hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caprock
Caprock or cap rock is a hard, resistant, and impermeable layer of rock that overlies and protects a layer of softer material. In petroleum geology the softer lower layer may be a reservoir of oil or natural gas.  The caprock acts similarly to the crust on a pie where the crust (caprock) prevents leakage of the soft filling (softer material). In landforms like mesas and buttes the caprock consists of sturdy erosion-resistant rock like granite or basalt that resists weathering more strongly than its supporting rock and results in differential erosion. It also influences hydrology by creating waterfalls and aquifers where the movement of water is restricted and channeled by the harder layers. As petroleum reservoirs caprocks are often buried under other layers of rock and protected from weathering, they can consist of softer materials like sandstone, limestone, and evaporites, as long as they are highly impermeable and resist the flow of hydrocarbons through them.

Permeation
In physics and engineering, permeation (also called imbuing) is the penetration of a permeate (a fluid such as a liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid. It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the permeate, a material's intrinsic permeability, and the materials' mass diffusivity. Permeation is modeled by equations such as Fick's laws of diffusion, and can be measured using tools such as a minipermeameter.
Are You Man Enough (Four Tops song)
"Are You Man Enough" is a 1973 hit song recorded by the Four Tops for the ABC Records label. It appeared as the second track on the soundtrack to the movie Shaft in Africa. It reached number 2 on the American R&B chart, number 15 on the American Billboard chart in 1973, and number 35 on the Canadian RPM magazine top singles chart. It was subsequently released on their 1973 album, Main Street People and used as the main theme for the film Shaft in Africa. The song was also featured in the 2007 comedy Superbad.

Shaft in Africa
Shaft in Africa is a 1973 American blaxploitation film directed by John Guillermin, and the third film of the Shaft series, starring Richard Roundtree as John Shaft. Stirling Silliphant wrote the screenplay. The film's budget was $1.5 million, but the film was a box office flop, grossing just $1 million. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer quickly sold the property to television, but the television series was cancelled after just seven episodes.
Dan Kriel
Daniel David Kriel (born 15 February 1994) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Lions in Super Rugby and Golden Lions in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. He also plays for the Seattle Seawolves in Major League Rugby (MLR). His regular position is centre. Kriel is the twin brother of professional rugby player Jesse Kriel.

Rugby Challenge (South Africa)
The Rugby Challenge – known as the SuperSport Rugby Challenge for sponsorship reasons – was the secondary domestic rugby union competition in South Africa from 2017 to 2019. The competition was organised by the South African Rugby Union and featured all fourteen South African provincial unions plus Namibian side the Welwitschias and the Zimbabwe Academy. The inaugural season of the competition was in 2017, and was intended as the long-term successor of the Vodacom Cup competition.

The competition was played at roughly the same time as Super Rugby each season, and featured a combination of Super Rugby players returning from injury, reserve players attempting to maintain their fitness levels and younger players trying to break through to the Super Rugby or Currie Cup sides. It therefore served as an important developmental competition for South African rugby.
Aqsaqal Faizullah Khan Qara-Bay
Aqsaqal Faizullah Khan Qara-Bay (Persian: آقسقال فیض‌الله خان قره‌بای‎; died c. 1881–1883) was a regional leader in nineteenth-century Badakhshan Province, located in northeastern Afghanistan. He held the title of Mir (governor or local ruler) of Faizabad during the period of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880). His governance coincided with a transitional period in Afghan state formation, during which the central government under Abdur Rahman Khan sought to assert authority over autonomous regions.

Sher Ali Khan
Sher Ali Khan Barakzai (c. 1825 – 21 February 1879) was Emir of Afghanistan after the death of his father Dost Mohammad Khan on 9 June 1863, until his overthrow during the Battle of Sheikhabad on 10 May 1866, and again from 8 September 1868 until his death on 21 February 1879. He was one of the sons of Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Barakzai dynasty in Afghanistan.
Solangi Kharal
Solangi Kharal is a village of central Punjab in Pakistan. It is situated on the main highway from Gujranwala to Sargodha. Solangi Kharal obtained the status of Union council in 2016 local elections chairman of Solangi Kharal is Muhammad Shaukat kharal.

Solangi Kharal is most populous and most modern village of Hafizabad District. It is an industrial village having two main industries of rice and jute and two small mills of rice.It has a population of 4,800, with 2,243 registered to vote.

Sargodha
Sargodha (/sɑːˈɡəʊdə/; سرگودھا; Punjabi: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th most populous city and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country. It is also known as the City of Eagles.

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).
2021 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
The women's doubles competition of the 2021 World Table Tennis Championships was held from 24 to 29 November 2021.

Sun Yingsha and Wang Manyu defeated Mima Ito and Hina Hayata 11–9, 11–7, 11–8 in the final.

Hina Hayata
Hina Hayata (早田 ひな, Hayata Hina; born 7 July 2000) is a Japanese international table tennis player. She is the most successful player on the ITTF Challenge Series since its inception in 2017. Owing to her stature, she is able to generate more spin on both sides than most female players. She is coached by Daisuka Ishida.
192 Squadron (Israel)
The 192 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force (IAF), also known as the Daya (Milvus) Squadron, was formed in July 1978 with several E-2 Hawkeye Airborne Early Warning aircraft.  The squadron served in a reconnaissance role during the 1982 Lebanon War and in other operations since.

The squadron was reportedly disbanded in 1994, although a flying E-2C appeared in a flight school air show in 1998. The IAF was the first operator to install in-flight refuelling equipment and also applied several avionics enhancements to Israeli E-2Cs. Three of the four Israeli Hawkeyes were sold to Mexico in 2002 after an upgrade package installation, while one was handed over to the Israeli Air Force Museum. The "Roll Out" Ceremony of the first E-2C Hawkeye Aircraft for the Mexican Navy took place on January 21, 2004, at the facilities of Israel Aerospace Industries's Bedek Aviation Group.

Israel Aerospace Industries
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI; Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל, romanized: ha-Ta'asiya ha-Avirit le-Yisra'el) is Israel's major aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial and astronautic systems for both military and civilian usage. It has 14,000 employees as of 2021. IAI is state-owned by the government of Israel.

IAI designs, develops, produces and maintains civil aircraft, UAVs, fighter aircraft, missile, avionics, and space-based systems.

IAI's main focus is engineering, aviation and high-tech electronics, though it also manufactures military systems for ground and naval forces. Many of these products are centered on the core needs of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Other offerings are marketed to numerous foreign militaries.
Escandón Pass
The Escandón Pass (Spanish: Puerto Escandón or Puerto de Escandón) is a mountain pass in Teruel Province, Aragon, Spain. It is located in La Puebla de Valverde municipal term, in the Sierra de Gúdar and Sierra de Javalambre zone, where the Iberian System ranges begin to descend towards the sea.

The train station at Escandón Pass is one of the highest in the Iberian Peninsula.

Sierra de Gúdar
Sierra de Gúdar is a mountain range in the Gúdar-Javalambre and Maestrazgo comarcas of Aragon and the Alto Mijares comarca of the Valencian Community, Spain. The highest point in the range is Peñarroya (2,019 m).
Chupare stingray
The chupare stingray or Caribbean whiptail stingray (Styracura schmardae) is a species of stingray in the family Potamotrygonidae, found in the western Atlantic Ocean from the Gulf of Campeche to Brazil, including the Antilles. The presence of this species in the Gulf of Mexico has not been confirmed. It also occurs in the Bahamas. It usually inhabits sandy substrates, sometimes near coral reefs, and is an infrequent visitor to the Amazon River estuary. Leonard Compagno doubted the taxonomic validity of this species in his 1999 Checklist of Living Elasmobranchs.

Bay of Campeche
The Bay of Campeche (Spanish: Bahía de Campeche), or Campeche Sound, is a bight in the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico, forming the north side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. It is surrounded on three sides by the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz. The area of the bay is 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2) and maximum depth of the bay is approximately 180 feet (55 m). It was named by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba and Antón de Alaminos during their expedition in 1517.
Red-Letter Christians
Red-Letter Christians is a non-denominational movement within Evangelical Christianity. "Red-Letter" refers to New Testament verses and parts of verses printed in red ink, to indicate the words attributed to Jesus without the use of quotation marks.

Non-denominational
A non-denominational person or organization is one that does not follow (or is not restricted to) any particular or specific religious denomination.

The term has been used in the context of various faiths, including Jainism, Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism, Unitarian Universalism, Neo-Paganism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Wicca. It stands in contrast with a religious denomination. Religious people of a non-denominational persuasion tend to be more open-minded in their views on various religious matters and rulings. Some converts towards non-denominational strains of thought have been influenced by disputes over traditional teachings in the previous institutions they attended. Nondenominationalism has also been used as a tool for introducing neutrality into a public square when the local populace is derived from a wide-ranging set of religious beliefs.
2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution
The federal electoral redistribution of 2012 was a redistribution of electoral districts ("ridings") in Canada following the results of the 2011 Canadian census. As a result of amendments to the Constitution Act, 1867, the number of seats in the House of Commons of Canada increased from 308 to 338. The previous electoral redistribution was in 2003.

The redistribution was implemented by proclamation under the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act on October 5, 2013, and came into effect upon the dissolution of the 41st Canadian Parliament on August 2, 2015. The resulting electoral districts and boundaries were used in the 2015, 2019, and 2021 federal elections.

Federal electoral districts were redistributed in 2022, which came into effect upon the dissolution of the 44th Canadian Parliament on April 23, 2025.

Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act
The Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act (French: Loi sur la révision des limites des circonscriptions électorales), commonly known by its acronym EBRA, is an act of the Parliament of Canada that was passed by the 26th Canadian Parliament in 1964.

Under the EBRA, every ten years, ten electoral boundaries commissions (one in each province) are established to revise the electoral district boundaries in their province. Each commission is composed of three members. It is chaired by a judge appointed by the chief justice of the province and has two other members appointed by the Speaker of the House of Commons.
Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows
The Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows (Spanish: Orden Imperial del Yugo y las Flechas) was a Spanish state and military order. It was established in 1937 under the dictatorship of Caudillo Francisco Franco and discontinued in 1976 following Franco's death and during the Spanish transition to democracy. The order was formally abolished in October 2022 under the Democratic Memory Law. The order came in five grades.

State order
A state order, or national order, is an order that is granted by a sovereign state as part of its national honours system. These orders, which are generally awarded to recipients for their accomplishments, are typically categorised as either orders of chivalry or orders of merit.

Orders that are bestowed by formerly reigning dynasties are not considered to be state orders per se, but they can be referred to as dynastic orders.
Frenchy D'Amour
Theophile D. "Frenchy" D'Amour (October 10, 1912–September 7, 1995) was a Canadian curler. He skipped the first team from British Columbia to win the Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship in 1948.

The Brier
The Brier (French: Le Brier), known since 2024 as the Montana's Brier for sponsorship reasons, is the annual Canadian men's curling championship, sanctioned by Curling Canada. The Brier has been held since 1927, traditionally during the month of March.

The winner of the Brier goes on to represent Canada at the World Curling Championships of the same year. The Brier is the best supported curling competition in terms of paid attendance, attracting crowds far larger than even those for World Championships held in Canada.

Its current main sponsor is Montana's, a Canadian restaurant chain. "Brier" originally referred to a brand of tobacco sold by the event's first sponsor, the Macdonald Tobacco Company.
Lillian Smith Book Award
The Lillian Smith Book Awards' are an award which honors those authors who, through their outstanding writing about the American South, carry on Lillian Smith's legacy of elucidating the condition of racial and social inequity and proposing a vision of justice and human understanding. The award is jointly presented by the Southern Regional Council and the University of Georgia Libraries.

Since 1968, the awards have been presented annually, except for 2003 when the Southern Regional Council experienced funding shortfalls.  It is the South's oldest and best-known book award, and is presented in fiction and non-fiction categories.

Mike D'Orso
Mike D'Orso (born October 12, 1953) is an American author and journalist based in Norfolk, Virginia.

He wrote Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood (1996), Plundering Paradise: The Hand of Man on the Galapagos Islands (2002), and Eagle Blue: A Team, A Tribe and a High School Basketball Season in Arctic Alaska (2006). His co-written books include Walking With the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement (1998), written with U.S. Congressman and former civil rights leader John Lewis; Rise and Walk: The Trial and Triumph of Dennis Byrd (1993), written with New York Jet defensive end Dennis Byrd; and Oceana: Our Endangered Oceans and What We Can Do to Save Them (2011), written with actor and environmental activist Ted Danson.
İpsala
İpsala (Ancient Greek: Κύψελα, romanized: Kýpsela; Greek: Ύψαλα, romanized: Ýpsala) is a town in Edirne Province in northwestern Turkey. It is the seat of İpsala District. Its population is 8,546 (2022). It is the location of one of the main border checkpoints between Greece and Turkey. The Greek town opposite İpsala is Kipoi.

The state road D.110 (European route E90) connects the border checkpoint İpsala with Tekirdağ at the coast of the Marmara Sea. The town consists of six quarters: Kapucu, Saraçilyas, Bayrambey, Köprü, Bozkurt and Fatih.

