hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grga Novak
Grga Novak (2 April 1888 – 7 September 1978) was a distinguished Croatian historian, archaeologist and geographer, and President of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1958 to 1978. Born on the island of Hvar, he was Professor of Ancient History in the University of Zagreb,  where he was also Rector between 1946 and 1947. He is best known for pioneering archaeology in Croatia, and his publications on the history of Dalmatia, Split, Dubrovnik, Hvar and the Adriatic Islands.

Hvar
Hvar (pronounced [xvâːr]; Chakavian: Hvor or For; Greek: Φάρος, romanized: Pharos; Latin: Pharia; Italian: Lesina) is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, located off the Dalmatian coast, lying between the islands of Brač, Vis and Korčula. Approximately 68 kilometres (42.25 mi) long, with a high east–west ridge of Mesozoic limestone and dolomite, the island of Hvar is unusual in the area for having a large fertile coastal plain, and fresh water springs. Its hillsides are covered in pine forests, with vineyards, olive groves, fruit orchards and lavender fields in the agricultural areas. The climate is characterized by mild winters, and warm summers with many hours of sunshine. The island has 10,678 residents according to the 2021 census, making it the fourth most populated of the Croatian islands.
Giebisch
Giebisch is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerhard Giebisch (1927–2020), American physiologist

Leopold Giebisch (1901–1945), Austrian footballer

Susi Giebisch (born 1930), Austrian pair skater

Gerhard Giebisch
Gerhard Giebisch (1927 – April 6, 2020) was a cellular and molecular physiologist and a Sterling Professor emeritus at Yale School of Medicine. He held an M.D. degree from the University of Vienna which he got in 1951. He died on April 6, 2020, aged 93.
Organic food culture
Organic food culture refers to a recent social and cultural trend in which there has been an increased interest in organic food due to the rise of media coverage on health, food safety, and environmental dangers of pesticides. This attitude considers food a central requirement for health, but it does not neglect the aesthetic (concern with beauty) or hedonistic (pleasurable) aspects of food consumption.

This trend in the way people are eating crosses many aspects of the social and cultural realm, such as market practices and media content when it comes to food, which has led to some novelties and changes in these fields. Attitudes concerning the consumption and consideration of organic food have shifted globally, which seems to affect local food cultures and traditional gastronomies, while also incorporating them.

Novelty item
A novelty item is an object which is specifically designed to serve no practical purpose, and is sold for its uniqueness, humor, or simply as something new (hence "novelty", or newness). The term also applies to practical items with fanciful or nonfunctional additions, such as novelty aprons, slippers, or toilet paper. The term is normally applied to small objects, and is generally not used to describe larger items such as roadside attractions. Items may have an advertising or promotional purpose, or be a souvenir.
2019 Women's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup
The 2019 Women's Indoor Asia Cup was the seventh edition of the Women's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup, the biennial international women's indoor hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the men's tournament in Chonburi, Thailand from 15 to 21 July 2019.

Kazakhstan were the defending champions having won the 2017 edition. They defended their title by defeating the hosts Thailand 3–1 in the final. Uzbekistan won the bronze medal by defeating Malaysia 1–0 in a shoot-out.

Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)
In field hockey, a penalty shootout is a method used to decide which team progresses to the next stage of a tournament (or wins the tournament) following a tied game. Two methods have been used: the original penalty stroke competition is a best-of-five penalty strokes with sudden death if scores were level after five strokes. An alternate penalty shoot-out competition was introduced at major tournaments in 2011. Sometimes known as a penalty shuffle, the method is similar to penalty shots in ice hockey and consists of one-on-ones between an attacking player and a goalkeeper. Up to 2013, up to two 7.5-minute golden goal periods were played first; that method ceased after.
Lick Observatory
The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of California. It is on the summit of Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, United States. The observatory is managed by the University of California Observatories, with headquarters on the University of California, Santa Cruz campus, where its scientific staff moved in the mid-1960s. It is named after James Lick, who donated the funds for its construction.

The first new moon of Jupiter to be identified since the time of Galileo, Amalthea, the planet's fifth moon, was discovered at this observatory in 1892.

Adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, in microscopy, optical fabrication and in retinal imaging systems (ophthalmoscopy) to reduce optical aberrations. Adaptive optics works by measuring the distortions in a wavefront and compensating for them with a device that corrects those errors such as a deformable mirror or a liquid crystal array.

Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics, which work on a longer timescale to correct the primary mirror geometry.

Other methods can achieve resolving power exceeding the limit imposed by atmospheric distortion, such as speckle imaging, aperture synthesis, and lucky imaging, or by moving outside the atmosphere with space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Bonnington, Edinburgh
Bonnington is a district of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. The area centres upon an original village which grew up around a ford on the Water of Leith, on the old boundary between Edinburgh and the port of Leith. Before the creation of Leith Walk, the road via the villages of Broughton and Bonnington, or Wester Road as it appears on some old maps, was one of two roads formerly connecting Edinburgh to Leith; the other being Easter Road. The district lies between the districts of Pilrig and  Newhaven.

