hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toby Meltzer
Toby R. Meltzer (born September 19, 1957) is an American plastic and reconstructive surgeon. Meltzer specializes in sex reassignment surgery male-to-female, sex reassignment surgery female-to-male, and facial feminization surgery.  In the 1990s, Meltzer pioneered the neovaginal construction technique that increased the ability of the neoclitoris to feel sensations. According to his website, Meltzer performs 2-4 vaginoplasties a week, and that he has performed over 3000 male and female sexual reassignment (SRS) surgeries. Joan Roughgarden called Meltzer one of the leading surgeons in this specialized field. He practices in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Masculinizing surgery
Masculinizing gender-affirming surgery for transgender men and transmasculine non-binary people includes a variety of surgical procedures that alter anatomical traits to provide physical traits more aligned to the trans man's identity and desired functioning.

Often used to refer to phalloplasty, metoidoplasty, or vaginectomy, sex reassignment surgery can also more broadly refer to many procedures an individual may have, such as chest reconstruction, hysterectomy, or oophorectomy.

Gender-affirming surgery may be preceded by hormone treatment with testosterone.
München-Nürnberg-Express
The München-Nürnberg-Express (literally: Munich-Nuremberg Express) is a RegionalExpress train service in the southern German state of Bavaria, connecting the two main cities of the state, Munich and Nuremberg. With its maximum speed of 200 km/h  (125 mph), the train is currently (as of 2011) the fastest regional train service in Germany. The train was formerly known under the project name FRESH, expanding to FRanken-Express über die Schnellfahrstrecke in die LandesHauptstadt (FRanconia Express via the High speed line to the state Capital).

Regional-Express
In Germany, Luxembourg, Austria and Slovakia,  the  Regional-Express (pronounced [ʁeɡi̯oˈnaːlʔɛksˌpʁɛs] ⓘ; RE, or in Austria and Slovakia: REX) is a type of regional train. It is similar to a semi-fast train, with a top speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) and an average speed of about 70–90 km/h (45–55 mph) as it calls at fewer stations than Regionalbahn (in Austria: Regionalzug) or S-Bahn trains, but stops more often than Intercity or Intercity Express services.
HMCS Hunter
HMCS Hunter is a Canadian Forces Naval Reserve Division (NRD) located in Windsor, Ontario. Dubbed a stone frigate, HMCS Hunter is a land-based naval training establishment crewed by part-time sailors and also serves as a local recruitment centre for the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve. It is one of 24 naval reserve divisions located in major cities across Canada.

Chatham-Kent
Chatham-Kent (2021 population: 103,988) is a single-tier municipality in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is mostly rural, and its population centres are Chatham, Wallaceburg, Tilbury, Blenheim, Ridgetown, Wheatley and Dresden. The current Municipality of Chatham-Kent was created in 1998 by the amalgamation of Blenheim, Bothwell, Camden, the City of Chatham, the Township of Chatham, Dover, Dresden, Erie Beach, Erieau, Harwich, Highgate, Howard, Orford, Raleigh, Ridgetown, Romney, Thamesville, Tilbury East, Tilbury, Wallaceburg, Wheatley and Zone.

The Chatham-Kent census division, which includes the independent Delaware Nation at Moraviantown First Nation, had a population of 104,316 in the 2021 census.
Sophonias (commentator)
Sophonias (Greek: Σοφονίας; fl. 13th–14th century) was a Byzantine monk who wrote commentaries or paraphrases of the works of Aristotle including De Anima, Sophistici Elenchi, Prior Analytics, and the Parva Naturalia, which are still extant. Little is known about Sophonias, except that he was probably the monk sent by Michael IX Palaiologos on an abortive mission to arrange a marriage between Michael and a western princess around 1295.

