hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bread price-fixing in Canada
The bread price-fixing scandal in Canada refers to a group of competing bread producers, retailers and supermarket chains who reached a secret agreement among themselves to artificially inflate the price of bread at the wholesale and retail levels from late 2001 to 2015 (some sources stated that the price fixing continued into 2017). The Competition Bureau of Canada alleged, in court documents released 31 January 2018, that seven Canadian bread companies committed indictable offences in what journalist Michael Enright later termed "the great Canadian bread price-fixing scandal" of 2018. Penalties can range from $25 million to a prison term of 14 years.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Royal London Hospital
The Royal London Hospital is a large teaching hospital in Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is part of Barts Health NHS Trust. It provides district general hospital services for the City of London and Tower Hamlets and specialist tertiary care services for patients from across London and elsewhere. The current hospital building has 1248 beds and 34 wards. It opened in February 2012.

The hospital was founded in September 1740 and was originally named the London Infirmary. The name changed to the London Hospital in 1748, and in 1990 to the Royal London Hospital. The first patients were treated at a house in Featherstone Street, Moorfields. In May 1741, the hospital moved to Prescot Street, and remained there until 1757 when it moved to its current location on the south side of Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

The hospital's roof-top helipad is the London's Air Ambulance operating base.

Royal Red Cross
The Royal Red Cross (RRC) is a military decoration awarded in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth for exceptional services in military nursing. It was created in 1883, and the first two awards were to Florence Nightingale and Jane Cecilia Deeble. Deeble had served in Zulu Kingdom and the Colony of Natal during the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879, and she had noted that the work of the nurses was not recognised officially.
Opus 40
Opus 40 is a large environmental sculpture in Saugerties, New York, created by sculptor Harvey Fite (1903—1976).  It comprises a sprawling series of dry-stone ramps, pedestals and platforms covering 6.5 acres (2.6 ha) of a bluestone quarry.

Bluestone
Bluestone is a cultural or commercial name for a number of natural dimension or building stone varieties, including:

basalt in Victoria, Australia, and in New Zealand

dolerites in Tasmania, Australia; and in Britain (including Stonehenge)

feldspathic sandstone in the US and Canada

limestone in the Shenandoah Valley in the US, from the Hainaut quarries in Soignies, Belgium, and from quarries in County Carlow, County Galway and County Kilkenny in Ireland

slate in South Australia

It is unrelated to human-made blue brick.
Marshall Hotel (Chicago)
The Marshall Hotel is a historic residential hotel located at 1232 N. LaSalle Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Built in 1927, the hotel was one of several residential hotels built to house an influx of workers to Chicago in the 1920s. While the hotel offered rooms to both temporary and permanent residents, census records indicate that most of its residents were permanent. Architect Edmund Meles, who designed several hotels and apartment buildings in Chicago in the 1920s, designed the building in a mix of the Classical Revival and Renaissance Revival styles. The building has a brick exterior and features a limestone arched entrance, arched lintels with keystones around the first-floor windows, limestone quoins, and a pediment with an urn.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 27, 2017.

LaSalle Street
LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named for René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, a 17th century French explorer of the Illinois Country.  The portion that runs through the Chicago Loop is considered to be Chicago's financial district.
Brian K. Horton
Brian K. Horton (born March 23, 1970) is an American geologist, currently the Alexander Deussen Professor of Energy Resources at the Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin.
He studies sedimentary geology and tectonics, with emphasis on foreland basins and fold and thrust belts.  His research addresses nonmarine depositional systems (including fluvial megafans), sediment provenance, river catchment evolution, and mountain building along convergent plate margins (including the Tibetan Plateau, Zagros Mountains, and North American Cordillera), with a focus on the evolution of the Andes Mountains and Amazon Basin.  Horton received the Geological Society of America Donath Medal (Young Scientist Award) in 2004, an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation fellowship in 2005-2006, and the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) William R. Dickinson Medal in 2018. He is a fellow of the Geological Society of America and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

Fold and thrust belt
A fold and thrust belt is a series of mountainous foothills adjacent to an orogenic belt, which forms due to contractional tectonics. Fold and thrust belts commonly form in the forelands adjacent to major orogens as deformation propagates outwards. Fold and thrust belts usually comprise both folds and thrust faults, commonly interrelated. 
They are commonly also known as thrust-and-fold belts, or simply thrust-fold belts.
The Outsider (magazine)
The Outsider was a 1960s literary magazine published by Loujon Press.  "The Outsider" brought the work of Charles Bukowski to national attention, in addition to publishing work by such notable writers as Jack Kerouac and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, along with artwork by Noel Rockmore.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Geoff Atkinson
Geoff Atkinson is a British comedy writer and producer.

