hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Aland
Robert Aland (24 December 1836 – 19 March 1904) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He represented the electorate of Drayton and Toowoomba from 1881 to 1893.

Warwick, Queensland
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a rural town and locality in southeast Queensland, Australia, lying 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-west of Brisbane. It is the administrative centre of the Southern Downs Region local government area. The surrounding Darling Downs have fostered a strong agricultural industry for which Warwick, together with the larger city of Toowoomba, serve as convenient service centres. In the 2021 census, the locality of Warwick had a population of 12,294 people.
Expando
Expando is the fifth studio album released by American musician Timothy B. Schmit. The album was released on October 20, 2009, on Lost Highway Records. It is Schmit's first studio album since 2001's Feed the Fire.

Schmit wrote all the songs himself and recorded them in his home studio.

Graham Nash
Graham William Nash OBE (born 2 February 1942) is a British and American musician, singer and songwriter. He is known for his light tenor voice and for his contributions as a member of the Hollies and Crosby, Stills & Nash.

Nash is a photography collector, a published photographer, and digital image printing pioneer. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1997 and as a member of the Hollies in 2010. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours List for services to music and to charity.

Nash holds four honorary doctorates, including one from the New York Institute of Technology, one in music from the University of Salford in 2011 and one in fine arts from Lesley University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Plaquemine High School
Plaquemine High School is a public high school located at 59595 Belleview Drive in unincorporated Iberville Parish, Louisiana, United States, south of the City of Plaquemine. It serves grades from seven to twelve and is administered by the Iberville Parish School Board.

As of 2015, it is the sole remaining traditional high school in Iberville Parish.

Iberville Parish, Louisiana
Iberville Parish (French: Paroisse d'Iberville) is a parish located south of Baton Rouge in the U.S. state of Louisiana, formed in 1807. The parish seat is Plaquemine. The population was 30,241 at the 2020 census.
John McCormick (British politician)
John Kennedy McCormick (1887 or 1888–  20 August 1958) was a unionist politician in Northern Ireland.
McCormick, from  Donard View, Donaghcloney, worked as a company director and joined the Ulster Unionist Party.  Despite having no previous political experience, he was elected to the Senate of Northern Ireland in 1947, filling in the vacancy caused by the death of William Sinclair Kingan in late 1946. He served until his death in 1958.

Senate of Northern Ireland
The Senate of Northern Ireland was the upper house of the Parliament of Northern Ireland created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. It was abolished with the passing of the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.
AQUA Stadium
AQUA Stadion is a multi-use stadium in Turčianske Teplice, Slovakia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of ŠK Aqua Turčianske Teplice. The stadium holds 2,000 people. In the 2006–07 season, the stadium hosted matches of the Slovak Second League with the participation of this team. In 2011, the club was dissolved due to financial problems.

Turčianske Teplice
Turčianske Teplice (German: Bad Stuben; Hungarian: Stubnyafürdő) is a town in central Slovakia in the Žilina Region. It is about halfway between Martin and Kremnica. The town's population is around 6,500. The town was the historic center of the Upper Turiec subregion within the Turiec region (comitatus), and now enjoys the status of a capital of the Turčianske Teplice District.
ORG-26576
ORG-26576 is an ampakine originally developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals and then licensed to Organon International for development. In animal studies it has been shown to effectively potentiate AMPA receptor function, leading to increased BDNF release and enhanced neuronal differentiation and survival, as well as producing nootropic effects in standardised assays. Development as an antidepressant has been halted due to a failed Phase II trial for major depressive disorder.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
Netherthorpe Airfield
Netherthorpe Aerodrome (ICAO: EGNF) is located 2 NM (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west by north of Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England. The aerodrome is in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham close to the village of Thorpe Salvin.

Netherthorpe Aerodrome is part of a local landowner's estate. The aerodrome is operated by Sheffield Aero Club which has three hangars, numbers 1 to 3. Other aircraft, including the club's training aircraft, are parked outside. Aircraft maintenance is available from Dukeries Aviation Ltd, which operates from the single maintenance hangar. Netherthorpe Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P601) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Sheffield Aero Club Limited).

