hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Appropriation (art)
In art, appropriation is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts (literary, visual, musical and performing arts). In the visual arts, "to appropriate" means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of human-made visual culture. Notable in this respect are the readymades of Marcel Duchamp.

Inherent in the understanding of appropriation is the concept that the new work recontextualizes whatever it borrows to create the new work. In most cases, the original "thing" remains accessible as the original, without change.

Jeff Koons
Jeffrey Lynn Koons  (/kuːnz/; born January 21, 1955) is an American artist recognized for his work dealing with popular culture and his sculptures depicting everyday objects, including balloon animals produced in stainless steel with mirror-finish surfaces. He lives and works in both New York City and his hometown of York, Pennsylvania. His works have sold for substantial sums, including at least two record auction prices for a work by a living artist: US$58.4 million for Balloon Dog (Orange) in 2013 and US$91.1 million for Rabbit in 2019.

Critics come sharply divided in their views of Koons. Some view his work as pioneering and of major art-historical importance. Others dismiss his work as kitsch, crass, and based on cynical self-merchandising. Koons has stated that there are no hidden meanings or critiques in his works.
Acacia aspera
Acacia aspera, commonly known as rough wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-east of continental Australia. It is an erect or spreading shrub with oblong to narrowly oblong or elliptic phyllodes, one or two spherical heads of cream-coloured to golden-yellow flowers and narrowly oblong pods up to 60 mm (2.4 in) long.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Latrinalia
Latrinalia is a type of deliberately inscribed or etched marking made on latrines; that is, bathrooms or lavatory walls. It can take the form of art, drawings, or words, including poetry and personal reflections. Other types of latrinalia include political commentary and notes on love as well as derogatory (sharing low opinions) comments and pictures. Humor is also common, such as the phenomenon observed on some college campuses of writing puns about grout in the grouted spaces between tiles. When done without the property owner's consent, it constitutes vandalism. Some venues have attempted to curb such vandalism by installing in the lavatory large blackboards and providing free chalk; it is hoped that patrons will avail themselves of the blackboard and chalk rather than applying their latrinalia directly to the walls or toilet stalls.

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
Tom Shear
Tom Shear is an American musician and music producer, and is the sole member of the electronic act Assemblage 23.

He was born on November 12, 1971, in State College, Pennsylvania, where he lived until he was about age six. After that, he lived in New Jersey for two years and then in New Hampshire for around twelve years.

State College, Pennsylvania
State College is a borough and home rule municipality in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 40,501 at the 2020 census. It is a college town home to Penn State University Park, the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.

State College is the largest borough in Pennsylvania by population. It is the principal borough of the six municipalities that make up the State College area, the largest settlement in Centre County, and one of the principal cities of the greater State College–DuBois combined statistical area which had 238,734 residents in 2020.
Arkansas Highway 115 (1926–1935)
State Road 115 (AR 115, Ark. 115, and Hwy. 115) is a former state highway in South Arkansas. The route began at US Highway 167 (US 167) in El Dorado and ran north to US 79 in Thornton near Fordyce. The entire highway was supplanted by US 167 in 1935 following creation of US 79. State Road 115 was maintained by the Arkansas Highway Department (AHD), now known as the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

Arkansas Department of Transportation
The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT), formerly the Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department, is a government department in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its mission is to provide a safe, efficient, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sound intermodal transportation system for the user. The department is responsible for implementing policy made by the Arkansas State Highway Commission, a board of officials appointed by the Governor of Arkansas to direct transportation policy in the state. The department's director is appointed by the commission to hire staff and manage construction and maintenance on Arkansas's highways.

The primary duty of ARDOT is the maintenance and management of the over 16,000-mile (26,000 km) Arkansas Highway System. The department also conducts planning, public transportation, the State Aid County Road Program, the Arkansas Highway Police, and Federal-Aid project administration. Its headquarters are in Little Rock.
Hansa-Brandenburg W.23
The Hansa-Brandenburg W.23 was a prototype biplane flying-boat fighter designed by the Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft Company (Hansa Brandenburgische Flugzeugwerke) for the Imperial German Navy's (Kaiserliche Marine) Naval Air Service (Marine-Fliegerabteilung) during World War I. Three aircraft were ordered in 1917 and delivered the following year, but it was not ordered into production.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.
George Iloka
George Arinze Iloka (born March 31, 1990) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Boise State Broncos and was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fifth round of the 2012 NFL draft.

