hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boffalora sopra Ticino
Boffalora sopra Ticino (Milanese: Boffalòra [bufaˈlɔra]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Milan.

Boffalora sopra Ticino borders the following municipalities: Marcallo con Casone, Bernate Ticino, Magenta, Trecate, Cerano.

Trecate
Trecate is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Turin and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Novara.

It harbors a major refinery complex for fuels and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), serving northern and central Italy, and also the Villafortuna oil field. It is also home to the Croce di Maltocraft brewery.

It is served by Trecate railway station.

Among its churches are:

Santa Maria Assunta - main parish church

San Francesco - Contains frescoes by il Cerano

Sanctuary of the Madonna delle Grazie

Oratory del Gonfalone
No. 92 Group RAF
No. 92 Group RAF is a former Royal Air Force group.

The group was formed on 11 May 1942 at Winslow Hall, Winslow, Buckinghamshire within RAF Bomber Command as No. 92 (Operational Training) Group RAF, it was previously No. 7 Group RAF. It was disbanded on 15 July 1945.

Shenington Airfield
Shenington Airfield, previously known as RAF Edgehill, is an Aerodrome located west of Shenington, Oxfordshire. It is owned by Shenington Airfield Ltd, and leases use of the site to various organisations, predominately the Edgehill Gliding Centre.
Little Catworth Meadow
Little Catworth Meadow is a 5.2-hectare (13-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Catworth and Spaldwick in Cambridgeshire.

The meadow is traditionally managed grassland on calcareous loam, which is rare in Britain. It has mature hedgerows and it has a rich variety of plants such as salad burnet, dropwort, great burnet, green-winged orchid and adder's-tongue fern.

The site is private land with no public access.

Sanguisorba officinalis
Sanguisorba officinalis, commonly known as great burnet, is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America.

Sanguisorba officinalis is an important food plant for the European large blue butterflies Phengaris nausithous and P. teleius.
1878 Macedonian rebellion
The 1878 Macedonian rebellion (Greek: Μακεδονική επανάσταση του 1878) was a Greek rebellion launched in opposition to the Treaty of San Stefano, according to which the bulk of Macedonia would be annexed to Bulgaria, and in favour of the union of Macedonia with the Kingdom of Greece. This followed the brief Greco-Turkish war of 1878 in which Greece had declared war on 2 February against the Ottoman Empire, only for the Greek forces to return to their bases shortly after crossing the border due to the intervention of the Great Powers and the signature of the Treaty of San Stefano.

It is reported that revolutionary outbreaks in the same year, are located alongside Macedonia in Epirus, Thessaly and Crete, seeking union with the Greek state. In Macedonia there was greater willingness and enthusiasm than in Thessaly. The revolution had two main foci in Macedonia, one was on Olympus, and the other in Vourinos.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
Ger FitzGerald (musician)
Gerald "Ger" FitzGerald (born 19 November 1970) played bass for Setanta Records band Catchers. In 1999, he was hired as general manager of Stratosphere sound, a recording studio founded by James Iha (Smashing Pumpkins), Adam Schlesinger (Fountains of Wayne, Ivy) and Andy Chase (Ivy, Brookville). During this period, FitzGerald also ran Scratchie Records, Iha and Schlesinger's boutique record label, overseeing releases by artists such as The Frogs and Dan Bryk.

In late 2000, FitzGerald started working with the New York group Hem. During FitzGerald's tenure as Hem's manager, the band released two albums, Rabbit Songs and Eveningland.

Dan Bryk
Dan Waldemar Bryk (born September 23, 1970) is a Canadian-born singer-songwriter and recording artist. Originally from Toronto, Bryk is currently based in Durham, North Carolina. A songwriter and keyboard player, Bryk has released five full-length albums and a handful of singles, EPs and tracks on compilations.
65th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 65th Brigade was a formation of  the British Army. It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army and assigned to the 22nd Division and served on the Western Front and the Macedonian Front during the First World War.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
MV Roy P. Benavidez
USNS Benavidez (T-AKR-306) was a Bob Hope-class roll on roll off vehicle cargo ship of the United States Navy. She was built by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, New Orleans and delivered to the Navy on 10 September 2003. They assigned her to the United States Department of Defense's Military Sealift Command. Benavidez is named for Medal of Honor recipient Master Sergeant Roy P. Benavidez, and is one of 11 Surge LMSRs operated by a private company under contract to the Military Sealift Command. She was assigned to the MSC Atlantic surge force and is maintained in Ready Operational Status 4. On 21 September 2022, Benavidez left service and was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register.

In March, 2024, she was designated to assist in construction of the Gaza floating pier.

Northrop Grumman Ship Systems
Northrop Grumman Ship Systems (NGSS) was formerly a sector or division of Northrop Grumman Corporation which was responsible for building small and medium shipping products.  It was merged with another sector of Northrop Grumman, Northrop Grumman Newport News, which was responsible for building nuclear submarines and supercarriers, to form the sector Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding.

NGSS was headquartered in Pascagoula, Mississippi. It was formed by the union of Ingalls Shipbuilding and Avondale Shipyard companies, reorganized as NGSS Ingalls Operations and NGSS Avondale Operations. NGSS facilities are located in Pascagoula, Gulfport, Mississippi, Bridge City, Louisiana, and Tallulah, Louisiana.

On March 31, 2011, Northrop Grumman spun off its shipbuilding sector (including Ingalls Shipbuilding) into a new corporation, Huntington Ingalls Industries.
Samofalovka
Samofalovka (Russian: Самофаловка) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Samofalovskoye Rural Settlement, Gorodishchensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,877 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

Gorodishchensky District, Volgograd Oblast
Gorodishchensky District (Russian: Городи́щенский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Gorodishchensky Municipal District. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,450 square kilometers (950 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Gorodishche. Population: 60,188 (2010 Census); 57,308 (2002 Census); 45,982 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Gorodishche accounts for 35.5% of the district's total population.
Çlirim
Çlirim (Albanian for "liberation") is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Kolonjë. The population at the 2011 census was 355.

Korçë County
Korçë County (Albanian: Qarku Korçë), officially the County of Korçë (Albanian: Qarku i Korçës), is a county in the Southern Region of the Republic of Albania. It is the largest by area and the fifth most populous of the twelve counties, with more than 173,000 people within an area of 3,711 km2 (1,433 sq mi). The county borders on North Macedonia to the northeast and Greece to the southeast, the counties of Elbasan to the northwest, Berat to the west and Gjirokastër to the southwest. It is divided into six municipalities, Korçë, Devoll, Kolonjë, Maliq, Pogradec and Pustec, with all of whom incorporate thirty-seven administrative units.
Federal Duck Stamp
The Federal Duck Stamp, formally known as the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp, is an adhesive stamp issued by the United States Department of the Interior that must be purchased prior to any waterfowl hunting. It is also used to gain entrance to National Wildlife Refuges that normally charge for admission. It is widely seen as a collectable and a means to raise funds for wetland conservation.

Duck stamps are issued by the United States government and all state governments. Many other countries, including Canada, Australia, Mexico, Russia and the United Kingdom have also issued duck stamps.

Face value
The face value, sometimes called nominal value, is the value of a coin, bond, stamp or paper money as printed on the coin, stamp or bill itself by the issuing authority.

The face value of coins, stamps, or bill is usually its legal value. However, their market value need not bear any relationship to the face value. For example, some rare coins or stamps may be traded at prices considerably above their face value. Coins may also have a salvage value due to more or less valuable metals that they contain.
St Peter's Church, Rock Ferry
St Peter's Church is in St Peter's Road, Rock Ferry, Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Birkenhead, the archdeaconry of Chester, and the diocese of Chester.  The church is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building.

Rock Ferry
Rock Ferry is an area of Birkenhead on the Wirral Peninsula, England. Administratively it is a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Before local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, it was part of the county of Cheshire. At the 2011 Census, the population was 14,298.
Ofin River
The Ofin River is an easterly-flowing waterway in Ghana. It flows through the Tano Ofin Reserve in Ghana's Atwima Mponua District.

The Ofin riverbed is 90 metres above mean sea level. The Ofin has cut steep side channels, average depth 12–15 metres, into the rolling terrain over which it flows.

The Ofin and the Pra rivers form the boundary between Ghana's Ashanti region and Central region. Dunkwa-on-Offin is a major town on the river.

Gold is mined from the river's sediment.

Atwima Mponua District
Atwima Mponua District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana, and is the westernmost district in the Ashanti Region. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Atwima District in 1988; until part of the district was split off to create Atwima Mpouna District by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor on 12 November 2003 (effective 18 February 2004); while the remaining part has been renamed as Atwima Nwabiagya District (which it was elevated to municipal district assembly status on 15 March 2018 to become Atwima Nwabiagya Municipal District). The district assembly is located in the western part of Ashanti Region and has Nyinahin as its capital town.
Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.

Auxiliary Force (India)
The Auxiliary Force (India) (AFI) was a part-time, paid volunteer military organisation within the British Indian Army, with recruits from British India. Its units were entirely made up of European and Anglo-Indian personnel. The AFI was formed in 1920, along with the Indian Territorial Force (ITF), replacing the Indian Defence Force (IDF).
Sheffield (CDP), Vermont
Sheffield is the primary village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Sheffield, Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The village is in northern Caledonia County, along the southern edge of the town of Sheffield. It is bordered to the south by the town of Wheelock. The village sits in the valley of Miller Run, a southeast-flowing tributary of the Passumpsic River and part of the Connecticut River watershed.

Vermont Route 122 runs through the center of the village, leading northwest 12 miles (19 km) to Barton and southeast 7 miles (11 km) to Lyndonville. Interstate 91 runs along the northeast edge of the CDP, but with no direct access, the closest interchange being Exit 24 (VT 122) in Lyndon Center, 5 miles (8 km) to the southeast.

Passumpsic River
The Passumpsic River (/pəˈsʌmpsɪk/) is a 22.7-mile-long (36.5 km) tributary of the Connecticut River, in Vermont. Though primarily a Caledonia County river, it is the only river to flow through all three counties of the Northeast Kingdom.
Eka language
Eka (autonym: o21 kha24; exonym: Menghua) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. There are 3,000 speakers in Yijiacun, Heliu, Shuangjiang County, Lincang Prefecture. Eka speakers claim to have migrated from Weishan County about 300 years ago.

Shuangjiang Lahu, Va, Blang and Dai Autonomous County
Shuangjiang Lahu, Va, Blang and Dai Autonomous County (Chinese: 双江拉祜族佤族布朗族傣族自治县; pinyin: Shuāngjiāng Lāhùzú Wǎzú Bùlǎngzú Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn; Awa: si nblāeng) is a county in the southwest of Yunnan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lincang.
Skyland Conference
The Skyland Conference is a New Jersey high school sports association under the jurisdiction of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). The conference is made up of 22 public and parochial high schools covering Hunterdon County, Somerset County and Warren County in west central New Jersey.

Hackettstown High School left the conference during the 2009 NJSIAA realignments to join the Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference. North Warren Regional High School opted to leave the Skyland Conference at the end of the 2011–12 school year, also to join the NJAC.

There is no football competition within the Skyland Conference.  Instead, member schools which compete in football are part of the Big Central Football Conference.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Francis Fitzherbert-Stafford, 12th Baron Stafford
Francis Edward Fitzherbert-Stafford, 12th Baron Stafford, DSO (28 August 1859 – 18 September 1932) was an English peer and British Army officer, holding the title Baron Stafford. His lifetime marked the point where the Stafford barony first came into contact with Fitzherbert as a surname.

1st Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own)
The 1st Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own) was an auxiliary regiment raised in the county of Lancashire in North West England during the 17th Century. Primarily intended for home defence, it saw active service in Ireland under King William III, as well as against the Jacobite Risings of 1715 and 1745. It spent long periods on defence duties during the wars of the 18th Century and early 19th Century, and was stationed on the Ionian Islands during the Crimean War. It later became part of the King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) and saw active service in the Second Boer War. After its conversion to the Special Reserve under the Haldane Reforms, it supplied reinforcements to the fighting battalions during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.
Dwyka Group
The Dwyka Group is one of four geological groups that compose the Karoo Supergroup. It is the lowermost geological group and heralds the commencement of sedimentation of the Karoo Supergroup. Based on stratigraphic position, lithostratigraphic correlation and palynological analyses, these lowermost Karoo strata range between the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) to Early Permian in age.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Datang station (Changsha Metro)
Datang station (Chinese: 大塘站; pinyin: Dàtáng Zhàn) is a subway station in Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway operator Changsha Metro. It entered revenue service on 28 June 2020.

Yuhua, Changsha
Yuhua District (simplified Chinese: 雨花区; traditional Chinese: 雨花區; pinyin: Yǔhuā Qū; lit. 'rain flower') is one of six urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. The district is bordered by Yuetang District of Xiangtan to the south, Changsha County to the east, Furong District to the north, Tianxin District to the west. Located in the southern central Changsha, Yuhua covers 304.9 km2 (117.7 sq mi) with population of 764,700 (as of 2016). The district has 12 subdistricts and 1 town under its jurisdiction. Its administrative centre is at Guitang subdistrict.
Kerenzerberg Rail Tunnel
The Kerenzerberg Rail Tunnel is a rail tunnel in the Swiss canton of Glarus. The tunnel is 3,955 metres (12,976 ft) long, and carries the Ziegelbrücke to Sargans line under the Kerenzerberg Pass to the south of the Walensee.

Prior to 1960, the railway used a route along the shores of the Walensee and through shorter tunnels. The trackbed of this route is now used by the westbound carriageway of the A3 motorway, with the eastbound carriageway using the Kerenzerberg Road Tunnel that runs roughly parallel to the rail tunnel.

Walensee
The Walensee (German pronunciation: [ˈvaːln̩ˌzeː] ⓘ), also known as Lake Walen and Lake Walenstadt (after Walenstadt), is one of the larger lakes in Switzerland. Located in the east of the country, about two thirds of its area are in the canton of St. Gallen and about one third in the canton of Glarus.
Kawabe, Akita
Kawabe (Japanese: 河辺町, Hepburn: Kawabe-machi) was a town located in Kawabe District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 10,366 and a density of 34.43 persons per km2. The total area was 301.06 km2.

On January 11, 2005, Kawabe, along with the town of Yūwa, was merged into the expanded city of Akita and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Lasswell
Lasswell or Laswell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alva Lasswell (1905–1988), American Marine Corps officer who decoded the message that led to the death of Yamamoto

Bill Laswell (born 1955), American bassist, producer and record label owner

Butch Laswell (1958–1996), American stunt performer

Fred Lasswell (1916–2001), American cartoonist

Greg Laswell (born 1974), American musician, recording engineer, and producer

Harold Lasswell (1902–1978), American political scientist and communications theorist

Mary Lasswell (1905–1994), American author

Shirley Slesinger Lasswell (1923–2007), American brand marketing pioneer

Alva B. Lasswell
Alva Bryan "Red" Lasswell (January 3, 1905 – October 28, 1988) was a United States Marine Corps linguist and cryptanalyst during World War II. In 1942, he contributed to the identification of Midway Atoll as the Japanese military target codenamed AF. In April 1943, Lasswell helped decrypt the coded itinerary of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, leading to his interception by Army Air Forces fighter planes near Rabaul.