hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Fatal Glass of Beer (1933 film)
The Fatal Glass of Beer is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy short film starring W. C. Fields, produced by Mack Sennett, and released theatrically by Paramount Pictures.  Written by Fields and directed by Clyde Bruckman, the film is a parody of rugged stage melodramas set in the Yukon.

Clive James
Clive James AO CBE FRSL (born Vivian Leopold James; 7 October 1939 – 24 November 2019) was an Australian critic, journalist, broadcaster, writer and lyricist who lived and worked in the United Kingdom from 1962 until his death in 2019. He began his career specialising in literary criticism before becoming television critic for The Observer in 1972, where he made his name for his wry, deadpan humour.

During this period, he earned an independent reputation as a poet and satirist. He achieved mainstream success in the UK first as a writer for television, and eventually as the lead in his own programmes, including ...on Television.
Daniel Joseph Jaffé
Daniel Joseph Jaffé (2 November 1876 – 11 June 1921) was a British civil engineer. He was the younger son of Martin Jaffé and nephew of Sir Otto Jaffé. Jaffe Road, a street in Wan Chai and Causeway Bay, Hong Kong was named after him.

City and Guilds Foundation
The City and Guilds Foundation is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has been operating under royal charter, granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first president of the institute.

It is also a registered charity and was the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering many accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework until October 2025 when City and Guilds Ltd was formed as a commercial organisation. The institute's president is the Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father the Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chair of Council is Dame Ann Limb, who took office in 2021.
Give Us Wings
Give Us Wings is a 1940 Universal comedic film starring the Dead End Kids and the Little Tough Guys. Several members of the casts of those series were also featured in "The East Side Kids" films.

In the years before World War II, the United States government encouraged Hollywood studios to produce films that would encourage youth to join the resurgent armed forces, especially the U.S. Army Air Corps. Give Us Wings joined 20,000 Men a Year (1939), I Wanted Wings (1941), Flying Cadets (1941) and others of that genre, as a patriotic "flag-waver".

Little Tough Guys
The Little Tough Guys (later billed as Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys) were a group of actors who made a series of films and serials released by Universal Studios from 1938 through 1943.  Many of them were originally part of The Dead End Kids, and several of them later became members of The East Side Kids and The Bowery Boys.
Intelligence and How to Get It
Intelligence and How to Get It: Why Schools and Cultures Count is a 2009 book about human intelligence by Richard Nisbett, a professor of social psychology at the University of Michigan. The book challenges the hereditarians' argument that IQ is entirely or almost entirely heritable, and argues that nonhereditary factors play a more significant role than hereditarians assert. It also recommends how to tutor children so as to maximize their intelligence. The book also argues that IQ scores are a valid, though imperfect, indicator of general intelligence, while criticizing some of the assertions made about such scores in the 1994 book The Bell Curve. The book's appendix argues that racial differences in IQ are entirely due to environmental factors.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Dar al-Muwaqqit
A Dar al-Muwaqqit (Arabic: دار المؤقت), or muvakkithane in Turkish, is a room or structure accompanying a mosque which was used by the muwaqqit or timekeeper, an officer charged with maintaining the correct times of prayer and communicating them to the muezzin (the person who issued the call to prayer). Dar al-Muwaqqit was the Arabic term given to such structures added to many mosques in Morocco from the Marinid period onward. In the Ottoman Empire the equivalent of such structures were known in Turkish as a muvakkithane ("lodge of the muwaqqit").

Wolfhart Heinrichs
Wolfhart P. Heinrichs (3 October 1941 – 23 January 2014) was a German scholar of Arabic. He was James Richard Jewett Professor of Arabic at Harvard University, and a co-editor of the second edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam. He taught Classical Arabic language and literature, particularly Arabic literary theory and criticism.
Trypethelium infraeluteriae
Trypethelium infraeluteriae is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This tropical lichen forms smooth, olive-greenish grey crusty patches on tree bark and is distinguished by its distinctive orange, net-like raised areas that contain clusters of small fruiting bodies. It is known only from southern Vietnam, where it grows in plantations and along roadsides. The species was described as new to science in 2016 by André Aptroot and Cécile Gueidan.

André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
Scouting and Guiding in Papua New Guinea
The Scout and Guide movement in Papua New Guinea is served by

Girl Guides Association of Papua New Guinea, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

The Scout Association of Papua New Guinea, is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. It was founded in 1975 by an act of the PNG Office of Legislative Counsel. Scouting in PNG had previously operated as an off-shoot of first the British Empire Scouts (1926-1958), and then the Australian Scouts (1958-1975).

