hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ricci soliton
In differential geometry, a complete Riemannian manifold  is called a Ricci soliton if, and only if, there exists a smooth vector field  such that

for some constant . Here  is the Ricci curvature tensor and  represents the Lie derivative. If there exists a function  such that  we call  a gradient Ricci soliton and the soliton equation becomes

Note that when  or  the above equations reduce to the Einstein equation. For this reason Ricci solitons are a generalization of Einstein manifolds.

Einstein manifold
In differential geometry and mathematical physics, an Einstein manifold is a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold whose Ricci tensor is proportional to the metric. They are named after Albert Einstein because this condition is equivalent to saying that the metric is a solution of the vacuum Einstein field equations (with cosmological constant), although both the dimension and the signature of the metric can be arbitrary, thus not being restricted to Lorentzian manifolds (including the four-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds usually studied in general relativity). Einstein manifolds in four Euclidean dimensions are studied as gravitational instantons.

If  is the underlying -dimensional manifold, and  is its metric tensor, the Einstein condition means that

for some constant , where  denotes the Ricci tensor of . Einstein manifolds with  are called Ricci-flat manifolds.
Time in Antarctica
Antarctica sits on every line of longitude because the South Pole is on the continent. Theoretically, Antarctica would be located in all time zones; however, areas south of the Antarctic Circle experience extreme day-night cycles near the times of the June and December solstices, making it difficult to determine which time zone would be most appropriate. For practical purposes time zones are usually based on territorial claims; however,  the time zone of their supply base is often utilised (e.g., McMurdo Station and Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station use New Zealand time due to their main supply base being Christchurch, New Zealand). In most areas south of 80 degrees latitude, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is assumed despite the limited presence of clocks.

Territorial claims in Antarctica
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica. These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their respective countries of operation, and countries without claims such as Belgium, China, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Russia, South Africa (SANAE), Spain, Ukraine, and the United States have constructed research facilities within the areas claimed by other countries. There are overlaps among the territories claimed by Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom.
4-Trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde
4-Trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde is the organofluorine compound with the formula CF3C6H4CHO.  Two other isomers are also known: 2-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde and 3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde.  These compounds are derivatives of benzaldehyde with trifluoromethyl substituents.  The CF3 group enhances the electrophilicity of the formyl group and provides a label for analysis by fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Organofluorine chemistry
A: fluoromethane

B: isoflurane

C: a CFC

D: an HFC

E: triflic acid

F: Teflon

G: PFOS

H: fluorouracil

I: fluoxetine

Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain a carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In fact, "about 40% of new pharmaceuticals ... and 25% of all those on the market...  contain fluorine".

In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine chemistry often requires special techniques associated with the handling of fluorinating agents.
Il faut laisser le temps au temps
"Il faut laisser le temps au temps" is a 1990 song recorded as a duet by the French singers Didier Barbelivien and Félix Gray. Written by Barbelivien, while the music was composed by Gray, this ballad was released in November 1990 and became the second single from their 1991 album Les Amours cassées. It hit number one on the single chart in France, and was also a success in the French-speaking part of Belgium.

Félix Gray
Félix Boutboul, best known by the pseudonym of Félix Gray (born 28 June 1958), is a French singer and songwriter.

He was born in Tunis. He has a daughter named Marie-Charlotte, born on 7 January 1991.
Peter Houghtaling Farm and Lime Kiln
Peter Houghtaling Farm and Lime Kiln is a national historic district located at West Coxsackie in Greene County, New York. The district contains eight contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing structures. The property includes a 1794 stone house, a well and smokehouse dated to about 1794, a 19th-century privy, three 19th-century barns, an early 20th-century equipment barn and chicken coop, and 19th-century burial ground.  The lime kiln is constructed of battered walls of mortared rubble limestone.  It was built between 1850 and 1880.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Greene County, New York
Greene County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,931. Its county seat is Catskill. The county's name is in honor of the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Photomedicine
Photomedicine is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine that involves the study and application of light with respect to health and disease. Photomedicine may be related to the practice of various fields of medicine including dermatology, surgery, interventional radiology, optical diagnostics, cardiology, circadian rhythm sleep disorders and oncology.

A branch of photomedicine is light therapy in which bright light strikes the retinae of the eyes, used to treat circadian rhythm disorders and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).  The light can be sunlight or from a light box emitting white or blue (blue/green) light.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), also known as circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders (CRSWD), are a family of sleep disorders that affect the timing of sleep. CRSDs cause a persistent pattern of sleep/wake disturbances that arise either by dysfunction in one's biological clock system, or by misalignment between one's endogenous oscillator and externally imposed cues. As a result of this misalignment, those affected by circadian rhythm sleep disorders can fall asleep at unconventional time points in the day, or experience excessive daytime sleepiness if they resist. These occurrences often lead to recurring instances of disrupted rest and wakefulness, where individuals affected by the disorder are unable to go to sleep and awaken at "normal" times for work, school, and other social obligations. Delayed sleep phase disorder, advanced sleep phase disorder, non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder and irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder represent the four main types of CRSD.
Eryholme–Richmond line
The Eryholme–Richmond branch line was opened in 1846 by the York and Newcastle Railway Company. The original section of the line ran from between a point in between Darlington and Northallerton on what is now the East Coast Main Line and the terminus at Richmond railway station.

Northallerton railway station
Northallerton railway station is on the East Coast Main Line (ECML) serving the market town of Northallerton in North Yorkshire, England. It is between Thirsk to the south and Darlington to the north. It is also a junction, with the line to Eaglescliffe and Middlesbrough diverging from the ECML. Its three-letter station code is NTR. The station is managed by TransPennine Express and also served by Grand Central and London North Eastern Railway trains. It is on one of the fastest parts of the ECML, and London North Eastern Railway, Lumo and CrossCountry express services pass through the station at speeds of up to 125 mph (200 km/h).
Ivaniškiai
Ivaniškiai (from the Slavic name Ivan) could refer to several Lithuanian villages:

Ivaniškiai, Josvainiai, in Josvainiai Eldership of Kėdainiai District Municipality

Ivaniškiai, Pelėdnagiai, in Pelėdnagiai Eldership of Kėdainiai District Municipality

Pelėdnagiai Eldership
Pelėdnagiai Eldership (Lithuanian: Pelėdnagių seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the south eastern part of Kėdainiai District Municipality.

Eldership was created from the Pelėdnagiai selsovet in 1993.
U.S. Route 27 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 27 (US 27) in Kentucky runs 201.120 miles (323.671 km) from the Tennessee border to the Ohio border at Cincinnati. It crosses into the state in the Lake Cumberland area, passing near or through many small towns, including Somerset, Stanford, and Nicholasville. The road then passes straight through the heart of Lexington, including past the University of Kentucky (UK) and Transylvania University. North of Lexington, it passes through Cynthiana and Falmouth before entering Campbell County and passing through many Northern Kentucky suburbs before ending at the Ohio state line on the Taylor–Southgate Bridge in Cincinnati.

Transylvania University
Transylvania University (often shortened as Transy) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It was founded in 1780 and is Kentucky's oldest university. It offers 46 major programs, as well as dual-degree engineering programs, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Its medical program has graduated 8,000 physicians since 1859.

Transylvania's name, meaning "across the woods" in Latin, stems from the institution's founding in the heavily forested region of western Virginia known as the Transylvania Colony, which existed between 1775 and 1776 in southern and western Kentucky.

It is the alma mater of two U.S. vice presidents, two U.S. Supreme Court justices, 50 U.S. senators, 101 U.S. representatives, 36 U.S. governors, and 34 U.S. ambassadors, making it a large producer of American statesmen.
Terrorform
"Terrorform" is the third episode of science fiction sit-com Red Dwarf Series V and the twenty seventh in the series run. It was first broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 5 March 1992. It was written by Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, and was directed by Juliet May. The episode's plot has the Red Dwarf crew rescuing Rimmer from a terraformed moon based on his own psyche.

Rob Grant
Robert Grant (25 September 1955 – 25 February 2026) was an English comedy writer, television producer and co-creator of the Red Dwarf comedy franchise. After Red Dwarf, Grant wrote two television series, The Strangerers and Dark Ages, and four solo novels, his last being Fat. During his career Grant was involved in two distinct writing partnerships: the first with Doug Naylor, and the second with Andrew Marshall.
Herman Salling
Herman Christian Salling (20 November 1919 – 8 May 2006) was a Danish merchant and director. He was a pioneer in the department store and retail business in Denmark.

