hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Santa Veracruz Church, Mexico City
The Santa Veracruz Monastery in the historic center of Mexico City is one of the oldest religious establishments in Mexico City and was the third most important church in the area in the 16th century. It was established by a religious brotherhood founded by Hernán Cortés.

The parish church was originally built in 1586, but this building was replaced in the 18th century to the one standing today. The former monastery building and hospital now house the Franz Mayer Museum, but the church still maintains its original function. Most of its interior decorations are gone, but it is still home to two important images, the Christ of the Seven Veils and the Virgin of the Remedies (also called La Gachupina).

The church is located on the east side of the Plaza of Santa Veracruz, between 2 de Abril and Valeriano Trijillo Streets facing Hidalgo Street and the Alameda Central .

The church was significantly damaged by the 2017 Mexico City earthquake, and by two fires in 2020.

Alameda Central
Alameda Central is a public urban park in downtown Mexico City. Established in 1592,  Alameda Central is the oldest public park in the Americas. Located in Cuauhtémoc borough between Juárez Avenue and Hidalgo Avenue, the park is adjacent to the Palacio de Bellas Artes  and can be accessed by Metro Bellas Artes.
Microturbine
A microturbine (MT) is a small gas turbine with similar cycles and components to a heavy gas turbine. The MT power-to-weight ratio is better than a heavy gas turbine because the reduction of turbine diameters causes an increase in shaft rotational speed. Heavy gas turbine generators are too large and too expensive for distributed power applications, so MTs are developed for small-scale power like electrical power generation alone or as combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. The MT are 25 to 250 kW (34 to 335 hp) gas turbines evolved from piston engine turbochargers, aircraft auxiliary power units (APU) or small jet engines, the size of a refrigerator.
Early turbines of 30–70 kW (40–94 hp) grew to 200–250 kW (270–340 hp).

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
Rayson
Rayson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Rayson Huang, CBE (1920–2015), chemist

Anthony Rayson, American anarchist activist and author

Arthur Rayson (1898–1970), Australian rules footballer

Hannie Rayson (born 1957), Australian playwright

John Rayson (born 1949), Broward County, Florida attorney

Leland Rayson (1921–2001), American lawyer and politician

Noel Rayson (1933–2003), former Australian rules footballer

Roger Rayson (born 1942), Australian cricketer

Rayson Tan, Singaporean MediaCorp actor

Rayson Huang
Rayson Lisung Huang, CBE (Chinese: 黃麗松; pinyin: Huáng Lìsōng; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015), was a Hong Kong chemist, who was an expert on radicals. He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong, a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Kansas
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Kansas refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Kansas. The first congregation of the church in Kansas was organized in 1895. As of 2023, it has grown to 40,003 members in 75 congregations.

Official church membership as a percentage of general population was 1.25% in 2014. According to the 2014 Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey, roughly 1% of Kansans self-identify themselves most closely with the LDS Church. The LDS Church is the 10th largest denomination in Kansas.

Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research, and panel based surveys,  media content analysis, and other empirical social science research.

The Pew Research Center states it does not take policy stances. It is a subsidiary of the Pew Charitable Trusts and a charter member of the American Association of Public Opinion Research's Transparency Initiative.
HMS Snipe
Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Snipe:

HMS Snipe (1801) was a 12-gun gun-brig launched in 1801 and broken up in 1846.

HMS Snipe (1828) was a cutter launched in 1828 and broken up in 1860.

HMS Snipe (1860) was a Philomel-class gunvessel launched in 1860 and broken up in 1868.

HMS Snipe (1874) was a Coastguard vessel launched in 1874 which foundered in 1914.

HMS Snipe (1898) was a river gunboat launched in 1898 and sold in 1919

HMS Snipe (U20) was a Black Swan-class sloop launched in 1945 and scrapped in 1960

HMS Snipe (U20)
HMS Snipe was a modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She was laid down by William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton on 21 September 1944, launched on 20 December 1945 and commissioned on 9 September 1946, with the pennant number U20.
Lonnie Hammargren
Lonnie Lee Hammargren (December 25, 1937 – June 13, 2023) was an American politician and neurosurgeon who served as the 31st lieutenant governor of Nevada from 1995 to 1999. Prior to being lieutenant governor, Hammargren also served a regent of the Nevada System of Higher Education from 1988 to 1994.

