hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4 × 400 metres relay at the World Athletics Championships
The 4 × 400 metres relay at the World Championships in Athletics has been contested by both men and women since the inaugural edition in 1983.  The competition features three formats in relation to gender: men, women, and mixed.  The 2019 edition added in the mixed competition. The format utilizes one set of heats qualifying the top 8 into a final.

The United States holds all the championship records in this event.  For both the men and women, the record has been held since 1993 with a time of 2:54.29 for the men and 3:16.71 for the women. In the mixed competition, a time of 3:09.34 was set in 2019.  For the men and the mixed records, they are also both world records.

Jerome Young
Jerome Young (born August 14, 1976) is an American former track and field sprinter who specialized in the 400-meter dash. He won gold medals with the United States 4 × 400-meter relay team at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics and 1997 World Championships in Athletics, but was later stripped of these medals due to doping and was ultimately banned from the sport. He also was the heats runner for the relay team at the 2000 Summer Olympics, where the Americans won gold, but this medal was rescinded as well.
No Fixed Address (album)
No Fixed Address is the eighth studio album by Canadian rock band Nickelback, which was released on November 14, 2014, via Republic Records. The album was preceded by the lead single "Edge of a Revolution", which was released on August 18, 2014. The album marks a notable change in the band sound, combining their usual post-grunge and hard rock sound with elements of dance-pop and electronic. This also is the band's only release on Republic Records, after leaving long-time record label Roadrunner Records in 2013, and then leaving Republic for BMG before the release of their ninth album, Feed the Machine, in 2017, as well as their first album to not be certified gold or platinum.

Chris Lord-Alge
Chris Lord-Alge is an American mix engineer. He is the brother of both Tom Lord-Alge and Jeff Lord-Alge, both of whom are also audio engineers. Chris and Tom are known for their abundant use of dynamic range compression for molding mixes that play well on small loudspeaker and FM broadcasting. Lord-Alge frequently collaborates with Howard Benson, who has produced the plurality of his mix discography.
Locally compact group
In mathematics, a locally compact group is a topological group G for which the underlying topology is locally compact and Hausdorff. Locally compact groups are important because many examples of groups that arise throughout mathematics are locally compact and such groups have a natural measure called the Haar measure. This allows one to define integrals of Borel measurable functions on G so that standard analysis notions such as the Fourier transform and  spaces can be generalized.

Many of the results of finite group representation theory are proved by averaging over the group. For compact groups, modifications of these proofs yields similar results by averaging with respect to the normalized Haar integral. In the general locally compact setting, such techniques need not hold. The resulting theory is a central part of harmonic analysis. The representation theory for locally compact abelian groups is described by Pontryagin duality.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
Astures
The Astures or Asturs, also named Astyrs, were the Hispano-Celtic inhabitants of the northwest area of Hispania that now comprises almost the entire modern autonomous community of the Principality of Asturias, the modern province of León, and the northern part of the modern province of Zamora (all in Spain), and eastern Trás os Montes in Portugal. They were a horse-riding highland cattle-raising people who lived in circular huts of stone drywall construction. The Albiones were a major tribe from western Asturias. Isidore of Seville gave an etymology as coming from a river Astura, identified by David Magie as the Órbigo River in the plain of León, and by others as the modern Esla River.

David Magie
David Magie (January 20, 1877 – April 22, 1960) was an American classical scholar, historian, and philologist at Princeton University, best known for his scholarship on Roman provincial rule and translation of the Historia Augusta. His major work, Roman Rule in Asia Minor, won him the first-ever Charles J. Goodwin Award of Merit in 1951.
George Ashworth
George Ashworth (February 20, 1912 – March 6, 1994) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Indiana State University from 1949 to 1950, compiling a record of 2–16–1.

Indiana State University
Indiana State University (ISU) is a public university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs. Indiana State is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities".
1936 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1936 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the eighth staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Mayo entered the championship as defending champions.

On 27 September 1936 Louth won the championship following a 5-01 to 1-08 defeat of Kerry in the All-Ireland final, after leading by five points at the interval. This was their first All-Ireland title.

The victorious Louth team included several players from neighbouring counties who were boarding pupils at St. Mary's College, then the dominant side in Louth minor football. One of the boarders was captain Larry 'Lal' McEntee from Nobber, County Meath, whose nephew Dr. Gerry McEntee won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in both 1987 and 1988 with  Meath.

