hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tenerife flood of 2002
The Tenerife flood of 2002 (Spanish: Riada de Tenerife de 2002), also known as 31-M, was a flash flood caused by a cold drop that occurred in the Santa Cruz de Tenerife area of Tenerife, Spain, on 31 March 2002. 232.6 litres per square metre of rain fell in less than six hours, causing the deaths of eight people, and damage estimated at €20 million.

Flash flood
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by meltwater from ice and snow. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by having a timescale of fewer than six hours between rainfall and the onset of flooding.

Flash floods are a significant hazard, causing more fatalities in the U.S. in an average year than lightning, tornadoes, or hurricanes. They can also deposit large quantities of sediments on floodplains and destroy vegetation cover not adapted to frequent flood conditions.
Felicity's Diamond Jim
Ch. Felicity's Diamond Jim, CD, RE (June 8, 2000 – May 6, 2011), commonly known as James, was an English Springer Spaniel. He was the 2007 Best In Show winner at the Westminster Dog Show. It was his 51st Best in Show victory, and his last, as his owners chose to retire James after the win to focus him on his work as a certified therapy dog. He was handled exclusively by the same handler who took Ch. Salilyn 'N Erin's Shameless to a best-in-show at Westminster in 2000. In retirement he was recognised in 2008 by the English Springer Spaniel Field Trial Association for his work as a sire and has produced many champion offspring, including Ch. Cerise Jesse James, as well as a loving family companion, Winston Henderson.

Therapy dog
A therapy dog is a dog that is trained to provide affection, comfort and support to people, often in settings such as hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes, schools, libraries, hospices, or disaster areas. In contrast to assistance dogs, which are trained to assist specific patients with their day-to-day physical needs, therapy dogs are trained to interact with all kinds of people, not just their handlers.
Nathaniel Hughson
Nathaniel Hughson (16 July 1755 in New York – 1 November 1837 in Hamilton, Upper Canada) was a farmer and hotel owner, a Loyalist who moved to Canada following the American Revolution, and one of the city founders of Hamilton, Ontario. Married to Rebecca Land who was the daughter of Robert Land and Phoebe Scott, both United Empire Loyalists.

Hughson was among 10,000 Loyalists who moved to New Brunswick in 1783, following the American revolution, eventually moving to Upper Canada where present day Hamilton is. He received a grant of 2,700 acres (11 km2) in Hamilton, May 1792. Hughson's land extended from Main Street to the Bay, between present day James Street and Mary Street. He was a farmer and also started up a newspaper called the Upper Canada Phoenix, in Dundas, Ontario. Also an original stock holder of the Gore Bank in 1836.

Dundas, Ontario
Dundas (/ˈdʌnˌdæs/) is a community and urban district in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is nicknamed Valley Town because of its topographical location at the bottom of the Niagara Escarpment on the western edge of Lake Ontario. The population has been stable for decades at about 20,000, largely because it has not annexed rural land from the protected Dundas Valley Conservation Area.

Notable events are the Buskerfest in early June and the Dundas Cactus Festival in August.
YZ Group
The YZ Group is an assumed group of ancient Greek Attic vase painters of the red-figure style.

Individual artists can only be identified with difficulty. The group was given its conventional name by John D. Beazley during his studies of Attic red-figure was painting. He named the group "YZ" because he recognised their work as the latest known figural red-figure paintings. In analogy with the alphabet, "YZ" stands for the end of red-figure painting in Athens. The group was active around 320 BC. The exact date of the end of red-figure painting remains unclear, because no detailed chronology can be developed from the vases. The fact that YZ vases are relatively numerous may indicate that their production, though short in duration, was large in output. They depict erotes, women and Nike. The tondos of bowls resemble works from the early 4th century, but are more casual and coarse in execution. Apart from bowls, askoi, pyxides and small lebetes gamikoi were also painted.

Askos (pottery vessel)
Askos (Ancient Greek: ἀσκός "tube"; plural: ἀσκοί - askoi) is the name given in modern terminology to a type of ancient Greek pottery vessel used to pour small quantities of liquids such as oil. It is recognisable from its flat shape and a spout at one or both ends that could also be used as a handle.  They were usually painted decoratively like vases and were mainly used for storing oil and refilling oil lamps.

These were extensively traded in and around the Mediterranean. An example of this is UC47602 in the Petrie Museum's collection, which is a Black Glazed vessel with an almost metallic appearance and was originally produced in Greece (the main production was in Attica), Etruria, and was excavated in Memphis.

