hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duchy of Brunswick
The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state that ceased to exist in 1918. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In the course of the 19th-century history of Germany, the duchy was part of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and from 1871 the German Empire. It was disestablished after the end of World War I, its territory incorporated into the Weimar Republic as the Free State of Brunswick.

Successor state
A successor state is a concept in international relations regarding a sovereign state that has formed over a territory and populace that was previously under the sovereignty of another state. A successor state may or may not acquire a new international legal personality, while a continuing state (also known as a continuator or historical heir) retains the same international legal personality and all the rights and obligations of a predecessor state. The theory has its roots in 19th-century diplomacy.
LaPlanche Street
LaPlanche Street is the historic connector between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada. Located on the Isthmus of Chignecto, LaPlanche crosses the Tantramar Marshes between Amherst, NS and Sackville, NB. Historically, it hosted the key forts of peninsular Nova Scotia and continental Acadia and witnessed the Battle of Fort Beauséjour, the key battle between the two colonies during the Seven Years' War, and the Battle of Fort Cumberland of the American Revolutionary War.

Beaubassin
45°50′56.86″N 64°15′39.31″W﻿ / ﻿45.8491278°N 64.2609194°W﻿ / 45.8491278; -64.2609194Beaubassin was an important Acadian village and trading centre on the Isthmus of Chignecto in what is now Nova Scotia, Canada. The area was a significant place in the geopolitical struggle between the British and French empires. It was established in the 1670s on an upland close to an extensive area of saltwater marsh. Settlers reclaimed the land to engage in cattle ranching and trade.
Richard M. Perloff
Richard M. Perloff is an American academic. He is professor of communication at Cleveland State University, where he has taught since 1979. He has written on persuasion, on political communication, on the psychology of perception of the effects of mass media, and on the third-person effect.

Political communication
Political communication is the practice or study of political messaging, e.g. in political campaigns, speeches and political advertising, often within the mass media. As an interdisciplinary subfield it is located between communication studies and political science. Political communication is concerned with ideas such as information flow, political influence, policy making, news, and public opinion. The subfield also focuses on the study of political social media, propaganda, political economy of communication and non-profit organisations that communicate to affect political processes. Modern societal changes that have affected the subfield include the digitization of media, polarization and a movement towards a post-truth media environment.
Woking High School
Woking High School (formerly named Horsell High School) is a coeducational secondary school with academy status, located in the Horsell area of Woking, Surrey, England.

The school has held specialist technology status since 2004, and converted to become an academy in 2013. It has around 1200 pupils on roll.

Specialist school
Specialist schools, also known as specialised schools or specialized schools, are schools which specialise in a certain area or field of curriculum. In some countries, for example New Zealand, the term is used exclusively for schools specialising in special needs education, which are typically known as special schools. Specialist schools often have admission criteria making them selective schools as well.
Bob Jenson
Robert Eugene Jenson (May 11, 1931 – January 6, 2018) was a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oregon. He served in the Oregon House of Representatives representing District 58, which encompassed Union County, Wallowa County, and portions of Umatilla County. District 58 included the cities Pendleton, La Grande, and Enterprise. Jenson served in the Oregon House since 1997 until 2015. At the time of his retirement, as the member with the most seniority, he held the honorary title of Dean of the House.

Union County, Oregon
Union County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon, and one of the 8 counties of eastern Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,196. The county comprises the La Grande micropolitan statistical area and the county seat is La Grande.
Plant embryonic development
Plant embryonic development, also plant embryogenesis, is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo. This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination. The zygote produced after fertilization must undergo various cellular divisions and differentiations to become a mature embryo. An end stage embryo has five major components including the shoot apical meristem, hypocotyl, root meristem, root cap, and cotyledons. Unlike the embryonic development in animals, and specifically in humans, plant embryonic development results in an immature form of the plant, lacking most structures like leaves, stems, and reproductive structures. However, both plants and animals including humans, pass through a phylotypic stage that evolved independently and that causes a developmental constraint limiting morphological diversification.

Root cap
The root cap (also called the calyptra) is a small but multitasking organ that covers the very tip of every growing plant root. It shields the delicate apical meristem from mechanical damage, lubricates the root's passage through soil, and houses specialised gravity-sensing cells that guide the root's overall direction of growth.
Copou Park
The Copou Park or Copou Gardens is the oldest public park in Iași, Romania. Its development started in 1834 under the reign of Mihail Sturdza, making the park one of the first public gardens in Romania and a Iași landmark. In its centre lies the Lions' Obelisk (1834), a 13.5 m (44 ft) tall obelisk dedicated to Regulamentul Organic, the first law on political, administrative and juridical organization in the Romanian Principalities.

Other landmarks include Eminescu's Linden Tree, the Mihai Eminescu Museum and the Junimea Alley. The gardens are a popular destination for tourists and locals, as well as a favourite location for poetry festivals, photography exhibitions and art and craft fairs.

The park covers approximately 10 hectares (down from 19 hectares at the height of its late-19th century development) and has been described as one of the most beautiful public gardens in Moldavia.

Mihail Sturdza
Prince Mihail Sturdza (sometimes anglicized as Michael Stourdza; 5 May [O.S. 24 April] 1794 – 8 May 1884) was prince ruler of Moldavia from 1834 to 1849. He was cousin of Princess Roxandra Sturdza and Prince Alexandru Sturdza.
Media in Toledo, Ohio
The following is a list of media in Toledo, Ohio, which includes local cable and broadcast television stations, radio stations, and newspapers which are received by people living in the Toledo, Ohio, region. Not included are radio and television stations from Detroit and Windsor, Ontario, which reach most of the city and surrounding area.

Grand Rapids, Ohio
Grand Rapids is a village in Grand Rapids Township, Wood County, Ohio, United States, along the Maumee River. The population was 925 at the 2020 census. Grand Rapids is served by a branch of the Weston Public Library.
Half of Me (Greczula song)
"Half of Me" is a song by Swedish singer Greczula, released as a single on 31 January 2026. The song was performed in Melodifestivalen 2026. It qualified for the final. It debuted at number six in Sweden.

Melodifestivalen 2026
Melodifestivalen 2026 is the 66th edition of the Swedish music competition Melodifestivalen, organised by Sveriges Television (SVT) and is taking place during a six-week period between 31 January and 7 March 2026, hosted by Gina Dirawi and Hampus Nessvold. The winner will represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026, to be held in Vienna, Austria.
Lønavatnet
Lønavatnet is a lake in Voss Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 2.91-square-kilometre (1.12 sq mi) long lake lies along the river Strandaelvi which runs from the village of Vinje south to the large village of Vossevangen. The lake lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the village of Vossevangen, with the European route E16 highway running along the western shore and Norwegian County Road 309 along the eastern shore.

European route E16
European route E16 is the designation of a main west–east road through Northern Ireland, Scotland, Norway and Sweden, from Derry to Gävle, via Belfast, Glasgow, Edinburgh, previously by ferry to Bergen, Voss, through the Gudvanga Tunnel and the Lærdal Tunnel (the world's longest road tunnel), Lærdal, over Filefjell to Fagernes, Hønefoss, Gardermoen and Kongsvinger. In Sweden, it passes Malung, Falun and ends in Gävle.
Afro-Nicaraguans
Afro-Nicaraguans are  Nicaraguans of Sub-Saharan African descent. Five main distinct ethnic groups exist: The Creoles who descend from Anglo-Caribbean countries and many of whom still speak Moskitian Creole, the Miskito Sambus descendants of Spanish slaves and indigenous Central Americans who still speak Miskito and/or Moskitian Creole, the Garifunas descendants of Zambos (Caribs, Arawaks, and shipwrecked maroons) expelled from St. Vincent who speak Garifuna, the Rama Cay zambos a subset of the Miskito who speak Rama Cay Creole, and the descendants of those enslaved by the Spanish.

Commonwealth Caribbean
The Commonwealth Caribbean is a group of English-speaking sovereign states in the Caribbean, including both island states and mainland countries in the Americas, that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and were once part of the British Empire. The term may also include British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean Sea.
Kim Hyung-joo
Kim Hyung-joo (Korean: 김형주; born 12 September 1984) is a South Korean freestyle wrestler. In the women's 48 kg freestyle wrestling event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, she reached the quarter-finals, losing to Carol Huynh.  She competed in the freestyle 48 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the 1/8 finals by Iryna Merleni. Kim was born in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.

Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 48 kg
Women's freestyle 48 kilograms competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place on 8 August at ExCeL London.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consists of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scores more points in each round is the winner of that rounds; the bout ends when one wrestler has won two rounds (and thus the match).
Thermal Emission Imaging System
The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) is a camera on board the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter.  It images Mars in the visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to determine the thermal properties of the surface and to refine the distribution of minerals on the surface of Mars as determined by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES).  Additionally, it helps scientists to understand how the mineralogy of Mars relates to its landforms, and it can be used to search for thermal hotspots in the Martian subsurface.

THEMIS is managed from the Mars Space Flight Facility at Arizona State University and was built by the Santa Barbara Remote Sensing division of Raytheon Technologies Corporation, an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts.  The instrument is named after Themis, the goddess of justice in ancient Greek mythology.

