hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JNR Class D62
The JNR Class D62 (D62形) is a type of 2-8-4 wheel arrangement steam locomotive built by the Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1950 and 1951. They were designed by Hideo Shima and rebuilt at Hamamatsu Works between 1950 and 1951 in Japan to pull heavy freight trains though they can be seen on some passenger trains occasionally .

20 Class D62s were rebuilt from the earlier World War 2 built Class D52, which had a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement built between 1943-1946 in Japan’s empire which Japan allied with The Evil Axis powers led by Germany and Italy including Hungary and Romania Thailand .

Hamamatsu
Hamamatsu (浜松市, Hamamatsu-shi) is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. In September 2023, the city had an estimated population of 780,128 in 340,591 households, making it the prefecture's largest city, with a population density of 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi) over the total urban area of 1,558.06 km2 (601.57 sq mi). The city ranked first in the happiness index of Japan's government-designated cities, published by the Japan Research Institute, in both 2018 and 2022.
Elections in Scotland
Scotland has elections to several bodies: the Scottish Parliament, the United Kingdom Parliament, local councils and community councils. Before the United Kingdom left the European Union, Scotland elected members to the European Parliament.

North Lanarkshire
North Lanarkshire (Scots: North Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk, Stirling, South Lanarkshire, and West Lothian. The council area covers parts of the historic counties of Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire, and Stirlingshire. The council is based in Motherwell.

The area was formed in 1996, covering the districts of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, Motherwell, and Monklands, plus the Chryston and Auchinloch areas from Strathkelvin district, all of which had been in the Strathclyde region between 1975 and 1996. As a new single-tier authority, North Lanarkshire became responsible for all functions previously performed by both the regional council and the district councils, which were abolished.
Garden Story
Garden Story is an action role-playing game developed by Picogram and published by Rose City Games. The game was released for macOS, Windows, and Nintendo Switch on August 11, 2021, and for Xbox One on July 12, 2022. Limited Run Games announced that physical copies would be distributed in Q3 2022.

The game follows Concord, a grape who takes care of the kindergarten, which is tended by the youngest Greenling. Plum, the Guardian of Spring Hamlet, tells them that the Rot is causing the lack of new Greenlings. Plum appoints Concord as the new Guardian of Spring Hamlet, and Concord goes on a journey across the Grove to defeat the Rot. Garden Story received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the visuals and music, but were underwhelmed by the gameplay.

Game demo
A game demo is a trial version of a video game that is limited to a certain time period or a point in progress. A game demo comes in forms such as shareware, demo discs, downloadable software, and tech demos.
Gassman indole synthesis
The Gassman indole synthesis is a series of chemical reactions used to synthesize substituted indoles by addition of an aniline and a ketone bearing a thioether substituent.

This is a one-pot chemical reaction, and none of the intermediates are isolated. R1 can be hydrogen or alkyl, while R2 works best with aryl, but can also be alkyl. Electron-rich anilines, such as 4-methoxyaniline, tend to fail in this reaction.

The 3-position thiomethyl group is often removed using Raney nickel to give the 3-H-indole.

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
Fort Schuyler
Fort Schuyler is a preserved 19th century fortification in the New York City borough of the Bronx.  It houses a museum, the Stephen B. Luce Library, and the Marine Transportation Department and Administrative offices of the State University of New York Maritime College. It is considered one of the finest examples of early 19th century fortifications. The fort was named in honor of Major General Philip Schuyler of the Continental Army.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
The U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps (CAC) was an administrative corps responsible for coastal, harbor, and anti-aircraft defense of the United States and its possessions between 1901 and 1950. The CAC also operated heavy and railway artillery during World War I.
Twenty and Ten
Twenty and Ten is an American children's novel written by Claire Huchet Bishop and illustrated by William Pène du Bois, first published in 1952 by Viking Press. In 1973 it was republished with minor revisions as The Secret Cave.

Set in Beauvallon, Rhône, France in 1944, near the end of the Nazi occupation, it is a story about twenty French fifth-graders who helped shelter ten Jewish children from Nazi soldiers. May Hill Arbuthnot called it "exciting, often exceedingly funny and full of the gallantry of decent human beings".

In 1985 it was filmed as Miracle at Moreaux.