The original meaning of ἀσκός is wineskin. The early Christian sect of the Ascitae takes its name from them. The Ascodrugitae, however, are unrelated except in a folk etymology.
Jef Lataster
Jozef "Jef" Lataster (27 July 1922 – 16 September 2014) was a Dutch long distance runner, who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born in Heerlen.

Lataster won the British AAA Championships title in the 3 miles event at the 1947 AAA Championships.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
Addeybb
Addeybb (/əˈdeɪb/ ə-DAYB; foaled 9 February 2014) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. He excels over distances of around 2000 metres (ten furlongs) and is noted for his toughness, consistency and aptitude for racing on soft ground. He did not race as a two-year-old and as a three-year-old in 2017 he won three minor races from five starts before improving in the following year to win the Lincoln Handicap and the Sandown Mile. He made further progress in 2019 when he won the Wolferton Stakes and the Rose of Lancaster Stakes as well as finishing second in the Champion Stakes. As a six-year-old in 2020 he established himself as a world-class middle-distance performer, winning the Ranvet Stakes and the Queen Elizabeth Stakes in Australia before returning to Europe to win the Doonside Cup and the Champion Stakes.

Wolferton Stakes
The Wolferton Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses of four-year-old and up. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 1 furlong and 212 yards (2,004 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June on the first day of the Royal Ascot meeting.

The race was first run in 2002 when Royal Ascot was extended to five days to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. It was named after the village of Wolferton near Sandringham House and initially called the Wolferton Rated Stakes. In 2018 the race was moved to the opening Tuesday of Royal Ascot and the handicap element was removed to comply with a recommendation that no handicap should carry Listed status, making it a conventional Listed Race. Group 1 and 2 winners since the previous August are prohibited from entering.
Sansanding
Sansanding, sometimes called Sinsani, is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune includes the town and 17 of the surrounding villages in an area of 315 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 23,109. The town sits on the left (north) bank of the River Niger about 50 km downstream from Ségou.

The commune lies entirely to the north of the river and is crossed, from west to east, by the Canal Macina and the Fala de Boky-Wéré which carry water from the Niger to the rice polders north of Macina. The canal and Fala form part of the Office du Niger irrigation scheme.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Alkhattab Alhinai
Alkhattab bin Ghalib Alhinai (Arabic: الخطاب بن غالب الهنائي) (born 1953) is the Deputy Chairman of Oman State Council serving since November 2015. Alkhattab Alhinai served as a member of Oman State Council and as Chairman of the State Council Education committee on the fifth term (2011-2015) of the Council.

Council of State (Oman)
The Council of State (Arabic: مجلس الدولة العماني Majlis ad-Dawla al-ʿUmāniyyi) is the upper house of the Council of Oman. It has 83 members all of whom are appointed by the sultan. The other house is the Consultative Assembly (Majlis al-Shura).
Brian Hetherington
Brian Hetherington (born 14 January 1954) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition. He primarily played in the centres. Hetherington played for the Newtown Jets and the Illawarra Steelers.

While attending Figtree High School, Hetherington played for the Australian Schoolboys team in 1972.

Hetherington was selected to represent New South Wales in game I of the 1984 State of Origin series and game II of the 1986 series.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Yoshiro Imaeda
Yoshiro Imaeda (Japanese: 今枝 由郎, Hepburn: Imaeda Yoshirō; born 1947) is a Japanese-born Tibetologist who has spent his career in France. He is director of research emeritus at the National Center for Scientific Research in France.

Born in Aichi Prefecture, Imaeda graduated from the Otani University Faculty of Letters, where he studied with Shoju Inaba, under whose advice he pursued graduate studies in France, where he earned his Ph.D. at Paris VII. He began work at the CNRS in 1974. Between 1981 and 1990, he worked as an adviser to the National Library of Bhutan Bhutan. In 1995, he was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and has also held a visiting appointment at Columbia University.

Imaeda's research has focused on Dunhuang Tibetan documents, but he has also translated the poems of the VI Dalai lama, and produced a catalog of Kanjur texts.

