hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Debreu's representation theorems
In economics, the Debreu's theorems are preference representation theorems—statements about the representation of  a preference ordering by a real-valued utility function. The theorems were proved by Gerard Debreu during the 1950s.

Closure (topology)
In topology, the closure of a subset S of points in a topological space consists of all points in S together with all limit points of S. The closure of S may equivalently be defined as the union of S and its boundary, and also as the intersection of all closed sets containing S. Intuitively, the closure can be thought of as all the points that are either in S or "very near" S. A point which is in the closure of S is a point of closure of S. The notion of closure is in many ways dual to the notion of interior.
Liang-Chen Proposal
Liang-Chen Proposal, or The Proposal on the Location of the Administrative Central District of the Central People's Government (Chinese: 关于中央人民政府行政中心区位置的建议) is a proposal Chinese architect Liang Sicheng and Chen Zhanxiang handed in to the Chinese Communist Party government in 1950, the full name of the document is "Suggestions on the location of central  government district".

Central People's Government (1949–1954)
The Central People's Government was the central government of the People's Republic of China between 1 October 1949 and 20 September 1954. The government was formed in accordance with the Common Program and the Government Organic Law promulgated by the 1st National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

The Central People's Government served as the provisional government for exercising state power before the 1st National People's Congress (NPC) was elected to draft the new constitution of China. The government ceased to exist after the enactment of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China on 20 September 1954, and was reformed into the constitutional government of China.

Since 1954, the "Central People's Government" has been synonymous with the "State Council" in the current government of China.
Emil von Dungern
Baron Emil von Dungern (26 November 1867 – 4 September 1961) was a German internist. He was born in Würzburg and died in Bodman-Ludwigshafen.

Von Dungern worked at the Heidelberg Institute for Experimental Cancer Research where he was the director of the scientific section. Ludwik Hirszfeld, the co-discoverer of the heritability of ABO blood groups, was his research assistant from 1907 to 1911. Hirszfeld, in his work Historia (1967), described von Dungern as "a spiritual poet who had to fall in love with a problem in order to be able to work on it ... He was a flame burning from within."

Bodman-Ludwigshafen
Bodman-Ludwigshafen is a municipality in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany, located on the most western shore of Lake Überlingen, the north-western part of the Upper Lake of Lake Constance (German: Bodensee). The municipality consist of the two separate villages Bodman and Ludwigshafen on each side of Lake Überlingen. In 1975, the former municipalities Ludwigshafen am Bodensee and Bodman united to the current administrative situation. The German term for Lake Constance, Bodensee, derives from Bodman.

The Agnus Dei sect is based at the old Frauenberg Monastery (Burg Frauenberg) near Bodman-Ludwigshafen.
A Scandal in Bohemia
"A Scandal in Bohemia" is the first short story, and the third overall work, featuring Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. It is the first of the 56 Holmes short stories written by Doyle and the first of 38 Sherlock Holmes works illustrated by Sidney Paget. The story is notable for introducing the character of Irene Adler, who is one of the most notable female characters in the Sherlock Holmes series, despite appearing in only one story.

"A Scandal in Bohemia" was first published on 25 June 1891 in the July issue of The Strand Magazine, and was the first of the stories collected in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in 1892.

Basil Rathbone
Philip St. John Basil Rathbone MC (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967) was an English actor. Born in South Africa and raised in Derbyshire, he rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a Shakespearean stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, swashbucklers, and, occasionally, horror films.

Rathbone frequently portrayed suave villains or morally ambiguous characters, such as Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield (1935), Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Sir Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). His most famous role was that of Sherlock Holmes in fourteen Hollywood films made between 1939 and 1946 and in a radio series.

Rathbone's later career included roles on Broadway, as well as self-ironic film and television work. In 1948, he shared the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play with two others. He was also nominated for two Academy Awards and honoured with three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Tom Kilbey
Thomas Charles Kilbey (born 19 October 1990) is an English television personality. He used to play as a professional footballer for Portsmouth F.C. Tom Kilbey grew up in East London and went to Forest School.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
2nd Super Robot Wars
2nd Super Robot Wars (第2次スーパーロボット大戦, Dai-2-Ji Super Robot Taisen) is a tactical role-playing video game developed by Winkysoft and published by Banpresto for the Famicom. It was the first game to be produced in the "Classic" canon timeline, the second game in the overall series, and the first (and only) game produced for the Famicom video game system on December 29, 1991.

