hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifically addresses rights regarding denominational schools and separate schools.  Section 29 is not the source of these rights but instead reaffirms the pre-existing special rights belonging to Roman Catholics and Protestants, despite freedom of religion and religious equality under sections 2 and 15 of the Charter.  Such rights may include financial support from the provincial governments.  In the case Mahe v. Alberta (1990), the Supreme Court of Canada also had to reconcile denominational school rights with minority language educational rights under section 23 of the Charter.

Minority language
A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory. Such people are termed linguistic minorities or language minorities. With a total number of 196 sovereign states recognized internationally (as of 2019) and an estimated number of roughly 5,000 to 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, the vast majority of languages are minority languages in every country in which they are spoken. Some minority languages are simultaneously also official languages, such as Irish in Ireland or the numerous indigenous languages of Bolivia. Likewise, some national languages are often considered minority languages, insofar as they are the national language of a stateless nation.
Ralph Meczyk
Ralph Eugene Meczyk (born 1950) is an American attorney and judge serving on the Circuit Court of Cook County in Illinois. Appointed to the bench in January 2024 and elected later that year, he previously spent more than four decades as a criminal defense lawyer in Chicago, where he handled numerous high-profile cases, including appearances before the United States Supreme Court.

Earlier in his career, Meczyk was convicted in a federal tax-fraud case arising from Operation Greylord, for which he later received a presidential pardon.

As a judge, he drew public scrutiny in 2025 after a defendant whose release conditions he modified was later charged in a widely publicized violent attack on Chicago’s CTA Blue Line.

Operation Greylord
Operation Greylord was an investigation conducted jointly by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the IRS Criminal Investigation Division, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, the Chicago Police Department Internal Affairs Division and the Illinois State Police into corruption in the judiciary of Cook County, Illinois (the Chicago jurisdiction). The FBI named the investigation "Operation Greylord" after a racehorse, after  other suggested names were rejected by FBI Headquarters as being too close to the subject matter of the investigation, should they become known.
Live from the Crystal Palace
Live from the Crystal Palace is the first, and to date only, live album from the Sacramento, California-based band Cake. The album was recorded over a two-night performance at Buck Owens' Crystal Palace in 2005.  The album was originally expected to be released in 2006, but a release did not materialize until its release as part of the 8-LP box set released for Record Store Day on April 19, 2014.

Record Store Day
Record Store Day is a semi-annual event established in 2008 to "celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store". Held on one Saturday (typically the third) every April and every Black Friday in November, the day brings together fans, artists, and thousands of independent record stores around the world. A number of records are pressed specifically for Record Store Day, with a list of releases for each country, and are only distributed to shops participating in the event.

The event originated in the United States and has expanded internationally, with official organizers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Europe, Japan, and Australia.
Mugling
Mugling (Nepali: मुग्लिङ; sometimes known as Muglin) is a town in Chitwan, Bagmati Province, Nepal.

Mugling is located at an interchange of two majors highways: Prithvi and Madan Ashrit Highway (also known as Mugling-Narayanghat Highway). Before the 1970s, Mugling was a fishing village at the confluence of Marshyangdi River and Trishuli River. Soon after the two highways were connected, the town saw a major transformation and became synonymised as a "town that never slept".

In 2005, it was reported that Mugling became a ghost town due to the Nepalese Civil War, rising violence, and crime. During the war, the Nepal government had installed an army checkpoint at the market.

Fishing village
A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional.
Carrefour Planet
Carrefour Planet is a hypermarket chain concept owned by the Carrefour Group.

Carrefour Planet was created as a new-generation hypermarket, the hypermarkets were divided into 8 centers ; marché (Market), bio, surgélés (frozen food), beauté (beauty), mode, bébé (baby), maison (home) and loisirs-multimédia (leisure-multimedia) and proposed services such as day care, a barbershop or hairdressing services.

Barber
A barber is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave hair or beards. A barber's place of work is known as a barbershop or the barber's. Barbershops have been noted places of social interaction and public discourse since at least classical antiquity. In some instances, barbershops were also public forums. They were the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards in Anglophonic cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.
The Maxwellians
The Maxwellians is a book by Bruce J. Hunt, published in 1991 by Cornell University Press; a paperback edition appeared in 1994, and the book was reissued in 2005. A Portuguese translation, under the title Os Seguidores de Maxwell, was published by Editora Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in 2015. The book chronicles the development of electromagnetic theory in the years after the publication of A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism by James Clerk Maxwell. The book draws heavily on the correspondence and notebooks as well as the published writings of George Francis FitzGerald, Oliver Lodge, Oliver Heaviside, Heinrich Hertz, and Joseph Larmor. In 1980 Hunt had won the Nathan Reingold Prize (then known as the Schuman Prize) for his essay "Theory invades practice: the British response to Hertz".

