hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ognon Aqueduct
The Ognon Aqueduct is one of several aqueducts on the Canal du Midi.  It was built in 1826-27 to replace the troublesome level crossing of the Ognon River.

The seemingly little Ognon River which normally trickles underneath the canal can, in the event of a cloudburst in the hills, can swell to such an extent that it floods the canal.  The lock keeper then has to close the floodgate preventing through navigation until the floods subside.

Lock keeper
A lock keeper, lock tender, or lock operator looks after a canal or river lock, operating it and if necessary maintaining it or organizing its maintenance. Traditionally, lock keepers lived on-site, often in small purpose-built cottages. A lock keeper may also be the operator for the lock's weir and, in many cases lock keepers play an important role in moderating and controlling water levels in response to drought and heavy rain. With the decline in commercial traffic the occupation is dying out on inland waterways, at least in Britain. Many previously staffed locks are now unstaffed. At large locks on large rivers, several locktenders report to the lockmaster, the manager in charge.
Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub
Ahmad Jazlan bin Yaakub (Jawi: أحمد جزلان يعقوب; born 30 August 1964) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Chairman of the FELCRA Berhad for the second term since March 2023 and first term from October 2021 to December 2022. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Machang from May 2013 to November 2022, Deputy Minister of Rural and Regional Development II in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Najib Razak and former Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob from July 2015 to the collapse of the BN administration in May 2018, Chairman of Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) from April 2020 to his resignation in January 2021 and Chairman of the National Kenaf and Tobacco Board (LKTN) from February to October 2015. He is a member, State Chairman of Kelantan and Division Chief of Machang of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Machang (federal constituency)
Machang is a federal constituency in Machang District, Kelantan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Filmtec Corporation
FilmTec Corporation was a US company established in Minnesota in 1977 that specialized in manufacturing the then new thin-film composite membranes used in water treatment applications. In August 1984, the company was acquired by Dow Chemical Company forming its Dow Water & Process Solutions business unit. In August 2017, FilmTec Corporation moved to DowDuPont, the company resulting from the merger of Dow and DuPont. On 2019, after the spin-offs of Dow and Corteva, FilmTec remained now part of DuPont Water Solutions, which is currently among the world's main membrane manufacturers.

Corteva
Corteva, Inc. (also known as Corteva Agriscience) is an American company devoted to products for seeds and crop protection, including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and biologicals (natural herbicides) that are sold in 110 countries.  The company's name combines "cor" (Latin for "heart") with "teva" (the Hebrew word for nature). It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. Corteva sells a large portion of their seeds under the Pioneer Hi-Bred International brand.
Count of Anadia
Count of Anadia is a noble title created by Dom João, Prince Regent for Dona Maria I of Portugal, by decree of 17 December 1808, in favour of João Rodrigues de Sá e Melo, previously the 1st Viscount of Anadia.

Mangualde
Mangualde (European Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐ̃ˈɡwaldɨ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the subregion of Dão-Lafões (historical Beira Interior), central region of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 19,880, in an area of 219.26 km2.
1988 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
This is a list of the 1988 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates. 52 players earned their 1989 PGA Tour card through Q-School in 1988. The tournament was played over 108 holes at the PGA West (Nicklaus Resort course) and La Quinta Hotel Golf Club (Dunes course), in La Quinta, California. Those earning cards split the $100,000 purse, with the winner earning $15,000.

Sources:

La Quinta, California
La Quinta (Spanish for "the country villa")  is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States. Located between Indian Wells and Indio, it is one of the nine cities of the Coachella Valley. The population was 37,558 at the 2020 census, up from 37,467 at the 2010 census.

Golf courses include La Quinta Resort and Club, a resort dating to 1926, where director Frank Capra wrote the screenplay for Lost Horizon, and SilverRock Golf Resort, a host golf courses for the annual Bob Hope Chrysler Classic PGA golf tournament.
Battle of San Francisco de Macoris
The Battle of San Francisco de Macoris took place on 29 November 1916 during the early stages of the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.  Dominican forces in San Francisco de Macoris had refused to lay down their arms and had taken control of the local fortress.  This was in direct violation of the terms imposed by the military government installed by the United States.  A small squad of Marines that were close by were able to make their way inside the fortress and surprise the defenders, securing it before any organized resistance could take place.: 269–270

San Francisco de Macorís
San Francisco de Macorís (Spanish: [saɱ fɾanˈsisko ðe makoˈɾis]) is a city in the Dominican Republic located in the northeast portion of the country, in the Cibao region. It is the capital of the Duarte Province and the sixth most populated city in the country since 2010. The name San Francisco de Macorís comes from a combination of the name of Saint Francis, patron saint of the Franciscan Order (a religious organization from Italy that had come to this territory during colonization) and the territory's old name, which is Macorix.

The city is known as the Land of Cacao ("Tierra del Cacao"). The area produces large quantities of organic cocoa, making the Dominican Republic the world's 10th largest producer of cocoa beans.
Larry O'Malley
Larry 'Jersey' O'Malley (1883–1967) was a pioneer Australian rugby league player for the Eastern Suburbs club. He was the fifth Australian rugby league captain and the second from the Eastern Suburbs Club.

Before switching codes and joining the Eastern Suburbs club in rugby league's foundation year, 1908, O'Malley played rugby union firstly for the East Borough and then the Sydney Rugby Union Clubs in 1906-07

Kangaroo Tour
Kangaroo Tour is the name given to Australia national rugby league team tours of Great Britain and France, tours to New Zealand and the one-off tour to Papua New Guinea (1991). The first Kangaroo Tour was in 1908. Traditionally, Kangaroo Tours took place every four years and involved a three-Test Ashes series against Great Britain (sometimes called Northern Union or The Lions) and a number of tour matches. The 1911/12 and 1921/22 tours were by the Australasian Kangaroos as both teams included New Zealand players. Some Kangaroo tours to Great Britain and France also included international friendly matches against Wales, though these games were not given test match status.

The last full Kangaroo Tour was in 1994, although shortened Kangaroo Tours took place in 2001 and again in 2003.

Since 1954, the Kangaroos have also made a number of overseas tours for multi-team tournaments such as the World Cup, Tri-Nations and Four Nations, however these are not classed as Kangaroo tours.
Log reduction
Log reduction is a measure of how thoroughly a decontamination process reduces the concentration of a contaminant. 
It is defined as the common logarithm of the ratio of the levels of contamination before and after the process, so an increment of 1 corresponds to a reduction in concentration by a factor of 10.
In general, an n-log reduction means that the concentration of remaining contaminants is only 10−n times that of the original. So for example, a 0-log reduction is no reduction at all, while a 1-log reduction corresponds to a reduction of 90 percent from the original concentration, and a 2-log reduction corresponds to a reduction of 99 percent from the original concentration.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Making Babies (2001 film)
Making Babies (Swedish title: Hans och hennes) is a Swedish film from 2001, directed by Daniel Lind Lagerlöf.

Johan and Anna-Karin live somewhere in the countryside. Despite attempts, Anna-Karin can't get pregnant and the relationship with Johan is suffering because he never shoots.

2001 in film
The year 2001 in film involved some significant events, including the first installments of the Harry Potter, Fast & Furious, Spy Kids, Monsters, Inc. and Shrek franchises, and The Lord of the Rings and Ocean's trilogies. Significant non-English language films released included Monsoon Wedding, Amélie and Spirited Away. There was one film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, that passed over $1 billion in a re-release of 2020.

The inaugural entries of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film franchises prompted a shift in both the film and literary communities by propelling fantasy into mainstream culture, popularising young adult novels, and reforming the blockbuster to promote film franchises and cater to fandom communities.
Cothelas
Cothelas (Ancient Greek: Κοθήλας), also known as Gudila (fl. 4th century BC), was a king of the Getae who ruled an area near the Black Sea, between northern Thrace and the Danube. His polity also included the important port of Odessos. Around 341 BC, he concluded a treaty with Macedonian king Philip II, becoming his vassal. This relation was further cemented when Cothelas' daughter, Meda of Odessos, became one of the Macedonian king's wives.
The tomb of Cothelas is probably at the Getic burial complex near the present day Bulgarian village of Sveshtari, in North-Eastern Bulgaria.

A person by the name of Gudila is also mentioned in the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: AD 395–527.

Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe and elsewhere. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.

In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) is sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
USS Kwajalein
USS Kwajalein (CVE-98) was the forty-fourth of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was named after the Battle of Kwajalein, in which American forces captured Kwajalein Atoll. The ship was launched in May 1944, commissioned in June, and served in support of the Philippines campaign. Later in the war, she served as a replenishment carrier, during which she was damaged by Typhoon Cobra. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet, repatriating U.S. servicemen from throughout the Pacific. She was decommissioned in May 1946, when she was mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Ultimately, she was sold for scrapping in January 1961.

