hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the graphical user interface
The history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade span of incremental refinements, built on some constant core principles. Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code, but with basic elements in common that define the WIMP "window, icon, menu and pointing device" paradigm.

There have been important technological achievements, and enhancements to the general interaction in small steps over previous systems. There have been a few significant breakthroughs in terms of use, but the same organizational metaphors and interaction idioms are still in use.  Desktop computers are often controlled by computer mice and/or keyboards while laptops often have a pointing stick or touchpad, and smartphones and tablet computers have a touchscreen.  The influence of game computers and joystick operation has been omitted.

Mission Control (macOS)
Mission Control is a feature of the macOS operating system. Dashboard, Exposé, and Spaces were combined and renamed Mission Control in 2011 with the release of Mac OS X 10.7 Lion. Exposé was first previewed on June 23, 2003, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference as a feature of the then forthcoming Mac OS X 10.3 Panther.

Mission Control allows a user to do the following:

View all open application windows

View all open application windows of a specific application

Hide all application windows and show the desktop

Manage application windows across multiple monitors

Manage application windows across multiple virtual desktops
Guduvancheri
Guduvancheri is a southern suburb of the Indian city of Chennai. It forms part of the Nandivaram-Guduvancheri municipality in Chengalpattu district. As per the 2011 census, Guduvancheri had a population of 44,098 individuals. It forms part of the Chengalpattu Assembly constituency and Kancheepuram Lok Sabha constituency.

Guduvancheri is located on the National Highway 32. It is served by the Guduvancheri railway station, which forms part of the South Line of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network.

Kancheepuram Lok Sabha constituency
12°49′N 79°43′E﻿ / ﻿12.82°N 79.71°E﻿ / 12.82; 79.71

Kancheepuram is a newly formed Lok Sabha (Parliament of India) constituency after the 2008 delimitation. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 6 of 39.

The constituency originally existed for the 1951 election.

This constituency is reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates.
Compound of twenty triangular prisms
This uniform polyhedron compound is a symmetric arrangement of 20 triangular prisms, aligned in pairs with the axes of three-fold rotational symmetry of an icosahedron.

It results from composing the two enantiomorphs of the compound of 10 triangular prisms. In doing so, the vertices of the two enantiomorphs coincide, with the result that the full compound has two triangular prisms incident on each of its vertices.

Chirality (mathematics)
In geometry, a figure is chiral (and said to have chirality) if it is not identical to its mirror image, or, more precisely, if it cannot be mapped to its mirror image by rotations and translations alone. An object that is not chiral is said to be achiral.

A chiral object and its mirror image are said to be enantiomorphs. The word chirality is derived from the Greek χείρ (cheir), the hand, the most familiar chiral object; the word enantiomorph stems from the Greek ἐναντίος (enantios) 'opposite' + μορφή (morphe) 'form'.
DPHS
DPHS, in the United States, may stand for:

Deer Park High School (disambiguation):
Deer Park Junior/Senior High School, Cincinnati, Ohio
Deer Park High School (New York), Deer Park, New York, on Long Island
Deer Park High School (Texas), in the Deer Park Independent School District, Deer Park, Texas

Dr. Phillips High School, Orlando, Florida

Dos Pueblos High School Goleta, California

De Pere High School, a senior high school in De Pere, Wisconsin

Deer Park High School (New York)
Deer Park High School is a public high school in the town of Deer Park in suburban Long Island, New York. It is the only high school in the Deer Park School Union Free School District and serves students in grades 9–12.
George Alexander (English cricketer)
George Caledon Alexander (4 October 1842 – 8 April 1913) was an English first-class cricketer. Alexander's batting style is unknown. He was born at Epsom, Surrey.

Alexander made three first-class appearances. The first came for the Gentlemen of the South against the Players of the South at The Oval in 1866. His second appearance came for Surrey against Sussex in 1869 at the Royal Brunswick Ground, Hove. His third first-class appearance came in 1876 for the Gentlemen of England against Oxford University at the Magdalen Ground, Oxford. He scored 14 runs in his three matches, at an average of 3.50, with a high score of 10.

He died at Westminster, London, on 8 April 1913.

Magdalen Ground
The Magdalen Ground (also known as the Old Magdalen Ground) was a cricket ground in Oxford, England. The ground was owned by the University of Oxford and used by Magdalen College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Originally forming the northern point of Cowley Marsh, the ground was initially associated with the Magdalen College School, whose students played cricket there. By 1829, the Oxford University Cricket Club had been given a part of the marsh where the College School played cricket. In 1851, it was purchased at auction by the University of Oxford and leased to the University Cricket Club. The ground operated as a first-class cricket venue from 1829 to 1880, hosting 69 first-class matches. The University Cricket Club left the ground following the 1880 season to play at the University Parks from 1881.
Deharkuchi
Deharkuchi  is a village of Nalbari district in Western Assam under 11 No. Deharkuchi Gram Panchayat of Borigog Banbhag Development Block. This village is located 14 km towards east from Nalbari district headquarters.