He has written and produced shows featuring Rory Bremner. He is managing director of Vera Productions, an Independent production company he established with Bremner.

Beginning his career in Punch magazine, he worked with many prominent figures in British comedy, such as Douglas Adams and John Lloyd. He was one of the main writers on Spitting Image. He has also written for Alistair McGowan, Lenny Henry, and Cannon and Ball.

In 1990 he wrote the short-lived and highly controversial sitcom Heil Honey I'm Home! for British Satellite Broadcasting scrapped after only one episode was transmitted. It was intended as a parody of 1950s American sitcoms, but featuring Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun as the lead characters.

In 2007, he was executive producer on the documentary Dispatches: Mark Thomas on Coca Cola with Mark Thomas.

British Satellite Broadcasting
British Satellite Broadcasting plc (BSB) was a short-lived television company, based in London, that provided direct broadcast satellite television services to the United Kingdom. It started broadcasting on 25 March 1990. The company was merged with Sky Television plc on 2 November 1990 to form British Sky Broadcasting.
Pogo (comic strip)
Pogo (revived as Walt Kelly's Pogo) was a daily comic strip that was created by cartoonist Walt Kelly and syndicated to American newspapers from 1948 until 1975. Set in the Okefenokee Swamp in the Southeastern United States, Pogo followed the adventures of its anthropomorphic animal characters, including the title character, an opossum. The strip was written for both children and adults, with layers of social and political satire targeted to the latter. Pogo was distributed by the Post-Hall Syndicate. The strip earned Kelly a Reuben Award in 1951.

Fantagraphics
Fantagraphics (previously Fantagraphics Books) is an American publisher of alternative comics, classic comic strip anthologies, manga, magazines, graphic novels, and (formerly) the erotic Eros Comix imprint. They have managed several awards for achievement in comic books.
Alar plate
The alar plate (or alar lamina) is a neural structure in the embryonic nervous system, part of the dorsal side of the neural tube, that involves the communication of general somatic and general visceral sensory impulses. The caudal part later becomes the sensory axon part of the spinal cord.

The alar plate specifically later on becomes the dorsal gray of the spinal cord, and also develops into the sensory nuclei of cranial nerves V, VII, VIII, IX, and X.  The inferior olivary nucleus, mesencephalic nucleus of V, and main sensory nucleus of V are also developed from this plate. The cerebellum also develops from the alar plate, particularly from the rhombic lip. This is considered an exception to the general differentiation scheme from the alar plate, as the alar plate generally gives rise to sensory derivatives.

Facial nerve
The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve VII, or simply CN VII, is a cranial nerve that emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The nerve typically travels from the pons through the facial canal in the temporal bone and exits the skull at the stylomastoid foramen. It arises from the brainstem from an area posterior to the cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) and anterior to cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve).

The facial nerve also supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to several head and neck ganglia.

The facial and intermediate nerves can be collectively referred to as the nervus intermediofacialis.
2017 Jerez Formula 2 round
The 2017 Jerez FIA Formula 2 round was a pair of motor races held on 7 and 8 October 2017 at the Circuito de Jerez in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain as part of the FIA Formula 2 Championship. It was the tenth and penultimate round of the 2017 FIA Formula 2 Championship.

After a disappointing round in Monza for championship leader Charles Leclerc with a total of 0 points to his name, the Monégasque driver took yet another pole position and prematurely clinched the championship title by winning his sixth race of the season with three races to spare. With only one weekend to go, Leclerc was leading the championship with an unassailable lead by 60 points over current runner-up Oliver Rowland.

As of 2022, Leclerc holds the record for the most pole positions in a Formula 2 season with eight.

