hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Delivered Audio Quality
Delivered Audio Quality, abbreviated as DAQ, is a measure of audio quality over a transmission medium. This metric is often used to quantify the quality of audio heard over a radio system. DAQ levels are defined by the following scale.

DAQ 1: Unusable. Speech present but not understandable.

DAQ 2: Speech understandable with considerable effort. Requires frequent repetition due to noise or distortion.

DAQ 3: Speech understandable with slight effort. Requires occasional repetition due to noise or distortion.

DAQ 3.4: Speech understandable without repetition. Some noise or distortion present.

DAQ 4: Speech easily understandable. Little noise or distortion.

DAQ 5: Perfect. No distortion or noise discernible.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Haune
The Haune (German pronunciation: [ˈhaʊnə] ⓘ) is a 67 km long river in Hesse, Germany, right tributary of the Fulda. Its source is near Dietershausen, southeast of the town Fulda, in the Rhön Mountains. The Haune flows generally north through the towns Hünfeld, Burghaun and Haunetal. It flows into the Fulda in Bad Hersfeld.

Hünfeld
Hünfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈhyːnfɛlt] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated 16 km northeast of Fulda. In 2000, the town hosted the 40th Hessentag state festival. Hünfeld has a population of close to 16,000.
Loughside (District Electoral Area)
Loughside was one of the four district electoral areas in Craigavon, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected five members to Craigavon Borough Council, and formed part of the Upper Bann constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Craigavon Area A which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Aghagallon, Court, Drumnamoe, Kinnegoe and Woodville. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and divided between the Craigavon DEA and the Lurgan DEA.

Upper Bann (Assembly constituency)
54°27′25″N 6°22′48″W﻿ / ﻿54.457°N 6.380°W﻿ / 54.457; -6.380

Upper Bann is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996. Since 1998, it has elected members to the current Assembly.

For Assembly elections prior to 1996, the constituency was largely part of the Armagh and South Down constituencies with a small section around Aghagallon joining from South Antrim.  Since 1997, it has shared boundaries with the Upper Bann UK Parliament constituency.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see Upper Bann (UK Parliament constituency).
São Tomé white-eye
The São Tomé white-eye (Zosterops feae) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the island of São Tomé, where it occurs in the central massif and in the southwest. Its natural habitat is mid- to high-altitude forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was named by the Italian Tommaso Salvadori in 1901.

White-eye
The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of Guinea. Discounting some widespread members of the genus Zosterops, most species are endemic to single islands or archipelagos. The silvereye, Zosterops lateralis, naturally colonised New Zealand, where it is known as the "wax-eye" or tauhou ("stranger"), from 1855. The silvereye has also been introduced to the Society Islands in French Polynesia, while the Japanese white-eye has been introduced to Hawaii.
Intra, Italy
Intra is a frazione of the municipality of Verbania, in Piedmont, northern Italy, located in a small alluvial plain. It is important for its port on Lake Maggiore and attendant tourism.
In Intra in 1905 was founded Zust, an Italian car manufacturing company, by engineer Roberto Züst, an Italian industrialist of Swiss origin, 
In 1909 was founded a rowing club, Canottieri Intra.
The main church is a basilica dedicated to San Vittore. The basilica di San Vittore was rebuilt during the first decade of the eighteenth century.

Victor Maurus
Victor the Moor (in Latin: Victor Maurus) (born 3rd century in Mauretania; died ca. 303 in Milan) was a native of Mauretania and a Christian martyr, according to tradition, and is venerated as a saint.
Christie Park, Calgary
Christie Park is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded by Strathcona Drive and the community of Strathcona Park to the north, Sarcee Trail to the east, 17 Avenue S to the south and 69 Street W to the west.

The land was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1956 from the Municipal District of Rocky View. Christie Park was established as a neighbourhood in 1990. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor.

Sarcee Trail
Sarcee Trail is a major limited-access road in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is divided into two portions, one in the south end of the city, and one in the north end of the city.  Originally planned as one continuous route, plans to connect the two halves have been shelved as it would involve the demolition of homes in Bowness and the disruption of the Bowmont Natural Area park. The urban arterial road is named for the Tsuu T'ina, who were also known as the Sarcee.
Detlev Pilger
Detlev Pilger (born 29 April 1955) is a German politician. Born in Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, he represents the SPD. Detlev Pilger has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate since 2013.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Calvin Klein Collection
Calvin Klein Collection (renamed Calvin Klein 205W39NYC in 2017 under Raf Simons) is the brand name for the high-end designer womenswear and menswear lines from fashion house Calvin Klein which were presented on the catwalks of New York Fashion Week and Milan Fashion Week, respectively.

