hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
The Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps concerns both the actual stamps and covers used during the American Civil War, and the later postage celebrations. The latter include commemorative stamp issues devoted to the actual events and personalities of the war, as well as definitive issues depicting many noteworthy individuals who participated in the era's crucial developments.

Definitive stamp
A definitive stamp is a postage stamp that is part of the regular issue of a country's stamps, available for sale by the post office for an extended period of time and designed to serve the everyday postal needs of the country. The term is used in contrast to a "provisional stamp", one that is issued for a temporary period until regular stamps are available, or a "commemorative stamp", a stamp "issued to honor a person or mark a special event" available only for a limited time.  Commonly, a definitive issue or series includes stamps in a range of denominations sufficient to cover current postal rates. An "issue" generally means a set that is put on sale all at the same time, while a "series" is spread out over several years, but the terms are not precise. Additional stamps in a series may be produced as needed by changes in postal rates; nevertheless some values may be permanently available, regardless of prevailing rates; examples include 1c or 1p and $1 or £1.
Takaya Hashi
Takaya Katō (加藤 孝也, Katō Takaya; 8 September 1952 – 27 August 2025), known professionally as Takaya Hashi (土師 孝也, Hashi Takaya), was a Japanese voice actor. He voiced Toki in Fist of the North Star, Kakuzu in Naruto, Vearn in Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai, and Donovan Desmond in Spy × Family. He was a representative director at the talent agency Apte Pro until his death.

Chūgakusei Nikki
Chūgakusei Nikki (Japanese: 中学聖日記; lit. "Middle School Hijiri Diary", alternatively titled Meet Me After School internationally for the live-action television drama adaptation) is a Japanese manga series by Junko Kawakami. Chūgakusei Nikki is serialized in the monthly josei manga magazine Feel Young since June 2013. A live-action drama began airing in October for the Fall 2018 season.
Willy DeVille Live
Willy DeVille Live is a live recording of Willy DeVille and the Mink DeVille Band. It was recorded on June 16–17, 1993 at The Bottom Line in Greenwich Village, New York City, and in October 1993, at the Olympia Theatre in Paris. It was released in Europe on December 1, 1993 in Europe by the French label Fnac Music (the album was not released in the United States) and re-issued in 2012 under title Live in Paris and New York.

Willy DeVille Live was dedicated to Steve Douglas, who played saxophone on the first three Mink DeVille albums and produced Le Chat Bleu. Douglas died shortly before the album came out.

Willy DeVille Live reached the number one sales chart position in Spain.

Le Chat Bleu
Le Chat Bleu is the third album by the rock band Mink DeVille, released in 1980. The album received critical acclaim and elevated lead singer and composer Willy DeVille to star status. The Rolling Stone critics' poll ranked Le Chat Bleu the fifth best album of 1980, and music historian Glenn A. Baker declared it the tenth best rock album of all time. The album cover is a photo of Willy's first wife Toots Deville's tattoo on her shoulder.
1989 Monte Carlo Open – Doubles
Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez were the defending champions but lost in the second round to Marcelo Filippini and Horst Skoff.

Tomáš Šmíd and Mark Woodforde won in the final 1–6, 6–4, 6–2 against Paolo Canè and Diego Nargiso.

Marcelo Filippini
Marcelo Filippini (born 4 August 1967) is a former professional tennis player from Uruguay.

In 1996, Filippini played what was longest known game in ATP Tour history at Casablanca, going to deuce 20 times with Alberto Berasategui in one game of a 6–2, 6–3 first round loss. The game lasted 28 minutes (24–22 in total points for Berasategui).

Filippini's best performance at a Grand Slam event came at the French Open in 1999, where he reached (as a qualifier without dropping a set) the quarterfinals, defeating Laurence Tieleman, Martin Damm, Vince Spadea and Greg Rusedski before being knocked-out by eventual champion Andre Agassi. He also reached the quarterfinals of the 1993 Rome Masters.
David Phillips (police officer)
Sir John David Phillips QPM (born 22 April 1944) is a retired British senior police officer.

Educated at Leigh Grammar School and Manchester University (whence he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree), Phillips joined the Lancashire Constabulary in 1963, serving until 1984, when he became the Assistant Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police. In 1989, he was appointed Deputy Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall Police. He was promoted in 1993 to be Chief Constable of Kent Police, serving until 2003, when he was appointed Director of the National Centre for Policing Excellence. He retired in 2005. In the meantime, he had been President of the Association of Chief Police Officers (2001–03). Phillips received the Queen's Police Medal (QPM) in 1994; he was knighted in the 2000 Birthday Honours. He was also elected a Companion of the Chartered Management Institute in 2002 and holds an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Coventry, awarded in 2010.