Nathan Reingold Prize
The Nathan Reingold Prize (formerly Ida & Henry Schuman Prize) is given every year to a graduate student for having written an original essay in the history of science. It is awarded by the History of Science Society.
Equity Bank Park
Equity Bank Park, previously known as Riverfront Stadium, is a baseball park in downtown Wichita, Kansas, United States. It serves as the home ballpark of the Wichita Wind Surge of the Texas League. The team relocated from the New Orleans suburb of Metairie, Louisiana, after the 2019 season.

Equity Bank Park has a total seating capacity of 10,025 people with 6,000 in fixed seating in addition to luxury suites and a grass berm in right field. When not used for baseball, the city plans to use the facility for sports festivals, high school football, concerts, and an ice rink in winter. The new ballpark will share hosting of the National Baseball Congress World Series (NBC World Series) with Eck Stadium at Wichita State.

Metairie, Louisiana
Metairie (/ˈmɛtəri/ MET-ər-ee) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States, and is part of the New Orleans metropolitan area. With a population of 143,507 in 2020, Metairie is the largest community in Jefferson Parish, the fifth-largest CDP in the United States, and the largest outside Clark County, Nevada. It is an unincorporated area that (as of 2020) would have been Louisiana's fourth-largest city behind Shreveport if incorporated.
Sciota adelphella
Sciota adelphella is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It was described by Josef Emanuel Fischer von Röslerstamm in 1836 and is found in Europe.

The wingspan is 20–24 mm. The moth flies in one generation from mid-June to August.

The caterpillars feed on Populus alba, Salix alba and Salix repens.

Salix repens
Salix repens, the creeping willow, is a small, shrubby species of willow in the family Salicaceae, growing up to 1.5 metres in height. Found amongst sand dunes and heathlands, it is a polymorphic species, with a wide range of variants. In the UK, at least, these range from small, prostrate, hairless plants at one end of the spectrum to taller, erect or ascending silky-leaved shrubs at the other. This wide variation in form has resulted in numerous synonyms.
Stig Tore Svee
Stig Tore Svee (born 16 December 1963) is a Norwegian ice sledge hockey player.

He has earned two silver medals with his team at the 2002 Paralympic Games    and 2006 Paralympic Games, and a gold medal at the 1998 Paralympic Games. He also took the bronze medal with the Norwegian team at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Ice sledge hockey at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
The ice sledge hockey competition of the 2010 Winter Paralympics was held at the UBC Winter Sports Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 13 March to 20 March 2010.

For the first time, women were allowed to compete in ice sledge hockey at the Paralympic Games.

Following high hopes in the host nation, Canada's defeat in the semi-finals was described as causing "national despair".
Stardom 10th Anniversary Show
The Stardom 10th Anniversary Show (スターダム10周年記念ショー, Sutādamu 10 shūnenkinen shō) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. It was the first from the promotion's 10th Anniversary celebration line of events, as well as the promotion's first pay-per-view of 2021. It took place on January 17, 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, at the Korakuen Hall with a limited attendance due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time.

Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show, and four of Stardom's seven championships were on the line. The main event saw Utami Hayashishita defeat Maika to retain the World of Stardom Championship. In another prominent match, Giulia defeated Natsuko Tora in a no disqualification match to retain the Wonder of Stardom Championship.

Utami Hayashishita
Utami Hayashishita (林下詩美, Hayashishita Utami; born September 14, 1998) is a Japanese professional wrestler. She is signed to Dream Star Fighting Marigold where she is a former Marigold World Champion. She is best known for her time in World Wonder Ring Stardom, where she is the former leader of Queen's Quest.

Since making her debut on August 12, 2018, she became a one-time World of Stardom Champion, three-time Goddesses of Stardom Champion, one-time Artist of Stardom Champion, one-time Future of Stardom Champion and one-time SWA World Champion. She is the winner of the 2020 5Star Grand Prix, the 2018 Goddesses of Stardom Tag League and the 2019 Trios Tag Team Tournament. Hayashishita is also a former one-time Pro-Wrestling: EVE International Champion.
Max Schradin
Max Schradin (born 12 April 1978 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German TV host and live streamer. He became known for hosting game shows on the former television channel 9Live. Since 2021, he is an active referee in the soccer amateur scene and also known as an influencer since 2022.

Sport1 (Germany)
Sport1 (German: Sport Eins) is a German free-to-air television channel centred towards sports programming, as well as teleshopping. It was launched on 1 January 1993 as DSF (Deutsches Sportfernsehen), replacing the television channel Tele 5 which had become the successor of the music video channel Musicbox on 11 January 1988. The channel took its current name on 11 April 2010.

