hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Linagliptin
Linagliptin, sold under the brand name Tradjenta among others, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes (but not type 1) in conjunction with exercise and diet. Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the pancreas. It is generally less preferred than metformin and sulfonylureas as an initial treatment. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include inflammation of the nose and throat. Serious side effects may include angioedema, pancreatitis, joint pain. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended.

Linagliptin was approved for medical use in the United States, Japan, the European Union, Canada, and Australia in 2011. In 2023, it was the 254th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. From August 2021, linagliptin became available as a generic medicine in the US.

Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an unintended effect caused by a medicinal drug or other treatment's capacities or properties, and these effects are often adverse but sometimes beneficial. Herbal and traditional medicines also have side effects.

A drug or procedure usually used for a specific effect may be used specifically because of a beneficial side-effect; this is termed "off-label use" until such use is approved. For instance, X-rays have long been used as an imaging technique; the discovery of their oncolytic capability led to their use in radiotherapy for ablation of malignant tumours.
Charles Saliba
Charles "Ironman" Saliba (1929–1982), was a performing oldtime strongman from the island of Malta who performed feats of strength shows during the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s. Saliba was known as the "Ironman" or the "Man of Iron" and was also known as the strongest man in Europe.

Bed of nails
A bed of nails is an oblong piece of wood, the size of a bed, with nails pointing upwards out of it. While it appears at first glance that anyone lying on such a "bed" would be injured by the nails, if the nails are numerous enough, the weight is distributed among them so that the pressure exerted by each nail is not enough to puncture the person's skin.
Great Britain at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. 204 competitors, 160 men and 44 women, took part in 124 events in 17 sports. British athletes have competed and won at least one gold medal in every Summer Olympic Games.  Future Leader of the Liberal Democrats Menzies Campbell represented Britain at the 200m.

Hugh Porter
Hugh William Porter MBE (born 27 January 1940) is one of Britain's greatest former professional cyclists, winning four world titles in the individual pursuit as well as a Commonwealth Games gold medal in 1966. He is now a commentator on cycling events, working most notably for the BBC and ITV.
Ashira (band)
Ashira (Hebrew: אשירה, fem. "I will sing") is an Israeli Jewish rock band based in Ramat Gan. They were formed at Bar-Ilan University in 2006 by violinist Pnina Weintraub and flautist Yael Taitz. They are notable for performing exclusively for women in accordance with the Jewish law of kol isha.

Jewish rock
Jewish rock is a form of contemporary Jewish religious music that is influenced by various forms of secular rock music. Pioneered by contemporary folk artists like Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach and the Diaspora Yeshiva Band, the genre gained popularity in the 1990s and 2000s with bands like Soulfarm, Blue Fringe, and Moshav Band that appealed to teens and college students, while artists like Matisyahu enjoyed mainstream crossover success.
Nicholas A. M. Monk
Nicholas A. M. Monk is a physicist and mathematician.
He is Alexander von Humboldt Foundation German Research Chair at AIMS Ghana and Professor of Mathematical Biology at the University of Sheffield and the University of Ghana. He is known for his works on mathematical biology, pattern formation, and dynamical systems. He earned his PhD in 1994 from Birkbeck College, University of London. His advisor was Basil Hiley.

African Institute for Mathematical Sciences
The African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) is a pan-African network of postgraduate schools teaching mathematical sciences. Established in 2003 in Cape Town, South Africa, AIMS offers postgraduate training, research, and public engagement programs aimed at building scientific capacity across Africa. The institute was founded by physicist Neil Turok to educate African students in STEM fields to support the continent's development.
John Jørgensen
John Jørgensen (born 18 July 1962 in Middelfart, Denmark) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Denmark. He earned 54 caps for the Denmark national speedway team.

He is not to be confused with Johnny Jørgensen, the 1989 Danish Junior speedway champion.

Outrup
Outrup (or Ovtrup) is a town in Varde Municipality in the Region of Southern Denmark. The town has a population of 994 (1 January 2025).

Outrup is a small rural town that reflects traditional Danish life. It has a quiet environment and basic services such as schools and small businesses.
Sh 2-306
Sh 2-306 (also designated RCW 10), is an emission nebula and H II region located in the southern constellation Puppis. It is catalogued in the Sharpless catalog and forms part of a large star-forming complex within the Perseus Arm of the Milky Way. It is located close to Sh 2-309.