May Hill Arbuthnot
May Hill Arbuthnot (August 27, 1884 – October 2, 1969) was an American educator, editor, writer, and critic who devoted her career to the awareness and importance of children's literature. Her efforts expanded and enriched the selection of books for children, libraries, and children's librarians alike. She was selected for American Libraries  article "100 Most Important Leaders we had for the 20th Century".
Nadya Hutagalung
Nadya Yuti Hutagalung is an Indonesian-Australian model, actress, and presenter. She is known as the host and judge of the first two cycles of Asia's Next Top Model, one of the first VJs on MTV Asia, and a VJ on American MTV.

She was born in Sydney to an Australian mother and an Indonesian Batak father. Her first marriage was with Korean stuntman Jung Doo-hong in 1998. She later married Desmond Koh at the Uma Ubud in Bali on 16 December 2006, and currently resides in Singapore. She practices Buddhism.

Besides her modeling, she's also a MediaWorks artist, painter, and jewelry designer. She launched her sustainable jewelry line called OSEL, which means ŒClear Light¹ in Tibetan.

MNCTV
PT MNC Televisi Indonesia (previously PT Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia and PT Cipta Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia), operating as MNCTV (abbreviation for Media Nusantara Citra Television, formerly known as TPI) is an Indonesian private free-to-air television broadcaster. It was founded on 23 January 1990, at first broadcasting only educational programmes, but has since become similar to other Indonesian TV networks, showing programs such as quizzes, sinetron (soap operas), reality TV shows, sports shows, newscasts, and recently, dangdut music.
John Gresham
Sir John Gresham (1495 – 23 October 1556) was an English merchant, courtier and financier who worked for King Henry VIII of England, Cardinal Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell. He was Lord Mayor of London and founded Gresham's School. He was the brother of Sir Richard Gresham.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
Poonam Dasgupta
Poonam Dasgupta is an Indian actress. She is known for her roles in Bollywood films. She has also acted in Hindi television serials and in plays. After retiring from the film industry, she made a comeback with the play Begum Sahiba co-starring Rahul Roy. She has acted in series of Zee Horror Show episodes between 1993 and 1999.

Zee Horror Show
The Zee Horror Show is a weekly Indian horror anthology television series, presented by Ramsay Brothers and it was aired on Zee TV from 1993 to 2001.

The first episode was titled "Dastak", featuring Pankaj Dheer, Shagufta Ali and Archana Puran Singh, and telecast on 9 August 1993. Initially it was a 24-episode deal with Subhash Chandra; the franchise ended up running for nine years.
All-Ireland League (association football)
The All–Ireland League was a name given to a proposed all-Ireland association football league featuring teams from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The proposal was made in 2008, but was abandoned due to a lack of support from the authorities and clubs within the League of Ireland and the Irish Football League.

All-Ireland
All-Ireland (sometimes All-Island) is a term used to describe organisations and events whose interests extend over the entire island of Ireland, as opposed to the separate jurisdictions of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. "All-Ireland" is most frequently used to refer to sporting teams or events for the entire island, but also has related meanings in politics and religion.
He Is There and He Is Not Silent
He Is There and He Is Not Silent is a philosophical work written by American apologist and Christian theologian Francis A. Schaeffer, Wheaton, IL:Tyndale House, first published in 1972. It is Book Three in Volume One of The Complete Works of Francis A. Schaeffer A Christian Worldview. Westchester, IL:Crossway Books, 1982. This is the third book of Francis Schaeffer's "Trilogy."

Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.

Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers such as Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Anselm of Canterbury during Scholasticism.

Blaise Pascal was an active Christian apologist during the 17th century. In the modern period, Christianity was defended through the efforts of many authors such as John Henry Newman, G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as G. E. M. Anscombe.
George Trevelyan (priest)
George Trevelyan (17 December 1765 – 13 October 1827) was an Anglican priest in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Trevelyan was the son of Sir John Trevelyan Bt MP. He was educated at St Alban Hall, Oxford, matriculating in 1789, graduating BCL in 1797, and was ordained in 1797. He held livings at Nettlecombe, Somerset, Treborough and Huish Champflower. He was Archdeacon of Bath from 1815 to 1817; and  Archdeacon of Taunton from then until his death.

Nettlecombe, Somerset
Nettlecombe is a civil parish in the English county of Somerset. The parish covers a rural area below the Brendon Hills, comprising the small hamlets of Beggearn Huish, Torre, Woodford, and Yarde, together with isolated individual farms and homes. The parish population at the 2021 census was 426.

