hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Life imprisonment in Albania
In Albania, life imprisonment is a legal penalty for men over 18 who commit certain crimes. It is the severest punishment available under Albanian law. Parole may only be granted after the prisoner has served 25 years (or 35 years in extreme cases), and only if the prisoner is found unlikely to re-offend and has displayed perfect behavior while in prison. Otherwise, an inmate shall not be released, and will remain in prison for the rest of their lives. Albania is one of the few countries in Europe that imposes life sentences without possibility of parole. Only men may receive life; the maximum sentence for women is 30 years' imprisonment. Prisoners who committed their crimes when below the age of 18 may be sentenced to a maximum of 20 years.

Crimes that carry possible life sentences include murder, terrorism, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and serious violent crimes (e.g., robbery) resulting in death.

Recidivism
Recidivism (/rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm/; from Latin: recidivus 'recurring', derived from re- 'again' and cadere 'to fall') is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been trained to extinguish it. Recidivism is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense.

The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. Recidivism is a synonym of relapse, which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction.
Rizzotto
Rizzotto (pronounced [ritˈtsɔtto]) is an Italian surname from Veneto and Sicily, originally indicating a curly-haired person. Notable people with the surname include:

Cosimo Rizzotto (1893–1963), Italian World War I flying ace

Giulia Cassini Rizzotto (1865–1943), Italian actress and film director

Laura Rizzotto (born 1994), Brazilian-Latvian singer

Mario Rizotto (born 1984), Uruguayan footballer

Placido Rizzotto (1914–1948), Italian socialist trade union leader

Vincent M. Rizzotto (1931–2021), American Catholic prelate

Placido Rizzotto
Placido Rizzotto (Italian pronunciation: [ˈplaːtʃido ritˈtsɔtto]; 2 January 1914 – 10 March 1948) was an Italian partisan, socialist peasant and trade union leader from Corleone, who was kidnapped and murdered by Sicilian Mafia boss Luciano Leggio on 10 March 1948. Before he was killed, Rizzotto was engaged in activism with farm laborers, trying to help them take over unfarmed land on large estates in the area. A 12-year-old shepherd, Giuseppe Letizia, witnessed Rizzotto's murder and was killed the following day with a lethal injection, made by Michele Navarra, a qualified physician and Mafia doctor. In the 1960s, Leggio was acquitted twice of Rizzotto's murder due to lack of evidence.
Currency-counting machine
A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage.

Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers.

In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which notes have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the chance to review the automatic counter's idea of the quantity and kinds of the inserted banknotes before the deposit is complete.

Envelope
An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin, flat material. It is designed to contain a flat object, such as a letter or card.

Traditional envelopes are made from sheets of paper cut to one of three shapes: a rhombus, a short-arm cross or a kite. These shapes allow the envelope structure to be made by folding the sheet sides around a central rectangular area. In this manner, a rectangle-faced enclosure is formed with an arrangement of four flaps on the reverse side.
Irene Burillo
Irene Burillo Escorihuela  (born 23 July 1997) is a Spanish professional tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of No. 207 in singles, achieved January 2022, and No. 173 in doubles, achieved on 17 November 2025. She has won one WTA 125 doubles title, and six singles and seven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
CSTJF
The Centre Scientifique et Technique Jean Féger (CSTJF) is the principal technical and scientific research center of TotalEnergies, a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum company. The CSTJF is situated in Pau, in southwestern France, near the historic salt route known as Cami Salié and the Lacq gas field, one of France's most significant natural gas reserves.

Inaugurated in 1989, the center is named in honor of Jean Féger, an engineer instrumental in discovering the Lacq gas field. In 2020, TotalEnergies established the OneTech branch to consolidate all its technical and scientific expertise, supporting the company's transformation, with CSTJF playing a pivotal role in this initiative.

Lacq gas field
The Lacq gas field is a natural gas field located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Discovered in 1950, it was developed by Total S.A., determining it to have initial total proven reserves of the Lacq gas field are around 8.8 trillion ft3 (251 km3). It began production of natural gas and condensates in 1958, with a production rate of around 1 billion ft3/day (35×105 m3).
French submarine Aréthuse (NN7)
Aréthuse (NN7) was an Argonaute-class submarine commissioned into service in the French Navy in 1933. She saw service in World War II, first on the side of the Allies from September 1939 to June 1940, then in the forces of Vichy France until November 1942, when she became part of the Free French Naval Forces. She was condemned in 1946.

French North Africa
French North Africa (French: Afrique du Nord française; Arabic: شمال إفريقيا الفرنسية) is a term that is often applied to the three territories that were controlled by France in the Maghreb region of North Africa during the colonial era, comprising Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. In contrast to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa, which existed as federations of French colonies and administrative entities in their own right, French North Africa was never more than a term of convenience to refer to the three separately-governed territories, which had different forms of colonial regime.
Christopher Caluag
Christopher Caluag (born 16 December 1988) is a Filipino American BMX racer and civil engineer who competes for the Philippines internationally. He won a silver medal at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games and participated at the 2014 Asian Games.

