hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Huang Lü
Huang Lü (fl. 1769–1829) was a Chinese scientist and the first woman in the country to work with optics and photographic images. Her father, an education officer, Huang Chao, encouraged her to acquire an education, leading her to study astronomy and arithmetic.
During these years, she became acquainted with Zheng Fuguang, who studied Western optics, which had been introduced in China then. She is known for constructing a type of telescope, a camera prototype, and a thermometer.

Chen Wenshu (1775–1845) described her as "an extremely talented woman in every aspect of art and technology" in his poem "Tianjing ge Yong Huang Yingqin".

Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.
1989 Sino-Soviet Summit
The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from 15 to 18 May 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between a Soviet Communist leader and a Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, proclaimed that the summit was the beginning of normalized state-to-state relations. The meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and then General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Zhao Ziyang, was hailed as the "natural restoration" of party-to-party relations.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
Isa Darvin
Isabela Darvin is an American rower. Darvin was a Pan American Games champion when she won gold in the Women's Coxless Pair at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago. Darvin was also a member of the mixed eight that also won gold at the 2023 Pan American Games.

Darvin rowed for the University of Wisconsin.

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.
Supermathematics
Supermathematics is the branch of mathematical physics which applies the mathematics of Lie superalgebras to the behaviour of bosons and fermions. The driving force in its formation in the 1960s and 1970s was Felix Berezin.

Objects of study include superalgebras (such as super Minkowski space and super-Poincaré algebra), superschemes, supermetrics/supersymmetry, supermanifolds, supergeometry, and supergravity, namely in the context of superstring theory.

Superalgebra
In mathematics and theoretical physics, a superalgebra is a Z2-graded algebra. That is, it is an algebra over a commutative ring or field with a decomposition into "even" and "odd" pieces and a multiplication operator that respects the grading.

The prefix super- comes from the theory of supersymmetry in theoretical physics. Superalgebras and their representations, supermodules, provide an algebraic framework for formulating supersymmetry. The study of such objects is sometimes called super linear algebra. Superalgebras also play an important role in related field of supergeometry where they enter into the definitions of graded manifolds, supermanifolds and superschemes.
2015 Boston City Council election
Boston City Council elections were held on November 3, 2015. Eight seats (four district representatives and four at-large members) were contested in the general election, as the incumbents in districts 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9 were unopposed. Two seats (districts 4 and 7) had also been contested in the preliminary election held on September 8, 2015.

General election
A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections typically occur at regular intervals as mandated by a country's constitution or electoral laws, and may include elections for a legislature and sometimes other positions such as a directly elected president. In many jurisdictions, general elections can coincide with other electoral events such as local, regional, or supranational elections. For example, on 25 May 2014, Belgian voters simultaneously elected their national parliament, 21 members of the European Parliament, and regional parliaments.

In the United States, "general election" has a slightly different, but related meaning: the ordinary electoral competition following the selection of candidates in the primary election.
Woolbridge Manor House
50°41′03″N 2°13′19″W﻿ / ﻿50.6842°N 2.222°W﻿ / 50.6842; -2.222

Woolbridge Manor is a 17th-century manor house just outside the village of Wool, in Dorset, England. English Heritage have designated it a Grade II* listed building. It is on the north side of the old Wool bridge, a historic crossing point over the River Frome, now closed to traffic except pedestrians and cyclists due to a bypass and junction.

River Frome, Dorset
The River Frome /ˈfruːm/ is a river in Dorset in the south of England. At 30 miles (48 km) long it is the major chalkstream in southwest England. It is navigable upstream from Poole Harbour as far as the town of Wareham.
(Iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a (iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.146) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoeugenol  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + isomethyleugenol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and isoeugenol, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and isomethyleugenol.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoeugenol O-methyltransferase.

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is the biosynthetic precursor to homocysteine.  SAH is formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Adenosylhomocysteinase converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.
2006 Dutch National Track Championships
The 2006 Dutch National Track Championships were the Dutch national Championship for track cycling. The competitions took place at Sportpaleis Alkmaar in Alkmaar, the Netherlands from December 28 to December 30. Competitions were held of various track cycling disciplines in different age, gender and disability categories.

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
2019 Canterbury City Council election
The 2019 Canterbury City Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of the Canterbury City Council in Kent, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The Conservative Party retained overall control of the council.

City of Canterbury
Canterbury (/ˈkæntərbəri/), also known as the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Canterbury, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Thanet, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Ashford and Swale, all of which are also in Kent. To the north the district has a coast onto the North Sea.
Karadut, Musabeyli
Karadut is a village in the Musabeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 224 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 15 houses inhabited by Turks.

Kilis Province
Kilis Province (Turkish: Kilis ili) is a province in southern Turkey, on the border with Syria. Its area is 1,412 km2, and its population is 147,919 (2022). The province was created in 1995 from the southern part of Gaziantep Province. The city of Kilis is home to over 75% of the inhabitants of the province; the other towns and villages are very small.
Violin Concerto (Rubinstein)
The Violin Concerto in G major, Op. 46, is the sole violin concerto by Anton Rubinstein.

Written in the Romantic style in 1857, when the composer was 28 years old, it was published by C.F. Peters in 1859 with a dedication to violinist Henryk Wieniawski.

The work makes virtuoso demands of its soloist; and its character is more German in the tradition of Mendelssohn than Russian, likely all factors in its failure to claim a place in the standard repertory.

August Wilhelmj arranged the concerto in an edition for violin with orchestra or piano. According to Goby Eberhardt, who studied with Wilhelmj, Rubinstein was displeased with Wilhelmj's arrangement.

Henryk Wieniawski
Henryk Wieniawski (pronounced [vʲɛˈɲafskʲi] ⓘ; 10 July 1835 – 31 March 1880) was a Polish virtuoso violinist, composer, and pedagogue, who is regarded amongst the most distinguished violinists in history. His younger brother Józef Wieniawski and nephew Adam Tadeusz Wieniawski were also accomplished musicians, as was his daughter Régine, who became a naturalised British subject upon marrying into the peerage and wrote music under the name Poldowski.
Aeschynanthus
Aeschynanthus is a genus of about 150 species of evergreen subtropical and tropical plants in the family Gesneriaceae. They are usually trailing epiphytes with brightly colored flowers that are pollinated by sunbirds. The genus name comes from a contraction of aischuno (to be ashamed) and anthos (flower). The common name for some species is lipstick plant, which comes from the appearance of the developing buds emerging from the calyces.

The genus contains a large variety of plants with differing features. Some have thick, waxy cuticles while others have much softer leaves. Species such as A. speciosus are large where A. micranthus is much smaller and trailing. Several species are valued in temperate climates as houseplants, notably A. longicaulis, A. pulcher and A. radicans.

Contraction (grammar)
A contraction is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.

In linguistic analysis, contractions should not be confused with crasis, abbreviations and initialisms (including acronyms), with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the term "abbreviation" in layman’s terms. Contraction is also distinguished from morphological clipping, where beginnings and endings are omitted.

The definition overlaps with the term portmanteau (a linguistic blend), but a distinction can be made between a portmanteau and a contraction by noting that contractions are formed from words that would otherwise appear together in sequence, such as do and not, whereas a portmanteau word is formed by combining two or more existing words that all relate to a singular concept that the portmanteau describes.
Igor Samoilenco
Igor Samoilenco (born April 17, 1977 in Tiraspol, Moldavian SSR) is a retired male boxer from Moldova. He twice represented his native Eastern European country at the Summer Olympics: 1996 and 2004. Samoilenco claimed a bronze medal at the 2002 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Perm, Russia. He qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece by ending up in first place at the 3rd AIBA European 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Gothenburg, Sweden.

2002 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 2002 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Perm, Russia from July 12 to July 21. The 34th edition of thi bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA.
Adana vilayet
The Vilayet of Adana (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت اطنه, Vilâyet-i Adana) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in the south-east of Asia Minor, which encompassed the region of Cilicia. It was established in May 1869. Adana Vilayet bordered with Konya Vilayet (in west), Ankara Vilayet and Sivas Vilayet (in north), and Haleb Vilayet (in east and south). Adana Vilayet corresponds to the modern region of Çukurova in Turkey.

