hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive warfare
Cognitive warfare consists of any military activities designed to affect attitudes and behaviors. It is an extension of information warfare using propaganda and disinformation.

NATO General Paolo Ruggiero distinguishes it from other information-related activities by its objectives: "Its goal is not what individuals think, but rather, the way they think." Exponents of cognitive warfare aim to influence human thought, reasoning, sense-making, decision-making, and behavior, through the manipulation of information and use of machine learning structures which distribute information on the internet.

Puma Shen
Shen Pao-yang (Chinese: 沈伯洋; pinyin: Shěn Bóyáng; born June 7, 1982), also known by his English name Puma Shen, is a Taiwanese criminologist, lawyer, and politician. As a member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), he was elected to the Legislative Yuan and became a member on 1 February 2024. His areas of focus include human rights, criminal policy, youth issues, and information warfare.
Sultanat
Sultanat is a 1986 Hindi-language epic action-adventure film written and directed by Mukul S. Anand. The film stars Dharmendra, Sunny Deol, Sridevi, Juhi Chawla and Karan Kapoor, supported by Tom Alter, Amrish Puri, Shakti Kapoor and Dalip Tahil.

It was the debut movie of both Juhi Chawla (Miss India 1984) and Karan Kapoor (son of Shashi Kapoor). It was the first film in which Dharmendra appeared onscreen with his son Sunny Deol. Earlier they had both appeared in the 1984 film Sunny but did not share any scenes together.

Epic film
Epic films have large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The term is slightly ambiguous, sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply big-budget films. Like epics in the classical literary sense, it is often focused on a heroic character. An epic's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other genres such as the period piece or adventure film.

Epic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythical event and add an extravagant setting, lavish costumes, an expansive musical score, and an ensemble cast, which would make them extremely expensive to produce. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty and important figures from various periods in world history.
Fox High School
Fox High School is a public high school located in Arnold, Missouri, that is part of the Fox School District. Approximately 2,000 students are currently enrolled. The school is named for Charles Fox, who once owned the land where the campus was built.

Charles Fox Parham
Charles Fox Parham (June 4, 1873 – January 29, 1929) was an American preacher and evangelist. Together with William J. Seymour, Parham was one of the two central figures in the development and initial spread of early Pentecostalism, known as Holiness Pentecostalism. It was Parham who associated glossolalia with the baptism in the Holy Spirit, a theological connection crucial to the emergence of Pentecostalism as a distinct movement. Parham was the first preacher to articulate Pentecostalism's distinctive doctrine of evidential tongues, and to expand the movement.
Lucy Islands
The Lucy Islands (Tsimshian: Lax Spinna, lit. 'on shoulders')
are a small archipelago off the North Coast of the province of British Columbia in Canada.  The low-lying and heavily forested (Sitka spruce) group, named after its largest island, Lucy Island, constitutes a provincially protected conservancy area that contains some of the North Coast's oldest archeological sites, a nationally significant seabird population, and a prominent 20th-century lighthouse.

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.
2010 ADAC Formel Masters
The 2010 ADAC Formel Masters season was the third season of the ADAC Formel Masters series from Germany. Richie Stanaway won twelve of the first 18 races en route to claiming championship victory with a meeting to spare. His team ma-con Motorsport also claimed the teams' championship at the Nürburgring round of the series. German drivers Patrick Schranner and Mario Farnbacher finished second and third in the points.

ADAC Formel Masters
ADAC Formel Masters was an ADAC sanctioned open wheel racing series based in Germany, held annually from 2008 to 2014. It was replacement of the local Formula BMW championship. The first season was in 2008 and is the main feeder series to the ATS Formula 3 Cup (German Formula Three Championship). Like Formula Ford, French F4 Championship and Formula Abarth, the Formel Masters is aimed at karting graduates. In 2015 it was replaced by the ADAC Formula 4.
Balsaminol A
Balsaminol A or cucurbita-5,24-diene-3β,7β,23(R),29-tetraol,  is a chemical compound with formula C30H50O4, found in the Balsam apple vine (Momordica balsamina).  It is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, related to cucurbitacin, isolated by C. Ramalhete and others in 2009.

Balsaminol A is an amorphous powder soluble in methanol and ethyl acetate but insoluble in n-hexane. It is cytotoxic at about 50 μM.

Momordica balsamina
Momordica balsamina, known by the common name balsam apple, is a species of tendril-bearing annual vine native to tropical regions of Africa, as well as introduced and invasive in parts of Asia, Australia, Central America, and North America. In 1810, Thomas Jefferson planted this vine in his flower borders at his Virginia home of Monticello, along with larkspur, poppies, and nutmeg.
Judson B. Coit Observatory
Judson B. Coit Observatory  is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Boston University on the roof of the College of Arts & Sciences at 725 Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The observatory is used in undergraduate and graduate courses of the Boston University Department of Astronomy, and for observing projects of the Boston University Astronomical Society.

Public Open Nights are held most Wednesday evenings throughout the year, weather permitting.

The Observatory is named for Judson Coit, the first Professor of Astronomy appointed by Boston University.  It was originally located on the roof of the College of Liberal Arts Building on Boylston Street, occupied by Boston University from the early years of the 20th century until the late-1940s, when it was moved with the College of Liberal Arts (now College of Arts and Sciences) to its current location on Commonwealth Avenue

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
2019 Morelos Open – Doubles
Roberto Maytín and Fernando Romboli were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

André Göransson and Marc-Andrea Hüsler won the title after defeating Gonzalo Escobar and Luis David Martínez 6–3, 3–6, [11–9] in the final.

Gonzalo Escobar
Gonzalo Escobar (Latin American Spanish: [ɡonˈsalo eskoˈβaɾ]; born 20 January 1989, in Manta) is an Ecuadorian tennis player. His career-high doubles ranking is World No. 38, achieved on 15 November 2021. He has won three ATP doubles titles with Uruguayan Ariel Behar and three with Kazakhstani Aleksandr Nedovyesov. Escobar also has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 281 achieved on 15 June 2015.

Playing for Ecuador in Davis Cup, Escobar has a W/L record of 8–9.
Komarna Vas
Komarna Vas (pronounced [kɔˈmaːɾna ˈʋaːs]; German: Muckendorf or Obertappelwerch) is a village on the eastern edge of Kočevski Rog in the Municipality of Semič in Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Semič
The Municipality of Semič (pronounced [ˈseːmitʃ]; Slovene: Občina Semič) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of White Carniola in southeastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its seat is the settlement of Semič.
Samart Payakaroon
Samart Popteeratham (Thai: สามารถ ภพธีรธรรม, IPA: [sǎːmâːt pʰóptʰīːrāːtʰām]; born Samart Thipthamai; December 5, 1962), known professionally as Samart Payakaroon (สามารถ พยัคฆ์อรุณ, pronounced [sǎːmâːt pʰájákʔārūn]), is a Thai former professional Muay Thai fighter, professional boxer, and entertainer. He is a former four-division Lumpinee Stadium champion and WBC World Super Bantamweight Champion, as well as the 1981 and 1988 Sports Writers Association of Thailand Fighter of the Year, who was famous in the 1980s and 1990s. He is widely considered one of the greatest Muay Thai fighters of all time.

He has also released several successful albums in Thailand and appeared in multiple films and TV shows. Nowadays he works as a Muay Thai trainer at his own gym in Bangkok. His students include elite fighters such as Chalamchon SamartPrayakaroonGym.

Channel 8 (Thailand)
Channel 8 (ช่อง 8) is a Thai digital television channel that broadcasts entertainment, foreign TV series, and sports. It is owned and operated by RS Multimedia Company Limited (through RS Vision Company Limited, a subsidiary of RS Group). The channel is based in Bangkok, Thailand, where it is available on both C and KU bands. Channel 8 broadcasts popular events such as HBO World Championship Boxing plus domestic and self-produced programs.
Come Out and Play (Twisted Sister album)
Come Out and Play is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Twisted Sister, released by Atlantic Records on November 22, 1985. The album was significantly less successful than its predecessor Stay Hungry (1984), both critically and commercially, although it achieved Gold status by selling more than 500,000 copies.

Clarence Clemons
Clarence Anicholas Clemons Jr. (January 11, 1942 – June 18, 2011), also known as The Big Man, was an American saxophonist. From 1972 until his death in 2011, he was the saxophonist for Bruce Springsteen and The E Street Band.

Clemons released several solo albums. In 1985, he had a hit single with "You're a Friend of Mine", a duet with Jackson Browne. As a guest musician, he featured on Aretha Franklin's song "Freeway of Love". As an actor, Clemons appeared in several films, including New York, New York and Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure. He also made cameo appearances in several TV series, including Diff'rent Strokes, Nash Bridges, The Simpsons, My Wife and Kids and The Wire. Clemons published Big Man: Real Life & Tall Tales (2009) with his friend Don Reo. The book is a semi-fictional autobiography told in the third person.

Clemons died in 2011 at the age of 69. In 2014, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.
Journal of Early Christian Studies
The Journal of Early Christian Studies is an academic journal founded in 1993 and is the official publication of the North American Patristics Society. It is devoted to the study of patristics, that is Christianity in the ancient period of roughly 100–700 C.E. The current editor is Ellen Muehlberger of The University of Michigan. The journal is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December by the Johns Hopkins University Press.

All articles submitted for review must be original work that makes a substantial scholarly contribution to the study of early Christianity 100-700 C.E. on the basis of wide engagement with the primary sources in the original languages and relevant scholarship on the topic in multiple languages.

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, MLA International Bibliography, and the Social Sciences Citation Index (partial coverage).

Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and is the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. The press publishes books and journals, and operates other divisions including fulfillment and electronic databases. Its headquarters are in Charles Village section of Baltimore, Maryland.

In 2017, after the retirement of Kathleen Keane, who is credited with modernizing JHU Press for the digital age, the university appointed new director Barbara Pope.
Trieste Centrale railway station
Trieste Centrale railway station (IATA: TXB) (Italian: Stazione ferroviaria di Trieste Centrale; formerly German: Triest Südbahnhof) is  the main station serving the city and municipality (comune) of Trieste, in the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy.

Opened in 1857, the station is a terminus for direct lines to Venice, Udine and Vienna, and for the belt line leading to Trieste's marshalling yard, near the now closed Trieste Campo Marzio railway station.

Trieste Centrale is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services towards Italy from the station are operated by Trenitalia, a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company and Italian private company Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori. A daily international connection is operated by ÖBB towards Wien via Ljubljana.

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ferroˈviːe dello ˈstaːto itaˈljaːne]; lit. 'Italian State Railways JSC'; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
Friedberger Ach
The Friedberger Ach is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Danube. Its source is in the village Untermühlhausen, northeast of Landsberg am Lech. For most of its length it flows parallel to the river Lech at only a few km distance. Towns along the Friedberger Ach include Weil, Prittriching, Mering, Friedberg, Rehling, Thierhaupten and Rain. After Rain, the Friedberger Ach flows east, parallel to the Danube, and joins the Danube near Oberhausen.

Landsberg am Lech
Landsberg am Lech (German pronunciation: [ˈlantsbɛʁk ʔam ˈlɛç] ⓘ, lit. 'Landsberg on the Lech') is a town in southwest Bavaria, Germany, about 65 kilometers west of Munich and 35 kilometers south of Augsburg. It is the capital of the district of Landsberg am Lech.
Lindsay Riches
Lindsay Gordon Riches, CMG (18 February 1904 – 7 June 1972) was a South Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the South Australian House of Assembly  from 1933 to 1970, representing the electorates of Newcastle (1933-1938) and Stuart (1938-1970). He was Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1965 to 1968 under Frank Walsh and Don Dunstan. He was also a long-time mayor of the City of Port Augusta from 1936 to 1970, with Port Augusta gaining city status during his tenure.

He was born at Mundalla, near Tatiara, and was educated at Bordertown Public School. He worked as a compositor for the Border Chronicle newspaper at Bordertown for seven years after leaving school, working for former state Labor MP Donald Campbell. He moved to Port Augusta to work for the Transcontinental in 1924, and took over the operation of that newspaper in 1927, serving as editor.

Electoral district of Stuart
Stuart is a large mostly rural electoral district in the northern and north-eastern part of the state of South Australia. Its main centres of population are  Port Pirie and Port Augusta. It is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. As of 2025 it is represented by independent MP Geoff Brock.
Marr's Creek Bridge
The Marr's Creek Bridge is a historic bridge spanning Marr's Creek in Pocahontas, Arkansas. The concrete open spandrel deck arch bridge formerly carried U.S. Route 67 (US 67), which now passes over the creek on an adjacent modern steel and concrete structure. When built in 1934 by the Public Works Administration, the bridge had a total length of 135 feet (41 m), with six spans, including the main arch across the creek. The bridge was widened slightly at its eastern end in 1950 to accommodate a slight curve.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Pocahontas, Arkansas
Pocahontas is a city in and the county seat of Randolph County, Arkansas, United States, along the Black River. As of the 2020 census, Pocahontas had a population of 7,371.

Pocahontas has a number of historic buildings, including the Old Randolph County Courthouse built in 1871, the St. Mary's AME Church, and the Pocahontas Colored School built in 1918, the latter of which is now home to the Eddie Mae Herron Center.
The Shadow of Catire
The Shadow of Catire is a Venezuelan-Mexican drama film directed by Jorge Hernandez Aldana  and m features Francisco Denis, Giovanni Garcia, Tatiana Maibo, Jerico Montilla, Vicente peña' and Jorge Dakar. Its produced by Paloma Negra Films in association with Program ibermedia and Efecine Productions. The history is about an old bandit who have to fight for his lands in a corruption environment.

The international premiere of the film was Warsaw international film festival when won all the prize in competition. The premier in Mexico was in the Morelia international film festival.

Warsaw Film Festival
Warsaw Film Festival (Polish: Warszawski Festiwal Filmowy; WFF), also known as Warsaw International Film Festival, is an annual international film festival held every October in Warsaw, Poland.

The 40th edition of the festival took place from 11 to 20 October 2024. The 41st edition of the festival took place from 10 to 19 October 2025, and showcases 112 features and 56 shorts.
Georg Jochmann
Georg Jochmann (11 October 1874, in Liegnitz – 6 January 1915, in Berlin) was a German internist and bacteriologist, who specialized in infectious diseases.

In 1898 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Freiburg, and following graduation, worked as an assistant to Bernhard Fischer at the Institute of Hygiene in Kiel. Afterwards, he worked in the department of internal medicine at Hamburg-Eppendorf Hospital under Theodor Rumpel, and at the university medical clinic in Breslau under Alfred Kast and Adolph Strümpell. In 1904 he obtained his habilitation for internal medicine at the University of Breslau.

In 1906 he was named head of the department of infections at Rudolf-Virchow-Krankenhaus in Berlin, and four years later received the title of professor. He died in 1915 at the age of 40 from spotted typhus, contracted while treating Russian prisoners of war. His body rests at Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery near Berlin.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Dead centre (engineering)
In a reciprocating engine, the dead centre is the position of a piston in which it is either furthest from, or nearest to, the crankshaft. The former is known as  top dead centre (TDC) while the latter is known as bottom dead centre (BDC).

More generally, the dead centre is any position of a crank where the applied force is straight along its axis, meaning no turning force can be applied. Many sorts of machines are crank driven, including unicycles, bicycles, tricycles, various types of machine presses, gasoline engines, diesel engines, steam locomotives, and other steam engines. Crank-driven machines rely on the energy stored in a flywheel to overcome the dead centre, or are designed, in the case of multi-cylinder engines, so that dead centres can never exist on all cranks at the same time. A steam locomotive is an example of the latter, the connecting rods being arranged such that the dead centre for each cylinder occurs out of phase with the other one (or more) cylinders.

Unicycle
A unicycle, also monocycle is a vehicle that touches the ground with only one wheel. The most common variation has a frame with a saddle, and has a pedal-driven direct-drive. A two speed hub is commercially available for faster unicycling. Unicycling is practiced professionally in circuses, by street performers, in festivals, and as a hobby. Unicycles have also been used to create new sports such as unicycle basketball and unicycle hockey. In recent years, unicycles have also been used in mountain unicycling, an activity similar to mountain biking or trials.
Leo A. Marzolo
Leo Aurelio Marzolo (February 22, 1887 – March 1964) was a restorer of paintings at the Art Institute of Chicago and was also a painter. He was born in Martinez, California, United States.

He studied at the Chicago Gallery Association and the Palette and Chisel Academy. His work is in the Illinois State Museum at Springfield, Illinois.

Marzolo may have restored the "Madonna of Bogotá" painted by Raphael Sanzio of Urbino circa 1517. The Madonna keeps some resemblance to the Madonna of the Rose attributed to Raphael or Giulio Romano and is today at kept at the Prado Museum. Discovered by Santiago Martinez Delgado in his native city of Bogotá, the Madonna was taken to New York City and later to Chicago. However, there are doubts as to whom restored the said Madonna of if a copy was made. The two possible candidates for either one of them were Leo A. Marzolo and Sheldom Keck.

He retired in 1956.

Martinez, California
Martinez (Spanish: Martínez) is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, United States, in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait, the city's population was 37,287 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Californio ranchero Ygnacio Martínez, having been founded on his Rancho El Pinole. Martinez is known for its historic center and its waterfront.