hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
E-government in Europe
All European countries show eGovernment initiatives, mainly related to the improvement of governance at the national level. Significant eGovernment activities also take place at the European Commission level as well. There is an extensive list of eGovernment Fact Sheets maintained by the European Commission.

European Interoperability Framework
The European Interoperability Framework (EIF) is a set of recommendations which specify how administrations, businesses and citizens communicate with each other within the European Union and across Member State borders.

The EIF 1.0 was issued under the Interoperable Delivery of European eGovernment Services to public Administrations, Businesses and Citizens programme (IDABC). The EIF continues under the new ISA programme, which replaced the IDABC programme on 31 December 2009.

EIF in effect is an Enterprise architecture framework targeted at the largest possible scale, designed to promote integration spanning multiple sovereign Nation States, specifically EU Member States.

For further examples of Enterprise Architecture frameworks designed operate at different levels of scale, see also Alternative Enterprise Architecture Frameworks
Rosa 'Sunny Sky'
Rosa 'Sunny Sky',  (aka  KORvestavi ), is a hybrid tea rose cultivar, bred by Tim Hermann Kordes in Germany in 1999. It was named an ADR rose award winner in 2015 and was awarded the Portland Gold Medal in 2017.

W. Kordes' Söhne
W. Kordes' Söhne (en. W. Kordes' Sons) is a German rose breeding company in Klein Offenseth-Sparrieshoop in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The company is one of the world's leading rose breeders and producers for cut roses and garden roses, annually selling worldwide more than two million rose plants at retail and wholesale. Each year, more than 50,000 new crosses of garden roses and cut roses are tested, leading to four to six marketable varieties after a trial period of eight to ten years.
Pete Nice
Peter J. Nash (born February 5, 1967), known by his stage name Prime Minister Pete Nice or simply  Pete Nice, is an American baseball historian and author, member of the Society for American Baseball Research, Hip Hop historian, and former rapper and record producer. Nash gained recognition as one-third of Def Jam's  golden age hip hop group 3rd Bass.

The Cactus Album
The Cactus Al/Bum (also known as The Cactus Cee/D and The Cactus Cas/Ette depending on release format) is the debut album by hip hop trio 3rd Bass, released on Def Jam Recordings on November 14, 1989. The album received positive reviews from the hip hop press and is also notable for featuring the recording debut of rapper Zev Love X of KMD, later known as MF Doom, on "The Gas Face". It was certified gold by the RIAA on April 24, 1990.

The Cactus Album peaked at No. 5 on Billboard's Top Hip Hop/R&B Albums chart and at No. 55 on the Billboard 200 chart. In 1998, the album was selected as one of The Source's "100 Best Rap Albums". A decade later, Rhapsody included The Cactus Album in its list of "The 10 Best Albums By White Rappers".
Lochsa Historical Ranger Station
The Lochsa Historical Ranger Station, near Kooskia in Idaho County, Idaho, was built during 1927 to 1933.  It served as administrative headquarters for the Lochsa Ranger District from 1922 to 1957.  It was located within the Selway National Forest which was later merged into the Clearwater National Forest and the Nezperce National Forest.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

It is located on the Lochsa River.  It was once isolated, accessible only by trail, but by 1976 the Lewis and Clark Highway (U.S. Highway 12) passed by.

The listing included four contributing buildings:

Combination building (1927–1933), built as four separate buildings later joined by a common roof

Ranger dwelling (1932)

Alternate ranger dwelling (1931)

Boulder Creek cabin

The station is open as a museum;  a self-guided walking tour is available.

Nez Perce National Forest
The Nez Perce National Forest is a 4,000,000-acre (16,000 km2) United States National Forest located in west-central Idaho. The forest is bounded on the east by the state of Montana, on the north by the Clearwater National Forest, on the west by a portion of the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest and on the south by the Payette National Forest.

