hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas B. Maddox
Douglas B. Maddox (born in Manassas, Virginia, USA) is an American film producer, executive producer, and production manager. Douglas Maddox was inducted into the Producers Guild of America in July 2007 and has since served as the National Capital Chair. Now he holds the position of Chair Emeritus.  He is best known for producing the film, The Bill Collector, starring Danny Trejo and Undaunted, an award-winning biopic on the early life of author and speaker Josh McDowell.

Josh McDowell
Joslin "Josh" McDowell (born August 17, 1939) is an American evangelical Christian apologist and evangelist. He is the author or co-author of over 150 books.

In 2006, his book Evidence That Demands a Verdict was ranked 13th in Christianity Today's list of most influential evangelical books published after World War II. Other well-known titles are More Than a Carpenter, A Ready Defense and Right from Wrong.
James Challis
James Challis FRS (12 December 1803 – 3 December 1882) was an English clergyman, physicist and astronomer. Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy and the director of the Cambridge Observatory, he investigated a wide range of physical phenomena though made few lasting contributions outside astronomy. He is best remembered for his missed opportunity to discover the planet Neptune in 1846.

Cambridge Observatory
Cambridge Observatory is an astronomical observatory at the University of Cambridge in the East of England. It was established in 1823 and is now part of the site of the Institute of Astronomy. The old Observatory building houses the Institute of Astronomy Library which has a collection of modern and historical astronomical books.

There are a set of optical telescopes at the site on the Madingley Road in the west of Cambridge.  By modern standards these are small, as well as being affected by light pollution. The 36-inch telescope was used for studies of stellar radial velocities until 2019, and the historic Northumberland and Thorrowgood telescopes are used as part of the public outreach activities of the Institute.

From 1990 to 1998, the Royal Greenwich Observatory was based in Cambridge in Greenwich House, just to the north of the Observatory.
Îles Maria
Îles Maria or simply Maria, also known as Hull Island, is a small coral atoll in the Pacific Ocean. Its original name is Nororotu. The nearest island is Rimatara situated 205 kilometres (127 miles) to the ESE.

The atoll consists of four islets (îles), with a dense atoll forest and a very shallow lagoon, supporting numerous bird species. The atoll is uninhabited. Copra is occasionally harvested at the island.

The four islands are:

Île du Sud

Île Centrale

Île de l' Ouest

Île du Nordêt

The Îles Maria should not be confused with Maria Atoll in the Gambier Islands, also in French Polynesia, which is sometimes differentiated with the name "Maria Est" (East).  There is also another island once known as Hull Island in the Phoenix Islands, which is now known as Orona.

Copra
Copra (from Malayalam, koppara or kopra) is the dried, white flesh of the coconut from which coconut oil is extracted. Traditionally, the coconuts are sun-dried, especially for export, before the oil, also known as copra oil, is pressed out.

The oil extracted from copra is rich in lauric acid, making it an important commodity in the preparation of lauryl alcohol, soaps, fatty acids, and cosmetics, and thus a lucrative product for many coconut-producing countries. The palatable oil cake, known as copra cake, is a residue in the production of copra oil used in animal feeds. The ground cake is known as coconut or copra meal.
Baron Snider
Baron David Snider (12 September 1917 – 29 December 1966) was an Australian politician.

Born in Caulfield to theatre proprietor Mendel Snider and Evelyn Myers, Snider attended Melbourne Grammar School and Melbourne University, and during World War II served in the Australian Military Forces. In 1940 he went to the United States to consult on ship building safety; while there he married Emily Frank, with whom he had a son Mark Garfield. In 1951 he returned to Australia, becoming a director of training for the Victorian Institute of Industrial Management. In 1955 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal and Country Party member for St Kilda. In 1964 he transferred to the Legislative Council, winning a seat in Higinbotham Province. He had married Claire Orson in 1959; they had one son Marshall Orson. Snider died in 1966 at Ivanhoe.

Caulfield, Victoria
Caulfield is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Caulfield recorded a population of 5,748 at the 2021 census.

It is bounded by Kooyong Road in the west, Glen Eira Road in the north, Glen Huntly Road in the south and Booran Road in the east.

Major landmarks in the suburb of Caulfield include the Glenhuntly tram depot and Caulfield Hospital.
Freddy Flores Knistoff
Freddy Flores Knistoff is a painter and poet born in Viña del Mar, Chile in 1948. He has lived in Amsterdam since 1985.

Flores Knistoff is still active in both painting and producing artist's books. He also composes experimental poetry and since 1993 has published with Hybriden-Verlag of Berlin directed by Hartmut Andryczuk. He is strongly connected to the international movement FLUXUS.

