hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Velvet water bug
Velvet water bugs are members of the family Hebridae. They are semiaquatic insects that live among moss or ponds with an abundance of vegetation, in which they prey on small arthropods. Velvet water bugs are the smallest of the Gerromorpha, and have an appearance of tiny veliids. Hebrids sometimes move across water surfaces, but walk or run rather than skate or scull on the surface.

Semiaquatic
In biology, being semiaquatic refers to various macro-organisms that live regularly in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. When referring to animals, the term describes those that actively spend part of their daily time in water (in which case they can also be called amphibious), or land animals that have spent at least one life stage (e.g. as eggs or larvae) in aquatic environments. When referring to plants, the term describes land plants whose roots have adapted well to tolerate regular, prolonged submersion in water, as well as emergent and (occasionally) floating-leaved aquatic plants that are only partially immersed in water.

Examples of semiaquatic animals and plants are given below.
Baadal (1985 film)
Baadal (transl. Cloud) is a 1985 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Anand Sagar, edited by Subhash Sehgal, and stars Shammi Kapoor, Mithun Chakraborty, Poonam Dhillon, Arun Govil, Bob Christo and Shakti Kapoor.

Bob Christo
Robert John Christo, was an Australian–Indian civil engineer and actor in Hindi films. Starting with Sanjay Khan's Abdullah (1980), he went on to act in over 200 Hindi films in the 1980s and 1990s, including Qurbani (1980), Kaalia (1981), Nastik (1983), Mard (1985), Mr India (1987), Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja (1993) and Gumraah (1993), mostly playing roles as a non-Indian henchman or Army General.
Joseph M. Spiteri
Joseph M. Spiteri or Joe Spiteri (1934–2013) was a Maltese architect.

Spiteri graduated from the University of Malta in 1958. From 1956 to 1975, he worked as an architect in the Public Works Department, and later as Senior Architect with MaltConsult. In 1979 he joined the University of Malta's Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, where he taught architectural design until 2002.

Santa Luċija
Santa Luċija (English: Saint Lucia) is a village in the Southern Region of Malta, with a population of 3,623 as of January 2022. It is one of the modern towns developed in Malta during the 20th century. By virtue of an article which appeared in Government Gazette of 7 July 1961, its location is defined as the area between Tal-Barrani (Tarxien By-Pass) and Luqa By-Pass. Santa Luċija was named after a 16th-century chapel located in the vicinity.  The Parish Church is dedicated to Pope Pius X. It is home of the Chinese Garden of Serenity (a Chinese-built public garden). Located there is a hypogeum which was discovered in 1973.
Tradable sector
The tradable sector of a country's economy is made up of the industry sectors whose output in terms of goods and services are traded internationally, or could be traded internationally given a plausible variation in relative prices. Most commonly, the tradable sector consists largely of sectors of the manufacturing industry, while the non-tradable sector consists of locally-rendered services, including health, education, retail and construction.

Tradable jobs can be performed by individuals outside a country: manufacturing, consulting, engineering, finance. Non-tradable jobs can realistically only be performed by domestic workforce: government, health care, hospitality, food service, education, retail, and construction.

Industry classification
Industry classification or industry taxonomy is a type of economic taxonomy that classifies companies, organizations and traders into industrial groupings based on similar production processes, similar products, or similar behavior in financial markets.

National and international statistical agencies use various industry-classification schemes to summarize economic conditions. Securities analysts use such groupings to track common forces acting on groups of companies, to compare companies' performance to that of their peers, and to construct either specialized or diversified portfolios.
1936 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 13b
The 1936 Tour de France was the 30th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 7 July, and Stage 13b occurred on 22 July with an individual time trial to Montpellier. The race finished in Paris on 2 August.

Belfort
Belfort (French pronunciation: [bɛlfɔʁ] ⓘ; archaic German: Beffert, Beffort; Frainc-Comtou: Béfoûe) is a city in northeastern France, situated approximately 25 km (16 mi) from the Swiss border. It is the prefecture of the Territoire de Belfort.

Belfort is 400 km (250 mi) from Paris and 55 km (34 mi) from Basel. The residents of the city are called "Belfortains". The city is located on the river Savoureuse, on a strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône – the Belfort Gap (Trouée de Belfort) or Burgundian Gate (Porte de Bourgogne). It is located approximately 16 km (10 mi) south from the base of the Ballon d'Alsace mountain range, source of the Savoureuse. The city of Belfort has 46,443 inhabitants (2019). Belfort is the centre of a larger functional area (metropolitan area) with 133,597 inhabitants (2018), between the larger metropolitan areas of Mulhouse and Montbéliard.
Xylotrechus aedon
Xylotrechis aedon is a species of longhorn beetles of the family Cerambycidae. The species was described in 1903 by Karl Jordan. It is endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe, where it occurs on the island of São Tomé.

Its length is 11 millimetres (0.43 in).

Karl Jordan (zoologist, born 1861)
Heinrich Ernst Karl Jordan (7 December 1861 – 12 January 1959) was a German-British entomologist. He took a special interest in the taxonomy and classification of butterflies, beetles and fleas. Jordan was a founder of the International Congress of Entomology.
Miscue analysis
Miscue analysis was originally developed by Ken Goodman for the purpose of understanding the reading process. It is a diagnostic tool that helps researchers/teachers gain insight into the reading process.

The term "miscue" was initiated by Ken Goodman to describe an observed response in the reading process that does not match the expected response. Goodman uses the term "miscue," rather than "error" or "mistake" to avoid value implications. He states that the departures from the text are not necessarily a negative aspect of the reading process but rather "windows on the reading process" (Goodman, 1969, p. 123).

Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).

There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.
Lewis Joslyn
Lewis Danforth Joslyn (November 14, 1907 – August 29, 1980) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer who served in the Missouri General Assembly.  He served in the Missouri Senate from 1941 until 1945 and in the Missouri House of Representatives from 1935 until 1937.

Born in Charleston, Missouri, he graduated from the University of Missouri with A.B. and LL.B degrees.  He also served as prosecuting attorney of Mississippi County, Missouri.  In 1937, Joslyn married Margaret Bernice "Peggy" Gallup of Waterloo, Iowa, who died July 3, 2010, at her home in Charleston, Missouri, at age 98.

Missouri General Assembly
The Missouri General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Missouri. The bicameral General Assembly is composed of a 34-member Senate and a 163-member House of Representatives. Elections are conducted using first-past-the-post voting in single-member districts of roughly equal population. Members of both houses of the General Assembly are subject to term limits. Senators are limited to two four-year terms and representatives to four two-year terms, a total of 8 years for members of both houses. The General Assembly meets at the Missouri State Capitol in Jefferson City.

Polling from Saint Louis University showed that the General Assembly enjoyed a 45% approval rating in 2024, which was considered "relatively high" compared to other government institutions.
Oseja de Sajambre
Oseja de Sajambre (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈsexa ðe saˈxambɾe]), is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 323 inhabitants.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Arizona Interscholastic Association
The Arizona Interscholastic Association (AIA) is one of two regulatory bodies for high school athletics and activities in the U.S. state of Arizona. It comprises all of the state's public district high schools (except Ajo High School, Beaver Dam High School and Gila Bend High School), various charter and private schools, plus a full member in Winterhaven, California and an associate member in Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. The AIA has 264 members, including 262 full members (Rincon/University are one team and Bowie/San Simon are one team) and 2 associate members. Its associate members are BASIS Chandler and Colegio Gante.

The AIA is not the only high school sports regulatory body in Arizona (the Canyon Athletic Association coordinates events for smaller schools, especially charter schools), but it is the largest.

Basis Schools
BASIS Curriculum Schools, Inc. is a global network of public and private schools that use the BASIS Curriculum. BASIS Curriculum Schools are made up of BASIS Charter Schools, BASIS Independent Schools, and BASIS International Schools.
René Brejassou
René Brejassou (12 August 1929 – 13 June 2011) was a French international rugby union player.

Brejassou hailed from Aureilhan in Hautes-Pyrénées, where the local rugby stadium is named after him.

A robust forward, Brejassou physique was strengthened by his work as a coalman. He played for Stadoceste Tarbais, predominantly as a prop, and was capped 15 times for France during the early 1950s. His international appearances included France's maiden win over the All Blacks in 1954. He retired from rugby in 1958.

Brejassou operated a dance hall for a number of years.

Dance hall
Dance hall in its general meaning is a hall for dancing, but usually refers to a specific type of twentieth-century venue, with dance clubs (nightclubs) becoming more popular towards the end of the century. The palais de danse was a term applied to purpose-built dance halls in Britain and Commonwealth countries, which became popular after the First World War.

