hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USNS Henry Gibbins
USNS Henry Gibbins (T-AP-183) was a troop transport that served with the United States Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) during the 1950s. Prior to her MSTS service, she served as US Army transport USAT Henry Gibbins during World War II. She later served with the New York Maritime Academy as TS Empire State IV and with the Massachusetts Maritime Academy as USTS Bay State.

Henry Gibbins was one of four ships planned for the United States Lines North Atlantic service and ordered under Maritime Commission contract from the Ingalls Shipbuilding Company of Pascagoula, Mississippi with the allocated name of American Banker. Laid down on 23 August 1941; she was launched on 11 November 1942 as Biloxi.  She was delivered to the Army Transportation Service 27 February 1943 as Henry Gibbins and served the Army as a troop transport during World War II.

Ingalls Shipbuilding
Ingalls Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of HII. It is a producer of ships for the United States Navy, and, as of 2023, is the largest private employer in Mississippi.
Vandika Ervandovna Avetisyan
Vandika Ervandovna Avetisyan (born October 5, 1928) is a Doctor of Biology and a noted Armenian botanist and mycologist. She has worked and explored extensively in her native Armenia under the auspices of the Institute of Botany of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences. Her alma mater is Yerevan State University, the oldest and most prestigious of Yerevan's universities. The standard author abbreviation V.E.Avet. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name..

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Reconstruction in Alabama
During the Reconstruction era, Alabama was put under U.S. military rule. A constitutional convention was held. Enslavement of African Americans ended and the federal Reconstruction Acts enshrined their basic civil and political rights. African Americans were elected to state and local offices and others were appointed to public offices. Public school systems were established including schools and colleges for African Americans.

There were hardships after the war for both Whites and Blacks. Economic disruption and social change led to unrest in various parts of the state. Many Confederate soldiers and their supporters sought the restoration of White supremacy and Democratic Party rule. For many within Deep South Alabama, the time of reconstruction was a time of civil unrest and political battles leading up to and following the reunification of Alabama into the Union.

Reconstruction Acts
The Reconstruction Acts, or the Military Reconstruction Acts, sometimes referred to collectively as the Reconstruction Act of 1867, were four landmark U.S. federal statutes enacted by the 39th and 40th United States Congresses over the vetoes of President Andrew Johnson from March 2, 1867 to March 11, 1868, establishing martial law in the Southern United States and the requirements for the readmission of those states which had declared secession at the start of the American Civil War. The requirements of the Reconstruction Acts were considerably more stringent than the requirements imposed by Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson between 1863 and 1867 and marked the end of that period of "presidential" reconstruction and the beginning of "congressional" or "radical" reconstruction.

The Acts did not apply to Tennessee, which had already ratified the 14th Amendment and had been readmitted to the Union on July 24, 1866.
Mohammad Ibraheem Khwakhuzhi
Ustad Mohammad Ibraheem Khwakhuzhi (Pashto: استاد محمد ابراهيم خواخوږى) son of Dur Mohammad Khan Baloch (descendant of Khan of Kalat Mir Muhammad Nasir Khan I) was born on 28 February 1920 in Malajat district of Kandahar province, Afghanistan.His son Gharzai Khwakhuzhi is an active politician in Afghan government and his grandson Gharanai Khwakhuzhi is an Afghan Foreign Service Officer at Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.

Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai
Mir Muhammad Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai (Balochi: میر محمد نصیر خان اول احمد زئی; c. 1724–1794) was the Khan of Kalat and the ruler of Balochistan between 1749 and 1794. Considered the greatest of the Khans of Kalat, his reign was marked by maximum expansion of the state as well as political consolidation of the Khanate of Kalat. He was known as Nasir Khan Noori among his subjects.
Lithothelium kiritea
Lithothelium kiritea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2024. The lichen exclusively grows on the bark of Cordyline australis.

Pyrenulaceae
The Pyrenulaceae are a family of mostly lichenized fungi in the order Pyrenulales. The family was circumscribed by the German botanist Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1870. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in the tropics, where they grow with green algae on bark.
Alejandra Méndez Salorio
Alejandra Méndez Salorio (born 12 June 1982) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. As of 2014 she served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
National symbols of Colombia
The  National symbols of Colombia are the symbols which represent the national identity  of the Republic of Colombia as a sovereign state. The national symbols intend to represent the Colombian identity by creating visual, verbal cultural iconic representations of the national people, values, goals, and history.

These symbols are often rallied around as part of celebrations of patriotism and are designed to be inclusive and representative of all the peoples of the national community.

Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, relationship, or mathematical formula. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"; on maps, blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics.

In the arts, symbolism is the use of a concrete element to represent a more abstract idea. In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (soundtrack)
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. David Arnold composed the soundtrack, which was released on December 7, 2010 in the United States by Sony Classical.

The song "There's a Place for Us" by Carrie Underwood was nominated for Best Original Song at the 68th Golden Globe Awards.

Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song
The Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song is a Golden Globe Award that was awarded for the first time in 1962 and has been awarded annually from 1965 to 2023 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. The award is presented to the songwriters of a song written specifically for a motion picture. The performers of the song are not credited, unless they also have a writing or co-writing credit.
Aseroe
Aseroe is a small genus of basidiomycete fungi of the family Phallaceae, though sometimes placed in the separate family Clathraceae. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words Asē/αση 'disgust' and roē/ροη 'juice'. The genus was described with the collection and description of the type species Aseroe rubra in 1800 by French botanist Jacques Labillardière. As with other stinkhorn-like fungi, mature fruiting bodies are covered with olive-brown slime, containing spores, which attracts flies. These fungi are common in mulch and are saprobic.

Mulch
A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth, and enhancing the visual appeal of the area.

Mulch is usually, but not exclusively, organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. plastic sheeting) or temporary (e.g. bark chips). It may be applied to bare soil or around existing plants. Mulches of manure and compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly, can improve soil productivity.

Living mulches include moss lawns and other ground covers.
Langli Station
Langli Station (Norwegian: Langli holdeplass) was a railway station located at Langli in Ski, Norway. Situated on the Eastern Østfold Line, it was 32.09 kilometers (19.94 mi) from Oslo Central Station (Oslo S). Established as a flag stop in 1928, it saw limited traffic, with only 15 daily boarding and disembarking passengers in 2008. It consisted of a simple wooden side platform and a shed. The station closed on 9 November 2012.

Eastern Østfold Line
The Eastern Østfold Line (Norwegian: Østfoldbanens østlige linje) is a 79-kilometer (49 mi) railway line which runs between Ski and Sarpsborg. It follows a more eastern route than the Østfold Line, with which it adjoins at both Ski Station and Sarpsborg Station, serving the Indre Østfold district. The line is single track and electrified. The Eastern Line serves the hourly R22 services of the Oslo Commuter Rail, operated by Vy. There is no regular traffic south of Rakkestad Station, although the line can be used for freight trains when the Western Line is closed.

The line was built at the same time as the Østfold Line, but opened three years later, on 24 November 1882. Stations were designed by Balthazar Lange. The Eastern Line has always featured fewer trains and had a lower standard. The line was electrified in 1958. It became the first line in Norway to feature the European Rail Traffic Management System, becoming operational in 2015.
Bathybates
Bathybates is a genus of piscivorous cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. The genus includes both pelagic species that mainly feed on Tanganyika sardines and benthic species that mainly feed on other cichlids. They are some of the deepest-living cichlids, regularly occurring down to 200 m (660 ft).

They are elongated in shape with a silvery color and a dark spotted or striped pattern. Depending on the species involved, they reach lengths of up to 20.5 to 42 cm (8–16.5 in).

Although not closely related, they have sometimes been compared to piscivorous Rhamphochromis cichlids of Lake Malawi.

George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger FRS (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Boulenger was also an active botanist during the last 30 years of his life, especially in the study of roses.
BeagleBoard
The BeagleBoard is a low-power open-source single-board computer produced by Texas Instruments in association with Digi-Key and Newark element14. The BeagleBoard was also designed with open source software development in mind, and as a way of demonstrating the Texas Instrument's OMAP3530 system-on-a-chip. The board was developed by a small team of engineers as an educational board that could be used in colleges around the world to teach open source hardware and software capabilities. It is also sold to the public under the Creative Commons share-alike license. The board was designed using Cadence OrCAD for schematics and Cadence Allegro for PCB manufacturing; no simulation software was used.