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.
R. M. Williams (company)
R. M. Williams is an Australian footwear and clothing company. It is best known for producing chelsea boots for men and women. The company was founded by R. M. Williams. It is currently owned by Tattarang, an investment company owned by mining magnate Andrew Forrest.

R. M. Williams
Reginald Murray Williams AO CMG (24 May 1908 – 4 November 2003) was an Australian bushman and entrepreneur who rose from a swagman to a millionaire. He was born at Belalie North near Jamestown in the Mid North of South Australia, 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Adelaide CBD, into a pioneering settler family working and training horses. Williams had many adventures in Australia's rugged outback as a bushman, and became known for creating an Australian style of bushwear clothing and footwear recognised worldwide and the company that bore his name.
West Baden Springs Hotel
The West Baden Springs Hotel, formerly the West Baden Inn, is part of the French Lick Resort and is a national historic landmark hotel in West Baden Springs, Indiana. It has a 200-foot (61 m) dome over its atrium.
Prior to the completion of the Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1955, the dome was the largest free-spanning dome in the United States. From 1902 to 1913 it was the largest dome in the world. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, the hotel became a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark and one of the hotels in the National Trust for Historic Preservation's Historic Hotels of America program.

Bojangles Coliseum
Bojangles Coliseum, originally Charlotte Coliseum and formerly Independence Arena and Cricket Arena, is a 10,829-seat multi-purpose arena located in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is operated by the Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority, which also oversees nearby Ovens Auditorium and the uptown Charlotte Convention Center. The naming-rights sponsor is the Bojangles restaurant chain. The building's signature domed roof is made of tin, rather than steel or iron. The dome spans 332 feet in diameter and rises to 112 feet tall.
2012 Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal
The 2012 Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal was the third edition of the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal, a single-day professional bicycle road race. It was held on 9 September 2012, over a distance of 205.7 km (127.8 mi), starting and finishing in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. It was the 26th event of the 2012 UCI World Tour season. The race was one of the only two  events which are part of the World Tour calendar in North America, the other one being the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec contested two days prior.

The race was won by Norwegian Lars Petter Nordhaug (Team Sky), who broke away from the lead group and attacked twice inside the final 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). He out sprinted Moreno Moser (Liquigas–Cannondale) and Alexandr Kolobnev (Team Katusha). Simon Gerrans of Orica–GreenEDGE, who won the 2012 Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec, took the fourth place.

Katusha–Alpecin
Katusha–Alpecin (Russian: Катюша, UCI team code: TKA) was a Russian (later Swiss) road bicycle racing team which competed at the UCI WorldTeam level using Canyon bikes. The team was created in 2008 by Igor Makarov, an ex-professional cyclist and entrepreneur. In 2017 the team took a broader international direction, still supported by Igor Makarov's company ARETI International Group, Swiss clothing company Katusha Sports and German shampoo manufacturer Alpecin. The team competed as a UCI ProTeam/WorldTour team between 2009 and 2019. Joaquim Rodríguez, Alexander Kristoff, Daniel Moreno, Simon Špilak, Filippo Pozzato, Luca Paolini, Ilnur Zakarin and Tony Martin are some of the most successful riders who rode for Katusha.

In 2019, the team was taken over by Israel Cycling Academy, along with its UCI World Tour license.
Geometric quantization
In mathematical physics, geometric quantization is a mathematical approach to defining a quantum theory corresponding to a given classical theory. It attempts to carry out quantization, for which there is in general no exact recipe, in such a way that certain analogies between the classical theory and the quantum theory remain manifest. For example, the similarity between the Heisenberg equation in the Heisenberg picture of quantum mechanics and the Hamilton equation in classical physics should be built in.

Classical physics
Classical physics consists of scientific theories in the field of physics that are non-quantum or both non-quantum and non-relativistic, depending on the context. In historical discussions, classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. However, relativity is based on classical field theory rather than quantum field theory, and is often categorized as a part of "classical physics".
Lilaea (ancient city)
Lilaea or Lilaia (Ancient Greek: Λίλαια), also Lilaeum or Lilaion (Λίλαιον), was one of the most important ancient Phocian towns, and a polis (city-state), built on the north slopes of Mount Parnassus, and at the sources of the Cephissus.

