hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PH partition theory
pH partition theory is a theory developed in the early 20th century as an attempt to explain drug bioavailability in humans. It describes the tendency for weak acids to accumulate in basic fluid compartments, and weak bases to accumulate in acidic compartments. The negative charge of deprotonated acids in basic solutions and, conversely, the positive charge state of weak bases in acidic solutions is used to explain this phenomenon as electric charge decreases membrane permeability. pH partition theory is somewhat useful in explaining the accumulation of weak acids and bases; however, many other factors influence molecular transport in living systems, so it is not a general rule.

Weak base
A weak base is a base that, upon dissolution in water, does not dissociate completely, so that the resulting aqueous solution contains only a small proportion of hydroxide ions and the concerned basic radical, and a large proportion of undissociated molecules of the base.
Reina Mercedes
Reina Mercedes refers to several topics:

"Reina Mercedes" is Spanish for "Queen Mercedes," and refers to Mercedes of Orleans, Queen Consort of Spain, wife of Alfonso XII.

Reina Mercedes was a Spanish cruiser that fought in the Spanish–American War.

USS Reina Mercedes was a ship in the United States Navy.

Reina Mercedes is a municipality in the Philippines.

Reina Mercedes Hospital, demolished to build the Cuban ice cream parlour Coppelia

Coppelia (ice cream parlor)
Coppelia is an ice cream parlor chain in Cuba, named after the ballet Coppélia. Originally built in a project led by Fidel Castro, Coppelia is state-run and sells in Cuban pesos (CUP). Havana's Coppelia employs more than 400 workers and serves 16,000 litres (4,200 US gal) of ice cream to 35,000 customers each day. It is known as Havana's "Cathedral of Ice Cream".

When business started in 1966, it ran with a count of 26 flavors and 25 combinations. Today, lines are generally long and the supply and selection of flavors is scarce, with usually only one or two available at any given time.
Principles of Optics
Principles of Optics, colloquially known as Born and Wolf, is an optics textbook written by Max Born and Emil Wolf that was initially published in 1959 by Pergamon Press. After going through six editions with Pergamon Press, the book was transferred to Cambridge University Press who issued an expanded seventh edition in 1999. A 60th anniversary edition was published in 2019 with a foreword by Sir Peter Knight. It is considered a classic science book and one of the most influential optics books of the twentieth century.

Peter Knight (physicist)
Sir Peter Leonard Knight FRS HonFInstP (born 12 August 1947) is a British physicist, professor of quantum optics and senior research investigator at Imperial College London, and principal of the Kavli Royal Society International Centre. He is a leading academic in the field of quantum optics and is the recipient of several major awards including the Royal Medal from the Royal Society and the Thomas Young Medal and Prize from the Institute of Physics. He is a former president of the Institute of Physics and Optica, the first non North American-based person to take the position.

He is described as "one of the UK’s most influential scientists and leaders of scientific policy" by his peers.
Susan G. Bond
Susan Bond (born 1942), was a scientific officer and computer programmer for the Mathematics Division of the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) in the United Kingdom. She worked extensively on the programming language ALGOL 68 and the Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer (RREAC), an early solid-state electronics, ICL 1907F computer.

Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer
The Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer (RREAC) was an early solid-state computer in 1962. It was made with transistors; many of Britain's previous experimental computers used the thermionic valve, also known as a vacuum tube.
Stanislav Jasečko
Stanislav Jasečko (born 5 December 1972) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey defenceman.

During his career, Jasečko played in the Czech Extraliga for HC České Budějovice, HC Vitkovice Steel and HC Lasselsberger Plzeň, the Swedish Elitserien for HV71, the Finnish SM-liiga for Porin Ässät, the Russian Superleague for Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk and the International Hockey League for the Grand Rapids Griffins. He also played for the Slovakia men's national ice hockey team in the 1998 Winter Olympics.

HC Vítkovice Ridera
HC Vítkovice Ridera is a professional ice hockey team based in Vítkovice, the Moravian-part of Ostrava, in the Czech Republic, competing in the Czech Extraliga. It plays at Ostravar Aréna.

The club was founded in 1928 after the merger of SK Moravská Slavia and SK Slovan Ostrava. Vítkovice were the champions of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League in the 1951–52 and 1980–81 seasons.

