hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kokichi Nishimura
Kōkichi Nishimura (西村幸吉, Nishimura Kōkichi; 8 December 1919 – 25 October 2015) was a Japanese soldier and businessman who devoted his post-retirement years to traveling to Papua New Guinea to recover the remains of his former comrades and other Japanese soldiers who died during World War II. His life was described in the 2008 book The Bone Man of Kokoda by Australian journalist Charles Happell.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働省, Kōsei-rōdō-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Health and Labour'; MHLW) is a cabinet level ministry of the Japanese government. It is commonly known as Kōrō-shō (厚労省) in Japan. The ministry provides services on health, labour and welfare.

The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare is a member of the Cabinet and is chosen by the Prime Minister, typically from among members of the Diet.
Dong River (South Korea)
The Dong River (Korean: 동강) is a river in Yeongwol and Jeongseon county,  South Korea. It remains the cleanest river and region in a country that has undergone sharp industrial development. It is a tributary to the South Han River that covers an area of 60 km. The Donggang River follows a snake-like path splitting the chiselled cliffs surrounding it. Many tourists visit the area to see rare animals such as otters, Mandarin ducks, and Chinese scop owls. It is largely recommended to experience rafting in Donggang. However, the tourists are getting together year by year and water pollution is concerned within river area.

Mandarin duck
The mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) is a perching duck species native to the East Palearctic. It is sexually dimorphic; the males are elaborately coloured, while the females have more subdued colours. It is a medium-sized duck, at 41–49 cm (16–19 in) long with a 65–75 cm (26–30 in) wingspan. It is closely related to the North American wood duck, the only other member of the genus Aix. 'Aix' is an Ancient Greek word which was used by Aristotle to refer to an unknown diving bird, and 'galericulata' is the Latin for a wig, derived from galerum, a cap or bonnet. Outside of its native range, the mandarin duck has a large introduced population in the British Isles and Western Europe, with additional smaller introductions in North America.
Al-Mudhaibi
Al-Mudhaibi (Arabic: المضيبي) is the largest willaya in Ash Sharqiyah region of Oman. It has two niabas: Sinaw and Samad Ash Shan. Suq Sinaw is one of the most popular suqs in Oman. Dresses, khanjars and jewelry are sold there. It includes villages like Al Sudairah, Barzman, and Al Zahib.

On 25 November 2019, 45 well-preserved tombs covering a 50-80 square metre area and a settlement, dating back to beginning of the Iron Age, has been discovered in Al-Mudhaibi, specifically in Al Saleeli mountain by archaeologists from Oman and Heidelberg University. Archaeologists believed that the site belonged to the miners who were working in copper mining.

Khanjar
A khanjar is a traditional dagger originating from the Sultanate of Oman. Worn by men for ceremonial occasions, it is a short curved blade shaped like the letter "J" and resembles a hook.

It can be made from a variety of different materials, depending on the quality of its craftsmanship. It is a popular souvenir among tourists and is sold in souqs throughout the region. A national symbol of the sultanate, the khanjar is featured on Oman's national emblem and on the Omani rial. It also features in logos and commercial imagery by companies based in Oman.
136th Airlift Wing
The 136th Airlift Wing is a unit of the Texas Air National Guard, stationed at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas. If activated to federal service, the wing is gained by the United States Air Force's Air Mobility Command (AMC).

Central Air Defense Force
The Central Air Defense Force (CADF) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.  Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base, Missouri.  It was inactivated on 1 July 1960.
Masashi Sato
Masashi Sato (佐藤主迪, Sato Masashi; born 4 September 1994) is a Japanese politician serving as a member of the House of Representatives since 2026. From 2018 to 2025, he worked at Mitsubishi UFJ Securities. From 2017 to 2018, he worked at Barclays.

Mitsubishi UFJ Securities
Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (三菱UFJ証券株式会社, Mitsubishi UFJ Shōken Kabushiki Kaisha), also known as MUFG Securities, is the investment banking arm of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), a financial services company which is the largest in Japan measured by assets. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.
Francesch
Francesch is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Homero Francesch (born 1947), Uruguay-born Swiss pianist

José Francesch (1908–1964), Spanish swimmer

Raffaele Francesch (born 1960), Italian swimmer

Raffaele Franceschi
Raffaele Franceschi (born 18 May 1960) is an Italian swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay at the 1983 European Aquatics Championships. He also competed at the 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics and finished fifth in the 100 m and 4 × 200 m freestyle events in 1980.

His brother, Giovanni Franceschi, is also a retired Olympic swimmer. In the 2000s, Raffaele was competing in the masters category.
Merimnetria flaviterminella
Merimnetria flaviterminella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii.