Three stars are responsible for the ionization of the nebula LSS 458 (O6.5V((f))z), LSS 499 (OB) and LSS 467 (O9). These stars are embedded within a giant molecular cloud complex sometimes referred to as JKK96 D. Sh 2-306 is situated near the center of the GS234-02 supershell, a vast infrared-emitting ring structure spanning several degrees, believed to be the result of multiple supernova explosions and stellar winds from previous generations of massive stars.

Perseus Arm
The Perseus Arm is one of two major spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy. The second major arm is called the Scutum–Centaurus Arm. The Perseus Arm begins from the distal end of the long Milky Way central bar. Previously thought to be 13,000 light-years away from Earth, research published in 2005 has suggested that it is less than half that distance, estimated at 6,400 light years, from the Solar System.
WXFT-DT
WXFT-DT (channel 60) is a television station licensed to Aurora, Illinois, United States, serving as the Chicago-area outlet for the Spanish-language network UniMás. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Joliet-licensed Univision station WGBO-DT (channel 66). The two stations share studios at 541 North Fairbanks Court in the Streeterville neighborhood. Through a channel sharing agreement with ABC owned-and-operated station WLS-TV (channel 7), WXFT-DT transmits using WLS-TV's spectrum from an antenna atop the Willis Tower.

541 North Fairbanks Court
541 North Fairbanks Court, formerly the Time-Life Building, is a 404-foot-tall (123 m), 30-story skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, designed by Harry Weese and completed in 1969. Located on the Near North Side, it was among the first in the U.S. to use double-deck elevators. The odd-numbered floors are accessible from the lower lobby, with even floors serviced from the upper level.

In 2014, the building was purchased by Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which already housed several back-office functions there, for $28 million (equivalent to $38.1 million in 2025).. The Chicago Park District planned to vacate floors 3 through 7, which it used as its headquarters, in 2018. It then negotiated an extension with rent of the lease while preparing a move to a new facility.
Alabama Crimson Tide baseball
The Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team represents the University of Alabama in NCAA Division I college baseball.  Along with most other Alabama athletic teams, the baseball team participates in the Southeastern Conference. The team plays its home games on campus at Sewell–Thomas Stadium.

Wade LeBlanc
Wade Matthew LeBlanc (born August 7, 1984) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Miami Marlins, Houston Astros, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, New York Yankees, Pittsburgh Pirates, Seattle Mariners, Baltimore Orioles and St. Louis Cardinals and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Saitama Seibu Lions.
FC Buffalo
FC Buffalo is an American soccer club based in Buffalo, New York, United States, with teams in men's and women's soccer.

Founded in 2009, the men's team plays in the USL League Two, a national amateur league at the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Midwest Division. In 2021, club owner Nicholas Mendola announced the launch of a women's soccer team, which started play in United Women's Soccer in May and went on to win four consecutive division titles. They are now in USL W League.

The team plays its home games at Coyer Field, the stadium of the Buffalo State Bengals. The team's colors are blue, gold and white.

FC Buffalo participates in the Erie County Derby against Erie Commodores FC, a regional rivalry featuring two clubs in different states and different leagues who share counties of the same name. FC Buffalo also participated in the Western New York Derby against Rochester Lancers and the I-90 Derby against Syracuse FC.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Young Island (Nunavut)
Young Island is an uninhabited member of the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. It lies in the Parry Channel, southwest of Lowther Island, and northeast of Hamilton Island.

Two more Young Islands lie within Nunavut. One is a member of the Low Islands, in Ungava Bay, near Aupaluk; the other is a member of the Hopewell Islands, in Hudson Bay, near Inukjuak.

Inukjuak
Inukjuak (Inuktitut: ᐃᓄᒃᔪᐊᒃ, Inujjuaq or Inukjuaq in Latin script, meaning 'The Giant') is a northern village (Inuit community) located on Hudson Bay at the mouth of the Innuksuak River in Nunavik, in the Nord-du-Québec region of northern Quebec, Canada. Its population is 1,821 as of the 2021 Canadian Census.  An older spelling is Inoucdjouac; its former name was Port Harrison.

It is not accessible by road, but by boat in summer and year-round by air through Inukjuak Airport.

The police services for Inukjuak are provided by the Nunavik Police Service, which has one police station in the village.
Tenterden, Western Australia
Tenterden is a town and locality located 328 km south-east of Perth in the Shire of Cranbrook in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The townsite is located on one of the sidings on the Great Southern Railway line. The siding was established in 1891 and shortly afterward the government made land available for agricultural purposes in the area. The town was gazetted in 1893 and is named after a town in Kent.

