hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tionondogen
Tionondogen (also known as Tionondogue or Tionontoguen) was the westernmost and most important of the three large palisaded towns of the Mohawk Nation of Iroquois.  These towns were termed "castles" by the Europeans. Because of its position as the farthest upstream on the Mohawk River Tionondogen is often referred to as the "Upper Castle".

The town was located at what is known as the "White Orchard" archaeological site in the town of Palatine, New York on the north bank of the Mohawk.  A previous identification of the town with the "Wagner's Hollow" site, on Caroga Creek, also in the Town of Palatine, is discredited today. The site occupies 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres). Population has been estimated at between 700 and 900 people.

Mohawk River
The Mohawk River is a 149-mile-long (240 km) river in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River, flowing into it in Cohoes, a few miles north of the state capital of Albany. The river is named for the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. A significant portion of the river's valley served as the path of the Erie Canal, key to developing both New York state and the Great Lakes area.  The Mohawk's largest tributary, the Schoharie Creek, accounts for over one quarter (26.83%) of the river's watershed, with West Canada Creek contributing another 16.33% of total.
Bachhanpurwa
Bachhanpurwa is a town and Village Development Committee  in Bara District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,860 people living in 907 individual households. There were 2,284 males and 2,576 females at the time of census.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Manuel Vizcarra
Manuel Vizcarra was a Mexican judge and founder of the city of Mexicali now the state capital of the state of Baja California (Mexico).

In 1901, Manuel Vizcarra was named Justice of the Peace for the town that would become Mexicali. The group of homes was part of the town of Los Algodones. In 1902, he was designated sub tax-collector for Ensenada and assistant judge of Mexicali sub-ordinate to the Justice of the Peace of Los Algodones. He did not accept the offer of assistant judge and on September 5, 1903 Benigno González took the position. However, March 14, 1903, the date Vizcarra was offered the position, is considered (since 1968) as the date Mexicali was founded.

In 1902, formed part of the commission organized to select names for Mexicali and the town across the border, Calexico, California as sheriff of Los Algodones. Vizcarra supported the proposal that the name had to be Mexicali in response to journalist Leroy Holt's proposal for Calexico for the neighboring town.

Leroy Holt
Leroy Holt (born March 16, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans and was selected by the Dolphins in the fifth round of the 1990 NFL draft.
Crookwell Gazette
The Crookwell Gazette is an English language newspaper published in Crookwell, New South Wales, Australia.  It was first published in 1885 and was also known as "The Crookwell Gazette and Binda, Golspie, Cullen, Laggan, Peelwool, Taralga, Tuena and Wheeo Advertiser", and as "The Crookwell Gazette and Settlers' Advocate". Some issues of the paper have been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program of the National Library of Australia.

National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia (NLA), formerly the Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, is the largest reference library in Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act 1960 for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian people", thus functioning as a national library. It is located in Parkes, Canberra, ACT.

Created in 1960 by the National Library Act, by the end of June 2019 its collection contained 7,717,579 items, with its manuscript material occupying 17,950 metres (58,890 ft) of shelf space. The NLA also hosts and manages the Trove cultural heritage discovery service, which includes access to the Australian Web Archive and National edeposit (NED), a large collection of digitised newspapers, official documents, manuscripts and images, as well as born-digital material.
Wismar affair
The Wismar affair refers to the political discussions over the status of the town of Wismar between 1796 and 1903. Wismar was leased to Mecklenburg-Schwerin from Sweden for a sum of 1,250 000 riksdalers. The lease was supposed to last every 100 years, whereafter Sweden (later the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway) would possess the right to redeem the city. However, as the German Empire rose throughout the 19th century, the possibility of Sweden demanding the return of the territory seemed more and more unlikely as King Oscar II would not like to challenge a great power. Furthermore, the rent of the loan had grown to 96 million kronor, an amount that Stockholm was not too enthusiastic to pay. As 1903 came, the German and Swedish diplomats met in Stockholm to discuss the future of the town. Oscar II would agree to sign the treaty of Stockholm which stipulated the waving of all Swedish claims on the city.

Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Herzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1701, when Frederick William and Adolphus Frederick II divided the Duchy of Mecklenburg between Schwerin and Strelitz. Ruled by the successors of the Nikloting House of Mecklenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin remained a state of the Holy Roman Empire along the Baltic Sea littoral between Holstein-Glückstadt and the Duchy of Pomerania.
Government of Hossein Ala' (1951)
The cabinet led by Hossein Ala' was formed on 20 March 1951 two weeks after the assassination of Prime Minister Haj Ali Razmara. The cabinet was given vote of confidence at the Majlis on 17 April 1951. However, the tenure of the cabinet was very short and lasted only until 27 April when Hossein Ala' resigned from office due to threats of the Fada'iyan-e Islam members who had murdered Haj Ali Razmara. Another reason for the resignation of the cabinet was the ratification of the oil nationalization bill. It was succeeded by the cabinet formed by Mohammad Mosaddegh in late April.

