hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Château des Anglais (Brengues)
The Château des Anglais is a ruined 12th century castle in the commune of Brengues in the Lot département of France. The ruins are privately owned. It has been listed since 1925 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Lot (department)
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the Lot River, it lies in the southwestern part of the country and had a population of 174,094 in 2019. Its prefecture is Cahors; its subprefectures are Figeac and Gourdon.
Won Sei-hoon
Won Sei-hoon (born January 31, 1951) is a former South Korean public servant. Born in Yeongju, he obtained a Masters in Urban Administration from Hanyang University. In 2009, he was appointed the 10th Director of the National Intelligence Service. He was indicted in June 2013 for attempted interference in the 2012 South Korean presidential election by allegedly ordering an online misinformation campaign against opposition candidates. On January 22, 2014, he was found guilty for graft. He got a 2-year jail term and a fine of some 160 million won. In 2015, the Supreme Court returned to a lower court this ruling. On August 30, 2017, he was sentenced to four years in prison by the Seoul High Court.

Hanyang University
Hanyang University (HYU, Korean: 한양대학교) is a private research university in Seoul and Ansan (ERICA campus), South Korea. Hanyang (한양; 漢陽) derives from the former name of the capital Seoul used during the Joseon period. The university was founded in 1939 as an engineering school, and was the country's first private college to offer engineering and architecture programs.

The university has consistently ranked among the leading universities in STEM fields among South Korean universities. The university enrolls over 3,000 international students each year, and sends more than 3,300 students on study abroad programs annually. As of 2018, Hanyang University had 777 partner universities in 76 countries.
K252b
K252b is an ectoprotein kinase inhibitor, which is involved in the abolishment of the effects of nerve growth factors on PC12 cell and peripheral neuron system (PNS) neurons. When it is present in very low concentrations, it prolongs the survivorship of hippocampal, septal and cortical neurons deprived of glucose.

K252b is related to K252a and staurosporine, which are low-molecular-weight alkaloids. Staurosporine was discovered in 1977 while screening for microbial alkaloids using chemical detection methods. K252 was discovered in 1986 as a related natural indolocarbazole product.  In 2007, K252b was found to have an inhibitory effect on mycobacterial protein kinase PknB. This is a receptor-like transmembrane protein. The PknB gene can be found in all known mycobacterial genomes. Staurosporine and K252a have inhibitory effects on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but K252b failed to inhibit bacterial growth.

Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.
PPL Building
The PPL Building, formerly the Pennsylvania Power and Light Building, is a 24-story office building in Allentown, Pennsylvania. At 321.6 ft (98.0 m) in height, it is the tallest building in the city and the surrounding Lehigh Valley metropolitan area. The building is the headquarters for PPL Corporation, the main electricity provider for the Lehigh Valley, Northeastern Pennsylvania, and other regions of Pennsylvania and the United States.

The PPL Building is often uniquely illuminated at night, especially during the Christmas season, with a candle on one face of the building, and a Christmas tree on the other.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.
Galon (bishop of Beauvais)
Galon or Gallon (Galo, Gallo, Walo) was a bishop of Beauvais (c. 1099-1104) and later Bishop of Paris (1104–1116). He was appointed a papal legate in Poland by Paschal II c. 1103.

Born in Beauvais, Galon became Abbot of Saint-Quentin, later enthroned a bishop thanks to the papal support of Paschal II. As a legate he supervised the course of Gregorian reform in the Polish Church. He summoned a council that deposed two bishops for disobeying the Canons including Cracovian Cazlaus (Czasław), who had married. Galon was also first to bring to Poland the canon law collection Collectio trium partium, a work of his master St. Ivo, medieval canonist and Bishop of Chartres.

Galon was present at Council of Châlons in 1115. He died February 23, 1116.

Pope Paschal II
Pope Paschal II (Latin: Paschalis II; 1050 x 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Raniero Raineri di Bleda, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the cardinal-priest of San Clemente by Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) in 1073. He was consecrated as pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088–99) on 19 August 1099. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope.
Đình Lạc Giao
Đình Lạc Giao is a traditional Vietnamese communal house located at 67 Phan Bội Châu Street, Thống Nhất Ward, in the center of Buôn Ma Thuột city, Đắk Lắk Province, Vietnam. It is recognized as the first communal house built by the Kinh people in the Central Highlands region and serves as a place of worship for the city god Đào Duy Từ, the village founder Phan Hộ, and the Hùng Kings. The site was designated a national historical relic in 1990 and holds significance for its role in local history, culture, and revolutionary events.

Buôn Ma Thuột
12°40′N 108°3′E﻿ / ﻿12.667°N 108.050°E﻿ / 12.667; 108.050Buôn Ma Thuột or sometimes Buôn Mê Thuột or Ban Mê Thuột (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ʔɓuon1 maː1 tʰuot̚ʔ6], listenⓘ), is the capital city of Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Its population was 434,256 in 2023. The city is the largest in the Central Highlands and is known for its coffee culture.

In 1904, the French colonialists established Dak Lak province and chose Buon Ma Thuot as its capital. Since then, Buon Ma Thuot has become the administrative, economic, and cultural center of the region. Throughout the two resistance wars against the French and the Americans, Buon Ma Thuot made significant contributions to the cause of national liberation.
Soviet snipers
Snipers of the Soviet Union played an important role mainly on the Eastern Front of World War II, apart from other preceding and subsequent conflicts. In World War II, Soviet snipers used the 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridge with light, heavy, armour-piercing (B-30), armour-piercing-incendiary (B-32), zeroing-and-incendiary (P3), and tracer bullets. Most Soviet World War II snipers carried a combat load of 120 rifle cartridges in the field.

During World War II, 428,335 individuals, including partisans, are believed to have received Red Army sniper training, and of those 9,534 obtained higher-level qualifications. Unlike the militaries of other states, these snipers could be men or women. Between 1941–1945, a total of 2,484 Soviet female snipers were functioning in this role, of whom about 500 survived the war.

Partisan (military)
A partisan (or partizan) is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

The term can apply to the field element of resistance movements. The most common use in present parlance in several languages refers to occupation resistance fighters during World War II, especially under the Yugoslav partisan leader Josip Broz Tito.
Tapuy
Tapuy, also spelled tapuey or tapey, is a rice wine produced in the Philippines. It is a traditional beverage and originated from Banaue and Mountain Province, where it is used for important occasions like weddings, rice harvesting ceremonies, fiestas and cultural fairs. It is produced from either pure glutinous rice or a combination of glutinous and non-glutinous rice together with onuad roots, ginger extract, and a powdered starter culture locally known as bubod. Tapuy is an Ilocano name. The wine is more commonly called baya or bayah in Igorot languages.

Igorot people
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera in northern Luzon, Philippines, often referred to by the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples, are an ethnic group composed of 9 main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains are in the Cordillera Mountain Range, altogether numbering about 1.8 million people in the early 21st century.

Their languages belong to the northern Luzon subgroup of Philippine languages, which in turn belongs to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family. A 2014 genetic study has found that the Kankanaey (an Igorot subgroup from Mountain Province), and by extension other indigenous Cordillera groups, descend almost entirely from the ancient Austronesian expansion originating in Taiwan around 3000-2000 BCE
Lymexylidae
The Lymexylidae (historically often spelled Lymexylonidae), also known as ship-timber beetles, are a family of wood-boring beetles. Lymexylidae belong to the suborder Polyphaga and are the sole member of the superfamily Lymexyloidea.

Polyphaga
Polyphaga is the largest and most diverse suborder of beetles. It comprises 144 families in 16 superfamilies, and displays an enormous variety of specialization and adaptation, with over 350,000 described species, or approximately 90% of the beetle species discovered thus far.

Key characteristics of Polyphaga are that the hind coxa (base of the leg) does not divide the first and second abdominal/ventral plates which are known as sternites. Also, the notopleural suture (found under the pronotal shield) is not present.
USNS Tippecanoe
USNS Tippecanoe (T-AO-199) is a Henry J. Kaiser-class underway replenishment oiler operated by the Military Sealift Command (MSC) to support ships of the United States Navy.  She serves in the United States Pacific Fleet. Tippecanoe, the thirteenth ship of the Henry J. Kaiser class, was laid down at Avondale Shipyard, Inc., at New Orleans, Louisiana, on 19 November 1990 and launched on 16 May 1992. She entered non-commissioned U.S. Navy service under the control of the MSC with a primarily civilian crew on 8 February 1993.

Tippecanoe was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 16 to 24 October 1999.  In January 2005, Tippecanoe was part of the American relief effort in response to the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Harry Weese
Harry Mohr Weese (June 30, 1915 – October 29, 1998) was an American architect who had an important role in 20th-century modernism and historic preservation. His brother, Ben Weese, was also a renowned architect.

Reed College
Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus in the Eastmoreland neighborhood, Tudor-Gothic style architecture, and a forested canyon nature preserve at its center. Reed alumni include 123 Fulbright Scholars, 73 Watson Fellows, and three Churchill Scholars.
2016–17 Clemson Tigers men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Clemson Tigers men's basketball team represented Clemson University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by sixth-year head coach Brad Brownell, the Tigers played their home games at Littlejohn Coliseum in Clemson, South Carolina after a one-year of renovation, as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 17–16, 6–12 in ACC play to finish in 12th place. They defeated NC State in the first round of the ACC tournament to advance to the second round where they lost to Duke. They received an invitation to the National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to Oakland.

2017 ACC men's basketball tournament
The 2017 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic Coast Conference and was held at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York from March 7 to 11, 2017. Duke became the first team in history to win four straight games in the ACC Tournament and received the conference's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA tournament with a 75–69 win over Notre Dame.
Konowryggen
Konowryggen is a mountain ridge in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The ridge has a length of nine kilometers. On the eastern side is the glacier Konowbreen, and to the west is Gaffelbreen. The ridge is named after Wollert Konow.

Gaffelbreen
Gaffelbreen (English: fork glacier) is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of seven kilometers, and debouches into St. Jonsfjorden, from the northern side. The upper part of the glacier is split into two branches.
Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy
Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy is a research and learning facility located in northern Leon County, Florida, just off County Road 12 on the north side of Lake Iamonia. Tall Timbers researches the areas of fire ecology, resource management, forestry, game bird management, and vertebrate ecology.

Thomasville, Georgia
Thomasville is a city in and the county seat of Thomas County, Georgia, United States. The population was 18,881 in 2020.

The city deems itself the "City of Roses" and holds an annual Rose Festival. The city features plantations open to the public, a historic downtown, a large farmer's market, and an oak tree from about 1680 at the corner of Monroe and Crawford streets.
Viking Bank
Viking Bank is a Russian regional bank headquartered in Saint-Petersburg. Viking Bank is a part of the Russian Banking System and is governed by the applicable law of the Russian Federation, being the regulatory acts of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and the Charter. Part of this, General Banking License No. 2, was issued by the State Bank of USSR on August 26, 1988. The banks full corporate name is Commercial Bank "Viking" Closed Joint Stock Company. The Bank generally functions on the financial market as a universal credit institution.

State Bank of the USSR
The State Bank of the USSR (Russian: Государственный банк СССР, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy bank SSSR), known as the State Bank of the RSFSR from 1921 to 1923, and commonly referred to as Gosbank (Russian: Госбанк), was the central bank and main component of the single-tier banking system of the Soviet Union. It replaced the State Bank of the Russian Empire, and following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it became the Central Bank of Russia in 1992 (with Gosbank ceasing to exist).

Gosbank was one of the three main Soviet economic authorities, the other two being Gosplan (the State Planning Committee) and Gossnab (the State Committee for Material Technical Supply). It closely collaborated with the Soviet Ministry of Finance to prepare the national state budget.
Srisiddhi Thongjaya
Prince Srisiddhi Thongjaya, the Prince Siridhaj Sangkas (Thai: ศรีสิทธิธงไชย; RTGS: Si Sitthi Thongchai; 16 October 1857 – 11 March 1910) was a Prince of Siam. As a son of King Mongkut and Chao Chom Manda Bua, he was a member of Siamese royal family.

His mother was a daughter of Chao Phraya Nakhon Noi, a son of King Taksin. He was given full name as Phra Chao Borom Wong Ther Phra Ong Chao Srisiddhi Thongjaya Krom Khun Siridhaj Sangkas (Thai: พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าศรีสิทธิธงไชย กรมขุนสิริธัชสังกาศ).

He had 4 siblings: 1 elder brother, 1 younger sister, and 2 younger brothers:

Prince Chalermlaksanaloet

Princess Oradaya Debkanya

Prince Vadhananuwongse

Prince Damrongrit

He was the minister of Finance from 1894 to 1896.

Chaophraya Nakhon (Noi)
Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thai: เจ้าพระยานครศรีธรรมราช; RTGS: Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat), personal name Noi Na Nagara (Thai: น้อย ณ นคร; RTGS: Noi Na Nakhon; 27 August 1776 – 14 May 1838), was the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat or Ligor from 1811 to 1838 and a son of King Taksin. He had important roles in the relations between Siam and the Sultanate of Kedah during the nineteenth century. His modern descendants bear the surname Na Nagara (Thai: ณ นคร), Komarakul Na Nagara (Thai: โกมารกุล ณ นคร) and Chaturangakula (Thai: จาตุรงตกุล). Chao Phraya Nakhon Noi was known in Malay sources as Phya Buri Sakmuton and in contemporary British sources as the Raja of Ligor.
Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education
The Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) are a framework for statistics education in grades Pre-K–12 published by the American Statistical Association (ASA) in 2007. The foundations for this framework are the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in 2000. A second report focused on statistics education at the collegiate level, the GAISE College Report, was published in 2005. Both reports were endorsed by the ASA. Several grants awarded by the National Science Foundation explicitly reference the GAISE documents as influencing or guiding the projects, and several popular introductory statistics textbooks have cited the GAISE documents as informing their approach.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Suristan
The Middle Persian toponym Sūristān, used during the Sasanian period (224–651), had two meanings:

Sūristān, another name for Asoristan, the Sasanian province also known as "Dil-i Ērānshahr"

Sūristān, today's Kufa in Iraq, according to al-Baladhuri's account of the foundation of Kufa

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
I Gave You
I Gave You by Bonny / Sweeney is a CD EP released, July 26, 2005 on Drag City in the US, and Domino in Europe. The title track is taken from the album Superwolf (2005), a collaboration between Will Oldham and Matt Sweeney. The disc is an Enhanced CD, and contains the music video of "I Gave You" directed by Mike Piscitelli.

Will Oldham
Joseph Will Oldham (born January 15, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. From 1993 to 1997, he performed and recorded in collaboration with dozens of other musicians under variations of Palace (Palace, Palace Brothers, Palace Songs, and Palace Music). After briefly publishing music under his own name, in 1998 he adopted Bonnie "Prince" Billy as the name for most of his work.
Mira-sol (Barcelona–Vallès Line)
Mira-Sol is a railway station of the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) train system in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is in the municipality Sant Cugat del Vallès, in the comarca of Vallès Occidental. It is serviced by FGC lines S1, and S7. The station is in fare zone 2C.

The station was opened in 1948 even though trains had already been passing through the station since 1918.

Sant Cugat del Vallès
Sant Cugat del Vallès (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌsaŋ kuˈɣad dəl βəˈʎɛs]) is a town and municipality north of Barcelona, Catalonia. Known as Castrum Octavianum in antiquity (which means the castle of Octavianus) and as Pins del Vallès during the Second Spanish Republic, it is named after Saint Cucuphas, who is said to have been martyred on the spot now occupied by its medieval monastery. The final part of its toponym, del Vallès, is a reference to the historical county where the town is situated, Vallès.
Samaritan source
Samaritan source (⅏) is a symbol used in classical studies to indicate that a referenced textual source is written with the Samaritan script. This character is encoded in Unicode as U+214F ⅏ SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE in the Letterlike Symbols block.

Letterlike Symbols
Letterlike Symbols is a Unicode block containing 80 characters which are constructed mainly from the glyphs of one or more letters. In addition to this block, Unicode includes full styled mathematical alphabets, although Unicode does not explicitly categorize these characters as being "letterlike."