hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Threshold energy
In particle physics, the threshold energy for production of a particle is the minimum kinetic energy that must be imparted to one of a pair of particles in order for their collision to produce a given result. If the desired result is to produce a third particle then the threshold energy is greater than or equal to the rest energy of the desired particle. In most cases, since momentum is also conserved, the threshold energy is significantly greater than the rest energy of the desired particle.

The threshold energy should not be confused with the threshold displacement energy, which is the minimum energy needed to permanently displace an atom in a crystal to produce a crystal defect in radiation material science.

Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.

In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is .

The kinetic energy of an object is equal to the work, or force (F) in the direction of motion times its displacement (s), needed to accelerate the object from rest to its given speed. The same amount of work is done by the object when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

The SI unit of energy is the joule, while the English unit of energy is the foot-pound.

In relativistic mechanics,  is a good approximation of kinetic energy only when v is much less than the speed of light.
John Parker (Whig politician)
John Parker (21 October 1799 – 5 September 1881) was an English politician and barrister. He was born in Tickhill, West Riding of Yorkshire and educated at Repton and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was instrumental in the enfranchisement of Sheffield, petitioning Parliament in 1817 and 1822, and creating a pamphlet stating the case for Sheffield in 1830. When the Sheffield constituency was finally created as a Parliamentary borough in 1832 he was elected alongside James Silk Buckingham as its first MPs. He served as MP for Sheffield until 1852, becoming Lord of the Treasury (1839–1840), First Secretary of the Admiralty, joint Secretary to the Treasury (1846–1849), and a Member of the Privy council (1853).

He died at 71 Onslow Square, London, on 5 September 1881, and was buried at Healaugh, near Tadcaster, West Riding of Yorkshire, on 9 September, having married, on 8 February 1853, Eliza Charlotte, second daughter of George Vernon of Clontarf Castle, Dublin, Ireland.

Tadcaster
Tadcaster is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 15 miles (24 km) north-east of Leeds and 10 miles (16 km) south-west of York.

Its historical importance from Roman times onward was largely as the lowest road crossing-point on the River Wharfe until the construction of the A64 Tadcaster by-pass some 660 yards (600 m) to the south, in 1978. There are two rail crossings downstream of the town before the Wharfe joins the River Ouse near Cawood. Thanks to its position on the banks of the River Wharfe parts of the town adjacent to the bridge are prone to flooding.

The town was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, but is now part of North Yorkshire. Tadcaster is twinned with Saint-Chély-d'Apcher in France.
Mugaliyachhap
Mugaliyachhap, also called Mungaliya Chhap, is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Huzur tehsil and the Phanda block.

In 2014, the foundation of Deendayal Shramodaya Vidyalaya, a school for children of labourers, was laid in the village. The Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan also announced that an Industrial Training Institute (ITI) would be set up in the village.

Mugaliyachhap is the second most populous village in the Huzur tehsil. The village has an ancient Hanuman temple, where Ramayana recitation ceremonies have been conducted since 2006. The village is also home to the Jagran Lakecity University.

Jagran Lakecity University
Jagran Lakecity University (JLU) is a private university established under Section 2(f) of UGC Act 1956 and is based out of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The university offers 50+ degree programs to more than 2,500 students.

JLU was ranked 30th best private university in India by the Education World in 2021, and also got the E-Learning Excellence for Academic Digitisation (E-Lead) Certification 2020–21 by QS I–Gauge.
Teena (comic strip)
Teena is a comic strip about a teenage girl, created by Hilda Terry. It ran from July 1, 1944, to 1963, distributed by King Features Syndicate.

The strip evolved from Terry's earlier Sunday feature, It's a Girl's Life, a collection of gag cartoons which first appeared in newspapers on Sunday, December 14, 1941. The format displayed six panels about the reactions of teenage girls to World War II.

In Denmark, the strip was known as Tina.

Gag cartoon
A gag cartoon (also panel cartoon, single-panel cartoon, or gag panel) is most often a single-panel cartoon, usually including a caption beneath the drawing. In some cases, dialogue may appear in speech balloons, following the common convention of comic strips. A pantomime cartoon carries no caption (see also: pantomime comics).

As the name implies—"gag" being a show business term for a comedic idea—these cartoons are most often intended to provoke laughter. Popular magazines that have featured gag cartoons include Punch, The New Yorker and Playboy. Some publications, such as Humorama, have used cartoons as the main focus of the magazine, rather than articles and fiction.
Pautaines-Augeville
Pautaines-Augeville (French pronunciation: [potɛn oʒvil]) is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 28 February 2013, Pautaines-Augeville was annexed by the commune of Épizon.

