hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1952 Brownlow Medal
The 1952 Brownlow Medal was the 25th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bill Hutchison of the Essendon Football Club and Roy Wright of the Richmond Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty-one votes during the 1952 VFL season.

Under the tie-breaker rules in place in 1952, Wright was originally the outright winner: he and Hutchison were tied on 21 votes and five 3-vote games, but Wright polled three 2-vote games to Hutchison's two. In 1980, the League removed the tie-break from the rules and allowed for multiple tied winners in the same year; and in 1989 it retrospectively removed the tie-breaker from all previous counts, elevating Hutchison to joint winner of the 1952 medal.

1952 VFL season
The 1952 VFL season was the 56th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 19 April until 27 September, and comprised a 19-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs.

The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club for the fifth time and second time consecutively. Geelong defeated Collingwood by 46 points in the 1952 VFL Grand Final, as part of a 23-game winning streak spanning the 1952 and 1953 seasons which stands as the longest in league history.
Wakhanaq
Wakhanaq, or Wak'a'nakw, meaning "real river" in Kwak'wala, was a village of the Kwakwaka'wakw located on the north side of Gilford Island at the head of Wakhana Bay.  The centre of Wahkana Bay, which is immediately south of Kwatsi Bay across Tribune Channel, is at 50°49′21″N 126°16′17″W﻿ / ﻿50.82250°N 126.27139°W﻿ / 50.82250; -126.27139﻿ (Wahkana Bay)

The village site was used by the (Southern) Kwakiutl, Kwicksataineuk and Kweeha (Kwiakah) groups of Kwakwaka'wakw.  Franz Boas recounted that the Kwakiutl and Kweeha had their origins here.

Kwakwakaʼwakw
The Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw ([ˈkʷakʷəkʲəʔwakʷ]), also known as the Kwakiutl (/ˈkwɑːkjʊtəl/; "Kwakʼwala-speaking peoples"), are an indigenous group of the Pacific Northwest Coast, in southwestern Canada. Their total population, according to a 2016 census, was 3,665 people. Most live in their traditional territories on northern Vancouver Island, as well as nearby smaller islands (such as the Discovery Islands) and inland on the adjacent British Columbia mainland. Some also live outside their traditional homelands, in urban areas such as Victoria and Vancouver. They are politically organized into 13 band governments.

The Kwakwaka'wakw language, now spoken by only 3.1% of the population, consists of four dialects of what is commonly referred to as Kwakʼwala, known as Kwak̓wala, 'Nak̓wala, G̱uc̓ala and T̓łat̓łasik̓wala.
Chicora incident
The Chicora incident was an incident in May 1870 between the American government and an expeditionary force consisting of British and Canadian militia under the command of Colonel Garnet Wolseley in Sault Sainte Marie. US authorities blocked passage of the Chicora for several weeks, delaying Wolseley's response to the Red River Rebellion. The incident ultimately led to the construction of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal on the Canadian side of the river, allowing unfettered access to the Lake Superior.

Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley
Field Marshal Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (4 June 1833 – 25 March 1913) was an Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army. He became one of the most influential British generals after a series of victories in Canada, West Africa and Egypt, followed by a central role in modernizing the British Army in promoting efficiency.

Wolseley is considered to be one of the most prominent and decorated war heroes of the British Empire during the era of New Imperialism. He served in Burma, the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, China, Canada and widely throughout Africa—including his Ashanti campaign (1873–1874) and the Nile Expedition against Mahdist Sudan in 1884–85. Wolseley served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces from 1895 to 1900. His reputation for efficiency led to the late 19th century English phrase "everything's all Sir Garnet", meaning, "All is in order."
Jim Keffer
James Lloyd Keffer (born January 20, 1953) is a businessman from Eastland, Texas, who is a former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 60, which includes Eastland County located east of Abilene, as well as Brown, Callahan, Coleman, Shackelford, Stephens Palo Pinto, and Hood counties.

Callahan County, Texas
Callahan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,708. Its county seat is Baird. The county was founded in 1858 and later organized in 1877. It is named for James Hughes Callahan, an American soldier in the Texas Revolution. Callahan County is included in the Abilene metropolitan area.
Alexander of Argyll
Alexander of Argyll, also known as Alexander of Lorne, and Alexander MacDougall (Scottish Gaelic: Alasdair MacDubhgaill; died 1310), was a Scottish magnate from the late 13th and early 14th century.

Alexander was the son of Ewen MacDougall, Lord of Argyll. Although the details of Alexander's early life are largely unknown, he appears to have succeeded to his father's position as Lord of Argyll and Lorne and head of the MacDougall kindred after the latter's death in 1268. Alexander appears to have been named after King Alexander III of Scotland. Under the latter's authority, Alexander was involved in the Scottish expedition that quelled a revolt on the Isle of Man in 1275.

In 1284 he joined with other Scottish noblemen who acknowledged Margaret of Norway as the heir of Alexander.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
Stade Gabèsien (basketball)
Stade Gabèsien (basketball) is a Tunisian professional basketball team located in the city of Gabès. Founded in 1957, the team competes in the Championnat National A, the top tier national level.

They have won the Championnat Nationale 1, the national second division, a total of two times, in 2016 and 2019.

Championnat Pro A
The Championnat Pro A, is the highest tier professional basketball league in Tunisia, established in 1956. As the 2024–25 season, the league features 10 teams. The league is organised by the Tunisia Basketball Federation (FTBB).

ES Radès is the record holder for most titles, with a total of thirteen. The current champion is Club Africain, who won the title in the 2024–25 season. The champions of each season qualify directly for the regular season of the Basketball Africa League (BAL), the premier continental competition of Africa.
Canton of Tavaux
The canton of Tavaux is an administrative division of the Jura department, eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Tavaux.

It consists of the following communes:

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
Brave People
Brave People (Russian: Смелые люди, romanized: Smelye lyudi), initially announced on release abroad by Mosfilm as The Horsemen, is a 1950 Soviet war drama film, directed by Konstantin Yudin. The film starred Sergei Gurzo and Alexey Gribov, and was Yudin's first drama film, as he had previously worked predominantly on comedies.

The film was positively received and was the number one film in the Soviet Union during the year of its release.

The film is set in the Great Patriotic War, but the plot, an adventure about a boy and his racehorse set in the Caucasus, is strikingly different from the grim realism of other war films of the era.

Mosfilm
Mosfilm (Russian: Мосфильм, Mosfil’m pronounced [məsˈfʲilʲm], initialism and portmanteau of Moscow Films) is a film studio in Moscow which is among the largest and oldest in Russia and in Europe. Founded in 1924 in the Soviet Union as a production unit of that nation's film monopoly, its output includes most of the more widely acclaimed Soviet-era films, ranging from works by Andrei Tarkovsky and Sergei Eisenstein, to Red Westerns, to the Akira Kurosawa co-production Dersu Uzala (Дерсу Узала) and War and Peace (Война и мир).
Karl von Bistram
Karl Heinrich Georg von Bistram or Karl Ivanovich Bistrom (Russian: Карл Иванович Бистром; 1770, Reval Governorate – 16 June 1838, Bad Kissingen) was a commander in the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic Wars. He was from a Baltic German noble family, and his younger brother, Adam, also served in the war.

Bad Kissingen
Bad Kissingen (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈkɪsɪŋən] ⓘ) is a German spa town in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia and seat of the district Bad Kissingen. Situated to the south of the Rhön Mountains on the Franconian Saale river, it is one of the health resorts, which became famous as a "Weltbad" in the 19th century.

In 2021 the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous mineral springs and its architecture exemplifying the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
Climatiiformes
The Climatiiformes is a paraphyletic order of extinct fish belonging to the class Acanthodii. Like most other "spiny sharks", the Climatiiformes had sharp spines. These animals were often fairly small in size and lived from the Late Silurian to the Early Carboniferous period. The type genus is Climatius. The order used to be subdivided into the suborders Climatiida and Diplacanthida, but subsequently Diplacanthida has been elevated to a separate order, the Diplacanthiformes. The Diplacanthiformes take their name from Diplacanthus, first described by Agassiz in 1843. Family Gyracanthidae is sometimes rejected from this order.

Climatius
Climatius (from Greek: κλίμα klíma, 'gradation') is an extinct genus of spiny shark. This genus is known from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian) of Europe, previously considered Silurian remains actually belong to Nostolepis instead.