Coprates quadrangle
The Coprates quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Coprates quadrangle is also referred to as MC-18 (Mars Chart-18).  The Coprates quadrangle contains parts of many of the old classical regions of Mars: Sinai Planum, Solis Planum, Thaumasia Planum, Lunae Planum, Noachis Terra, and Xanthe Terra.

The name Coprates refers to Coprates Chasma, a central trough of the Valles Marineris, named after the Greek name of the Dez River in Persia.

The Coprates quadrangle goes from 45° to 90° west longitude and 0° to 30° south latitude on Mars.  Coprates quadrangle is famous for depicting the "Grand Canyon of Mars", the Valles Marineris Canyon System.  Signs of water exist in this quadrangle, with ancient river valleys and networks of stream channels showing up as inverted terrain and lakes inside of Valles Marineris.
Oprah Winfrey Presents: Mitch Albom's For One More Day
For One More Day is a 2007 television film adaptation of the Mitch Albom's 2006 novel of the same name, which was a New York Times Best Seller. Produced by Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions, the film stars Michael Imperioli and Ellen Burstyn as leads. Director Lloyd Kramer also directed the TV film version of Albom's 2003 novel The Five People You Meet in Heaven. Michael Imperioli who also appeared in the previous film, had his son, Vadim, play his younger version in this film.

Nick Lachey performs the song "Ordinary Day" on the soundtrack of the film. The film was first aired by ABC on December 9, 2007.

The Five People You Meet in Heaven
The Five People You Meet In Heaven is a 2003 novel by Mitch Albom. It follows the life and death of a ride mechanic named Eddie (inspired by Albom's uncle), who is killed in an amusement park accident and sent to heaven, where he encounters five people who had a significant impact on him while he was alive. It was published by Hyperion and remained on the New York Times Best Seller list for 95 weeks.
Carl-Olof Nylén
Carl-Olof "Olle" Siggesson Nylén (30 June 1892 – 2 October 1978) was a Swedish otologist and tennis player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He is also known in microsurgery as a first man who designed surgical microscope which was used in otolaryngology.

In 1912, he and his partner Charles Wennergren were eliminated in the quarter-finals of the outdoor doubles. They lost in the first round in the indoor doubles.

In the outdoor mixed doubles as well as in the indoor mixed doubles he and his partner Edith Arnheim lost in the first round.

Nylén was born to the military doctor Sixtus Nylen (1854–1911) and Anna Choler (1862–1929). In 1915–16, he won a few Swedish titles in singles and doubles, and in 1917, he was ranked as the best test player in Sweden.

Tennis at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Mixed outdoor doubles
The outdoor mixed doubles competition at the 1912 Summer Olympics was part of the tennis program for the games. It was held from 1 to 5 July at Östermalms IP. 13 teams entered, but only 6 played (12 competitors from 4 nations). The event was won by German pair Dorothea Köring and Heinrich Schomburgk. The silver medalists were Sweden's Sigrid Fick and Gunnar Setterwall, while French team Marguerite Broquedis and Albert Canet took bronze.
Justin Kane
Justin Stewart Kane (born 21 December 1981 in Ferntree Gully, Victoria) is an Australian bantamweight boxer. He won the gold medal in the men's bantamweight division at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, United Kingdom. He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics, losing in the quarterfinals to Sergey Danilchenko from Ukraine.

He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics
The boxing competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia was held at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre in Darling Harbour. The event was only open to men and bouts were contested over four rounds of two minutes each. Five judges scored the fighters in real time and the boxer with the most points at the end was the winner.

Like other Olympic combat sports, two bronze medals are awarded; in the case of boxing, both losing semi-finalists receive a bronze medal, with no further play-off. As a result, the quarter-final essentially equates to a bronze medal match, a semi-final to a silver medal match, and the final to a gold medal match. 48 medals are therefore available, half of which are bronze medals.
Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of induction. Lenz's law describes the direction of the induced field. Faraday's law was later generalized to become the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism.

Electromagnetic induction has found many applications, including electrical components such as inductors and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators.

Magnetic flux
In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B over that surface.  It is usually denoted Φ or ΦB. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb; in derived units, volt–seconds or V⋅s), and the CGS unit is the maxwell. Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils, and it calculates the magnetic flux from the change of voltage on the coils.
Pasir Puteh District
Pasir Puteh District (Kelantanese: Jajahey Pasey Puteh) is a district (jajahan) in Kelantan, Malaysia. The town of Pasir Putih is situated on the bank of Semerak River, about 30 kilometers to the south of Kota Bharu. Pasir Puteh district borders Besut District, Terengganu to its south-east. It adjacent to Machang and in between od Besut to Kota Bharu.

