hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polygyny in animals
Polygyny (/pəˈlɪdʒɪni/; from Neo-Greek πολυγυνία, from  πολύ- (polú-) 'many' and  γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, wife') is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a few males. Systems where several females mate with several males are defined either as promiscuity or polygynandry. Lek mating is frequently regarded as a form of polygyny, because one male mates with many females, but lek-based mating systems differ in that the male has no attachment to the females with whom he mates, and that mating females lack attachment to one another.

Polygyny is typical of one-male, multi-female groups and can be found in many species including: elephant seal, spotted hyena, gorilla, red-winged prinia, house wren, hamadryas baboon, common pheasant, red deer, Bengal tiger, Xylocopa sonorina, Anthidium manicatum and elk. Often in polygynous systems, females will provide the majority of parental care.

Xylocopa sonorina
Xylocopa sonorina, the valley carpenter bee or Hawaiian carpenter bee, is a species of carpenter bee found from western Texas to northern California, and the eastern Pacific islands. Females are black while males are golden-brown with green eyes.
Raúl Grijalva
Raúl Manuel Grijalva (/rɑːˈuːl ɡrɪˈhælvə/ rah-OOL grih-HAL-və; February 19, 1948 – March 13, 2025) was an American politician and activist who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Arizona from 2003 until his death in 2025. As member of the Democratic Party, Grijalva represented Arizona's 7th congressional district from 2003 to 2013, Arizona's 3rd congressional district from 2013 to 2023, and the 7th district again from 2023 to 2025. The two districts included the western third of Tucson, part of Yuma and Nogales, and some peripheral parts of metropolitan Phoenix.

In October 2024, Grijalva announced that he would not run for re-election in 2026, amid treatments for lung cancer, but died before he could complete his final term. The 2025 Arizona's 7th congressional district special election was held on September 23, 2025, in which Adelita Grijalva, his daughter, was elected to serve the remainder of his term.

Arizona's 7th congressional district
Arizona's 7th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona. The district stretches along the Mexico–United States border and includes the western third of Tucson, parts of Yuma and Nogales, as well as Avondale and Tolleson in Metro Phoenix. It has been represented by Democrat Adelita Grijalva since November 2025.
Galician Workers' Front
Galician Workers' Front (FOGA, Fronte Obreira Galega in Galician language) is a Galician political organization. It was formed in 2010 by militants of the trade union world, mainly of the Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG). The organization was integrated in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) until 2012, when the FOGA abandoned the BNG and was one of the three parties that formed Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood.

Confederación Intersindical Galega
The Galician Unions Confederacy (Galician: Confederación Intersindical Galega, CIG) is a trade union that was created after the merge of two previous unions: the INTG and the CXTG. It has a Galician nationalist and socialist ideology and generally defends a combative labour model, as opposed to the perceived mild tactics of the other two main unions in Galicia, CCOO and the UGT. The union has organized 6 general strikes in Galicia since its creation.

Currently the CIG has 4,480 labour delegates (28.28% of the total) and more than 80,000 members, being the largest union in Galicia both in membership and delegates.

CIG demonstration in Vigo

CIG logo

CIG in the International Workers' Day in Santiago de Compostela.
Kunigami language
Kunigami or Northern Okinawan (山原言葉, ヤンバルクトゥーバ, Yanbaru Kutūba) is a Ryukyuan language of Northern Okinawa Island in Kunigami District and city of Nago, otherwise known as the Yanbaru region, historically the territory of the kingdom of Hokuzan.

The Nakijin dialect is often considered representative of Kunigami, analogous to the Shuri-Naha dialect of Central Okinawan. The number of fluent native speakers of Kunigami is not known. As a result of Japanese language policy, the younger generation mostly speaks Japanese as their first language.

Shuri, Okinawa
Shuri (首里; Okinawan: スイ Sui or Shui, Northern Ryukyuan: しより Shiyori) is a district of the city of Naha, Okinawa, Japan. Formerly a separate city in and of itself, it was once the royal capital of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, hence the name. A number of famous historical sites are located in Shuri, including Shuri Castle, the Shureimon gate, Sunuhyan-utaki (a sacred space of the native Ryukyuan religion), and royal mausoleum Tamaudun, all of which are designated World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

Originally established as a castle town surrounding the royal palace, Shuri ceased to be the capital when the kingdom was annexed and incorporated into Japan as Okinawa prefecture. In 1896, Shuri was made a ward (区, ku) of the new prefectural capital, Naha, though it was made a separate city again in 1921. In 1954, it was merged again into Naha.
Schinia chrysella
Schinia chrysella is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found throughout the central United States south to Monterry, Mexico.

The wingspan is about 23 mm.

The larvae feed on Amphiachyris dracunculoides.

Amphiachyris dracunculoides
Amphiachyris dracunculoides, commonly called broomweed, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the United States, primarily the southern Great Plains from Missouri to eastern New Mexico.

Amphiachyris dracunculoides is a tall annual herb occasionally reaching as much as 200 cm (7 feet) in height. The leaves are linear, glabrous, and alternately arranged. Flower heads are yellow, with both ray florets and disc florets. The involucre is made up of 2-3 series of imbricate phyllaries. It is found in calcareous areas, and is tolerant of disturbed habitats.
Fuel surrogate
Fuel surrogates are mixtures of one or more simple fuels that are designed to emulate either the physical properties (vapor pressure) or combustion properties (laminar flame speed, heating value, etc.) of a more complex fuel.  While surrogate mixtures can demonstrate more than one characteristic of the desired fuel, more often than not different components are required in order to emulate the wide variety of properties that are of interest to researchers. Jet fuel is an example of a fuel requiring a surrogate for experimental research and numerical modelling due to its complexity and high content variability from one batch to the next. Neat hydrocarbon jet fuel surrogate components include decane, dodecane, methylcyclohexane, and toluene. Gasoline surrogate components include n-heptane and iso-octane. Hexadecane is a diesel surrogate component. Biodiesel surrogate components include methyl butyrate and methyl decanoate.

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2. It is one of several isomers of octane (C8H18). This particular isomer is the standard 100 point on the octane rating scale (the zero point is n-heptane). It is an important component of gasoline, frequently used in relatively large proportions (around 10%) to increase the knock resistance of fuel.

Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of "iso" is followed, the name isooctane should be reserved for the isomer 2-methylheptane. However, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is by far the most important isomer of octane and historically it has been assigned this name.
Hydroxynitrilase
In enzymology, a hydroxynitrilase (EC 4.1.2.37) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acetone cyanohydrin  cyanide + acetone

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetone cyanohydrin, and two products, cyanide and acetone.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetone-cyanohydrin acetone-lyase (cyanide-forming). Other names in common use include alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase, hydroxynitrile lyase, acetone-cyanhydrin lyase [mis-spelt], acetone-cyanohydrin acetone-lyase, oxynitrilase, 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile acetone-lyase, 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile acetone-lyase (cyanide-forming), and acetone-cyanohydrin lyase.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
1887 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1887 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1887 college football season. The team finished with a 7–2 record.  The Tigers held their first nine opponents scoreless, winning those games by a combined 420 to 0 score. The team then lost the last two games of the season against Harvard and Yale.

1887 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1887 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1887 college football season. They finished with a 10–1 record. In the first 10 games of the season, the Crimson outscored opponents 652 to 6.  The sole loss came in the final game on November 24, 1887, a 17-8 loss against Yale in New York, New York.
Pygarctia spraguei
Pygarctia spraguei, also known as Sprague's pygarctia or Sprague's tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1875. It is found in North America from the Great Plains of southern Canada to Texas, westward to Utah, eastward to Indiana and Louisiana.

The wingspan is about 31 mm.

The larvae feed on Euphorbia species.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.
Prag Cine Awards 2014
The Prag Cine Awards 2014 ceremony, presented by the Prag Network, honored the actors, technical achievements, and films censored in 2013 from Assam and took place on 22 March 2014, at the Koramangala Indoor Stadium in Bangalore, India. Actors duos Kopil Bora and Zerifa Wahid hosted the show. Veteran litterateur Arun Sharma, Kannada film director Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar and Bollywood film actress Mahima Chaudhary inaugurated the event.

Actor Mridula Barua was honoured with the lifetime Achievement Award for her contribution towards the Assamese film Industry. Actor Adil Hussain received best actor award for Raag and the best actress award has gone to Jaya Seal Ghose for Sringkhal. Jahnu Barua directed Ajeyo won the best film award.

Zerifa Wahid
Zerifa Wahid is an Indian actress known for her works in Assamese films. Her prominent features include Baandhon, which won the 60th National Film Awards for Best Feature Film in Assamese directed by Jahnu Baruah, and the best film in the Indian Films Competition held at the Bengaluru International Film Festival for the year 2012.
Tor Erling Staff
Tor Erling Staff (22 February 1933 – 22 July 2018) was a Norwegian criminal defense lawyer. He was particularly known for taking controversial cases.

Staff was born in Oslo. As a student he chaired the Norwegian Students' Society in Oslo in the spring of 1956, graduating with the cand.jur. degree in 1958. He started working for barrister Olaf Trampe Kindt and for stipendiary magistrate Christian Bernt Apenes. He continued his studies in the United States. From 1967 he worked as a lawyer in Oslo and at the Supreme Court.

Criminal defense lawyer
A criminal defense lawyer is a lawyer (mostly barristers) specializing in the defense of individuals and companies charged with criminal activity. Some criminal defense lawyers are privately retained, while others are employed by the various jurisdictions with criminal courts for appointment to represent indigent persons; the latter are generally called public defenders. The terminology is imprecise because each jurisdiction may have different practices with various levels of input from country to country. Some jurisdictions use a rotating system of appointments, with judges appointing a private practice attorney or firm for each case.
Anton Ingolič
Anton Ingolič (5 January 1907 – 11 March 1992) was a Slovene writer, playwright, and editor. 
He is best known for his novels and youth literature.

Ingolič was born in Spodnja Polskava near Slovenska Bistrica in the Austro-Hungarian Duchy of Styria (present-day eastern Slovenia). He went to the local school and completed his secondary education in Maribor before studying in Ljubljana and Paris. He worked as a secondary-school Slovene and French language teacher in Ptuj, Maribor, and Ljubljana. 
He was editor of the journal Nova Obzorja and became a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1976.

He won the Prešeren Award twice, in 1949 for his novel Pot po nasipu and in 1978 for his literary opus for youth and adults. Between 1961 and 1963 he was president of the Slovene Writers' Association.

The primary school in Spodnja Polskava is named after Ingolič.

Spodnja Polskava
Spodnja Polskava (pronounced [ˈspoːdnja pɔlˈskaːʋa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Stephen and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was built in the 16th century and refurbished in the Baroque style in the early 17th century.
2018 Men's Indoor Hockey World Cup
The 2018 Men's Indoor Hockey World Cup was the fifth edition of this tournament and played from 7 to 11 February 2018 in Berlin, Germany. The Netherlands were the reigning champions, but did not return to defend their title due to their poor performance at the 2016 European Indoor Championship.

Austria defeated Germany in the final after penalties to win their first title, while Iran secured their first medal.

2016 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Championship
The 2016 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Championship was the eighteenth edition of the Men's EuroHockey Indoor Championship, the biennial international men's indoor hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It took place from 15 to 17 January 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic.

The two-time defending champions Germany won their 15th title by defeating Austria 3–2 in the final. Russia won the bronze medal by defeating the hosts the Czech Republic 4–3.
Bârzava (Timiș)
The Bârzava or Brzava (Romanian: Bârzava, Serbian: Брзава / Brzava, Hungarian: Berzava, German: Bersau) is a river in Romania and Serbia. The Bârzava is part of the Black Sea drainage basin and flows into the river Timiș (or Tamiš). It is 166 km long and has a drainage area of 1,190 km².

Jarkovac
Jarkovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Јарковац) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Sečanj municipality, Central Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (76.27%), with Hungarian (8.69%) and Romanian (5.72%) minorities. Its population was 1,817 people in the 2002 census.
Vicki Mowat
Vicki Mowat is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in a by-election on September 7, 2017. She represents the electoral district of Saskatoon Fairview as a member of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party.

A former executive assistant to the associate dean of Aboriginal affairs at the University of Saskatchewan, she was also the party's candidate in the same district in the 2016 provincial election.

Vicki Mowat is a retired member of the Canadian Armed Forces, after serving in the Cadet Instructors Cadre – the branch of the Canadian Armed Forces that administers and trains the Cadet Program of Canada. Vicki Mowat served for several years at the Vernon Cadet Training Center, achieving the rank of Major.

As of June 22, 2024, she serves as the Deputy Leader of the Official Opposition and the Official Opposition critic for Health and for Mental Health and Addictions.

Saskatoon Fairview
Saskatoon Fairview is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. The district includes the neighbourhoods of Kensington, Parkridge, Pacific Heights, Blairmore Urban Centre, Confederation Park, and part of Massey Place. Contrary to the name, the neighbourhood of Fairhaven is not part of the riding.

The riding was created prior to the 1982 election from parts of Biggar, Saskatoon Westmount and Saskatoon Riversdale.
Katt Williams: American Hustle
Katt Williams: American Hustle, also known as American Hustle: The Movie, is a 2007 comedy film directed by Brit McAdams, and written by Brit McAdams and Katt Williams. The film, a follow-up to Katt Williams: The Pimp Chronicles Pt. I (2006), shown on HBO, was rated "R" for its sexual content and innuendo, portrayals of drug use and related references, and general profanity.

Tamala Jones
Tamala Reneé Jones (born November 12, 1974) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in films  such as Booty Call, The Wood, Kingdom Come, The Brothers, and What Men Want. Her prominent television roles include Tina, a recurring character on Veronica's Closet; Bobbi Seawright on For Your Love; and Lanie Parish on the ABC crime drama Castle.
Ferenc Tóth (politician)
Ferenc Tóth ([ˈfɛrɛnts ˈtoːt]; 30 December 1950 – 4 December 2020) was a Hungarian engineer and politician.

He was a member of the National Assembly (MP) for Paks (Tolna County Constituency II) between 1998 and 2014.

Paks
Paks is a small town in Tolna county, in the south of Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube River, 100 km south of Budapest. Paks as a former agricultural settlement is now the home of the only Hungarian nuclear power plant, which provides about 50% of the country's electricity consumption.
Judiciary City
The Judiciary City (French: Cité judiciaire) is a site in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, that houses a number of courts and legal offices.  It consolidates all of Luxembourg City's judicial buildings, except those related to the institutions of the European Union, on one site, and greatly expands their capacity.

The City sits on the Saint-Esprit plateau, sandwiched between the Alzette and the Pétrusse, in the southern part of the central Ville Haute quarter.  Its buildings are built in modern Moselle Baroque, to match the surrounding area, and were designed by Robert Krier.  Planned since 1991, the first stone of the City was laid on 7 October 2003, and it was officially inaugurated five years later, on 6 October 2008.  The buildings contain 43,000 square metres (460,000 sq ft) of floor space, including 300 offices and sixteen courtrooms.

Alzette
The Alzette (French pronunciation: [alzɛt] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Uelzecht [ˈu̯əltsəɕt] ⓘ; German: Alzig [ˈaltsɪç]) is a river with a length of 73 kilometres (45 mi) in France and Luxembourg. It is a right tributary of the Sauer (a tributary to the Moselle), and ultimately to the Rhine.

It rises in Thil near the town Villerupt in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département, France. It crosses the border with Luxembourg after 2.7 km (1.7 mi). At Lameschmillen (near Bergem) it is joined by the Mess. It flows through the Luxembourgish towns Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg City and Mersch, and empties into the Sauer near Ettelbruck.

The rocky cliffs above the Alzette in Luxembourg City are called 'Bock'. This name was given to the Casemates du Bock; a honeycomb of tunnels which runs under the ruins of the Fortress of Luxembourg. The fortress protected the city of Luxembourg for centuries until it began to be dismantled in 1867.
Rafał Murawski
Rafał Murawski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈrafaw muˈrafskʲi], born 9 October 1981) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Klasa B club Akademia Piłkarska 16 Gdynia, of which he is the founder.

Klasa B
Klasa B represents the eighth (or ninth in some regions) level of the Polish football hierarchy. Teams promoted from Klasa B move up to Klasa A, whilst relegated teams descend to the Klasa C leagues (where the latter league exists).
Midland Provincial Park
Midland Provincial Park is a provincial park located in Alberta, Canada.

Once the site of the Midland Coal Mine, it was designated as a provincial park on June 5, 1979. It now hosts the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.

It is located 6 km west of Drumheller on Highway 838 (North Dinosaur Trail).

Activities in the park include canoeing, kayaking, fishing, wildlife viewing and hiking through willows and cottonwoods along the Red Deer River. Points of interest are fossil beds, a mine site and the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Mike Gavagan
Maurice Thomas "Mike" Gavagan (April 10, 1900 – January 9, 1957) was an American football player.

Gavagan was born in 1900 in Warsaw, New York. He played college football for St. Bonaventure and later played professional football a fullback for the Rochester Jeffersons in the National Football League (NFL). He appeared in two NFL games, both as a starter, during the 1923 season.

After retiring from football, Gavagan worked as a construction engineer. He served with the U.S. Navy Seabees in the Pacific theater during World War II. He died in 1957 at Wyoming County Community Hospital in Warsaw, New York.

Warsaw, New York
Warsaw is a town in Wyoming County, in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 5,316 at the 2020 census. It is located approximately 37 miles east southeast of Buffalo and approximately 37 miles southwest of Rochester. The town may have been named after Warsaw, Poland.

The Town of Warsaw is centrally located in the county and contains a village, also called Warsaw. The village is the county seat of Wyoming County.
Kommadagga
Kommadagga is a settlement 28 kilometres (17 mi) west-north-west of Riebeek East and 49 kilometres (30 mi) north of Paterson. The name is Khoikhoi and means 'in search of dagga'..

The Anglican church of St. George, Kommadagga is on the farm Three Fountains.

Paterson, South Africa
Paterson is a settlement in Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The town is located some 80 kilometres (50 miles) north-west of Alexandria and 21 kilometres (13 miles) north of Nanaga on the N10 National Route.