hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
QwaQwa
Qwaqwa was a Bantustan ("homeland") in the central eastern part of South Africa. It encompassed a very small region of 655 square kilometres (253 sq mi) in the east of the former South African province of Orange Free State, bordering Lesotho. Its capital was Witsieshoek. It was the designated homeland of more than 180,000 Sesotho-speaking Basotho people.

The frequent snow on the Maloti mountain peaks led the San to call the region "Qwaqwa" (whiter than white). In Afrikaans it was known as "Witsieshoek", after Oetse (also Witsie and Wetsi), a Makholokoe chief who lived there from 1839 to 1856.

Three tribes lived in the region, the Makholokoe, Bakoena and the Batlokoa. In 1969 they were united and the area was named "KwaKwa". In the same year, the name was changed to "QwaQwa".

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
KP Labs
KP Labs is a Polish Private Space company based in Gliwice that specializes in data processing that was founded in 2016 by students of the Silesian University of Technology who wished to continue to peruse satellite development after graduation. KP Labs is subsidized by the Polish and European governments as part of the Silesian Aviation Cluster program which seeks to turn Silesia into an Aerospace hub. In 2024 KP Labs received the ESA's Innovation Award.

Aerospace
Aerospace refers to the technology and industry involved with the atmosphere and outer space collectively. Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Aerospace engineering consists of aeronautics and astronautics. Aerospace organizations research, design, manufacture, operate, maintain, and repair both aircraft and spacecraft.

The border between space and the atmosphere has been proposed as 100 kilometres (62.1 mi) above the ground according to the physical explanation that the air density is too low for a lifting body to generate meaningful lift force without exceeding orbital velocity. This border has been called the Kármán line.
Ifrane Province
Ifrane (Arabic: افران) is a province in the Moroccan region of Fès-Meknès. Its population in 2013 was 156,038

The major cities and towns are:

Ain Leuh

Azrou

Had Oued Ifrane

Ifrane

Sidi Addi

Timahdite

Fez-Meknes
Fez-Meknes (Arabic: فاس-مكناس, romanized: fās maknās) is among the twelve Regions of Morocco. It has a population of 4,467,911 (2024 census). Its capital is Fez. Its current president is Abdelouhed El Ansari, and its current wali (governor) is Khalid Aït Taleb.
Yeşilyurt, Muğla
Yeşilyurt is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Menteşe, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,272 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is at a distance of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from the city centre of Muğla.

It is accessed by a turnout at a short distance from Muğla-İzmir highway just before entering Muğla. The town is located along slopes in the southern end of a plain of the same name.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Jamie Lee Thurston
Jamie Lee Thurston is an American country music singer. He was raised in Waterbury, Vermont and performed with his father starting at age 15. After moving to Los Angeles, California, he moved again to Nashville, Tennessee in 1999.

In 2003, he released the single "It Can All Be Gone" via View 2 Records, a single which peaked at number 59 on the Hot Country Songs charts. He later signed to Warner Bros. Records Nashville, then to Country Thunder.

Thurston wrote Rodney Atkins' 2009 single "15 Minutes", and cuts by Trace Adkins and Montgomery Gentry. In 2013, Thurston appeared on Game Show Network's Family Trade to compose a jingle for G. Stone Motors in exchange for a new truck. The jingle, "We Trade for Anything" was also used as the show's opening credits theme music.

Thurston's life is the basis of a screenplay co-written by Tim Rhys, the founder of MovieMaker magazine.

MovieMaker
MovieMaker is a magazine, website and podcast network focused on the art and business of filmmaking with a special emphasis on independent film and film festivals.

The magazine is published on a quarterly basis, and is known for the annual lists of 50 Film Festivals Worth the Entry Fee and The 25 Coolest Film Festivals in the World, as well as the occasional Word's Best Genre Festivals lists.
David Madden (politician)
David John Madden (1880 – 31 July 1955) was an Irish Fine Gael politician, farmer and auctioneer. He was elected to Seanad Éireann in April 1938 by the Industrial and Commercial Panel. He was re-elected to the Seanad in July 1938, 1943 and 1944.

He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick West constituency at the 1948 general election. He was re-elected at the 1951 and 1954 general elections. He died in office in 1955 during the 15th Dáil; the resulting by-election, held on 13 December 1955, was won by Michael Colbert of Fianna Fáil.

