hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Temperament and Character Inventory
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al.
It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ),
and it has also been related to the  dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models and those of the five factor model.

TCI operates with seven dimensions of  personality traits: four so-called temperaments

Novelty seeking (NS)

Harm avoidance (HA)

Reward dependence (RD)

Persistence (PS)

and three so-called characters

Self-directedness (SD)

Cooperativeness (CO)

Self-transcendence (ST)

Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales.
The dimensions are determined from a 240-item questionnaire.

The TCI is based on a psychobiological model that attempts to explain the underlying causes of individual differences in personality traits.

Persistence (psychology)
Persistence is a key personality trait, describing an individual's propensity to remain motivated, resilient, and goal-driven in the face of challenges and difficulties they may encounter whilst carrying out tasks and working towards goals. Identified by psychiatrist C. Robert Cloninger in his Psychobiological Model of Personality, persistence more precisely refers to "perseverance in spite of fatigue or frustration". According to Cloninger,  this perseverance demonstrates a psychological determination that is foundational in aiding an individual's long-term success in achieving goals.
Twins Glacier
Twins Glacier is west of the Continental Divide in the northern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The glacier is located in the Bridger Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest, and is among the largest grouping of glaciers in the American Rocky Mountains. The glacier is situated in a northeast facing cirque, below the summit of Winifred Peak.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Bouzeguene
Bouzeguene (alternatively Wizgane) is a Kabyle town in Tizi Ouzou Province, Algeria, approximately 170 km from Algiers.

The village of Bouzeguene is located in the center of the commune of Bouzeguene and surrounded by around twenty other villages. The commune is at 60 km east of Tizi-Ouzou and borders the Béjaïa Province with the mountains of Ait Zikki with the Col de Chellata, and the Daira of Ighzer Amokrane. All the goods come from Akbou and Tazmalt.

Bouzeguene is known for its high number of emigrants in different parts of the world. This is especially true of France, as a majority of locals left to seek for a job under the French occupation.

Bouzeguene was also the cradle of the resistance against the French occupation and the birthplace of Colonel Mohand Oulhadj who fought the French Army from the 1950s until the independence of Algeria in 1962.

Kabyle people
The Kabyle people (/kəˈbaɪl/, Kabyle: Izwawen or Leqbayel or Iqbayliyen, pronounced [iqβæjlijən], Arabic: القبائل, romanized: al-qabā'il) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, 160 kilometres (100 mi) east of Algiers. They represent the largest Berber population of Algeria and the second largest in North Africa.

Many of the Kabyles have emigrated from Algeria, influenced by factors such as the Algerian Civil War, cultural repression by the central Algerian government, and overall industrial decline. Their diaspora has resulted in Kabyle people living in numerous countries. Large populations of Kabyle people settled in France and, to a lesser extent, Canada (mainly Québec) and United States.

The Kabyle people speak Kabyle, a Berber language. Since the Berber Spring of 1980, they have been at the forefront of the fight for the official recognition of Berber languages in Algeria.
Balanced histogram thresholding
In image processing, the balanced histogram thresholding method (BHT), is a very simple method used for automatic image thresholding. Like Otsu's Method and the Iterative Selection Thresholding Method, this is a histogram based thresholding method. This approach assumes that the image is divided in two main classes: The background and the foreground. The BHT method tries to find the optimum threshold level that divides the histogram in two classes.

This method weighs the histogram, checks which of the two sides is heavier, and removes weight from the heavier side until it becomes the lighter. It repeats the same operation until the edges of the weighing scale meet.

Given its simplicity, this method is a good choice as a first approach when presenting the subject of automatic image thresholding.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
James Manning Jr.
James Ivory Manning Jr. is an American politician and veteran. A member of the Democratic Party, he has served in the Oregon State Senate since 2016. He represents the 7th district, which covers parts of Lane County, including Junction City and northern Eugene. Manning unsuccessfully ran for Secretary of State in the 2024 election.

Junction City, Oregon
Junction City is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 6,747.

The Junction City area is notable for its Scandinavian heritage, with the city's Scandinavian Festival attracting over 100,000 visitors annually. Junction City was previously a center of recreational vehicle manufacturing.
Jerry Tondelua
Jerry Tondelua Mbuilua (born 27 February 1975) is a Congolese former footballer who played as a striker. He played club football for Sodigraf, Cercle Brugge, Oostende and Al Wahda and international football for the DR Congo national football team, representing his country at the 1998 African Cup of Nations.

1998 African Cup of Nations
The 1998 African Cup of Nations in Burkina Faso was the 21st edition of the Africa Cup of Nations (ACN), the national football championship of Africa, administered by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Just like in 1996, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fourth ACN championship, beating South Africa in the final 2–0.
Aaron Cornelius
Aaron Cornelius (born 29 May 1990) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL).

He was selected with the Brisbane Lions' fourth selection (pick 57 overall) in the 2008 National Draft.

Cornelius was given the number 44 jumper, previously worn by Brisbane Bears and Brisbane Lions champion Nigel Lappin.

Cornelius was delisted by Brisbane at the end of the 2013 season. He then returned to Tasmania where he was announced as the playing-coach of the Glenorchy Football Club in the Tasmanian State League for the 2014 season.

In 2014, during a game against Clarence at Bellerive Oval, Cornelius suffered an horrific injury during a marking contest where he dislocated his knee and severed blood vessels in his leg which led to fears he would lose the limb.

Cornelius coached the Glenorchy Magpies to a Grand Final win in 2016 after finishing runners up the previous two years.

Clarence Football Club
The Clarence Football Club, nicknamed the Kangaroos, is an Australian rules football club playing in the Southern Football League, based in Bellerive, Tasmania. Before 1947, they existed as Bellerive Football Club.

The Club play their home games at  Ninja Stadium  (formerly Bellerive Oval And Blundstone Arena), Hobart's Test Cricket ground, they share the facilities with Tasmania's cricket team, the Tasmanian Tigers.
Skånetrafiken
Skånetrafiken (lit. 'Scania Transport') is the regional organisation responsible for managing public transport in Skåne County, southern Sweden.

Skånetrafiken was founded in 1999 when the two Scanian counties of Kristianstads län and Malmöhus län were merged into one region, causing the two respective transport authorities for each previous county to be amalgamated. Presently, Skånetrafiken is a part of the regional government of Region Skåne.

The main office is located in Hässleholm with a second office in Lund. The managing director of Skånetrafiken is Magnus Hedin.

Regions of Sweden
In Sweden, a region (Swedish: [rɛɡɪˈuːn]) is a self-governing administrative division responsible primarily for healthcare and public transport. Sweden's regions correspond geographically to Sweden's 21 counties (Swedish: län) and were previously known as county councils (Swedish: landsting) until they were restructured and renamed in 2020. Regions (Swedish: regioner) are one of the principal administrative subdivisions of Sweden.
Herbert W. Harmon
Herbert William Harmon (December 15, 1871 – September 22, 1956) was an American physicist, radio pioneer, and college football coach. Harmon was a physics professor at Grove City College in Grove City, Pennsylvania. He also served three stints as the head football coach at Grove City, from 1906 to 1907, 1909 to 1913, and in 1915.

Harmon graduated from Hobart College, in Geneva, New York, in 1893 and Cornell University in 1895. At Cornell, he played on the varsity baseball team in 1894 and 1895. Harmon coached at St. John's Military Academy (now known as St. John's Northwestern Military Academy) in Delafield, Wisconsin before going to Southwestern Normal School (now known as Pennsylvania Western University, California), located in California, Pennsylvania, in 1898. He coached at California for eight years.

Harmon built the first functioning radio transmitter in Western Pennsylvania, on the Grove City College campus, in 1913. He died on September 22, 1956, in Grove City.

Grove City, Pennsylvania
Grove City is a borough in southeastern Mercer County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is approximately 60 miles (97 km) north of Pittsburgh and 75 miles (121 km) south of Erie. The population was 7,894 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hermitage micropolitan area.

Historically an industrial center, Grove City has manufactured locomotive engines, carriages, gas engines, foundry products, and motor trucks. It is the home of Grove City College, a private liberal arts college, as well as George Junior Republic. The nearby Grove City Premium Outlets take their name from Grove City.
2020 Australian Open – Boys' doubles
David Ionel and Leandro Riedi won the boys' doubles tennis title at the 2020 Australian Open, defeating Mikołaj Lorens and Kārlis Ozoliņš in the final, 6–7(8–10), 7–5, [10–4].

Jonáš Forejtek and Dalibor Svrčina were the defending champions, but Forejtek was no longer eligible to compete in junior events. Svrčina played alongside Jeffrey von der Schulenburg, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jérôme Kym and Dominic Stricker.