Circuito de Jerez
Circuito de Jerez – Ángel Nieto (formerly known as Circuito de Jerez and Circuito de Velocidad Jerez), is a 4.428 km (2.751 mi) racing circuit located close to the city of Jerez de la Frontera, 90-kilometre (56 mi) south of Seville and deep within the sherry-producing region in the south of Spain. The project was led by the Spanish engineer Manuel Medina Lara, based on a preliminary idea from Alessandro Rocci.
Phát Diệm
Phát Diệm is a commune (xã) of Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam. A major landmark of the township is Phát Diệm Cathedral, a 19th-century Roman Catholic church built in an eclectic blend of Vietnamese and European architectural styles.

Commune-level town
Commune-level town (Vietnamese: thị trấn), a type of third tier subdivision of Vietnam is divided into 11,162 units along with ward and commune have equal status. By virtue of Decree No. 42/2009/ND-CP, townships are officially classified into Class-2, Class-3, Class-4 or Class-5. On 1 July 2025, as a result of a constitutional amendment and related legislation, all Commune-level towns ceased to exist.

The townships can only subordinate to district as the Third Tier unit.
Valy (Cheb District)
Valy (until 1947 Šance; German: Schanz) is a municipality and village in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants. The rural area in the northern part of the municipality is a part of spa cultural landscape of Mariánské Lázně, which is protected as an urban monument reservation.

Mariánské Lázně
Mariánské Lázně (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarɪjaːnskɛː ˈlaːzɲɛ]; German: Marienbad) is a spa town in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. Most of the town's buildings come from its Golden Era in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

The town centre with the spa cultural landscape is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation. In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its springs and architectural testimony to the popularity of spa towns in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
Para Naga
The Para people, also known as the Para Naga, are a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group inhabiting mostly in the Naga Self-Administered Zone in Myanmar. They are one of the major Naga peoples of Myanmar and mostly inhabit the area around Lay Shi Township.

Naga Self-Administered Zone
The Naga Self-Administered Zone (Burmese: နာဂကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ [nàɡa̰ kòbàɪɰ̃ ʔoʊʔtɕʰoʊʔ kʰwɪ̰ɰ̃ja̰ dèθa̰]), is a self-administered zone in the Naga Hills area of Sagaing Region of Myanmar. Its administrative seat is the town of Lahe.
Elyros (ship)
Elyros is a Greek ferry, which is the second newest ship, being part of ANEK Lines fleet, following Asterion II. She is a motor Ro-Ro/Passenger ferryboat, built in 1998 at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyard at Shimonoseki, Japan, and put into service by ANEK at 2008 (previously operated under different names and owners). It holds a total of 1,874 passengers and 620 vehicles, She has 323 passenger air type seats. She has two Pielstick 12PC4-2 engines, with combined power of 26,180 kW and reaches speeds of up to 24 knots. It also has an internet cafe. The ship has been awarded by ShipPax Awards 2009 as the ship with the best retrofit for 2008. It was named after Elyros; an ancient city of southwestern Crete.

Motor ship
A motor ship or motor vessel is a ship that is propelled by an internal combustion engine, usually a diesel engine. The names of motor ships are often prefixed with MS, M/S, MV or M/V.

Engines for motorships were developed during the 1890s, and by the early 20th century, motorships began to cross the waters.
(+)-Morphine
(+)-Morphine also known as dextro-morphine is the "unnatural" enantiomer of the opioid drug (−)-morphine. Unlike "natural" levo-morphine, unnatural dextro-morphine is not present in Papaver somniferum and is the product of laboratory synthesis.

In contrast to natural morphine, the unnatural enantiomer has no affinity or efficacy for the mu opioid receptor and therefore has no analgesic effects.  To the contrary, in rats, (+)-morphine acts as an antianalgesic and is approximately 71,000 times more potent as an antianalgesic than (−)-morphine is as an analgesic. (+)-Morphine derives its antianalgesic effects by being a selective-agonist of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which due to not binding to opioid receptors allows it to effectively reverse the analgesic properties of (−)-morphine. TLR4 is involved in immune system responses, and activation of TLR4 induces glial activation and release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and Interleukin-1.

