hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aksel Arstal
Aksel Kristian Andersen Arstal (25 August 1855 – 28 November 1940) was a Norwegian theologian, schoolteacher and geographer.

He was born in Christiania (Oslo) to city engineer Oluf Martin Andersen and Annette Fredrikke Sontum, and was a brother of pianist Hildur Andersen.

He graduated as cand.theol. in 1876 from University of Oslo, worked as schoolteacher at various private schools, eventually as geography teacher at the Oslo Commerce School, and lectured in political geography at the university. His works on geography include Landomrids (1886), Geografi for Middelskolen (1899) and Norges økonomiske Geografi (1902). He edited Forældre og Børn (1902), a work on parents and children which had a large number of prominent contributors. Arstal edited the first edition of the encyclopedia Oslo byleksikon, which was published in 1938, a work which had taken several years to accomplish.

He died in November 1940.

Oslo Commerce School
Oslo Commerce School (Norw. Oslo Handelsgymnasium) is a full-time public school in Oslo, Norway, specialising in the teaching of financial and business management.

The school was founded in 1875 as Christiania Commerce School (Norw. Christiania Handelsgymnasium) with the goal of enabling young people "who had settled on a career in commerce or other practical vocations" to receive "a complete theoretical and practical education in commercial subjects as well as a higher education in other subjects."
1858 Salvadoran presidential election
Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 26 January 1856. Miguel Santín del Castillo ran unopposed and was elected by the legislature. Born in 1830, he was the youngest ever president of El Salvador, elected at the age of 28.

Miguel Santín del Castillo
Miguel Santín del Castillo (1830–1880) was President of El Salvador from 7 February 1858 to 7 June 1858, and again from 18 September 1858 to 19 January 1859. An army officer himself, he founded the Military Academy of San Salvador. At age 28, he was the youngest ever president of El Salvador.
2013 Swedish Open – Women's singles
Polona Hercog was the two-time defending champion, but decided to compete at an ITF $100,000 event at Olomouc instead.

World No. 1 Serena Williams won the title, defeating Johanna Larsson in the final in straight sets.

The win in the final was Williams' last 28th match on clay, marked she was being undefeated on clay courts during 2013 season.

Richèl Hogenkamp
Richèl Hogenkamp (born 16 April 1992) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. Her highest WTA singles ranking is 94, which she reached on 24 July 2017. On the ITF Circuit, she won 16 singles and 14 doubles titles.
Lowe Glacier
Lowe Glacier (82°58′S 160°25′E﻿ / ﻿82.967°S 160.417°E﻿ / -82.967; 160.417) is a tributary glacier 7 nautical miles (13 km) long in the Queen Elizabeth Range, Antarctica. It flows south from a common saddle with the Prince of Wales Glacier 3 nautical miles (6 km) east of Mount Gregory to join the Princess Anne Glacier. The name was proposed by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1964–65, after D. Lowe, a member of the party.

New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) describes a series of scientific explorations of the continent Antarctica. The expeditions were notably active throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
Andy Nichols
Andy Nichols (January 29, 1937 – April 19, 2001) was an American politician who served in the Arizona House of Representatives from the 13th district from 1993 to 2001 and in the Arizona Senate from the 13th district in 2001.

He died on April 19, 2001, in Phoenix, Arizona, at age 64.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Blue's Big Musical Movie
Blue's Big Musical Movie, also known as Blue's Big Musical, is a 2000 American live-action animated direct-to-video musical film directed by Todd Kessler, and written by Angela C. Santomero and Michael T. Smith. It is the first in the Blue's Clues film series and is based on the Nick Jr. television series.

Blue's Big Musical Movie was released on VHS and DVD on October 3, 2000. A video game based on the film was released for the PlayStation. Blue's Big City Adventure, a film based on Blue's Clues' sequel series Blue's Clues & You, was released in 2022.

Nick Jr.
Nick Jr. or Nick, Jr., sometimes disambiguated as Nick Jr. on Nickelodeon or Nick Jr. on Nick, is a morning preschool programming block that airs on Nickelodeon every weekday. Launched on January 4, 1988, Nick Jr. features programming aimed at children aged 2 to 8.

On September 28, 2009, Nickelodeon launched a separate channel named after the Nick Jr. block as a replacement for the Noggin cable channel, which was known occasionally on air as the "Nick Jr. Channel" until 2023 for differentiation purposes.
Metzler Visiting Professorship
The Metzler Visiting Professorship in International Finance, founded by the German private bank Bankhaus Metzler in 1992, is an academic exchange program between the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.

Metzler Bank
The B. Metzler seel. Sohn & Co. AG is a private banking company in Frankfurt, Germany. Metzler traces its origins to a trading company established 1674 by Benjamin Metzler in Frankfurt and is Germany’s second oldest bank (after Berenberg Bank) and the world's 5th oldest.

The Metzler has been owned continuously and exclusively by the founding family since its foundation in 1674. After 1971 Friedrich von Metzler de lead the bank in the 11th generation as personally liable partner of the banking house. End of May 2018 he retired from the executive committee.
Lombardstown Mares Novice Chase
The Lombardstown Mares Novice Chase is a Grade 3 National Hunt novice steeplechase in Ireland which is open to mares aged four years or older. It is run at Cork over a distance of about 2 miles and half a furlong (2 miles and 160 yards, or 3,365 metres). The race is scheduled to take place each year in December. Since 2014 the race has been sponsored by the Kerry Group and run as the Kerry Group European Breeders Fund Mares Novice Chase.

The race was first run in 2004, and was awarded Grade 3 status in 2009 and Grade 2 status in 2021.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Caleb Daniel
Caleb Daniel (born 7 July 1996) is a professional Australian rules footballer who plays for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Known for his precise short kicking from half back, Daniel has been recognised statistically as one of the most effective short kicks in the game. 
When he was recruited in 2014 he was listed as the shortest player at 167cm (standing now at 171 cm) in the AFL, and is one of the few players who regularly wears a protective helmet, having done so since his playing days at junior level. He previously played for the Western Bulldogs from 2015 to 2024 and was in the 2016 premiership team.

2020 All-Australian team
The 2020 All-Australian team represents the best performed Australian Football League (AFL) players during the 2020 season. It was announced on 24 September as a complete Australian rules football team of 22 players. The team is honorary and does not play any games.
Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.

Fail-safe
In engineering, a fail-safe is a design feature or practice that, in the event of a failure of the design feature, inherently responds in a way that will cause minimal or no harm to other equipment, to the environment or to people. Unlike inherent safety to a particular hazard, a system being "fail-safe" does not mean that failure is naturally inconsequential, but rather that the system's design prevents or mitigates unsafe consequences of the system's failure. If and when a "fail-safe" system fails, it remains at least as safe as it was before the failure. Since many types of failure are possible, failure mode and effects analysis is used to examine failure situations and recommend safety design and procedures.

Some systems can never be made fail-safe, as continuous availability is needed. Redundancy, fault tolerance, or contingency plans are used for these situations (e.g. multiple independently controlled and fuel-fed engines).
Cody Trahan
Cody Michelle Trahan (born 1988) is an American softball player. She attended Little Cypress-Mauriceville High School in Orange, Texas, graduating in 2006. She later attended Louisiana State University, where she pitched on the LSU Tigers softball team. Trahan led the Tigers to four consecutive NCAA tournament appearances, where they advanced as far as the Super Regionals in 2007.

LSU Tigers softball
The LSU Tigers softball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and plays home games in Tiger Park. The team is currently coached by Beth Torina.
Judy array
In computer science, a Judy array is an early-2000s Hewlett-Packard hand-optimized implementation of a 256-ary radix tree that uses many situational node types to reduce latency from CPU cache-line fills. As a compressed radix tree, a Judy array can store potentially sparse integer- or string-indexed data with comparatively low memory usage and low read latency, without relying on hashing or tree balancing, and without sacrificing in-order traversal. Per-operation latency scales as —as expected of a tree—and the leading constant factor is small enough that Judy arrays are suitable even to the peta-element range. When applicable, they can be faster than implementations of AVL trees, B-trees, hash tables, or skip lists from the same time period.

B-tree
In computer science, a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree generalizes the binary search tree, allowing nodes to have more than two children.

By allowing more children under one node than a regular self-balancing binary search tree, the B-tree reduces the height of the tree and puts the data in fewer separate blocks. This is especially important for trees stored in secondary storage (e.g., disk drives), as these systems have relatively high latency and work with relatively large blocks of data, hence the B-tree's use in databases and file systems. This remains a major advantage when the tree is stored in memory, as modern computer systems rely heavily on CPU caches. Compared to reading from the cache, reading from memory after a cache miss costs significant time.
Hyposmocoma semifuscata
Hyposmocoma semifuscata is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii. The type locality is Kona, where it was collected at an elevation between 2,000 and 4,000 feet (610 and 1,220 m).

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Saji Varghese
Saji Kurungatil Varghese is an Indian academic and social entrepreneur. He is an Associate Professor of English at Christ University, Bengaluru, and the founder of Sunbird Straws, a Bengaluru-based startup that makes biodegradable drinking straws and pens using naturally dried, fallen coconut leaves.

Christ University
Christ University, earlier known as Christ College, is a private deemed university located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Founded in 1969 by the CMI Fathers on the Dharmaram Campus, it was declared as an institution deemed to be university under section 3 of UGC Act 1956.

CHRIST is under the management of the priests of the Catholic religious order, Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), part of Syro Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church. In 2016, the university was accredited by National Assessment and Accreditation Council with A+ Grade.
Zahra Kamalfar
Zahra Kamalfar is an Iranian refugee living in Canada.  She was originally from the Muslim Dervish sect and her husband was executed in Iranian custody.  After her husband's death, she fled the country with her son Davood and daughter Anna.  From Turkey, they fled  into Russia. From Russia, the family planned to go to Germany and then seek political asylum in Canada.  When Kamalfar went to Germany, the German authorities sent her back to Russia. Russia planned to deport her back to Iran but they did not. Instead, she lived in the Sheremetyevo International Airport for ten months, and finally went to Canada where she has been residing since March 15, 2007.

Right of asylum
The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum from Ancient Greek  ἄσυλον (ásulon) 'sanctuary'), is a juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary. This right was recognized by the Ancient Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition. René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners. Contemporary right of asylum is founded on the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
2025 Dhaka University Central Students' Union elections
Elections in Dhaka University Central Students' Union (DUCSU) in Dhaka University were held on 9 September 2025, which is the first major electoral decision marking student politics in Bangladesh after the July Revolution which ousted Sheikh Hasina and her party, the Awami League from power in 2024. Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir-led United Students' Alliance (USA) won a landslide victory in the election, with Shadik Kayem of Shibir won as vice-president (VP), SM Forhad of Shibir as general secretary (GS) and Mohiuddin Khan of Shibir as assistant general secretary (AGS).

Dhaka University Central Students' Union
Dhaka University Central Students' Union (Bengali: ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কেন্দ্রীয় ছাত্র সংসদ, romanized: ḍhaka biśśobiddalôẏ kendriẏo chatro śôṅśod), commonly known by its acronym DUCSU, is the official students' union of the University of Dhaka. Called the second parliament of Bangladesh, DUCSU represents Dhaka University students in the university's decision-making, acts as the voice for students in the national higher education policy debate, and provides direct services to the student body.
Rutman
Rutman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Darrett B. Rutman (1929–1997), American historian

Heather Rutman, American blogger

Leo Rutman, American writer and playwright

Robert Rutman (1931–2021), German-American visual artist, musician, composer, and instrument builder

Raphael Rutman, Rabbi

Raphael Rutman
Raphael Rutman (Modern Hebrew: רפאל ראטמאן, born November 18, 1972) — is a Chabad Rabbi and a Shliach ("emissary") of the Lubavitcher Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson. Executive Chairman of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Ukraine.
Eugène Marquis
Eugène Marquis (11 September 1901 – 15 November 1994) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska, Quebec and became a crown attorney, judge and lawyer by career.

