hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhoda Boyd
Rhoda Boyd was born in rural Cumberland County, Pennsylvania in 1748 to John Boyd, immigrant from Ulster and Nancy Urie, immigrant from Scotland. Rhoda and her siblings were captured by Lenape on 10 February 1756. The Lenape killed her mother and youngest brother during the attack.

Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Cumberland County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 259,469. Its county seat is Carlisle. Cumberland County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Mario Artistico
Mario Artistico (born 3 April 1985) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Setteville CaseRosse.

Artistico has played for 16 clubs since the 2002–03 season, most of them in the Lega Pro. Mario is the brother of Edoardo, another striker.

SS Virtus Lanciano 1924
S.S. Virtus Lanciano 1924 is an Italian association football club, based in Lanciano, Abruzzo. It last played in Serie B in 2015–16 as Virtus Lanciano. Virtus Lanciano now competes in youth football only.
Dharam Bir Sinha
Dharam Bir Sinha  is an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Barh, Bihar in the Lok Sabha the lower house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress. He was Minister of State Labour, Information and Tourism in Daroga Prasad Rai cabinet in 1970. He was Union Minister of from State Information and Broadcasting from  1971 to 1977 in Second Indira Gandhi ministry

Barh Lok Sabha constituency
Barh Lok Sabha constituency was a Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar from 1957 to 2008. This constituency was created in 1957 when Patna East Lok Sabha was renamed as Barh Lok Sabha.

Nitish Kumar was elected five times from Barh (बाढ़), from 1989 to 1999. He lost from Barh in 2004 but won that year from Nalanda. Tarkeshwari Sinha was another prominent politician to have represented this seat.
Jeevan Naiya
Jeevan Naiya is a 1936 Indian Hindi film directed by Franz Osten, and produced by Himanshu Rai for his studio Bombay Talkies. It is famous for being the screen debut of early superstar Ashok Kumar. The film is about the ostracism of dancing girls. The film was one of several successful Bombay Talkies collaborations between Franz Osten, Himashu Rai, screenwriters J. S. Kashyap and Niranjan Pal, and their leading lady of the time, Devika Rani.

It also featured the famous song "Koi Humdum Na Raha", sung by Ashok Kumar, with music by Saraswati Devi and lyrics by Jamuna Swarup Kashyap (J. S. Kashyap), later sung by Kishore Kumar in the film Jhumroo (1961).

Ostracism
Ostracism (Greek: ὀστρακισμός, ostrakismos) was an Athenian democratic procedure in which any citizen could be expelled from the city-state of Athens for ten years. While some instances clearly expressed popular anger at the citizen, ostracism was often used preemptively as a way of neutralizing someone thought to be a threat to the state or a potential tyrant. The word 
ostracism continues to be used for various forms of shunning.
Elk Creek (Umpqua River tributary)
Elk Creek is a tributary, about 46 miles (74 km) long, of the Umpqua River in the U.S. state of Oregon.
The creek begins near Ben More Mountain in the lower Cascade Range south of Elkhead and flows generally north until passing under Interstate 5 in Scotts Valley. It then turns sharply west, flowing through the small city of Drain before meeting the Umpqua at Elkton. Oregon Route 99 runs along the creek for a short distance south of Drain, and Oregon Route 38 follows the creek from Drain to Elkton.

Before its demolition in 1995, Roaring Camp Bridge, a private covered bridge, spanned Elk Creek about 6 miles (10 km) west of Drain.  Robert Lancaster built the bridge in 1929 to provide road access to his farm.  Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, the bridge was delisted after its destruction in 1995.

Elkton, Oregon
Elkton is a city in Douglas County, Oregon, United States. It is located on the lower Umpqua River, at the junction of Oregon Route 38 and Oregon Route 138, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Interstate 5 and about 14 miles (23 km) west of Drain. As of the 2020 census, Elkton had a population of 183.
Maurice John Cary
Maurice John Cary JP UPM (1871 – 12 August 1938) was an appointed member of the 1st and 2nd State Councils of Ceylon.