All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The Electric Ireland All-Ireland Minor Football Championship is the premier under-17 "knockout" competition in Gaelic football played in Ireland. 2017 was the final year of the minor under 18 football championship as it was replaced by an under 17 championship following a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016.

The series of games is organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association and is played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Minor Football Final being played on the third Sunday in September in Croke Park, Dublin as the curtain-raiser to the senior final.

The winners received the Tom Markham Cup, which is named in honour of former Clare figure Tom Markham.
692 Hippodamia
692 Hippodamia, provisional designation 1901 HD, is a stony asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, about 45 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 November 1901, by the German astronomers Max Wolf and August Kopff at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany.  Nine years later, the body was rediscovered by August Kopff at its apparition in 1910.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Restless Natives
Restless Natives is a 1985 Scottish adventure comedy film, directed by Michael Hoffman.

It received mix reviews but was popular in Scotland and earned a reputation as a cult film. It has been turned into a musical.

Nanette Newman
Nanette Newman (born 29 May 1934) is an English actress and author. She appeared in nine films directed by her husband Bryan Forbes, including Séance on a Wet Afternoon (1964), The Whisperers (1967), Deadfall (1968), The Stepford Wives (1975) and International Velvet (1978), for which she won the Evening Standard Film Award for Best Actress. She was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for another Forbes-directed film, The Raging Moon (1971).
Theta chariessa
Theta chariessa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

In 1980 Bouchet & Warén brought this species into the genus Theta.

Subspecies

Theta chariessa aresta (Dall, 1889)

Theta chariessa phalera (Dall, 1889)

Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae  is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

Bouchet, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic.
Anthony Hanson
Anthony Hanson is a British Master of Wine and a senior consultant to Christie's International Wine Department, as well as an expert on Burgundy, an international wine judge and author. His book Burgundy was first published in 1982, and since reissued in 2003. Following its initial publication, the book gained notoriety in part due to the famous description, "Great Burgundy smells of shit", or in French, "Ça sent la merde". The sentence was modified in later editions.

Hanson has also contributed to publications such as Decanter and The World of Fine Wine.

Decanter (magazine)
Decanter is a wine and wine-lifestyle media brand owned by Future plc. It includes a print and digital magazine, fine wine tasting events, a news website, a subscription website – Decanter Premium, and the Decanter World Wine Awards. The magazine, published in about 90 countries on a monthly basis, includes industry news, vintage guides and wine and spirits recommendations.
Brothers of the Baladi
The Brothers of the Baladi is an American world music band based in Portland, Oregon. They play both traditional Middle Eastern music, and also combines traditional Middle Eastern and western sounds and instruments for a unique Worldbeat sound. Band leader/percussionist/vocalist Michael Beach provides lyrics in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, French, Spanish, Kurdish, Armenian and English, and the band features many traditional Middle Eastern instruments including oud, saz, mizmar, midjwiz, arghool, doumbek, riq, def, tar, bendir and davul.

Bendir
The bendir (Arabic: بندير, bindīr; pl.: بنادير, binādīr) is a wooden-framed frame drum of North Africa and Southwest Asia.

The bendir is a traditional instrument that is played throughout North Africa, as well as in Sufi ceremonies; it was played, too, in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. In Turkish, the word bendir means "a big hand frame drum".
Oli Higginson
Oli Higginson (born 26 April 1994) is an English actor and musician. He is best known internationally for his recurring role as Footman John on the Netflix period drama Bridgerton (2020–). His theatre work has included the role of Jamie in the West End production of the The Last Five Years which earned him a Stage Debut Award nomination, and Cassio in Othello at Shakespeare's Globe for which he was nominated for an Ian Charleson Award. He writes and records music under the alter-ego Modern Oli.

