hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Korsakov
The Battle of Korsakov, a naval engagement of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought on 20 August 1904 off the southern coast of Sakhalin island. The battle foiled an attempt by the Imperial Russian Navy protected cruiser Novik at escaping Port Arthur to join the Russian cruiser squadron at Vladivostok, Russia, after the Russian Pacific Squadron was scattered in the Battle of the Yellow Sea.

Lüshunkou, Dalian
Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District; 旅顺口区), commonly known as Lüshun (旅顺), is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. The district has an area of 512.15 km2 (197.74 sq mi) and a permanent population of 398,579 as of 2020.

Lüshunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. It has a natural harbor, the possession and control of which became a casus belli of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905 when control was ceded to Japan. During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lüshunkou was formerly known as both Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur) and Ryojun (Japanese: 旅順). After World War II, it was returned to China as Lüshun City. In 1960, Lüshun was redesignated as a district of Dalian (known as Lüda until 1981).
The Wrythe
The Wrythe is a district of Carshalton, South London in the London Borough of Sutton. It is 9.3 miles (15.0 km) south of Charing Cross and is surrounded by the adjacent areas of Hackbridge to the east, Morden and Mitcham to the north, and Sutton to the west. The area is commonly referred to as Wrythe Green, an old village green at the centre of the neighbourhood. The Wrythe had a population of 10,163 in the 2011 Census.

Village green
A village green is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Historically, a village green was common grassland with a pond for watering cattle and other animals, often at the edge of a rural settlement, used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing. Later, planned greens were built into the centres of villages.

The village green also provided, and may still provide, an open-air meeting place for the local people, which may be used for public celebrations, such as May Day festivities. The term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, buildings, roads and urban parks.
Østerdal Billag
Østerdal Billag is a Norwegian bus operator operating in Østerdalen in Innlandet. The company also operates in cooperates with Gauldal Billag on a NOR-WAY express bus between Trondheim and Oslo. The company has its headquarters in Tynset. The company was founded in 1973 as a merger between 23 local bus companies and is owned by Gauldal Billag.

Tynset (town)
Tynset is a town in Tynset Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The town is also the administrative centre of Tynset Municipality. Tynset Church is located in the town.

The town is located along the river Glåma, about halfway between the villages of Tolga and Alvdal. The town includes a central urban area with several surrounding residential areas. The smaller villages of Fåset (to the southwest) and Telneset (to the northeast) lie a short distance away from Tynset.

The 3.03-square-kilometre (750-acre) town has a population (2024) of 2,976 and a population density of 982 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,540/sq mi).

The municipal council of Tynset Municipality voted to designate the village of Tynset as a town on 26 August 2020.
Rapid urease test
Rapid urease test, also known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test), is a rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. The basis of the test is the ability of H. pylori to secrete the urease enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Urease
Ureases (EC 3.5.1.5), functionally, belong to the superfamily of amidohydrolases and phosphotriesterases. Ureases are found in numerous Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, algae, plants, and some invertebrates. Ureases are nickel-containing metalloenzymes of high molecular weight. Ureases are important in degrading avian faecal matter, which is rich in uric acid, the breakdown product of which is urea, which is then degraded by urease as described here.

These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia:

(NH2)2CO + H2O urease→ CO2 + 2NH3

The hydrolysis of urea occurs in two stages. In the first stage, ammonia and carbamic acid are produced. The carbamate spontaneously and rapidly hydrolyzes to ammonia and carbonic acid. Urease activity increases the pH of its environment as ammonia is produced, which is basic.
No Man's Gold
No Man's Gold is a 1926 American silent Western film directed by Lewis Seiler and written by John Stone. The film stars Tom Mix, Eva Novak, Frank Campeau, Mickey Moore, Malcolm Waite, and Forrest Taylor. The film was released on August 29, 1926, by Fox Film Corporation.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Infectious coryza in chickens
Infectious coryza is a serious bacterial disease of chickens that affects the respiratory system, and it is manifested by inflammation of the area below the eye, nasal discharge, and sneezing.  The disease is found all over the world, causing high economic losses, which are due to stumping off and reduction of egg production in case of laying chickens. The disease was discovered early 1930s by considering clinical signs.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Coleoatchee Creek
Coleoatchee Creek is a creek in Talbot County, Georgia, United States. It rises at the base of Pine Mountain Range near the Meriwether County/Talbot County border. The creek has a very strong source, which continues to flow strongly in the severest droughts. The creek generally flows south through prime agricultural land to its junction with Big Lazer Creek south of Georgia Highway 36.

