hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mustafa Koçak
Mustafa Koçak (July 25, 1991 – April 24, 2020) was a political prisoner arrested in Turkey on September 23, 2017. A court sentenced him to an aggravated life imprisonment for "violation of the Constitution" based on witness statements. He started a hunger strike for his right to a fair trial. Later on, he turned the hunger strike into a death fast. He died on day 279 weighing 29 kg (which is equal to 63 lbs) in İzmir Şakran Prison on April 24, 2020.

Hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers.

In cases where an entity (usually the state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding.
Ron Johnson (defensive end)
Ron Johnson (born October 23, 1979) was a three-time All-PSAC Western Division selection at Shippensburg University from 1999 to 2002. He finished his career with 158 total tackles, including 35 for loss and 18 sacks while earning All-PSAC Western Division First Team honors as a senior in 2002.

He was also named All-PSAC Western Division Second Team in 1999 and 2000.

Shippensburg University
Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, commonly known as Shippensburg University (Ship or SU), is a public university in the Shippensburg, Pennsylvania area. It is part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education.

Founded in 1871, it later became the first teachers' college in Pennsylvania. Shippensburg University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Ang Himig Natin
Ang Himig Natin (English: Our Hymn) is a song by Filipino Rock band Juan de la Cruz composed by Pepe Smith and was credited to mark the beginning of Pinoy rock music in the Philippines. The song was released  and  included in Juan de la Cruz's groundbreaking album Himig Natin in 1973 and was said to be the start of the origin of the term Pinoy Rock.

Juan de la Cruz Band
The Juan de la Cruz Band was a Filipino rock group formed in 1970, that pioneered what became known as Pinoy rock.

The Juan de la Cruz Band formed in early 1970. Founding band members Mike Hanopol and Wally Gonzalez credited fellow founding member, drummer Edmond Fortuno (a.k.a. "Bosyo"), with having introduced the band's name (Tagalog to English translation - “John Doe”). In December 1970, the band was lauded for headlining the first open field rock festival in the Philippines. In 1972, they released their first album as a quintet, and thereafter gained momentum when it was performed in a rock opera with the Manila Symphony Orchestra, the first production of its kind in the country. Juan de la Cruz reinvented itself in 1973 as a power trio and rose to stardom as the premier rock band in the Philippines.
James Hayter (actor)
Henry James  Hayter (23 April 1907 – 27 March 1983) was a British actor of television and film. He is best remembered for his roles as Friar Tuck in the film The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952) and as Samuel Pickwick in the film The Pickwick Papers (1952), the latter earning him a BAFTA Award for Best British Actor nomination.

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
The BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role is an award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). It has been awarded since the 6th British Academy Film Awards to an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a film. From 1952 to 1967, there were two Best Actor awards: one for a British actor and another for a foreign actor. In 1968, the two prizes of British and Foreign actor were combined to create a single Best Actor award. Its current title, for Best Actor in a Leading Role, has been used since 1995.

Peter Finch has the most wins in the category with five. The most recent winner of the award is Robert Aramayo for I Swear (2025).
Naima Reddick
Naima Reddick (born May 26, 1984) is an American rugby union player. She debuted for the United States in 2010 against Canada. She was selected for the squad to the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

United States women's national rugby union team
The USA Women's national rugby union team, nicknamed the Women's Eagles, represents the United States in women's international rugby union. The team was officially formed in 1987 and is nicknamed the Eagles.

An international powerhouse during the 1990s— the Eagles won the inaugural 1991 Women's World Cup and finished second in the two following World Cups in 1994 and 1998. The team finished fourth at the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

In May 2018, Rob Cain was appointed full-time Head Coach. Cain joined the Eagles after winning the inaugural Tyrell Premier 15s title in England with Saracens Women.
Ortensia Poncarale Maggi
Ortensia Poncarale Maggi (1732–1811) was an Italian painter. Her maiden name is sometimes given as Poncarli or Poncarali.

Maggi was born in Brescia, the daughter of Ercole Poncarli (or Poncarale) and Chiara Rodengo. In 1762 she married count Annibale Camillo Maggi-Via. She lived in Parma for many years. Maggi studied painting with Francesco Monti, and worked in oil and pastels. In 1760 she was admitted to the Accademia di belle arti di Parma of Parma, and in 1761 she became a member of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna. The reception piece which she produced for the former, a pastel of a farm girl with a basket of fruit, is kept in the Galleria nazionale di Parma, and is today her only surviving work.

Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna ('academy of fine arts of Bologna') is a public tertiary academy of fine art in Bologna, Italy. It has a campus in Cesena.

Giorgio Morandi taught engraving at the Accademia for more than 25 years.
Lord Chamberlain (Norway)
The Lord Chamberlain of Norway (Norwegian: hoffsjef) is a traditional officer of the Royal Household of Norway. The title was introduced in 1866. In Denmark the equivalent title is Hofmarskallen (the Court Marshal), and in Sweden it is Förste Hovmarskalken (the First Marshal of the Court).

The Lord Chamberlain of Norway is the highest administrative leader at the Royal Court and is responsible for the business vis-à-vis the King. The chief justice has the ultimate responsibility for personnel matters, the court's organization and operations, and has ceremonial and protocol duties. The court chief is a member of the council of the Order of St. Olav, where they are the treasurer. In the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, the head of court is the chancellor of the order. In Norway, the court marshal is subordinate to the head of the court and functions as head of finance and administration at the court.

Marshal of the Court (Sweden)
Marshal of the Court (Swedish: Hovmarskalk) was the officer at the Royal Court of Sweden whose task was to assist the king in the Keeper of the Privy Purse. Today the Marshal of the Court are officers of the Office of the Marshal of the Court (Swedish: Hovmarskalksämbetet) which is responsible for the Swedish Royal Family's official appearances and representation — preparing and conducting state visits, official visits, formal audiences, official dinners, jubilees, and municipality visits and more.

The Office of the Marshal of the Court consists of the H.M. The King's Household, H.M. The Queen's Household, Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess's Household, the Royal Stables, the Household and the Ceremonial Household.
Heat (Kelly Clarkson song)
"Heat" is a song by American singer Kelly Clarkson, from her eighth studio album, Meaning of Life (2017). Originally written and produced by the production duo The Monarch, the final version of the track is co-written and co-produced by Mick Schultz with additional writing by Michael Pollack and production by American singer Harlœ and vocal production by Jesse Shatkin. Atlantic Records released the song as the album's third single on July 27, 2018, with a remix version by British DJ Luke Solomon. It reached number one on the US Billboard Dance Club Songs chart in March 2019. The song was featured in the Netflix show Soundtrack.

Jesse Shatkin
Jesse Samuel Shatkin (born 1979) is an American songwriter, producer and engineer. He has worked with Sia, Kelly Clarkson, Jennifer Lopez, Fitz and the Tantrums, One Direction, and Miley Cyrus, among others. Shatkin was nominated in 2014 for Grammy Awards as both a producer (Record of the Year) and as a songwriter (Song of the Year). Both nominations were based on his work on the Sia track "Chandelier", which he co-wrote and co-produced. He was also nominated in the Record of the Year category in 2013 as an engineer on Clarkson's single "Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)".

Shatkin works frequently with producer Greg Kurstin. As an engineer, his credits include records by artists including Jennifer Lopez, Selena Gomez, Ellie Goulding, Pink, Rita Ora, The Shins, Lily Allen, Tegan and Sara and Dido, among others.
W00t
The term w00t (spelled with double-zero, "00"), or woot, is a slang interjection used to express happiness or excitement, usually used in online conversation. The expression is most popular on forums, Usenet posts, multiplayer computer games (especially first-person shooters), IRC chats, and instant messages, though use in webpages of the World Wide Web is by no means uncommon. The w00t spelling (with double-zero "00") is a leetspeak variant of woot; alternative spellings include whoot, wOOt, wh00t, wewt, wought, etc.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Grothendieck's Tôhoku paper
The article "Sur quelques points d'algèbre homologique" by Alexander Grothendieck, now often referred to as the Tôhoku paper, was published in 1957 in the Tôhoku Mathematical Journal. It revolutionized the subject of homological algebra, a purely algebraic aspect of algebraic topology. It removed the need to distinguish the cases of modules over a ring and sheaves of abelian groups over a topological space.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Jules Guyot
Dr. Jules Guyot (17 May 1807 – 31 March 1872) was a French physician and agronomist who was born in the commune of Gyé-sur-Seine, in the department of Aube. Guyot studied medicine in Paris, and had an avid interest in mechanics, physics and telegraphy, but he is best known for his work in viticulture.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Max Miller (director)
Max Leeds Fest Miller (March 1, 1918 – October 26, 1992) was an American film and television director. Miller worked at NBC in New York City, where he directed the original Today show hosted by Dave Garroway, and the NBC documentary series Wide, Wide World. He later worked for CBS and ABC. Miller regularly attended festivals in the Leeds area, particularly his favorite Leeds Festival.

