hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gold reserve
A gold reserve is the gold held by a national central bank, intended mainly as a guarantee to redeem promises to pay depositors, note holders (e.g. paper money), or trading peers, during the eras of the gold standard, and also as a store of value, or to support the value of the national currency.

The World Gold Council estimates that all the gold ever mined, and that is accounted for, totalled 190,040 metric tons in 2019 but other independent estimates vary by as much as 20%. At the price of $144 per gram reached on 25 December  2025, one metric ton of gold has a value of approximately $144 million. The total value of all gold ever mined, and that is accounted for, would exceed $27 trillion at that valuation and using WGC 2017 estimates.

Store of value
A store of value is any commodity or asset that would normally retain purchasing power into the future and is the function of the asset that can be saved, retrieved and exchanged at a later time, and be predictably useful when retrieved.

The most common store of value in modern times has been money, currency, or a commodity like a precious metal or financial capital. The point of any store of value is risk management due to a stable demand for the underlying asset.
1968 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1968 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. Led by fourth-year head coach George Blackburn, the Cavaliers compiled an overall record of 7–3 with a mark of 4–2 in conference play, placing third in the ACC. The team played home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia.

The 1966 was the program's first winning season since 1952, and Cavaliers' performance in conference play was their best since joining the ACC in 1954. The team's star was running back Frank Quayle, who set the conference single-season rushing record with 1,213 yards and was named ACC Player of the Year. Blackburn was named ACC Coach of the Year.

1952 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1952 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1952 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by seventh-year head coach Art Guepe and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They finished with 8 wins for the third consecutive year, but were not invited to a bowl game. After the season, Guepe left Virginia to accept the head coaching position at Vanderbilt. He had a record of 47–17–2 at Virginia, and his winning percentage of .727 remains the highest among Virginia head coaches who coached more than one year.
Cave of the Lakes
The Cave of the Lakes (Greek: Σπήλαιο των Λιμνών, romanized: Spilaio ton Limnon), formerly called Troupisio, is located near the village Kastria in the municipality of Kalavryta, Achaea regional unit. It is 17 km (11 miles) from Kalavryta and 9 km (6 miles) from Kleitoria.

The cave is an old subterranean river consisting of three levels. During the winter when the snow melts it is transformed into a flowing river with waterfalls. During the summer, it dries up, leaving behind 13 lakes.

Regional units of Greece
The 74 regional units of Greece are the country's third-level administrative units (counting decentralized administrations as first-level). They are subdivisions of the country's 13 regions, and are further divided into municipalities.

They were introduced as part of the Kallikratis administrative reform on 1 January 2011 and are comparable in area and, on the mainland, coterminous with the "pre-Kallikratis" prefectures of Greece.
Mónika Járomi
Mónika Járomi (born 6 January 1973) is a retired Hungarian Paralympic swimmer. At the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, she won two medals, including one gold. In addition, she is also a two-time World Champion.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Hellboy Web of Wyrd
Hellboy Web of Wyrd is a beat 'em up roguelike game developed by British studio Upstream Arcade and originally published by Good Shepherd Entertainment. The game was released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on 18 October 2023. It received mixed reviews from critics.

Good Shepherd Entertainment
Good Shepherd Entertainment (formerly Gambitious Digital Entertainment) is a Dutch video game publisher based in Amsterdam. The company was founded in 2011 and opened its equity crowdfunding platform in September 2012. Gambitious' publishing label was opened in 2014, offering publishing services. In August 2017, Gambitious Digital Entertainment was rebranded Good Shepherd Entertainment whereas they ceased their crowdfunding activities and fully transitioned into being a publisher. Having been a consultant to the company prior,  Brian Grigsby now became the CEO of the company.
Sathyan Anthikad
Sathyan Anthikad is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and lyricist who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema. In a career spanning five decades he has directed more than 50 films, been the lyricist for 12 films and been the scriptwriter for 6 films. He is the recipient of several accolades including a National Film Award, five Kerala State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards. He received the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Humour in 2019 for his book, Eeswaran Mathram Sakshi.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Journal of Economic Issues
The Journal of Economic Issues is an academic journal of economics. The current editor-in-chief is William Waller (Hobart and William Smith Colleges).
It is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Association for Evolutionary Economics.

Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Hobart and William Smith Colleges is a private liberal arts college in Geneva, New York. It traces its origins to Geneva Academy established in 1797. Students can choose from over 70 areas of study with degrees in Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science in Management, and Master of Arts in Higher Education Leadership.

HWS also offers joint-degree programs in engineering with Dartmouth College or Columbia University, and in law with Cornell Law School.

The president is Mark D. Gearan, former director of the Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics. From 1995 to 1999, he served as the director of the Peace Corps.
Friedhelm Eicker
Friedhelm Eicker (5 April 1927 – 19 March 2022) was a German statistician and former professor at the University of Dortmund. He is known for his contributions in the development of heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors.

A native of Radevormwald, Eicker earned his PhD from the University of Mainz in 1956.

University of Mainz
The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (German: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. It has been named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. As of 2018, it had approximately 32,000 students enrolled in around 100 academic programs. The university is organized into 11 faculties.

The university is a member of the German U15, a group of fifteen major research and medical universities in Germany. It also participates in the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar and forms part of the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU) along with Goethe University Frankfurt and Technische Universität Darmstadt.

The first university of Mainz was founded in 1477, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, although it was later closed and re-founded 148 years later.
Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam
Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam (1610 – 13 June 1665) was a Dutch States Navy officer and nobleman who became lieutenant admiral, and supreme commander of the Dutch navy. He had as official titles Banner Lord of Wassenaer, and Lord Obdam, Hensbroek, Spanbroek, Opmeer, Zuidwijk and Kernhem. The name Obdam was then also spelled as Opdam. Contemporary English sources typically refer to him as Admiral Opdam or Lord Obdam because it was not until 1657 that he bought the Wassenaar Estate from relatives and thus acquired its title. Modern Dutch sources sometimes less correctly insert a second "van" between "Wassenaer" and "Obdam" or use the modern spelling "Wassenaar".

Windward and leeward
In geography and seamanship, windward (/ˈwɪndwərd/ WIND-wərd, /ˈwɪnərd/ WIN-ərd) and leeward (/ˈliːwərd/ LEE-wərd, /ˈljuːərd/ LEW-ərd) are directions relative to the wind. Windward is upwind from the point of reference, i.e., towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is downwind from the point of reference, i.e., along the direction towards which the wind is going.

The side of a ship that is towards the leeward is its "lee side". If the vessel is heeling under the pressure of crosswind, the lee side will be the "lower side". During the Age of Sail, the term weather was used as a synonym for windward in some contexts, as in the weather gage.

Since it captures rainfall, the windward side of a mountain tends to be wetter than the leeward side it blocks. The drier leeward area is said to be in a rain shadow.
The Yankee Clipper (film)
The Yankee Clipper is a 65-minute 1927 American silent adventure film directed by Rupert Julian. It is set against the maritime rivalry between the United States and Great Britain in the mid-19th century.

William Boyd (actor)
William Lawrence Boyd (June 5, 1895 – September 12, 1972) was an American actor and film producer, known for portraying the cowboy hero Hopalong Cassidy in dozens of Western films released during the 1930s and '40s.
Catacomb of Sant'Ilaria
The Catacomb of Sant'Ilaria is a small catacomb on the left side of the ancient via Salaria, under the modern villa Ada in the modern Parioli quartiere of Rome. Named after Saint Hilaria, mother of Saint Afra, it is entered through a modern entrance.

A narrow communication tunnel was opened between it and the neighbouring Catacomb of the Iordani in the 18th century by relic hunters and tomb robbers. That of Sant'Ilaria was visited at the end of the 16th century by Antonio Bosio, who described frescoes from it in his posthumously-published Roma sotterranea. Little of these paintings survives - only the horses' heads and a running figure remain in those in the so-called 'arcosolium of the charioteer'.

Saint Afra
Saint Afra (died 304) was martyred during the Diocletian persecution. Along with Saint Ulrich & St Simpert, she is a patron saint of Augsburg. Her feast day is August 7. Afra was dedicated to the service of the goddess Venus by her mother, Hilaria. Through his teachings, Bishop Narcissus converted Afra and her family to Christianity. When it was learned that Afra was a Christian, she was brought before Diocletian and ordered to sacrifice to the pagan gods. She refused and was condemned to death by fire.
Alexandra Park, Manchester
Alexandra Park is a 60-acre (24 ha) park in Whalley Range, Manchester, England, on the border of Moss Side, Manchester, on the border of Fallowfield, Manchester, designed by Alexander Gordon Hennell, and opened to the public in 1870. The lodge and gateways are the work of Alfred Darbyshire. The park was developed by Manchester Corporation before the area was incorporated into the city, the site being purchased in 1864 from William Egerton, 1st Baron Egerton. The roads to the East and West sides of the park were named Princess Road and Alexandra Road, also in honour of Princess Alexandra.