Cadence Design Systems
Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (stylized as cādence) is an American multinational technology and computational software company headquartered in San Jose, California.  Initially specialized in electronic design automation (EDA) software for the semiconductor industry, currently the company makes software and hardware for designing products such as integrated circuits, systems on chips (SoCs), printed circuit boards, and pharmaceutical drugs, also licensing intellectual property for the electronics, aerospace, defense and automotive industries.
Rotated letter
In the days of printing with metal type sorts, it was common to rotate letters and digits 180° to create new symbols. This was a cheap way to extend the alphabet that didn't require purchasing or cutting custom sorts. The method was used for example with the Palaeotype alphabet, the International Phonetic Alphabet, the Fraser script, and for some mathematical symbols. Perhaps the earliest instance of this that is still in use is turned e for schwa.

In the eighteenth-century Caslon metal fonts, the British pound sign (£) was set with a rotated swash uppercase J.

Turned e
Ǝ ǝ (turned E or reversed E) is an additional letter of the Latin alphabet used in African languages using the Pan-Nigerian alphabet. The minuscule is based on a rotated e and the capital form majuscule Ǝ, based on a reversed (mirrored) majuscule E.

It is not to be confused with U+2203 ∃ THERE EXISTS, the existential quantifier used in logic, or with U+0259 ə LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA (uppercase Ə), which is used as a phonetic symbol for the mid central vowel and as a letter in Latin-based orthographies, such as Azerbaijani and the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages.

In MacOS with the U.S. Extended keyboard, the letters Ǝ ǝ are made with ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+: followed by E e respectively.
President's Award for the Environment
The President’s Award for the Environment was established in 2006 by the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment of Singapore.

The Award recognizes and honours individuals, organizations and companies which have contributed to Singapore's efforts in achieving environmental sustainability, and is presented by the President of Singapore at the Istana.

The Istana
The Istana houses the offices of the President and Prime Minister and is a venue for state events and important official functions.

The Istana is also the office of the prime minister of Singapore and contains Sri Temasek, the official residence of the prime minister since Singapore's independence in 1965, though none of the prime ministers have ever lived there.

The 106 acres (0.43 km2) estate was once part of the extensive nutmeg plantation of Mount Sophia. In 1867, the British colonial government acquired the land and built a mansion to be the official home of the British governor. This continued until 1959 when Singapore was granted self-governance, and the governor was replaced by the Yang di-Pertuan Negara, who was in turn replaced by the president of Singapore.
United Arab Emirates Handball Federation
The United Arab Emirates Handball Federation (UAEHF) is an administrative body for handball and beach handball in United Arab Emirates. It is a member of the Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1975.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Hypertree network
A hypertree network is a network topology that shares some traits with the binary tree network. It is a variation of the fat tree architecture.

A hypertree of degree k depth d may be visualized as a 3-dimensional object whose front view is the top-down complete k-ary tree of depth d and the side view is the bottom-up complete binary tree of depth d.

Hypertrees were proposed in 1981 by James R. Goodman and Carlo Sequin.

Hypertrees are a choice for parallel computer architecture, used, e.g., in the connection machine CM-5.

M-ary tree
In graph theory, an m-ary tree (for nonnegative integers m) (also known as n-ary, k-ary, k-way or generic tree) is an arborescence (or, for some authors, an ordered tree) in which each node has no more than m children. A binary tree is an important case where m = 2; similarly, a ternary tree is one where m = 3.
Murviel-lès-Montpellier
Murviel-lès-Montpellier (French pronunciation: [myʁvjɛl lɛ mɔ̃pəlje], literally Murviel near Montpellier; Languedocien: Mervièlh) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

The Oppidum d'Altimurium, also known as the Oppidum Murviel-les-Montpellier, is an ancient hill-town (or oppidum) located near the village.

Agénor Azéma de Montgravier, pioneering archaeologist, carried out excavations in the mid 19th century at the Roman ruins of Murviel-lès-Montpellier on behalf of the Commission de la Carte des Gaules. An archaeological museum with some artifacts from the site is located in Murviel-les-Montpellier.

Lès
The word lès (French pronunciation: [lɛ] ⓘ, and [lɛz‿] with liaison) is an archaic French preposition meaning "near", "nearby", or "next to". Today it occurs only in place names to distinguish places with the same name.

The word lès has two variants: lez and les. The latter should not be confused with the plural definite article les (e.g. les-Bains, "the Baths").
Mississippi Highway 493
Mississippi Highway 493 (MS 493) is a state highway in eastern Mississippi for a length of 35 miles (56 km). It begins in the northernmost part of Meridian and travels through rural northern Lauderdale County and western Kemper County. The highway south of MS 16 is signed and maintained by the state while the portion north of it is unsigned and is maintained by Kemper County.

Unsigned highway
An unsigned highway is a highway that has been assigned a route number, but does not bear road markings that would conventionally be used to identify the route with that number. Highways are left unsigned for a variety of reasons, and examples are found throughout the world. Depending on the policy of the agency that maintains the highway, and the reason for not signing the route, the route may instead be signed a different designation from its actual number, with small inventory markers for internal use, or with nothing at all.
Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway
The Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway was a railway line that ran from Wrexham in North Wales, to Ellesmere in Shropshire, England. The line opened in 1895 and closed in 1962, except for a residual goods service which itself closed in 1981.

The line had been conceived as part of a through route to by-pass the dominant Great Western Railway route, but this destiny was never realised, and the line was simply a rural branch. It was worked by the Cambrian Railways effectively as part of that company's system. Wrexham was then the largest town served by the Cambrian Railways.

River Dee, Wales
The River Dee (Welsh: Afon Dyfrdwy, Latin: Deva Fluvius) flows through North Wales and Cheshire, England. The majority of the river is located in Wales, with the stretch between Aldford and Saltney within England and two other sections forming the border between the two countries. The length of the section from Bala to Chester is 113 km (70 miles).

The river rises on Dduallt in Snowdonia and flows east through Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Corwen, and Llangollen. It turns north near Overton-on-Dee and forms part of the England–Wales border before fully entering England near Aldford, north-east of Wrexham. It flows through Chester then re-enters Wales near Saltney; the final section is canalised and discharges to the Irish Sea via an estuary 23 km (14 miles) long.
Austvorren Ridge
Austvorren Ridge (73°6′S 1°35′W﻿ / ﻿73.100°S 1.583°W﻿ / -73.100; -1.583) is the eastern of two rock ridges which trend northward from the Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), and mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and given the name "Austvorren" (the "east jetty").

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
The German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German Reich, by order of the "Commissioner for the Four Year Plan" Hermann Göring. Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat was mandated with planning and preparation.

The expedition's main objective was of economic nature, in particular the establishment of a whaling station and the acquisition of fishing grounds for a German whaling fleet in order to reduce the Reich's dependence on the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats. Preparations took place under strict secrecy as the enterprise was also tasked to make a feasibility assessment for a future occupation of Antarctic territory in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East.
Ukraine at the Youth Olympics
Ukraine competed at the Youth Olympic Games for the first time in 2010 in Singapore, and has participated in every Games since then.

The National Olympic Committee for Ukraine is the National Olympic Committee of Ukraine, which was created in 1990 and recognized in 1993.

Ukrainian athletes have won 74 medals at the Summer Youth Games, and 5 at the Winter Youth Games.

National Olympic Committee of Ukraine
The National Olympic Committee of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Нацiональний олiмпiйський комiтет України, romanized: Natsionalnyi olimpiiskyi komitet Ukrainy; IOC Code: UKR) is a non-profit all-Ukrainian public organization responsible for development, reinforcement, and protection of the Olympic movement. The organization adheres to the International Olympic Charter. The committee has an exclusive right to represent Ukraine in the Olympic Games and other competitions of the International Olympic Committee. In November 2022, Vadym Gutzeit was elected the new President of the National Olympic Committee of Ukraine.

The National Olympic Committee of Ukraine is supported by the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine.