hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1924 Pasinler earthquake
The 1924 Pasinler earthquake occurred at 16:34 local time on 13 September in Pasinler, Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and reached a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 60 deaths.

Pasinler
Pasinler or Basean (Turkish: Pasinler; Armenian: Բասէն, romanized: Pasēn; Georgian: ბასიანი, romanized: basiani; Latin: Phasiani; Greek: Φασιανοί, romanized: Phasianoí; formerly Hasankale and Hesenqele 'the fortress of Hasan'), is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,134 km2, and its population is 27,055 (2022). It lies on the Aras River.

It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of the city of Erzurum and is the site of Hasankale Castle (sometimes called Pasinler Castle). It was the birthplace of the Ottoman poet Nef'i. The old name "Hasankale" may be based upon the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan or upon Hasan the governor of the region in the 1330s or after Küçük Hasan, grandson of Coban, who attacked the town in 1340.
Onslow (ship)
Several ships have been named Onslow:

Onslow (1734 EIC ship) was an East Indiaman launched on the Thames in 1734. She made four voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) to India, China, and South-East Asia before she was sold in 1748 for breaking up.

Onslow (1750 EIC ship) was an East Indiaman launched on the Thames in 1750. She made four voyages for the EIC to India, China, and South-East Asia before she was sold in 1761 for breaking up.

Onslow (1795 ship) was a Spanish vessel launched in 1789 that was taken in prize in 1795. She became a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made one complete slave trading voyage before a French privateer captured her in 1797 as she was just on her way to embark slaves for a second voyage.

Onslow (1817 ship) was launched at Onslow, Nova Scotia in 1817. She moved to England in 1818 and traded with Canada and the West Indies. She foundered on 30 July 1829.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Monkton, Devon
Monkton is a village and civil parish on the River Otter, about 2 miles north east of Honiton railway station, in the East Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. In 2011 the parish had a population of 169. The parish touches Cotleigh, Upottery, Honiton, Offwell and Luppitt. The parish is in the Blackdown Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Honiton
Honiton (/ˈhɒnitən/) is a market town and civil parish in East Devon, situated close to the River Otter, 17 miles (27 km) north east of Exeter in the county of Devon. Honiton has a population estimated at 12,154 (based on 2021 census).
James Fleming (lawyer)
Sir James Fleming JP (3 August 1831 – 24 May 1914) was a Scottish lawyer.

Fleming was born in Rutherglen, Scotland,  on 3 August 1831, and educated there in the parish school.

He was chairman of the Glasgow School of Art for 28 years. There was a memorial plaque with his image there, created by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, but it was destroyed in the 2018 fire.

He was knighted in 1906.He was president of the Glasgow Liberal Club.

He was married to Mary Smellie, who died 5 April 1891, aged 49 years. Their son, Captain James Hamilton Fleming, was killed in Action on 13 October 1915 at the Hohenzollern Redoubt. Another son, John Arnold Fleming, (1871–1966) was an industrial chemist.

Fleming died on 24 May 1914 and was buried at Rutherglen Cemetery in Glasgow.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Charles Rennie Mackintosh (7 June 1868 – 10 December 1928) was a Scottish architect, designer, water colourist and artist. His artistic approach had much in common with European Symbolism. His work, alongside that of his wife Margaret Macdonald, was influential on European design movements such as Art Nouveau and Secessionism and praised by great modernists such as Josef Hoffmann. Mackintosh was born in Glasgow, Scotland and died in London, England. He is among the most important figures of the Modern Style.
Golden Mosque (Red Fort)
The Golden Mosque (Hindi: सुनहरी मस्जिद), or Sunehri Masjid, is a mosque in the Chandni Chowk neighbourhood of Old Delhi, in Central Delhi, India. The mosque is located outside the southwestern corner of the Delhi Gate of the Red Fort, opposite the Netaji Subhash Park.

The mosque is a Monument of National Importance, administered by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Monuments of National Importance
This article contains lists of Monuments of National Importance in India.

An Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 defines an "Ancient Monument" as follows:

Ancient Monument means any structure, erection or monument, or any tumulus or place of interment, or any cave, rock-sculpture, inscription or monolith which is of historical, archaeological or artistic interest and which has been in existence for not less than 100 years

A "Monument of National Importance" is designated by the Archaeological Survey of India and includes the following:

The remains of an ancient monument

The site of an ancient monument

The land on which there are fences or protective covering structures for preserving the monument

Land by means of which people can freely access the monument

monument is something that show our history our strength and our power.

In 2023 an updated list was published by National Monument Authority which identifies a total of 3757 monuments.
Draâ Ben Khedda District
Draâ Ben Khedda District is a district of Tizi Ouzou Province, Algeria.

