hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York Railroad
The Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York Railroad was a paper railroad of the 1870s, vaguely projected to construct a new line between Baltimore and New York via Philadelphia. It did very little construction work, except for a few miles of grading from Relay House, on the Northern Central Railroad, through Towson, Maryland to the Gunpowder River. It merged with the bankrupt Wilmington and Reading Railroad in 1875, but failed to attract further investment to complete its own line. The two railroads were both reorganized separately after foreclosures. Most of the grade was sold to the Baltimore and Delta Railway.

Gunpowder River
The Gunpowder River is a 6.8-mile-long (10.9 km) tidal inlet on the western side of Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, United States. It is formed by the joining of two freshwater rivers, Gunpowder Falls (often referred to locally as "Big Gunpowder Falls") and Little Gunpowder Falls.
2014 Qatar ExxonMobil Open
The 2014 Qatar Open (also known as 2014 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Qatar Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar, from 30 December 2013 until 5 January 2014. First-seeded Rafael Nadal won the singles title.

Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex
The Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex is a tennis and squash complex in Doha, Qatar. The center is owned and operated by the Qatar Tennis Federation. It is the home venue of the ATP World Tour's Qatar ExxonMobil Open and WTA event Qatar Total Open. It formerly hosted the year-ending WTA Tour Championships in 2008–2010. It has also hosted the tennis and squash competitions at the 2006 Asian Games, as well as Padel World Championship in 2021 and 2024.
South Downtown, Atlanta
South Downtown is a historic neighborhood of Downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States. South Downtown is primarily home to city, county, state, and federal governmental offices, which prompted the city to adopt signage declaring the area "Government Walk." Although much of South Downtown is dominated by surface parking lots, the neighborhood was passed over during the redevelopment boom of the 1960s and 1970s that resulted in the demolition of much of Downtown's architecturally significant buildings. The result is myriad buildings from the 1950s and earlier that retain their historic structural integrity.

History of architecture
The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The beginnings of all these traditions is thought to be humans satisfying the very basic need of shelter and protection. The term "architecture" generally refers to buildings, but in its essence is much broader, including fields we now consider specialized forms of practice, such as urbanism, civil engineering, naval, military, and landscape architecture.

Trends in architecture were influenced, among other factors, by technological innovations, particularly in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. The improvement and/or use of steel, cast iron, tile, reinforced concrete, and glass helped for example Art Nouveau appear and made Beaux Arts more grandiose.
Hochwald (Alsace)
The Hochwald is a hill ridge, up to 508 metres high, in the North Vosges in the French département of Bas-Rhin near Wissembourg (German: Weißenburg). Topographically it represents the northernmost part of the Vosges mountains. To the north is the valley of the Lauter, which is both the border between France and Germany (state of Rhineland-Palatinate) and also the boundary between the (North) Vosges and the Palatine Forest (specifically the Mundat Forest).

Mundat Forest
The term 'Mundat Forest' refers to two forests that overlie the modern border between Germany and France near Wissembourg, Alsace. The Upper Mundat Forest is a small part of the mountainous Palatinate Forest. The smaller Lower Mundat Forest forms a fraction of the Bienwald in the Upper Rhine valley.

In the Middle Ages the forests were part of the Wissembourg Mundat, the privileged possessions of the abbey of Weissenburg (now Wissembourg), whose abbot was a territorial magnate, a Prince-abbot of the Holy Roman Empire. The unusual term, Mundat, refers to the immunity (emunitas) granted by the royal conveyor of property, which rendered the abbey immune from obligations of service for the grant of vast privileged domains situated within the diocese of Speyer.
Centre for Disease Control (Australia)
The Centre for Disease Control (CDC) is an Australian government agency responsible for disease control and management of public health emergencies. It was formed on 1 January 2024, as an interim agency. Legislation to create a permanent and independent CDC was introduced in the Parliament of Australia in September 2025. It was finally passed by both Houses on 6 November 2025 and will establish the CDC on 1 January 2026.

