hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Franz Drège
Johann Fran(t)z Drège (or Jean François Drège) (25 March 1794 Altona, Duchy of Holstein – 3 February 1881 Altona, Hamburg, Germany), commonly referred to by his standard botanical author abbreviation Drège, was a German horticulturalist, botanical collector and explorer of Huguenot descent.

Drège received his first training in horticulture at Göttingen and subsequently worked at botanical gardens in Munich, Berlin, St. Petersburg and Riga.

In 1826 he travelled with his younger brother, Eduard, to join his older brother, Carl, who had been working as an apothecary in the Cape since 1821. They established themselves as professional natural history collectors, with Carl concentrating on zoological and Franz on botanical specimens. Their contract with their European contacts expired in 1826, and they decided to launch their own business.

Duchy of Holstein
The Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; Danish: Hertugdømmet Holsten) was the northernmost state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It originated when King Christian I of Denmark had his County of Holstein-Rendsburg elevated to a duchy by Emperor  Frederick III in 1474. Members of the Danish House of Oldenburg ruled Holstein – jointly with the Duchy of Schleswig – for its entire existence.

From 1490 to 1523 and again from 1544 to 1773 the Duchy was partitioned between various Oldenburg branches, most notably the dukes of Holstein-Glückstadt (identical with the Kings of Denmark) and Holstein-Gottorp. The duchy ceased to exist when the Kingdom of Prussia annexed it in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War.
Conway (given name)
Conway is a Welsh, Irish, and Scottish given name, the origin of which is unclear. It may originally have been an Anglicization of Welsh Conwy (derived from Old Welsh cyn "chief" and gwy "water"); of Irish Conbhuidhe or O Connmhachain; or of Scottish Gaelic Mac Conmheadha or Mac Connmhaigh.

Notable people with the name include:

Conway Baker (1911–1997), American National Football League player

Conway Barbour (1818–1876), American former slave and Arkansas state legislator

Conway Berners-Lee (1921–2019), British mathematician and computer scientist

Conway Elder (1880–1957), Justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri

Conway Hayman (1949–2020), American former football player and coach

Conway LeBleu (1918–2007), American politician

Conway Savage (1960–2018), Australian rock musician

Conway Tearle (1878–1938), American early film actor

Conway Twitty (1933–1993), American country music singer

Conway Berners-Lee
Conway Maurice Berners-Lee (19 September 1921 – 1 February 2019) was an English mathematician and computer scientist who worked as a member of the team that developed the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercial stored program electronic computer. He was born in Birmingham in 1921 and was the father of Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and Professor Mike Berners-Lee, researcher into climate change.
Ministry of Justice (Denmark)
Ministry of Justice of Denmark (Danish: Justitsministeriet, Faroese: Dómsmálaráðið, Greenlandic: Inatsiseqarnermut Ministereqarfik) is the Danish government ministry responsible for the general judicial system, including the police and the prosecution service, the courts of law, and prisons and the probation service. In addition, the Ministry is responsible for legislation in the areas of criminal, private and family law, the law of trusts and foundations, nationality law and data protection law. The Ministry of Justice of Denmark might oversee the administration of justice in Greenland.

The entirety of the judicial system (Danish: Justitsvæsnet) is overseen by the Ministry of Justice.

Faroese language
Faroese (/ˌfɛəroʊˈiːz, ˌfær-/ ⓘ FAIR-oh-EEZ, FARR-; endonym: føroyskt [ˈføːɹɪst]) is a North Germanic language spoken as a first language by about 69,000 Faroe Islanders, of whom 21,000 reside mainly in Denmark and elsewhere.

It is one of five languages descended from Old West Norse spoken in the Middle Ages; the others include Norwegian, Icelandic, and the extinct Norn and Greenlandic Norse. Faroese and Icelandic, its closest extant relative, are not easily mutually intelligible in speech, but the written languages resemble each other quite closely, largely owing to Faroese's etymological orthography.
Simplified Arabic
Simplified Arabic (called Yakout since 1967) is a simplified Arabic font that allowed Arabic text to be composed using a Linotype machine. It was first announced in 1959 as Mrowa-Linotype Simplified Arabic. The font was developed by the founder of the Lebanese daily newspaper Al-Hayat Kamel Mrowa, its lettering artist Nabih Jaroudi, and Linotype & Machinery Ltd. staff under the guidance of Walter Tracy. It became the Arabic supplement for the typefaces Times New Roman and Arial, which were then included as TrueType fonts for the core fonts for the Web World Wide Web.

The Simplified Arabic font reduced the number of characters necessary to compose Arabic, allowing it to fit into the Linotype machine's single 90-channel magazine. The font became one of the most widely used typefaces for composing Arabic newspapers.

