hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Cohen (art critic)
David Cohen is an American art critic, art historian, curator and publisher. He is the editor of artcritical.com, which he founded in 2001. Cohen is also the organizer and moderator of The Review Panel, an ongoing public discussion forum that he launched in 2004, and has been hosted by the National Academy Museum and School and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He teaches at Pratt Institute, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Fashion Institute of Technology and other institutions.

National Academy of Design
The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Frederick Styles Agate, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition." Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.
Donald Harker
Christianity portal

Donald Frederick Harker (born 1945) was the seventh Bishop of George.

He was born in 1945 and educated at St Peter's, Alice and ordained in 1969. He began his career with a curacy at All Saints Mossel Bay before becoming the incumbent at Beaufort West. He ascended to the episcopate in 1999 and resigned his see in 2010.

Mossel Bay
Mossel Bay (Afrikaans: Mosselbaai) is a harbour town of about 170,000 people on the Garden Route of South Africa. It is an important tourism and farming region of the Western Cape Province. Mossel Bay lies 400 kilometres east of the country's seat of parliament, Cape Town (which is also the capital city of the Western Cape), and 400 km west of Gqeberha, the largest city in the Eastern Cape. The older parts of the town occupy the north-facing side of the Cape St Blaize Peninsula, whilst the newer suburbs straddle the Peninsula and have spread eastwards along the sandy shore of the Bay.

The town's economy relied heavily on farming, fishing and its commercial harbour (the smallest in the Transnet Port Authority's stable of South African commercial harbours), until the 1969 discovery of natural offshore gas fields led to the development of the gas-to-liquids refinery operated by PetroSA. Tourism is another important driver of Mossel Bay's economy.
Lefty James
William A. "Lefty" James (July 1, 1889 – May 3, 1933) was an American left handed Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Cleveland Naps from 1912 to 1914.  He also played 12 seasons in the minor leagues, playing for the Toledo Mud Hens, Cleveland Bearcats, Cleveland Spiders, Louisville Colonels, San Antonio Broncos, Portland Beavers, Beaumont Exporters, New Orleans Pelicans, Atlanta Crackers, Chattanooga Lookouts, and Mobile Bears.

James was born, and died, in Glen Roy, Ohio, and is buried at Ridgewood Cemetery in nearby Wellston.

Cleveland Bearcats
The Cleveland Bearcats were an American professional Minor League Baseball team that played in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1914 and 1915 as members of the American Association. They shared League Park with the American League's Cleveland Naps. After the 1913 season, Charles Somers, owner of the Toledo Mud Hens and Cleveland Naps, relocated the Toledo team to Cleveland. The team played the 1914 season as the Cleveland Bearcats but became the Cleveland Spiders in 1915. The team moved back to Toledo in 1916.
Andy McKee (bassist)
Andrew G. McKee (born November 11, 1953) is a New York-based, American bassist who has been performing and recording in North America, South America, Europe, and Japan since 1978.  McKee's most important rhythm section mentors have included Philly Joe Jones, Elvin Jones and Idris Muhammad. He travelled widely in Europe with both Elvin Jones and with French pianist Michel Petrucciani.  He played for about a decade with the Mingus Big Band and has had his own groups.  He is the author of two books on upright bass technique and has taught at The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music since 1993.

Michel Petrucciani
Michel Petrucciani (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl petʁutʃani]; Italian: [petrutˈtʃaːni]; 28 December 1962 – 6 January 1999) was a French jazz pianist. From birth he had osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disease that causes brittle bones and, in his case, short stature. Despite his health condition and relatively short life, he became one of the most accomplished jazz pianists of his generation.
Mesozygiella
Mesozygiella is an extinct genus of orb-weaving spider (family Araneidae), with one known species, Mesozygiella dunlopi, dating from the Early Cretaceous, making it the earliest orb-weaver yet discovered. Two male specimens of the species were found embedded in amber in Álava, northern Spain. The fossils provide direct evidence that the three major orb weaving families, namely Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Uloboridae, had evolved by this time, about 140 million years ago. They probably originated during the Jurassic (200-145 million years ago). All three families very likely have a common origin.

The found males have a body length of two to almost three millimeters and eight eyes. The fossils are highly similar to recent Zygiella species, apart from the embolus originating medially rather than distally.

Álava
Álava (Spanish: [ˈalaβa]) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava.

It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).
Arkadelphia Aquatic Park
Arkadelphia Aquatic Park is a water park located in Arkadelphia, Arkansas. During the 2006 season, nearly 25,000 individuals visited the park.  This was up over 20% from 2005.  Roughly 40% of the visitors are from out of town.

