hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stadttor
Stadttor (transl. City Gate) is a 20-storey 75 m (246 ft) high-rise building in the Unterbilk neighborhood of Düsseldorf, Germany. The building was designed by Düsseldorf-based architecture firm Petzinka Pink und Partner and completed in 1998. It marks the Southern entrance of Rheinufertunnel, which is also the reason for its parallelogram-shaped floor plan.

The building features a 15-story atrium and a double-facade, allowing natural ventilation even on higher elevation floors. The total gross floor area is some 30,000 m2 (320,000 sq ft). From 1999 until 2017, the Stadttor was the seat of the state-chancellery of the Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia
The minister-president of North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Ministerpräsident des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen), also referred to as the premier or prime minister, is the head of government of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The position was created in 1946, when the British administration merged the Prussian provinces of Westphalia and the northern part of the Prussian province of the Rhine (North Rhine) to form the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In 1947, the state was expanded by the inclusion of the state of Lippe.

The current minister-president is Hendrik Wüst, heading a coalition government between the Christian Democratic Union and Alliance 90/The Greens. Wüst succeeded Armin Laschet following his resignation in 2021.

The office of the minister-president is known as the state chancellery (German: Staatskanzlei) and is located in the capital of Düsseldorf, along with the rest of the cabinet departments.
Pycnocoma
Pycnocoma is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1849. It is native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Species

Formerly included

moved to other genera: Argomuellera Droceloncia

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Microcin
Microcins are very small bacteriocins, composed of relatively few amino acids.  For this reason, they are distinct from their larger protein cousins.  The classic example is microcin V, of Escherichia coli. Subtilosin A is another bacteriocin from Bacillus subtilis. The peptide has a cyclized backbone and forms three cross-links between the sulphurs of Cys13, Cys7 and Cys4 and the alpha-positions of Phe22, Thr28 and Phe31.

Microcins produced by commensal E. coli strains target and eliminate enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica by mimicking the siderophores the pathogens use for iron scavenging. Microcins also help commensal strains of E. coli outcompete pathogenic strains.

BACTIBASE database is an open-access database for bacteriocins including microcins.

Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis (/bəˈsɪl.əs subˈtiː.lis/), known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges. Bacillus subtilis is motile and amylase positive.  It forms biofilms through the formation of extracellular polymeric matrix containing sugars and proteins. As a member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and can form a tough, protective endospore, allowing it to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. B. subtilis has historically been classified as an obligate aerobe, though evidence exists that it is a facultative anaerobe. B. subtilis is considered the best studied Gram-positive bacterium and a model organism to study bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation. It is one of the bacterial champions in secreted enzyme production and used on an industrial scale by biotechnology companies.
Giuseppe Torelli
Giuseppe Torelli (22 April 1658 Verona – 8 February 1709) was an Italian violinist, teacher and composer of the middle Baroque era.

Brother of the painter Felice Torelli, he is most remembered for contributing to the development of the concerto, especially the solo concerto, and for his music for string instruments and trumpet.

Ottavio Dantone
Ottavio Dantone (born 9 October 1960) is an Italian conductor and keyboardist (primarily harpsichord and fortepiano) particularly noted for his performances of Baroque music. He has been the music director of the Accademia Bizantina in Ravenna since 1996.
Ford Discovery Centre
The Ford Discovery Centre was an interactive automobile museum located in Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

It was operated by Ford Heritage Ltd, a Not-for-Profit Trust set up to showcase and preserve the heritage of the Ford Motor Company in Australia.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Lionel Joyner
Lionel Berry Joyner (1932-2001) was a Canadian chess master. He won the 1961  Canadian Chess Championship and was a Canadian Open Chess Championship medalist (1964). He also represented Canada at the 1951 World Junior Chess Championship and at the 1958 Chess Olympiad.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Canto livre
Canto livre is a kind of protest music infused with traditional folk and Western music, predominantly supportive of ideas from left-wing political parties, especially the Communist Party, arising after the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Portugal. Notable artists and lyricists from the genre included José Barata-Moura, Manuel Alegre, Ary dos Santos, and Zeca Afonso.

Canto livre was originally nova canção, but after the collapse of the Portuguese dictatorship, artists such as Sérgio Godinho and Luís Cília had a need to explore democracy and its possibilities, and so it evolved into canto livre. Different artists drew upon various influences; Vitorino drew on surrealist ideas, while his brother Janita Salomé drew on Arabic influences, both known as solo artists and for their work with Zeca Afonso in Lua Extravagante.

José Afonso
José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos (2 August 1929 – 23 February 1987), known professionally as José Afonso and also popularly known as Zeca Afonso, was a Portuguese singer-songwriter. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of Portugal's folk and protest music scene. His music played a significant role in the resistance against the dictatorial Estado Novo regime, making him an icon in Portugal.

Afonso's song "Grândola, Vila Morena" was used as a radio-broadcast signal by the Armed Forces Movement during their military coup operation in the morning of 25 April 1974, which led to the Carnation Revolution and the transition to democracy in Portugal. Subsequently, Afonso's music, along with "Grândola, Vila Morena," became emblematic of the revolution, anti-fascism, the Portuguese labor movement, and the political left.
Mark Colyvan
Mark Colyvan is an Australian philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the  University of Sydney. He is a former president of the Australasian Association of Philosophy. Colyvan is known for his research on philosophy of mathematics.

Australasian Association of Philosophy
The Australasian Association of Philosophy (AAP) is the peak body for philosophy in Australasia. The chief purpose of the AAP is to promote philosophy in Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore. Among the means that it follows to achieve this end, the AAP runs an annual conference, publishes two journals, awards various prizes, sponsors postgraduate and undergraduate philosophical activities, maintains affiliations with numerous other organisations that aim to promote philosophy and philosophical activity, and promotes philosophy in schools, cafes, pubs, and everywhere else that philosophy may be found.
Cyclodestruction
Cyclodestruction or cycloablation is a surgical procedure done in management of glaucoma. Cyclodestruction reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye by decreasing production of aqueous humor by the destruction of ciliary body. Until the development of safer and less destructive techniques like micropulse diode cyclophotocoagulation and endocyclophotocoagulation, cyclodestructive surgeries were mainly done in refractory glaucoma, or advanced glaucomatous eyes with poor visual prognosis.

Intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Slušaj mater
Slušaj mater (English: "Listen to your mother") was Edo Maajka's debut album, released in 2002. It achieved significant popularity, especially in his native Bosnia, and was the first rap album to win the Davorin music award for best album of the year in that region.

Indexi (award)
Indexi is the Bosnian music award. It given by the Indexi Award Direction and Indexi Award Programme Committee.

The award was established in 2002 in Zenica by Josip Dujmović. The initial name of the award was Davorin, honouring one of the most famous Bosnian pop/rock singers Davorin Popović from Indexi. In 2008, the award was renamed Indexi, after Davorin's band.

In 2010, the Programme Committee consisted of several music critics, including Branimir Lokner and Zlatko Gall.

In 2011, there were 12 award categories:

Awarded by a jury:
Rock & all album of the year
Rap & hip hop album
Pop album
Thematic & compilation albums
Grand Prix

Awarded by the audience:
Rock & all album of the year
Rap & hip hop album
Pop album
Thematic & compilation albums
Grand Prix
Sesame Street Stays Up Late!
Sesame Street Stays Up Late! is a 1993 Sesame Street New Year's Eve musical television special with guest appearances of characters from the international versions of Sesame Street. The special was produced by the Children's Television Workshop in association with Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Israel Educational Television, NHK, Televisa S.A. de C.V., Norsk Rikskringkasting and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa, the respective broadcasters of the respective international co-productions featured in the special.

It aired on December 29, 1993 on PBS, and released on December 31, 1994 on VHS. It also marked Steve Whitmire's first official onscreen performance as Ernie.

Israeli Educational Television
Israeli Educational Television (IETV), informally known as Chinuchit, was a state-owned public terrestrial television network which used to concentrate on producing and broadcasting programs for school children.