WhatsOnStage.com
WhatsOnStage is a UK-based theatre website providing news, reviews, interviews, and a comprehensive listings database of performances across the country. The platform claims to list over 5,000 performances at any given time and also operates a ticketing service through commercial partnerships.
Katsifaras
Katsifaras (Greek: Κατσιφάρας) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Apostolos Katsifaras (born 1959), Greek politician and governor of Western Greece,

Georgios Katsifaras (1935–2012), Greek politician and government minister,

Apostolos Katsifaras
Apostolos Katsifaras (Greek: Απόστολος Κατσιφάρας; born 1959 in Kalentzi, Achaea) is a Greek politician with PASOK. From 2004 on, he served as a member of the Hellenic Parliament, and shortly held the post of a deputy minister. Katsifaras served as the Regional Governor of Western Greece from 2011 to 2019.
Florencio Miraflores
Florencio "Joeben" Tumbocon Miraflores (born July 1, 1951) is a Filipino politician. Miraflores was born in Ibajay, Aklan to parents Dr. Jose Conlu Miraflores and Eusebia Tumbocon. He is married to Ma. Lourdes Villanueva Martin. He graduated valedictorian at St. Clement's College, Iloilo and finished Industrial and Management Engineering at De La Salle University. He was Mayor of Ibajay from 1988 to 1995, and Governor of Aklan from 1995 to 2004 and from 2013 to 2022.

Valedictorian
Valedictorian is an academic title for the highest-performing student of a graduating class of an academic institution in the United States and Canada.

The valedictorian is generally determined by an academic institution's grade point average (GPA) system but other methods of selection may be factored in such as volunteer work, scholastic awards, research, and extra-curricular activity.
Rocky road (dessert)
Rocky road is a type of no-bake slice made up of milk chocolate and marshmallows along with other ingredients, which tend to vary by country. It is usually served in individual portions, shaped and sized similar to brownies. There is also rocky road ice cream.

It is made by mixing melted chocolate with other ingredients (similar to the British tiffin), before refrigerating to set. It can then be cut into bars or square pieces. Ingredients usually include marshmallows and nuts.

Marshmallow
Marshmallow (UK: /ˌmɑːrʃˈmæloʊ/, US: /ˈmɑːrʃˌmɛloʊ, -mæl-/) is a confection made from sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a solid-but-soft consistency. It is used as a filling in baking or molded into shapes and coated with corn starch. This sugar confection is inspired by a medicinal confection made from Althaea officinalis, the marsh-mallow plant.
Medieval Albanian coinage
The first attested coinage minted and issued in Albanian lands dates to the 14th–15th centuries when several Albanian principalities began minting their own coins. Prior to this period foreign currencies were widely circulated in the Albanian territories, including Venetian, Byzantine, Neapolitan Angevin as well as Serbian coinage. In addition to the feudal rulers there were several cities of Venetian Albania, such as Shkodër (Scutari), Durrës (Dyrrhachium), Drisht (Drivastum), etc., that minted their own currency and possessed autonomy while still under Venetian rule. While they were not fully independent the cities still maintained local administrative institutions as evidenced by the Statutes of Scutari, Statutes of Durazzo, and Statutes of Drivasto. Coinage by Albanian principalities and cities ceased in the late 15th–16th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Albania, after which Ottoman coinage gradually replaced the local and Western currencies in Albania.

Statutes of Durazzo
The Statutes of Durazzo or Statutes of Durrës (Albanian: Statutet e Durrësit) were the highest form of expression of self-government of the Albanian town of Durrës during Medieval Ages. Durrës had a long experience of self-government and privileges charters since confirmed by Byzantine Emperors. When the city was captured by Karl Thopia the statutes were hidden by the community, reappearing in 1392 when the city was handed over to Venetians. The Venetians confirmed the statutes of the city in 1392 and reconfirmed them in 1401 and 1423.
Ousmane Mey
Ousmane Mey is a Cameroonian political figure who was Governor of the North Province of Cameroon from 1972 to August 1983. As of 2007, he is Chairman of the Board of the National Social Insurance Fund (CNPS).

North Region (Cameroon)
The North Region (French: Région du Nord) makes up 66,090 km2 of the northern half of The Republic of Cameroon. Neighbouring territories include the Far North Region to the north, the Adamawa Region to the south, Nigeria to the west, Chad to the east, and Central African Republic to the southeast. The city of Garoua is both the political and industrial capital. Garoua is Cameroon's third largest port, despite the fact that the Bénoué River upon which it relies is only navigable for short periods of the year.

Major ethnic groups include the Fula or Fulani (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul), who are Islamic pastoralists, and numerous Muslim and animist speakers of Adamawa, Chadic, and Nilo-Saharan languages. French is the language of formal education, and Fulfulde, the language of the Fulbe, is widespread as a lingua franca.
Languages of Hong Kong
During the British colonial era, English was the sole official language until 1974. Today, the Basic Law of Hong Kong states that English and Chinese are the two official languages of Hong Kong. All roads and government signs are bilingual, and both languages are used in academia, business and the courts, as well as in most government materials today.

