hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pirogov
Pirogov (Russian: Пирогов), or Pirogova (feminine; Пирогова) is a Russian surname, derived from the word "пирог" (pie or cake). Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Pirogov (1899–1964), Russian Soviet opera singer

Grigory Pirogov (1885–1931), Russian Soviet opera singer

Kirill Pirogov (born 1973), Russian actor

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881), prominent Russian scientist
Pirogov (film), 1947 Soviet film, notable for the musical score composed by Dmitri Shostakovich
Pirogov Hospital, a hospital in Sofia, Bulgaria named after him
2506 Pirogov, an asteroid named after him
Pirogov Park, a park in Tartu, Estonia, named after him
Pirogov, Leonid Gregor (1910-1968), A Soviet Actor.

Nikolay Nikolayevich Pirogov (1843–1891), Russian physicist and son of Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov

Vladimir Pirogov (1918–2001), Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union

Alexander Pirogov
Alexander Stepanovich Pirogov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Степа́нович Пирого́в; 1899–1964), was a Russian bass opera singer.

Pirogov was born in Ryazan, one of five sons of a musical father. Four of the five brothers became singers, most notably Grigory, also a bass.

From 1924 through 1954, he was one of the main bass soloists of the Bolshoi Theatre along with Mark Reizen, and Maxim Mikhailov. He recorded under Samuil Samosud, Alexander Melik-Pashayev, Aleksandr Gauk, Nikolai Golovanov, and Vassili Nebolsin.

In 1954, he played Boris Godunov in a film version, winning a medal in Italy. The same year, he made his only performances outside the Soviet Union singing the role of Boris Godunov in Finnish National Opera in Helsinki on January 28 and 30 and February 2. He also visited Helsinki in 1956 with performances on October 21 and 24.
West Wood, Little Sampford
West Wood is a 23.6 hectares (58 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Little Sampford, north of Thaxted in northwestern Essex. It is owned and managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

The site is ancient woodland on chalky boulder clay and sandy loam. It was mainly elm, but this has died and the wood regenerated naturally with ash, and there is also some field maple and hornbeam. Bramble and dog's mercury dominate the ground layer, and there is a rich variety of plants in wetter areas, such as oxlip and meadow-sweet. There are many species of birds and butterflies, and four ponds which have great crested newts, dragonflies and damselflies.

There is access by a footpath from the B1051 road between Thaxted and Great Sampford.

Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It grows in mixed stands with oak, and in some areas beech, and is also a common tree in scree forests. Hornbeam was also known as yoke elm. Together with Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams found in Europe.
Frederick Morris
Frederick Reginald Morris (born 1 December 1929) is a retired Irish judge who served as President of the High Court from 1998 to 2001 and a Judge of the High Court from 1990 to 2001.

Born in Kilkenny in 1929, he was called to the bar in 1959 and became a Senior Counsel in 1973. He was made a High Court judge in 1990 and appointed to the Special Criminal Court the following year. He was President of the High Court from 1998 to 2001, and therefore an ex-officio member of the Supreme Court of Ireland. He was the Chairperson of the Referendum Commission in 2002 for the 25th Amendment Bill 2002.

From 2002 to 2008, he was the chairman and Sole Member of the Morris Tribunal, which investigated allegations of corrupt and dishonest policing in County Donegal.

Senior counsel
Senior Counsel, State Counsel (post-nominal letters: SC), or Senior Advocate is a title given to senior lawyers in some current or former Commonwealth nations, mainly those in which the British monarch is no longer head of state, making the title "King's Counsel" obsolete. Examples of such nations are Mauritius, Zambia, India (Senior Advocate), Bangladesh (Senior Advocate), Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Singapore, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. Jurisdictions that have retained the monarch as head of state, but have nonetheless opted for the new title, include some states and territories of Australia, as well as Belize.