BMX
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or off-road recreation.
Karem A. Sakallah
Karem Sakallah is an American electrical engineer and computer scientist, a professor at University of Michigan known for his work on computational logic, functional verification, SAT solvers, satisfiability modulo theories, and the Graph automorphism problem. He was elevated to the rank of IEEE Fellow in 1998. 
In 2009, he shared the CAV (Computer Aided Verification) award with eight other individuals "for major advances in creating high-performance Boolean satisfiability solvers." In 2012, Sakallah became an ACM Fellow "for algorithms for Boolean Satisfiability that advanced the state-of-the-art of hardware verification."

In 2014, Sakallah help shape the development of the Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) in Doha and supervised the growth of the Cyber Security Research Area.

Functional verification
Functional verification is the task of verifying that the logic design conforms to specification. Functional verification attempts to answer the question "Does this proposed design do what is intended?" This is complex and takes the majority of time and effort (up to 70% of design and development time) in most large electronic system design projects. Functional verification is a part of more encompassing design verification, which, besides functional verification, considers non-functional aspects like timing, layout and power.
Weißenthurm
Weißenthurm (German pronunciation: [vaɪsn̩ˈtʊʁm] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite Neuwied, approximately 12 km northwest of Koblenz.

The town is spelled with an ß which may be replaced by ss if not available (Weissenthurm).

Weißenthurm is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Weißenthurm.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Yi County, Anhui
Yi County or Yixian (simplified Chinese: 黟县; traditional Chinese: 黟縣; pinyin: Yī Xiàn) is a county in the southeast of Anhui Province, China, under the jurisdiction of Huangshan City. It has a population of 100,000 and an area of 847 square kilometres (327 sq mi). The government of Yi County is located in Biyang Town. The villages of Xidi and Hongcun in Yi County are part of the World Heritage Sites.

Yi County has jurisdiction over three towns and nine townships.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Desloch
Desloch is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Meisenheim, whose seat is in the like-named town. Desloch is a farming and winegrowing village.

Nahe (Rhine)
The Nahe (German pronunciation: [ˈnaːə] ⓘ) is a river in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Germany, a left tributary to the Rhine. It has also given name to the wine region Nahe situated around it.

The name Nahe is derived from the Latin word Nava, which is supposed to be based upon the Celtic origin for the wild river. The Nahe separates the northern part of the Palatinate from the Hunsrück.

It rises in the area of Nohfelden (Saarland) at the district of Selbach, flowing through Rhineland-Palatinate and joining the Rhine in Bingen. Its length is 125 kilometres (78 mi). Towns along the Nahe include Idar-Oberstein, Kirn, Bad Kreuznach and Bingen.
Wang Tianpu
Wang Tianpu (Chinese: 王天普; pinyin: Wáng Tiānpǔ; born 1962), is a Chinese chemical engineer and CEO. He was the former president of Sinopec, one of the three largest state-owned oil companies in China. On April 27, 2015, Wang was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Chinese Communist Party's internal control body. He expelled from the CCP on September 18, 2015. Two years later, he was sentenced to 15 years and 6 months in prison for graft.

National oil company
A national oil company (NOC) is a petroleum company that is fully or partly owned by the government of a sovereign nation.: 3  NOCs produce about half the world’s oil and gas.

Due to their increasing dominance over global reserves, the importance of NOCs has risen dramatically in recent decades relative to International Oil Companies (IOCs), such as BP, ExxonMobil or Shell plc. NOCs are also increasingly investing outside their national borders.
Mario Fernández Alcocer
Mario Alberto Fernández Alcocer (born May 23, 1979) is a Colombian politician and lawyer, formerly a member of the Liberal Party.

Fernández Alcocer has served as Congressman, serving as Senator of Colombia between July 20, 2014, to July 20, 2018.

Member of congress
A member of congress (MOC), also known as a congressman, congresswoman or congressperson is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalent term within a parliamentary system of government.
Agaleorhynchus
Agaleorhynchus is an extinct genus of sclerorhynchoid from the Cretaceous period. It is named after Professor Andy Gale, in recognition of his work on Cretaceous chalk stratigraphy. It is known from a single species, A. britannicus, which is currently restricted to the middle Santonian to early Campanian of southern England.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Abaera nactalis
Abaera nactalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Abaera. It was described by Francis Walker, in 1859, and is the type species of its genus. It is found in Brazil.

The larvae feed on Cordia panamensis.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
1986 Sul America Open
The 1986 Sul America Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Itaparica, Brazil that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and took place from 24 November through 30 November 1986. First-seeded Andrés Gómez, who entered on a wildcard, won the singles title.

Itaparica Island
Itaparica is an island located at the entrance of Todos os Santos Bay on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the state of Bahia, Brazil. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the city of Salvador, Bahia and covers 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi). There are two municipalities on the island: Vera Cruz (87% of the land area) and Itaparica (13%). Itaparica has 40 kilometres (25 mi) of beaches and exuberant tropical vegetation.
2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Veronika Kudermetova and Elise Mertens defeated Hsieh Su-wei and Jeļena Ostapenko in the final, 3–6, 6–2, 6–4 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 2025 Wimbledon Championships. It was Kudermetova's first major title and Mertens' fifth.

Kateřina Siniaková and Taylor Townsend were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Hsieh and Ostapenko.

Siniaková retained the WTA No. 1 doubles ranking after Ostapenko lost in the final. Erin Routliffe and the pair of Sara Errani and Jasmine Paolini were also in contention at the beginning of the tournament.

Jasmine Paolini
Jasmine Paolini (born 4 January 1996) is an Italian professional tennis player. She has been ranked world No. 4 in singles by the WTA, the joint-highest-ranked Italian woman in singles (alongside Francesca Schiavone), and No. 3 in doubles. She is a major champion in doubles at the 2025 French Open, partnering Sara Errani. Representing her country, Jasmine Paolini won an Olympic gold medal in doubles at the 2024 Paris Olympics, also with Errani. Paolini has won three WTA Tour-level singles titles and ten in doubles, including two singles and five doubles WTA 1000 titles. Jasmine Paolini is also a three-time major finalist, contesting the singles and doubles finals of the 2024 French Open and the singles final of the 2024 Wimbledon Championships. She led Italy to the 2024 and 2025 Billie Jean King Cup titles, winning the Heart Award for the 2024.
Mohamed Sidik
Mohamed Sidik bin Haji Abdul Hamid (born 1895 or 1896) was a Singaporean politician and civil servant. He was a member of the Malay Union before he left in 1957 and joined the Singapore branch of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He later served as the Member of Parliament (MP) representing Southern Islands Constituency from 1955 to 1959 after being elected with 50.57% in the 1955 general election. He also served as the Assistant Education Minister.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Phạm Cao Cường
Phạm Cao Cường (born 30 May 1996) is a Vietnamese badminton player. He showed his potential as a badminton player when he was young, and at age 16, was in the top 8 at the National Championships in the men's singles event. His parents and the Ho Chi Minh City Sports Department sent him to be trained in Indonesia. He was the runner-up at the U-19 Korea Junior Open in 2013. He competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics and Asian Games. He was the champion at the 2018 Iran Fajr International by defeating his senior teammate Nguyễn Tiến Minh in the final.

Iran Fajr International
The Iran Fajr International in badminton is an international open held in Tehran, Iran and a part of the Fajr decade festival. This is one of the oldest tournaments in the Western Asia which was formerly known as Ten Days of Dawn in commemoration of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, a ten-day celebration of Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran.
Oregon v. Mitchell
Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970), was a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the states of Oregon, Texas, Arizona, and Idaho challenged the constitutionality of Sections 201, 202, and 302 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) Amendments of 1970 passed by the 91st United States Congress, and where John Mitchell was the respondent in his role as United States Attorney General. The Supreme Court ruled that the literacy test ban under Section 201, the minimum residency duration requirement for voter registration and the uniform rule for absentee voting in presidential elections under Section 202, and that Congress lowering the voting age in federal elections from 21 to 18 under Section 302 were all constitutional, but that Congress lowering the voting age in state and local elections from 21 to 18 under Section 302 was unconstitutional.

91st United States Congress
The 91st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1971, during the final weeks of the presidency of Lyndon Johnson and the first two years of the first presidency of Richard Nixon.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census.

Both chambers had a Democratic majority, though the party had lost its supermajority status in the Senate.  With Richard Nixon being sworn in as president on January 20, 1969, this ended the Democrats' overall federal government trifecta that they had held since the 87th Congress.
NGC 7038
NGC 7038 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 210 million light-years away in the constellation of Indus. Astronomer John Herschel discovered NGC 7038 on September 30, 1834.

NGC 7038 along with NGC 7014 are the brightest members of Abell 3742. Abell 3742 is located near the center of the Pavo–Indus Supercluster.

Pavo–Indus Supercluster
The Pavo–Indus Supercluster is a neighboring supercluster located about 60–70 Mpc (196–228 Mly) away in the constellations of Pavo, Indus, and Telescopium. The supercluster contains three main clusters, Abell 3656, Abell 3698, and Abell 3742.

Other groups and clusters in the supercluster include the NGC 6769 Group and Abell S805 (IC 4765 Group, Pavo II, DRCG 1842-63) and the massive Norma Cluster.

In 2014, it was announced that the Pavo–Indus Supercluster is a lobe in a greater supercluster, Laniakea, that is centered on the Great Attractor. The Virgo Supercluster would also be part of this greater supercluster, thus becoming the local supercluster.
Thomas Milton Weatherald
Thomas Milton "Tom" Weatherald (August 14, 1937 – July 23, 2019) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Cannington from 1964 to 1975 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Wawota, Saskatchewan. He is the son of Lyle V. Weatherald and Mary Ann Milton, and was educated there and at the University of Saskatchewan. In 1969, Weatherald married Cheryl Marjorie Jopling. He lived in Wawota. Weatherald was defeated by Eric Berntson when he ran for re-election in the newly formed riding of Souris-Cannington. In 2007, he was inducted into the Saskatchewan Baseball Hall of Fame. He died on July 23, 2019, in Regina, Saskatchewan.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.