Leith Walk
Leith Walk is one of the longest streets in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is the main road connecting the east end of the city centre to Leith.

Forming most of the A900 road, it slopes downwards from Union Place at the south-western end of the street to the 'Foot of the Walk' at the north-eastern end, where Great Junction Street, Duke Street, Constitution Street and the Kirkgate meet.

For historical reasons the carriageway is known as Leith Walk but the upper half has several stretches with side names including some parts having different names on opposite sides of the street. Running from its upper (south west) end, on the west side of the street the sections are Union Place, Antigua Street, Gayfield Place and Haddington Place; on the east side, sections are titled Greenside Place, Baxter's Place, Elm Row and Brunswick Place.

It continues (on both sides) as Croall Place, Albert Place, Crighton Place and, after the junction with Pilrig Street, as Leith Walk.
Operation Atlantic Resolve
Operation Atlantic Resolve refers to military activities in response to Russian operations in Ukraine, mainly the War in Donbas. It was funded under the European Deterrence Initiative until 2022, and partly by USAI since. In the wake of Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine, the US and the UK took several immediate steps to enhance the deterrence posture along the eastern flank of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), including augmenting the air, ground and naval presence in the region, and enhancing previously scheduled exercises.

The US described the activities as taking measures to enhance NATO military plans and defense capabilities and maintaining a persistent presence in Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Atlantic Resolve rotations are overseen by a regionally aligned headquarters there.
As reported by USEUCOM in the first quarter of 2025, there were no mission objectives and endstate alterations to the Operation after U.S. administration change.: 5 Infobox

194th Fighter Squadron
The 194th Fighter Squadron (194 FS), nicknamed the Griffins, is a unit of the California Air National Guard's 144th Fighter Wing (144 FW) at Fresno Air National Guard Base, California. The 194th is equipped with the McDonnell Douglas F-15C/D Eagle and like its parent wing, the 144th, is operationally-gained within the active U.S. Air Force by the Air Combat Command (ACC). It is scheduled to convert to the Boeing F-15EX Eagle II in the future.
Joel Ivany
Joel Ivany is a Canadian stage director and the founder and first artistic director of Against the Grain Theatre in Toronto, Ontario.  In November 2021, he was named artistic director of Edmonton Opera.

He is known for directing adaptations of the Messiah, Don Giovanni, and Così fan tutte. Ivany is currently the program director for opera at the Banff Centre.

Artistic director
An artistic director is the executive of an arts organization, particularly in a theatre company or dance company, who handles the organization's artistic direction. They are generally a producer and director, but not in the sense of a mogul, since the organization is generally a non-profit organization. The artistic director of a theatre company is the individual with the overarching artistic control of the theatre's production choices, directorial choices, and overall artistic vision.  In smaller theatres, the artistic director may be the founder of the theatre and the primary director of its plays.  In larger non-profit theatres (often known in Canada and the United States as regional theatres), the artistic director may be appointed by the board of directors.
SBB (band)
SBB (first known as Silesian Blues Band, later as Szukaj, Burz, Buduj – Polish for "Search, Destroy, Build") is a Polish progressive rock band formed in 1971 in Siemianowice, Upper Silesia. It was made up of multi-instrumentalist and vocalist Józef Skrzek, guitarist Apostolis Anthimos, drummer Jerzy Piotrowski, and sound engineer Grzegorz Maniecki. SBB was one of the most popular super-groups in Poland and Europe in the 1970s.

The band was one of the forerunners of progressive rock and jazz-rock and attracted many influential jazz musicians, who often performed with the band. The trumpeter Andrzej Przybielski and the saxophonist & bass clarinetist Tomasz Szukalski developed a long lasting association with SBB.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Pastorano
Pastorano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Caserta.  Pastorano borders the following municipalities: Camigliano, Giano Vetusto, Pignataro Maggiore, Vitulazio.

The Treaty of Casalanza was signed here in 1815 between the Austrian and Neapolitan armies, after the latter's king, Joachim Murat, had been defeated in the Battle of Tolentino.

Caserta
Caserta (Italian: [kaˈzɛrta] ⓘ or [kaˈsɛrta]; Neapolitan: [kaˈsertə]) is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. An important agricultural, commercial, and industrial comune and city, Caserta is located 36 kilometres north of Naples on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Campanian Subapennine mountain range. The city is best known for the 18th-century Bourbon Royal Palace of Caserta.
Nicolas Dezède
Nicolas-Alexandre Dezède (c.1740 in Lyon – 11 September 1798, in Paris) was an 18th-century French composer born from unknown parents.

