hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dobby loom
A dobby loom, or dobbie loom, is a type of floor loom that controls all the warp threads using a device called a dobby.

Dobbies can produce more complex fabric designs than tappet looms but are limited in comparison to Jacquard looms.
Dobby looms first appeared around 1843, roughly 40 years after Joseph Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard device that can be mounted atop a loom to lift the individual heddles and warp threads.

The word dobby is a corruption of "draw boy," which refers to the weaver's helpers who used to control the warp thread by pulling on draw threads.
A dobby loom is an alternative to a treadle loom. Both are floor looms in which every warp thread on the loom is attached to a single shaft using a device called a heddle.  A shaft is sometimes known as a harness.  Each shaft controls a set of threads. Raising or lowering several shafts at the same time gives a huge variety of possible sheds (gaps) through which the shuttle containing the weft thread can be thrown.

Warp and weft
In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a warp end; a pick is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are fill yarn and filling yarn).

In the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution facilitated the industrialisation of the production of textile fabrics with the picking stick and the flying shuttle, the latter of which was invented by John Kay, in 1733. The mechanised power loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, which allowed sixty picks per minute.
Tung Tau (constituency)
Tung Tau is one of the 25 constituencies in the Wong Tai Sin District in Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Wong Tai Sin District Council, with an election every four years.

The constituency has an estimated population of 16,884.

Wong Tai Sin District Council
The Wong Tai Sin District Council (Chinese: 黃大仙區議會; noted as WTS) is one of 18 such district councils in Hong Kong, representing the Wong Tai Sin District. The Wong Tai Sin District Council currently consists of 20 members, two members were each elected from one of 2 constituencies, 8 district committee members, and 8 appointed members. The latest election was held on 10 December 2023.
The Holland Sentinel
The Holland Sentinel is a newspaper published six days a week in Holland, Michigan, United States, founded in 1896. It is published by USA Today Co.

The newspaper covers most of Ottawa County, including Holland, Beechwood and Zeeland, as well as northern Allegan County, Michigan, including Douglas and Saugatuck.

Ottawa County, Michigan
Ottawa County (/ˈɒtəwə/ OT-ə-wə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States 2020 Census, the population was 296,200. The county seat is Grand Haven. The county is named for the Ottawa Nation. It was set off in 1831 and organized in 1837. Ottawa County is included in the Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and has a significant Dutch American population.

Area farmers produce more than $726 million in products annually, making Ottawa County an "agricultural powerhouse" in the state.
Conferry
Conferry (Consolidada de Ferrys C.A.) is a Venezuelan shipping company operating passenger and freight services to the islands of Margarita and Coche, and serves the ports of Puerto la Cruz, Punta de Piedras, Guanta, La Guaira, Coche Island, and the international port of Guamache. The main office of Conferry is in Plaza Venezuela, in central Caracas. In 2011, Conferry was expropriated by Hugo Chavez and rebranded as Nuevo Conferry.

Margarita Island
Margarita Island (Isla de Margarita, Spanish pronunciation: [maɾɣaˈɾita]) is the largest island in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta, situated off the north west coast of the country, in the Caribbean Sea. The capital city of Nueva Esparta, La Asunción, is located on the island.
Apollo Soucek
Apollo Soucek (February 24, 1897 – July 22, 1955) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy, who was a record-breaking test pilot during 1929 and 1930, served in World War II, and was commander of Carrier Division Three during the Korean War, ending his career as chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Tikhonovka, Kursk Oblast
Tikhonovka (Russian: Тихоновка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Rusanovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  129 (2010 Census); 123 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Estherwood (Dobbs Ferry, New York)
Estherwood is a late 19th-century mansion located on the campus of The Masters School in Dobbs Ferry, New York, United States. It was the home of industrial tycoon James Jennings McComb, who supported Masters financially in its early years when his daughters attended. The house's octagonal library was the first section built. It had been attached to McComb's previous home, but he had felt it deserved a house more in keeping with its style and so had architect Albert Buchman design Estherwood built around it.

The interior features lavish decoration and detail, with generous use of marble and gold leaf. As the only significant châteauesque building in Westchester County, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979 as Estherwood and Carriage House.

Octagon
In geometry, an octagon (from Ancient Greek  ὀκτάγωνον (oktágōnon) 'eight angles') is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.

A regular octagon has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D analog of the octagon can be the rhombicuboctahedron with the triangular faces on it like the replaced edges, if one considers the octagon to be a truncated square.
Collecting Societies and Industrial Assurance Companies Act 1896
The Collecting Societies and Industrial Assurance Companies Act 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c. 26) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated enactments relating to friendly societies and industrial assurance companies in the United Kingdom.

Friendly society
A friendly society (sometimes called a benefit society, mutual aid society, benevolent society, fraternal organization or ROSCA) is a mutual association for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings or cooperative banking. It is a mutual organization or benefit society composed of a body of people who join together for a common financial or social purpose. Before modern insurance and the welfare state, friendly societies provided financial and social services to individuals, often according to their religious, political, or trade affiliations. These societies are still widespread in many parts of the developing world, where they are referred to as ROSCAs (rotating savings and credit associations), ASCAs (accumulating savings and credit associations), burial societies, chit funds, etc.
Rod Griffin (basketball)
Rod Griffin (born June 18, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player. The 6'7" power forward spent four seasons playing at Wake Forest University, playing for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. He was the 1977 ACC Player of the year.  He was selected in the first round (17th pick overall) of the 1978 NBA draft by the Denver Nuggets. He played 13 years in Italy and in 1997 he became an Italian citizen. In Forlì supporters called him "Sindaco", the Italian word for Mayor.

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
Mr Tembo
"Mr Tembo" is the fourth single released by English recording artist, songwriter and Blur/Gorillaz frontman, Damon Albarn, from his debut solo studio album Everyday Robots. Its release as a single was limited to the United States. The track features The Leytonstone City Mission Choir and contains a sample of "Lions", from the 1959 album Way Out Humor as written and performed by Richard Buckley. The track is produced by both Albarn and Richard Russell, whom Albarn had previously worked with on Bobby Womack's comeback album The Bravest Man in the Universe and on the DRC Music album, Kinshasa One Two.

Jeff Wootton
Jeffrey Wootton (born 12 May 1987) is an English musician and songwriter from Manchester. He has been the lead guitarist in the Gorillaz live band since 2010.

A long time collaborator with Damon Albarn, he has also collaborated with Brian Eno, Massive Attack, British artist Damien Hirst, Noel Gallagher, MF DOOM, Liam Gallagher, Beady Eye, Nick Zinner, Mark Ronson, and Damo Suzuki from Can.
Clifton (Rixeyville, Virginia)
Clifton is a historic home and farm located near Rixeyville, Culpeper County, Virginia. It was built around 1845, and is a two-story frame dwelling, built in the Greek Revival style, with wings constructed about 1850 and about 1910.  Also on the property is a "street" of contributing outbuildings dated to the 19th and early 20th centuries.  They include an antebellum two-story frame kitchen with a wide stone chimney; a 19th-century frame bank barn; a stone ash house, an icehouse, a chicken house, and a small frame barn, all built around 1918; a frame chicken house constructed about 1950; and a large center-aisle frame corncrib and spring house built about 1930.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Culpeper County, Virginia
Culpeper County is a United States county located in the north-central part of the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA Combined Statistical Area, and its population was 52,552 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is the town of Culpeper.

Culpeper County was created in 1749, and its first county surveyor was a young George Washington.  The county and its residents played notable roles in America's early wars, including raising the Culpeper Minutemen, a militia that fought in both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War.
Cineriz
Cineriz was an Italian film production and distribution company, founded in 1956 by the businessman Angelo Rizzoli. The company produced and/or distributed films by Federico Fellini, Gillo Pontecorvo, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Pietro Germi, Roberto Rossellini, Vittorio De Sica and others. In 1993, Cineriz was incorporated into the RCS MediaGroup.

Pietro Germi
Pietro Germi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːtro ˈdʒɛrmi]; 14 September 1914 – 5 December 1974) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor, noted for his development of the neorealist and commedia all'italiana genres.

His 1961 film Divorce Italian Style earned him a Best Original Screenplay Oscar and a Best Director nomination at the 35th Academy Awards. Seven of his films competed at the Cannes Film Festival, with his 1966 comedy The Birds, the Bees and the Italians winning the Palme d'Or.
Kanagawa Prefectural Ofuna Botanical Garden
The Kanagawa Prefectural Ofuna Botanical Garden (神奈川県立フラワーセンター 大船植物園, Kanagawa Kenritsu Furawāsentā Ōfuna Shokubutsuen) is a botanical garden located at 1018 Okamoto, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan. It is open daily except Mondays; an admission fee is charged.