The parish takes its name from Nettlecombe Court, an Elizabethan manor house which was once the manorial centre of the area. There are no shops or other services within the parish, which is instead served by the village of Williton, to the north-east.
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by increased pressure where the esophagus connects to the stomach at the lower esophageal sphincter. EGJOO is diagnosed by esophageal manometry. However, EGJOO has a variety of etiologies; evaluating the cause of obstruction with additional testing, such as upper endoscopy, computed tomography (CT imaging), or endoscopic ultrasound may be necessary. When possible, treatment of EGJOO should be directed at the cause of obstruction. When no cause for obstruction is found (functional EGJOO), observation alone may be considered if symptoms are minimal. Functional EGJOO with significant or refractory symptoms may be treated with pneumatic dilation, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), or botulinum toxin injection.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), also called by various other names, is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum. It is considered a minimally invasive procedure since it does not require an incision into one of the major body cavities and does not require any significant recovery after the procedure (unless sedation or anesthesia has been used). However, a sore throat is common.
1962–63 County Antrim Shield
The 1962–63 County Antrim Shield was the 74th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Linfield won the tournament for the 27th time and 3rd consecutive season, defeating Bangor 4–0 in the final at Solitude.

Bangor F.C.
Bangor Football Club is a semi-professional Northern Irish football club playing in the NIFL Premiership. The club, founded in 1918, hails from Bangor and plays its home matches at Clandeboye Park. Club colours are gold and royal blue.
Michael Yo
Michael Yo Simmons is an American actor, stand-up comedian, and television host who co-hosted The Insider on CBS, and currently hosts Yo Show on Yahoo! TV. Yo also appears regularly on the comedy panel of Chelsea Lately, as a guest host for The Talk on CBS, and as pop culture commentator on Showbiz Tonight. Michael played football for the University of Arkansas, but his football career was cut short due to multiple concussions.

His film credits include Losing Control, The Cookout 2, and Sofia Coppola's Bling Ring.

Losing Control
Losing Control is a 2011 American romantic comedy film written, produced and directed by Valerie Weiss. Losing Control was released theatrically on March 23, 2012 in New York City and expanded to more cities on March 30, 2012.  The film won Best Director at the 2011 Feel Good Film Festival, Connie Clair Spirit Award for Top Female Filmmaker of 2011 at The Chicago Comedy Film Festival and First Honorable Mention for the Christopher Wetzel Independent Film Comedy Award.
Donald McKay (politician)
Donald McKay (January 13, 1836 – January 2, 1895) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 2nd Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1876 to 1886 and 1890 to 1893 as a Conservative member.

He was born in New London, Prince Edward Island, the son of Donald McKay, a Scottish immigrant. McKay married Jane Matheson. He was a justice of the peace, a commissioner for Small Debt Court, and a member of the board of Railway Commissioners.

He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1886 and 1893. McKay died in Oyster Bed Bridge at the age of 58.

2nd Queens
2nd Queens was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the western central portion of Queens County. It was abolished in 1996.
Sarah Pitt (microbiologist)
Dr Sarah Jane Pitt is a microbiologist at the University of Brighton and Fellow of the Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS). She has published three books on biomedical science, parasitology, and clinical microbiology with an emphasis on laboratory practice. She is the IBMS's chief examiner in virology.

On the 2nd of January 2025, Dr Pitt was announced as the President Elect of the IBMS, to support existing IBMS President Joanna Andrew throughout 2025 and step into the President role in 2026.

Laboratory
A laboratory (UK: /ləˈbɒrətəri/; US: /ˈlæbrətɔːri/; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratories are found in a variety of settings such as schools, universities, privately owned research institutions, corporate research and testing facilities, government regulatory and forensic investigation centers,  physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, regional and national referral centers, and even occasionally personal residences.
Artan Unit
The Artan unit is a Ukrainian battalion-level military unit, part of the spetsnaz units of the Main Directorate of Intelligence of Ukraine formed in 2022 as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and has taken part in multiple combat operations throughout the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Chornomornaftogaz
Chornomornaftogaz (Ukrainian: Чорноморнафтогаз, lit. "Black Sea oil and gas") is a Ukrainian oil and gas company with natural gas fields in the Black Sea.

The company was established in Ukrainian Simferopol, Crimea with the order of the Ministry of Gas Industry of the USSR on 20 October 1978 №209-org to develop oil and gas resources in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

It is legally a subsidiary of Ukraine's state-owned oil and gas company Naftogaz. However, after the 2014 Crimean crisis part of its property was seized by the region's parliament in the run-up to its annexation by Russia. There was also a privately owned oil company Chernomorneftegaz, registered in Moscow in 1998 and purchased by Rosneft in 2011, which is not linked to Chornomornaftogaz. In September 2023 the Ukrainian forces had re-taken the Boyko towers in the Black Sea, that belong to the Ukrainian company.
Niacin test
The niacin test has been widely used since the 1960s to identify mycobacteria at the species level in the clinical laboratory. The niacin test detects niacin (nicotinic acid) in aqueous extracts of a culture. M. tuberculosis strains that test negative for the niacin test are very rare.
Redox reactions happening in Mycobacterium species produce niacin as a part of energy metabolism. Even though all mycobacteria produce niacin, M. tuberculosis accumulates an excess of niacin because of its inability to process niacin, excreting the excess niacin into the culture media, thus allowing it to be detected using the niacin test. The niacin test is typically only conducted on slow-growing, granular, tan colored colonies, as these are the morphology characteristics of M. tuberculosis on an agar plate. Because of its affordability compared to expensive identification methods like pyrosequencing or MALDI-TOF MS that require expensive machines and reagents.

Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species of  Gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae) in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus's mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer containing high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.

Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrition. The genus is divided based on each species's pigment production and growth rate. While most Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus's characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses.
Aillon Charterhouse
Aillon Charterhouse, also Mont-Sainte-Marie Charterhouse (French: Chartreuse d'Aillon, Chartreuse Notre-Dame d'Aillon, Chartreuse de Mont-Sainte-Marie; Latin: [de] Monte Sancte-Marie de Allione), is a former Carthusian monastery, or charterhouse, located in the commune of Aillon-le-Jeune, in the Savoie department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

The monastery was founded in the Bauges Mountains in the second half of the 12th century by Count Humbert III of Savoy, who provided endowments to monks likely already established at the site. The only remaining building was listed as a historic monument in 1994. Since 2008, it has housed the Heritage Center of the Bauges Massif Regional Natural Park.

Charterhouse (monastery)
A charterhouse (French: chartreuse; German: Kartause; Italian: certosa; Portuguese: cartuxa; Spanish: cartuja) is a monastery of Carthusian monks. The English word is derived by phono-semantic matching from the French word chartreuse  and it is therefore sometimes misunderstood to indicate that the houses were created by charter, a grant of legal rights by a high authority.

The actual namesake is instead the first monastery of the order, the Grande Chartreuse, which St Bruno of Cologne established in a valley of the Chartreuse Mountains in 1084.

The London Charterhouse was the first English site to which this English version of the word was applied.
Tecpatl
In the Aztec culture, a tecpatl was a flint or obsidian knife with a lanceolate figure and double-edged blade, with elongated ends. Both ends could be rounded or pointed, but other designs were made with a blade attached to a handle. It can be represented with the top half red, reminiscent of the color of blood, in representations of human sacrifice and the rest white, indicating the color of the flint blade.

It was the sign of the eighteenth day, the twentieth day of the month of the Aztec calendar and the beginning of one of the twenty trecenas of the tonalpohualli.

The Tecpatl knife was traditionally used for human sacrifice by the Aztecs, but it also was the short-range weapon of the jaguar warriors. Although it may have seen only limited use on the battlefield, its sharp edges would have made it an effective sidearm.

Diego Durán
Diego Durán (c. 1537 – 1588) was a Dominican friar best known for his authorship of one of the earliest Western books on the history and culture of the Aztecs, The History of the Indies of New Spain, a book that was much criticised in his lifetime for helping the "heathen" maintain their culture.

Also known as the Durán Codex, The History of the Indies of New Spain was completed in about 1581. Durán also wrote Book of the Gods and Rites (1574–1576), and Ancient Calendar (c. 1579). He was fluent in Nahuatl, the Aztec language, and was therefore able to consult natives and Aztec codices as well as work done by earlier friars. His empathetic nature allowed him to gain the confidence of many native people who would not share their stories with other Europeans, and was able to document many previously unknown folktales and legends that make his work unique.