hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lenore Fahrig
Lenore Fahrig is a Canadian ecologist. She is a Chancellor's Professor in the biology department at Carleton University, Canada and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Fahrig studies effects of landscape structure—the arrangement of forests, wetlands, roads, cities, and farmland—on wildlife populations and biodiversity, and is best known for her work on habitat fragmentation. 	
In 2023, she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Spatial configuration
In landscape ecology, spatial configuration describes the spatial pattern of patches in a landscape. Most traditional spatial configuration measurements take into account aspects of patches within the landscape, including patches' size, shape, density, connectivity and fractal dimension. Other measurements are pixel-based, such as contagion and lacunarity. Together with spatial composition, spatial configuration is a basic component of landscape heterogeneity indices.
P. M. Kunhiraman Nambiar
P. M. Kunhiraman Nambiar (30 July 1905 – 25 November 1998) was an Indian politician and freedom fighter. He represented Koilandi in the first and second Kerala legislative assembly. He was one among the prominent leaders in reorganizing the Congress Socialist Party which went to disarray after a faction of the Congress Socialist Party in Kerala evolved into the Communist Party in 1939.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Pembroke, Pembrokeshire
Pembroke (/ˈpɛmbrʊk/ PEM-bruuk; Welsh: Penfro [ˈpɛnvrɔ]) is a town and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with a population of 7,552. The names of both the town and the county (of which the county town is Haverfordwest) have a common origin; both are derived from the Cantref of Penfro: Pen, 'head' or 'end', and bro, 'region', 'country', 'land', which has been interpreted to mean either 'Land's End' or 'headland'.

Pembroke features a number of historic buildings, town walls, complexes and Pembroke Castle which was the birthplace of Henry Tudor, who became Henry VII of England.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Nikolay Smaga
Nikolay Yakovlevich Smaga (Russian: Николай Яковлевич Смага, Ukrainian: Микола Якович Смага; 22 August 1938 – 29 March 1981) was a Soviet athlete from Ukraine who competed mainly in the 20 kilometer walk. He trained at VSS Trud in Penza and later at VSS Avanhard in Kiev.

He competed for the USSR in the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City, Mexico in the 20 kilometer walk where he won the bronze medal. He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor (1968). He was born in Bobrove, Sumy Oblast and died in Kiev.

Order of the Badge of Honour
The Order of the Badge of Honour (Russian: орден «Знак Почёта», romanized: orden "Znak Pochyota") was a civilian award of the Soviet Union.

It was established on 25 November 1935, and was conferred on citizens of the USSR for outstanding achievements in sports, production, scientific research and social, cultural and other forms of social activity; for promotion of economic, scientific, technological, cultural and other ties between the USSR and other countries; and also for significant contribution to basic and applied research.

The order was awarded 1,574,368 times.

The "Order of the Badge of Honour" was replaced by the "Order of Honour" (Russian: Орден Почёта) by a Decree of the Presidium of the USSR on 28 December 1988. Following the USSR dissolution, it was replaced by the "Order of Honour" of Russia, established by Presidential Decree no. 442 of 2 March 1994.
Tullow Agricultural Show
The Tullow Agricultural Show, also known as the County Carlow Show, is a county show that takes place outside the town of Tullow in County Carlow, Ireland each year, typically in mid-August. It is one of a large number of agricultural shows that takes place annually across the country that celebrate rural communities and provide an understanding of Irish rural life.

The show was founded in 1946 to provide an opportunity for local farmers and businesses to promote their products, while also serving as a social occasion for the community. Today, it regularly attracts 15,000 visitors each year, and offers a wide programme of events including food and trade stands, equestrian competitions, live music and dancing.

The show has been held almost continuously since its founding, although it was cancelled during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2025, to mark its 75th edition, the Tánaiste (Ireland's Deputy Prime-Minister), Simon Harris TD, officially opened the show.

Tánaiste
The Tánaiste (/ˈtɔːnɪʃtə/ TAW-nish-tə, Irish: [ˈt̪ˠaːn̪ˠəʃtʲə] ⓘ) is the second-ranking member of the government of Ireland and the holder of its second-most senior office. It is the equivalent of the deputy prime minister in other parliamentary systems.

The Tánaiste is appointed by the president of Ireland on the advice of the Taoiseach. The current office holder is Simon Harris, TD, who was appointed on 23 January 2025.
Zakhysnykiv Ukrainy (Kharkiv Metro)
Zakhysnykiv Ukrainy (Ukrainian: Захисників України, pronunciationⓘ, lit. 'Defenders of Ukraine') is a station on the Kharkiv Metro's Oleksiivska Line. The station opened on 6 May 1995.

