hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Course allocation
Course allocation is the problem of allocating seats in university courses among students. Many universities impose an upper bound on the number of students allowed to register to each course, in order to ensure that the teachers can give sufficient attention to each individual student. Since the demand for some courses is higher than the upper bound, a natural question is which students should be allowed to register to each course.

Many institutions allow students to register on a first come, first served basis. However, this may lead to unfair outcomes: a student who happens to be near his/her computer when registration starts can manage to register to all the most wanted courses, while a student who comes too late might find that all wanted courses are already full and be able to register only to less-wanted courses. To mitigate this unfairness, many institutions use more sophisticated allocation mechanisms.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Alexander O'Connor
Alexander David O'Connor  is a Fijian politician and former Member of the Parliament of Fiji for the FijiFirst Party. He served as the assistant Minister for Health and Medical Services. He was re-elected to Parliament in the 2018 election. O'Connor is from Nakasaleka, Kadavu. He resides in Lautoka. He has worked in the private sector at management level. He is unmarried.

FijiFirst
FijiFirst (FF, Fijian: iMatai ni Viti; Fiji Hindi: फिजी प्रथम) was a liberal political party in Fiji. The party was formed in March 2014 by then Prime Minister, Frank Bainimarama. It was deregistered on 1 July 2024.
2021–22 Saif Sporting Club season
The 2021–22 season was the Saif SC's 6th season since its establishment in 2016 and their 5th consecutive season in the Bangladesh Premier League after promoting in 2017. The season cover period were from 1 October 2021 to 31 July 2022.

Muktijoddha Sangsad KC
Muktijoddha Sangsad Krira Chakra  (Bengali: মুক্তিযোদ্ধা সংসদ ক্রীড়া চক্র) is a professional football club based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The club plays in the Bangladesh Championship League, the second level of Bangladeshi football league system, as they suffered relegation from the top-tier Premier League in 2022–23 for the first time since the inception of the Premier League in 2007.
Le Gentil 3
Le Gentil 3 (also known as Globular Filament 7 or GF 7 and sometimes called the Northern Inkspot) is a very large filementary dark nebula complex located in the constellation of Cygnus. The nebula is part of a larger complex called Cygnus OB7 and lies towards the western end of the Radcliffe wave. It was named after the French astronomer Guillaume Le Gentil who observed and cataloged Le Gentil 3 in the 1700s.

This nebula can be easily observed with the unaided eye from a true-dark sky observing site.

Radcliffe wave
The Radcliffe wave is a neighbouring coherent gaseous structure in the Milky Way, dotted with a related high concentration of interconnected stellar nurseries. It stretches about 8,800 light years. This structure runs with the trajectory of the Milky Way arms.

It lies at its closest (the Taurus Molecular Cloud) at around 400 light-years and at its farthest about 5,000 light-years (the Cygnus X star complex) from the Sun, always within the Local Arm (Orion Arm) itself, spanning about 40% of its length and on average 20% of its width. Its discovery was announced in January 2020, and its proximity surprised astronomers.
Herbert Littlewood
Herbert Dell Littlewood (18 December 1858 – 31 December 1925) was an English first-class cricketer and solicitor.

The son of William Dell Littlewood, he was born at Islington in December 1858. A solicitor by profession, Littlewood made five appearances in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club between 1887 and 1896, scoring 86 runs with a highest score of 35. He changed his name to Herbert Dell Littlewood-Clarke in September 1894. Littlewood died at Ramsgate on New Year's Eve in 1925.

Ramsgate
Ramsgate is a seaside port town and civil parish in the district of Thanet in eastern Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. In 2021 it had a population of 42,027. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate  provided cross-channel ferries for many years.
Football at the 1971 Pan American Games
The sixth edition of the football tournament at the Pan American Games was held in five cities in Colombia: Cali (main city of the Games) Cartago, Buga, Palmira and Tuluá, from 31 July to 12 August 1971. Twelve teams divided in three groups of four did compete in a round-robin competition, with Mexico defending the title. After the preliminary round there was a final round.

Tuluá
4°5′0″N 76°12′0″W﻿ / ﻿4.08333°N 76.20000°W﻿ / 4.08333; -76.20000
Tuluá (Spanish pronunciation: [tuluˈa]), is a city located in the heart of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. A major industrial and commercial center, it is the region's fourth-largest city after Cali—the department capital—Palmira and Buenaventura. Founded around 1741 by Juan de Lemos y Aguirre, it has a population of approximately 178,000. It is also known as the Corazón del Valle (meaning 'The Heart of Valle'), as La Villa de Céspedes ('Town of Céspedes', named after the naturalist Juan María Céspedes) and Tierra Fácil ('Easy Land' in the native language).