The wingspan is about 11 mm. The forewings are chocolate brown, with fuscous suffusion, especially at the base and along the costa and fold. There are a few steel-gray scales scattered about the end of the cell and beyond it, also about the middle of the fold and the costal and tornal cilia are grayish fuscous, terminal cilia pale ocherous. The hindwings are brownish fuscous.

The larvae possibly mine the leaves of Hedyotis species.

Hedyotis
Hedyotis (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa and H. diffusa are well known medicinal plants. Hedyotis is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and to islands of the northwest Pacific. It comprises about 115 species. The type species for the genus is Hedyotis fruticosa.

Hedyotis was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum. This generic name is derived from two Greek words, hedys, "sweet", and otos, "ear", in reference to the sweet-scented, ear-shaped leaves of some species.
Percy Macquoid
Percy Thomas MacQuoid RI (January 1852 – 20 March 1925) was a British theatrical designer and a collector and connoisseur of English furniture, and the author of articles, largely for Country Life, and of four books on the history of English furniture, the first major survey of the subject, which have been reprinted and are still of use today: The Age of Oak, The Age of Walnut, The Age of Mahogany and The Age of Satinwood, ending his surveys about the year 1800.

These terms, particularly the first three, have become the standard terms for referring to these different periods and styles. Despite this respect for his observations and commentary, his historical research has often been queried. He collaborated with Ralph Edwards on The Dictionary of English Furniture (three volumes, 1924–1927). Macquoid's books were published by Country Life.

Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours
The Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours (RI), initially called the New Society of Painters in Water Colours, is one of the societies in the Federation of British Artists, based in the Mall Galleries in London.
Lettau (surname)
People with the surname Lettau include:

Andre Lettau, German poker player

Georg Lettau (1878–1951), German lichenologist

Heinz Lettau (1909–2005), professor of meteorology at the University of Wisconsin

Kevyn Lettau (born 1959), American jazz vocalist

Reinhard Lettau (1929–1996), German-American writer and professor

Georg Lettau
Georg Lettau (1878–1951) was a German ophthalmologist and lichenologist who made contributions to the study of lichens in Central Europe. Born in Weißenfels, he initially pursued natural sciences before switching to medicine, maintaining his botanical interests throughout his career. Despite the professional and financial challenges that frequently interrupted his scientific work, particularly during the post-World War I inflation period, Lettau amassed an extensive lichen collection and published numerous works on Central European lichens. His most significant contribution was a comprehensive 14-volume work on the lichen funga of Central Europe, and he identified several new lichen species. Lettau's scientific legacy is preserved in the Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, and his influence on lichenology is commemorated through several fungal taxa named in his honour.
Theresa Viglione
Theresa Viglione was an Italian and South African woman famous for saving the lives of many Voortrekkers in 1838 when she warned a group of them of an impending attack initiated by Zulu king Dingane. She is immortalized on a frieze in a Voortrekker monument in Pretoria, South Africa

Bushman's River
The Bushman's River (Afrikaans: Boesmansrivier) is an east to north-easterly flowing tributary of the Tugela River, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It rises in the Drakensberg Mountain range, with its upper catchment in the Giant's Castle Game Reserve, north of the Giant's Castle promontory. It feeds the Wagendrift Dam and then flows past the town of Estcourt to join the Tugela River near the town of Weenen.

Its tributaries include the Little Bushmans River which joins the Bushmans River at Estcourt, Rensburgspruit, Mtontwanes River and the Mugwenya River. The Wagendrift Dam near Estcourt is its major reservoir. Several densely populated rural villages, many inhabited by the amaHlubi, are found in the river's upper catchment area.  The river is flanked by the Bloukrans River to the north and the Mooi River to the south.
Maneet Ahuja
Maneet Ahuja is an American author, journalist, television news producer, and hedge fund specialist.  She is a producer of CNBC's morning business news program, Squawk Box.  Her 2012 book, The Alpha Masters: Unlocking the Genius of the World's Top Hedge Funds, was published by John Wiley & Sons and nominated for an FT / Goldman Sachs Book of the Year Award.  Forbes named her to their "30 Under 30" list of media figures for 2012.  Ahuja has also produced a number of business events including CNBC's Delivering Alpha conference, a hedge fund summit that she created and co-developed. Ahuja serves on the Council of Advocates for Mt. Sinai Hospital and is on the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. Her next book is The Techtonics.

John Paulson
John Alfred Paulson (born December 14, 1955) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager. He leads Paulson & Co., a New York-based investment management firm he founded in 1994. He has been called "one of the most prominent names in high finance".

He acquired much of his fortune in 2007 when he earned almost $4 billion and was transformed "from an obscure money manager into a financial legend" by using credit default swaps to effectively bet against the U.S. subprime mortgage lending market. In 2010, Paulson earned $4.9 billion. Forbes estimated his net worth at $3.8 billion as of August 2025.
Kozhukh
A kozhukh (Ukrainian: кожух) is a traditional Ukrainian fur coat.