Designer apparel, dresses, coats, dress shirts, eyewear, footwear and leather goods were sold under this 'black label' line which represented the top level in the brand pyramid of the various Calvin Klein brands.

On March 7, 2019, parent company PVH announced a focus on the numerous less expensive mass market Calvin Klein brands and the discontinuation of the Calvin Klein 205W39NYC runway collections after the contract with designer Simons had been terminated.

In 2024, Veronica Leoni was appointed Creative Director of Calvin Klein Collection and charged with re-launching the line.

Warnaco Group
The Warnaco Group, Inc. was an American textile/clothing corporation which designed, sourced, marketed, licensed, and distributed a wide range of underwear, sportswear, and swimwear worldwide. Its products were sold under several brand names including Calvin Klein, Speedo, Chaps, Warner's, and Olga.

On 31 October 2012, the company announced that it would be acquired by PVH for $2.8 billion in cash and stock.

The deal gave PVH more control of the Calvin Klein clothing brand as it will unite Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and sportswear lines. It was acquired by PVH in Feb 2013.

In November 2023, PVH sold the Warners and Olga brands to Basic Resources, Inc.
Canoe sprint at the 2019 European Games
At the 2019 European Games in Minsk, sixteen medal events in canoe sprint were contested between 25 and 27 June 2019, of which five are Canadian canoe events and eleven are kayak events.

In contrast to 2015, this competition effectively replaced the 2019 Canoe Sprint European Championships (which the ECA chose not to organise).

Sprint canoe
A sprint canoe is a canoe used in International Canoe Federation canoe sprint. It is an open boat propelled by one, two or four paddlers from a kneeling position, using single-bladed paddles. The difficulty of balance can depend on how wide or narrow the canoe is, although regularly the less contact a canoe has with the water the faster it goes. This makes the narrower boats much faster and popular when it comes to racing.
Massimiliano Pavan
Massimiliano Pavan (30 August 1920, in Venice – 17 January 1991, in Padua) was an Italian historian, who served as director of the Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani for the Treccani Institute. A graduate of the University of Padua alongside Aldo Ferrabino, he was taught by Concetto Marchesi and Manara Valgimigli, and was a professor of Greek and Roman history at the University of Perugia. His library and archives are at the Museo Canova.

Manara Valgimigli
Manara Valgimigli (9 July 1876, in San Piero in Bagno – 28 August 1965, in Vilminore di Scalve) was an Italian classical philologist and Greek scholar, best remembered for his book Poeti e filosofi di Grecia (1965), which won a Viareggio Prize in non-fiction. A graduate of the University of Bologna, he taught Greek literature at the University of Messina and the University of Pisa. A member of the Italian Socialist Party, he was one of several prominent signatories of the Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals in 1925.
Gilles Marceau
Gilles Marceau (27 September 1928 – 19 April 2008) was a Canadian politician. He was a former mayor of Jonquière and a Liberal Party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Marceau was born in 1928 in Quebec City. A lawyer by profession, he was first elected at the Lapointe electoral district in the 1968 federal election, then re-elected in 1972, 1974, 1979 and 1980. Marceau served five successive terms from the 28th through 32nd Canadian Parliaments first for Lapointe, then in the Jonquière riding after riding boundaries were rearranged in 1976.

Marceau left national politics after his defeat in the 1984 election to Jean-Pierre Blackburn of the Progressive Conservative party.

On 6 November 2009 the Jonquière Tax Center, originally opened in 1983, was designated the "Gilles Marceau Building" in honor of the late politician.

28th Canadian Parliament
The 28th Canadian Parliament was in session from September 12, 1968, until September 1, 1972. The membership was set by the 1968 federal election on June 25, 1968, and it changed only slightly due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1972 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 20th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party led by Robert Stanfield.

The Speaker was Lucien Lamoureux. See also List of Canadian electoral districts (1966–1976) for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were four sessions of the 28th Parliament:
John R. Dunning
John Ray Dunning (September 24, 1907 – August 25, 1975) was an American physicist who played key roles in the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bombs. He specialized in neutron physics, and did pioneering work in gaseous diffusion for isotope separation. He was dean of the school of engineering and applied science at Columbia University from 1950 to 1969.

Isotope separation
Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is varied. The largest variety is used in research (e.g. in chemistry where atoms of "marker" nuclide are used to figure out reaction mechanisms). By tonnage, separating natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. This process is crucial in the manufacture of uranium fuel for nuclear power plants and is also required for the creation of uranium-based nuclear weapons (unless uranium-233 is used). Plutonium-based weapons use plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor, which must be operated in such a way as to produce plutonium already of suitable isotopic mix or grade.

While chemical elements can be purified through chemical processes, isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties which makes this type of separation impractical, except for separation of deuterium.
Don Bates
Donald Lawson Bates (10 May 1933 – 29 May 2005) was an English cricketer active from 1950 to 1971 who played for Sussex. He was born in Hove and died in Brighton. He appeared in 315 first-class matches as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He scored 1,525 runs with a highest score of 37 not out and took 880 wickets with a best performance of eight for 51. He was awarded his county cap in 1957 and had a benefit in 1968 which raised £8,000.

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Mother and Child Scheme
The Mother and Child Scheme was a healthcare programme in Ireland that would later become remembered as a major political crisis involving primarily the Irish Government and Roman Catholic Church in the early 1950s.

The scheme was referred to as the Mother and Child Service in legislation. A brochure, "What the new service means to every family", was prepared. It explained the new service but was not issued to the public. The scheme was engulfed in crisis before this could happen.

Minister for Health (Ireland)
The Minister for Health (Irish: An tAire Sláinte) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Health. The Minister for Health is responsible for healthcare in Ireland and related services.

The current Minister for Health is Jennifer Carroll MacNeill, TD. She is assisted by:

Mary Butler, TD – Minister of State for mental health

Jennifer Murnane O'Connor, TD – Minister of State for public health, well-being and drugs; and

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State for older people
Shuffle play
Shuffle play is a mode of music playback in which songs are played in a randomized order that is decided upon for all tracks at once. It is commonly found on CD players, digital audio players and media player software. Shuffle playback prevents repeated tracks, which makes it distinct from random playback, in which the next track is chosen at random after the last track has ended.

Media player software
Media player software is a type of application software for playing multimedia computer files like audio and video files. Media players commonly display standard media control icons known from physical devices such as tape recorders and CD players, such as play (), pause (), fastforward (⏩️), rewind (⏪), and stop () buttons. In addition, they generally have progress bars (or "playback bars"), which are sliders to locate the current position in the duration of the media file.

Mainstream operating systems have at least one default media player. For example, Windows comes with Windows Media Player and it’s 2022 successor, while macOS comes with QuickTime Player and Apple Music. Linux distributions come with different media players, such as SMPlayer, Amarok, Audacious, Banshee, MPlayer, mpv, Rhythmbox, Totem, VLC media player, and xine. Android comes with YouTube Music for audio and Google Photos for video, and smartphone vendors such as Samsung may bundle custom software.
Daniel Rudge
Daniel Rudge (1840 – 26 June 1880) was a British engineer who built high-end bicycles and velocipedes.  Rudge invented the adjustable ball bearing bicycle hub (British Patent No 526) in 1878.

The French racing cyclist Charles Terront, renowned for winning the first Paris–Brest–Paris event in 1891, used Rudge's axles with much success thereby bringing world attention to Rudge.  In the years before John Dunlop invented the pneumatic tyre, Rudge addressed the rough ride by producing a four-bladed, spring-suspended fork in 1887.

After Rudge's death, his company was merged with The Tangent & Coventry Tricycle Company to form D. Rudge & Co. which in 1894 became Rudge Whitworth Cycles. By 1911, the Rudge Whitworth Cycle Company was also manufacturing motorcycles.

After the company fell on hard times in the Great Depression, the music company EMI bought the Rudge name.  EMI produced bicycles under the Rudge name from 1935 until 1943 when they sold the name to Raleigh.

John Boyd Dunlop
John Boyd Dunlop (5 February 1840 – 23 October 1921) was a Scottish inventor and veterinary surgeon who spent most of his career in Ireland. Familiar with making rubber devices, he invented the practical pneumatic tyres for his child's tricycle and developed them for use in cycle racing. He sold his rights to the pneumatic tyres to a company he formed with the president of the Irish Cyclists' Association, Harvey du Cros, for a small cash sum and a small shareholding in their pneumatic tyre business. Dunlop withdrew in 1896. The company that bore his name, Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company, was not incorporated until later and, despite its name, was Du Cros's creation.
Shergarh, Mansehra
Shergarh (شیرگڑھ) is a village and union council in Oghi Tehsil, Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.  It was once the summer capital of the former Tanawal princely state (also called Amb State and Tanawal).

Mansehra District
Mansehra District (Urdu, Hindko: ضلع مانسہرہ) is a district in the Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern Pakistan. The city of Mansehra serves as the headquarters of the district.

Mansehra was established as an independent district in 1976. It was previously a tehsil within the broader Hazara District. In 1993, a former subdivision of Mansehra, Battagram, was separated as an independent district. Similarly, in 2011, another subdivision of Mansehra, Kala Dhaka, was separated which is now known as Torghar District.

The area comprising present-day Mansehra District historically consisted of two regions: Pakhal, known as the country of the Swati tribe, and Tanawal, the territory of the Tanoli tribe. According to revenue records, historical accounts, and British gazetteers, following the conquest of Pakhal from the Turks in 1703, Swati clans settled across the region, establishing ownership of nearly all villages in the district.
The House of Tiny Tearaways
The House of Tiny Tearaways is a British reality television series hosted by Claudia Winkleman with child therapist Tanya Byron that was produced by Outline Productions. It ran for four series, broadcast from May 2005 to December 2007, on BBC Three. Laverne Antrobus and Elizabeth Kilbey took over Byron's role for the final series in 2007.

The show brings three families experiencing problems into a large, purpose-built house where they are monitored and helped for a week. The show is vaguely similar to programmes such as Big Brother - in that all the rooms have cameras in them and the families are frequently monitored in their activities with the audience shown highlights of a particular day.

An American version, filmed at the same location with Byron, was hosted by Karen Duffy in 2006 on TLC.

Karen Duffy
Karen "Duff" Duffy (born May 23, 1962) is an American writer, model, television personality, and actress. She is a certified hospital chaplain, a former Coney Island Mermaid Queen, and one of People Magazine's "50 Most Beautiful Women" in 1993. In 1995, Duffy was diagnosed with a rare form of the disease sarcoidosis called neurosarcoidosis. Since then, she has written two books about her experience living with chronic pain and is a member of the Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Pain Patients.
Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria
Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria (German: Caroline Marie Immakulata Josepha Ferdinanda Therese Leopoldine Antoinette Franziska Isabella Luise Januaria Christine Benedikta Laurencia Justiniana, Erzherzogin von Österreich, Prinzessin von Toskana) (5 September 1869, Altmünster, Upper Austria, Austria-Hungary – 12 May 1945, Budapest, Hungary) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Tuscany and Archduchess of Austria, Princess of Tuscany by birth. Through her marriage to Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Karoline was also a member of the Koháry branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Karoline was the fourth child and second eldest daughter of Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria and his wife Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She was Princess-Abbess of the Theresian Royal and Imperial Ladies Chapter of the Castle of Prague (1893-1894).

House of Koháry
The House of Koháry (Hungarian: Koháry-ház) was an ancient and wealthy Hungarian noble family with seats at Csábrág and Szitnya (now Čabraď and Sitno Castle) and the palace of Szentantal (now Svätý Anton, Slovakia).
C. M. Cady
Chauncey Marvin Cady (May 16, 1824, Westport – June 16, 1889, Ashville) was an American music publisher, businessman and composer. One of the best-known men of the trade, his public service to Chicago has been regarded as pivotal to the advancement of the city's music scene in the mid-19th century. Among the numerous roles of authority he held were as the first music teacher at Illinois State Normal University and the first conductor of the Chicago Musical Union. He was a founder and partner of Root & Cady that dominated Civil War and early Reconstruction-era music publication.

Great Chicago Fire
The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned in the American city of Chicago, Illinois, during October 8–10, 1871. The fire killed approximately 300 people, destroyed 17,000 structures across roughly 3.3 square miles (9 km2), and left more than 100,000 residents homeless. The fire began in a neighborhood southwest of the city center. A long period of hot, dry, windy conditions, and the wooden construction prevalent in the city, led to the conflagration spreading quickly. The fire leapt the south branch of the Chicago River and destroyed much of central Chicago and then crossed the main stem of the river, consuming the Near North Side.

Help flowed to the city from near and far after the fire. The city government improved building codes to stop the rapid spread of future fires and rebuilt rapidly to those higher standards. A donation from the United Kingdom spurred the establishment of the Chicago Public Library.