A remake of the 2nd Super Robot Wars was ported to Game Boy on June 30, 1995, under 2nd Super Robot Wars G (第2次スーパーロボット大戦G). However, it was not part of the "Classic" canon to the timeline. 2nd Super Robot Wars was ported to Sony PlayStation on June 10, 1999, as part of the Super Robot Wars Complete Box then separately on December 2, 1999. It was released for Game Boy Advance as an exclusive Famicom Mini game, available only as a raffle prize with the purchase of Super Robot Wars GC. The PSX version was digitally released on January 26, 2011 on the PlayStation Network.

PlayStation Network
PlayStation Network (PSN) is a digital media entertainment service provided by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Launched in November 2006, PSN was originally conceived for the PlayStation video game consoles, but soon extended to encompass smartphones, tablets, Blu-ray players and high-definition televisions. It succeeded Sony Entertainment Network in 2015 and this service is the account for PlayStation consoles, accounts can store games and other content.

PlayStation Network's services are dedicated to an online marketplace (PlayStation Store), a premium subscription service for enhanced gaming and social features (PlayStation Plus), music streaming (PlayStation Music, based on Spotify), and formerly a cloud gaming service (PlayStation Now; folded into PlayStation Plus Premium in June 2022). The service is available in 73 territories.
Gerald Cooper
Gerald Cooper is a British farmhand who became famous after appearing on Clarkson's Farm.  He is an expert in dry stone walling and maintains the walls on Diddly Squat Farm.  His other tasks include combine harvesting, which he has done for over fifty years.

He has a West Country English accent and, as a running gag, the show portrays this as incomprehensible to Jeremy Clarkson.  Farming broadcaster Adam Henson has met Cooper several times and says that the show exaggerates his speech by overlaying Cooper's conversation with a double track.

Cooper was diagnosed with prostate cancer but underwent treatment and was declared cancer-free in 2024.  He then started a horse racing syndicate to raise money for Prostate Cancer UK.  Shares in a gelding called "The Mullet", after Cooper's mullet hairstyle, were sold for £28,500.  The horse is being trained in National Hunt racing by Charlie Longsdon and any winnings will also be donated to charity.

Double tracking
Double tracking or doubling is an audio recording technique in which a performer sings or plays along with their own prerecorded performance, usually to produce a stronger or bigger sound than can be obtained with a single voice or instrument. It is a form of overdubbing; the distinction comes from the doubling of a part, as opposed to recording a different part to go with the first. The effect can be further enhanced by panning one of the performances hard left and the other hard right in the stereo field.
Dave Senjem
David Howard Senjem (/ˈsɛndʒəm/ SEN-jəm; born December 20, 1942) is an American politician currently serving on the Olmsted County Board of Commissioners. He is a former member of the Minnesota Senate, serving in that body from 2003 to 2023. He led the Republican caucus as majority leader from 2011 to 2013. A moderate Republican, Senjem has crossed party lines on many occasions, notably environmental policy and women's issues. He represented District 25, which at the time included portions of Dodge and Olmsted counties in the southeastern part of the state. Much of the northern half of Rochester was in his district.

In April 2022, Senjem announced that he would not seek reelection to the Minnesota Senate, and later announced that he would instead run for Olmsted County Commissioner for District 2. Senjem won election to that seat and was took office in 2023. In January 2026, Senjem was named Chair of the Olmsted County Board of Commissioners.

Southeast Minnesota
Southeast Minnesota comprises the corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota south of the Twin Cities metropolitan area extending east, and part of the multi-state area known as the Driftless Area. Rochester is the largest city in the area; other major cities include Winona, Owatonna, Faribault, Northfield, Austin, and Red Wing.

Many places in Southeast Minnesota, like Lanesboro, have become popular tourist destinations. The scenic Mississippi Valley to the Whitewater River and Root River in the Driftless Area (one of the few parts of the state not eroded by glaciers in the last ice age) are among the most visited locations.
MacArthur Park (film)
MacArthur Park is a 2001 American independent drama film directed by Billy Wirth and written by Wirth, Tyrone Atkins, Aaron Courseault and Sheri Sussman. The film features ensemble cast stars Thomas Jefferson Byrd, Ellen Cleghorne, B-Real, Balthazar Getty, Lori Petty and Bad Azz. The film follows a homeless former jazz musician (Thomas Jefferson Byrd) trying to survive in MacArthur Park. R&B singer Macy Gray covered the song “MacArthur Park”  for the closing credits.

MacArthur Park premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2001, where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. It later screened at the 2001 Taos Talking Pictures Film Festival. The film received positive reviews from critics for subject matter and performances (particularly Byrd, Getty, Deary, Cleghorne and Lori Petty).