Battle of Kwajalein
The Battle of Kwajalein was fought as part of the Pacific campaign of World War II. It took place 31 January – 3 February 1944, on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Employing learned lessons of the Battle of Tarawa, the United States launched a successful twin assault on the main islands of Kwajalein in the south and Roi-Namur in the north. The Japanese defenders put up stiff resistance, although outnumbered and under-prepared. The determined defense of Roi-Namur left only 51 survivors of an original garrison of 3,500.

For the US, the battle represented both the next step in its island-hopping march to Japan and a significant morale victory because it was the first time the Americans had penetrated the "outer ring" of the Japanese Pacific sphere. For the Japanese, the battle represented the failure of the beach-line defense. Japanese defenses became prepared in depth, and the Battles of Peleliu, Guam, and the Marianas proved far more costly to the US.
Jack Kirwan (rugby league)
John Patrick Kirwan (31 March 1896 – 20 October 1968), more commonly known as "Jack Kirwan", was a rugby union and rugby league player. He represented the Hawke's Bay province and Auckland in rugby union before switching to rugby league in 1924. He was selected for the New Zealand team in 1925 becoming Kiwi number 174 in the process. His grandson was also named John Kirwan and he went on to become a famous All Black in the 1980s and 90s before also switching to rugby league.

Wellington Rugby Football Union
The Wellington Rugby Football Union (known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region. The main stadium is Sky Stadium (formerly named Westpac Stadium) which is located in Wellington. The union also represents the Wellington Lions, which is professional rugby union team who compete in the National Provincial Championship competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield. Before 2006 the Lions competed in the original National Provincial Championship.
David Quinn (writer)
David Quinn is an American comic book writer, known for writing and co-creating Faust alongside artist Tim Vigil. The series's main storyline, Faust: Love of the Damned, was adapted by director Brian Yuzna as the 2001 film of the same name. A spin-off mini-series, Faust: Book of M, was nominated for the 1999 Bram Stoker Award for Best Illustrated Narrative.

Among other comic book work, Quinn has co-created and written 777: The Wrath as well as written runs on Marvel Comics's Doctor Strange and Chaos! Comics' Lady Death and Purgatori.

Glossary of comics terminology
Comics has developed specialized terminology. Several attempts have been made to formalize and define the terminology of comics by authors such as Will Eisner, Scott McCloud, R. C. Harvey and Dylan Horrocks. Much of the terminology in English is under dispute, so this page will list and describe the most common terms used in comics.
Duane Nellis
Marvin Duane Nellis (born July 26, 1954) is an American educator, university administrator, and served as the 21st president of Ohio University in Athens. He was previously the president of Texas Tech University and the University of Idaho. Nellis previously served as provost and senior vice president at Kansas State University, and dean of the Eberly College of Arts and Science at West Virginia University.

Association of Public and Land-grant Universities
The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) is a research, policy, and advocacy organization of public research universities, land-grant institutions, state university systems, and higher education organizations. It has member campuses in all of the United States as well as the District of Columbia, four U.S. territories, Canada, and Mexico.
Grey-streaked honeyeater
The grey-streaked honeyeater (Ptiloprora perstriata), also known as the black-backed honeyeater, is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae.  It is found in the New Guinea Highlands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

New Guinea Highlands
The New Guinea Highlands, also known as the Central Range or Central Cordillera, is a long chain of mountain ranges on the island of New Guinea, including the island's highest peak, Puncak Jaya, Indonesia, 16,024 ft (4,884 m), the highest mountain in Oceania. The range is home to many intermountain river valleys, many of which support thriving agricultural communities. The highlands run generally east-west the length of the island, which is divided politically between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east. These mountains stretch from the Weyland Mountains starting in Wondama Bay Regency in the west to the Milne Bay Province in the east.
Tomb and Khanqah of Khawand Tughay
The Tomb and Khanqa of Khawand Tughay (الخوند طوغاى) was built in Cairo, Egypt in 1348 by Khawand Tughay, also known as Umm Anuk (أم أنوك). It is located at the Northern Cemetery, in the City of the Dead, to the north of the Citadel of Saladin. It is a distinguished Mamluk monument not only for its architectural qualities, but also for having a woman as a patron.

