hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andy Orchard
Andrew Philip McDowell Orchard, FRSC, FBA (born 27 February 1964) is a British academic of Old English, Norse and Celtic literature. He is Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford. He was previously Provost of Trinity College, Toronto, from 2007 to 2013. In 2021, claims of sexual harassment and assault by Orchard were publicised, which were alleged to have taken place at universities where he has worked, including the University of Cambridge and the University of Toronto.

Celtic literature
Celtic literature is the body of literature written in one of the Celtic languages, or else it may popularly refer to literature written in other languages which is based on the traditional narratives found in early Celtic literature.
Totternhoe F.C.
Totternhoe Football Club is a football club based in Totternhoe, near Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England. The club is affiliated to the Bedfordshire County Football Association. They play in the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Max Roser
Max Roser (born 1983) is a German economist and philosopher who focuses on large global problems such as poverty, disease, hunger, climate change, war, existential risks, and inequality.

Roser is a professor at the University of Oxford, where he directs the program on global development, based at the Oxford Martin School. He is the founder and director of the research publication Our World in Data.

In 2025, he received an honorary doctorate from the Universities of KU Leuven and UCLouvain.

Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, endangering or even destroying modern civilization. Existential risk is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential.

In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures, and either advocate for or implement these measures.
Hajji Muhammad Arif Zarif
Hajji Muhammad Arif Zarif (1942 in Shewaki, Kabul, Afghanistan; † November 6, 2007) was a prominent Afghan politician and businessman. He graduated from Afghanistan's military academy. He was the chairman of the Afghanistan Chamber Reform Commission and a member of the Afghan National Parliament, as well as Chairman of the Parliamentary Economics Committee and owner of several private companies. He was a wealthy businessman that owned many properties and enterprises. Arif Zarif was part of a delegation of politicians and lawmakers, several of whom were killed in the 2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing, a suicide attack in Baghlan, northern Afghanistan, on November 6, 2007. He was buried in a state ceremony in Kabul three days later.

Arif Zarif was also a nephew of former Afghan parliamentarian Haji Abdul Rasul.

Hajji Muhammad was born in the village of Shewaki which is located in the Bagrami district in the Kabul province.

Baghlan
Baghlan , also known as Markazi Baghlan or Baghlan-i-Markazi, is a city in northern Afghanistan, in the eponymous Baghlan Province. It is within the jurisdiction of Baghlan District and has an estimated population of 219,073 people. The current mayor of the city is Qari Lutfullah Ubaidah.

Baghlan is located 4.8 km (3.0 mi) east of the Kunduz River and 56 km (35 mi) south of the Khanabad River. The city is about 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level in the northern Hindu Kush mountains. The city of Puli Khumri is known to be an economic hub connected to eight other provinces by the Afghanistan Ring Road, also known as National Highway 01.
The Real Housewives of Potomac season 6
The sixth season of The Real Housewives of Potomac, an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It premiered on July 11, 2021, and is primarily filmed in Potomac, Maryland. Its executive producers are Steven Weinstock, Glenda Hersh, Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton-Lawson, Thomas Kelly and Andy Cohen. The season focuses on the lives of Gizelle Bryant, Ashley Darby, Robyn Dixon, Karen Huger, Candiace Dillard Bassett, Wendy Osefo and Mia Thornton. Additionally, Askale Davis is featured as a friend of the housewives.

Wendy Osefo
Wendy Onyinye Osefo (née Ozuzu, born May 21, 1984) is a Nigerian-American political commentator, public affairs academic, and television personality. She is a main cast member of The Real Housewives of Potomac. Wendy practices in the field of journalism and has received awards recognizing her contributions to the field of journalism.
Utah State Route 235
State Route 235 (SR-235), also known as Washington Boulevard, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Spanning 3.2 miles (5.1 km), it serves as a north/south minor arterial road through Weber County, connecting US-89 in Ogden to SR-134 in North Ogden.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Lasse Stefanz stora julparty
Lasse Stefanz stora julparty is a Lasse Stefanz studio album, released on 4 December 2013. The album topped the Swedish albums chart. Despite the title, the album consists of no Christmas songs, but instead features ordinary songs.

Lasse Stefanz
Lasse Stefanz is a Swedish dansband formed in Kristianstad in 1967. The band was popular during the 1980s. The band was formed by Hans Sigfridsson, Lars Sigfridsson and Olle Jönsson. Later members are Christer Ericsson, Anders Pettersson and Gunnar Nilsson. Olle Jönsson is the singer, as well as the ex-drummer. Lasse Stefanz had hits with songs as "Oh, Julie" (1982) and released albums as Peppelinos Bar (1988). 1989-1990, Lasse Stefanz and Christina Lindberg had a Svensktoppen hit with the song "De sista ljuva åren". In 1989, Lasse Stefanz was awarded a Grammis for "Dansband of the year".

The band participated in Melodifestivalen 2011 with the song "En blick och något händer." They participated in Melodifestivalen 2024 with "En sång om sommaren", being eliminated from their heat on 24 February 2024.
United Methodist Church of the Resurrection
Resurrection, A United Methodist Church also known as The United Methodist Church of the Resurrection, or simply Church of the Resurrection, is a multi-site, United Methodist megachurch in Kansas City metropolitan area. The original campus is located in Leawood, Kansas, with additional locations in Olathe, Kansas, downtown Kansas City, Missouri, Blue Springs, Missouri, Overland Park, Kansas, Brookside, Kansas City, Missouri. Spring Hill, Kansas, Liberty, Missouri, Lee's Summit, Missouri. It is one of the largest United Methodist congregations in the world and reported a membership of 24,000 in 2025. The United Methodist Saint Paul School of Theology moved its facilities from Kansas City, Missouri, to the Church of the Resurrection in fall of 2013.

The Church of the Resurrection’s founding and senior pastor is Reverend Adam Hamilton. Hamilton started the congregation in 1990. Hamilton is committed to the renewal of the mainline church, especially the United Methodist Church.

Megachurch
A megachurch is a church with a very large membership. Most megachurches offer a variety of educational and social activities and are evangelical, although the term "evangelical" usually denotes a type of organization, not a denomination. Megachurches are generally defined as any (typically Protestant) Christian church that on average draws 2,000 or more people per week.

The first megachurch was established in London in 1861. More emerged in the 20th century, especially in the United States, and expanded rapidly through the 1980s and 1990s. In the 21st century, megachurches became widespread in the United States and a growing phenomenon in several African countries and Australia. In the late 2000s and early 2010s, they shifted away from traditional architecture, with many newer ones having stadium-type seating; some, such as Lakewood Church, are even based in former or active arenas.
Inter de Barinas
Club Deportivo Internacional de Barinas, known as Inter de Barinas and previously named Club Deportivo Hermanos Colmenarez, is a Venezuelan football club based in Alberto Arvelo Torrealba Municipality, Barinas state. Founded in 2015, the club play in the Venezuelan Primera División, hosting their home matches at the Estadio Agustín Tovar in Barinas.

Alberto Arvelo Torrealba Municipality
The Alberto Arvelo Torrealba Municipality is one of the 12 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Barinas and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 41,232.  The town of Sabaneta is the County seat of the Alberto Arvelo Torrealba Municipality. The municipality is named for Alberto Arvelo Torrealba.
Paolo G. Casali
Paolo Giovanni Casali is an Italian oncologist who served as chair of the European Society for Medical Oncology public policy committee, and is head of the Adult Mesenchymal Tumour Medical Oncology Unit at Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan.

European Society for Medical Oncology
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) is a professional organisation for medical oncology. With more than 50,000 members representing oncology professionals worldwide, ESMO was founded in 1975.
Mars 3
Mars 3 was a robotic space probe of the Soviet Mars program, launched May 28, 1971, nine days after its twin spacecraft Mars 2. The probes were identical robotic spacecraft launched by Proton-K rockets with a Blok D upper stage, each consisting of an orbiter and an attached lander.

After the Mars 2 lander crashed on the Martian surface, the Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft to attain a soft landing on Mars, on December 2, 1971.  However, it failed 110 seconds after landing, having transmitted only a gray image with no details. The Mars 2 orbiter and Mars 3 orbiter continued to circle Mars and transmit images back to Earth for another eight months.

Soft landing
A soft landing is any type of aircraft, rocket or spacecraft landing that does not result in significant damage to or destruction of the vehicle or its payload, as opposed to a hard landing. The average vertical speed of a soft landing (on Earth) should be about 2 meters (6.6 ft) per second or less.

A soft landing can be achieved by

Parachute—often this is into water.

Vertical rocket power using retrorockets, often referred to as VTVL (vertical landing referred to as VTOL, is usually for aircraft landing in a level attitude, rather than rockets) — first achieved on a suborbital trajectory by Bell Rocket Belt and on an orbital trajectory by the Surveyor 1.

Horizontal landing, most aircraft and some spacecraft, such as the Space Shuttle, land this way accompanied with a parachute.

Being caught in midair, as done with Corona spy satellites and followed by some other form of landing.

Reducing landing speed by impact with the body's surface, known as lithobraking.
Lawing, Missouri
Lawing is an extinct town in Christian County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community was located on Logan Ridge along the south edge of the Springfield Plateau. Missouri Route W passes through the location and Christian Center is about one mile to the north. The city of Ozark is approximately seven miles to the north-northwest.

A post office called Lawing was established in 1898, and remained in operation until 1917. The community was named after Billie Lawing, a pioneer citizen.

Ozark, Missouri
Ozark is a city in and the county seat of Christian County, Missouri, United States, that is on Finley Creek. Its population was 21,284 as of the 2020 census.  Ozark is also the third largest city in the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Area, and is centered along a business loop of US 65, where it intersects with MO 14.
Vietnamese sign languages
The three deaf-community sign languages indigenous to Vietnam are found in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and Haiphong. The HCMC and Hanoi languages especially have been influenced by the French Sign Language (LSF) once taught in schools, and have absorbed a large amount of LSF vocabulary.

The Vietnamese languages are part of a sign language area that includes indigenous sign languages of Laos and Thailand, though it is not known if they are genealogically related to each other. The influence of LSF may have obscured the links: the highest cognacy is with Haiphong Sign, which has been the least influenced by LSF.

There are attempts to develop a national standard language, Vietnamese Sign Language (Vietnamese: Ngôn ngữ ký hiệu Việt Nam).

French Sign Language
French Sign Language (French: langue des signes française, LSF) is the sign language of deaf and hard-of-hearing people in France and in French-speaking parts of Switzerland.  According to Ethnologue, it has 100,000 native signers.

French Sign Language is related and partially ancestral to Dutch Sign Language (NGT), Flemish Sign Language (VGT), Belgian-French Sign Language (LSFB), Irish Sign Language (ISL), American Sign Language (ASL), Quebec (also known as French Canadian) Sign Language (LSQ), Brazilian Sign Language (LSB or Libras) and Russian Sign Language (RSL).
Tall Tales Taste Like Sour Grapes
"Tall Tales Taste Like Sour Grapes" is a song by the American art rock band, Fair to Midland. It was originally the ninth track on their album Fables from a Mayfly: What I Tell You Three Times Is True, and was released as their second single in 2007. The song was first released on their independent sampler disc, Selections from Fables from a Mayfly.

Fair to Midland
Fair to Midland was an American alternative metal band based in Texas. They produced two self-released albums before signing to Serjical Strike Records, Serj Tankian's vanity label at Universal Republic. There, they released their only major record label album, Fables from a Mayfly, in 2007. While the album broke into the Billboard 200, they eventually parted ways with Serjical Strike and later released their fourth album Arrows and Anchors in July 2011. Tentative plans for a fifth album had been discussed at the end of the Arrows and Anchors touring cycle, but the band became inactive in 2013.
Andrew Train
Andrew John Train MBE (born 21 September 1963) is a British sprint canoeist and marathon canoeist who competed from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s (decade). He won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two silvers (C-2 10000 m: 1985, 1995), and five bronzes (C-2 1000 m: 1997, C-1 10000 m: 1991, C-2 10000 m: 1987, 1989, 1991).

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Kaberle
Kaberle is a Czech surname, its female form is Kaberlová. Notable people with the surname include:

František Kaberle (born 1973), Czech ice hockey player

František Kaberle Sr. (born 1951), Czech ice hockey player

Tomáš Kaberle (born 1978), Czech ice hockey player

Tomáš Kaberle
Tomáš Kaberle (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈkabɛrlɛ]; born March 2, 1978) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL), most notably for the Toronto Maple Leafs, as well as for the Boston Bruins, with whom he won the Stanley Cup, Carolina Hurricanes and the Montreal Canadiens. Kaberle also played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Kladno and HC Kometa Brno.

A four-time NHL All-Star, Kaberle also played for the Czech national team and won a bronze medal with the team at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Kaberle is currently the second-highest scoring defenceman in Maple Leafs franchise history, behind only Börje Salming.
2022 London local elections
The 2022 London local elections took place on 5 May 2022, as part of the 2022 United Kingdom local elections. All London borough councillor seats were up for election. Mayoral elections took place in Hackney, Lewisham, Newham and Tower Hamlets, with Croydon electing a mayor for the first time following a local referendum in October 2021.

The election saw Labour gain majority control of Barnet, Wandsworth and Westminster councils whilst the Conservatives gained majority control of Harrow Council and the Aspire Party gained control of Tower Hamlets Council, both from Labour. Labour also lost Croydon Council to no overall control. Of the four existing mayoralties, Labour held three but lost the position of mayor of Tower Hamlets to Lutfur Rahman of the Aspire Party, who had previously been removed from the same office after being found guilty of "corrupt or illegal practices" by an election court. The Conservative candidate Jason Perry won the newly created Croydon mayoralty.

Jason Perry (politician)
Jason Stephen Perry is a Conservative Party politician who has served as the directly elected Mayor of Croydon, a Borough within London, since 2022. He was previously the Leader of the Opposition of the Croydon London Borough Council and has been Leader of the Croydon Council Conservative Group since September 2020.
Josh Balk
Josh Balk (born September 24, 1979) is an American activist, CEO of The Accountability Board, which he co-founded. Previously, he was vice president of farm animal protection for the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) farm animal division. In addition, he is a cofounder of Eat Just, a food technology company. Prior to working with HSUS and founding Eat Just, he was known for his work at Animal Outlook (formerly Compassion Over Killing). Balk is best known for leading successful legislative campaigns for farm animals, along with his work with food companies in enacting animal welfare policies that include eliminating gestation crates for breeding pigs and battery cages for chickens. He is also known for his work with the food industry to shift its focus onto plant-based foods.

Battery cage
Battery cages are a housing system used by factory farms for various animal production methods, but primarily for egg-laying hens. The name arises from the arrangement of rows and columns of identical cages connected, in a unit, as in an artillery battery. Although the term is usually applied to poultry farming, similar cage systems are used for other animals. Battery cages have generated controversy between advocates for animal welfare and industrial producers.
Rémy Perrier
Rémy Perrier (14 June 1861, Tulle – 27 June 1936, Chaunac) was a French zoologist. He was the younger brother of zoologist Edmond Perrier (1844-1921) who directed the French National Museum of Natural History from 1900 to 1919 and founded the Friends of the Natural History Museum society in 1907.

Rémy Perrier studied natural sciences at the École normale supérieure, afterwards teaching classes in Poitiers. From 1926 to 1931 he was a professor of zoology at the faculty des sciences in Paris. He was a member of the Société des lettres, sciences et arts de la Corrèze.

Perrier specialized in research on the Prosobranchia (a subclass of snails). He is also remembered for his study of sea cucumbers, being credited with creation of the taxonomic genus Gastrothuria.

Tulle
Tulle (French: [tyl] ⓘ; Occitan: Tula [ˈtylɔ]) is a commune in central France. It is the third-largest town in the former region of Limousin and is the capital of the department of Corrèze, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Tulle is also the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tulle.

Stretching over more than three kilometres in the narrow and tortuous Corrèze valley, Tulle spreads its old quarters on the hillside overlooking the river, while the Notre-Dame cathedral emerges from the heart of the town. Known sometimes as "the town on seven hills", Tulle rose to prominence through the development of its manufacturing sector.
Flag of Essex
The Flag of Essex is the flag of the English county of Essex. The flag is ancient in origin and features three notched Saxon seaxes (cutlasses) on a red field, representing the Saxon origins of Essex.

Saxon occupation of land that was to form the Kingdom of Essex had begun by the early 5th century at Mucking and other locations. A large proportion of the original settlers came from Old Saxony. It became one of the seven kingdoms (The Heptarchy) that united to form England over the course of the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries. The seaxes used on the flag were used as a symbol of this kingdom.

Due to the antiquity of the symbol, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact date the flag was designed, but it is earliest attested in the 17th century. It was made official by the county in 1889.

Essex County Council
Essex County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Essex in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county; the non-metropolitan county excludes Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock which are both administered as separate unitary authorities. The county council has 75 councillors, elected from 70 divisions, and has been under Conservative majority control since 2001. The council meets at County Hall in the centre of Chelmsford.
Cladonia rangiferina
Cladonia rangiferina, also known as reindeer cup lichen, reindeer lichen (cf. Sw. renlav) or grey reindeer lichen, is a light-coloured fruticose, cup lichen species in the family Cladoniaceae. It grows in both hot and cold climates in well-drained, open environments. Found primarily in areas of alpine tundra, it is extremely cold-hardy.

Other common names include reindeer moss, deer moss, and caribou moss, but these names can be misleading since it is, though somewhat moss-like in appearance, not a moss. As the common names suggest, reindeer lichen is an important food for reindeer (caribou), and has economic importance as a result. Synonyms include Cladina rangiferina and Lichen rangiferinus.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.