Kamel Mrowa
Kamel Mrowa (Arabic: كامل مروّه, also spelled Mroue or Mroueh, 1915 – 16 May 1966) was a Lebanese publisher, journalist, writer and ideologue. He was the founder of the Lebanese Arabic daily Al-Hayat (Arabic الحياة, meaning "Life") in 1946, the Lebanese English-language newspaper, The Daily Star in 1952 and the French language Beyrouth Matin in 1959. His politics opposed military dictatorships which came to rule the Arab world in the 1950s and 1960s. He was killed by a gunman while checking the final proofs of the next day's issue of his paper.
Operation Rösselsprung
Rösselsprung (which refers to the Knight's Move in chess) was the code-name given to  two German operations in World War II:

Operation Rösselsprung (1942) The planned attack by Tirpitz and other surface vessels against arctic convoy PQ 17 in 1942

Operation Rösselsprung (1944) The German-led operation to kill or capture Josip Broz Tito at Drvar, Yugoslavia in May 1944

Knight (chess)
The knight (♘, ♞) is a piece in the game of chess. It moves two squares vertically and one square horizontally, or two squares horizontally and one square vertically, jumping over other pieces. Each player starts the game with two knights on the b- and g-files, each located between a rook and a bishop.
Canon EOS 300V
The Canon EOS 300V (Kiss 5/All New Kiss in Japan and Rebel Ti in North America) was a 135 film auto-focus SLR camera introduced by Canon in 2002 to upgrade Canon's EOS Rebel series of autofocus consumer SLR cameras.

Upon its release, the Rebel Ti had the fastest autofocus and most advanced autoexposure in its class.  Among the more welcomed improvements was the new stainless steel lens mount, replacing the less durable plastic mount found on previous EOS Rebel cameras.

Canon Inc.
Canon Inc. (Japanese: キヤノン株式会社; Hepburn: Kyanon kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo, specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products, such as lenses, cameras, police equipment , scanners, printers, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

Canon has a primary listing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX Core 30 and Nikkei 225 indexes. It used to have a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.
2024 Papua New Guinean unrest
The 2024 Papua New Guinean unrest occurred on 10 January 2024 in Papua New Guinea's capital Port Moresby, later spreading to Lae and other cities. The unrest began following protests by security officers due to a sudden reduction in their salaries and prime minister James Marape's tax deduction announcement which was later retracted. The riots saw arson, looting and various civil unrests. An estimated, 22 people were killed from the incident. James Marape, the prime minister of Papua New Guinea, later declared a state of emergency for 14 days and suspended the country's police chief and several top officials.

National Capital District (Papua New Guinea)
The National Capital District of Papua New Guinea is the incorporated area around Port Moresby, which is the capital of Papua New Guinea.  Although it is surrounded by Central Province, where Port Moresby is also the capital, it is technically not a part of that province. It covers an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi) and has a population of 756,754 (2024 census). It is represented by three open MPs and an NCD-wide representative in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea who acts as Governor of the National Capital District; however, these MPs do not have the same powers as elsewhere in the country due to the role of the National Capital District Commission.
Pierre Gang
Pierre Gang is a Canadian film and television director, best known for his 1996 feature film Not Me! (Sous-sol) and the television miniseries More Tales of the City and Further Tales of the City.

His other credits have included a 1999 telefilm adaptation of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the miniseries Samuel et la mer and En thérapie, the television film Selling Innocence and the feature film Black Eyed Dog.

He won a Genie Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 17th Genie Awards in 1996 for Sous-sol.

Since 2008, he has been programming director for TV5 Québec Canada.

Selling Innocence
Selling Innocence is a 2005 television film depicting the exploitation of teenagers on the internet. The film was a co-production among the Edmonton-based television production company ImagiNation, Montreal's Cite-Amerique, and CTV, for CTV's line of television films collectively known as the CTV Signature Series. The film's broadcast premiere was July 2, 2005, on CTV in Canada, and on Lifetime in the United States.
Mizuko
Mizuko (written: 瑞子 or みず子) is a feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with then name include:

Mizuko Ito (伊藤 瑞子, born 1968), Japanese cultural anthropologist

Mizuko Masuda (増田 みず子, born 1948), Japanese writer

Mizuko Nanbu (南部 瑞子, 1908–1980), Director of the Girl Scouts of Japan

Takahashi Mizuko (高橋 瑞子, 1852–1927), Japanese physician

The name is not generally written with the kanji 水子, meaning water child, due to the combination also meaning a stillborn baby.