Water park
A water park (also waterpark, water world, or aquapark) is an amusement park that features water play areas such as swimming pools, water slides, splash pads, water playgrounds, and lazy rivers, as well as areas for floating, bathing, swimming, and other barefoot environments. Modern water parks may also be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or bodyboarding environment, such as a wave pool or flowrider.
Double skin milk
Double skin milk (Chinese: 雙皮奶; Jyutping: soeng1 pei4 naai5) is a Chinese dessert made of milk, egg whites, and sugar. It originated from Shunde, Guangdong. It is a velvety smooth milk custard somewhat resembling panna cotta, with two skins. The first skin is formed during cooling of the boiled milk and the second when cooling the cooked custard. Traditionally, buffalo milk is used; its higher fat content compared to cow's milk produces a smooth texture. The usage of milk from the swamp buffalo in China is unusual because of the low yield of milk as compared with that of cows and river buffalo used in the rest of the world. This dessert is particularly popular in Shunde, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Macau, and Hong Kong.

Double skin milk is rich in protein, calcium, and lactose.

Lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lac (gen. lactis), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars. The compound is a white, water-soluble, non-hygroscopic solid with a mildly sweet taste. It is used in the food industry.
Paris Bearcats
The Paris Bearcats were a minor league baseball team based in Paris, Texas that played in the East Texas League in 1925 and 1926. The team, which was non affiliated with any major league squads, featured multiple major league players, including Jim Battle, Moose Clabaugh, Jim Oglesby, Jack Russell, Red Schillings and Bill Stellbauer. In 1925, under manager Les Tullos, the squad was the league champion.

Bill Stellbauer
William Jennings Stellbauer (March 20, 1894 – February 16, 1974) was an American Major League Baseball outfielder who played in 1916 with the Philadelphia Athletics. He batted and threw right-handed. Stellbauer had a .271 batting average in 25 games, 13 hits in 48 at-bats, in his one-year career.

He was born in Bremond, Texas and died in New Braunfels, Texas.
Thiratoscirtus efik
Thiratoscirtus efik is a species of jumping spider in the genus Thiratoscirtus that lives in Nigeria. The species was first described in 2012 by Wanda Wesołowska and Glavis Edwards. The spider is named for the Efik people that live near where it was first found. It is a medium-sized spider, with a cephalothorax that is between 2.4 and 2.5 mm long and an abdomen that is 2.2 mm in length, both oval in shape. It is generally brown, apart from its abdomen, which is brownish-grey, with a covering of fine hairs. The male has pedipalps that are similar to the related Thiratoscirtus elgonensis and Thiratoscirtus obudu but differ in details, including the size of the spike on the palpal tibia known as the tibial apophysis.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
This England (album)
This England is a classical music album by the Oregon Symphony under the artistic direction of Carlos Kalmar, released by Dutch record label PentaTone Classics in November 2012. The album was recorded at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall in Portland, Oregon, at five performances in February and May 2012. It contains works by three English 20th-century composers: Edward Elgar's Cockaigne (In London Town), Ralph Vaughan Williams' Symphony No. 5, and "Four Sea Interludes" and "Passacaglia" from Benjamin Britten's opera Peter Grimes. The recording was the orchestra's second under Kalmar's leadership, following Music for a Time of War (2011), which also included works by Britten and Vaughan Williams. This England received positive critical reception but failed to chart.

Blanton Alspaugh
Blanton Alspaugh (born 1959) is an American record producer, specialised in classical recordings. He has so far (the 64th Grammy Awards season) won 11 Grammy Awards.

Alspaugh earned a bachelor's of science degree in music education from Tennessee Technological University and a master's degree in orchestral conducting from Rice University. He has been a member of the Soundmirror classical music recording and production team since 1999.

He has worked with a variety of orchestras and musicians, including Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Los Angeles Opera Orchestra, the Harrington String Quartet, William Boggs, Stanislav Pronin and Emmanuel Feldman.

Alspaugh won his first Grammy in 2009 for Best Small Ensemble Performance for Spotless Rose: Hymns to the Virgin Mary.
Coextinction
Coextinction and cothreatened refer to the phenomenon of the loss or decline of a host species resulting in the loss or endangerment of another species that depends on it, potentially leading to cascading effects across trophic levels. The term was originated by the authors Stork and Lyal (1993) and was originally used to explain the extinction of parasitic insects following the loss of their specific hosts. The term is now used to describe the loss of any interacting species, including competition with their counterpart, and specialist herbivores with their food source.  Coextinction is especially common when a keystone species goes extinct.

Trophic level
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web.  Within a food web, a food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. A food web starts at trophic level 1 with primary producers such as plants, can move to herbivores at level 2, carnivores at level 3 or higher, and typically finish with apex predators at level 4 or 5.  The path along the chain can form either a one-way flow or a part of a wider food "web".  Ecological communities with higher biodiversity form more complex trophic paths.

The word trophic derives from the Greek τροφή (trophē) referring to food or nourishment.
Coachella 2023
Coachella 2023 was a music festival that took place over two weekends in mid-April 2023. The 22nd Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Coachella 2023 was held at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California. The festival was headlined by Puerto Rican rapper Bad Bunny, South Korean girl group Blackpink, American singer Frank Ocean, and American rock band Blink-182.

Fred Again
Frederick John Philip Gibson (born 19 July 1993), known professionally as Fred Again (stylised as Fred again..) or simply Fred, is a British record producer, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and DJ.  At the 66th Annual Grammy Awards, he was nominated for Best New Artist, won Best Dance/Electronic Album for his third album Actual Life 3 (January 1 – September 9 2022) (2022), and won Best Dance/Electronic Recording for his 2023 single "Rumble" (with Skrillex and Flowdan).
Street art in Melbourne
Melbourne, the capital of Victoria and the largest city in Australia, has gained international acclaim for its diverse range of street art and associated subcultures. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, much of the city's disaffected youth were influenced by the graffiti of New York City, which subsequently became popular in Melbourne's inner suburbs, and along suburban railway and tram lines.

Melbourne was a major city in which stencil art was embraced at an early stage, earning it the title of "stencil capital of the world"; the adoption of stencil art also increased public awareness of the concept of street art. The first stencil festival in the world was held in Melbourne in 2004 and featured the work of many major international artists.

Glossary of graffiti
A number of words and phrases that have come to describe different styles and aspects of graffiti and its subculture. Like other jargon and colloquialisms, some of these terms may vary regionally, taking on different meanings across different cities and countries. The following terminology originates primarily in the United States.
William H. West (Louisiana politician)
William H. West (February 13, 1928 – August 22, 2016) was an American educator and politician.

West was born in Hornbeck, Vernon Parish, Louisiana and graduated from Leesville High School in Leesville, Louisiana. He received his bachelor's degree in biology from Northwestern State University. West served in the United States Army and was a medic instructor. He was a teacher, coach, and principal with the Vernon Parish school system. West also taught nursing at the Northwestern University, He served in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1978 to 1984 for two terms and was a Democrat. He died in Praireville, Ascension Parish, Louisiana.

Vernon Parish, Louisiana
Vernon Parish (French: Paroisse de Vernon) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,750. The parish seat and most populous municipality is Leesville. Bordered on the west by the Sabine River, the parish was founded in 1871 during the Reconstruction era.

It was long a center of the timber industry, which harvested pine in the hills and bottomland hardwoods. Construction of a railway to the area in 1897 stimulated the marketing of lumber and businesses in the area.

Since World War II, Fort Polk,  formerly Fort Johnson, has been most important to the parish economy. The population of the Leesville area rapidly increased fivefold after the fort was opened. Vernon Parish is part of the Fort Polk South, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the DeRidder-Fort Polk South, LA Combined Statistical Area.
Hélène Marie Antigna
Hélène Marie Antigna (8 July 1837 – 10 March 1918) was a French painter.

Hélène-Marie Pettit was born at Melun, 8 July 1837.
She was a pupil of her husband, Jean Pierre Antigna, and of Eugène Delacroix. Her best works are small genre subjects. She exhibited every year after 1861; Chercheuse de bois mort (1861) and Retour du contrebandier (1868) are mentioned. In 1877, she exhibited at the Paris Salon, On n'entre pas! and the New Cider; in 1876, an Interior at Saint Brieuc and A Stable; in 1875, Tant va la cruche à l'eau.

Melun
Melun (French pronunciation: [məlœ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about 41 kilometres (25+1⁄2 miles) from the centre of the capital. Melun is the prefecture of Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of one of its arrondissements. Its inhabitants are called Melunais.
Braciolone
Braciolone is an Italian roulade meat dish consisting of braised beef, veal or pork that is filled with cheese, salami, hard-boiled eggs, and breadcrumbs and then rolled. It is typically served topped with a tomato-based sauce. Various additional ingredients can be used, such as garlic, parsley, walnuts, and pork lard, among others. The hard-boiled eggs are sometimes placed in the center of the roll, which provides a "bull's-eye" appearance when the dish is sliced. It has been described as a large-sized braciola-style dish.

Braciolone is also a dish in Sicilian cuisine and the cuisine of the U.S. state of Louisiana.

Braising
Braising (from the French word braiser) is a combination cooking method that uses both wet and dry heats: typically, the food is first browned at a high temperature, then simmered in a covered pot in cooking liquid (such as wine, broth, coconut milk, or beer). It is similar to stewing, but braising is done with less liquid and usually used for larger cuts of meat. Braising of meat is often referred to as pot roasting, though some authors make a distinction between the two methods, based on whether additional liquid is added. Osso buco and coq au vin are well known braised meat dishes, and the technique can also be used to prepare fish, tempeh, tofu, or fruits and vegetables.
Certificate Management Protocol
The Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is an Internet protocol standardized by the IETF used for obtaining X.509 public-key certificates in a PKI.

CMP is a very feature-rich and flexible protocol.
So far it is the only protocol with support of all types of cryptography. This includes KEM keys, which have become more important for post-quantum cryptography (PQC).

CMP messages are self-contained, which makes the protocol independent of the transport mechanism and provides end-to-end security also over multiple hops. This distinguishes CMP and CMC from other certificate enrollment protocols including EST.
CMP messages are defined in ASN.1 syntax and encoded using the DER method.

CMP is described in RFC 9810. Enrollment request messages employ the Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF), described in RFC 4211 and updated in RFC 9045.
The only other protocol so far using CRMF is Certificate Management over CMS (CMC), described in RFC 5273.

Key encapsulation mechanism
In cryptography, a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) is a public-key cryptosystem that allows a sender to generate a short secret key and transmit it to a receiver confidentially, in spite of eavesdropping and intercepting adversaries.  Modern standards for public-key encryption of arbitrary messages are usually based on KEMs.

A KEM allows a sender who knows a public key to simultaneously generate a short random secret key and an encapsulation or ciphertext of the secret key by the KEM's encapsulation algorithm.
The receiver who knows the private key corresponding to the public key can recover the same random secret key from the encapsulation by the KEM's decapsulation algorithm.

The security goal of a KEM is to prevent anyone who does not know the private key from recovering any information about the encapsulated secret keys, even after eavesdropping or submitting other encapsulations to the receiver to study how the receiver reacts.
Sakchi
Sakchi is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Situated in the heart of the city, it is surrounded by Bistupur to the west, Swarnarekha River to the north, Kalimati to the south and Bhalubasa to the east. The neighbourhood covers a very large area and is further divided into many neighbourhoods.

It was a village in north eastern Indian territory of Singhbhum which was selected by Jamsetji Tata to be the location of a planned steel city, which in 1919 became Jamshedpur.  Sakchi is now part of the city between the Tata Steel site and the river Subarnarekha. Then it was known as Kalimati. Due to the presence of iron ore, river water and sand, Jamsetji Tata decided to establish TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited) there. The company is now known as Tata Steel. Gradually, the neighborhood became more urbanized and new developments came, such as Jubilee Park, Tata Steel Zoological Park and Water Pumping Station. It has its own police station.

Singhbhum district
Singhbhum  was a district of India during the British Raj, part of the Chota Nagpur Division of the Bengal Presidency. It was located in the present-day Indian state of Jharkhand. Chaibasa was the district headquarters. Located in the southern limit of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, Singhbhum included the Kolhan estate located in its southeastern part. The district has been segmented into two smaller districts, East Singhbhum and West Singhbhum.
AKO Capital
AKO Capital (AKO) is a British investment management firm based in London that focuses on investment in equities. It was founded by Nicolai Tangen who later relinquished his position and ownership of the firm so he could manage the Government Pension Fund of Norway, the largest sovereign wealth fund in the world.

Norges Bank
Norges Bank (Bokmål: Norges Bank, Nynorsk: Noregs Bank, lit. 'Bank of Norway') is the central bank of Norway. It is responsible for managing the Government Pension Fund of Norway, which is the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, as well as the bank's own foreign exchange reserves.
Hedy West
Hedwig Grace "Hedy" West (April 6, 1938 – July 3, 2005) was an American folksinger, songwriter and song catcher. She belonged to the same generation of folk revivalists as Joan Baez, Judy Collins and Carolyn Hester. Her most famous song "500 Miles" is one of America's most popular folk songs. English folk musician A. L. Lloyd declared West to be "far and away the best of [the] American girl singers in the [folk] revival."

Hedy West played the guitar and the banjo. On banjo, she played both clawhammer style and a unique type of three-finger picking that showed influences beyond old-time and bluegrass such as blues and jazz. She is a 2022 inductee to the Georgia Women of Achievement.

Topic Records
Topic Records is a British folk music label, which played a major role in the second British folk revival. It began as an offshoot of the Workers' Music Association in 1939, making it the oldest independent record label in the world.