hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Test of Nobility
Nagana szlachectwa (Latin: 'Vituperatio nobilitatis'), literally reprobation/reprimand/censure of nobility, also translated by Norman Davies as Test of Nobility was a legal procedure of the revocation of nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Norman Davies
Ivor Norman Richard Davies CMG FBA FRHistS (born 8 June 1939) is a British and Polish historian, known for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom. He has a special interest in Central and Eastern Europe and is UNESCO Professor at the Jagiellonian University, professor emeritus at University College London, a visiting professor at the Collège d'Europe, and an honorary fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford. He was granted Polish citizenship in 2014.
The Service of Clouds (Hill novel)
The Service of Clouds, is a novel by the English author Susan Hill, first published in 1998 by Chatto & Windus. It takes it title from a passage in John Ruskin describing the supremacy of cloud in modern landscape painting.

Chatto & Windus
Chatto & Windus is an imprint of Penguin Random House that was formerly an independent book publishing company founded in London in 1855 by John Camden Hotten. Following Hotten's death, the firm reorganized under the names of his business partner Andrew Chatto and poet William Edward Windus. The company was purchased by Random House in 1987 and is now a sub-imprint of Vintage Books within the Penguin UK division.
Doukouyo
Doukouyo is a town in south-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Gagnoa Department in Gôh Region, Gôh-Djiboua District.

Doukouyo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Doukouyo was 21,361.

Gôh
Gôh Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Gôh-Djiboua District. The region's seat is Gagnoa and its area is 7327 km². At the 2021 census, the region had a population of 985,282.
Skøelv Chapel
Skøelv Chapel (Norwegian: Skøelv kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Sørreisa Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Skøelva. It is an annex chapel for the Sørreisa parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1966 using plans drawn up by the architect Petter Bratli. The chapel seats about 150 people.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Local Autonomy Act
The Local Autonomy Act (地方自治法, Chihō-jichi-hō), passed by the House of Representatives and the House of Peers on March 28, 1947 and promulgated as Law No. 67 of 1947 on April 17, is an Act of devolution that established most of Japan's contemporary local government structures and administrative divisions, including prefectures, municipalities and other entities. On July 16, 1999, the law was amended to eliminate administrative functions imposed upon local governments by the central governments and to establish Committee for Settling National-Local Disputes. The law and other relevant laws have been amended after the revision to promote decentralization.

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (総務省, Sōmu-shō; lit. 'Ministry of General Affairs'; MIC) is a cabinet-level ministry in the Government of Japan. Its English name was Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications (MPHPT) prior to 2004. It is housed in the 2nd Building of the Central Common Government Office at 2-1-2 Kasumigaseki in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

The Ministry oversees the Japanese administrative system, manages local governments, elections, telecommunication, post, and governmental statistics.

The Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications (総務大臣, Sōmu Daijin) is appointed from among the members of the cabinet.
Natsivaar
Natsivaar (also written as Netsivarr; 1919 – 1962) was an Inuk artist known for her drawings, prints, and graphite works.

Natsivaar was born in Nunavut in 1919. She lived a nomadic lifestyle for most of her life and intermittently resided in Cape Dorset (now Kinngait). She began drawing while she resided in the settlement of Tikirak in the 1950s. Only two of her prints were published before her death: Mother and Son (in the 1960 Cape Dorset Print Collection) and Angels in the Moon (in the 1961/1962 collection). She died in Cape Dorset, Nunavut in 1962.

Mother and Son

Angels in the Moon

Her work has been exhibited in the National Gallery of Canada and has also been included in the collections of the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Canadian Museum of History, the Glenbow Museum, and the National Gallery of Canada.

Glenbow Museum
The Glenbow Museum is an art and history regional museum in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The museum focuses on Western Canadian history and culture, including Indigenous perspectives. The Glenbow was established as a private non-profit foundation in 1955 by lawyer, businessman and philanthropist Eric Lafferty Harvie with materials from his personal collection.

The museum moved to its current facility in downtown Calgary in 1976, and is funded by the governments of Calgary, Alberta, and Canada, private donors, as well as an endowment provided by Harvie. In 2019, the Glenbow had a total of 148,668 visitors. The museum closed for renovations in 2021 and is scheduled to re-open in 2026.

Admission to the museum is free as of February 2022, due to a $25 million donation by the Shaw Family Foundation. $15 million of the donation will be placed in an endowment fund for admissions, and $10 million is earmarked for the new JR Shaw Institute for Canadian Art.
Bas van Bavel
Balthassar Jozef Paul "Bas" van Bavel (born 24 June 1964) is a Dutch historian. He has held the chair of Transitions of Economy and Society at Utrecht University since 2011, and has been professor of Economic and Social History since 2007. His research has mostly focused on pre-industrial Northwestern Europe. He was one of the winners of the 2019 Spinoza Prize, the highest award in Dutch science.

