hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arvid Noe
Arne Vidar Røed (23 July 1946 – 24 April 1976), known in medical literature by the anagram Arvid Darre Noe, was a Norwegian sailor and truck driver who contracted one of the earliest confirmed cases of HIV/AIDS. He was the first confirmed HIV case in Europe, though the disease was not identified at the time of his death.

The virus spread to his wife and youngest daughter, both of whom also died. It was the first documented cluster of AIDS cases before the AIDS epidemic of the early 1980s.

The researchers studying the cases referred to Røed as the "Norwegian sailor", or the anagram "Arvid Darre Noe" to conceal his identity. His true name, Arne Vidar Røed, became known long after his death.

Anagram
An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. For example, the word anagram itself can be rearranged into the phrase "nag a ram"; which is an Easter egg suggestion in Google after searching for the word "anagram".

The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in another order is an anagram. Someone who creates anagrams may be called an "anagrammatist", and the goal of a serious or skilled anagrammatist is to produce anagrams that reflect or comment on their subject.
Luca Bianchini and Anna Trombetta
Luca Bianchini (Sondrio, December 28, 1961) and his wife Anna Trombetta (Torino, September 11, 1964) are two Italian musicians, musicologists and music critics with degrees in musicology from the Cremona School of Palaeography and Musical Philology.
The duo is known for their extensive studies on Mozart's musical life and work. 
Their Mozartian investigations have revealed some surprising aspects about the authorship of the composer's works and have caused quite a stir in musical circles, finding either support or rejection from their musicologist colleagues.

Sondrio
Sondrio (Italian: [ˈsondrjo] ⓘ; Lombard: Sùndri; Romansh: Sunder; archaic German: Sünders or Sonders; Latin: Sundrium) is an Italian city, comune and administrative centre for the province of Sondrio, located in the heart of the Valtellina. As of 2015, Sondrio counted approximately 21,876 inhabitants. In 2007, Sondrio was named the Alpine Town of the Year.
Telisotuzumab vedotin
Telisotuzumab vedotin, sold under the brand name Emrelis, is an antibody drug conjugate used for the treatement of non-small cell lung cancer. Telisotuzumab vedotin is a c-Met-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate. It was developed by AbbVie.

The most common adverse reactions include peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, decreased appetite, and peripheral edema. The most common grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities include decreased lymphocytes, increased glucose, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased gamma glutamyl transferase, decreased phosphorus, decreased sodium, decreased hemoglobin, and decreased calcium.

Telisotuzumab vedotin was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2025.

AbbVie
AbbVie Inc. is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in North Chicago, Illinois. They have produced drugs to treat a wide range of medical issues.

The company is ranked sixth on the list of largest biomedical companies by revenue. It is ranked 77th on the Fortune 500 and 108th on the Forbes Global 2000.

The name "AbbVie" is derived from a combination of "Abbott", the name of its former parent company, with "vie", intended as a reference to a Latin root meaning 'life'.
Luna\TBWA
Luna \TBWA is a Slovenian advertising agency based in Ljubljana. Its clients include Atlantic Grupa, Pivovarna Laško, Heineken, NLB, Krka, Telekom Slovenije, Nissan, Slovenske železnice. In March 2012, Luna \TBWA was proclaimed the best Slovenian advertising agency of 2011 at the Slovenian Advertising Festival.

The agency was founded by Mitja Milavec in 1990 (then called Luna d.o.o.). In 2002, the agency conjoined the global advertising network TBWA (Luna \TBWA d.o.o.) and started the Slovenian division of the Omnicom Group brand OMD. In 2003, it established the regional advertising network TBWA Adriatic, established in 2003, with agencies in Zagreb, Belgrade, Sarajevo and Sofia.

As of 2025, Luna \TBWA has been awarded with three Euro Effie awards, making them the most Euro Effie awarded agency in Slovenia.

Advertising agency
An advertising agency, often referred to as a creative agency or an ad agency, is a business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its clients. An ad agency is generally independent of the client; it may be an internal department or agency that provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services, or an outside firm. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and promotions for its clients, which may include sales as well.

Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and private agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television advertisements, radio advertisements, online advertising, out-of-home advertising, mobile marketing, and AR advertising, as part of an advertising campaign.
HMS Paragon
Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Paragon:

Paragon was a 42-gun ship launched in 1633 as Henrietta Maria. She was renamed Paragon in 1650 and was burnt at sea in 1655.

HMS Paragon 1803, a hired armed ship, hired circa 30 Dec 1803, and returned to owners circa 14 Apr 1805. ADM 51/403 Captains' logs 1803 Dec 30-1805 Apr 14 held by National Archives.

