hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Canadian honours
The following are the appointments to various Canadian honours of 2022. Usually, they are announced as part of the New Year and Canada Day celebrations and are published within the Canada Gazette during the year. This follows the custom set out within the United Kingdom which publishes its appoints of various British Honours for New Year's and for monarch's official birthday. However, instead of the midyear appointments announced on Victoria Day, the official birthday of the Canadian Monarch, this custom has been transferred with the celebration of Canadian Confederation and the creation of the Order of Canada.

However, as the Canada Gazette publishes appointment to various orders, decorations and medal, either Canadian or from Commonwealth and foreign states, this article will reference all Canadians so honoured during the 2022 calendar year.

The first appointments to the Order of Canada were announced on December 29, 2021.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Ennuyire (TV series)
Ennuyire (transl. Oh, my life) is an Indian Tamil-language soap opera that aired Monday through Thursday on MediaCorp Vasantham from 7 December 2015 to 30 March 2016 at 10:00PM SST for 62 episodes.

The show starred Aravind Naidu, Nithiya Rao, Jobu Deen Faruk and Bharathi Rani Arunachalam among others. It was produced and director by Roja Tamilmaran and Kumaran Sundram.

Vasantham (TV channel)
Vasantham (Tamil: வசந்தம், lit. 'Spring') is a Tamil-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore. Owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp, the channel broadcasts entertainment and news programming targeting the Singaporean Tamil community.
Augusta Mall
Augusta Mall is a two-level super-regional shopping mall in Augusta, Georgia, United States. It is one of the largest malls in the state of Georgia, and it is the largest mall in the Augusta metropolitan area. The anchor stores are Dick's Sporting Goods, JCPenney, Dillard's, Macy's, and Barnes & Noble. The mall has one vacant anchor store that was once Sears. The vacant Sears is set to be partially anchored by Primark.

Dillard's
Dillard's, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1938 by William T. Dillard. It is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and operates approximately 272 stores in 30 states. Currently, the largest number of stores are located in Texas with 57 and Florida with 42.
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (French pronunciation: [etjɛn ʒɔfʁwa sɛ̃t‿ilɛʁ]; 15 April 1772 – 19 June 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition".  He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories.  Geoffroy's scientific views had a transcendental flavor (unlike Lamarck's materialistic views) and were similar to those of German morphologists like Lorenz Oken. He believed in the underlying unity of organismal design, and the possibility of the transmutation of species in time, amassing evidence for his claims through research in comparative anatomy, paleontology, and embryology. He is considered as a predecessor of the evo-devo evolutionary concept.

Lorenz Oken
Lorenz Oken (1 August 1779 – 11 August 1851) was a German naturalist, botanist, biologist, and ornithologist. He became a professor of natural history at the University of Jena and from 1833 at the newly founded University of Zurich. He founded the journal Isis.
Zakhar Pashutin
Zakhar Yuryevich Pashutin (Russian: Захар Юрьевич Пашутин; born May 3, 1974, in Sochi, USSR) is a retired Russian professional basketball player and basketball coach. At a height of 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in), and a weight of 95 kg (209 lb), he played as a shooting guard. He was also a member of the senior Russian national team, from 1996 to 2008. He is assistant coach for Parma Basket of the VTB United League.

VTB United League
The VTB United League (Russian: Единая Лига ВТБ) is an international professional men's club basketball league that was founded in 2009. As of the 2025–26 season, it consists exclusively of Russian clubs. Since 2013, it is the first tier of Russian professional club basketball. Therefore, the highest placed Russian team in the league can also be named the Russian national champions. The league is sponsored by Russian state-owned VTB Bank. In 2009 CSKA Moscow won VTB United League Promo-Cup, but this competition does not count as official VTB title. CSKA has dominated the league, having won majority of titles its existence. The VTB United League also holds a youth competition, the VTB United Youth League.
Charles Cannon (jockey)
Charles Edward Cannon (1884-1963), was a British jockey.

