hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe was an irreversible break with the natural philosophy that had preceded it, fundamentally changing how the natural world was investigated and understood. The New Science that emerged departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions, was more mechanistic in its worldview and more integrated with mathematics, and was focused on the acquisition and interpretation of new evidence.

The Scientific Revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and modern science. While the period is frequently said to have begun in 1543 with the printings of De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius and De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) by Nicolaus Copernicus, the SN 1572 supernova has also been suggested as its beginning. The period culminated with the publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Isaac Newton.

Periodization
In historiography, periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified, and named blocks of time for the purpose of study or analysis. This is usually done to understand current and historical processes, and the causality that might have linked those events.

Periodizations can provide a convenient segmentation of time, wherein events within the period might consist of relatively similar characteristics. However, determining the precise beginning and ending of any 'period' is often arbitrary, since it has changed over time and over the course of history. Systems of periodization are more or less arbitrary, yet it provides a framework to help us understand them. Periodizing labels are continually challenged and redefined, but once established, period "brands" are so convenient that many are hard to change.
Yenikaş
Yenikaş is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Aydıncık, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,016 (2022). It is a coastal village on state highway D.400.  Distance to Aydıncık is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) and to Mersin is 174 kilometres (108 mi). According to Sir Francis Beaufort, the village was situated in an ancient settlement named Melanie by Strabo, but modern scholarship points to the site being that of Myus. The village was founded by once nomadic Karakeçili tribe of Turkmens.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Dominic von Habsburg
Dominic von Habsburg (born 4 July 1937) is a member of the Grand Ducal Family of Tuscany and the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Dominic was born in 1937 at Sonnberg Castle (near Hollabrunn, Austria), where he was baptized Dominic Habsburg-Lothringen. In the family, he is nicknamed "Niki". In 1942, after spending the first few years of his childhood at Sonnberg Castle, he moved with his parents, his brother and his four sisters to Romania. There, Dominic resided with his family at Bran Castle in Braşov. After his first cousin, King Michael I of Romania, was forced to abdicate the throne in 1947, Dominic and his family were exiled by the Communist regime and sought refuge in Switzerland and Argentina before ultimately settling in the United States.

Hollabrunn
Hollabrunn (German pronunciation: [hɔlaˈbʁʊn] ⓘ) is a district capital town in the Austrian state of Lower Austria, on the Göllersbach river. It is situated in the heart of the biggest wine region of Austria, the Weinviertel.
Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula International Airport
Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula International Airport (IATA: LVI, ICAO: FLHN), formerly Livingstone Airport (ICAO: FLLI), is an international airport on the northern edge of Livingstone, Zambia. The airport is named after Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula, who was a leader of the Zambian African National Congress.

Harry Nkumbula
Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula (15 January 1916 – 8 October 1983) was a Zambian nationalist leader involved in the movement for the independence of Northern Rhodesia, as Zambia was known until the end of British rule in 1964. He was born in the village of Maala in the Namwala district of Zambia's southern province. He was the youngest of three children and the only son.
2024 Torneig Internacional de Tennis Femení Solgironès – Singles
María Lourdes Carlé defeated Rebeka Masarova in the final, 3–6, 6–1, 6–2.  to win the singles title at the 2024 Torneig Internacional de Tennis Femení Solgironès.

Arantxa Rus was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.

María Lourdes Carlé
María Lourdes Carlé (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾja ˈluɾðes kaɾˈle]; born 10 February 2000) is an Argentine professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 71, achieved on 6 May 2024, and a best doubles ranking of 124, achieved on 11 November 2024.

Carlé has won one singles and three doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. On the ITF Circuit, she has won thirteen singles and five doubles titles thus far.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Carlé had a career-high ranking of No. 9, achieved in November 2017. She played one season of college tennis for the Georgia Bulldogs in the United States in 2018–19, helping the team win the Southeastern Conference (SEC) regular season title, and was named to the All-SEC second team and SEC All-Freshman team.

Playing for Argentina in Billie Jean King Cup, Carlé has a win–loss record of 8–4 (as of May 2025).
Podolí Swimming Stadium
Podolí Swimming Stadium (in Czech: Plavecký stadion Podolí) is a swimming centre in Prague, Czech Republic, which is located on the right side of Vltava river in Podolí neighborhood. It contains two 50 meter-long pools (outside and inside), 33 meter pool for water polo, spa or other facilities including seating for 5000 spectators. It was built between 1959 and 1965 on the site of a former mine. Design of the complex, symbolizing a big water wave, was created by a Czech architect Richard Podzemný.

The complex had an average of around 2500 visitors daily in 2015.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
African Para-Badminton Championships
The African Para-Badminton Championships is a tournament organized by the Para Badminton World Federation (PBWF) which has now merged with the BWF. This tournament is hosted to crown the best para-badminton players in Africa.

