hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph E. Schwartzberg
Joseph E. Schwartzberg (February 5, 1928 – September 19, 2018) was an American writer, peace activist, and a world federalist, who was a tenured professor at the University of Minnesota. Author of numerous books, he was the editor and principal author of the Historical Atlas of South Asia, which in 1980 won the Watumull Prize of the American Historical Association. In 1984 the American Association of Geographers honored him with their annual award. His several substantial chapters in Book One of Volume Two of The History of Cartography were instrumental in that work receiving the R. R. Hawkins Award for Best Scholarly Book for 1992 from the Association of American Publishers. He served on the board of directors of the World Federalist Association, has chaired its Policy and Issues Commission, and is President of the Minnesota chapter of Citizens for Global Solutions.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
Park Plaza Mall
Park Plaza Mall is an enclosed shopping mall located in the Midtown neighborhood of Little Rock, Arkansas. Originally opened in 1960 as Park Plaza Shopping Center, an open-air shopping center, the mall is home to two Dillard's flagship stores and merchants including H&M, Talbots, and Eddie Bauer. The structure contains 545,800 square feet (50,710 m2) of retail space, although Dillard's owns 284,165 square feet (26,399.8 m2) of that area for its flagship stores.

Talbots
The Talbots, Inc., doing business as Talbots and stylized as TALBOTS, is an American specialty retailer and direct marketer of women's clothing, shoes and fashion accessories.

As of 2018, the company operated 495 Talbots stores in the United States: 425 core Talbots stores (412 U.S), 65 Talbots Factory Outlets (U.S.) and five Talbots Clearance stores (4 US).
Hay List
Hay List (24 August 2005 – 3 February 2015) was a thoroughbred racehorse trained and bred in Australia. He won Manikato Stakes and All Aged Stakes, two Group one races. He was known as one of the major rivals of undefeated mare Black Caviar. Hay List  won the 1 million-dollar Newmarket Handicap in a close finish on 10 March 2012. Hay List won the race carrying 58 and a half kilograms, a feat not accomplished for over 60 years.

Against all odds Hay List returned to racing after suffering from a fractured knee following a colic surgery in 2012. He was later retired in October 2013 due to long standing issues with his hind foot and the development of a respiratory noise while galloping.

In January 2014 Hay List again defied the medical text books by making a full recovery from a second colic surgery during which his entire caecum had to be removed.

Hay List was euthanised on 3 February 2015 after suffering from laminitis. He was 9 years old.

All Aged Stakes
The All Aged Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Thoroughbred Weight for Age horse race, run over a distance of 1,400 metres at Randwick Racecourse, Sydney, Australia in April or May during the ATC Autumn Carnival. Prize money is A$1,500,000.
Cetatea de Baltă gas field
The Cetatea de Baltă gas field is a natural gas field located in Cetatea de Baltă, Alba County, Romania. Discovered in 1900, it was developed by Romgaz, beginning production of natural gas and condensates in 1910. By 2010 the total proven reserves of the Cetatea de Baltă gas field were around 1.42 trillion ft3 (40 km3), with a production rate of around 35 million ft3/day (1×105 m3).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
The Moon (film)
The Moon (Korean: 더 문; RR: Deo mun) is a 2023 South Korean science fiction disaster film written, co-produced and directed by Kim Yong-hwa, starring Sul Kyung-gu, Doh Kyung-soo, and Kim Hee-ae. It follows the dramatic story of South Korea's first crewed lunar exploration mission and isolation in space. The film was released theatrically on August 2, 2023. It is also available for streaming on Viu in selected regions.

Naro Space Center
The Naro Space Center is a South Korean spaceport in South Jeolla's Goheung County, operated by the state-run Korea Aerospace Research Institute.

The spaceport is located about 485 km (300 mi) south of Seoul. It includes two launch pads, a control tower, rocket assembly and test facilities, facilities for satellite control testing and assembly, a media center, an electric power station, a space experience hall and a landing field. It has supported five launches including the KSLV-II launch in 2021, and will support SSLV launches in 2025.
Ficlatuzumab
Ficlatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancers.

It is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to hepatocyte growth factor, thus inhibiting the c-MET receptor signaling cascade.

Ficlatuzumab was developed by AVEO Pharmaceuticals.  In May 2012, AVEO released results of a Phase II clinical trial comparing gefitinib alone and in combination with ficlatuzamab in treatment-naive Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Gefitinib
Gefitinib, sold under the brand name Iressa, is a medication used for certain breast, lung and other cancers. Gefitinib is an EGFR inhibitor, like erlotinib, which interrupts signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in target cells. Therefore, it is only effective in cancers with mutated and overactive EGFR, but resistances to gefitinib can arise through other mutations. It is marketed by AstraZeneca and Teva.

Gefitinib is a therapeutic alternative on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.
Museum of Freemasonry
51°30′54″N 0°07′16″W﻿ / ﻿51.515054°N 0.121139°W﻿ / 51.515054; -0.121139

Museum of Freemasonry (previously known as the Library and Museum of Freemasonry), based at Freemasons’ Hall, London, is a fully accredited museum since 2009, with a designated outstanding collection of national importance since 2007 and registered charitable trust (Registered Charity number 1058497) since 1996. The facility encompasses a museum, library, and archive.

The collections are composed of masonic ceremonial objects, jewellery, regalia, ceramics, glassware, silverware, clocks, furniture, books, prints and manuscripts relating to English freemasonry and its interactions with overseas lodges and orders. It also retains artefacts relating to other associated fraternal orders and friendly societies such as the Oddfellows, Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Sons of the Phoenix and Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia.

The Museum is open to the public Monday to Saturday, 10am to 5pm. Admission is free.

Friendly society
A friendly society (sometimes called a benefit society, mutual aid society, benevolent society, fraternal organization or ROSCA) is a mutual association for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings or cooperative banking. It is a mutual organization or benefit society composed of a body of people who join together for a common financial or social purpose. Before modern insurance and the welfare state, friendly societies provided financial and social services to individuals, often according to their religious, political, or trade affiliations. These societies are still widespread in many parts of the developing world, where they are referred to as ROSCAs (rotating savings and credit associations), ASCAs (accumulating savings and credit associations), burial societies, chit funds, etc.
Crich-El-Oued
Crich El Oued, also known as Qarish el-Wadi, is a village in Tunisia, located between Bordj Toumi and Majaz al Bab (36° 41' 00" N  9° 40' 00" E) in Béja Governorate east of Tunis. The village is on the Medjerda river at the confluence with the Oued el-Ahmar and the town has a mosque

Bordj Toumi
Bordj Toumi or Borj Toumi is a town in Tunisia located at 36°45'33"N 9°43'3"E 
It is a railway town on the Medjerda river. The town is near Dor el Gabsi west of Tunis and at n elevation of 52 meters above sea level.
Quinault Cultural Center and Museum
The Quinault Cultural Center and Museum is a museum of culture in Taholah, Washington, owned and funded by the Quinault Indian Nation. It contains artifacts, arts, and crafts of the Quinault, housed in a converted retail building.: 735 : 54  Some of the art forms have been influenced by Polynesian cultural motifs, brought home by World War II veterans.

The museum received a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services in 2012 to conduct research, publish a guidebook, and create a mobile museum exhibit on the tribe's ethnobotanical heritage.

In 2013, the Cultural Center hosted workshops on paddle- and drum-making for thousands of visitors to the Tribal Canoe Journeys.

Culture of Polynesia
The culture of Polynesia involves the culture of the indigenous peoples of Polynesia who share common traits in language, customs and society. The development of Polynesian culture is typically divided into four different historical eras:

Exploration and settlement (c. 1800 BC – c. AD 700)

Development in isolation (c. 700–1595)

European encounter and colonization until World War II (1595–1946)

Post-World War II period
Parahaplogroup
A parahaplogroup is a term used in genetics to identify a paraphyletic haplogroup.

They are normally described with the name of their parent haplogroup plus an asterisk (for instance: F*, U2*), meaning that it includes all derivates from the parent haplogroup (F or U2 in the examples) except those mentioned elsewhere.

Sometimes it is specified which other subclades are excluded and then the parent name is followed by the sign "x" and the list of those excluded haplogroups, separated by commas. This is often stated between brackets. For example: NxR means all derivates from haplogroup N except haplogroup R, or K(xP,NO) means all derivates from haplogroup K except those belonging to P and NO.

Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup P also known as P-P295 or K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics, it forms a clade within Haplogroup K2b (K-P331). Its sister clade within K2b is K2b1 (haplogroup MS).

It was proposed to redefine the root of Haplogroup P through the novel Single-nucleotide polymorphism PF5850, yet this is so far not reflected in the International Society of Genetic Genealogy Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree nor in scientific publications.

Basal PF5850* is found in Southeast Asia. Basal P-P295* is found among South and Southeast Asians as well as Oceanians, P-FT292000 (P1b, formerly P3) with unknown distribution, and P-M45* (P1~*) commonly found among Siberians and Central Asians. P-M45 is the parent node of Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207).

The major subclades of Haplogroups P-M45, Q and R now include most males among Europeans, Native Americans, South Asians, North Africans, and Central Asians.
Paul Papalia
Paul Papalia CSC (born 12 July 1962) is an Australian politician. He has been a Labor Party member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly since February 2007. He is the current member for Secret Harbour. Papalia has previously been the member for Peel and Warnbro before their abolition as electorates. A decorated former navy diver who served two tours in Iraq, Papalia entered parliament after winning a by-election sparked by the resignation of scandal-tarred former minister Norm Marlborough.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Infinite-dimensional sphere
In algebraic topology, the infinite-dimensional sphere is the inductive limit of all spheres. Although no sphere is contractible, the infinite-dimensional sphere is contractible and hence appears as the total space of multiple universal principal bundles.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
1976 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
The 1976 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming was held on November 2, 1976, to elect the single Representative from Wyoming's at-large congressional district. Democratic incumbent Teno Roncalio won re-election, defeating Republican Larry Hart with 56.44% of the vote.

As of 2025 this is the last time a Democrat has won a House seat in Wyoming.

Wyoming's at-large congressional district
Wyoming's at-large congressional district is the sole congressional district for the US state of Wyoming. It is the third largest congressional district in the United States in terms of land size. The district is currently represented by Harriet Hageman.
2017 Seoul Open Challenger – Doubles
Matt Reid and John-Patrick Smith were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Hsieh Cheng-peng and Peng Hsien-yin won the title after Thomas Fabbiano and Dudi Sela retired trailing 1–5 in the first set.

Matt Reid (tennis)
Matt Reid (born 17 July 1990) is an inactive Australian professional tennis player. His highest ATP singles ranking is world No. 183, which he reached on 3 February 2014. His career high in doubles was at world No. 60 set on 11 September 2017.
Novichikha
Novichikha (Russian: Новичиха) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novichikhinsky District of Altai Krai, Russia. Population:  4,284 (2010 Census); 4,495 (2002 Census); 4,273 (1989 Soviet census).

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Andhari, Siddhicharan
Andhari अँधेरी is a market in Siddhicharan Municipality in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. This village center was merged to the Municipality in May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2536 living in 490 individual households.

Okhaldhunga District
Okhaldhunga District (Nepali: ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district, with the municipality of Okhaldhunga as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,074.5 km2 (414.9 sq mi) and had a population of 156,702 in 2001 and 147,984 in 2011.

Okhaldhunga is the birthplace of Siddhicharan Shrestha. Shrestha, known as the Yug Kawi of Nepal (poet of the era), is a famous Nepali poet and is primarily known for his poem and song Mero Pyāro Okhalḍhungā (My dear Okhaldhunga).
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (formerly Raven Press) covering research on forensic medicine and forensic pathology. The current editor-in-chief is D. Kimberley Molina.

Forensic medicine
Forensic medicine is a vague term used to describe a group of medical specialties which deal with the examination and diagnosis of individuals who have been injured by or who have died because of external or unnatural causes such as poisoning, assault, suicide and other forms of violence, and apply findings to law (i.e. court cases). Forensic medicine is a multi-disciplinary branch which includes the practice of forensic pathology, forensic psychiatry, forensic odontology, forensic radiology and forensic toxicology. There are two main categories of forensic medicine; Clinical forensic medicine; Pathological forensics medicine, with the differing factor being the condition of the patients. In clinical forensic medicine it is the investigation of trauma to living patients, whereas pathological forensic medicine involves the examination of traumas to the deceased to find the cause of death.
Jeff Dwyer
Jeffrey Thomas Paul Dwyer is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in the 2019 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Placentia West-Bellevue as a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador Progressive Conservative Party. Dwyer was re-elected in the 2021 provincial election.