1954 Irish general election
The 1954 Irish general election to elect the 15th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 18 May, following the dissolution of the 14th Dáil on 24 April by President Seán T. O'Kelly on the request of Taoiseach Éamon de Valera. The general election took place in 40 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

The 15th Dáil met at Leinster House on 2 June to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. De Valera failed to secure a majority, and John A. Costello was appointed Taoiseach, forming the second inter-party government, a minority coalition of Fine Gael, the Labour Party and Clann na Talmhan.
15th Mechanized Brigade (Romania)
The 15th Mechanized Brigade (Romanian: Brigada 15 Mecanizată "Podul Înalt") is a mechanized brigade of the Romanian Land Forces. It was formed on 1 July 1994 from the ex 15th Mechanized Regiment, and named after the "Battle of Podul Înalt". The brigade is currently subordinated to the 2nd Infantry Division, and its headquarters are located in Iași.

Order of the Star of Romania
The Order of the Star of Romania (Romanian: Ordinul Steaua României) is Romania's highest civil Order and second highest State decoration after the Order of Michael the Brave. It is the oldest Order of Romania. It is awarded by the President of Romania, and has six grades, from lowest to the highest: Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, Grand Cross, and Collar.
Gramercy Park Hotel
Gramercy Park Hotel was a luxury hotel located at 2 Lexington Avenue, in the Gramercy Park neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, adjacent to the park of the same name. It was known for its rich history. Originally opened in 1925, the hotel ceased operations in 2020 and was purchased by MCR Hotels in 2023 with plans to re-open in 2025.

The Lilac Time
The Lilac Time are an English alternative folk-rock band, originally formed in Herefordshire by Stephen Duffy, his brother Nick Duffy and their friend Michael Weston in 1986. The band's name was taken from a line in the Nick Drake song "River Man".

The Lilac Time has gone through various line-up changes, with the Duffy brothers as mainstays. The band's activity has intertwined with Stephen Duffy's solo and songwriting career.
Haidergarh Assembly constituency
Haidergarh is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Haidergarh in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Dinesh Rawat won in the last Assembly election of 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

Haidergarh is one of five assembly constituencies in the Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 272 amongst 403 constituencies.

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh from 10 February to 7 March 2022 in seven phases to elect all 403 members for the 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.
The Curdridge Country Show
The Curdridge Country Show is an annual country fair in Curdridge, Hampshire, England. The event is held mid-July on a Saturday, and attracts up to 7000 attendees each year. 2025 is Curdriges 69th year

The show includes a dog show, falconry display, and a vintage car parade  There is a horticultural competition with numerous categories.  Vendor booths sell crafts and other items with demonstrations.

The show also has side shows such as a coconut shy, plate smashing and tombolas. A barbecue, hog roast and bar provide refreshments.t. A traditional barn dance is held on the last Saturday.

Tombola (game)
Tombola (/tɒmˈboʊlə/ tom-BOH-lə, Italian: [ˈtombola]) is a lottery-style board game which originated in Southern Italy. A variation of the game is a popular form of raffle in the UK and elsewhere around the world.
Gilbert Motier de La Fayette
Gilbert Motier de La Fayette (1380 – 22 February 1463) Seigneur of La Fayette, Pontgibaud, Ayes, Nébouzac, Saint-Romain and Montel-de-Gelat was a Marshal of France, namesake of and relation to Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette.

Pontgibaud
Pontgibaud (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ʒibo]) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

It is located in the Massif Central region of France on the banks of the river Sioule.  The area around the town was historically known for silver and lead mining.
The Société des mines et fonderies de Pontgibaud exploited the lead-silver mines between 1852 and 1897.

The remnants of Château-Dauphin, a 12th-century castle, are located in Pontgibaud.

John Ruskin spent October 7, 1840 exploring Pontgibaud. He reckoned it "Altogether the happiest day, as far as employment or scenery can go, I have had for these long five years".
Rubeho Mountains
The Rubeho Mountains are a mountain range in central Tanzania. The mountains in Dodoma and Morogoro regions, southeast of Tanzania's capital Dodoma. The Rubeho Mountains are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, and are home to a biodiverse community of flora and fauna with large numbers of endemic species.

Dodoma Region
Dodoma Region (Mkoa wa Dodoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the city of Dodoma, which is also the capital of Tanzania. Dodoma region is located in central Tanzania, bordered by Singida region to the west, Manyara region to the north, Iringa region to the south, and Morogoro region to the east. Dodoma hosts the National Assembly of Tanzania or Bunge. Dodoma region also hosts one of the largest universities in Tanzania, the University of Dodoma. The region is the home of the Tanzanian wine industry, which is the second largest wine industry on the continent after South Africa. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,085,625; in the 2012 national census, the population was 2,083,588.
Toolbrunup
Toolbrunup is among the highest peaks in the Stirling Ranges in Western Australia. Toolbrunup is made from sediments deposited during the Ediacaran Period and later metamorphosed to quartzites and shales. These formation rocks were later folded during basement rock movement.

The first European to climb the peak was Robert Dale,  who did so in 1832 when he passed through the area.
John Septimus Roe did the same three years later and the botanist James Drummond followed in the 1840s and returned several times to collect and identify plants in the area.

The traditional owners of the area are the Minang and Koreng peoples. Toolbrunup shares its name with Lake Toolbrunup and the name is thought to mean "when all else was dry, Toolbrunup was sure to have water".

John Septimus Roe
John Septimus Roe (8 May 1797 – 28 May 1878) was the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia. He was a renowned explorer, a member of Western Australia's legislative and executive councils for nearly 40 years, but also a participant in the Pinjarra massacre on 28 October 1834.
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) (Swahili:Chuo Kikuu cha Afya na Sayansi Shirikishi Muhimbili) is a public university located in Upanga West, Ilala District of Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. It is accredited by the Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU).

Upanga West
Upanga West (Kata ya Upanga Magharibi, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward of the Ilala Municipical Council of  the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Hananasif of Kinondoni is the northern boundary of the ward. Upanga East borders the ward on the east, and Mchikichini, Mzimuni, and Jangwani border it on the south. Magomeni of Kinondoni, borders the ward to the west. The ward is home to the largest hospital in the country, Muhimbili Hospital. The ward is also home of the Union Sports Club. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 13,476.
William J. Pascrell III
William J. Pascrell III is an American lobbyist with the Princeton Public Affairs Group, and has been the Passaic County Counsel. He has worked for United States Senator and Governor Jon Corzine, United States Senator Frank Lautenberg, United States Senator Robert Menendez, Congressman Robert Roe, Herb Klein and Albio Sires as well as Governor James E. McGreevey. Pascrell earned an Emmy Award nomination in the category of Outstanding Talk Program Series for "The Battling Bills," a program he created jointly with Bill Palatucci. Pascrell graduated from Rutgers University and the Eagleton Institute of Politics, and earned a Juris Doctor from Seton Hall University.

Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County (/pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik or locally /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's eighth-most-populous county, with a population of 524,118, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 22,892 (+4.6%) from the 2010 census count of 501,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 12,177 (+2.5%) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 census. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Passaic County is Paterson, the county seat, with 159,732 residents at the 2020 Census, more than 30% of the county's population, while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles (208.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county's area.
Curculionichthys insperatus
Curculionichthys insperatus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to the Paraná River drainage in Brazil, where it inhabits streams near banks covered with partially submerged vegetation. It reaches 3 cm (1.2 inches) standard length. This species was formerly classified as a member of the genus Hisonotus, although it was moved to the then-new genus Curculionichthys in 2015.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Chifra (woreda)
Chifra (or Sifra) is a woreda in Afar Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 1, Chifra is located  In 40.016562, 11.603945 Altitude and longitude coordinations, near the base of the eastern escarpment of the Ethiopian Highlands and bordered on the south by Mille, on the west by the Amhara Region, on the north by the Administrative Zone 4, and on the east by Dubti; the Logiya River defines part of the boundary with Zone 4.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Johanneberg Science Park
Johanneberg Science Park was established in December 2009 by the Chalmers University of Technology Foundation and the City of Gothenburg to create better conditions for regional sustainable growth, based on the activities currently conducted within Chalmers University of Technology at Campus Johanneberg in Gothenburg, Sweden.

The Science Park primarily support development of activities within the disciplines of Urban Development, Environment, Energy, Materials and Nanoscience.

Gothenburg Municipality
Gothenburg Municipality (Göteborgs kommun or Göteborgs stad) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Gothenburg.

When the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863 the City of Gothenburg, founded and chartered in 1621, became a city municipality with an elected city council (stadsfullmäktige). Its territory has since then been added through amalgamations in 1868, 1906, 1922, 1931, 1945, 1948, 1967 and 1974. The local government reform of 1971 made the city a unitary municipality, like all others in the country. The municipality prefers, however, to style itself Göteborgs stad (City of Gothenburg), whenever legally possible.

In March 2018 it was reported that the municipality and municipality-owned companies had 236 employees working with public relations (Swedish: kommunikation), more than Stockholm, to a cost of 400 000 SEK daily or 151 million SEK annually.
Carbolineum
Carbolineum is an oily, water-insoluble, flammable, dark brown mixture from coal tar components, smelling of tar. It contains among other things anthracene and phenol.

Because of its rot-resisting and disinfecting effect, Carbolineum was used over many years for the preservation of wooden structures such as railroad ties, telephone poles, cabins, etc.

More recently, its use has been limited and/or forbidden by the introduction of stricter environmental regulations.

Log cabin
A log cabin is a small log house, especially a minimally finished or less architecturally sophisticated structure. Log cabins have an ancient history in Europe, and in North America are often associated with first-generation home building by settlers. Construction with logs was described by the Roman architect Vitruvius Pollio in his architectural treatise De Architectura. He described the log-based dwellings in Pontus.
Truggy
A truggy is a type of high performance off-road racing vehicle that combines features from two older existing categories of off-road racing vehicles, trucks and buggies.  The first truggies were built for racing in the SCORE and BITD off-road desert racing series, held in Mexico, California, Nevada and Arizona.

Best in the Desert
The Best In The Desert Racing Association (BITD) is an American desert off-road racing association, based out of Las Vegas, Nevada. It was founded by Casey Folks in 1984, and is currently owned by his sons Daryl and Bryan Folks. The BITD was originally a motorcycle-only series, until the Vegas To Reno, the longest off-road race in the United States, was introduced in 1996 with four-wheel classes.
Arvind Mayaram
Arvind Mayaram (born 13 October 1955) is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of 1978 batch belonging to Rajasthan cadre. He was Finance Secretary, Ministry of Finance of Government of India.

On 21 December 2018 he was appointed as principal economic advisor to Government of Rajasthan where he served till December 2023.

Government of Rajasthan
The Government of Rajasthan is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Rajasthan and its 41 districts. It consists of an executive branch, led by the governor of Rajasthan, as well as judiciary and legislative branches. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) and the secretariat. There are various programs announced by the Government of Rajasthan.
Scandal Street (1938 film)
Scandal Street is a 1938 American drama film directed by James P. Hogan and written by Bertram Millhauser and Eddie Welch. The film stars Lew Ayres, Louise Campbell, Roscoe Karns, Porter Hall, Edgar Kennedy and Elizabeth Patterson. The film was released on February 11, 1938, by Paramount Pictures.

Porter Hall
Clifford Porter Hall (September 19, 1888 – October 6, 1953) was an American character actor known for appearing in a number of films in the 1930s and 1940s. Hall typically played villains or comedic incompetent characters.
1978 NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1978 NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested March 10−11, 1978 at Cobo Arena in Detroit, Michigan at the 14th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States.

UTEP reclaimed the top spot in the team standings, finishing 6 points ahead of Auburn; it was the Miners' fourth overall team title and their fourth in five seasons.

Auburn Tigers
The Auburn Tigers are the athletic teams representing Auburn University, a public four-year university located in Auburn, Alabama, United States. The Auburn Tigers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Monochrome astrophotography techniques
Monochrome photography is one of the earliest styles of photography and dates back to the 1800s. Monochrome photography is also a popular technique among astrophotographers. This is due to the omission of the Bayer filter, a colour filter array that sits in front of the CMOS or CCD sensor, allowing for a single sensor to produce a colour image.

Monochrome
A monochrome or monochromatic image, object or palette is composed of one color (or values of one color). Images using only shades of grey are called grayscale (typically digital) or black-and-white (typically analog). In physics, monochromatic light refers to electromagnetic radiation that contains a narrow band of wavelengths, which is a distinct concept.