Mike Zimmer
Michael Zimmer (born June 5, 1956) is an American football coach. He began his NFL career as a defensive assistant with the Dallas Cowboys in 1994, where he helped the team win Super Bowl XXX in January 1996.

After stints as defensive coordinator for Atlanta (2007), Cincinnati (2008–2013), and head coach of the Minnesota Vikings (2014–2021), Zimmer returned to Dallas in 2024 as the team's defensive coordinator. He is respected for consistently developing top-ranked defenses and fostering strong team performance.
Thomas Commercial Historic District
The Thomas Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Thomas, Tucker County, West Virginia. It encompasses 48 contributing buildings and two contributing structures. They include the business and commercial core of Thomas. Most of the buildings in the district date from the late-19th and early-20th century in popular architectural styles, such as Italianate, Renaissance Revival, and Gothic Revival.  They are primarily two and three story masonry buildings with storefronts on the first floor and housing above.  Notable buildings include the Frank Calobrese Building (1902), Duncan Funeral Home Building (1899), Miners and Merchant Bank (1902), City Hall (1927), and Thomas Central Power Plant Dam (1911).  Also located in the district is the separately listed Cottrill Opera House (1902).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Tucker County, West Virginia
Tucker County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,762, making it West Virginia's fourth-least populous county. Its county seat is Parsons. The county was created in 1856 from a part of Randolph County, then part of Virginia. In 1871, a small part of Barbour County, was transferred to Tucker County. The county was named after Henry St. George Tucker, Sr., a judge and Congressman from Williamsburg, Virginia.
Our Lady Queen of Nigeria Pro-Cathedral, Abuja
The Our Lady Queen of Nigeria Pro-Cathedral, also called Abuja Cathedral, is the pro-cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Abuja, the capital of Nigeria.  Located on the Funmilayo Kuti street in Garki, is expected to be replaced by the city's Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles upon its completion.

Initially it was called "Church of All Saints" and had its first priest in 1983.

The cathedral parish follows the Latin Rite.  It serves as the mother church of the archdiocese (Archidioecesis Abugensis), which was created as a mission sui juris in 1981 and elevated to archiepiscopal status in 1994 via the bull "Quo aptius" of Pope John Paul II.

It is under the pastoral responsibility of Archbishop Ignatius Kaigama. Pope John Paul II visited it in 1988, as did President of Nigeria, Goodluck Jonathan, in 2015.

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
Lucius Marcius Censorinus (consul 39 BC)
Lucius Marcius Censorinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 39 BC, during the Second Triumvirate. He and his colleague Gaius Calvisius Sabinus had been the only two senators who tried to defend Julius Caesar when he was assassinated on the Ides of March in 44 BC, and their consulship under the triumvirate was a recognition of their loyalty.

Marcius Censorinus was proconsul of Macedonia and Achaea from 42 to 40 BC. He and a Fabius Maximus were the last proconsuls honored abroad with the title "savior and founder" and with a festival bearing their names before the establishment of the imperial monarchy under Augustus. Following the civil wars of the 40s, Censorinus took possession of Cicero's beloved house on the Palatine.

Palatine Hill
The Palatine Hill (/ˈpælətaɪn/ PAL-ə-tyne; Classical Latin: Palatium; New Latin: Collis/Mons Palatinus; Italian: Palatino [palaˈtiːno]), which relative to the seven hills of Rome is the centremost, is one of the most ancient parts of the city; it has been called "the first nucleus of the Roman Empire". The site is now mainly a large open-air museum whilst the Palatine Museum houses many finds from the excavations here and from other ancient Italian sites.

Imperial palaces were built there, starting with Augustus. Before imperial times the hill was mostly occupied by the houses of the rich.

The hill originally had two summits separated by a depression: the higher summit was called Palatium; the lower Germalus (or Cermalus). Using the Forma Urbis its perimeter enclosed 63 acres (25 ha); while the Regionary Catalogues of the 4th century enclose 131 acres (53 ha).
Morais Natura 2000 Site
The Morais Natura 2000 Site (PTCON0023)  is located in the northeast of Portugal. With an area of 12878 (ha) almost entirely in the municipality of Macedo de Cavaleiros (12219 ha), partially integrates the Azibo Reservoir Protected Landscape, extending itself thru the neighboring municipalities of Bragança (546 ha) and Mogadouro (114 ha).

This average altitude mountainous area, has in its core the Morais Ophiolite Complex, one of the  most representative areas of ultramafic rocks,  and the largest continuous units of serpentinite in Portugal. Covered with several endemic species and communities, the site has high geological, botanical and zoological interest.

Serpentinite
Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock composed predominantly of serpentine group minerals formed by serpentinization of mafic or ultramafic rocks. The ancient origin of the name is uncertain; it may be from the similarity of its texture or color to snake skin. Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides (AD 50) recommended this rock to prevent snakebite.

Serpentinite has been called serpentine or serpentine rock, particularly in older geological texts and in wider cultural settings.

Most of the chemical reactions necessary to synthesize acetyl-CoA, essential to basic biochemical pathways of life, take place during serpentinization. Serpentinite thermal vents are therefore considered a candidate for the origin of life on Earth.
Boross Government
The Boross government was the second cabinet of Hungary after the fall of Communism. It was established on 21 December 1993 under the leadership of Péter Boross, as a coalition of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, United Smallholders' Party and Christian Democratic People's Party.  It was formed after the death in office of Prime Minister József Antall on 12 December 1993, upon which the then interior minister Boross became acting prime minister immediately. He was later confirmed in office with a vote of 201 members of parliament over a week later.  The cabinet was essentially unchanged from Antall's, with the exception of Imre Kónya taking over Boross's former post of Interior Minister.  The government was defeated in the 1994 Hungarian parliamentary election, and subsequently Boross resigned on 15 July 1994 in favor of Gyula Horn.

József Antall
József Tihamér Antall Jr. (Hungarian: ifjabb Antall József Tihamér, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈifjɒbː ˈɒntɒl ˈjoːʒef]; 8 April 1932 – 12 December 1993) was a Hungarian teacher, librarian, historian, and statesman who served as the first democratically elected prime minister of Hungary, holding office from May 1990 until his death in December 1993. He was also the leader of the Hungarian Democratic Forum from 1989.
École La-Belle-Cloche
École La-Belle-Cloche is a Canadian francophone school in Fortune Bridge, Prince Edward Island. Students that attend the school come from the central parts of Kings County.

The school is administratively part of the Commission scolaire de langue française.

Fortune Bridge, Prince Edward Island
Fortune Bridge is a small unincorporated area on Lot 43, East Parish, King County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is located west of the Town of Souris.

Author Elmer Blaney Harris built a summer home and founded an artist colony in Fortune Bridge. Local residents, including Lydia Dingwell (1852-1931) of nearby Dingwells Mills, would be the inspiration for his play Johnny Belinda. The home was later owned by actress Colleen Dewhurst and is now The Inn at Bay Fortune and Fireworks restaurant, owned and operated by Chef Michael Smith and his partner Chastity Smith.
Julien-Léopold Boilly
Julien-Léopold Boilly (French pronunciation: [ʒyljɛ̃ leɔpɔl(d) bwɑji]; 30 August 1796 – 14 June 1874), also known as Jules Boilly, was a French artist noted for his album of lithographs Iconographie de l'Institut Royal de France (1820–1821) and his booklet Album de 73 portraits-charge aquarellés des membres de l'Institut (1820) containing watercolor caricatures of seventy-three famous mathematicians, in particular the French mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre, the only known portrait of him.

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.
Grayling Charter Township, Michigan
Grayling Charter Township is a charter township of Crawford County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,642 as of the 2020 census, down from 5,827 at the 2010 census.  The city of Grayling is surrounded by Grayling Charter Township, but both are administered autonomously.

Camp Grayling
Camp Grayling is a military training facility located near Grayling, Michigan, United States, primarily in Crawford County, and spread over three counties. Camp Grayling is the main training facility for the Michigan National Guard and is the largest US National Guard training facility in the United States.
Muse Communication
Muse Communication Co., Ltd. (also known simply as Muse) is a Taiwanese distributor and licensor that specializes in the distribution of Japanese animation. Based in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, the company also distributes Asian and European films in Taiwan. It has licenses for several popular anime series and tokusatsu such as Fairy Tail: 100 Years Quest, Attack on Titan, Sword Art Online, Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, One-Punch Man, Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World, Spy × Family, Saint Seiya, Hunter × Hunter, Pretty Cure Series, Kamen Rider Series, Super Sentai, and many more.

Cinema of Asia
Asian cinema refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Asia.

East Asian cinema is typified by the cinema of Japan, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea, including the Japanese anime industry and action films of Hong Kong. Southeast Asian cinema is typified by the cinema of the Philippines – one of the pioneers in Asian cinema, Thailand, Indonesia, and other Southeast Asian countries.

South Asian cinema is typified by the cinema of India, the cinema of Pakistan, the cinema of Bangladesh, and the cinema of Nepal.

The cinema of Central Asia also includes the cinema of Tajikistan. West Asian cinema is typified by Arab cinema, Iranian cinema, Israeli cinema (which may overlap with Jewish cinema), and Turkish cinema.
Luftflotte 6
Luftflotte 6 (Air Fleet 6) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.  It was formed on May 5, 1943 from Luftwaffenkommando Ost in Central Russia (Smolensk). The Luftwaffe units listed here were detached in Belarus, East Poland, East Prussia, Ukraine, Slovakia and in Russian-occupied lands for air support of Axis forces in the sector; with command offices in Pryluky and Belarus during June 26, 1944 within the Eastern front.

Pryluky
Pryluky (Ukrainian: Прилуки [prɪˈlukɪ] ⓘ) is a city and municipality located on the Udai River in Chernihiv Oblast, north-central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Pryluky Raion (district). Located nearby is the Pryluky air base, a major strategic bomber base during the Cold War, which is Ukraine's largest airfield. Population: 51,637 (2022 estimate).
Jörgen Sandström
Jörgen Sandström  (born 13 November 1971) is a Swedish musician. He provided vocals, bass and guitar for Grave on their first three albums and played with Entombed, on bass and backing vocals, between 1995 and 2004. He has also been involved with bands such as Krux (on Guitar), Vicious Art (on Bass/Backing Vocals), The Project Hate MCMXCIX (as Vocalist) and Torture Division (on Vocals/Bass). He also did guest vocals on Nasum's Helvete and on Death Breath's Stinking up the Night.

Nasum
Nasum (pronounced 'nah-zumm') was a Swedish grindcore band from Örebro, formed in 1992. The band released four studio albums and developed into "one of that country's premier metal acts". They disbanded after the band's frontman, Mieszko Talarczyk, was killed in the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

In 2012, Nasum reunited with Rotten Sound frontman Keijo Niinimaa taking the place of Talarczyk, for a one-off tour to celebrate the band's 20th anniversary.

Nasum has been referred to "Sweden's Napalm Death" by journalists such as Andy O'Connor of Spin.
Wickford Junction station
Wickford Junction station is a commuter rail station located in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States. It is the southern terminus of the MBTA Commuter Rail Providence/Stoughton Line and serves as a park and ride location for commuters to Providence and Boston. The station consists of a single high-level side platform on a stub-end siding next to the Northeast Corridor mainline.

The first station at the site opened in 1844. In 1870, the Newport and Wickford Railroad and Steamboat Company was opened from the station to Wickford Landing, where it connected with steamships to Newport, Rhode Island. The station was rebuilt in 1871, expanded in 1887, and rebuilt again around 1890 after a fire. Branch service ended in 1925, but the station remained open until 1981. A new station and parking garage opened on the same site on April 23, 2012, as part of the South County Commuter Rail project, which also included the new T. F. Green Airport station.

Rhode Island Public Transit Authority
The Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) provides public transportation, primarily buses, in the U.S. state of Rhode Island.  The main hub of the RIPTA system is Kennedy Plaza, a large bus terminal in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. Average daily ridership as of the second quarter of 2025 is 39,600. The agency operates 59 fixed-route bus routes and 7 demand-responsive routes, together serving 37 out of 39 Rhode Island municipalities.