hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Express kidnapping
Express kidnapping (Spanish: secuestro exprés; Portuguese: sequestro relâmpago) is a method of abduction where a small immediate ransom is demanded, often by the victim being forced to withdraw money from an ATM, or more modernly to do a mobile money transfer.

Known in the United States since at least 1986, they are more commonly associated with urban areas of Latin America, such as Mexico, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil and Colombia. In some parts of Latin America, express kidnappings known as a  millionaire tour (in Spanish paseo millonario) involve an innocent taxi cab passenger and a criminal driver, who stops to pick up associates. The passenger is taken to a variety of ATMs, and forced to "max out" their bank card at each.

This type of kidnapping does not require much experience or preparation and is suspected of being committed by inexperienced criminals more often than not.

Crime in Peru
Crime in Peru has steadily decreased since the 2010s and into the 2020s. Peru's main indicators of crime are the homicide rate and the victimization rate; the victimization rate dropped from forty percent in 2011 to under twenty five percent in 2020.
Mahimaganj Union
Mahimaganj (Bengali: মহিমাগঞ্জ) is a union parishad under Gobindaganj Upazila, Gaibandha District, Rangpur Division, Bangladesh. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Gobindaganj. There is a sugar mill named Rangpur Sugar Mills Limited. There is a railway station. There are many primary schools, high schools, madrashas and colleges in Mahimaganj. Mahimaganj Alia Kamil Madrasha is one of the largest madrasha institution in North Bengal which is situated in Mahimaganj.

Gaibandha District
Gaibandha District (Bengali: গাইবান্ধা জেলা) is a district in northern Bangladesh, located within Rangpur Division. Covering an area of 2,179.27 square kilometers (841.42 sq mi), it had a population of 2,562,232 as of the 2022 census. The district's administrative headquarters and largest urban center is Gaibandha town. Originally established as a subdivision in 1875 under the name Bhabaniganj, it was renamed Gaibandha in the same year. On February 15, 1984, Gaibandha was officially upgraded to district status. The district is known for its agricultural production, particularly rice, jute, and vegetables, and is situated at the confluence of several major rivers, including the Jamuna, Teesta, and Brahmaputra.
Descent (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a descent is any time period during air travel where an aircraft decreases altitude, and is the opposite of an ascent or climb.

Descents are part of normal procedures, but also occur during emergencies, such as rapid or explosive decompression, forcing an emergency descent to below 3,000 m (10,000 ft) and preferably below 2,400 m (8,000 ft), respectively the maximum temporary safe altitude for an unpressurized aircraft and the maximum safe altitude for extended duration.

An example of explosive decompression is Aloha Airlines Flight 243. Involuntary descent might occur from a decrease in power, decreased lift (wing icing), an increase in drag, or flying in an air mass moving downward, such as a terrain induced downdraft, near a thunderstorm, in a downburst, or microburst.

Aloha Airlines Flight 243
Aloha Airlines Flight 243 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight flown by Aloha Airlines between Hilo and Honolulu in Hawaii. On April 28, 1988, the Boeing 737-297 airplane serving the flight suffered extensive damage after an explosive decompression in flight, caused by part of the fuselage breaking due to poor maintenance and metal fatigue. The plane was able to land safely at Kahului Airport on Maui. The one fatality, flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing, was ejected from the airplane. Sixty-five passengers and crew were injured. The substantial damage inflicted by the decompression, the loss of one cabin crew member, and the safe landing of the aircraft established the accident as a significant event in the history of aviation, with far-reaching effects on aviation safety policies and procedures.
Vaishnava Carana dasa Babaji
Vaishnava Carana dasa Babaji (IAST: Vaiṣṇava Carana dāsa) was a Gaudiya Vaishnava guru. A Vaidya by caste, his birth name was Gokulananda Sen. His sripata (temple seat) was located at Tena Vaidyapura, about six miles from Jhamatpur in modern-day Katwa.  He compiled the Padakalpataru in AD 1718–1723. He also wrote the preface for the Mahā-vandanā.

He was the disciple of Radhamohana Thakura, a descendant of Srinivasa Acarya. His own disciples included Krishna das Babaji. He was an accomplished musician and popularized the tradition known as Tenar chap or dhap.

He was the friend of a Vaishnava poet named Uddhava dasa (Krsnakanta Majumdar).

Vaishnava Carana dasa was present at the debate held in Bengal in 1708 AD (1115) wherein the superiority of svakiya or parakiya (Krishna's love with his wives in Dvārakā and the unmarried gopis in Vrindavan, respectively) was discussed.