The inaugural edition of the tournament was hosted in Kampala, Uganda in 2018.

Para-badminton
Para-badminton is a variant of badminton for athletes with a range of physical disabilities. Badminton World Federation (BWF) is the main governing body for para-badminton starting from June 2011. The sport was governed by Para Badminton World Federation (PBWF) until a unanimous decision to join BWF during a meeting in Dortmund in June 2011.In the wheelchair singles and SL3 classes a half court is used for play, with the area in front of the service line, near to the net, out of bounds. A full court is used for the SL4, SU5 and SH6 classes and all doubles matches. The height of the net is the same for all classes.
Carl Rydquist
Carl Rydquist is a Swedish-American eight-time auto racing champion (FIA, Trans-Am), a SAG-AFTRA on-camera stunt and precision driver and a Nurburgring Industry Pool driver. Rydquist beat more than 1,100 racers in a go-kart challenge created by Eurosport to promote their Super Racing Weekend FIA GT and ETCC sports coverage.

Rydquist won the Zandvoort 500 during the 2005 Dutch Winter Championship, making him the first of only three Swedish drivers to ever win this race, following three successful seasons in the Swedish Endurance Racing Cup which earned him two GT-class titles (2001 and 2004).

European Touring Car Championship
The European Touring Car Championship was an international touring car racing series organised by the FIA. It had two incarnations, the first one between 1963 and 1988, and the second between 2000 and 2004. In 2005 it was superseded by the World Touring Car Championship, and replaced by the European Touring Car Cup between 2005 and 2017 when became also defunct.
Annulipalpia
The Annulipalpia, also known as the "fixed-retreat makers", are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. The name of the suborder refers to the flexible terminal segment of the adult maxillary palps, which often has many tiny rings.

The larvae construct fixed retreats in freshwater aquatic environments in which they remain stationary, waiting for food to come to them. Members of the Psychomyiidae, Ecnomidae and Xiphocentronidae families construct simple tubes of sand and other particles held together by silk and anchored to the bottom, and feed on the accumulations of silt formed when suspended material is deposited on the substrate. Some of the families are unique in spinning silken nets for filter feeding.

Xiphocentronidae
The Xiphocentronidae are a family of caddisflies. It has previously been treated as a subfamily of Psychomyiidae, and has a broad distribution, including parts of Asia, Central Africa and the Americas. It contains nine genera, in three subfamilies: Since the subgenus Cnodocentron (Caenocentron) was elevated to genus level; and the Cretaceous fossil genus Palerasnitsynus was moved from Psychomyiidae to a new subfamily within Xiphocentronidae.

† Palerasnitsyninae Wichard, 2023

Palerasnitsynus Wichard, Ross & Ross, 2011

Proxiphocentroninae Schmid, 1982

Proxiphocentron Schmid, 1982

Xiphocentroninae Ross, 1949

Abaria Mosely, 1948

Caenocentron Schmid, 1982

Cnodocentron Schmid, 1982

Drepanocentron Schmid, 1982

Machairocentron Schmid, 1982

Melanotrichia Ulmer, 1906

Xiphocentron Brauer, 1870
A Young Doctor's Notebook
A Young Doctor's Notebook (Russian: «Записки юного врача» Zapiski yunogo vracha, literally, "A Young Doctor's Notes"), also known as A Country Doctor's Notebook, is a short story cycle by the Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov. The stories, written in 1925–1926, are inspired by Bulgakov's experiences as a newly graduated young doctor in 1916–18, practicing in a small village hospital in Smolensk Governorate in revolutionary Russia. The stories initially appeared in Russian medical journals of the period and were later compiled by scholars into book form.

The first English translation was done by Michael Glenny and was published by Harvill Press in 1975. A more recent translation (2011) has been done by Hugh Aplin under the Oneworld Classics imprint. The title of the Aplin translation is A Young Doctor's Notebook.

Michael Glenny
The majority of material in this article has been sourced from the Dictionary of National Biography.

Michael Valentine Guybon Glenny (26 September 1927, London – 1 August 1990, Moscow) was a British lecturer in Russian studies and a translator of Russian literature into English.
Jasmila Žbanić
Jasmila Žbanić (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Јасмила Жбанић, Bosnian pronunciation: [jasmǐla ʒbǎːnitɕ]; born 19 December 1974) is a Bosnian film director, screenwriter and producer. She has received numerous accolades, including nominations for the Academy Award and two BAFTA Awards. Žbanić has also won the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival and has been nominated for the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.

She is known for writing and directing the 2020 war drama film Quo Vadis, Aida?, which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language and the BAFTA Award for Best Direction.

Golden Lion
The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is widely regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes. In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice. In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.
Hoàng Cao Khải
Hoàng Cao Khải (Vietnamese: [hwâːŋ kāːw xa᷉ːj], 黃高啟; 1850, in Đức Thọ District – 1933) was a viceroy of Tonkin (locally known as Bắc Kỳ), the northernmost of the three parts of Vietnam under French colonial rule. He is best known for his role in helping the French authorities to hunt down Phan Đình Phùng, the leading Vietnamese revolutionary of the time.

Tonkin
Tonkin (Chinese: 東京), also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is an exonym referring to the area surrounding the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain of Đàng Ngoài, under the control of the Trịnh lords, encompassing both the Northern and Thanh–Nghệ regions, north of the Gianh River at the 17.7th parallel. From 1884 to early 1945, the term referred to the French protectorate of Tonkin, which comprised only the Northern region, approximately north of the 20th parallel.
Tamás Lőrincz
Tamás Lőrincz (born 20 December 1986) is a Hungarian wrestler. He won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Greco-Roman 66 kg event and a gold medal in the men's 77 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan.

Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 77 kg
The men's Greco-Roman 77 kilograms competition at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, took place on 2–3 August 2021 at the Makuhari Messe in Mihama-ku.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.
Muskeg Lake 102D
Muskeg Lake 102D is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is about 43 kilometres (27 mi) south-west of Shellbrook. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.

Muskeg Lake Cree Nation
The Muskeg Lake Cree Nation (Cree: ᒪᐢᑫᑯ ᓵᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ, maskêko-sâkahikan) is a Cree First Nation band government in Marcelin, Saskatchewan, Canada.

The Muskeg Lake Cree Nation is affiliated with the Saskatoon Tribal Council, along with six other First Nations.

Noted people from this reserve include World War II servicewoman Mary Greyeyes, the first indigenous woman to join the Canadian Forces,, and Cheryle Chagnon-Greyeyes.
Kevin Lewis (footballer, born 1940)
Kevin Lewis (born 19 September 1940 in Ellesmere Port) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger in the Football League for Sheffield United, Liverpool and Huddersfield Town.

Lewis was signed by Liverpool in 1960, and was the club's top scorer in the 1960–61 season.

He also played for Wigan Athletic in the Cheshire League, scoring three goals in eight games.

Ellesmere Port
Ellesmere Port (/ˈɛlzmɪər/ ELZ-meer) is an industrial port town in the Cheshire West and Chester borough in Cheshire, England. Ellesmere Port is on the south-eastern edge of the Wirral Peninsula, six miles (ten kilometres) north of Chester, although not part of the Wirral  administratively or Merseyside. It is on the bank of the Manchester Ship Canal. In the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 65,430.

The town was originally established on the River Mersey at the entrance to the Ellesmere Canal.  As well as a service sector economy, it has retained large industries including Stanlow oil refinery, a chemical works and the Vauxhall Motors car factory. There are also a number of tourist attractions including the National Waterways Museum, the Blue Planet Aquarium and Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet.
1987 Cheltenham Borough Council election
The 1987 Cheltenham Council election took place on 7 May 1987 to elect members of Cheltenham Borough Council in Gloucestershire, England. One third of the council was up for election. The Conservatives made gains and became the largest party, but the council stayed in no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 15

SDP–Liberal Alliance 14

Labour 2

Residents Associations 2

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.
Miguel Jerónimo Gutiérrez
Miguel Jerónimo Gutiérrez (June 15, 1822 – April 19, 1871) was a Cuban revolutionary, politician, and military officer who played a significant role in the Ten Years' War (1868) and served as the Vice President of the Chamber of Representatives of the Republic in Arms in 1869.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Yuri Arzumanyan
Yuri Lazarevich Arzumanyan (Russian: Юрий Лазаревич Арзуманян, IPA: [Jˈuːɹi Lˈæzɛ͡ɹvˌɪt͡ʃ ˌAː͡ɹzjuːmˈænjən]; born 9 September 1952) is a Soviet and Russian spacecraft engineer known for his prominent role in developing launch vehicle systems and promoting international space collaborations.

KB Pivdenne
The Pivdenne Design Office (Ukrainian: Державне конструкторське бюро «Південне» ім. М. К. Янгеля, abbr. Державне КБП, romanized: Derzhavne konstruktorske biuro "Pivdenne" im. M. K. Yanhelia, abbr. Derzhavne KB Pivdenne, lit. 'State design bureau "Southern", named after M. K. Yangel'), located in Dnipro, Ukraine, is a designer of satellites and rockets, and formerly of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), established by Mikhail Yangel. During the Soviet era, the bureau's OKB designation was OKB-586.

The company is in close co-operation with the PA Pivdenmash multi-product machine-building company, also situated in Dnipro. Pivdenmash is the main manufacturer of the models developed by Pivdenne Design Office.
Joint Interrogation Cell
Joint Interrogation Cell is a secret interrogation cell in Bangladesh. It is located inside Kochukhet of Dhaka Cantonment. Joint Interrogation Cell and Taskforce for Interrogation Cell are two main cells that torture detainees in Bangladesh.

There is another Joint Interrogation Cell at the headquarters of the Criminal Investigation Department where Lutfozzaman Babar was interrogated.

Dhaka Cantonment
Dhaka Cantonment (Bengali: ঢাকা সেনানিবাস) is a cantonment located in the northern part of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The headquarters of the Bangladesh Army and Air Force are situated within the cantonment. The cantonment is located on the north-east end of Dhaka.
Birgerson
Birgerson is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with this name include:

Malin Birgerson (born 1968), Swedish actress

Magnus Birgerson (1300–1320), son and heir of Birger, King of Sweden

Jon Birgerson (12th-century), Archbishop of Nidaros, in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros, Norway

Hans Birgerson Wergeland (1861–1931), Norwegian politician

Eric Birgerson (14th-century), son of Birger, King of Sweden

Bengt Birgersson (1254–1291), Bishop and Duke of Finland

Bengt Birgersson
Bengt Birgersson (1254 – 25 May 1291) was the youngest son of Birger Jarl. He embarked on an ecclesiastical career, becoming the Archdeacon of Linköping in 1273, the Canon of Uppsala in 1275, and the Bishop of Linköping in 1286.  When open war broke out between his brothers, King Valdemar and Duke Magnus, Bengt sided with Magnus. After Magnus became King of Sweden in 1275, Bengt served as his chancellor. In 1284, he was granted the title of Duke of Finland.
Jean-Louis Tolot
Jean-Louis Tolot (born Montagnac-sur-Auvignon, 13 June 1957) is a former French rugby union player. He played as a prop.

He played all his career for SU Agen, from 1975/76 to 1992/93. He won the Top 14 in 1981/83. He was runners-up for three occasions, in 1983/85, 1985/86 and 1989/90. He won the Challenge Yves du Manoir in 1991/92.

He had only one cap for France, when he was called for the 1987 Rugby World Cup, playing in the 70–12 win over Zimbabwe, at Auckland, at 2 June 1987.

SU Agen Lot-et-Garonne
Sporting Union Agen Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [spɔʁtɪŋ ynjɔ̃ aʒɛ̃ lɔt e ɡaʁɔn]), commonly referred to as SU Agen, Agen (French pronunciation: [aʒɛ̃]) or SUALG, is a French professional rugby union club based in Agen, Lot-et-Garonne that competes in the Pro D2, France's second division of rugby.

Founded in 1908, Agen is one of the historic clubs in French rugby, having won the French Championship eight times. Its home ground is the Stade Armandie and traditional club colours are navy blue and white.

The club is renowned for its youth system and its academy structure.
William Cook House (Mebane, North Carolina)
William Cook House is a set of two historic homes located near Mebane, Alamance County, North Carolina. They are a one-story one-room log house, built about 1840, and a  two-story frame I-house built about 1903.  They are set close to and at a 90-degree angle to each other.  The houses are connected by joined·hip roofed porches, carried by plain square posts.  Also on the property are the contributing two-story, single-pen log barn, a log storage shed, a frame corn crib, and a substantial log wood shed.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Alamance County, North Carolina
Alamance County (/ˈæləmæns/ ⓘ) is a county in North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 171,415. Its county seat is Graham. Formed in 1849 from Orange County to the east, Alamance County has been the site of significant historical events, textile manufacturing, and agriculture.

Alamance County comprises the Burlington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,736,099 in 2023.
Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Graphic Novel/Comics
The Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Graphic Novel/Comics, established in 2009, is a category of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. Works are eligible during the year of their first US publication in English, though they may be written originally in languages other than English.

The Graphic Novel/Comics category was officially added to the awards roster for the 2009 cycle, reflecting the growing literary recognition of the medium. The inaugural winner in this category was David Mazzucchelli for his work, Asterios Polyp.

This prize is distinct in its eligibility criteria, often accepting books originally published in languages other than English, provided the US publication in English occurs within the eligibility year.

David Mazzucchelli
David John Mazzucchelli (/ˌmæzuːˈkɛli/; born September 21, 1960) is an American comics artist and writer, known for his work on seminal superhero comic book storylines Daredevil: Born Again and Batman: Year One, as well as for graphic novels in other genres, such as Asterios Polyp and City of Glass: The Graphic Novel. He is also an instructor who teaches comic book storytelling at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan.