hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marcus Cominius Secundus
Marcus Cominius Secundus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. He was suffect consul in one of the later nundinia of 151 with Lucius Attidius Cornelianus as his colleague. He is known from inscriptions and military diplomas issued during his time.

Ronald Syme has observed that "Cominius looks Italian (of low degree, no consul of that name hitherto), but a provincial origin is not excluded, possibly Narbonensian."

Two offices in the imperial service are known for Secundus. The first was as legatus legionis or commander of Legio V Macedonica in Lower Moesia during the governorship of Lucius Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus; this fell in the years 141 through 144. The second was immediately before his consulship, when Cominius Secundus was governor of the imperial province of Pannonia Inferior from around 147 to 150.

Roman military diploma
A Roman military diploma was a document inscribed in bronze certifying that the holder was honourably discharged from the Roman armed forces and/or had received the grant of Roman citizenship from the emperor as reward for service.

The diploma was a notarised copy of an original constitutio (decree) issued by the emperor in Rome, listing by regiment (or unit) the eligible veterans. The constitutio, recorded on a large bronze plate, was lodged in the military archive at Rome (none such has been found; presumably they were melted down in later times).
Wendy Wassyng Roworth
Wendy Wassyng Roworth is professor emerita of art history at the University of Rhode Island. Roworth is a specialist in eighteenth century British and Italian art and the art of Angelica Kauffman.

Roworth curated the exhibition "Angelica Kauffman: A continental artist in Georgian England" which was held at the Royal Pavilion Art Gallery & Museums, Brighton in 1992 and also in York. She edited the accompanying book.

Roworth has held fellowships with the National Endowment for the Humanities and was a scholar in residence at the National Museum for Women in the Arts in Washington D.C.

National Museum of Women in the Arts
The National Museum of Women in the Arts (NMWA), located in Washington, D.C., is "the first museum in the world solely dedicated" to championing women through the arts. NMWA was incorporated in 1981 by Wallace and Wilhelmina Holladay. Since opening in 1987, the museum has acquired a collection of more than 6,000 works by more than 1,000 artists, ranging from the 16th century to today. The collection includes works by Mary Cassatt, Alma Woodsey Thomas, Élisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun, and Amy Sherald. NMWA also holds the only painting by Frida Kahlo in Washington, D.C., Self-Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky.

The museum occupies the old Masonic Temple, a building listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. In 2021 the museum temporarily closed to undergo a $66 million transformative renovation. The museum reopened to the public on October 21, 2023.
David Douillet
David Donald Hubert Roger Douillet (French pronunciation: [david dɔnald ybɛʁ ʁɔʒe dujɛ]; born 17 February 1969 in Rouen) is a French politician and retired judoka.

Douillet won two consecutive gold medals at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and Sydney competing in the heavyweight division. He is also a four-time judo world champion and one-time European champion. These achievements make him one of the most decorated judoka in history. After his sporting career, he was involved alongside Bernadette Chirac in the charity Opération Pièces Jaunes. He also became a consulting sportsman for Canal+. He was elected deputy to the French National Assembly on 18 October 2009 and on 26 September 2011 became the new Sports Minister until May 2012.

European Judo Championships
The European Judo Championships is the Judo European Championship organized by the European Judo Union. The 2015 and 2019 editions were held during the respective European Games. This is also expected for future editions of the European Games.
Kalininsky (rural locality)
Kalininsky (Russian: Калининский; masculine), Kalininskaya (Калининская; feminine), or Kalininskoye (Калининское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Kalininsky, Altai Krai, a settlement in Soloneshensky District of Altai Krai

Kalininsky, name of several other rural localities

Kalininskaya, Krasnodar Krai, a stanitsa in Kalininsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Kalininskaya, Rostov Oblast, a stanitsa in Tsimlyansky District of Rostov Oblast

Kalininskaya, name of several other rural localities

Kalininskoye, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Iglinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Kalininskoye, name of several other rural localities

Kalininskaya, Krasnodar Krai
Kalininskaya (Russian: Кали́нинская) is a rural locality (a stanitsa) and the administrative center of Kalininsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Beysug River. Population:  13,391 (2010 Census); 13,192 (2002 Census); 11,263 (1989 Soviet census).
Lale Öztürk
Lale Öztürk, (born December 1, 1971)  Turkish athlete of long distance and marathon runner. She won the bronze medal in women's marathon at the 1997 Mediterranean Games held in Bari, Italy. She finished in third place in both the International Trabzon and Eurasia Marathons. Lale Öztürk represented Turkey in the marathon at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

Öztürk is married and mother of a daughter. Her husband Zeki Öztürk competed at the middle and long distance running and also was a medalist at the Mediterranean Games.

1997 Mediterranean Games
The XIII Mediterranean Games, commonly known as the 1997 Mediterranean Games, were the 13th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Bari, Italy, from 13 to 25 June 1997, where 2,956 athletes (2,166 men and 790 women) from 21 countries participated. There were a total of 234 medal events from 27 different sports.
ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album
The ARIA Music Award for Best Jazz Album is an award presented within the Fine Arts Awards at the annual ARIA Music Awards.

The award for Best Jazz Album was first presented in 1987, when George Golla Orchestra, received a trophy for their album, Lush Life (1987). Paul Grabowsky has won the award seven times in various guises (leader of the Paul Grabowsky Trio, Paul Grabowsky Sextet, duet with Vince Jones, duet with Katie Noonan, duet with Kate Ceberano and as a member of Wizards Of Oz).

Katie Noonan
Katie Anne Noonan (born 2 May 1977) is an Australian singer and songwriter. In addition to a successful solo career encompassing opera, jazz, pop, rock and dance, she was the singer in the bands George and Elixir; she has also performed with her mother Maggie Noonan and her band the Captains.
Noonan was the musical director of and performed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games' opening and closing ceremonies.
2022 Democratic Action Party National Congress
The 2022 Democratic Action Party National Congress was a central executive committee (CEC) electing congress that was held on 20 March 2022, at the IDCC Ideal Convention Centre in Shah Alam, Selangor. At the congress, delegates of the Malaysian Democratic Action Party (DAP) formally chose former transport minister Anthony Loke Siew Fook and former finance minister Lim Guan Eng as the party's secretary-general and national chairman, respectively, for the term 2021–2024.

Originally scheduled to be held 20 December 2020, simultaneously at Shah Alam, Kota Kinabalu, and Kuching, the congress was twice postponed, first to 20 June 2021, then again to 20 March 2022, due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic in Malaysia.

Shah Alam
Shah Alam (/ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/, Malaysian: [ʃah ˈalam], from Persian, meaning "king of the world") is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia which is situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957.
WZOS
WZOS (104.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Berlin, Wisconsin, that serves the Fox Valley in Northeastern Wisconsin. Owned by Woodward Communications, Inc., the station broadcasts an active rock format, and has been a simulcast of WZOR since June 13, 2018.

Berlin, Wisconsin
Berlin (/ˈbɜːrlɪn/ BUR-lin) is a city in Green Lake and Waushara counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 5,571 at the 2020 census. Of this, 5,435 were in Green Lake County, and only 89 were in Waushara County. The city is located mostly within the Town of Berlin in Green Lake County, with a small portion extending into the Town of Aurora in Waushara County.
Pseudothrombocytopenia
Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) or spurious thrombocytopenia is an in-vitro sampling problem which may mislead the diagnosis towards the more critical condition of thrombocytopenia. The phenomenon may occur when the anticoagulant used while testing the blood sample causes clumping of platelets which mimics a low platelet count.
The phenomenon has first been reported in 1969.

Thrombocytopenia
In hematology, thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets (also known as thrombocytes) in the blood. Low levels of platelets in turn may lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding.  It is the most common coagulation disorder among intensive care patients and is seen in a fifth of medical patients and a third of surgical patients.