According to William Bright, Coleoatchee is a Creek Indian word meaning "white oak stream". Variant names are "Celeotchee Creek", "Celeoth Creek", and "Coleotchee Creek".

Georgia State Route 36
State Route 36 (SR 36) is a 95.2-mile-long (153.2 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast through portions of Harris, Talbot, Upson, Lamar, Butts, and Newton counties in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highways connects the Waverly Hall area with Covington, via Thomaston, Barnesville, and Jackson.
Mezzeh
Mezzeh (Arabic: ٱلْمَزَّة, romanized: al-Mazzah, also transcribed as al-Mazzah, el-Mazze, etc.) is a municipality in Damascus, Syria, due west of Kafr Sousa. It lies to the southwest of central Damascus, along the Mazzeh highway (also known as Fayez Mansour).

It started gaining importance when the French constructed Mezzeh Air Base, which was the main airport in Damascus until Damascus International Airport opened. It also held the notorious Mezzeh prison until 2000. The municipality includes the Damascus University and contains many foreign embassies. The current presidential palace sits atop Mount Mazzeh and overlooks all of Damascus. It is one of the most modern and expensive areas of Damascus, especially the areas along the highway.

Damascus International Airport
Damascus International Airport (Arabic: مَطَار دِمَشْق الدَّوْلِيّ, romanized: Maṭār Dimašq al-Duwalī) (IATA: DAM, ICAO: OSDI) is the international airport of Damascus, the capital of Syria and the home base of the national flag carrier airline, Syrian Air. Damascus International Airport serves as a primary gateway to Syria and is one of the largest airports in the country along with Aleppo International Airport and Latakia International Airport.

Inaugurated in the mid-1970s, it also is the country's busiest airport. In 2010, an estimated 5.5 million passengers used the airport, an increase of more than 50% since 2004.
Eschenmoser fragmentation
The Eschenmoser fragmentation, first published in 1967, is the chemical reaction of α,β-epoxyketones (1) with aryl sulfonylhydrazines (2) to give alkynes (3) and carbonyl compounds (4). The reaction is named after the Swiss chemist Albert Eschenmoser, who devised it in collaboration with an industrial research group of Günther Ohloff, and applied it to the production of muscone and related macrocyclic musks. The reaction is also sometimes known as the Eschenmoser–Ohloff fragmentation or the Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragmentation as Masato Tanabe independently published an article on the reaction the same year.  The general formula of the fragmentation using p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide is:

Several examples exist in the literature, and the reaction is also carried out on industrial scale.

P-Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide
p-Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NHNH2. It is a white solid that is soluble in many organic solvents but not water or alkanes. It is a reagent in organic synthesis.
Nottington
Nottington is a village within the Dorset unitary authority area of the county of Dorset, England. Its nearest town is Weymouth, which lies approximately 2.6 miles (4.2 km) to the south-east.

Nottington used to possess a spa which was popular with "the quality from aristocratic Weymouth", who "flocked to drink the waters" which at the time were claimed to be beneficial for "eruptive complaints, scrophula, and loss of appetite." In 1905 Sir Frederick Treves noted that the spa was "deserted" and "no longer rings with the laughter and jests of the seekers after appetite", but described the still-existing pump room as "an octagonal building of three stories, with something of the aspect of an enormous dove-cot." The pump room still stands today, and is known as The Spa House.

Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet
Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet, GCVO, CH, CB, FRCS, KStJ (15 February 1853 – 7 December 1923) was a prominent British surgeon, and an expert in anatomy. Treves was renowned for his surgical treatment of appendicitis, and is credited with saving the life of King Edward VII in 1902. He is also widely known for his friendship with Joseph Merrick, dubbed the "Elephant Man" for his severe deformities.
Trefoil factor 2
Trefoil factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF2 gene.

Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium. The encoded protein inhibits gastric acid secretion. This gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Steinar Dagur Adolfsson
Steinar Dagur Adolfsson (born 25 January 1970) is a retired Icelandic football defender.

In his early career he played for Valur, KR Reykjavik and ÍA Akranes. Ahead of the 1999 season, amid interest from IF Elfsborg and Tromsø IL, he joined Kongsvinger IL, and played semi-regularly the first two seasons. He left after the 2001 season.

He was extensively capped for Iceland on youth level, especially U18 and U21, and was subsequently capped 14 times and scored 1 goal for Iceland.

Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur
Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰnahtˌspɪ(r)tnʏˌfjɛːˌlaːɣ ˈreiːcaˌviːkʏr̥], lit. 'Reykjavík Football Club'), commonly abbreviated to KR, is an Icelandic football club based in the Vesturbær district of the capital, Reykjavík.

KR is the oldest and most successful club in Icelandic football, having won the Besta deild karla championship 27 times, including the first season in 1912. It is also the most successful club in the Icelandic men's Cup, with 14 titles including the first in 1960 and most recent in 2014. In 1964, KR was also the first Icelandic representative in the European Cup.
Temploux
Temploux (French pronunciation: [tɑ̃plu]; Walloon: Timplou) is a sub-municipality of the city of Namur located in the province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Namur.

It lies in the Condroz 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of the city centre.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Gómez Palacio, Durango
Gómez Palacio is a city and its surrounding municipality in northeastern Durango, Mexico, adjacent to the border of the state of Coahuila. The city is named in honor of former Durango governor, Francisco Gómez Palacio y Bravo.

As of 2010, the city of Gómez Palacio had a population of 327,985, up from 304,515 as of 2005, making it the state's second-largest community. The municipality (including the city) population was 327,985. The municipality's area is 990.2 square kilometres (382.3 sq mi). The municipality and city are part of a large metropolitan area called the Comarca Lagunera Metropolitan Area, which includes Torreón Municipality and Matamoros Municipality in Coahuila, as well as Lerdo Municipality in Durango. The metropolitan area had an official population of 1,215,817 persons in 2010.

Lerdo Municipality
Lerdo  is a municipality in the Mexican state of Durango. The municipal seat lies at Ciudad Lerdo. The municipality covers an area of 1868.8 km2.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 141,043, up from 129,191 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the city of Lerdo had a population of 79,669. Other than the city of Lerdo, the municipality had 485 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Nazareno (7,515), Ciudad Juárez (7,069), La Loma (4,045), León Guzmán (3,335), Carlos Real (San Carlos) (3,021), El Huarache (El Guarache) (2,709), Villa de Guadalupe (2,376), classified as urban, and Juan E. García (2,457), Sapioris (1,866), San Jacinto (1,661), Los Ángeles (1,616), La Goma (1,522), Ejido 21 de Marzo (1,408), Seis de Enero (1,372), Álvaro Obregón (1,359), La Luz (1,285), Picardías (1,194), Las Cuevas (1,125), and El Rayo (1,030), classified as rural.
Pearl of the Army
Pearl of the Army is a 1916 American silent film serial directed by Edward José. The Pathé-Astra Film Corp movie was made when many early film studio and film producers in America's first motion picture industry were based in New Jersey's Hudson River towns, particularly Fort Lee. Prints and/or fragments were found in the Dawson Film Find in 1978.

Dawson Film Find
The Dawson Film Find (DFF) was the accidental discovery in 1978 of 372 film titles preserved in 533 reels of silent-era nitrate films in the Klondike Gold Rush town of Dawson City, Yukon, Canada. The reels had been buried under an abandoned hockey rink in 1929 and included lost films of feature movies and newsreels. A construction excavation inadvertently uncovered the forgotten cache of discarded films, which were unintentionally preserved by the permafrost.

The 2016 documentary Dawson City: Frozen Time details the history and recovery of the films, and features footage restored from the reels. The DFF is also featured in the 2013 documentary short Lost Forever: The Art of Film Preservation.
School of Journalism and Mass Communication (University of Wisconsin–Madison)
The School of Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC) is the journalism school of the University of Wisconsin–Madison (UW-Madison), located in Vilas Communication Hall. Administratively, the school is part of UW-Madison's College of Letters and Science.

The school offers over 50 courses to nearly 500 undergraduate majors and about 100 graduate students. It offers two undergraduate programs (BA in Journalism and BS in Journalism), two Master of Arts programs in Journalism (Research and Professional), and a doctoral program (PhD in Mass Communication).

SJMC began offering a doctorate in mass communication in 1953. Guido Stempel, Donald Shaw, Richard Perloff, and Pamela Shoemaker attended the school's PhD program.

Journalism school
A journalism school is a school or department, usually part of an established university, where journalists are trained. 'J-School' is an increasingly used term for a journalism department at a school or college. 
Journalists in most parts of the world must first complete university-level training, which incorporates both technical skills such as research skills, interviewing techniques and shorthand and academic studies in media theory, cultural studies and ethics.
Gumbok Rangan
Gumbok Rangan, also known as Gonbo Rangjon, is a standalone mountain peak in the Lungnak Valley of Ladakh, India.  It is part of the greater Zanskar Range, which is itself a part of the Himalayas. It is considered holy and referred to as "God's Mountain" by the local inhabitants, who practice Tibetan Buddhism. The name translates to "Throne of Gonbo", as it is believed by locals and pilgrims alike to be the residence of Gonbo, a manifestation of the Buddhist deity Mahakala.

