hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visual flight
Visual flight or visual attitude flying is the control of an aircraft via outside references (such as the sky or the runway in takeoff). For aircraft, the primary visual reference used is usually the relationship between the aircraft's "nose" or cowling against the natural horizon. Regulations for visual flights are under a separate set of visual flight rules.

The pilot can maintain or change the airspeed, altitude, and direction of flight (heading) as well as the rate of climb or rate of descent and rate of turn (bank angle) through the use of the aircraft flight controls and aircraft engine controls to adjust the "sight picture". Some reference to flight instruments is usually necessary to determine exact airspeed, altitude, heading, bank angle and rate of climb/descent.

Heading (navigation)
In navigation, the heading of a vessel or aircraft is the compass direction in which the craft's bow or nose is pointed. Note that the heading may not necessarily be the direction that the vehicle actually travels, which is known as its course. Any difference between the heading and course is due to the motion of the underlying medium, the air or water, or other effects like skidding or slipping. The difference is known as the drift, and can be determined by the wind triangle. At least seven ways to measure the heading of a vehicle have been described.
Heading is typically based on cardinal directions, so 0° (or 360°) indicates a direction toward true north, 90° true east, 180° true south, and 270° true west.
2017–18 St. John's Red Storm women's basketball team
The 2017–18 St. John's Red Storm women's basketball team represented St. John's University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Red Storm, led by sixth-year head coach Joe Tartamella, played their games at Carnesecca Arena and were members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 19–15, 9–9 in Big East play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big East women's basketball tournament to Creighton. They received an automatic bid to the Women's National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Marist, Penn and Duquesne in the first, second and third rounds before losing to West Virginia in the quarterfinals.

2018 Big East women's basketball tournament
The 2018 Big East women's basketball tournament ended the 2017–18 season of Big East Conference women's basketball. The event was held March 3–6, 2018, at Wintrust Arena in Chicago. Big East regular-season co-champion and tournament host DePaul won the tournament and with it the Big East's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament.
Cold War Recognition Certificate
The Cold War Recognition Certificate was authorized by the United States Congress in 1997 to recognize "all members of the Armed Forces and qualified Federal government civilian personnel who faithfully and honorably served the United States during the Cold War Era from September 2, 1945, to December 26, 1991". The Department of Defense designated the Department of the Army as the executive agent for the Cold War Recognition Certificate Program.

United States federal civil service
The United States federal civil service is the civilian workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military public sector employees) of the United States federal government's departments and agencies. The federal civil service was established in 1871 (5 U.S.C. § 2101). U.S. state and local government entities often have comparable civil service systems that are modeled on the national system to varying degrees.

The U.S. civil service is managed by the Office of Personnel Management, which in December 2011 reported approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the federal government. This included employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches of government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch) and the over 600,000 employees of the U.S. Postal Service.
Bloomsbury (ward)
Bloomsbury is a ward in the London Borough of Camden, in the United Kingdom. It covers much of the historic area of Bloomsbury, and also some of Covent Garden and Fitzrovia.

The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections, although its boundaries have evolved significantly over time. Since 1983, the ward has been in the Holborn and St Pancras constituency, having previously been in Holborn and St Pancras South. It elects three councillors to Camden council, currently all held by the Labour Party, with an election every four years. In 2018, the ward had an electorate of 8,318. The Boundary Commission projects the electorate to rise to 8,541 by 2025.

1964 London local elections
The 1964 London local elections were held on 7 May 1964 alongside nationwide elections. They were the inaugural elections for the thirty-two London boroughs, which were created on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. All seats were up for election, with polling stations open between 08:00 and 21:00.