The garden was founded in 1961 as the Prefectural Flower Center Ofuna Botanical Garden on a former site of the Kanagawa National Agricultural Experiment Stations. It currently contains about 5,700 species with notable collections of Azalea, Camellia, Iris kaempferi, Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonia lactiflora, and Selaginella tamariscina.

Azalea
Azaleas (/əˈzeɪliə/ ə-ZAY-lee-ə) are flowering  shrubs in the genus Rhododendron, particularly the former subgenera Tsutsusi (evergreen) and Pentanthera (deciduous). Azaleas bloom in the spring (April and May in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, and October and November in the Southern Hemisphere), their flowers often lasting several weeks. Shade tolerant, they prefer living near or under trees. They are part of the family Ericaceae.
Lamontia
Lamontia is a genus of calcareous sponges in the family Baeriidae. It consists of one species, Lamontia zona Kirk, 1895. The genus and species were described by New Zealand biologist Harry Borrer Kirk in 1895. The type locality of Lamontia zona is Cook Strait, New Zealand.

Calcareous sponge
The calcareous sponges or calcereans are sponges that make up the class Calcarea, characterized by spicules made of calcium carbonate in the form of high-magnesium calcite or aragonite. While the spicules in most species are triradiate (with three points in a single plane), some species may possess two- or four-pointed spicules. Unlike the far more common siliceous sponges, calcareans lack microscleres, tiny spicules which reinforce the flesh. In addition, their spicules develop from the outside-in, mineralizing within a hollow organic sheath.
Cerarioporia
Cerarioporia is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Cerarioporia cystidiata, a wood-decaying poroid crust fungus found in tropical China. Cerarioporia resembles fungi placed in the genus Antrodia, but can be distinguished by its waxy to resinous fruit bodies, and microscopically by the thick-walled, encrusted cystidia. Additionally, Cerarioporia causes a white rot, while Antrodia are brown-rot fungi.

Cerarioporia is a member of the "core polyporoid clade", a phylogenetic grouping of fungi that is roughly equivalent to the family Polyporaceae. The generic name Cerarioporia, derived from Latin roots, refers to the waxy tube layer that is characteristic of this fungus.

Cystidium
A cystidium (pl.: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.
Saber Eid
Saber Eid Ali Omar (Arabic: صَابِر عِيد عَلِيّ عُمَر; (1 May 1959 - 29 December 2025) was an Egyptian football midfielder who played for Egypt in the 1990 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Ghazl El Mahalla.

He died of lung cancer on 29 December 2025.

Ghazl El Mahalla SC
Ghazl El Mahalla Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي غزل المحلة الرياضي), commonly referred to as El Mahalla or simply Mahalla, is an Egyptian football club based in El Mahalla El Kubra. They compete in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest tier of the Egyptian football league system.

They are one of seven teams to have won the Egyptian Premier League, having won it once, in the 1972–73 season. The history of Ghazl El Mahalla has witnessed many achievements, most significantly during the era of the golden generation of the club which led the team to reach the finals of the African Cup of Champions Clubs (later known as CAF Champions League) in 1974, only beaten in the final by CARA Brazzaville from the Republic of the Congo. The team also reached the final of the Egypt Cup six times, but did not win any.
UAMC
UAMC can mean:

The University of Arizona Medical Center, a hospital in Tucson, Arizona

The Université Constantine 2, a university in Algeria also known as the Université Abdelhamid Mehri de Constantine

University of Constantine 2
The University of Constantine 2, (Arabic: جامعة قسنطينة 2) ,also known as University of Abdelhamid Mehri is a public university located in Constantine, Algeria established in November 2011.

The university was established in accordance with Executive Decree No. 11-401 dated November 28, 2011, It is the same date on which the University of Constantine 3 was founded.
Membracoidea
The superfamily Membracoidea of sap-sucking true-bugs includes two of the largest families within what used to be called the "Homoptera": the leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) and the treehoppers (Membracidae). The other families in this group are quite small, and have, at various points, generally been included as members within other families, though they are all presently considered to be valid, monophyletic groups. The relict family Myerslopiidae is restricted to New Zealand and South America while the Melizoderidae consist of two genera restricted to South America. The great diversity of Neotropical taxa suggests that the group originated in that region.

The Membracoidea share the following anatomical characteristics, a tentorium which is incomplete, the midcoxae are enlarged;  and the mid and hind tibiae have rows of setae. The position of Jascopidae represented by Jascopus notabilis and Homopterulum jelli is not entirely clear but they have setal rows on the front and middle tibiae.