In recent years, he has exhibited in Brussels (2007), London (2012), New York City (2008 and 2012), Pennsylvania (2012) and Oxford (2014).

He founded the Collective Automatic Painting of Amsterdam in 1991 and through this movement influenced other artists in the use of automatic painting. 
Flores Knistoff is also an active member of the Phases movement that coalesced around Édouard Jaguer and involved Roberto Matta.

Enrico Baj
Enrico Baj (31 October 1924 – 16 June 2003) was an Italian artist and writer on art. Many of his works show an obsession with nuclear war. He created prints, and sculptures but especially collage. He was close to the surrealist and dada movements, and was later associated with CoBrA. As an author, he has been described as a leading promoter of the avant-garde. He worked with Umberto Eco among other collaborators. He had a long interest in the pseudo-philosophy 'pataphysics.
George Fletcher (politician)
George Fletcher (circa 1666 – circa March 1708) was the eldest son of Sir George Fletcher, 2nd Baronet by his second wife Mary, daughter of James Johnstone, 1st Earl of Hartfell. From a local Whig family, he represented the borough of Cockermouth in the Parliament of England from 1698 to 1701 and the county of Cumberland from 1701 to 1702 and then from 1705 to his death. He died without issue, so the baronetcy became extinct on the death of his elder half-brother Sir Henry Fletcher, 3rd Bt.

Sir Henry Fletcher, 3rd Baronet, of Hutton le Forest
Sir Henry Fletcher, 3rd Baronet (April 1661 – 19 May 1712) was an English baronet and politician.

He was the oldest son of Sir George Fletcher, 2nd Baronet and his first wife Alice Hare, daughter of Hugh Hare, 1st Baron Coleraine. In 1700, he succeeded his father as baronet. Fletcher was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford, where he matriculated on 10 June 1678. He entered the English House of Commons as member of parliament (MP) for Cockermouth in 1689, representing the constituency until the following year.

Fletcher converted to Roman Catholicism and lived then as a monk in the English monastery of Douai in France. He died there, unmarried and childless, and was buried in a chapel, he had built for the community at his own expense. With his death the baronetcy became extinct.
Friedrich Delitzsch
Friedrich Conrad Gerhard Delitzsch (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈdeːlɪtʃ]; 3 September 1850 – 19 December 1922) was a German Assyriologist. He was the son of Lutheran theologian Franz Delitzsch (1813–1890).

Born in Erlangen, he studied in Leipzig and Berlin, gaining his habilitation in 1874 as a lecturer of Semitic languages and Assyriology in Leipzig. In 1885, he became a full professor at Leipzig, afterwards serving as a professor at the Universities of Breslau (1893) and Berlin (1899).

He was co-founder of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft (German Oriental Society) and director of the Vorderasiatische Abteilung (Near Eastern Department) of the Royal Museums.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Albert Bunjaku
Albert Bunjaku (born 29 November 1983) is a Kosovan professional football coach and former player who is the assistant manager of the youth team at Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen and the manager of the Kosovo national under-19 team.

Kosovo national under-19 football team
The Kosovo national under-19 football team (Albanian: Kombëtarja e futbollit të Kosovës nën 19 vjeç; Serbian: Фудбалска репрезентација Косова до 19. године, romanized: Fudbalska reprezentacija Kosova do 19. godine) is the national under-19 football team of Kosovo and is controlled by the Football Federation of Kosovo.
Rashi script
The Rashi script or Sephardic script (Hebrew: כְּתַב רַשִׁ״י, romanized: Ktav Rashi) is a typeface for the Hebrew alphabet based on 15th-century Sephardic semi-cursive handwriting. It is named for the rabbinic commentator Rashi, whose works are customarily printed in the typeface (though Rashi himself died several hundred years before the script came into use). It was taken as a model by early Hebrew typographers such as Abraham Garton, the Soncino family and Daniel Bomberg in their editions of commented texts (such as the Mikraot Gedolot and the Talmud, in which Rashi's commentaries prominently figure).

Rabbinic literature
Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire corpus of works authored by rabbis throughout Jewish history. The term typically refers to literature from the Talmudic era (70–640 CE), as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writings. It aligns with the Hebrew term Sifrut Chazal (Hebrew: ספרות חז״ל), which translates to “literature [of our] sages” and generally pertains only to the sages (Chazal) from the Talmudic period. This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the Talmud, Midrashim (Hebrew: מדרשים), and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. The terms mefareshim and parshanim (commentaries and commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts.
Pension parachute
A pension parachute is a form of poison pill that prevents the raiding firm of a hostile takeover from utilizing the pension assets to finance the acquisition.  When the target firm is threatened by an acquirer, the pension plan assets are only available to benefit the pension plan participants.

In corporate governance, the pension parachute protects the surplus cash in the pension fund of the target from unfriendly acquirers; the funds remain the property of the plan's participants in the target company.

The law firm of Kelley Drye & Warren claims to be the pioneers of the "pension parachute". Their first pension parachute was implemented for Union Carbide, and its design was upheld in Union Carbide's litigation with GAF.

Kelley Drye & Warren
Kelley Drye & Warren LLP is an international law firm founded in 1836 and is one of the oldest firms in the United States. It operates in New York; Washington; Los Angeles; Chicago; Stamford, Connecticut; Madison, New Jersey; Houston, Texas; and San Diego, California.
Jordan at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
Jordan participated in the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey from 9 to 18 August 2022.

The games had been rescheduled several times. In May 2021, the ISSF postponed the event to August 2022 citing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the participating countries.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Dave Inkpen
Dave Inkpen (born September 4, 1954, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played 293 games in the World Hockey Association.  He played for the Indianapolis Racers, Quebec Nordiques, Cincinnati Stingers, Edmonton Oilers, and New England Whalers.

Cincinnati Stingers
The Cincinnati Stingers were an ice hockey team based in Cincinnati that played in the World Hockey Association from 1975 to 1979 and in the Central Hockey League during the 1979–80 season. Their home arena was Riverfront Coliseum. They are the only major league hockey team to have played in Cincinnati.
David W. Peck
David W. Peck (December 3, 1902 – August 23, 1990) was an American jurist. From 1947 to 1957, he was Presiding Justice of the Appellate Division, First Department in New York, and in that time took a leading role in the reform of judiciary of that state. In 1950, in Germany, Peck led the  Advisory Board on Clemency on recommendations for clemency for convicted war and Nazi criminals.

Paul Blobel
Paul Wilhelm Hermann Blobel (13 August 1894 – 7 June 1951) was a German Sicherheitsdienst (SD) commander and convicted war criminal who played a leading role in the Holocaust. He organised the Babi Yar massacre, the largest massacre of the Second World War at Babi Yar ravine in September 1941, pioneered the use of the gas van, and, following re-assignment, developed the gas chambers for the extermination camps. From late 1942 onwards, he led Sonderaktion 1005, wherein millions of bodies were exhumed at sites across Eastern Europe in an effort to erase all evidence of the Holocaust and specifically of Operation Reinhard. After the war, Blobel was tried at the Einsatzgruppen trial and sentenced to death. He was executed in 1951.
31st National Film Awards
The 31st National Film Awards, presented by Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in the year 1983. Ceremony took place in June 1984 and awards were given by then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi.

Directorate of Film Festivals
The Directorate of Film Festivals in India was an organisation that initiated and presented the International Film Festival of India, the National Film Awards and the Indian Panorama. Although the Directorate helped appoint members of the jury panels each year, it had no input on which films are selected for consideration and which films ultimately win awards at the various functions it initiates.

The Directorate set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt of India, to organise national and international film festivals in India.

It was set up by the Government of India in 1973, and works as part of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The Directorate was based in New Delhi and its last director Senthil Rajan.

In March 2022, it was merged with National Film Development Corporation.
Sargon Dadesho
Sargon Dadesho (Syriac: ܣܪܓܘܢ ܕܕܝܫܘܥ, Arabic: سركون داديشو; born September 18, 1948, in Habbaniyah, Iraq) is an Iraqi-American author, broadcaster, activist, and nationalist leader of Assyrian ethnicity. Based in Ceres, California, Dadesho has had an extensive career in Assyrian politics, starting from the 1970s with his height in political activity coming after the US invasion of Iraq.

Dadesho is most well known for being the subject of a failed assassination attempt, which resulted in a lawsuit that he won against the Iraqi government. He was also awarded $2.4 million from confiscated Iraqi government assets in 2003.

Iraqi Americans
Iraqi Americans (Arabic: أمريكيون عراقيون) are American citizens of Iraqi descent. As of 2023, the number of Iraqi Americans is around 155,055, according to the United States Census Bureau.

According to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, 49,006 Iraqi foreign born immigrated to the United States between 1989 and 2001 and 25,710 Iraqi-born immigrants naturalized between 1991 and 2001. However, the 2000 United States census reported that there were approximately 90,000 immigrants born in Iraq residing in the United States.
Wheelchair fencing at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's foil B
The men's foil B wheelchair fencing competition at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held on 4 September at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre.

The tournament started with a group phase round-robin followed by a knockout stage.

During a qualification round-robin, bouts lasted a maximum of three minutes, or until one athlete had scored five hits. There was then a knockout phase, in which bouts lasted a maximum of nine minutes (three periods of three minutes), or until one athlete had scored 15 hits.

The event was won by Hu Daoliang, representing  China.

Wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair fencing (also called Parafencing) is a version of fencing for athletes with a disability. Wheelchair fencing is governed by the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation, which is a federation of the International Paralympic Committee, and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games. The Paralympic Games take place every four years in different countries.
Sāyaṇa
Sayana (IAST: Sāyaṇa; also called Sāyaṇācārya; died 1387) was a 14th-century Sanskrit Mimamsa scholar from the Vijayanagara Empire of peninsular India, near modern day Bellary, Karnataka. An influential commentator on the Vedas, he flourished under King Bukka Raya I and his successor Harihara II. More than a hundred works are attributed to him, among which are commentaries on nearly all parts of the Vedas. He also wrote on a number of subjects like medicine, morality, music and grammar.

Ballari
Ballari (Kannada: [bɐɭːaːri], formerly Bellary) is a city in the Ballari district in state of Karnataka, India.

Ballari houses many steel plants such as JSW Vijayanagar, one of the largest in Asia. Ballari district is also known as the ‘Steel city of South India’. Ballari is also the headquarters for Karnataka Gramina Bank which almost has more than 1100 + branches in Karnataka.
Bommelerwaard
Bommelerwaard is a district in Gelderland, Netherlands.

The Bommelerwaard is situated among three rivers: the Meuse (Dutch: Maas) in the south(east), the Waal in the north and the Afgedamde Maas in the west. It is formed by the area of two municipalities: Zaltbommel and Maasdriel.

51°46′32″N 5°11′57″E﻿ / ﻿51.77556°N 5.19917°E﻿ / 51.77556; 5.19917

Maasdriel
Maasdriel (Dutch pronunciation: [maːzˈdril] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Gelderland, in the eastern Netherlands.

Maasdriel was formed on 1 January, 1999 by the merger of the former municipalities of Ammerzoden (including Well, Wellseind en Wordragen), Hedel, Heerewaarden, Maasdriel (Alem, Hoenzadriel, Kerkdriel and Velddriel) and Rossum (including Hurwenen). The former municipality of Maasdriel was called "Driel" before 1944.
Zakomara
Zakomara (Russian and Ukrainian: Закомара; Belarusian: Закамара) is a semicircular or keeled completion of a wall (curtain wall) in early Russian church architecture.

It first appeared in Kievan Rus', reproducing the adjacent to the inner cylindrical (convex, crossed) vault. Early examples can also be found in Belarus and Ukraine. After the 12th century, the zakomara, initially influenced by Byzantine architecture, was adapted into a more uniquely Russian style and it became a distinctive feature of Russian churches before the emergence of Russian Baroque.

False zakomara, which is not repeating the inner shapes of the vault, is called the kokoshnik. Kokoshniks were only made as exterior decorative elements. They were placed on the walls, vaults, as well as the shrinking tiers at the base of the tents and reels of chapters in church buildings.

Church of the Intercession on the Nerl
The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (Russian: Церковь Покрова на Нерли, romanized: Tserkov Pokrova na Nerli) is a Russian Orthodox church and a symbol of medieval Russia. Dedicated to the Intercession of the Theotokos, the church is situated at the confluence of the Nerl and the Klyazma in Bogolyubovo, Vladimir Oblast, 13 km (8.1 mi) north-east of the medieval princely seat of Vladimir on the Klyazma. For centuries, the memorial church greeted everyone approaching the palace at Bogolyubovo. In spring, the area would flood, and the church appeared as if floating on water. The church itself has not been substantially altered, with only the dome's shape being slightly changed, and the addition of porch-galleries in the 12th century, which were rebuilt in the 18th century and then demolished. The walls are still covered with 12th-century stone carvings. The church is built in the Vladimir-Suzdal school.
Partus Press
Partus Press is an independent publisher based in Oxford, UK and founded by Icelandic poet Vala Thorodds (Valgerður Þóroddsdóttir). Partus Press publishes fiction, short-stories, and poetry.

Partus is a sister press to the Icelandic publisher Partus forlag which has published work by Elías Knörr (Elías Portela), Hallgrímur Helgason, Anton Helgi Jónsson, Sigurður Pálsson, Vilborg Dagbjartsdóttir, Halldóra K. Thoroddsen, Þorsteinn frá Hamri, Hermann Stefánsson, Kristín Ómarsdóttir, Ingibjörg Haraldsdóttir, and Bragi Ólafsson, among others.

Þorsteinn frá Hamri
Þorsteinn frá Hamri (aka Þorsteinn Jónsson), (15 Mar 1938 – 28 Jan 2018) was an Icelandic writer notable for having been nominated five times for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize over a period of 35 years.