hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
M. M. Joshi (ophthalmologist)
Mahipathi Madhwacharya Joshi (born 1935) is an Indian ophthalmologist and the founder of M. M. Joshi Eye Institute (Padma Nayanalaya), a 75-bedded super-specialty eye hospital, located in Hubli and Dharwad, and the largest in the region. The first post graduate private practitioner in the state of Karnataka, he is one of the founders of Karnataka Ophthalmic Society and a recipient of Rajyotsava Prashasti, the second highest civilian award of the Government of Karnataka. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2016, for his contributions to medicine.

Eye bank
Eye banks recover, prepare and deliver donated eyes for cornea transplants and research.  The first successful cornea transplant was performed in 1905 and the first eye bank was founded in 1944.  Currently, in the United States, eye banks provide tissue for over 80,000 cornea transplants each year to treat conditions such as keratoconus and corneal scarring.  In some cases, the white of the eye (sclera) is used to surgically repair recipient eyes. Unlike other organs and tissues, corneas are in adequate supply for transplants in the United States, and excess tissue is exported internationally, where there are shortages in many countries, due to greater demand and a less-developed eye banking infrastructure.
2024 FC Elimai season
The 2024 FC Elimai season was the 1st season that Elimai played back in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Kazakhstan, following their relegation from the league in 2014.

2014 FC Spartak Semey season
The 2014 FC Spartak Semey season was the club's 1st season back in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Kazakhstan, since 2004 and their 14th season in total. Spartak Semey finished the season in 12th position and were relegated back to the Kazakhstan First Division whilst also being knocked out of the Kazakhstan Cup at the First Round by FC Lashyn.
Nord-Rügen
Nord-Rügen is an Amt in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Sagard.

The Amt Nord-Rügen consists of the following municipalities:

Altenkirchen

Breege

Dranske

Glowe

Lohme

Putgarten

Sagard

Wiek

Dranske
Dranske is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

Dranske village includes a sailing school, a ceramic workshop, and a museum.     In 1999 the Naval History and Local History Museum was established at the Drankse post office; it was later moved to the old school.
NGC 7014
NGC 7014 is an elliptical galaxy located about 210 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Indus. NGC 7014 was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on October 2, 1834. A population of around 1,634 known globular clusters           surround the galaxy, and it is also host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 2.6 billion M☉. NGC 7014 is also classified as a type 1 seyfert galaxy.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Fred Winter
Frederick Thomas Winter, CBE (20 September 1926 – 5 April 2004) was a British National Hunt racing racehorse jockey and trainer. He was British jump racing Champion Jockey four times and British jump racing Champion Trainer eight times. He is the only person to have won the Cheltenham Gold Cup, Champion Hurdle and Grand National as both jockey and trainer. Winter won the Grand National four times, as a jockey in 1957 (Sundew) and 1962 (Kilmore), and as a trainer in 1965 (Jay Trump) and 1966 (Anglo).

His most famous victory as a jockey was on Mandarin in the 1962 Grand Steeple-Chase de Paris at Auteuil.  His victory despite his illness, a broken bit and Mandarin breaking down in the last half-mile was voted the greatest ride ever in a 2006 Racing Post poll.  The race was listed in The Guardian as one of the greatest races ever.

As a jockey he rode a then-record 923 National Hunt winners before his retirement in 1964.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Harbans Lal Gupta
Harbans Lal Gupta was an Indian freedom fighter and Indian politician. He was one of the founder leaders of the Praja Mandal Movement in undivided Punjab before Independence and was detained by the British during the Quit India Movement. He was the father of Anupam Gupta.

Anupam Gupta
Anupam Gupta is a senior lawyer in the Punjab and Haryana High Court, Chandigarh, India. Most notably, he has been the lawyer of the Liberhan Commission on the destruction of the Babri Masjid on 6 December 1992.
Grace Manuela Nguelo'O
Grace Manuela Nguelo'O Mabeu, (born on November 8, 2005) is a swimmer of Cameroonian origin, specializing in the sprint events of freestyle and butterfly (50m). She represented Cameroon at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
Rosalind Franklin Award
The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to an individual for outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and to support the promotion of women in STEM. It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time professors in science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of £30,000. The recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube.

Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills
The Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) was a UK government department created on 28 June 2007 to take over some of the functions of the Department of Education and Skills and of the Department of Trade and Industry. Its head office was based at Kingsgate House, 66-74 Victoria Street, London SW1, which has now been demolished. In June 2009 it was merged into the newly formed Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. It was responsible for adult learning, some parts of further education, higher education, skills, science and innovation, but only some of the department's functions were UK-wide. It oversaw the science budget, provided through the Research Councils, for the UK as a whole. On the other hand, education is a devolved matter and there were corresponding departments in the Northern Ireland Executive, Scottish Government and Welsh Assembly Government.
Mythology (Bee Gees album)
Mythology is a box set compilation of recordings by the Gibb brothers, mostly performed as the Bee Gees, arranged in a four disc set each highlighting a Gibb brother. Barry and Robin chose their own songs (presumably their personal favourites), with Maurice's songs selected by his widow Yvonne and Andy's songs selected by his daughter Peta. Several U.S. and U.K. hits are absent from this collection including "Lonely Days", "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart", "You Should Be Dancing", "Nights on Broadway", "World" and "One".

World (Bee Gees song)
"World" is a song by the British musical group Bee Gees, released in 1967 as a single in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe and then included on their album Horizontal the following year. Though it was a big hit in Europe, Atco Records did not issue it as a single in the United States, having just issued a third single from Bee Gees' 1st, "Holiday".
Dan Beach Bradley
Dan Beach Bradley (July 18, 1804 – June 23, 1873) was an American Protestant missionary to Siam from 1835 until his death. He is credited with numerous firsts, including, bringing the first Thai-script printing press to Siam, publishing the first Thai newspaper and monolingual Thai dictionary, performing the first surgery in Siam, and introducing Western medicine and technology.

Marcellus, New York
Marcellus is a town in Onondaga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 6,066. The town was probably named after Marcus Claudius Marcellus, a Roman general, by a clerk interested in the Classics.

The Marcellus Formation is a vast geological layer of shale spanning Pennsylvania, West Virginia and parts of other states and Ontario, which is named for an outcropping in or near Marcellus.

The Town of Marcellus contains a village also named Marcellus.  The town and village are southwest of Syracuse.
Aarop
Aarop is a 1974 Indian Hindi romance film, laced with crime and suspense, directed by Atma Ram, who is the brother of the legendary film maker Guru Dutt, who made intense films with powerful social themes. Atma Ram completed many of Guru Dutt's films after his mysterious suicide. The writers were Vrajendra Gaur (dialogue) and Ram Govind (screenplay). The film stars Vinod Khanna, Saira Banu and Vinod Mehra in pivotal roles and Rehman as villain. Bhupen Hazarika scored the music for lyrics penned by Maya Govind. The song "Naino mein darpan hai, darpan mein koi.." by Kishore Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar is still quite popular.

Satyen Kappu
Satyendra Kappu (born Satyendra Sharma; also credited as Satyen Kappu; 7 February 1931 – 27 October 2007), was an Indian character actor in Bollywood films. He has acted in 390 films. His most remembered role is Ramlal in the movie Sholay (1975) and as Amitabh Bachchan's father in Yash Chopra's Deewaar. His other notable films are Kati Patang, Anuraag, Amar Prem, Yaadon Ki Baraat, Khote Sikkay, Don, Chhoti Bahu, Benaam, Zanjeer, Avishkaar,  Majboor, Namak Halaal, Kaala Patthar, Angaaray, Mr. Natwarlal, Red Rose, Naya Kadam and Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar.
Dost (2004 film)
Dost (transl. Friend) is a 2004 Indian Telugu language film directed by Muppalaneni Siva. Siva Balaji, newcomer Karthik, Neha Bamb and newcomer Preethi Mehra starred with K. Viswanath in a supporting role. The music was composed by Koti. The film was a remake of 2002 Malayalam film Nammal.

Muppalaneni Shiva
Muppalaneni Shiva is an Indian film director and writer who works in Telugu cinema. He has directed movies for production houses like Suresh Productions, Super Good Films, Sravanthi Movies, Ramakrishna Cine Studios & Etharam films etc. His successful movies include Taj Mahal, Gilli Kajjalu, Priya O Priya, Ammayi Kosam, Raja, Sandade Sandadi & Sankrathi.
McEneaney
McEneaney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eamon McEneaney (1954–2001), American lacrosse player

Eamonn McEneaney, Irish Gaelic football player and manager

Sarah McEneaney (born 1955), American artist

William McEneaney, American engineer

William McEneaney
William McEneaney from the University of California, San Diego, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 "for contributions to optimal control and estimation in nonlinear systems".
Kendall Houk
Kendall Newcomb Houk is a Distinguished Research Professor in Organic Chemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles.  His research group studies organic, organometallic, and biological reactions using the tools of computational chemistry.  This work involves quantum mechanical calculations, often with density functional theory, and molecular dynamics, either quantum dynamics for small systems or force fields such as AMBER, for solution and protein simulations.

