hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bronllys Castle
Bronllys Castle (Welsh: Castell Bronllys) is a motte and bailey fortress standing south of Bronllys, towards Talgarth in Powys, Wales. The original castle, constructed of wood, was founded in or soon after 1100 by Richard Fitz Pons, the owner of the nearby Herefordshire barony of Clifford, who was a supporter of Bernard of Neufmarché.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Joan van der Spriet
Joan van der Spriet (c. 1660 – c. 1690) was a Dutch painter who specialised in portrait painting. According to Arnold Houbraken, Spriet grew up in a Delft orphanage and became a pupil of Jan Verkolje. He was a portrait painter who moved to England and, after marrying there, settled there. According to the Netherlands Institute for Art History, Spriet was also a printmaker, but no known works survive.

Delft
Delft (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛl(ə)ft] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, and The Hague, to the northwest. Together with them, it is a part of both the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad.

Delft is a popular tourist destination in the Netherlands, famous for its historical connections with the reigning House of Orange-Nassau, for its blue pottery, for being home to the painter Jan Vermeer, and for hosting Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age. In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck, Delft can be considered to be the birthplace of microbiology.
Pleuranthodium neragaimae
Pleuranthodium neragaimae is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Alexander Gilli, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Pleuranthodium neragaimae is part of the genus Pleuranthodium and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is in Papua New Guinea. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Rosemary Margaret Smith
Rosemary Margaret Smith (1933–2004) was a Scottish botanist and illustrator who specialized in the taxonomy of the Zingiberaceae, or ginger family. Many of the species she classified and identified as being placed into improper genera were found in Asian countries, especially in the isolated island of Borneo.

Elettariopsis smithiae, a species of ginger native to Malaysia and Thailand, is named in honour of her. In 2001, a genus titled Smithatris was named after her, the two species in the genus being Smithatris supraneanae and Smithatris myanmarensis.
Ada Zhang
Ada Zhang is an American author. Her debut short story collection, The Sorrows of Others, was published May 9, 2023, which was an honoree of the 5 Under 35 award by the National Book Foundation.

Zhang is a graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop and her work has been published in McSweeney's and A Public Space, and The Alaska Quarterly Review.

McSweeney's
McSweeney's Publishing is an American nonprofit publishing house founded by Dave Eggers in 1998 and headquartered in San Francisco. The executive director is Amanda Uhle.

McSweeney's first publication was the literary journal Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern in 1998. Since then, the company has published novels, books of poetry, and other periodicals.
Da Grassroots
Da Grassroots is a Canadian hip-hop production team from Toronto, Ontario, composed of Mr. Attic, Mr. Murray, and Swiff. The Juno Award-winning group contributed to the development of Toronto hip-hop throughout the 1990s, highlighted by the release of their debut album Passage Through Time in 1999.

In 1994, they were featured in Andrew Munger's documentary film Make Some Noise.

After the underground success of their album, each member began working on various solo projects. Mr. Attic co-founded Choice Cut Records, Mr. Murray produced for LAL, and Swiff produced for artists on the group's Black Employed Records label.

On July 31, 2018, Swiff died of cancer at the age of 47.

Underground hip-hop
Underground hip-hop (also known as underground rap) is a scene and style of hip-hop music that is defined as being countercultural in nature, existing outside of and in contrast to the sounds, style and aesthetics of mainstream hip-hop. Despite this, underground artists have often reached widespread success and popularity through internet virality, critical acclaim, or appearances on the Billboard charts.

Originally associated with conscious, experimental and progressive rap, the term later shifted to refer to several trap-descendant internet rap scenes and music that emerged during the late 2000s and 2010s.
Zavetinsky District
Zavetinsky District (Russian: Заве́тинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 3,000 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zavetnoye. Population: 17,250 (2010 Census);  18,508 (2002 Census); 18,638 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zavetnoye accounts for 41.0% of the district's total population.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Stara Pazova
Stara Pazova (Serbian Cyrillic: Стара Пазова, pronounced [stâːraː pâzɔv̞a]; Slovak: Stará Pazova; Hungarian: Ópazova) is a small town located in the Srem District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 18,522, while Stara Pazova municipality has 62,318 inhabitants (2022 census). The entrance into town from Inđija lies on 45th parallel north, it is half-way between the North Pole and the equator.