Worksop
Worksop (/ˈwɜːrksɒp/ WURK-sop) is a market town in the Bassetlaw District in Nottinghamshire, England. Located close to Nottinghamshire's borders with South Yorkshire and Derbyshire, it is on the River Ryton and not far from the northern edge of Sherwood Forest. The population of the town was recorded at 44,733 in the 2021 Census. To the south of Worksop is the area of the Dukeries.
Tatyana Heard
Tatyana Aleese Heard (born 14 January 1995) is an Italian-born English rugby union player. She is a member of the England women's national rugby union team and plays for Gloucester-Hartpury in the PWR.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
Giacometti (horse)
Giacometti (1971 – after 1985) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In 1974 he became the fourth horse since the Second World War to be placed in all three legs of the British Triple Crown. Regarded by his stable as a potential "world beater", he was unbeaten as a two-year-old, winning his first race by at least twelve lengths and then taking the Gimcrack Stakes and the Champagne Stakes. As a three-year-old he finished second in the 2000 Guineas, third in The Derby and second in the St Leger before winning the Champion Stakes. After two defeats in 1975 he was retired to stud in the United States where he made very little impact as a breeding stallion.

Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular, each having their own Triple Crown series.
Welsford
Welsford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Enid Welsford (1892–1981), English literary scholar

Henry Welsford (1900–1974), American rower

Malcolm Welsford, New Zealand record producer

Sam Welsford (born 1996), Australian racing cyclist

Tim Welsford (born 1982), Australian cricketer

Enid Welsford
Enid Elder Hancock Welsford (26 February 1892, Harrow on the Hill – 4 December 1981, Cambridge) was an English literary scholar, a Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge, and twice winner of the Rose Mary Crawshay Prize – in 1928 and 1967. She is best known for her book The Fool: his Social and Literary History, published in 1935.
Keisuke Itagaki
Hiroyuki Itagaki (Japanese: 板垣 博之, Hepburn: Itagaki Hiroyuki; born April 4, 1957), better known by the pen name Keisuke Itagaki (板垣 恵介, Itagaki Keisuke), is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for his martial arts series Baki the Grappler (1991–1999) and its many sequels, which together have sold over 100 million copies, making it one of the best-selling manga series in history. Itagaki lives in Fuchū, Tokyo, and has been a Musashi Province Fuchū Ambassador since 2014. He is the father of fellow manga artist Paru Itagaki.

Fuchū, Tokyo
Fuchū (府中市, Fuchū-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Fuchū serves as a regional commercial center and a commuter town for workers in central Tokyo. The city hosts large scale manufacturing facilities for Toshiba, NEC and Suntory, as well as the Bank of Japan's main computer operations center. Local sporting attractions include the Tokyo Racecourse and the training grounds of Top League rugby teams Toshiba Brave Lupus and Suntory Sungoliath.

As of 1 August 2025, the city had an estimated population of 264,534, and a population density of 8,989 persons per square kilometer. The total area of the city is 29.43 square kilometres (11.36 sq mi).
Ural Swedes
The Ural Swedes, (Swedish: uralsvenskar, Russian: Уральские шведы) were Yaik Cossacks (later Orenburg Cossacks) with Swedish ancestry, related to the large groups of Swedish prisoners of the Great Northern War (1700–1721).

Ural Cossacks
The Ural Cossack Host was a  cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks – those Eurasian cossacks settled by the Ural River. Their alternative name, Yaik Cossacks, comes from the old name of the river.

They were also known by the names:

Russian: Ура́льские каза́ки (ура́льцы) (Uralskiye kazaki (uraltsy)); Ура́льское каза́чье во́йско (Uralskiye kazachye voisko), Яи́цкое каза́чье во́йско (Yaitskoye kazachye voisko)

Bashkir: Урал казактары (уралец) (Ural kazktaryo (uralets)); Урал казак ғәскәре (Ural kazak ğəskərye), Яйыҡ казак ғәскәре (Yiyok kazak ğəskərye)
Vito De Filippo
Vito De Filippo (born 27 August 1963) is an Italian politician. He served as the president of Basilicata from 6 May 2005 until his resignation on 24 April 2013 during his second term. From 2014 to 2018, he served as the state undersecretary of the Ministry of Health and undersecretary of the Ministry of Education in Matteo Renzi and Enrico Letta's governments, respectively, and was a deputy from 2018 to 2022. In 2022, his senatorial candidacy was unsuccessful.