Sport1 has its headquarters in Ismaning near Munich.
Hongsalmun
In architecture, a hongsalmun (Korean: 홍살문; Hanja: 紅살門) is a gate for entering a sacred place in Korea. Hongsalmun, also called hongjeonmun or hongmun, are usually erected to indicate Korean Confucian sites, such as shrines, tombs, and academies such as hyanggyo and seowon. The gate indicates entry to a sacred realm.

Tomb
A tomb (from Ancient Greek: τύμβος tumbos, meaning "mound" or "burial monument") is a repository for the remains of the dead. It may be above or below ground and can vary greatly in form, size, and cultural significance. Tombs are one of the oldest forms of funerary monuments, serving both as a means of final disposition and as expressions of religious belief, commemoration, and social status.

Placing a body in a tomb can be called entombment, distinct from simpler burial practices. Tombs often involve architectural or artistic design and can become significant cultural or religious landmarks.
Acronicta cinerea
Acronicta cinerea is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from northern Germany, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, the Baltic, Norway, southern Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, western Russia up to Uralsk and Guberli.

Some authors consider Acronicta cinerea a synonym of Acronicta euphorbiae

Uralsk
Uralsk (Russian: Уральск) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Uralsk, Republic of Bashkortostan, a selo in Uralsky Selsoviet of Uchalinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Uralsk, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Iriklinsky Settlement Council of Gaysky District of Orenburg Oblast
Walter Covert
Sir Walter Covert (c. 1544 – 27 January 1632) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons several times during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.

Covert was the eldest surviving son of Richard Covert of Slaugham, Sussex. He was educated at Gray's Inn in 1567. He was knighted in 1591.

He was appointed High Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex for 1583–84 and 1592–93. In 1581, 1586, 1614 and 1626 he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Sussex, in 1584 for Newport, Cornwall and in 1593 for Petersfield.

He married twice: firstly Timothea, the daughter of John Lennard of Chevening, Kent and secondly Jane, the daughter and coheiress of Sir John Shurley of Isfield, Sussex. He died childless and was succeeded by his niece, who outlived him by only a few months. His widow remarried as her second husband John Freke, and as her third the statesman Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles.

Slaugham
Slaugham (/ˈslæfəm/ ⓘ or /ˈslɑːfəm/ ⓘ) is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) to the south of Crawley, on the A23 road to Brighton. The civil parish covers an area of 2,432 hectares (6,010 acres). At the 2001 census it had a population of 2,226 persons of whom 1,174 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the parish included the villages of Handcross and Warninglid and had a population of 2,769. In addition the parish contains the settlement of Pease Pottage.

St Mary's Church is a Grade II* listed building dating mostly from the 12th and 13th centuries and is situated opposite Slaugham's village green. It serves all four villages. Church Covert wood off Staplefied Road is managed by the Woodland Trust.
Miss France 2026
Miss France 2026 was the 96th edition of the Miss France pageant, held on 6 December 2025 at the Zénith d'Amiens in Amiens, Hauts-de-France. Angélique Angarni-Filopon of Martinique crowned Hinaupoko Devèze of Tahiti as her successor at the end of the event.

The 2026 edition marked the first edition since the departure of former national director Cindy Fabre in January 2025, while Camille Cerf will fulfill some of Fabre's previous duties as the official godmother of Miss France 2026.

Miss Martinique
Miss Martinique is a French beauty pageant which selects a representative for the Miss France national competition from the overseas region of Martinique. The first Miss Martinique was crowned in 1977, while the pageant has been organized regularly since 1984.

The current Miss Martinique is Léaline Patry, who was crowned Miss Martinique 2025 on 13 September 2025.
M. G. Nadkarni
Mahendra G. Nadkarni is a professor emeritus at University of Mumbai. Nadkarni obtained his Ph.D. in mathematics from Brown University, the US in 1964 for his work on Ergodic theory. His research interests include Ergodic Theory, Harmonic Analysis, and Probability Theory.

Nadkarni has taught at Washington University in St. Louis, University of Minnesota, Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Calcutta University (1968–1981), University of Mumbai (1981–1998), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (2010–2012), and Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (2012-present). He teaches Measure Theory, Probability Theory and Stochastic Calculus to undergraduates at CEBS.

He was Head of the Department of Mathematics, at the University of Mumbai. He is a fellow of the Indian National Science Academy as well as the Indian Academy of Sciences. Nadkarni is an author of books on Ergodic theory.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
Sir Caesar Colclough, 2nd Baronet
Sir Caesar Colclough, 2nd baronet (/ˈkoʊkliː/, COKE-lee); 1623–1684), of Greenham, Thatcham, Berkshire and Tintern Abbey, County Wexford, was an English Member of Parliament (MP).

He was a Member of the House of Commons of England for Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1661.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.
James Vicary
James McDonald Vicary (April 30, 1915 – November 7, 1977) was an American market researcher who pioneered the concept of subliminal advertising with an experiment in 1957, later determined to have been fraudulent. Vicary was unable to ever reproduce the results of his experiments. In 1962, Vicary finally admitted that his subliminal "experiment" had been concocted as a gimmick to attract customers to his failing marketing business.

Reproducibility
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated. There are different kinds of replication but typically replication studies involve different researchers using the same methodology. Only after one or several such successful replications should a result be recognized as scientific knowledge.
A481 road
The A481 is a road in Powys, Wales, which connects with the A483 road, not far from the A470 road at Llanelwedd, Builth Wells and leads to the A44 road near Llanfihangel Nant Melan. It is the main road leading to the A44 which connects Builth to Leominster and Hereford across the border with England.

Llanfihangel Nant Melan
Llanfihangel Nant Melan is a small village in Powys, Wales, in the ancient county of Radnorshire. It is around 7 miles (11 km) from the English border. It is in the community of New Radnor. Until 1983 Llanfihangel Nant Melan was a community itself.

The village lies in a valley on the A44 road on the edge of the Radnor Forest, and is home to a church and two pubs. The A481 road from Builth joins the A44 near here.
Suresh Khade
Sureshbhau Dagadu Khade is an Indian politician. He is incumbent Cabinet Minister in Government of Maharashtra in Eknath Shinde ministry. He is Labour Minister of Maharashtra and Guardian Minister of Sangli district. He was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Miraj, Maharashtra in the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is four term member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He was Minister of Social Justice in Devendra Fadnavis cabinet.

Eknath Shinde ministry
Eknath Shinde was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra on 30 June 2022, on resignation of his predecessor Uddhav Thackeray. Shinde led a government consisting of Shiv Sena, the NCP and the BJP.
Kim Lim
Kim Lim (16 February 1936 – 23 October 1997) was a Singaporean-British sculptor and printmaker of Chinese descent. She is most recognized for her abstract wooden and stone-carved sculptures that explore the relationship between art and nature, and works on paper that developed alongside her sculptural practice. Lim's attention to the minute details of curve, line and surface made her an exponent of minimalism.

Whitechapel Gallery
The Whitechapel Gallery is a public art gallery in Whitechapel on the north side of Whitechapel High Street, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The original building, designed by Charles Harrison Townsend, opened in 1901 as one of the first publicly funded galleries for temporary exhibitions in London. The building is a notable example of the British Modern Style. In 2009 the gallery approximately doubled in size by incorporating the adjacent former Passmore Edwards library building. It exhibits the work of contemporary artists and organizes retrospective exhibitions and other art shows.
Wydjah, New South Wales
The Parish of Wydjah located at 30°00′35″S 141°37′52″ is a remote rural locality and civil parish of Evelyn County, New South Wales in far northwest New South Wales.

The geography of the Parish is mostly the flat, arid landscape of the Channel Country an arid desert with a hot desert climate. The Parish is located at  30°00′35″S 141°37′52″  between Milparinka and Tibooburra to the north and Broken Hill, New South Wales to the south.
Wydijah, is on Gum Creek which flows into Bullea Lake to the east.
The annual average temperature is 23 °C.  The warmest month is January, when the average temperature is 34 °C, and the coldest is June, at 10 °C.  The average annual average is 306 millimeters.  The rainy month is February, with an average of 109 mm rainfall, and the driest is October, with 1 mm rainfall.

The area around Yandaminta Creek is almost unpopulated, with less than two inhabitants per square kilometer.

Square kilometre
The square kilometre (square kilometer in American spelling; symbol: km2) is a multiple of the square metre, the SI unit of area or surface area. In the SI unit of area (m2), 1 km2 is equal to 1M(m2).

1 km2 is equal to:

1,000,000 square metres (m2)

100 hectares (ha)

It is also approximately equal to:

0.3861 square miles

247.1 acres

Conversely:

1 m2 = 0.000001 (10−6) km2

1 hectare = 0.01 (10−2) km2

1 square mile = 2.5899 km2

1 acre = about 0.004047 km2

The symbol "km2" means (km)2, square kilometre and not k(m2), kilo–square metre. For example, 3 km2 is equal to 3×(1,000m)2 = 3,000,000 m2, not 3,000 m2.