45th parallel north
The 45th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 45 degrees north of Earth's equator. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
The 45th parallel north is often called the halfway point between the equator and the North Pole, but the true halfway point is 16.0 km (9.9 mi) north of it (approximately between 45°08'39" and 45°08'40") because Earth is an oblate spheroid; that is, it bulges at the equator and is flattened at the poles.

At this latitude, the sun is visible for 15 hours 37 minutes during the summer solstice, and 8 hours 46 minutes during the winter solstice.  The midday Sun stands 21.6° above the southern horizon at the December solstice, 68.4° at the June solstice, and exactly 45.0° at either equinox.
1985 Kit Kat Break for World Champions
The 1985 Kit Kat Break for World Champions was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place from 17 to 20 December 1985. Dennis Taylor won the event by defeating Steve Davis 9–5 in the final.

The tournament was played at the East Midlands Conference Centre in Nottingham, with all eight of the actively playing winners of the World Snooker Championship as the participants.

Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor met in a final for the third time this season. Davis' 10–9 victory in the 1985 Grand Prix had been followed by Taylor's 9–5 win in the 1985 Canadian Masters. Davis achieved a 4–3 lead by the end of the first session of the Kit Kat Break for World Champions final, but Taylor won six of the next seven frames to take the match 9–5.

The event had a prize fund of £30,000, with £10,000 awarded to the winner. Taylor compiled the highest break of the event, 126.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Count Your Blessings (play)
Count Your Blessings is a 1951 comedy play by the British writer Ronald Jeans. A married couple draw up a plan to solve their financial problems, but this soon runs into trouble.

It premiered at the Garrick Theatre, Southport before transferring to the West End where it ran for 92 performances between 7 March and 26 June 1951, initially at Wyndham's Theatre and then moving to the Westminster Theatre. The original London cast included Naunton Wayne, Patricia Dainton, Harold Lang, Eileen Way, Ambrosine Phillpotts, Joyce Redman and Viola Lyel.

Wyndham's Theatre
Wyndham's Theatre is a West End theatre, one of two opened by actor/manager Sir Charles Wyndham (the other is the Criterion Theatre). Located on Charing Cross Road in the City of Westminster, it was designed c. 1898 by W. G. R. Sprague, the architect of six other London theatres between then and 1916. It was designed to seat 759 patrons on three levels; later refurbishment increased this to four seating levels. The theatre was Grade II* listed by English Heritage in September 1960.
Unkoku Togan
Unkoku Togan (雲谷 等顔, 1547–1618) was a Japanese painter.

He was born into a privileged family in Nagasaki, the second son of Hara Naoie, lord of Nokomi Castle in Hizen province.

Starting as an artist of the Kanō school, Togan's work soon took its inspiration from the style of Sesshu. He painted realistic landscapes, usually ink on paper.

He worked under Lord Mori of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Later, he became a Buddhist priest and abbot of Unkoku-an Temple.  He died in Yamaguchi.

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
Salmon River (Alaska)
There are several rivers named Salmon River in Alaska.

Salmon River (Portland Canal) arises from Salmon Glacier in British Columbia and flows through Hyder, Alaska.

Salmon River (Kobuk River) arises in the Baird Mountains of the Brooks Range and flows 60 miles south to join the Kobuk River.

The Sheenjek River was formerly named the Salmon River.

Other Salmon Rivers in Alaska include one on Chichagof Island (name may not be in current use), one arising in Glacier Bay National Monument and running through Gustavus, Alaska, one emptying into Kuskokwim Bay, and one a tributary of the Aniak River.  The name is also listed as a synonym for several other rivers and is applied to a distributary watercourse of the South Fork, Kuskokwim River.

Gustavus, Alaska
Gustavus (Lingít: Wanachích T’aak Héen) (gus-TAY-vəs) is a second-class city in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. According to the 2020 census, its population of 655, reflects a 48% increase from 442 in the 2010 census, making it one of the fastest growing communities in Alaska.
Yes (Fat Joe, Cardi B and Anuel AA song)
"Yes" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rappers Fat Joe and Cardi B and Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA. The song was released on September 6, 2019, as the second single from Fat Joe and Dre's collaborative album, Family Ties (2019).

Family Ties (Fat Joe and Dre album)
Family Ties is a collaborative studio album by American rapper Fat Joe and record producer Dre of the record production duo Cool & Dre. It was released on December 6, 2019, via RNG (Rap's New Generation) and EMPIRE.

The album features guest appearances from Jeremih, Anuel AA, Big Bank DTE, Bryson Tiller, Cardi B, Eminem, Lil Wayne, Mary J. Blige, Remy Ma and Ty Dolla $ign. The album debuted at number 81 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart.
Castel Goffredo
Castel Goffredo (Italian: [kaˈstɛl ɡofˈfreːdo]; Upper Mantovano: (El) Castel) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Mantua, in Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Mantua and a few more from Brescia. It lies in a region of springs at the foot of the slopes that drain into Lake Garda, towards the plain of the Po.  
Castel Goffredo borders the following municipalities: Castiglione delle Stiviere, Medole, Ceresara, Casaloldo, Asola, Acquafredda, Carpenedolo.

Acerbi
Acèrbi or Acerbi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Acerbi (born 1925), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal

Francesco Acerbi (born 1988), Italian footballer

Giovanni Acerbi (1825–1869), Italian soldier and politician

Giuseppe Acerbi (1773–1846), Italian naturalist, explorer and composer

Marco Acerbi (1949–1989), Italian hurdler

Mario Acerbi (1913–2010), Italian professional football player

Mario Acerbi (painter) (1887–1982), Italian painter
Lapithaeum
Lapithaeum or Lapithaion (Ancient Greek: Λαπίθαιον) was a town of ancient Laconia. Pausanias writes that it was on Taygetus, 15 stades distant from the sanctuary of Persephone by Helos, and not far from Dereium. He writes that Lapithaeum was named after Lapithus, a native of the district.

Its site is tentatively located near the modern Anogeia.

Stadion (unit)
The stadion (plural stadia, Ancient Greek: στάδιον; latinized as stadium; also anglicized as stade), was an ancient Greek unit of length, consisting of 600 ancient Greek feet (podes). There are a range of varieties or understandings of what a stadion was and is; these have been calculated by various historians, and those calculations have varied dramatically (as did perhaps the use and meaning of the term stadion over time in ancient Greece). Thus, the exact length of one stadion is not universally agreed upon today: historians estimate it at between 150 and 210 m (490 and 690 ft), with perhaps something of a convergence around the 185 metres (607 ft) length of an Attic stade.
Mapletoft
Mapletoft is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Mapletoft (1631–1721), English clergyman and physician

Justin Mapletoft (born 1981), ice hockey player

Mark Mapletoft (born 1971), rugby player

Robert Mapletoft (1609–1677), Dean of Ely

Justin Mapletoft
Justin Mapletoft (born January 11, 1981) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He was drafted by the New York Islanders in the 1999 NHL entry draft as their fifth-round pick, number 130 overall.

He played 38 NHL games with the Islanders in addition to his four seasons with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers in the AHL.

After being recommended by his Tigers linemate Sean Bergenheim, Mapletoft signed with Jokerit in the Finnish SM-liiga for the 2005–06 season, but after a disappointing early season, the team invoked a buyout clause in his contract at the beginning of November 2005, ending his season with Jokerit. He subsequently signed with Södertälje SK in the Swedish Elitserien. The following summer, he signed a one-year contract with the Ottawa Senators. He played  for the EC VSV in the Austrian league in 2008/09.

He played two seasons for the Straubing Tigers of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.
4-Methylphenethylamine
4-Methylphenethylamine (4MPEA), also known as para-methylphenethylamine, is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C9H13N.  4MPEA is a human trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist, a property which it shares with its monomethylated phenethylamine isomers, such as amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine), β-methylphenethylamine, and N-methylphenethylamine (a trace amine).  4MPEA also appears to inhibit the human cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP2A6, based upon the published literature.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
Charlotte Elizabeth McManus
Charlotte Elizabeth McManus (about 1850– 5 October 1944) was an Irish nationalist, historian and novelist. Her family name sometimes appears as MacManus in sources. She was known as Lil and Lottie, and published as L. McManus.

Kiltimagh
Kiltimagh (Irish: Coillte Mach) is a town in County Mayo in Ireland. As of the 2022 census, the town had a population of 1,232 people. Although there is no river going through the town, three rivers flow around the town: the Glore River, Yellow River and Pollagh River. The town centre sits at the crest of a hill surrounding The High Fort (Mooney's Fort/Lios Ard) in Fortlands and built out linearly on the main road from there.
Goya Award for Best European Film
The Goya Award for Best European Film (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor película europea) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. The award was first presented at the seventh edition of the Goya Awards with the French film Indochine behind the first winner of the category.

For the 39th awards ceremony, the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain introduced a modification consisting of the increase of the submissions by a given country up to a maximum of two.

Indochine (film)
Indochine (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃dɔʃin]) is a 1992 French period drama film set in colonial French Indochina from the 1930s to the 1950s. It is the story of Éliane Devries, a French plantation owner, and of her adopted Vietnamese daughter, Camille, set against the backdrop of the rising Vietnamese nationalist movement. The screenplay was written by novelist Érik Orsenna, screenwriters Louis Gardel and Catherine Cohen, and director Régis Wargnier. The film stars Catherine Deneuve, Vincent Pérez, Linh Dan Pham, Jean Yanne and Dominique Blanc. The film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 65th Academy Awards, and Deneuve was nominated for Best Actress.
Medientage München
The Medientage München (Munich Media Days) are held annually in Munich as a congress of the communications industry. An exhibition is organized and occurs at the same time. Every year in October, media entrepreneurs, media makers, and media politicians meet for three days. In 2015 more than 6,200 participants attended the congress, exhibition and events around the Medientage München.

The Medientage München 2015 took place from 21 to 23 October, at the International Congress Center (ICM) of Messe München with the support from the Bavarian State and the Bavarian Regulatory Authority for Commercial Broadcasting (Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien – BLM).

Messe München
Messe München GmbH is the operator of the Neue Messe München exhibition center, the ICM Internationales Congress Center München and the MOC Veranstaltungscenter München. The exhibition space of the 16 halls together is 180,000 m2 and another 425,000 m2 of outdoor area, making Messe München by far the holder of the largest outdoor area of all exhibition companies in Germany. Messe München organizes some 40 trade fairs for capital and consumer goods and key high-tech industries in Munich and abroad.
2012 ITS Cup
The 2012 ITS Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Olomouc, Czech Republic, on 23–29 July 2012.

María Teresa Torró Flor
María Teresa Torró Flor (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a teˈɾesa toˈro floɾ]; born 2 May 1992) is a Spanish former professional tennis player.

In her career, Torró Flor won one singles title and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as 18 singles and five doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 5 May 2014, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 47. On 8 June 2015, she peaked at No. 47 in the doubles rankings.

Torró Flor was victorious upon her debut for the Spain Fed Cup team in February 2013, defeating Ukraine's Yuliya Beygelzimer in their 2013 Fed Cup World Group II tie.
Senior Road Tower
The Senior Road Tower is a guyed mast for FM and TV broadcasting, measuring 1,971 feet (601 m) tall, located in unincorporated northeastern Fort Bend County near Missouri City, Texas, United States.

The present mast was built in 1983. It replaced a previous tower that collapsed in a construction accident in December 1982, killing five workers. While historically also used for television, its primary purpose was and is to transmit FM radio stations.

Fort Bend County, Texas
Fort Bend County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The county was founded on December 29, 1837, and organized the next year. It is named for a blockhouse at a bend of the Brazos River. The community developed around the fort in early days. The county seat is Richmond. The largest city located entirely within the county borders is Sugar Land. The largest city by population in the county is Houston, but most of Houston's population is located in neighboring Harris County.

Fort Bend County is included in the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, its population was 822,779, making it the state's eighth-most populous county, and was estimated to be 958,434 in 2024. In 2017, Forbes ranked it the fifth-fastest growing county in the United States.