Kārlis Ozoliņš (tennis)
Kārlis Ozoliņš (born 15 June 2002) is a Latvian tennis player. Ozoliņš has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 677 achieved on 29 July 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 559 achieved on 1 December 2025.
Deporaus marginatus
Deporaus marginatus, commonly known as the mango leaf-cutting weevil, is a species of leaf weevil in the beetle family Attelabidae. It is a light tan colour with black elytra (wing cases), and is found in tropical Asia where it is a pest of mango (Mangifera indica).

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
Akiruno, Tokyo
Akiruno (あきる野市, Akiruno-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 80,177, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 73.47 square kilometres (28.37 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Bicyclus cooksoni
Bicyclus cooksoni is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae first described by Hamilton Herbert Druce in 1905. It is found in northern Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern and western Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of Brachystegia woodland and open montane grassland-forest mosaic.

Brachystegia
Brachystegia is a genus of tree of the subfamily Detarioideae that is native to tropical Africa.

Trees of the genus are commonly known as miombo, and are dominant in the miombo woodlands of central and southern tropical Africa. The Zambezian region is the centre of diversity for the genus.
2003 Kroger St. Jude International – Women's doubles
Ai Sugiyama and Elena Tatarkova were the defending champions, but did not compete this year.

Qualifiers Akiko Morigami and Saori Obata won the title by defeating Alina Jidkova and Bryanne Stewart 6–1, 6–1 in the final.

Bryanne Stewart
Bryanne Stewart (born 9 December 1979) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. She has been ranked World No. 16 in doubles and has won three doubles titles. In singles, she reached the third round of the Australian Open in 2000.

Her best result at a Grand Slam was reaching the semifinals of the women's doubles tournament at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships, partnering Samantha Stosur, before losing to Cara Black and Liezel Huber.
Krykhivtsi
Krykhivtsi (Ukrainian: Крихівці, Polish: Krechowce) is a big village at the southwestern edge of Ivano-Frankivsk, in Western Ukraine.
It belongs to Ivano-Frankivsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is located just west of Ivano-Frankivsk International Airport. South of it is located another village of Drohomyrchany, while to the west across the Bystrytsia Solotvynska Krykhivtsi borders a village of Pidlissya (Ivano-Frankivsk Raion).

Until 18 July 2020, Krykhivtsi belonged to Ivano-Frankivsk Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Ivano-Frankivsk Municipality was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.

Bystrytsia Solotvynska
The Bystrytsia Solotvynska (Ukrainian: Бистриця Солотвинська) is a river in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast of western Ukraine. It joins the Bystrytsia Nadvirnianska just north of Ivano-Frankivsk creating the Bystrytsia River. Its name is based on the town of Solotvyn through which the river passes.

It originates on the northern foothills of Small Syvulia mountain (Gorgany mountain massif). Its length is 82 km (51 mi) and basin is 795 km2 (307 sq mi).

The river has some tributary rivers: the Manyavka, the Sadzhavka, the Radchanka, and the Great Lukavets.
Flexagon
In geometry, flexagons are flat models, usually constructed by folding strips of paper, that can be flexed or folded in certain ways to reveal faces besides the two that were originally on the back and front.

Flexagons are usually square or rectangular (tetraflexagons) or hexagonal (hexaflexagons). A prefix can be added to the name to indicate the number of faces that the model can display, including the two faces (back and front) that are visible before flexing. For example, a hexaflexagon with a total of six faces is called a hexahexaflexagon.

In hexaflexagon theory (that is, concerning flexagons with six sides), flexagons are usually defined in terms of pats.

Two flexagons are equivalent if one can be transformed to the other by a series of pinches and rotations. Flexagon equivalence is an equivalence relation.

Vi Hart
Victoria "Vi" Hart (/ˈvaɪ hɑːrt, ˈviː hɑːrt/ VY hart, VEE hart; born 1988) is an American mathematician and former YouTuber. They describe themself as a "recreational mathemusician" and are well known for creating mathematical videos on YouTube and popularizing mathematics. Hart founded the virtual reality research group eleVR and has co-authored several research papers on computational geometry and the mathematics of paper folding.