Computational chemistry
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids.  The importance of this subject stems from the fact that, with the exception of some relatively recent findings related to the hydrogen molecular ion (dihydrogen cation), achieving an accurate quantum mechanical depiction of chemical systems analytically, or in a closed form, is not feasible. The complexity inherent in the many-body problem exacerbates the challenge of providing detailed descriptions of quantum mechanical systems. While computational results normally complement information obtained by chemical experiments, it can occasionally predict unobserved chemical phenomena.
Achanum Bappayum
Achanum Bappayum is a 1972 Malayalam film directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan and written by K. T. Muhammed. It stars K. P. Ummer, Jayabharathi, Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair, Adoor Bhasi and Baby Sumathi in important roles. It won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. K. J. Yesudas won the National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer and Vayalar Ramavarma won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics for the song " Manushyan Mathangale".

K. T. Muhammed
K. T. Mohammed (29 September 1927 – 25 March 2008), popularly known as KT, was a Malayalam playwright and screenwriter. He had scripted about 40 stage plays, including Idhu Bhumiyanu (This is the Earth), considered to be his masterpiece. He had also written screenplay for about 20 films, including Kandam Becha Kottu, Thurakkatha Vathil, Moodupadam, and Kadalpalam. K. T. was a recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.
Maccabi Haifa
Maccabi Haifa (Hebrew: מכבי חיפה) is one of the biggest sports clubs in Israel and a part of the Maccabi association. It runs several sports clubs and teams in Haifa which have competed in a variety of sports over the years, such as Football, Basketball, Weightlifting, swimming, Tennis, Table tennis, Volleyball, Team handball, Water polo, Ice hockey, Artistic gymnastics, Chess, Boxing, Fencing, Rugby and others. Its teams play in green and white striped uniforms.

The club integrated the elements of Istanbul Maccabi S.K. after its dissolution in 1942.

Maccabi World Union
Maccabi World Union is an international Jewish sports organisation spanning five continents (Africa, North America, South America, Australia, Europe) and more than 50 countries, with some 400,000 members. The Maccabi World Union organises the Maccabiah Games, a prominent international Jewish athletics event.

The organisation comprises six confederations: Maccabi Israel, European Maccabi confederation, confederation Maccabi North America, confederation Maccabi Latin America, Maccabi South Africa, and Maccabi Australia.
Valentin Zanin
Valentin Petrovich Zanin (Russian name: Валентин Занин; born 27 October 1937) is a Soviet rower.

Zanin was born in 1937 in Leningrad. At the 1956 European Rowing Championships in Bled, he competed with the coxed four and they won silver. He went to the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and competed in the coxed four, where they were eliminated in the semi-final. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome with the coxed four where they came fourth.

Rowing at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics took place at Lake Albano, Italy. It was held from 31 August to 3 September. There were 21 boats (105 competitors) from 21 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the competition. The event was won by the United Team of Germany in its debut in the event (the rowers were from West Germany; Germany had previously won four times). Silver went to the French crew, the nation's first medal in the event since 1936. The defending champions Italy received bronze this time. In an event which saw constant turnover even from consistently strong nations, three members of the Italian team returned from the 1956 gold-medal crew to earn a second medal this Games: Romano Sgheiz, Ivo Stefanoni, and Franco Trincavelli were only the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th men to earn multiple medals in the coxed four.
Jonatan Tanus
Jonatan Tanus (born 4 June 1995) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for SaiPa of the Finnish Liiga. Jonatan's father Michael Tanus has served as Tappara team doctor since 2007, through his father he also holds dual Israeli citizenship. His mother Sari was elected in the Parliament of Finland in 2015 representing the Christian Democrats.

Tanus made his Liiga debut playing with Tappara during the 2015–16 Liiga season.

SaiPa
Saimaan Pallo (SaiPa) is an ice hockey team in the Finnish Liiga. They play their home games at Kisapuisto in Lappeenranta, Finland.
SaiPa has many nicknames, such as "The Sputniks", "Sputnik", "Miracle of the East" and "Eastern Giant."

SaiPa play home games in the yellow shirt, black pants, yellow socks, and a black helmet. 
SaiPa play away games in mostly the same uniform as the home games, but also have a black version of the jersey.
Winky's Horse
Winky's Horse (Dutch: Het Paard van Sinterklaas) is a 2005 Dutch-Belgian Sinterklaas drama film directed by Mischa Kamp, produced by Burny Bos and written by Tamara Bos, based on her 2002 book Winky en het paard van Sinterklaas. The film follows Winky Wong, who develops a fascination with horses amidst her struggles with her family immigrating from China to the Netherlands, When she hears about the arrival of Sinterklaas, she decides to get one from him this season.

The film was released in the Netherlands by Warner Bros. Pictures on 12 October 2005 and received a re-release the following year. The film received positive reviews from critics and won multiple award nominations and wins, it won a Golden Calf award for Best Script of a Feature Film and the film received a Golden Film for 100,000 visitors. The film was re-edited into a four-episode miniseries for television by AVRO in 2007. A sequel, Where Is Winky's Horse?, was released in 2007.

AVRO
AVRO, short for Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep ("General Association of Radio Broadcasting"), was a Dutch public broadcasting association operating within the framework of the Nederlandse Publieke Omroep system. It was the first public broadcaster in the Netherlands. In 2014 AVRO merged with fellow broadcaster TROS to form AVROTROS.
Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre individual medley SM8
The men's 200 metre individual medley SM8 event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme took place on 28 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Anne Ellis, President of the Commonwealth Games Council for Wales and the quaichs were presented by Prof. Leigh Robinson, Director of Corporate Governance and Compliance, Commonwealth Games Scotland.

Scotland at the Commonwealth Games
Scotland is one of only six countries to have competed in every Commonwealth Games since the first Empire Games in 1930. The others are Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand and Wales. The Commonwealth Games is the only major multi-sport event in which Scottish athletes and teams compete as Scotland; otherwise Scotland participates in multi-sport events as part of a Great Britain team.

The country has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times, Edinburgh in 1970 and 1986, and Glasgow in 2014. Glasgow is set to host the XXIII Commonwealth Games in 2026. The inaugural Commonwealth Youth Games were held in Edinburgh in 2000.
Mitch Dane
Mitch Dane is an American record producer, musician, and songwriter who resides in Nashville. He has worked with artists such as Jars of Clay, JJ Heller, Brandon Heath, Jetty Rae, Sonia Leigh, The Blind Boys of Alabama, The Young Fables, Ole Lonesome, Swearingen and Kelli, Kenny Foster, and many others. He was awarded a Grammy for his work on Jars of Clay's The Eleventh Hour and nominated for Grammys for his work on four other albums. Dane also received ASCAP's "Most Played Song" award for "Nothing Without You", co-written with Bebo Norman. He owns the recording studio Sputnik Sound with Vance Powell.

The Eleventh Hour (Jars of Clay album)
The Eleventh Hour is the fourth full-length studio album by the band Jars of Clay. It was released in 2002 by Essential Records and marked the band's first attempt at producing a full album by themselves.
Louis Snaer
Louis A. Snaer (June 13, 1842 - 1917) was a state legislator in Louisiana. He served as an officer in the Louisiana Native Guard. He was Creole.

Snaer was seriously wounded in the American Civil War. He was honored for bravery. He was a Republican after the war. He had a wife Maria and three children. He died in California.

He was documented in the House as "of Iberia". He served two terms in the House. Other offices held by Snaer include school board director.

He was a storekeeper at the New Orleans Custom House. In 1866 he testified he saw police firing into the Mechanics Institute and at African Americans trying to escape and found them in his store where goods were missing. He and Samuel Walefield were the proprietors of the Iberia Banner newspaper.

Sosthene L. Snaer represented Saint Martin Parish at the Louisiana Constitutional Convention of 1868. Samuel Snaer was a musician and composer in New Orleans.

Lerome Snaer is one of his descendants.

United States Custom House (New Orleans)
The U.S. Custom House, also known as the Old Post Office and Custom House, is a historic government building at 423 Canal Street in New Orleans, Louisiana.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark, receiving this designation in 1974 and noted for its Egyptian Revival columns. Construction on the building, designed to house multiple federal offices and store goods, began in 1848 and didn't finish until 1881 due to redesigns and the American Civil War. The U.S. Customs offices have been located there since the late 19th century.

In 2008, it became home to the Audubon Insectarium, the largest free-standing American museum dedicated to insects. The Insectarium remained there until 2023, when it relocated to the Audubon Aquarium.