Sophistical Refutations
Sophistical Refutations (Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι, romanized: Sophistikoi Elenchoi; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified twelve or thirteen fallacies. According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece (Soph. Ref., 34, 183b34 ff.). In it, he attempts to develop a pattern of sound and genuine reasoning in opposition to the deceptive or misleading "art of sophistry".
Kōshōji Kofun
The Kōshōji Kofun (光正寺古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Kōshōji neighborhood of the town of Umi, Fukuoka Prefecture Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1975.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Viljo Leskinen
Viljo Armas Antero Leskinen (16 December 1909 – 16 November 1945) was a Finnish sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1936 Summer Olympics. In November 1945, Leskinen shot and killed a woman in a dispute and then committed suicide.

Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone
The men's 50 metre rifle, prone was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 8 August 1936 at the shooting ranges at Wannsee. 66 shooters from 25 nations competed.
Berendt
Berendt is a surname, a variant of Behrendt. Notable people with the surname include:

Georg Karl Berendt (1790–1850), German physician and paleontologist

Joachim-Ernst Berendt (1922–2000), German jazz journalist

Johannes Berendt (born 1981), German syndicated columnist

John Berendt (born 1939), American author

Jorge Berendt (born 1964), Argentine golfer

Nicolai Berendt (1826–1889), Danish pianist and composer

Paul Berendt, chairman of the Washington State Democratic Party, 1995-2006

Georg Karl Berendt
Georg Karl (or Carl) Berendt (13 July 1790 – 4 January 1850) was a German physician and paleontologist who was a native of Danzig.

He studied medicine and botany at the University of Königsberg, and from 1814 practiced medicine in Danzig. He is remembered for his large collection of amber inclusions, which amounted to 4,216 specimens of plants, insects, arachnids, myriapods, and more. His collection is now housed at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.

With paleobotanist Heinrich Göppert (1800–1884), he published a work on botanical amber inclusions titled Der Bernstein und die in ihm befindlichen Pflanzenreste der Vorwelt (1845). In 1854 entomologist Carl Ludwig Koch (1778–1857) published the treatise Die im Bernstein befindlichen Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt, based on material from Berendt's amber collection.

He was  the father of Karl Hermann Berendt.
1969 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The African Cup of Champions Clubs 1969 was the 5th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CAF region (Africa), the African Cup of Champions Clubs. It determined that year's club champion of association football in Africa.

The tournament was played by 20 teams and used a knock-out format with ties played home and away. Ismaily SC from United Arab Republic won the final, and became CAF club champion for the first time, beating Congo-Kinshasa's TP Englebert, who made their third final in a row.

United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; Arabic: الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, romanized: al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya al-Muttaḥida) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 to 1971. It was initially a short-lived political union between Egypt (including Egyptian-governed Gaza) and Syria from 1958 until Syria seceded from the union following the 1961 Syrian coup d'état. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic until it was formally dissolved by Anwar Sadat in September 1971.

The republic was led by Gamal Abdel Nasser as the Egyptian president. The UAR was a member of the United Arab States, a loose confederation with the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, which was dissolved in 1961. It was a brief pan-Arab union.
Cartoon Noir
Cartoon Noir is a 1999 feature-length anthology film consisting of six animated short subjects from five countries.  The short films brought together for this anthology were Gentle Spirit (1987) by Piotr Dumała, Club of the Laid Off (1989) by Jiří Barta, Abductees (1995) from England’s Paul Vester, The Story of the Cat and the Moon (1995) from Portuguese animator Pedro Serrazina, and a pair of shorts from American filmmakers: Suzan Pitt's Joy Street (1996) and Julie Zammarchi's Ape (1992).

Cartoon Noir was released on DVD in 2000.

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
2013 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11
The 2013 Tour de France was the 100th Tour de France. It ran from 29 June 2013 to 21 July 2013, starting in the city of Porto-Vecchio in Corsica, with the island hosting the first three stages. Corsica was the only Metropolitan region, and Corse-du-Sud and Haute-Corse were the only Metropolitan departments, through which the Tour had never previously passed and the organisers wanted to combine the 100th edition of the Tour with the Tour's first ever visit to Corsica.

The opening stage was a standard road stage rather than the more usual Individual time trial or "Prologue".

To accommodate the tour entourage during their stay in Corsica, the organisers chartered the Mega Smeralda cruiseferry to house members of the organisation, media and others who work on the Tour and to host press conferences, although the riders stayed in hotels in and around Porto-Vecchio.