A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/microliter (μL) of blood. Values outside this range do not necessarily indicate disease. One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency treatment is a platelet count below 50,000/μL. Thrombocytopenia can be contrasted with the conditions associated with an abnormally high level of platelets in the blood – thrombocythemia (when the cause is unknown), and thrombocytosis (when the cause is known).
Old New Borrowed and Blue
Old New Borrowed and Blue is the fourth studio album by the British rock group Slade. It was released on 15 February 1974 and reached No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart. It has been certified Gold by BPI. The album was produced by Chas Chandler. For the album, Slade attempted to begin breaking away from their usual rock formula. For example, the singles "My Friend Stan" and "Everyday" were piano-led and did not have the typical "Slade" sound.

In the US, the album was released by the Warner Bros. label under the title Stomp Your Hands, Clap Your Feet, minus the tracks "My Town" and "My Friend Stan" (as they had been previously released there on Sladest).

Don Powell
Donald George Powell (born 10 September 1946) is an English musician who was the drummer for glam rock and later hard rock group Slade for over fifty years, from 1966 until he was dismissed by Dave Hill in 2020.
2011 A Championship
The 2011 A Championship was the fourth and final season of the A Championship in Ireland. The season was sponsored by Newstalk. The league featured 16 teams. Derry City A were the champions, while UCD A finished as runners up.

University College Dublin A.F.C.
University College Dublin Association Football Club, known commonly as UCD, is the football team of University College Dublin. They play in the League of Ireland First Division. Founded in 1895, the club was elected to the League of Ireland in 1979 under the management of Dr. Tony O'Neill. Since the 2008 season they have played at the UCD Bowl, also home to the college's rugby team. 'The Students' play in bright sky blue and navy. Their reserve and freshers teams play in the Leinster Senior League. The current manager is Donegal native William O'Connor.
Granular computing
Granular computing is an emerging computing paradigm of information processing that concerns the processing of complex information entities called "information granules", which arise in the process of data abstraction and derivation of knowledge from information or data.  Generally speaking, information granules are collections of entities that usually originate at the numeric level and are arranged together due to their similarity, functional or physical adjacency, indistinguishability, coherency, or the like.

At present, granular computing is more a theoretical perspective than a coherent set of methods or principles.  As a theoretical perspective, it encourages an approach to data that recognizes and exploits the knowledge present in data at various levels of resolution or scales.  In this sense, it encompasses all methods which provide flexibility and adaptability in the resolution at which knowledge or information is extracted and represented.

Data processing
Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. Data processing is a form of information processing, which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.
Luns
Joseph Luns (1911 - 2002), a Dutch diplomat, politician and fifth Secretary General of the NATO.

Huib Luns (1881 - 1942), a Dutch artist and author, father of Joseph Luns

Logical Unit Number is the identifier of a SCSI logical unit.

Logical unit number
In computer storage, a logical unit number (LUN) is a number used to identify a logical unit, which is a device addressed by the SCSI protocol or by storage area network (SAN) protocols that encapsulate SCSI, such as Fibre Channel (FC) or iSCSI.

A LUN may be used with any device which supports read/write operations, such as a tape drive, but is most often used to refer to a logical disk as created on a SAN.  Though not technically correct, the term "LUN" is often also used to refer to the logical disk itself.
Diversinitidae
Diversinitidae are an extinct family of Chalcid wasps. Three genera are known, all from the early Cenomanian aged Burmese amber. They are distinguished by the presence of multiporous plate sensilla on the first flagellomere in both sexes. They are among the most basal and earliest known members of Chalcidoidea.

Sensillum
A sensillum (plural sensilla) is an arthropod sensory organ protruding from the cuticle of exoskeleton, or sometimes lying within or beneath it. Sensilla appear as small hairs or pegs over an individual's body. Inside each sensillum there are two to four sensory neurons. These neurons, or receptors, gather information about environment the arthropod is in:

Chemoreceptors (i.e.  trichoid, basionic, coeloconic, placodea)

Mechanoreceptors (e.g.: bristle sensilla, campaniform sensilla, hair plates, chordotonal neurons)

Thermoreceptors

Hygroreceptors

Most sensilla are specially shaped according to the type of information they are gathering.