Hammargren, a Republican, was the most recent lieutenant governor of Nevada who belonged to a political party different than that of the sitting governor. He served with Governor Bob Miller, a Democrat, during Miller's second four-year term.

Prior to politics, Hammargren was a neurosurgeon and was as a flight surgeon at NASA for the Apollo program from November 1965 to March 1966.

The eclectic collection of artifacts, including old casino signs, and an Apollo space capsule.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein
Johann I Joseph (Johann Baptist Josef Adam Johann Nepomuk Aloys Franz de Paula; 26 June 1760 – 20 April 1836) was Prince of Liechtenstein between 1805 and 1806 and again from 1814 until 1836. He was the last Liechtenstein prince to rule under the Holy Roman Empire between 1805 and 1806 and as regent of Liechtenstein from 1806 until 1814. He was the fourth son of Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein.

Military Order of Maria Theresa
The Military Order of Maria Theresa (German: Militär-Maria-Theresien-Orden; Hungarian: Katonai Mária Terézia-rend; Czech: Vojenský řád Marie Terezie; Polish: Wojskowy Order Marii Teresy; Slovene: Vojaški red Marije Terezije; Croatian: Vojni red Marije Terezije) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Linda Marlowe
Linda Virginia Marlowe (née Bathurst; born 26 July 1940) is an Australian-born British film, theatre, and television actress. She is noted for her association with Steven Berkoff, performing in many of his theatrical works, creating a one-woman show based on his female characters called Berkoff's Women, and being referred to as his "muse" by a number of critics.

Marlowe's television roles include A small part in The Saint "The time to die" (1968) the 1995 Lynda La Plante series She's Out, and the recurring role of Sylvie Carter in EastEnders from December 2014 to March 2017. Her film credits include Impact (1963), Manifesto (1988), The House of Mirth (2000), Hellraiser: Deader (2005) and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011).

Lynda La Plante
Lynda Joy La Plante, CBE (née Titchmarsh; born 15 March 1943) is an English author, screenwriter and former actress. She created and wrote the police procedural television series Prime Suspect. In 2024 she was honoured with the Crime Writers' Association of Britain's Diamond Dagger award for her outstanding lifetime's contribution to the crime and mystery fiction genre.
Touch-and-go landing
In aviation, a touch-and-go landing (TGL) or circuit is a maneuver that is common when learning to fly a fixed-wing aircraft. It involves landing on a runway and taking off again without coming to a full stop. Usually the pilot then circles the airport in a defined pattern known as a circuit and repeats the maneuver. This allows many landings to be practiced in a short time.

If the pilot brings the aircraft to a full stop before taking off again, it is known as a "stop-and-go". If the aircraft's wheels do not touch the ground, it is known as a "low pass".  Both a touch-and-go landing and a low pass are types of go-around.  An unplanned touch-and-go landing is also called a "rejected landing" or "balked landing".

Touch-and-go landings can perform a crucial safety role when a plane lands with not enough space to come to a complete stop, but has enough space to accelerate and take off again.

Fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft, and airplanes that use wing morphing are all classified as fixed wing.

Gliding fixed-wing aircraft, including free-flying gliders and tethered kites, can use moving air to gain altitude. Powered fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) that gain forward thrust from an engine include powered paragliders, powered hang gliders and ground effect vehicles. Most fixed-wing aircraft are operated by a pilot, but some are unmanned or controlled remotely or are completely autonomous (no remote pilot).
Huay Chivo
The Huay Chivo (Spanish pronunciation: [waj ˈtʃiβo]) is a legendary Maya beast. It is a half-man, half-beast creature, with burning red eyes, and is specific to the Yucatán Peninsula. It is reputed to be an evil sorcerer who can transform himself into a supernatural animal, usually a goat, dog or deer, in order to prey upon livestock. In recent times, it has become associated with the chupacabras. The Huay Chivo is specific to Guatemala, the southeastern Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Alleged Huay Chivo activity is sporadically reported in the regional press. Local Maya near the town of Valladolid, in Yucatán, believe the Huay Chivo is an evil sorcerer that is capable of transforming into a goat to do mischief and eat livestock.

The Huay Chivo is a local variation of the Mesoamerican Nahual.

Valladolid, Yucatán
Valladolid (Spanish: [baʝaðoˈlið] ⓘ; Sakiʼ in Maya) is a city located in the eastern region of the Mexican state of Yucatán. It is the seat of Valladolid Municipality. As of the 2020 census the population of the city was 56,494 inhabitants (the third-largest community in the state after Kanasín), and that of the municipality was 85,460. Valladolid is located approximately 170 km (105 mi) east of the state capital Mérida, 40 km (25 mi) east of Chichén Itzá, and 150 km (93 mi) west of Cancún.

On August 30, 2012, Valladolid became part of the Pueblos Mágicos promotional initiative led by the federal Secretariat of Tourism.
Chester Waterside Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company
Chester Waterside Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company is a historic former coal-fired power station, located on the Delaware River in Chester, Delaware County, southeastern Pennsylvania.

Built by the Philadelphia Electric Company, it is currently owned by the PECO Energy Company of the Exelon Corporation. The complex has been converted into an office building.

Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Delaware County, colloquially referred to as Delco, is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With a population of 576,830 as of the 2020 census, it is the fifth-most populous county in Pennsylvania and the third-smallest in area. The county was created on September 26, 1789, from part of Chester County and named for the Delaware River. The county is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, or Delaware Valley, region of the commonwealth.

Delaware County borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-most populous city, to its northeast. It also is adjacent to the city-county of Philadelphia County and is included in the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area. Its county seat is Media, which is located near the center of the county.
Create Charter High School
CREATE Charter High School was a four-year public high school that operated under a charter granted by the New Jersey Commissioner of Education. The school was run independently of the Jersey City Public Schools since it opened in September 2001 and was shut down in June 2010 after receiving notice from Acting Commissioner of Education Bret Schundler that the charter would be withdrawn as the school had failed to achieve its goals, including having less than 5% of graduating seniors reaching the proficient level on the language arts and mathematics components of the High School Proficiency Assessment.

CREATE Charter High School was a public school open to all students on a space-available basis. The school also had a middle school, CREATE Charter Middle School, and was the only high school in the county to do so. Offering a 195-day school year with a school day extending from 8:30 am to 3:30 pm, the school was founded by Jersey City Councilman Steve Lipski.

Bret Schundler
Bret Davis Schundler (born January 14, 1959) is an American politician from New Jersey who served as the 42nd mayor of Jersey City from 1992 to 2001. He remains the last Republican to hold that office. He also unsuccessfully ran for Governor of New Jersey in 2001 and 2005.

Earlier in his life, Schundler was a Democrat, and the State Coordinator in New Jersey for Gary Hart's 1984 campaign for President. He then served as the chief operating officer of The King's College, a Christian liberal arts college in New York City. He served in the cabinet of Governor Chris Christie as New Jersey commissioner of education from January to August 2010, when he was dismissed.
McKay conjecture
In mathematics, specifically in the field of group theory, the McKay conjecture is a theorem of equality between two numbers: the number of irreducible complex characters of degree not divisible by a prime number  for a given finite group and the same number for the normalizer in that group of a Sylow -subgroup.

It is named after the Canadian mathematician John McKay, who originally stated a limited version of it as a conjecture in 1971, for the special case of  and simple groups. The conjecture was later generalized by other mathematicians to a more general conjecture for any prime value of  and more general groups.

In 2023, a proof of the general conjecture was announced by Britta Späth and Marc Cabanes.

Simple group
In mathematics, a simple group is a nontrivial group whose only normal subgroups are the trivial group and the group itself.  A group that is not simple can be broken into two smaller groups, namely a nontrivial normal subgroup and the corresponding quotient group. This process can be repeated, and for finite groups one eventually arrives at uniquely determined simple groups, by the Jordan–Hölder theorem.

The complete classification of finite simple groups, completed in 2004, is a major milestone in the history of mathematics.
Parkhead North railway station
Parkhead was a railway station in the east end of Glasgow. It was opened as Parkhead, by the North British Railway on 1 February 1871. It was renamed Parkhead North on 30 June 1952 by  British Railways. This was to differentiate it from the nearby ex-Caledonian Railway Parkhead station on the former Glasgow Central Railway.

The station was closed to passengers on 19 September 1955.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
Enchelyolepis
Enchelyolepis (meaning "eel-like scale") is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe.  It was a member of the Macrosemiidae, a family of ginglymodians distantly related to modern gars, and contains two species that were both previously described as species of Macrosemius.

The following species are known:

†E. andrewsi (Woodward, 1895) (type species) - Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) of England (middle Purbeck Group)

†E. pectoralis (Sauvage, 1883) - Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of France (Portland Group)

Both species were very small for their order, with E. andrewsi being only 35 millimetres (1.4 in) in length.

Purbeck Group
The Purbeck Group is an Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in south-east England. The name is derived from the district known as the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset where the strata are exposed in the cliffs west of Swanage. It is quarried for Purbeck stone, a common building material.

The Purbeck Group is famous for its fossils of reptiles and early mammals. This sequence of rocks has gone by various names in the past including amongst others the Purbeck Beds, Purbeck Formation, Purbeck Limestone Formation and Purbeck Stone.

Rocks of this age have in the past been called the Purbeckian stage by European geologists. The Purbeckian corresponds with the Tithonian to Berriasian stages of the internationally used geologic timescale.
Bart Sears
Bart Whitman Sears (born 1963) is an American comics artist, toy and packaging designer and author, known for his work on such books as Justice League Europe, Legends of the Dark Knight, X-O Manowar, Turok, Violator, The Helm, and The Masters.

Violator (comics)
Violator (also referred to at times as The Violator) is a supervillain who appears in the Spawn comic books published by Image Comics as one of the main antagonists. The character first appeared in Spawn #2 (cover-dated May 1992) and was created by writer-artist Todd McFarlane.

In 2009, Violator was ranked as IGN's 97th-greatest comic book villain of all time.
1999 Nigerien constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Niger on 18 July 1999. The new constitution would restore multi-party democracy after the military coup earlier in the year had ousted (and resulted in the death of) elected President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara.

The third constitutional referendum of the 1990s, it was approved by 90% of voters with a turnout of only around 31%. General elections for the presidency and National Assembly were held in October and November.

Constitution of Niger
The Republic of Niger has had seven constitutions, two substantial constitutional revisions, and two periods of rule by decree since its independence from French colonial rule in 1960. The "Seventh Republic" operated under the Constitution of 2010 until its dissolution in 2023 by General Abdourahamane Tchiani in a coup d'état. The junta declared a five-year transitional charter in 2025.
Benjamín Kuscevic
Benjamín Kuscevic Jaramillo (Croatian: Kuščević, Croatian pronunciation: [běːɲamin kûʃtʃeʋitɕ xaramîʎo]; born 2 May 1996) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays as centre-back for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Fortaleza and the Chile national team.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Elachista griseella
Elachista griseella is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found from France to Italy and Ukraine.

The larvae feed on Calamagrostis epigejos, Dactylis glomerata, Elymus repens, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The species hibernates as an intermediate larva and resumes feeding in early April.

Festuca rubra
Festuca rubra is a species of grass known by the common name red fescue, creeping red fescue or the rush-leaf fescue. It is widespread across much of the Northern Hemisphere and can tolerate many habitats and climates. It is best adapted to well-drained soils in cool, temperate climates; it prefers shadier areas and is often planted for its shade tolerance. Wild animals browse it, but it has not been important for domestic forage due to low productivity and palatability. It is also an ornamental plant for gardens.
Tonopah Volunteer Firehouse and Gymnasium
The Tonopah Volunteer Firehouse and Gymnasium is a historic fire station located at the intersection of Brougher and Burro Streets in Tonopah, Nevada. Built in 1907, the firehouse housed Tonopah's volunteer fire department. The firehouse was built by Tonopah's newly appointed fire chief to address inadequacies in the town's fire protection services, which had failed to stop a major fire in 1904. A gymnasium for the firefighters was constructed next to the fire station in 1908. Tonopah still suffered three major fires after its fire station was built, including a 1920 fire which damaged the station itself; the building was subsequently restored to its original condition.

The firehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 20, 1982.

The Water Company of Tonopah Building is adjacent.

Tonopah, Nevada
Tonopah (/ˈtoʊnəˌpɑː/ TOHN-ə-pah, Shoshoni language: Tonampaa) is an unincorporated town in the U.S. state of Nevada and the county seat of Nye County. Nicknamed the Queen of the Silver Camps for its mining-rich history, it is now primarily a tourism-based resort city, notable for attractions like the Mizpah Hotel and the Clown Motel.

Tonopah is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95, approximately midway between Las Vegas and Reno. In the 2020 census, the population was 2,179. The census-designated place (CDP) of Tonopah has a total area of 16.2 square miles (42 km2), all land.