Ellen Cleghorne
Ellen Leslye Cleghorne 
(born November 29, 1965) is an American actress and comedian. Cleghorne is best known for her tenure as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 1991 to 1995. She was the sketch comedy show's second African-American female repertory cast member, succeeding Danitra Vance in its eleventh season, and the first African-American female cast member to stay for more than one season. She returned for its 40th anniversary special on February 15, 2015. Cleghorne was ranked the 69th greatest Saturday Night Live cast member by Rolling Stone magazine.
Zhou Ang
Zhou Ang (fl. 190s) was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was from Kuaiji Commandery, which is around present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He had two brothers: Zhou Yu (Renming) and Zhou Xin. He served as the Administrator (太守) of Jiujiang Commandery (九江郡; around present-day Quanjiao County, Anhui) and as the Inspector (刺史) of Yu Province. In 192, he was defeated in a battle at Yinling County (陰陵縣; northwest of present-day Changfeng County, Anhui) against the forces of Yuan Shao's half-brother and rival Yuan Shu.

In historical records, Zhou Ang is often confused with his two brothers. For example, historical records claim that he was involved in the Battle of Yangcheng in 191 against the warlord Sun Jian (Yuan Shu's ally) when it was actually his brother Zhou Yu (Renming).

Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao (袁紹, pronunciationⓘ; died 28 June 202), courtesy name Benchu (本初), was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil wars that occurred towards the end of the Han dynasty. He was also an elder half-brother of Yuan Shu, a warlord who controlled the Huai River region, though the two were not on good terms with each other.

One of the most powerful warlords of his time, Yuan Shao spearheaded a coalition of warlords against Dong Zhuo, who held Emperor Xian hostage in the imperial capital, Luoyang, but failed due to internal disunity. In 200, he launched a campaign against his rival Cao Cao but was defeated at the Battle of Guandu. He died of illness two years later in Ye. His eventual failure despite his illustrious family background and geographical advantages was commonly blamed on his indecisiveness and inability to heed the advice of his advisors.
Al Waheda
Al Waheda (Arabic: الوحيدة) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Located in eastern Dubai in Deira, Al Waheda is bordered to the north by Al Hamriya Port, to the west by Abu Hail, to the east by Al Mamzar, and to the south by Hor Al Anz.  The routes D 92 (Al Khaleej Road) and D 89 (Al Rasheed Road) form the northern and southern peripheries of Al Waheda.

Al Waheda, literally meaning The One, is primarily a residential community with a mix of low-rise apartments and independent villas and town homes.  The consulates of the Philippines and Syria are located in Al Waheda.

D 92 road (United Arab Emirates)
D 92, (Arabic: د ٩٢) also known as Al Khaleej Road, Al Mina Road or Al Wasl Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.  Beginning in the locality of Al Mamzar, D 92 progresses south-westward, past Deira, Al Shindagha, Port Rashid and Bur Dubai. D 92 then runs parallel to D 94 (Jumeirah Road) and D 90 (Satwa Road) before terminating at a junction with Umm Suqeim Street in Umm Suqeim. The road, which passes through Al Shindagha Tunnel, provides access to Bur Dubai.

Important landmarks located along D 92 include the Dubai Gold Souk, Al Shindagha Tunnel, Falcon Roundabout, Iranian Consulate, American School of Dubai, Al Wasl Police Station, Safa Park and Dubai Police Academy.
Rudy Fernandez (triathlete)
Rodolfo Fernandez (December 5, 1947 – January 2, 2022), commonly known as Rudy and referred to as the "Iron Man of Asia", was a multi-awarded, one-legged Filipino triathlete from Iloilo who had finished a degree in Physical Education at the University of Baguio.

University of Baguio
The University of Baguio (UB; Filipino: Pamantasan ng Baguio), formerly Baguio Technical and Commercial Institute (Baguio Tech), is a private, Filipino, multidisciplinary, autonomous university in Baguio, Philippines. It was founded by Fernando Gonzaga Bautista and Rosa Castillo Bautista on August 8, 1948, with 80 students. The student population in 2018 was about 18,000 in its tertiary level.
Three Sails
Three Sails (80°27′S 80°42′W﻿ / ﻿80.450°S 80.700°W﻿ / -80.450; -80.700) is a three small isolated nunataks in a row, located 6 nautical miles (11 km) east of Redpath Peaks at the south extremity of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. The descriptive name was applied by the University of Minnesota Geological Party to the area, 1963–64.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Three Sails". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
2019 Canberra Challenger
The 2019 East Hotel Canberra Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was a part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Canberra, Australia between 6 and 12 January 2019.