Nalbari district
Nalbari district (Pron: nɔ:lˈbɑ:ri) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters is located at Nalbari. The district derives its name from the combination of two words, "Nal" and "Bar."

It is situated in the lower region of the Brahmaputra Valley and shares its borders with Baksa, Kamrup, Bajali, Barpeta, and Tamulpur districts.
Pieter De Crem
Pieter Frans Norbert Jozef Raymond De Crem (pronounced [ˈpitər də ˈkrɛm]; born 22 July 1962) is a Belgian politician and member of Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V). He has been a Member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives since 1995. He headed the CD&V fraction in the Chamber of Representatives from 2003 to 2007. From 1995 to 2025, he was the mayor of Aalter in East Flanders. In September 2025, Pieter De Crem was forced to resign following a finding that the city systematically discriminated against foreigners and people with migration background trying to settle in Aalster.

De Crem became the Belgian minister of defense on 21 December 2007. On 5 March 2013, he was also appointed First Deputy Prime Minister in the Belgian federal government. From 11 October 2014 to 9 December 2018, he served as Secretary of State for Foreign Trade in the Michel I Government. He was subsequently appointed Minister for Security and the Interior under the Michel II Government.

Michel II Government
The Michel II Government was the Federal Government of Belgium, led by Prime Minister Charles Michel from 18 December 2018 until 27 October 2019 when it was succeeded by the Wilmès I Government. It was a centre minority coalition cabinet of Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V), the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open Vld) and the Reformist Movement (MR). On 26 October 2019, it was announced that Sophie Wilmès would take over the role of Prime Minister from Michel on 1 November 2019, and form a new government.
2026 District of Columbia Attorney General election
The 2026 District of Columbia Attorney General election will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the Attorney General for the District of Columbia to a four-year term. The primary election will be held on June 16. Incumbent Democratic attorney general Brian Schwalb is running for re-election.

Attorney General for the District of Columbia
The Attorney General for the District of Columbia is the chief legal officer of the District of Columbia. The position has been elected by popular vote of D.C. residents since 2015. The current attorney general is Brian Schwalb, who has served since January 2, 2023.

Due to D.C.'s unique status as a federal enclave and not part of a state, the attorney general's position is unique, and shares some similarities with other states' attorneys general, some with local prosecutors and some with municipal legal departments.

The attorney general enforces many of the district's laws, provides advice and counsel the local government and departments, and assists consumers and others in the district. He is responsible for prosecuting juvenile criminal law and some misdemeanor crimes for adults, but adult felonies and other prosecutions are handled by the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, a federal Department of Justice official who is appointed by and reports to the president.
2020 GP de Plouay
The 2020 GP de Plouay featured as the third round of the 2020 UCI Women's World Tour and was held on 25 August 2020, in Plouay, France. The race was held on the same day as the men's Bretagne Classic, during the 2020 European Road Championships which were also held in Plouay.

Plouay
Plouay (French pronunciation: [pluɛ]; Breton: Ploue) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.

Plouay hosts the GP Ouest-France and the GP de Plouay, annual cycling races (a men's and women's race, respectively). It was also the location of the UCI Road World Championships in 2000. The Tour de France has visited this town three times: in 1998, 2002 and in 2006.
Philippine revolts against Spain
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines (1565–1898), there were several revolts against the Spanish colonial government by indigenous Moro, Lumad, Indios, Chinese (Sangleys), and Insulares (Filipinos of full or near full Spanish descent), often with the goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged to Lumad communities, Maginoo rajah, and Moro datus. Some revolts stemmed from land problems and this was largely the cause of the insurrections that transpired in the agricultural provinces of Batangas, Ilocos sur, Cavite, and Laguna. Natives also rebelled over unjust taxation and forced labor.

Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population sided up with the well-armed colonial government, and to fight with Spanish as foot soldiers to put down the revolts.

In Mindanao and Sulu, a continuous fight for sovereignty was sustained by the Moro people and their allies for the whole duration of Spanish conquest and rule.

Lumad
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous peoples in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning 'native' or 'indigenous'. The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (lit. 'indigenous people'), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato. Usage of the term was accepted in Philippine jurisprudence when President Corazon Aquino signed into law Republic Act 6734, where the word was used in Art. XIII sec. 8(2) to distinguish Lumad ethnic communities from the islands of Mindanao.

