hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xiong Zhi
Xiong Zhi (Chinese: 熊摯) was a ruler of the Chu state, who later became the founding monarch of the Kui (夔) state.

Xiong Zhi succeeded his father, Xiong Kang, but later abdicated due to illness. His younger brother, Xiong Yan, succeeded him as ruler of Chu, and Xiong Zhi self-exiled and founded the minor state of Kui.

The Records of the Grand Historian states Xiong Zhi's name variously as Xiong Hong (熊紅) or Xiong Zhihong (熊摯紅), and says that he was the second son of Xiong Qu and younger brother of Xiong Kang. According to the Records of the Grand Historian, Xiong Kang died early and Xiong Zhi succeeded Xiong Qu, and that he was killed by his younger brother, Xiong Yan. However, this account is contradicted by earlier historical texts Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu, as well as the account in the Xinian in the recently discovered Tsinghua Bamboo Slips.

Guoyu (book)
The Guoyu, usually translated as Discourses of the States, is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of speeches attributed to rulers and other men from the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BC). It comprises a total of 240 speeches, ranging from the reign of King Mu of Zhou (r. 956–918 BC) to the execution of the Jin minister Zhibo in 453 BC. Compilation of the Guoyu probably began during the 5th century and continued until the late 4th century BC. The earliest chapter of the compilation is the Discourses of Zhou.

The text's author is unknown, but it is sometimes attributed to Zuo Qiuming, a contemporary of Confucius; although as early as Jin dynasty, Fu Xuan objected to that attribution of authorship.
Religion of Māori people
The Māori people have a Polynesian religion that, prior to the introduction of Christianity to New Zealand was the main religious belief for Māori. By 1845, more than half of the Māori population attended church and Christianity remains the largest religion for Māori. Very few Māori still follow traditional Māori religion, although many elements of it are still observed. Several Māori religious movements have been born out of Christianity, such as the Rātana movement.

Mana (Oceanic cultures)
In Melanesian and Polynesian cultures, mana is a supernatural force that permeates the universe. Anyone or anything can have mana. They believed it to be a cultivation or possession of energy and power, rather than being a source of power. It is an intentional force.

Mana has been discussed mostly in relation to cultures of Polynesia, but also of Melanesia, notably the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.

In the 19th century, scholars compared mana to similar concepts such as the orenda of the Iroquois Indians and theorized that mana was a universal phenomenon that explained the origin of religions. However, subsequent scholarship has dismissed this theory; many parallels previously drawn in this regard have been deemed specious.
Hugh Crawford (politician)
Hugh D. Crawford (born October 23, 1941) is a Republican politician from Michigan who served on the Oakland County, Michigan Board of Commissioners as the Commissioner for District 9 which includes the cities of Novi, Northville, and the Township of Novi. Crawford is a former member of the Michigan House of Representatives where he served for three terms. He was the chairman of the powerful Committee on Regulatory Reform where he was a key player in enacting the reform policies pushed by Michigan Governor Rick Snyder.

Prior to his election to the House, Crawford was mayor of Novi from 1996–2000, and had also previously served on the city's council.

Northville, Michigan
Northville is a city in Wayne and Oakland counties in the U.S. state of Michigan. A western suburb of Detroit, Northville is located roughly 27 miles (43.5 km) northwest of Detroit, and 17 miles (27.4 km) northeast of Ann Arbor. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 6,119. It is entirely surrounded by Northville Township to the south, and Novi to the north.
Ben Jamie
Benjamin Jamie (born 1978) is a British painter based in London.
He was educated at the University of Gloucestershire and the Ecole Cantonale D'Art Du Valais in Sierre, Switzerland. He completed 2 years on the Turps Banana Painting Programme in London.

He was one of the five Prizewinners for the John Moores Painting Prize 2016.

John Moores Painting Prize
The John Moores Painting Prize is a biennial award to the best contemporary  painting, submission is open to the public. The prize is named for Sir John Moores, noted philanthropist, who established the award in 1957. The winning work and short-listed pieces are exhibited at the Walker Art Gallery as part of the Liverpool Biennial festival of visual art.
2010 Dubai Tennis Championships
The 2010 Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships was a 500 Series event on the 2010 ATP World Tour and a Premier 5 event on the 2010 WTA Tour. Both of the events took place at The Aviation Club Tennis Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The women's tournament took place from February 14 to February 20, 2010, while the men's tournament took place from February 22 to February 28, 2010 (it was planned, that the tournament would end on February 27, 2010, but due to rain the final was suspended). Novak Djokovic and Venus Williams won the singles titles.

Lucky loser
A lucky loser is a sports competitor (player or team) who loses a match in a knockout tournament or loses in qualifying, but who then enters the main draw. This can occur when another competitor withdraws during the tournament because of illness, injury, or other reasons, in which case the lucky loser re-enters the competition in place of the withdrawn competitor, or due to the structure of the tournament.

In the event of a lucky loser's re-entry to a competition, it usually occurs before all competitors in the main draw have started their first match in the tournament.
2021 Boar's Head Resort Women's Open – Doubles
Asia Muhammad and Taylor Townsend were the defending champions, having won the last edition in 2019, however both players chose not to participate.

Anna Danilina and Arina Rodionova won the title, defeating Erin Routliffe and Aldila Sutjiadi in the final, 6–1, 6–3.

Arina Rodionova
Arina Ivanovna Rodionova (Russian: Арина Ивановна Родионова; born 15 December 1989) is a Russian-born Australian professional tennis player. On 5 February 2024, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 97. On 27 July 2015, she peaked at No. 41 in the doubles rankings.

Rodionova has won one WTA Tour and one WTA 125 doubles titles, and 16 singles and 42 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. In 2007, she won the Australian Open girls' doubles title, partnering Evgeniya Rodina.

Elder sister Anastasia is also a tennis professional, and the two sisters have intermittently contested doubles tournaments together with modest success. Their most notable achievement as a team came at the 2010 Malaysian Open, in which they reached the final before losing to Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie in a super tie-break.
1986 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1986 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado at Boulder in the Big Eight Conference during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Bill McCartney, Colorado opened with four losses, but finished the regular season at 6–5 (6–1 in Big 8, second).  It was their best conference record in a quarter century, and they were invited to the Bluebonnet Bowl in Houston on New Year's Eve.

The Buffaloes were upset 23–7 in the opener by intrastate rival Colorado State, but defeated Nebraska for the first time in nineteen years, and the first time in Boulder since 1960.

1986 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1986 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.
Eupithecia serpentigena
Eupithecia serpentigena is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to Southwestern China (Sichuan). Only a single female from the Wanglang Nature Reserve is known.

The wingspan is 21 mm (0.83 in) for the holotype.

Southwestern China
Southwestern China (Chinese: 西南; pinyin: Xīnán) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.
Redbus
Redbus  or Red Bus refer to:

Corporate

Redbus Investments, formed by Cliff Stanford in the United Kingdom
Redbus Interhouse, a data centre colocation operator in Europe

Redbus Film Distribution, a movie underwriter in the UK now under Lionsgate

Bus operators

Midland Red, a former provider in the West Midlands of England

Red Bus (New Zealand), an operator in Christchurch

redBus, an Indian bus-based travel agency

Red Bus CDC NSW, an Australian transport operator

Red Jammers, an American bus service in Glacier National Park, United States

Other

Red Bus (Mendoza), a transport payment system used in Argentina

Red Bus (New Zealand)
Red Bus was a bus operator in Christchurch, New Zealand. Red Bus operated public transport bus services around Christchurch on behalf of the Canterbury Regional Council, and it operated the free inner city Shuttle on behalf of the city council until the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.