Baidya
Baidya or Vaidya is a Bengali Hindu community located in the Bengal region of Indian subcontinent. A caste (jāti) of Ayurvedic physicians, the Baidyas have long had pre-eminence in society alongside Brahmins and Kayasthas. In the colonial era, the Bhadraloks were drawn primarily, but not exclusively, from these three upper castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal.
Roosevelt Nix (fullback)
Roosevelt Delbert Nix-Jones (born March 30, 1992) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Kent State Golden Flashes, and was signed by the Atlanta Falcons after going undrafted in the 2014 NFL draft. As a member of the Pittsburgh Steelers, Nix made the 2018 Pro Bowl. Nix's father also played in the NFL.

Kent State Golden Flashes football
The Kent State Golden Flashes football team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference East division, and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The Golden Flashes played their first game in 1920 and since 1969 have played their home games at Dix Stadium. Kent State is coached by head coach Mark Carney.
Army
An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch, or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army.

Field army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and fleets in navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers.
Gunster: Rain of Bullets
Gunster: Rain of Bullets was a 2D multiplayer action video game, created by Korean-based company NHN who in turn hosted the game using the North American portal named ijji. One other version of Gunster exists, named Gunstrike R: Reloaded Bullets and was hosted at Hangame Japan.

Gunster: Rain of Bullets is a port from a Korean game of the same name and was hosted directly by Hangame, which both localizations were shut down. Minor differences exist between the two localizations, but the biggest difference is that they are managed independently of one another.

On February 14, 2007, ijji shutdown Gunster's servers for undeclared reasons. At the time, many players presumed it was due to the presence of a lot of in-game hacking and cheating, however, no clarification was ever given.

Hangame
Hangame (Korean: 한게임) (also known as Hange (Japanese: ハンゲ) and formerly known as NHN Hangame (Japanese: NHNハンゲーム) in Japan) is a popular South Korean online game portal operated by NHN Corporation. Launched in December 1999, Hangame offers casual, first-person shooter, MMORPGs, sports, and other genres. With over 20 million members and a peak concurrent user base of 290,000 in South Korea, it is the country's largest game portal. Hangame also has affiliates in Japan (NHN PlayArt). It also offers channeling and publishing services for many popular online games.
Mayfield GAA
Mayfied GAA Club (CLG Baile na mBocht) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the Mayfield area of Cork City, Ireland. Teams are fielded in Gaelic football, hurling, and Ladies' Football. The club participates in Cork GAA competitions and in Seandún board competitions. The club competes at Intermediate level in football and  in hurling.  In 2016/17, Mayfield were crowned Cork City (Seandún), Cork County, Munster and All-Ireland Junior Hurling Champions.

Mayfield, Cork
Mayfield, historically Ballinamought (from Irish Baile na mBocht, meaning 'town of the poor'), is a suburb on the north-side of Cork city, Ireland. Mayfield is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork North-Central.
Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta
Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta (28 March 1841 – 26 May 1934) was the third son of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.

He was pretender to the throne of the Two Sicilies in succession of his older half-brother, Francis II of the Two Sicilies. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Ferdinand Pius.

Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of the Two Sicilies
Maria Theresa of Austria (31 July 1816 – 8 August 1867) was the second wife of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, making her Queen of the Two Sicilies. She was the eldest daughter of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg.
Ratio of uniforms
The ratio of uniforms is a method initially proposed by Kinderman and Monahan in 1977 for pseudo-random number sampling, that is, for drawing random samples from a statistical distribution. Like rejection sampling and inverse transform sampling, it is an exact simulation method. The basic idea of the method is to use a change of variables to create a bounded set, which can then be sampled uniformly to generate random variables following the original distribution. One feature of this method is that the distribution to sample is only required to be known up to an unknown multiplicative factor, a common situation in computational statistics and statistical physics.

Empirical distribution function
In statistics, an empirical distribution function (a.k.a. an empirical cumulative distribution function, eCDF) is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample. This cumulative distribution function is a step function that jumps up by 1/n at each of the n data points. Its value at any specified value of the measured variable is the fraction of observations of the measured variable that are less than or equal to the specified value.

The empirical distribution function is an estimate of the cumulative distribution function that generated the points in the sample. It converges with probability 1 to that underlying distribution, according to the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem. A number of results exist to quantify the rate of convergence of the empirical distribution function to the underlying cumulative distribution function.
The Fairy Gunmother
The Fairy Gunmother (1987, orig. French: La fée carabine) is a comic novel by the French novelist Daniel Pennac, the second in his Malaussène saga. It, arguably, was the novel that first brought fame to Pennac, his earlier novel Au bonheur des ogres debuting to comparatively muted acclaim. La fée carabine was a critical success, winning three literary awards in 1988: the Trophée 813 for best novel, the Grenoble polar (whodunnit) prize, and that of the city of Mans.

Comic novel
A comic novel is a novel-length work of humorous fiction. Many well-known authors have written comic novels, including P. G. Wodehouse, Henry Fielding, Mark Twain, and John Kennedy Toole. Comic novels are often defined by the author's literary choice to make the thrust of the work—in its narration or plot—funny or satirical in orientation, regardless of the putative seriousness of the topics addressed.
Switchel
Switchel, switzel, swizzle, switchy, ginger-water, or haymaker's punch (of uncertain etymology, but possibly related to "sweet"), is a drink made from water mixed with vinegar and often seasoned with ginger. It is typically sweetened with molasses, although honey, sugar, brown sugar, or maple syrup may also be used. In the U.S. state of Vermont, oatmeal and lemon juice were sometimes added to the beverage.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
TNT – Fortuna Meeting
The TNT – Fortuna Meeting is an annual track and field combined events meeting which takes place at Sletiště Stadium in Kladno, Czech Republic in mid-June. The event, which features a men's decathlon and a women's heptathlon, attracted an audience of 5000 in its inaugural edition in 2007 and saw world record holder Roman Šebrle win the men's competition with a total of 8697 points – the best decathlon performance that year. In 2010 the meeting was given IAAF World Combined Events Challenge status by the International Association of Athletics Federations.

The meeting director is Zdeněk Lubenský, a former Czech pole vaulter. A junior decathlon competition was introduced in 2010 and it was won by Czech athlete Adam Sebastian Helcelet.

It was renamed to TNT Express Meeting in 2013, and was last held in 2017.

Roman Šebrle
Roman Šebrle (Czech pronunciation: [ˈroman ˈʃɛbr̩lɛ]; born 26 November 1974) is a Czech retired decathlete. He is considered to be one of the best decathlon athletes of all time. Originally a high jumper, he later switched to the combined events and is a former world record holder in the decathlon, holding the record for over eleven years. In 2001 in Götzis he became the first decathlete ever to achieve over 9,000 points, setting the record at 9,026 points, succeeding his compatriot, Tomáš Dvořák, who had scored 8,994 points two years earlier.

After placing second in the decathlon during the 2000 Summer Olympics, Šebrle won the gold medal in the 2004 Summer Olympics. Tradition dictates the winner of the decathlon holds the title of "World's Greatest Athlete".

A panel of experts convened by the Wall Street Journal in 2008 also ranked Šebrle as the world's greatest athlete. That very same year, Šebrle finished 6th in the decathlon in the Beijing Olympics.
La casa de los famosos México season 1
The first season of the Mexican reality television series La casa de los famosos México premiered on 4 June 2023, with a live move-in on Las Estrellas. The show follows a group of celebrities who live together in a house while being constantly filmed with no communication with the outside world as they compete to win the grand prize of $4,000,000. The season is hosted by Galilea Montijo, Diego de Erice and Odalys Ramírez.

The season concluded on 13 August 2023, after 71 days of competition with Wendy Guevara being crowned the winner, and Nicola Porcella the runner-up.

Galilea Montijo
Galilea Montijo (born Martha Galilea Montijo Torres on June 5, 1973) is a Mexican actress, comedian, model, and TV presenter. She currently hosts Hoy, a morning show of Televisa that airs on Mondays through Fridays in Mexico (on Las Estrellas) and in the United States (on Univision). Montijo hosted the talent-reality show Pequeños Gigantes, which was a success in Mexico and in the United States (again shown by Univision) in its 1st and 2nd editions (2011 and 2012 respectively). In 2014, she hosted "Va Por Ti" - a co-production of Univision and Televisa that first aired on Univision, beating the competition in the ratings. In 2015, she hosts "Me Pongo De Pie" which will air in Mexico and the United States.
Longhorn Dam
Longhorn Dam is a dam crossing the Colorado River in Austin, Texas, United States, where it creates Lady Bird Lake. Completed in 1960, the dam was built by the City of Austin as the last in a chain of Colorado River dams in central Texas begun during the Great Depression. The name refers to its location on a ford used for longhorn cattle drives as a part of the Chisholm Trail in the late 19th century. The dam is also a bridge for Pleasant Valley Road.

Texas Longhorn
The Texas Longhorn is an American breed of beef cattle, characterized by its long horns, which can span more than 8 ft (2.4 m) from tip to tip. It derives from cattle brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Americas by Spanish conquistadors from the time of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus until about 1512. For hundreds of years the cattle lived a semi-feral existence on the rangelands; they have a higher tolerance of heat and drought than most European breeds. The coat can be of any color or mix of colors; in some 40% of the cattle it is some shade of red, often a light red.

In the twenty-first century, the Longhorn is considered a part of the cultural heritage of Texas.: 343
Kap Kobenhavn Formation
The Kap Kobenhavn Formation (Cape Copenhagen Formation) is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

Shotgun sequencing analysis of environmental DNA in samples from a 2006 expedition to the Kap Kobenhavn Formation have shown the DNA is at least two million years old. The DNA contains evidence of mastodon, arctic hare, black geese, poplar trees, birch trees, willow trees, avens, bilberry, horseshoe crabs, stony corals, and green algae. Scientists have reconstructed the site's average minimum temperature to be more than 10°C warmer than the present day. The presence of the mastodon DNA shows that they ranged much further north than previously known.

Shotgun sequencing
In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random DNA strands. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun.

The chain-termination method of DNA sequencing ("Sanger sequencing") can only be used for short DNA strands of 100 to 1000 base pairs. Due to this size limit, longer sequences are subdivided into smaller fragments that can be sequenced separately, and these sequences are assembled to give the overall sequence.
In shotgun sequencing, DNA is broken up randomly into numerous small segments, which are sequenced using the chain termination method to obtain reads. Multiple overlapping reads for the target DNA are obtained by performing several rounds of this fragmentation and sequencing. Computer programs then use the overlapping ends of different reads to assemble them into a continuous sequence.

Shotgun sequencing was one of the precursor technologies that was responsible for enabling whole genome sequencing.
Jenny Macklin
Jennifer Louise Macklin AC (born 29 December 1953) is an Australian former politician. She was elected to federal parliament at the 1996 federal election and served as the deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 2001 to 2006, under opposition leaders Simon Crean, Mark Latham and Kim Beazley. After the ALP won government at the 2007 election, she held ministerial office under Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard, serving as Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (2007–2013) and Minister for Disability Reform (2011–2013). She retired from parliament at the 2019 election.

Minister for Social Services
The Minister for Social Services is an Australian Government cabinet position which is currently held by Tanya Plibersek following her swearing-in on 13 May 2025 as a result of Anthony Albanese's Labor government being re-elected at the 2025 Australian federal election. The portfolio oversees social services, including mental health, families and children's policy, and support for carers and people with disabilities, and seniors.
Klaus Weber
Klaus Weber (5 April 1936 – 8 August 2016) was a German scientist who made many fundamentally important contributions to biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology, and was for many years the director of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, Germany. This institute has been renamed the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences.

Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences
Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften) is a research institute of the Max Planck Society, located in Göttingen, Germany. It was formed on January 1, 2022, through a merger of Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry and Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine.
UFC 219
UFC 219: Cyborg vs. Holm was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on December 30, 2017, at the T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas metropolitan area.

T-Mobile Arena
T-Mobile Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Paradise, Nevada, United States. Opened on April 6, 2016, it is the home arena of the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). A joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), T-Mobile Arena is situated on the Las Vegas Strip behind the New York-New York and Park MGM casino hotels. It has been nicknamed "The Fortress."

T-Mobile Arena has hosted various sports and entertainment events, with the latter including concerts, award shows, and beauty pageants. The arena has also hosted various combat sport events, including mixed martial arts (MMA), boxing, and professional wrestling. MMA promoter Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) signed a long-term tenancy agreement with T-Mobile Arena in 2017, under which it agreed to host four events per-year over the next seven years.
Braegen-02
Braegen-02 is a small-molecule drug which acts as a potent and selective agonist of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). It is commonly referred to as CF3CN due to the CF3 and CN groups in its chemical structure, but this may cause confusion with the unrelated chemical trifluoroacetonitrile which has the chemical formula CF3CN. As with many TrkB agonists it was derived through modification of the natural product TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, but it is more potent than earlier derivatives such as R13. It is under development as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.