Just as a junior counsel is "called to the [Outer] Bar", a Senior Counsel is, in some jurisdictions, said to be "called to the Inner Bar". Senior Counsels may informally style themselves silks, as do their British counterparts.
Spaltenstein variety
In algebraic geometry, a Spaltenstein variety is a variety given by the fixed point set of a nilpotent transformation on a flag variety. They were introduced by Nicolas Spaltenstein (1976, 1982). In the special case of full flag varieties the Spaltenstein varieties are Springer varieties.

Fixed point (mathematics)
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specifically, for functions, a fixed point is an element that is mapped to itself by the function. Any set of fixed points of a transformation is also an invariant set.
GreenPAC
GreenPAC is a Canadian non-profit environmental organization, founded in 2014. Its goal is to help recruit, elect, and support environmental leadership in Canadian politics, across the political spectrum.

GreenPAC has run endorsement campaigns in the Canadian federal elections of 2015, 2019, and 2021, and provincial elections including those of Manitoba in 2016, British Columbia in 2017, and Ontario in 2018 and 2022.

Terry Duguid
Terry Duguid PC MP (/ˈduːɡʊd/; born 1954 or 1955) is a Canadian politician. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he has been the Member of Parliament for Winnipeg South since the 2015 federal election. Duguid was Minister of Environment and Climate Change from March to May 2025 as well as Minister of Sport and Minister responsible for Prairies Economic Development Canada from December 2024 to March 2025. Before federal politics, he was on the Winnipeg City Council from 1989 to 1995.
Linux Test Project
The Linux Test Project (usually referred to as LTP) is a body of regression and conformance tests designed to confirm the behaviour of the Linux kernel as well as glibc.

The LTP is a joint project started by SGI, developed and maintained by IBM, Cisco, Fujitsu, SUSE, Red Hat and others. The project source code was migrated to git and is available on GitHub.

The LTP aims to test and improve Linux. The LTP provides a suite of automated testing tools for Linux as well as tools for publishing the results of ran tests.

Fujitsu
Fujitsu Limited (富士通株式会社, Fujitsū kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational information and communications technology equipment and services corporation, established in 1935 and headquartered in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. It is the world's sixth-largest IT services provider by annual revenue, and it is the largest in Japan as of 2021.

Fujitsu's hardware offerings mainly consist of personal and enterprise computing products, including x86, SPARC, and mainframe-compatible server products. The corporation and its subsidiaries also offer diverse products and services in data storage, telecommunications, advanced microelectronics, and air conditioning. It has approximately 124,000 employees supporting customers in over 50 countries and regions.

Fujitsu is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange; its Tokyo listing is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices.
William Lily (grammarian)
William Lily (or William Lilly or Lilye; c. 1468 – 25 February 1522) was an English classical grammarian and scholar.  He was an author of the most widely used Latin grammar textbook in England and was the first high master of St Paul's School, London.

High master (academic)
High master is the term used, in place of the more conventional "headmaster",  "head teacher" or "principal", to denote the head teachers of two English public schools: The Manchester Grammar School and St Paul's School in London. Two notable high masters of both schools were Frederick William Walker, who served at Manchester Grammar 1860–1877, and St Paul's 1877–1905; and Martin Stephen, who served at Manchester Grammar 1994–2004, and St Paul's 2004–2011. The incumbent high masters of Manchester Grammar and St Paul's are Martin Boulton and Sally-Anne Huang respectively.

The equivalent high mistress is used for female headteachers at some independent schools, including St Paul's Girls' School and Abercorn School.
F. P. Doremus
Franklin Pierce Doremus (4 December 1852 – 25 November 1944) was an American vegetarianism advocate and magazine editor. Based in Britain in the late 19th century, he served as secretary of the London Food Reform Society (1879–1885), edited its Food Reform Magazine (1881–1885), and later held secretaryships with the London Vegetarian Society (1889–1890) and the Vegetarian Federal Union (1892–1895). He was also a vice-president of the Vegetarian Society of America.

