hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ARHGAP25
Rho GTPase activating protein 25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP25 gene. The gene is also known as KAIA0053. ARHGAP25 belongs to a family of Rho GTPase-modulating proteins that are implicated in actin remodeling, cell polarity, and cell migration.

Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including yeasts and some plants. Three members of the family have been studied in detail: Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. All G proteins are "molecular switches", and Rho proteins play a role in organelle development, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and other common cellular functions.
Alf Hobson
Alf Hobson (9 September 1913 – 21 February 2004) was an English footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Liverpool in The Football League. Hobson played for a number of clubs before he joined Liverpool, he was their goalkeeper during the 1936–37 season, making 25 appearances, however he only made 1 the following season. The Second World War interrupted his career and he only made 1 appearance following the end of the war

1936–37 Football League
The 1936–37 season was the 45th season of The Football League. Manchester City became champions of England for the first time, whilst Charlton Athletic achieved their highest-ever league placing, finishing second in their first season in the top flight.
M11 road (Malawi)
The M11 road is a road in Malawi that stretches about 12.96 kilometers along the shores of Lake Malawi, connecting Timbiri and Chiweta. However, the road's development has stalled, leaving a substantial gap in its route. While some sections exist as dirt roads or tracks, a significant portion of the M11 remains a missing link, hindering the creation of a seamless north–south passage along the lake's scenic shoreline.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Maaike Schoorel
Maaike Schoorel (born 1973) is an artist based in London.

Schoorel was born in Santpoort, Netherlands.  She makes paintings based on photographs, using traditional genres such as landscape, portrait and still-life.  She favours pale colours and minimal detail.

Maaike Schoorel is represented in London by Maureen Paley.

Maureen Paley
Maureen Paley (born 1953) is the American owner of a contemporary art gallery in Bethnal Green, London, where she lives. Initially named Interim Art, the gallery was renamed Maureen Paley in 2004 as a celebration of its 20th anniversary. The gallery is located at 60 Three Colts Lane.

Paley exhibited Young British Artists at an early stage. Artists represented include Turner Prize winners Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Gillian Wearing and Wolfgang Tillmans. One thing in common with many of the artists represented is their interest in addressing social issues.
Craig Joeright
Craig Budan Joeright (born September 19, 1978) is an American former competitive pair skater. With his wife, Larisa Spielberg, he is the 2002 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and 2000 U.S. national bronze medalist.

Rochester, Michigan
Rochester is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Rochester had a population of 13,035. It is a northern suburb in Metro Detroit located 20 miles north of the city of Detroit.

Rochester was the first European settlement in Oakland County when it was founded in 1818. It became part of the Avon Township in 1835 and incorporated as an autonomous city in 1967. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Rochester Hills and also borders Shelby Township to the east.
Kana Morimoto
Kana Morimoto (森本佳奈, born 29 July 1992), popularly known as KANA, is a Japanese kickboxer competing with ONE Championship. A professional competitor since 2015, she is the 2019 K-1 Women's Flyweight Grand Prix winner, a two-time Krush Women's Flyweight champion and one-time K-1 Women's Flyweight champion.

She is the #9 ranked female kickboxer in the world by Combat Press, as of November 2020, and has been ranked in the top ten since June 2018.

Mellony Geugjes
Mellony Geugjes (born 26 July 1992) is a Dutch female kickboxer and mixed martial artist, based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. She has competed professionally since 2009 and is the current ISKA Featherweight champion which she won by defeating Dilara Yildiz.
Fjotland
Fjotland is a village in Kvinesdal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the northern part of the Kvinesdalen valley on the northeast side of the lake Fjotlandsvatnet. Fjotland is about 17 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the village of Haughom in Sirdal and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Liknes. Fjotland was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Fjotland which existed prior to 1963. Fjotland Church is located in the village.

Sirdal
Sirdal is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the northwestern part of the traditional district of Lister. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tonstad. Other villages in Sirdal include Bjørnestad, Haughom, Kvæven, Lunde, and Tjørhom.

The 1,554-square-kilometre (600 sq mi) municipality is the 52nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sirdal is the 290th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,837. The municipality's population density is 1.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.4/sq mi) and its population has inmcreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Esports at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games
Esports at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games was held in Gymnasium of Hanoi Technology, Vietnam from 1 November to 4 November 2009. There were six video games in the competition, FIFA 09, NBA Live 08, Need for Speed: Most Wanted, StarCraft: Brood War, Counter-Strike 1.6 and DotA Allstars.

