hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021–2022 Massachusetts legislature
The 192nd Massachusetts General Court was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government of Massachusetts. It consisted of elected members of the Senate and House of Representatives. It first convened in Boston at the Massachusetts State House on January 6, 2021, during the governorship of Charlie Baker. The 192nd term ended in early 2023. Will Brownsberger, Michael Moran, and Dan Hunt oversaw decennial redistricting based on the 2020 census.

Also in 2021, legislators debated whether or not to increase public access to information about their own proceedings. Other notable discussion topics include progressive taxation, the gig economy, climate change, spending of federal aid, driver's licenses, animal welfare, and civil asset forfeiture.

Gig worker
Gig workers are independent contractors, online platform workers, contract firm workers, on-demand workers, and temporary workers. Gig workers enter into formal agreements with on-demand companies to provide services to the company's clients. They are part of the gig economy.

In many countries, the legal classification of gig workers is still being debated, with companies classifying their workers as "independent contractors", while organized labor advocates have been lobbying for them to be classified as "employees", which would legally require companies to provide the full suite of employee benefits like time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance, among others. In 2020, California approved by popular vote Proposition 22, which created a third-worker classification of gig-worker-drivers as contractors but maintained certain benefits such as minimum wage and mileage reimbursement.
José Corti
José Corti is a bookshop and publishing house located in Paris, France, and was founded in 1925.

It is named after its founder, José Corticchiato (14 January 1895 – 25 December 1984). José Corticchiato started his business by publishing the work of his surrealist friends that included the founder André Breton, Paul Éluard, and Louis Aragon.

José Corti's bookshop is located in the Latin Quarter in Paris, at 11 Rue Médicis, 75006 Paris (VIème).

The firm was the lifelong publisher of French author Julien Gracq, and owns the publishing rights to Jan Potocki's masterpiece The Manuscript Found in Saragossa. Its motto is Rien de Commun, which means "Nothing Commonplace".

At the end of 2016, the bookshop at 11 rue de Médicis closed. It reopened in February 2017 under the name "Librairie des éditeurs associés", which still houses the Corti publishing collection, as well as other independent publishers.

In 2023, Marie de Quatrebarbes and Maël Guesdon took over the management of the house.

Paul Éluard
Paul Éluard (French: [elɥar]), born Eugène Émile Paul Grindel ([ɡʁɛ̃dɛl]; 14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the Surrealist movement.

In 1916, he chose the name Paul Éluard, a matronymic borrowed from his maternal grandmother. He adhered to Dadaism and became one of the pillars of Surrealism by opening the way to artistic action politically committed to the Communist Party.

During World War II, he was the author of several poems against Nazism that circulated clandestinely. He became known worldwide as The Poet of Freedom and is considered the most gifted of French surrealist poets.
The Landloper
The Landloper is a 1918 American silent romance adventure film directed by George Irving and starring Harold Lockwood, Pauline Curley, Stanton Heck, William Clifford, Bert Starkey, and Gertrude Maloney. It is based on the 1915 novel of the same name by Holman Day. The film was released by Metro Pictures on April 1, 1918.

Metro Pictures
Metro Pictures Corporation was a motion picture production company founded in early 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It was a forerunner of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company produced its films in New York, Los Angeles, and sometimes at leased facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. It was purchased in 1919.
Sada Cowan
Sada Louise Cowan (1882–1943) was an American writer who began her career as a playwright. She soon switched to writing feature films and is best known for her work on the films Don't Change Your Husband and Why Change Your Wife?. Cowan worked closely with director Cecil B. DeMille throughout her career.

Sidney Franklin (director)
Sidney Arnold Franklin (March 21, 1893 – May 18, 1972) was an American film director and producer. Franklin, like William C. deMille, specialized in adapting literary works or Broadway stage plays.

His brother Chester Franklin (1889–1954) also became a director during the silent film era, best known for directing the early Technicolor film The Toll of the Sea.

Franklin's work on radio included directing The Screen Guild Show in 1939.
Mottisfont Bats
Mottisfont Bats is a 196.7-hectare (486-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Winchester in Hampshire. It is also a Special Area of Conservation.

The site consists of woods around Mottisfont, which supports a population of the barbastelle bat which is considered by Natural England to be of national importance. The site is used by the barbastelles for breeding, roosting, commuting and feeding. It is the only known maternity roost in Hampshire and one of only six known sites in the United Kingdom as of 2002. Eight other bat species have been recorded at Mottisfont: whiskered, brown long-eared, common and soprano pipistrelles, serotine, noctule, Daubenton's and Natterer's. Mottisfont contains a mix of woodland types including hazel coppice with standards, broadleaved plantation and coniferous plantation.