According to the 2021 Hong Kong census, 93.7% of the population aged 5 or above could speak Cantonese, 58.7% could speak English, and 54.2% could speak Mandarin; in terms of usual spoken language, 88.2% of the population aged 5 and over spoke Cantonese, 4.6% spoke English and 2.3% spoke Mandarin.

Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Established in 1963 as a federation of three colleges – Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is Hong Kong's second-oldest university, with the first being the University of Hong Kong. Predecessors of the university included St. John's University, Lingnan University and Yenching University, alongside 10 other Christian universities in China.

The university is organised into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties, and remains the only collegiate university in Hong Kong. The university operates in both English and Chinese.

Four Nobel laureates are associated with the university, and it is the only tertiary institution in Hong Kong with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal, and Veblen Prize sitting as faculty in residence.
Nalla Kaalam Porandaachu
Nalla Kaalam Porandaachu (transl. A good time is born) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by T. P. Gajendran and produced by S. Gowari and S. Ramamoorthy. The film stars Prabhu, Rajesh, Ramya Krishnan and Sujatha, while Senthil, Anandaraj, and Delhi Ganesh play supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1990.

Anandaraj
Anandaraj (born 10 November  1958) is an Indian actor. He has acted in villain roles and comedic roles in several Tamil films and has appeared in over a three hundred films in different languages including Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi.
Carate Airport
Carate Airport (ICAO: MRCE) is a concrete airstrip serving the coastal destination of Sirena, in Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. The airport in mainly used by charter services with tourists visiting the beaches near Sirena town and the Corcovado National Park. The airport currently does not have scheduled services from any other airport.

In 2014, 406 passengers traveled to Sirena Aerodrome, according to the operator, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation.

Osa Peninsula
The Osa Peninsula (Spanish: Península de Osa) is a peninsula located in southwestern Costa Rica, in the Puntarenas Province, with the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Golfo Dulce to the east. The peninsula was formed geologically by a faulting system that extends north into California.

The peninsula is home to at least half of all species living in Costa Rica. The main town on the peninsula is Puerto Jimenez, which has its own airport and provides access to Corcovado National Park as well as the coastal villages of Cabo Matapalo and Carate.
A large part of the peninsula is a wildlife/forest preserve that is protected: the Osa Conservation Area.
Bredig's arc method
Bredig's arc method or electrical disintegration is a method of preparation of colloidal solution, of metals such as gold, silver or platinum.

This method consists of both dispersion and condensation.  An arc is struck between electrodes of the desired metal, under the surface of water containing some stabilizing agent such as traces of potassium hydroxide. The intense heat of the arc vaporizes some of the metal which then condenses under cold water. The water is kept cold with an ice bath.

This method is not suitable when the dispersion medium is an organic liquid as considerable charring occurs.

Dispersion (chemistry)
A dispersion is a system in which distributed particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material.  The two phases may be in the same or different states of matter.

Dispersions are classified in a number of different ways, including how large the particles are in relation to the particles of the continuous phase, whether or not precipitation occurs, and the presence of Brownian motion.  In general, dispersions of particles sufficiently large for sedimentation are called suspensions, while those of smaller particles are called colloids and solutions.
Journal of Moral Education
The Journal of Moral Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of moral education and development. It was established in 1971 by the humanist philosopher Harold Blackham as part of the Social Morality Council, a project of the British Humanist Association. Since 2006 it has been published by Taylor & Francis.

The editor-in-chief is Kristján Kristjánsson (University of Birmingham). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 0.825, ranking it 183rd out of 238 journals in the category "Education & Educational Research".

UCL Institute of Education
The UCL Institute of Education (IOE) is the faculty of education and society of University College London (UCL). It specialises in postgraduate study and research in the field of education and is one of UCL's 11 constituent faculties. Prior to merging with UCL in 2014, it was a constituent college of the University of London. The IOE is ranked first in the world for education in the QS World University Rankings, and has been so every year since 2014.

The IOE is the largest education research body in the United Kingdom, with over 700 research students in the doctoral school. It also has the largest portfolio of postgraduate programmes in education in the UK, with approximately 4,000 students taking Master's programmes, and a further 1,200 students on PGCE teacher-training courses. At any one time the IOE hosts over 100 research projects funded by Research Councils, government departments and other agencies.