hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wells Spicer
Wells W. Spicer (1831–1885 or 1887) was an American journalist, prospector, politician, lawyer and judge whose legal career immersed him in two significant events in frontier history: the Mountain Meadows massacre in the Utah Territory in 1857; and the 1881 shootout commonly known as the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. After he left Tombstone, he returned to prospecting. He disappeared in 1885 or 1887.

Prospecting
Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (followed by exploration) of a territory. It is the search for minerals, fossils, precious metals, or mineral specimens. It is also known as fossicking.

Traditionally prospecting relied on direct observation of mineralization in rock outcrops or in sediments. Modern prospecting also includes the use of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical tools to search for anomalies which can narrow the search area. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a potential prospect direct observation can then be focused on this area.

In some areas a prospector must also stake a claim, meaning they must erect posts with the appropriate placards on all four corners of a desired land they wish to prospect and register this claim before they may take samples. In other areas publicly held lands are open to prospecting without staking a mining claim.
Tiny Sandford
Stanley J. "Tiny" Sandford (February 26, 1894 – October 29, 1961) was an American actor who is best remembered for his roles in Laurel and Hardy and Charlie Chaplin films. His tall, burly physique usually led him to be cast as a comic heavy, and often played policemen, doormen, prizefighters, or bullies.

Villain
A villain (masculine), or villainess (feminine), also bad guy, baddy or baddie (sometimes known as a "black hat"), is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction. Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot". The antonym of a villain is a hero.

The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposite to the hero character, and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along. In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice.
Monongahela, Pennsylvania
Monongahela, referred to locally as Mon City, is a third-class city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,149 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, about 17 miles (27 km) south of Pittsburgh proper.

The city of Monongahela sits at a location where several locally important Pennsylvania state routes meet: a concurrency between Pennsylvania routes 88, 136, and 837 makes up most of the length of the city's Main Street, and the city's Park Avenue carries Pennsylvania route 481 to its northern terminus at Main Street.

Monongahela is one of just two cities in Washington County, and is the second smallest city in Pennsylvania (after Parker). The town is served by the Ringgold School District.

Local government in Pennsylvania
Local government in Pennsylvania is government below the state level in Pennsylvania. There are six types of local governments listed in the Pennsylvania Constitution: county, township, borough, town, city, and school district. All of Pennsylvania is included in one of the state's 67 counties, which are in total subdivided into 2,560 municipalities. There are currently no independent cities or unincorporated territories within Pennsylvania. There is only one incorporated town in Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg.
Medicine Hill (Dorchester County, Maryland)
Medicine Hill is a historic home and farm complex located near Church Creek, Dorchester County, Maryland.  The plantation house was built between about 1810 and 1830, and is a two-story Federal period frame dwelling.  Also on the property is an assemblage of vernacular domestic and agricultural buildings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.

Church Creek, Maryland
Church Creek is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States, part of the state's Eastern Shore. As of the 2020 census, Church Creek had a population of 102. Church Creek is located approximately six miles south of Cambridge.

Old Trinity Church is located here. An Anglican (now Episcopal) brick church built in 1675, it is the oldest church building in the US in continuous ecclesiastical use.
Ultras (ice hockey)
Ultras are a type of ice hockey fans mainly in European ice hockey culture who are known for their fanatical support of a club. The term originated in Italy and comes from the Latin word ultra, meaning "beyond" or "farther", but is used worldwide to describe predominantly organised fans of sports clubs. Ultras fans in ice hockey are known for organised chants, tifo choreographies, flags and sometimes flares.

Ultras in ice hockey are known for violence and hooliganism. Some ice hockey teams have association football sections and share fans and fan groups with them. Some ultras groups are linked to far-right ideologies and fascism.

