hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quick Reaction Alert
Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) is the state of readiness and modus operandi of air defence maintained at all hours of the day by NATO air forces. The United States usually refers to Quick Reaction Alert as Airspace Control Alert.

Some non-NATO countries maintain a QRA, either full-time or part-time.

NATS Swanwick
NATS Swanwick is a combined area control centre and terminal control centre operated by National Air Traffic Service (NATS) at Swanwick in Hampshire, England.

It started operations on 27 January 2002, and handles aircraft in the London flight information region (FIR), which covers most of England and Wales. The centre consists of three facilities:

The London Area Control Centre (LACC), which provides air traffic control services to aircraft operating in upper airspace over England and Wales within the London FIR.

The London Terminal Control Centre (LTCC), which controls aircraft flying below 24,500ft flying to and from London's aiports.

No. 78 Squadron of the RAF, which provides military air traffic control services and distress and diversion services to civilian aircraft.

The Swanwick facility replaces that of the former site at West Drayton.
Client to Authenticator Protocol
The Client to Authenticator Protocol (CTAP) enables a roaming, user-controlled cryptographic authenticator (such as a smartphone or a hardware security key) to interoperate with a client platform such as a laptop. The standard is also adopted as ITU-T Recommendation X.1278.

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
Lake Hartwell State Park
Lake Hartwell State Park, formerly known as Lake Hartwell State Recreation Area, is a park located in Oconee County, South Carolina, near the community of Fair Play. The park was created in 1976, the majority on land leased from the United States Army Corps of Engineers with a small portion of land purchased from various private owners.

The 680-acre (3 km2) park has 14 miles of shoreline on Lake Hartwell. Two boat ramps provide boaters access to the lake. While the park focuses on fishing and boating, it also has a playground, areas for picnicking, hiking trails and sites for camping. Two cabins are also available for rental throughout the year. An information center features a display of vintage fishing equipment.

Fair Play, South Carolina
Fair Play is a census-designated place located in Oconee County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. A small portion of the CDP extends into Anderson County. As of the 2020 census, the population of Fair Play was 704.
Jack Sprague
Jack Eugene Sprague (born August 8, 1964) is an American former stock car racing driver who has competed in all of NASCAR's three top divisions, most notably in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, where he won series championships in 1997, 1999 and 2001.

Wauters Motorsports
Wauters Motorsports was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, fielding the No. 5 Toyota Tundra part-time. The team also competes in late models. The team is primarily owned by Wauters, with former NASCAR team owners Billy Ballew and James Finch also part of the organization as co-owners since 2020.
Newport, Lincoln
Newport is an inner-city suburb and historic district of Lincoln in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It is located to the north of the city centre and is close to the Bishop Grosseteste University, Lincoln Castle and Lincoln Cathedral as well as Newport Arch. It is one of the original districts and streets of the city itself. It dates back to around 1269 following the arrival of the Augustinians who built a priory in the area between Newport and Rasen Lane.

In about 1839, George Gilbert Scott and partner William Bonython Moffatt designed the church of St Nicholas in Newport. The church is a Grade II listed building.

Priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. They are found in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion. Priories may be monastic houses of monks or nuns (such as the Benedictines, the Cistercians, or the Charterhouses). Houses of canons & canonesses regular also use this term, the alternative being canonry. Mendicant houses, of friars, nuns, or tertiary sisters (such as the Friars Preachers, Augustinian Hermits, and Carmelites) also exclusively use this term.

In pre-Reformation England, if an abbey church was raised to cathedral status, the abbey became a cathedral priory. The bishop, in effect, took the place of the abbot, and the monastery itself was headed by a prior.
Culture of Iceland
The culture of Iceland is largely characterized by its literary heritage that began during the 12th century but also traditional arts such as weaving, silversmithing, and wood carving. The Reykjavík area hosts several professional theaters, art galleries, bookstores, cinemas and museums. There are four active folk dance ensembles in Iceland. Iceland's literacy rate is among the highest in the world.

Halldór Laxness
Halldór Kiljan Laxness (Icelandic: [ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs] ⓘ; born Halldór Guðjónsson; 23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was an Icelandic writer and winner of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature. He wrote novels, poetry, newspaper articles, essays, plays, travelogues and short stories. Writers who influenced Laxness include August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Knut Hamsun, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht, and Ernest Hemingway.
Chaunsa
Chaunsa (Bangla: চৌসা, Bhojpuri: चउसा, Hindi: चौंसा, Urdu: چونسا), also known as chausa, is a mango cultivar indigenous to South Asia. It is grown mainly in India and Pakistan; both countries export significant quantities of the fruit.