Haute-Marne
Haute-Marne (French pronunciation: [ot maʁn] ⓘ; English: Upper Marne) is a department in the Grand Est region of Northeastern France. Named after the river Marne, its prefecture is Chaumont. In 2019, it had a population of 172,512.
Female Trouble (album)
Female Trouble is an album by the American musician Nona Hendryx, released in 1987. It was her first album for EMI America. The album is dedicated to Winnie Mandela. "Why Should I Cry?" was the first single. Female Trouble peaked at No. 96 on the Billboard 200.

EMI America Records
EMI America Records was launched in 1978 by EMI as their second label in the United States after Capitol Records, relying on Capitol only for pressing, distribution, and international liaison.

In 1987, EMI America merged with Manhattan Records, resulting in the formation of EMI Manhattan Records. This entity underwent a rebranding in 1989, becoming known as EMI USA. In 1991, it joined the EMI Records Group North America (ERG) under the name EMI Records USA. The label was ultimately closed down in 1997, and its artists were split between Virgin Records America (acquired by Thorn EMI in 1992) and Capitol Records.

Since 2013, its catalog has been managed by Universal Music Group following their acquisition of EMI's recorded music division.
Norma Etta Pfeiffer
Norma Etta Pfeiffer (1889–1989) was an American botanist who specialized in the study of lilies and Isoetes. She discovered and described the Chicago-endemic flowering plant species Thismia americana described in her doctoral thesis in 1913.

Lilium
Lilium (/ˈlɪliəm/ LIL-ee-əm) is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large and often prominent flowers. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies. True lilies are known to be highly toxic to cats.
Horse Shoe Curve, Virginia
Horse Shoe Curve is an unincorporated community in Clarke County, Virginia, United States. The community is located on a horseshoe curve on Route 679 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Berryville and has had a tavern since the early 1900s.

Horseshoe curve
A horseshoe curve is a class of climbing curve in a roadbed that reverses turn direction (inflection) twice on either side of a single tight curve that varies through an angle of about 180 degrees or more.

Such curves are more commonly found in a railway line but are also used in roads.  The characteristic U shape, or even slight balloon shape, of such a curve resembles a horseshoe. On roadways, particularly tight versions of such curves are typically called hairpin turns.
Cerbat mustang
The Cerbat mustang is a feral horse population of Arizona, found in the Cerbat Herd Management Area in that state. Their main coat colors are chestnut, bay, and roan. While their phenotype is similar to the classic Colonial Spanish horse, the actual origin of Cerbat mustangs is unclear, but they have been identified by DNA testing as of Colonial Spanish horse ancestry, and they are recognized by the Spanish Mustang registry as valid foundation stock for that standardized breed.  Cerbats possess the ability to gait.

Foundation stock
Foundation stock or foundation bloodstock refers to animals that are the progenitors, or foundation, of a breed or of a given bloodline within such. Many modern breeds can be traced to specific, named foundation animals, but a group of animals may be referred to collectively as foundation bloodstock when one distinct population (including both landrace breeds or a group of animals linked to a deliberate and specific selective breeding program) provides part of the underlying genetic base for a new distinct population.
John Jansen (music producer)
John Jansen (born October 3, 1947) is an American recording engineer and music producer. He worked with a wide variety of artists over the years, mostly in the rock genre: Joe Cocker, the Who, Spencer Davis Group, Cat Mother, Paul Winter Consort, Roger Daltrey, Supertramp, Henry McCullough, Pavlov's Dog, Procol Harum, Blue Öyster Cult, the Dictators, Alice Cooper, Frankie Miller, Meatloaf, Yipes, the Motors, Television, Barry Manilow, Bonnie Tyler, Air Supply, the Bongos, Billy Squier, Britny Fox, Eric Clapton, Warrant, Tom Verlaine, Faster Pussycat, Bang Tango, Love/Hate, Cinderella, Alias, Judge Mercy, Jimi Hendrix, The Producers and Orchestra

Pavlov's Dog (band)
Pavlov's Dog is a 1970s progressive rock/AOR band formed in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1972. The name is a reference to the animal(s) used by Ivan Pavlov in his experimentation into classical conditioning.
Metin Kaçan
Metin Kaçan (15 November 1961 – 6 January 2013) was a Turkish author, who is best known for his novel Ağır Roman (Cholera Street), which was translated into German (Kaçan 2003), and a movie (Ağır Roman), directed by Mustafa Altıoklar (1999), was based on it.