Mizuko Nanbu
Mizuko Nanbu (南部 瑞子, Nanbu Mizuko, January 14, 1908 – October 30, 1980) was a Japanese member of the Nanbu clan from Morioka Domain. The eldest daughter of Toshiatsu Nanbu, the 43rd daimyō of Morioka Domain, and wife of Toshihide Nanbu, the 44th head, she served as the Director of the Girl Scouts of Japan from 1955.

She also served as an advisor to the Iwate Kenjinkai in Tokyo with her husband Toshihide.
Wattled smoky honeyeater
The wattled smoky honeyeater or Foja honeyeater (Melipotes carolae) is a species of honeyeater with a sooty-grey plumage and a black bill. The most distinctive feature is arguably the extensive reddish-orange facial skin and pendulous wattle. In other members of the genus Melipotes, these sections only appear reddish when "flushed" and the wattle is smaller.

An Indonesian endemic, this honeyeater was discovered in December 2005. It is found in remote montane forests of Foja Mountains range, Western New Guinea at an altitude over 1,150 metres.

The first bird species found in New Guinea since 1939, the honeyeater was one of over twenty new species discovered by an international team of eleven scientists from Australia, Indonesia and the United States, led by an American ornithologist and Melanesia Conservation International vice-president Bruce Beehler.

The bird is named after the wife of Bruce Beehler, Carol Beehler.

Flushing (physiology)
Flushing is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions. Flushing is generally distinguished  from blushing, since blushing is psychosomatic, milder, generally restricted to the face, cheeks or ears, and generally assumed to reflect emotional stress, such as embarrassment, anger, or romantic stimulation. Flushing is also a cardinal symptom of carcinoid syndrome—the syndrome that results from hormones (often serotonin or histamine) being secreted into systemic circulation.
Diane Rosenbaum
Diane Maura Rosenbaum (born November 26, 1949) is an American politician in the US state of Oregon who was the majority leader of the Oregon State Senate. She was a Democratic member of the Oregon House of Representatives, representing District 42 (Southeast Portland) from 1998 to 2009. She served as speaker pro tempore. In the 2008 elections, she ran unopposed for the Oregon State Senate, replacing Kate Brown, who was elected secretary of state. She won reelection to District 21 in 2012 after defeating Republican Cliff Hutchison.

After Governor John Kitzhaber resigned in February 2015, elevating Brown to the governorship, Rosenbaum was named by The Oregonian as a potential secretary of state. In 2023, Rosenbaum temporarily replaced County Chair Jessica Vega Pederson on the Multnomah County Board of Commissioners. Julia Brim-Edwards was elected to fill the position in the May special election.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
Jagdgeschwader 77
Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77) Herz As ("Ace of Hearts") was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II. It served in all the German theaters of war, from Western Europe to the Eastern Front, and from the high north in Norway to the Mediterranean.

All three gruppen (groups) within the unit operated variants of the Messerschmitt Bf 109. II. Gruppe was the only German unit entirely equipped, albeit only during November–December 1943, with the Macchi C.205, a highly regarded Italian fighter.

Glossary of German military terms
This is a list of words, terms, concepts, and slogans that have been or are used by the German military. Ranks and translations of nicknames for vehicles are included. Also included are some general terms from the German language found frequently in military jargon. Some terms are from the general German cultural background, others are given to show a change that was made before or after the Nazi era. Some factories that were the primary producers of military equipment, especially tanks, are also given.
Heihachirō Fukuda
Heihachirō Fukuda (福田平八郎, Fukuda Heihachirō, February 28, 1892 – March 22, 1974) was a Japanese Nihonga painter and designer.

He received a commission to decorate the Take-no-ma audience room of the Tokyo Imperial Palace, a hall that has an area of 182 square meters, or 55 tsubo. The piece “Take” depicts bamboo. The hall also features works by Tatsuaki Kuroda and Hajime Kato.

His work is a part of the collection of the Menard Art Museum, the Osaka City Museum of Modern Art, and the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto.

Tokyo Imperial Palace
The Imperial Palace (皇居, Kōkyo; lit. 'Imperial Residence') is the main residence of the emperor of Japan. It is a large park-like area located in the Chiyoda district of the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo and contains several buildings, including the Fukiage Palace (吹上御所, Fukiage gosho), where the emperor has his living quarters; the main palace (宮殿, Kyūden), where various ceremonies and receptions take place; some residences of the Imperial Family; an archive; and museums and administrative offices.

The 1.15-square-kilometer (0.44 sq mi) palace grounds and gardens are built on the site of the old Edo Castle.
Three bodies doctrine
According to three bodies doctrine in Hinduism, the human being is composed of three shariras or "bodies" emanating from Brahman by avidya, "ignorance" or "nescience". They are often equated with the five koshas (sheaths), which cover the atman. This doctrine is an essential doctrine in Indian philosophy and religion, especially Yoga, Advaita Vedanta, Tantra and Shaivism.