Other structural forms of dance halls include the dance pavilion which has a roof but no walls, and the open-air platform which has no roof or walls. The open-air nature of the dance pavilion was both a feature and a drawback. The taxi dance hall was a dance hall with a specific arrangement, wherein the patrons hire hall employees to dance with them.
Maxim's MX
Maxim's MX is a Hong Kong chain of Hong Kong-style fast-food restaurants and serves as the flagship fast-food brand of Maxim’s Caterers Limited. Before its rebranding, it operated under the name "Maxim’s Fast Food" for its local fast-food business. Its sub-brands include Sen-ryo Express, Maxim's food², Can．teen and Deli-O. These sub-brands are managed by M.a.x. concepts. Its main competitors in the market are Fairwood and Café de Coral.

Maxim’s fast-food division and institutional catering division are managed under the same administration. The institutional catering division primarily provides meal services for businesses, universities, hospitals, and theme parks.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Sillakkudi railway station
Sillakkudi railway station (station code:SLTH) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Tiruchirappalli railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves Sillakkudi, located in Perambalur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of now it is the only railway station serving the entire Perambalur district. It is located between Ariyalur and Kallagam. There is an industrial spur line going towards Chettinad Cement Factory from this railway station which creates a considerable revenue for Southern ys

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Novake, Poljčane
Novake (pronounced [nɔˈʋaːkɛ]) is a village on the left bank of the Dravinja River in the Municipality of Poljčane in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Poljčane
The Municipality of Poljčane (pronounced [pɔlˈtʃaːnɛ]; Slovene: Občina Poljčane) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Poljčane. Poljčane became a municipality in 2006.
Carp River Forge
The Carp River Forge is an abandoned iron forge located along the Carp River on the grounds of the Michigan Iron Industry Museum, at 73 Forge Road near Negaunee, Michigan. It was the first forge constructed in northern Michigan; the site was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is also known as the Jackson Iron Company Site.

Negaunee, Michigan
Negaunee (/nəˈɡɔːni/ nə-GAW-nee or locally /ˈnəˈɡɒni/ nə-GON-ee) is a city in Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,627 at the 2020 census. The city is located at the southwest corner of Negaunee Township, which is administratively separate, in the Upper Peninsula. The city is home to a luge track. The name "Negaunee" comes from an Anishinabemowin (Ojibwe) word nigani, meaning "foremost, in advance, leading," which was determined to be the closest Ojibwe translation for "pioneer". Within the city limits is Teal Lake.
Ministry of Social Empowerment, Welfare and Kandyan Heritage
The Ministry of Social Empowerment, Welfare and Kandyan Heritage is the central government ministry of Sri Lanka responsible for social services, social welfare and Kandyan heritage. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on social empowerment and welfare and other subjects which come under its purview. The current Minister of Social Empowerment, Welfare and Kandyan Heritage and Deputy Minister of Social Empowerment, Welfare and Kandyan Heritage are S. B. Dissanayake and Ranjan Ramanayake respectively. The ministry's secretary is Mahinda Seneviratne.

Ranjan Ramanayake
Sadda Vidda Rajapakse Palanga Pathira Ambakumarage Ranjan Leo Sylvester Alfonso (born 11 March 1963) (රන්ජන් රාමනායක), popularly known as  Super Star Ranjan Ramanayake, is a Sri Lankan actor, film director, singer, script writer and retired politician who appeared in a number of Sinhala language films. He is a former Member of the Parliament.

He served as the State Minister of Highways and Road Development from 2018 to 2019. He served as the Deputy Minister of Social Services, Welfare and Livestock Development Under Good Governance in 2015 and Deputy Minister of Social Empowerment and Welfare from 2015 to 2018. Ramanayake won the Sarasaviya Best Actor Award in 2006 and won the Sarasaviya Most Popular Actor Award four times. He has appeared in over 75 Sinhalese films in genres ranging from romance to action and comedies, starting his career appearing in theatre, stage and several television series.
Bulduqani
The Bulduqani (c. 1049–1864) were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled an emirate around the town of Eğil founded by Pir Mansûr (b.989), who conquered the town around 1049. Pir Mansûr claimed to be a descendant of Mohammed and settled in the area from Hakkâri (around Sinjar Mountains) in 1049. His descendants ruled Eğil for nearly eight centuries. During the rule of Emir Muhammed, the principality had expanded southward to Karaca Dağ, Palu and Elazığ northward, Çermik to the west and the area between Hani and Lice to the east.