Mustafa Altıoklar
Mustafa Altıoklar (born 1958) is a Turkish film director, producer and screenwriter. He is the chairman of the Turkish Film Directors Association and is fluent in English. Although he graduated from the medical faculty of Istanbul University and specialised in physiotherapy, he decided to pursue a career as a director, especially after the success of his short film The Scar.
Château Dauzac
Château Dauzac is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Labarde. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen Cinquièmes Crus (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. It is now a family winery and owned by the Roulleau family.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Nadaswaram
The nadaswaram (Tamil:நாதஸ்வரம்) is a double reed wind instrument from Tamil Nadu. It is used as a traditional classical instrument in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

This instrument is "among the world's loudest non-brass acoustic instruments". It is a wind instrument partially similar to the North Indian shehnai, but much longer, with a hardwood body, and a large flaring bell made of wood or metal.

In South Indian culture, the nadasvaram is considered to be very auspicious, and it is a key musical instrument played in almost all Hindu weddings and temples of the South Indian tradition. It is part of the family of instruments known as mangala vadyam (lit. mangala "auspicious", vadya "instrument"). The instrument is usually played in pairs, and accompanied by a pair of drums called thavil; it can also be accompanied with a drone from a similar oboe, called the ottu.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Phyllonorycter fragilella
Phyllonorycter fragilella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Texas, Maine, Michigan, New York, Massachusetts, Illinois and Wyoming in the United States.

The wingspan is 8.5–9 mm.

The larvae feed on Lonicera species (including Lonicera sempervirens and Lonicera × bella), Symphoricarpos species (including Symphoricarpos orbiculatus and Symphoricarpos vulgaris) and Chiococca alba. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Chiococca alba
Chiococca alba is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family (Rubiaceae) native  to Florida and the extreme southern tip of Texas in the United States, Bermuda, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, the Galápagos, and tropical South America. Common names include David's milkberry, West Indian milkberry, cahinca and West Indian snowberry. The specific epithet, alba, means "white" in Latin and refers to the color of its fruits.
1986 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1986 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 50th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Wednesday, January 1. Part of the 1985–86 bowl game season, it matched the sixteenth-ranked Auburn Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Texas A&M Aggies of the Southwest Conference (SWC). A slight underdog, Texas A&M won by twenty points, 36–16.

Anthony Toney
Anthony Toney (born September 23, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for five seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies and was selected by the Eagles in the second round of the 1986 NFL draft.
Pio Botticelli
Pio Botticelli (8 January 1789 – 6 September 1855) was an Italian bass-baritone active in the opera houses of Italy from 1810 until the mid-1840s. Amongst the numerous roles he created in world premieres were Pietro il Grande (Peter the Great) in Donizetti's Il falegname di Livonia and The Caliph in Pacini's La schiava in Bagdad. He also sang the role of Leucippo in the Austrian premiere of Rossini's Zelmira.

Ferdinando Orlandi
Ferdinando Orlandi (7 October 1774 – 5 January 1848), also referred to as Orland and Orlando. Little is known of his early life and his year of birth is also cited as 1777. He was an Italian musician and teacher of singing who composed cantatas and sacred music (including four masses), but was particularly known for his operas, not all of which have survived. He was born and died in Parma.
2008–09 Kent Football League
The 2008–09 Kent Football League season (known as the Bulmers Cider Kent League reflecting the sponsorship by Bulmers) was the 43rd in the history of Kent Football League a football competition in England.

The League structure comprised three divisions: a Premier Division, and Divisions One and Two. The latter two were known as the Reserves Section, which included reserves teams not permitted in the Premier Division. Additionally, there were two league cup competitions, the Challenge Cup for the Premier Division clubs, and another for the teams in the two divisions of the Reserves Section.

Southern Counties East Football League
The Southern Counties East Football League is an English football league established in 1966, which has teams based in Kent and Southeast London. Its two divisions are allocated at Step 5 and Step 6 of the National League System (which equates to Levels 9–10 of the overall English football league system). At its inception it was known as the Kent Premier League, and until 2013 as the Kent League.