Horsham
Horsham (/ˈhɔːrʃəm/) is a market town on the upper reaches of the River Arun on the fringe of the Weald, in West Sussex, England. The town lies 31 miles (50 km) south-south-west of London, 18.5 miles (30 km) north-west of Brighton and 26 miles (42 km) north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the north-east and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the south-east. It is the administrative centre of the Horsham district.
Minnesota's at-large congressional district
During the 35th through 37th Congresses, Minnesota elected its two members of the United States House of Representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket. Minnesota then elected a member (considered the 10th seat) to an at-large seat 1913–1915, with the remaining nine representatives elected in districts.  Minnesota elected all its members at large for the 73rd Congress, ending the practice two years later.

73rd United States Congress
The 73rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1933, to January 3, 1935, during the first two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. Because of the newly ratified 20th Amendment, the duration of this Congress, along with the term of office of those elected to it, was shortened by 60 days. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

The Democrats greatly increased their majority in the House, and won control of the Senate for the first time since the 65th Congress in 1917. With Franklin D. Roosevelt being sworn in as president on March 4, 1933, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta, also for the first time since the 65th Congress.
Jack Hubbard (rugby union)
John Cairns Hubbard (27 June 1902 – 29 August 1997) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Woolwich, London, Hubbard was the son of England three-quarter George Hubbard. He worked as a stock broker and spent most of his life in the Surrey town of Esher, where he moved in 1934.

Hubbard gained his solitary England cap deputising injured fullback John Askew for a Calcutta Cup match against Scotland at Twickenham in 1930. The match finished in a 0–0 draw and Hubbard's assured performance at fullback was credited with playing a large part in keeping the Scots score-less. He won his England call up via Harlequins and also played club rugby with Blackheath, while for county fixtures he represented Kent.

Woolwich
Woolwich (/ˈwʊlɪtʃ, -ɪdʒ/) is a market town in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throughout the 16th to 20th centuries. After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation, the area now has several large-scale urban renewal projects.
The Word for Snow
The Word for Snow is a one-act play by Don DeLillo. Inspired by global climate change, the play concerns a pilgrim who seeks out a professor who has fallen silent.

The play was commissioned by the Chicago Humanities Festival and premiered on October 27, 2007, in a production by the Steppenwolf Theatre Company. Subsequent to a West End production in 2012, Manhattan's Karma book store published the manuscript in 2014.

Steppenwolf Theatre Company
Steppenwolf Theatre Company is a Chicago theater company founded in 1974 by Terry Kinney, Jeff Perry, and Gary Sinise in the Immaculate Conception grade school in Highland Park, Illinois and is now located in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood on Halsted Street. The theatre's name comes from Hermann Hesse's novel Steppenwolf, which original member Rick Argosh was reading during the company's inaugural production of Paul Zindel's play, And Miss Reardon Drinks a Little, in 1974.  After occupying several theatres in Chicago, in 1991, it moved into its own purpose-built complex with three performing spaces, the largest seating 550.

A recipient of the Regional Tony Award, it has produced several shows that have transferred to Broadway.
It's All the Way Live (Now)
"It's All the Way Live (Now)" is a song by American rapper Coolio. It was released in May 1996, by Hollywood Records, as the lead single to the Eddie soundtrack. The song became Coolio's fifth top-40 single and his fourth to achieve at least a gold certification from the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies. The song sampled "It's All the Way Live" by funk band Lakeside, his second single to both sample and take the name from a Lakeside song after his 1994 hit, "Fantastic Voyage".

Despite being one of Coolio's biggest hits, the song did not appear on his 2001 Tommy Boy Records Greatest Hits compilation. This was due to the fact Hollywood Records, who released the Eddie soundtrack, owned the rights to the song.