Mindanao is home to a substantial part of the country's indigenous population, comprising around 15% of the Philippine population.
Monica Barni
Monica Barni (born 5 April 1961) is an Italian linguist and academic specializing in language teaching, sociolinguistics, language assessment, and linguistic rights. She is full professor of modern language teaching at the Università per Stranieri di Siena, where she served as rector from 2013 to 2015. She also served as vice president of Tuscany in the second regional government led by Enrico Rossi.

Language assessment
Language assessment or language testing is a field of study under the umbrella of applied linguistics.  Its main focus is the assessment of first, second or other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, and asylum contexts. The assessment may include listening, speaking, reading, writing, an integration of two or more of these skills, or other constructs of language ability. Equal weight may be placed on knowledge (understanding how the language works theoretically) and proficiency (ability to use the language practically), or greater weight may be given to one aspect or the other.
I-GO
I-GO was a Chicago-based car sharing organization which is owned by Enterprise Holdings. It was established in 2002 by the Center for Neighborhood Technology as an independent 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization working in the fields of urban livability and sustainability. I-GO was sold to Enterprise Holdings in May 2013 and re-branded as Enterprise CarShare.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
J. Charles Jones
Joseph Charles Jones (August 23, 1937 – December 27, 2019) was an American civil rights leader, attorney, co-founder of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and chairperson of the SNCC's direct action committee.

Jones was born in Chester, South Carolina.  In 1961 Jones joined the Freedom Riders driving from Atlanta, Georgia, to Birmingham, Alabama; he was later arrested in Montgomery, Alabama. He led and participated in several sit-in movements during the 1960s. In 1966, Jones organized an activist organization called the Action Coordinating Committee to End Segregation in the Suburbs or ACCESS.

He was a graduate of Howard University Law School (1966). Jones passed the North Carolina State Bar in 1976. He also served as the chairperson for the Biddleville/Smallwood/Five Points Neighborhood Association.

Attorney at law
Attorney at law or attorney-at-law, usually abbreviated in everyday speech to attorney, is the preferred term for a practising lawyer in certain jurisdictions, including South Africa (for certain lawyers), Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the United States. The term has its roots in the verb to attorn, meaning to transfer one's rights and obligations to another.
Glyptothorax exodon
Glyptothorax exodon is a species of sisorid catfish.

Location:  They typically inhabit fast flowing hillstreams or faster-flowing stretches of larger rivers.   It is only found in  the drainage basin of the Kapuas River, Borneo.

Identification:

This species can be readily distinguished from most other Glyptothorax species of the region by its slender body. The only possible confusion is with Glyptothorax platypogonides (as which this species was originally misidentified) and Glyptothorax siamensis but G. exodon can be identified by its relatively large eye, uniformly mottled colour without distinct pale stripes and a large area of premaxillary teeth visible when the mouth is closed.
This species of catfish possesses suction cups under its belly to allow itself to stick to smooth surfaces on the river bed, thus, allowing it to resist the fierce currents of the Kapuas River system.  This species grows to a length of 6.3 centimetres (2.5 in) SL.

Mouth
A mouth, also referred to as the oral, is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize. The body cavity immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the oral cavity (or cavum oris in Latin), is also the first part of the alimentary canal, which leads to the pharynx and the gullet. In tetrapod vertebrates, the mouth is bounded on the outside by the lips and cheeks — thus the oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity (from Latin bucca, meaning "cheek") — and contains the tongue on the inside. Except for some groups like birds and lissamphibians, vertebrates usually have teeth in their mouths, although some fish species have pharyngeal teeth instead of oral teeth.

Most bilaterian phyla, including arthropods, molluscs and chordates, have a two-opening gut tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes.
County Route 546 (New Jersey)
County Route 546 (CR 546) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway begins at Route 29 within the Titusville, New Jersey section of Hopewell Township and extends 9.98 miles (16.06 km) to U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Lawrence Township. The road runs entirely within Mercer County.

Titusville, New Jersey
Titusville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hopewell Township, Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 census, the population was 633. The area includes a post office with its own ZIP Code (08560), several restaurants, gas stations, a firehouse, and a small cluster of homes. Washington Crossing State Park, dedicated to George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River in 1776, is adjacent to the community.
William Eldon Tucker
William Eldon Tucker (17 August 1872 – 18 October 1953) was a Bermudian rugby union player who played club rugby for Cambridge University, St. George's Hospital and Blackheath. Tucker gained his first of five international caps when he was selected for England in 1894. He returned to Bermuda after qualifying as a medical doctor.

Cambridge University R.U.F.C.
The Cambridge University Rugby Union Football Club, sometimes abbreviated "CURUFC", is the rugby union club of the University of Cambridge. The team plays Oxford University RFC in the annual Varsity Match at Twickenham Stadium every December.