Generally worn in the winter, the kozhukh was normally made of sheepskin, sometimes decorated with embroidery and with leather, cords, tassels, and other accessories. They were tight at the waist, sometimes very long.  There were two main variations, those with straight backs and those with detached backs.

Variations of the kozhukh were worn throughout Ukraine, but it was primarily used in the middle Dnieper River region, including the Left Bank and steppe areas, and in Polissya.  They were especially popular during the Cossack Hetmanate period, though they were also worn during the Kievan Rus' period.  In the last decade, coats based on the traditional Kozhukh have become fashionable again in Ukraine.

Left-bank Ukraine
The Left-bank Ukraine is a historic region in north-central and central Ukraine. It is located on the left (east) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv and Poltava. as well as the eastern parts of Kyiv and Cherkasy, and the western part of Sumy.

Left-bank Ukraine is bordered by the historical regions of Right-bank Ukraine to the southwest, Zaporizhzhia to the southeast, Sloboda Ukraine to the east, and Polesia and White Ruthenia to the north.

Largest cities are Kyiv (eastern part), Chernihiv, Poltava and Kremenchuk.
Loaded Poets
Loaded Poets is an American rock band, formed in North Brunswick, New Jersey in January 1980, by Jim Wood (vocals), Dan Snyder (keyboards), John Kayne (guitar), Mark Francione (bass), and Eric Hoffer (drums).  The band has played together for over 30 years.  The band is the subject of the upcoming documentary film 'The Front Man' by filmmaker Paul Devlin.

North Brunswick, New Jersey
North Brunswick is a township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is centrally located in the Raritan Valley region within the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 43,905, an increase of 3,163 (+7.8%) from the 2010 census count of 40,742, which in turn reflected an increase of 3,455 (+12.3%) from the 36,287 counted in the 2000 census.

North Brunswick is located south of New Brunswick. It was named for its earlier-established neighbor, South Brunswick. Brunswick comes from New Brunswick, which was named after the German city of Braunschweig, formerly translated in English as Brunswick or for the British royal House of Brunswick. North and South Brunswick, in turn, became the namesakes for East Brunswick. Alternatively, the city gets its name from King George II of Great Britain, the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
Gaviiformes
Gaviiformes (/ˈɡævi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/) is an order of aquatic birds containing the loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives. Modern gaviiformes are found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia (Europe, Asia and debatably Africa), though prehistoric species were more widespread.

Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy
In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and  symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.

Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy all mean a trait shared between species because they share an ancestral species.

Apomorphic and synapomorphic characteristics convey information about evolutionary clades and can be used to define taxa. However, plesiomorphic and symplesiomorphic characteristics cannot.

The term symplesiomorphy was introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig.
William Grosvenor
William Percy Grosvenor (18 July 1869 – 5 June 1948) was a British sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and 1920 Summer Olympics.

Grosvenor was born 18 July 1869 in Hackney, London the son of William and Emily Harriett Grosvenor.

In 1912, he won the silver medal with the British team in the team clay pigeons competition. In the individual trap event he finished 16th. At the end of 1912, he married Ida Vincent in Stroud Green, Haringey, London. Eight years later, he finished fourth as a member of the British team in the team clay pigeons competition.

Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap (originally called clay bird shooting) was a shooting sports event held as part of the shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1900. The competition was held from Tuesday, 2 July 1912 to Thursday, 4 July 1912. Each nation could send up to 12 shooters. Sixty-one sport shooters from eleven nations competed. The event was won by James Graham of the United States. Silver went to Alfred Goeldel of Germany and bronze to Haralds Blaus of the Russian Empire. Each of the nations on the podium was making its debut in the event. Graham also received Lord Westbury's Cup, a challenge prize instituted in 1908.
Monthey–Champéry–Morgins railway
The Monthey–Champéry–Morgins railway (French: Chemin de fer Monthey–Champéry–Morgins, MCM) was a metre gauge railway operating in the Chablais region of Switzerland.

The concession to build the line was awarded on 22 June 1899 but the work proceeded slowly.  It was the original intention to complete the work at the same time as the Chemin de fer Aigle-Ollon-Monthey, with which it made an end-on junction, the two lines opening together in April 1907.  The line eventually opened to passenger traffic on 30 January 1908.  There was also to be a branch line, leaving the main line at Val d'Illiez, to Morgins.  Although that line was never built due to poor economic expectations, the village remained in the company title until amalgamation.

Nowadays the line is part of a larger, regional system operated, along with local bus services, by the Transports Publics du Chablais.

At least one railcar was preserved, a BCFeh 4/4 no.6.  It runs at the Blonay–Chamby Museum Railway.