The first Israeli children's show, featuring Kishkashta, aired on Channel 1 in the 1970s and 1980s. However, since the 1980s, IETV began to produce TV magazines and programs aimed at adults and senior citizens.
Jade Legacy
Jade Legacy is a 2021 fantasy novel by American Fonda Lee, published by Orbit on November 30, 2021. It is the third and final novel in The Green Bone Saga, which began with Jade City (2017), and follows the surviving players from the end of Jade War (2019) as they plot a path for peace between nations and within Janloon's competing tribes, The Mountain Clan and No Peak Clan, over jade distribution. Jade Legacy was well-received critically and won the 2022 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel and the 2022 Aurora Award for Best Novel.

Aurora Award for Best Novel
The Aurora Awards are granted annually by the Canadian SF and Fantasy Association and SFSF Boreal Inc. The Award for Best Novel was first awarded in 1982 as the Award for Best Outstanding Work, and there are two awards, one granted to an English-language work and one to a French-language work. No winner was awarded in 1983 and 1986, but shortlists were created. Until 1989, it was dedicated to any works, including non-novel-length works. It became a dedicated category in 1989 as the Award for Best Long Form (French: Meilleur Livre). It became the Award for Best Novel (French: Meilleur Roman) in 2011 when the Prix Aurora and Prix Boreal combined.

Robert J. Sawyer won the English-language award the most times (eight times), and Élisabeth Vonarburg has won the French-language award the most times (seven times).
At Stake
At Stake (Indonesian: Pertaruhan, lit. 'Betting') is a 2017 Indonesian action drama film directed by Krishto Damar Alam and written by Upi Avianto. The movie stars Adipati Dolken, Aliando Syarief, Tio Pakusadewo, Jefri Nichol, Giulio Parengkuan, Widika Sidmore, Tarzan, and Silvia Anggraini. At Stake was theatrically released in Indonesia on 9 February 2017.

Aliando Syarief
Muhammad Ali Syarief Afif Al Katiri (born 26 October 1996), also known as Aliando or Aliando Syarief, is an Indonesian actor, singer, model. He is an Arab descent from his father, Syarief Alkatiri, and his mother, Tengku Resi Refado (Resi Revando), and is from Minangkabau.
Daniel L. Feldman
Daniel Lee Feldman (born June 22, 1949) is an American lawyer, author, politician and professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1981 to 1998, representing the 45th Assembly District, which includes part of Manhattan Beach, Brighton Beach and Sheepshead Bay. In 2016, Feldman was elected as a fellow for the National Academy of Public Administration.

Brighton Beach
Brighton Beach is a neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, within the greater Coney Island area along the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Brighton Beach is bounded by Coney Island proper at Ocean Parkway to the west, Manhattan Beach at Corbin Place to the east, Sheepshead Bay at the Belt Parkway to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south along the beach and boardwalk.

It is known for its high population of Russian-speaking immigrants, and as a summer destination for New York City residents due to its beaches along the Atlantic Ocean and its proximity to the amusement parks in Coney Island.

Brighton Beach is part of Brooklyn Community District 13, and its primary ZIP Code is 11235. It is patrolled by the 60th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Brighton Beach is represented by the New York City Council's 48th District.
Seven Sealands
In Frisian historiography, the Seven Sealands (Old Frisian: Saun Selanden; West Frisian: Sân Seelannen) were jurisdictional regions in medieval Frisia. An outgrowth of the origin myths of the Frisians, these divisions were used ideologically to refer to all of Frisia as early as the 14th century and became extremely popular by the following century. The term was used in legal documents and was the basis for several legal rights, including defense pacts and the right to a speedy trial under particular circumstances. The Seven Sealands later helped to define a united Frisian identity as being free and chosen by God.

Speedy trial
In criminal law, the right to a speedy trial is a human right under which it is asserted that a government prosecutor may not delay the trial of a criminal suspect arbitrarily and indefinitely. Otherwise, the power to impose such delays would effectively allow prosecutors to send anyone to jail for an arbitrary length of time without trial, expressed as the maxim "Justice delayed is justice denied."

Although it is important for the protection of speedy trial rights for there to be a court in which a defendant may complain about the unreasonable delay of the trial, it is also important that nations implement structures that avoid the delay.

Jurimetrics allows to estimate the current judicial efficiency. Speedy justice tends to correlate with quality and fairness of justice.
Borucino, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Borucino [bɔruˈt͡ɕinɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
Mahesh Singh Yadav
Mahesh Singh Yadav is an Indian politician from Bihar. He is an MLA from Belaganj Assembly constituency as well as from Tikari Assembly constituency in Gaya district representing Rashtriya Janata Dal. He won the 2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.