Climatius was an active swimmer, judging from its powerful caudal fin and abundant stabilizing fins, and probably preyed on other fish and crustaceans. Its lower jaw was lined with sharp teeth which were replaced when worn, but the upper jaw had no teeth. It had large eyes, suggesting that it hunted by sight.

It was a small fish, at 7.5 centimetres (3 in) long, and to discourage predators (such as larger fish and cephalopods), Climatius sported fifteen sharp spines. There was one spine each on the paired pelvic and pectoral fins, and on the single anal and two dorsal fins, and a four pairs without fins on the fish's underside.
Smołdzino, Kartuzy County
Smołdzino [smɔu̯ˈd͡ʑinɔ] (Kashubian: Smôłdzëno) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przodkowo, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
Gonipterus scutellatus
Gonipterus scutellatus is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is commonly known as the eucalyptus snout beetle, the eucalyptus weevil or the gum tree weevil. It feeds and breeds on Eucalyptus trees and is endemic to Australia.

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
2023 Copa Chile
The 2023 Copa Chile (officially known as Copa Chile Easy 2023 due to its sponsorship), was the 43rd edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national football cup tournament. The tournament began on 8 March and ended with the final on neutral ground on 13 December 2023.

Colo-Colo were the champions, winning their fourteenth Copa Chile title by beating the defending champions Magallanes in the final by a 3–1 score.

Segunda División Profesional de Chile
Segunda División Profesional del Fútbol Profesional Chileno (English: Second Professional Division of Chilean Professional Football) is the third level of Chilean football league system, since the season 2012, is organized by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional.

The Chilean Segunda División Profesional was established in 2012.
Parens patriae
In law, parens patriae is the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent, legal guardian, or informal caretaker, and to act as the parent of any child, individual or animal who is in need of protection.  For example, some children, incapacitated individuals, and disabled individuals lack parents who are able and willing to render adequate care, thus requiring state intervention.

In U.S. litigation, parens patriae can be invoked by the state to create its standing to sue; the state declares itself to be suing on behalf of its people. For example, the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976 (15 USC 15c), through Section 4C of the Clayton Act, permits state attorneys general to bring parens patriae suits on behalf of those injured by violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

State attorney general
The state attorney general in each of the 50 U.S. states, of the federal district, or of any of the territories is the chief legal advisor to the state government and the state's chief law enforcement officer. In some states, the attorney general serves as the head of a state department of justice, with responsibilities similar to those of the United States Department of Justice.
Charlie Muffin
Charlie Muffin (U.S. title: A Deadly Game) is a 1979 British made-for-TV film directed by Jack Gold and starring David Hemmings, Ralph Richardson, Sam Wanamaker, Pinkas Braun, Ian Richardson, Shane Rimmer and Jennie Linden. A Euston Films production, it was written by Keith Waterhouse based on the 1977 novel of the same name by Brian Freemantle.

Sam Wanamaker
Samuel Wanamaker (born Samuel Wattenmacker; June 14, 1919 – December 18, 1993) was an American actor and director, whose career on stage and in film and television spanned five decades. He began his career on Broadway, but spent most of his professional life in the United Kingdom, where he emigrated after becoming fearful of being blacklisted in Hollywood due to his communist views in the 1950s.

Wanamaker became extensively involved in British theater, while continuing film and television work, eventually returning to some Hollywood productions while remaining based in the UK. There, he is also credited as the person most responsible for the modern recreation of Shakespeare's Globe theatre in London, where he is commemorated in the name of the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, the site's second theatre. He was awarded an honorary CBE for his work.

Wanamaker was the father of actress Zoë Wanamaker, and the uncle of film historian Marc Wanamaker.
Gulistan-e-Zafar
Gulistan-e-Zafar (Urdu: گلستانِ ظفر) is one of the neighbourhoods of Jamshed Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

There are several ethnic groups including Muhajirs, Punjabis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras Ismailis and Christians.

Kashmiris
Kashmiri people (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley region, which is located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Battle of Shuangqiaozhen
The Battle of Shuangqiaozhen (Chinese: 雙橋鎮戰鬥) was fought from March 6 to March 12, 1931, between the 34th Division of the Army of the Kuomintang Nationalist Government and the Fourth Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party. It took place during the second encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet. The commander of the 34th Division, Major General Yue (a descendant of Song dynasty general Yue Fei) was captured by the communists. In August 1932, Yue was executed by firing squad on the orders of Zhang Guotao and posthumously promoted to full general.

Chinese Red Army
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (中國工農紅軍) or just the Red Army (紅軍), was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising. The Red Army was reincorporated into the NRA as part of the Second United Front with the Kuomintang to fight against the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945. In the later stages of the Chinese Civil War the Red Army splintered off once again and was renamed the People's Liberation Army.
Robert Maxwell (bishop)
Christianity portal

Robert Maxwell  was a 17th-century Anglican bishop in Ireland.

The eldest son of Robert Maxwell, Dean of Armagh, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. A prebendary of Armagh he was appointed Archdeacon of Down in 1628; and Bishop of Kilmore in 1643. He became Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh when the two sees were united again in 1661. He died on 16 November 1672.

He married Margaret Echlin, daughter of Robert Echlin, Bishop of Down and Connor and Jane Seton, and had six children. His descendants held the title Earl of Farnham.

Dean of Armagh
The Dean of Armagh in the Church of Ireland is the dean of the Anglican St Patrick's Cathedral, the cathedral of the Diocese of Armagh and the metropolitan cathedral of the Province of Armagh, located in the town of Armagh.

Shane Forster has been the dean since 2020.
2009–10 Luge World Cup
The 2009–10 Luge World Cup was a multi race tournament over a season for luge. The season started 17 November 2009 in Calgary, Canada and ended 31 January 2010 in Cesana, Italy. The World Cup was organised by the FIL and sponsored by Viessmann. This cup served as qualifiers up to 31 December 2009 (last qualifier at Lillehammer, Norway) for the 2010 Winter Olympics luge events in Vancouver.

Cesana Pariol
Cesana Pariol was the venue for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton during the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The track, built for the Games, is located in Cesana Torinese. The €110 million venue had a capacity of 7,130 spectators, of whom 3,624 were seated. The track was closed in 2011 and has been abandoned since then. The track is scheduled to be demolished in summer 2026.

The track was considered for renovation for the 2026 Winter Olympics to host the sliding events, but the plans were turned down and a new track was built in Cortina d'Ampezzo for €119 million euros.
Pinakochori
Pinakochori (Greek: Πινακοχώρι) is a small village on the island of Lefkada, Ionian Islands, Greece. According to the 2021 census, Pinakochori had a population of 293. Until 2011 it was part of the municipal unit Sfakiotes, which has become defunct. It is now part of the unit Lefkada. Pinakochori was the 4th largest village in the old municipality as of 2001.

Lefkada (regional unit)
Lefkada (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Λευκάδας) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Ionian Islands. The capital of the regional unit is the town of Lefkada. The regional unit consists of the islands of Lefkada, Meganisi, Kalamos, Kastos and several smaller islands, all in the Ionian Sea.
Bernard Durkan
Bernard J. Durkan (born 26 March 1945) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare North constituency from 1997 to 2024, and previously from 1982 to 1997 and 1981 to 1982 for the Kildare constituency. He previously served as Minister of State for Social Welfare from 1994 to 1997. He was a Senator for the Agricultural Panel from May 1982 to November 1982.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
John Sandfield Macdonald
John Sandfield Macdonald, QC (December 12, 1812 – June 1, 1872) was the joint premier of the Province of Canada from 1862 to 1864.  He was also the first premier of Ontario from 1867 to 1871, one of the four founding provinces created at Confederation in 1867. He served as both premier and attorney general of Ontario from July 16, 1867, to December 20, 1871.

He was referred to by his middle name, Sandfield, and often signed his correspondence and documents as J. Sandfield Macdonald.

Clear Grits
Clear Grits were reformers in the Canada West district of the Province of Canada, a British colony that is now the Province of Ontario, Canada. Their name is said to have been given by George Brown, who said that only those were wanted in the party who were "all sand and no dirt, clear grit all the way through".

Their support was concentrated among southwestern Canada West farmers, who were frustrated and disillusioned by the 1849 Reform government of Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine's lack of democratic enthusiasm.  The Clear Grits advocated universal male suffrage, representation by population, democratic institutions, reductions in government expenditure, abolition of the Clergy Reserves, voluntarism, and free trade with the United States.  Clear Grits from Upper Canada shared many ideas with Thomas Jefferson.