hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
LA-4 Mirpur-IV
LA-4 Mirpur-IV is a constituency of Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly which is currently represented by the Chaudary Arshad Hussain of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). It covers the area of Khari Sharif in Mirpur District.

Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, also known as AJK Legislative Assembly is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the autonomous state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, which is located in Muzaffarabad. It was established under the Interim Constitution of AJK having a total of 53 seats, with 45 general seats, while 8 are reserved of which 5 are for women, 1 for ulama, 1 for a technocrat and 1 for J&K nationals residing abroad.
Jim Fleeting (footballer)
James Taylor Fleeting (born 8 April 1955) is a Scottish former football player and manager.

Fleeting began his professional career with Norwich City, making only one appearance before joining Ayr United, where he stayed for six years. He went on to play for Clyde and Greenock Morton (where he was assistant manager to Willie McLean), before joining Clyde again. He was appointed manager of Stirling Albion in the summer of 1988, before leaving the club and joining Kilmarnock as manager from 1989 to 1992.

Fleeting has since worked as the director of football development for the Scottish Football Association, training coaches at the National Sports Centre in Largs. José Mourinho and André Villas-Boas both obtained UEFA qualifications at Largs.

Fleeting is the father of former Scotland women's national football team player Julie Fleeting. In 1998 he served as the women's national team coach, prior to the appointment of Vera Pauw.

Largs
Largs (Scottish Gaelic: An Leargaidh Ghallda) is a town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 mi (53 km) from Glasgow. The original name means "the slopes" (An Leargaidh) in Scottish Gaelic.

A popular seaside resort with a pier, the town markets itself on its historic links with the Vikings and an annual festival is held each year in early September. In 1263 it was the site of the Battle of Largs between the Norwegian and the Scottish armies.
Like Father, Like Son (play)
Like Father, Like Son, or The Mistaken Brothers is a lost play written by Aphra Behn, first performed by the Duke's Company in 1682.

Behn based her play, a comedy, on Thomas Randolph's The Jealous Lovers (which was printed in 1640 and published in 1643).

Pierre Danchin suggests that the title may allude to a notorious Whig ballad that included the words 'Like father, like son', which was accused of inciting regicide (Behn herself was a royalist).

Like Father, Like Son proved to be such a failure with audiences that it was the only one of Behn's plays never to be printed. All that survives are its prologue and epilogue, which were printed in 1682.

Epilogue
An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος epílogo, "conclusion" from ἐπί epi, "in addition" and λόγος logos, "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and speaks directly to the reader, that is more properly considered an afterword. The opposite is a prologue—a piece of writing at the beginning of a work of literature or drama, usually used to open the story and capture interest. Some genres, for example television programs and video games, call the epilogue an "outro" patterned on the use of "intro" for "introduction".

Epilogues are usually set in the future, after the main story is completed. Within some genres it can be used to hint at the next installment in a series of work. It is also used to satisfy the reader's curiosity and to cover any loose ends of the story.
Douglas Hogarth
Hon. Douglas Aird Hogarth, QC (9 May 1927 – 17 September 1996) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and became a barrister and solicitor by career.

He was first elected at the New Westminster riding in the 1968 general election and served one term, the 28th Canadian Parliament. Leaving office, Hogarth did not participate in further federal elections.

28th Canadian Parliament
The 28th Canadian Parliament was in session from September 12, 1968, until September 1, 1972. The membership was set by the 1968 federal election on June 25, 1968, and it changed only slightly due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1972 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 20th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party led by Robert Stanfield.

The Speaker was Lucien Lamoureux. See also List of Canadian electoral districts (1966–1976) for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were four sessions of the 28th Parliament:
Charles S. Drew
Charles Stewart Drew (1825 – 1886), also known as C.S. Drew, was a representative in the legislature of the Oregon Territory of the United States and quartermaster general of the territorial militia in the 1850s.  During the American Civil War, he was a Union Army officer, serving in the 1st Oregon Cavalry regiment.  He eventually reached the rank of lieutenant colonel.  In 1864, he led an Army reconnaissance party into southeastern Oregon.  The expedition, known as the Owyhee Reconnaissance, traveled through uncharted country from Fort Klamath to Fort Boise and back.  Drew was the author of two historically important military reports; one documented Indian attacks on American settlers in the Oregon Territory and the other was his report of the Owyhee Reconnaissance.

Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), Spanish "El Orejón" was part of the Nootka Territory (1789–1795), later in the 19th century, the region was divided between the British Empire and the US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, then Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union.
Logicism
In philosophy of mathematics, logicism is a school of thought comprising one or more of the theses that – for some coherent meaning of 'logic' – mathematics is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic. Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead championed this programme, initiated by Gottlob Frege and subsequently developed by Richard Dedekind and Giuseppe Peano.

Naive set theory
Naive set theory is any of several set theories used in the discussion of the foundations of mathematics.
Unlike axiomatic set theories, which are defined using formal logic, naive set theory is defined informally, in natural language. It describes the aspects of mathematical sets familiar in discrete mathematics (for example Venn diagrams and symbolic reasoning about their Boolean algebra), and suffices for the everyday use of set theory concepts in contemporary mathematics.

Sets are of great importance in mathematics; in modern formal treatments, most mathematical objects (numbers, relations, functions, etc.) are defined in terms of sets. Naive set theory suffices for many purposes, while also serving as a stepping stone towards more formal treatments.
Polish crown jewels
The only surviving original piece of the Polish crown jewels (Polish: Polskie klejnoty koronne) from the time of the Piast dynasty is the ceremonial sword Szczerbiec. It is currently on display along with other preserved royal items at the Wawel Royal Castle Museum in Kraków.

Several royal crowns were made, including several during the 16th century, a "Hungarian Crown", a "Swedish Crown" used by the Vasa kings, and others that were subsequently lost or destroyed. The crown regalia used by the Saxon kings, and some remainders of older Polish monarchs which were appropriated by king Augustus II, also the Elector of Saxony — like a cup of Queen Jadwiga so-called roztruchan, and the magnificent scale armour, so-called karacena, of King John III Sobieski — are today on display in the Grünes Gewölbe and the Rüstkammer in Dresden, Germany.

Dresden Armoury
The Dresden Armoury or Dresden Armory (German: Rüstkammer), also known as the Dresden Historical Museum (German: Historisches Museum Dresden), is one of the world's largest collections of ceremonial weapons, armour and historical textiles. It is part of the Dresden State Art Collections and is located in Dresden Castle in Dresden.

The Turkish Chamber (German: Türkische Kammer) is a separate collection within the Dresden Armoury that is focused on art from the Ottoman Empire.
Vice Versa (1988 film)
Vice Versa is a 1988 American fantasy comedy film directed by Brian Gilbert and starring Judge Reinhold and Fred Savage. It is the fourth film adaptation of F. Anstey's 1882 novel of the same name, following the British films released in 1916, 1937 and 1948.

Thomas Anstey Guthrie
Sir Thomas Anstey Guthrie (8 August 1856 – 10 March 1934) was an English writer (writing as F. Anstey or F. T. Anstey), most noted for his comic novel Vice Versa about a boarding-school boy and his father exchanging identities. His reputation was confirmed by The Tinted Venus and many humorous parodies in Punch magazine.
Adapting Minds
Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature is a book published by MIT Press written by philosopher of science David Buller, piecing together his criticism of evolutionary psychology. A large portion of the book is dedicated to a critique of empirical findings from three research groups in the field: that of David Buss, that of Cosmides and Tooby, and that of Daly and Wilson. Buller argues that the evolutionary psychology paradigms are "mistaken in almost every detail."

Margo Wilson
Margo Wilson FRSC (1942–2009) was a Canadian evolutionary psychologist. She was a professor of psychology at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, noted for her pioneering work in the field of evolutionary psychology and her contributions to the study of violence.
Regator
Regator.com was a curated blog directory and search engine. Founded in 2007 by Scott Lockhart, Chris Turner, and Kimberly Turner and going live with Regator.com in August 2008, Regator LLC also produces Regator Breaking News and the Regator iPhone App for iOS. The API platform also allows for detailed trend tracking and analyzing text. The Breaking News app regularly breaks stories faster than news outlets such as CNN, FoxNews.com, the Huffington Post, and Twitter trending topics.

ReadWriteWeb named Regator one of the top 100 web products of 2009, and Mashable awarded Regator.com third place in the category of Social News in its 2008 Open Web Awards. CNET named the free Regator iPhone app one of the top 10 iPhone apps of 2009.