Flare
A flare is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a bright light or intense heat without an explosion. Flares are used for distress signaling, illumination, or defensive countermeasures in civilian and military applications. Flares may be ground pyrotechnics, projectile pyrotechnics, or parachute-suspended to provide maximum illumination time over a large area. Projectile pyrotechnics may be dropped from aircraft, fired from rocket or artillery, or deployed by flare guns or handheld percussive tubes.
Tajimi
Tajimi (多治見市, Tajimi-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the city had an estimated population of 110,070 in 46,580 households, and a population density of 1200 people per km2. The total area of the city was 117.01 square kilometres (45.18 sq mi). The city is famous for its production of Mino ware ceramics, especially in the Oribe and Seto styles. Tajimi is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).

Alliance for Healthy Cities
The Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC) is a cooperative international alliance aimed at protecting and enhancing the health and health care of city dwellers. It is composed of groups of cities, urban districts and other organizations from countries around the world in exchanging information to achieve the goal through a health promotion approach called Healthy Cities. The chair city for the alliance is Ichikawa, Japan.

The alliance and its members work in favour of the healthy city, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and in developing to their maximum potential".
Hardiya, Saptari
Hardiya is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,286 people living in 1,139 individual households.

Hardiya, according to Nepal's statistics falls in Ward Number 6 and has people of different casts including mukhiya, saha, yadav, chaudhari etc.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Béla Belicza
Béla Belicza is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from 1997 to 2001. Despite not qualifying for Hungary in the Summer Olympics, he won nine medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships. this included three golds (C-1 200 m: 1997, C-4 200 m: 2001, C-4 1000 m: 1998, ), four silvers (C-1 500 m: 1997, C-4 200 m: 1997, C-4 500 m: 2001), and two bronzes (C-1 1000 m: 1997, C-4 1000 m: 1999.

1999 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1999 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Milan, Italy at the Idroscalo.

The men's competition consisted of nine Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Women competed in eight events, all kayak.

This was the 30th championships in canoe sprint.
J. S. Raju
J. S. Raju was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Perambalur constituency in the 1967, 1971 and 1980 elections.

Perambalur Assembly constituency
Perambalur is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 147. It comes under Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency. It is reserved for the Scheduled Castes. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Mastermind (Australian game show)
Mastermind is an Australian television quiz show aired on the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). Produced by BBC Studios Australia and New Zealand, the series is based on the original British game show of the same name created by Bill Wright. The show features an intimidating setting with challenging questions on specialised subjects of the contestant's choice, followed by a general knowledge round.

BBC Studios
BBC Studios Limited is a British content company. It is a commercial subsidiary of the BBC that was formed in April 2018 through the merger of the BBC's commercial production arm and the BBC's commercial international distribution arm, BBC Worldwide. BBC Studios creates, develops, produces, distributes, broadcasts, finances and sells content around the world, returning around £200 million to the BBC annually in dividends and content investment.
Zuma Beach Stakes
The Zuma Beach Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-olds over a distance of one mile on the turf track scheduled annually in October at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. The event currently carries a purse of $100,000.

Arcadia, California
Arcadia is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. It contains a series of adjacent parks consisting of the Santa Anita Park racetrack, the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, and Arcadia County Park. The city had a population of 56,681 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Arcadia, Greece.
Garrett–Evangelical Theological Seminary
Garrett–Evangelical Theological Seminary (Garrett) is a private seminary and graduate school of theology related to the United Methodist Church and is ecumenical in spirit. It is located in Evanston, Illinois, on the campus of Northwestern University. The seminary offers master's- and doctoral-level degrees, as well as certificate, micro-credentialing, and lifelong learning programs. It has thousands of alumni serving in ministry, education, organizational leadership, and public service throughout the world.

Master of Divinity
For graduate-level theological institutions, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, magister divinitatis in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America. It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and divinity schools (e.g. in 2014 nearly 44 percent of all US students in schools accredited by the Association of Theological Schools were enrolled in an MDiv program).

In many Christian denominations and in some other religions, the degree is the standard prerequisite for ordination or licensing to professional ministry. At accredited seminaries in the United States, this degree requires between 72 and 106 credit hours of study (72 being the minimum determined by academic accrediting agencies, and 106 being on the upper end of certain schools that wish to ensure a broader study of the related disciplines.) After the completion of the Master of Divinity degree, students can continue further and get their professional Doctor of Ministry degree.
Lake Wicwas
Lake Wicwas, also known as Wickwas Lake, is a 350-acre (1.4 km2) water body in the Lakes Region of central New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Meredith. Water from Lake Wicwas flows south to Lake Winnisquam, then to the Winnipesaukee River, and ultimately to the Merrimack River.

The lake is classified as a warm-water fishery, with observed species including smallmouth and largemouth bass, chain pickerel, horned pout, and black crappie.

Longstanding disagreement about how to spell the name of the lake led locals in 2019 to request that the state officially designate it as "Wicwas" without a K. The requested spelling was adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names in November 2019.

Smallmouth bass
The smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) of the order Centrarchiformes. It is the type species of its genus Micropterus (black basses), and is a popular game fish sought by anglers throughout the temperate zones of North America, and has been spread by stocking —as well as illegal introductions—to many cool-water tributaries and lakes in Canada and more so introduced in the United States. The maximum recorded size is approximately 27 inches (69 cm) and 12 pounds (5.4 kg).

The smallmouth bass is native to the upper and middle Mississippi River basin, the Saint Lawrence River–Great Lakes system, the Champlain Valley, and the Hudson Bay basin. Its common names include smallmouth, bronzeback, brown bass, brownie, smallie, bronze bass, and bareback bass.
Seduni
The Seduni were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Rhône valley, around present-day Sion, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

Along with the Nantuates, Veragri and Uberi, they were part of the Vallenses, a group of tribes living between Lake Geneva and the Pennine Alps, in the modern Canton of Valais (Switzerland).

Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva is a deep lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône. Sixty percent (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) of the lake belongs to Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Valais) and forty percent (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) to France (the department of Haute-Savoie).
Visitation with Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony
Visitation with Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony is a c.1490 oil on panel painting by Piero di Cosimo, now in the National Gallery of Art of Washington. It shows Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony either side of a Visitation scene.

Commissioned between 1489 and 1490 by the Capponi family for the Cappella di San Niccolò in the Basilica of Santo Spirito in Florence, the work was described in the Lives of the Artists as "A Visitation of Our Lady with Saint Nicholas and a Saint Anthony with a pair of glasses on his nose which is very good." In 1713 it was moved to the Villa Capponi in Legnaia, where it was seen and acquired by Frederick West around 1850. West took it to Chirk Castle in Wales, from which his descendants sold it in 1891. After a number of intermediate owners, it was acquired by the Duveen Brothers of New York, who in 1937 passed it to Samuel H. Kress, who gave it to the National Gallery of Art in 1939.

Legnaia
Legnaia is a rione (historical district) in Florence, Italy. It is located between the centre of the city and Scandicci, and was an autonomous commune from 1808 (when it was detached from Galluzzo by then French occupation forces) until 1865. At the time, it counted some 11,300 inhabitants.

It houses the Villa Carducci-Pandolfini with Andrea Castagno frescoes.
Among the churches are San Quirico a Legnaia and Sant'Angelo a Legnaia.
Uglovka
Uglovka (Russian: Угловка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Uglovka, Novgorod Oblast, a work settlement in Okulovsky District of Novgorod Oblast

Rural localities

Uglovka, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Slobodskoy Rural Okrug of Uglichsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by the Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda oblasts.

This geographic location gives the oblast the advantages of proximity to Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Additionally, the city of Yaroslavl, the administrative center of the oblast, is served by major highways, railroads, and waterways. The population of the oblast was 1,272,468 as of the 2010 Census.
Broad Vein Mudstone Formation
The Broad Vein Mudstone Formation (commonly known as the Broad Vein, historically known as the Red Vein and in Welsh as Y Faen Goch) is an Ordovician lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in Mid Wales. The rock of the formation is silty mudstone, intensely bioturbated in places. It varies in colour from a pale to a medium blue. This formation has been commercially quarried as slate in several locations along its length. The formation is between 400 metres (1,300 ft) and 560 metres (1,840 ft) thick and runs from Dinas Mawddwy south-west to Cardigan Bay at Tywyn.

Mid Wales
Mid Wales (Welsh: Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth, meaning "the midlands"), or Central Wales, is a region of Wales, encompassing its midlands, in-between North Wales and South Wales. The Mid Wales Regional Committee of the Senedd covered the unitary authority areas of Ceredigion and Powys and the area of Gwynedd that had previously been the district of Meirionnydd. A similar definition is used by the BBC. The Wales Spatial Plan defines a region known as "Central Wales" which covers Ceredigion and Powys.

Mid Wales is dominated by the Cambrian Mountains, including the Green Desert of Wales. The region is sparsely populated, with an economy dependent on farming and small businesses.
Qterics
Qterics (formerly Broadcast Data Corporation and later UpdateLogic Incorporated ) is a company which has developed a system for datacasting firmware upgrades to digital television devices.  It appears that UpdateTV is the only product the company, founded in 2003, has yet developed.

Upgrade
An upgrade is the result of improving something by replacing part of it or adding additional parts. For example, one can upgrade a computer by replacing the CPU with a faster one and by adding more RAM, and afterwards, the computer is an upgrade. Although often used in the context of technology, anything can be upgraded (improved).

Often an update is an upgrade but not always. Update only implies newer (more up-to-date). An update could degrade, or changing to an older version could be an upgrade.
John Kennedy (Dublin Gaelic footballer)
John Kennedy was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His championship career at senior level with the Dublin county team lasted four seasons from 1891 until 1894.

Kennedy first played competitive football with the Young Irelands club. He won four successive county senior championship medals with the club between 1891 and 1894.

Young Irelands represented Dublin in the championship, with Kennedy making his inter-county debut during the 1891 championship. As captain of the team over the following four seasons, he won three All-Ireland medals during that time - the first player to captain a team to three championships. Kennedy also won three Leinster medals.

1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the sixth staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Dublin were the champions, becoming the first county to retain the title.

This was the first championship in which players from any part of a county (rather than just the county champions) could play on the county team. Other important rule changes were also introduced: the goal was made worth 5 points (previously, a goal was worth more than any number of points) and teams were reduced from 21-a-side to 17.
Edmund Alleyn
Edmund Alleyn (June 09, 1931 –  December 24, 2004) had an art career that underwent many stylistic changes. He explored various styles of painting including abstraction, narrative figuration, technology and pop art, as well as different media. Critics feel that his inability to be categorized marks him as contemporary. Even more important, they say that he helped remove excessive compartmentalization from art practice.

São Paulo Art Biennial
The São Paulo Art Biennial (Portuguese: Bienal de São Paulo) was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since. It is the third oldest art biennial in the world after the Venice Biennale (in existence since 1895) and the Menton Biennale (started earlier in 1951 ), which serves as its role model.
Paraguay at the Hopman Cup
Paraguay is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tennis tournament on one occasion, at the 15th annual staging of the tournament in 2003, when they lost to Uzbekistan in the qualification play-off.

2003 Hopman Cup
The 2003 Hopman Cup (also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th edition of the Hopman Cup tennis sporting event, held on 28 December 2002 through 4 January 2003 at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth, Western Australia. The champions are Serena Williams and James Blake of the United States, who defeated Alicia Molik and Lleyton Hewitt of Australia in the final.
American China Development Company
The American China Development Company was a company that aimed to gain railway, mining, and other industrial concessions in China. Led by former Ohio senator and railway lawyer, Calvin Brice , the company was incorporated in December 1895. Early stockholders included many well-known American businessmen, including Charles Coster of J.P. Morgan & Company, the Carnegie Steel Company, the presidents of the National City Bank of New York, and the Chase National Bank. The company played an important role in American involvement in China and in the Open Door Policy during the “battle of concessions” at the turn of the century.

J.P. Morgan & Co.
J.P. Morgan & Co. is an American financial institution specialized in investment banking, asset management and private banking founded by financier J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "House of Morgan" or simply Morgan.

For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in commercial banking, before a merger with Chase Manhattan Bank led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.