The result was a landslide for the Labour Party, who won twenty of the boroughs. The Conservatives won nine, and three were under no overall control. Only sixteen Liberal councillors were elected in London, along with forty-nine residents and ratepayers candidates, three independents and three Communists. The result followed the convincing Labour gain of the new Greater London Council in the first GLC elections which had been held on 9 April.
Dudley, Massachusetts cemetery proposal
A proposal to create a Muslim cemetery by the Islamic Society of Greater Worcester on 55 acres (22 ha) of farmland in Dudley, Massachusetts elicited intense community opposition when discussed at a public hearing in February 2016. The Islamic Society sought to establish a closer burial place than Enfield, Connecticut. After a complicated process, with much back and forth between the Islamic Society and town officials, the necessary permit was issued over a year later.

Islamic funeral
Islamic funerals (Arabic: جنازة, romanized: Janāzah) follow fairly specific rites, though they are subject to regional interpretation and variation in custom. In all cases, however, sharia (Islamic religious law) calls for burial of the body as soon as possible. The deceased is first bathed and shrouded with simple white cloth. Then a funeral prayer, Salat al-jinazah, is performed. Cremation of the body is strictly forbidden in Islam; the body is buried without a casket and aligned perpendicular to the Qibla. The head may be turned to face the Qibla as well. Mourning for the deceased is observed for three days except for the widow who mourns for 4 months and 10 days.
Carry On Deshpande
Carry On Deshpande is an Indian, Marathi-language film directed by Vijay Patkar. The film, released on 11 December 2015, stars Pushkar Shrotri, Hemlata Bane, Sagar Karande, Sanjay Khapre and Manasi Naik, with music by Chinar–Mahesh.

Vijay Patkar
Vijay Patkar (born 29 May 1963) is an Indian theatre, television, Marathi film and Bollywood actor.

He is known for his comic roles in films including Tezaab, Apna Sapna Money Money, Golmaal 3, Tees Maar Khan, Daddy Cool, All the Best: Fun Begins and Singham.

Patkar is the president of Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Chitrapat Mahamandal (ABMCM).
Campbell ministry
The Campbell ministry was the combined Cabinet (formally the Executive Council of British Columbia) that governed British Columbia from June 5, 2001, to March 14, 2011. It was led by Gordon Campbell, the 34th premier of British Columbia, and consisted of members of the British Columbia Liberal Party.

The ministry succeeded the Dosanjh ministry, following the results of the 2001 election. The Campbell ministry was in office for the entirety of the 37th Parliament of British Columbia and 38th Parliament of British Columbia, and some of the 39th Parliament of British Columbia before Campbell resigned. It was succeeded by the Christy Clark ministry.

Premier of British Columbia
The premier of British Columbia is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of British Columbia. Until the early 1970s, the title prime minister of British Columbia was often used. The word premier is derived from the French word of the same spelling, meaning "first"; and ultimately from the Latin word primarius, meaning "primary".
Mohr im Hemd
Mohr im Hemd (German: [moːɐ̯ ɪm hɛmt] ⓘ, literally "Moor in [a] shirt") is an Austrian dessert. It consists of a chocolate pudding topped with whipped cream, hence the name.

In modern times, the dish is often prepared with breadcrumbs to form a solid mass, resembling a lava cake or miniature gugelhupf, and served with chocolate sauce and whipped cream. Older recipes more closely resemble a chocolate custard, with the primary ingredients being chocolate and eggs.

The racial connotations of the dish's name have drawn controversy. In 2012, the human rights organization SOS Mitmensch publicly criticized the name, suggesting replacements such as Kuchen mit Schlag (literally "cake with whipped cream").

Since 2012, the dictionary Duden has described the word "Mohr" as often being seen as discriminatory, and since 2019 as "obsolete, today discriminatory" (veraltet, heute diskriminierend).

Duden
The Duden (German pronunciation: [ˈduːdn̩] ⓘ) is a dictionary of the Standard High German language, first published by Konrad Duden in 1880, and later by Bibliographisches Institut GmbH, which was merged into Cornelsen Verlag in 2022.

The Duden is updated regularly with new editions appearing every four or five years. As of December 2024, it is in its 29th edition. It is printed as twelve volumes, with each volume covering different aspects of the German language such as loanwords, etymology, pronunciation, synonyms, etc.

The first of these volumes, Die deutsche Rechtschreibung (English: The German orthography), has long been the prescriptive source for Standard High German spelling. The Duden has become the most widely used language resource of the Standard High German language, stating the rules regarding grammar, spelling and use of Standard High German language. In Austria, the Österreichisches Wörterbuch takes that role.
Empis testacea
Empis (Xanthempis) testacea is a species of 'dance' flies belonging to the family Empididae subfamily Empidinae.

This species is mainly present in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands.

The adults grow up to 6–8 millimetres (0.24–0.31 in) long and can mostly be encountered from April through July. This large size fly shows a light grey mesonotum with three dark stripes, wings are clear, yellow at the base with distinct veins, the legs are mainly reddish, while the abdomen is yellowish-brown.

Empidinae
Empidinae, also called dance flies, are a subfamily of empidoid flies. They belong to the Eremoneura, a lineage of flies whose larvae pass through three stages. The name “dance flies” comes from their mating swarms, formed by males or, in some species, by females; in many cases males present captured prey to females during these gatherings.They are mainly predatory flies like most of their relatives, and generally small to medium-sized. Most species are flower visitors and they can be effective pollinators.
Per Aspera Ad Astra (album)
Per Aspera Ad Astra is the fourth studio album by Stars of the Lid, made in collaboration with artist Jon McCafferty and released on Kranky in 1998. McCafferty approached Stars of the Lid with a view towards collaboration after working on a series of paintings inspired by the duo's 1995 debut Music for Nitrous Oxide.  The title is a common Latin phrase translatable as "through hardships, to the stars."

Ad astra
Ad astra is a Latin phrase meaning "to the stars". The phrase has origins with Virgil, who wrote in his Aeneid: "sic itur ad astra" ('thus one journeys to the stars') and "opta ardua pennis astra sequi" ('desire to pursue the high[/hard to reach] stars on wings'). Another origin is Seneca the Younger, who wrote in Hercules: "non est ad astra mollis e terris via" ('there is no easy way from the earth to the stars').
El Cielo Rojo
El Cielo Rojo is a 2008 independent film from Costa Rica. Written and directed by Miguel Alejandro Gomez, the film stars Allan Obando (Roberto), Mauricio Dapena (Berny), Ricardo Rodriguez (Manuel), and Edgar Roman (Nestor).

The film was shot in the Costa Rican provinces of San José, Puntarenas, Guanacaste, and Alajuela; It was shot in 21 days through January 2007 and was released in early August 2008. The film is a character-driven drama, with a heavy dose of comedy, and could be classified as both a coming-of-age story with political undertones and an art-house film.

Puntarenas Province
Puntarenas (Spanish pronunciation: [puntaˈɾenas]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the western part of the country, covering most of Costa Rica's Pacific Ocean coast, and it is the largest province in Costa Rica. Clockwise from the northwest, it borders on the provinces Guanacaste, Alajuela, San José and Limón, and the neighbouring country of Panama.
Roy Drinkard
Roy Henry Drinkard (born July 12, 1920, in Falkville, Alabama) is an American businessman who owns numerous properties and shopping centers throughout the Southeastern United States. He currently resides in Cullman, Alabama, where he serves as president and CEO of Drinkard Development, Inc., a company which provides management, leasing and maintenance services for commercial properties.  He was named 2007 City Family Patriarch by the Cullman County Farm-City Committee.

Cullman, Alabama
Cullman is the largest city and county seat of Cullman County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 18,213, with an estimated population of 20,239 (As depicted by David Nolasco, Graph Byram, Maddox Chapman, And Seth Davies)  in 2024. It is located along Interstate 65, about 50 miles (80 km) north of Birmingham and about 55 miles (89 km) south of Huntsville.
Quaiapen
Quaiapen  (c. 1603 – July 2, 1676), also known as Magnus, Matantuck, Old Queen, or Watowswokotaus, was  a Narragansett-Niantic female sachem (saunkskwa) who was the last sachem captured or killed during King Philip’s War.

Narragansett people
The Narragansett people are an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. Today, Narragansett people are enrolled in the federally recognized Narragansett Indian Tribe, headquartered in Rhode Island. Their Narragansett language belongs to the Algonquian language family.

The tribe was nearly landless for most of the 20th century but acquired land in 1991 and petitioned the Department of the Interior to take the land into trust on their behalf. This would have made the newly acquired land officially recognized as part of the Narragansett Indian reservation, taking it out from under Rhode Island's legal authority. In 2009, the United States Supreme Court ruled against the request in their lawsuit Carcieri v. Salazar, declaring that tribes which had achieved federal recognition since the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act did not have standing to have newly acquired lands taken into federal trust and removed from state control.
Charbagh Tehsil
Charbagh is a tehsil of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Swat District has seven tehsils: Charbagh, Babuzai, Matta, Khwaza Khela, Barikot, Kabal and Behrain. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 65 union councils in Swat District, 56 rural and nine urban.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013, Tehsil Charbagh has the following five wards:

Charbagh I

Charbagh II

Gulibagh

Taligram

Kishawara

Taligram
Taligram is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
District Swat has 9 Tehsils i.e. Khwazakhela, Kabal, Madyan, Barikot, Mingora, and Kalam. Each Tehsill comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 65 union councils in district Swat, 56 rural and also 9 urban.
Collections of the Russian Museum
Among the collections of the Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg in Russia are some of the greatest pieces of Russian art in the world.

The Museum houses collections of sculpture, objets d'art, drawings and paintings including the famous picture gallery.

Culture of Russia
Russian culture (Russian: Культура России, romanized: Kul'tura Rossii, IPA: [kʊlʲˈturə rɐˈsʲiɪ]) has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and both Eastern and Western influence. Cultural scientists believe that the influence of the East was fairly insignificant, since the Mongols did not coexist with the Russians during conquest, and the indigenous peoples were subjected to reverse cultural assimilation. Unlike the Scandinavian and more western neighbors, which have become the main reason for the formation of modern culture among Russians. Russian writers and philosophers have played an important role in the development of European thought. The Russians have also greatly influenced classical music, ballet, theatre, painting, cinema and sport, The nation has also made pioneering contributions to science and technology and space exploration.
George Pitt Morison
George Pitt Morison (31 August 1861 – 4 September 1946) was an Australian painter and engraver. He is noted in particular for his painting The Foundation of Perth 1829 which was commissioned as part of Western Australia's centenary celebrations, and presented to the Art Gallery of Western Australia in February 1929.

In 1890 Morison travelled to Europe to study at the Académie Julian in Paris and in the early 1930s worked as curator of art at the Western Australian Museum Art Gallery.

Morison was born on 31 August 1861 in Melbourne and died on 4 September 1946 in South Yarra, Victoria. His daughter Margaret Pitt Morison was the first female architect member in Western Australia.

Académie Julian
The Académie Julian (French pronunciation: [akademi ʒyljɑ̃]) was a private art school for painting and sculpture founded in Paris, France, in 1867 by French painter and teacher Rodolphe Julian (1839–1907). The school was active from 1868 through 1968. It remained famous for the number and quality of artists who attended during a great period of effervescence in the arts in the early twentieth century. After 1968, it integrated with the École supérieure de design, d'art graphique et d'architecture intérieure
(ESAG) Penninghen.
Mode field diameter
In fiber optics, the mode field diameter (MFD) is a measure of the width of an irradiance distribution, i.e., the optical power per unit area, across the end face of a single-mode fiber. It is analogous to the  measure of the beam diameter for a beam propagating in free space.

The mode field diameter is defined as twice the mode field radius, and the mode field radius is equal to the distance from the center at which the electric and magnetic field strengths are reduced to  of their maximum values. Since the intensity (given by the Poynting vector) is proportional to the square of the field amplitude, the intensity drops by  or -8.69 dB at this distance from the center. For a Gaussian-shaped mode, the mode field diameter is twice the beam waist .

The MFD is typically slightly larger than the core of an optical fiber extending slightly into the cladding.

Poynting vector
In physics, the Poynting vector (or Umov–Poynting vector) represents the directional energy flux (the energy transfer per unit area, per unit time) or power flow of an electromagnetic field. The SI unit of the Poynting vector is the watt per square metre (W/m2); kg/s3 in SI base units. It is named after its discoverer John Henry Poynting who first derived it in 1884.: 132  Nikolay Umov is also credited with formulating the concept. Oliver Heaviside also discovered it independently in the more general form that recognises the freedom of adding the curl of an arbitrary vector field to the definition.  The Poynting vector is used throughout electromagnetics in conjunction with Poynting's theorem, the continuity equation expressing conservation of electromagnetic energy, to calculate the power flow in electromagnetic fields.
Minuscule 450
Minuscule 450 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 63 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. 
Formerly it was labelled by 78a and 89p. The manuscript is lacunose.

Johann Martin Augustin Scholz
Johann Martin Augustin Scholz (8 February 1794 – 20 October 1852) was a German Roman Catholic orientalist, biblical scholar and academic theologian. He was a professor at the University of Bonn and travelled extensively throughout Europe and the Near East in order to locate manuscripts of the New Testament.
Mladen Bartulović
Mladen Bartulović (born 5 October 1986) is a Croatian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of Metalist 1925 Kharkiv. He spent most of his playing career in Ukrainian Premier League representing various clubs from Central Ukraine: Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, Vorskla Poltava, Inhulets Petrove, and others.

Central Ukraine
Central Ukraine (Ukrainian: Центральна Україна, romanized: Tsentralna Ukraina, IPA: [tsenˈtrɑlʲnɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ]) consists of historical regions of left-bank Ukraine and right-bank Ukraine that reference to the Dnieper River. It is situated away from the Black Sea Littoral North and a midstream of the Dnieper River and its basin.

The cities of Central Ukraine are among the oldest in Ukraine. Also in contrast to the southeastern portion of the country, the region is more agricultural with extensive grain and sunflower fields in the heart of Ukraine. Some of the largest cities in Central Ukraine include Kryvyi Rih, Cherkasy, Kropyvnytskyi, Poltava and Kremenchuk.
Siân Rees
Siân Rees is a British author and historian. She was born in Cornwall, has a degree in history from University of Oxford and lives in Brighton, UK. She is particularly interested in the social and maritime history of the 17th and 18th centuries. Her first book, about the transportation of female convicts to Australia at the end of the 18th century, was made into a Timewatch documentary and has been optioned as a feature film. The second, a biography of Eliza Lynch, led to her involvement in the Argentine documentary Candido Lopez: Los Campos de Batalla, directed by José Luis García.

Her books have been published in over fifteen countries and she is represented by the London literary agent Andrew Lownie.

Timewatch
Timewatch is a long-running British television series showing documentaries on historical subjects, spanning all human history. It was first broadcast on 29 September 1982 and is produced by the BBC.

The Timewatch brandname is used as a banner title in the UK, but many of the individual documentaries are unbranded with BBC continuity outside the domestic British market.
Verner Island
Verner Island is one of the Jocelyn Islands, lying just west of Petersen Island, just east of Lee Island and Kista Strait, and just south of Moller Bank and Carstens Shoal, in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and remapped by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) in 1956. It was named Verner Pedersen, the chief officer of the Thala Dan in 1961.

Carstens Shoal
Carstens Shoal (67°34′S 62°51′E﻿ / ﻿67.567°S 62.850°E﻿ / -67.567; 62.850) is an almost circular shoal (least depth 11.89 metres (39 ft)) lying just north of East Budd Island, and just west of Moller Bank, in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. It was charted in February 1961 by d'A.T. Gale, hydrographic surveyor with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (Thala Dan), and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for D.R. Carstens, surveyor at Mawson Station in 1962, who assisted the hydrographic survey in 1961.