Dwyer was re-elected in the 2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election.

Dwyer served as Bowater House president at Memorial University of Newfoundland in 2000.

2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election
The 2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election was held on October 14, 2025, to elect members to the 51st General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador.

In a major upset, Tony Wakeham led the Progressive Conservatives to a majority government for the first time since 2011. With a popular vote share of 44.4%, the PCs won the smallest winning vote share of any majority government in Newfoundland and Labrador's electoral history.
William Winstanley Hull
William Winstanley Hull (1794–1873) was an English barrister,: 41  writer, and hymnographer. Hull wrote in favour of ecclesiastical reforms to the Church of England, particularly its liturgy, in order to permit some Dissenters to reintegrate into the church. Alongside his vicar brother, William Winstanley Hull produced a petition on liturgical reform which was presented to the House of Lords. His effort to locate the original manuscript of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer is credited with leading to its discovery by Arthur Penrhyn Stanley. Hull's books of hymns, originally published anonymously, were later republished in his name during his lifetime.

Hymnwriter
A hymnwriter (or hymn writer, hymnist, hymnodist, hymnographer, etc.) is someone who writes the text, music, or both of hymns. The Christian tradition views the composition of hymns as dating back to before the time of David, who is traditionally believed to have composed many of the Psalms. The term hymnodist, in the United States more than in other regions, broadens the scope to include the study of hymns.
Fingesten
Fingesten is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Michel Fingesten (1884–1943), Czech-Austrian painter and graphic artist

Peter Fingesten (1916–1987), German-born American graphic artist, sculptor, and academic

Michel Fingesten
Michel Fingesten (né Michl Finkelstein; 18 April 1884 – 8 October 1943) was a Czech-Austrian painter and graphic artist of Jewish descent. He was one of the most original and prolific graphic artists and bookplates designers of the twentieth century. According to the Italian journalist and critic Giampiero Mughini, "Fingesten is to the history of the ex libris as Pablo Picasso is to that of painting".
Šebek
Šebek (feminine: Šebková) is a Czech and Slovak surname. It is derived from the given name Šebestián, which is a Czech and Slovak form of Sebastian. Notable people with the surname include:

Lukáš Šebek (born 1988) Slovak footballer

Nick Sebek (1927–2007) American football quarterback

Zdeněk Šebek (born 1959) Czech paralympic archer

Zdeněk Šebek
Zdeněk Šebek (born 14 November 1959) is a Czech Paralympic archer and former track and field athlete.

He competed at the 1992 and 1996 Summer Paralympics as a track and field athlete competing in the javelin throw, discus throw and shot put. He also competed in the wheelchair sprints at the 1992 Summer Paralympics where he did not advance into the finals.

For the 2000 Paralympics, he switched from track and field athletics to archery, and had a successful debut in this sport by winning the gold medal in the Men's Individual W1. He has also competed in archery at the 2004 and 2008 Paralympics. At the 2007 wheelchair World Archery Championships, Šebek won gold as part of the Czech Republic team. This was his fourth career gold medal at the World Championships.
R. K. Gordon
Robert Kay Gordon (1887–1973) was an English scholar of medieval and early modern English literature and administrator at the University of Alberta in Canada.

In 1913, having graduated from both, the University of Toronto and Oxford, Gordon became administrator at the University of Alberta. In 1936 he was appointed as head of the Department of English and became a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada the same year. Between 1943 and 1945, he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science. He retired from the university in 1950. His colleagues included F. M. Salter, E. Sonet and D. E. Cameron.

Gordon is quoted extensively in The Book of Imaginary Beings by Jorge Luis Borges. In the entry describing the Fastitocalon, Borges includes an extended quote from R.K. Gordon's Anglo Saxon Bestiary.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.