He was apprenticed to his father, Tom Cannon, Sr., as a jockey at 14. He won the last race at Stockbridge in 1898 on Moon Wave. Charles enlisted in the 19th Hussars Gloucestershire regiment and was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the first World War. He saw action in Ypres, the Somme and other campaigns. Cannon was shot in the head, buried alive, and received shell shock and mustard gas injuries, which he recovered in Netley in 1919. Before the war, Cannon was an accomplished pianist playing at the Royal Albert Hall for King Edward.

Charles married Dorothy Thrush in 1916 and moved to West Wellow. They had nine children named Tom, Peter, Margeret, Nina, Mornington, Joan, Sheila, Terence, and Patricia.

19th Royal Hussars
The 19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, created in 1858. After serving in the First World War, it was amalgamated with the 15th The King's Hussars to form the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars in 1922.
1980 Minnesota House of Representatives election
The 1980 Minnesota House of Representatives election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1980, to elect members to the House of Representatives of the 72nd Minnesota Legislature. A primary election was held on September 9, 1980.

The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) won a majority of seats, remaining the majority party, followed by the Independent-Republicans of Minnesota. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 1981.

Minnesota Legislature
The Minnesota Legislature is the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The legislature originally met at the old Territorial Capitol in Saint Paul and now convenes at the Minnesota State Capitol. The Senate consists of 67 seats, the House 134 seats and the legislators serve without term limits.

The legislature meets between January and the first Monday following the third Saturday in May each year, not to exceed 120 legislative days per biennium. Floor sessions are held in the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul.

In the 94th Legislature (2025-2026) the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) Party controls the Senate with 34 of the 67 seats and the House evenly split between the DFL and Republicans, with both parties holding 67 of the 134 seats.
Pretoro
Pretoro (locally Pretèure) is a town of about 1,100 inhabitants situated in Majella National Park, in the province of Chieti, Abruzzo, southern Italy.  It is located on a steep hillside on the eastern side of the Maiella mountains. Its proximity to Passo Lanciano-La Majelletta ski area, guarantees the availability of winter sports, while the town is also only 20 minutes by car from the Adriatic Sea. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Maiella National Park
Maiella National Park (Italian: Parco Nazionale della Maiella) is located in the provinces of Chieti, Pescara and L'Aquila, in the region of Abruzzo, Italy.
It is centered on the Maiella massif, of which Monte Amaro is the highest peak, at 2,793 m (9,163 ft) elevation.

It is one of Italy's 24 national parks and one of three national parks in Abruzzo. It was established in 1991.

The 740.95 km2 (286.08 sq mi) large area of Maiella National Park, especially the Montagna della Majella, has been subject to a major international geoscientific research project, TaskForceMajella, from 1998 up to 2005. Along the northern slope of the mountain for thousands of years hydrocarbon extraction has occurred from spontaneous seepages and shallow wells. On 21 April 2021, Maiella National Park was declared a UNESCO Global Geopark under the name of Majella Geopark.
2023 MBC Drama Awards
The 2023 MBC Drama Awards (Korean: 2023 MBC 연기대상; Hanja: 2023 MBC 演技大賞; RR: 2023 MBC Yeon-gi Daesang), presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) took place at MBC Media Center Public Hall in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul on December 30, 2023. Kim Sung-joo hosted the award ceremony fourth year in succession, along with Park Gyu-young, in her first hosting assignment since her debut. The award ceremony will be broadcast live on MBC, Naver Now and YouTube.

Sangam-dong
Sangam-dong (Korean: 상암동) is a legal dong (neighborhood) of Mapo District, Seoul, South Korea. In the wake of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, a large apartment complex and Digital Media City (DMC) business district have been created and developed into the center of western Seoul.
Spruce Finance
Spruce Finance is an American consumer finance company specializing in the residential solar finance and efficiency home improvement sectors in the U.S.

The company operates its efficiency business in 50 states and its solar business in 25 states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont and Washington.

Home improvement
Home improvement is the process of renovating, making improvements or making additions to one's home. Home improvement can consist of projects that upgrade an existing home interior (such as electrical and plumbing), exterior (masonry, concrete, siding, roofing) or other improvements to the property (i.e. garden work or garage maintenance/additions). Home improvement projects can be carried out for a number of different reasons; personal preference and comfort, maintenance or repair work, making a home bigger by adding rooms/spaces, as a means of saving energy, or to improve safety.
8th Carrier Air Group
The 8th Carrier Air Group (8th CAG) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) carrier air group of the Royal Navy (RN). It was formed in June 1945, for service in the British Pacific Fleet, until disbanding the following year, in April 1946. The group was allocated to the name ship of her class HMS Implacable.