HMS Paragon (1913) was an Acasta-class destroyer launched in 1913 and sunk in 1917.

Stockton Communication Training Centre commissioned HMS Paragon 7 October 1984

Acasta-class destroyer
The Acasta class (in September 1913 re-designated the K class) was a class of twenty destroyers built for the Royal Navy under the Naval Programme of 1911 - 1912 that saw service during World War I. They were the last class of Royal Navy destroyers to have mixed names with no systematic theme (see naming conventions for destroyers of the Royal Navy for more information.) When the class was designated as "K", names beginning with that letter were allocated to the ships but never used.  The class saw extensive wartime service and seven were lost, including four at the Battle of Jutland.
Embassy of Turkmenistan, Washington, D.C.
The Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of Turkmenistan to the United States. It is located at 2207 Massachusetts Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Embassy Row neighborhood.

The ambassador is Meret Bayramovich Orazov.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
John P. Kane Mansion
John P. Kane Mansion, also known as High Lindens, is a historic home located at Huntington Bay in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1850 and is a three-story, flat roofed clapboard residence with deep overhanging eaves on massive scrollsawn brackets which frame frieze windows. It is representative of the Italianate style.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

The main part of this house was built in 1843 by Dr. Rheinlander. The porches and side wings were added on By the Kanes in 1850.

Huntington Bay, New York
Huntington Bay is a village in the Town of Huntington in Suffolk County, on East Neck on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 1,425 at the time of the 2010 census. It is considered part of the greater Huntington area, which is anchored by Huntington.
Mosaic moray
The mosaic moray (Enchelycore ramosa) is a  moray eel of the genus Enchelycore, found in south-eastern Australia and around the offshore islands off Northland on the North Island of New Zealand at depths down to 100 metres, in reef areas of broken rock.  Their length is between 40 and 180 centimetres (up to 6 feet), making them the largest known member of their genus.

Moray eel
Moray eels, or Muraenidae (/ˈmɒreɪ, məˈreɪ/), are a family of eels whose members are found worldwide. There are approximately 200 species in 16 genera which are almost exclusively marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a few are found in fresh water.

The English name, moray, dates back to the early 17th century, and is believed to be a derivative from Portuguese moreia, which itself derives from Latin mūrēna, in turn from Greek μύραινα, muraina; these are the Latin and Greek names of the Mediterranean moray.
Samuel Kettell
Samuel Kettell (1800–1855) was an American writer.  He also wrote under the name "Sampson Short-and-fat".

He compiled  Specimens of American Poetry, with Critical and Biographical Notices, the first comprehensive anthology of American poetry, which was published by Samuel Griswold Goodrich in 1829. The three volume collection included 188 poets, a historical introduction, and chronological listing of American poetry. The volumes came to be dubbed "Goodrich's Kettle of Poetry."

From September 1847 to March 1848 Kettell edited Merry's Museum.

Samuel Griswold Goodrich
Samuel Griswold Goodrich (August 19, 1793 – May 9, 1860), better known by his pseudonym Peter Parley, was an American author and politician who established the children's magazine Merry's Museum. He was a Massachusetts State Senator in 1837.
Chaokai railway
The Chaokai railway (simplified Chinese: 朝开铁路; traditional Chinese: 朝開鐵路; pinyin: Cháokāi Tiělù) is a 58.4 km (36.3 mi) freight-only railway line of the China Railway in Jilin, connecting Chaoyangchuan on the Changtu Railway with Kaishantun. The line formerly crossed the Tumen River to reach Sambong in modern-day North Korea, but the bridge has since had the tracks removed, and is in use as a road crossing.

Chaoyangchuan
Chaoyangchuan is a town in Yanji, Yanbian, Jilin, China. It has a total population of 54,000 and an area of 393 sq km. 65% of the population is Korean.

Chaoyangchuan is divided into the following divisions:

Residential communities:

Shengli Community (胜利社区)

Wenhua Community (文化社区)

Chunguang Community (春光社区)

Chaoyang Community (朝阳社区)

Heping Community (和平社区)

Villages:

Jicheng Village (​吉成村)

Qinlao Village (勤劳村)

Taidong Village (太东村)

Guangshi Village (光石村)

Dexin Village (德新村)

Hexing Village (合成村)

Sanfeng Village (三峰村)

Sancheng Village (​三成村)

Dongfeng Village (​东丰村)

Changqing Village (长青村)

Guangrong Village (​光荣村)

Chaoyang Village (朝阳村)

Longsheng Village (龙盛村)

Liuxin Village (柳新村)

Hengdao Village (​横道村)

Zhongping Village (仲坪村)

Taixing Village (​太兴村)

Badao Village (八道村)

Changsheng Village (长胜村)

Pingdao Village (​平道村)
Microbial hyaluronic acid production
Microbial hyaluronic acid production refers to the process by which microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast, are utilized in fermentation to synthesize hyaluronic acid (HA). HA is used in a wide range of medical, cosmetic, and biological products because of its high moisture retention and viscoelasticity qualities. HA had originally been extracted from rooster combs in limited quantities. However, challenges such as low yields, high production costs, and ethical issues associated with animal-derived HA has driven the development of microbial production methods for HA.