Cambridge players wear light blue and white hooped jerseys with a red lion crest. Many have gone on to represent their country and the British and Irish Lions; a few, most notably Dan Vickerman, James Horwill and Flip van der Merwe, have represented Cambridge after successful international careers. While at the University of Cambridge James Bevan became the first captain of the Wales national rugby union team. The CURUFC stadium is located in West Cambridge, beside Grange Road.
Crown Film Unit
The Crown Film Unit was an organisation within the British Government's Ministry of Information during the Second World War; until 1940, it was the GPO Film Unit. Its remit was to make films for the general public in Britain and abroad. Its output included short information and documentary films, as well as longer drama-documentaries, as well as a few straight drama productions.

Music was an important element. The conductor Muir Mathieson was the director of music for many productions, and notable composers commissioned to write original scores included Walter Leigh, Benjamin Britten, Ernst Meyer, Richard Addinsell, Benjamin Frankel, Christian Darnton, Guy Warrack and Arthur Benjamin.

The Crown Film Unit continued to produce films, as part of the Central Office of Information (COI), until it was disbanded in 1952.

Benjamin Frankel
Benjamin Frankel (31 January 1906 – 12 February 1973) was a British composer. His best known pieces include a cycle of five string quartets, eight symphonies, and concertos for violin and viola. He was also notable for writing over 100 film scores and working as a big band arranger in the 1930s. During the last 15 years of his life, Frankel also developed his own style of 12-note composition which retained contact with tonality.
Carr Lane, Missouri
Carr Lane is an unincorporated community in Stone County, Missouri, United States. Located at the intersection of State Routes 39 and 86, it lies approximately one mile north of the Arkansas state line and one mile east of the Stone - Barry county line. The community is part of the Branson, Missouri Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Branson, Missouri
Branson is a resort city in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city is situated in Taney County, with a small portion in the west extending into Stone County. Branson is in the Ozark Mountains. The community was named after Reuben Branson, postmaster and operator of a general store in the area in the 1880s. The population was 12,638 at the 2020 census, and its population constitutes nearly one fourth of the Taney County population.

Branson has long been a popular destination for vacationers from Missouri and around the country. The collection of entertainment theaters along 76 Country Boulevard (and to a lesser extent along Shepherd of the Hills Expressway), including Dolly Parton's Stampede, has increased Branson's popularity as a tourist destination. Branson is the site of the Branson Cross, the largest cross monument in North America.
Ignaz Fränzl
Ignaz Fränzl (3 June 1736 – 6 September 1811 (buried)) was a German violinist, composer and representative of the second generation of the so-called Mannheim School. Mozart, who heard him at a concert in November 1777, wrote of him in a letter to his father: He may not be a sorcerer, but he is a very solid violinist indeed. Fränzl carried the Mannheim violin technique, established by Johann Stamitz, one step further to real virtuosity. Mozart, quite a good violinist himself and thoroughly acquainted with the instrument, praised Fränzl's double trill and said he had never heard a better one.

Johann Stamitz
Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz (Czech: Jan Václav Antonín Stamic; 18 June 1717 – 27 March 1757) was a Czech composer and violinist. Johann is considered the founding father of the Mannheim school, a composition style that his two surviving sons, Carl and Anton Stamitz, continued. His music is stylistically transitional between the Baroque and Classical periods and he is recognized for many innovations.
Ľudovít Lancz
Ľudovít Lancz (2 June 1964 – 20 July 2004) was a professional footballer who played as a midfielder or forward. In eight seasons in the Czechoslovak First League, Lancz made 153 appearances and scored a total of 24 goals. He played for Slovan Bratislava in the 1991–92 Czechoslovak First League, with the club winning the league title that season. He made two appearances for the Czechoslovakia national team scoring once.

Having left a suicide note, he died at the age of 40, after falling from his 11th-floor apartment in Bratislava on 20 July 2004.

ŠK Slovan Bratislava
ŠK Slovan Bratislava (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈslɔʋam ˈbracislaʋa], "Bratislava Slavs") is a professional football club based in Bratislava, Slovakia, that plays in the Slovak First Football League. Founded as I. ČSŠK Bratislava in 1919, the club changed its name to Slovan Bratislava in 1953. Slovan is the most successful team in Slovakia with the most titles in both league and cup in the country.

Slovan Bratislava became the first and so far only club in Slovakia as well as former Czechoslovakia to win one of the European cup competitions, the Cup Winners' Cup when they defeated FC Barcelona in the final in Basel in 1969. The club also supplied seven players to the victorious Czechoslovakia team of UEFA Euro 1976.