The mountains in this forest provide wildlife habitat for timber wolf, raccoon, moose, black bear, coyote, cougar, elk, two species of fox, bald eagle, pika, beaver, flammulated owl, pine marten, white-tailed and mule deer, muskrat, river otter, peregrine falcon, mink, marmot, fisher, and mountain goat.
Fenghuang Town station
Fenghuang Town station (Chinese: 凤凰城站; pinyin: Fènghuángchéng Zhàn) is a station on Line 6 of the Shenzhen Metro, in Guangdong, China. It opened on 18 August 2020. The Science Museum bound platform is the termination platform of trains after 23:30.

Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro (深圳地铁) is the rapid transit system of the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, China. The newest lines and extensions which opened on December 27, 2024 put the network at 609.5 kilometres (378.7 miles) of trackage. It currently operates on 17 lines with 421 stations. Despite having only opened on December 28, 2004, the Shenzhen Metro is the 5th longest metro system in the world. By 2035, the network is planned to comprise 8 express and 24 non-express lines totaling 1,142 kilometres (710 miles) of trackage.
Tom Aspell
Tom Aspell (1950 – February 11, 2013) was a New Zealand-born U.S. television news producer, foreign correspondent, and cameraman. He was employed by NBC News for 28 years and previously worked for ABC News, CBS News, and Visnews.

News producer
The news producer takes all the elements of a newscast (packages, video, graphics, etc.) and compiles them into a cohesive show.

In the hierarchy of the newsroom, the news producer is under the executive producer, who reports to the news director. The news producer is usually on the same level as the anchor, although this may differ from newsroom to newsroom. The news producer is over the director, studio crew, reporters, field crew, photographers, editors, etc.
Synnott
Synnott is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Synnott, Irish composer

Bob Synnott (1912–1985), American basketball player

Del Synnott (born 1977), Irish actor

Frank Synnott (1890–1945), Canadian ice hockey player

Hilary Synnott (1945–2011), British diplomat

Joe Synnott (1893–1945), Irish Gaelic footballer

John Synnott (1895–????), Irish Gaelic footballer

Mark Synnott, American rock climber and author

Noel Synnott (born 1951), Irish football player

Peter Synnott (1903–????), Irish Gaelic footballer

Stephen P. Synnott (born 1946), American astronomer and Voyager scientist

William R. Synnott (1929–2010), American organizational theorist

Cathal Synnott Musical Director

William R. Synnott
William R. "Bill" Synnott (December 29, 1929 – November 13, 2010) was an American organizational theorist, Vice President of Bank of Boston, author, consultant and lecturer, known for his work in the field of computer technology in business in the 1980s.
Upper Iowa University
Upper Iowa University (UIU) is a private university in Fayette, Iowa, United States. It enrolls around 3,000 students and offers distance education programs that include centers in the U.S., an online program, an independent study program, and formerly had centers in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia.

Upper Iowa offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs with 29 undergraduate majors, including art, business, conservation management, education, human services, information technology, liberal arts, math, nursing, psychology, science, and 6 graduate programs. It operates on two eight-week terms per semester, allowing students to take two classes per term. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

UIU is the only NCAA Division II Athletics Program in the state of Iowa and a member of the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC).

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Mount Fordell
Mount Fordell (80°19′S 82°9′W﻿ / ﻿80.317°S 82.150°W﻿ / -80.317; -82.150) is a mountain, 1,670 metres (5,480 ft) high, marking the south end of the Marble Hills in the Heritage Range, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant William D. Fordell, U.S. Navy, a co-pilot of LC-47 aircraft, who perished in a plane crash on the Ross Ice Shelf on February 2, 1966.

Marble Hills
The Marble Hills (80°17′S 82°5′W﻿ / ﻿80.283°S 82.083°W﻿ / -80.283; -82.083) are a group of mainly ice-free hills in West Antarctica. They are located on the west side of Horseshoe Valley, between the Liberty Hills and Independence Hills in the southern part of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. The hills were named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, because the rocks in these hills are composed of marble.
Turkomans of Aleppo
The Turkomans of Aleppo (Ottoman Turkish: تركمان حلب, romanized: Türkmān-ı Haleb) were an administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire composed of Turkoman tribes dwelling in but not limited to Aleppo Eyalet. The areas inhabited by the population belonging to this administrative formation included the vicinities of Damascus, Ayntab, Birecik, Azaz, Hama, Ravendan, Manbij, Rumkale, Bagras, and Besni.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held at the Ataköy Athletics Arena on 11 March 2012.  Perri Shakes-Drayton held off individual champion Sanya Richards-Ross to claim Great Britain's first-ever medal in this event. Ukraine originally finished fourth, but were later disqualified as their first leg runner (Bryzhina) inadvertently ran outside her assigned lane.

The winning margin was 0.03 seconds which as of July 2024 remains the only time the women's 4x400 metres relay was won by less than a tenth of a second at these championships.

2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was the 14th edition of the global-level indoor track and field competition and was held between March 9–11, 2012 at the Ataköy Athletics Arena in Istanbul, Turkey. It was the first of four IAAF World Athletics Series events in 2012, which includes the World Race Walking Cup, the World Junior Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships.
Thomas Dyche
Reverend Thomas Dyche (died c. 1733) was an English schoolmaster and lexicographer (probably) from Ashbourne, Derbyshire. He published a number of books on the English language including one thought to be the first English book published in Asia. He is remembered for his reference books and his contribution to pronunciation.
Dyche's New General English Dictionary was in print from 1735 to 1798 and went through eighteen editions.

Ashbourne, Derbyshire
Ashbourne is a market town in the Derbyshire Dales district in Derbyshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) west of Derby. Its population was measured at 8,377 in the 2011 census  and was estimated to have grown to 9,163 by 2019. It has many historical buildings and independent shops. The town offers a historic annual Shrovetide football match. Its position near the southern edge of the Peak District makes it the closest town to Dovedale, to which Ashbourne is sometimes referred to as the gateway.
Solanum verrucosum
Solanum verrucosum is a species of wild potato in the family Solanaceae, native to Mexico. It is typically found in cloud forests at 2,100–3,500 m (6,900–11,500 ft) above sea level. Its tubers are small and late to develop, but said to be quite tasty.

A diploid, it is being extensively studied for its resistance to Phytophthora infestans (the cause of late potato blight), and Potato leafroll virus, in an effort to improve the domestic potato Solanum tuberosum.

Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete or water mold, a fungus-like microorganism that causes the serious potato and tomato disease known as late blight or potato blight. Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is also often called "potato blight". Late blight was a major culprit in the 1840s European, the 1845–1852 Irish, and the 1846 Highland potato famines. The organism can also infect some other members of the Solanaceae. The pathogen is favored by moist, cool environments: sporulation is optimal at 12–18 °C (54–64 °F) in water-saturated or nearly saturated environments, and zoospore production is favored at temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F). Lesion growth rates are typically optimal at a slightly warmer temperature range of 20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F).
Gresham (surname)
Gresham is a surname.

Those bearing it include:

Diane Guthrie-Gresham (born 1971), Jamaican track and field athlete

Douglas Gresham (born 1945), British film producer

Gloria Gresham (born 1946), American costume designer

Grits Gresham (1922–2008), American sportsman

James Gresham (disambiguation)

Jermaine Gresham (born 1988), American football player

Sir John Gresham (1495–1556), Lord Mayor of London and founder of Gresham's School

Joy Gresham (1915–1960), poet married to C. S. Lewis

Peter Gresham (born 1933), New Zealand politician

Sir Richard Gresham (1494–1549), merchant

Suzette Gresham, American chef

Sir Thomas Gresham (c. 1519 – 1579), after whom Gresham's law is named, founder of Gresham College

Tony Gresham (1940–2025), Australian amateur golfer

Walter Q. Gresham (1832–1895), American statesman and jurist

William Lindsay Gresham (1909–1962), American author

William Gresham, (1870 – after 1894), English footballer

Jermaine Gresham
Jermaine Gresham (born June 16, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oklahoma Sooners, earning first-team All-American honors in 2008. He was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the first round of the 2010 NFL draft.
På minuten
På minuten (English lit.: On the minute meaning "within the confines of a minute") is a Swedish radio panel game similar to the BBC's Just a Minute. Recorded before a live audience, it is broadcast on Sveriges Radio P1 on Saturdays at 16.03, with a repeat the following day at 18.00. The recordings are made at Sveriges Radio, or sometimes at Stockholm City Theatre's Soppteater (café-theatre).

Sveriges Radio P1
P1 is a national radio channel produced by the Swedish public broadcaster Sveriges Radio (SR). It was launched in 1925 as the first national radio station in Sweden, and adopted its current format in 1966.
OUEA
The Ontario Collegiate Equestrian Association (OCEA) is a university equestrian league in the province of Ontario, Canada. It was developed to give Ontario post-secondary students an opportunity to participate in equestrian sports while continuing their education. The OCEA welcomes riders of all skill levels, offering hunter seat equitation classes from beginner to advanced riders. The OCEA is team-focused, but allows for personal growth and learning. It allows any post-secondary student to participate in horse shows regardless of the rider's beginning skill level, financial status, or past riding experience. Both men and women are eligible to compete. There are 18 participating universities. Two colleges, Cambrian College and Georgian College, joined for the 2016–2017 season. The league was modelled after the American IHSA.

Horse show
A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide, from local to the international levels. Most horse shows run from one to three days, sometimes longer for major, all-breed events or national and international championships. Most shows consist of a series of different performances, called classes, wherein a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and, often, prize money.
Road bridge across the Desna (Chernihiv)
The Kyiv Bridge (Ukrainian: Київський міст, romanized: Kyjivs'kyj mist) or the Road bridge across the Desna (Ukrainian: Автомобільний міст через ріку Десну) is a currently destroyed brick-and-stone bridge over the Desna River in Chernihiv, Ukraine, located along Peace (Myru) Avenue (Ukrainian: Проспект Миру).

Myru Avenue, Chernihiv
Myru Avenue (Ukrainian: Проспект Миру) is a street in central Chernihiv. It starts from the southern outskirts of Chernihiv and Red Square. Extends north through the city to the city limits. Many streets and alleys adjoin the avenue. The beginning of the avenue passes through the center of Chernihiv, so there are many boutiques, several shopping centers, many cafes, restaurants, hotels "Ukraine" and "Gradetsky". In the area of visiting "Ukraine" Peace Avenue is transformed from Victory Avenue, another major highway in Chernihiv.
The Man Who Fell to Earth (TV series)
The Man Who Fell to Earth is an American science fiction drama television limited series created by Jenny Lumet and Alex Kurtzman based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Walter Tevis. It is a sequel to the 1976 film starring David Bowie. The series stars Chiwetel Ejiofor as an alien who arrives on planet Earth and Bill Nighy, playing the role originally played by Bowie in the 1976 film. It debuted on Showtime on April 24, 2022. A portion of the series was shown at SXSW on March 12, 2022. The series was canceled after one season.

Naomie Harris
Naomie Melanie Harris (born 6 September 1976) is a British actress. She started her career when she was a child, appearing in the television series Simon and the Witch in 1987. In 2016, she starred in the film Moonlight, a performance that earned her a number of accolades, including nominations for the Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Harris was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to drama.