Coolio
Artis Leon Ivey Jr. (August 1, 1963 – September 28, 2022), known by his stage name Coolio, was an American rapper. He was best known for his single "Gangsta's Paradise" (1995), which won a Grammy Award, and was credited for changing the course of hip-hop by bringing it to a wider audience. Other singles included "Fantastic Voyage" (1994), "1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)" (1996), and "C U When U Get There" (1997). He released nine albums, the first three of which achieved mainstream success: It Takes a Thief (1994), Gangsta's Paradise (1995), and My Soul (1997). Coolio first achieved recognition as a member of the gangsta rap group WC and the Maad Circle. Coolio sold 4.8 million albums in the U.S.

He also created the six-episode reality television show Coolio's Rules (2008), the web series Cookin' with Coolio, and published a cookbook.
Tony Macaroni
Tony Macaroni is a group of restaurants in Scotland specialising in Italian cuisine. The slogan of the company is vive per mangiare ("live to eat"). It is the sister company of Nardini's, an ice cream parlour in Largs in North Ayrshire, Scotland, and Marini's, a Scottish chain of fish and chip shops. The company is managed by Viva Italia, a Scotland-based hospitality group with interests in dining, events, and fashion. The first restaurant in Scotland opened in 2007, in East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire. Since then, the brand has expanded across Scotland, operating 13 restaurant locations as of 2025.

East Kilbride
East Kilbride (/ ... kɪlˈbraɪd/; Scottish Gaelic: Cille Bhrìghde an Ear [ˈkʲʰiʎə ˈvɾʲiːtʲə əɲ ˈɛɾ]), often referred to as EK, is the largest town in South Lanarkshire in Scotland, and the country's sixth-largest locality by population. Historically a small village, it was designated Scotland's first "new town" on 6 May 1947, and thereafter widely expanded. The area lies on a raised plateau to the south of the Cathkin Braes, about eight miles (thirteen kilometres) southeast of Glasgow and close to the boundary with East Renfrewshire.

The town ends close to the White Cart Water to the west and is bounded by the Rotten Calder Water to the east. Immediately to the north of the modern town centre is The Village, the part of East Kilbride that existed before its post-war development into a New Town. East Kilbride is twinned with the town of Ballerup, in Denmark.
Thanh Tân
Thanh Tân or Thanh Tan can refer some populated places in Vietnam as

Thanh Tân, Thái Bình, a commune in Kiến Xương District

Thanh Tân, Bến Tre, a commune in Mỏ Cày Bắc District

Thanh Tân, Thanh Hóa, a commune in Như Thanh District

Thanh Tân, Hà Nam, a commune in Thanh Liêm District

Như Thanh district
Như Thanh is a district (huyện) of Thanh Hóa province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam.

As of 2018 the district had a population of 95,360. The district covers an area of 586 km2 (226 sq mi). The district capital lies at Bến Sung.
13th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 13th Emmy Awards, later referred to as the 13th Primetime Emmy Awards, were held on May 16, 1961, to honor the best in television of the year. It was hosted by Joey Bishop and Dick Powell. All nominations are listed, with winners in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

The top show of the night was the NBC anthology Hallmark Hall of Fame for their production of Macbeth. It won in all its nominated categories, tying the record (since broken) of five major wins. A milestone was set by The Flintstones, it became the first ever animated show to be nominated in one of the main series categories (comedy or drama). It would be the only animated show to accomplish this feat until 2009, when Family Guy was included in the expanded comedy field.

Joey Bishop
Joseph Abraham Gottlieb (February 3, 1918 – October 17, 2007), known professionally as Joey Bishop, was an American entertainer who appeared on television as early as 1948 and eventually starred in his own weekly comedy series playing a talk/variety show host, then later hosted a late-night talk show with Regis Philbin as his young sidekick on ABC.  He also was a member of the "Rat Pack" with Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr. and Peter Lawford.  He is listed as the 96th entry on Comedy Central's list of 100 greatest comedians.
Xulu
Xulu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cedric Xulu (1939–2020), South African footballer