Myerslopiidae
Myerslopiidae is a family of tree-hoppers which consist of about 20 species in three genera with a distribution limited to New Zealand and Chile. Adult hoppers have a strongly sclerotized body with elytra-like tegmina meeting along the median. The hindwing is undeveloped. Based on observations on Mapuchea chilensis, they are thought to feed on phloem sap.  They were formerly mistakenly placed as a tribe within the Ulopinae (Cicadellidae) by Evans and then raised to subfamily rank before being moved to a different suborder.
Hans Gfäller
Hans Gfäller was a German luger who competed in the early 1910s. He won a silver medal in the men's doubles event at the inaugural European championships of 1914 in Reichenberg, Bohemia (now Liberec, Czech Republic).

FIL European Luge Championships
The FIL European Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place since 1914. From 1914 to 1934, these championships were part of the Internationaler Schlittensportsverband (ISSV - International Sled Sport Federation in (in German)). From 1935 to 1956, the championships were held under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobagganing Federation in (in French)). Since 1962, the event has been under the auspices of the FIL and has been held in even-numbered years since 1980. Since 2012, it is held annually within a preselected World Cup stages in the so-called race-in-race mode. The results of non-European athletes at these World Cup stages are not counted for European Championships standings.

For information on natural track luge championships in Europe, please see FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships, which have been contested since 1970.
Lenos
Lenos Verlag – founded in 1970 – is a Swiss publisher with a focus on literature from Arab countries as well as from Switzerland. Some of its better known authors are: Alaa Al Aswany, Ibrahim Al-Koni or Nicolas Bouvier, Alice Rivaz and Annemarie Schwarzenbach.

Nicolas Bouvier
Nicolas Bouvier (6 March 1929 in Grand-Lancy – 17 February 1998) was a 20th-century Swiss traveller, writer, picture editor and photographer. He studied in Geneva in the 1950s and lived there later between his travels.
Jean Morton
Jean Morton (17 February 1921 - 26 May 2012) was a British television announcer.  She served as continuity announcer from the launch of the original Midlands ITV franchise holder, ATV. She was one of the four original announcers, the others were Arthur Adair, Peter Cockburn and Shaw Taylor.

She was the presenter of  Tingha and Tucker, an ATV programme for children featuring two puppet Koalas, which ran from 1962 to 1970. Morton hosted the series as Auntie Jean. The show's fan club was so successful that ATV could not cope with the volume of mail and it had to be closed down. The Sunday edition of the programme was known for its religious content, with Morton reading bible stories. She was later director of the series Children of the Bible, six programmes presented by Kieron Wood and including a different group of children each Sunday.

Morton was married to Bobbie Daniel. From the early 1970s she lived in Ibiza. Morton died aged 91 in Lichfield, Staffordshire, UK on 26 May 2012.

Shaw Taylor
Eric Stanley Taylor MBE (26 October 1924 – 17 March 2015), known professionally as Shaw Taylor, was a British actor and television presenter, best known for presenting the long-running five-minute crime programme Police 5.
Pie Jesu
"Pie Jesu" (/ˈpiː.eɪ ˈjeɪ.zuː, -suː/ PEE-ay-YAY-zu; original Latin: "Pie Iesu" /ˈpi.e ˈje.su/) is a text from the Lacrimosa, a hymn in the sequence "Dies irae," where it is the final (nineteenth) couplet. The couplet is often included in musical settings of the Requiem Mass as a motet. The phrase means "pious Jesus" in the vocative.

Couplet
In poetry, a couplet (/ˈkʌplət/ CUP-lət) or distich (/ˈdɪstɪk/ DISS-tick) is a pair of successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open).  In a formal (closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there is a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse. In a run-on (open) couplet, the meaning of the first line continues to the second.
1830s
The 1830s (pronounced "eighteen-thirties") was the decade that began on January 1, 1830, and ended on December 31, 1839.

In this decade, the world saw a rapid rise in imperialism and colonialism, particularly in Asia and Africa. Britain saw a surge of power and world dominance, as Queen Victoria took to the throne in 1837. Conquests took place all over the world, particularly around the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and the British Raj. New outposts and settlements flourished in Oceania, as Europeans began to settle over Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States.

Texas Revolution
The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion by Anglo-American immigrants as well as Hispanic Texans (known as Texians and Tejanos respectively) against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. The uprising was part of a larger revolt against the Centralist Republic of Mexico that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Antonio López de Santa Anna. The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas. It was eventually annexed by the United States about a decade later.