In spiders, slit sensilla are used to detect substrate vibrations, while trichobothria are used to detect air-borne vibrations.
Joseph B. Starker
Brigadier General Joseph B. Starker (29 January 1929 – 19 July 1975) was a United States Army aviator who served in the conflicts in Korea and Vietnam. He commanded the 11th Combat Aviation Battalion, 17th Aviation Group, and Combat Developments Experimentation Command. He was struck and killed by a drunk driver while serving as the Assistant Division Commander, 1st Cavalry Division.

17th Aviation Brigade (United States)
The 17th Aviation Brigade was a military formation of the United States Army. It was originally activated at Nha Trang, Vietnam, as the 17th Aviation Group (Combat) on 15 December 1965 under the 1st Aviation Brigade. Later it moved to Tuy Hoa in November 1970 and then to Pleiku in January 1972. The group had the mission of commanding and controlling all non-divisional assets in II Corps Tactical Zone, under I Field Force. The 10th, 14th, 52d, 223rd and 268th Aviation Battalions as well as the 7th Squadron, 17th Cavalry served with the group.
Dan Petrașincu
Dan Petrașincu (Romanian: [ˈdan petraˈʃiŋku]; born Angelo Moretta, Italian: [ˈandʒelo moˈretta]; 2 June 1910 – 1997) was an Italian-Romanian anthropologist, writer and translator.

He was born in Odessa from an Italian father and a Romanian mother. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, when he was ten years old, the family fled to Romania, where he went to high school in Râmnicu Sărat and Bucharest.

He worked as a copy-editor for "Rampa”, "Adevărul”, "Reporter”, "Lumea românească”, "România literară”.

Together with Mihai Șerban and Ieronim Sârbu he published the magazine "Discobolul" (1932-1933).

He translated from Victor Hugo, Gaston Baty, Wanda Wasilewska, etc.

After 1950 he lived in Italy, and died in Rome in 1997.

Râmnicu Sărat
Râmnicu Sărat (also spelled Rîmnicu Sărat, Romanian pronunciation: [ˌrɨmniku səˈrat], German: Rümnick or Rebnick; Turkish: Remnik) is a city in Buzău County, Romania, in the historical region of Muntenia. It was first attested in a document of 1439, and raised to the rank of municipiu in 1994.

The city rises from a marshy plain, east of the Carpathian Mountains, and west of the cornlands of southern Moldavia. It lies on the left bank of the river Râmnicul Sărat. Salt and petroleum are worked in the mountains, and there is a considerable trade in agricultural produce and preserved meat.
Portrait of Alexandra of Denmark (Fildes)
Portrait of Alexandra of Denmark is an 1893-94 portrait painting by the British artist Sir Luke Fildes. Over the course of his career, Fildes became a popular artist and by 1870 he had given up working for The Graphic and had turned his full attention to oil painting.

This portrait depicts Alexandra of Denmark, then Princess of Wales, with her dog Facey. It was commissioned by members of the Royal Household as a wedding gift to Alexandra's son, Prince George, Duke of York (later George V). In 1920, another version of the portrait was presented to the National Portrait Gallery by George V, which depicts Alexandra with her Japanese Chin, called Punch. Fildes had later produced the coronation portraits of Edward VII and Alexandra.

Princess of Wales
Princess of Wales (Welsh: Tywysoges Cymru; Latin: Principissa Cambriae/Walliae) is a title used since the 14th century by the wife of the Prince of Wales. The Princess is the apparent future queen consort, as "Prince of Wales" is a title reserved by custom for the heir apparent to the British throne, and earlier the English throne. The current title-holder is Catherine (née Middleton).