Haj Ali Razmara
Ali Razmara, also known as Haj Ali Razmara (Persian: حاجعلی رزم‌آرا, romanized: Hāj'ali Razm-ārā; 30 March 1901 – 7 March 1951), was an Iranian military officer and politician who served as the prime minister of Iran from 1950 to 1951.

He was assassinated by 26-year-old Khalil Tahmassebi of the Fadayan-e Islam organization outside the Shah Mosque in Tehran at the age of 49. Razmara was the third Iranian prime minister to be assassinated. In January 1965, Hasan Ali Mansur became the fourth Iranian Prime Minister to be assassinated, also by a Fada'iyan-e Islam member.
2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 10,000 metres
The women's 10,000 metres at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Luzhniki Stadium on 11 August.

At the beginning it was Shalane Flanagan who took out the pace, with the African contenders content to let her.  Following was Hitomi Niiya, who after a brief rainshower took over the lead as Flanagan faded after the first 8 laps.  Niiya held the lead until the final 600 meters as the pack dwindled.  That was when Tirunesh Dibaba began to race seriously.  Followed by her teammate, Belaynesh Oljira, the two Ethiopians picked up the pace with Kenyans Gladys Cherono and Emily Chebet giving chase, Niiya couldn't handle the acceleration and disappeared from contention.  Even Oljira couldn't keep up with Dibaba's smooth pace to gold, she was passed by Cherono who gave a game effort and picked up the silver.

Shalane Flanagan
Shalane Grace Flanagan (born July 8, 1981) is an American long-distance runner, coach, Olympic medalist and New York City Marathon champion. She was the first American woman to win the New York City Marathon since 1977. She holds the NACAC area records in both the 10k and 15k road races.

She won the silver medal at the 2008 Olympics in the 10,000 m (upgraded from bronze following original silver medalist's disqualification for doping) and the bronze medal at the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She won the Women's 2017 New York City Marathon, the first American woman to do so since Miki Gorman in 1977.
Agpaitic rock
An agpaitic rock is a peralkaline igneous rock, typically nepheline syenite or phonolite. Characteristic minerals in these rocks include complex silicates containing zirconium, titanium, sodium, calcium, the rare-earth elements, and fluorine. Agpaites are unusually rich in rare and obscure minerals such as eudialyte, wöhlerite, loparite, astrophyllite, lorenzenite, catapleiite, lamprophyllite, and villiaumite (NaF). Sodalite is typically present, but not diagnostic.
Less alkaline igneous rocks in which zircon, titanite, and ilmenite are characteristic are called miaskitic.

Agpaitic rocks were first described for an occurrence in the Ilimaussaq complex of southwest Greenland in 1911. Agpaitic rocks are present in the Lovozero and Khibiny Massif complexes of the Kola Peninsula, in Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada, in addition to the type locality of Ilimaussaq.

Loparite-(Ce)
Loparite-(Ce) is a granular, brittle oxide mineral of the perovskite class. It is black to dark grey and may appear grey to white in reflected light on polished thin section with reddish brown internal reflections. It has the chemical formula of (Ce,Na,Ca)(Ti,Nb)O3. Nioboloparite is a variation of loparite-(Ce) containing niobium.

Loparite occurs as a primary phase in nepheline syenite intrusions and pegmatites. It is also found replacing perovskite in carbonatites.

Loparite was first described for an occurrence in the Khibiny and Lovozero massifs, Kola peninsula in northern Russia.

Crystal structures of loparite
G7 Method
The G7 Method is a print calibration procedure used for visually accurate color reproduction by putting emphasis on matching grayscale colorimetric measurements between processes. By emphasizing the calibration of neutral grays similar to the sensitivities of the human visual system, the G7 Method creates a perceptual foundation that allows color consistency to emerge naturally across diverse print processes and materials. The method is used in many applications of printing such as offset lithography, flexography, and gravure since it uses a one-dimensional neutral print density curve (NPDC) to match neutral tonality between two G7 calibrated printing systems. The G7 method is not a completely accurate color management system nor is it officially standardized by the International Color Consortium (ICC).

Computer to plate
Computer-to-plate (CTP) is an imaging technology used in modern printing processes. In this technology, an image created in a desktop publishing (DTP) application is output directly to a printing plate.

This compares with the older technology, computer-to-film (CTF), where the computer file is output onto a photographic film. This film is then used to make a printing plate, in a similar manner to a contact proof in darkroom photography.
Forced induction in motorcycles
Forced induction in motorcycles is the application of forced induction (turbochargers or superchargers) to a motorcycle engine. Special automotive engineering and human factor considerations exist for the application of forced induction with motorcycles compared to other forms of motorized transportation.

Forced induction
In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated.
1986 Lagan Valley by-election
The 1986 Lagan Valley by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.

Ulster Popular Unionist Party
The Ulster Popular Unionist Party (UPUP) was a unionist political party in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1980 by James Kilfedder, independent Unionist Member of Parliament for North Down, who led the party until his death in 1995. For a brief period in 1980, it was known as the Ulster Progressive Unionist Party before it adopted the "Popular" name.
NJ Transit bus fleet
As of 2025, the active fleet of NJ Transit Bus Operations consisted of approximately 2800 buses which it housed and maintained at eighteen NJ Transit bus garages. NJ Transit and companies leasing buses from the state agency use various models of buses between 25 feet (7.6 m) (minibuses) and 60 feet (18 m) in length (some of which are articulated) to provide local and commuter service within the state of New Jersey and adjacent parts of New York and Pennsylvania. NJ Transit introduced compressed natural gas (CNG) buses in 1999 (147 as 2024) and hybrid electric buses in 2007. As of the 2020s, NJ Transit began introducing clean diesel and battery electric buses to make the transition to build a lower or zero-emission fleet. The rosters below list current and past buses purchased or otherwise acquired by NJ Transit for heavy duty fixed-route service.

GMC (automobile)
GMC (formerly the General Motors Truck Company [1911–1943], or the GMC Truck & Coach Division [1943–1998]) is a division of American automotive manufacturer General Motors (GM) for trucks and utility vehicles. GMC currently makes SUVs, pickup trucks, vans, and light-duty trucks. In the past, GMC also produced fire trucks, ambulances, heavy-duty trucks, military vehicles, motorhomes, transit buses, and medium duty trucks.

While many of their vehicles are mechanically similar, GMC is positioned as a premium offering to the mainstream Chevrolet brand, and includes the luxury trim Denali. In North America, GMC vehicles are almost always sold alongside Buick (another premium brand) vehicles at multi-brand dealerships.
Nakano, Tokyo
Nakano (Japanese: 中野, Nakano) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Nakano City (中野区, Nakano-ku).

As of January 1, 2024, the ward has an estimated population of 337,377, and a population density of 21,640 persons per km2. The total area is 15.59 km2. Nakano is the most densely populated city in Japan.

Television personalities in Japan
Television personalities in Japan, known as tarento (タレント; derived from Portuguese talento) in Japanese, are celebrities who regularly appear in mass media in Japan, especially as panelists on variety shows. During the Golden Age of Hollywood, bankable stars in the United States were described as "talents" and were distinguished from production crews, which were seen as having more technical than charismatic talents.
Vietnam: The Aftermath
Vietnam: The Aftermath is an album by violinist Billy Bang. It was recorded on April 13 and 14, 2001, at Sorcerer Sound in New York City, and was released later that year by Justin Time Records. On the album, Bang is joined by saxophonist Frank Lowe, flutist Sonny Fortune, trumpeter Ted Daniel, pianist John Hicks, double bassist Curtis Lundy, drummer Michael Carvin, and percussionist Ron Brown. The ensemble is conducted by Butch Morris.

The album came about when Jean-Pierre Leduc of Justin Time suggested that Bang create a recording about his experiences in the Vietnam War. Bang recalled that, as a result of the conversation, his "entire body and mind came to an immediate halt," and he "felt a cold shiver." However, after several days of contemplation, he replied and stated that he was "ready, willing, and able to embark on the Vietnam project."

Four years after the album's release, Justin Time issued a follow-up titled Vietnam: Reflections.

Justin Time Records
Justin Time Records is a Canadian record company and independent record label founded in Montreal by Jim West. It was established in 1983 and specialises in jazz and blues. Although Justin Time initially recorded Canadian musicians such as Oliver Jones, Ranee Lee, and Diana Krall, it grew to include Americans like David Murray and the World Saxophone Quartet. Paul Bley, Jeri Brown, and D. D. Jackson are also artists in its catalogue.
Liberty: In Our Cosmos
Liberty: In Our Cosmos (alternatively titled Cravity 1st Album Part 2 [Liberty: In Our Cosmos]) is the second studio album by South Korean boy band Cravity. It was released on March 22, 2022, by Starship Entertainment and distributed by Kakao Entertainment.

The album was a commercial success, debuting and peaking at number one on the South Korean Gaon Album Chart.

Circle Album Chart
The Circle Album Chart (Korean: 써클 앨범 차트), previously known as the Gaon Album Chart (가온 앨범 차트), is a record chart ranking the 100 most popular albums, extended plays and single albums in South Korea–based on their physical sales. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart. It compiles shipments in weekly, monthly, and year-end formats with detailed album sales.
Age groups in Scouting and Guiding
Some Scout and Guide organizations in the Scout Movement and Girl Guides, in addition to Scouts, operate other programs for other age groups. Some Scout organizations separate older scout (e.g. senior scouts, Venture Scouts, Explorer Scouts), often specializing in or undertaking more adventurous activities such as Sea Scouts, Air Scouts, high adventure, mounted Scouts and cyclist Scouts.

High adventure
High adventure is a type of outdoor experience. It typically is meant to include activities like backpacking, hiking, kayaking or canoeing. It may also include mountaineering, rock climbing, mountain biking, orienteering, hang gliding, paragliding and hot air ballooning.
Riviera, Texas
Riviera is a census-designated place in Kleberg County, Texas, United States. As of the 2022 census, it had a population of 758. It is located 15 miles (24 km) south of Kingsville on U.S. Route 77 (Future Interstate 69E) and 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Falfurrias on Texas State Highway 285.

Falfurrias, Texas
Falfurrias (/fælˈfjʊəriəs/ fal-FURE-ee-əss) is a city in and the county seat of Brooks County, Texas, United States. Its population was 4,609 at the 2020 census, in a county that in the same census was just over 7,000. The town is named for founder Edward Cunningham Lasater's ranch, La Mota de Falfurrias. In 1893, the Falfurrias ranch was one of the largest in Texas at some 350,000 acres (140,000 ha).

The biggest industry in Falfurrias is the United States Border Patrol interior checkpoint south of the city on U.S. Route 281. As an indirect consequence, many migrants seeking to bypass the checkpoint by setting off across the arid land die of exposure and dehydration.

Falfurrias and Brooks County were featured in a 2014 Latino USA radio story on illegal immigration in South Texas. The 2021 movie Missing in Brooks County deals with the same topic.
Stibaroptera
Stibaroptera is an Asian genus of sickle-bearing bush-crickets, in the tribe Holochlorini, erected by Ignacio Bolívar in 1906.  The recorded species distribution (possibly incomplete) includes Vietnam and western Malesia.

Ignacio Bolívar
Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia (Spanish pronunciation: [iɣˈnasjo βoˈliβaɾjuˈrutja]; 9 November 1850 – 19 November 1944) was a Spanish naturalist and entomologist, and one of the founding fathers of Spanish entomology. He helped found the Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Royal Spanish Natural History Society) in 1871, and was the author of several books and of over 1000 species.

He also encouraged other naturalists to study entomology, José María de la Fuente being one example. In this field he wrote more than 300 books and monographs and described more than thousand new species and about 200 genera.

After the Spanish Civil War he was exiled to Mexico when the nationalist government harshly repressed Republican militants and sympathisers. Here he was made Doctor honoris of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. In Mexico he was devoted mainly to entomology and founded in 1940 the journal Ciencia (Science).
1996 Chadian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Chad on 2 June 1996, with a second round on 3 July. They were the first multiparty presidential elections in the history of Chad and occurred at the end of a long transitional process after repeated delays. The elections were won by the incumbent President Idriss Déby, who easily defeated a prominent southern politician, Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué, in the second round. Déby benefited from the support of another southern politician, Saleh Kebzabo, who finished third in the first round. The election was marred by widespread and credible reports of electoral fraud and government intimidation of opposition forces, confirmed by international observers. Voter turnout was 68% in the first round and 78% in the second.

Following his victory, Déby was sworn in on 8 August 1996.

History of Chad
Chad (Arabic: تشاد; French: Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa".
Cornbread
Cornbread is a quick bread made with cornmeal, associated with the cuisine of the Southern United States, with origins in Native American cuisine. It is an example of batter bread. Dumplings and pancakes made with finely ground cornmeal are staple foods of the Hopi people in Arizona. The Hidatsa people of the Upper Midwest call baked cornbread naktsi, while the Choctaw people of the Southeast call it bvnaha. The Cherokee and Seneca tribes enrich the basic batter, adding chestnuts, sunflower seeds, apples, or berries, and sometimes combine it with beans or potatoes. Modern versions of cornbread are usually leavened by baking powder.

Hidatsa
The Hidatsa (/hɪˈdɑːtsə/ hih-DOT-sə) are a Missouri River Siouan people. They are enrolled in the federally recognized Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. Their language is related to that of the Apsáalooke, and they are sometimes considered a parent tribe of the Apsáalooke in Montana.
Cidade Nova Station
Cidade Nova Station (Portuguese: Estação Cidade Nova) is a subway station on the Rio de Janeiro Metro that serves the neighbourhood of Cidade Nova in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The station was opened in 2010.

Cidade Nova, Rio de Janeiro
Cidade Nova is a middle-to-lower-class neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is located between the Centro and the North Zone. The Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí is situated within this neighborhood.