Currently, the agency is under the control of the Department of Health, Disability and Ageing and overseen by the Minister for Health and Ageing, Mark Butler. The CDC was formed during the Albanese government's inquiry into the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. The interim agency executive is Mary Wood. Once the CDC transitions from an interim to a permanent organisation, it will be headed by a director-general.

Minister for Health and Ageing
The Minister for Health and Ageing is the position in the Australian cabinet responsible for national health and wellbeing and medical research. The incumbent Minister is Labor MP Mark Butler.

In the Government of Australia, the minister is responsible for national health and medical research policy, providing direction and oversight of the Department of Health, Disability and Ageing.
Aleksanteri Koivisto
Aleksanteri Koivisto (23 May 1863 – 22 December 1921; original surname Märjenjärvi) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Kuortane. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 until his death in 1921, representing the Finnish Party until December 1918 and the National Coalition Party after that.

Diet of Finland
The Diet of Finland (Finnish Suomen maapäivät, later valtiopäivät; Swedish Finlands Lantdagar), was the legislative assembly of the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906 and the recipient of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates. (The term valtiopäivät today means an annual session of the Parliament of Finland, while in Swedish Riksdagen is now the name for both the Parliament and its sessions.)
Tonight (Danny Byrd song)
"Tonight" is a song by drum and bass DJ, producer and musician Danny Byrd featuring fellow Hospital Records artist Netsky. It is the fourth single released from his third album Rave Digger. The song was released on 6 February 2011 for digital download and on 12" vinyl on 7 February 2011. The single peaked at number 91 on the UK Singles Chart and number 11 on the UK Dance Chart. It also got featured in Need for Speed: The Run for the Wii and Nintendo 3DS.

Netsky (musician)
Boris Daenen (Dutch: [ˈboːrɪz‿ˈdaːnə(n)]; born 22 March 1989), better known by his stage name Netsky (/nɛtˈskaɪ/ net-SKY), is a Belgian drum and bass producer and musician. The name Netsky is based on the computer virus of the same name.
Battle of Bergamo
The Battle of Bergomum was fought between Alans and the Western Roman Empire in 464, and resulted in a Roman victory.

In 464, the Alan king Beorgor led an invasion of Northern Italy, marching his force into the Po Valley. At Bergomum, near Mediolanum, Beorgor was confronted by the Roman general Ricimer on 6 February 464. After fierce fighting, the Alans were defeated and Beorgor was killed.

Mediolanum
Mediolanum, the ancient city where Milan now stands, was originally an Insubrian city, but afterwards became an important Roman city in Northern Italy.

The city was settled by a Celtic tribe belonging to the Insubres group and belonging to the Golasecca culture under the name Medhelanon around 590 BC, conquered by the Romans in 222 BC, who Latinized the name of the city into Mediolanum, and developed into a key centre of Western Christianity and informal capital of the Western Roman Empire. It declined under the ravages of the Gothic War, its capture by the Lombards in 569, and their decision to make Ticinum the capital of their Kingdom of Italy.

During the Principate the population was 40,000 in AD 200; when the city became capital of the Western Roman Empire under emperor Maximian (r. 286–305), the population rose to 100,000 people and thus Milan became one of the largest cities in Roman Italy.
Non-lieu
In French criminal law, a non-lieu is a decision taken by an investigating judge to dismiss a criminal case during the judicial investigation phase.

At the end of their investigation, the investigating judge either refers the case to the trial court (ordonnance de renvoi) or issues an ordonnance de non-lieu (a "no-case" judgement). The latter happens when the evidence gathered by the investigation does not justify further action. Non-lieu differs from classement sans suite, which results from a decision by the prosecutor's office not to prosecute a case based on the principle of prosecutorial discretion.

A non-lieu decision is provided for in Article 177-1 and following of the Code of criminal procedure. Under the Ancien régime, it was called "dismissal from court" (French: mise hors de cour, lit. 'put out of court').

Motion (legal)
In United States law, a motion is a procedural device to bring a limited, contested issue before a court for decision. It is a request to the judge (or judges) to make a decision about the case. Motions may be made at any point in administrative, criminal or civil proceedings, although that right is regulated by court rules which vary from place to place. The party requesting the motion is the moving party or movant. The party opposing the motion is the nonmoving party or nonmovant.
Here Not There
Here Not There is the second studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Jane Child, released in 1993 by Warner Bros. Records. It was less successful than her 1989 debut and saw her undergoing a stylistic change; while her debut was mostly synthesized dance-pop with R&B undercurrents, Here Not There saw her edging away and mixing new jack swing rhythms with almost hard rock elements. The year prior to the release of the album, she contributed the song "Mona Lisa Smiles" to the film Freejack, which starred Emilio Estevez.

The album is notable in that it featured an outside writer in the form of Ricky Hyslop, her father; he wrote two tracks on the album ("Monument" and "Step Out Of Time"), whereas Child wrote all of the tracks on her previous album.

Freejack
Freejack is a 1992 American science fiction film directed by Geoff Murphy and starring Emilio Estevez, Mick Jagger, Rene Russo, and Anthony Hopkins. The screenplay was written by Steven Pressfield, Ronald Shusett and Dan Gilroy, who adapted it from the 1959 science fiction novel Immortality, Inc. by Robert Sheckley. The film was produced by Morgan Creek and released by Warner Bros. in the United States on January 17, 1992. It received mostly negative reviews.
Romsdal Folkeblad
Romsdal Folkeblad was a Norwegian Labor Party newspaper published in Molde from 1928 until its bankruptcy in 1987. Its circulation was just under 5,000.

Launched in 1928, the paper was one of several local newspapers started up in the 1920s. The politician Olav Oksvik was one of the central figures in launching the newspaper. Romsdal Folkeblad was shut down by the Nazi authorities during the German occupation of Norway in the Second World War, and its competitor Romsdals Budstikke came under Nazi control. In the 1970s, the editorial board was based at the town hall in Molde, but relocated to more modern premises in Årødalen around 1980. In the late 1970s, Romsdals Budstikke won the upper hand in the local circulation war, and Romsdal Folkeblad shut down in 1987.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Ernest Choquette
Ernest Choquette (18 November 1862 – 29 March 1941) was a Canadian physician, novelist, and politician.

Born in Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Canada East, Choquette studied medicine at the Université de Laval à Montréal (now called Université de Montréal). A physician, he practised medicine in Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. An author, some of his works include Les Ribaud, une idylle de 37 (1898), Claude Paysan (1899), Carabinades (1900), La Terre (1916), and Madeleine et la Bouée (1927). He also wrote for La Presse and La Patrie. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1911.

Choquette was the mayor of Saint-Hilaire before being appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec for the Rougemont division in 1910. A Liberal, he served until his death in Westmount, Quebec in 1941.

Mont-Saint-Hilaire
Mont-Saint-Hilaire (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ sɛ̃t‿ilɛʁ]) is a suburb of Montreal on the South Shore of southeastern Quebec, Canada, on the Richelieu River in the Regional County Municipality of La Vallée-du-Richelieu. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 18,859. The city is named after the Mont Saint-Hilaire.

A significant deposit of the semi-precious mineral sodalite is located near Mont-Saint-Hilaire .
Heinz pickle pin
The Heinz pickle pin is an advertising item from the H. J. Heinz Company, being a small green pin made in the shape of a pickle. Being continuously offered for more than a century, and with more than 100 million pins produced over the years, it is both one of the longest-running and most successful promotions in history.

Pickled cucumber
A pickled cucumber – commonly known as a pickle in the United States and Canada and a gherkin (/ˈɡɜːrkɪn/ GUR-kin) in Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand – is a usually small or miniature cucumber that has been pickled in a brine, vinegar, or other solution and left to ferment. The fermentation process is executed either by immersing the cucumbers in an acidic solution or through souring by lacto-fermentation. Pickled cucumbers are often part of mixed pickles.
Molly Williams
Molly Williams (fl. 1818) was the first known female, and first known black, firefighter in the United States.