Lancashire Constabulary
Lancashire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the ceremonial county of Lancashire in North West England. The force's headquarters are at Hutton, near the city of Preston. As of September 2020, the force has 3,088 police officers, 190 special constables, and 280 police community support officers (PCSO), 300 police support volunteers (PSV), and 2,287 staff.
Aspergillus calidoustus
Aspergillus calidoustus is a species of fungus in the section Ustus, which grows at 37 °C (formerly called A. ustus, a species that fails to grow at 37 °C) and exhibits high minimal inhibitory concentrations to azoles.  It is considered an agent of opportunistic infection.

Azole
Azoles are a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom and at least one other non-carbon atom (i.e. nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen) as part of the ring. Their names originate from the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature. The parent compounds are aromatic and have two double bonds; there are successively reduced analogs (azolines and azolidines) with fewer. One, and only one, lone pair of electrons from each heteroatom in the ring is part of the aromatic bonding in an azole. Names of azoles maintain the prefix upon reduction (e.g., pyrazoline, pyrazolidine). The numbering of ring atoms in azoles starts with the heteroatom that is not part of a double bond, and then proceeds towards the other heteroatom.

Imidazole and other five-membered aromatic heterocyclic systems with two nitrogens are extremely common in nature and form the core of many biomolecules, such as histidine.
Amigoni
Amigoni is an Italian surname from Lombardy, ultimately from Latin amīcus 'friend'. Notable people with the surname include:

Caterina Amigoni Castellini (fl. 1747–1773), Italian pastellist

Jacopo Amigoni (1682–1752), Italian late-Baroque/Rococo painter

Ottavio Amigoni (1606–1661), Italian Baroque painter

Ottavio Amigoni
Ottavio Amigoni (16 October 1606 – 28 October 1661) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Brescia. He was trained by Antonio Gandini. Among his masterpieces is a large fresco about the life of Sant'Alberto (c. 1640) in the Carmelite church of Brescia, painted with Gandino's son, Bernardino.
Heinz Plank
Heinz Plank, born 13 October 1945 in Bad Elster, Vogtlandkreis, Saxony, is a German painter, draughtsman and graphic artist. He studied under Wolfgang Mattheuer and Werner Tübke at the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig from 1967 to 1972. He is associated with the middle generation of the Leipzig School. His paintings use a mixture of traditional elements and modern abstraction. They have a recurring sense of bitterness and apocalypse.

Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
The Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst (HGB) or Academy of Fine Arts Leipzig is one of the oldest art schools in Germany, dating back to 1764.

The academy has four colleges specializing in fine arts, graphic design, photography and new media art with around 500 students.

It is the home of two notable modern-art movements, the so-called Leipzig School and New Leipzig School.
St John's Cathedral (Hong Kong)
The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Evangelist is the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Hong Kong Island, and mother church to the Province of Hong Kong and Macao. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Hong Kong and the Bishop of Hong Kong Island.

At Garden Road, Central, the cathedral is located in a central location, surrounded by the Bank of China Tower, Cheung Kong Center, HSBC Main Building, Court of Final Appeal Building, Former Central Government Offices, and the Former French Mission Building.

St John's Cathedral is one of the five cathedrals in Hong Kong. The others are Holy Trinity Cathedral (Anglican), All Saints’ Cathedral (Anglican), St Luke Orthodox Cathedral (Eastern Orthodox), and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic).

Eastern Orthodox Metropolis of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia
The Metropolis of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (Chinese: 正教會普世宗主教聖統香港及東南亞都主教教區) is a

metropolis or archeparchy
of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and is equivalent to an archdiocese in the Catholic Church. Centered on the city of Hong Kong, it has jurisdiction over Eastern Orthodox Christians in Hong Kong, Macao, China, Taiwan, Mongolia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. It was established in November 1996 by the Holy Great Synod of Constantinople. The incumbent metropolitan is Nektarios Tsilis.
1984 Congoleum Classic – Doubles
Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramírez were the defending champions but only Gottfried competed that year with Victor Amaya.

Amaya and Gottfried lost in the second round to Martin Davis and Chris Dunk.

Bernard Mitton and Butch Walts won in the final 5–7, 6–3, 6–2 against Scott Davis and Ferdi Taygan.

Ferdi Taygan
Ferdi Taygan (born December 5, 1956) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. He is of Turkish descent.

Taygan enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career, he won 19 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 20 times. Partnering with Sherwood Stewart, Taygan won the 1982 French Open  doubles title. He achieved a career-high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 4. Taygan was also ranked the No. 1 team in the world with Sherwood Stewart and was the No. 2 doubles player in the Volvo Grand Prix final rankings in 1982.
Roxy Astor
Tracee Leigh Meltzer (née Phelps) (born October 23, 1962), best known as Roxy Astor, is an American actress, wrestler, children's fashion designer and hairstylist. She wrestled as one half of the tag team duo The Park Avenue Knockouts on G.L.O.W.: Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling. She wrestled on G.L.O.W. for seasons 3 and 4.