Although there are other methods for instance chemical synthesis and modification, chemoenzymatic synthesis, enzymatic synthesis; microbial fermentation has been preferred to produce HA because of economical advantages.

Comb (anatomy)
A comb is a fleshy growth or crest on the top of the head of some gallinaceous birds, such as domestic chickens. The alternative name cockscomb (with several spelling variations) reflects the fact that combs are generally larger on cock birds than on hens. The comb is one of several fleshy protuberances on the heads of chickens, the others being the wattles and  earlobes, which collectively are called caruncles. In turkeys, the caruncles are the fleshy nodules on the head and throat.

Chicken combs are most commonly red, but may also be black or dark purple in breeds such as the Silkie or the Sebright. In other species the color may vary from light grey to deep blue or red.

The comb may be a reliable indicator of health or vigor and is used for mate-assessment in some poultry species.
Auraj
Auraj (Bengali: অরাজ, romanized: oraj) is a Bangladeshi anarchist and feminist organization. Founded around 2019, it primarily focuses on translating and publishing anarchist texts while supporting other movements.

Anarchist communism
Anarchist communism is a far-left political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates a form of communism. It calls for the abolition of hierarchies, as well as private property but retention of personal property and collectively owned items, goods, and services. It supports social ownership of property and the distribution of resources (i.e. from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs).

Anarchist communism was first formulated as such in the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association. The theoretical work of Peter Kropotkin took importance later as it expanded and developed pro-organizationalist and insurrectionary anti-organizationalist section. Examples of anarchist communist societies are the anarchist territories of the Makhnovshchina during the Russian Revolution, and those of the Spanish Revolution, most notably revolutionary Catalonia.
Royal Canadian Legion Cadet Medal of Excellence
The Royal Canadian Legion Cadet Medal of Excellence is a Canadian Cadet medal, which is available to members of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets, Royal Canadian Army Cadets, and the Royal Canadian Air Cadets. The Legion Medal of Excellence is awarded by the Royal Canadian Legion to Cadets who have displayed excellence in citizenship outside of the Cadet program. The medal is awarded to one Cadet per corps/squadron annually. The Legion Medal of Excellence is worn centred on the right breast pocket, touching the top of the pocket. This medal is not part of the Canadian Honours System and should only be worn on cadet and legion uniforms.

Canadian Cadet Organizations
The Canadian Cadet Organizations, marketed under the name of Cadets Canada, are a youth program known as the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets, Royal Canadian Army Cadets, and Royal Canadian Air Cadets. The program is sponsored by and funded by the Department of National Defence and through support from the civilian Navy League, the Army Cadet League and the Air Cadet League, as well as local community sponsors that include service organizations and parent sponsoring groups supervised by the Leagues.
Bad River (Michigan)
The Bad River is a 44.3-mile-long (71.3 km) river in Michigan. It rises in Newark Township near the city of Ithaca in Gratiot County and flows in a north-easterly direction into Saginaw County, and through the village of St. Charles, before emptying into the Shiawassee River within the bounds of the Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge.

The river and its tributaries have a total combined length of 175 miles (282 km); most of it channelized. Land use within the surrounding watershed is 86.5 percent agricultural; as a result, the river system has been adversely impacted by sedimentation.

The name "Bad River" comes from the Chippewa Indians who called the river "maw-tchi-sebe" or quite literally, "bad river," because of how difficult it was for them to navigate it.

Ithaca, Michigan
Ithaca is a city and the county seat of Gratiot County, Michigan. It is located very near the geographical center of the state's lower peninsula. The population was 2,853 at the 2020 census. Ithaca is run as a council-manager government. It sits at the conjunction of four townships in the center of the county: Emerson Township to the northeast, Arcada Township to the northwest, Newark Township to the southwest, and North Star Township to the southeast, but is administratively autonomous.
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerve(s). This condition is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly.  The optic disc appears abnormally small because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. The optic nerve, responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1.2 million nerve fibers in the average person. In those diagnosed with ONH, however, there are noticeably fewer nerves.

Optic disc
The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye.