Cephissus (Boeotia)
The Cephissus (Ancient Greek: Κήφισσος), called the Boeotian Cephissus to distinguish it from other rivers of the same name, or Kifisos (Greek: Βοιωτικός Κηφισός) is a river in central Greece. Its drainage basin is 1,958 km2 (756 sq mi).  The river rises at Lilaia in Phocis, on the northwestern slope of Mount Parnassus. It flows east through the Boeotian plain, passing the towns Amfikleia, Kato Tithorea and Orchomenos. It drained into Lake Copais, which was therefore also called the Cephisian Lake, until 1887, when the lake was eliminated in favor of agricultural land. An artificial outflow has been created to Lake Yliki (ancient Hylice), further east.
Jeremias IV of Constantinople
Jeremias IV of Constantinople (Greek: Ἰερεμίας; died 5 March 1824) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople during the period 1809–1813.

He came from Crete. He became protosyncellus of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and was later elected metropolitan bishop of Mytilene (1783–1809). In 1809, he was elected Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

Even though of average education, he is considered a successful Patriarch, as he was prudent with remarkable administrative skills. He was also characterised as a remarkably brave protector of the interests of the church. On 4 March 1813, he resigned for health reasons. He retired to Mytilene, where he died on 5 March 1824.

Protosyncellus
A protosyncellus, protosynkellos or protosyngel (Greek: πρωτοσύγκελλος) is the principal deputy of the bishop of an eparchy for the exercise of administrative authority in an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic church. The equivalent position in the Western Christian churches is vicar general.
Chinese destroyer Xi'an
A number of vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy have borne the name Xi'an, after the capital Xi'an.

Chinese destroyer Xi'an (106), a Type 051 destroyer, in service in 1972. Now preserved as a museum ship.

Chinese destroyer Xi'an (153), a Type 052C destroyer, in service since 2015.

Type 052C destroyer
The Type 052C destroyer (NATO/OSD Luyang II-class destroyer) is a class of guided-missile destroyers in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force (PLAN). The Type 052C introduced both fixed active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar and vertically launched surface-to-air missiles into PLAN service, making it the first Chinese warship with area air defence capability.
1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1874 South Carolina United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 3, 1874, to select five Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina.  Two incumbents were re-elected, two open seats were retained by the Republicans, and the open seat in the 2nd congressional district was picked up by the Independent Republicans.  The composition of the state delegation after the election was four Republicans and one Independent Republican.

South Carolina's 3rd congressional district
South Carolina's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in western South Carolina bordering both Georgia and North Carolina.  It includes all of Abbeville, Anderson, Edgefield, Greenwood, Laurens, McCormick, Oconee, Pickens, and Saluda counties and portions of Greenville and Newberry counties.  The district is mostly rural, but much of the economy revolves around the manufacturing centers of Anderson and Greenwood. Clemson University, the state's second largest by enrollment, is also in the district.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+21, it is the most Republican district in South Carolina.
Tom Elliott (cricketer, born 1991)
Tom Christopher Elliott (born 21 November 1991) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Elliott was born at Epsom in November 1991. He was educated at Tonbridge School, before going up to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he played first-class cricket for both Cambridge University and Cambridge MCCU from 2012 to 2014. He made five appearances for Cambridge MCCU and three appearances for Cambridge University in The University Match against Oxford. He scored 306 runs in his eight appearances at an average of 23.53. He made one century, making 101 against Oxford in the 2013 University Match, with his score the second highest in the match after Oxford's Sam Agarwal made 313. Elliott fared better against Oxford than the county opponents he faced playing for Cambridge MCCU. In addition to playing cricket for Cambridge, he was also the university rackets captain, for which he gained a blue.

Century (cricket)
In cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter. The term is also included in "century partnership" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batters and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in their career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking a five-wicket haul, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred to as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century.

Scoring a century at Lord's cricket ground in London earns the batter a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Thomas Wilson (dean of Worcester)
Christianity portal

Thomas Wilson (d 20 July 1586) was Dean of Worcester from 1559 until his death.

Wilson was born in Kendal, educated at St John's College, Cambridge and ordained.  He was appointed to a living as Vicar of Church of St Peter and St Paul, Blockley.  During his time as Dean of Worcester an inventory of plate and furniture was drawn up listing the cathedral's ornaments.
Wilson found favour with the Elizabethan court, when Sir William Cecil fell ill, and retreated to Burghley.  On 12 November 1571 Thomas Wilson attended Privy Council and was appointed principal Secretary alongside Sir Francis Walsingham.  In 1578 he was one of the deputies sent to the Diet of Schmalkalden.