NBA Live 08
NBA Live 08 is the 2007 installment of the NBA Live series by EA Sports. It was released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, Windows and PlayStation Portable. This is the first NBA video game to include all three next-generation consoles, the first game to be released for Sony's PlayStation 3, and the last NBA Live game for the Windows platform.
Chen–Ho encoding
Chen–Ho encoding is a memory-efficient alternate system of binary encoding for decimal digits.

The traditional system of binary encoding for decimal digits, known as binary-coded decimal (BCD), uses four bits to encode each digit, resulting in significant wastage of binary data bandwidth (since four bits can store 16 states and are being used to store only 10), even when using packed BCD.

The encoding reduces the storage requirements of two decimal digits (100 states) from 8 to 7 bits, and those of three decimal digits (1000 states) from 12 to 10 bits using only simple Boolean transformations avoiding any complex arithmetic operations like a base conversion.

IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
The IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin was a technical publication produced by IBM between 1958 and 1998.  The purpose of the Bulletin was to disclose inventions that IBM did not want their competitors to get patents on. The Bulletin was a form of defensive publication. By publishing the details of how to make and use the invention, patent examiners could have a searchable source of prior art that they could cite against subsequent patent applications filed by others on the same or similar inventions.

The Bulletin has been cited over 48,000 times in various United States patents.
Fowlerville, Livingston County, New York
Fowlerville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of York in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 227 at the 2010 census.

The community is named for Wells Fowler, the first settler.

It should not be confused with other New York hamlets named Fowlerville in Erie County and Sullivan County, or with the similarly named hamlet of Fowlersville in Lewis County

Livingston County, New York
Livingston County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,834. Its county seat is Geneseo. The county is named after Robert R. Livingston, who helped draft the Declaration of Independence and negotiated the Louisiana Purchase. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Livingston County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.
Jane Sexton
Jane Sexton (born 11 August 1978) is a former Australian freestyle skier who represented Australia at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Sexton competed internationally in moguls from age 19, first at Valmeinier, France in the European cup in 1998 and then in Switzerland and Germany the following year. Her first world cup appearance was in November 1999 at Tandadalen in Sweden where she finished 29th. In the same season she competed in world cup events in Canada and the USA. In the 2000–01 season she competed in world cup events in France, Canada, the US and Japan, while in 2001 she competed in the world ski championships in Whistler, Canada in 2001.

Sexton competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in women's moguls, finishing in 25th place.

After the Olympics, Sexton continued to compete nationally and internationally until August 2004.

Sexton married Michael Butko and has three children.

Valmeinier
Valmeinier (French pronunciation: [valmɛnje]; Arpitan: Vàrmêniél) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

Valmeinier, located at the foot of the Mont Thabor, 3207 meters, is a medium size ski resort (about 10,000 beds).
The first ski lift was built in 1973, at L'Arméra, connecting to the Valloire ski area. The village at 1,500 m started to develop with the arrival of various holiday villages (Renouveau and LVT Chemins).

In 1986, the resort at 1800 m was launched and the Gros Crey ski area equipped with lifts.
Gliddon
Gliddon  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Gliddon (1896–1974), Australian rules footballer

Cameron Gliddon (born 1989), Australian basketball player

George Gliddon (1809–1857), Anglo-American Egyptologist

Katie Edith Gliddon (1883–1967), British watercolour artist and suffragette

Jonathan Gliddon (born 1971), British Open Squash Masters Champion 2019

George Gliddon
George Robbins Gliddon (1809 – November 16, 1857) was an English-born American Egyptologist. He worked as a United States vice-consul in Egypt and assisted Muhammad Ali Pasha's plans to modernize Egypt by attaining sugar, rice, and other mills from the United States. In 1841, he became frustrated with Pasha's destruction of archaeological sites and wrote Appeal to the Antiquaries of Europe on the Destruction of the Monuments of Egypt.

Gliddon worked with Samuel George Morton to define the race and physical type of the ancient Egyptians, published in the article Crania Aegyptiaca, one of several publications that Gliddon worked on. He created interest in the field of Egyptology through his lectures in the United States, including the Panorama of the Nile with Egyptian mummies.
Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's masters foil
The men's masters foil was one of three fencing events on the Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme.  It was the only event at the Games for professional athletes and was held immediately after the amateur event on 7 April.  It consisted of a single match, between Leonidas Pyrgos of Greece and Joanni Perronet of France. Pyrgos won the match, 3–1, to become the first Greek champion in the modern Olympics.

