hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe
King Frederick William Koko, Mingi VIII of Nembe (1853–1898), known as King Koko and King William Koko, was an African ruler of the Nembe Kingdom (also known as Nembe-Brass) in the Niger Delta, now part of southern Nigeria.

A Christian when chosen as king of Nembe in 1889, Koko's attack on a Royal Niger Company trading post in January 1895 led to a retaliatory raid by the British in which his capital was sacked. Following a report on the Nembe uprising by Sir John Kirk which was published in 1896, finding that 43 of Koko's hostages had been murdered and ceremoniously eaten, Koko was offered a settlement of his grievances but found the terms unacceptable, so was deposed by the British. He died in exile in 1898.

Niger Delta
The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical zone, one state (Ondo) from South West geopolitical zone and two states (Abia and Imo) from South East geopolitical zone.

The Niger Delta is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil. The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893, when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate.

The delta is a petroleum-rich region and has been the center of international concern over extensive pollution which is often used as an example of ecocide. The principal cause is major oil spills by multinational corporations of the petroleum industry.
Draco (physician)
Draco (or Dracon, Greek: Δράκον) was the name of several physicians in the family of Hippocrates.

Draco I. Lived 5th to 4th centuries BC, was the son of Hippocrates, the famous physician (Hippocrates II). He was the brother of Thessalus. Galen tells us that some of the writings of Hippocrates was attributed to his son Draco.

Draco II. According to the Suda, the son of Thessalus and grandson of Hippocrates II. He was the father of Hippocrates IV, and would have been the brother of Hippocrates III. He would have lived in the 4th century BC.

Draco III. According to the Suda, the son of Hippocrates IV.

There may, however, be some confusion in the Suda, and it is possible that these three physicians are not all distinct persons.

Suda
The Suda or Souda (/ˈsuːdə/; Medieval Greek: Σοῦδα Soûda [ˈsuða]; Latin: Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas (Σουίδας). It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.
Splatterpunk
Splatterpunk is a movement within horror fiction originating in the 1980s, distinguished by its graphic, often gory, depiction of violence, countercultural alignment and "hyperintensive horror with no limits." The term was coined in 1986 by David J. Schow at the Twelfth World Fantasy Convention in Providence, Rhode Island. Splatterpunk is regarded as a revolt against the "traditional, meekly suggestive horror story". Splatterpunk has been defined as a "literary genre characterised by graphically described scenes of an extremely gory nature."

Counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior are opposed to those of the current mainstream society, and sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.

Prominent examples of countercultures in the Western world include the Levellers (1645–1650), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), and the globalized counterculture of the 1960s which in the United States consisted primarily of Hippies and Flower Children (c. 1965–1973, peaking in 1967–1970). Regarding  this last  group, when referring to themselves, counterculture will usually be capitalized and is often hyphenated as: Counter-Culture or Counter-culture.
Julius I Kán
Julius (I) from the kindred Kán (Hungarian: Kán nembeli (I.) Gyula; died 1237) was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Emeric, Ladislaus III and Andrew II. He was the ancestor of the gens Kán which originated from Baranya County.

Bács-Bodrog County
Bács-Bodrog County (Hungarian: Bács-Bodrog vármegye, German: Komitat Batsch-Bodrog, Serbian: Бачко-бодрошка жупанија, romanized: Bačko-bodroška županija) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1802 to 1920. Most of its territory is currently part of Serbia, while a smaller part belongs to Hungary. The capital of the county was Zombor (present-day Sombor).
Vivienne Parry
Vivienne Mary Hunt Parry OBE (born Vivienne Mary Hunt Mills on 4 June 1956 in Portsmouth) is a British science journalist and author, currently employed as head of engagement at Genomics England. She is most well known for presenting BBC Television science programme Tomorrow's World and Panorama. She is also a regular contributor to The Guardian newspaper's online presence.

Genomics England
Genomics England is a company wholly owned by the United Kingdom's Department of Health and Social Care. Established in 2013, it was tasked with delivering the 100,000 Genomes Project, a pioneering initiative that sequenced 100,000 genomes from approximately 85,000 National Health Service patients affected by rare conditions and cancers. This project paved the way for the NHS to incorporate genomic medicine into routine care through the NHS Genomic Medicine Service.

In March 2024, Dr. Rich Scott was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Genomics England, having first joined the organisation in 2015.
L'aurora delle trans cattive
L’aurora delle trans cattive is a book written by Porpora Marcasciano, published by éditions Alegre in February 2018. The book features a preface by Stefania Voli, researcher at University of Milan-Bicocca, and published by Amnesty International. It is also used as a textbook in the University of Turin course on the History of Homosexuality.