It is well known throughout Colombia and many parts of South America as a major center of salsa dancing.
Badri Pandey (politician)
Badri Pandey (Nepali: बद्री पाण्डे) is a Nepali politician belonging to Nepali Congress. He was a member of National assembly elected from 2018 elections. He was elected in 2022 from Bajura to the House of Representatives.

He was appointed as Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation.

He is the elected deputy general secretary of the ruling party elected by 14th general convention of Nepali Congress.

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
August Wester
August Wester, Jr. (February 12, 1882 – September 1960) was an American wrestler who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in bantamweight category. He was born in Newark, New Jersey.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi (born Ahmad Shah Awan; 20 November 1916 – 10 July 2006) was a Pakistani Urdu language poet, journalist, literary critic, dramatist and short story author.

He wrote 50 books on poetry, fiction, criticism, journalism and art. He was a major figure in contemporary Urdu literature. His poetry was distinguished by its humanism, and his Urdu afsana (short story) work is considered by some second only to Munshi Premchand in its depiction of rural culture. He was also the editor and publisher of the literary magazine Funoon for almost half a century. He received awards such as the Pride of Performance in 1968 and Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 1980 for his literary work.

Gulzar, one of the most influential writers in modern India, called him his mentor and guru.

Attock
Attock (Punjabi, Urdu: اٹک), formerly known as Campbellpur (Punjabi, Urdu: کیمبل پور), is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, not far from the national capital Islamabad. The headquarters of the Attock District, it is the 36th largest city in the Punjab and the 61st largest city in the country, by population. The city was founded in 1908 several miles southeast of the historical city of Attock Khurd, which had been established by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century, and was initially named in honour of Sir Colin Campbell.
Paint This Town
Paint This Town is the seventh studio album by old-time folk band Old Crow Medicine Show. Conceptually, the album aimed to shine a light on the darker aspects of the American experience, with character-driven songs underpinned by the band's vision for a more harmonious future. Released on April 22, 2022, via ATO Records, it marked their return to the label which released 2012's Carry Me Back and 2014's Remedy. It was preceded by the singles "Paint This Town", "Bombs Away", "Honey Chile" and "Gloryland".

It is their first album following the departure of Chris "Critter" Fuqua, leaving bandleader Ketch Secor as the sole remaining founding member of the group, though Fuqua is still credited as a writer on two of the album's twelve tracks. It is also the band's first album to feature Mike Harris, Mason Via and Jerry Pentecost, who became their first permanent drummer.

ATO Records
ATO Records (or According to Our Records) is an American independent record label based in New York City. The label was established in 2000 by Dave Matthews and manager Coran Capshaw.

ATO's roster includes My Morning Jacket, Brittany Howard, Black Pumas, Nick Hakim, Alabama Shakes, Rodrigo y Gabriela, Mattiel, Brandi Carlile, Joseph, King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard, Hurray for the Riff Raff, Benjamin Booker, Lee Ann Womack, SOJA, Okkervil River, Blind Pilot, Old 97's, Neal Francis, Monsters of Folk, Drive-By Truckers, Primus, Margaret Glaspy, The Claypool Lennon Delirium, J Roddy Walston and the Business, Amyl and the Sniffers and They Are Gutting a Body of Water.

The label also operates a sublabel, TBD Records, which was founded in 2007 and is best known for being the North American distributor for two Radiohead albums.

ATO is distributed in the US by Universal's Virgin Music Label & Artist Services and by PIAS Group in Europe.
Haseb-i Tabari
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ayyub-i Haseb-i Tabari (Persian: حاسب طبری) was a Persian astronomer. All of his works are in Persian language and none of them are written in Arabic (though some of his works have Arabic titles). Not much is known about his life. His works are among the oldest scientific works in Persian language. He used many Persian equivalents for Arabic words. He was from Amol, Tabaristan.

Tabaristan
Tabaristan or Tabarestan (Persian: طبرستان, romanized: Ṭabarestān; Mazanderani: تبرستون, romanized: Tabarestun; from Middle Persian: , Tapur(i)stān) was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. It corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran, which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th century onwards.
Nocciolini di Chivasso
Nocciolini di Chivasso are small round cookies made with meringue (sugar and egg whites) and hazelnuts typical of the comune (municipality) of Chivasso, in the province of Turin, Italy. They are similar to nocciolini di Canzo, which are a protected speciality of the Lombardy region.

Chivasso
Chivasso (pronounced [kiˈvasso]; Piedmontese: Civass) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin, in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Turin. Chivasso has a population of about 27,000. It is situated on the left bank of the Po river, near the influx of the Orco river.

The municipality of Chivasso contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Montegiove, Betlemme, Torassi, Castelrosso, Pogliani, Borghetto, Mosche, Mandria, Boschetto, and Pratoregio.

Chivasso borders the following municipalities: Mazzè, Caluso, San Benigno Canavese, Montanaro, Rondissone, Verolengo, Volpiano, Brandizzo, San Sebastiano da Po, Castagneto Po, San Raffaele Cimena.

The name probably has a Roman origin (Clavasium, which is used nowadays by local companies).
Tan Siew Sin
Tan Siew Sin (simplified Chinese: 陈修信; traditional Chinese: 陳修信; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Siu-sìn; pinyin: Chén Xīuxìn; 21 May 1916 – 17 March 1988) was a Malaysian politician who served as the  Minister of Commerce and Industry, Minister of Finance, and 3rd President of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA, formerly Malayan Chinese Association) – a major component party of Alliance and later Barisan Nasional (BN) coalitions. In his term as the Minister of Finance, a new Malaysian currency, Malaysian Ringgit was introduced. He is the longest-serving Minister of Finance by serving in the position for 15 years.

Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit ((/ˈrɪŋɡɪt/, Malaysian: [ˈriŋget]); plural: ringgit; symbol: RM; currency code: MYR; Malay name: Ringgit Malaysia; formerly the Malaysian dollar) is the currency of Malaysia. Issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia, it is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen).
Print-through
Print-through is a generally undesirable effect that arises in the use of magnetic tape for storing analog signals, in which a signal recorded on one section of tape is transferred onto other sections in close proximity. It is caused by the pattern of magnetic fields recorded on the source tape influencing the ferromagnetic particles in adjacent tape to align with the source.

Print-through is experienced as an unintended artefact when audio recordings are stored on reels, with layers wound closely together, causing pre- and post-print echoes on playback. After the advent of videotape, the mechanics behind print-through were applied to quickly duplicate tapes. In the context of videotape duplication, print-through is more often referred to as contact recording or contact printing.

Reel
A reel is a tool used to store elongated and flexible objects (e.g. yarns/cords, ribbons, cables, hoses, etc.) by wrapping the material around a cylindrical core known as a spool. Many reels also have flanges (known as the rims) around the ends of the spool to help retain the wrapped material and prevent unwanted slippage off the ends. In most cases, the reel spool is hollow in order to pass an axle and allow it to spin like a wheel, a winding process known as reeling, which can be done by manually turning the reel with handles or cranks, or by machine-powered rotating via (typically electric) motors.
Deltacoronavirus
Deltacoronavirus (Delta-CoV) is one of the four genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta-) of coronaviruses. It is in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the family Coronaviridae. They are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Deltacoronaviruses infect mostly birds and some mammals.

While the alpha and beta genera are derived from the bat viral gene pool, the gamma and delta genera are derived from the avian and pig viral gene pools.

Recombination appears to be common among deltacoronaviruses.  Recombination occurs frequently in the viral genome region that encodes the host receptor binding protein.  Recombination between different viral lineages contributes to the emergence of new viruses capable of interspecies transmission and adaptation to new animal hosts.

Viral envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.
2019 Philippine gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections were held in the Philippines on May 13, 2019. All provinces elected their provincial governors for three-year terms, who will be inaugurated on June 30, 2019 after their proclamation. Governors that are currently serving their third consecutive terms are prohibited from running as governors (they may run for any other posts however).

Metro Manila and Highly urbanized cities and independent component cities such as Angeles City, Cebu City and Davao City are outside the jurisdiction of any province and thus do not run elections for governors of their mother provinces (Pampanga, Cebu and Davao del Sur respectively). These shall elect mayors instead.

Davao del Sur
Davao del Sur (Cebuano: Habagatang Dabaw; Filipino: Katimugang Davao), officially the Province of Davao del Sur (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Habagatang Dabaw, Lalawigan sa Davao del Sur; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Katimugang Davao, Lalawigan ng Davao del Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Digos. Davao City is the largest city in terms of area and population within the province's jurisdiction, yet it is administratively independent from the province; as such, Davao City is only grouped for geographical and statistical purposes and serves as the regional center of Davao Region.

The province is bounded by Davao del Norte to the north, Davao Occidental to the south-east, Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat to the west, South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south-west, and Davao Gulf to the east.
Adam McPhee
Adam McPhee (born 6 October 1982) is an Australian rules football player who played for the Fremantle Football Club and the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is a versatile player who has played both as a forward, defender and tagging role, with high-profile clashes with Gary Ablett, Jr. and Chris Judd in 2010.

Glossary of Australian rules football
This list is an alphabetical glossary of Australian rules football terms, jargon and slang. While some of these entries are shared with other sports, Australian rules football has developed a unique and rich terminology.

Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics.
Hafsteinsson
Hafsteinsson is an Icelandic patronymic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daníel Hafsteinsson (born 1999), Icelandic footballer

Magnús Þór Hafsteinsson (1964–2025), Icelandic politician

Vésteinn Hafsteinsson (born 1960), Icelandic discus thrower

Magnús Þór Hafsteinsson
Magnús Þór Hafsteinsson (29 May 1964 – 30 June 2025) was an Icelandic journalist, politician, writer and a fisherman. He served as a member of Alþingi for the Liberal Party from 2003 to 2007. Prior to his political career, he worked as a journalist for RÚV and the Norvegian newspaper Fiskaren. He was educated in ichthyology.
University of Béjaïa
The University of Béjaïa (French: Université de Béjaïa, Arabic: جامعة بجاية, romanized: Jamieat Bijaya, Kabyle: ⵝⴰⵚⴷⴰⵯⵉⵝ ⵏ ⴱⴴⴰⵢⵝ, romanized: Tasdawit n'Bgayet) or University Abderrahmane Mira of Béjaïa is a university in Béjaïa, Algeria. It is named after Abderrahmane Mira.

Set up in 1983, it became a university in 1998.

Kabyle language
Kabyle (/kəˈbaɪl/) or Kabylian (/kəˈbɪliən/; native name: Taqbaylit [θɐqβæjlɪθ] ⓘ) is a Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people in the north and northeast of Algeria. It is spoken primarily in Kabylia.

Estimating the number of Berber speakers is very difficult and figures are often contested. A 2004 estimate was that 9.4% of the Algerian population spoke Kabyle. The number of diaspora speakers has been estimated at one million.
Dry Your Eyes
"Dry Your Eyes" is a single by English rapper and producer Mike Skinner under the music project the Streets. It was released in the UK on 19 July 2004. The song is the Streets' most successful single, reaching number one in the United Kingdom on 25 July 2004, six days after its release. "Dry Your Eyes" also went straight to number one in Ireland staying there for three weeks in a row.

An early version of the track featured Chris Martin of Coldplay singing the chorus, but he decided against its release, believing his contribution did not work as well as others. The final version was delivered by singer-songwriter Matt Sladen, who was also a member of the band Officers.

Mike Skinner (musician)
Michael Geoffrey Skinner (born 27 November 1978) is an English rapper, singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer. Best known for the music project the Streets, Skinner has also released music as a solo artist, as part of the D.O.T. with frequent collaborator Rob Harvey, and under the pseudonym The Darker the Shadow the Brighter the Light.
Vince Granatelli Racing
Vince Granatelli Racing was an American auto racing team that competed in the CART PPG IndyCar World Series between 1987 and 1991.

The team's greatest success came in their first and final seasons, as each year, their driver (Roberto Guerrero in the former and Arie Luyendyk in the latter) each won two races during the season.

For all of the team's existence, the cars were painted in a dayglow red livery meant to be a tribute to Andy Granatelli's STP-sponsored Indy cars.

Lola Cars
Lola Cars Limited is a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1958 by Eric Broadley in Bromley, England. The company is now owned by Till Bechtolsheimer, who purchased it in 2022. Lola Cars endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world. Lola started by building small front-engine sports cars, and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles. In 2012, Lola Cars stopped operations. Lola returned to motorsport in 2024 by joining the Formula E World Championship as an entrant and a powertrain supplier in a technical partnership with Yamaha.
Vicovu de Jos
Vicovu de Jos (German: Unter Wikow or Unterwikow) is a commune located in Suceava County, Bukovina, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Vicovu de Jos.

The commune lies in the hilly area of the Bukovinian Subcarpathians, on the right bank of the Suceava River. It is located in the northern part of the county, 57 km (35 mi) northeast of its capital, Suceava, only a few miles from the Romania–Ukraine border. It borders on the north-west with Vicovu de Sus, on the north with Bilca and the Obcina Mare mountains, on the west with Putna, on the south with Voitinel, and on the east with Gălănești.

Vicovu de Jos is situated at the intersection of national roads DN2E and DN2H. The railway station serves the CFR Line 500, which connects Bucharest with the Ukrainian border near Chernivtsi.

Suceava County
Suceava County (Romanian pronunciation: [suˈtʃe̯ava]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the southern part of the historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper. The county seat and the most populous urban settlement of the county is Suceava.