industry. However, it is susceptible to corrosion, which can be mitigated by using alclad-duralum materials.
Crimes That Shook Britain
Crimes That Shook Britain is a television series first aired in 2008 on Crime & Investigation UK, focusing on uncovering the truth behind crimes that shocked the nation. Some episodes were also rebroadcast in random episode order from 2014 to 2019, on Channel 5 originally under the title Britain's Worst Crimes.

Through drama reconstructions, witness accounts, interviews with police and the victims families, the series explores some of Britain's most infamous cases and murderers.

1999 London nail bombings
The 1999 London nail bombings were a series of bomb explosions in London, England. Over three successive weekends between 17 and 30 April 1999, homemade nail bombs were detonated in Brixton in south London; at Brick Lane, Spitalfields, in the East End; and at the Admiral Duncan pub in Soho in the West End. Each bomb contained up to 1,500 100 mm nails in duffel bags that were left in public spaces. The bombs killed three people and injured 140 people, four of whom lost limbs.

On 2 May 1999, the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch charged 22-year-old David Copeland with murder. Copeland, who became known as the "London nail bomber", was a neo-Nazi militant and a former member of two political groups, the British National Party and then the National Socialist Movement. The bombings were aimed at London's Black, Bengali, and LGBT communities. Copeland was convicted of murder in 2000 and given six life sentences.