Web analytics
Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of web data to understand and optimize web usage. Web analytics is not just a process for measuring web traffic but can be used as a tool for business and market research and assess and improve website effectiveness. Web analytics applications can also help companies measure the results of traditional print or broadcast advertising campaigns. It can be used to estimate how traffic to a website changes after launching a new advertising campaign. Web analytics provides information about the number of visitors to a website and the number of page views, or creates user behaviour profiles. It helps gauge traffic and popularity trends, which is useful for market research.
Jim Keogh (technology writer)
Jim Keogh is an American technology writer. He is the author of more than 84 books including five ...For Dummies books. Keogh introduced PC programming across the US in his Popular Electronics magazine column in 1982, four years after Apple Computer started in a garage. He developed the Electronic Commerce Track at Columbia University and was a team member who built one of the first Windows applications by a Wall Street firm that was featured by Bill Gates in 1986 on Windows on Wall Street. Keogh wrote one of the first books that showed how to solve the Year 2000 problem. He is the former educational columnist for The Record, New Jersey's second-largest daily newspaper. He has appeared on CNN, FOX, GoodDay New York, NBC Weekend Today in New York, and ABC World Wide Business Report. Keogh is on the faculty of New York University.

A resident of Ridgefield Park, New Jersey, he served as a trustee on the board of education of the Ridgefield Park Public Schools.

For Dummies
For Dummies is an extensive series of instructional reference books that aim to present non-intimidating guides for readers new to the various topics covered. The series has been a worldwide success, with editions in numerous languages.

The books are an example of a media franchise, consistently sporting a distinctive cover—usually yellow and black with a triangular-headed cartoon figure known as the "Dummies Man", and an informal, blackboard-style logo. Prose is simple and direct. Bold icons—such as a piece of string tied around an index finger—indicate particularly important passages.
1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase
In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (EC 2.7.1.67) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol  ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol, whereas its two products are ADP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include phosphatidylinositol kinase (phosphorylating), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, phosphatidylinositol kinase, type II phosphatidylinositol kinase, PI kinase, and PI 4-kinase.  This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system.

Phosphotransferase
In biochemistry, phosphotransferases are enzymess that catalyze phosphorylations (addition of inorganic phosphate, abbreviated P, to some substrate)

Two kinds of phosphotransferases are kinases where ATP donates P and phosphorylases where inorganic phosphate is the P donor.
Tonyhallagh
Tonyhallagh (from Irish Tonnaigh Shalach, meaning 'The Miry Pasture') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw.

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
Edme Dumont
Edme Dumont (1720–1775) was a French sculptor.

Dumont was born into a family of sculptors: his father was François Dumont, his grandfather Pierre Dumont. He received his first lessons from his father, and was admitted to the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1768, with his reception piece Milo of Croton. He married Marie Berthault and they had a son, the sculptor Jacques-Edme Dumont. On 10 November 1775 he died at his home at the Louvre Palace and was buried the next day in the Holy Innocents' Cemetery.

Milo of Croton by François Dumont, reception piece for the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, The Louvre, 1768

Holy Innocents' Cemetery
The Holy Innocents' Cemetery (French: Cimetière des Saints-Innocents or Cimetière des Innocents) is a defunct cemetery in Paris that was used from the Middle Ages until the late 18th century. It was the oldest and largest cemetery in Paris and had often been used for mass graves. It was closed because of overuse in 1780, and in 1786 the remaining corpses were exhumed and transported to the unused subterranean quarries near Montparnasse known as the Catacombs. The place Joachim-du-Bellay in the Les Halles district now covers the site of the cemetery.

The cemetery took its name (referring to the Biblical Massacre of the Innocents) from the attached church of the Holy Innocents that was demolished at the same time as the cemetery was cleared.
Midwest Combat
Midwest Combat is one of the camps participating in the International Fight League. It is unknown who is coaching the camp at this time. Midwest Combat takes the place of the Chicago Red Bears which used to be coached by Igor Zinoviev.

Midwest Combat was established in 2008 when the IFL switched to a more camp based system then a team based system.

Brad Blackburn
Brad Lavale Blackburn Jr. (born May 25, 1977) is a retired American mixed martial artist. A professional from 2000 until 2011, he fought for the UFC, Bellator, the Maximum Fighting Championship, and the Seattle Tiger Sharks of the now defunct International Fight League.
Mexican Federal Highway 98
Federal Highway 98 (Carretera Federal 98) is a Federal Highway of Mexico. The highway travels from Minatitlán, Colima in the northeast to Pez Vela Junction, Colima to the southwest. From Minatitlán, the highway continues on as a Colima state route to Colima City.

Colima (city)
Colima (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlima]), located in west−central Mexico, is the capital of the state of the same name and the seat of the municipality of the same name. It is the easternmost and second-largest municipality of Colima, behind Manzanillo. It is located near the Colima volcano, which divides the state from Jalisco. The city of Colima is part of the Colima metropolitan area which also includes Villa de Álvarez and other municipalities.

In 2011, FDI Intelligence, a subsidiary of the Financial Times of London, ranked Colima first in small cities and tenth in Latin America as a place to live. It was evaluated under six categories: economic potential, human resources, cost-benefit ratio, quality of life, infrastructure and favorable business environment. In 2022, however, Colima was ranked as the murder capital of the world with a homicide rate of 182 per 100,000.
Tyler McCamey
Tyler Brock McCamey (born August 19, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for USL Super League club Dallas Trinity. She played college soccer for the Princeton Tigers and began her professional career with Gotham FC and the Kansas City Current in 2025.

NWSL Shield
The NWSL Shield is an annual award given to the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) team with the best regular season record as determined by the NWSL points system. The NWSL Shield has been awarded annually since 2013 and is recognized as a major trophy by the league.

The North Carolina Courage and Seattle Reign FC, each with three NWSL Shields since the league's inception in 2013, are tied for the most shields won by any NWSL team. The Kansas City Current are the current (2025) winners.

In 2024, CONCACAF announced that the NWSL Shield winner and runner-up qualified by virtue of those accomplishments for the 2024–25 CONCACAF W Champions Cup, the inaugural edition of that competition.
Apparent viscosity
In fluid mechanics, apparent viscosity (sometimes denoted η) is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate:

For a Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity is constant, and equal to the Newtonian viscosity of the fluid, but for non-Newtonian fluids, the apparent viscosity depends on the shear rate. Apparent viscosity has the SI derived unit Pa·s (Pascal-second), but the centipoise is frequently used in practice: (1 mPa·s = 1 cP).

Shear stress
Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section.  Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.
American Water (album)
American Water is the third studio album by American indie rock band Silver Jews. Released in 1998 as an LP and CD on Drag City (DC149) in America and Domino (WIG56) in Europe, American Water was recorded at The Rare Book Room in Brooklyn and mastered at Abbey Road Studios. The album features musicians Tim Barnes, David Berman, Mike Fellows, Stephen Malkmus, Chris Stroffolino, and artwork by Chris Kysor.

Drag City (record label)
Drag City is an American independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois, established in the city in 1989 by Dan Koretzky and Dan Osborn. It specializes in indie rock, noise rock, psychedelic folk, alternative country, and experimental music. The label has featured numerous artists, including Bonnie "Prince" Billy, Bill Callahan, Joanna Newsom, and Silver Jews.
USS Cincinnati
Five ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Cincinnati, after the city of Cincinnati, Ohio.

USS Cincinnati (1861) was an ironclad river gunboat commissioned in 1862, sunk twice in battle and raised each time, and sold in 1866.

USS Cincinnati (C-7) was a protected cruiser in service from 1894 to 1919.

USS Cincinnati (CL-6) was a light cruiser commissioned in 1924, on patrols in the Atlantic Ocean during World War II, and scrapped in 1946.

USS Cincinnati (SSN-693) was a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine in service from 1978 to 1996.

USS Cincinnati (LCS-20) is an Independence-class littoral combat ship.

Protected cruiser
Protected cruisers, a type of cruiser of the late 19th century, took their name from the armored deck, which protected vital machine-spaces from fragments released by explosive shells. Protected cruisers notably lacked a belt of armour along the sides, in contrast to armored cruisers which carried both deck and belt armour.

Outside of a handful of very large designs in the major navies (which preceded the revival of armored cruisers), the majority of protected cruisers were of 'second-' or 'third-class' types, lighter in displacement and mounting fewer and/or lighter guns than armored cruisers.

By the early 20th-century, with the advent of increasingly lighter yet stronger armour, even smaller vessels could afford some level of both belt and deck armour. In the place of protected cruisers, these new 'light armored cruisers' would evolve into light cruisers and heavy cruisers, the former especially taking on many of the roles originally envisioned for protected cruisers.