hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ravenshaw
Ravenshaw is an English surname from Derbyshire, County Durham, Northumberland, and Warwickshire. There are various theories to the meaning, but the simplest is "raven" (either a bird or a personal name), and "wood". The oldest historical record of a surname variant was that of "Stephen de Ravenshagh", 1332, Lancashire. There are other variants. Ravenshaw is uncommon as a given name.

People with the surname include:

Edward Vincent Ravenshaw (1854–1880), Scottish footballer

Hurdis Ravenshaw (1869 – c. 1920), British Army officer

John Goldsborough Ravenshaw II, (1777–1840), chairman of the British East India Company

Thomas Edward Ravenshaw (1827–1914), educator, founder of Ravenshaw College, and a member of the British East India Company

Hurdis Ravenshaw
Major-General Hurdis Secundus Lalande Ravenshaw CMG (June 1869 – c. 6 June 1920) was a senior British Army officer in the First World War who served at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and saw action on the North-West Frontier of India, in South Africa in the Second Boer War, and in France and Greece in the First World War. In 1916 a German U-boat captured him, and he was a prisoner of war for the next two years. He died in 1920 in unusual circumstances after becoming lost in the South African bush near Port Elizabeth and succumbing to the elements.
Texas Tower 2
Texas Tower 2 (ADC ID: TT-2) was a former United States Air Force Texas Tower General Surveillance Radar station, first operational in 1955. It was located 110 miles (180 km)  east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in 56 feet (17 m) of water.  The tower was closed in 1963 and dismantled.

Located on Georges Bank, Texas Tower 2 was one in a series of manned radar stations that were so named because they resembled the oil-drilling platforms of the Gulf of Mexico. Air Defense Command (ADC) estimated that the Texas Towers would help extend contiguous East Coast radar coverage some 300 to 500 miles (480 to 800 km) seaward. In terms of Soviet military capabilities, this would provide the United States with an extra 30 minutes of warning time in the event of an incoming bomber attack.

Georges Bank
Georges Bank (formerly known as St. Georges Bank) is a large elevated area of the sea floor between Cape Cod, Massachusetts (United States), and Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia (Canada). It separates the Gulf of Maine from the Atlantic Ocean.

The 1610 Velasco map, prepared for King James I of England, used the name "S. Georges Banck", a common practice when the name of the English patron saint, St. George, was sprinkled around the English-colonized world. By the 1850s, it was known simply as Georges Bank.
Four Hang; Two Point the Way
Four Hang; Two Point the Way is the name given by the folklorist Archer Taylor to a traditional riddle-type noted for its wide international distribution. The most common solution is 'cow', and in Taylor's view 'we can probably infer that a cow was the original answer'.: 610

Archer Taylor
Archer Taylor (August 1, 1890 – September 30, 1973) was one of America's "foremost specialists in American and European folklore", with a special interest in cultural history, literature, proverbs, riddles and bibliography.
Carroll C. Pratt
Carroll Cornelius Pratt (27 April 1894 – 8 October 1979) was an American psychologist and musicologist. Much of his work centered on the interplay of psychology, music and emotion. He was involved with the experimental psychology and Gestalt psychology movements.

Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology is the work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these.
Elvir Baljić
Elvir Baljić (Turkish: Elvir Baliç) (born 8 July 1974) is a Bosnian-Turkish professional football manager and former player.

As a player, Baljić's biggest success was winning the UEFA Champions League with Spanish giant Real Madrid in the 1999–2000 season & 2001–02 season despite he played only 1 game in the first part of the season and then loaned out during winter transfer. Apart from the UEFA Champions League success, he also won the Turkish Süper Lig with Fenerbahçe in the 2000–01 season.

After ending his playing career, Baljić became an assistant manager of Safet Sušić at the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team, with whom he qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Baljić briefly managed Turkish club Karabükspor in 2015. After Karabükspor, he was also an assistant of Sušić at Alanyaspor in 2017 and Akhisarspor in 2018. Baljić also managed Bosnian club Tuzla City.

Akhisarspor
Akhisarspor Kulübü (lit. 'Akhisar Sports Club'), commonly known as Akhisarspor, is a Turkish professional football club located in the city of Akhisar. Formed in 1970, Akhisarspor are nicknamed Akigo. The club has a fierce rivalry with Turgutluspor and Manisaspor.

Akhisarspor had their first major success in 2012 when they won the TFF First League and as a result were promoted to the Süper Lig. On 10 May 2018, Akhisarspor won their first professional trophy, the 2017–18 Turkish Cup. On 5 August 2018, they won the Turkish Super Cup by beating Galatasaray on penalties.
Neil W. Levin
Neil W. Levin is a Professor Emeritus of the Jewish Theological Seminary, and since 1993 has served as the Artistic Director of the Milken Archive of Jewish Music.

Levin has studied the music of the Jewish experience from historical, musical, and ethnological perspectives. His areas of focus include comparative considerations of eastern and western spheres of Ashkenazi Jewry in terms of their sacred work, secular art, theatrical, and folk music, and the musical creativity and life of American Jewry. As a professor of Jewish music on the faculty of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York (JTS) since 1982, he has taught graduate courses on the history, development, and repertoire of synagogue music, cantorial art, Yiddish and Hebrew folksong, the music of modern Israel, and music of the Jewish-American experience. He has been a lecturer and presenter at university seminars and academic conferences throughout the United States, Europe, and Israel.

Jewish Theological Seminary of America
The Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) is a Conservative Jewish education organization in New York City, New York. It is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism as well as a hub for academic scholarship in Jewish studies. The Jewish Theological Seminary Library is one of the most significant collections of Judaica in the world.
Mount Garan
Mount Garan (67°32′S 98°56′E﻿ / ﻿67.533°S 98.933°E﻿ / -67.533; 98.933) is a mountain marked by a cluster of small peaks, rising 9 nautical miles (17 km) southwest of Mount Strathcona near the head of Denman Glacier in Antarctica. It was mapped from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for E.M. Garan, aerial photographer on Operation Highjump flights over this and other coastal areas.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying Group D
Group D of UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying was one of the ten groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 2024 final tournament in Germany. Group D consisted of five teams: Armenia, Croatia, Latvia, Turkey and Wales. The teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format.

The top two teams, Turkey and Croatia, qualified directly for the final tournament. The participants of the qualifying play-offs were decided based on their performance in the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League.

2022–23 UEFA Nations League
The 2022–23 UEFA Nations League was the third season of the UEFA Nations League, an international association football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The competition was held from June to September 2022 (league phase), June 2023 (Nations League Finals), and March 2024 (relegation play-outs).

Following their win in 2021, defending champions France were unable to defend their title in the finals after finishing third in their group.

Spain won the final against Croatia, 5–4 on penalties following a 0–0 draw after extra time, for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Hironobu Abe
Hironobu Abe (安倍 寛信, Abe Hironobu); born May 30, 1952) is a Japanese businessman. He is the CEO of AB Communications and former CEO of Mitsubishi Corporation Packaging. A scion of the Satō–Kishi–Abe family, he is the eldest son of politician Shintaro Abe, and the older brother of former prime minister of Japan Shinzo Abe and former minister of defense Nobuo Kishi. Abe was a grandson of former prime minister Nobusuke Kishi and a grand-nephew of former prime minister Eisaku Satō.

Minister of Defense (Japan)
The Minister of Defense (防衛大臣, Bōei Daijin), or Bōei-shō (防衛相), is a  member of the Japanese cabinet and is the leader of the Ministry of Defense, the executive department of the Japanese Armed Forces. The minister of defense's position of command and authority over the military is second only to that of the Prime Minister of Japan, who is the commander-in-chief.

The minister of defense is appointed by the Prime Minister and is a member of the National Security Council. The current Minister of Defense is Shinjirō Koizumi, who took office on October 21, 2025.
1986 Central State Marauders football team
The 1986 Central State Marauders football team represented Central State University as an independent during the 1986 NCAA Division II football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Billy Joe, the Marauders compiled an overall record of 10–1–1. At the conclusion of the season, the Marauders were also recognized as black college national champion.

Black college football national championship
The Black college football national championship, also named the HBCU football championship, is a national championship honor that, since 1920, has been regularly bestowed upon the best college football teams among historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) within the United States. The 2025 HBCU football champions are the South Carolina State Bulldogs.
New England Annual Conference
The New England Annual Conference is an Annual Conference (a regional episcopal area, similar to a diocese) of the United Methodist Church. This conference serves the congregations in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, eastern Connecticut, and all of Vermont. The conference's administrative offices and the office of the bishop are located in Lawrence, Massachusetts. It is part of the Northeastern Jurisdictional Conference. The bishop is the Reverend Sudarshana Devadhar (Boston Area).

Lawrence, Massachusetts
Lawrence is a city located in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, on the Merrimack River. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 89,143. Surrounding communities include Methuen to the north, Andover to the southwest, and North Andover to the east. Lawrence and Salem were the county seats of Essex County, until the state abolished county government in 1999. Lawrence is part of the Merrimack Valley.

Manufacturing products of the city include electronic equipment, textiles, footwear, paper products, computers, and foodstuff. Lawrence was the residence of the poet Robert Frost for his early school years; his essays and poems were first published in the Lawrence High School newspaper. Lawrence is also the birthplace of composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein in 1918, and singer Robert Goulet in 1933.
Amboanana
Amboanana is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Arivonimamo, which is a part of Itasy Region. The population of the commune was estimated 19,217 in 2019.

It is situated on the Route d'Interet Provincial 84 at 16 km from Arivonimamo.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize and potatoes. Services provide employment for 1% of the population.

Itasy Region
Itasy is a region in central Madagascar. It borders Analamanga region in northeast, 
Vakinankaratra in south and Bongolava in northwest. The capital of the region is Miarinarivo, and the population was 897,962 in 2018. It is the smallest of all the 22 regions in area with 6,993 km2 (2,700 sq mi), and is the most densely populated region after Analamanga.
Manu National Park
Manu National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional del Manu) is a national park and biosphere reserve located in the regions of Madre de Dios and Cusco in Peru. It protects a diverse number of ecosystems including lowland rainforests, cloud forests and Andean grasslands.

Department of Madre de Dios
Madre de Dios (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaðɾe ðe ˈðjos] ⓘ, English: Mother of God) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it borders Brazil, Bolivia and the Peruvian departments of Puno, Cusco and Ucayali, in the Amazon Basin. It is also the third largest department in Peru, after Ucayali and Loreto. However, it is also the least densely populated department in Peru, as well as its least populous department. It has one of the lowest poverty rates in Peru. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puerto Maldonado.
Cayetano Heredia
Cayetano Heredia (August 5, 1797 – June 11, 1861) was a Peruvian physician, born in Catacaos, Piura, northwestern Peru. He studied medicine at the Royal College of Medicine and Surgery of the National University of San Marcos. Together with Hipólito Unanue, he was one of the two greatest Peruvian physicians of the 19th century. He happened to live through the tense period of the struggle for independence of Peru from Spain, and his participation in political life was as intense as the time and effort he devoted to medicine. He was the first dean of the Faculty of Medicine San Fernando (ex College of the Independence). He died in Lima on 1861.

Cayetano Heredia University, a Peruvian medical school founded in 1961, was named after him.

Piura
Piura is a city in northwestern Peru, located north of the Sechura Desert along the Piura River. It is the capital of the Piura Region and the Piura Province. Its population was 484,475 as of 2017 and it is the 7th most populous city in Peru. The city is located in the central eastern part of the Piura Region, 981 kilometers from the country's capital, Lima and is near to the border with Ecuador.

It was here that Spanish Conqueror Francisco Pizarro founded the third Spanish city in South America and first in Peru, under the name of San Miguel de la Nueva Castilla (en: Saint Michael of New Castile) in the Tallán settlement of Tangarará on July: 27  or August of 1532. Piura declared its independence from Spain on 4 January 1821, a few months before Peru gained its independence on 28 July 1821. It is the commercial and administrative center of the Department of Piura.
Bacterial blight of cotton
Bacterial blight of cotton is a disease affecting the cotton plant resulting from infection by Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar malvacearum (Xcm)  a Gram negative, motile rod-shaped, non spore-forming bacterium with a single polar flagellum

Xanthomonas citri
Xanthomonas citri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. Although it is harmless for humans, it is a phytopathogen, known for being the causing agent of citrus canker.

Many pathovars are misclassified as X. cissicola, X. campestris, or X. axonopodis. A 2022 study proposes moving 20 pathovars in these three (including the sole representative of X. cissicola) into X. citri. However, based on the principle of priority, all "X. citri" should become instead named under the earliest-published name, X. cissicola like in GTDB. The two proposals do not affect the independence of X. campestris and X. axonopodis, as their type strains are sufficiently distinct from X. citri/cissicola to be their own species.
1956–57 Swiss 1. Liga
The 1956–57 1. Liga season was the 25th season of the 1. Liga since its creation in 1931. At this time, the 1. Liga was the third-tier of the Swiss football league system and it was the highest level of total amateur football. At this time, the clubs in the two higher divisions  in Switzerland were starting to employ semi-professional or even professional players.

Swiss football league system
The Swiss football league system, is a series of interconnected leagues for association football clubs in Switzerland, with seven teams from Liechtenstein, and one each from exclaves of Germany and Italy, also competing. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system. The first two levels of the system are collectively called Swiss Football League.

Liechtenstein does not have its own national league, therefore its teams compete in the Swiss leagues; see List of association football clubs playing in the league of another country.
Convex polygon
In geometry, a convex polygon is a polygon that is the boundary of a convex set. This means that the line segment between two points of the polygon is contained in the union of the interior and the boundary of the polygon. In particular, it is a simple polygon (not self-intersecting).  Equivalently, a polygon is convex if every line that does not contain any edge intersects the polygon in at most two points.

Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1946–1948
This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 23 November 1946 election and the 21 August 1948 election. The Nationalist Party had dissolved and its members had joined the new Liberal Party by the time of the election.

Tasmanian Liberal Party
The Tasmanian Liberal Party, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division) and more simply as the Tasmanian Liberals, is the state division of the Liberal Party of Australia in Tasmania.

The incumbent premier of Tasmania is Jeremy Rockliff, who has served as the Liberal leader since 2022.
Peru–Slovakia relations
Peru–Slovakia relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Peru and the Slovak Republic. Both countries are members of the United Nations and of the Pacific Alliance, where Slovakia is an observer state.

Pacific Alliance
The Pacific Alliance (Spanish: Alianza del Pacífico) is a Latin American trade bloc, formed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, which all border the Pacific Ocean. The alliance was formed with the express purpose of improving regional integration and moving toward complete freedom in the movement of goods, services, capital and people between the four member states. Together, these four countries have a combined population of more than 230 million people and make up roughly 35 percent of Latin American GDP.
Crans, Jura
Crans (French pronunciation: [kʁɑ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. As of 2014 estimates, the village has a population of approximately 68 residents.

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
Syrian Basic Law of 1920
The Syrian Basic Law of 1920 was the first constitution of Syria, adopted during the brief existence of the Arab Kingdom of Syria under King Faisal I. Drafted and adopted by the Syrian National Congress, it established Syria as a secular, constitutional monarchy with a representative parliamentary system, separation of powers, and national sovereignty. The constitution remained in force only for a few days before the French occupation of Damascus following the Battle of Maysalun and the imposition of the French Mandate, which annulled the constitutional order. Despite its short lifespan, the 1920 constitution is regarded as a foundational document in the development of modern Syrian constitutional thought.

Secular state
A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. A secular state claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion, and claims to avoid preferential treatment for a citizen based on their religious beliefs, affiliation or lack of either over those with other profiles.

Although secular states have no state religion, the absence of an established state religion does not mean that a state is completely secular or egalitarian. For example, some states that describe themselves as secular have religious references in their national anthems and flags, laws that benefit one religion or another, or are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance.
State Road 119 (Serbia)
State Road 119, is an IIA-class road in northern Serbia, connecting Croatia at Neštin with Sremska Kamenica. It is located in Vojvodina.

Before the new road categorization regulation given in 2013, the route wore the following names: P 107 (before 2012) / 116 (after 2012).

The existing route is a regional road with two traffic lanes. By the valid Space Plan of Republic of Serbia the road is not planned for upgrading to main road, and is expected to be conditioned in its current state.

Neštin
Neštin (Serbian Cyrillic: Нештин) is a village located in the Bačka Palanka municipality, in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Geographically, it is located in the region of Syrmia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 794 inhabitants. Also, wine produced in Neštin is well-known.
Of Time, Tombs and Treasures
Of Time, Tombs and Treasures is a 1977 American short documentary film about the discovery the Tomb of the Tutankamun. Produced by James R. Messenger, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.