hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Titus Otacilius Crassus
Titus Otacilius Crassus was a Roman statesman and general during the middle era of the Roman Republic. He was one of the two consuls of 261 BCE, serving with Lucius Valerius Flaccus. During his consulship, he and his consular colleague Flaccus fought against the Carthaginians on Sicily as part of the ongoing First Punic War. Before sailing to Sicily they strengthened the coastal defences of Italy against attacks by Hannibal Gisco, a Carthaginian admiral sent to raid the Tyrrhenian coast. The consuls besieged Mytistraton, but were eventually driven off by Hamilcar, the new commander of Carthage's Sicilian army, who defeated them at Thermae near Palermo. They returned to Italy were they started building Rome's first warfleet, created after Carthaginian example. In 260, the fleet was ready and would be used by Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Asina, one of the two consuls of that year.

Hannibal Gisco
Hannibal Gisco (Punic: 𐤇‬𐤍𐤁‬𐤏‬𐤋‬, ḤNBʿL; c. 295–258 BC) was a Carthaginian military commander in charge of both land armies and naval fleets during the First Punic War against Rome. His efforts proved ultimately unsuccessful and his eventual defeat in battle led to his downfall and execution.
Robert Lee Yates
Robert Lee Yates Jr. (born May 27, 1952), also known as the Spokane Serial Killer and the Grocery Bag Killer, is an American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, necrophile, and former U.S. Army aircraft pilot who murdered at least sixteen people, mostly female prostitutes, in eastern Washington between 1975 and 1998.

Yates was enlisted in the United States Army from 1977 to 1996, during which time he flew helicopters. He is believed to have begun killing in 1975 when a couple was shot to death in Walla Walla. Between 1988 and 1998, Yates committed eleven murders in Spokane County, two in Pierce County, and one in Skagit County. He was sentenced to death in 2002 but it was commuted to life without parole after the Washington Supreme Court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 2018. He is currently serving life in prison at the Washington State Penitentiary.

Capital punishment in Washington (state)
The U.S. state of Washington enforced capital punishment until the state's capital punishment statute was declared null and void and abolished in practice by a state Supreme Court ruling on October 11, 2018. The court ruled that it was unconstitutional as applied due to racial bias; however, it did not render the wider institution of capital punishment unconstitutional and rather required the statute to be amended to eliminate racial biases. From 1904 to 2010, 78 people were executed by the state; the last was Cal Coburn Brown on September 10, 2010. In April 2023, Governor Jay Inslee signed SB5087 which formally abolished capital punishment in Washington State and removed provisions for capital punishment from state law.
1993 LPGA Tour
The 1993 LPGA Tour was the 44th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from February 5 to November 7. The season consisted of 31 official money events. Brandie Burton won the most tournaments, three. Betsy King led the money list with earnings of $595,992.

There were nine first-time winners in 1993: Kristi Albers, Helen Alfredsson, Donna Andrews, Missie Berteotti, Helen Dobson, Trish Johnson, Hiromi Kobayashi, Kelly Robbins, and Cindy Schreyer.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.

Helen Alfredsson
Helen Christine Alfredsson (born 9 April 1965) is a Swedish professional golfer who played primarily on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and is also a life member of the Ladies European Tour. She won the LPGA major Nabisco Dinah Shore and twice finished second in the U.S. Women's Open. She also won the Women's British Open once and the Evian Masters three times before those events were designated as majors in women's golf by the LPGA Tour. In 2019, she won a "senior slam" by winning both of the senior women's major championships.
Abantis lucretia
Abantis lucretia, or Lucretia's paradise skipper, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species was first described by Hamilton Herbert Druce in 1909. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia and Uganda. The habitat consists of forests.

Adult males mud-puddle.

Hamilton Herbert Druce
Hamilton Herbert Charles James Druce (26 October 1866 – 21 June 1922) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lycaenidae and to a lesser extent Hesperiidae. He is not to be confused with his father, the English entomologist Herbert Druce (1846–1913) who also worked on Lepidoptera.

H. H. Druce was a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London and of the Entomological Society of London.

The H. H. Druce collection was sold to James John Joicey and is now in the Natural History Museum in London.
2017 in Glory
The year 2017 was the sixth year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing event. The year started with Glory 37: Los Angeles. The events were broadcast through television agreements with ESPN and other regional channels around the world.