Great Southern Railway (Western Australia)
The Great Southern Railway was a railway company that operated from Beverley to Albany in Western Australia between 1889 and 1896.  In 1896 the Western Australian Government Railways took over the company, and kept the name for the route.
Kurdushum
Kurdushum or Kurdusum, was a region in Zagros Mountains, east of Tigris mentioned in an Elamite text  of  6th century BC. Kurdushum is mentioned as paying tribute to Artazoastra daughter of king Darius the Great of Persia and wife of Mardonius son of Gobryas (Gubaru) governor of Qutium (Land of Qurtie). Kurdushum may be the Elamite variation of Akkadian Qutium, but this is not clear since Elamite texts are still predominantly undeciphered.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Nishijima
Nishijima (written: 西島 or 西嶋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gudō Wafu Nishijima (1919–2014), Japanese Zen Buddhist priest and teacher

Hidetoshi Nishijima (actor) (born 1971), Japanese actor

Hidetoshi Nishijima (politician) (born 1948), Japanese politician

Hiroyuki Nishijima (born 1982), Japanese football player

Katsuhiko Nishijima (born 1960), Japanese anime director

Kazuhiko Nishijima (1926–2009), Japanese physicist

Takahiro Nishijima (born 1986), Japanese singer and actor

Yōsuke Nishijima (born 1973), Japanese professional boxer

Hidetoshi Nishijima (politician)
Hidetoshi Nishijima (西島 英利, Nishijima Hidetoshi; born April 7, 1948) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Nichinan, Miyazaki and graduate of Nippon Medical School, he was elected for the first time in 2004.
I Won't Give Up on You
"I Won't Give Up on You" is a song by the group TKA from their 1990 second album Louder Than Love. The song was released in July 1990 as the second single from the album by Tommy Boy Records. It was written by Stephen Lironi and Dan Navarro and produced by Joey Gardner.

TKA
TKA is an American freestyle/house boy band who were most prominent in the 1980s and early 1990s, particularly in New York City,and Miami. Their name is an acronym that represents their collective initials, and it was said for a time that it also stood for "Total Knowledge in Action." All of TKA's members are of Puerto Rican descent. Many freestyle fans consider them the kings of that genre, although Kayel seemingly downplayed this label, having jokingly stated, "There are no kings in freestyle. TKA is the best-selling and widely considered the most prominent and successful Latin freestyle band in recorded history.
Jerzy Bańczerowski
Jerzy Bańczerowski (born on October 28, 1938, in Ożarów ) is a Polish professor of Philology.

Bańczerowski is a member of the Committee on Oriental Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and has served as director of the Institute of Linguistics (1977-1991, 1994–2008), and head of the Department of General and Comparative Linguistics at Adam Mickiewicz University (1969-).

The main subjects of Bańczerowski's research are general and comparative linguistics, set theoretic axiomatization of linguistic theory, Finno-Ugric linguistics, and Asian languages. On his initiative, new specialties (in the field of philology) of studies were established at the Adam Mickiewicz University, including Finnish philology and ethnolinguistics.

Finno-Ugric languages
Finno-Ugric (/ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːɡrɪk, -ˈuː-/) is a traditional linguistic grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except for the Samoyedic languages. Its once commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by contemporary linguists such as Tapani Salminen and Ante Aikio. The three most spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric.

The term Finno-Ugric, which originally referred to the entire family, is occasionally used as a synonym for the term Uralic, which includes the Samoyedic languages, as commonly happens when a language family is expanded with further discoveries. Before the 20th century, the language family might be referred to as Finnish, Ugric, Finno-Hungarian or with a variety of other names. The name Finno-Ugric came into general use in the late 19th or early 20th century.
Takal
Takal is the biggest village in Choha Khalsa Union Council of Kallar Syedan Tehsil, Rawalpindi District of Punjab, Pakistan. Nearby towns include Bewal and Choha Khalsa. The village named after a Sikh – Tikka Lal Singh.  It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Kallar Syedan, towards the Jhelum River.

Rawalpindi District
Rawalpindi District (Punjabi and Urdu: ضِلع راولپِنڈى) is a district located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Parts of the district form part of the Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area. Rawalpindi city is the district capital.

The district has an area of 5,286 km2 (2,041 sq mi). Originally, its area was 6,192 km2 (2,391 sq mi) until the 1960s when Islamabad Capital Territory was carved out of the district, giving away an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi). It is situated on the southern slopes of the north-western extremities of the Himalayas, including large mountain tracts with rich valleys traversed by mountain rivers. The chief rivers are the Indus and the Jhelum, and it is noted for its milder climate and abundant rainfall due to its proximity to the foothills.
James Harvey (Australian politician)
James Frederick Harvey (died 1912) was an Australian politician.

