hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Willy Dols
Willy Dols (Sittard, 21 March 1911 – Schwesing, 5 November 1944) was a Dutch linguist, dialectologist and phonologist. He was the first one to make a profound study of the diphthongization which is typical for the Sittard dialect, in his dissertation which was not published until nine years after his death.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Serrablo churches
The Serrablo Churches (Spanish: Iglesias del Serrablo) (Aragonese: Ilesias de Sarrablo) are a group of early-romanesque and mozarabic churches located in small villages of Alto Gállego (Huesca, Aragon, Spain). The churches are thought to have been built by the mozarabic presence in the area between the 10th and 11th century, a time in which Serrablo was bordered by the moorish state of Al-Andalus.

These churches (as identified by the regional comarca) are: San Bartolomé de Gavín, Santa Eulalia de Susín, San Pedro de Larrade, San Andrés de Satue, San Juan de Orús, San Pedro de Lasieso, San Juan de Busa, Santa Eulalia de Orós Bajo, San Martín de Olivan, Santa María de Isún de Basa, San Juan y Santa María Espierre, San Martín de Ordovés, San Miguel de Orna, Monasterio de San Pelay, Iglesia de los Santos Reyes de Javierrelatre y San Miguel de Latre, San Salvador de Basarán.

Huesca (Senate constituency)
Huesca is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Huesca. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.
Quacker Tracker
Quacker Tracker is a 1967 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Rudy Larriva. The short was released on April 29, 1967, and stars Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales. It was the first of three "buffer cartoons" produced by Format Productions in between Warner Bros. ending its contract with previous Looney Tunes producers DePatie–Freleng Enterprises and re-establishing its own cartoon studio.

This is the only cartoon in Warner Bros. history with a music score by composer Frank Perkins, although veteran composer William “Bill” Lava served as music supervision.

Speedy Gonzales
Speedy Gonzales is a cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. He is portrayed as "The Fastest Mouse in all Mexico" with his major traits being the ability to run extremely fast, being quick-witted, heroic, and speaking with a Mexican accent. He usually wears a yellow sombrero, white shirt and trousers (which was a common traditional outfit worn by men and boys of rural Mexican villages), and a red kerchief, similar to that of some traditional Mexican attires. There are 46 theatrical shorts that feature or star the character.
Gebhard Rohner
Joseph Gebhard Rohner (German: [ˈɡɛb.hɑrd ˈroʊnər]; 25 August 1836 - 3 November 1908) was a Swiss politician who served on the Cantonal Council of St. Gallen for three terms representing the Rheintal district from 1900 to 1908 (died during third term which would have ended in 1909). He was also a mayor of Au, Switzerland. Rohner was the father of Anton Rohner and great-grandfather of Albert Ziegler.

Rheintal (Wahlkreis)
The Wahlkreis Rheintal (English: Rhine Valley) is a constituency (Wahlkreis) of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, formed under the new constitution of the canton on 10 June 2001. It consists largely of the former districts of Oberrheintal and Unterrheintal.

The Wahlrkreis covers almost all the region of Vogtei Rheintal and later Rheintal District.
Marisue Jacutin
Marisue Jacutin de Mariona (born 14 May 1979) is a Filipino former professional tennis player.

Jacutin is originally from Cagayan de Oro but now lives in the United States.

Short in stature at five foot, Jacutin was a right-handed player with a double-handed forehand and appeared in 14 Fed Cup ties for the Philippines in the late 1990s. She also represented her country at the Southeast Asian Games.

In 1999 she moved to the United States and played collegiate tennis for Oklahoma City University. While in college she made the occasional appearances in professional tournaments and continued to compete briefly after graduation.

She and husband Rodrigo, a Salvadoran native, are the parents of soccer player Javier Mariona, who competes for the Oakland Roots. Her father in law is former El Salvodor international footballer Salvador Mariona.

Oakland Roots SC
Oakland Roots Sports Club is an American professional soccer club based in Oakland, California. The club competes in the USL Championship (USLC) as a member of the Western Conference. Founded in 2018 by Edreece Arghandiwal and Benno Nagel, the club began play in the 2019–20 season in the National Independent Soccer Association (NISA) before joining the USL Championship in 2021. The club plays its home matches at the Oakland Coliseum.
Sivali Central College
Sivali Central College (සීවලී මධ්‍ය විද්‍යාලය) is a distinguished co-educational national school in Hidallana, near Ratnapura,Sri Lanka, known for its long history and strong educational tradition. Founded in 1909 as a Buddhist secondary school by A. C. Atigala, it began with just a handful of students and, with the introduction of free education in Sri Lanka by C. W. W. Kannangara,the school became the first Central College in Ratnapura District, and later being designated a National School in 1992; today it serves over 3,500 students aged 11–19 and is recognized for its balanced emphasis on academics, values, and extracurricular life.

Hidallana
Hidallana (Sinhala: හිදැල්ලන; also transcribed Hiddellana, Hidellana, Hidullena or in other ways) is a town in the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka, located at latitude: 6°42'57.96", longitude: 80°22'46.2" near Ratnapura. The estimated mean elevation above sea level is 82 metres. The postal code is 70012.
Byzantine Sardinia
The Byzantine age in Sardinian history conventionally begins with the island's reconquest by Justinian I in 534. This ended the Vandal dominion of the island after about 80 years. There was still a substantial continuity with the Roman phase at this time.

Dux
Dux (/dʌks, dʊks/, pl.: ducēs) is Latin for "leader" (from the noun dux, ducis, "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops, both Roman generals and foreign leaders, but was not a formal military rank.
Tortum Dam
Tortum Dam is a dam on the Tortum River in Erzurum Province, Turkey. The dam, backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works, was built on a natural landslide near Tortum Waterfall and raises the level of the existing lake for hydroelectric power production.

State Hydraulic Works (Turkey)
The State Hydraulic Works (Turkish: Devlet Su İşleri) is a state agency, under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Turkey, responsible for the utilization of all the country's water resources. The institution's four major functions are energy, agriculture, services and environment. The General Manager of DSI is Kaya Yıldız.
Nagoya College
Nagoya College (名古屋短期大学, Nagoya tanki daigaku) is a private women's junior college in the city of Toyoake in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.  Although actually in Toyoake, the school is very close to the city of Nagoya.  The predecessor of the school, a women's school, was founded in 1923, and it was chartered as a junior college in 1955.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Ashimov
Ashimov (Kazakh: Әшімов; Kyrgyz: Ашимов; Russian: Ашимов) or  Ashimova (feminine; Kazakh: Әшімова, Russian: Ашимова), is a Central Asian patronymic surname derived from the given name Ashim, a variant of Asem, with the Russian patronymic suffix '-ov'. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Ashimova (born 1973), Soviet child actress

Asanali Ashimov (1937–2025), Soviet and Kazakh actor, film director and screenwriter

Bayken Ashimov (1917–2010), Kazakh-Soviet politician

Dinara Ashimova (born 1973), Kyrgyz politician

Samet Ashimov (born 1979), Bulgarian footballer

Samet Ashimov
Samet Ashimov (Bulgarian: Самет Ашимов; born 16 May 1979) is a Bulgarian former footballer.

He was raised in Vidima-Rakovski's youth academy. Ashimov is a former member of the Bulgaria U21 national side. He has two children - a daughter and a son.

Ashimov retired from football in 2015 but made a surprising return, joining his last club Strumska Slava Radomir in September 2017.  He made a single appearance for the club in the Second League and was released in December.
Surya (Telugu actor)
Surya Kumar Bhagawan Das (born 27 July 1957), known mononymously as Surya, is an Indian actor who appears in Telugu films.

Surya started his film career as an actor in Vikram (1986). He has been awarded four Nandi awards in his acting career spanning thirty-five years, two for TV performances as best villain (Preminchu, Premalo Jeevinchu) and best supporting actor (Janani Janmabhoomi) and two for film performances in films Sindhooram and Show. In Show, he played the male lead opposite Manjula. This performance brought him a special jury Nandi award in 2001. Surya has acted in more than 600 films and television episodes till date.

Custody (2023 film)
Custody is a 2023 Indian period action thriller film directed by Venkat Prabhu and produced by Srinivasa Chitturi under Srinivasaa Silver Screen and Anji Industries. It was shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil languages. The film stars Naga Chaitanya (in his Tamil debut), Arvind Swamy, Krithi Shetty, Priyamani, R. Sarathkumar, Ramki and Sampath Raj. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and Yuvan Shankar Raja, while the cinematography and editing were handled by S. R. Kathir and Venkat Raajen. Custody was released on 12 May 2023 to mixed reviews from critics and became a box-office bomb.
Baloma
Baloma is the spirit of the dead in Trobriand society, as studied by Bronislaw Malinowski in the early 20th century, who published an article on it in 1916 (Baloma; the Spirits of the Dead in the Trobriand Islands in The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland).

It plays a key role in conception ideologies and explains and maintains the matrilineal descent system by substituting the role of male sperm ("fathers") with that of a spirit. The baloma is that spirit of a deceased lineage member which impregnates the women while bathing in the sea, perpetuating the matrilineage intragenerationally. The role of sexual intercourse is only indirectly related to conception within Trobriand mentality and seen as a way of opening the path for the baloma to enter the woman's womb.

Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (JRAI) is the principal journal of the oldest anthropological organization in the world, the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Articles, at the forefront of the discipline, range across the full spectrum of anthropology, embracing all fields and areas of inquiry – from sociocultural, biological, and archaeological, to medical, material and visual. The JRAI is also acclaimed for its extensive book review section, and it publishes a bibliography of books received.
Varna-Devnya Industrial Complex
The Devnya Industrial Complex consists of several important factories and companies in the chemical industry sector of Bulgaria. The reason Devnya has become the host of this cluster is that the region is relatively rich in raw materials like water, rock salt, silica, marl, and limestone. Some of the largest companies based here are: Solvay-Sodi (Солвей-Соди), part of Solvay, Agropolichim (Агрополихим), part of the Acid & Fertilizers Group, Polimeri (Полимери АД), part of AKB Fores, Devnya-Cement (Девня-Цимент), part of Italcementi, Thermal Power Plant Deven (Девен АД), part of Solvay, Thermal Power Plant Varna (ТЕЦ Варна, (1260 MW), part of the ČEZ Group. Transportation facilities include Port Varna - West (Пристанище Варна-запад), a railroad ferry terminal with services to Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia, Devnya-Avtotransport (Девня автотранспорт), and several railroad stations.

Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt. When hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae.

Marl makes up the lower part of the cliffs of Dover, and the Channel Tunnel follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-glacial lakes, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States and marl lakes of the Canadian Rockies.

Marl has been used as a soil conditioner and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of cement.
Liturgusa krattorum
Liturgusa krattorum, also known as the Kratts' Lichen Mantis, is a species of mantis that was discovered by Gavin Svenson and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in 2014. These species of mantis are mainly found in Peru. They live in tall trees, where they are preyed upon by predators such as birds, lizards and monkeys. The species themselves prey upon smaller insects, using their great speed in order to catch and kill prey in a similar method to species such as cheetahs. Ambush predator behaviors have also been observed. They are very small, at about only a few centimeters long.

The species was named after zoologist brothers Martin Kratt and Chris Kratt, the hosts of Be the Creature on National Geographic and Kratts' Creatures, Zoboomafoo, and Wild Kratts on PBS Kids.

Kratts' Creatures
Kratts' Creatures is a half-hour children's television series that originally ran on PBS during the summer of 1996. The first in a series of programs produced by the Kratt Brothers, Chris and Martin, Kratts' Creatures was made to be the first wildlife show aimed specifically towards young children. It featured the Kratt Brothers as they traveled worldwide, exploring different animals and their habitats. They received assistance from their friends Allison Baldwin (Shannon Duff) and Ttark, an animated anthropomorphic dinosaur (voiced by Ron Rubin). The show ran for one season on PTV from June 3, 1996, to August 9, 1996, with 50 episodes, with reruns continuing to air until June 9, 2000. Due to its popularity, the show inspired an unofficial spin-off, Zoboomafoo, created by the Kratts, which premiered on January 25, 1999.
Ryan McCluskey
Ryan McCluskey (born 2 June 1981) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for Enniskillen Gaels and the Fermanagh county team.

He previously played association football for NIFL Premiership clubs Portadown and Dungannon Swifts, as a midfielder.

As of the end of the 2021 season, he had made 80 appearances for Fermanagh.

Dungannon Swifts F.C.
Dungannon Swifts Football Club, referred to as Dungannon Swifts, or simply The Swifts, is a Northern Irish semi-professional football club playing in the NIFL Premiership. The club, founded in 1949, has risen from the Mid-Ulster league to the top tier in Northern Ireland since its election to the Irish League First Division in 1997. Dungannon earned promotion from Irish League First Division to the Premier Division in the 2002–03 season. Dungannon Swifts are a part of the Mid-Ulster F.A.

The Swifts hail from Dungannon, County Tyrone and plays their home matches at Stangmore Park. Club colours are royal blue with white trim (home strip) and yellow with a blue trim (away strip).

Dungannon have been known for their youth development, with many players such as Niall McGinn, Terry Devlin and Conor Bradley going onto have successful careers in the professional game.
Al & Leon
Al & Leon were a prominent American Lindy Hop and jazz dance duo. The two members were Al Minns and Leon James. They were most famous for their film and stage performances in the 1930s and 1940s both on their own, and as part of the Harlem-based Whitey's Lindy Hoppers. They appeared in the Marx Brothers film A Day at the Races. They also appeared on US television programs in the 1950s and 1960s, highlighting the jazz dances they and their cohorts helped to pioneer at the Savoy Ballroom in New York, as well as working throughout their lives to promote the dances to new generations.

A Day at the Races (film)
A Day at the Races is a 1937 American comedy film, and the seventh film starring the Marx Brothers (Groucho, Harpo and Chico), with Allan Jones, Maureen O'Sullivan and Margaret Dumont. Like their 1935 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer feature A Night at the Opera, this film was a major hit.
Pikes Peak Bible Seminary
Pikes Peak Bible Seminary was an unaccredited correspondence school in Manitou Springs, Colorado. It was founded by C. J. Burton in 1927, and was also known as Burton College and Seminary.

The seminary was used in the 1930s and 1940s by pastors seeking doctorates while serving in a church: William Hendriksen obtained a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree from Pikes Peak (before getting a Doctor of Theology from Princeton Theological Seminary) while Victor Paul Wierwille received a Doctor of Theology degree.

The seminary was regarded as a diploma mill by the United States Office of Education.

United States Office of Education
The Office of Education, at times known as the Department of Education and the Bureau of Education, was a small unit in the Federal Government of the United States within the U.S. Department of the Interior from 1867 to 1972.  It is now separated into and succeeded by the United States Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services.
Attack on the Brazilian Fort in Punta del Este
The Attack on the Brazilian Fort in Punta del Este was a short-lived military operation during the Cisplatine War, led by Brigadier General Juan Antonio Lavalleja. The operation took place between August 17 and 19, 1827, in the region now known as Punta del Este in Uruguay. It aimed to expel Brazilian forces stationed at a strategically constructed fort in the area.

Juan Antonio Lavalleja
Juan Antonio Lavalleja y de la Torre (June 24, 1784 – October 22, 1853) was an Uruguayan libertador, revolutionary, military general, and political figure. He was born in Minas, in a region now named after him as the Lavalleja Department of Uruguay.
Steam Train Maldegem-Eeklo
Steam Train Maldegem-Eeklo (Dutch: Stoomtrein Maldegem-Eeklo, SME), formerly Steam Centre Maldegem (Dutch: Stoomcentrum Maldegem, SCM), is a heritage railway association based at the former NMBS station of Maldegem in northern Belgium. Standard gauge steam and diesel trains run on the line to Eeklo. A 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge line runs from Maldegem to Donk on the former line to Bruges; this was supplemented by the standard gauge line in 1989.

Eeklo
Eeklo (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːkloː] ⓘ) is a Belgian municipality in the Flemish province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises only the city of Eeklo proper. The name Eeklo comes from the contraction of eke and lo, two Old German words meaning 'oak' and 'sparse woods' (compare English Oakley).
Myrmecocystus
Myrmecocystus is a North American genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It is one of five genera that includes honeypot ants. Worker ants keep and tend plerergates, which are other ants that store large quantities of nutritious fluid in their abdomens to feed the colony during famine times. Some species engage in highly territorial tournaments, which can result in intraspecific slavery. During the raids, they carry off larvae, workers, and plerergates. The genus has three subgenera, namely Myrmecocystus, Endiodioctes, and Eremnocystus.

Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025,  Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan.
Albury High School
Albury High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school located in Albury, a city in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1920, the school enrolled approximately 1,000 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom four percent identified as Indigenous Australians and ten percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Damian Toohey.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Kelvin (kidnapper)
Kelvin Ibruvwe or Kelvin Oniarah mononymously known as Kelvin is a Nigerian kidnapper. He was arrested on 25 September 2013 by a joint team of the Nigerian army and Department of State Security Services.

State Security Service (Nigeria)
The State Security Service (SSS), self-styled as the Department of State Services (DSS), is a security agency in Nigeria and one of three successor organisations to the National Security Organization (NSO). The agency is under the Presidency of Nigeria, and it reports its activities direct to the President, office of the ONSA, headquartered in Abuja.