Gumbok Rangan lies along the Darcha – Padum trek route and the Darcha – Padum road.  Gumbok Rangan can be seen from the village of Kargyak, which is about 16 km (9.9 mi) to the north. The peak is at 5,520 m (18,110 ft) and the base of the mountain is about 4,500 m (14,800 ft).

Zanskar Range
The Zanskar Range is a mountain range in the union territory of Ladakh that separates the Zanskar valley from Indus valley at Leh. The range lies between and runs parallel to the Great Himalayas to the southwest and the Ladakh Range to the northeast.  Geologically, the Zanskar Range is part of the Tethys Himalaya. There are a number of peaks higher than 6,500 m (21,300 ft). Its eastern part is known as Rupshu.
Sobolokh-Mayan
The Sobolokh-Mayan (Russian: Соболоох-Майан; Yakut: Соболоох Майаан, Soboloox Mayaan) is a river in Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is the 20th longest tributary of the Lena, with a length of 411 kilometres (255 mi) and a drainage basin area of 13,300 square kilometres (5,100 sq mi).

Lenok, taimen and whitefish are found in the waters of the Sobolokh-Mayan. There are no settlements by the river.

Lenok
Lenoks, otherwise known as Asiatic trout or Manchurian trout, are salmonid fish of the genus Brachymystax, native to rivers and lakes in Mongolia, Kazakhstan, wider Siberia (including Russian Far East), Northern China and Korea.
Al-Ghassani
Al-Ghassani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Yahya ibn Yahya al-Ghassani (684–750s), Umayyad governor of Mosul

Qays al-Ghassani (9th century), Arab Orthodox martyr

Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani (1548–1610), Moroccan physician

Mohammed ibn Abd al-Wahab al-Ghassani (died 1707), Moroccan ambassador to Spain

Mohammed Al-Ghassani (born 1985) Omani footballer

Abdul Rahman Al-Ghassani (born 1990), Omani footballer

Yahya Al-Ghassani (born 1998), Emirati footballer

Muhsen Al-Ghassani (born 1997), Omani footballer

Mohammed ibn Abd al-Wahab al-Ghassani
Mohammed ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Wazir al-Ghassani (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الوهاب الغساني; died 1707), also spelled as Mohamed al-Ghassani, was a Moroccan ambassador to Spain for the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail.

Al-Ghassani is known for his account of his journey to Spain in 1690–1691, entitled Rihlat al-Wazir fi Iftikak al-Asir (The Journey of the Minister to Ransom the captive). The purpose of his diplomatic mission was to ransom a number of Moroccan captives held in Spain.

Al-Ghassani describes the social, religious and administrative characteristics of Spanish life and culture. At the end of his account he writes the story of the conquest of Andalusia. Much of the account is filled with regret over the loss of Andalusia to the Spanish Christians.
Rose City Freeway
The Rose City Freeway, also known as the Fremont Freeway, was a proposed freeway alignment through the Northeast sector of Portland, Oregon. The freeway's path would have begun at the I-5/I-405 interchange near the Fremont Bridge's east approach. From the elevated stack interchange, it would transition to grade, moving roughly northeast to Prescott Street. To establish a northern cross-town freeway belt, a second section of freeway  was to follow NE Prescott Street east to I-205. Although functionally the same freeway, this section was going to be named the Prescott Freeway.

A successful freeway revolt surrounding the controversial St. Helens Freeway (I-505) and Mount Hood Freeway in the late 1970s impacted all Portland area freeway plans.

U.S. Route 30 in Oregon
U.S. Route 30 (US 30) in the U.S. state of Oregon is a major east–west United States Numbered Highway that runs from its western terminus in Astoria to the Idaho border east of Ontario. West of Portland, US 30 generally follows the southern shore of the Columbia River; east of Portland, the highway has largely been replaced with Interstate 84 (I-84), though it is signed all the way across the state, and diverges from the I-84 mainline in several towns as a de facto business route. (The state of Oregon does not sign Interstate business routes; instead, it uses the designations US 30 and Oregon Route 99 [OR 99; along the I-5 corridor] for this purpose.) At 477.02 miles (767.69 km), it is also the longest road in the state.