hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rolf Kalmuczak
Rolf Kalmuczak (17 April 1938 in Nordhausen – 10 March 2007 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen) was a German author. He was an editor of daily papers, freelance contributor at Stern, lector and one of the authors of the Jerry Cotton series. Since 1966 he had used more than 100 pseudonyms, written some 160 youth books, 36 film scripts, 170 paperback crime novels, and 200 booklet-novels. He admits that he wrote the TKKG book series as "Stefan Wolf". Rolf Kalmuczak was married with one daughter and lived in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Stern (magazine)
Stern (pronounced [ʃtɛʁn] ⓘ, German for "Star", stylized in all lowercase) is an illustrated, broadly left-liberal, weekly current affairs magazine published in Hamburg, Germany, by Gruner + Jahr, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann. Under the editorship (1948–1980) of its founder Henri Nannen, it attained a circulation of between 1.5 and 1.8 million, the largest in Europe's for a magazine of its kind.

Unusually for a popular magazine in post-war West Germany, and most notably in the contributions to 1975 of Sebastian Haffner, Stern investigated the origin and nature of the preceding tragedies of German history. In 1983, however, its credibility was seriously damaged by its purchase and syndication of the forged Hitler Diaries. A sharp drop in sales anticipated the general fall in newsprint readership in the new century.  By 2019, circulation had fallen under half a million.
Ramsdale Beck
Ramsdale Beck is a small river that feeds directly into the North Sea between Robin Hood's Bay and Ravenscar on the North Yorkshire coast in England. The stream, which rises on Fylingdales Moor, has two waterfalls, and historically was used to power two corn mills. The beck flows through a small ravine known as Ramsdale Valley. There is another Ramsdale Beck in Scarborough which connects Scarborough Mere and Falsgrave to the sea.

Ravenscar, North Yorkshire
Ravenscar is a coastal village in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is within the civil parish of Staintondale and the North York Moors National Park, and is 10 miles (16 km) north of Scarborough. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

A National Trail, the 110-mile (180 km) Cleveland Way, passes through Ravenscar, as does the Cinder Track, a multi-use path that forms part of National Cycle Route 1. Ravenscar is also the eastern terminus of the challenging cross-moor Lyke Wake Walk, which ends where it meets the coast road. The sea around the area hosts a seal colony.
George Morris (Irish politician)
George Morris (April 1833 – 11 September 1912) was an Irish Home Rule League politician.

He was first elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Galway Borough at a by-election in April 1867, representing the Liberals, but did not stand again in 1868. He returned to the seat in 1874, but again did not stand in 1880.

He was High Sheriff of Galway Town in 1860.

Galway Borough
Galway Borough was a United Kingdom Parliament constituency in Ireland. It returned one MP from 1801 to 1832, two MPs from 1832 to 1885 and one MP from 1885 to 1918. It was an original constituency represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801.
Golden Valley Is Now
Golden Valley Is Now is an album by the group of the same name, featuring bassist Reid Anderson, drummer Dave King, and keyboardist Craig Taborn. It was recorded in August 2018 in Minneapolis and was released by Intakt Records on September 20, 2019.

The album title refers to the fact that all three musicians grew up in Golden Valley, Minnesota, and have played together on occasion since high school.

Golden Valley, Minnesota
Golden Valley is a western first-ring suburb of Minneapolis in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 21,263 in 2024. The city is mostly residential and is bordered by Interstate 394. Over 15% of it is parks or nature reserves. Minnesota State Highway 55 runs through the city, providing a direct route to downtown Minneapolis.

Golden Valley is the main corporate headquarters of General Mills, a major flour-milling and food-products company originally located in Minneapolis. It is the site of Pentair's U.S. headquarters and local NBC affiliate KARE. The city was also home to the former Minneapolis-Honeywell headquarters, which is now the Resideo Technologies corporate offices.
Fishing admiral
In Newfoundland, a fishing admiral was an office for the control of the fishing fleet given to the first ship to arrive on station. The post was officially recognised under the Western Charter of 1634. The rise of a permanent population necessitating more effective rule resulted in Britain assigning a governor to the island in 1729 and effectively ending importance of the role Fishing Admiral.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.
Nina Smith
Nina Smith née Gotfred-Rasmussen (born 1955) is a prominent Danish economist. Since 2005, she has been Professor of Economics and Business at Aarhus University. Smith has held a number of major educational and advisory positions, including research professor at the German Institute for Economic Research and head of the board of the Independent Research Fund Denmark. As of July 2021, she serves on the boards of several leading financial companies in Denmark such as Nykredit.

Nykredit
Nykredit (lit. 'New Credit') is a Danish financial service company. Its activities range from mortgages, retail and investment banking to insurance, leasing and asset management.

As of 2012, Nykredit Group was the largest lender in Denmark and one of the major private bond issuers in Europe.
Cors Goch National Nature Reserve (Anglesey)
Cors Goch National Nature Reserve is principally a fen in a shallow valley near the village of Llanbedrgoch, on the eastern side of Anglesey. The site is managed by the North Wales Wildlife Trust and also includes calcareous heath, meadow and an acid heath overlain on millstone grit. There is some area of open water including Llyn Cadarn but much is marsh or shallow bog which supports a species rich ecosystem dominated by reeds.  A number of rare plants and animals are able to flourish in this environment, including great crested newt and adders. The medicinal leech and glow worm have also been found here. The site is managed by the North Wales Wildlife Trust.

Millstone Grit
Millstone Grit is any of a number of coarse-grained sandstones of Carboniferous age which occur in the British Isles. The name derives from its use in earlier times as a source of millstones for use principally in watermills. Geologists refer to the whole suite of rocks that encompass the individual limestone beds and the intervening mudstones as the Millstone Grit Group. The term Millstone Grit Series was formerly used to refer to the rocks now included within the Millstone Grit Group together with the underlying Edale Shale Group.

The term gritstone describes any sandstone composed of coarse angular grains, and specifically refers to such sandstones within the Pennines and neighbouring areas of Northern England.
Canton of Thionville
The canton of Thionville is an administrative division of the Moselle department, northeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Thionville.

It consists of the following communes:

Terville

Thionville (partly)

Terville
Terville (French pronunciation: [tɛʁvil]; German: Terwen; Lorraine Franconian Tierwen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

The trumpeter Pierre Gillet was born in Terville (6 August 1960).
C to HDL
C to HDL tools convert C language or C-like computer code into a hardware description language (HDL) such as VHDL or Verilog.  The converted code can then be synthesized and translated into a hardware device such as a field-programmable gate array.  Compared to software, equivalent designs in hardware consume less power (yielding higher performance per watt) and execute faster with lower latency, more parallelism and higher throughput.  However, system design and functional verification in a hardware description language can be tedious and time-consuming, so systems engineers often write critical modules in HDL and other modules in a high-level language and synthesize these into HDL through C to HDL or high-level synthesis tools.

C to RTL is another name for this methodology.  RTL refers to the register transfer level representation of a program necessary to implement it in logic.

Logic synthesis
In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level (RTL), is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates, typically by a computer program called a synthesis tool. Common examples of this process include synthesis of designs specified in hardware description languages, including VHDL and Verilog. Some synthesis tools generate bitstreams for programmable logic devices such as PALs or FPGAs, while others target the creation of ASICs. Logic synthesis is one step in circuit design in the electronic design automation, the others are place and route and verification and validation.
Flood Control Act of 1950
Title II of Public Law 516-81st Congress, which per Section 216 thereof may be cited as The Flood Control Act of 1950, was a law passed by the United States Congress authorizing flood control projects around the country.

The Act was prompted in part by floods that swept through the Columbia River watershed in 1948, destroying Vanport, then the second largest city in Oregon, and impacting cities as far north as Trail, British Columbia. By that time, local communities had become wary of federal hydroelectric projects, and sought local control of new developments.  One consequence was that a public utility district in Grant County, Washington ultimately began construction of the dam at Priest Rapids.

Grant County, Washington
Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 99,123. The county seat is Ephrata, and the largest city is Moses Lake. The county was formed out of Douglas County in February 1909 and is named for U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

Grant County comprises the Moses Lake, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Moses Lake-Othello, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Staro Selo, Vratsa Province
Staro Selo (Old Village) is a small village in the Vratsa Province of northwest Bulgaria. It is situated at the foot of the Balkan Mountains. Staro Selo is a part of Mezdra Municipality. It is also home to the town hall. Staro Selo is near the river Iskar, popular for its angling possibilities.

The number of inhabitants as of summer 2008 numbered less than 200 due to emigration and is still falling as young people move to nearby towns such as Mezdra, Vratsa or even further away. Many houses are no longer inhabited permanently, having either been abandoned or turned into summer cottages.

Vratsa Province
43°31′N 23°36′E﻿ / ﻿43.517°N 23.600°E﻿ / 43.517; 23.600

Vratsa Province (Bulgarian: Област Враца Oblast Vraca, former name Vraca okrug) is a Bulgarian province located in the northwestern part of the country, between Danube river in the north and Stara Planina mountain in the south. It is named after its main town: Vratsa. As of 2016, the province had a population of 170 367, on territory of 3,619.7 km2 (1,397.6 sq mi).
Janet Daling
Janet R. Daling is an American epidemiologist. She is a member emeritus of the Public Health Sciences Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, as well as an emeritus professor of epidemiology at the University of Washington.

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, formerly known as the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and also known as Fred Hutch or The Hutch, is a cancer research institute established in 1975 in Seattle, Washington.
John Simpson (Kansas politician)
John M. Simpson (born July 30, 1934) is a former politician and attorney from the U.S. state of Kansas. He served as a Republican in the Kansas State Senate from 1972 to 1979, before switching parties and unsuccessfully running as a Democrat in the 1980 election for U.S. Senate, challenging Republican incumbent Bob Dole.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Anne Barlow
Anne Barlow is a curator and director in the field of international contemporary art, and is currently Director of Tate St Ives, Art Fund Museum of the Year 2018. There she directs and oversees the artistic vision and programme, including temporary exhibitions, collection displays, artist residencies, new commissions, and a learning and research programme. At Tate St Ives, Barlow has curated solo exhibitions of work by artists including: Outi Pieski (2024); Hera Büyüktaşcıyan (2023); Burçak Bingöl (2022); Prabhakar Pachpute (2022); Thảo Nguyên Phan (2022); Petrit Halilaj (2021); Haegue Yang (2020); Otobong Nkanga (2019); Huguette Caland (2019); Amie Siegel (2018) and Rana Begum (2018). She was also co-curator of "Naum Gabo: Constructions for Real Life" (2020) and collaborating curator with Castello di Rivoli, Turin for Anna Boghiguian at Tate St Ives (2019).

Anna Boghiguian
Anna Boghiguian (born 1946) is an Egyptian contemporary artist. One of Egypt's foremost contemporary artists, her work investigates various historical events in a political context, such as the history of the cotton trade, the salt trade and the life of Egyptian Greek poet Constantine P. Cavafy. Her work frequently takes the form of vast installations composed of painted figures that are arranged to fill rooms.
Monumbo languages
The Monumbo or Bogia Bay languages are a cluster of closely related languages that constitute a branch of the Torricelli language family. They are spoken in a few coastal villages around Bogia Bay of Bogia District, Madang Province in Papua New Guinea. Unlike all other Torricelli branches except for the Marienberg languages, word order in the Bogia languages is SOV, likely due to contact with Lower Sepik-Ramu and Sepik languages.: 298

There are three languages: Monumbo (Mambuwan), Ngaimbom and Lilau.

Sepik languages
The Sepik or Sepik River languages are a family of some 50 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea, proposed by Donald Laycock in 1965 in a somewhat more limited form than presented here. They tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.

The best-studied Sepik language is Iatmul. The most populous are Iatmul's fellow Ndu languages Abelam and Boiken, with about 35,000 speakers each.

The Sepik languages, like their Ramu neighbors, appear to have three-vowel systems, /ɨ ə a/, that distinguish only vowel height in a vertical vowel system. Phonetic [i e o u] are a result of palatal and labial assimilation to adjacent consonants. It is suspected that the Ndu languages may reduce this to a two-vowel system, with /ɨ/ epenthetic (Foley 1986).
Haris (surname)
Haris is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mohammad Haris (born 2001), Pakistani cricketer

N. A. Haris (born 1967), Indian businessman and politician

Niki Haris (born 1962), American singer, actress and dancer

Parvez Haris (born 1964), Bangladeshi professor of biomedical science

N. A. Haris
Nalapad Ahmed Haris (popularly known as N. A. Haris) is an Indian businessman, politician and sports administrator. He is a member of the Indian National Congress and has represented the Shanti Nagar Assembly constituency in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly since 2008. He was formerly working as the Chairman of the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation.

He was appointed chairman for Bengaluru Development Authority (BDA) on 26 January 2024.
Bruce Wayne (TV series)
Bruce Wayne was a planned television series focusing on a young Bruce Wayne before he became Batman. The idea was conceived as a pitch from screenwriter Tim McCanlies in late 1990s, and went as far into development until being shelved in favor of, at that time, the planned film Batman: Year One.

The concept would later be rethought and turned into the television series Smallville, this time focusing on a young Clark Kent before he became Superman. In addition, from 2014 until 2019, Fox aired Gotham, which focuses on a young Bruce Wayne and James Gordon, as well as the origin stories of several Batman villains such as Riddler, Penguin, Scarecrow, Poison Ivy, Catwoman, Two-Face and The Joker, among others.

Jim Gordon (Gotham)
James "Jim" Gordon is a fictional character adapted for television by screenwriter Bruno Heller. He serves as the main protagonist of the Warner Bros. and DC Comics television series Gotham, portrayed by Ben McKenzie.

He is based on a character of the same name created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, debuting in Detective Comics #27 (May 1939), though is most well-known as the supporting lead of the superhero comic, Batman.

McKenzie received a generally positive critical reception for his portrayal of the character, appearing in every episode of the series, and the novel Gotham: City of Monsters, set in-between the events of the second and third seasons.
Castillo Nunatak
Castillo Nunatak is a conspicuous rocky peak rising to 437 m on the glacial divide between Huntress Glacier and Balkan Snowfield on Hurd Peninsula in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is linked to Charrúa Ridge to the west Charrúa Gap and, via Willan Nunatak and Willan Saddle, to Burdick Ridge to the east-northeast.  Castillo Nunatak is a prominent landmark in the Charrúa Gap area.

The feature is descriptively named for its abrupt and isolated appearance ('Castle Nunatak' in Spanish).

Hurd Peninsula
Hurd Peninsula lies between South Bay and False Bay on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The Spanish Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base and the Bulgarian St. Kliment Ohridski Base are situated on its west coast.

The peninsula was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Captain Thomas Hurd, Royal Navy, the second Hydrographer to the British Admiralty, 1808–23, who instituted a regular system of nautical surveys, and under whose authority Lieutenant Edward Bransfield's 1820 survey of the Bransfield Strait area was published in November 1822.
Untold Herstory
Untold Herstory (Chinese: 流麻溝十五號; pinyin: Liú má gōu shíwǔ hào; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lô͘-môa kau cha̍p-gō͘ hō) is a 2022 Taiwanese historical film by Zero Chou, about the detention of female political prisoners in the 1950s in Ludao Prison, in the beginning of the White Terror and the martial law. It has been produced by Pasuya Yao. The BAMID helped with financial contributions. It's based on historical facts, the Green Island Prison Organization Case.

Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development
The Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development (BAMID; traditional Chinese: 文化部影視及流行音樂產業局; simplified Chinese: 文化部影视及流行音乐产业局; pinyin: Wénhuàbù Yǐngshìjí Liúxíng Yīnyuè Chǎnyèjú) is the bureau of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of China responsible for supervising and promoting film, broadcasting, television and popular music sectors of Taiwan.
Frances Euphemia Thompson
Frances Euphemia Thompson (July 11,1896 – January 30, 1992) was an African American artist and art educator dedicated to improving the lives of African Americans through art education. She was one of the first African American women to graduate from Massachusetts Normal Art School.

Tennessee State University
Tennessee State University (Tennessee State, Tenn State, or TSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, it is the only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelor's degrees, 23 master's degrees, and eight doctoral degrees. It is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Tramway track
Tramway track is used on tramways or light rail operations. As with standard rail tracks, tram tracks have two parallel steel rails, the distance between the heads of the rails being the track gauge. When there is no need for pedestrians or road vehicles to traverse the track, conventional flat-bottom rail is used. However, when such traffic exists, such as in urban streets, grooved rails are used.

Tram rails can be placed on several surfaces, such as on ground over which track ballast topped by sleepers (US: ties)  and flat-bottom rails are laid – as with railway tracks – or, for street running, with grooved rails usually embedded into a concrete pavement. In some places, tracks are laid into grass turf surfaces; they are known as green track, grassed track or track in lawn.

Alphonse Loubat
Alphonse Loubat (15 June 1799 – 10 September 1866) was a French inventor who developed improvements in tram and rail equipment, and helped develop tram lines in New York City and Paris.

Loubat was born in Sainte-Livrade-sur-Lot. He went to New York City in 1827 where he helped develop that city's first tramway in 1832. He returned to France and in 1852 developed the grooved rail, which greatly facilitated street railways and tramlines. Besides he planted wine in Brooklin and wrote on wine.

He died in Ville-d'Avray. Joseph Florimond Loubat was his son.
Johann de Kalb
Johann von Robais, Baron de Kalb (June 19, 1721 – August 19, 1780), born Johann Kalb, was a Franconian-born French military officer who served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He was mortally wounded while fighting against the British Army during the Battle of Camden.

Camden, South Carolina
Camden is the largest city in and the county seat of Kershaw County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 7,788 in the 2020 census, and the 2022 population estimate is 8,213. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Camden is the oldest inland city in South Carolina, and home to the Carolina Cup and the National Steeplechase Museum.