GLOW: The Story of the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling
GLOW: The Story of the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling is a documentary film about professional wrestling. Released in 2012, it tells the story of the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling (abbreviated G.L.O.W. or GLOW), a women's wrestling promotion. GLOW staged live events that were filmed and then shown on American television for four seasons in the late 1980s. The documentary includes footage from the TV series, combined with then-recent interviews of some of the participants.

The film was directed by Brett Whitcomb and written by Bradford Thomason. It premiered on April 27, 2012, at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.  It won the Best Documentary award at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con film festival.  It was released on DVD in the United States on March 26, 2013. It became available for streaming on Netflix on April 1, 2017.
Hamdan Al-Hamdan
Hamdan Al-Hamdan (Arabic: حمدان الحمدان; born 2 December 1984) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a midfielder .

He played for many years for Al-Fateh, with whom he won the 2012–13 Saudi Professional League title. Internationally, he has two senior appearances for the Saudi Arabia national team.

Saudi Super Cup
The Saudi Super Cup is an annual super cup competition in Saudi Arabian football. Established in 2013 as a match between two teams, the format was expanded in 2022 to include four teams: the winners and runners-up of both the Saudi Pro League and the King's Cup.
Charlotte E. Carr
Charlotte Elizabeth Carr (May 3, 1890 – July 12, 1956) was an American labor activist and state official. She was appointed Pennsylvania's Secretary of Labor and Industry in 1933. She was the head resident at Chicago's Hull House from 1937 to 1942.

Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry
The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry is a cabinet-level agency in the Government of Pennsylvania. The agency is charged with the task of overseeing the health and safety of workers, enforcement of the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code, vocational rehabilitation for people with disabilities, and administration of unemployment benefits and Workers' compensation.
Saratoga Springs City School District
The Saratoga Springs City School District is the public school district of Saratoga Springs, New York. The district is an independent public entity. It is governed by the  Saratoga Springs City School District Board of Education, whose members are elected in non-partisan elections for staggered, three-year terms. The board selects a superintendent, who is the district's chief administrative official. The district's offices are located in the former Junior High building on 3 Blue Streak Boulevard, next to the high school.

The district has six elementary schools, one middle school, and one comprehensive high school serving about 6,400 students. As of 2015, it spends an average of $16,161 per pupil and has a student to teacher ratio of 14.3 (the national averages are $12,435 and 15.3 respectively).

The district serves students from the city of Saratoga Springs and the Saratoga County towns of Milton, Wilton, Malta, Greenfield and Saratoga.

Wilton, New York
Wilton is a town in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 17,361 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Wilton is in the northeastern part of the county, northeast of Saratoga Springs, which it borders. The town is a local economic hub, and hosts much suburban development, especially compared to its neighboring towns.
ANTEX-M
ANTEX-M (Portuguese: Aeronave Não Tripulada Experimental – Militar, Military Experimental Unmanned Aircraft) is a family of small- and medium-sized experimental unmanned aerial vehicles developed by the Portuguese Air Force in partnership with several universities and institutes. The development program is part of the PITVANT program and is funded by the Portuguese National Defense Ministry until 2015.

The objective of the ANTEX-M is not to develop a fully operational UAV system to execute PoAF missions but to demonstrate aeronautical technology and support research and development projects of the Portuguese Air Force Academy and other academic and industrial partners.

Experimental aircraft
An Experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts.

The term research aircraft or testbed aircraft, by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, such as weather research or geophysical surveying, similar to a research vessel.

The term "experimental aircraft" also has specific legal meaning in Australia, the United States and some other countries; usually used to refer to aircraft flown with an experimental certificate. In the United States, this also includes most homebuilt aircraft, many of which are based on conventional designs and hence are experimental only in name because of certain restrictions in operation.
Bentinck, Derbyshire
Bentinck is a village in Derbyshire, England. Located north of Bolsover, it consists of two rows of terrace houses, a park and some garages. Bentinck is near Shuttlewood and Stanfree and located on Woodthorpe Road to Mastin Moor. It is located near two motorway junctions of the M1, J29a and J30. It is also close to Chesterfield and the city of Sheffield. The main employer of the village up until a few years ago was Coalite, and before that the mining industry.

The nearest airport is Robin Hood Airport at Doncaster and the nearest train and bus stations are in Chesterfield. The village has a link via buses to Bolsover and Chesterfield. The village/hamlet was built in the 19th century to house the local miners from the colliery at Shuttlewood. There was a road which is now abandoned linking the village to the mine.

M1 motorway
The M1 motorway connects London to Leeds, where it joins the A1(M) near Aberford, to connect to Newcastle. It was the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the UK; the first motorway in the country was the Preston Bypass, which later became part of the M6.

The motorway is 193 miles (311 km) long and was constructed in four phases. Most of the motorway was opened between 1959 and 1968. The southern end was extended in 1977 and the northern end was extended in 1999.

It is also the second longest motorway in the country with the M6 motorway being the longest at 232 miles (373 km).
VK Spartak Subotica
VK Spartak Subotica is a water polo club from Subotica, Serbia. It was established in 1946, as part of the larger Spartak Subotica sports society. They were champions of Serbia in 1952, 1956 and 1958 (when Serbian league was lower-level than the federal Yugoslavian one). As of 2025–26 season, they complete in the third-tier Serbian Water Polo First A League.

Subotica
Subotica (Serbian Cyrillic: Суботица, pronounced [sǔbotitsa] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szabadka, pronounced [ˈsɒbɒtkɒ]) is a city in Central Europe and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province, following the city of Novi Sad. According to the 2022 census, the city proper has a population of 88,752, while the population of the administrative area of the city stands at 123,952 people.
Qaleh-ye Eqbal
Qaleh-ye Eqbal (Persian: قلعه اقبال, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye Eqbāl) is a village in Mizdej-e Olya Rural District, in the Central District of Farsan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 8 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
John Wandesford (Kirklington MP, died 1665)
John Wandesford (1593–1665) of Kirklington, Yorkshire was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1624 and 1665.

Wandesford was the second son of Sir George Wandesford of Kirklington and his wife Catherine Hansby of Beverley. He was the brother of Christopher Wandesford. He was educated at Cambridge University and admitted to study law at Gray's Inn on 28 February 1613.

In April 1624, Wandesford was elected Member of Parliament for Richmond, after which he was appointed consul in Aleppo. He was later elected to represent Hythe in the Short Parliament of 1640. A Royalist, he spent the Interregnum in exile in Paris, but after the Restoration of the Monarchy was finally elected again for Richmond, sitting in the Cavalier Parliament from 1662 until his death.

He died unmarried and was buried at St Andrews, Holborn on 21 January 1665.

Kirklington, North Yorkshire
Kirklington is a village in the English county of North Yorkshire close to the A1(M) motorway. Kirklington forms the major part of the civil parish of Kirklington-cum-Upsland.

The population of the parish in the 2001 UK Census was 277, 315 in the 2011 census and estimated to be 220 in 2014.
Seán Brett
Seán Brett (born 1967) is an Irish retired Gaelic footballer who played as a left corner-forward for the Tipperary senior team.

Born in Mullinahone, County Tipperary, Brett first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Tipperary minor team before later joining the under-21 and junior sides. Brett joined the senior panel during the 1989 championship.

At club level Brett played with Mullinahone.

He retired from inter-county football following the conclusion of the 1996 championship.

1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 103rd staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 14 May 1989 and ended on 17 September 1989.

Meath were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Dublin in the Leinster final.

On 17 September 1989, Cork won the championship following a 0–17 to 1–11 defeat of Mayo in the All-Ireland final. This was their 5th All-Ireland title, their first in sixteen championship seasons.

Mayo's Michael Fitzmaurice was the championship's top scorer with 0–32. Cork's Teddy McCarthy was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.
Evansville White Sox
The Evansville White Sox were a minor league baseball team based in Evansville, Indiana, that played in the Class-AA Southern League from 1966 to 1968.

The team moved to Evansville from Lynchburg, Virginia in 1966, retaining their affiliation with the Chicago White Sox. They played three seasons in Evansville before moving again, this time to Columbus, Georgia, where they became the Columbus White Sox starting in the 1969 season.

They played their home games at Bosse Field, the third-oldest professional baseball park in the United States, which opened in 1915.

Bosse Field
Bosse Field is a baseball stadium located in Evansville, Indiana, seating 5,181 people. Opened in 1915, it was the first municipally owned sports stadium in the United States and is the third-oldest ballpark still in regular use for professional baseball, surpassed only by Fenway Park (1912) in Boston and Wrigley Field (1914) in Chicago.

It is the home field of the Evansville Otters of the Frontier League (FL), as well as high school and American Legion games, and in the past hosted spring training for the Detroit Tigers, college baseball, high school, college, and NFL football, college soccer, and concerts. Six Baseball Hall of Fame members played for Evansville teams at Bosse Field during their minor league careers, including Chuck Klein, Hank Greenberg, Warren Spahn, Bob Uecker, Bert Blyleven and Jack Morris. The historic stadium was also used in 1991 by Columbia Pictures for filming numerous game scenes in the 1992 comedy-drama, A League of Their Own.