In May 1581 he was replaced by secretary Walsingham as the Queen's principal secretary, combining the two posts.  He died in 1586.

Thomas Wilson married Dorothy Banister, and their only daughter, who survived him, died in 1641.

Schmalkalden
Schmalkalden (German pronunciation: [ʃmalˈkaldn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in the southwest of the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is on the southern slope of the Thuringian Forest at the Schmalkalde river, a tributary to the Werra. As of 31 December 2022, the town had a population of 20,065.
Shalin Bhanot
Shalin Bhanot (born 15 November 1983) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi television. He started his career as a contestant in Roadies 2 and has since acted in various serials and web shows. He participated in dance reality Nach Baliye 4 and emerged as the winner with his now ex-wife Dalljiet Kaur. He then participated in reality series Bigg Boss 16 where he finished as a finalist. In 2024, he participated in Khatron Ke Khiladi 14.

Khatron Ke Khiladi 14
Fear Factor:Darr Ki Nayi Kahaaniyaan In Romania is the fourteenth season of Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi, an Indian reality and stunt television series produced by Endemol Shine India. The show premiered from 27 July 2024 to 29 September 2024 on Colors TV and streams digitally on JioCinema. The series is filmed in Bucharest, Romania and is hosted by Rohit Shetty. Karan Veer Mehra emerged as the winner of the season, while Krishna Shroff became the 1st runner-up.

The series was announced in May 2024 with principal photography commencing the following month.
Anthony Mandrea
Anthony Louis Mandrea (Arabic: أنتوني لويس ماندريا; born 25 December 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for  Championnat National club Caen. Born in France, he represents Algeria at international level.

French Football Federation
The French Football Federation (abbr. FFF and 3F; or Triple F; French: Fédération Française de Football, pronounced [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz də futbol]) is the governing body of football in France. It was formed in 1919 and is based in the capital, Paris. The FFF is a founding member of FIFA and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in France, both professional and amateur. The French Football Federation is a founding member of UEFA and joined FIFA in 1907 after replacing the USFSA, who were founding members.
Juliet & Romeo
"Juliet & Romeo" is a song by French DJ Martin Solveig and Canadian singer-songwriter Roy Woods, released as a single on 6 December 2019 by Virgin EMI Records. The song was written by Martin Solveig, Peter Wade Keusch, Julien Jabre, Rune Reilly Kölsch and Amanda MNDR Warner.

Peter Wade Keusch
Peter Wade Keusch, more commonly known as Peter Wade, is a record producer, recording engineer, mixer, songwriter and A&R.  His artist development projects include MNDR, Party Nails and numerous songwriters and producers signed to his record label WonderSound and publishing company 120 Music.  Wade's production and writing credits include Kid Ink, Jennifer Lopez, Martin Solveig, Kylie Minogue, and Flume.

Wade has been a part of three Grammy winning albums with Marc Anthony (two Latin) and won a trophy for his participation on Valio La Pena. He has been a guest speaker at the ASCAP Paul Cunningham Songwriter Workshop and The Grammy Professional Development Series.  In 2008 he was published in Bruce Swedien's second book, In The Studio With Michael Jackson, and also contributed photography to Swedien's first book Make Mine Music.

Wade owns and operates a record label, WonderSound, and a music publishing company, 120 Music.
Siege of Ganja (1606)
The siege of Ganja (Persian: محاصره گنجه) took place in 1606 during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618. The Safavids had lost the city to the Ottomans by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1590. Three months after the victorious Battle of Sufiyan (1605), Safavid king (shah) Abbas I of Persia (r. 1588–1629) invested Ganja, and reconquered it after a six-month siege. After Ganja was recaptured, Abbas I and his men proceeded to Tiflis (Tbilisi), retaking control of the city in the same year.

Ottoman–Safavid war (1603–1612)
The Ottoman–Safavid war of 1603–1612 consisted of two wars between Safavid Iran under Shah Abbas I and the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed III and his son Ahmed I. The first war began in 1603 and ended with a Safavid victory in 1612, when they regained and reestablished their suzerainty over the Caucasus and Western Iran, which had been lost at the Treaty of Constantinople in 1590.