Prior to 17 May 2016, the station's name was Ploshcha Povstannia (Площа Повстання, lit. 'Rebellion Square'. It was renamed to conform with the law banning Communist names in Ukraine.

Line 3 (Kharkiv Metro)
The Oleksiivska line (Ukrainian: Олексіївська лінія; Russian: Алексеевская линия) is the third and newest line of the Kharkiv Metro that was opened in 1995. The Oleksiivska line is the second longest in the system at 9.9 kilometres (6.2 mi) and contains a total of nine stations, with Peremoha being the last one opened on 19 August 2016.

The line cuts the city of Kharkiv, the second largest city in Ukraine, on a northeast–southwest axis. The Oleksiivska line is third behind the Saltivska line with a daily ridership of 141,150 passengers. Work to expand the Oleksiivska line past its southern terminus, at Metrobudivnykiv, started in late 2015 and is expected to be completed in the early 2020s.
2017 Global MX-5 Cup
The 2017 Global MX-5 Cup was the twelfth season of the Mazda MX-5 Cup since the series inception in 2006. It was the second season since the series re-branding as the Global MX-5 Cup, as well as the first under INDYCAR sanctioning.

Mazda MX-5 Cup
The Whelen Mazda MX-5 Cup presented by Michelin is a single-make motor racing championship sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) in the United States. Mazda MX-5 Cup is the professional Spec Miata series of Mazda Motorsports, promoted by Andersen Promotions. The pro Spec Miata series has its roots in 2003, but a unified national championship was launched in 2006.
Cumulet
The Cumulet is a breed of fancy pigeon. It is a strong, high-flying breed, reportedly capable of remaining on the wing for up to 14 hours. It was used for short-distance racing in England in the first half of the 1800s. Cumulet, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).

Fancy pigeon
Fancy pigeon refers to any breed of domestic pigeon, which is a domesticated form of the wild rock dove (Columba livia). They are bred by pigeon fanciers for various traits relating to size, shape, color, and behavior, and often exhibited at pigeon shows, fairs and other livestock exhibits.

There are about 800 pigeon breeds; considering all regional varieties all over the world there may be 1100 breeds. The European list of fancy pigeons alone names about 500 breeds. No other domestic animal has branched out into such a variety of forms and colours.

Charles Darwin is known to have crossbred fancy pigeons, particularly the ice pigeon, to study variation within species, this work coming three years before his publication, On the Origin of Species.
Vern Goodin
Vernon William Edward Goodin (24 July 1892 – 12 October 1971) was an Australian politician.

Goodin was born in Kenthurst near Sydney and educated at Albion Street Superior public school and Sydney Boys High School, and became a teacher in state schools.  He married Margaret Elsie Morison in December 1917 and they had one daughter and one son.

Goodin was elected as a Labor Party member for the seat of Murray in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1925.  After being expelled from the party for opposition to Jack Lang he lost his seat in 1927 and returned to teaching.

Goodin married Leila Edith Rosenthall in 1939 and had one daughter and one son.  He died in the Sydney suburb of Carlingford.

Carlingford, New South Wales
Carlingford (/ˈkɑːrlɪŋfərd/) is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Carlingford is 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of City of Parramatta. Carlingford sits at the meeting point of Northern Sydney and Western Sydney sitting on both sides of Pennant Hills Road which generally acts as a divider of the two regions. While being part of City of Parramatta, it is sometimes referred to as being part of the Hills District.
USS Whitehall
USS Whitehall was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was assigned blockade duty; however, her condition was not always considered seaworthy, and she was plagued with condition problems.

Whitehall—a side-wheel gunboat and converted ferry built in 1850 at Brooklyn, New York City—was purchased by the Navy there on 10 October 1861 and was commissioned soon thereafter at the New York Navy Yard, Acting Master Francis P. Allen in command.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Flag of Penang
The flag of Penang consists of three vertical bands and an areca-nut palm on a grassy mount in the centre. All three bands are of equal width. From left to right, the colour of each band is light blue, white and yellow.

The colours of the flag are derived from the tinctures of the coat of arms of Penang granted by King George VI in September 1949. Light blue denotes the sea that surrounds Penang Island, white represents peace and yellow for the prosperity of the state.

The areca-nut palm, known as pokok pinang in Malay, symbolises the tree from which Penang got its name. The tree and its grassy mount is centred within the middle white band.

The flag was slightly modified to its present form in 1963 by removing a torse of blue and white at the bottom of the grassy mount.

Penang Island City Council
The Penang Island City Council (abbrev. MBPP) is the local government that administers the city of George Town, which includes the entirety of Penang Island. The city council, which has jurisdiction over an area of 306 km2 (118 mi2), falls under the purview of the Penang state government.

The Penang Island City Council is responsible for urban planning, heritage preservation, public health, sanitation, waste management, traffic management, environmental protection, building control, social and economic development, and general maintenance of urban infrastructure. In addition, the local government, in a joint effort with Rapid Penang, runs a free shuttle bus service within the heart of George Town.

The headquarters of the city government is located within the City Hall in George Town, which had served as the seat of its predecessor, the George Town City Council, until 1974. It also has offices within Komtar, the tallest skyscraper in the city.
Susanne Ås Sivborg
Susanne Birgitta Ås Sivborg was the Director of Lantmäteriet (Swedish National Land Survey) between 1 January 2018 and 6 December 2024. Before that, she was Director General of the Swedish Patent and Registration Office. She was candidate for the position of President of the European Patent Office, which was to be filled on 1 July 2010, but was not elected to the position.

Lantmäteriet
Lantmäteriet is a government agency in Sweden acting as the national mapping, cadastral and land registration authority. It provides information on Swedish geography and property. Its main seat is in Gävle.
Irfan Qadir
Irfan Qadir (Urdu, Punjabi: عرفان قادر; born 16 November 1956) is a Pakistani lawyer and jurist who is the incumbent Special Assistant to the Prime Minister for Law since 30 April 2024. Previously, he served as the Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Accountability and Interior from September 2022 to August 2023. He also served as the 29th Attorney-General for Pakistan from April 2012 to June 2013, and was a Justice of the Lahore High Court in 2009.

Irfan previously served as Secretary of Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs in 2012, twice as the Additional Advocate General of the Punjab from 1990 to 1995 and 1996 to 1997, and as Prosecutor General of the Punjab in 2010.

Ijazul Ahsan
Ijazul Ahsan (Urdu: اعجازالاحسن; born 5 August 1960) is a Pakistani jurist who served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 28 June 2016 to 11 January 2024. He resigned on 11 January 2024 following the resignation of Mazahar Ali Akbar Naqvi, without citing a reason.
1990 International Championships of Spain
The 1990 International Championships of Spain, also known as the Spanish Open, was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from 23 April until 29 April 1990. Second-seeded Arantxa Sánchez won the singles title and earned $27,000 first-prize money as well as 190 ranking points.

Real Club de Tenis Barcelona
The Real Club de Tenis Barcelona 1899 (Catalan: Reial Club de Tennis Barcelona 1899) is a tennis club and training center in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is considered one of the most prestigious tennis clubs in the country.

The facility houses 18 clay courts, including a stadium court with a capacity of 8,400 and a show court for 2,000 spectators.
Flamme (song)
Flamme is a famous song by French artist of Guadeloupean descent Slaï (real name Patrice Sylvestre). Song co-written by Slaï and Guy Bordey, it was recorded in late 1990s, it was originally a hit in the Caribbean region, and in Caribbean communities in France.

With the increasing popularity of tropical music in France, it passed to mainstream and French radio stations started playing the song, prompting Sony Music to release it in France in 2004. It became an immediate hit in the summer of 2004, reaching number 4 on SNEP Official French Singles Chart. It was also included once again in the Slaï album Florilège, an album that made it to number 14 on the French Albums Chart. "Flamme" by considered as one of the definitive songs of the tropical sound that became popular in France.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
VH1 Big in '06 Awards
VH1's Big in '06 was an award show that aired on VH1 on December 3, 2006 on VH1 in the United States. It was the annual VH1 Big Awards. The show was hosted by comedian D. L. Hughley, and featured many guests, including Paris Hilton, Hulk Hogan, Janelle Pierzina, Will Kirby, Danny Bonaduce, Justin Timberlake, Fergie, The Killers, the Fray, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Flavor Flav, Tiffany "New York" Pollard, Britney "Tiger" Morano, Abigail "Red Oyster" Kintanar, Jesselynn "Wire" Desmond, Jenna Jameson, Hayden Panettiere, Tommy Lee, Katharine McPhee, George Takei, Miley Cyrus, Masi Oka, Eva Longoria, David Hasselhoff, Mario Lopez, Joey Lawrence, will.i.am, Perez Hilton, lonelygirl15, Kiefer Sutherland, Xzibit and Dominic Monaghan, and many other celebrities associated with today's pop culture, most being reality tv stars. The show was broadcast across the United States.

Dominic Monaghan
Dominic Bernard Patrick Luke Monaghan (born 8 December 1976) is a British actor. He is best known for playing Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck in Peter Jackson's film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001–2003), and Charlie Pace on the ABC television drama Lost (2004–2010).

Monaghan first gained fame as Hetty Wainthropp's sidekick Geoffrey in Hetty Wainthropp Investigates (1996–1998). His first film role was as Sasha in the television film Hostile Waters (1997) based on the true story of a Soviet and a US submarine colliding in the Cold War. His other film roles include playing the young mutant Chris Bradley formerly known as Maverick in the superhero film X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009) and playing Beaumont Kin in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019), reuniting with J.J. Abrams, the co-creator of Lost. He has also hosted the nature programme Wild Things with Dominic Monaghan (2012–2016).
Danny and the Deep Blue Sea
Danny and the Deep Blue Sea is a play by John Patrick Shanley.

The production, a one act play, revolves around two troubled characters, Danny and Roberta, who meet and strike up a conversation in a bar. John Turturro and June Stein originated the roles in 1983. Since its original production premiered Off-Broadway at the Circle in the Square Theatre it was revived in 2004 and was staged again in 2023, directed by Jeff Ward.

John Patrick Shanley
John Patrick Shanley (born October 13, 1950)  is an American playwright, theater director, and filmmaker. He won the 1987 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film Moonstruck. His play, Doubt: A Parable, won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the 2005 Tony Award for Best Play; he wrote and directed the film adaptation, earning a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
Diplomatic timeline for 1815
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Joaquim Lobo Silveira, 7th Count of Oriola

António de Saldanha da Gama, Count of Porto Santo

Count Carl Löwenhielm

Jean-Louis-Paul-François, 5th Duke of Noailles

Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich

André Dupin

Count Karl Robert Nesselrode

Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Count of Palmela

Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh

Emmerich Joseph, Duke of Dalberg

Baron Johann von Wessenberg

Prince Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky

Charles Stewart, 1st Baron Stewart

Pedro Gómez Labrador, Marquis of Labrador

Richard Le Poer Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty

Wacken (Recorder)

Friedrich von Gentz (Congress Secretary)

Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt

William Cathcart, 1st Earl Cathcart

Prince Karl August von Hardenberg

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

Count Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg

Diplomatic timeline for 1815

Dalberg
The House of Dalberg is the name of an ancient and distinguished German noble family, derived from the hamlet and castle (now in ruins) of Dalberg or Dalburg, near Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate. They were the ruling family of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
World Financial Group Classic
The World Financial Group Classic was an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that took place at the Calgary Curling Club in Calgary, Alberta. The tournament was held in a triple-knockout format in its first year, but was held in a round robin format in 2011. The tournament was part of the World Curling Tour.

Bonspiel
A bonspiel is a curling tournament, consisting of several games, often held on a weekend. Until the 20th century most bonspiels were held outdoors, on a frozen freshwater loch. Today almost all bonspiels are held indoors on specially prepared artificial ice.
David Hughson
David Hughson (c. 1760s – 1820s), which may have been a pen name of Edward Pugh, was a writer on the topography and history of London. He produced a description of the city based on "an actual perambulation" (walk) that was published in six volumes between 1805 and 1809 and contains 150 copper plate engravings principally based on illustrations by Robert Blemmell Schnebbelie and Edward Gyfford. He also produced works on topical matters such as the East India Company, religious subjects, and works of household management targeted at people of the "middling and genteel ranks of life".

The Housekeeper's Instructor
The Housekeeper's Instructor was a bestselling English cookery book written by William Augustus Henderson, 1791. It ran through seventeen editions by 1823. Later editions were revised by Jacob Christopher Schnebbelie.

The full title was "The housekeeper's instructor; or, universal family cook. Being a full and clear display of the art of cookery in all its various branches." Later editions had longer subtitles.
The Big World of Little Adam
The Big World of Little Adam was a series of television cartoons that debuted in syndication in 1964.

In the early 1960s, producer Fred Ladd acquired a large number of NASA documentary short subjects and packaged them as 110 five-minute episodes. Inexpensive animated wraparounds, featuring the inquisitive Little Adam and his older brother Wilbur, were added to open and close the segments.

The episodes were made available in syndication either as half-hour blocks or individually, often appearing interspersed within blocks of cartoons on local TV stations. The early 60s shorts became outdated after the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969, and the show fell out of syndication by the early 1970s.

Little Adam's voice was performed by John Megna; Wilbur was played by Craig Sechler.

Fred Ladd
Fred Laderman (February 19, 1927 – August 3, 2021), known professionally as Fred Ladd, was an American television and film writer and producer. He is notable as the first to introduce anime to the Americas.