Glia
Glia, also called glial cells (gliocytes) or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and in the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses. The neuroglia make up more than one half the volume of neural tissue in the human body. They contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis, help form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. In the central nervous system, glial cells include oligodendrocytes (that produce myelin), astrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia, and in the peripheral nervous system they include Schwann cells (that produce myelin), and satellite cells.
North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Ossetian: Цӕгат Ирыстоны Автономон Советон Социалистон Республикӕ, romanized: Tsagât Ireštone Âvtonomon Šovêton Šotsiâlišton Rêšpublika; Russian: Северо-Осетинская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика, romanized: Severo-Osetinskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union. It existed from 5 December 1936 until 9 November 1993, when it became the Republic of North Ossetia (since 1994 the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania), a federal subject of Russia.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
SCNS Higher School
The SCNS Higher School, officially known as the Higher School of the State Committee for National Security (Tajik: Мактаби олии Кумитаи амнияти миллии Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон) is a Tajik public institution under the Government of Tajikistan. Based in Dushanbe, it trains officers for the agency, which serves to maintain national security and gather intelligence for Tajikistan.

Politics of Tajikistan
The politics of Tajikistan nominally takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in both the executive branch and the two chambers of parliament.

In practice, Tajikistan is governed by President Emomali Rahmon who has headed an authoritarian regime with elements of a cult of personality since 1994. Political opponents are repressed, violations of human rights and freedoms are severe, elections are not free and fair, and corruption and nepotism are rampant. Various important government positions are occupied by his family members, such as his 37-year-old son Rustam Emomali, who is the chairman of the country's parliament and the mayor of its capital city, Dushanbe.
Cleveland Mountain Rescue Team
Cleveland Mountain Rescue Team (or Cleveland MRT) is a search and rescue team serving north-eastern Yorkshire and south-eastern County Durham, England. They were called out to 61 incidents in 2019 and 58 in 2020.

The team, based in Great Ayton, serves an area between Sandsend, the north of Hartlepool, Hurworth and Dishforth, a large part of its area being the North York Moors. It is a member of the North East Search and Rescue Association; other teams in the regional body serve Northumberland National Park, North of Tyne, Swaledale and Teesdale-and-Weardale.

Hurworth-on-Tees
Hurworth-on-Tees is a village in the borough of Darlington, within the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is situated in the civil parish of Hurworth. The village lies to the south of Darlington on the River Tees, close to its meeting point with the River Skerne, and immediately adjoins the village of Hurworth Place, which forms part of the same civil parish.
Heston Community School
Heston Community School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form situated in Heston, London, England.

It caters for a wide range of children aged between 11 and 19, including those with a hearing impairment.

Heston
Heston is a suburban area and part of the Hounslow district in the London Borough of Hounslow. The residential settlement covers a slightly smaller area than its predecessor farming village, 10.8 miles (17.4 km) west south-west of Charing Cross and adjoins the M4 motorway but has no junction with it; Heston also adjoins the Great West Road, a dual carriageway, mostly west of the "Golden Mile" headquarters section of it. Heston was, historically, in  Middlesex.
30 January 1939 Reichstag speech
On 30 January 1939, Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany, gave a speech in the Kroll Opera House to the Reichstag delegates, which is best known for the prediction he made that "the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe" would ensue if another world war were to occur.

Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels helped write the speech, which was delivered on the sixth anniversary of Hitler's seizure of power in 1933. The speech lasted two or two-and-a-half hours. It dealt with both the foreign and domestic policies of the Nazi government.

Kroll Opera House
52°31′07″N 13°22′14″E﻿ / ﻿52.51861°N 13.37056°E﻿ / 52.51861; 13.37056

The Kroll Opera House (German: Krolloper, Kroll-Oper) in Berlin, Germany, was in the Tiergarten district on the western edge of the Königsplatz square (today Platz der Republik), facing the Reichstag building. It was built in 1844 as an entertainment venue for the restaurant owner Joseph Kroll, and redeveloped as an opera house in 1851. It also served as the assembly hall of the Reichstag from 1933 to 1942. Severely damaged by the bombing of Berlin in World War II and the Battle of Berlin, it was demolished in 1951.
Ipinda
Ipinda is an administrative ward in the Kyela district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 22,976 people in the ward, from 20,847 in 2012.: 96 : 114

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.