Nieky Holzken
Nicolaas Hubertus Holzken (born December 16, 1983) is a Dutch retired kickboxer and professional boxer. He is the former Glory Welterweight Champion. In 2018, Holzken participated in the World Boxing Super Series as a substitute.
Enola Holmes (film series)
Enola Holmes is an American mystery film franchise created by Harry Bradbeer and Philip Barantini that has been produced by PCMA Productions and Legendary Pictures in association with Netflix since 2020. The films in the franchise include Enola Holmes, Enola Holmes 2 and Enola Holmes 3.

The first two films are directed by Harry Bradbeer and the third film is directed by Philip Barantini all films are screenplayed by Jack Thorne and Millie Bobby Brown, the main protagonist appeared in all films.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Boston Priory
Boston Priory was a priory  in Boston, Lincolnshire, England.

The origins of St Botolph's Church, Boston have their roots in the former priory church of the Benedictine monastery. The first church of St Botolph was granted to St Mary's Abbey, York, shortly after 1089 and a priory of monks was constituted. The foundations of this first church were discovered during restoration work on the north side of St Botolph's, 1851–3. There is no record of the priory after 1281, and the present church was not begun until 1309.

Botolph of Thorney
Botolph of Thorney (/ˈbɒtʊlf/; also called Botolph, Botulph or Botulf; later known as Saint Botolph; died c. 680) was an English abbot and saint. He is regarded as the patron saint of boundaries, and by extension, of trade and travel, as well as various aspects of farming. His feast day is celebrated either on 17 June (England) or 25 June (Scotland).
Voiced postalveolar affricate
A voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate, or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "j" sound in "jump".

This sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡ʒ⟩, ⟨d͜ʒ⟩, ⟨dʒ⟩, or in some broad transcriptions ⟨ɟ⟩. There is also a ligature ⟨ʤ⟩, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used. Alternatives used in the Americanist tradition are ⟨ǰ⟩, ⟨ǧ⟩, ⟨ǯ⟩ and ⟨dž⟩.

Egressive sound
In articulatory phonetics, egressive sounds are produced by an airstream mechanism that pushes air out through the mouth or nose. The three types of egressive sounds are pulmonic egressive (from the lungs), glottalic egressive (from the glottis), and lingual (velaric) egressive (from the tongue). The opposite of an egressive sound is an ingressive sound, in which the airstream flows inward through the mouth or nose.
Visa requirements for Tuvaluan citizens
Visa requirements for Tuvaluan citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Tuvalu. As of 15 April 2025, Tuvaluan citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 127 countries and territories, ranking the Tuvaluan passport 41st in terms of travel freedom (tied with passport of Nicaragua) according to the Henley Passport Index

Tuvalu signed a mutual visa waiver agreement with Schengen Area countries on 1 July 2016.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
ENOX2
ENOX2 is a gene located on the long arm of the X chromosome in humans. The gene encodes the protein Ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2, a member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidases.

Ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2 is a growth-related cell surface protein. It was identified because it reacts with the monoclonal antibody K1 in cells, such as the ovarian carcinoma line OVCAR-3, also expressing the CAKI surface glycoprotein. The encoded protein has two enzymatic activities: catalysis of hydroquinone or NADH oxidation, and protein disulfide interchange. The two activities alternate with a period length of about 24 minutes. The encoded protein also displays prion-like properties. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.

In 2023, it was the 274th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.
Avtonom
Avtonom (Russian: Автоно́м) is a Russian Christian male first name. Its feminine version is Avtonoma. The name is derived from the Greek word autonomous, meaning one living by one's own laws. "Avtonom" continued to be a form used by the Russian Orthodox Church, having replaced an earlier form Autonom (Аутоно́м).

Its colloquial variant is Avtomon (Автомо́н).

The diminutives of "Avtonom" are Avtonomka (Автоно́мка), Avtom (Авто́м), Avtoma (Авто́ма), Toma (То́ма), Avtya (А́втя), and Noma (Но́ма).

The patronymics derived from "Avtonom" are "Автоно́мович" (Avtonomovich; masculine) and its colloquial form "Автоно́мыч" (Avtonomych), and "Автоно́мовна" (Avtonomovna; feminine).

Last names derived from this first name include Avtonomov and Antomanov.

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.
Eremophila delisseri
Eremophila delisseri is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to an area of the Nullarbor Plain in South Australia. it is a shrub with lilac-coloured flowers and with most of its parts covered with white hairs.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Eftilagimod alpha
Eftilagimod alpha (INN; development code IMP321 or efti) is a large-molecule cancer drug being developed by the clinical-stage biotechnology company Immutep. Efti is a soluble version of the immune checkpoint molecule LAG-3. It is an APC Activator used to increase an immune response to tumors, and is administered by subcutaneous injection. Efti has three intended clinical settings:

as adjuvant to cancer vaccines (in a low, effective dose of ~250 μg)

as first-line 'chemo-immunotherapy,' that is, combined with standard chemotherapy (e.g. paclitaxel)

in combination immunotherapy with PD-1 treatments (e.g. pembrolizumab)

Eftilagimod alpha is in Phase II clinical testing. Currently, the main indications for the drug are metastatic breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel, sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It is administered by intravenous injection. There is also an albumin-bound formulation.

Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, numbness, allergic reactions, muscle pains, and diarrhea. Other side effects include heart problems, increased risk of infection, and lung inflammation. There are concerns that use during pregnancy may cause birth defects. Paclitaxel is in the taxane family of medications. It works by interference with the normal function of microtubules during cell division.

Paclitaxel was isolated in 1971 from the Pacific yew and approved for medical use in 1993. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It has been made from precursors, and through cell culture.
Castel de Cabra
Castel de Cabra is a municipality in Cuencas Mineras, province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 140 inhabitants. Its postal code is 44706.

The town is located on the northern side of Sierra de San Just. Road N-211 crosses Castel de Cabra.

Sierra de San Just
Sierra de San Just (Aragonese: Sierra de Sant Chust) is a mountain range in the Cuencas Mineras comarca of Aragon, Teruel Province, Spain. The highest point in the range is San Just (1,522 m). This range is located in one of the coldest and most rugged regions of Aragon.
Germany at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Germany competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Germany returned to the Olympic Games after not being invited to both the 1920 and 1924 Games due to its role in World War I. Despite a total absence of 16 years since 1912, German athletes were ranked 2nd. 295 competitors, 260 men and 35 women, took part in 95 events in 16 sports.

Hans Bernhardt
Hans Bernhardt (28 January 1906 – 29 November 1940) was a German cyclist. He won the bronze medal in the Men's tandem event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Bernhardt, member of the Wehrmacht, was killed during World War II in the Netherlands.
Ian Nimmo
Ian Nimmo (born 25 July 1985) is a Scottish rugby union player who plays as a lock forward. Nimmo moved to Perthshire, Scotland at the age of 14. He has been capped by Scotland at Under 19 and Under 20 levels and was included in the Scotland under 20 squad for the 2005 and 2009 Junior World Cups.

In July 2012 Nimmo joined Welsh regional team Newport Gwent Dragons. having previously played for Leicester Tigers and Cornish Pirates.

In September 2013 Nimmo joined London Irish on a short loan deal

On 7 November 2013, Ian Nimmo had signed to London Welsh in the RFU Championship.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Big Brother 17 (American season)
Big Brother 17 (also known as Big Brother: Takeover) is the seventeenth season of the American reality television series Big Brother. The season premiered on June 24, 2015 with a two-night premiere with the following episode airing on June 25, 2015, broadcast on CBS in the United States and Global in Canada. The season ended with a 90-minute season finale on September 23, 2015, following the fall season premiere of Survivor: Cambodia, after 98 days of competition. Julie Chen returned as host. On September 23, 2015, Steve Moses was crowned the winner defeating Liz Nolan in a 6–3 jury vote. James Huling was voted as the season's America's Favorite HouseGuest.

Global Television Network
The Global Television Network (more commonly called Global, or occasionally Global TV) is a Canadian English-language terrestrial television network. It is currently Canada's second most-watched private terrestrial television network after CTV, and has fifteen owned-and-operated stations throughout the country. Global is owned by Corus Entertainment — the media holdings of JR Shaw and other members of his family.

Global has its origins in a regional television station of the same name, serving Southern Ontario, which launched in 1974. The Ontario station was soon purchased by the now-defunct CanWest Global Communications, and that company gradually expanded its national reach in the subsequent decades through both acquisitions and new station launches, building up a quasi-network of independent stations, known as the CanWest Global System, until the stations were unified under the Ontario station's branding in 1997.
Ardo Ärmpalu
Ardo Ärmpalu (born 26 December 1980) is an Estonian basketball player.