Maurice John Cary was born in London in 1871, the son of George Goldney Cary, a barrister at law.

Cary migrated to Ceylon in 1896 where he served as the manager of the Colombo Commercial Company Ltd. He was a director of the Colombo YMCA between 1929 and 1930, and was the chairman of the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce between 1929 and 1931.

Cary married Emily Winifred Thomas on 30 October 1900 at the Isle of Wight.

He was appointed one of the European members of the 1st State Council of Ceylon in 1931 and subsequently in 1936 was re-appointed to the 2nd State Council of Ceylon.

He died in Edgbaston, Birmingham, in 1938.

Edgbaston
Edgbaston (/ˈɛdʒbəstən/) is a suburb of Birmingham, West Midlands, England. It lies immediately south-west of Birmingham city centre, and was historically in Warwickshire. The wards of Edgbaston and North Edgbaston had a combined population of 42,295 at the 2021 census.

Edgbaston is the location of Edgbaston Cricket Ground, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, the Midlands Arts Centre and the Edgbaston Archery and Lawn Tennis Society, the oldest lawn tennis club in the world.
Madona district
Madona district (Latvian: Madonas rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia from 1949 to 2009. it was located in the Vidzeme and Latgale regions in the country's east. Within the district is the highest point in Latvia - Gaiziņkalns. The district also bordered Latvia's largest lake, Lake Lubāns.

Districts were eliminated during the administrative-territorial reform in 2009. Most of Madona district was merged with the town of Madona to form Madona Municipality. Cesvaine, Ērgļi, Lubāna and Varakļāni were split off as separate municipalities until 2021.

Gaiziņkalns
The Gaising or Gaiziņkalns (German: Mesenberg), at 312 m (1,024 feet) above sea level, is the highest point in Latvia. It is situated in the Vidzeme Upland, a short distance to the west of the town of Madona, central Vidzeme.

Although only relatively high, Gaiziņkalns has been developed into a skiing area with three slopes and several guesthouses. In order to rival Suur Munamägi - the highest point of neighbouring Estonia at 318 metres - a tower was built which exceeds the latter in height. Although the construction work was not finished, the tower became a popular tourist attraction, which led to its closure due to the serious risk to safety. The tower was demolished in December 2012, and the rubble was removed. There is a nearby multilingual sign marking the high point, but nothing at the natural summit itself.
Gisborne, New Zealand
Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,100 (June 2025). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in the central city.

Waka (canoe)
Waka (Māori: [ˈwaka]) are Māori watercraft, usually canoes ranging in size from small, unornamented canoes (waka tīwai) used for fishing and river travel to large, decorated war canoes (waka taua) up to 40 metres (130 ft) long.

The earliest remains of a canoe in New Zealand were found near the Anaweka estuary in a remote part of the Tasman District and radiocarbon-dated to about 1400. The canoe was constructed in New Zealand, and was a sophisticated canoe, compatible with the style of other Polynesian voyaging canoes at that time.

Since the 1970s, about eight large double-hulled waka of about 20 metres have been constructed for oceanic voyaging to other parts of the Pacific. They are made of a blend of modern and traditional materials, incorporating features from ancient Melanesia, as well as Polynesia.
Double-knot toxin
Double-knot toxin (DkTx), also known as Tau-theraphotoxin-Hs1a or Tau-TRTX-Hs1a, is a toxin found in the venom of the Chinese Bird spider (Ornithoctonus huwena or Cyriopagopus schmidti), a tarantula species primarily living in the Guangxi province of China. This toxin, characterized by its bivalent structure of two Inhibitor Cysteine Knots (ICK), is thought to induce excruciating and long-lasting pain by activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel.

Chinese bird spider
Chinese bird spider  is an English name given to several species of old-world tarantulas which are found in China and Vietnam, including:

Cyriopagopus hainanus, primarily found on Hainan Island, off the southeastern coast of China; synonym Haplopelma hainanum

Cyriopagopus schmidti, found in Vietnam; synonyms Haplopelma schmidti, Haplopelma huwenum and Selenocosmia huwena
Grenada Cadet Corps
The Grenada Cadet Corps (GCC) is a voluntary youth organization open to students between the ages of 11 and 20 in Grenada. Though operating independently, it falls under the authority of the Royal Grenada Police Force and the Ministry of National Security. It is sponsored by the government of Grenada.