When the title was first recorded it was not connected to the English throne; it developed in an independent Wales when it was held by Eleanor de Montfort, wife of the native Prince of Wales Llywelyn ap Gruffydd.
Mohammad Main Ullah Chowdhury
Mohammad Main Ullah Chowdhury  is a retired two star officer of Bangladesh Army and former force Commander of the United Nations Mission for Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO). In the same mission, he served as deputy force commander, United Nations Mission in South Sudan. Prior to join UNMISS, he served as general officer commanding of two infantry divisions.

General officer commanding
General officer commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries (and some other nations, such as Ireland) to a general officer who holds a command appointment.

Thus, a general might be the GOC British II Corps (a three-star appointment) or GOC British 7th Armoured Division (a two-star appointment).
Quartodecimanism
Quartodecimanism (from the Vulgate Latin quarta decima in Leviticus 23:5, meaning fourteenth) is the name given to the practice of commemorating the death of Christ on the day of Passover, the 14th of Nisan according to biblical dating, on whatever day of the week it occurs. The Quartodeciman controversy in the Church was the question of whether to celebrate Easter on Sunday (the first day of the week), or at the time of sacrifice of the Passover lamb.

Philip the Apostle
Philip the Apostle (Greek: Φίλιππος; Aramaic: ܦܝܠܝܦܘܣ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ, Philippos) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Carthage, Greece, Syria, and Asia-Minor.

In the Roman Rite, the feast day of Philip, along with that of James the Less, is traditionally observed on 1 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the church dedicated to them in Rome (now called the Church of the Twelve Apostles). In the short-lived calendar reform of 1960, it was transferred to 11 May, but since 1969 it has been assigned to 3 May. The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Philip's feast day on 14 November.
Ralph Clarke (mayor)
Ralph Clark (died 1660) was an English tanner, notable for being the first Mayor of Chesterfield.

Clark came from the prominent Clark family of Chesterfield and was elected to the post of Mayor on 21 April, 1598 following the Elizabethan charter issued that same year, which granted the town the right to elect a mayor.

In 1641 when Poll tax was paid, Ralph paid the highest amount in the town.

At the time of his death in 1660, he was living in Cutthorpe, outside of Chesterfield.

Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Chesterfield is a market and industrial town in the county of Derbyshire, England. It is 24 miles (39 km) north of Derby and 11 miles (18 km) south of Sheffield at the confluence of the Rivers Rother and Hipper. In 2011, the built-up-area subdivision had a population of 88,483, making it the second-largest settlement in Derbyshire, after Derby. The wider Borough of Chesterfield had a population of 103,569 in the 2021 Census. In 2021, the town itself had a population of 76,402.

It has been traced to a transitory Roman fort dated to approximately AD 80-100. The name of the later Anglo-Saxon village comes from the Old English ceaster (Roman fort) and feld (pasture). It has a sizeable street market three days a week. The town sits on an old coalfield, but little visual evidence of mining remains since the closure of the final town centre mine nicknamed “The Green Room”. The main landmark is the crooked spire of the Church of St Mary and All Saints.
9-slice scaling
9-slice scaling (also known as Scale 9 grid, 9-slicing or 9-patch) is a 2D image resizing technique to proportionally scale an image by splitting it in a grid of nine parts.

The key idea is to prevent image scaling distortion by protecting the pixels defined in 4 parts (corners) of the image and scaling or repeating the pixels in the other 5 parts.

A variation of the concept, the 3-slice scaling, consists in a grid of 3 parts in which only the pixels in 2 parts (the edges) are protected and the pixels on the middle part are repeated.

Image scaling
In computer graphics and digital imaging, image scaling is the resizing of a digital image. In video technology, the magnification of digital material is known as upscaling or resolution enhancement.

When scaling a vector graphic image, the graphic primitives that make up the image can be rendered using geometric transformations at any resolution with no loss of image quality. When scaling a raster graphics image, a new image with a higher or lower number of pixels must be generated. In the case of decreasing the pixel number (scaling down), this usually results in a visible quality loss. From the standpoint of digital signal processing, the scaling of raster graphics is a two-dimensional example of sample-rate conversion, the conversion of a discrete signal from a sampling rate (in this case, the local sampling rate) to another.