hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Brown (Maryland politician)
John Brown (died December 13, 1815) was an American Congressman from the seventh district of Maryland.

Brown's birth date and location are unknown. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1807 to 1808 and was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eleventh Congress in 1809.

He was reelected to the Twelfth Congress, but resigned before the close of the Eleventh Congress to accept an appointment as clerk of the court of Queen Anne's County, Maryland, an office he held until his death in Centerville, Maryland.

He is interred in Chesterfield Cemetery.

Maryland's 7th congressional district
Maryland's 7th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives encompasses almost the entire city of Baltimore, and some of Baltimore County. The district was created following the census of 1790, which gave Maryland one additional representative in the House. It was abolished in 1843, but was restored in 1950 as a west Baltimore district. It has been drawn as a majority-African American district since 1973. Democrat Kweisi Mfume is the current representative, winning a special election on April 28, 2020, to finish the term of Elijah Cummings, who died in October 2019. Mfume had previously held the seat from 1987 to 1996.
RD-253
The RD-253 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-253, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-253, lit. 'Rocket Engine 253') and its later variants, the RD-275 and RD-275M, are liquid-propellant rocket engines developed in the Soviet Union by Energomash. The engines are used on the first stage of the Proton launch vehicle and use an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle to power the turbopumps. The engine burns a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer, which are highly toxic, but storable at room temperature.

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (abbreviated as UDMH; also known as 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, heptyl or Geptil) is a chemical compound with the formula H2NN(CH3)2 that is primarily used as a rocket propellant. At room temperature, UDMH is a colorless liquid, with a sharp, fishy, ammonia-like smell typical of organic amines. Samples turn yellowish on exposure to air and absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is miscible with water, ethanol, and kerosene. At concentrations between 2.5% and 95% in air, its vapors are flammable. It is not sensitive to shock.

Symmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,2-dimethylhydrazine) also exists, but it is not as useful. UDMH can be oxidized in air to form many different substances, including toxic ones.
Friedrich Brodersen
Friedrich Brodersen (1 December 1873 - 19 March 1926) was a German operatic baritone. Born in Bad Boll, he studied singing with Heinrich Bertram. He made his professional opera debut in 1900. He created roles in several world premieres during his career, including Pantalone in Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari's Le donne curiose (1903), Count Gil in Wolf-Ferrari's Il segreto di Susanna (1909), Simone Trovai in Erich Wolfgang Korngold's Violanta (1916), Morone in Hans Pfitzner's Palestrina (1917), Sang in Heinrich Rohr's Das Vaterunser, and roles in Paul von Klenau's Sulamith (1913), and Walter Braunfels's Die Vögel (1920).

Il segreto di Susanna
Il segreto di Susanna (English: Susanna's Secret, German: Susannens Geheimnis) is an intermezzo in one act by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari to an Italian libretto by Enrico Golisciani. The opera premiered in 1909 and is the most frequently performed of all of Wolf-Ferrari's works. The overture of the work has become a well known concert piece. The opera tells the story of a husband who suspects his wife is having an affair after discovering she smells like cigarettes; only later to discover that her secret is that she is a smoker. Musicologist John C.G. Waterhouse, wrote the following: "Il segreto di Susanna owes its success partly to its disarming simplicity. Lasting barely 45 minutes, with only two singing characters, it is conveniently cheap to produce; and the slender but distinctive idea of the libretto, combined with the elegant if rather miscellaneous charm of the music, has an obvious appeal which even subsequent cancer research has not seriously undermined."
Halfaya
Halfaya (Arabic: حلفايا, also spelled Helfaya) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located about 25 kilometers northwest of Hama. Nearby localities include Mahardah and Shaizar to the west, al-Lataminah and Kafr Zita to the north, Taybat al-Imam and Suran to the east, Khitab and Qamhana to the southeast, Tayzin to the south and Maarzaf to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Halfaya had a population of 21,180 in the 2004 census. It is the largest locality in the Mahardah Subdistrict, which contained 21 localities with a combined population of 80,165 in 2004.