Blonay–Chamby Museum Railway
The Blonay–Chamby Museum Railway (French: Chemin de fer-musée Blonay-Chamby, BC) is a short 3-kilometre-long (1.9 mi) steep but adhesion worked metre gauge heritage railway operated as part of the Blonay–Chamby Railway Museum using vintage steam and electric locomotives and rolling stock. It uses the Blonay–Chamby railway line, originally built by the Chemins de fer électriques Veveysans. It is rail-connected at both ends: at its upper terminus, Chamby Station on the Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line and at the lower end, Blonay station on the Vevey–Les Pléiades railway line operated by Transports Montreux–Vevey–Riviera.
Rupert R. Beetham
Rupert Rennison Beetham (August 29, 1877 – May 5, 1933) was a Republican politician in the U.S. state of Ohio who was Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives 1921–1922.

Beetham was born in Greensburg, Trumbull County, Ohio. He was educated at the Canton High School, Scio College and the Ohio State University School of Law. He lettered in Football at Ohio State in for the 1899 team with a record of 9–0–1.

Beetham was a lawyer, farmer, and teacher. He belonged to the Free Masons and the Knights of Pythias. He was a member of the School board of Cadiz Schools starting in 1904, and served as postmaster of Cadiz, Ohio from 1906–1914. He was married and lived in Cadiz. He was a Methodist.

He died at a Columbus hospital of complications of arteriosclerosis in 1933. He had been in declining health for several years. He was 55. He had previously been the prohibition director in the administration of governor Myers Y. Cooper. His funeral was held May 7, 1933 in Cadiz.

Harrison Central High School (Ohio)
Harrison Central Junior/Senior High School is located in Cadiz, Ohio, United States.  It is the only high school in the Harrison Hills City School District. Their mascot is the Huskies and they compete in the Ohio High School Athletic Association as a member of the Buckeye 8 Athletic League as well as the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference.

The school was established in 1999 from the consolidation of Cadiz High School (Cardinals), Jewett-Scio High School (Vikings), and Freeport Lakeland High School (Raiders).
Chionodes retiniella
Chionodes retiniella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae first described by William Barnes and August Busck in 1920. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, British Columbia, Washington, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and California.

The wingspan is 18–21 mm. The forewings are white, heavily overlaid with light ocherous scales, which only leaves the white ground color exposed on a very diffused outwardly oblique fascia from the basal fourth of the costa to the basal third of the dorsum, on a similarly ill-defined transverse fascia across the middle of the wing and on a somewhat better defined transverse fascia at apical fourth. The hindwings are silvery fuscous.

The larvae feed on Pinus ponderosa, Pinus sabiniana and Tsuga heterophylla.

Tsuga heterophylla
Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock. It typically grows to 70 metres (230 feet) tall and is long-lived at high elevations. Native to the northwest coast of North America, it is a source of timber, tannin, and edible cambium.
Damn Yankees
Damn Yankees is a 1955 musical comedy with a book by George Abbott and Douglass Wallop, music and lyrics by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross.  The story is a modern retelling of the Faust legend set during the 1950s in Washington, D.C., during a time when the New York Yankees dominated Major League Baseball. It is based on Wallop's 1954 novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant.

The show ran for 1,019 performances in its original Broadway production. Adler and Ross's success with it and The Pajama Game seemed to point to a bright future for them, but Ross suddenly died of chronic bronchiectasis at age 29, several months after Damn Yankees opened.

Arena Stage
Arena Stage is a not-for-profit regional theater based in Southwest, Washington, D.C. Established in 1950, it was the first racially integrated theater in Washington, D.C., and its founders helped start the U.S. regional theater movement. It has three stages.

The current Artistic Director is Hana S. Sharif. It is the largest company in the country dedicated to American plays and playwrights. Arena Stage commissions and develops new plays through its Power Plays initiative. The company serves an annual audience of more than 300,000. Its productions have received numerous local and national awards, including the Tony Award for best regional theater and over 600 Helen Hayes Awards.
52nd Indian Brigade
The 52nd Indian Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Indian Army  that saw active service with the Indian Army during the First World War.  It took part in the Mesopotamian campaign and formed part of the occupation force for Iraq post-war.  It was not reformed for the Second World War.

Indian Army during World War I
The Indian Army, also called the British Indian Army, was involved in World War I as part of the British Empire. More than one million Indian troops served overseas, of whom more than 60,000 died during the war.

In World War I the Indian Army fought against the German Empire on the Western Front. At the First Battle of Ypres, Khudadad Khan became the first Indian to be awarded a Victoria Cross. Indian divisions were also sent to Egypt, Gallipoli, German East Africa and nearly 700,000 served in Mesopotamia against the Ottoman Empire. While some divisions were sent overseas others had to remain in India guarding the North West Frontier and on internal security and training duties.

Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from 1942 asserted that the British "couldn't have come through both World War I and II if they hadn't had the Indian Army."