Torpedo bomber
A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes. Torpedo bombers came into existence just before the First World War almost as soon as aircraft were built that were capable of carrying the weight of a torpedo, and remained an important aircraft type until they were rendered obsolete by anti-ship missiles. They were an important element in many famous Second World War battles, notably the British attack at Taranto, the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck, the sinking of the British battleship HMS Prince Of Wales and the British battlecruiser HMS Repulse and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
King Island (Queensland)
King Island is part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park at the tip of Cape Melville, Queensland in Bathurst Bay.

It is northeast of Denham Island and Flinders Island in the Flinders Group National Park. King Island (Erobin) lies off the coast of Queensland.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park protects a large part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef from damaging activities. It is a vast multiple-use Marine Park which supports a wide range of uses, including commercial marine tourism, fishing, ports and shipping, recreation, scientific research and Indigenous traditional use. Fishing and the removal of artefacts or wildlife (fish, coral, seashells, etc.) is strictly regulated, and commercial shipping traffic must stick to certain specific defined shipping routes that avoid the most sensitive areas of the park. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest and best known coral reef ecosystem in the world. Its reefs, almost 3000 in total, represent about 10 per cent of all the coral reef areas in the world. It supports an amazing variety of biodiversity, providing a home to thousands of coral and other invertebrate species, bony fish, sharks, rays, marine mammals, marine turtles, sea snakes, as well as algae and other marine plants.
Stoke Space Nova
Nova is a fully reusable medium-lift launch vehicle being developed by Stoke Space. Announced in October 2023, Stoke Space plans to use two stages with an expected payload capacity of 3 tons (3,000 kg) to low Earth orbit (LEO), with the first stage being able to perform a return-to-launch-site (RTLS) or a drone ship landing. The first stage will have 7 full-flow staged combustion rocket engines, burning methalox. The second stage will use a hydrolox (liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen) engine with 24 thrust chambers ringing a regeneratively cooled heatshield, eliminating the need for thermal tiles. A center passive bleed in the second stage aims to create an aerospike engine-like effect for improved efficiency.

The vehicle was selected as part of the Space Force's Orbital Services Program.

Regenerative cooling (rocketry)
In rocket engine design, regenerative cooling is a configuration in which some or all of the propellant is passed through tubes, channels, or in a jacket around the combustion chamber or nozzle to cool the engine. This is effective because the propellants are often cryogenic. The heated propellant is then fed into a special gas-generator or injected directly into the main combustion chamber.
Hong Soon-hak
Hong Soon-Hak (Korean: 홍순학; born 19 September 1980) is a South Korean footballer who plays as midfielder.

He has previously played for Daegu FC, Suwon Samsung Bluewings, Grazer AK, Goyang Zaicro and Persija.

Goyang Zaicro FC
Goyang Zaicro Football Club (Korean: 고양 자이크로 FC) was a South Korean professional football team based in Goyang. The club competed in the K League Challenge between 2013 and 2016. They played their home games at Goyang Stadium.

The club traces its origins to Immanuel FC, a Christian football club founded in 1983. The team previously played in Iksan and Gimpo before moving to Ansan.
Security and privacy of iOS
The iOS operating system utilizes many security features in both hardware and software. These include a secure boot chain, biometric authentication (Face ID and Touch ID), data encryption, app sandboxing, and the Secure Enclave—a dedicated coprocessor for sensitive data. iOS also employs memory protection techniques like address space layout randomization (ASLR) and non-executable memory, and includes features like App Transport Security and two-factor authentication to enhance user privacy. Apple's ecosystem further ensures app integrity through code signing and App Store policies, although some controversies have arisen around enterprise certificate misuse and emerging threats like malicious apps slipping past vetting processes.

Multi-factor authentication
Multi-factor authentication (MFA), also known as two-factor authentication (2FA), is an electronic authentication method in which a user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more distinct types of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism. MFA protects personal data—which may include personal identification or financial assets—from being accessed by an unauthorized third party that may have been able to discover, for example, a single password.

Usage of MFA has increased in recent years. Security issues which can cause the bypass of MFA are fatigue attacks, phishing and SIM swapping.

Accounts with MFA enabled are significantly less likely to be compromised.
Walter Wykes
Walter Wykes (born October 31, 1969) is an American playwright. A graduate of the MFA playwriting program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, he has had over thirty plays produced across the United States and internationally. Four times he has received the American College Theatre Festival's Award for Excellence in Playwriting.

Wykes is known for writing intense roles and dark subject matter. The bulk of his dramatic work has an absurdist or surrealist bent, creating a dreamlike or nightmarish atmosphere that reflects the sometimes senseless nature of the modern world.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
Arthur Kill Road
Arthur Kill Road is a major northeast-southwest artery along the South-West Shore of the New York City borough of Staten Island. It is 8.54 miles (13.74 km) long, and runs through the neighborhoods of Tottenville, Richmond Valley, Charleston, Rossville, Woodrow, Huguenot, Arden Heights, Annadale, Eltingville, Greenridge, Great Kills, and Richmondtown.

Arthur Kill Road is named for the waterway to its west, the Arthur Kill, which separates Staten Island from Union County and Middlesex County, New Jersey. It was known by other names in the 19th century, including Fresh Kills Road, Shore Road and Riverside Avenue.

Landmarks include the Blazing Star Burial Ground, the Arthur Kill Correctional Facility, the unused LNG tanks east of Chemical Lane, the Kreischer House as well as the Outerbridge Crossing which Arthur Kill Road passes underneath.

Arden Heights, Staten Island
Arden Heights is a name increasingly applied to the western part of Annadale, a neighborhood located on the South Shore of Staten Island, New York City, US.  The name "Arden Heights" is found on most maps of New York City, including Hagstrom's.

Arden Heights is bordered by Annadale to the east, Huguenot to the south, the Arthur Kill to the west, and the Fresh Kills to the north.
Miguel Urrutia Montoya
Miguel Urrutia Montoya (20 April 1939 – 9 July 2024) was a Colombian economist and author, who served as Titular Professor of Economics at the University of the Andes in Bogotá. He served as 12th General Manager of the Bank of the Republic of Colombia from 1993 to 2004, and as 5th Colombian Minister of Mines and Energy in 1977 during the administration of Alfonso López Michelsen.

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Colombia)
The Ministry of Mines and Energy (Spanish: Ministerio de Minas y Energía) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia that oversees the regulation of the mining and mineral industry and the electricity sector in Colombia, it is similar in its duties to other energy ministries of other countries.
Hoppy's Holiday
Hoppy's Holiday is a 1947 American Western film directed by George Archainbaud and written by J. Benton Cheney, Bennett Cohen and Ande Lamb. The film stars William Boyd, Andy Clyde, Rand Brooks, Mary Ware, Andrew Tombes and Leonard Penn. The film was released on July 18, 1947, by United Artists.

Ande Lamb
Ande Lamb (born Robert Anderson Bursley Jr.; September 12, 1901 – March 16, 1961) was an American film and television writer, producer and director, active in the 1940s—primarily in B-films and serials—and 50s, when he penned numerous Hopalong Cassidy and Cisco Kid episodes. He was also the principal writer on Craig Kennedy, Criminologist.
Allison Danzig
Allison "Al" Danzig (February 27, 1898 – January 27, 1987) was an American sportswriter who specialized in writing about tennis, but also covered college football, squash, many Olympic Games, and rowing. Danzig was the only American sportswriter to extensively cover real tennis, the precursor to modern lawn tennis.

Danzig covered every tournament in the Grand Slam, the U.S. Open, the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and the French Open, as well as many others. In 1968, Danzig was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island,  becoming the first journalist in the Hall. In an interview shortly before his death, he named Bill Tilden as the greatest player he had covered.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Solar eclipse of December 12, 1871
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, December 12, 1871, with a magnitude of 1.0465. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 10.5 hours before perigee (on December 12, 1871, at 14:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day India, Indonesia, Australia, and the Solomon Islands. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.