Its main objective is to provide training and personal development to youth through both military-style training and discipline and community activities. The training is geared towards inspiring young men and women to become model citizens. Emphasis during training is placed on discipline, loyalty, leadership and good citizenry. This is often acquired though a completed training course of being an active member in the Corps.

Royal Grenada Police Force
The Royal Grenada Police Force (RGPF) is responsible for law enforcement in Grenada. The RGPF enforces criminal, immigration, and maritime laws. It is also held responsible for seaport security and fire services. With 14 police stations and over 940 staff members, the force responds to over 15,000 crimes and incidents per year. Its activities are mandated by the Police Act.

The Royal Grenada Police Force also has a paramilitary force, the Special Services Unit, for national defence as well as a maritime security wing, the Royal Grenada Coast Guard.
Kammler
Kammler is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ademar Kammler (born 1970), Brazilian racewalker

Hans Kammler (1901–1945), German SS officer

Steffen Kammler (born 1965), Norwegian conductor

Ademar Kammler
Ademar Kammler (born 24 May 1970) is a Brazilian racewalker. He won medals at the South American Race Walking Championships and South American Championships in Athletics, and competed in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Invariants of tensors
In mathematics, in the fields of multilinear algebra and representation theory, the principal invariants of the second rank tensor  are the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial

,

where  is the identity operator and  are the roots of the polynomial  and the eigenvalues of .

More broadly, any scalar-valued function  is an invariant of  if and only if  for all orthogonal . This means that a formula expressing an invariant in terms of components, , will give the same result for all Cartesian bases. For example, even though individual diagonal components of  will change with a change in basis, the sum of diagonal components will not change.

The principal invariants do not change with rotations of the coordinate system (they are objective, or in more modern terminology, satisfy the principle of material frame-indifference) and any function of the principal invariants is also objective.

Walter Noll
Walter Noll (January 7, 1925 – June 6, 2017) was a mathematician, and Professor Emeritus at Carnegie Mellon University. He is best known for developing mathematical tools of classical mechanics, thermodynamics, and continuum mechanics.
Figure-8 laser
A figure-8 laser is a fiber laser with a figure-8-shaped ring resonator. It is used for making pico- and femtosecond soliton pulses. The typical spectrum of such a laser consists of a wide central peak and a few narrow lateral peaks that are placed symmetrically around it. The amplitudes of the narrow peaks are the same as or less than that of the central peak.

Both loops of the resonator work as Sagnac loops. The active medium of the laser is optical fiber with its core doped with rare-earth ions. It is placed asymmetrically with respect to the resonator loops to make a nonlinear difference in phase between opposite waves, ensuring mode locking. In 1992 a figure-8 laser was built with a smaller loop length of 1.6 m and a larger loop length of 60.8 m for generation of 315 fs pulses with repetition rate 125 MHz.

Mode locking
Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10−12 s) or femtoseconds (10−15 s). A laser operated in this way is sometimes referred to as a femtosecond laser, for example, in modern refractive surgery. The basis of the technique is to induce a fixed phase relationship between the longitudinal modes of the laser's resonant cavity. Constructive interference between these modes can cause the laser light to be produced as a train of pulses. The laser is then said to be "phase-locked" or "mode-locked".
Edmund Sweetman
Edmund Thomas Sweetman (1912 – 16 December 1968) was an Irish Fine Gael politician, who was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1948 to 1951. A solicitor, he was an unsuccessful Fine Gael candidate for the Wicklow constituency at the 1944 and 1948 general elections. He was nominated by the Taoiseach to the Seanad in 1948. He did not contest the 1951 Seanad election.

His father Roger Sweetman was a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) for Wexford North from 1918 to 1921.