Marquis was educated at Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière and at the Quebec Seminary. From February 1931 to July 1936, he was Crown Attorney for the District of Quebec, and served in that capacity again from November 1939 to September 1944.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Kamouraska riding in the 1945 general election then re-elected in 1949. On 24 August 1949, he resigned from the House of Commons and accepted an appointment as a judge of the Superior Court of Quebec.

Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière
Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t an də la pɔkatjɛʁ]) is a former parish municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the Kamouraska Regional County Municipality.

In 2025, it merged with La Pocatière and Saint-Onésime-d'Ixworth.
Gulosaurus
Gulosaurus is an extinct genus of basal grippidian ichthyopterygian known from the Early Triassic Vega-Phroso Siltstone Member of the Sulphur Mountain Formation of east-central British Columbia, Canada. Gulosaurus was first named by Robin S. Cuthbertson, Anthony P. Russell and Jason S. Anderson in 2013 and the type species is Gulosaurus helmi. The name means 'Helm's wolverine lizard' and refers to the Wolverine Nordic and Mountain Society, who maintain the area around Wapiti Lake where it was found, and to Dr Charles Helm, who is a leading paleontologist around this same area.

Originally Gulosaurus was thought to be either Grippia longirostris or Parvinatator wapitiensis, but as the fossil was incomplete it was uncertain which. In 2013, the other half of the fossil, including its skull, was discovered and this proved it to be a new species entirely, closely related to Grippia and very similar.

Wapiti Lake Provincial Park
Wapiti Lake Provincial Park is a 16,837-hectare (41,610-acre) provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.  It is 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Tumbler Ridge, at the headwaters of Wapiti River, including its watershed from the Wapiti Pass to Wapiti Lake in the Canadian Rockies.  The area contains significant amounts of fossils (ichthyosaurs) and fossil beds. There is habitat for grizzly bears, mountain goats, and bull trout.  It was established as a Provincial Park on June 26, 2000. It is recognized by the provincial government as being an area traditionally used by First Nations people. Hunting and fishing are permitted in the park.
Ferda Güley
Hasan Ferda Güley (1916 – 17 November 2008) was a Turkish military officer, politician, and former government minister.

Hasan Ferda was born in Aybastı ilçe (district) of Ordu Province, Ottoman Empire in 1916 . He graduated from the Turkish Military Academy and the Faculty of Letters of Istanbul University.

After serving in the Turkish Military Academy as a teacher, he joined the Republican People's Party (CHP), and was elected into the 11th parliament as a deputy of Ordu Province. He kept his seat in the 12th, 13th, 14th and the 15th Parliament of Turkey as well as the Constituent Assembly of Turkey. In his last term in the parliament, he was appointed Minister of Transport during the 37th government of Turkey serving between 26 January 1974 and 17 November 1974.

Hasan Ferda Güley died in Istanbul on 17 November 2008. He was laid to rest in Cebeci Asri Cemetery in Ankara.

Güley was married and a father of four.

13th Parliament of Turkey
The 13th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 10 October 1965 to 12 October 1969. There were 456 MPs in the lower house.  The majority of the MPs were the members of Justice Party (AP). The main opposition Party was the Republican People's Party (CHP). Other parties were the Nation Party (MP), the New Turkey Party (YTP), the Workers Party (TİP), and the Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP).
Jon Hardister
Jonathan Yates Hardister (born October 29, 1982) is a former Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives. He represented the 59th district (including constituents in eastern Guilford County) from 2013 to 2024.

He resigned from the chamber in April 2024 in order to seek employment in the private sector. At the time of his resignation, he was serving as the deputy Majority Whip. Hardister's vacant seat was filled by Alan Branson.

Following his retirement from political office, Hardister partnered with Sebastian King to form the government affairs firm Elevation Strategies.

Hardister is a Greensboro, NC native and graduated from Grimsley High School and Greensboro College.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.