hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Closed city
A closed city or town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied.

Historically, the construction of closed cities became increasingly common after the beginning of the Cold War, particularly in the Soviet Union. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, they remain widespread in Russia and some of the other post-Soviet countries. The Russian government officially designates these closed cities as "closed administrative–territorial formations" (ZATO; Russian: закрытые административно–территориальные образования [ЗАТО]), for the management and execution of high-value research and development concerning nuclear energy, weapons of mass destruction, or the space industry.

Alexander Bay, South Africa
Alexander Bay (Afrikaans: Alexanderbaai) is a town in the extreme north-west of South Africa. It is located on the southern bank of the Orange River mouth.  It was named for Sir James Alexander, who was the first person to map the area whilst on a Royal Geographical Society expedition into Namibia in 1836.  (It is mistakenly believed by many locals that it was he who first established commercial copper mining in the area.)  With diamonds being discovered along the West Coast in 1925, Alexander Bay was established to service the mining industry.

The town of Oranjemund lies on the northern bank of the river, which forms the international border with Namibia.  The two towns are linked by the Ernest Oppenheimer Bridge, named for Ernest Oppenheimer in 1951.

The town is served by Alexander Bay Airport.
NI Mar Portugal
NI Mário Ruivo, previously known as NI Mar Portugal, is a research vessel of the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere (IPMA).

She was originally the RMAS Salmaid (A187), a Sal-Class mooring and salvage vessel working at HMNB Portsmouth under the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service department of the Royal Navy. Then she was operated by Serco Denholm as the SD Salmaid. Her sister ship was the RMAS Salmoor (A185).

Built by Hall, Russell & Company in 1986, her displacement is 2,200 tonnes and dimensions 77 m by 15 m by 4 m. Her complement is 19 and speed 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).

Tasks included the laying and maintenance of underwater targets, navigation marks and moorings.

She was acquired by the Scottish company Hays Ships and renamed Kommandor Calum after extensive work at a Polish Shipyard in 2012.

In 2017, she was acquired by Portugal to be operated by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere in the oceanographic research of the Atlantic Ocean.

Serco Marine Services
Serco Marine Services is a Private Finance Initiative contract, with Serco Group, to deliver auxiliary services to His Majesty's Naval Service (incl. Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Royal Fleet Auxiliary).

Marine Services primarily operates from the nation's three main naval bases, HMNB Portsmouth, HMNB Devonport and HMNB Clyde, but also supports training and operations overseas, as well as at various British Overseas Territories.

Serco Denholm (a joint venture between Serco Group and Denholm Group) 
won the Marine Services contract, replacing the subsequently disbanded Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service. Denholm's participation was bought out in late 2009 by its larger partner, Serco. In 2025, Serco won a renewal of the contract to continue services for the Naval Service until 2035.
Max Tishler
Max Tishler (October 30, 1906 – March 18, 1989) was president of Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories where he led the research teams that synthesized ascorbic acid, riboflavin, cortisone, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. He also developed the fermentation processes for actinomycin, vitamin B12, streptomycin, and penicillin. Tishler invented sulfaquinoxaline for the treatment for coccidiosis.

Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. Compared to other amino acids, methionine has particularly decisive biosynthetic roles. It is the precursor to the amino acid cysteine and the pervasive methylation agent rSAM. Methionine is required for protein synthesis, which is initiated by N-formylmethionine-sRNA.

Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. It is encoded by the codon AUG. It was named by Satoru Odake in 1925, as an abbreviation of its structural description 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.
Helsinki City Centre
The Helsinki City Centre (Finnish: Helsingin kantakaupunki, Swedish: Helsingfors innerstad) originally referred to the area belonging to the city of Helsinki, Finland before the great annexation on 1 January 1946. After the annexation the names "Helsinki Centre" and "annexed area" were used, forming the area of Greater Helsinki together. The Helsinki Centre referred to the quarters 1 through 27. The city council often referred to the parts as the city centre and the suburbs (Finnish: kantakaupunki - esikaupungit, Swedish: stadskärnan - förstäderna). The area started to be referred to as the central business district in the 1960s.

In early 2014 there were 106,201 inhabitants in the southern major district of Helsinki.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Tarebia granifera
Tarebia granifera, common name (in the aquarium industry) the quilted melania, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Thiaridae.

This snail is native to south-eastern Asia, but it has become established as an invasive species in multiple other areas.

Pontederia crassipes
Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range. It is the sole species of the subgenus Oshunae within the genus Pontederia. Anecdotally, it is known as the "terror of Bengal" due to its invasive growth tendencies.
Behavior Genetics Association
The Behavior Genetics Association (BGA) is a learned society established in 1970 that promotes research into the connections between heredity and behavior, both human and animal. Its members support education and training in behavior genetics and publish Behavior Genetics, a journal on the topic.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Woodwalton Marsh
Woodwalton Marsh is a 0.8-hectare (2.0-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Woodwalton in Cambridgeshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

This grassland on calcareous clay has diverse flora, including red fescue, quaking grass, knapweed, cowslip, pepper saxifrage, green-winged orchid and the rare sulphur clover. There is also a wide variety of butterflies.

There is access from New Road.

Centaurea nigra
Centaurea nigra is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and is also known as lesser knapweed, common knapweed, black knapweed and bell weed.

It is native to central Europe, and has been introduced to temperate North America and Australasia, where it is usually regarded as a noxious weed due to its fast spread, hardiness and competitive potential.
Napoleon's Crimes
Napoleon's Crimes: A Blueprint for Hitler (French: Le Crime de Napoléon) is a book published in 2005 by French-Caribbean writer Claude Ribbe. In the book, Ribbe advances the thesis that Napoleon during the Haitian Revolution first used gas chambers as a method of mass execution, 140 years before Hitler and the Nazis. His accusations in the book have caused a minor political and academic storm when it was published, and its premise remains under contention to this day.

Gas chamber
A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. Poisonous agents used include hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. High concentration carbon dioxide is typically used in gas chambers for animals.
Kids' Choice Awards Argentina 2017
The 7th Annual Nickelodeon Argentina Kids' Choice Awards was held on 19 October 2017, at Teatro Coliseo in Buenos Aires, and was broadcast on 21 October 2017 through Nickelodeon. Mercedes Lambre and Leandro Leunis hosted the ceremony. Lali and Isabella Castillo led nominations with three each, and also were the biggest winners of the night, along with Camila Cabello and Mica Viciconte, with two awards each. Susana Giménez received the Career Achievement Award.

Isabella Castillo
Isabella Castillo Díaz (born 23 December 1994) is an American actress and singer best known for her role as Graciela "Grachi" Alonso, the lead character of the Nickelodeon fantasy television series Grachi, for which has released several songs. Castillo has also starred on the telenovelas Tierra de reyes, El Señor de los Cielos and Malverde: El Santo Patrón, as well as the musical film La Usurpadora: The Musical.
Barry Kivel
Barry Kivel is an American actor, director, editor, and producer who appeared in Crocodile Dundee (1986), Memoirs of an Invisible Man (1992), Coneheads (1993), Bound (1996), One Fine Day (1996), Body and Soul (2000), Turn of Faith (2001), and Q-4: Dream Corporation (2016), a futuristic thriller. To his credits, he has produced Three Sides (2011), a short film. As an editor, he also has edited Three Sides (2011). He also directed Three Sides. He received a special thanks for the 2016 documentary film The Natural: The Best There Ever Was, which is completed, and he has a role in there as Pat McGee and himself. In television he has acted on serial police drama Hill Street Blues, sitcom Full House, sitcom Who's the Boss?, sitcom Empty Nest, legal drama Civil Wars, sitcom Murphy Brown, legal drama Brooklyn South, television drama Judging Amy, and sitcom Scrubs.

Hill Street Blues
Hill Street Blues is an American serial police procedural television series that aired on NBC in prime-time from January 15, 1981, to May 12, 1987, for 146 episodes. The show chronicles the lives of the Metropolitan Police Department staff of a single police station located on Hill Street in an unnamed large U.S. city. The "blues" are the police officers in their blue uniforms.

The show received critical acclaim, and its production innovations influenced many subsequent dramatic television series produced in the United States and Canada. In 1981, the series won eight Emmy Awards, a debut season record surpassed only by The West Wing, in 2000. The show won a total of 26 Emmy Awards (out of 98 Emmy Award nominations) during its run, including four consecutive wins for Outstanding Drama Series from 1981–1984.
Breeding bird survey
A breeding bird survey monitors the status and trends of bird populations.  Data from the survey are an important source for the range maps found in field guides.  The North American Breeding Bird Survey is a joint project of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Canadian Wildlife Service.  The UK Breeding Bird Survey is administered by the British Trust for Ornithology, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

The results of the BBS are valuable in evaluating the increasing and decreasing range of bird population which can be a key point to bird conservation. The BBS was designed to provide a continent-wide perspective of population change.

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland. It was founded in 1889. It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns, petitions and through the operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom.

In 2023/24 the RSPB had revenue of £169 million, 2,517 employees, 13,500 volunteers and 1.1 million members (including 195,000 youth members), making it one of the world's largest wildlife conservation organisations. The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 222 nature reserves.
Subtraction game
In combinatorial game theory, a subtraction game is an abstract strategy game whose state can be represented by a natural number or vector of numbers (for instance, the numbers of game tokens in piles of tokens, or the positions of pieces on board) and in which the allowed moves reduce these numbers. Often, the moves of the game allow any number to be reduced by subtracting a value from a specified subtraction set, and different subtraction games vary in their subtraction sets. These games also vary in whether the last player to move wins (the normal play convention) or loses (misère play convention). Another winning convention that has also been used is that a player who moves to a position with all numbers zero wins, but that any other position with no moves possible is a draw.

Normal play convention
A normal play convention in a game is the method of determining the winner that is generally regarded as standard. For example:

Preventing the other player from being able to move

Being the first player to achieve a target

Holding the highest value hand

Taking the most card tricks

In combinatorial game theory, the normal play convention of an impartial game is that the last player able to move is the winner.

By contrast "misère games" involve upsetting the convention and declaring a winner the individual who would normally be considered the loser.
Terry Connell
Terence G. Connell  (June 17, 1855 – March 25, 1924) was an American professional baseball catcher and umpire. He played in the National Association for the 1874 Chicago White Stockings. He later worked as an umpire for parts of six seasons from 1884 to 1890 in the American Association and National League. He also worked as a police sergeant, and umpired in the Pennsylvania State League. According to baseball historian David Nemec, there is a lack of strong evidence that Terry Connell played in a major league game in 1874, and that it might have been another man with the surname Connell.

Umpire
An umpire is an official in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection.

The term derives from the Old French nonper, non, 'not' and per, 'equal': 'one who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people' (as evidenced in cricket, where dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal). Noumper shows up around 1350 before undergoing a linguistic shift known as false splitting. It was written in 1426–1427 as a noounpier; the n was lost with the a indefinite article becoming an. The earliest version without the n shows up as owmpere, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440. The leading n became permanently attached to the article, changing it to an Oumper around 1475.

The word was applied to the officials of many sports including baseball, association football (where it has been superseded by assistant-referee) and cricket (which still uses it).
Eagles for St. Jude
Eagles for St Jude was a program created in 2007 by the Stanford Financial Group when it paid to become the title sponsor of the St. Jude Classic, the annual PGA golf tournament held in Memphis. The program ended when Stanford Financial Group was seized in February 2009, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission finding that Stanford was operating a "massive Ponzi scheme", defrauding clients and investors of millions of dollars.

During the short period that Stanford sponsored the St. Jude Championship, the Eagles for St. Jude program donated $1,500 for every eagle recorded on the PGA tour.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
Zhang Chengye
Zhang Chengye (Chinese: 張承業) (846 – November 23, 922), né Kang (康), courtesy name Jiyuan (繼元), posthumous name Zhengxian (正憲), was a Chinese government official and eunuch. He originally served the Tang dynasty, but later became an important advisor to Former Jin princes Li Keyong and his successor Li Cunxu, who would later establish the Later Tang dynasty.

Jin (Later Tang precursor)
Jin (晉; 883 (or 896 or 907)–923), also known as Hedong (河東) and Former Jin (前晉) in Chinese historiography, was a dynastic state of China and the predecessor of the Later Tang dynasty. Its princely rulers were the ethnic Shatuo warlords Li Keyong and Li Cunxu (Li Keyong's son). Although the Five Dynasties period began only in 907, Li Keyong's territory which centered around modern Shanxi can be referred to as Jin as early as 896, when he was officially created the Prince of Jin by the failing and powerless Tang dynasty court, or even (by extension, anachronistically) as early as 883, when he was created the jiedushi military governor of Hedong Circuit, which controlled more or less the same territory.
Rash guard
A rash guard, also known as rash vest or rashie, is an athletic shirt made of spandex and nylon or polyester. The name rash guard reflects the fact that the shirt protects the wearer against rashes caused by abrasion, or by sunburn from extended exposure to the sun, as sun protective clothing.

Abrasion (mechanical)
Abrasion is the process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away.  It can be intentionally imposed in a controlled process using an abrasive. Abrasion can be an undesirable effect of exposure to normal use or exposure to the elements.
Cadillac Orleans
The Cadillac Orleans was a concept car designed by Cadillac for the 1953 auto show circuit. It was the first four-door hardtop concept. The hardtop design eliminated the traditional B-pillar found on most cars of the era. Powered by a Cadillac V8 engine with an output of 210 hp (157 kW), the Orleans was never put into production. The design innovations on this car would not be put into a production car until the 1956 Sedan de Ville. The car also featured suicide doors, a wrap around windshield, full air conditioning, and several safety improvement attempts, such as a feature which resulted in the doors only being able to be opened if the car was in neutral. Another unique luxury feature was the addition of an AC/DC converter and a normal household outlet to allow electronic devices to be plugged into the car. A compartment in the backrest held a men's electric razor, a vanity case, and a mirror.

Cadillac de Ville series
The Cadillac DeVille is a model name used by Cadillac over eight generations, originally to designate a trim level of the 1949 Cadillac Series 62 and later for a standalone model in the brand range. The last model marketed specifically as a DeVille was the 2005 full-size sedan, at the time, Cadillac's largest model.

For 2006, the DeVille nameplate was retired, when the model line was carried forward (with minor revisions) as the Cadillac DTS,   (DeVille Touring Sedan) using a nomenclature adopted by the Cadillac STS  (Seville Touring Sedan) and CTS (Catera Touring Sedan).
1986 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Guy Forget and Andrés Gómez were the defending champions, but Gómez did not participate this year.  Forget partnered Kevin Curren, losing in the semifinals.

Sherwood Stewart and Kim Warwick won the title, defeating Pat Cash and Slobodan Živojinović 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Slobodan Živojinović
Slobodan "Boba" Živojinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Живојиновић, pronounced [slɔbɔ̌dan ʒiʋɔjǐːnɔʋit͡ɕ]; born 23 July 1963) is a Serbian former professional tennis player who competed for SFR Yugoslavia.

Together with Nenad Zimonjić, he is the only tennis player from Serbia to be the world No. 1 in doubles. As a singles player, he reached the semifinals of the 1985 Australian Open and the 1986 Wimbledon Championships, achieving a career-high ranking of world No. 19 in October 1987.
Semarang Toll Road
The Semarang Section ABC Toll Road (Indonesian: Jalan Tol Semarang Seksi ABC) is a controlled-access toll road that connects around areas of Semarang, capital city of Central Java, in Indonesia. This toll road is 24.75 kilometres (15.38 mi) long, and is directly connected with Semarang–Solo Toll Road at Tembalang Interchange and National Highway Route 1 at Krapyak junction and Kaligawe junction.

Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road
06°14′50.99″S 106°53′0.69″E﻿ / ﻿6.2474972°S 106.8835250°E﻿ / -6.2474972; 106.8835250

The Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road (Indonesian: Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek) or jalan tol Japek toll road is a controlled-access toll road in Indonesia that was inaugurated in 1988. A part of the Trans-Java Toll Road network, the highway links Jakarta with cities to its east in the province of West Java. Its 36.84 kilometer-long Cikunir–West Karawang section overlaps with the Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Skyway.