Born in Aarhus, Herman Salling was the son of local merchant Ferdinand Salling (1880 - 1953) who founded the Salling department store in 1906 in Aarhus. Herman inherited and became director of the Salling department store in 1953. He evolved the business and also started føtex in 1960, the first real supermarket in Denmark. With Danish shipping businessman A.P. Møller, he founded Dansk Supermarked A/S in 1964. In 1970, as part of the Dansk Supermarket Group, Herman Salling launched Bilka, the very first hypermarket in Denmark. Bilka is located in Tilst, a western suburb of Aarhus.

Hypermarket
A hypermarket or superstore is a big-box store combining a supermarket and a department store. The result is an expansive retail facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including full grocery lines and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine shopping needs in one trip. The term hypermarket (French: hypermarché) was coined in 1968 by the French trade expert Jacques Pictet.

Hypermarkets, like other big-box stores, typically have business models focusing on high-volume, low-margin sales. Typically covering an area of 5,000 to 15,000 square metres (54,000 to 161,000 sq ft), they generally have more than 200,000 different brands of merchandise available at any one time. Because of their large footprints, many hypermarkets choose suburban or out-of-town locations that are easily accessible by automobile.
Filippo Crepaldi
Filippo Crepaldi (born 19 February 1992) is an Italian professional baseball pitcher for the Unipol Bologna of the Italian Baseball League.

Crepaldi played for the  Italy national baseball team at the 2010 World Junior Baseball Championship and for Team Europe at the 2015 edition of the Asia Winter Baseball League. He also pitched for his club team at the 2013 Asia Series. He was selected to represent Italy at the 2017 World Baseball Classic. He played for Team Italy in the 2019 European Baseball Championship. He is playing for the team at the Africa/Europe 2020 Olympic Qualification tournament, taking place in Italy from 18 September 2019.

2010 World Junior Baseball Championship
The 2010 World Junior Baseball Championship was an international baseball competition being held at the Port Arthur Stadium and Central Ball Park in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada from July 23 to August 1, 2010.
United Talmud Torahs of Montreal
United Talmud Torahs of Montreal (Hebrew: הַמְאוּחָדִים בְּמוֹנְטְרִיאָל בּ‬ָ‬תֵי תַלְמוּד תוֹרָה‬, French: Talmud Torahs Unis de Montréal) (also known as The Azrieli Schools, in French: Les écoles Azrieli) is a private co-educational Jewish day school system that includes an elementary school, United Talmud Torah, and a high school, Herzliah High School (Hebrew: בֵּית סֵפֶר הַתִיכוֹן הֶרְצְלִיָה‬). Both are located in the Snowdon neighbourhood of the Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough in Montreal, Quebec.

Herzliah and United Talmud Torah's campus in the Saint-Laurent borough (known as the Beutel campus) was closed down and consolidated with the Snowdon campus in 2011. Two additional elementary school campuses existed in the Côte Saint-Luc neighbourhood and Chomedey, but were closed down and merged with the other branches.

Jewish day school
A Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis. The term "day school" is used to differentiate schools attended during the day from part time weekend schools as well as secular or religious "boarding school" equivalents where the students live full-time as well as study. The substance of the "Jewish" component varies from school to school, community to community, and usually depends on the Jewish denominations of the schools' founders. While some schools may stress Judaism and Torah study others may focus more on Jewish history, Hebrew language, Yiddish language, Jewish culture, and Zionism. This is in addition to secular content that is the same as public school curricula.
Dinu Lipatti
Constantin "Dinu" Lipatti (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdinu liˈpati] ⓘ; 1 April [O.S. 19 March] 1917 – 2 December 1950) was a Romanian classical pianist and composer whose career was cut short by his death from effects related to Hodgkin's disease at age 33. He was elected posthumously to the Romanian Academy. He composed few works, all of which demonstrated a strong influence from Hungarian composer Béla Bartok.

A relentless perfectionist, Lipatti often prepared many years for major performances, such as four years for Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 and three for Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1. He left a small number of recordings, and they are well-regarded, particularly that of Alborada del gracioso from Ravel's Miroirs suite. In his short lifetime he was highly acclaimed by prominent musical figures of the 20th century, including Yehudi Menuhin, Alfred Cortot, Nadia Boulanger, and Francis Poulenc.

Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin (22 April 1916 – 12 March 1999), was an American-born British violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century.
Oleg Shein
Oleg Vasilyevich Shein (Russian: Оле́г Васи́льевич Ше́ин; born March 21, 1972 in Astrakhan, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian trade union, social and political activist. He was a left-wing deputy of the State Duma's III, IV, V, VI and VII convocations. He joined the Duma's VI convocation only in April 2016, having been a deputy of the Duma of Astrakhan Oblast between 2011 and 2016. He was vice-president of the Confederation of Labour of Russia  and co-chair of the Union of citizens. Shein is the author of several books on history.

4th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 4th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации IV созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 4th convocation met chiefly at the State Duma building in Moscow (however, several meetings took place at the Tauride Palace in St. Petersburg); it worked from December 7, 2003 to December 24, 2007.

The 4th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2003 parliamentary election. Of the twenty–four parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 5% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system and another party was held in the State Duma by winning a few electoral districts.
Amici roof prism
An Amici roof prism, named for its inventor, the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Amici, is a type of reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by 90° while simultaneously inverting the image. It is commonly used in the eyepieces of telescopes as an image erecting system. It is sometimes called an Amici prism or right angle roof prism. The non-dispersive Amici roof prism should not be confused with the dispersive Amici prism.

The device is shaped like a standard right-angled prism with an additional "roof" section (consisting of two faces meeting at a 90° angle) on the longest side. Total internal reflection from the roof section flips the image laterally. The handedness of the image is unchanged.

The roof faces of the prism are sometimes coated to provide mirror surfaces. This allows the prism to be constructed with other beam deviate angles besides 90° without being limited by total internal reflection.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
1946 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1946 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Thurles Sarsfields were the defending champions.

Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 4–05 to 0–03 defeat of Carrick Swans in the final. It was their 16th championship title overall and their third title in succession.

Carrick Swans GAA
Carrick Swan GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club, located in the town of Carrick-on-Suir in south County Tipperary in Ireland.

The Swan are predominantly a hurling club and lead the roll of honour for the number of South Tipperary senior hurling championships won. The club enjoys a keen rivalry with the longer established Carrick Davins, named in honour of Maurice Davin, first President of the GAA who lived at Deerpark near the town. They have one of the best setups for underage youngsters in the county with numerous county titles been won underage. The Swans' most famous players were the Wall brothers, Willie and Tom who played with distinction for Tipperary in the 1940s.
Agricultural Food and Allied Democratic Workers Union
The Agricultural Food and Allied Democratic Workers Union (AFADWU) is a trade union representing food processing workers in South Africa.

The union was founded in 2016 after the dismissal of an army of worker leaders, shop stewards and officials by the Food and Allied Workers Union (FAWU). FAWU also disaffiliated from the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).

AFADWU is an association of employees whose principal purpose is to regulate relations between employees and employers, including any employers' organisations. On the 17th of April 2018, AFADWU was legally registered with the Department of Employment and Labour in terms of the Labour Relations Act No 66 of 1995 as amended.

In 2018, AFADWU was accepted as an affiliate of COSATU.

Department of Employment and Labour
The Department of Employment and Labour is the department of the South African government responsible for matters related to employment, including industrial relations, job creation, unemployment insurance and occupational health and safety. Through a range of initiatives developed in collaboration with social partners, the Department of Employment and Labour makes a substantial contribution to the decline in inequality, poverty, and unemployment. These programs aim to reduce workplace poverty, promote positive labor relations, increase economic efficiency and productivity, eliminate workplace discrimination and inequality.

As of 3 July 2024 the Minister of Employment and Labour is Nomakhosazana Meth. In the 2011/12 budget the department had a budget of R1,981 million and a staff complement of 3,490 civil servants.
Ikeda, Osaka
Ikeda (池田市, Ikeda-shi) is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 103,064 in 49723 households and a population density of 4700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 22.14 square kilometres (8.55 sq mi). It is a suburban city of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.

Nissin Foods
Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd. (日清食品ホールディングス株式会社, Nisshin Shokuhin Hōrudingusu kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese food company. Founded in 1948 by Momofuku Ando in Izumiōtsu, Osaka, it owns Nissin Food Products, Nissin Chilled Foods, Nissin Frozen Foods, and Myojo Foods. It is known for development of the world's first marketed brand of instant noodles, Chicken Ramen, and produces other instant noodle products, including Cup Noodles, Yakisoba U.F.O., and Demae Ramen.