Wicklow (Dáil constituency)
Wicklow is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects four deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Cikwes
Cikwes is the stage name of Connie LeGrande, a Cree musician from Canada. She is most noted as a Juno Award nominee for Traditional Indigenous Artist of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2023 for her 2022 album Kâkîsimo ᑳᑮᓯᒧᐤ.

A member of the Bigstone Cree Nation, she is based in Edmonton, Alberta.

Juno Awards of 2023
The Juno Awards of 2023 was a music awards ceremony that was held on 13 March 2023 at Rogers Place in Edmonton, Alberta. It recognized the best recordings, compositions, and artists of the eligibility year determined by the members of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. It returned to its usual March schedule for the first time since 2019 after COVID-19 pandemic had the last three events took place in June 2020, May 2021, and May 2022, respectively. Canadian actor Simu Liu, who hosted the 2022 ceremony, returned to host again.

The Weeknd received the most nominations (six) and had the most wins (five), followed by Avril Lavigne and Tate McRae with five nominations each, and Reklaws, Shawn Mendes, Preston Pablo and Banx & Ranx with three nominations each. With the six nominations, The Weeknd matched his personal records for both 2016 and 2021.

During the televised show, a topless protester crashed Avril Lavigne's introduction of AP Dhillon.
Deutsches Volksliedarchiv
The Deutsche Volksliedarchiv, a research institute for Volkslied (folk song) in German, was founded in 1914 and was integrated into the University of Freiburg in 2014, now called Zentrum für Populäre Kultur und Musik (Centre of popular culture and music). It has extensive collections of traditional and popular songs, maintained and expanded in the new centre, and accessible to the public without restriction. Before 2014, it was an independent scientific research institute of the state Baden-Württemberg, based in Freiburg im Breisgau.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Canadian Northern Ontario Railway Federal Bridge
The Canadian Northern Ontario Railway Bridge is a railway plate girder bridge over the Rideau River from the Merivale area to the Mooney's Bay neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is owned today by the CNOR's successor Canadian National Railway, and amongst other services carries the Via Rail Toronto – Ottawa Corridor passenger trains.

The official designation of the bridge is Mile 5.8, subdivision Beachburg.

Merivale Road
Merivale Road is an arterial road in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It starts at Island Park Drive just north of Highway 417 and continues south until it ends at Prince of Wales Drive in Rideau Glen. South of Clyde Avenue, Merivale is known as Ottawa Road #17, while north of Clyde it is Ottawa Road #63.

Merivale Road is a major commercial corridor. In the early 2020s, the road became home to many businesses catering to Indian immigrants as Ottawa's South Asian population surged.

Ottawa's Transportation Master Plan calls for bus lanes to be added to the road with the date of implementation to be determined.
Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer
Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃tmaʁi d(ə) la mɛʁ], alternatively with the definite article Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, lit. "(the) Saint Marys of the Sea", locally Les Saintes, [le sɛ̃t]; Provençal: Lei Santei Marias de la Mar (classical norm) or Li Sànti Marìo de la Mar (Mistralian norm)), is the capital of the Camargue (Provençal: Camarga) natural region in Southern France. It lies on the Mediterranean Sea.

Administratively, it is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, on the departmental border with Gard. It covers the second-largest area of all communes in metropolitan France, smaller only than that of neighbouring Arles.

Mistralian norm
The Mistralian norm is a linguistic norm for the Occitan language. It was first used in a published work by Joseph Roumanille in 1853, and then by Frédéric Mistral in 1854. Its aim is to make Provençal Occitan orthography closer to French, relying on a mixture of traditional spelling and French spelling conventions.

The Tresor dòu Felibrige, published by the Félibrige in 1878, was written entirely in the Mistralian norm.
Disraeli Gears
Disraeli Gears is the second studio album by the British rock band Cream. It was produced by Felix Pappalardi and released on Reaction Records in 1967. The album features the singles "Strange Brew" and "Sunshine of Your Love".

The original 11-track album was remastered in 1998, and then subsequently released as a two-disc Deluxe Edition in 2004.