Daubenton's bat
Daubenton's bat or Daubenton's myotis (Myotis daubentonii) is a Eurasian bat with rather short ears. It occurs across Eurasia, from Ireland in the west to Hokkaido in the east, and is believed to be increasing its numbers in many areas of its range.

This bat was first described in 1817 by Heinrich Kuhl, who named it in honour of French naturalist Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton.
Hubert Lockhart
George Hubert Lockhart (January 25, 1899 – May 23, 1968) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1920s.

A native of Flowery Branch, Georgia, Lockhart attended Talladega College. In 1923, he pitched a collegiate no-hitter.

He made his Negro leagues debut in 1923 with the Bacharach Giants. He played six seasons with the team and appeared in the 1926 and 1927 Colored World Series. Lockhart concluded his career in 1929 with the Chicago American Giants.

Lockhart was a physical education teacher who coached multiple sports at Alabama State College for more than 40 years. He died in Montgomery, Alabama in 1968.

He was inducted into the Alabama High School Athletic Association Hall of Fame in 2003.

Alabama State University
Alabama State University (Alabama State, 'Bama State, or ASU) is a public historically Black university (HBCU) in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1867 during the Reconstruction era, it was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. It was one of 23 established to train African Americans to teach in segregated schools. ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alabama State's athletic teams, known as the Hornets, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Dymoke
The Dymoke family of the Manor of Scrivelsby in the parish of Horncastle in Lincolnshire holds the feudal hereditary office of King's Champion. The functions of the Champion are to ride into Westminster Hall at the (now defunct) coronation banquet and challenge all comers who might impugn the King's title.

Feudalism in England
Feudalism as practised in the Kingdom of England during the medieval period was a system of political, military, and socio-economic organisation based on land tenure. Designed to consolidate power and direct the wealth of the land to the king while providing military service to his causes, feudal society was structured around hierarchical relationships involving land ownership and obligations. These landholdings were known as fiefs, fiefdoms, or fees.
Ngāti Hauiti
Ngāti Hauiti is a Māori iwi of New Zealand. It is centred in the Rangitikei area of the lower North Island.

Awa FM is the radio station of Ngāti Hauiti, Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi and Ngāti Hāua. It began as Te Reo Irirangi O Whanganui 100FM on 17 June 1991. Between July 1992 and June 1993 it also operated a separate station in Ohakune, known as Te Reo Irirangi Ki Ruapehu or Nga Iwi FM, combining local programmes with shows from 100FM. It is available on 100.0 FM in Whanganui, 91.2 FM in Ruapehu, and 93.5 FM in Taumarunui.

In the 2013 census in New Zealand, 1,026 people claimed affiliation with Ngāti Hauiti.

Taumarunui
Taumarunui is a town in the King Country of the central North Island of New Zealand. It is on an alluvial plain set within rugged terrain on the upper reaches of the Whanganui River, 65 km south of Te Kūiti and 55 km west of Tūrangi. It is under the jurisdiction of Ruapehu District and Manawatū-Whanganui region.

It has a population of 4,940 as of June 2025, and is the largest centre for a considerable distance in any direction. It is on State Highway 4 and the North Island Main Trunk railway.
Felix Alemao
Felix Bernado Alemao (born 20 July 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Goa in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 13 October 2016. He made his List A debut for Goa in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 28 February 2017.

2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy
The 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 24th edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an annual List A cricket tournament in India. It was held between 25 February and 20 March 2017. Tamil Nadu won the tournament, beating Bengal by 37 runs in the final.
Arkin's Castle
Arkin's Castle (Irish: Caisleán Aircín) is a 13th-century ruined castle on the island of Inishmore, County Galway, Ireland. It is owned by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment of Ireland.

Inishmore
Inishmore (Irish: Árainn [ˈaːɾˠən̠ʲ] ⓘ, Árainn Mhór [ˈaːɾˠən̠ʲ woːɾ] or Inis Mór [ˈɪnʲɪʃ mˠoːɾ]) is the largest of the Aran Islands in Galway Bay, off the west coast of Ireland. With an area of 31 km2 (12 sq mi) and a population of 820 (as of 2016), it is the second-largest island off the Irish coast (after Achill) and most populous of the Aran Islands.

The island is in the Irish-speaking Gaeltacht and has a strong Irish culture. Much of the island is karst landscape and it has a wealth of ancient and medieval sites including Dún Aonghasa, described as "the most magnificent barbaric monument in Europe" by George Petrie. The island is a civil parish of the same name.
Merced metro station
Merced is an underground station on Line 1 of the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Venustiano Carranza borough, slightly to the east of the centre of Mexico City. The station building was designed by Félix Candela, and it was opened on 4 September 1969. From July 2022 to October 2023, the station was closed due to modernization works on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment.

Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City
Venustiano Carranza is a borough (demarcación territorial) in Mexico City, Mexico. Venustiano Carranza extends from the far eastern portion of the historic center of Mexico City eastward to the Peñón de los Baños and the border dividing the then Federal District from the State of Mexico. Historically, most of the territory was under Lake Texcoco, but over the colonial period into the 20th century, the lake dried up and today the area is completely urbanized. The borough is home to three of Mexico City's major traditional markets, including La Merced, the National Archives of Mexico, the Palacio Legislativo de San Lázaro, the TAPO intercity bus terminal and the Mexico City Airport.
Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe
Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe (German: Prinz Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Bruno zu Schaumburg-Lippe; 30 January 1868 – 12 December 1945) was a German prince and head of the Náchod branch of the princely house of Schaumburg-Lippe.

He was a son of Prince William of Schaumburg-Lippe by his wife, Princess Bathildis of Anhalt-Dessau.

Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Schaumburg-Lippe, also called Lippe-Schaumburg, was created as a county in 1647, became a principality in 1807 and a free state in 1918, and was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present-day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg, an area of 340 km2 (130 sq mi) and over 40,000 inhabitants.
Dmitry Arkhipov (ice hockey)
Dmitry Arkhipov (born February 2, 1993) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played with HC Sochi of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Arkhipov made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing with Ak Bars Kazan during the 2014–15 KHL season.

HC Sochi
Hockey Club Sochi (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Сочи) is a professional ice hockey club based in Sochi, Russia. It is a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The club joined the KHL in the 2014–15 season.
2008 Rugby League World Cup final
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup final was the championship-deciding game of the 2008 Rugby League World Cup tournament. Played between New Zealand and Australia on 22 November 2008 at Brisbane's Lang Park, the match was a re-play of the 2000 Rugby League World Cup final and its outcome determined who became World Cup-holders for the following five years. Considered one of the biggest upsets in rugby league, New Zealand defeated Australia 34–20 to claim their first ever World Cup title.

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Kodandarama Temple, Buchireddipalem
Sri Kodandarama Swami Devastanam is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Rama located in the town of Buchireddypalem in SPSR Nellore District, in Andhra Pradesh, India. The temple covers an area of 2 acres. The temple has two entries, of which one is prominent and has a larger gateway tower called as Gopuram. Another entry has a small door on the right side of the temple. The Gopuram is 100 feet in height and the second-tallest Gopuram in Andhra Pradesh.

Buchireddypalem
Buchireddypalem is a town in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. It is a Municipality , Located 15 km from the Nellore city and it is a part of the Kovur Assembly constituency . It functions as a municipality within the Buchireddypalem mandal and serves as the administrative headquarters for the mandal. The town plays a key role in local governance and administration, acting as a central hub for surrounding villages and regions within the Nellore district.
Ferragudo halt
Ferragudo is a halt on the Algarve Line in the Lagoa municipality, Portugal. It was opened on 15 February 1903, under the name Portimão. After the construction and opening of the Portimão Railway Bridge and station, in 1922, the name was changed to Ferragudo.

Lagoa, Portugal
Lagoa (European Portuguese pronunciation: [lɐˈɣoɐ] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the district of Faro, in the Portuguese region of Algarve. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 22,975, in an area of 88.25 km2. Its urban population, in the city of Lagoa proper, is 6,100 inhabitants. An important travel destination, its coast has won numerous accolades. Marinha Beach was considered by the Michelin Guide as one of the 10 most beautiful beaches in Europe and as one of the 100 most beautiful beaches in the world.
Holly Lamar
Mary "Holly" Holladay Lamar (born 1966 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Lamar co-wrote "Breathe", a number one country and adult contemporary single by Faith Hill. Her songs have also been recorded by Sara Evans, Wynonna Judd, Lonestar, Tim McGraw, Jo Dee Messina and Jessica Simpson, among others.

In 2002, Lamar was one of the first artists signed to Universal South. Between 2002 and 2003, she had two singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The first, "These Are the Days", was previously recorded by Jo Dee Messina on her 2000 album Burn. Deborah Evans Price of Billboard gave Lamar's version of the song a favorable review, calling it "a solid song and a great performance that adds up to a promising debut from a new voice with a lot to say". Her second single, "Unkissed", also received a positive review from Price, who described it as "a shining calling card for a songwriter looking to make her own mark".

Show Dog Nashville
Show Dog Nashville is an American independent record label specializing in country music artists. It was founded in 2005 by singer Toby Keith. It was later merged with Universal South Records into Show Dog-Universal Music  in December 2009 until it was re-activated in late 2015. Currently, it is distributed by Thirty Tigers.
Place name origins
In much of the "Old World" (approximately Africa, Asia and Europe) the names of many places cannot easily be interpreted or understood; they do not convey any apparent meaning in the modern language of the area. This is due to a general set of processes through which place names evolve over time, until their obvious meaning is lost. In contrast, in the "New World" (roughly North America, South America, and Australasia), many place names' origins are known.

Although the origin of many place names is now forgotten, it is often possible to establish likely meanings through consideration of early forms of the name. Some general conclusions about the nature of place names, and the way in which place names change, can be made and are examined below. It is also possible to distinguish regional trends and differences in the naming of places, as is also discussed below.

Cumbric
Cumbric is an extinct Celtic Brythonic language or dialect that was spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", in what is now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands.  Place-name evidence suggests Cumbric may also have been spoken as far south as Pendle and the Yorkshire Dales. The prevailing view is that it became extinct in the 12th century, around the incorporation of the Kingdom of Strathclyde into the Kingdom of Scotland.

Linguists are undecided as to whether to classify Cumbric as a dialect of Old Welsh or as a separate language. Koch calls it a dialect but goes on to say that some of the place names in the Cumbric region "clearly reflect a developed medieval language, much like Welsh, Cornish or Breton".
Teen Wolf season 5
The fifth season of Teen Wolf, an American supernatural drama created by Jeff Davis and to some extent based on the 1985 film of the same name, received an order of 20 episodes on June 24, 2014, and premiered on June 29, 2015. The second episode aired the day after, on June 30, 2015, then returned to the regular schedule on Mondays.

The first ten episodes of the season premiered in June 2015, with the second half of the season premiering on January 5, 2016. The entire season concluded on March 8, 2016. However, unlike the third season, the twenty episodes featured the same story arc. Several cast changes occurred, with Dylan Sprayberry becoming a series regular as Liam Dunbar, while Tyler Hoechlin left the show to pursue film roles.

Crystal Reed
Crystal Marie Reed (born February 6, 1985) is an American actress. She came to prominence playing Allison Argent in the series Teen Wolf (2011–2014). She departed the series after the third season but made a guest appearance in the fifth season as Allison's ancestor Marie-Jeanne Valet. Reed went on to reprise her role as Allison Argent in the reunion film Teen Wolf: The Movie (2023).

Reed played Sofia Falcone in the fourth season of Gotham (2017–2018) and the lead role of Abby Arcane in the series Swamp Thing (2019). She has also appeared in the films Skyline (2010), Crush (2013), Too Late (2015) and Ghostland (2018).
Cape Yevgenov
Cape Yevgenov (69°0′S 156°36′E﻿ / ﻿69.000°S 156.600°E﻿ / -69.000; 156.600) is an ice-covered cape midway along the northeast side of Krylov Peninsula, forming the west entrance to Lauritzen Bay, Antarctica. Photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1957–58), and ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1959). Named by Soviet Antarctic Expedition after Russian hydrographer Nikolay I. Yevgenov (1888–1964).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Yevgenov". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Abutilon listeri
Abutilon listeri, commonly known as the lantern flower, is a tropical shrub in the Malvaceae or mallow family. It is endemic to Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean. Its specific epithet honours British zoologist and plant collector Joseph Jackson Lister, who visited the island on HMS Egeria in 1887.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Kienzle Computer
Kienzle Computer was a German manufacturer of data processing equipment. Its official name was Kienzle Apparate GmbH (Kienzle precision equipment), whose main products were instrumentation for commercial vehicles (particularly taximeters and tachographs). It was spun off from the Kienzle clock factory (Kienzle Uhrenfabriken AG) in 1929. In the 1980s it was merged with Mannesmann as Mannesmann-Kienzle, and in 1991 it was sold to the Digital Equipment GmbH and was renamed Digital-Kienzle Computer Systeme.

Taximeter
A taximeter or fare meter is a mechanical or electronic device installed in taxicabs and auto rickshaws that calculates passenger fares based on a combination of distance travelled and waiting time. Its shortened form, "taxi", is also a metonym for the hired cars that use them.