Joanni Perronet
Joanni Maurice Perronet (19 October 1877 – 1 April 1950) was a French painter and fencer.

He was son of music composer Joanni Perronnet and Blanche Guérard, as well as  grandson of the playwright and lyricist Amélie Perronnet.

He was a fencing master, the only professional allowed to compete in the Olympic Games at the time. Two such masters, Perronet and Leonidas Pyrgos of Greece, competed in a special foil fencing event at the first modern Olympics. The two faced each other in an event that consisted of a single bout to three touches. Perronet lost the bout, 3-1. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, winning a silver medal.

He had close links to Sarah Bernhardt, she was his godmother. In 1908, he became secretary-general of the Sarah-Bernhardt Théâtre Sarah-Bernhardt.

He is known as a painter, most of his paintings are seascapes. He also designed many posters for French railway companies and painted several portraits of Sarah Bernhardt.
Lin Hau
Lin Hau (Chinese: 林氏好; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Sī-hòⁿ) (1907-1991), birth name Lin Shi-Hao (林是好, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Sī-hòⁿ), also known by her stage name Lin Li-mei (林麗美, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Lē-bí), was a female musician and vocalist during the Japanese rule period in Taiwan. She was active in the Taiwanese music scene of the 1930s, specializing in reinterpreting Taiwanese folk songs using the techniques of artistic vocal performance.

Lin actively engaged in public affairs and was elected as a city council member in Tainan City in the simulated Taiwan State and Municipal Council Elections organized by the Taiwan New People Newspaper in 1931. She also participated in women's movements, such as the Tainan Young Women's Association and the organization Yun Xiang Yin Society. Her husband, Lu Ping-ting, was one of the leaders of the Taiwanese cultural movement and was involved in organizations like the Taiwanese Cultural Association and the Taiwanese People's Party.

Taiwanese Cultural Association
The Taiwanese Cultural Association (TCA; Chinese: 台灣文化協會; pinyin: Táiwān wénhuà xiéhuì) was an important organization during the Japanese rule of Taiwan. It was founded by Chiang Wei-shui on 17 October 1921, in Daitōtei, a district in modern-day Taipei. It gathers Taiwanese intellectuals and aims for the delivery of progressive ideas and values. It also functions as a political group advocating for Taiwanese collective consciousness and thought. The association was founded on October 17, 1921, when Lin Hsien-tang (林獻堂) was elected as president, Yang Chi-chen (楊吉臣) as vice president, and Chiang Wei-shui (蔣渭水) as director.
Ron Fellows (American football)
Ronald Lee Fellows (born November 7, 1957) is an American former professional football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Los Angeles Raiders. He played college football at the University of Missouri.

Nickelback (American football)
In American football, a nickelback, also referred to as a slot cornerback or slot corner, is a cornerback or safety who serves as the additional defensive back in a nickel defense. A base defense consists of two cornerbacks and two safeties, making the nickelback the fifth defensive back on the field, thus tying the name of the position to the name of the North American 5-cent piece.
Ofir Shoham
Ofir Shoham (Hebrew: אופיר שוהם; born 1963) is a former brigadier general in the IDF reserves, who served as Head of the Directorate of Defense Research and Development, Weapons and Technological Infrastructure (Maf'at (מפא"ת) in the Ministry of Defense.

Ministry of Defense (Israel)
The Ministry of Defense (Hebrew: משרד הביטחון, romanized: Misrad HaBitahon, lit. 'Ministry of Security', acronym: Hebrew: משהב"ט) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats. Its political head is the defense minister of Israel, and its offices are located in HaKirya, Tel Aviv.

The Ministry of Defense oversees most of the Israeli security forces, including the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Military Industries (IMI), and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

The ministry was established when the British Mandate of Palestine ended, and the British Army departed Palestine and the State of Israel was formed. This ended the rag-tag militia units during British rule and gave way to the formal defense of the Jewish state.
Electoral college
An electoral college is a body of representatives empowered to formally select a candidate for a specific office, most often the head of state. Electoral colleges exist in several countries and may serve to balance regional representation or ensure indirect election mechanisms. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government, and sometimes the upper parliamentary chamber, in a democracy. Its members, called electors, are elected either by the people for this purpose (making the whole process an indirect election) or by certain subregional entities or social organizations.

If a constituent body that is not only summoned for this particular task, like a parliament, elects or appoints certain officials, it is not referred to as "electoral college" (see e.g. parliamentary system). Also, other appointing bodies (like committees appointing judges, as in Canada or Germany) normally do not fall into this definition.

Constitutional institution
A constitutional institution, constitutional body or constitutional organ is a government institution created by a constitution. As these institutions derives its powers, duties and responsibilities directly from the constitution, which is harder to be amended by legislature compared to sub-constitutional laws, their status is rather more stable and independent than institutions created by sub-constitutional laws.
Mkuti
Mkuti is an administrative ward in Masasi Town Council of Mtwara Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 2.9 km2 (1.1 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 407 m (1,335 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 7,807.

Masasi Town Council, Mtwara
Masasi Town District Council is one of eight regional councils  of the Mtwara Region in Tanzania. It is bordered to the north and south by the Masasi District, to the east by the Newala District and to the west by the Nanyumbu District. According to the 2012 census, the district has a total population of 102,969.
Asia Star Entertainer Awards 2025
The Asia Star Entertainer Awards 2025 was an award ceremony held at K-Arena Yokohama in Yokohama on May 28–29, 2025. It is the 2025 edition of the annual award show Asia Star Entertainer Awards. The award ceremony was hosted by Juyeon and Rei for the first day and Kim Hye-yoon, Hyungwon, and Younghoon for the second day. It was broadcast live in Japan via TBS and Abema, in Korea via Naver TV, and worldwide via Dalda.

Kim Hye-yoon
Kim Hye-yoon (Korean: 김혜윤; born November 10, 1996) is a South Korean actress. She gained recognition for her role as Kang Ye-seo in JTBC's television series Sky Castle (2018–2019), before landing her first leading roles in both television and film including Extraordinary You (2019) and The Girl on a Bulldozer (2022). Her notable accolades include awards from the Baeksang Arts Awards, Blue Dragon Film Awards, and Grand Bell Awards.
Seykhan Aliyev
Seykhan Famalovych Aliyev (Ukrainian: Сейхан Фамалович Алієв; born 22 September 1991) is a Ukrainian footballer who plays as a midfielder.

Aliyev was a product of the FC Avanhard Yevpatoria academy. In 2010, he signed a contract with FC Stal Dniprodzerzhynsk in the Ukrainian Second League, and made his debut in the Second League against FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih on 19 March 2010.

FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih
FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih (Ukrainian: Гірник Кривий Ріг) was a Ukrainian football club based in Kryvyi Rih. The club adapted its name in 2003 and originally as "Gornyak" (in Russian). Later the club's name was changed to Hirnyk (in Ukrainian). In 2020 it was completely rebranded as Kryvbas.

In August 2020, the main team was restructured as FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, and its U-19 team became entered junior competitions as Hirnyk. The teams played in the 2020–21 Ukrainian First League U–19 Championship. Also, there was information about Hirnyk entering amateur competitions. Later that team was renamed as Kryvbas-2.
Garrigue
Garrigue or garigue (/ɡəˈriːɡ/ gə-REEG), also known as phrygana (Greek: φρύγανα [ˈfriɣana], n. pl.), is a type of low scrubland ecoregion and plant community in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.

It is found on limestone soils in southern France and around the Mediterranean Basin, generally near the seacoast where the moderated Mediterranean climate provides annual summer drought. It is an anthropogenic degradation and succession form of former evergreen oak forests that existed until around 2500 years BCE.

The term has also found its way into haute cuisine, suggestive of the resinous flavours of a garrigue shrubland.

Forest degradation
Forest degradation is a process in which the biological wealth of a forest area is permanently diminished by some factor or by a combination of factors. "This does not involve a reduction of the forest area, but rather a quality decrease in its condition." The forest is still there, but with fewer trees, or fewer species of trees, plants or animals, or some of them affected by plagues. This degradation makes the forest less valuable and may lead to deforestation. Forest degradation is a type of the more general issue of land degradation. Deforestation and forest degradation continue to take place at alarming rates, which contributes significantly to the ongoing loss of biodiversity.
Abuye Meda
Abuye Meda (Amharic: አቡዬ ሜዳ) is a mountain plateau located between three woreda's; Gishe in the west, Antsokiyana Gemza to the north, and Efratana Gidim to the south. It is the highest elevation of the Semien Shewa Zone in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It forms part of the divide between the drainage basins of the Abay and the Awash Rivers. It's around 98 km to the north of Debre Berhan, the capital of Semien Shewa Zone.

africa portal

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.