Mpumelelo Xulu (born 1999), South African cricketer

Siyanda Xulu (born 1991), South African professional soccer player

Thulani Xulu, South African politician

Victor Xulu (born 1983), former South African cricketer

Thulani Xulu
Thulani Vincent Xulu is a South African politician who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature since 2019. He was formerly a local councillor in Msunduzi Local Municipality.
Rubin causal model
The Rubin causal model (RCM), also known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model, is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes, named after Donald Rubin. The name "Rubin causal model" was first coined by Paul W. Holland. The potential outcomes framework was first proposed by Jerzy Neyman in his 1923 Master's thesis, though he discussed it only in the context of completely randomized experiments.  Rubin extended it into a general framework for thinking about causation in both observational and experimental studies.

Paul W. Holland
Paul William Holland (born 25 April 1940) is an American statistician. He has worked on a wide range of fields including: categorical data analysis, social network analysis and causal inference in program evaluation.

Paul Holland was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He attended the University of Michigan as an undergraduate, and Stanford University for a master's and doctorate in statistics, supervised by Patrick Suppes. Michigan State University and Harvard University were his first teaching posts. He started at Educational Testing Service in 1975. From 1993 to 2000 he taught at University of California, Berkeley, before returning to Educational Testing Service.

He held the Frederic M. Lord Chair in Measurement and Statistics at the Educational Testing Service.
Manhattan (Jeffrey Lewis & Los Bolts album)
Manhattan is an album by New York City-based anti-folk musician Jeffrey Lewis and his backing band, which is billed as Los Bolts. It was produced by Lewis himself and New York producer Brian Speaker and mixed by John Agnello. It was released on October 30, 2015 on Rough Trade Records.

Anti-folk
Anti-folk (sometimes spelled antifolk) is a genre of folk music that emerged in the 1980s in New York City. It was founded by the musician, author, and comedian Lach, as a reaction to the commercialization of folk music. It is characterized by its amateur sound, DIY ethos, and often humorous, rebellious, or satirical lyrics. Antifolk music was made to diverge from, and sometimes mock, the perceived seriousness of the era's mainstream music scene, while often still being protest music aimed at social change. The latter element especially overlaps with folk punk.
Margot Dias
Margot Dias GOIH (née Schmidt; 4 June 1908 – 26 November 2001) was a German-born Portuguese musician, self-taught ethnologist and documentary filmmaker. She is mainly known for her contributions to Portuguese social anthropological studies in the 1950s and her ethnographic films and photographs on the Makonde people of Mozambique.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Gen13/Monkeyman and O'Brien
Gen13/Monkeyman and O'Brien is a two-issue comic book miniseries published by Image Comics in 1998. It serves as a crossover between Art Adams's creator-owned Monkeyman and O'Brien and WildStorm's Gen13. The story is an homage to the well-known Star Trek episode "Mirror, Mirror" utilising characters from the two comics series in the title.

Crossover (fiction)
A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as intercompany crossovers), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.
Malax
Malax (Finland Swedish: [ˈmɑːlɑks]; Finnish: Maalahti, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈmɑːˌlɑhti]) is a municipality in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Malax is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Malax is approximately 5,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 111,000. It is the 160th most populous municipality in Finland.

Malax covers an area of 1,954.94 square kilometres (754.81 sq mi) of which 1,433.95 km2 (553.65 sq mi) is water. The population density is 10.39 inhabitants per square kilometre (26.9/sq mi).

Malax is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 9% Finnish speakers, 85% Swedish speakers, and 6% speakers of other languages.

Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (/ˈbɒθniə/, Swedish: Bottniska viken, Finnish and Meänkieli: Pohjanlahti) is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast (Ostrobothnia (East Bothnia)) and the northern part of Sweden's east coast (Västerbotten (Westrobothnia, West Bothnia) and Norrbotten (North Bothnia)). It is divided into the Bothnian Bay, the (North) Kvarken and the Bothnian Sea. In the south of the gulf lies Åland, between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea.