hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tree-Puzzle
TREE-PUZZLE is a computer program used to construct phylogenetic trees from sequence data by maximum likelihood analysis. Branch lengths can be calculated with and without the molecular clock hypothesis.

The software also implemented likelihood mapping, a method to visualize phylogenetic information in datasets, as well as several tests to assess if the likelihoods of trees are significantly worse than those of other trees.

The program's successor is IQ-TREE.

Molecular clock
The molecular clock  is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleotide sequences for DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences for proteins.
Gymnastics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings competition was one of eight events for male competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. It was held from 3 to 7 December at the Melbourne Festival Hall. There were 63 competitors from 18 nations (down sharply from the 185 gymnasts in 1952), with nations in the team competition having up to 6 gymnasts and other nations entering up to 3 gymnasts. The event was won by Albert Azaryan of the Soviet Union, the nation's second consecutive victory in the rings. Another Soviet, Valentin Muratov, took silver (the second consecutive silver in the event for the Soviets, as well). Masumi Kubota and Masao Takemoto earned Japan's first medals in the event, tying for bronze.

Rings (gymnastics)
The rings, also known as still rings (in contrast to flying rings), is an artistic gymnastics apparatus and the event that uses it. It is traditionally used only by male gymnasts due to its extreme upper body strength requirements. Gymnasts often wear ring grips while performing.
NGC 2477
NGC 2477 (also known as Caldwell 71 or the Termite Hole Cluster) is an open cluster in the constellation Puppis. It contains about 300 stars, and was discovered by Abbé Lacaille in 1751. The cluster's age has been estimated at 700 million years.

Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille
Abbé Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille (French: [nikɔla lwi də lakaj]; 15 March 1713 – 21 March 1762), formerly sometimes spelled de la Caille, was a French astronomer and geodesist who named 14 out of the 88 constellations. From 1750 to 1754, he studied the sky at the Cape of Good Hope in present-day South Africa. Lacaille observed over 10,000 stars using a refracting telescope.
McBirney
McBirney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James H. McBirney (1870–1944), American banker

Martin McBirney (1922–1974), Northern Irish judge and politician

Nettie McBirney (1887–1982), American inventor and writer

Sam P. McBirney (c. 1877 – 1936), American football coach and banker

Sam P. McBirney
Sam Pendleton McBirney (August 8, 1877 – January 20, 1936) was an American football coach and banker. He was the head football coach for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team in 1908 and from 1914 to 1916. His undefeated 1916 team outscored opponents 566 to 40 to become the highest scoring college football team during the 1916 college football season. He has been called "one of the fathers of football in Oklahoma." McBirney was also a founder and vice president of Tulsa's Bank of Commerce from 1904 until his death in 1936.
Susini
Susini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annick de Susini (born 1960), French swimmer

Clemente Susini (1754–1814), Italian sculptor

Enrique Telémaco Susini (1891-1972), Argentine media entrepreneur

Giovanni Francesco Susini (c.1585 – c. 1653), Italian sculptor

Jean-Jacques Susini (1933–2017), French political figure

Laurent Susini (born 1965), French molecular biologist

Telémaco Susini (1856–1936), Argentinian physician

Enrique Telémaco Susini
Enrique Telémaco Susini (January 31, 1891 – July 4, 1972) was an Argentine entrepreneur and media pioneer.

In 1920, Susini led the effort for the first radio broadcast in Argentina, and subsequently established one of the earliest regular radio stations in the world. During the 1920s and 1930s, he became a successful entrepreneur in the nascent radio and film industry.

Besides his business interests, Susini was an accomplished artist. He worked as director for theaters in Argentina and Italy and directed several movies produced by Lumiton, which he owned.
Heaven & Earth (soundtrack)
Heaven & Earth is the official soundtrack to the 1993 Golden Globe-winning film of the same name directed by Oliver Stone, with the original score composed by Japanese composer Kitarō. The score won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.

Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score
The Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score is a Golden Globe Award presented by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA), an organization of journalists who cover the United States film industry, but are affiliated with publications outside North America, since its institution in 1947.
Endgame (Blood of the Martyrs EP)
Endgame is the first commercially released EP by American metalcore band Blood of the Martyrs and is the group's only release with lead vocalist Jason Wilkins. The EP was produced by Andreas Magnusson, who has worked with bands such as Haste the Day, Oh, Sleeper, and Impending Doom.

Haste the Day
Haste the Day is an American metalcore band formed in Carmel, Indiana in 2001 and signed to Solid State Records. Their name is derived from a lyric in the hymn "It Is Well with My Soul" by Horatio Spafford. The band released an EP titled That They May Know You, in 2002, followed by five studio albums: Burning Bridges (2004), When Everything Falls (2005), Pressure the Hinges (2007), Dreamer (2008), and Attack of the Wolf King (2010). The group disbanded in March 2011 but reformed in 2014 and released their sixth album, Coward, in 2015.
Kraus-type radio telescope
The Kraus-type radio telescope design was created by Dr. John D. Kraus (1910–2004).

Kraus-type telescopes are transit instruments, where the flat primary mirror reflects radio waves towards the spherical secondary mirror, which focuses it towards a mobile focal carriage. The primary tilts north–south to select any object near the meridian, while the focal carriage moves east–west along railroad ties to track objects near transit.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Bonnie Kantor-Burman
Bonnie K. Burman, Sc.D., was the 10th director of the Ohio Department of Aging from 2011 to 2016.

She was appointed to that cabinet-level position in January 2011 by Ohio Governor John Kasich, where she served until her retirement in August 2016. For 15 years, she was the director of the Office of Geriatrics and Gerontology at the Ohio State University. From 2007 until January 2011, she was the executive director of the Pioneer Network, a national advocate for nursing home reform.

Dr. Kantor-Burman has a doctorate in health policy and management from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Ohio Department of Aging
The Ohio Department of Aging is the administrative department of the Ohio state government responsible for delivery of services and support that improves and promotes quality of life and personal choice for older Ohioans, adults with disabilities, their families and their caregivers. The director of the department is the chief advisor to the Governor concerning issues affecting older Ohioans and policy changes at the federal Administration on Aging.
People's Fighters Front
The People's Fighters Front (Balochi: جبهه مبارزین مردمی, romanized: Jabheh-yi Mubarizin-i Mardumi) abbreviated as PFF or JMM, is a Baloch nationalist militant organization mainly operating in the Sistan and Balochistan province in southeastern Iran. It was founded in late 2025 as a merger of several Sunni Baloch militias, including Jaysh al-Adl, and has been participant in the Sistan and Balochistan insurgency. The PFF's masked spokesperson is Mahmud Baloch.

Baloch people
The Baloch people or the Balochs are an Iranian nomadic pastoral ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and are native to the Balochistan region of South and West Asia, occupying parts of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number resides in the Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, 2% of Iran's population, and around 0.5%–1% of the population of Afghanistan, and the largest non-Arab community in Oman.
Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol
The Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) is a protocol for streaming differential GPS (DGPS) corrections over the Internet for real-time kinematic positioning.
NTRIP is a generic, stateless protocol based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 and is enhanced for GNSS data streams.

The specification is standardized by the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM).
NTRIP was developed by the German Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) and the Dortmund University Department of Computer Science. Ntrip was released in September 2004. The 2011 version of the protocol is version 2.0.

NTRIP used to be an open standard protocol but it is not available freely (as of 2020). There is an open source implementation available from software.rtcm-ntrip.org Archived 2020-08-11 at the Wayback Machine from where the protocol can be reverse-engineered.

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.
Johnson Home Farm
Johnson Home Farm was a historic home located near Taylor's Bridge, New Castle County, Delaware.  It was built about 1790, and was a two-story, five-bay, gable-roof, post-and-plank building with interior brick chimneys at each gable end. It has a center-passage plan with overall dimensions of 39 feet wide by 22 feet deep.  A two-story, wood-frame kitchen wing was added in the mid-19th century. It is in the Federal style.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, and demolished before 2002.

Post-and-plank
The method of building wooden buildings with a traditional timber frame with horizontal plank or log infill has many names, the most common of which are piece sur piece (French. Also used to describe log building), corner post construction, post-and-plank, ständerbohlenbau (German) and skiftesverk (Swedish). This traditional building method is believed to be the predecessor to half-timber construction widely known by its German name fachwerkbau which has wall infill of wattle and daub, brick, or stone. This carpentry was used from parts of Scandinavia to Switzerland to western Russia. Though relatively rare now, two types are found in a number of regions in North America, more common are the walls with planks or timbers which slide in a groove in the posts and less common is a type where horizontal logs are tenoned into individual mortises in the posts. This method is not the same as the plank-frame buildings in North America with vertical plank walls.
Van Nostrand
Van Nostrand is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amy Van Nostrand (born 1953), American actress

Burr Van Nostrand, American composer (born 1945)

David Van Nostrand (1811–1886), American publisher

John Van Nostrand (1961–1984), American tennis player

Kevin VanNostrand (born 1987), American kickboxer

Molly Van Nostrand (born 1965), American tennis player

Wally Van (born Charles Wallace Van Nostrand; 1880–1974), American actor and director

Burr Van Nostrand
Burr Van Nostrand (born 1945) is an American classical composer and cellist. He is known for his avant-garde works which use aleatory and graphic notation and were composed from the 1960s through the 1980s. Van Nostrand was born in Los Angeles and began composing while still in high school in San Diego. He studied cello at Yale with Aldo Parisot and composition at the New England Conservatory under Robert Cogan. After his graduation from the NEC with a Masters in Music in 1971, he spent four years in the Netherlands at the Gaudeamus Foundation where several of his works were premiered. He stopped composing in the late 1980s but remained active as a cellist until 2000. There was renewed interest in his music following a concert of his early works at the New England Conservatory in 2012 and the release of a CD the following year containing his 1969 Voyage in a White Building I and two other works from that period.
Gary Ramey
Gary William Ramey is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2009 provincial election. He represented the electoral district of Lunenburg West as a member of the New Democratic Party until his defeat in the 2013 election.

Ramey was the ministerial assistant for the Department of Health in the government of Darrell Dexter.

2009 Nova Scotia general election
The 2009 Nova Scotia general election was held on June 9, 2009 to elect members of the 61st House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. The government was defeated on a money bill on May 4, and the Nova Scotia House of Assembly was dissolved by Lieutenant Governor Mayann Francis on May 5. thereby triggering an election. The NDP won a majority government, forming government the first time in the province's history, and for the first time in an Atlantic Canadian province. The governing Progressive Conservatives were reduced to third place.
Botchan
Botchan (坊っちゃん; Japanese pronunciation: [boꜜtʲ.tɕaɴ]) is a novel written by Japanese author Natsume Sōseki in 1906. It is one of the most popular Japanese novels, read by many  during their school years. The central theme of the story is morality, but there are generous amounts of humor and sarcasm alongside it.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Reporters (Indian TV series)
Reporters is an Indian newsroom drama television series very loosely based on The Newsroom that premiered on 13 April 2015 on Sony Entertainment Television. The show stars Rajeev Khandelwal as Kabir and Kritika Kamra as Ananya.

Producer Shristi Arya stated that after meeting a reporter she was inspired to make a show based on journalists' life. The character of Kabir (Rajeev Khandelwal) is based on Rajdeep Sardesai and Arnab Goswami.

Newsroom
A newsroom is the central place where journalists—reporters, editors, and producers, associate producers, news anchors, news designers, photojournalists, videojournalists, associate editor, residence editor, visual text editor, Desk Head, stringers along with other staffers—work to gather news to be published in a newspaper, an online newspaper or magazine, or broadcast on radio, television, or cable. Some journalism organizations refer to the newsroom as the city room.
Duke Bojadziev
Duke Bojadziev (Macedonian: Дуке Бојаџиев, romanized: Duke Bojadžiev, pronounced ['dukɛ bɔja'd͡ʒiɛv] born 24 September 1972) is a Macedonian composer, record producer and pianist, who lives in New York City.

Danis Tanović
Danis Tanović (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Данис Тановић; born 20 February 1969) is a Bosnian film director and screenwriter. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as nominations for the Golden Bear and the Palme d'Or.

Tanović is known for having directed and written the script for the film No Man's Land (2001), which won him many awards, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He has also written and directed the award-winning films An Episode in the Life of an Iron Picker (2013) and Death in Sarajevo (2016).
Progue House
Progue House is a historic home located at Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York.  It was built about 1763, and is a 2-story, stone building built into a hillside. It has a 1+1⁄2-story saltbox-style side wing.  It is an example of a vernacular German stone farmhouse of the 18th century.  Also on the property are a contributing barn, four sheds, and a privy. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Rhinebeck (village), New York
Rhinebeck is a village in the town of Rhinebeck in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 2,657 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area as well as the larger New York metropolitan area.

The postal ZIP code is 12572. U.S. Route 9 passes through the village.
Pine Level
Pine Level can refer to:

Town of Pine Level, Autauga County, Alabama

Pine Level, Coffee County, Alabama

Pine Level, Montgomery County, Alabama

Pine Level, DeSoto County, Florida

Pine Level, Hillsborough County, Florida

Pine Level, Santa Rosa County, Florida, a census-designated place

Pine Level, Columbus County, North Carolina

Pine Level, Johnston County, North Carolina

Pine Level, Johnston County, North Carolina
Pine Level, chartered 1872, is a town in Johnston County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,700 at the 2010 census, up from 1,313 in 2000. Pine Level is located 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Raleigh, the state capital.
Del Turco (surname)
Del Turco is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Flaminio del Turco (died 1634), Italian architect and sculptor

Ottaviano Del Turco (born 1944), Italian politician

Riccardo Del Turco (born 1939), Italian singer

Marquis Stefano Rosselli del Turco (1877–1947), Italian chess player, writer and publisher

Flaminio del Turco
Flaminio del Turco (active 1581 till death in 1634) was an Italian architect and sculptor. He was born and active mainly in Siena, Italy. Along with Damiano Schifardini, he helped erect the Collegiata di Provenzano. He also helped the design the church of Santa Lucia, Montepulciano. He completed some altars for the Sienese churches of San Raimondo and San Giovannino della Staffa.

According to various texts, due to his skills, he was called upon to make estimates of sculpture works, to arbitrate open questions, as well as to execute sculptures himself, particularly for church altars.
Heart of Mine (Bob Dylan song)
"Heart of Mine" is a song by Bob Dylan that appeared on his 1981 album Shot of Love. Recorded on May 15, 1981, it was released as a single, and reached No. 8 in Norway. A live version of the composition was released on Biograph in 1985.

Artists who have covered the song include Norah Jones, Mountain, Steve Gibbons, Blake Mills, Maria Muldaur, and Ulf Lundell.

Biograph (album)
Biograph is a compilation spanning the career of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on November 7, 1985, by Columbia Records . Consisting of 53 tracks, 18 of which were previously unreleased, from 1962 to 1981, the box set was released as a five-LP set, a three-cassette tape set, and a three-compact disc set. Biograph reached No. 33 on the Billboard 200 in the U.S. and has been certified platinum by the RIAA.
1988 Cellnet Superprix
After the 18th and final round of the 1988 B.A.R.C./B.R.D.C. Lucas Formula Three British Championship, the mobile telephone company Cellnet, who were already sponsoring the Intersport Racing team, organised an invitation non championship, end of season race. This race was held at Brands Hatch, on 9 October. Although Avon Tyres still supplied the tyres, Cellnet decided to increase interest by introducing a compulsory wheel change mid-race. They requested that the changes should be visible to spectators, so Avon came up with the idea of painting the whole side of the tyres.

Brands Hatch
Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit in West Kingsdown, Kent, England. Originally used as a grasstrack motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently hosts many British and International racing events. The venue is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.
2002 African Badminton Championships
The 2002 African Badminton Championships were the continental badminton championships to crown the best players and teams across Africa. The tournament was held at the Mohammed V Indoor Sport Complex in Casablanca, Morocco, from 15 to 21 July 2002.

In the team event, South Africa defeated Nigeria in the final while Mauritius defeated Seychelles in the third place play-off. Seychelles also won their first ever gold medal at the championships with Juliette Ah-Wan winning the women's singles title.

Mauritius national badminton team
The Mauritius national badminton team (French: Équipe nationale de badminton de l'ile Maurice; Mauritian Creole: Ekipi nasional badminton Moris) represents Mauritius in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Mauritius Badminton Association, the governing body of badminton in Mauritius.

Mauritius was the first African country to make an appearance in the Sudirman Cup. The team also first competed in the African Badminton Championships in 1988. The team won their first title at the African Mixed Team Championships in 2000. The team qualified for its first ever Uber Cup in 2016 after winning the African Women's Team Championships for the first time. Mauritius have yet to qualify for the Thomas Cup.

Mauritius also competes in the Indian Ocean Island Games and has won every gold in all of the team events since its inaugural edition in 1979.
2013 Swedish Open – Men's doubles
Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecău were the three-time defending champions, but chose not to compete together.  Tecău teamed up with Marius Copil, but they lost in the first round to Jan Hájek and Filip Polášek. Lindstedt played alongside Daniel Nestor, but they lost in the second round to Nicholas Monroe and Simon Stadler. 
Monroe and Stadler went on to win the title, defeating Carlos Berlocq and Albert Ramos in the final, 6–2, 3–6, [10–3]

Jan Hájek (tennis)
Jan Hájek (born 7 August 1983) is a retired male professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. He reached the third round of the 2007 French Open and attained a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 71 in November 2006.