Ōtani University
Ōtani University (大谷大学, Ōtani Daigaku) is a private Buddhist university in Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan. Ōtani University is a coeducation institution with an emphasis on Buddhist studies. A two-year private junior college is associated with the university. The university is associated with the Ōtani School of Jōdo Shinshū, or Shin, school of Buddhism.
Pilea elegans
Pilea elegans is a species of flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is endemic to Chile, inhabiting the Biobio, Araucanía and Los Ríos regions.

USDA hardiness zone 9. The plant does not tolerate snow, but can tolerate occasional freezing spells of about -5 degrees C. Light requirements consist of indirect light/low light (In deep shadow) Can be found in deep ravines in Chile facing south with additional shadow from trees, or where there is a very dense vegetation cover which gives 80 - 100% shadow (for instance, the Valdivian forests.)

Urticaceae
The Urticaceae /ɜːrtɪˈkeɪsiː/ are a family, the nettle family,  of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica. The Urticaceae family includes a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus Urtica, Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (Debregeasia saeneb).

The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera. The largest genera are Pilea (500 to 715 species), Elatostema (300 species), Urtica (80 species), and Cecropia (75 species). Cecropia contains many myrmecophytes.

Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, but most species are found in tropical ecosystems, especially tropical Asia.
Metalink
Metalink is an extensible metadata file format that describes one or more computer files available for download. It specifies files appropriate for a user's language and operating system; facilitates file verification and recovery from data corruption; and lists alternate download sources (mirror URIs).

The metadata is encoded in HTTP header fields and/or in an XML file with extension .meta4 or .metalink. The duplicate download locations provide reliability in case one method fails. Some clients also achieve faster download speeds by allowing different chunks/segments of each file to be downloaded from multiple resources at the same time (segmented downloading).

Metalink supports listing multiple partial and full file hashes along with PGP signatures. Most clients only support verifying MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256, however. Besides FTP and HTTP mirror locations and rsync, it also supports listing the P2P methods BitTorrent, ed2k, magnet link or any other that uses a URI.

Filename extension
A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), but in some systems it is separated with spaces.

Some file systems, such as the FAT file system used in DOS, implement filename extensions as a feature of the file system itself and may limit the length and format of the extension, while others, such as Unix file systems, the VFAT file system, and NTFS, treat filename extensions as part of the filename without special distinction.
Pleurotus purpureo-olivaceus
Pleurotus purpureo-olivaceus is a gilled fungus native to Australia and New Zealand.  It is found on dead wood of Nothofagus trees.  Although morphologically similar to some other Pleurotus fungi, it has been shown to be a distinct species incapable of cross-breeding and phylogenetically removed from other species of Pleurotus.

The caps of the fruit bodies are up to 7 cm (2.8 in) wide, and are dark violet to brown to olive to yellow-green, depending on light exposure. Stipes are lateral and white to yellow.

Agaricales
The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in other orders, such as the Russulales and Boletales. Conversely, DNA research has also shown that many non-agarics, including some of the clavarioid fungi (clubs and corals) and gasteroid fungi (puffballs and false truffles) belong within the Agaricales. The order has 46 extant families, more than 400 genera, and over 25,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar Agaricus bisporus (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly Amanita virosa (destroying angel) to the coral-like Clavaria zollingeri (violet coral) and bracket-like Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus).
Colombian Civil War of 1876
The Colombian Civil War of 1876 (also called War of the Schools) was a civil war in the United States of Colombia (present-day Colombia) that went on from 1876 to 1877. The causes of the war date back to approximately 1870, when members of the Colombian Liberal Party led by Eustorgio Salgar attempted to introduce public education for the Colombian states, while the Colombian Conservative Party advocated for putting education solely under the control of the Roman Catholic church.

Eustorgio Salgar
Eustorgio Salgar Moreno Salazar (1 November 1831 – 25 November 1885) was a Colombian lawyer, general and political figure, who was president of the United States of Colombia from 1870 until 1872. Elected at age 39, he was the youngest president of Colombia.
Loïck Landre
Loïck Landre (born 5 May 1992) is a French professional footballer who plays for  Championnat National club Valenciennes. He plays as a centre-back but can also be utilized as a right-back.

Landre is a France youth international having earned caps at under-19 and under-20 level.

France national under-20 football team
The France national under-20 football team (French: Équipe de France des moins de 20 ans de football) represents France in men's international football at this age level and is controlled by the French Football Federation. Since there is no under-20 UEFA tournament, the team competes for the FIFA U-20 World Cup. The under-20 team also participates in the Toulon Tournament, usually replacing the under-21 team, and in the football tournaments of the Mediterranean Games and the Jeux de la Francophonie.

France were the world champions, winning the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup. The team reached the semifinals for the first time in their history in 2011, and they have also made it to the quarterfinals in two occasions, in 1997 and 2001.
Nugaal University
Nugaal University is a university in Las Anod, North eastern state, Somalia. It was established in 2004 with the purpose of providing higher education to the residents of Sool, Cayn and Sanaag. The university is taught by teachers from outside the country. The university is a member of the Association of Arab Universities and is funded by the Sool Community.

Sanaag
Sanag (Somali: Sanaag, Arabic: سَنَاج) is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland. Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. The region is disputed by the self-declared Somaliland and Puntland, a state of Somalia.

Its capital city is Erigavo. Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland, accounting for 35% of Somaliland's total land area.

The region is partially controlled by Puntland and Somaliland. Puntland claims only the Harti-inhabited parts of region to be part of Somaliland, while the latter claims the entire region - a claim based on the British Somaliland boundaries.
Ribosome recycling factor
Ribosome recycling factor or ribosome release factor (RRF) is a protein found in bacterial cells as well as eukaryotic organelles, specifically mitochondria and chloroplasts. It functions to recycle ribosomes after completion of protein synthesis (bacterial translation). In humans, the mitochrondrial version is coded by the MRRF gene.

Transfer RNA
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), formerly referred to as soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA), is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length (in eukaryotes). In a cell, it provides the physical link between the genetic code in messenger RNA (mRNA) and the amino acid sequence of proteins, carrying the correct sequence of amino acids to be combined by the protein-synthesizing machinery, the ribosome. Each three-nucleotide codon in mRNA is complemented by a three-nucleotide anticodon in tRNA. As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation, the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code.
Treaty of Győr (1386)
The Treaty of Győr (also known as the Treaty of Raab) was concluded between the Hungarian queen dowager and regent, Elizabeth of Bosnia, and Sigismund of Luxembourg in Győr in April 1386.

Sigismund married Elizabeth's daughter Mary, Queen of Hungary, in 1385, but was unable to immediately assert his jure uxoris right to the crown of Hungary due to King Charles III of Naples's invasion. In April 1386, Sigismund's brother Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia and the large Bohemian army escorted Sigismund to Hungary. Elizabeth was then compelled to sign the treaty by which Sigismund was recognized as Mary's future co-ruler. Pending his coronation, Sigismund was granted the lands once held by Mary's uncle Stephen, Duke of Slavonia, namely Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia. Sigismund's Luxembourg cousins, Jobst and Prokop, were permitted to keep Pressburg and the castles between Morava and Váh.

Jobst of Moravia
Jobst of Moravia (Czech: Jošt Moravský or Jošt Lucemburský; German: Jo(b)st or Jodokus von Mähren; c. 1354 – 18 January 1411), a member of the House of Luxembourg, was Margrave of Moravia from 1375, Duke of Luxembourg and Elector of Brandenburg from 1388 as well as elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1410 until his death. Jobst was an ambitious and versatile ruler, who in the early 15th century dominated the ongoing struggles within the Luxembourg dynasty and around the German throne.
1998–99 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The 1998–99 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was the 18th official World Cup season in cross-country skiing for men and women. The season began in Muonio, Finland on 28 November 1998 and finished at Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway on 20 March 1999. Bjørn Dæhlie of Norway won the overall men's cup. Bente Martinsen of Norway won the women's cup on more victories than Stefania Belmondo of Italy after both finished the season achieving 768 points.

The 1998–99 season was the last season the results from World Championships counted in the overall World Cup standings.

Bjørn Dæhlie
Bjørn Erlend Dæhlie (born 19 June 1967) is a Norwegian businessman and retired cross-country skier.  From 1992 to 1999, Dæhlie won the Nordic World Cup six times, finishing second in 1994 and 1998. Dæhlie won a total of 29 medals in the Olympics and World Championships between 1991 and 1999, making him the most successful male cross-country skier in history.

During his career, Dæhlie measured a VO2 max of 96 ml/kg/min. Dæhlie's result was achieved out of season, and physiologist Erlend Hem who was responsible for the testing stated that he would not discount the possibility of the skier passing 100 ml/kg/min at his absolute peak.

Since retiring, Dæhlie has become a successful businessman in real estate and fashion. His real estate investments have produced a fortune of more than half a billion kroner.