On 4 November 2020 it was announced Ritchies Transport Holdings Limited had purchased the assets of Red Bus, with 63 job losses. The sale was completed on 7 December 2020.
Lancashire County Lunatic Asylum
Lancashire County Lunatic Asylum and Lancashire County Asylum are historical names for:

The first  Lancashire County Lunatic Asylum, Lancaster Moor Hospital

The second, Prestwich Hospital

The third, Rainhill Hospital

The fourth, Whittingham Hospital

The fifth, Winwick Hospital, in Winwick, Cheshire (formerly Lancashire)

The sixth, Calderstones Hospital near Whalley

Whittingham Hospital
Whittingham Hospital was a psychiatric hospital in the parish of Whittingham, near Preston, Lancashire, England. The hospital opened in 1873 as the Fourth Lancashire County Asylum and grew to be the largest mental hospital in Britain, and pioneered the use of electroencephalograms (EEGs). It closed in 1995.
Modern pentathlon at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's
The women's Individual competition of the modern pentathlon events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 15 at the Hipica Club. The defending Pan American Games and the Pan American Championship, champion was Yane Marques of Brazil.

The top placing athlete from North America and South America along with the two other athletes not already qualified  awarded spots to compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain. The two spots was assigned to the two best placed not already qualified irrespective of region.

Margaux Isaksen of the United States was the Pan American champion.

Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held from 11 to 12 August 2012. The men's and women's events each involved 36 athletes. The venues for the events were the Copper Box (fencing), the Aquatics Centre (swimming), and Greenwich Park (horse riding and combined running and shooting).

Following the July 2011 modern pentathlon Olympic test event, UIPM president Klaus Schormann told Olympic news source Around the Rings that transportation was the key issue for the UIPM during the 2012 Olympics. "The transportation is important to get from the swimming and fencing to here in Greenwich Park," he said. "This should be properly organized, for the athletes but also for the spectators as well."

David Svoboda, representing the Czech Republic, won the men's event, and Laura Asadauskaitė of Lithuania won the women's.
National Moot Court Competition
The National Moot Court Competition is one of the oldest and most prestigious moot court competitions in the United States. Co-sponsored by the New York City Bar Association and the American College of Trial Lawyers, the competition includes up to 191 teams from 124 law schools, who compete in regional competitions in November with the top two in each region advancing  to the national competition held in the landmark House of the New York City Bar Association in February.

House of the New York City Bar Association
The House of the New York City Bar Association, located at 42 West 44th Street in Manhattan, New York, is a New York City Landmark building that has housed the New York City Bar Association since its construction in 1896.
Jaroslav Vejvoda
Jaroslav Vejvoda (1 July 1920 – 28 July 1996) was a Czech footballer and manager.

He played for Sparta Prague, Slavia Prague and FC Vítkovice. He capped once for Czechoslovakia.

He coached Dukla Prague, where he won the Czechoslovak League six times. He also coached at FC Vítkovice, Baník Ostrava and Legia Warszawa, with whom he won the Ekstraklasa in 1969.

FC Baník Ostrava
FC Baník Ostrava is a professional football club from Ostrava in the Czech Republic. The club competes in the Czech First League, the top tier of Czech football.

Founded in 1922 as SK Slezská Ostrava, Baník has won the Czech First League once, as well as the Czechoslovak First League three times. Internationally the club won the Mitropa Cup in 1988 and the Mitropa Super Cup the following year.
Marriage à la mode (play)
Marriage à la Mode is a Restoration comedy by John Dryden, first performed in London in 1673 by the King's Company. It is written in a combination of prose, blank verse and heroic couplets. It has often been praised as Dryden's best comedic endeavour, and James Sutherland accounts for this by observing that "the comic scenes are beautifully written, and Dryden has taken care to connect them with the serious plot by a number of effective links.  He writes with ... one of the most thoughtful treatments of sex and marriage that Restoration comedy can show."

The play contains two songs, "Why Should a Foolish Marriage Vow" by Robert Smith and "Whilst Alexis Lay Pressed" by Nicholas Staggins, both set to Dryden's lyrics and printed in the 1673 book Choice Songs and Ayres for One Voyce to Sing to the Theorbo-Lute or Bass-Viol.