Tom Dowd
Thomas John Dowd (October 20, 1925 – October 27, 2002) was an American recording engineer and producer for Atlantic Records. He was credited with innovating the multitrack recording method. Dowd worked on a veritable "who's who" of recordings that encompassed blues, jazz, pop, rock, and soul records.
Jonathan Shafer
Jonathan Shafer (born June 17, 2005) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 30 Toyota Tundra for On Point Motorsports. He is the son of former driver Todd Shafer.

Toyota Tundra
The Toyota Tundra (Japanese: トヨタ・タンドラ, Hepburn: Toyota Tandora) is a full-size pickup truck manufactured in the United States by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since May 1999. The Tundra was the second full-size pickup to be built by a Japanese manufacturer (the first was the Toyota T100), but the Tundra was the first full-size pickup from a Japanese manufacturer to be built in North America. The Tundra was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award and was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year in 2000 and 2008. Initially built in a new Toyota plant in Princeton, Indiana, production was consolidated in 2008 to Toyota's San Antonio, Texas, factory.
Total 5
Kompakt: Total 5 or Total 5 was released on 22 July 2003. The album is the fifth installment of the influential Cologne-based microhouse label's annual compilation of vinyl releases and exclusives from its biggest artists and most promising newcomers. All tracks on the vinyl edition are previously unreleased. Five songs appear on both the vinyl and CD formats.

Michael Mayer (musician)
Michael Mayer (born 11 December 1971) is an electronic musician from Cologne, Germany. Mayer is a remixer, DJ and producer, and has released several singles on the Kompakt music label, working with founder Wolfgang Voigt. Mayer has also released music on Kompakt-related labels New Trance Atlantic and Kreisel 99.
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (album)
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life is the eighth album by avant-garde band King Missile. It was released on January 21, 2003 by Instinct Records. The album is named after a 1901 book by Sigmund Freud. The album cover features a mock Parental Advisory label that reads, "Warning: Contains lots of curses: Do not buy!"

Album cover
An album cover (also referred to as album art) is the front packaging art of a commercially released studio album or other audio recordings. The term can refer to:

the printed paperboard covers typically used to package:
sets of 10 in (25 cm) and 12 in (30 cm) 78 rpm records
singles and sets of 12 in (30 cm) long-play records
sets of 45 rpm records (either in several connected sleeves or a box)

the front-facing panel of:
a cassette J-card
a CD package

the primary image accompanying a digital download of the album (or of its individual tracks).

For all tangible records, the album art also serves as a part of the protective sleeve.
Ralph (magazine)
Ralph was Australian men's magazine that was published monthly by ACP Magazines, a division of PBL Media between August 1997 and July 2010. The format and style of Ralph was similar to other men's magazines, such as Maxim and Loaded.

Maxim (magazine)
Maxim (stylized in all caps) is an international men's magazine, devised and launched in the United Kingdom in 1995, but based in New York City since 1997. It is known for its photography of actors, singers and female models whose careers are at their peak.  Maxim has a circulation of about 9 million readers each month. Maxim Digital reaches more than 4 million unique viewers each month. Maxim magazine publishes 16 editions, sold in 75 countries worldwide.
Tabor Creek
Tabor Creek is a stream in Douglas and Howell, within the Ozarks region of southern Missouri.

The stream's source is approximately six miles northwest of West Plains, just north of Missouri Route 14. From there, the stream flows southwest, passing under Route 14 and one mile south of the community of Grimmet. It then turns west, entering the Mark Twain National Forest and meandering west approximately one mile south of Siloam Springs. Turning northwest, the stream enters the southeast corner of Douglas County and continues west to its confluence with Spring Creek about one half mile north of Spring Creek's confluence with the North Fork River.

Tabor Creek was named for the Tabor family, who relocated to the area from Kentucky before the Civil War.

Howell County, Missouri
Howell County is in southern Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,750. The largest city and county seat is West Plains. The county was officially organized on March 2, 1857, and is named after Josiah Howell, a pioneer settler in the Howell Valley.

Howell County comprises the West Plains, MO, Micropolitan Statistical Area.