hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NR Brunel
The NR Brunel typeface is the Network Rail standard for signing at Network Rail managed stations.

This font is an evolution of the Brunel typeface designed by a specialist typeface design company, The Foundry, for Railtrack in 1999 and adopted initially by Network Rail.

It was recommended as a new national standard for station signs in a 2009 report commissioned by the Secretary of State for Transport, and was adopted by South West Trains and East Midlands Trains for their station signage.

Beginning in 2023, the typeface is due to be phased out as new rail operator Great British Railways reintroduces an updated version of Rail Alphabet as part of its systemwide rebranding.

The Brunel typeface is also used in Ireland for Iarnród Éireann station signage.

Railtrack
Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from 1994 until 2002. It was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail, listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 2002, after experiencing major financial difficulty, most of Railtrack's operations were transferred to the state-controlled non-profit company Network Rail. The remainder of Railtrack was renamed RT Group plc and eventually dissolved on 22 June 2010.
Georges Guingouin
Georges Guingouin (2 February 1913, Magnac-Laval in Haute-Vienne, France – 27 October 2005, Troyes, France) was a French Communist Party (PCF) militant who played a leading role in the French resistance as head of the Maquis du Limousin. He was controversial as a result of extortion committed under his authority during the épuration sauvage in Limousin during 1944.

Pursuit of Nazi collaborators
After World War II, individuals who collaborated with the Nazi regime during the war were pursued and apprehended.  This article does not cover former members of the Nazi Party — who were not citizens of the Third Reich at the outbreak of World War II — and their fates after the war.
Methuen Publishing
Methuen Publishing Ltd (/ˈmɛθjuən/; also known as Methuen Books) is an English publishing house.

It was founded in 1889 by Sir Algernon Methuen (1856–1924) and began publishing in London in 1892. Initially, Methuen mainly published non-fiction academic works, eventually diversifying to encourage female authors and later translated works. E. V. Lucas headed the firm from 1924 to 1938.

Maurice Maeterlinck
Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count/Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He was a leading member of the group La Jeune Belgique, and his plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement. In later life, Maeterlinck faced credible accusations of plagiarism.
Ada Madssen
Ada Madssen (9 February 1917 – 22 September 2009) was a Norwegian sculptor.

She was born in Kristiania. She studied under Wilhelm Rasmussen and Axel Revold at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts from 1938 to 1940. The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design owns three of her works, and she is also known for statues of Queen Maud near the Royal Palace, Oslo (erected 1959) and Camilla Collett at Eidsvoll (erected 1977). In 2007 she was decorated as a Knight First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.

National Museum of Norway
The National Museum (Norwegian: Nasjonalmuseet, officially the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design) is a museum in Oslo, Norway which holds the Norwegian state's public collection of art, architecture, and design objects. The collection totals over 400,000 works, amongst them the first copy of Edvard Munch's The Scream from 1893. The museum is state-owned and managed by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture.

The National Museum was established in 2003 by the merging of the Museum of Architecture, the Museum of Industrial Art, the Museum of Decorative Arts and Design, the Museum of Contemporary Art, and the National Gallery of Norway. In 2022, the museum opened its new building at Vestbanehallen at the centre of Oslo, housing the entirety of the collections from these previous museums.

The current director of the museum is Karen Hindsbo.
Branobel
The Petroleum Production Company Nobel Brothers, Limited, or Branobel (short for братьев Нобель "brat'yev Nobel" – "Nobel Brothers" in Russian), was an oil company set up by Ludvig Nobel and Baron Peter von Bilderling. It operated mainly in Baku, Azerbaijan, but also in Cheleken, Turkmenistan.
Originally established by Robert Nobel (who contributed 25,000 rubles) and the investments of barons Peter von Bilderling (300,000 rubles) and Standertskjöld (150,000 rubles) as a distillery in 1876, it became, during the late-19th century, one of the largest oil-companies in the world.

Hazar, Turkmenistan
Hazar, known as Çeleken until 1999 (in Russian: "Челекен;" in Persian: "چهارکن," Chaharken) is a seaport town located on the Cheleken Peninsula of the Caspian Sea. In November 2022, it was downgraded from city-with-district-status to a town and, along with Gumdag, became subordinate to the city of Balkanabat. As of 2022, its population reached 14,671 people.
Maharashtra Education Society
The Maharashtra Education Society (MES) is one of the oldest private education institutions in Pune, India. It was founded in 1860 as the Poona Native Institution by Waman Prabhakar Bhave, Laxman Nahar Indapurkar, and the revolutionary leader Vasudeo Balwant Phadke.