Dezède presented a great many opéras comiques, of which several were popular, at the Théâtre italien de Paris. He served the Duke des Deux-Ponts from 1749 to 1790. A freemason, he was initiated at the lodge Les Neuf Sœurs in Paris. Mozart  and Beethoven both wrote variations on  themes by Dezède.

His daughter Florine Dezède composed the opera Lucette et Lucas.

Opéra comique
Opéra comique (French: [ɔpeʁa kɔmik]; plural: opéras comiques) is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular opéras comiques en vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a lesser extent the Comédie-Italienne), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the same name, opéra comique is not necessarily comical or shallow; Carmen, perhaps the most famous opéra comique, is a tragedy.
Christopher Fish
Christopher Fish (born March 25, 1993) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who currently plays for VIK Västerås HK in the HockeyAllsvenskan. He has previously played for Linköpings HC in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
Kamakhyaguri railway station
Kamakhyaguri Railway Station serves the town of Uttar Kamakhyaguri, Alipurduar district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Part of the Alipurduar railway division, the station lies on the New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section of Barauni–Guwahati line of Northeast Frontier Railway.

Barauni–Guwahati line
The Barauni–Guwahati railway line connects Barauni, Saharsa, Purnia and Katihar in the Indian state of Bihar and Bongaigaon, Kamakhya and Guwahati in Assam via Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar and Alipurduar in West Bengal. It is a linkage of prime importance for Northeastern India with Capital of india.
Mondo Decay
Mondo Decay is the debut release from Nun Gun, the multimedia collaboration between visual artist Brad Feuerhelm, and musicians Lee Tesche and Ryan Mahan of the band Algiers. After winning the 2021 Ear/Eye Award, Mondo Decay was released as a 144-page photo book of Feuerhelm's photography with an accompanying soundtrack cassette produced by Tesche and Mahan on February 19, 2021, by Witty Kiwi. Mondo Decay "turns the tourist gaze of mid-century Italian exploitation films onto post-industrial America, while scavenging the pulpiest bits of their soundtracks, giving them the chopped and screwed treatment, and festooning them with Tesche's brash sax flourishes." The album features guest contributions from Mark Stewart of The Pop Group, ONO, Mourning [A] BLKstar, artists Luiza Prado and Farbod Kokabi, as well as authors Blake Butler, Michael Salu, and Sohail Daulatzai.

The Pop Group
The Pop Group were an English rock band formed in Bristol in 1977 by vocalist Mark Stewart, guitarist John Waddington, bassist Simon Underwood, guitarist/saxophonist Gareth Sager, and drummer Bruce Smith. Their work in the late 1970s crossed diverse musical influences including punk, dub, funk, and free jazz with radical politics, helping to pioneer post-punk music.

The group released two albums, Y (1979) and For How Much Longer Do We Tolerate Mass Murder? (1980), and singles such as "She Is Beyond Good and Evil" and "We Are All Prostitutes" (both 1979), then split in 1981. Its members worked on a variety of subsequent projects, including New Age Steppers and Rip Rig + Panic. In 2010, the band reunited, touring and releasing new material as well as reissuing their back catalogue on Freaks R Us. Stewart and Waddington both died in 2023.
Public art in Barcelona
Public art in Barcelona is a designated group of monuments and outdoor sculptures in the city. The artworks in city's architecture and network of museums, parks, and gardens, put an artistic stamp on the Catalan capital. Public art in the city developed in the 19th century, although the first municipal commission was the 1673 monument to Saint Eulalia in Pedró Square.

Artworks are typically located in niches and on the façades of public buildings. They are concentrated because of the city's enclosure by medieval defensive walls. The walls were demolished in the 19th century, sparking a boom in public works such as Ildefons Cerdà's Eixample project.

The city annexed several municipalities in the early 20th century, increasing the space available for public art. Some were commissioned for particular events such as the 1888 and 1929 Expositions, the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures.

Niche (architecture)
In architecture, a niche (CanE, UK: /ˈniːʃ/ or US: /ˈnɪtʃ/) is a recess or cavity constructed in the thickness of a wall for the reception of decorative objects such as statues, busts, urns, and vases. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. In the first century B.C, there was no exact mention of niches, but rather a zotheca or small room. These rooms closely resemble alcoves similar to a niche but slightly larger. Different sizes and sculpture methods suggest the term niche was understood. Greeks and Romans especially, used niches for important family tombs.
Trendy Man
Trendy Man (Chinese: 潮男正傳; pinyin: Cháo nán zhèng zhuàn) is the sixth Mandarin studio album by Taiwanese recording artist Show Lo. It was released on December 26, 2008, by Gold Typhoon (Taiwan). It is the first release after Show's continuation of contract with them, formerly EMI Music Taiwan.