An African American, she was a slave of the New York City merchant Benjamin Aymar. She was affiliated with the Oceanus Engine Company #11 in lower Manhattan. During her time in the company, she was called Volunteer No. 11. Williams made a distinguished presence in her sturdy work clothes of calico dress and checked apron. Her service was noted particularly during the blizzard of 1818. Male firefighters were scarce due to a cholera outbreak, but Williams took her place with the men on the dragropes and pulled the pumper to the fire through the deep snow.

When asked, Williams always replied: "‘I belongs to ole ‘Leven; I allers runs wid dat ole bull-gine.’"

Apron
An apron is a garment worn over other clothing to cover the front of the body to protect from liquids. They have several purposes, most commonly as a functional accessory that protects clothes and skin from stains and marks. However, other types of aprons may be worn as a decoration, for hygienic reasons, as part of a uniform, or as protection from certain dangers such as acid, allergens or excessive heat. It can also be used at work stations to hold extra tools and pieces or protect from dust and unwanted materials.

As a top layer that covers the front body, the apron is also worn as a uniform, adornment, ceremonial garb (e.g. Masonic apron) or fashion statement.

The word comes from Old French napron, meaning a small piece of cloth. Over time "a napron" became "an apron" through a linguistic process called rebracketing.
Bare Hill Correctional Facility
Bare Hill Correctional Facility is a medium security state prison in Franklin County, New York, United States.  The prison in the Town of Malone.

Bare Hill C.F. is located by Franklin Correctional Facility, a medium security prison and Upstate Correctional Facility, a maximum security prison.

The prison opened in 1988, and as of 2010 had a working capacity of 1722.

Among the programs offered to the inmates is participation in social programs to aid residents of the region.  Almost every prisoner has a work assignment, either within or outside the prison.

In 2025, the US National Guard came to assist the understaffed facility amid protests by staff, who demanded safer working conditions. That November, Governor Kathy Hochul ordered the prison to be shut down on March 11, 2026 amid struggles with low staffing.

Franklin County, New York
Franklin County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. To the north across the Canada–United States border are the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, from east to west. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 47,555. Its county seat is Malone. The county is named in honor of the United States Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Franklin County comprises the Malone, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Much of Franklin County is within Adirondack Park. Within the border of the county is the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, or Akwesasne in the Mohawk language. Its population was nearly 3,300 in the 2010 census. The people are linked by community and history with the Mohawk of the Akwesasne reserve across the river, spanning the border of Quebec and Ontario. The Mohawk have had authority under the Jay Treaty to freely cross this international border.
Nishi-Azabu
Nishi-Azabu (西麻布) is a district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan, which was a part of the former Azabu Ward.

Nishiazabu is bordered by Minami-Aoyama on the north and west, Hiroo (Shibuya) on the south, Moto-Azabu on the southeast, and Roppongi on the northeast.

The Fujifilm company is located in 2 Nishi-Azabu. A large area in 4 Nishi-Azabu surrounding the Nishi-Azabu Mitsui building and the Wakabakai kindergarten was occupied by the Mitsui clan (Mitsui Zaibatsu) before World War II.

The embassies of Portugal, Yemen, Ukraine, Uruguay, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Haiti, Panama, Venezuela, Belize, Bolivia, Honduras, Laos and Romania are located in this area.

It is also home to a number of international kindergartens as well as Kogai Elementary School.

Chōkoku-ji (長谷寺), also known as Azabu Ō-Kannon (麻布大観音), is a Sōtō-shū temple and a tourist attraction and is also located in Nishi-Azabu.