Belaganj Assembly constituency
Belaganj is an assembly constituency for Bihar Legislative Assembly in Gaya district of Bihar, India. It comes under Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency). After 2009 delimitation, Belaganj Block and most parts of the Sadar Block come under Belaganj Constituency.
Goa Suraksha Manch
Goa Suraksha Manch is a political party in Goa, a political outfit of the Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch which was launched by Subhash Velingkar, a rebel Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh leader. The party was formed on 2 October 2016.

The main aim of the party is to promote Konkani and Marathi in schools and the withdrawal of grants to English medium schools. The party's symbol is a blackboard.

Its inaugural president is Anand Shirodkar. Swati Kerkar and Kiran Nayak were appointed vice-presidents of the party but Subhash Velingkar neither held any post nor will contest any elections. The party contested the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election.

Digambar Kamat
Digamber Kamat (born 8 March 1954) is an Indian politician who served as the ninth Chief Minister of Goa from 2007 to 2012. He won the seventh term as a MLA from Margao Assembly constituency in 2022. From 2006 to 2019, he was the president of Swimming Federation of India. Currently, he serves as an MLA from the Margao constituency.
Herman De Reuse
Herman De Reuse (born Liedekerke, 3 May 1944 – 30 May 2018) was a Belgian lawyer and politician for Vlaams Blok and later Vlaams Belang.

De Reuse was elected to the Flemish Parliament during the first ever direct elections to the Flemish Parliament in 1995. He represented Vlaams Blok and later Vlaams Belang. In 2018, De Reuse died unexpectedly while on holiday in France. His son Immanuel De Reuse was elected to the Flemish Parliament in 2019.

Liedekerke
Liedekerke (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlidəkɛrkə]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. On January 1, 2006, Liedekerke had a total population of 11,920. It is also situated in the Pajottenland.The total area is 10.08 km2 which results in a population density of 1,183 inhabitants per km2. Liedekerke means "church on the little hill."
Blue whistling thrush
The blue whistling thrush (Myophonus caeruleus) is a bird in the Old World flycatchers family Muscicapidae that is found in the mountains of Central Asia, South Asia, China and Southeast Asia. It is known for its loud human-like whistling song at dawn and dusk. The widely distributed populations show variations in size and plumage with several of them considered as subspecies. Like others in the genus, they feed on the ground, often along streams and in damp places foraging for snails, crabs, fruits and insects.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
Battle of Karbala (2003)
The Battle of Karbala took place during the 2003 invasion of Iraq as U.S. troops fought to take control of the city from Iraqi forces. The city had been bypassed during the advance on Baghdad, leaving American units to clear it in two days of street fighting against Iraqi Saddam Fedayeen Irregular forces.

Irregular military
Irregular military is any military component distinct from a country's regular armed forces, representing non-standard militant elements outside of conventional governmental backing. Irregular elements can consist of militias, private armies, mercenaries, or other non-state actors, though no single definition exists beyond exclusion from national service.  Without standard military unit organization, various more general names are often used; such organizations may be called a troop, group, unit, column, band, or force. Irregulars are soldiers or warriors that are members of these organizations, or are members of special military units that employ irregular military tactics.  This also applies to irregular infantry and irregular cavalry units.

Irregular warfare is warfare employing the tactics commonly used by irregular military organizations. This often overlaps with asymmetrical warfare, avoiding large-scale combat and focusing on small, stealthy, hit-and-run engagements.
Eppa
Eppa is a masculine given name which is borne by:

Eppa Hunton I (1789–1830), American planter, militia officer and politician

Eppa Hunton (1822–1908), American lawyer, politician and Confederate Civil War brigadier general, son of the above

Eppa Hunton Jr. (1855–1932), American lawyer, railroad executive and politician, son of the above

Eppa Hunton IV (1904–1976), American lawyer, son of the above

Eppa Rixey (1891–1963), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Eppa Hunton
Eppa Hunton II (September 24, 1822 – October 11, 1908) was a Virginia lawyer and soldier who rose to become a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he served as a Democrat in both the United States House of Representatives and then the United States Senate from Virginia.