At present the society runs over 77 institutions including schools, colleges, vocational training institutions and a hospital in various towns and cities in Western Maharashtra such as Saswad, Baramati, Panvel, Belapur, Kalamboli, Shirwal, Kasar Amboli, Navi Mumbai, Ahmednagar, Pune and Chiplun.

Saswad
Saswad pronunciationⓘ is a municipal council located on the South-Eastern corridor of Pune district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Saswad is situated on the banks of the Karha River. Saswad is about 31 km from Pune-Central Station.
1996 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary
The 1996 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary was held on May 12 in the U.S. state of West Virginia as one of the Democratic Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1996 presidential election.

While incumbent president Bill Clinton comfortably won the contest by a 73-point margin, West Virginia was Lyndon LaRouche's best state, amassing 13% of the vote.

1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From January 29 to June 4, 1996, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1996 United States presidential election. Incumbent President Bill Clinton was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1996 Democratic National Convention held from August 26 to August 29, 1996, in Chicago, Illinois.

This was the first Democratic presidential primary in 16 years in which an incumbent president was a candidate. Clinton went on to win reelection, thereby becoming the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win two consecutive presidential elections.
Hesse's principle of transfer
In geometry, Hesse's principle of transfer (German: Übertragungsprinzip) states that if the points of the projective line P1 are depicted by a rational normal curve in Pn, then the group of the projective transformations of Pn that preserve the curve is isomorphic to the group of the projective transformations of P1 (this is a generalization of the original Hesse's principle, in a form suggested by Wilhelm Franz Meyer). It was originally introduced by Otto Hesse in 1866, in a more restricted form. It influenced Felix Klein in the development of the Erlangen program. Since its original conception, it was generalized by many mathematicians, including Klein, Fano, and Cartan.

Élie Cartan
Élie Joseph Cartan ForMemRS (French: [kaʁtɑ̃]; 9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups, differential systems (coordinate-free geometric formulation of PDEs), and differential geometry. He also made significant contributions to general relativity and indirectly to quantum mechanics.   He is widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century.

His son Henri Cartan was an influential mathematician working in algebraic topology.
Bawitius
Bawitius is an extinct genus of giant polypterid from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian) Bahariya Formation of Egypt. The type species is B. bartheli, named as a species of Polypterus in 1984, and the genus etymology comes from Bawiti, the principal settlement of the Bahariya Oasis in Egypt. It is known from the holotype TU-B SFB 69 Vb 003 (= Bah 5/12-016): left ectopterygoid scales and some sparse scales.

Bahariya Oasis
Bahariya Oasis (Arabic: الواحات البحرية, romanized: El-Wāḥāt El-Baḥrīya, "the Northern Oases") is a depression and a naturally rich oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt. It is approximately 370 km away from Cairo. The roughly oval valley extends from northeast to southwest, has a length of 94 km, a maximum width of 42 km and covers an area of about 2000 km2.

The valley is surrounded by mountains and has numerous springs. Located in Giza Governorate, the main economic sectors are agriculture, iron ore mining, and tourism. The main agricultural products are guavas, mangos, dates, and olives.
Sinéad
Sinéad (/ʃɪˈneɪd/ shin-AYD, Irish: [ˈʃɪnʲeːd̪ˠ, ʃɪˈnʲeːd̪ˠ]) is an Irish feminine name. It is derived from the French Jeanette, which is cognate to the English Janet, itself a feminine form of the Hebrew Yohanan, "God forgave/God gratified". In English, Sinéad is also commonly spelled Sinead. The name is generally translated into English as either Jane or Jennifer, or as the Scottish female name Jean.

Notable people and characters with the name include:

Janet (given name)
Janet is a feminine given name meaning "God is gracious" or "gift from God". It is the feminine form of John. It is a variation of the French proper noun Jeannette, Spanish proper noun Juanita, Russian Жанет (Zhanet), Circassian Джэнэт (Dzhenet), and Hungarian Zsanett. It is also the diminutive of Jeanne or Jane.
Limerick School of Art and Design
The Limerick School of Art and Design (LSAD; Irish: Scoil Ealaíne Agus Deartha Luimnigh) is a constituent art college of the Technological University of the Shannon, located in Limerick, Ireland.

The school operates on four of TUS campuses, Clare Street Campus (including George's Quay) and Moylish Campus in Limerick city, Clonmel Campus Tipperary and Athlone Campus. LSAD has four Departments, Fine Art and Education, Design, Digital Arts and Media and Midlands Media and Design.
LSAD offers over 25 programmes at level 8 (BA and BSc honours degree) and level 9 (master's degree) across a range of art, design and media disciplines. LSAD continues to grow its research output with some sixty MA and PhD students currently engaged in a broad range of research projects. The school also engages with national, European and international partners in areas involving education, research and enterprise.

Joseph Lancaster
Joseph Lancaster (25 November 1778 – 23 October 1838) was an English Quaker and public education innovator. He developed, and propagated on the grounds both of economy and efficacy, a monitorial system of primary education. In the first decades of the 19th century his ideas found application in new schools established in growing industrial centres.
Kincaid and Arnett Feed and Flour Building
Kincaid and Arnett Feed and Flour Building is a historic warehouse building located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia.  It was built between 1904 and 1906, and is a three-story, vernacular brick warehouse located along the banks of the Monongahela River. It is trapezoid shaped and has a prominent concrete-block loading dock with overhead canopy. Kincaid and Arnett functioned as a prosperous wholesale and retail grain dealership and brokerage until they sold the property to Morgantown Feed and Flour Corporation in February 1921.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.  It is located in the Morgantown Wharf and Warehouse Historic District, listed in 1998.

Trapezoid
In geometry, a trapezoid (/ˈtræpəzɔɪd/) in North American English, or trapezium (/trəˈpiːziəm/) in British English, is a quadrilateral that has at least one pair of parallel sides.

The parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezoid. The other two sides are called the legs or lateral sides. If the trapezoid is a parallelogram, then the choice of bases and legs is arbitrary.

A trapezoid is usually considered to be a convex quadrilateral in Euclidean geometry, but there are also crossed cases. If shape ABCD is a convex trapezoid, then ABDC is a crossed trapezoid. The metric formulas in this article apply in convex trapezoids.
Haruka Yamada
Haruka Yamada (山田 遥楓, Yamada Haruka; born September 30, 1996) is a professional Japanese baseball infielder for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has previously played in NPB for the Saitama Seibu Lions and the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.

Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
The Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (北海道日本ハムファイターズ, Hokkaidō Nippon-Hamu Faitāzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team based in Kitahiroshima, Hokkaidō, in the Sapporo metropolitan area. They compete in the Pacific League of Nippon Professional Baseball, playing the majority of their home games at ES CON Field Hokkaido. The Fighters also host a select number of regional home games in cities across Hokkaidō, including Hakodate, Asahikawa, Kushiro, and Obihiro. The team's name comes from its parent organization, Nippon Ham, a major Japanese food-processing company.

Founded in 1946, the Fighters called Tokyo home for 58 years, as co-tenants of the Tokyo Dome and Korakuen Stadium with the Central League's Yomiuri Giants near the end of their tenure in the capital city. The franchise has won three Japan Series titles, in 1962, 2006, and, most recently, 2016.
Moon pebblesnail
The Moon pebblesnail, scientific name Somatogyrus obtusus,  is a species of very small freshwater snail that has an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Lithoglyphidae.

This species is endemic to Alabama in the United States.  Its natural habitat is the Coosa River.

Although the IUCN officially categorises the species as Data Deficient, it also considers it as Possibly extinct, as it has not been recorded since the river was impounded. This latter classification is also supported by The Nature Conservancy.

Coosa River
The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia. The river is about 280 miles (450 km) long.

The Coosa River begins at the confluence of the Oostanaula and Etowah rivers in Rome, Georgia, and ends just northeast of the Alabama state capital, Montgomery, where it joins the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River just south of Wetumpka. Around 90% of the Coosa River's length is located in Alabama.  Coosa County, Alabama and Etowah County, Alabama are located on the Coosa River.

The Coosa is one of Alabama's most developed rivers. Most of the river has been impounded, with Alabama Power, a unit of the Southern Company, owning seven dams and powerhouses on the Coosa River. The dams produce hydroelectric power, but they are costly to some species endemic to the Coosa River.
Ángel L. Malavé Zayas
Ángel Luis "Wiso" Malavé Zayas was a Puerto Rican politician and former mayor of Cidra.

Malavé was elected as mayor of Cidra at the 1988 general elections. He was a teacher before being elected. He was reelected to the position in 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2008.

In 2011, Malavé was accused of 14 charges of lewd conduct against several employees of the municipality. In February of that year, a judge determined there was cause for trial in 11 of the 14 charges. He was found guilty of all charges and sentenced to 9 years of house arrest.

In November 2011, the evaluating committee of the New Progressive Party determined that Malavé was unable to run for reelection.

1996 Puerto Rican general election
General elections were held in Puerto Rico on November 5, 1996. Pedro Rosselló of the New Progressive Party (PNP) was re-elected Governor, whilst the PNP also won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives and the Senate. Voter turnout was between 80% and 82%.
Seeks
Seeks is a free and open-source project licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License version 3 (AGPL-3.0-or-later). It exists to create an alternative to the current market-leading search engines, driven by user concerns rather than corporate interests. The original manifesto was created by Emmanuel Benazera and Sylvio Drouin and published in October 2006.  The project was under active development until April 2014, with both stable releases of the engine and revisions of the source code available for public use. In September 2011, Seeks won an innovation award at the Open World Forum Innovation Awards. The Seeks source code has not been updated since April 28, 2014 and no Seeks nodes have been usable since February 6, 2016.

Manifesto
A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds or confessions of faith.
Javanshir (clan)
The Javanshirs (Azerbaijani: Cavanşirlər; Persian: جوانشیران – Javānširān) are a Turkic clan from Karabakh, who are a branch of the Oghuz Turks. Between 1748 and 1822, members of the Javanshir clan functioned as the head of the Karabakh Khanate.

Clan
A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship
and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, a clan may claim other descent from a founding member or apical ancestor who serves as a symbol of the clan's unity. Many societies' exogamy rules are on a clan basis, where all members of one's own clan, or the clans of both parents or even grandparents, are excluded from marriage as incest.

Clans preceded more centralized forms of community organization and government, and have existed in every country. Members may identify with a coat of arms or other symbol.
Viola sagittata
Viola sagittata, commonly called the arrowleaf violet, is a species of flowering plant in the violet family (Violaceae). It is native to the eastern North America in Canada and the United States, where it is widespread. It is found in a variety of natural habitats, but is most common in dry, open communities such as prairies, glades, or woodlands, often in sandy or rocky soil.

Viola sagittata is a stemless perennial. It can be distinguished from other Viola in its area by its leaves that are much longer than wide, with truncate to subcordate bases. It produces purple flowers in the spring.

Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola,  the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. However, molecular phylogeny studies place the family in the Malpighiales as reflected in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification, with 41 other families, where it is situated in the parietal clade of 11 families. Most of the species are found in three large genera, Viola, Rinorea and Hybanthus. The other genera are largely monotypic or oligotypic. The genera are grouped into four clades within the family. The species are largely tropical or subtropical but Viola has a number of species in temperate regions. Many genera have a very restricted distribution.
Dafydd Gibbon
Dafydd Gibbon (born 5 April 1944) is a British emeritus professor of English and General Linguistics at Bielefeld University in Germany, specialising in computational linguistics,
the lexicography of spoken languages,
applied phonetics and phonology. He is particularly concerned with endangered languages and has received awards from the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Poland.

Gibbon is the author of over 180 publications, editor of three handbooks and three further collections, and supervisor of 21 PhD theses. He has been Visiting Professor at Jinan University (JNU), Guangzhou, China, 
since 2016.

Computational linguistics
Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics draws upon linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, anthropology and neuroscience, among others. Computational linguistics is closely related to mathematical linguistics.
Thomas Hitschler
Thomas Hitschler (born 27 June 1982) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate from 2013 to 2025.

In addition to his parliamentary work, Hitschler served as Parliamentary State Secretary in the Federal Ministry of Defence in the coalition government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz from 2021 to 2025.

Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Defence (German: Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm deːɐ̯ fɐˈtaɪdɪɡʊŋ] ⓘ; abbreviated BMVg) is a top-level federal agency, headed by the Federal Minister of Defence as a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The ministry is headquartered at the Hardthöhe barracks itself located at the Hardthöhe district in Bonn and has a second office in the Bendlerblock building in Berlin, which is occasionally used as a metonym to denote the entire Ministry.

According to Article 65a of the German Constitution (Grundgesetz), the Federal Minister of Defence is Commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr, the German armed forces, with around 260,953 active soldiers and civilians. Article 115b decrees that in the state of defence, declared by the Bundestag with consent of the Bundesrat, the command in chief passes to the Chancellor. The ministry currently has approximately 2,000 employees.
Eyewitness memory (child testimony)
An eyewitness testimony is a statement given under oath by a person present at an event who can describe what happened. During circumstances in which a child is a witness to the event, the child can be used to deliver a testimony on the stand. The credibility of a child, however, is often questioned due to their underdeveloped memory capacity and overall brain physiology. Researchers found that eyewitness memory requires high-order memory capacity even for well-developed adult brain. Because a child's brain is not yet fully developed, each child witness must be assessed by the proper authorities to determine their reliability as a witness and whether they are mature enough to accurately recall the event, provide important details and withstand leading questions.

Credibility
Credibility comprises the objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message. Credibility is deemed essential in many fields to establish expertise. It plays a crucial role in journalism, teaching, science, medicine, business leadership, and social media.