Roppongi
Roppongi (Japanese: 六本木, [ɾo̞ppõ̞ŋʲɡʲi] ⓘ, lit. 'six trees') is a district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan, famous for the Roppongi Hills development area, an upscale commercial and residential complex, and night club scene. Several foreign embassies are located in or near Roppongi. The district is in central Tokyo, situated south of Akasaka and north of Azabu and is noted for its night life, attracting both local residents and visitors from abroad.
Kolonia Otocka, Grabina
Kolonia Otocka (German: Kolonie Ottok) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It is situated in the historical region of Prudnik Land.

The National Register of Geographical Names for 2025 classified Kolonia Otocka as a colony (kolonia wsi) of Grabina. It is called Kolonia Grabińska to distinguish it from the nearby village which is also named Kolonia Otocka.

Gmina Biała, Opole Voivodeship
Gmina Biała (German: Gemeinde Zülz) is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in Upper Silesia in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Biała, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Prudnik and 36 km (22 mi) southwest of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 195.82 square kilometres (75.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population was 10,586. Since 2006, in addition to the official Polish language, German has been recognized as an additional secondary language.
Fionnuala Ní Fhlaithbheartaigh
Fionnuala Ní Fhlaithbheartaigh (fl. 1545) was a Gaelic–Irish Lady.

Ní Fhlaithbheartaigh was married to Burke of Inverin, whose lands were inherited upon his death by his son, Walter Fada Burke. Ní Fhlaithbheartaigh conspired with her brother, Domhnall mac Ruairí Óg Ó Flaithbheartaigh, to murder Walter Fada. The killing was carried out by Fionnuala and Domhnall in 1549, with the castle and lands of Inverin seized by the family.

Fionnuala's subsequent fate is unknown. Myler, the son of Theobald, son of Walter Fada Burke, was executed after trying to escape from the Galway jail on Mainguard Street in August 1595.

Inverin
Indreabhán (English: Inverincode: eng promoted to code: en ), meaning "mouth of the river" is a Gaeltacht village between Baile na hAbhann and Minna in County Galway, Ireland. There are Irish-language summer colleges in the area, most notably Coláiste Lurgan and Coláiste Uí Chadhain.

The village is on the R336 road and is served by the 424 Bus Éireann route from Galway.

Cumann Forbartha Chois Fharraige is a local development association founded in 1966. The Gaelic Athletic Association club, Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Mhícheál Breathnach, holds a Gaelic football tournament every year on Saint Stephen's Day. An Irish language book club in the village, Club Leabhar Chois Fharraige, meets monthly.

The airline Aer Arann Islands is headquartered at Connemara Airport near the village.
Mark Meek
Mark Meek is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Oregon State Senate for the 20th district that comprises northern Clackamas County. He previously represented the 40th district in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2017 to 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Oregon's 40th House district
District 40 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the district is located entirely within Clackamas County and contains Gladstone, Jennings Lodge, Johnson City, Oatfield, and Oregon City as well as parts of Clackamas. The current representative for the district is Democrat Annessa Hartman of Gladstone.
Burghausen City Museum
The Burghausen City Museum (German: Stadtmuseum Burghausen) is located within Burghausen Castle, the world’s longest castle complex at 1,051 m (3,448 ft). Founded in 1899, its diverse collections present the history, art, and culture of Burghausen and its surrounding region. From 2011 to 2025, the museum underwent comprehensive redevelopment and was completely redesigned as a cross-generational universal museum. Its four newly designed permanent exhibitions received the Bavarian Museum Prize.

Salzach
The Salzach (German: [ˈzaltsax]) is a river in Austria and Germany. It is 227 kilometres (141 mi) in length and is a right tributary of the Inn, which eventually joins the Danube. Its drainage basin of 6,829 km2 (2,637 sq mi) comprises large parts of the Northern Limestone and Central Eastern Alps. 83% of its drainage basin (5,643 km2 (2,179 sq mi)) lies in Austria, the remainder in Germany (Bavaria). Its largest tributaries are Lammer, Berchtesgadener Ache, Saalach, Sur and Götzinger Achen.