Sojasun (cycling team)
Sojasun was a French cycling team registered at UCI Professional Continental level. They were founded in 2009 as Besson Chaussures-Sojasun. The team rode BH bicycles. Their sponsor Sojasun is a company which manufactures soya-based foods.

In 2012, the team received a wildcard invitation to the Tour de France, along with three other French-registered teams.

The professional cycling team Sojasun will not be present in the professional peloton in 2014, after the team was unable to find a new title sponsor.
Harz-Heide Road
The Harz-Heide Road is a road that runs over the Harz mountains in Germany through heath (German: Heide) landscape and which is known for its scenery.

It runs from Göttingen along the B 27 and B 446 federal highways to Duderstadt and Herzberg. From there it continues on the B 27 to Bad Lauterberg and Braunlage. It then follows the B 4 through Bad Harzburg, Vienenburg, Wolfenbüttel, Braunschweig, Gifhorn and Uelzen to the town of Lüneburg.

Duderstadt
Duderstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈduːdɐˌʃtat] ⓘ) is a city in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, located in the district  of Göttingen.

It is the centre and the capital of the northern part of the Eichsfeld ("Untereichsfeld"). It was once the private wealth of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Mainz.

The earliest documentary mention of Duderstadt was in 929 AD, and the city celebrates its anniversaries counting from that year.

It is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.
Anne-Marie Olivier
Anne-Marie Olivier (born 1973) is a Canadian stage actress and playwright from Quebec, who won the Governor General's Award for French-language drama for her play Venir au monde at the 2018 Governor General's Awards.

The artistic director of Théâtre Le Trident, she was named Artist of the Year for 2018 by Le Soleil and the Société Radio-Canada.

Le Soleil (Quebec)
Le Soleil (The Sun) is a French-language daily newspaper in Quebec City, Quebec. It was founded on December 28, 1896. It is distributed mainly in Quebec City; however, it is also for sale at newsstands in Ottawa, Montreal, New Brunswick and some places in Florida, where many Quebecers spend the winter. It has been owned by several media groups but is now a worker cooperative and is a member of the CN2i network.

Le Soleil was published first as a broadsheet, then in compact format since April 2006. It ceased its print edition in 2023 and is now a fully digital publication.
Ibrahim Demiralay
Ibrahim Demiralay (born; Hafız İbrahim Efendi; 1883 – 29 March 1939) was a Turkish politician and military leader, known for his role in the Turkish War of Independence. He served as a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from 1920 until his death in 1939, representing Isparta in five consecutive terms. While it is widely accepted that he took office in the first assembly in 1920 and died in 1939, some sources that he may have been elected from the second term to the sixth, covering the period from 1923 to 1943.

He served as one of the first deputies of Isparta in the Republic of Turkey and was re-elected to the assembly in the sixth parliamentary term. However, he died before taking office. He also served as a member of the Court of First Instance.

Isparta (electoral district)
Isparta is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects four members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.
Rietveld, Woerden
Rietveld is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Woerden, and lies about 3 km west of Woerden.

Rietveld was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1964, when it became part of Woerden. During that time, it was part of the province South Holland.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1156 as Retfelt, and means "field with reed". There are no place name signs. In 1840, Rietveld was home to 235 people.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
The Jockey Club Live
The Jockey Club Live is a live music promoter company, who work alongside The Jockey Club (the largest racecourse group in the UK) to produce large scale outdoor concerts at major racecourses.

The Jockey Club Live was founded by Andrew Wilkinson and Simon Halden, who previously worked on tours for acts such as The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd, Robbie Williams and Kylie Minogue.

Since The Jockey Club Live launched in 2014 it has promoted over 170 concerts with a combined attendance of over 1.5 million, and was revealed by Music Week as the UK’s 6th largest music promoter.

Jockey Club
The Jockey Club is one of the largest commercial horse racing organisation in the United Kingdom. It owns 15 of Britain's famous racecourses, including Aintree, Cheltenham, Epsom Downs and both the Rowley Mile and July Course in Newmarket, amongst other horse racing assets such as the National Stud, and the property and land management company, Jockey Club Estates. The registered charity Racing Welfare is also a company limited by guarantee with the Jockey Club being the sole member. As it is governed by Royal Charter, all profits it makes are reinvested back into the sport.

Formerly the regulator for the sport ("Newmarket Rules"), the Jockey Club's responsibilities were transferred to the Horseracing Regulatory Authority (now the British Horseracing Authority) in 2006.
Pakrac
Pakrac is a town in western Slavonia, Croatia, population 4,151, total municipality population 7,086 (census 2021). Pakrac is located on the road and railroad connecting the regions of Posavina and Podravina.

Podravina
Podravina (in Croatian) or Podravje (in Slovenian) are Slavic names for the Drava river basin in northern Croatia and Slovenia. Both names combine the hydronym with the South Slavic prefix "po-", meaning "alongside" or "after".
Ifan Phillips
Ifan Phillips (born 29 January 1996) is a Welsh rugby union player who played for the Ospreys as a hooker. He is a Wales under-20 international and was part of the squad that achieved the Grand Slam in the 2016 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.

Phillips made his debut for the Ospreys in 2017 having previously played for the club's academy, Carmarthen Quins and Neath RFC.

Phillips was involved in a serious motorbike accident in December 2021, as a result of which one of his legs was amputated, effectively ending his rugby career. Since retiring from playing rugby, Phillips has worked as a pundit and commentator as well as coaching for his former junior club side Crymych RFC.

A Welsh-language TV documentary following Phillips' recovery and rehabilitation after the accident, Y Cam Nesaf, won the award for best sports documentary at the 2024 RTS Wales Awards.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Bill Thomas (Australian politician)
William Ian Thomas (born 18 September 1950) is a former Australian politician.

He was born in Perth and was a union official and ministerial officer before entering politics. In 1986 he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Welshpool, moving to Cockburn in 1989. From 1986 to 1989 he was Deputy Government Whip, and from 1989 to 1992 he was Parliamentary Secretary to the Cabinet. Following Labor's defeat in 1993 he was promoted to the front bench as Shadow Minister for Water Resources, Science and Technology and Energy, but he stepped down from the front bench in 1999 and retired from politics in 2001.

Electoral district of Cockburn
Cockburn is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.

The district is based in Perth's south-western suburbs. Politically, it is a safe Labor seat.
Jerry McCormick
James J. McCormick  (December 31, 1861 – September 11, 1905) was an American third baseman in Major League Baseball for the 1883 Baltimore Orioles of the American Association and the 1884 Philadelphia Keystones and Washington Nationals of the Union Association.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".
Charles Amos Cummings
Charles Amos Cummings (June 26, 1833 – August 11, 1905) was a nineteenth-century American architect and architectural historian who worked primarily in the Venetian Gothic style. Cummings followed the precepts of British cultural theorist and architectural critic John Ruskin (1819–1900). Cummings help to found the Boston Society of Architects in 1867.

Topsfield, Massachusetts
United States portal

Topsfield is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,569 at the 2020 census. Topsfield is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Topsfield.
Erythricium salmonicolor
Erythricium salmonicolor is a species of fungus in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps are effused, corticioid, smooth, and pinkish and grow on wood. The fungus is a commercially significant plant pathogen which has become a serious problem, especially in Brazil. Erythricium salmonicolor causes Pink Disease, most commonly in Citrus, although E. salmonicolor has a wide host range including rubber and cacao trees. Pink Disease causes branch and stem die-back due to canker formation. The cankers are recognizable by gum exudation and longitudinal splitting of the bark.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Violin Sonata in F major (Mendelssohn, 1838)
The Violin Sonata (No. 3) in F major, MWV Q 26, was composed in 1838 by Felix Mendelssohn, but remained unpublished during the composer's lifetime. It remained so until 1953 when violinist Yehudi Menuhin arranged it for publication.

Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin (22 April 1916 – 12 March 1999), was an American-born British violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century.