Harris also portrayed Selena in the post-apocalyptic film 28 Days Later (2002), the witch Tia Dalma in the second and third Pirates of the Caribbean films, Winnie Mandela in Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013), and Shriek in Sony's Spider-Man Universe film Venom: Let There Be Carnage (2021). She starred as Eve Moneypenny in the James Bond films: Skyfall (2012), Spectre (2015), and No Time to Die (2021).
Établissement public à caractère administratif
An établissement public à caractère administratif (French pronunciation: [etablismɑ̃ pyblik a kaʁaktɛʁ administʁatif], lit. 'public establishment of an administrative nature'; EPA) is, in France, a public law legal person with a certain administrative and financial autonomy to fulfil a mission of public interest (that is not industrial or commercial in nature) under the control of the State or a local authority.

It is a category of public undertaking in France, and includes some research institutes and infrastructure operators. As opposed to the Établissements publics à caractère industriel et commercial, which are subject to private law, EPAs are mainly governed by public law. This legal distinction is recognised by the French precedent.

Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or legal entity that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. The reason for the term "legal person" is that some legal persons are not human persons: companies and corporations (i.e., business entities) are persons, legally speaking (they can legally do most of the things an ordinary person can do), but they are not, in a literal sense, human beings.

Legal personhood is a prerequisite to legal capacity (the ability of any legal person to amend – i.e. enter into, transfer, etc. – rights and obligations): it is a prerequisite for an international organization being able to sign international treaties in its own name.
Thaali Kattiya Raasa
Thaali Kattiya Raasa is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Vijaya Kanna and produced by M. Natarasan, Thanjai D. Pragadeshwaran, K. Selvam, and J. F. Raja. The film stars Murali, Kanaka, Senthamarai, and Anandaraj. It was released on 25 September 1992.

Murali (Tamil actor)
Murali Siddalingaiah (19 May 1964 – 8 September 2010), known professionally as Murali, was an Indian actor who worked predominantly in Tamil cinema, where he was known as Puratchi Nayagan. He has mainly acted in Tamil films as well as few Kannada films. He was famous for roles that portrayed him as a perceptive singer or a tragic lover. His son, Atharvaa, debuted as an actor in the 2010 film Baana Kaathadi.
Thomas Humphreys (Baptist minister)
Thomas Humphreys was minister of Seion, Cwmaman, from the 1860s until his death in 1909. During this time the church developed into one of the strongest associations in the village. He was eventually succeeded by S. J. Leeke.

He was also active in local politics and became a member of the Aberdare Local Board of Health. From 1894 he was an inaugural member of the Aberdare Urban District Council, being elected in second place in the Aberaman ward behind E.M. Hann. Humphreys was re-elected unopposed in 1897 and 1900. In 1903, however, he lost his seat to a Labour candidate because of an alleged lack of sympathy with the working classes.

Cwmaman
Cwmaman (Welsh pronunciation: [kʊmˈaman] ⓘ) is a former coal mining village near Aberdare, South Wales. The name is Welsh for "Aman Valley"; the river Aman (a small tributary of the River Cynon) flows through the village. There are several hills nearby, such as Pen Foel Aman and Mynydd y Ffaldau. Within the village, there are three children's playgrounds and playing fields. Above the village there are several reservoirs accessible from several footpaths along the river.
Zincobotryogen
Zincobotryogen is a hydrous sulfate mineral with the chemical formula (Zn,Mg,Mn)Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·7H2O. It forms bright orange red monoclinic prismatic crystals that exhibit a vitreous to greasy luster. Its specific gravity is  2.201 and it has a Mohs hardness of 2.5.

It is a rare secondary mineral which forms in arid climates by alteration of other zinc minerals. It was named for its zinc content and it relationship to botryogen. It has been reported from the Xitieshan Mine, Qinghai, Northwest Region, China; Rammelsberg mine, near Goslar, Harz Mountains, Germany; the Bisbee district of Arizona and various mines in Colorado.

Bisbee, Arizona
Bisbee is a city in and the county seat of Cochise County in southeastern Arizona, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 4,923, down from 5,575 in the 2010 census.