Suran, Hama Governorate
Suran (Arabic: صوران, romanized: Ṣūrān) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate. In the 2004 census, Suran had a population of 29,100. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Ames Stereo Pipeline
The NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP) is an open-source software package for photogrammetry. It can create digital elevation models and ortho images from stereo planetary data acquired with NASA spacecraft, including for the Moon, Mars, and all other bodies with a solid surface, and also from commercial Earth-orbiting satellites, such as Digital Globe and any vendors who support the RPC camera model, e.g., Pléiades and Cartosat. For stereo correlation ASP uses block-matching and semi-global matching. ASP also provides tools for correcting the input camera poses using bundle adjustment, registration of obtained terrain models using iterative closest point, and a tool for refining a 3D terrain model with shape from shading. ASP integrates the ISIS software for processing planetary data. Binary releases are available for Linux and OSX.

Iterative closest point
Iterative closest point (ICP) is a point cloud registration algorithm employed to minimize the difference between two clouds of points. ICP is often used to reconstruct 2D or 3D surfaces from different scans, to localize robots and achieve optimal path planning (especially when wheel odometry is unreliable due to slippery terrain), to co-register bone models, etc.
What's My Favorite Word?
What's My Favorite Word? is the fourteenth solo studio album by American rapper Too $hort. It was released on September 10, 2002, through Jive Records, making it his eleventh album for the label.

Production was handled by Lil' Jon, Shorty B, Ant Banks, Dez, George Clinton, L.A. Dre, LRoc, Taj "Mahal" Tilghman, and Too $hort himself, who also served as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Lil' Jon & the East Side Boyz, Ant Banks, Belita Woods, Big Gipp, B-Legit, Bun B, Devin the Dude, Dolla Will, D'Wayne Wiggins, E-40, George Clinton, Petey Pablo, Pimp C, Roger Troutman Jr., Twista and V-White.

The album reached number 38 on the Billboard 200 and number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts in the United States.

The answer to the question posed in the album's title is "bitch".

The Delinquents (group)
The Delinquents are an American hip hop group from Oakland, California, composed of two members, Glen Jones a.k.a. G-Stack, Vidal Prevost a.k.a. V-White (formerly known as V-Dal) and Ghost Producer Gregory Turner a.k.a. Lord Gregory(formerly known as G-Black. They were established in July 1991 and were known for their playful brand of gangsta rap. G-Stack is a member of Thizz Entertainment.
Badrulzaman Abdul Halim
Badrulzaman Abdul Halim (born on 2 April 1978 Selangor) is a Malaysian footballer who is currently a goalkeeper. He was a member of the Malaysian national team.

He was twice called up for Malaysia squad friendly against Indonesia and India in June and July 2008. He was also included in the 2008 Merdeka Tournament but was not chosen to play.

At the 2008 Myanmar Grand Royal Challenge Cup, Badrulzaman made his international debut against Vietnam on 12 November 2008 although it is not FIFA International 'A' matches. On 18 November 2008, Badrulzaman made his debut in 'A' international matches against Myanmar.

Myanmar national football team
The Myanmar national football team (Burmese: မြန်မာ့လက်ရွေးစင်အမျိုးသားအသင်း) represents Myanmar in men's international association football and is governed by the Myanmar Football Federation. The team has been affiliated with FIFA since 1952 and a member of AFC since 1954.
Peak complexity
Peak complexity is the concept that human societies address problems by adding social and economic complexity but that process is subject to diminishing marginal returns.  Adding additional complexity will then impose growing burdens on those societies, making them more vulnerable to external threats.

Complexity economics
Complexity economics, or economic complexity, is the application of complexity science to the problems of economics. It relaxes several common assumptions in economics, including general equilibrium theory. While it does not reject the existence of an equilibrium, it features a non-equilibrium approach and sees such equilibria as a special case and as an emergent property resulting from complex interactions between economic agents. The complexity science approach has also been applied as the primary field in computational economics.
Manda d-Hayyi
In Mandaeism, Manda d-Hayyi or Manda ḏ-Hiia (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ, lit. 'the 'Gnosis of Life', 'Knowledge of Life', or 'Knower of the Life'', Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈmendɑtˁ ˈhejji] (mandā-ṭ-heyyī): 11  is an uthra (angel or guardian): 8  sent by the Great Life (Hayyi Rabbi, or the Transcendent God) as a messenger to John the Baptist. Manda d-Hayyi is considered to be the most important uthra, since he is the one bringing manda (knowledge or gnosis) to Earth (Tibil).

E. S. Drower
Ethel, Lady Drower (née Ethel May Stefana Stevens; 1 December 1879 – 27 January 1972) was a British cultural anthropologist, orientalist and novelist who studied the Middle East and its cultures. She was and is still considered one of the primary specialists on the Mandaeans, and was a dedicated collector of Mandaean manuscripts.
John Riddle (baseball)
John H. Riddle  (1864–1931) was an American Minor League Baseball player. He played in 11 games for the 1889 Washington Nationals of the National League and 27 games for the 1890 Philadelphia Athletics of the American Association.

John served on the Jury for a murder trial in March of 1891 of Annie C. Leconey.

[The Philadelphia Times Newspaper | Number 5682 | Page 1 Cover (Thursday, March 5th, 1891)

Philadelphia Athletics (American Association)
The Philadelphia Athletics were a professional baseball team, one of six charter members of the American Association, a 19th-century major league, which began play in 1882 as a rival to the National League. The other teams were the Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Red Stockings, Eclipse of Louisville, Pittsburgh Alleghenys, and St. Louis Brown Stockings. The team took its name from a previous team, which played in the National Association from 1871 through 1875 and in the National League in 1876.
Pteroma pendula
Pteroma pendula, the oil palm bagworm or simply bagworm, is a species of bagworm moth found in East and Southeast Asia that infests oil palm plantations.

Pteroma pendula is among most economically damaging pest of oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia, along with Metisa plana. The caterpillars also feed on other trees and shrubs, including Acacia mangium, Delonix regia, Cassia fistula, and Callerya atropurpurea. 31 different species have been identified as host plants for P. pendula. Insecticides are the favoured method of controlling the moth in most commercial plantations. Natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and fungi kill up to 4.85% of the population.

Delonix regia
Delonix regia is a species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae native to Madagascar. It is noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant display of orange-red flowers over summer. In many tropical parts of the world it is grown as an ornamental tree. It is a non-nodulating legume.

Although its country of origin was unknown, it had been in widespread cultivation for centuries. Finally, in 1932, a natural colony was discovered on the west coast of Madagascar by J. Leandri.
Noccidium
Noccidium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It includes two species native to Iran and the Transcaucasus.

Noccidium hastulatum (DC.) F.K.Mey. – southeastern Transcaucasus to northern and central Iran

Noccidium tuberculatum F.K.Mey. – Iran

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Our Lady of Mercy with Saints and Angels
Our Lady of Mercy with Saints and Angels is a tempera on wood painting by Luca Signorelli, created c. 1490, showing Our Lady of Mercy flanked by Saint Sebastian and Bernardino of Siena. It is now in the Diocesan Museum in Pienza.

Luca Signorelli
Luca Signorelli (c. 1441/1445 – 16 October 1523) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cortona, in Tuscany, who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening. His massive frescos of the Last Judgment (1499–1503) in Orvieto Cathedral are considered his masterpiece.

In his early 40s he returned to live in Cortona, after working in Florence, Siena and Rome (1478–84, painting a now lost section of the Sistine Chapel).  With an established reputation, he remained based in Cortona for the rest of his life, but often travelled to the cities of the region to fulfill commissions.  He was probably trained by Piero della Francesca in Florence, as his cousin Giorgio Vasari wrote.