University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.
Justice Duel
Justice Duel is a platform game developed and published by Mega Cat Studios. It was released on the Nintendo Entertainment System in 2017. Players battle one another while riding cybernetically enhanced eagles. The game plays similarly to Joust.

Mega Cat Studios
Mega Cat Studios is an American video game development and publishing company located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 2015 by James Deighan, Nick Mann, and Zack Manko.

Mega Cat develops and publishes games for computers, consoles, virtual reality, and physical copy games for video game consoles, such as the Sega Genesis and the Nintendo Entertainment System. The company also publishes physical releases for other retro developers, such as Old Towers by Retrosouls.
Monomial conjecture
In commutative algebra, a field of mathematics, the monomial conjecture of Melvin Hochster says the following:

Let A be a Noetherian local ring of Krull dimension d and let x1, ..., xd be a system of parameters for A (so that A/(x1, ..., xd) is an Artinian ring). Then for all positive integers t, we have

The statement can be relatively easily shown in characteristic zero.

Local ring
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, local rings are certain rings that are comparatively simple, and serve to describe what is called "local behaviour", in the sense of functions defined on algebraic varieties or manifolds, or of algebraic number fields examined at a particular place, or prime. Local algebra is the branch of commutative algebra that studies commutative local rings and their modules.

In practice, a commutative local ring often arises as the result of the localization of a ring at a prime ideal.

The concept of local rings was introduced by Wolfgang Krull in 1938 under the name Stellenringe.  The English term local ring is due to Zariski.
Band of Gold (album)
Band of Gold is the third studio album by Freda Payne. Her first for Invictus Records, it was released in 1970. The title track became an instant smash on the Pop charts in the US and the UK. Other hits included "Unhooked Generation" (released before "Band of Gold") and "Deeper and Deeper". The tenth track was written by Payne's younger sister, Scherrie Payne. Cover versions include Gary Puckett and the Union Gap's hit "This Girl Is a Woman Now" and Andy Williams' hit "Happy Heart".

The album peaked at No. 60 on the Billboard 200. "Band of Gold" reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart. It, and "Deeper and Deeper", have sold more than a million copies worldwide.

Andy Williams
Howard Andrew Williams (December 3, 1927 – September 25, 2012) was an American singer. He recorded 43 albums in his career, of which 15 have been gold certified and three platinum certified. He was also nominated for six Grammy Awards. He hosted the Andy Williams Show, a television variety show, from 1962 to 1971, along with numerous TV specials. The Andy Williams Show won three Emmy Awards. He sold more than 45 million records worldwide, including more than 10 million certified units in the United States.

Williams was active in the music industry for over 70 years until his death in September 2012 from bladder cancer, at the age of 84.
Mu Lupi
Mu Lupi (μ Lup) is a system of three confirmed stars and one brown dwarf in the southern constellation of Lupus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.29 and lies roughly 340 light-years from the Sun.

Two of the components of this system, A and B, form a pair with an angular separation of 1.657 arcseconds. An orbital solution gives an orbital period of 772 years. Component C, an A-type main-sequence star, lies at an angular separation of 23.3 arcseconds from the AB pair, and is itself a binary with an orbital period of 12.35 days. Its companion has a mass of 0.05 M☉, too low to fuse hydrogen, and thus it is considered a brown dwarf. A fifth component, not confirmed to be a physical companion, lies at an angular separation of 6.10 arcseconds from component AB, and with a mass of 0.05 M☉ is also a brown dwarf.

Glossary of astronomy
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.
Salomon BIG
The Salomon Broad Investment Grade Index (known as the Salomon BIG or Citigroup BIG) is a common American Bond index, akin to the S&P 500 for stocks, originally owned by Salomon Brothers, run by its successor, Citigroup and now by FTSE Russell. The BIG is generally used for managing broad debt portfolios from short to long-dated maturities, similar to the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index ("Agg") or the Merrill Lynch Domestic Master.

The BIG includes treasuries, agency debt, corporates, non-corporate credit, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities (ABS). Unlike the Agg, it includes 144As, but unlike the Agg, it does not include municipals or commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS). Like the Agg, the BIG does not include any inflation-indexed bonds, and is limited to investment grade securities, including no high-yield debt or emerging market debt.

Bond credit rating
In investment, the bond credit rating represents the creditworthiness of corporate or government bonds. The ratings are published by credit rating agencies and used by investment professionals to assess the likelihood the debt will be repaid.
Sommet de Finiels
The Sommet de Finiels (Occitan: Cim de Finiels) (1,699 m) is the highest point of Mont Lozère, a mountain range extending from Florac to Villefort in an east–west direction, and from Bleymard to Pont-de-Monvert in a north–south direction.

Le Bleymard
Le Bleymard (French pronunciation: [lə blemaʁ]; Occitan: Lo Blumar) is a former commune in the Lozère department in southern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mont Lozère et Goulet.

The Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson ate in the village on the evening of 28 September 1878 before camping nearby, as recounted in his book Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes. The Robert Louis Stevenson Trail (GR 70), a popular long-distance path following Stevenson's approximate route, runs through the village, and a three-day "Festival Stevenson" is held in the area annually. The nearby Mont Lozère is a ski resort.
Bob Guccione
Robert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini Guccione (/ɡuːtʃiˈoʊni/ goo-chee-OH-nee; December 17, 1930 – October 20, 2010) was an American visual artist, photographer and publisher. He founded the adult magazine Penthouse in 1965. This was aimed at competing with Playboy, but with more explicit erotic content, a special style of soft focus photography, and in-depth reporting of government corruption scandals and the art world. By 1982 Guccione was listed in the Forbes 400 wealth list, and owned one of the biggest mansions in Manhattan. However, he made some extravagant investments that failed, and the growth of free online pornography in the 1990s greatly diminished his market. In 2003, Guccione's publishers filed for bankruptcy and he resigned as chairman.

Forbes 400
The Forbes 400 or 400 Richest Americans is a list published by Forbes magazine of the wealthiest 400 American citizens who own assets in the U.S., ranked by net worth. The 400 was started by Malcolm Forbes in 1982 and the list is published annually around September. Peter W. Bernstein and Annalyn Swan describe the Forbes 400 as capturing "a period of extraordinary individual and entrepreneurial energy, a time unlike the extended postwar years, from 1945 to 1982, when American society emphasized the power of corporations." Bernstein and Swan also describe it as representing "a powerful argument – and sometimes a dream – about the social value of wealth in contemporary America."

Since 2014, Forbes has published a "self-made score" alongside the list, indicating the degree to which each Forbes 400 member is responsible for their own wealth.
Eichner
Eichner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adelheid Maria Eichner (1762–1787), German composer

Alfred S. Eichner (1937–1988), American economist

Billy Eichner (born 1978), American comedian and actor

Clare Eichner (born 1969), American long-distance runner

Christian Eichner (born 1982), German football player

Ernst Eichner (1740-1777), German bassoonist and composer

Florian Eichner (born 1985), German rower

Henry M. Eichner (1909–1971), American non-fiction writer

Ian Bruce Eichner (born 1945), American real estate developer

Philip K. Eichner, American priest

Sylvia Eichner (born 1957), German swimmer

Adelheid Maria Eichner
Adelheid Maria Eichner (1762–1787) was a German composer, singer and pianist who was noted during her brief lifetime for her fine three-octave singing voice and vocal technique. She was the only child of bassoonist and composer Ernst Eichner and his wife, Maria Magdalena Ritter. Critics claim her compositions to be more effective instrumentally than vocally. As a composer, Adelheid Eichner had difficulty combining words and music effectively.
Dunlop Sport
Dunlop Sport is a British sports equipment manufacturing company established in 1910 that focuses on racquets and water sports, more specifically tennis, swimming, squash, padel and badminton. Products by Dunlop Sport include racquets, strings, balls, shuttlecocks, and bags. Sportswear and clothing line includes t-shirts, shorts, skirts, jackets, pants, socks, caps, sneakers, and wristbands.

Dunlop Sport is operated by SRI Sports, a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sumitomo Rubber Industries, which acquired the Dunlop brand in 2017.

In the past, Dunlop also manufactured golf equipment.

Tennis ball
A tennis ball is a small, hollow ball used in games of tennis and real tennis. Tennis balls are fluorescent yellow in professional competitions, but in recreational play other colors are also used. Tennis balls are covered in a fibrous felt, which modifies their aerodynamic properties, and each has a white curvilinear oval covering it.
B. Sundaram
B. Sundaram was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Tiruppattur constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1977, 1980, and 1989 elections.

1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The ninth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 21 January 1989. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won the election and its leader M. Karunanidhi became the Chief Minister. It was his third term in office. The DMK was in power only for a short term, as it was dismissed on 31 January 1991 by the Indian Prime minister Chandra Shekhar using Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.
Víctor Bó
Víctor Bó (born 8 April 1943) is an Argentine retired actor and film producer. He is the son of classic actor and director Armando Bó, who directed Bó Junior in several films in which he co-starred with his father's muse, Isabel Sarli. He is also the father and uncle of filmmakers and Academy Award Winners for Best Original Screenplay Armando Bo and Nicolás Giacobone, respectively.

Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award (also known as an Oscar) for the best screenplay not based upon previously published material; writers with "written by", "screenplay" or "story" credits are all collectively recognized as recipients for each nomination.

The category was created in 1940, and has always existed concurrently with the Best Adapted Screenplay category (conversely for films based on pre-existing intellectual properties); originally, it also co-existed with a third writing category, Best Story, which had been active since the original Academy Awards ceremony in 1929; this latter award was meant to reward specifically writers who originated a film's plot and characters rather than those who wrote the dialogue and final screenplay, although Best Story would later be merged into Best Original Screenplay in 1956.
Stamatis Kourkoulos-Arditis
Stamatis Kourkoulos-Arditis (Greek: Σταμάτης Κούρκουλος-Αρδίτης, born 7 June 1998) is a Greek chess grandmaster. He is the 3rd ranked best player in Greece and his highest rating is 2592 (in December 2025). He grew up in Kallithea.

He won the 2019, 2023, and 2024 Greek Championship.

In 2020, he won the 13th Paleochora Open with a score of 7.5/9

He beat GM Maxime Lagarde in round 9 of the 2019 European Championship, achieving the final score of 6/11.

Kourkoulos-Arditis became a FIDE Master in 2014, an International Master (IM) in 2018, and a grandmaster (GM) in 2023.

Kallithea
Kallithea (Greek: Καλλιθέα, meaning "beautiful view") is a suburb in Athens agglomeration and a municipality in south Athens regional unit. It is the eighth largest municipality in Greece (97,616 inhabitants, 2021 census), as well as the fourth biggest in the Athens urban area (following municipalities of Athens, Piraeus, and Peristeri). Additionally, it is the 2nd most densely populated municipality in Greece and one of the most densely populated cities in the world, with 20,240/km2 (52,400/sq mi). The municipality has an area of 4.749 km2 (1.834 sq mi).
The Tenor Scene
The Tenor Scene (also released as The Breakfast Show) is a live album by saxophonists Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded at Minton's Playhouse in 1961 and released on the Prestige label.

Minton's Playhouse
Minton's Playhouse is a jazz club and bar located on the first floor of the Cecil Hotel at 210 West 118th Street in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. It is a registered trademark of Housing and Services, Inc., a New York City nonprofit provider of supportive housing. The door to the club is at 206 West 118th Street and is marked by a small plaque. Minton's was founded by tenor saxophonist Henry Minton in 1938. Minton's is known for its role in the development of modern jazz, particularly bebop. Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, Kenny Clarke, Charlie Christian, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie pioneered be-bop in the club's jam sessions in the early 1940s. Minton's thrived for three decades until its decline near the end of the 1960s, and it eventually closed in 1974. After being closed for more than 30 years, the newly remodeled club reopened on May 19, 2006, under the name Uptown Lounge at Minton's Playhouse. Minton's operated until 2010, before re-opening as Minton's Playhouse in 2013.
Shu Jianming
Shu Jianming (Chinese: 舒建明; born 16 June 1990 in Xichang, Sichuan) is a Chinese slalom canoeist who has competed since 2008. He finished 14th in the C1 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Canoeing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom C-1
The men's canoe slalom C-1 competition at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place between 7 and 9 August at the Olympic Whitewater Stadium.

The gold medal was won by Denis Gargaud Chanut of France.
Claudia Letizia
Claudia Letizia also known as Lady Letizia (born 1979 in Pompei) is an Italian actress, dancer, television and radio hostess and singer. She is known for having participated in the twelfth series of the reality show Grande Fratello, the Italian version of Big Brother.

Radio Kiss Kiss
Radio Kiss Kiss is an Italian commercial radio station and one of the first radio station aired from Naples.
Based in Naples, with two offices, in Rome and Milan, this radio station is devoted to soul, funk and disco music.
Sampling in order
In statistics, some Monte Carlo methods require independent observations in a sample to be drawn from a one-dimensional distribution in sorted order. In other words, all n order statistics are needed from the n observations in a sample. The naive method performs a sort and takes O(n log n) time. There are also O(n) algorithms which are better suited for large n. The special case of drawing n sorted observations from the uniform distribution on [0,1] is equivalent to drawing from the uniform distribution on an n-dimensional simplex; this task is a part of sequential importance resampling.

Continuous uniform distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the continuous uniform distributions or rectangular distributions are a family of symmetric probability distributions. Such a distribution describes an experiment where there is an arbitrary outcome that lies between certain bounds. The bounds are defined by the parameters,  and  which are the minimum and maximum values. The interval can either be closed (i.e. ) or open (i.e. ). Therefore, the distribution is often abbreviated  where  stands for uniform distribution. The difference between the bounds defines the interval length; all intervals of the same length on the distribution's support are equally probable. It is the maximum entropy probability distribution for a random variable  under no constraint other than that it is contained in the distribution's support.