Kozan, Adana
Kozan, formerly Sis (Armenian: Սիս), is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,903 km2, and its population is 132,703 (2022). It is 68 kilometres (42 miles) northeast of Adana, in the northern section of the Çukurova plain. The Kilgen River, a tributary of the Ceyhan, flows through Kozan and crosses the plain south into the Mediterranean. The Taurus Mountains rise up sharply behind the town.

Sis was the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, today's Sis (ancient city), now called Kozan Kalesi, was built on a long rocky ridge in the center of the modern city.

The population of the city has grown rapidly in recent years, from 15,159 in 1960, to 54,451 in 1990, to 72,463 in 2007 and to 74,521 in 2009 (census figures).
Rob Walker (New York politician)
Richard Robinson "Rob" Walker (born 1974/1975) was the Chief Deputy County Executive of Nassau County, New York from January 2010 until January 2018 shortly before his arrest in February.  He was previously a Republican member of the New York State Assembly representing the 15th Assembly District, which includes parts of central Nassau County including Hicksville, Westbury and Syosset.

Ed Mangano
Edward P. Mangano (born March 24, 1962) is an  American former politician and disbarred attorney from the state of New York. A Republican, he was the Nassau County Executive from January 2010 to December 2017, and a former legislator in Nassau County, New York. He was elected in 1995 and served seven terms as a county legislator. In November 2009, he defeated incumbent Thomas R. Suozzi for Nassau County Executive. In November 2013, he was re-elected, again defeating Suozzi, by 59% to 41%.

In October 2016, a 13-count federal indictment for fraud and bribery was unsealed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York against Mangano, his wife Linda, and Oyster Bay Town Supervisor John Venditto. He did not seek reelection in 2017. He and his wife were both convicted in March 2019 and faced up to 20 years in prison. In April 2022, Mangano was sentenced to 12 years in prison for felonies and has since reported to prison on September 13, 2022 pending appeal.
Hachikokuyama
Hachikokuyama (八国山緑地, Hachikokuyama Ryōkuchi) is a ridge and park in Higashimurayama, Tokyo along its border with Tokorozawa, Saitama. Its name translates literally into English as "Eight Country Mountain" since, in the past, one could view the eight surrounding provinces surrounding Musashi Province from its top including Suruga, Kai, Izu, Sagami, Hitachi, Kozuke, Shimotsuke, and Shinano. The park was opened in 1990. In Japanese it is designated as a ryokuchi (緑地, green zone) instead of a park.

The park lies upon a low rising ridge rising about 15 to 20 meters above the surrounding plain. The highest elevation is about 100 meters above sea level. Measured from north to south, the park is from 100 to 300 meters, the park having an uneven size. From east to west the park is about 1.5 kilometers.  The trail that runs the length of the ridge top is about 2.0 kilometers and branches into many secondary trails. The total size of the park of is about 39 hectares or about 96 acres.

Kōzuke Province
Kōzuke Province (上野国, Kōzuke no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.(d)zɯ.ke (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Gunma Prefecture. Kōzuke bordered Echigo, Shinano, Musashi and Shimotsuke Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Jōshū (上州, [dʑoꜜː.ɕɯː]). Under the Engishiki classification system, Kōzuke was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the imperial capital, Kyoto.  The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Maebashi; however, its exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of the province is located in what is now the city of Tomioka.
Protestantism in Bolivia
Bolivia has an active Protestant minority of various groups, especially Evangelical Methodists. Other denominations represented in Bolivia included Mennonites. Since the 1970s, various Pentecostal, Baptist and  Seventh-day  Adventist denominations gained increasing adherents.

In 2015 there were 1,4 million Protestants in Bolivia, representing 13.7% of the population. The largest denominations within Protestantism were Pentecostals (7.9%), other evangelical communities (approx. 3%), and Seventh-day Adventists (2.2%).

In 2018 there were 17.2% Protestants in Bolivia, according to Latinobarometro.
According to estimates, around the year 2025 Protestant groups in Bolivia account for somewhere between 16-19% of the population, with most of the demographic concentration being within the poorer Native population, whereas Mennonites are overwhelmingly German speaking ethnic Mennonites, see also Mennonites in Bolivia.

Mennonites in Bolivia
The Mennonites in Bolivia are among the most traditional and conservative of all Mennonite denominations in America. They are mostly Russian Mennonites of Frisian, Flemish, and Prussian descent. As of 2023, there were about 150,000 Mennonite living in Bolivia.
1988 French motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1988 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the eleventh round of the 1988 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 22–24 July 1988 at the 5.81 km (3.61 mi) Paul Ricard Circuit.

Circuit Paul Ricard
The Circuit Paul Ricard (French pronunciation: [siʁkɥi pɔl ʁikaʁ]) is a French motorsport race track built in 1969 at Le Castellet, Var, near Marseille, with finance from pastis magnate Paul Ricard. Ricard wanted to experience the challenge of building a racetrack. The circuit has hosted the FIA Formula One French Grand Prix intermittently from 1971 to 2022.
Marrit Fledderus
Marrit Fledderus (born 15 May 2001) is a Dutch long-track speed skater.

As a junior, Fledderus became national champion in the 500 metres in 2020. She represented her nation at the 2021 World Junior Speed Skating Championships. She became junior world champion in the team sprint and won the bronze medal in the 1000 metres event. Fledderus won also several 2019–20 ISU Junior World Cup Speed Skating races in the 500 metres, 1000 metres and team sprint.

As a senior Fledderus won the bronze medal at the 2021 Dutch Single Distance Championships in the 500 metres event.

KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The Dutch Single Distance Championships of speed skating, organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB), is the official Dutch championship to determine the Dutch champion over a single distance, in contrast to the KNSB Dutch Allround Championships, which determine the Dutch allround champion. The single distance championships date back to 1987, and is often used as qualification races for World Cup and Olympic races. The skaters compete for medals in the five Olympic distances: 500, 1000, 1500, 3000 (women only), 5000 and 10,000 (men only) metres. In 2013 the mass start was introduced as a new discipline.
B-P's footprint
B-P's footprint is a casting, usually in bronze or brass, of the right foot of Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of the Scout Movement (and whose sister founded the Guides movement), who is known as "B.-P."  The idea is that people may put their foot into this casting, so that they can say that they have "walked in the footsteps of B-P."

Wood Badge
Wood Badge is a Scout leader training program, first implemented by The Boy Scouts Association in the United Kingdom in 1919 and subsequently adopted, with variations, by some other Scout organizations. Wood Badge courses teach Scout leadership skills and instil an ideological bond and commitment to the organizations. Courses generally have theory and practical phases followed by a practice project. Scouters who complete the course are awarded a pair of wood beads on each end of a leather thong, from a necklace of beads Robert Baden-Powell claimed to have taken from the African chief Dinizulu.
Thiofrid of Echternach
Thiofrid (died 1110) was the Benedictine abbot of Echternach Abbey, and writer of works in several different areas. He is one of the few medieval writers to discuss the cult of relics, in his Flores epytaphii sanctorum.

He wrote on Willibrord; in connection with the link between Walcheren, where a church was dedicated to Willibrord, and Echternach. Thiofrid travelled to Frisia to mediate between the inhabitants and a son of Baldwin VI of Flanders.

Abbey of Echternach
49°48′50″N 06°25′21″E﻿ / ﻿49.81389°N 6.42250°E﻿ / 49.81389; 6.42250

The Abbey of Echternach is a Benedictine monastery in the town of Echternach, in eastern Luxembourg.  The abbey was founded in the 7th century by St Willibrord, the patron saint of Luxembourg.  For three hundred years, it benefited from the patronage of a succession of rulers, and was the most powerful institution in Luxembourg.

The abbey is currently a popular tourist attraction mostly on account of an annual dancing procession that is held every Whit Tuesday. Tens of thousands of tourists, day-trippers, pilgrims, and clergy visit Echternach to witness or participate in the traditional ceremony.