hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GAMA Industry
GAMA Industry, established in 1970, is the construction arm of the Turkish company Gama Group, founded 1959. Gama Industry specializes in the turnkey construction of industrial facilities, including thermal power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, hydroelectric power plants, water and wastewater treatment systems, cement factories and pipelines, installation of mechanical/electrical equipment and instrumentation and the construction of high-rise buildings, business and shopping complexes, residences, tourism facilities, social and cultural facilities, health facilities, dams, underground transportation systems and utilities.

Petrochemical industry
The petrochemical industry is concerned with the production and trade of petrochemicals. A major part is constituted by the plastics (polymer) industry. It directly interfaces with the petroleum industry, especially the downstream sector.
Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust
Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust was an NHS trust which ran Broomfield Hospital in Chelmsford, St Peter's Hospital in Maldon, St Michael's Hospital in Braintree and formerly St John's Hospital in Chelmsford until its closure in 2010.

A merger with Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust was proposed in January 2018. On 31 July 2019 the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care endorsed the merger and the trusts merged on 1 April 2020 to form Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust.

Maldon
Maldon (/ˈmɔːldən/, locally /ˈmɒldən/) is a town and civil parish on the Blackwater Estuary in Essex, England. It is the seat of the Maldon District and starting point of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation. It is known for Maldon Sea Salt which is produced in the area. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 14,938, and the Maldon built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics, which extends beyond the parish boundary to also take in Heybridge to the north, had a population of 23,380.
Seven Digital Deadly Sins
Seven Digital Deadly Sins is a 2014 web documentary, produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and The Guardian, which explores online behaviour according to the traditional seven deadly sins.  It features video confessions by such artists and celebrities as Newfoundland comedian Mary Walsh, Billy Bragg, novelist Gary Shteyngart, comic Josie Long, musician Bill Bailey and writer Jon Ronson. The interactive site also allows users to absolve or condemn various digital "sins" of the day. The site was created in collaboration with Jam3 and produced for the NFB by its Digital Studio in Vancouver, with Loc Dao as executive producer.

Seven Digital Deadly Sins received three People's Voice Awards, chosen by the public online, at the 2015 Webby Awards.

Josie Long
Josie Isabel Long (born 17 April 1982) is an English comedian. She started performing as a stand-up at the age of 14 and won the BBC New Comedy Awards at 17.

In 2006, Long won the If.comeddies Best Newcomer award at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe for her show Kindness and Exuberance. She has been nominated for the Edinburgh Comedy Award for Best Show three times. In 2012, Long and director Doug King produced two short comedy films in Glasgow called Let's Go Swimming and Romance and Adventure, which were nominated for a BAFTA Scotland New Talent Award.
Magnifico Osorio
Rev. Magnifico Libre Osorio (December 15, 1934 - March 29, 1985) was a Filipino Methodist Pastor and human rights advocate best known for championing the rights of Indigenous people in the province of Palawan and his murder during the waning days of Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship in the Philippines. He was not known to have political affiliations nor leanings, but his humanitarian work and the circumstances of his murder have led him to be considered a martyr of the resistance against the dictatorship, and his name is inscribed on the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani in Quezon City.

Pastor Osorio was one of several preachers or missionaries who were violently killed after opposing forces linked to the Marcos administration in 1985: notable others being Catholic Missionary Priest Tullio Favali, United Church of Christ Minister Elpidio Sumawil, and Episcopalian Father Mariano Beling.

United Church of Christ in the Philippines
The United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP; Filipino: Ang Nagkaisang Iglesia ni Cristo sa Pilipinas; Ilocano: Nagkaykaysa nga Iglesia Ni Cristo iti Filipinas) is a mainline Protestant denomination in the Philippines. Established in its present form in Malate, Manila, it began as a uniting church after the merger of the Evangelical Church of the Philippines, the Philippine Methodist Church, the Disciples of Christ, the United Evangelical Church and several independent congregations.

In 2021, the UCCP reported to the World Council of Churches that it had 1,500,000 adherents, with 1,593 pastors in 2,564 congregations as of 2008. As per the 2020 census, there are 470,792 members in the Philippines alone. Its headquarters is located at 877 EDSA, West Triangle, Quezon City, Metro Manila.
Hero Cruz
Hero Cruz is a fictional character in comic books published by DC Comics. Within the narrative of the fictional DC Universe, Hero is a portrayal of a Latino gay superhero of African descent. He first appeared in Superboy and the Ravers (September 1996) and was created by Karl Kesel and Steve Mattsson.

According to Richard T. Rodríguez in Graphic Borders, Hero is an updated take on the concept of a gay superhero: "Unlike the earlier, effeminate characterization of Extraño nine years before, Hero Cruz was fashioned as a character who was unmistakably masculine and who didn't wear his homosexuality on his sleeve".

Hypertime
Hypertime is a fictional concept in DC Comics which first appeared in the 1999 The Kingdom limited series. It is a variation of the multiverse concept that existed in DC Comics before 1985's Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series and was created by Mark Waid and Grant Morrison.

Hypertime, described in The Kingdom #2 as "the vast interconnected web of parallel time-lines which comprise all reality", was an attempt by Waid to resolve the various tangled continuity issues that were supposed to have been solved by Crisis on Infinite Earths. Keith Dallas and Jason Sacks wrote: "Through Hypertime, Waid sought to resolve the contradictions in DC's continuity once and for all. Indeed, Hypertime allows for contradictions because anything that didn't make sense can be attributed to overlapping timelines".

Separately, in philosophy, hypertime (or supertime) is a concept proposed as part of the moving spotlight theory of time.
Brave Combo
Brave Combo is a polka rock band based in Denton, Texas.  Founded in 1979 by guitarist/keyboardist/accordionist Carl Finch, they have been a prominent fixture in the Texas music scene for more than thirty-five years. Their music, both originals and covers, incorporates a number of dance styles, mostly polka, but also some Latin American and Caribbean styles like norteño, salsa, rumba, cha-cha-cha, choro, samba, two-step, cumbia, charanga, merengue, ska, etc, all performed with a rock/worldbeat energy.

As part of their perceived artistic mission to expand the musical tastes of their listeners, they have often played and recorded covers of well-known songs in a style radically different from the original versions.  Examples include polka versions of Jimi Hendrix's "Purple Haze" and the Doors' "People are Strange", the Rolling Stones' "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" as a cha-cha, and "Sixteen Tons" as a cumbia.

Worldbeat
Worldbeat is a music genre that blends pop music or rock music with world music or traditional music. Worldbeat is similar to other cross-pollination labels of contemporary and roots genres, and which suggest a rhythmic, harmonic or textural contrast and synthesis between its modern and ethnic elements.
White Mercedes
"White Mercedes" is a song by English singer-songwriter Charli XCX. It was released on 23 October 2019 by Asylum and Atlantic UK as the fourth and final single from her third studio album Charli (2019). It was written by Charli XCX and produced by A.G. Cook, Andrew Watt and Happy Perez. The song is an emotional pop ballad about burning through a relationship with her boyfriend and throwing it away. An accompanying music video for the single, directed by Colin Solal Cardo, features Charli interacting with a sports car, a horse and a monster truck, all colored in white.

Happy Perez
Nathan "Happy" Perez is an American record producer, audio engineer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He was first credited on Young Bleed's debut album All I Have in This World, Are... My Balls and My Word in 1998. He co-wrote and produced his first hit song with Baby Bash's 2003 single "Suga Suga", which peaked at number seven  on the US Billboard Hot 100. He has since been credited on releases for Halsey, the Weeknd, Chris Brown, Miley Cyrus, Kehlani, the Kid Laroi, Ludacris, Flo Rida, Mariah Carey, G-Eazy, and Juice Wrld.

Perez has worked extensively with R&B singer Miguel, producing his 2010 sleeper hit "Sure Thing". In 2018, he became acquainted with fellow producer Benny Blanco and co-produced his 2018 single "Eastside", as well as a number of his productions since then. Perez dropped out of high school to make music.
Hale's Regiment of Militia
Hale's Regiment of Militia also known as the 15th New Hampshire Militia Regiment was at Fort Ticonderoga during the spring and summer of 1776 reinforcing the Continental Army garrison. The regiment was again called up on July 21, 1777 at Rindge, New Hampshire for Gen. John Stark's Brigade gathering at Charlestown, New Hampshire during the Saratoga Campaign. On August 16, 1777 Hale's regiment along with Hobart's Regiment and Stickney's Regiment made the main attack on Friedrich Baum's redoubt during the Battle of Bennington as Nichols' attacked from the rear (west) and Simonds' attacked from the south. Hale's Regiment would continue on in Stark's Brigade to cut off British Gen. John Burgoyne from retreat or supply after the Battle of Freeman's Farm. The regiment was also part of Gen. John Sullivan's army at the unsuccessful Battle of Rhode Island in 1778.

Charlestown, New Hampshire
Charlestown is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,806 at the 2020 census, down from 5,114 at the 2010 census. The town is home to Hubbard State Forest and the headquarters of the Student Conservation Association.

The primary village in town, where 1,078 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Charlestown census-designated place (CDP) and is located along New Hampshire Route 12. The town also includes the villages of North Charlestown, South Charlestown and Hemlock Center.
Plagiarism from Wikipedia
Contributors to the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, often referred to as Wikipedians, license their submitted content under a Creative Commons license, which permits re-use as long as attribution is given. However, there have been a number of occasions when persons have failed to give the necessary attribution and attempted to pass off material from Wikipedia as their own work. Such plagiarism is a violation of the Creative Commons license and, when discovered, can be a reason for embarrassment, professional sanctions, or legal issues.

In educational settings, students sometimes copy Wikipedia to fulfill class assignments. A 2011 study by Turnitin found that Wikipedia was the most copied website by both secondary and higher education students.

Wikipedia community
The Wikipedia community, collectively and individually known as Wikipedians, is an online community of volunteers who create and maintain Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. Wikipedians may or may not consider themselves part of the Wikimedia movement, a global network of volunteer contributors to Wikipedia and other related projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Savo dialects
The Savo dialects (also called Savonian dialects or Savo Finnish) (Finnish: Savolaismurteet) are forms of the Finnish language spoken in Savo and other parts of Eastern Finland. Finnish dialects are grouped broadly into Eastern and Western varieties; Savo dialects are of the Eastern variety.

Savo dialects are the most widely distributed Finnish dialect group (setting aside the higher-level east/west split mentioned above). They are spoken in Savo (both North and South Savo), but also in North Karelia, parts of Päijät-Häme, Central Finland, Kainuu, Koillismaa district of Northern Ostrobothnia, the lake section between Southern and Central Ostrobothnia as far north as Evijärvi and in the municipalities of Pudasjärvi and the Southern part of Ranua in Lapland. Also the language spoken by the Forest Finns in Värmland and Norwegian Hedmark of Central Scandinavia belonged to the old Savo dialects. The geographical area the Savo dialects cover makes up one-third the area of Finland.

Central Ostrobothnia
Central Ostrobothnia (Finnish: Keski-Pohjanmaa; Swedish: Mellersta Österbotten) is a region in Finland. Central Ostrobothnia borders the Bothnian Bay and the regions of Ostrobothnia, North Ostrobothnia, Central Finland and South Ostrobothnia. The regional bird of Central Ostrobothnia is the Eurasian skylark, the regional stone is Gneiss, the regional lake is Lake Lestijärvi, the regional fish is European whitefish. The capital and largest city of the region is Kokkola.

Central Ostrobothnia has an area of 6,462.93 km, of which 5,019.98 km² is land area. Central Ostrobothnia, including the sea areas, is the smallest province in mainland Finland in terms of population and total area, and the second smallest province in Finland after Åland. However, if you count the land area alone, Kymenlaakso is smaller than Central Ostrobothnia.
Opinion polling for the next Polish parliamentary election
In the run up to the next Polish parliamentary election in 2027, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Poland. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls are from the previous parliamentary election, held on 15 October 2023, to the day of the next election.

To be represented in parliament, electoral committees which are registered as political parties must reach an electoral threshold of 5%, and those registered as coalitions must reach 8%.

Opinion poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a survey or a poll, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals. A person who conducts polls is referred to as a pollster.
Gary Alter
Gary J. Alter is an American plastic surgeon. His specialties include sex reassignment surgery, genital reconstruction surgery and facial feminization surgery. He appeared in two episodes of the reality television series, Dr. 90210. PRNewswire reported on June 5, 2015 that Dr. Gary J. Alter performed the body work plastic surgery on Caitlyn Jenner. He has a practice in Beverly Hills, CA.

Alter was one of the first physicians with Board Certification by both the American Board of Plastic Surgery and the American Board of Urology. He is an assistant clinical professor of plastic surgery at UCLA School of Medicine. Alter's sub-specialty is in genital plastic surgery, especially genital reconstruction. He has invented many original surgical procedures adopted by other plastic surgeons in the field, including the "Alter Central-Wedge labiaplasty technique".

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
2025 Nunavut general election
The 2025 Nunavut general election was held on October 27, 2025, to return the members of the 7th Nunavut Legislature. Since the adoption of a fixed election date law in 2014, general elections in Nunavut are held in the last Monday of October in the fourth calendar year following the last elections. The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut was dissolved by the commissioner of Nunavut on September 22.

The election recorded a voter turnout of 37%, the lowest in territorial history.

Aggu
Aggu (Inuktitut: ᐊᒡᒍ) is a territorial electoral district (riding) for the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, Canada. The riding consists of part of the community of Igloolik. The district was created prior to the 28 October 2013 general election. The community had been in Amittuq.
Staromustafino
Staromustafino (Russian: Старомустафино; Bashkir: Иҫке Мостафа, İśke Mostafa) is a rural locality (a village) in Azyakovsky Selsoviet, Burayevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 45 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Burayevsky District
Burayevsky District (Russian: Бура́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Борай районы, Boray rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Yanaulsky and Tatyshlinsky Districts in the north, Baltachevsky District in the east, Mishkinsky District in the southeast, Birsky District in the south, Dyurtyulinsky District in the south and southwest, and with Kaltasinsky District in the west. The district is 1,820 square kilometers (700 sq mi). Its administrative center is in a rural locality (a selo) of Burayevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,154, with the population of Burayevo accounting for 37.9% of that number.
The Battle of Trafalgar (Stanfield)
The Battle of Trafalgar is an 1836 history painting by the British artist Clarkson Stanfield. It depicts the 1805 naval Battle of Trafalgar in which the Royal Navy led by Horatio Nelson defeated a combined Franco-Spanish fleet during the Napoleonic Wars. The painting was commissioned by the United Service Club and represented a major milestone in Clarkson's career.

The work was exhibited at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition in 1836. An engraving based on Stanfield's work was produced by William Miller, a copy of which is held by the National Maritime Museum.

National Maritime Museum
The National Maritime Museum (NMM) is a maritime museum in Greenwich, London. It is part of Royal Museums Greenwich, a network of museums in the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site. Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, it has no general admission charge; there are admission charges for most side-gallery temporary exhibitions, usually supplemented by many loaned works from other museums.
Omar Núñez
Omar Yasser Núñez Munguía is an Olympic swimmer from Nicaragua. He swam for Nicaragua at the:

Olympics: 2008, 2012

World Championships: 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011

Pan American Games: 2003, 2007, 2011

Central American and Caribbean Games: 2002,2006

Short Course Worlds: 2008, 2010

Central American Sports Games: 1997,2001,2006 (Silver and bronze medals),2010

Nicaragua at the 2011 Pan American Games
Nicaragua competed at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico from October 14 to 30, 2011. Nicaragua's contingent was made up of 50 people including 31 athletes competing in 11 different sports. The Chef de mission of the team was Eduardo Abdullah.
Peter Keeley (screenwriter)
Peter Keeley (born 1983 in Crumpsall Hospital) is a British screenwriter and author. He is the creator of the television series I'm with Stupid, which aired on BBC Three, and for his book series The London Road Mysteries.

North Manchester General Hospital
North Manchester General Hospital (NMGH) is a large NHS hospital in Crumpsall, North Manchester, England. It is operated by Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust. There is an accident and emergency unit, together with a maternity unit, high dependency unit and a mental health wing.  A plan to rebuild the hospital was announced by Boris Johnson in the 2019 General Election campaign, and in November 2020 a £54 million funding bid for improvement works was made by the Trust, Manchester City Council, and Manchester Health and Care Commissioning.
Sophonisba
Sophonisba (Punic: 𐤑𐤐𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋‎, romanized: Ṣaponi-Baʿal, lit. 'May Baʿal watch over me!'; fl. 206 - 203 BC) was a Carthaginian noblewoman who lived during the Second Punic War, and the daughter of Hasdrubal Gisco. She held influence over the Numidian political landscape, convincing king Syphax to change sides during the war, and later, in an act that became legendary, she poisoned herself rather than be humiliated in a Roman triumph.

Noblewoman
A noblewoman is a female member of nobility. Historically, while some women were ennobled in their own right, many noblewomen held their status through birth or marriage. Noblewomen have performed political, religious and cultural roles, served as patrons of the arts, and, in certain periods, exercised influence in warfare and governance.
Ernest "Big" Crawford
Ernest "Big" Crawford (July 31, 1897 – March, 1956, Memphis, Tennessee) was an American blues double bassist.  He played with Muddy Waters, Sunnyland Slim, Little Walter, Memphis Minnie, Jimmy Rogers, Big Maceo, Big Bill Broonzy, Washboard Sam, Memphis Slim, and Mahalia Jackson.

In 2015 the Killer Blues Headstone Project placed a headstone for Ernest Crawford at Fern Oak Cemetery in Griffith, Indiana.

Big Bill Broonzy
Big Bill Broonzy (born Lee Conley Bradley; June 26, 1893 or 1903 – August 14, 1958), later known as William Lee Broonzy, was an American blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. His career began in the 1920s, when he played country music to mostly African-American audiences. In the 1930s and 1940s, he navigated a change in style to a more urban blues sound popular with working-class black audiences. In the 1950s, a return to his traditional folk-blues roots made him one of the leading figures of the emerging American folk music revival and an international star. His long and varied career marks him as one of the key figures in the development of blues music in the 20th century.

Broonzy copyrighted more than 300 songs, including adaptations of traditional folk songs and original blues songs. As a blues composer, he was unique in writing songs that reflected his rural-to-urban experiences.
Pollen core
A pollen core is a core sample of a medium containing a stratigraphic sequence of pollen.  Analysis of the type and frequency of the pollen in each layer is used to study changes in climate or land use using regional vegetation as a proxy.  This analysis is conceptually comparable to the study of ice cores.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.