Jiva
Jiva (Sanskrit: जीव, IAST: jīva), also referred as Jivātman, is a living being or any entity imbued with a life force in Hinduism and Jainism. The word itself originates from the Sanskrit verb-root jīv, which translates as 'to breathe' or 'to live'.: 211  The jiva, as a metaphysical entity, has been described in various scriptures such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads. Each subschool of Vedanta describes the role of the jiva with the other metaphysical entities in varying capacities. The closest translation into English and Abrahamic philosophies would be the soul.
Mark Alsop
Mark Alsop is an Australian DJ and remixer. Alsop is one of the longest-continuous working DJs in Australia. He predominantly plays house music and tends to play at gay dance parties, bars and clubs. Specific genres played include electro house, progressive house, deep house, and vocal house as well as retro and soulful house tunes.

Mark moved to Sydney when he was 19. In 1991, he studied sound engineering at the Australian Film, Television and Radio School. He has provided his voluntary services to charitable events, particularly those that seek to provide education and support in relation to HIV/AIDS. In 2011, his charitable work was recognised when he received an ACON award. In 2016, Mark played a set at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras party.

Electro house
Electro house is a genre of electronic dance music and a subgenre of house music characterized by heavy bass and a tempo around 125–135 beats per minute. The term has been used to describe the music of many DJ Mag Top 100 DJs, including Benny Benassi, Skrillex, Steve Aoki, and Deadmau5.
Yantang station
Yantang Station (Chinese: 燕塘站; Cantonese Yale: Yintòhng Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 3 and Line 6 of the Guangzhou Metro. The underground station is located on the Guangshan Highway (广汕公路) (Yantang Section) in the Tianhe District of Guangzhou. It started operation on 30 October 2010 and on 28 December 2013, became an interchange station between Lines 3 and 6.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Pamela Radcliff
Pamela Beth Radcliff (born 1956) is an American historian and professor at the University of California at San Diego and an authority on the history of modern Spain. Her research focuses on mass politics, gender issues, civil society and democratic transitions. She did a Teaching Company course entitled Interpreting the 20th century: the Struggle over Democracy. Her publications on modern Spanish history received numerous positive reviews. She has received numerous awards for her scholarship and teaching, such as the Keller-Sierra Prize for her monograph From Mobilization to Civil War: The politics of polarization in the Spanish city of Gijón, 1900-1937.

Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of
(1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or
(2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.

Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc., that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic values.
Ken Breitenbach
Kenneth Breitenbach (January 9, 1955 — April 28, 2017) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He was drafted in the second round, 35th overall, of the 1975 NHL Amateur Draft by the Buffalo Sabres. In his National Hockey League career, which lasted from 1976 to 1979, Breitenbach played in 68 games, all with Buffalo, scoring one goal and adding thirteen assists. He died of cancer in 2017 at the age of 62.

1975 NHL amateur draft
The 1975 NHL amateur draft was the 13th NHL entry draft. It was held at the NHL office in Montreal, Quebec. The two-time defending Stanley Cup champion Philadelphia Flyers made the most noise at the draft, trading Bill Clement, Don McLean, and the 18th overall pick to the Washington Capitals for the number one overall selection, which they used to select Mel Bridgman. Later in round nine the Flyers became the first NHL team to select a Soviet-born and trained player in the amateur draft, selecting Latvian Viktor Khatulev 160th pick overall.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Dave Taylor, who retired after the 1993–94 season.
Solar cycle 23
Solar cycle 23 was the 23rd solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 12.6 years, beginning in August 1996 and ending in December 2008.  The maximum smoothed sunspot number observed during the solar cycle was 180.3 (November 2001), and the starting minimum was 11.2. During the minimum transit from solar cycle 23 to 24, there were a total of 817 days with no sunspots. Compared to the last several solar cycles, it was fairly average in terms of activity.

Sunspot number
The Wolf number (also known as the relative sunspot number or Zürich number) is a quantity that measures the number of sunspots and groups of sunspots present on the surface of the Sun. Historically, it was only possible to detect sunspots on the far side of the Sun indirectly using helioseismology. Since 2006, NASA's STEREO spacecrafts allow their direct observation.
2010 Tercera División play-offs
The 2010 Tercera División play-offs to Segunda División B from Tercera División (Promotion play-offs) were the final playoffs for the promotion from 2009–10 Tercera División to 2010–11 Segunda División B. The first four teams in each group (excluding reserve teams) took part in the play-off.

2010–11 Segunda División B
The 2010–11 Segunda División B season is the 34th since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 28 August 2010, and the season ended on 26 June 2011 with the promotion play-off finals.