Edirne Province
Edirne Province (Turkish: Edirne ili) is a Turkish province located in East Thrace. Part of European Turkey, it is one of only three provinces located entirely within continental Europe. Its area is 6,145 km2, and its population is 414,714 (2022). Edirne Province is bordered by Tekirdağ Province and Kırklareli Province to the east, and the Gallipoli peninsula of Çanakkale Province to the south-east. It shares international borders with Bulgaria (Haskovo and Yambol Provinces) to the north and Greece (Eastern Macedonia and Thrace) to the west. Edirne is the capital of the province, and the largest city. It is the only province of Turkey that borders Greece.
Gliese 440
Gliese 440, also known as L 145-141 or LAWD 37, is a white dwarf located 15.1 light-years (4.6 parsecs) from the Solar System in the constellation Musca, the nearest star in this constellation. It is the fourth closest white dwarf, after Sirius B, Procyon B, and van Maanen's star. Despite its closeness, Gliese 440 is intrinsically faint with just 0.05% the luminosity of the Sun, and can not be viewed to the naked eye with an apparent magnitude of +11.5.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Out of the Shadow (2004 film)
Out of the Shadow is a 2004 grassroots documentary film by Susan Smiley concerning her mother, Mildred Smiley. Mildred Smiley is a middle-aged woman who has battled schizophrenia for over twenty years. The documentary chronicles her journey from psychiatric wards, nursing and group homes in Illinois, United States.

Out of the Shadow is composed of interview footage interspersed with home movies and photographs.

The film has been positively reviewed by mental health journals such as Clinical Psychiatry News and the Journal of Medical Humanities.

Middle age
Middle age  (or middle adulthood) is the age range of the years halfway between young adulthood and old age. The exact range is subject to public debate, but the term is commonly used to denote the age range from 45 to 60 years.
Beaumont Centre, Lexington
Beaumont Centre is a neighborhood and major retail and office park in southwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are New Circle Road to the north, the older Harrods Hill neighborhood to the south, Man o' War Boulevard to the west, and Harrodsburg Road to the east.  The area was one of the last undeveloped areas off New Circle Road, development began in the early 1990s.

New Circle Road (Lexington's inner beltway) blocks direct access between Beaumont Centre and nearby the Beaumont Park or Garden Springs neighborhoods.

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
1985–86 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1985–86 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 16th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 25 August 1985 to 16 March 1986.

St Martin's of Kilkenny were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Glenmore in the semi-final of the 1985 Kilkenny SHC. Kilmaley of Clare made their championship debut.

The All-Ireland final was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 16 March 1986, between Kilruane MacDonagh's of Tipperary and Buffers Alley of Wexford, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Kilruane MacDonagh's won the match by 1–15 to 2–10 to claim their only title.

Mick Butler was the championshi's top scorer with 2–28.

Kilruane MacDonagh's GAA
Kilruane MacDonaghs GAA is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Both hurling and Gaelic football are played in the "North-Tipperary" divisional competitions. The club is centred on the villages of Kilruane, Ardcroney and Cloughjordan. The club was founded in 1937 and is named after Thomas MacDonagh, a signatory of the 1916 Proclamation who was born and lived in Cloughjordan. The clubhouse and playing field are located in Cloughjordan.

The finest day in the club's history was in 1986 when it won the Senior Hurling Club All-Ireland title, defeating Buffers Alley of Wexford GAA in the final by 1-15 to 2-10.

The club incorporates many of clubs that existed in the parishes at the time. A forerunner to the MacDonaghs club was the famous De Wets formed in 1900.

On 30 October 2022, Kilruane MacDonaghs defeated Kiladangan 2-20 to 1-16 in the 2022 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship final after a replay to win their first title since 1985.
Sir Bear
Sir Bear (foaled 1993 in Florida) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse who got better as he grew older and raced successfully until retiring at age ten.

He was bred by Florida veterinarian, Dr. Al Smollin, and raced by his wife, Barbara. He was trained by Jamaica native Ralph Ziadie from a base at Calder Race Course in Miami Gardens.

Sir Bear raced in Florida and also competed at racetracks from Ohio to the East Coast of the United States. A multiple Grade I winner, his victories include the 1998 Cigar Mile Handicap and the 1999 Metropolitan Handicap. In 2002, at age nine, he won his third Skip Away Handicap by defeating Preakness Stakes winner, Red Bullet.

Sir Bear made his last start at age ten on January 25, 2003, in the Sunshine Millions Classic at Gulfstream Park.

Sunshine Millions Classic
The Sunshine Millions Classic is an American race for thoroughbred horses held annually in January at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California and at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida.  Part of the eight-race Sunshine Millions series, half of the races are run at one track, and half at the other.

The "Classic" is open to horses four-years-old and older willing to race one and one-eighth miles on the dirt. It is a restricted event currently offering a purse of $250,000.

The Sunshine Millions series races are restricted to horses bred either in Florida or in California.

The racing series was created by the Thoroughbred Owners of California, the California Thoroughbred Breeders Association, the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders' and Owners' Association, Inc., Santa Anita Park, Gulfstream Park, and Magna Entertainment Corporation.