Fallowfield
Fallowfield is a bustling area of Manchester with a population of 14,869 at the 2021 census. Historically in Lancashire, it lies 3 miles (5 km) south of Manchester city centre and is bisected east–west by Wilbraham Road and north–south by Wilmslow Road. The former Fallowfield Loop railway line, now a shared use path, follows a route nearly parallel with the east–west main road (Moseley Road/Wilbraham Road).

The area has a large student population. The University of Manchester's main accommodation complex – the Fallowfield Campus – occupies a large area in the north; this is adjacent to the university's Owens Park halls of residence and the Firs Botanical Grounds. In the northwest of the suburb is Platt Fields Park, which is formed from part of the land that once belonged to the Platts of Platt Hall.
TY-90
TY-90 (Chinese: 天燕-90; pinyin: Tiān Yàn-90; lit. 'Sky Swallow-90'; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-13) is a Chinese air-to-air missile specifically developed for attack helicopter dogfights. Contrary to erroneous claims, the missile is not developed from MANPADS missiles, but instead, it is specifically designed as an air-to-air missile to engage in helicopter combat.

Dogfight
A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft that is conducted at close range. Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is air combat manoeuvring (ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from aerial warfare, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions.

Dogfighting first occurred during the Mexican Revolution in 1913, shortly after the invention of the airplane. It was a component of every major war after that, though with steadily declining frequency, until the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Since then, longer-range weapons such as beyond-visual-range missiles have made dogfighting largely obsolete.
Si Nut MRT station
Si Nut station (Thai: สถานีศรีนุช, pronounced [sā.tʰǎː.nīː sǐː nút]) is a Bangkok MRT station on the Yellow Line. The station is located on Srinagarindra Road in Suan Luang District, Bangkok and is a portmanteau of the names of Srinagarindra and On Nut roads, which intersect adjacent to the station. The station has four entrances. It opened on 3 June 2023 as part of trial operations on the line between Samrong and Hua Mak.

On Nut Road
On Nut Road (Thai: ถนนอ่อนนุช, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn ʔɔ̀ːn nút]) is the name of a road in Bangkok and the neighbourhood that it passes through. Its name "On Nut", was set in honour of the surname of the land donor to build the early section of the road. As a soi (side street) branching off Sukhumvit Road (Highway 3), the road is also known as Soi Sukhumvit 77 (ซอยสุขุมวิท 77). On Nut is considered an important street in eastern Bangkok, providing a shortcut connecting various main roads. Communities of both Thai and foreign residents can be found along On Nut, which passes many condominiums and international schools.
2012–13 Lebanese Basketball League
The 2012–2013 season was the 17th edition of the Lebanese Basketball League. The regular season began on Friday, November 2, 2012 and ended on Monday March 4, 2013. The playoffs began on Thursday, March 7 and ended in the Semifinals on Sunday May 26, 2013, after the League got cancelled.

Sagesse SC (basketball)
Sagesse Sports Club (French:  Club Sportif de la Sagesse), known as Hekmeh  in Arabic, is a Lebanese sports club founded in 1943 and is based in Beirut.

The basketball team was established in 1992, as part of the Club Sagesse which was known mainly for its football (soccer) team. Sagesse BC quickly rose to fame nationally and internationally due to its unprecedented success across all competitions. Their rivalry with Al Riyadi, dubbed the Beirut derby, is the most anticipated basketball game in Lebanon
Nimisha Suthar
Nimishaben Manharsinh Suthar is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party. In May 2021, she was elected as a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Morva Hadaf (constituency). She defeated Suresh Katara of Indian National Congress by 45,649 votes in 2021 By-elections.

Gujarat Legislative Assembly
The Gujarat Legislative Assembly (ISO: Gujārāt Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat, in the state capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from single-member constituencies (seats). It has a term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes.  From its majority party group or by way of a grand coalition cabinet of its prominent members, the state's Executive namely the Government of Gujarat is formed.

Since 1995, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly has been controlled by the Bharatiya Janata Party with an absolute majority in the House.
Uraicecht Becc
Uraicecht Becc (Old Irish for "Small Primer"; uraicecht is a variant of airaiccecht [air- 'before' + aiccecht 'instruction,' from Latin acceptum], 'primer') is an Old Irish legal tract on status. Of all status tracts, it has the greatest breadth in coverage, including not only commoners, kings, churchmen and poets, but also a variety of other professional groups, including judges. However, it does not go into as much detail for each group and level as do other status tracts. T.M. Charles-Edwards suggests that it is "almost certainly of Munster origin", as it asserts the supremacy of the king of Munster above other Irish kings and makes reference to the monasteries of Emly and Cork.

Emly
Emly or Emlybeg (Irish: Imleach Iubhair, meaning 'Border of lake of yews') is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is a civil parish in the historical barony of Clanwilliam. It is also a Catholic parish in the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly.

The village is 14 km west of Tipperary town, on the R515 road which goes from Tipperary town to Abbeyfeale, County Limerick.

Emly had a population of 302 in 2016.
Battle of Bosco Marengo
The Battle of Bosco Marengo (aka Battle of Frascata) was fought in the autumn of 1447.

The Duke of Orleans, Charles I, son of Valentina Visconti, laid claim to the Duchy of Milan and dispatched an army from the Dauphiné and Lyonais under Renaud du Dresnay into Lombardy. The Golden Ambrosian Republic responded and dispatched a total of 3,700 troops under Colleoni to Alessandria. At Bosco Marengo, battle was joined and the French suffered a complete defeat with their general Renaud du Dresnay being captured and later ransomed for 14,000 'couronnes'.

Bartolomeo Colleoni
Bartolomeo Colleoni (Italian pronunciation: [bartoloˈmɛːo kolleˈoːni]; 1400 – 2 November 1475) was an Italian condottiero who served as the captain-general of the Republic of Venice. Colleoni gained a reputation as one of the foremost tacticians and disciplinarians of the 15th century. He is also credited with refurbishing the Roman baths at Trescore Balneario.
Conisbrough Viaduct
Conisbrough Viaduct is a former railway viaduct, near to Cadeby and Conisbrough in South Yorkshire, England. The viaduct consists of two sections of brick and stone on each bank, connected by a lattice girder section, some 113–116 feet (34–35 m) over the River Don. The height and space were required should shipping need to navigate along the river. The viaduct carried the Dearne Valley Railway over the River Don between 1909 and 1966, after closure it was converted into a foot and cycle path. The structure is grade II listed, and is notable for being one of the first bridges in Britain to be built using a rope system above the viaduct known as a "Blondin".

The viaduct was 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Edlington Halt, and 17 miles (27 km) south of Crofton Junction.

River Don, Yorkshire
The River Don (also called River Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 69 miles (111 km) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is a UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
Army of Thieves
Army of Thieves is a 2021 heist comedy film directed by Matthias Schweighöfer from a screenplay by Shay Hatten, based on a story he wrote with Zack Snyder. A prequel to the post-apocalyptic zombie heist film Army of the Dead (2021), it is the second and final installment in the Army of the Dead franchise; the film stars Schweighöfer, who reprises his role as Ludwig Dieter, alongside a supporting cast that includes Nathalie Emmanuel, Ruby O. Fee, Stuart Martin, Guz Khan, and Jonathan Cohen. Filming began in Germany and the Czech Republic in October 2020, and concluded by December 2020.

Army of Thieves was released on Netflix on October 29, 2021. It received lukewarm reviews from critics who praised the performances of Schweighöfer and Emmanuel as well as Schweighöfer's direction, but criticized the plot for being unoriginal.

Stuart Martin
Stuart Martin (born 8 January 1986) is a Scottish actor. He is known for his roles in the Channel 4 comedy-drama Babylon (2014),  as well as the historical dramas Medici: Masters of Florence (2016), Jamestown (2017–2019), and Miss Scarlet and The Duke (2020–2024).
Margaret Roding
Margaret Roding is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. The village is included in the eight hamlets and villages called The Rodings. Margaret Roding is 7 miles (11 km) north-west from the county town of Chelmsford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 215.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.