The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve after they leave the eye. The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc in a normal human eye carries 1–1.2 million afferent nerve fibers from the eye toward the brain. The optic disc is also the entry point for the major arteries that supply the retina with blood, and the exit point for the veins from the retina.
Canton of Toulouse-5
The canton of Toulouse-5 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Toulouse.

It consists of the following communes:

Toulouse (partly)

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Muhammad Ali Mazidi
Muhammad Ali Mazidi (May 10, 1954 – August 30, 2022) was an Iranian-born electrical engineer, author, and lecturer based in Texas. He was the co-author of The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers, a widely used textbook published by Prentice Hall, as well as the widely cited author of several editions of The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems.

Mazidi went to Tabriz University and held master's degrees from both Southern Methodist University and the University of Texas at Dallas. He founded MicroDigitalEd and taught microprocessor-based system design. He was also a scholar of and occasional lecturer on the Baháʼí Faith.

University of Tabriz
The University of Tabriz (Persian: دانشگاه تبريز, Dāneshgāh-e Tabriz) is a public university located in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, with the fundamental aim of creating a center of excellence in higher education and research. It is one of the top five high-ranked universities in Iran and one of the ten most selective universities in the country. The University of Tabriz is the second-oldest university in Iran after the University of Tehran, and has the second largest campus area in the country which is the biggest academic institution in northwest of the country. The university is also a member of the Caucasus University Association.

Today, Funding for the University of Tabriz is provided by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Admission to the university for Iranian applicants is through national entrance examination which is administered annually by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and for international applicants through some exclusive regulations.
Keith Madison
Keith Madison (born 1951) is a former head coach of the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team. He coached the Wildcats from 1979 to 2003, and remains the most winning baseball coach in the history of UK Baseball.

American Baseball Coaches Association
The American Baseball Coaches Association (ABCA) is the world’s largest amateur baseball coaching organization and a leading professional association for baseball coaches across all levels of the sport. Founded in 1945, the ABCA represents over 15,000 members from all 50 U.S. states and more than 40 countries worldwide, encompassing coaches from youth, high school, junior college, NAIA, and NCAA divisions.

The ABCA advances the profession of coaching through education, advocacy, resources, and community building. It organizes the annual ABCA Convention, which is recognized as the world’s largest baseball convention, and supports year-round coaching education through clinics, publications, webinars and digital resources.
1931 Latvian Riga Cathedral referendum
A referendum on the transfer of Riga Cathedral to the Lutheran Church was held in Latvia on 5 and 6 September 1931. Following a 1923 referendum the Lutheran Church had been forced to share the cathedral with the Roman Catholic Church. The referendum was passed by a large margin, and despite a voter turnout of only 32%, the government decided to proceed with the legislation. The outcome of the referendum led to an increase in the popularity of civic parties in the parliamentary elections in October.

Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Evaņģēliski luteriskā baznīca, or LELB) is a Lutheran Protestant church in Latvia. Latvia's Lutheran heritage dates back to the Reformation. The church reports having 250,000 members according to the Lutheran World Federation.
How to Buy, Sell, and Profit on eBay
How to Buy, Sell, and Profit on eBay is a book by Adam Ginsberg about how to start a business selling things on the online marketplace and auction website eBay. The book was first published in 2005 by HarperCollins.

Online marketplace
An online marketplace (or online e-commerce marketplace) is a type of e-commerce website where product or service information is provided by multiple third parties. Online marketplaces are the primary type of multichannel ecommerce and can be a way to streamline the production process.

In an online marketplace, consumer transactions are processed by the marketplace operator and then delivered and fulfilled by the participating retailers or wholesalers. These types of websites allow users to register and sell single items to many items for a "post-selling" fee.

Because marketplaces aggregate products from a wide array of providers, the selection is wider, and availability is higher than in vendor-specific online retail stores. Some online marketplaces have a wide variety of general interest products that cater to almost all the needs of the consumers, others are consumer specific and cater to a particular segment.
Shauna Grant
Colleen Marie Applegate (May 30, 1963 – March 23, 1984), known professionally as Shauna Grant, was an American pornographic actress and nude model. During her two-year career, she appeared in over 30 pornographic films, earning up to $100,000. Grant died by suicide after the arrest of her cocaine-dealing partner in March 1984. She was inducted into the XRCO Hall of Fame in 1999.

Mastedon
Mastedon is a Christian rock band formed by brothers Dino and John Elefante (former lead singer and songwriter of Kansas) in the mid-1980s. The band was formed mainly as a studio project and have released three full-length albums and two stand-alone songs on compilation albums.
Mastedon signed with Italian label Frontiers Records in 2009 and release Mastedon 3.