The district is further divided into 4 municipalities:

Draâ Ben Khedda

Sidi Nâamane

Tadmaït

Tirmitine

36°44′06″N 3°57′20″E﻿ / ﻿36.7349°N 3.9556°E﻿ / 36.7349; 3.9556

Tadmaït
Tadmaït (Tamazight: ⵜⴰⴷⵎⴰⵉⵜ pronounced Thadhmaith, Arabic: تادمايت, previously Camp-du-Maréchal i.e. Marshal's Camp) is a town and commune in Tizi Ouzou Province in northern Algeria, located 18 kilometers west of Tizi Ouzou and 85 kilometers east of Algiers.

The city covers an area of 63.66 km² (39.55 sq mi) and had a population of 22838 in 2008 (density: 359 inhab/km²)
Stanisław Potocki (starost of Halicz)
Stanisław Potocki hr. Piława (Polish pronunciation: [pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi], 1659 – September 12, 1683 at the Battle of Vienna), was a Polish noble, starost of Halicz and Kołomyja, rotmistrz and pułkownik of cavalry. Son of Hetman Andrzej Potocki and brother of Hetman Józef Potocki. He died at the age of around 24.

He is buried in the Collegiate Church of Stanisławów (now Ivano-Frankivsk) but his heart remained in Vienna and was buried in the Franciscan Church.

Rittmaster
Rittmaster (German: Rittmeister, lit. 'riding/cavalry master') is usually a commissioned officer military rank used in a few armies, usually equivalent to Captain. Historically it has been used in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavia, and some other countries.

A rittmeister is typically in charge of a squadron (a company-sized unit called a "troop" in the United States, as opposed to the U.S. cavalry squadron of larger battalion size), and is the equivalent of a Hauptmann rank (or captain in most army branches).
Mary Firstenburg (fireboat)
The Mary Firstenburg is a fireboat operated by Clark County Fire & Rescue.  She was commissioned on March 16, 2014.  She purchased through a FEMA Port Security Grant.

Clark County, Washington received $370,000 to help pay for the 30 feet (9.1 m) vessel.  She replaces a smaller 19 feet (5.8 m) vessel.  She is capable of pumping up to 2,000 gallons per minute.  She is equipped with side-view sonar and an infrared optical system.  Her maximum speed is 40 knots (74 km/h).

Her infrared system is useful for the fireboat to undertake search and rescue missions, to find survivors heat signatures, in addition to guiding the vessel's water cannons to the hottest burning parts of a fire.

Although the vessel, and her boathouse, were paid for through Federal grants, she was named after Mary Elizabeth Firstenburg, a local philanthropist, in recognition of previous donations to the region's non-profit enterprises.

Department of Homeland Security Port Security Grant
Since 2002, the Department of Homeland Security has provided Port Security Grants to ports within the United States, to build fireboats. In addition to carrying firefighting equipment, these vessels are equipped to help counter nuclear fallout, chemical weapons and biological weapons.

The grants are made under the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002. The Federal Emergency Management Agency, one of the agencies under DHS, provided $100 million worth of grants in 2015.

The construction of FDNY's Three Forty Three was partly supported by a port security grant.

Tacoma's Commencement was refurbished through a port security grant.

The Tiburon, built through a port security grant, helped extinguish fires on California's islands

The Hartz-Booth patrols rivers in West Virginia
I'm Your Empress Of
I'm Your Empress Of is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter and producer Empress Of, released via Terrible Records and XL Recordings on April 3, 2020. The album's first single "Give Me Another Chance" premiered on March 3, 2020, via Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show.

Zane Lowe
Alexander Zane Reed Lowe (born 1973) is a New Zealand radio DJ, live DJ, record producer, and television presenter. After an early career in music creation, production and DJing, he moved to the UK in 1997. He came to prominence through presenting on XFM and MTV Europe (MTV Two), developing a DJ career by opening sets for bands and eventually landing a slot on prime-time radio on BBC Radio 1 from 2003 to 2015. In 2015, he was hired by Apple to be the Creative Director of their new world-wide music station, Apple Music 1.
Alan Wilkie (referee)
Alan B. Wilkie (born 1951) is an English former football referee, who officiated in the Football League and the Premier League, and for UEFA. He was born in Denton Burn, Newcastle upon Tyne, but now lives in Chester-le-Street, County Durham. His other occupation during his refereeing career was as a Telecommunications electrical engineer, and he now works for the Football Association as a regional manager for referees in North East England.

Chester-le-Street
Chester-le-Street (/ˈtʃɛstəlistriːt/) is a market town in County Durham, England. It is located around 6 miles (10 kilometres) north of Durham and is close to Newcastle. The town holds markets on Saturdays. In 2021, the town had a population of 23,555.

The town's history is ancient; records date to a Roman-built fort called Concangis. The Roman fort is the Chester (from the Latin castra) of the town's name; the Street refers to the paved Roman road that ran north–south through the town. The parish church of St Mary and St Cuthbert is where the body of St Cuthbert remained for 112 years (from 883 to 995 AD), before being transferred to Durham Cathedral. 
An Old English translation of the Gospels was made in the 10th century: a word-for-word gloss of the Latin Vulgate text, inserted between the lines by Aldred the Scribe, who was Provost of Chester-le-Street.
Church Rock (Arizona)
Church Rock is a pillar in Navajo County, Arizona. It is located near the mouth of Church Rock Valley with a summit elevation of 5,862 feet (1,787 m). It is situated 7.5 miles (12.1 km) east of the community of Kayenta, on Navajo Nation land, and can be seen from Highway 160 as it rises 400 feet above Church Rock Valley. It is one of the eroded volcanic plugs, or diatremes, of the Navajo Volcanic Field, which is a volcanic field that includes intrusions and flows of minette and other unusual igneous rocks which formed around 30 million years ago during the Oligocene.

Volcanic field
A volcanic field is an area of Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. The type and number of volcanoes required to be called a "field" is not well-defined. Volcanic fields usually consist of clusters of up to 100 volcanoes such as cinder cones. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field.
Zolota Balka
Zolota Balka (Ukrainian: Золота Балка; Russian: Золотая Балка) is a village in Beryslav Raion (district) in Kherson Oblast of southern Ukraine, at about 132.6 kilometres (82.4 mi) northeast by east from the centre of Kherson city, on the right bank of the Dnipro river, on the western bank of the Kakhovka Reservoir. It belongs to the Novooleksandrivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Nyon–St-Cergue–Morez Railway
The Nyon–St-Cergue–Morez Railway (NStCM), French: Chemin de fer Nyon–Saint-Cergue–Morez, is a narrow gauge railway in western Switzerland which nowadays operates between Nyon, on the northern shore of Lake Geneva and the French border at La Cure, the La Cure–Morez section having closed in 1958. The railway reaches a height of 1,228 metres (4,029 feet) above sea level at the Col de la Givrine and it is the highest in the Jura Mountains.

Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva is a deep lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône. Sixty percent (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) of the lake belongs to Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Valais) and forty percent (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) to France (the department of Haute-Savoie).
Frances Euphemia Thompson
Frances Euphemia Thompson (July 11,1896 – January 30, 1992) was an African American artist and art educator dedicated to improving the lives of African Americans through art education. She was one of the first African American women to graduate from Massachusetts Normal Art School.

Massachusetts College of Art and Design
Massachusetts College of Art and Design, branded as MassArt, is a public college of visual and applied art in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1873, it is one of the nation's oldest art schools, and the only publicly funded independent art school in the United States. It was the first art college in the United States to grant an artistic degree.

It is a member of the Colleges of the Fenway (a resources- and facilities-sharing collegiate consortium located in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area of Boston), and the ProArts Consortium (an association of seven Boston-area colleges dedicated to the visual and performing arts).
Francis Metallic Surfboat
The Francis Metallic Surfboat is a boat, currently housed at 130 West Center Street in Douglas, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. It is one of two known surviving examples of its kind, one of the first type of coastal rescue craft used.

Douglas, Michigan
Douglas (officially known as the City of the Village of Douglas) is a city in Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,378 at the 2020 census. The city is surrounded by Saugatuck Township and the city of Saugatuck is adjacent on the north.

Douglas had long been a village within Saugatuck Township. On December 13, 2004, residents voted to adopt a charter incorporating Douglas as a city. Under Michigan law, cities are independent entities whereas villages are part of the township. The official name is City of the Village of Douglas.
Amy Atwell
Amy Atwell (born 30 June 1998) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Perth Lynx of the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). She is also contracted with the Rockingham Flames of the NBL1 West. She played college basketball for the Hawaii Rainbow Wahine, where she won the Big West Conference Player of the Year in 2022. She had briefs stints in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) in 2022 with the Los Angeles Sparks and in 2024 with the Phoenix Mercury.

Women's National Basketball League
The Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) is a professional women's basketball league in Australia composed of eight teams. The league was founded in 1981 and is the women's counterpart to the National Basketball League (NBL).
Johann V Thurzo
Johann V Thurzo (Polish: Jan V Thurzo, Hungarian: Thurzó V. János; 1464–1520) was a 15th-century Bishop of Wrocław in Silesia, now Poland. A great patron and lover of the arts and sciences, Martin Luther called him "the greatest bishop of the century".

Johann was the son of János Thurzó a protestant, Zips Saxon Hungarian nobleman of the Thurzó family and mayor of Kraków, and his first wife, Ursula Bem. Johann gained a Bachelor of Arts in 1484 and a master's degree in 1487, and then studied canon law in Italy.

He was Dean of Wrocław Cathedral from March 1502 and Bishop of Wrocław from 1506 to 1520, while his brother Stanislav was Bishop of Olomouc. As bishop, Johann Thurzo was patron of artists, including Albrecht Dürer and Lucas Cranach, and poets. He corresponded with Martin Luther on matters of theology and was involved in the founding of University of Wittenberg.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Ondrej Mares
Ondrej Mares (11 February 1949 – 19 March 2008) was an Australian artist and furniture designer who lived in Macclesfield, South Australia. His work has been exhibited in Adelaide, Sydney and Prague. Mares is most famous for his Kachina pieces. In 2002, he was diagnosed with cancer, which had the effect of shifting his focus from larger pieces to smaller more compact pieces. Also, clues to his sickness manifested in later works, such as his Kachina titled 'Stem Cells'. Mares' work has been described as "jamming as much experience, humour and detail into each of his arte povera pieces, usually about 50 cm (20 in) high, as is aesthetically possible."

Kachina
A kachina (/kəˈtʃiːnə/; Hopi: katsina [kaˈtsʲina], plural katsinim [kaˈtsʲinim]) is a spirit being in the religious beliefs of the Pueblo peoples, Native American cultures located in the southwestern part of the United States. In Pueblo cultures, kachina rites are practiced by the Hopi, Hopi-Tewa and Zuni peoples and certain Keres peoples, as well as in most Puebloans in New Mexico.

The kachina concept has three different aspects: the supernatural being, the kachina dancers, and kachina dolls (small dolls carved in the likeness of the kachina, that are given only to those who are, or will be responsible for the respectful care and well-being of the doll, such as a mother, wife, or sister).
Burrell Memorial Observatory
Burrell Memorial Observatory referred to as Burrell Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on the campus of Baldwin Wallace University. The observatory was established in 1940, in Berea, Ohio.

Baldwin Wallace University
Baldwin Wallace University (BW) is a private university in Berea, Ohio, United States. Established in 1845 as Baldwin Institute by Methodist businessman and former founder of a utopian community at Berea, Ohio John Baldwin, it merged with nearby German Wallace College in 1913 to become Baldwin-Wallace College. There are two campus sites: Berea, which serves as the main campus, and Corporate College East in Warrensville Heights, Ohio. The university enrolls approximately 3,300 full-time undergraduate and graduate students as of fall 2024. Baldwin Wallace's athletic teams compete as members of NCAA Division III athletics in the Ohio Athletic Conference.
SS Indiana (1873)
SS Indiana was an iron passenger-cargo steamship built by William Cramp & Sons of Philadelphia in 1873. The third of a series of four Pennsylvania-class vessels, Indiana and her three sister ships – Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois – were the largest iron ships ever built in the United States at the time of their construction, and among the first to be fitted with compound steam engines. They were also the first ships to challenge British dominance of the transatlantic trade since the American Civil War.

Though soon outclassed by newer vessels, Indiana was to enjoy a substantial 36-year career, a highlight of which was her transportation of United States President Ulysses S. Grant on the first leg of his celebrated 1877–78 world tour. After 24 years of transatlantic crossings, Indiana was sold for Pacific service, before being  requisitioned as a troopship for service during the Spanish–American War. She was wrecked off Isla Santa Margarita, Mexico, in 1909.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Linda Birnbaum
Linda Silber Birnbaum is an American toxicologist, microbiologist and the former director of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, as well as the National Toxicology Program, positions she held from January 18, 2009 until October 3, 2019. Since 2020 she has served as Scholar In Residence in the Environmental Sciences and Policy Division of the Nicholas School of the Environment of Duke University. Birnbaum also is an adjunct professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health and a member of the editorial board of Environment International.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs, are a class of organobromine compounds that are used as flame retardants. Like other brominated flame retardants, PBDEs have been used in a wide array of products, including building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams, and textiles.  They are structurally akin to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other polyhalogenated compounds, consisting of two halogenated aromatic rings. PBDEs are classified according to the average number of bromine atoms in the molecule.  The life-saving benefits of fire retardants led to their popularization.  Standards for mass transit vehicles continues to increase as of 2021.: 1–26

Because of their toxicity and persistence, all commercially relevant PBDEs have been marked for elimination under the Stockholm Convention, a treaty to control and phase out major persistent organic pollutants (POPs).