Together with another YouTube mathematics popularizer, Matt Parker, Hart won the 2018 Communications Award of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics for "entertaining, thought-provoking mathematics and music videos on YouTube that explain mathematical concepts through doodles".
Bánh bao bánh vạc
Bánh bao bánh vạc (also called white rose dumplings) are a regional specialty of Vietnamese cuisine unique to Hội An. The rice paper is translucent and wrapped to resemble a flower shape (the origin of the name "white rose"). It is said to be made with water from a certain well in Hội An, hence this dumpling is not found anywhere else. The filling is prepared with a mix of shrimp, mushrooms, bean sprouts and spring onions. The dough is made by mixing rice flour with water and pounding the mixture in a mortar, and its preparation of the dough is rumored to be a family secret. The full meal bánh bao bánh vạc consists of seven bao style dumplings filled with shrimp paste, and three shell-shaped vac dumplings filled with shredded vegetables. The finished dish is topped with fried shallots and served with nước mắm chấm (sweetened fish sauce flavored with sugar, chillis, garlic and lime).

Fish sauce
Fish sauce is a liquid condiment made from fish or krill that have been coated in salt and fermented for up to two years.: 234  It is used as a staple seasoning in East Asian cuisine and Southeast Asian cuisine, particularly Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Some garum-related fish sauces have been used in the West since the Roman times.

Due to its ability to add a savory umami flavor to dishes, it has been embraced globally by chefs and home cooks. The umami flavor in fish sauce is due to its glutamate content.

Fish sauce is used as a seasoning during or after cooking, and as a base in dipping sauces. Soy sauce is regarded by some in the West as a vegetarian alternative to fish sauce though they are very different in flavor.: 234
James Brodie (botanist)
James Brodie of Brodie, 21st Thane and Chief of Clan Brodie, FRS FLS (31 August 1744 – 17 January 1824) was a Scottish politician and botanist. He was educated at Elgin Academy and St. Andrews University. He was returned to parliament in 1796 as MP for Elginshire, serving until 1807. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Nairn.

As a botanist, Brodie specialised in cryptogamic flora, i.e. plants which reproduce by spores, such as algae, ferns and mosses. He discovered a number of new species both around Edinburgh and on his own property at Brodie. His collection is now held at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He corresponded with other eminent botanists of his time, including Sir William Jackson Hooker and Sir James Edward Smith. Brodie was elected a Fellow of the Linnaean Society in 1795, and of the Royal Society in 1797. The genus Brodiaea is named in his honour.

He married Lady Margaret Duff, sister of James Duff, 2nd Earl Fife, and had two sons and two daughters.

Cryptogam
A cryptogam (scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant, in the broad sense of the word, or a plant-like organism that shares similar characteristics, such as being multicellular, photosynthetic, and primarily immobile, that reproduces via spores rather than through flowers or seeds.

This broader definition can include algae, fungi, and certain bacteria (like cyanobacteria), even though they may belong to different biological kingdoms.
Nicholas' Gift
Nicholas' Gift is a 1998 drama television film directed by Robert Markowitz and written by Christine Berardo. A co-production between Italy and the United States, it stars Jamie Lee Curtis and Alan Bates as an American couple who, after their son was mortally wounded during a family vacation in Italy, decide to donate the child's organs. The film received positive reviews and earned Curtis a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her performance.

Robert Markowitz
Robert Markowitz (born February 7, 1935, in Irvington, New Jersey) is an American film and television director. He directed episodes of Serpico (1976), Delvecchio (1976-1977), and Amazing Stories (1986), and a number of television films that include A Dangerous Life (1988), Too Young to Die? (1990), Decoration Day (1990), Because Mommy Works (1994), Twilight Zone: Rod Serling's Lost Classics (1994) The Tuskegee Airmen (1995), The Great Gatsby (2000), The Big Heist (2001), The Pilot's Wife (2002), and Word of Honor (2003).

His last directing credit was the TNT television film  Avenger (2006), starring Sam Elliott and Timothy Hutton.
Clairmarais
Clairmarais (French pronunciation: [klɛʁmaʁɛ]; West Flemish: Klaarmares) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. 2 miles (3 km) northeast of Saint-Omer. The Neufosse Canal, which connects the rivers Aa and Lys, passes by the commune.

Aa (France)
The Aa (French pronunciation: [a]; Picard: Abbe) is a river in northern France that is 93 km (58 miles) long. Originating near the village of Bourthes and emptying into the North Sea near Gravelines, the Aa is located near the north-eastern limit of the English Channel. The Aa has been canalized for most of its length and forms much of the border between the regions of Pas-de-Calais and Nord.