Sufi lodge
A Sufi lodge is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or tariqa and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education. They include structures also known as khānaqāh, zāwiya, ribāṭ, dargāh and takya depending on the region, language and period (see § Terminology). In Shia Islam, the Husayniyya has a similar function.

The Sufi lodge is typically a large structure with a central hall and smaller rooms on either side. Traditionally, the Sufi lodge was state-sponsored housing for Sufis. Their primary function is to provide them with a space to practice social lives of asceticism. Buildings intended for public services, such as hospitals, kitchens, and lodging, are often attached to them. Sufi lodges were funded by Ayyubid sultans in Syria, Zangid sultans in Egypt, and Delhi sultans in India in return for Sufi support of their regimes.
Geawegal
Geawegal is the name for an Australian Aboriginal people who were recorded as inhabiting an area of the Hunter Valley in eastern New South Wales, north of Sydney. This identification has been recently questioned by Jim Wafer of Newcastle University, who also reconstructs the original name as Kayawaykal.

Awabakal language
Awabakal (also Awabagal or the Hunter River – Lake Macquarie, often abbreviated HRLM language) is an Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken around Lake Macquarie and Newcastle in New South Wales. The name is derived from Awaba, which was the native name of the lake. It was spoken by Awabakal and Wonnarua peoples.

It was studied by missionary Lancelot Threlkeld in the 19th century, who wrote a grammar of the language, but the spoken language had died out before 21st-century revival efforts.
Z-TER (Z 21500)
The Z-TER (Z 21500) is a French model of electric multiple unit regional passenger train, manufactured by Alstom and Bombardier Transportation, and operated by SNCF.

They are used on regional links, and can be coupled with another Z-TER. They are derived from the French diesel passenger regional train "X-TER" (X 72500), and is the first regional train to reach 200 km/h.

Their main characteristic is their ability to travel at 124.27 mph, which constitutes a first for TER self-propelled equipment. This ability, used every day over several sections of conventional lines, is also operated for the first time on a high speed line since 2017. This is a first in France, thanks to an adaptation of eight of these elements to signaling specific to LGVs, then renumbered as Z 21700.

As other regional trains, they are owned by the French regions, and are dispatched as :

19 "Pays de la Loire" region

15 "Centre" region

6 "Aquitaine" region

17 "Bretagne" region

Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Toronto and Berlin. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry, prior to being acquired by Alstom in 2021. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles, locomotives, bogies, propulsion and controls. In February 2020, the company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a division of Bombardier Inc., the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021.
Cavalier F.C.
Cavalier Football Club is a Jamaican professional football club based in the community of Mountain View in Kingston, which currently plays in the Jamaica Premier League.

The team is based in Kingston, Jamaica, and their home ground is the 3,000-capacity Stadium East Field.

CONCACAF Caribbean Cup
The CONCACAF Caribbean Cup is an international association football competition organized by CONCACAF as its top regional tournament for clubs from the Caribbean.
Beginning with the inaugural edition in 2023, the new competition serves as a qualification method for the CONCACAF Champions Cup. It is the successor of the Caribbean Club Championship which ran from 1997 to 2022.

The top three clubs from the Caribbean Cup qualify for the Champions Cup, with the winner entering the round of 16 and second and third-place finishers entering in round one.
2020 in paleomammalogy
This paleomammalogy list records new  fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2020, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during the year.

Dmanisi
Dmanisi (Georgian: დმანისი, romanized: dmanisi, pronounced [dmanisi], Azerbaijani: Başkeçid) is a town and archaeological site in the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia approximately 93 km southwest of the nation's capital Tbilisi in the river valley of Mashavera.

Abandoned in the 1700s, Bashkichet (Башкичети) was resettled in 1844 to 2000 by Russian sectarian Dukhobortsy exiled from Taurida Governorate. It was renamed Dmansi (Дманиси) from the ancient Mongol duman, meaning "military or administrative unit".

It is the site of Dmanisi Hominid Skulls, which are dated to 1.8 million years ago, making them the earliest dated human remains in Eurasia. A series of skulls which had diverse physical traits, discovered at Dmanisi in the early 2000s, led to the hypothesis that many separate species in the genus Homo were in fact a single lineage. Also known as Skull 5, D4500 is the fifth skull to be discovered in Dmanisi.