Heroic couplet
A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used in  epic and narrative poetry, and consisting of a rhyming pair of lines in iambic pentameter.  Use of the heroic couplet was pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales, and generally considered to have been perfected by John Dryden and Alexander Pope in the Restoration Age and early 18th century respectively.
Eavere
Eavere is a village in Tori Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia. Between 1992 and 2017, the village belonged to Are Parish, after the administrative reform of Estonian local governments, the village was incorporated into in Tori Parish.

58°33′N 24°35′E﻿ / ﻿58.550°N 24.583°E﻿ / 58.550; 24.583

Pärnu County
Pärnu County (Estonian: Pärnu maakond or Pärnumaa; German: Kreis Pernau) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga, and it borders Lääne and Rapla counties to the north, Järva and Viljandi counties to the east, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Pärnu County had a population of 85,705, constituting 6.4% of the total population of Estonia.

Pärnu County is the largest county of Estonia in terms of land area.
Gotoda
Gotoda (後藤田) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Koki Gotoda (後藤田 亘輝, born 1999), Japanese footballer

Masaharu Gotoda (後藤田 正晴, 1914–2005), Japanese bureaucrat and politician

Masazumi Gotoda (後藤田 正純, born 1969), Japanese politician

Yuki Gotoda (後藤田 由紀, born 1970), Japanese actress known as Maki Mizuno

Masaharu Gotōda
Masaharu Gotōda (後藤田 正晴, Gotoda Masaharu, 9 August 1914 – 19 September 2005) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician of the Liberal Democratic Party who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Japan in 1993. He also several in several other cabinet positions such as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1982 to 1983 and 1985 to 1987 under Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone and Minister of Justice from 1992 to 1993 under Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa.

Before becoming a politician Gotōda served as Commissioner General of the National Police Agency from 1969 to 1972 and Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1972 to 1973.
Intersubband polariton
Intersubband transitions (also known as intraband transitions) are dipolar allowed optical excitations between the quantized electronic energy levels within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures. Intersubband transitions when coupled with an optical resonator form new, mixed-state photons. This mixing is referred to as an intersubband cavity-polariton. These transitions exhibit an anticrossing in energy with a separation known as vacuum-Rabi splitting, similar to level repulsion in atomic physics.

Quantization (physics)
Quantization (in British English quantisation) is the  systematic transition procedure from a classical understanding of physical phenomena to a newer understanding known as quantum mechanics.  It is a procedure for constructing  quantum mechanics from classical mechanics.  A generalization involving infinite degrees of freedom  is field quantization, as in the "quantization of the electromagnetic field", referring to photons as field "quanta" (for instance as light quanta). This procedure is basic to theories of atomic physics, chemistry, particle physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum optics.
Polotsk district
Polotsk district or Polatsk district (Belarusian: Полацкі раён, romanized: Polacki rajon; Russian: Полоцкий район, romanized: Polotsky rayon) is a district (raion) of Vitebsk region in Belarus. The administrative center of the district is Polotsk. The city of Novopolotsk is administratively separated from the district.

Districts of Belarus
A district or raion (Russian: район, romanized: rayon, pl. районы, rayony; Belarusian: раён, romanized: rajon, pl. раёны, rajony) in Belarus is the second-level administrative division in the country which are subordinate to regions (also known as oblasts).
Irwin Waldman
Irwin Douglas Waldman is an American psychologist and geneticist who is professor of psychology at Emory University. He is known for his research in behavior genetics, such as the role of genetic factors in population and race differences in intelligence. This has included work on the Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study. He served as president of the Behavior Genetics Association from 2010 to 2011,: 3  and is now an associate editor for its official journal, Behavior Genetics.

Behavior Genetics Association
The Behavior Genetics Association (BGA) is a learned society established in 1970 that promotes research into the connections between heredity and behavior, both human and animal. Its members support education and training in behavior genetics and publish Behavior Genetics, a journal on the topic.
Hedy Habra
Hedy Habra is a Lebanese-American poet, professor, fiction writer, literary critic and essayist. Born in Heliopolis, Egypt, she lived in both Egypt and Lebanon, as well as Athens, Greece, and Brussels, Belgium, before settling in Kalamazoo, Michigan, where she now resides.

Prior to moving to the United States, Habra completed a B.S. in Pharmacy at the Faculté Française de Médecine et de Pharmacie of Beirut, S.J. She holds an M.A. and an M.F.A. in English and an M.A. and PhD in Spanish Literature, which were all granted by Western Michigan University, where she currently teaches.

Habra is an avid student of languages, and is fluent in French, Arabic, English, Spanish and Italian. She studied Greek and Latin at WMU and Mandarin Chinese at the WMU Confucius Institute, along with Chinese Ink Painting and Tai Chi.

Heliopolis, Cairo
Heliopolis (Arabic: مصر الجديدة, romanized: Miṣr al-Jadīda, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈmɑsˤɾ el ɡɪˈdiːdæ, -eɡ-], lit. "New Egypt") was an early 20th-century suburb outside Cairo, Egypt, which has since merged with Cairo and is administratively divided into the districts of Masr El Gedida and El Nozha in the Eastern Area.

Named after the ancient Egyptian city of Heliopolis, whose ruins have been found in nearby Ain Shams, modern Heliopolis was established in 1905 by the Heliopolis Oasis Company headed by the Belgian industrialist Édouard Empain and by Boghos Nubar, son of the Egyptian Prime Minister Nubar Pasha.

The population in January 2022 of Masr El Gedida was estimated to be 142,017 and in El-Nozha was 244,869 people.
Little Merrill Lake (Lennox and Addington County)
Little Merrill Lake is a lake in the Moira River and Lake Ontario drainage basins in Addington Highlands, Lennox and Addington County in Ontario, Canada.

The lake is about 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mi) long and 0.6 kilometres (0.4 mi) wide and lies at an elevation of 337 metres (1,106 ft) about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of the community of Gunter and 18 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of the community of Cloyne. The primary inflow is Merrill Creek from Merrill Lake at the north, and there are three unnamed creek secondary inflows: one at the northeast, one at the east from Little Mink Lake, and one at the southeast. Merrill Creek is also the primary outflow, at the southwest, towards Whitefish Lake. Merrill Creek flows via Partridge Creek, the Skootamatta River and the Moira River into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario at Belleville.

Tudor and Cashel
Tudor and Cashel is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Hastings County.

The township consists of two non-contiguous portions, separated by Limerick township and the northernmost portion of Tweed.The municipality is mostly rural.
He Zhiqiang
He Zhiqiang (Chinese: 和志强) (1934–2007) was a People's Republic of China politician. Born in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province. He was a member of the Nakhi people. A 1956 graduate of Chongqing University, he was governor of his home province from August 1985 to January 1998.

Chongqing University
Chongqing University (CQU; 重庆大学) is a public university in Chongqing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

Chongqing University is especially highly recognized in Architecture, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgical Engineering, and Management Science. According to Academic Ranking of World Universities 2024, CQU is ranked 151-200 in the world.
Angélica Larios
Angélica Larios Delgado (born March 13, 1981) is a Mexican sabre fencer. She won a silver medal, as a member of the Mexican fencing team, in the same weapon at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico.

Larios represented Mexico at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed as a lone fencer in the women's individual sabre event. She lost the first preliminary round match to Spain's Araceli Navarro, with a score of 4–15.

Sabre (fencing)
The sabre (US English: saber, both pronounced /ˈseɪbər/) is one of the three disciplines of modern fencing alongside foil & epee. The sabre weapon is for thrusting and cutting with both the cutting edge and the back of the blade (unlike the other modern fencing weapons, the épée and foil, where a touch is scored only using the point of the blade).

The informal term sabre fencer refers to sabre fencers of both genders.