There is no direct connection between this league and a previous Kent League that existed from 1894 to 1959, despite many clubs having spells of membership in both leagues.
CL 110,393
CL 110,393 is an opioid drug derived from thebaine, closely related to the family of drugs known as the Bentley compounds which includes better known examples such as buprenorphine, etorphine and diprenorphine. Unlike most other related compounds, CL 110,393 acts as a highly selective κ-opioid receptor agonist with negligible activity at the μ-opioid receptor. It produces hallucinogenic effects with high potency and a long duration of action, as well as side effects such as dysphoria, tinnitus, slurred speech, ataxia, perspiration and tingling of the skin, and was investigated as a non-lethal incapacitating agent.

Dysphoria
Dysphoria (from Ancient Greek  δύσφορος (dúsphoros) 'grievous'; from  δυσ- (dus-) 'bad, difficult' and  φέρω (phérō) 'to bear') is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. It is the semantic opposite of euphoria. In a psychiatric context, dysphoria may accompany depression, anxiety, or agitation.
Quinnipiac Bobcats men's soccer
The Quinnipiac Bobcats men's soccer program represents the Quinnipiac University in all NCAA Division I men's college soccer competitions. Founded in 1962, the Bobcats compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. The Bobcats are coached by Eric Da Costa, who has coached the program since 2005. The Bobcats plays their home matches at Quinnipiac Soccer Stadium, on the QU campus.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Chambersite
Chambersite is a manganese borate mineral with formula Mn3B7O13Cl. It is a member of the borate mineral series that includes other minerals such as ericaite (Fe3B7O13Cl) and boracite (Mg3B7O13Cl). When chambersite was first discovered, it was the second chemical analogue of boracite to be found in nature. It was discovered as a mineral at Barber's Hill salt dome in Texas in 1957 and in 1971 at the Dongshuichang deposit in Jixian, Tianjin, China.  Chambersite occurs associated with the evaporite minerals halite, anhydrite, and gypsum.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.
Rosette (album)
Rosette is the fifth studio album by Japanese singer Shizuka Kudo. It was released on April 4, 1990, through Pony Canyon. Initially titled Mysterious II, Rosette is Kudo's first album to be entirely arranged by Tsugutoshi Gotō and his band members, credited under the name Draw4. The limited first pressing of the album came in a special box packaging. Rosette was re-released in APO-CD format on December 1, 1993.

Pony Canyon
Pony Canyon Inc. (株式会社ポニーキャニオン, Kabushiki gaisha Ponī Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (ぽにきゃん, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which distributes music, films, home video, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.

Pony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Taiwan and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.
Dotation
A dotation (French pronunciation: [dɔtɑsjɔ̃] ⓘ) was a grant of revenues from territory conquered by the First French Empire. The dotations were made by Emperor Napoleon to family members, government figures and military officers as a means of securing their support.  Those granted land were known as donataires. The system saw almost 6,000 donataires holding dotations worth, in theory, 30 million francs per year by the time of the Empire's collapse in 1814.  The loss of revenue to the conquered states was significant; the Kingdom of Westphalia was never financially solvent under French rule because of the dotation system taking 20% of its income.

Solvency
Solvency, in finance or business, is the degree to which the current assets of an individual or entity exceed the current liabilities of that individual or entity. Solvency can also be described as the ability of a corporation to meet its long-term fixed expenses and to accomplish long-term expansion and growth. This is best measured using the net liquid balance (NLB) formula. In this formula, solvency is calculated by adding cash and cash equivalents to short-term investments, then subtracting notes payable. There exist cryptographic schemes for both proofs of liabilities and assets, especially in the blockchain space.
Tasiujaq (Foxe Basin)
Tasiujaq (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖅ) formerly Murray Maxwell Bay  is an uninhabited waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Foxe Basin, north of Siuraarjuk on Baffin Island. The island of Kapuiviit lies at the opening of the bay.

Before the bay was fully explored, it was named "Murray Maxwell Inlet", in honour of Captain Sir Murray Maxwell, by Lieutenant Henry Parkyns Hoppner who observed the waterway while sailing with Sir William Edward Parry on his second Arctic voyage of 1821.

Foxe Basin
Foxe Basin is a shallow oceanic basin north of Hudson Bay, in Nunavut, Canada, located between Baffin Island and the Melville Peninsula. For most of the year, it is blocked by sea ice (fast ice) and drift ice made up of multiple ice floes.

The nutrient-rich cold waters found in the basin are especially favourable to phytoplankton and the numerous islands within it are important bird habitats, including Sabine's gulls and many types of shorebirds. Bowhead whales migrate to the northern part of the basin each summer.

The basin takes its name from the English explorer Luke Foxe who entered the lower part in 1631.