hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claire Kelly Schultz
Claire Kelly Schultz (November 17, 1924 - May 28, 2015) was an American computer consultant and academic. She was a leading figure in the early development of automated information retrieval systems and information science. A "documentalist", she was particularly known for her work in thesaurus construction and machine-aided indexing, innovating techniques for punch card information retrieval.

While working as a librarian at the Merck, Sharp and Dohme chemical company she "developed a machine-sorted card system that employed Boolean retrieval logic. Her first use of punched cards in 1949 used the Mooers Zator system." This has been seen as a "transitional role of such punched-card systems toward later use of computers for information retrieval".

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Gaṅgeśa
Gaṅgeśa (Sanskrit: गङ्गेश / Gaṅgeśa ) (first half of the 14th century) was an Indian philosopher, logician and mathematician from the kingdom of Mithila. He established the Navya-Nyāya ("New Logic") school. His Tattvachintāmaṇi (The Jewel of Thought on the Nature of  Things), also known as Pramāṇacintāmaṇi (The Jewel of Thought on the Means of Valid Knowledge), is the basic text for all later developments. The logicians of this school were primarily interested in defining their terms and concepts related to non-binary logical categories.

History of the Mithila region
Mithila (IAST: mithilā, also known as Mithilanchal, Tirhut and Tirabhukti) is a geographical and cultural region located in the Indian subcontinent. The native language is known as Maithili and its speakers are referred to as Maithils.
The majority of the Mithila region falls within modern-day India.
Mithila is bounded in the north by the Himalayas, and in the south, west and east by the Ganges, Gandaki and Mahananda respectively. It extends into the southeastern Terai of Nepal.
This region was also called Tirabhukti, the ancient name of Tirhut.
Oscar Schleyer
Óscar Juan Edgardo Schleyer Springmuller (22 June 1920–29 January 1992) was a Chilean agricultural engineer, farmer, and politician, member of the National Party.

He served as Deputy for the 21st Departamental Group during the XLVI Legislative Period (1969–1973).

National Party (Chile, 1966)
The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional, PN) was a Chilean political party formed in 1966 by the union of the United Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and the National Action (founded in 1963 by Jorge Prat Echaurren, who had been Minister of Finances in 1954 in Carlos Ibáñez del Campo's cabinet).

The PN represented the right-wing of the Chilean political spectrum, against the centrist Christian Democratic Party and the leftist coalition Popular Unity.

The party supported the Pinochet coup of 11 September 1973 and dissolved itself in the same year.
Adolf Humborg
Adolf Humborg (January 18, 1847 Oraviţa - April 14, 1921 Munich) was an Austrian painter.  Humborg studied at the Art Academy in Vienna between 1867 and 1872. He then completed his studies at the Academy of Arts in Munich, where he attended the class of professor Alexander von Wagner (1838-1904).

Humborg specialized in painting scenes of monastic life and was renowned for his depictions of monks in humorous situations. The Glaspalast in Munich frequently exhibited his work between 1879 and 1911. Based on his success there, Humborg became a permanent resident of Munich in 1913.  He also exhibited in London, where he was awarded the silver medal in 1893 and the bronze medal in 1894 for his work.

Glaspalast (Munich)
The Glaspalast (Glass Palace) was a glass and iron exhibition building located in the Old botanical garden in Munich modeled after the Crystal Palace in London. The Glaspalast opened for the first General German Industrial Exhibition on 15 July 1854.
Krasna Wieś
Krasna Wieś [ˈkrasna ˈvʲɛɕ] (Belarusian: Краснае Сяло, Podlachian; Krásne Sełó, West Polesian: Красне Село) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boćki, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

Poland's sole Seventh-Day Adventist cemetery is located in the village.

According to the 1921 census, the village was inhabited by 352 people, among whom 60 were Roman Catholic, 273 Orthodox, 12 Jewish and 7 different. At the same time, 350 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 2 Belarusian. There were 69 residential buildings in the village.

1921 Polish census
The Polish census of 1921 or First General Census in Poland (Polish: Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Ludności) was the first census in the Second Polish Republic, performed on September 30, 1921, by the Main Bureau of Statistics (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). It was followed by the Polish census of 1931.
Yoshihiro Fujita (wrestler)
Yoshihiro Fujita (藤田 芳弘, Fujita Yoshihiro; born April 12, 1952) is a retired Japanese Greco-Roman wrestler. He won a silver medal at the 1974 Asian Games and finished in seventh place at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

1974 Asian Games
The 7th Asian Games (Persian: بازی‌های آسیایی VII), also known as Tehran 1974 (Persian: تهران ۱۹۷۴), were held from 1 to 16 September 1974 in Tehran, Iran. The Aryamehr Sports Complex was built for the Games. This marked the first time the Asian Games were hosted in the Middle East. Tehran, the capital of Iran, played host to 3,010 athletes coming from 25 countries/NOCs, the highest number of participants since the inception of the Games.

Fencing, gymnastics and women's basketball were added to the existing disciplines. The games were known for the use of state-of-the-art technology, from synthetic track to photo-finish cameras.
Arnold Motorsports
Arnold Motorsports was a NASCAR Nextel Cup Series team operated by Don Arnold, owner of Arnold Development Companies and Arnold & Arnold Real Estate. 1983 Winston Cup champion Bobby Allison was the Vice President of operations and also served as a consultant. From 2004 to 2005, the team formed a partnership with then-Craftsman Truck Series team Germain Racing as Germain-Arnold Racing, although Germain fielded Toyota Tundras in the Truck Series while the Cup Series team fielded Dodges.

Toyota Tundra
The Toyota Tundra (Japanese: トヨタ・タンドラ, Hepburn: Toyota Tandora) is a full-size pickup truck manufactured in the United States by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since May 1999. The Tundra was the second full-size pickup to be built by a Japanese manufacturer (the first was the Toyota T100), but the Tundra was the first full-size pickup from a Japanese manufacturer to be built in North America. The Tundra was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award and was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year in 2000 and 2008. Initially built in a new Toyota plant in Princeton, Indiana, production was consolidated in 2008 to Toyota's San Antonio, Texas, factory.
Laubin
Laubin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Laubin (1906–1976), American oboist and founder of A. Laubin

Carl Laubin (born 1947), American-British painter who specializes in architectural painting

Reginald Laubin (1903–2000), American writer, dancer, and expert on Native American culture and customs

Carl Laubin
Carl Laubin (born in 1947) is an American-British painter who specializes in architectural painting. He studied architecture and worked for architectural firms in London before he became a full-time painter in 1988. In the 1980s and 1990s, he made oil paintings that were used as architectural illustrations, notably for proposed buildings and redevelopments by Jeremy Dixon, Léon Krier and John Simpson.

As an independent painter, Laubin is known for his capricci in oil, depicting real and imaginary buildings. He has painted groups of buildings by individual architects composed into imaginary cities. Laubin received the Arthur Ross Prize for Fine Art in 2017 and the Henry Hope Reed Award in 2019.
Battle of Kaliabor
The Battle of Kaliabor, also known as Battle of Kaliabar, was a riverine naval battle fought between the Mughal Empire, under the command of its general Mir Jumla II, and the Ahom Kingdom, under the command of  Bargohain. The battle was fought on March 3, 1662 near  Kaliabor, on the Brahmaputra River situated in modern-day Assam state.

Mir Jumla II
Mir Jumla II (12 February 1591 – 30 March 1663), or Amir Jumla, also known as Ardistānī Mir Muhammad, was a military general, wealthy diamond trader, a Vizier of Golconda sultanate, and later a prominent subahdar of Bengal under the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

Mir Jumla was a powerful politician that played important role in northern and Peninsular region of India during the reign of Shah Jahan to Aurangzeb, where he encountered multiple European nation companies interest in India, such as Danish East India Company, East India Company, Dutch East India Company, and Portuguese East India Company.

He commanded the vast merchant fleets enterprise which sailed throughout Surat, Thatta, Arakan, Ayuthya, Balasore, Aceh, Melaka, Johore, Bantam, Makassar, Ceylon, Bandar Abbas, Mecca, Jeddah, Basra, Aden, Masqat, Mocha and the Maldives. The most important aspect of Mir Jumla's rule in Bengal was his northeastern frontier military campaign against Koch Bihar and the Ahom kingdom.
Joel Johnson (athlete)
Joel Johnson (born September 8, 2000) is a Bahamian sprinter who mainly competes in the 100m and 200m. He broke the Junior National Record for the 100m with a 10.31 (+1.1w) run to win the 2018 CARIFTA Games in front of home crowd. He helped his high school St. Augustine's College win their 28th Track and Field title at the B.A.I.S.S Track and Field Championships. He broke his own Junior National record in 2019 running a time of 10.19 (+0.4)

Johnson is currently serving a four year competition ban set to end in April 2028 for an anti-doping rule violation after testing positive for stanozolol and methenolone in March 2024.

CARIFTA Games
The CARIFTA Games is an annual athletics competition founded by the Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA). The games were first held in 1972 and consist of track and field events including sprint races, hurdles, middle distance track events, jumping and throwing events, and relays. The Games has two age categories: under-17 (under-18 until 2017) and under-20. Only countries associated with CARIFTA may compete in the competition.
Timothy Earl
Colonel Timothy James Earl, OBE was Private Secretary to the Princess Royal between 1999 and 2002.  He was educated at Brentwood School and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst.

Commissioned into The Life Guards in 1964, he was promoted major in 1976, and was later Commanding Officer of The Life Guards. He was promoted to colonel in 1988 and attended the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1989.

He retired from the British Army in 1993 and became Secretary of the Government Hospitality Fund.

In 1999 he joined the Office of the Princess Royal.

The Household of The Princess Royal provides the administrative support to  The Princess Royal, daughter of Queen Elizabeth II. It is based at Buckingham Palace, and is headed by the Private Secretary.

The Household is separate from the Royal Household and is funded from the Civil List annuity paid to The Princess Royal for her public duties - which is however reimbursed to HM Treasury by The King.

Colonel Earl was made an OBE in 2000.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
The 'Nam
The 'Nam is a war comic book series detailing the U.S. war in Vietnam from the perspective of active-duty soldiers involved in the conflict. It was initially written by Doug Murray, illustrated by Michael Golden and edited by Larry Hama, and was published by Marvel Comics for seven years beginning in 1986, which was intended to roughly parallel the analogous events of the period of major American military involvement in Vietnam from 1965 to 1973.

Ongoing series
In comics, an ongoing series is a series that runs indefinitely. This is in contrast to limited series (a series intended to end after a certain number of issues thus limited), a one shot (a comic book which is not a part of an ongoing series), a graphic novel, or a trade paperback, but a series of graphic novels may be considered ongoing as well. The term may also informally refer to a current or incomplete limited series with a predetermined number of issues.
Zaisho
Zaisho is the name of a stony-iron pallasite meteorite whose fall in Japan in February 1898 was recorded by observers on the ground. Zaisho made landfall in the city of Kami, located in the prefecture of Kōchi on Shikoku Island. Zaisho weighs approximately 0.33kg (12oz) and exhibits a rare composition of primarily iron rich phosphoran olivine, and pyroxene. Zaisho also contains traces of stanfieldite,  farringtonite, troilite, schreibersite, chromite, and mg-phosphate, albeit in smaller amounts. Notably, Zaisho is also one of two confirmed meteorite landings to take place on the island of Shikoku, and as of 2019 it remains one of only four known pallasite falls, along with Marjalahti, Mineo and Omolon. Currently, access to Zaisho is not available to the public as the main mass of the meteorite is being held in a private collection.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Neil Austin (lighting designer)
Neil Austin is an English lighting designer. He has been nominated for nine and won two Olivier Awards, and won three Tony Awards from six nominations for his work on plays and musicals in London and New York. Neil is the lighting designer for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child for which he has received global acclaim, including the Olivier, Tony, Drama Desk, Helpmann, Outer Critics Circle, Dora Mavor, and WhatsOnStage Awards for best lighting design.

Neil studied Technical Theatre at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and was made a Fellow in 2008. Variety named him a Pacesetter on the London Arts Scene in 2007, and an Artisan Elite in 2019.

Dora Mavor Moore Awards
The Dora Mavor Moore Awards (also known as the Dora Awards or the Doras) are awards presented annually by the Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA), honouring theatre, dance and opera productions in Toronto. Named after Dora Mavor Moore, who helped establish Canadian professional theatre, the awards program was established on December 13, 1978, with the first awards held in 1980. Each winner receives a bronze statue made from the original by John Romano.
Coleophora asperginella
Coleophora asperginella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkestan and southern Russia. It occurs in desert biotopes.

Adults are on wing in August.

The larvae feed on Climacopiera species and Corispermum aralo-caspicum. Larvae can be found from May to June.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.
Madonna Soctomah
Madonna M. Soctomah is a Passamaquoddy politician from Maine. Soctomah represented the Passamaquoddy people as a non-voting tribal representative in the Maine House of Representatives. She has been elected by her people to four two-year terms (2000, 2002, 2010, 2012).

Soctomah has been a persistent advocate for a Passamaquoddy-owned casino in Maine. During her first term in the House of Representatives, Soctomah introduced a bill allowing her tribe to operate a casino. In 2012, Soctomah again introduced a bill to create a gaming facility in Washington County.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Gs 13
Gästrikland Runic Inscription 13 or Gs 13 is a runestone carved on red sandstone located in a church in Gävle, Gästrikland. It was carved in the 11th century by the runemaster Åsmund Kåresson.

The place name Tafeistaland (modern Swedish: Tavastland) in the inscription refers to a geographical region in Finland. The runic text for three consecutive words follows the rule that two consecutive identical letters are represented by a single rune, even when the two identical letters are at the end of one word and the start of a second word. When the text shown as Latin characters, the transliterated runes are doubled and separate words are shown. The rune sequence honsalukuþ is shown in the inscription below as hons| |salu| |uk| |kuþ(s) by doubling the s-, u-, and k-runes and separating the three words.

Kaunan
The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning "ulcer". The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is *Kauną. It is also  known as Kenaz ("torch"), based on its Anglo-Saxon name.

The Elder Futhark shape is likely directly based on Old Italic c (, 𐌂) and on Latin C. The Younger Futhark and Anglo-Saxon Futhorc shapes have parallels in Old Italic shapes of k (, 𐌊) and Latin K (compare the Negau helmet inscription). The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌺 k, called kusma.

The shape of the Younger Futhark kaun rune (ᚴ) is identical to that of the "bookhand" s rune in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc.
The ᚴ rune also occurs in some continental runic inscriptions. It has been suggested that in these instances, it represents the ch /χ/ sound resulting from the Old High German sound shift  (e.g. ᛖᛚᚴ elch in Nordendorf II).
Low Landing, Nova Scotia
Low Landing is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Region of Queens Municipality.

Low Landing is on the northern shore of Lake Rossignol.  This was, at one time, a summer community where residents of Caledonia, Nova Scotia and other nearby areas would go for the hot summer months.  However, when the lake was raised in 1929, the summer community was submerged and usage of the area was abandoned.

Region of Queens Municipality
The Region of Queens Municipality is a regional municipality in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the northern gateway of the UNESCO Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve, a centre of outdoor activities. Campgrounds at Kejimukujik National Park and National Historic Site, Thomas H. Raddall Provincial Park, and several other locations offer hiking, biking, canoeing, kayaking, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing. Its seacoast and inland areas are popular photo locations.
Milky Way (Antarctica)
The Milky Way is a col (a gap between two mountain peaks) situated between the southernmost extremity of the LeMay Range and the Planet Heights mountain range, in the eastern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It is the highest point on a possible sledging route between Jupiter Glacier and Uranus Glacier. The col was first mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. It was named after the Milky Way by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with the nearby Planet Heights and the glaciers which are named for the planets of the Solar System.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Salo Mountain
Salo Mountain (12,255 feet (3,735 m)) is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. The peak is one of the tallest in the Beartooth Mountains and is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness in Custer National Forest. The peak is unofficially named and lies immediately northwest of Castle Rock Glacier.

Castle Rock Glacier
Castle Rock Glacier is in the U.S. state of Montana. The glacier is situated south of Castle Rock Mountain in the Beartooth Mountains. The glacier terminus is a proglacial lake and the glacier extends from 11,700 to 11,000 ft (3,600 to 3,400 m).