hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Thomas (rugby union)
Adam Thomas, born 22 August 1986 in Ynysybwl, Wales, is a rugby union player for Pontypridd RFC in the Principality Premiership.

Thomas was drafted to the Pontypridd squad from his local Ynysybwl RFC club after having impressed the coaching staff during the Silver Ball cup final of 2005.

During the summer of 2009, Thomas flew to New Zealand to play for Waikaka White Star RFC, impressing the provincial staff enough to be called into the training squad for the Air New Zealand Cup team, Southland Rugby.

Thomas's position of choice is as a centre.

Thomas represented Wales in the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens.

2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the sixth edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens. The tournament was held at Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. 
New Zealand  won the tournament, defeating England 33–0 in the final. Attendance for the tournament was poor, with matches played in mostly empty stadiums.

World Rugby, then known as the International Rugby Board (IRB), initially stated that the Rugby World Cup Sevens would be scrapped if rugby sevens were to be included in the Olympic programme for the 2016 Summer Olympics. As the International Olympic Committee voted for the sport's inclusion, this was thought likely to be the last edition of the tournament. However, the IRB clarified that in June 2013, the tournament would be retained and held quadrennially from 2018.
Kiki Smith
Kiki Smith (born January 18, 1954) is a German-born American artist whose work has addressed the themes of sex, birth and regeneration. Her figurative work of the late 1980s and early 1990s confronted subjects such as AIDS, feminism, and gender, while recent works have depicted the human condition in relationship to nature. Smith lives and works on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City, and in the Hudson Valley.

Anne Waldman
Anne Waldman (born April 2, 1945) is an American poet.
Since the 1960s, Waldman has been an active member of the Outrider experimental poetry community as a writer, performer, collaborator, professor, editor, scholar, and cultural/political activist. She has also been connected to the Beat Generation poets.
Pajoge
Pajoge dance is a traditional Bugis and Makassar dance originating from Bone, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The term Pajoge has three meanings at once. From the word joge which means a 'dance', the word pa and joge refers to 'dancers', as well as a 'performance'.

Based on the dancers, Pajoge dance is divided into two, namely Pajoge Makkunrai and Pajoge Angkong. Pajoge Makkunrai is performed by girls, while Pajoge Angkong is performed by transgender dancers. Between both, Pajoge Makkunrai is more developed and more staged to date. Pajoge Makkunrai developed around the Kingdom of Bone, Wajoq, Soppeng, and Barru.

Wajoq
Wajoq, also spelled Wajo, Wajo', or Wajok, was a Bugis elective principality in the eastern part of the South Sulawesi peninsula. It was founded in the 15th century, and reached its peak in the 18th century, when it briefly became the hegemon of South Sulawesi replacing Boné. Wajoq retained its independence until it was subdued in the early 20th century by the Dutch colonial government. It continued to exist in some form up to the mid-20th century, when the self-governing entity was transformed into Wajo Regency in the newly independent Republic of Indonesia.
2017 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro (born 1954) "who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world." The prize was announced by the Swedish Academy on 5 October 2017.

Ishiguro is the 12th British writer to become a Nobel laureate in Literature after 2007 laureate Doris Lessing. He was succeeded later by novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, who became a Nobel laureate in 2021.

Abdulrazak Gurnah
Abdulrazak Gurnah  FRSL (born 20 December 1948) is a Tanzanian  novelist and academic of Yemeni origin. He was born in the Sultanate of Zanzibar and moved to the United Kingdom in the 1960s as a refugee during the Zanzibar Revolution. His novels include Paradise (1994), which was shortlisted for both the Booker and the Whitbread Prize; By the Sea (2001), which was longlisted for the Booker and shortlisted for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize; and Desertion (2005), shortlisted for the Commonwealth Writers' Prize.

In 2021, Gurnah was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fates of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents". On 1 September 2024, Gurnah took up the appointment of the Arts Professor of Literature at New York University Abu Dhabi. He is also Emeritus Professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the University of Kent.
Dietmar W. Winkler
Dietmar Werner Winkler (born April 15, 1963, in Wolfsberg in Carinthia) is an Austrian scholar of patristics and ecclesiastical history. He is a professor and the founding director of the Center for the Study of the Christian East at the University of Salzburg.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Adolphus Williamson
Adolphus Frederick "Dolly" Williamson (1830 – 9 December 1889) was the first head of the Detective Branch of the Metropolitan Police and the first head of the Detective Branch's successor organisation, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). He joined the force in 1850 and eventually became Chief Constable.

Williamson was buried in Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey.

In the television films The Suspicions of Mr Whicher (2011) and The Suspicions of Mr Whicher II (2013) he was played by William Beck.

In the Steampunk book series The Guild Chronicles by J.M. Bannon,  Williamson is used as a character.  The prequel to the series is titled  "The Untold Tales of Dolly Williamson" and is a fictional story of the detective's involvement in solving a crime with a supernatural killer.

Criminal Investigation Department
The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes detectives belong in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations. A force's CID is distinct from its Special Branch (though officers of both are entitled to the rank prefix "Detective"). The name derives from the CID of the Metropolitan Police, formed on 8 April 1878 by C. E. Howard Vincent as a re-formation of its Detective Branch. British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.
Steven Coenegrachts
Steven Coenegrachts (born 14 July 1985) is a Belgian politician of Anders (formerly Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats) serving as a member of the Chamber of Representatives since 2024. He was a member of the Flemish Parliament and the Benelux Parliament from 2019 to 2024, and a member of the Senate from 2021 to 2024.

Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
The Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers; French: Chambre des représentants; German: Abgeordnetenkammer) is one of the two chambers in the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Senate. It is considered to be the "lower house" of the Federal Parliament.
Minyulite
Minyulite is a rare phosphate mineral with a chemical formula of KAl2(PO4)2F·4(H2O) (redefinition, IMA21-E).

It occurs as groups of radiating fine fibrous crystals within rock cracks of phosphatic ironstone. Minyulite belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system. This indicates that it has three axes of unequal length yet all are perpendicular to each other. Its cell constants are a=9.35, b=9.74 c=5.52.

As for its optical properties, Minyulite is an anisotropic mineral which means the velocity of light differs when traveling through it depending on the cut of its cross-section which gives it more than one refractive index.  The mineral is optically biaxial. Its birefringence value is 0.007. It has three refractive indices which are nα=1.531 nβ=1.534 nγ=1.538.  Refractive indices are a ratio of the speed of light in a median with respect to the speed of light passing through the mineral.

Anisotropy
Anisotropy (/ˌænaɪˈsɒtrəpi, ˌænɪ-/) is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement. For example, many materials exhibit very different physical or mechanical properties when measured along different axes, e.g. absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, and tensile strength.

An example of anisotropy is light coming through a polarizer. Another is wood, which is easier to split along its grain than across it because of the directional non-uniformity of the grain (the grain is the same in one direction, not all directions).
Bone ash
Bone ash is a white material produced by the calcination of bones. Typical bone ash consists of about 55.82% calcium oxide, 42.39% phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.79% water. The exact composition of these compounds varies depending upon the type of bones being used, but generally the formula for bone ash is Ca5(OH)(PO4)3. Bone ash usually has a density around 3.10 g/mL and a melting point of 1670 °C (3038 °F). Most bones retain their cellular structure through calcination.

Cupellation
Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are heated to very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals like gold and silver, from base metals like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, in the ore. Cupellation is based on the principle that precious metals typically oxidise or react chemically at much higher temperatures than base metals. At high temperatures the precious metals remain separate but the others react, forming slags or other compounds.

Since the Early Bronze Age, the process was used to obtain silver from smelted lead ores. By the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, cupellation was one of the most common processes for refining precious metals. By then, fire assays were used for assaying minerals: testing fresh metals such as lead and recycled metals to determine their purity for jewellery and coin making. Cupellation remains in use.
2025 Næstved municipal election
The 2025 Næstved Municipal election was held on November 18, 2025, to elect the 31 members to sit in the regional council for the Næstved Municipal council, in the period of 2026 to 2029. Kenneth Sørensen
from Venstre, would win the mayoral position.

Næstved
Næstved (Danish pronunciation: [ˈnestve̝ð]) is a town in the municipality of the same name, located in the southern part of the island of Zealand in Denmark.

Næstved has several adult education centers, five elementary schools - and has at least one of each type of the four upper-second-level education centers. The city has the largest high school in Denmark, Næstved Gymnasium & HF.
Knud Knudsen (photographer)
Knud Knudsen (3 January 1832 – 21 May 1915) was one of Norway's first professional photographers and a pioneer within Norwegian photography. His work includes images from most of Norway in his time and documents much of Norwegian history and ethnology in his photography career 1862–1900.

Knudsen was born in Odda, the son of a merchant who was also a pomologist. His professional career started as a retail clerk in Bergen, and in 1862 he traveled to Reutlingen to study pomology. He returned with an enthusiasm for photography the year after and opened his photography business in Bergen 1864.

Knud Knudsen left a collection of 13.500 wet and dry plate negatives, and about 20.000 of albumin silver prints. The negative and print collection are at The Picture Collection, University of Bergen Library.

Odda (town)
Oddaⓘ is a town in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality and the largest urban area in the whole Hardanger district. The town is located at the southern end of the Sørfjorden, in a narrow valley between towering mountains and the lake Sandvinvatnet to the south. The large Folgefonna glacier lies just west of Odda, high up in the mountains. The village of Odda was declared a "town" in 2004.

The 3.02-square-kilometre (750-acre) town has a population (2025) of 4,750 and a population density of 1,573 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,070/sq mi). The town also includes the Eitrheim area, just northwest of the town centre. Odda Church is located in the town centre. Norwegian National Road 13 is the main road going through the town.
Da'Sean Butler
Da'Sean Butler (born January 25, 1988) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is a player enhancement coach for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for West Virginia University. Butler was drafted 42nd overall by the Miami Heat in the 2010 NBA draft.

Austin Spurs
The Austin Spurs are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in the Greater Austin area, and are affiliated with the San Antonio Spurs. The team plays their home games at H-E-B Center at Cedar Park. The team has made the postseason in 8 out of 14 seasons in the NBA Development League.

On October 15, 2014, after the San Antonio Spurs purchased the franchise, the team colors and logo were changed to reflect the silver and black motif used by the Spurs.

The Spurs are coached by Jacob Chance. Their general manager is Josh Larson.
South Korea at the 2025 World Games
South Korea will compete at the 2025 World Games held in Chengdu, China from 7 to 17 August 2025. Athletes representing South Korea won five gold medals, two silver medals and seven bronze medals. The country finished in 17th place in the medal table.

2025 World Games
The 2025 World Games (2025年世界运动会), also known as Chengdu 2025, were an international multi-sport event held from 7–17 August in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, with preliminary competition in some events beginning on 6 August. They were the 12th World Games, a multi-sport event featuring disciplines of Olympic sports and other competitions that are not currently contested at the Olympic Games.

It marked the first time that the World Games were hosted in the People's Republic of China, and marked the return to a four-year cycle after the 2021 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama were delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
North Side, Binghamton
The North Side is a neighborhood in northern section of the New York State city of Binghamton. It is a mixed-use urban neighborhood with commercial and industrial businesses many times occupying sections of residential blocks.

The North Side can be defined as encompassing the area north of the Norfolk Southern tracks and Downtown Binghamton, east of the Chenango River and the First Ward, west of the East Side of Binghamton and a small portion of the town of Dickinson and south of the village of Port Dickinson of the town of Dickinson along Bromley Avenue.

The area's "main drag" is Chenango Street. It forms the neighborhood's "spine," running on a north-south axis, starting at the Broome County Courthouse in downtown and continuing north into the neighboring communities. The neighborhood is also served by the partially limited-access Brandywine Highway which carries (NY-7).

Brandywine Highway
The Brandywine Highway is a north–south expressway in the vicinity of the city of Binghamton, New York, in the United States. The highway is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation and extends for 3.95 miles (6.36 km) through Downtown Binghamton and the neighboring village of Port Dickinson. The southern terminus of the highway is at New York State Route 434 (NY 434) in Binghamton and its northern terminus is at Interstate 88 (I-88) in Fenton just north of the Port Dickinson village line.

The Brandywine Highway is designated as New York State Route 363 from NY 434 to Brandywine Avenue and part of NY 7 from Brandywine Avenue to I-88.  NY 363 is also known as North Shore Drive.
Bocheniec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Bocheniec [bɔˈxɛɲɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Małogoszcz, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Małogoszcz, 19 km (12 mi) north of Jędrzejów, and 24 km (15 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Małogoszcz
Małogoszcz [maˈwɔɡɔʂt͡ʂ] ⓘ is a town in the Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southern Poland. The Battle of Małogoszcz. one of the biggest battles of the 1863 January Uprising, took place there. Małogoszcz belongs to Lesser Poland; the name of the town comes from ancient Polish given name Małogost.
1993 State of Origin series
The 1993 State of Origin series was the 12th year that the annual best-of-three series of rugby league football matches between the Queensland and New South Wales representative teams was contested under 'state of origin' selection rules. Queensland's favourite son Wally Lewis returned as coach just two years after his retirement as a player.

Laurie Daley
Laurie William Daley AM (born 20 October 1969), also known by the nickname "Loz", is an Australian professional rugby league football coach and a former player who played as a centre and five-eighth in the late 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s.

He represented Australia on 26 occasions and has since been named as one of the nation's finest of the 20th century. Daley played for the Canberra Raiders during their most successful period in the 1990s.
The Halfblood Chronicles
The Halfblood Chronicles is a series of fantasy books originally written by Andre Norton and Mercedes Lackey. The series is set in a mystical world of elves, wizards and dragons. The series was originally released by Tor Books, and comprised three books: Elvenbane (1991), Elvenblood (1995), Elvenborn (2002). Elvenbred, the fourth book in the series, remained unfinished due to the death of Andre Norton.

In 2025 Arc Manor acquired the rights to republish the original three books and the fourth book "Elvenbred" which was completed by Mercedes Lackey and Ben Ohlander and is expected to be released in August 2026.

Andre Norton
Andre Alice Norton (born Alice Mary Norton, February 17, 1912 – March 17, 2005) was an American writer of science fiction and fantasy, who also wrote works of historical and contemporary fiction. She wrote primarily under the pen name Andre Norton, but also under Andrew North and Allen Weston. She was the first woman to be Gandalf Grand Master of Fantasy, to be SFWA Grand Master, and to be inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.
Intellectual Property High Court
35°38′30″N 139°42′11″E﻿ / ﻿35.641651°N 139.703047°E﻿ / 35.641651; 139.703047The Intellectual Property High Court (知的財産高等裁判所, Chiteki-zaisan kōtō-saiban-sho), sometimes abbreviated IPHC, is a special branch of Tokyo High Court in the judicial system of Japan. It is based in Nakameguro, a district in Meguro Ward in Tokyo, Japan.

The Intellectual Property (IP) High Court was established on 1 April 2005, in order to accelerate and reduce the costs of patent litigation in Japan. The IP High Court hears appeals from district courts in Japan on patent actions and suits against appeal/trial decisions made by the Japan Patent Office (JPO). The IP High Court is also the exclusive court of appeals on issues such as: the rights of authors of a computer program, utility model rights, and integrated circuit layout design protection.

Nakameguro
Nakameguro (中目黒; pronounced [nakameꜜɡɯɾo]), is a residential district of Meguro, Tokyo. It is popular for its boutiques and cafes , and the area near the Meguro River is a popular hanami (cherry blossom viewing) destination in mid-spring. It lends its name to Nakameguro Station, which serves the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line and Tokyu Tōyoko Line.

Nakameguro is sometimes abbreviated as Nakame (なかめ; pronounced [nakame]).
1991 Ukrainian sovereignty referendum
A sovereignty referendum was held in the Ukrainian SSR on 17 March 1991 as part of a USSR-wide referendum. Voters were asked two questions on reforming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics into the Union of Sovereign States. Most voters supported the proposal, although in the pro-independence oblasts of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil, voters opted for independence as part of an additional question.

The referendum followed the Declaration of State Sovereignty by the republic's parliament on 16 July 1990 as sovereign republic within the Soviet Union in line with the results.

In August 1991, with the August Coup preventing the New Union Treaty from being adopted by the Soviet Union, a withdrawal from the USSR was proposed leading to a declaration of independence being drafted. The overwhelming majority of voters would back the idea in a independence referendum in December.

Administrative divisions of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
During its existence from 1919 to 1991, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic consisted of many administrative divisions. Itself part of the highly centralized Soviet Union, sub-national divisions in the Ukrainian SSR were subordinate to higher executive authorities and derived their power from them. Throughout the Ukrainian SSR's history, other national subdivisions were established in the republic, including guberniyas and okrugs, before finally being reorganized into their present structure as oblasts. At the time of the Ukrainian SSR's independence from the Soviet Union, the country was composed of  25 oblasts (provinces) and two cities with special status, Kiev, the capital, and Sevastopol, respectively.
Yerofeyev
Yerofeyev (masculine) or Yerofyeva (feminine), also transliterated as Erofeev or Erofeyev, is a Russian surname. It means "(someone) related to Yerofey".

Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Yerofeyev, Russian name of Aleksandrs Jerofejevs, Latvian ice hockey player

Vasily Yerofeyev (1822–1884), Russian geologist

Mikhail Yerofeyev (1857–1941), Russian general

Oleg Yerofeyev (1940–2022), Russian admiral

Olga Erofeeva (born 1985), Russian triathlete

Tamara Erofeyeva (born 1937), Russian linguist

Venedikt Yerofeyev (1938–1990), Russian writer

Viktor Yerofeyev (born 1947), Russian writer

Vladimir Yerofeyev (diplomat) (1920–2011), Soviet diplomat

Vladimir Yakovlevich Yerofeyev (1909–1986), Soviet ambassador

Vladimir Yerofeyev (diplomat)
Vladimir Ivanovich Yerofeyev (Russian: Владимир Иванович Ерофеев, 9 October 1920 – 18 July 2011) was a Soviet diplomat, personal French language translator for Joseph Stalin (beginning in 1945) and the father of writer Viktor Yerofeyev.