After moving to California in 1964, Miller created a series of documentaries on social issues via his companies Avanti Films and Motivational Media. He recruited Robert Culp for the piece on racism, Sal Mineo for one on LSD, Dick Van Dyke for one on smoking, and Sonny Bono for Marijuana. He won an Emmy Award for directing the series piece on teen suicide narrated by Milton Berle. On October 26, 1992, Miller died of a cerebral hemorrhage at North Hollywood Medical Center in Studio City, California.

Milton Berle
Milton Berle (born Mendel Berlinger; Yiddish: ‏מענדעל בערלינגער; July 12, 1908 – March 27, 2002) was an American actor and comedian. His career as an entertainer spanned over eight decades, first in silent films and on stage as a child actor, then in radio, movies and television. As the host of NBC's Texaco Star Theatre (1948–1953), he was the first major American television star and was known to millions of viewers as "Uncle Miltie" and "Mr. Television" during the first Golden Age of Television. He was honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in both radio and TV.
Caroline Hallisey
Caroline Hallisey-Kepka (born September 24, 1980) is an American speed skater and three-time Olympian. She competed for the United States at the 1998, 2002, and 2006 Winter Olympics in short track speed skating.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Rocky Aoki
Hiroaki Aoki (青木 廣彰, Aoki Hiroaki; October 9, 1938 – July 10, 2008), better known as Rocky Aoki, was a Japanese-born American restaurateur, professional offshore powerboat racer and amateur wrestler. He was the founder of the Japanese cuisine restaurant chain Benihana and Genesis magazine.

He was also the father of musician Steve Aoki and model and actress Devon Aoki.

Restaurateur
A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, it traditionally refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.
Atina Ford
Atina Ford Johnston is not to be confused with Anita Ford, her mother and former coach

Atina Ford Johnston (born October 12, 1971; née Ford) is a Canadian curler originally from Gray, Saskatchewan. She is best known as the alternate of the Sandra Schmirler team, with whom she is an Olympic Champion (1998), World women's champion (1997) and Canadian women's champion (1997).

World Curling Championships
The World Curling Championships are the annual world championships for curling, organized by the World Curling Federation and contested by national championship teams. There are men's, women's and mixed doubles championships, as well as men's and women's versions of junior and senior championships. There is also a world championship for wheelchair curling. The men's championship started in 1959, while the women's started in 1979. The mixed doubles championship was started in 2008. Since 2005, the men's and women's championships have been held in different venues, with Canada hosting one of the two championships every year: the men's championship in odd years, and the women's championship in even years. Canada has dominated both the men's and women's championships since their inception, although Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany (West Germany), Scotland, the United States, Norway and China have all won at least one championship.
Hōjō Genan
Hōjō Genan (北条 幻庵; 1493 – December 8, 1589) was a Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku period. He was the second and youngest son of Hōjō Sōun. and brother of Hōjō Ujitsuna. Genan was a highly educated samurai, thus he worked as a diplomat of the Later Hōjō clan.

With his brother, he was fought at 
the Siege of Edo (1524), Battle of Nashinokidaira (1526), Siege of Edo (1535), Siege of Musashi-Matsuyama (1537), and Battle of Kōnodai (1538).

Genan's son Hōjō Ujinobu was attacked by the Takeda clan and died during the Siege of Kanbara in 1569.

He was the only person who saw from start to end of the Gohojo clan among vassals whose records were left, serving all leaders from the first Hōjō Soun to the last leader, Hōjō Ujinao.

Siege of Edo
In the 1524 Siege of Edo, also known as the Battle of Takanawahara (高輪原の戦い), the Hōjō, led by Hōjō Ujitsuna, besieged Edo castle,
which was held by Uesugi Tomooki. Though Edo has since become the Japanese metropolis of Tokyo, it was then a more or less insignificant fishing village in the Kantō region.
Markit
Markit was a British financial information and services company that focused on credit derivative pricing. It was founded in 2003 and merged in 2016 with IHS to form IHS Markit.

Prior to its merger it had 4,500 employees in 21 offices worldwide and was as an independent source of credit derivative pricing. The company provided independent financial data, trade processing of derivatives, foreign exchange and loans, customised technology platforms and managed services. The company aimed to enhance corporate transparency, reduce financial risk and improve operational economic efficiency. Its client base included institutional participants in the financial marketplace.

On 12 July 2016, Markit and IHS Inc. merged in an all-stock merger of equals to form IHS Markit. IHS Markit later merged with S&P Global on 28 February 2022.

Financial risk
Financial risk is any of various types of risk associated with financing, including financial transactions that include company loans in risk of default. Often it is understood to include only downside risk, meaning the potential for financial loss and uncertainty about its extent.

Modern portfolio theory initiated by Harry Markowitz in 1952 under his thesis titled "Portfolio Selection" is the discipline and study which pertains to managing market and financial risk.  In modern portfolio theory, the variance (or standard deviation) of a portfolio is used as the definition of risk.
Elephant Shoe
Elephant Shoe is the third studio album by Scottish indie rock band Arab Strap, released on 13 September 1999 by Go! Beat.

The album's title is a phrase sometimes used by children who are afraid of saying "I love you", where they mouth "I love you" under their breath, but when asked what they had said, answer "elephant shoe" or elephant juice, because the mouth shapes are the same.

Arab Strap
Arab Strap are a Scottish indie rock band whose core members are Aidan Moffat and Malcolm Middleton. The band were signed to independent record label Chemikal Underground, split in 2006 and reformed in 2016. The band signed to Rock Action Records in 2020.
Śmiardowo
Śmiardowo [ɕmjarˈdɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sępopol, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Sępopol, 17 km (11 mi) east of Bartoszyce, and 59 km (37 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The Pełkowski Polish noble family lived in the village.

Bartoszyce
Bartoszyce (pronounced Barto-shitse [bartɔˈʂɨt͡sɛ] ⓘ; German: Bartenstein, [ˈbaʁtn̩ʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland, with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
Rhône-et-Loire
Rhône-et-Loire was the short-lived department of France whose prefecture (capital) was Lyon. Its name takes into the two rivers which flow through the department: Rhône and Loire.

Created on 4 March 1790, like the other French departments, Rhône-et-Loire was disbanded on 12 August 1793 when it was split into two departments: Rhône (prefecture: Lyon) and Loire (prefecture: Feurs, then Montbrison, and then Saint-Étienne, the current capital). The division of Rhône-et-Loire was a response to counterrevolutionary activities in Lyon which, by population, was the country's second largest city. By splitting Rhône-et-Loire, which was the natural economic and, potentially, military hinterland of Lyon, the government sought to protect the French Revolution from the potential power and influence of the counterrevolutionary revolt in the Lyon region.

Montbrison, Loire
Montbrison (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃bʁizɔ̃]; Arpitan: Montbréson) is a subprefecture and commune of the Loire department in central France. Montbrison was the historical capital of the counts of Forez; today it is the principal city in Forez.

The city gives its name to the popular blue cheese Fourme de Montbrison, which has been made in the region for centuries. It received appellation d'origine contrôlée status in 1972.
ASP-8062
ASP-8062, or ASP8062, is a GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator which is under development for the treatment of alcoholism. It was also under development for the treatment of fibromyalgia and opioid-related disorders, but development for these indications was discontinued. The drug is taken orally.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Iryna Akimova
Iryna Mykhailivna Akimova (Ukrainian: Ірина Михайлівна Акімова; born on April 26, 1960, in Kharkiv, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian politician and former First Deputy Head of Presidential Administration of Ukraine. She held this post from February 2010 till February 2014.

Office of the President of Ukraine
The Office of the President of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Офіс Президента України, romanized: Ofis Prezydenta Ukrainy, pronounced [ˈɔfis prezɪˈdɛntɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]), formerly the Administration of the President of Ukraine, is a standing advisory body set up by the President of Ukraine pursuant to clause 28, Article 106 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The Office consists of its Head, Deputies of the Head, Chief of Staff, First Assistant to the President, Advisors, Authorized Advisors, Press Secretary, Representatives of the President, Cabinet of the President, Cabinet of the Head of the Office, Services, Directorates, and Departments.