Cortona hosted a major exhibition in 2023 to celebrate the 500th anniversary of his death.
Évreux Portes de Normandie
Évreux Portes de Normandie is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Évreux. It is located in the Eure department, in the Normandy region, northern France. It was created on 1 January 2017 by the merger of the former Communauté d'agglomération d'Évreux and the Communauté de communes La porte normande. On 1 January 2018 it was expanded with 12 communes from three other intercommunalities. Its area is 659.3 km2. Its population was 110,023 in 2015, of which 46,707 in Évreux proper.

Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.
USS Burlington
Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Burlington.

USS Burlington (PF-51) was a Tacoma-class frigate named after the city of Burlington, Iowa

USNS Burlington (T-EPF-10) is a Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport named after the city of Burlington, Vermont

USNS Burlington
USNS Burlington (T-EPF-10) is the tenth Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport and operated by the United States Navy's Military Sealift Command. It is the first ship in naval service named after Burlington, Vermont's largest city.
Pyxine katendei
Pyxine katendei is a species of corticolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in East Africa, it was scientifically described as a new species in 1975 by lichenologists Dougal Swinscow and Hildur Krog. The lichen has a whitish to pale grey thallus that is tightly appressed to its substrate. The lobes comprising the thallus are somewhat convex; they lack pseudocyphellae (tiny pores for air exchange), and have sparse pruina. The thallus underside is black; the internal medulla is white. The lichen contains triterpenoid compounds as well as lichexanthone; the latter substance causes the lichen to fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength UV light.

Pyxine katendei is only known to occur in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya, where it is common on trees and shrubs, typically in sunny locations, and at elevations ranging between 1,000 to 2,100 m (3,300 to 6,900 ft).

Pseudocyphella
Pseudocyphellae (singular pseudocyphella) are structures in lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen.  They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen, and the medullary hyphae extend to the surface.  Pseudocyphellae are the same colour as the medulla of the lichen, which is generally white, but can be yellow in some species of Pseudocyphellaria and in Bryoria fremontii.  The presence/absence, abundance, colour, and shape of pseudocyphellae can all be diagnostic features used to identify different species. They facilitate gas exchange through the surface of the lichen, and may provide an adaptive advantage in temperate environments.
2013 Copa ASOBAL
The 2013 Copa ASOBAL was the 24th edition of the Copa ASOBAL. It took place in the Palau Blaugrana, in Barcelona, Catalonia, on 21 & 22 December 2013. The tournament was hosted by FC Barcelona and Barcelona city council, being the second time Barcelona hosts Copa ASOBAL.

FC Barcelona won its overall ninth title, third in a row and qualified for 2014–15 EHF Champions League.

2014–15 EHF Champions League
The 2014–15 VELUX EHF Champions League was the 55th edition of Europe's premier club handball competition and the 22nd edition under the current EHF Champions League format. SG Flensburg-Handewitt were the defending champions.

FC Barcelona Handbol defeated Veszprém KC 28–23 in the final to win their eighth EHF Champions League title. The record winners of the European top flight also claimed one trophy of the Champions Cup (the EHF Champions League forerunner) in 1991.
Quintus Pleminius
Quintus Pleminius was a propraetor (legatus pro praetore) in 205 BC. He was given command over Locri in Bruttium by Scipio Africanus after its recapture, considered the "outstanding event" in Sicilian operations that year. His governorship, if it should be called that, ended in sacrilege and murder.

Locri
Locri is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy. Its name derives from that of the ancient Greek region of Locris. Today it is an important administrative and cultural center on the Ionian Coast and within its province.
John Thorpe (priest)
The Venerable John Henry Thorpe, MA, BD (1855 – 7 January 1932) was Archdeacon of Macclesfield from 1921 until his death.

Thorpe was born in West Derby, Liverpool to Irish parents. He was educated at The High School, Dublin and Trinity College, Dublin he held incumbencies at St Peter's, Cork, St Saviour's, Nottingham and St George's, Stockport before his years as an Archdeacon.

He married Martha Aylmer Hall. His son John Henry Thorpe was the Coalition Conservative MP for Manchester Rusholme from 1919 to 1923.  His grandson was Jeremy Thorpe, Liberal Party leader.

He died on 7 January 1932.

Bachelor of Divinity
In Western universities, a Bachelor of Divinity or Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD, DB, or BDiv; Latin: Baccalaureus Divinitatis) is an academic degree awarded for a course taken in the study of divinity or related disciplines, such as theology or, rarely, religious studies.

At the University of Cambridge, the Bachelor of Divinity degree is considered senior to the university's PhD degree.

In the Catholic universities the Bachelor of Sacred Theology (STB) is often called the Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD) and is treated as a postgraduate qualification.

In America, the BD was largely replaced by the Master of Divinity.
Lake County Fielders
The Lake County Fielders were an American professional minor league baseball team based in Zion, Illinois, located in Lake County in the northern reaches of the Chicago area.  The Fielders were owned by Grand Slam Sports & Entertainment, LLC, based in Deerfield. The primary owner was Richard Ehrenreich. Actor Kevin Costner, whose filmography includes baseball films Bull Durham (1988), Field of Dreams (1989), and For Love of the Game (1999), also had ownership interest in the team. A permanent stadium was never constructed.

The Fielders were a member of the Northern League in 2010 and joined the North American League in 2011 as part of the Northern Division. The team announced on April 10, 2012, that they would not be fielding a team for the 2012 baseball season.

Deerfield, Illinois
Deerfield is a village in Lake and Cook counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. A northern suburb of Chicago, Deerfield is located on the North Shore, about 28 miles (45 km) north of downtown Chicago. The population was 19,196 at the 2020 census.

Deerfield is home to the headquarters of Walgreens Boots Alliance, Baxter Healthcare, and Fortune Brands Home & Security. Deerfield is often listed among the wealthiest and highest-earning places in Illinois and the Midwest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the median household income in Deerfield was $185,762 in 2022.
Stac Levenish
Stac Levenish or Stac Leibhinis (sometimes simply called Levenish/Leibhinis) is a sea stack in the St Kilda archipelago in Scotland. Lying 2.5 kilometres (1+1⁄4 nautical miles) off Village Bay on Hirta, it is part of the rim of an extinct volcano that includes Dùn, Ruaival and Mullach Sgar.

The stack is 62 metres (203 ft) high. Its north cliff appears to have the profile of a human face, visible when travelling to St Kilda from the east. The skerry of Na Bodhan lies to the north east.

The stack was climbed recreationally in the early 1900s; Norman Heathcote mentions a moderately difficult ascent in 1900, as part of a climbing expedition that also included an ascent of Stac Lee.

There is another smaller and unnamed rock on Stac Levenish' south-west. It is visible on Google Maps.

Skerry
A skerry (/ˈskɛri/ SKERR-ee) is a small rocky island, or islet, usually too small for human habitation. It may simply be a rocky reef. A skerry can also be called a low sea stack.

Skerries may have vegetative life such as moss and small, hardy grasses. They are often used as resting places by animals such as seals and birds.
SMC Lähiörotat
SMC Lähiörotat was a group of Finnish rap artists with their songs focusing in the underground life of Helsinki. Their debut album Raffii Suomi-flättii was released on June 15, 2011. It peaked at #2 on the Finnish Album Chart.

SMC is known for their humorous  skateboarding-themed songs and music videos and their extensive and innovative use of Helsinki slang . Their lyrics are often satirical portraits of skateboarding culture, petty criminal lifestyle and vandalism.

Official Finnish Charts
The Official Finnish Charts (Finnish: Suomen virallinen lista; Swedish: Finlands officiella lista) are national record charts in Finland compiled and published by Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. The name Suomen virallinen lista/Finlands officiella lista (lit. "the Official Finnish Chart"), which is singular in both Finnish and Swedish, is used generically to refer to both the albums and the singles chart, and the context (albums or songs) reveals which chart is meant.