The main centers of chaunsa cultivation are the states of Bihar & Uttar Pradesh in India and Rahim Yar Khan and Multan in Pakistani province of Punjab.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
Pediese
Pediese, alt. Petiese, Peteese or Padiiset, was the name of a number of high ancient Egyptian officials and noblemen during the first millennium BCE, usually of Libyan descent.

Pediese (prince in Athribis), around 720s BCE

Pediese, chief of the Ma and High Priest of Ptah

Petiese, author of the "Petition of Petiese"

Pediese, son of Apy, known from a statue usurped by him

Padiiset's Statue
Padiiset's Statue or Pateese's Statue, also described as the Statue of a vizier usurped by Padiiset, is a basalt statue found in 1894 in an unknown location in the Egyptian delta which includes an inscription dated to the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt referring to Canaan and Philistia (Palestine). The statue was purchased by Henry Walters in 1928, and is now in the Walters Art Museum.

It is the second – and last – known Egyptian reference to Canaan, coming more than 300 years after the preceding known inscription. 'The Canaan' in this inscription, and several others from ancient Egypt, is thought to be referencing the city of Gaza. This inscription also refers to Philistia as a toponym, as opposed to an ethnicon (ie. Philistines or Peleset), as is the case in other older Egyptian inscriptions.
1939 Batley and Morley by-election
The 1939 Batley and Morley by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in the United Kingdom on 9 March 1939 for the House of Commons constituency of Batley and Morley in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Batley and Morley
Batley and Morley was a parliamentary constituency centred on the towns of Batley and Morley in West Yorkshire.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election, and abolished for the 1983 general election. It was then replaced by the seats of Batley and Spen & Morley and Leeds South.
Shark! Shark!
Shark! Shark! is an Intellivision game originally designed by Don Daglow, and with additional design and programming by Ji-Wen Tsao, one of the first female game programmers in the history of video games. The player is a fish who must eat smaller fish in order to gain points and extra lives while avoiding enemies such as larger fish, sharks, jellyfish, lobsters and crabs.  After eating a certain number of fish, the player's fish grows in size and is thus able to eat a larger selection of fish.  However, while the larger fish becomes a bit faster, it is less agile than the small fish and has a harder time avoiding enemies.

Shark! Shark! was originally considered by Mattel to be a cute game for kids and unlikely to make strong inroads into the gaming community. The game was unexpectedly popular, forcing Mattel to quickly manufacture another batch of cartridges. The original cartridge run was only 5,600 units.

Intellivision
The Intellivision (a portmanteau of "intelligent television") is a home video game console released by Mattel Electronics in 1979. It distinguished itself from competitors with more realistic sports and strategic games. By 1981, Mattel Electronics had close to 20% of the domestic video game market, selling more than 3.75 million consoles and 20 million cartridges through 1983. At its peak, Mattel Electronics had about 1,800 employees in several countries, including 110 videogame developers. In 1984, Mattel sold its video game assets to a former Mattel Electronics executive and investors, eventually becoming INTV Corporation. Game development ran from 1978 to 1990, when the Intellivision was discontinued.

In 2009, IGN ranked the Intellivision No. 14 on their list of the greatest video game consoles of all time.
Tion Green
Tion Green (born December 14, 1993) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Cincinnati Bearcats, and signed with the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent in 2017.

Cincinnati Bearcats football
The Cincinnati Bearcats football team represents the University of Cincinnati in college football. They compete at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level as members of the Big 12 Conference. They have played their home games in historic and renovated Nippert Stadium since 1924. The Bearcats have an all-time record of over .500, having reached their 600th program victory in 2017.
Living Britain
Living Britain is a six-part nature documentary series, made by the BBC Studios Natural History Unit, transmitted from 31 October to 5 December 1999. It was narrated by Samuel West and produced by Peter Crawford. It examines British wildlife over the course of one year. Each of the programmes takes place in a different time of year.

Peter Crawford (filmmaker)
Peter Crawford is a British award-winning, freelance film-maker, author and lecturer.

Peter Crawford is perhaps best known for his natural history documentary films and TV series in the United Kingdom and United States including, in 1990, the first television series to attempt to comprehensively document North America's wildlife, Land of the Eagle (WNET New York) and in 1999; Living Britain (BBC 2), a series of ten 30 minute films which portrayed the natural history of Great Britain and Ireland. Living Britain was accompanied by a book written by Peter Crawford which became a Number 1 Best Seller for BBC Books.
Pseudobrevicoceras
Pseudobrevicoceras is an extinct genus of nautilitoid cephalopods in the order Oncocerida. The familial position is undetermined.

Externally Pseudobrevicoceras resembles Brevicoceras, an oncocerid in the Brevicoceratidae, in having a curved, expanded, breviconic phragmocone with straight, transverse sutures.

Brevicoceras
Brevicoceras is an extinct   nautiloid genus from the order Oncocerida with wide distribution in the Middle Devonian in Eastern North America, Russia and Morocco. Nautiloids form a broad group of shelled cephalopods that were once diverse and numerous but are now represented by only a handful of species in two genera.
Smile (Doctor Who)
"Smile" is the second episode of the tenth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was written by Frank Cottrell-Boyce and broadcast on 22 April 2017 on BBC One.

In the episode, the Doctor (Peter Capaldi) and his new companion Bill Potts (Pearl Mackie) visit an off-Earth colony only to find it devoid of any life except for robots that communicate via emoji.

Pearl Mackie
Pearl Mackie (born 29 May 1987) is a British actress. She is best known for playing Bill Potts in the long-running television series Doctor Who. Mackie is a graduate of the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. Her first major television role came in 2014, when she played Anne-Marie Frasier in BBC One soap opera Doctors.
2010 Lambertz Open by STAWAG – Doubles
Rohan Bopanna and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi were the defending champions but chose to compete in the 2010 BNP Paribas Masters instead.
Ruben Bemelmans and Igor Sijsling won the title, defeating Jamie Delgado and Jonathan Marray 6–4, 3–6, [11–9] in the final.

2010 BNP Paribas Masters
The 2010 BNP Paribas Masters was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 38th edition of the tournament known that year as the BNP Paribas Masters after the sponsor BNP Paribas. It was part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 of the 2010 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, from 6 November through 14 November 2010. The top eight seeds were Roger Federer, defending champion Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray, Robin Söderling, Tomáš Berdych, Fernando Verdasco, David Ferrer and Andy Roddick.

Robin Söderling defeated Gaël Monfils 6–1, 7–6(7–1) in the final to win his first Masters 1000 championship and rise to a career-high world ranking of No. 4. Monfils was playing in his second successive Paris Masters final having saved five match points in defeating Roger Federer in the semifinals.
Tomasz Wójtowicz
Tomasz Grzegorz Wójtowicz (22 September 1953 – 24 October 2022) was a Polish volleyball player. In his later life, he worked as a volleyball commentator. As a member of the Poland national team, he won the titles of the 1976 Olympic Champion and the 1974 World Champion.

Wójtowicz was considered one of the first volleyball players in the world to start attacking from the back row. In 2001, he was listed by the International Volleyball Federation as one of the top eight volleyball players in the world. In 2002, he became the first Polish volleyball player to be inducted into the Volleyball Hall of Fame.

Wójtowicz died after a long illness on 24 October 2022, at the age of 69.

Poland men's national volleyball team
The Poland men's national volleyball team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski w piłce siatkowej mężczyzn) represents Poland in international volleyball competition. The team is directed by the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej, PZPS), the governing body for volleyball in Poland, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches.

Poland's greatest achievements to date have been winning gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, three World Championship titles (1974, 2014 and 2018), two European Championship titles (2009 and 2023), World League (2012) and the Nations League (2023 and 2025).

As of July 2025, Poland is one of the world's strongest teams, ranked first in the FIVB world ranking.
Cholesterol crystal
A cholesterol crystal is a solid, crystalline form of cholesterol found in gallstones and atherosclerosis. Gallstones occurring in industrialized societies typically contain more than 70-90% cholesterol by weight, much of which is crystalline. Cholesterol crystals are a hallmark of atherosclerosis, which is believed to be an early cause of atherosclerotic inflammation. Cholesterol phase transition from liquid to crystalline form is linked to inflammation. Cholesterol crystals are believed to induce inflammation by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

In addition to being a source of inflammation, cholesterol crystals are believed to cause mechanical injury by tearing tissue, causing plaque rupture.
Impaired removal of cholesterol crystals from demyelinated nerves by macrophages is believed to be associated with multiple sclerosis, and this remyelination failure is particularly impaired in the elderly.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Bettie Johnson Mbayo
Bettie Johnson Mbayo is a Liberian journalist and a senior reporter at FrontPage Africa. In 2019 she won the  Health Reporter and Women Rights Reporter of the year from the Press Union of Liberia.

Mbayo obtained a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in Mass Communication from the United Methodist University in Liberia and a Master's in Public administration.

FrontPage Africa
FrontPage Africa is a Liberian daily newspaper founded in 2005 by Rodney Sieh. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 1,500. FrontPage Africa has received international recognition for its investigative journalism, and the Christian Science Monitor called it the nation's "leading investigative daily". The paper has run stories on teenage prostitution, government corruption, and an alleged rape by a police officer. In 2012, a story by reporter Mae Azango on female genital mutilation sparked national controversy and led to the official suspension of the practice. In the same year, the publisher and editor were charged with contempt after publishing reports that members of the Supreme Court of Liberia had embezzled international aid money.
Manny Ramjohn Stadium
The Mannie Ramjohn Stadium, located in Marabella, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago, is named for long-distance runner Manny Ramjohn, the first person to win a gold medal for Trinidad and Tobago in a major international sporting event.  The stadium was constructed for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Cup which was hosted by Trinidad and Tobago. It also hosted games from the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.

10°18′12″N 61°26′30″W﻿ / ﻿10.303371°N 61.441673°W﻿ / 10.303371; -61.441673

San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
San Fernando, officially the City of San Fernando, is the most populous city and second most populous municipality in Trinidad and Tobago, after Chaguanas. Sando, as it is known to many local Trinidadians, occupies 19 km2 and is located in the southwestern part of the island of Trinidad. It is bounded to the north by the Guaracara River, the south by the Oropouche River, the east by the Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway, and the west by the Gulf of Paria. The former borough was elevated to the status of a city corporation on 18 November 1988. The motto of San Fernando is: "Sanitas Fortis" - In a Healthy Environment We Will Find Strength. San Fernando is called Trinidad and Tobago's "industrial capital" because of its proximity to the Pointe-à-Pierre oil refinery and many other petrochemical, LNG, iron and steel and aluminium smelters in places such as Point Lisas in Couva, Point Fortin, and La Brea.
Canton of Saint-Apollinaire
The canton of Saint-Apollinaire is an administrative division of the Côte-d'Or department, eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Apollinaire.

It consists of the following communes:

Côte-d'Or
Côte-d'Or (French pronunciation: [kot dɔʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. In 2019, it had a population of 534,124. Its prefecture is Dijon, which is also the regional prefecture; its subprefectures are Beaune and Montbard.
Deadwood Creek Bridge
The Deadwood Creek Bridge is a covered bridge in western Lane County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Built in 1932, the 105-foot (32 m) Howe truss structure carries Deadwood Loop Road over Deadwood Creek. The crossing lies upstream of the rural community of Deadwood in the Siuslaw National Forest of the Central Oregon Coast Range. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

A concrete bridge carrying Deadwood Road bypassed the covered bridge in the 1970s, and the older structure fell into disrepair. Lane County officials decided to pay for repairs, and by 1986 the bridge was fully restored.

Howe truss
A Howe truss is a truss bridge consisting of chords, verticals, and diagonals whose vertical members are in tension and whose diagonal members are in compression. The Howe truss was invented by William Howe in 1840, and was widely used as a bridge in the mid to late 1800s.
Falling Skies season 2
The second season of the American television drama series Falling Skies premiered June 17, 2012. It consisted of ten episodes, each running approximately 42 minutes in length. TNT broadcast the second season on Sundays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States.

The season's plot focuses on the 2nd Massachusetts' discovery that a large community of survivors has formed in Charleston, their journey there, and their reception once they arrive.
It also focusses on the discovery that the Skitters are themselves "harnessed" and mind-controlled by the invaders, but that some of them are resistant to the effects and are rebelling against their Overlords..

Brandon Jay McLaren
Brandon Jay McLaren is a Canadian actor. He made his first screen appearance in the television series Just Cause (2002). He has been known for his main and supporting roles in shows such as Graceland, Power Rangers S.P.D., Ransom, Harper's Island, The Rookie, and Slasher. He has also had roles in the feature films She's the Man, Tucker & Dale vs. Evil, and Dead Before Dawn.

In 2005, McLaren gained prominence with the main role of Jack Landors, the Red Ranger in Power Rangers S.P.D.. Since then, he has had a variety of roles in several films and television series.