Sinjar Mountains
The Sinjar Mountains (Kurdish: چیایێ شنگالێ, romanized: Çîyayê Şengalê, Arabic: جبل سنجار, romanized: Jabal Sinjār, Syriac: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܫܝܓܪ, romanized: Ṭura d'Shingar), is a 100-kilometre-long (62 mi) mountain range that runs east to west, rising above the surrounding alluvial steppe plains in northwestern Iraq to an elevation of 1,463 meters (4,800 ft). The highest segment of these mountains, about 75 km (47 mi) long, lies in the Nineveh Governorate. The western and lower segment of these mountains lies in Syria and is about 25 km (16 mi) long. The city of Sinjar is just south of the range. These mountains are regarded as sacred by the local Yazidis.
BAL Coach of the Year
The Basketball Africa Coach of the Year Award is an annual Basketball Africa League (BAL) award given to the best coach of a given season. The award was first handed out in the 2022 season to José Neto.

The winner of the award is based on two criteria: developed a mutually respectful relationship with league, game officials, media, opponents and fans; and had the best results based on the resources at their disposal.

The winner of the awards is decided by voting by all head coaches and two assistant coaches per team, which cannot vote on a coach on their same team. Fouad Abou Chakra is the only award to winner to have won the championship in the same season, in 2025.

Basketball Africa League
The Basketball Africa League (BAL) is the premier men's basketball league in Africa. Founded in 2019, the league was established and is co-organized by NBA Africa and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA).

Each season typically runs from March to June, and in the current format of the league consists of twelve teams. Each of the teams qualify through their performance in their domestic competition. Seven teams qualify directly, while five others have to play in the Road to BAL. The group stage is divided into three conferences, which are followed by playoffs to determine the champions. The BAL champions of each season automatically qualify for the FIBA Intercontinental Cup.

The first season was held in 2021 and thus far, five different champions have won the competition.
Ernesto Tamariz
Ernesto Tamariz Galicia (11 January 1904 – 30 September 1988) was a 20th-century Mexican sculptor specialized in public monuments, religious statues and funerary art.

His most famous work is "Altar to the Fatherland" (Altar a la patria), a memorial to the Mexican cadets killed during the Battle of Chapultepec (Niños Héroes). He also sculpted the statue of St Pio of Pietrelcina and John Paul II at the old Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe,  the new central altar of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Mexico City, the tomb of Alfonso Reyes at the Rotunda of Illustrious People and the tomb of Ignacio Zaragoza, among others.

Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
The Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe, officially called Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe (in English: Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe) is a basilica of the Catholic Church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her invocation of Our Lady of Guadalupe, located at the foot of the Hill of Tepeyac in the Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. It belongs to the Primate Archdiocese of Mexico through the Guadalupana Vicariate, which since November 4, 2018, is in the care of Monsignor Efraín Hernández Díaz, who has the title of general and episcopal vicar of Guadalupe and abbot of the basilica.

Every year some twenty million pilgrims visit the sanctuary, of which about nine million do so in the days around December 12, the day on which Our Lady of Guadalupe is celebrated. Annually, the Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe has at least twice as many visitors as the best-known Marian shrines.
Wave packet
In physics, a wave packet (also known as a wave train or wave group) is a short burst of localized wave action that travels as a unit, outlined by an envelope. A wave packet can be analyzed into, or can be synthesized from, a potentially-infinite set of component sinusoidal waves of different wavenumbers, with phases and amplitudes such that they interfere constructively only over a small region of space, and destructively elsewhere. Any signal of a limited width in time or space requires many frequency components around a center frequency within a bandwidth inversely proportional to that width; even a Gaussian function is considered a wave packet because its Fourier transform is a "packet" of waves of frequencies clustered around a central frequency. Each component wave function, and hence the wave packet, are solutions of a wave equation. Depending on the wave equation, the wave packet's profile may remain constant (no dispersion) or it may change (dispersion) while propagating.

Envelope (waves)
In physics and engineering, the envelope of an oscillating signal is a smooth curve outlining its extremes. The envelope thus generalizes the concept of a constant amplitude into an instantaneous amplitude. The figure illustrates a modulated sine wave varying between an upper envelope and a lower envelope. The envelope function may be a function of time, space, angle, or indeed of any variable.