hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Healthcare in England
Healthcare in England is mainly provided by the National Health Service (NHS), a public body that provides healthcare to all permanent residents in England, that is free at the point of use.

The body is one of four forming the UK National Health Service, as health is a devolved matter; there are differences with the provisions for healthcare elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and in England it is overseen by NHS England. Though the public system dominates healthcare provision in England, private health care and a wide variety of alternative and complementary treatments are available for those willing and able to pay.

The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and leads the Department of Health and Social Care with responsibility for England's NHS. The Secretary serves as the principal adviser to the prime minister of the United Kingdom on all health matters.

Care Quality Commission
The Care Quality Commission (CQC) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care of the United Kingdom. It was established in 2009 to regulate and inspect health and social care providers in England. It was formed from three predecessor organisations:

the Healthcare Commission

the Commission for Social Care Inspection

the Mental Health Act Commission

The CQC's stated role is to make sure that hospitals, care homes, dental and general practices and other care services in England provide people with safe, effective and high-quality care, and to encourage those providers to improve. It carries out this role through checks during the registration process which all new care services must complete, as well as through inspections and monitoring of a range of data sources that can indicate problems with services.

Part of the commission's remit is protecting the interests of people whose rights have been restricted under the Mental Health Act.
1999 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 67th 24 Hours of Le Mans, and took place on 12 and 13 June 1999. The race had a large number of entries in the fastest Le Mans Prototype classes, with Audi, BMW, Ferrari, Lola Cars, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Panoz, Riley & Scott, and Toyota all represented.

The BMW V12 LMR driven by Yannick Dalmas, Pierluigi Martini, and Joachim Winkelhock won overall, with their car's reliability and fuel economy allowing them to beat their faster rivals.

Lola Cars
Lola Cars Limited is a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1958 by Eric Broadley in Bromley, England. The company is now owned by Till Bechtolsheimer, who purchased it in 2022. Lola Cars endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world. Lola started by building small front-engine sports cars, and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles. In 2012, Lola Cars stopped operations. Lola returned to motorsport in 2024 by joining the Formula E World Championship as an entrant and a powertrain supplier in a technical partnership with Yamaha.
The Iconic
The Iconic (styled as THE ICONIC) is an Australian online fashion and sports retailer based in Sydney. The company was launched in 2011 and is one of Australia's largest fashion, sports, beauty, kidswear and homewares destinations. with over 1500 brands and 165,000 items, including Australian labels P.E Nation, Sass & Bide, Camilla and Marc, Country Road, Witchery and Lorna Jane. International brands stocked include Nike, Levi’s, Calvin Klein, Adidas, MAC, Estee Lauder and more. The Iconic's Yennora based fulfilment centre spans a 28,000 sqm footprint with 46,000sqm of space, including one of the largest mezzanines and pick towers in the Southern Hemisphere.

MAC Cosmetics
MAC Cosmetics is a Canadian cosmetics manufacturer founded in Toronto in 1984 by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo. The company has been headquartered in New York City since becoming a subsidiary of Estée Lauder Companies in 1998. MAC is an acronym for Make-Up Art Cosmetics.

It is named one of the top three global makeup brands, with an annual turnover of over $1 billion, and 500 independent stores, with over thirty stores in France. All stores are run by professional makeup artists. MAC is an official makeup brand, used to create makeup for movie actors. The most popular products by the brand are Studio Fix Fluid and Ruby Woo Lipstick.
Mary Callahan Erdoes
Mary Callahan Erdoes (born August 13, 1967) is an American investment manager and businesswoman. She is the chief executive officer (CEO) of the asset and wealth management division of J.P. Morgan, since 2009.

With the firm since 1996, she began her career as a portfolio manager, specializing in fixed income trading. From 2005 to 2009, she was the CEO of the firm's private bank, advising wealthy families and institutions. Her career has led to her being described as the most powerful woman in American finance. She has been noted as a potential successor to Jamie Dimon, as CEO of JPMorgan Chase.

American Banker
American Banker is a New York-based trade publication covering the financial services industry. Originally a daily newspaper, the print edition ceased publication in 2016, but continues to be published as a print magazine nine times a year.

The first issue of American Banker was published in 1885, although it has been considered a continuation of the earlier Thompson's Bank Note Reporter, a bank note reporter which began publication in 1842.

Although often confused with the American Bankers Association or other industry trade groups, American Banker is unaffiliated with any portion of the banking industry. It is an independent trade publication.
Relief Society of Tigray
The Relief Society of Tigray (abbreviated REST; Tigrinya: ማሕበራዊ ረዲኤት ትግራይ or ማረት, Maret) is an NGO based in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. REST was founded in 1978 as an organisation providing relief efforts to civilians. As of 2008, Teklewoini Assefa served as Executive Director of REST. REST emerged as the humanitarian wing of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and has remained closely linked to TPLF. REST was active throughout the armed conflict of the 1980s, including during the devastating 1984–1985 famine. Since the 1990s it is the major NGO operating in Tigray.

Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.
Athracht
Athracht (Modern Irish Naomh Athracht; in Latin sources Attracta) is the patron saint of the parish of Locha Techet (Lough Gara) and Tourlestrane, County Sligo, Ireland. She was a sister of Bishop Conal of Drumconnell. Her feast day is 11 August.

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Agrarian-Industrial Union of Workers
The Agrarian-Industrial Union of Workers (Kazakh: Еңбекшілердің аграрлық-индустриялық одағы, romanized: Eñbekşılerdin agrarlyq-industrialdyq odağy; Russian: Аграрно-индустриальный союз трудящихся, romanized: Agrarno-industrial'nyy soyuz trudyashchikhsya, AIST) was a political alliance in Kazakhstan, formed by the Agrarian Party of Kazakhstan and the Civic Party of Kazakhstan on 28 July 2004. The bloc was led by Agrarian Party chairman, Romin Madinov, who served as Mäjilis deputy.

At the 2004 legislative election, 19 September and 3 October 2004, the AIST bloc won 7.1% of the popular vote and 11 out of 77 seats.

Following the election, the AIST continued its political activities in the Mäjilis until both member Agrarian and Civic parties in the bloc were absorbed into the ruling Nur Otan party in late 2006.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
Bombardment of Gao
On January 13, 2013, as one of the first actions of French intervention in Mali, French planes bombed the city of Gao, which was controlled by the jihadist Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA).

Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa
The Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (abbreviated MOJWA) was a militant Islamist organisation that broke off from al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb with the intended goal of spreading jihad across a larger section of West Africa, as well as demanding the expulsion of all French interests (especially military and resources) that operated in West Africa, which they regarded as "colonialist occupiers".

Its operations were largely limited to southern Algeria and northern Mali. The group continued to be affiliated with AQIM and was sanctioned by the United Nations Security Council in 2012.

One faction of the group merged with Mokhtar Belmokhtar's Al-Mulathameen into a new group called Al-Mourabitoun in 2013.
Charles Hoggins
Charles Davenport Hoggins (27 May 1862 – 28 April 1923) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Hobart. In 1898 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as the member for Hobart. He lost his seat in March 1900 but returned in December, serving until April 1903. His last appearance in politics was when he was elected to the multi-member seat of Denison as a Nationalist in 1917 following a recount caused by Walter Woods's resignation. He was defeated in 1919 and died in 1923 in Sorell.

Electoral district of Hobart
The electoral district of Hobart was a multi-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in Tasmania's capital city, Hobart.

It was created at the 1897 election under a trial of the Hare-Clark electoral model along with the seat of Electoral district of Launceston. It continued for two terms, before being broken up again in 1903 into Central, East, North, South and West Hobart. In 1909, the entire state adopted Hare-Clark, and the Hobart region became part of the Denison division.
Robert Stanton (soccer)
Robert Stanton (born 15 April 1972 in Sydney, Australia) is a former Australian football (soccer) player, recently head coach for Newcastle Jets's A-league side and current assistant of Iraq. He primarily played as a defender.

OFC Men's Champions League
The OFC Men's Champions League is the premier men's club football competition in Oceania. It is organised by the OFC, Oceania's football governing body. Beginning as the Oceania Club Championship (1987–2006), it has been organised since 2007 under its current format. The first four Club Championship titles were won by Australian clubs. Since 2006, when Australia left the OFC, 16 OFC titles have been won by clubs from New Zealand, one by a Papua New Guinean club and one by a New Caledonian club.

Trophies for OFC tournament winners are made by London-based silversmiths Thomas Lyte. The winning club used to qualify for the FIFA Intercontinental Cup, entering at the African–Asian–Pacific Cup play-off stage. Additionally, the best-ranked champion in a 4-year period, Auckland City FC, qualified for the 2025 edition of the FIFA Club World Cup. Qualifications for those tournaments are now handled by the OFC Professional League.
Callirhytis quercussuttoni
Callirhytis quercussuttoni, the gouty stem gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp. Its galls appear on oaks in the red oak group (section Lobatae) (including Quercus agrifolia and Q. wisizleni) on the west coast of North America.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Ezekiel Babcock
Ezekiel Babcock (August 22, 1828 – April 16, 1905) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Westerlo, New York, Babcock moved to Ceresco, Wisconsin (now Ripon, Wisconsin) in 1852. He was a farmer and served as chairman of the Ripon Town Board. In 1882, Babcock served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican.

Ceresco, Wisconsin
Ceresco, also known as the Wisconsin Phalanx, was a commune founded in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin in 1844 by followers of the communitarian socialist ideas of Charles Fourier. About 180 people lived in the Association at its peak, farming nearly 2,000 acres. It was one of the three longest-lived Fourierist Associations in the United States, dissolving in 1850, and was unique for having assets which exceeded liabilities at the time of its termination.

Since the Fourierist Association had registered their community under state law, the village of Ceresco, Wisconsin survived the collapse of the utopian socialist experiment of the 1840s. Remaining members of the Wisconsin Phalanx later formed a living cooperative and study group called the Ceresco Union in 1855, espousing the doctrines of religious freethought and interpersonal free love until dispersed by a mob of outraged citizens.

In 1858 the remaining inhabitants of Ceresco were annexed by the nearby town of Ripon, Wisconsin.
Rodrigo Massa
Rodrigo Massa (born March 26, 1989, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo), is a Brazilian actor, singer and television host who lives and works between Mexico City and Los Angeles. Best known in Latin America for his work on Mexican TV shows such as El Dragón: Return of a Warrior, La Piloto and Like, Rodrigo took his first steps in Hollywood five years ago, where he landed his first leading roles on Lifetime's Merry Textmas and on Eli Roth's Urban Legend. He is currently part of the main cast of CTV's The Spencer Sisters, alongside Lea Thompson and Stacey Farber, which is now airing in the United States, every Wednesday on the CW.

Stacey Farber
Stacey Farber (born August 25, 1987) is a Canadian actress. After making an uncredited appearance in season 1, she played Ellie Nash in seasons 2 through 8 of the television series Degrassi: The Next Generation. From 2010 to 2011, she starred in the CBC series 18 to Life. From 2014 to 2017, she played Sydney Katz on the Canadian medical drama Saving Hope, and since 2023 she has had a lead role on The Spencer Sisters. Stacey has also recurred on the Netflix drama series Virgin River and The CW superhero series Superman & Lois.
Buk District, Daegu
Buk District (Korean: 북구; RR: Buk-gu; lit. north district) is a district in northwestern Daegu, South Korea. It adjoins Chilgok County on the north. The area is  93.99 km2. The population is about 414,883.

Buk District was first created as an office of Daegu in 1938, during the period of Japanese rule. It was raised to the status of a district in 1963. For most of the twentieth century, Buk District was purely an administrative division of Daegu, without any local autonomy. The first district council was inaugurated in 1991, and the first district head was elected in 1995, as part of nationwide local government reforms.

Kyungpook National University and Yeungjin College are located in Buk District.

Yeungjin College
Yeungjin University, formerly Yeungjin College, is a private technical college located in Buk-gu, Daegu, South Korea.   Information technology is the principal academic focus; however, courses of study in other fields such as nursing and international tourism are also provided.

Yeungjin University also operates Yeungjin Cyber College, which since 2002 has offered its own two-year courses of study in fields such as computer science and multimedia, e-management, social welfare, and real estate.  The cyber college employs seven full-time instructors and 41 adjunct faculty, teaching a virtual student body of about 800.
Mamie Gwinn Hodder
Mary Mackall "Mamie" Gwinn Hodder (February 2, 1860 – November 11, 1940) was an American educator. She taught at Bryn Mawr College, and was one of the founders of the Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore. Her relationships with M. Carey Thomas and Alfred Hodder were fictionalized in Gertrude Stein's short novel Fernhurst (1905).

Bryn Mawr College
Bryn Mawr College (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR, Welsh: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a private women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically women's colleges in the United States. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. It was one of the first women's colleges in the United States to offer graduate education through a PhD.
Keppies Niemann
Johannes Jacobus "Keppies" Niemann (born 19 September 1936) is a retired South African politician. He represented the National Party (NP) and New National Party (NNP) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2004, gaining election in 1994 and 1999. He represented the Northern Cape constituency. When the NNP joined the Democratic Alliance in 2000, he was appointed as the alliance's spokesman on transport.

Niemann left Parliament after the 2004 general election. He formerly represented the NP in the apartheid-era House of Assembly, and at the time of his departure in 2004 he was considered by News24 to be "the most senior member of the party in a public position".

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Edward Williams (cricketer, born 1925)
Edward Lovell Williams (15 September 1925 – 24 December 2013) was an English cricketer. Williams was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Shaftesbury, Dorset.

Williams made a single first-class appearance for Leicestershire against Gloucestershire at Grace Road in the 1949 County Championship. In Leicestershire's first-innings of 195 all out, Williams was run out for 10 runs. In Gloucestershire's first-innings response of 449/8 declared, Williams took figures of 2/33 with the ball. In Leicestershire's second-innings of 172 all out, he was dismissed for 3 runs by Sam Cook. Gloucestershire won the match by an innings and 82 runs. This was his only major appearance for the county.

He died at Chester, Cheshire on 24 December 2013.

1949 County Championship
The 1949 County Championship was the 50th officially organised running of the County Championship.

The Championship was shared for the first time in its history between Middlesex County Cricket Club and Yorkshire County Cricket Club.
USS Makassar Strait
USS Makassar Strait (CVE-91) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier of the United States Navy. She was named after the Battle of Makassar Strait, an early naval engagement to the east of Borneo. Launched in March 1944, and commissioned in April, she served in support of the Battle of Okinawa. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet. She was decommissioned in August 1946, when she was mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Ultimately, she was used as a target, and she was accidentally run aground on San Nicolas Island in April 1961. Her wreckage survived until at least 1965.

Battle of Makassar Strait
The Battle of Makassar Strait, also known as the Action of Madura Strait, the Action North of Lombok Strait and the Battle of the Flores Sea, was a naval battle of the Pacific theater of World War II. An American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) fleet—under Schout-bij-nacht (Rear Admiral) Karel Doorman—was on its way to intercept a Japanese invasion convoy reported as bound for Surabaya (its destination was actually Makassar), when it was attacked by 36 Mitsubishi G4M1 "Betty" and 24 Mitsubishi G3M2 "Nell" medium bombers, which forced the fleet to retreat.

The battle occurred on 4 February 1942 in the Bali Sea, in south  of the Kangean Islands. This battle should not be confused with the Battle of Balikpapan, which occurred over a week earlier on 24 January 1942, which is also sometimes referred to as the "Battle of Makassar Strait".
Dave Ryan (rugby union)
Dave Ryan is an Irish professional rugby union player, currently playing for SU Agen in the French Top 14. Ryan plays as a prop. He previously played for Dolphin, Munster, Zebre and Lazio.

Ryan played for Munster between 2009 and 2010 after being promoted from a development contract.

It was announced in Spring 2011 that Ryan was leaving Munster to join Lazio Roma in Italy. He moved to Zebre for the 2012–13 season.

In April 2014, it was announced that he would join Ulster on a 2-year deal from the 2014–15 season.

Ryan was included in the USA preliminary squad for the summer tests during 2012, being eligible through his American mother, but turned down the chance as to continue playing professionally in Italy.

Zebre Parma
Zebre Parma (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdzɛbre], meaning "Zebras") are an Italian professional rugby union team competing in the United Rugby Championship and EPCR competitions from the 2012–13 season. They are based in Parma (Emilia-Romagna), Italy. They are operated by the Italian Rugby Federation (FIR) and replaced Aironi in the Pro12.

Zebre Parma, often referred to as "the XV of the North-West" (Italian: il XV del Nord-Ovest), represents the four committees of Emilia-Romagna, Liguria, Lombardy and Piedmont, which includes tens of thousands of members and several clubs. Since 2018, it represents also teams from others committees like Abruzzo, Lazio, Marche, Tuscany and Sicily. The team was officially named Zebre Parma at the start of the 2021–22 United Rugby Championship season.
Horizon Studios
Horizon Studios was a set of recording studios in Coventry, England. They were created from a converted stable near Coventry Station by entrepreneur Barry Thomas.  They were used to record music by 2-Tone bands such as Bad Manners, The Selecter and The Specials. The Rocket pub nearby was associated with the studios as it was often used for refreshments.  Both places have been demolished but are commemorated by plaques at the station.

Bad Manners
Bad Manners are an English two-tone and ska band led by frontman Buster Bloodvessel. Early appearances included Top of the Pops and the live film documentary Dance Craze (1981).

They were at their most popular during the early 1980s, during a period when other ska revival bands such as Madness, the English Beat, the Specials and the Selecter filled the charts. Bad Manners spent 111 weeks in the UK Singles Chart between 1980 and 1983, and they also achieved chart success with their first four studio albums, with Ska 'n' B (1980), Loonee Tunes! (1980), and Gosh It's ... Bad Manners (1981) being their biggest hits.