Gold Typhoon
Gold Typhoon Group is a Chinese entertainment company founded in Hong Kong as Gold Label in 2004 with the support of EMI. It acquired EMI Music Taiwan / EMI Music China (Typhoon Records) in 2008 to adopt its current name. On 1 January 2011, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Pacific Global Management Asia (PGMA) under the leadership of Chairman Louis Pong. The company was acquired by Warner Music Group in April 2014.

Gold Typhoon represents many Chinese and international artists, and has offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Taipei and Hong Kong. In 2004, former Go East Entertainment CEO Paco Wong decided to not work with the parent company of Go East, Universal Group Hong Kong, but to instead work for EMI Hong Kong as they promised to launch a new label. Paco Wong was to have total control of the new label which became Gold Label Entertainment.
Women's suffrage in South Dakota
Women's suffrage started in South Dakota when it was part of Dakota Territory. Prior to  1889, it had a shared history of women's suffrage with North Dakota. While South Dakota was part of the territory, women earned the right to vote on school related issues. They retained this right after it became a separate state. The state constitution specified that there would be a women's suffrage amendment referendum in 1890. Despite a large campaign that included Susan B. Anthony and a state suffrage group, the South Dakota Equal Suffrage Association (SDESA), the referendum failed. The state legislature passed additional suffrage referendums over the years, but each was voted down until 1918. South Dakota was an early ratifier of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was approved during a special midnight legislative session on December 4, 1919.

Anna Howard Shaw
Anna Howard Shaw (February 14, 1847 – July 2, 1919) was a leader of the women's suffrage movement in the United States. She was also a physician and one of the first women to be ordained as a Methodist minister in the United States.
Chomętowo, Choszczno County
Chomętowo [xɔmɛnˈtɔvɔ] (formerly German: Großgut) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drawno, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Drawno, 28 km (17 mi) east of Choszczno, and 85 km (53 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Drawno
Drawno [ˈdravnɔ] (German: Neuwedell) is a town in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, with 2,219 inhabitants as of December 2021. The headquarters of the Drawa National Park (Drawieński Park Narodowy) are located here.
Publius Rutilius Lupus (rhetorician)
Publius Rutilius Lupus (fl. c. 25 AD) was a Roman rhetorician who flourished during the reign of Tiberius. He was the author of a treatise on the figures of speech (de Figuris sententiarum et elocutionis), abridged from a similar work by the rhetorician Gorgias of Athens, who was the tutor of Cicero the Younger. In its present form the treatise is incomplete, as is clearly shown by the express testimony of Quintilian (Inst. ix.2.101–105 passim). Lupus also dealt with figures of sense and other rhetorical figures. The work is valuable chiefly as containing a number of examples, well translated into Latin, from the lost works of Greek rhetoricians. The author has been identified with the Lupus mentioned in the Ovidian catalogue of poets (Ex Ponto, iv.16), and was perhaps the son of the Publius Rutilius Lupus, who was a strong supporter of Pompey.

Figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a category of literary or linguistic terms, with two related meanings. The first meaning is the broader and more technical one: a synonym for literary device, particularly when divided into two sub-types: schemes, variations deviating from the usual sequence of words, and tropes or figures, deviations of the words themselves from ordinary usage. This meaning dates back to the Renaissance humanists, themselves inspired by the classical rhetoricians.

The second meaning of figure of speech is narrower and its most common one colloquially—essentially, a synonym for trope as defined above: any word or phrase that deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a persuasive or other intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.

This article focuses on the first, broader meaning.
Death Before Dishonor XVII
Death Before Dishonor XVII was a two-night professional wrestling event produced by American promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), which took place Friday, September 27 and Saturday September 28, 2019, at the Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall in the Las Vegas suburb of Sunrise Manor, Nevada. Friday's show was a pay-per-view broadcast, while Saturday's was a set of tapings for ROH's flagship program Ring of Honor Wrestling.

Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall, Las Vegas
Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall, Las Vegas, also known as Sam's Town Las Vegas, is a hotel and locals casino in Sunrise Manor, Nevada, located east of Las Vegas. It is named after Sam Boyd, and is owned and operated by Boyd Gaming. It includes a 120,681 sq ft (11,211.6 m2) casino, a nine-story hotel with 646 rooms, and an RV park.

Sam's Town opened in March 1979, with 204 rooms. The property would expand multiple times to add new features, including a 56-lane bowling alley in 1981. The original hotel rooms were later demolished to make way for the nine-story tower, which opened in 1994. The tower's atrium includes an indoor park, which serves as the venue for a nightly laser and water show. Another expansion, completed in 2000, included the addition of a movie theater.

From 1998 to 2014, the property sponsored the Sam's Town 300, an annual NASCAR Xfinity Series race held at nearby Las Vegas Motor Speedway