Besut District
Besut (Terengganuan and Kelantanese: Besuk) is a Kelantanese community district in the Terengganu federal state of Malaysia. It is bordered by the state of Kelantan to the north and west and the South China Sea to the east. It is the northern gateway to Terengganu. Kampung Raja is the district capital, though Jerteh is more developed. Another major town is the fishing port of Kuala Besut. There are other small towns and villages such as Jabi, Apal, Pasir Akar and Tembila. Besut is between Jerteh and Kuala Terengganu.
Jacob Baal-Teshuva
Jacob Baal-Teshuva (1929–2022) was an Israeli-American author, journalist, art critic, and art collector.

His writings, exhibitions, and art collections included artists such as Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Mark Rothko, Yves Klein, Joan Mitchell, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Louis Comfort Tiffany, and Andy Warhol. He was considered an internationally recognized expert on Marc Chagall.

Yves Klein
Yves Klein (French: [iv klɛ̃]; 28 April 1928 – 6 June 1962) was a French artist and an important figure in post-war European art. He was a leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau réalisme, founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany. Klein was a pioneer in the development of performance art, and is seen as an inspiration to and as a forerunner of minimal art, as well as pop art. He developed and used International Klein Blue.
Mr. Moto in Danger Island
Mr. Moto in Danger Island is a 1939 American mystery film directed by Herbert I. Leeds and starring Peter Lorre, Jean Hersholt and Amanda Duff. It is part of the Mr. Moto series of films.

The film was based on the 1933 novel Murder in Trinidad, but the setting was moved to Puerto Rico.

Mr. Moto
Mr. Moto is a fictional Japanese secret agent created in a series of spy and adventure novels by the American author John P. Marquand. He appeared in six novels published between 1935 and 1957, which were set in 1930s China on the eve of the Second Sino-Japanese War.  He became even more widely known from Hollywood films and a radio series. Marquand created the character for the Saturday Evening Post, which was seeking stories with an Asian hero after the death of Charlie Chan's creator Earl Derr Biggers.

Although Marquand presented Mr. Moto as a "good guy," later writers objected that he reinforced prevailing racial and ethnic stereotypes. Mr. Moto appeared in other media in ways that are quite different from the novel.  Eight motion pictures starred Peter Lorre between 1937 and 1939, 23 radio shows starred James Monks broadcast in 1951, a 1965 film starred Henry Silva, and a 2003 comic book produced by Moonstone Books, later reprinted as Welcome Back, Mr. Moto.
Pencoed Athletic BGC
Pencoed Athletic BGC is a Welsh football team based in Pencoed, Wales. They play South Wales Premier League Premier Division. They were champions of the league in 2020 and were eligible for promotion to the Ardal Leagues but were not granted tier 3 Football Association of Wales certification despite appealing the decision.

Football Association of Wales
The Football Association of Wales (FAW; Welsh: Cymdeithas Bêl-droed Cymru) is the governing body of association football and futsal in Wales, and controls the Wales national football team, its corresponding women's team, as well as the Wales national futsal team. It is a member of FIFA, UEFA and the IFAB.

Established in 1876, it is the third-oldest national association in the world, and one of the four associations, along with the English Football Association, Scottish Football Association, and Irish Football Association that make up the International Football Association Board, responsible for the Laws of the Game.
The Battle of Friedland (painting)
The Battle of Friedland (French: Bataille de Friedland, 14 juin 1807)  is an 1835 history painting by the French artist Horace Vernet. It depicts the Battle of Friedland fought on 14 June 1807 in East Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars. The battle was a decisive victory for French forces over their Russian enemies. At the subsequent Treaty of Tilsit, Napoleon was able to dictate peace terms to his beaten opponents. It is also sometimes known as Napoleon at the Battle of Friedland.

Vernet was a leading history painting in Restoration France. He depicted a number of French victories during the Napoleonic Era as well as more contemporary paintings of the French Conquest of Algeria. He depicts Napoleon issuing orders to Marshal Nicolas Oudinot with Etienne de Nansouty and Marshal Ney behind them. It was exhibited at the Salon of 1836 in Paris. It is now on display in the Galerie des Batailles at the Palace of Versailles.

Nicolas Oudinot
Nicolas Charles Oudinot, duc de Reggio (French pronunciation: [nikɔlɑ udino]; 25 April 1767 – 13 September 1847), was a French general of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He is known to have been wounded 34 times in battle, being hit by artillery shells, sabres, and at least twelve bullets over the course of his military career. A Marshal of the Empire, he is best known for his contributions to the Napoleonic Wars with his famous grenadier division. Oudinot is one of the Names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe, Eastern pillar Columns 13, 14.