Harvey was the managing proprietor of the Country Milk Company and served as treasurer of the Royal Agricultural Society for a number of years. He was the Free Trade member for Sydney-Bligh from 1895 to 1898. The Sunday Times described him as "popular, though obtrusive". He was defeated by Patrick Quinn in 1898. Few further biographical details are known, although he died in San Francisco in 1912.

Free Trade Party
The Free Trade Party (FTP), officially known as the Free Trade and Liberal Association and also referred to as the Revenue Tariff Party in some states, was an Australian political party. It was formally organised in 1887 in New South Wales, in time for the 1887 New South Wales colonial election, which the party won.

The party advocated the abolition of protectionism, especially protective tariffs and other restrictions on trade, arguing that this would create greater prosperity for all. However, many members also advocated use of minimal tariffs for government revenue purposes only. Its most prominent leader was George Reid, who led the Reid government as the fourth Prime Minister of Australia (1904–1905).

In New South Wales, it was succeeded by the Liberal and Reform Association in 1902, and federally by the Anti-Socialist Party in 1906. In 1909, the Anti-Socialist Party merged with the Protectionist Party to form the Liberal Party.
Vladimir Rayevsky
Vladimir Fedoseyevich Rayevsky (Russian: Владимир Федосеевич Раевский; 8 April [O.S. 28 March] 1795 – 20 July [O.S. 8 July] 1872) was a Russian poet, who participated in the Patriotic war of 1812.

After the war, when living in Tiraspol, he became a leading member of the Southern Society of Decembrists. The world's only known statue of him is located in Tiraspol.

Tiraspol
Tiraspol (Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол, pronounced [tiˈraspol]; also Tirișpolea/Тиришполя; Russian: Тирасполь, pronounced [tʲɪˈraspəlʲ]; Ukrainian: Тирасполь, romanized: Tyraspol', pronounced [tɪˈrɑspolʲ]) is the capital and largest city of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the second-largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of culture, economy, tourism, and light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production.

The modern city of Tiraspol was founded by the Russian generalissimo Alexander Suvorov in 1792, although the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by varying ethnic groups. The city celebrates its anniversary every year on 14 October.
SATEL
SATEL is a Finnish radio modem manufacturer that specializes in developing independent radio networking technology for various industrial applications i.a. land surveying, SCADA, machine control, intelligent transportation systems, telemetry, environmental monitoring and Industrial Internet.

Machine control
In civil engineering, machine control is used to accurately position earthwork machinery based on 3D design models and GPS systems, and thus aid machine operators to e.g. control the position of a road grader's blade. Many machine control systems utilize the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) system to improve the positioning accuracy.

There are six dominant manufacturers of machine control systems: iDig, Leica Geosystems, MOBA Mobile Automation AG, Trimble Navigation Limited, Unicontrol and Topcon Positioning Systems. In 2010, The Kellogg Report was published to serve as a resource for comparing the systems from these and other manufacturers.
Mount Cupola
Mount Cupola (69°21′S 70°27′W﻿ / ﻿69.350°S 70.450°W﻿ / -69.350; -70.450) is a dome-shaped mountain, 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) high, marking the southeastern limit of the Rouen Mountains in the northern part of Alexander Island. It was first photographed from the air by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1937, and surveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The descriptive name was given by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960. Mount Cupola is the fifth-highest point of Alexander Island, succeeded by Mount Huckle in the Douglas Range.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
John Harvey Astell
John Harvey Astell DL (20 March 1806 – 17 January 1887) was a British Conservative politician.

Astell was first elected as a Conservative MP for Cambridge in 1852, but his term was short-lived after, upon petition, he was unseated in March 1853, when the writ for the seat was also suspended. He later became MP for Ashburton in 1859 and held the seat until 1865 when he did not seek re-election.

Ashburton (UK Parliament constituency)
Ashburton (also known as Mid Devon) was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament at Westminster, for the Parliaments of 1295 and 1407, and regularly from 1640 until it was abolished for the 1868 general election. It was one of three Devon borough constituencies newly enfranchised (or re-enfranchised after a gap of centuries) in the Long Parliament. It returned two Members of Parliament until the 1832 general election when the number was reduced to one MP.

From the 1885 general election Ashburton was revived as a county division of Devon. It returned one member until it was abolished from the 1918 general election.