He was born in Rapla. In 2004 he graduated from Marshall University in the United States.

He began his basketball career at the age of 11. He has played Kalev/Cramo club (1998 and 2006 Estonian champion). 2001–2005 he was a member of Estonia men's national basketball team.

BC Kalev
BC Kalev, also known as BC Kalev/Cramo for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Tallinn, Estonia. The team plays in the Korvpalli Meistriliiga (KML), the Estonian-Latvian Basketball League and the FIBA Europe Cup. Their home arena is the Kalev Sports Hall.

BC Kalev/Cramo have been the most successful Estonian basketball club in the last two decades, having won one Estonian-Latvian League championship, 15 Estonian League championships and 10 Estonian Cup titles.
Pyramid G1-b
G1-b is one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Giza East Field of the Giza Necropolis immediately to the eastern side of the Great Pyramid of Giza, built during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. It is the central of the three pyramids of the queens, located ten meters south of the Pyramid G1-a. It has a base of 50 meters and had an original height of 30 meters. Egyptologists Mark Lehner and Rainer Stadelmann attribute it to the queen Meritites I. Zahi Hawass, however, suggests it might be attributed to an unknown Queen of Khufu, who gave birth to Djedefre. It is one of the queen pyramids near the Great Pyramid of Giza along with the other two queen pyramids Pyramid G1-a and Pyramid G1-c, along with another smaller pyramid called Pyramid G1-d.

Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Dynasty IV lasted from c. 2613 to c. 2498 BC. It was a time of peace and prosperity as well as one during which trade with other countries is officially documented.

The Fourth Dynasty heralded the height of the pyramid-building age. The peaceful rule of the Third Dynasty allowed artistic expressions to flourish. Building experiments done by King Sneferu led to the evolution of mastaba tombs into the smooth-sided pyramids like those seen on the Giza Plateau. According to some historians, no other period in Egyptian history equaled the accomplishments achieved during the Fourth Dynasty.
2016 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary
The 2016 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary was held on Tuesday February 9. As per tradition, it was the first primary and second nominating contest overall to take place in the cycle.

Bernie Sanders delivered a stinging defeat to Hillary Clinton in New Hampshire, sweeping all demographic cohorts but dominating among voters without a college degree, younger voters and lower-income voters. Sanders claimed 15 delegates to Clinton's 9.

It occurred on the same day as the Republican primary.

Sam Sloan
Samuel Howard Sloan (born September 7, 1944), also known as Mohammad Ismail Sloan, is an American perennial candidate and former broker-dealer. In 1978, he won a case pro se before the United States Supreme Court, becoming the last non-lawyer to argue a case in front of the court before it prohibited the practice in 2013. He has unsuccessfully run or attempted to run for several political offices, including President of the United States.
Jim Hopper (Stranger Things)
James "Jim" Hopper Jr. is a fictional character from the Netflix science fiction horror television series Stranger Things, portrayed by David Harbour. He is a Vietnam veteran and the alcoholic chief of police in the small town of Hawkins, Indiana, who, throughout the first three seasons, investigates the strange occurrences in the town. Initially fairly reclusive and lonely due to the death of his daughter, Hopper gradually grows out of his shell, becoming the adoptive father of Eleven, and later starting a relationship with Joyce Byers.

Harbour's performance and the character itself have been well-received by critics. However, his character development in the third season was negatively received, due to being seen as regressive, hypermasculine, and misogynistic.

Hypermasculinity
Hypermasculinity is a psychological and sociological term for the exaggeration of male stereotypical behavior, such as an emphasis on physical strength, aggression, and human male sexuality. In the field of clinical psychology, this term has been used ever since the publication of research by Donald L. Mosher and Mark Sirkin in 1984. Mosher and Sirkin operationally define hypermasculinity or the "macho personality" as consisting of three variables:

Callous sexual attitudes toward women

The belief that violence is manly

The experience of danger as exciting

They developed the Hypermasculinity Inventory (HMI) designed to measure the three components. Research has found that hypermasculinity is associated with sexual and physical aggression towards women and perceived gay men. Prisoners have higher hypermasculinity scores than control groups.