Sem Verbeek
Sem Verbeek (born 12 April 1994) is a Dutch tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 29 achieved on 19 May 2025. In 2025, Verbeek won the mixed doubles title at Wimbledon with Kateřina Siniaková. He is the current No. 3 Dutch doubles player. He also has a career-high in singles of No. 531 achieved on 15 April 2019.
Bugs Bower
Maurice Bower (July 16, 1922 – September 28, 2019), known professionally as Bugs Bower, was an American composer, music arranger, bandleader and record producer. He was awarded nine Gold Record Million Seller Awards and two Grammy Awards. Bower arranged and produced hundreds of recordings including, You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, The Great Doctor Dolittle Songs, Oliver!, The Godfather, Shaft, Mame; and worked with artists such as Perry Como, The Beatles, Bing Crosby, Liza Minnelli, and Richard Burton.

Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini
"Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini" is a novelty song telling the story of a shy girl wearing a revealing polka dot bikini at the beach. It was written by Paul Vance and Lee Pockriss and first released in June 1960 by Brian Hyland, with an orchestra conducted by John Dixon. The Hyland version reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, selling a million copies in the US, and was a worldwide hit.

The song has been adapted into French as "Itsy bitsy petit bikini" and into German as "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Honolulu-Strand-Bikini", reaching number one on national charts in both languages. Several versions of the song have proved successful in various European countries. In 1990 a version by British pop band Bombalurina, titled "Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini", reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and in Ireland.
Tokyo Seitoku College
Tokyo Seitoku College (東京成徳短期大学, Tōkyō seitoku tanki daigaku) is a private junior college in Kita, Tokyo, Japan. The precursor of the school was founded in 1925, and it was chartered as a university in 1965.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Full Cooperation
"Full Cooperation" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Def Squad. It was released on June 2, 1998 through Def Jam Recordings as the only single from the group's sole studio album El Niño. Production was handled by member Erick Sermon, who utilised a sample from Houston Person's "Pretty Please".

Each member's verse in the Steve Carr-directed music video is inspired by Eddie Murphy films: Keith Murray's verse incorporates scenes from Another 48 Hrs., Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse incorporates scenes from Trading Places.

Houston Person
Houston Person (born November 10, 1934) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist and record producer. Although he has performed in the hard bop and swing genres, he is most experienced in and best known for his work in soul jazz. He received the "Eubie Blake Jazz Award" in 1982.
O.K. ... Laliberté
O.K. ... Laliberté is a Canadian comedy-drama film, directed by Marcel Carrière and released in 1973.

The film stars Jacques Godin as Paul Laliberté, a 40-year-old man in Montreal who is embarking on the process of rebuilding his life after a midlife crisis has led him to leave his wife and quit his job. Moving into a rooming house, he takes a new job as a pest exterminator, begins a new romantic relationship with Yvonne (Luce Guilbeault) and reconnects with his old drinking buddy Louis (Jean Lapointe), but soon finds that his new life is no more fulfilling than what he has left behind.

Godin won the Canadian Film Award for Best Actor for his performance.

Canadian Film Awards
The Canadian Film Awards were the leading Canadian cinema awards from 1949 until 1978. These honours were conducted annually, except in 1974 when a number of Quebec directors withdrew their participation and prompted a cancellation. In the 1970s, they were sometimes known as the Etrog Awards for sculptor Sorel Etrog, who designed the statuette.

The awards were succeeded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's Genie Awards in 1980. In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its separate Gemini Awards program for television to create the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards.
Il cuore è uno zingaro
"Il cuore è uno zingaro" (Italian for "The heart is a gypsy") is a song composed by Claudio Mattone (music) and Franco Migliacci (lyrics). The song won the twenty-first edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, with a double performance by Nicola Di Bari and Nada. The Di Bari's version peaked at first place for six weeks on the Italian hit parade.

The song was also very successful in Mexico, where it was covered in Spanish by Lupita D'Alessio with the title "Mi corazón es un gitano"; D'Alessio's version, along with the original Italian versions by Nada and Nicola Di Bari, topped the charts in Mexico in 1971.

The song was later covered by several artists, including Al Martino (with the title "The Gipsy in You"), Paul Mauriat,  Albano Carrisi, Chiara Civello and Dalida.

Al Martino
Jasper Cini (October 7, 1927 – October 13, 2009), known professionally as Al Martino, was an American traditional pop and standards singer. He had his greatest success as a singer between the early 1950s and mid-1970s, being described as "one of the great Italian American pop crooners", and became known as an actor, particularly for his role as singer Johnny Fontane in The Godfather.