Its biggest rivals are HC Oceláři Třinec and HC Sparta Prague.
Nico Slain
Nico Slain is an international rugby league footballer who represented Papua New Guinea at the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. Slain is a prop by preference and played domestically in the English Championship 1 for Hunslet Hawks, after previously playing for the Goroka Lahanis in his native Papua New Guinea.

He made one appearance for the Kumuls in their 2008 World Cup campaign in a 46–6 defeat by Australia at the Dairy Farmers Stadium.

Papua New Guinea national rugby league team
The Papua New Guinea national rugby league team represents Papua New Guinea in the sport of rugby league football.

In Papua New Guinea, Rugby League is a highly popular sport and is regarded as the country's national sport. The national side are known as the Kumuls ("birds-of-paradise" in Tok Pisin).
Lomas de Sargentillo
Lomas de Sargentillo is a town located in Guayas, Ecuador. It is the seat of Lomas de Sargentillo Canton, created in 1992.

Lomas de Sargentillo Canton is one of the smallest cantons in Guayas. Its area is 71.89 km2. At the 2022 census, the canton had a population of 22,254.

1°53′S 80°05′W﻿ / ﻿1.883°S 80.083°W﻿ / -1.883; -80.083

Canton (administrative division)
A canton is a type of administrative division of a country.  In general, cantons are relatively small in terms of area and population when compared with other administrative divisions, such as counties, departments, or provinces. Internationally, the most politically important cantons are the Swiss cantons. As the constituents of the Swiss Confederation, theoretically and historically, they are semi-sovereign states.

The term is derived from the French word canton, meaning "corner" or "district" (from which "cantonment" is also derived).
Fringe gene
Fringe genes are important in the workings of the notch signaling pathway.

In Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) the fringe gene (fng) was identified as part of the notch mechanism by Dr. Kenneth Irvine at the Waksman Institute at Rutgers. Later based on similarity, the manic fringe (MFNG), the radical fringe (RFNG) and lunatic fringe (LFNG) genes were identified in mammals.

Fringe genes encode O-fucose specific β-1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcT) glycosyltransferases.

The gene products of radical fringe stimulate the Apical Ectodermal Ridge in limb-bud formation.

The mouse and human Fringe family members map to three different chromosomes:

Mfng maps to mouse Chr 15 and to human Chr 22.

Lfng maps to mouse Chr 5 and human Chr 7.

Rfng maps to mouse Chr 11 and human Chr 17.

LFNG
Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase lunatic fringe, also known as Lunatic Fringe, is a protein encoded in humans by the LFNG gene.

This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase superfamily. The encoded protein is a single-pass type II Golgi membrane protein that functions as a fucose-specific glycosyltransferase, adding an N-acetylglucosamine to the fucose residue of a group of signaling receptors involved in regulating cell fate decisions during development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described, however, not all variants have been fully characterized.
1995 Romanian Open – Singles
Franco Davín was the defending champion but was eliminated in the qualifying rounds, losing to George Cosac at the second round.

Thomas Muster won the title by defeating his compatriot Gilbert Schaller 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Muster won his 11th title in this season, after also winning at Mexico City, Estoril, Barcelona, Monte Carlo, Rome, Paris, Sankt Pölten, Stuttgart, San Marino and Umag. With the win, he broke the previous record of 10 titles settled by Pete Sampras during the 1994 season.

1995 Italian Open – Men's singles
Thomas Muster defeated Sergi Bruguera in the final, 3–6, 7–6(7–5), 6–2, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1995 Italian Open.

Pete Sampras was the defending champion, but was defeated in the first round by Fabrice Santoro.
Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (abbreviated Aze or Azc) is a plant non-protein amino acid homologue of proline with the molecular formula C4H7NO2. Aze is a heterocyclic, 4 membered ring with nitrogen as its heteroatom (an azetidine), and a carboxylic acid group substituted on one of the ring carbon atoms.  The main difference between Aze and proline is the ring of Aze has four members and the ring of proline has five. Aze has the ability to act as an analog of proline and can be incorporated into proteins in place of proline.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
WBUK
WBUK (106.3 FM) – branded 106.3 The Fox – is a commercial classic rock radio station licensed to Ottawa, Ohio.  Owned by the Findlay Publishing Company through licensee Blanchard River Broadcasting, the station serves the Northwest Ohio counties of Putnam, Hancock, and Allen.  The WBUK studios are located in the city of Findlay, while the station transmitter resides near the village of Pandora.

Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.
Pittsfield Historic District
Pittsfield Historic District is a historic district in Pittsfield, Illinois, the county seat of Pike County. The district is centered on the Pike County Courthouse and the surrounding courthouse square; it also encompasses nearby residential areas. The courthouse was built in 1894–95; architect Henry Elliott based its Romanesque design off his earlier design for the Edgar County, Illinois, courthouse. The district's historic commercial buildings are mostly located on the courthouse square, which surrounds the courthouse; these buildings are mainly two-story brick structures. The Italianate and Queen Anne styles are prevalent among the district's houses, with the former being the most prominent; the Greek Revival and Federal styles are also common in the district's earlier homes.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 4, 1980.

Edgar County Courthouse
The Edgar County Courthouse, located in Paris, Illinois, is the county courthouse of Edgar County. The courthouse was constructed from 1891 until 1893; it is the third building to be used as Edgar County's courthouse. Architect Henry Elliot designed the building in the Romanesque Revival style. The courthouse's exterior has four main sides and four entrances situated between each adjacent pair of sides. Each side includes two towers at each end and a central section with a tall gable. Each tower features two medieval dormers. A wedding-cake style iron clock tower, built shortly after the building was completed, tops the center of the courthouse.

The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 4, 1981.
Legion (Deicide album)
Legion is the second studio album by American death metal band Deicide, released on June 9, 1992, by R/C Records.

The album was recorded at Morrisound Studios in Tampa, Florida by Scott Burns. Deicide frontman Glen Benton claims to have created the album's artwork.

The album's music is considered to be extremely technical, and is played at much higher tempos than its predecessor, Deicide. The band stopped playing many of the album's songs during live performances for a period of time. Drummer Steve Asheim would ultimately blame the band's inability to play the songs on former guitarists Eric and Brian Hoffman. The album's material has since been reintegrated into the band's live set following lineup changes.

Legion has been positively received since its release by modern publications. Benton stated that although the album was initially met with repudiation from the music press upon its release, it is now beloved by "everybody".

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
People's Flag Show
The People's Flag Show was a November 1970 exhibition at Judson Memorial Church in New York City by Faith Ringgold, Jean Toche and Jon Hendricks, known as the Judson Three. The exhibition was raided by the police and the artists arrested on a charge of flag desecration. They were convicted and fined $100 each, but this was later overturned with support from the New York Civil Liberties Union.

The organizers of the exhibition wanted to test the boundaries of “repressive laws governing so-called flag desecration.” This intent was posted on a flyer calling for artist participation for the week-long event. While the exhibition was not explicitly an antiwar event, it grew out of the antiwar movement, with many of the works included in the exhibition referencing and in some cases expressing disapproval of the Vietnam War.

New York Civil Liberties Union
The New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) is a civil rights organization in the United States. Founded in November 1951 as the New York affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union, it is a not-for-profit, nonpartisan organization with nearly 50,000 members across New York State.

The NYCLU has eight offices in New York State: Central New York (the Syracuse area), the Capital Region (the Albany area), Lower Hudson Valley, Suffolk County, Nassau County, New York City, Genesee Valley and the Western Region.  The New York City office is its headquarters and represents all regions that do not have their local chapter or regional office.
So Much (Peter Gabriel song)
"So Much" is a song by English musician Peter Gabriel, released in July 2023 as the seventh single in promotion of his tenth studio album I/O. Similar to other singles from the album, "So Much" was released to coincide with a full moon, starting with the Dark-Side Mix produced by Tchad Blake. Later in the month, two additional mixes created by Mark 'Spike' Stent and Hans-Martin Buff were released.

David Rhodes (guitarist)
David John Sydney Rhodes (born 2 May 1956) is an English guitarist, singer, songwriter and long-time collaborator of Peter Gabriel. He was the guitarist and vocalist for the British rock band Random Hold from 1976 to 1980, and has been the principal studio and touring guitarist for Gabriel since 1980. Rhodes has released two solo albums.
Shantinagar (neighbourhood)
Shantinagar (Bengali: শান্তিনগর) is an upscale neighbourhood in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It is under Paltan Thana. Shantinagar is administered by Dhaka South City Corporation. It is one of the busiest areas in Dhaka. Its neighbouring areas are Bailey Road, Siddeshwari, Segunbagicha, Paltan, Rajarbagh, and Kakrail. Numerous shops, pharmacies, restaurants, and salons can be found in Shantinagar. Eastern Plus Shopping Complex, a well-known place for shopping around the locality, is also located in Shantinagar. The Rajarbagh Police Lines are located near Shantinagar.

Administrative geography of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is divided into 8 divisions and 64 districts, although these have a limited role in public policy. For the purpose of local governance, the country is divided into subdistricts, municipalities (or town councils), city corporations (i.e., metropolitan municipal corporations), and union councils (i.e., rural councils).

The diagram below outlines the five tiers of government in Bangladesh.
2014 Asian Junior Badminton Championships – Girls doubles
The girls' doubles tournament of the 2014 Asian Junior Badminton Championships was held from February 19–23 in Taipei, Taiwan. The defending champion of the last edition were the Chinese pair Huang Dongping and Jia Yifan. Jia teamed-up with last year finalist Chen Qingchen this time as the first seeded, and emerge as the champion after beat their compatriot, the third seeded Du Yue and Li Yinhui in the finals with the score 21–11, 21–18.

Jia Yifan
Jia Yifan (Chinese: 贾一凡; pinyin: Jiǎ Yīfán; Mandarin pronunciation: [tɕjà.í fǎn]; born 29 June 1997) is a Chinese badminton player and Olympic champion. With partner Chen Qingchen, Jia won silver in women's doubles at the 2020 Summer Olympics and gold in the same event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Jia won four gold medals at the World Championships in 2017, 2021, 2022, and 2023. She also won two gold medals at the Asian Games in 2018 and 2022, as well as at the 2019 and 2022 Asian Championships. Jia was part of the Chinese winning team in the 2019, 2021, 2023, and 2025 Sudirman Cup, and also at the 2020 Uber Cup. She also won silver medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She reached a career-high ranking of world number 1 in the women's doubles with Chen Qingchen in November 2017.
Strange Experiment
Strange Experiment is a 1937 British drama film directed by Albert Parker and starring Donald Gray, Ann Wemyss and Mary Newcomb. It was an adaptation of the play Two Worlds by John Golden and Hubert Osborne. It was made at Wembley Studios as a quota quickie by the British subsidiary of Fox Film.

Albert Parker (director)
Albert Parker (May 11, 1885 – August 10, 1974) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor. He directed 36 films between 1917 and 1938. In the early 1930s Parker left Hollywood for England where he continued to direct films and also opened an actors' agency office. One of his later clients in the 1960s was actress Helen Mirren. He was born in New York, USA, and died in London, England.
Vancouver-Quilchena
Vancouver-Quilchena is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia since 1991. The riding has been represented by Dallas Brodie, leader of OneBC, since 2024.

Since its creation, the riding has historically leaned toward centre-right political parties and has consistently elected right-wing candidates. The district has been represented by several high-profile figures in British Columbia politics, including former premier Gordon Campbell and former deputy premier Colin Hansen.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Architecture of Hungary
The architecture of Hungary is understood as the architecture of the territory of Hungary, and in a wider sense the historical territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. Major styles are represented, including renowned examples of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Ottoman, Art Nouveau, Baroque, Moorish revival, Classical and Modern architecture.

Moorish Revival architecture
Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th century, part of a widening vocabulary of articulated decorative ornament drawn from historical sources beyond familiar classical and Gothic modes. Neo-Moorish architecture drew on elements from classic Moorish architecture and, as a result, from the wider Islamic architecture.
First Avenue Bridge
The First Avenue Bridge is a historic structure located in downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States.  It carries U.S. Route 151 for 697 feet (212 m) over the Cedar River.  The original six-span concrete arch structure was completed in 1920 for $420,000. It was designed by Marsh Engineering Company and built by Koss Construction Co., both of Des Moines. Consulting engineer Ned L. Ashton of Iowa City designed the 1960s remodel.  He had all of the concrete work above the original arches torn out and the bridge rebuilt as an open-spandrel structure.  The rebuild also included a wider deck to accommodate increased traffic and aluminum railings.  While the bridge's original structural integrity has been compromised, this is the first notable concrete spandrel arch reconstruction in Iowa and possibly in the country.  The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and the county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 137,904 in 2024. making it the second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 128 miles (206 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital.

Cedar Rapids is the economic hub of Eastern Iowa, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor. The population of the three-county Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 276,520 in 2020. The Cedar Rapids metropolitan area is also part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area.