Ministry of Health (Italy)
The Ministry of Health (Italian: Ministero della Salute) is a governmental agency of Italy. Its headquarters are in Rome and is led by the Italian Minister of Health.

The Ministry developed the Italian Food Pyramid (Piramide Alimentare Italiana) to guide food and meal planning. The divisions show healthy intake of water, fruits and vegetables, starches (bread, biscotti, pasta, etc.), protein (meat, cold cut meats, eggs, fish, etc.), milk and dairy, and occasional uses (oils, sweets, and alcohol). The pyramid is intended to represent the variety of foods eaten over an entire week, averaged into daily portions.

An example of their legislation is the Italian Device Registration to meet (and exceed) the EEC's Medical Devices Directive.
Barrett's Plantation House
Barrett's Plantation House is a historic home and bed and breakfast at 203 Old Kings Highway in Mannington Township, New Jersey.

The original portion of the home was built in 1735 which includes a sitting room and dining room on the first floor, two guest rooms — the Dickinson Suite and the Morris Suite—on the second floor and the garret on the third floor. A kitchen was built onto the rear of the original structure in the mid-1800s, then the back section, consisting of a modern kitchen and owner's suite on the upper floor was built in 1991.

Bed and breakfast
A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.

Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.
Wiener Demokratischer Frauenverein
The Wiener Demokratischer Frauenverein (Viennese Democratic Women's Association) was the first political association of women in Austria.
It was founded by Karoline von Perin-Gradenstein during the Revolution of 1848, but dissolved immediately after the suppression of the revolution.

Goals of the association were the achievement of equality for women through education, as well as giving humanitarian aid to the victims of the revolutionary fighting. Men were allowed to participate in meetings under certain circumstances, but only women could become full members with voting rights.

After its forced dissolution, its former members were accused of having been "daughter's of joy" (German: Freudenmädchen); an allegation that was known to have been a politically-motivated lie to contemporaries.

Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire took place from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Austrian Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Bohemians (Czechs), Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Slovenes, Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, Italians, and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity.

Besides these nationalists, liberal and socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism.
Real News Update
Real News Update was a weekly webcast that lasted from July 30, 2017, to March 15, 2020, to support the Presidency of Donald Trump and his 2020 presidential campaign. The show was available on Donald Trump's Facebook, Twitter and YouTube accounts and was hosted by Donald Trump's daughter-in-law, Lara Trump, wife of Eric Trump. It was presented in the form of a short newscast lasting from one to five minutes and delivered updates on the accomplishments of the Presidency of Donald Trump.

Webcast
A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webcasting is "broadcasting" over the Internet. While a "podcast" is usually pre-recorded, a webcast is usually live and possibly interactive.

The largest "webcasters" include existing radio and TV stations, who "simulcast" their output through online TV or online radio streaming, as well as a multitude of Internet-only "stations". Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific "webcasting licenses" to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material.
2023 Stoke-on-Trent City Council election
The 2023 Stoke-on-Trent City Council election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect members of Stoke-on-Trent City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. New ward boundaries took effect for this election, although the number of councillors stayed the same at 44.

Prior to the election the council was under no overall control, being led by a Conservative minority administration. Labour took a majority of the seats at the election. Labour group leader Jane Ashworth was appointed leader of the council at the subsequent annual council meeting on 25 May 2023.

Stoke-on-Trent is a city made up of six towns. These include Tunstall and Burslem in the North, Hanley and Stoke in its Central and Fenton and Longton in the South.

Fenton, Staffordshire
Fenton is a town in Stoke-on-Trent, in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire, England. It is one of the six towns that amalgamated with Hanley, Tunstall, Burslem, Longton and Stoke-upon-Trent to form the county borough of Stoke-on-Trent in 1910, later raised to city status in 1925. Fenton is often referred to as "the Forgotten Town", because it was omitted by local author, Arnold Bennett, from many of his works based in the area, including one of his most famous novels, Anna of the Five Towns.
Richard Saltonstall
Sir Richard Saltonstall (baptised, 4 April 1586 – October 1661) led a group of English settlers up the Charles River to settle in what is now Watertown, Massachusetts in 1630.

He was a nephew of the Lord Mayor of London Richard Saltonstall (1517–1600), and was admitted pensioner at Clare College, Cambridge, in 1603. Before leaving England for North America, he served as a Justice of the Peace for the West Riding of Yorkshire and was Lord of the Manor of Ledsham, which he got from the Harebreds and later sold to the Earl of Strafford.

Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (13 April 1593 (N.S.) – 12 May 1641), was an English statesman and a major figure in the period leading up to the English Civil War. He served in Parliament and was a supporter of King Charles I. From 1632 to 1640 he was Lord Deputy of Ireland, where he established a strong authoritarian rule. Recalled to England, he became a leading advisor to the King, attempting to strengthen the royal position against Parliament. When Parliament condemned Lord Strafford to death, Charles reluctantly signed the death warrant and Strafford was executed. He had been advanced several times in the Peerage of England during his career, being created 1st Baron Wentworth in 1628, 1st Viscount Wentworth in late 1628 or early 1629, and, finally, 1st Earl of Strafford in January 1640. He was known as Sir Thomas Wentworth, 2nd Baronet, between 1614 and 1628.
Madecassic acid
Madecassic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that occurs naturally in several plant species. Madecassic acid is a member of the ursane-type triterpenoids and is structurally similar to Asiatic acid, differing by the presence of a hydroxyl group at the C-2 position.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Ludwika Maria Rzewuska
Ludwika Maria Róża Rzewuska (1744–1816) was a Polish noblewoman (szlachcianka) and writer.

She was the youngest daughter of Wacław Rzewuski and Anna Lubomirska. On 1 January 1766, she married Jan Mikołaj Chodkiewicz in Podhorce (Pidhirtsi).

She wrote instructions concerning the care, education and safety of her children, which are important sources. These instructions were discussed in academic literature.

In 1806, she bought Jampol from Dominik Zasławski.

Yampil, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Yampil or Yampol (Ukrainian: Ямпіль; Russian: Ямполь; Yiddish: יאמפאלא; Old Polish: Jampol) is a rural settlement in Shepetivka Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located 25 miles southeast of Kremenets. Yampil hosts the administration of Yampil settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,815 (2022 estimate). The city is along the Highway H02.
Chapman Field (Miami)
Chapman Field (officially the Subtropical Horticulture Research Station) is a horticulture and agronomy research facility of the Agricultural Research Service, a division of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), located in  Miami, Florida. Dating from 1898, it is one of the oldest entities in South Florida. The USDA also refers to it as the Miami Station.

The introduction of economically useful plants into the US is a three-step process: (1) explorers find the plants in foreign countries; (2) the plants are sent back to a USDA introduction garden where they are evaluated; (3) successful plants are distributed to farmers and nurserymen.  Chapman Field is the original introduction garden for tropical plants.

Over 20,000 plant introductions have been registered at the Miami station since its establishment. Emphasis has been on rubber, cacao, coffee, mango, palm, avocado, lychee, and other plants.

Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day. The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland. For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion. For 2023, the budget grew to $1.9 billion.
The American Journal of Surgery
The American Journal of Surgery is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier on behalf of 6 major surgical societies:

The Southwestern Surgical Congress

The North Pacific Surgical Association

The Association for Surgical Education

Association of Women Surgeons

Midwest Surgical Association

The Society of Black Academic Surgeons (SBAS)

Elsevier's former sister company Cahners Publishing acquired The American Journal of Surgery's publisher Technical Publishing in 1986.

The journal publishes articles describing original research on abdominal, cancer, vascular, head and neck, breast, and colorectal surgeries.

According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 2.403. The journal's editor in chief is Kirby I. Bland of the University of Alabama.

Abdominal surgery
The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen (laparotomy).  Surgery of each abdominal organ is dealt with separately in connection with the description of that organ (see stomach, kidney, liver, etc.) Diseases affecting the abdominal cavity are dealt with generally under their own names.