Dutch Research Council
The Dutch Research Council (NWO, Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) is the national research council of the Netherlands. NWO funds thousands of top researchers at universities and institutes and steers the course of Dutch science by means of subsidies and research programmes. NWO promotes quality and innovation in science. NWO is an independent administrative body under the auspices of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

NWO directs its approximate budget of 1 billion euros towards Dutch universities and institutes, often on a project basis. Also, NWO has its own research institutes and facilitates international cooperation. The president of NWO since April 2021 is Marcel Levi. Former NWO presidents include Stan Gielen, Peter Nijkamp and Jos Engelen.

NWO is also known for the annual Spinoza and Stevin Prizes.
Levomoramide
Levomoramide is the inactive isomer of the opioid analgesic dextromoramide, invented by the chemist Paul Janssen in 1956. Unlike dextromoramide, which is a potent analgesic with high abuse potential, levomoramide is virtually without activity.

"Resolution reveals that the analgetic activity in this case resides almost entirely in the (+) isomer."

"In the α-CH3 series, one of the optical isomers of each enantiomorphic pair is about twice as active as the racemic mixture; the other isomer is devoid of significant analgesic activity."

However, despite being inactive, levomoramide is scheduled by UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.

Paul Janssen
Paul Adriaan Jan, Baron Janssen (12 September 1926 – 11 November 2003) was a Belgian physician. He was the founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica, a pharmaceutical company with over 20,000 employees which became a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson.
Wear (surname)
Wear is a surname. Notanle people with the name include:

Arthur Wear (1880-1918), American tennis player

David Wear (born 1990), American basketball player

Joseph Wear (1876-1941), American tennis player

Maud Marian Wear (1873–1955), English artist

Peter Wear (born 1949), Australian journalist

Sylvanus Wear (1858-1920), English naturalist

Travis Wear (born 1990), American basketball player

Peter Wear
Peter Wear is a Brisbane-based writer whose columns appear regularly in The Courier-Mail. Wear ran a long-running satire on Queensland politics with the major role played by "President for Life Mbeattie" - a reference to Premier Peter Beattie's longevity in office.

Wear also wrote "The Madding of Daniel O'Hooligan" Published by University of Queensland Press in 1991.
Starship Enterprise
Enterprise or USS Enterprise, often referred to as the Starship Enterprise, is the name of several spacecraft in the Star Trek science fiction franchise.

The Enterprise made for the original Star Trek television series has been called an iconic design, and it influenced subsequent spacecraft in and outside the franchise. Several vessels named Enterprise have been the main setting for various Star Trek spinoff series and films.

Io9
io9 is a sub-blog of the technology blog Gizmodo that focuses on science fiction and fantasy pop culture, with former focuses on science, technology and futurism. It was created as a standalone blog in 2008 by editor Annalee Newitz under Gawker Media. In 2015, io9 became a part of Gizmodo as part of a reorganization under parent company Gawker.
Neustift Abbey
Neustift Abbey, or Novacella Abbey, (German: Kloster Neustift; Italian: Abbazia di Novacella) is an Augustinian abbey in the municipality of Vahrn in the northern Italian province of South Tyrol. It was elevated to the status of a basilica in May 1956 and received the honorific of a basilica minor by Pope Pius XII.

Brixen
Brixen (German: [ˈbrɪksn̩] ⓘ), also known as Bressanone (Italian: [bressaˈnoːne]), is a town and commune in the province of South Tyrol, northern Italy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Bolzano.

Brixen is the third-largest city and oldest town in the province, with a population of nearly twenty-three thousand. It is located at the confluence of the Eisack and Rienz rivers, and today it is the capital of the Eisack district community.
Red Checkers
The Red Checkers was the aerobatic/precision flying Team of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. The Checkers fly the Pacific Aerospace CT-4E Airtrainer. Previous aircraft used were the CT4B and North American Harvard (T-6).  Until the year 1994 the Checkers were based at Wigram. Aircraft used by the team had a nose painted in a red and white checkered pattern, but this has now been reduced to a small checkered stripe.

In 1973 the team was disbanded due to a world fuel crisis but was formed again in 1980.

NZAero
NZSkydive Ltd, trading as NZAero, is an aircraft manufacturing company based in Hamilton, New Zealand. Along with its predecessors, it has sold more than 700 utility, training and agricultural aircraft. The company replaced Pacific Aerospace Ltd, which became insolvent and was liquidated in 2021.
Kiribati at the Olympics
The island nation of Kiribati first participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics. It has competed at every Summer Games since then but has not yet entered the Winter Olympics.

After participating in the Commonwealth Games for the first time in 1998, Kiribati started working towards membership of the International Olympic Committee. During a meeting of the IOC in Prague in 2003, Kiribati was accepted into the organization and was set to participate in the 2004 Summer games. The country's name was notably mispronounced by officials in all three languages—French, English and Greek—during the opening ceremony. Its delegation consisted of weightlifter Meamea Thomas and sprinters Kakianako Nariki (Kiribati's first Olympic competitor) and Kaitinano Mwemweata.

Kaitinano Mwemweata
Kaitinano Mwemweata (born July 22, 1984) is an I-Kiribati athlete. She was the first person to compete for Kiribati at the Olympic Games, when she represented her country at the 100 metre sprint in Athens in 2004.

Mwemweata finished seventh out of eight in her heat, achieving a personal best of 13.07.

She was due to represent Kiribati again at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, competing in the 200 metre sprint, but had to withdraw after contracting tuberculosis. She was undergoing treatment at the time of the Games.

She won gold in the long jump at the Micronesian Championships, in Koror in 2003. She also took part in the World Athletics Championships in Edmonton in 2001.

At the Kiribati National Games of 2006, Mwemweata won a bronze medal in the shot put, a silver medal in the high jump, and four gold medals in long jump, the 100 metre sprint, the 200 metre sprint and the triple jump.
Mack McFarland
Mack McFarland is a curator and artist living in Portland, Oregon. He is the Director of Center for Contemporary Art & Culture at Pacific Northwest College of Art.

As the curator for PNCA, McFarland has worked with several Tactical media artists, including The Yes Men, Critical Art Ensemble, Brian Holmes and Eva & Franco Mattes. McFarland's other projects with PNCA include solo exhibitions with  Luc Tuymans, Wangechi Mutu, Joe Sacco, Cauleen Smith, Sandow Birk, James Rosenquist, David Horvitz, Sue Coe, Thomas Zummer, and many others. His work focuses on issues of class, representation, information environments, and phenomenological perception.

In 2006 McFarland teamed with Dennis Nyback in the Portland Portland Institute for Contemporary Art Time Based Art project the Portland That Was.

Wangechi Mutu
Wangechi Mutu (pronunciationⓘ; born 1972) is a Kenyan American visual artist, known primarily for her painting, sculpture, film, and performance work. Born in Kenya, Mutu now splits her time between her studio there in Nairobi and her studio in Brooklyn, New York, where she  has lived and worked for over 20 years. Mutu's work has directed the female body as subject through collage painting, immersive installation, and live and video performance while exploring questions of self-image, gender constructs, cultural trauma, and environmental destruction and notions of beauty and power.
Alabama Regional Communications System
The Alabama Regional Communications System (ARCS) is a radio/alert notification communications district with responsibility for providing user-based administration for operations and maintenance of the interoperable communications system that serves Calhoun County, Alabama and Talladega County, Alabama.  The Motorola trunked radio system is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to operate on radio frequency spectrum in the 800 megahertz (MHz) public safety band.

Calhoun County, Alabama
Calhoun County is a county in the east central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,441. Its county seat is Anniston. It is named in honor of John C. Calhoun, a US Senator from South Carolina.

Calhoun County comprises the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Grgeteg
Grgeteg (Serbian Cyrillic: Гргетег) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Irig municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority among its population of 76, according to the 2011 census.

Grgeteg is home to the Grgeteg Monastery, one of the sixteen monasteries on the Fruška Gora mountain.

Srem District
The Srem District (Serbian: Сремски округ, romanized: Sremski okrug, pronounced [srɛ̂ːmskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical regions of Syrmia and Mačva. According to the 2022 census, the Srem District has a population of 282,547 inhabitants. The administrative center is the city of Sremska Mitrovica.
Bradford Cathedral
Bradford Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of St Peter, is an Anglican cathedral in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, one of three co-equal cathedrals in the Diocese of Leeds alongside Ripon and Wakefield. Its site has been used for Christian worship since the 7th century, when missionaries based in Dewsbury evangelised the area. For many centuries it was the parish church of St Peter and achieved cathedral status in 1919. The cathedral is a Grade I listed building.

Dewsbury
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It lies to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. It forms part of the Heavy Woollen District, of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census.
The Last Man
The Last Man is an apocalyptic, dystopian science fiction novel by Mary Shelley, first published in 1826. The narrative concerns Europe in the late 21st century, ravaged by the rise of a bubonic plague pandemic that rapidly sweeps across the entire globe, ultimately resulting in the near-extinction of humanity. It also includes discussion of the British state as a republic, for which Shelley sat in meetings of the House of Commons to gain insight to the governmental system of the Romantic era. The novel includes many fictive allusions to her husband Percy Bysshe Shelley, who drowned in a shipwreck four years before the book's publication, as well as their close friend Lord Byron, who had died two years previously.

The Last Man is one of the first pieces of dystopian fiction published. It was critically savaged and remained largely obscure at the time of its publication. It was not until the 1960s that the novel resurfaced for the public.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Hinchinbrooke (1780 ship)
Hinchinbrooke (or Hinchinbrook) was the Spanish ship San Carlos that Admiral Rodney's squadron captured on 8 January 1780. She was sold as a prize and in 1781 commenced a voyage as an "extra" ship of the British East India Company. During the voyage a French squadron captured her at the Battle of Porto Praya, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her within a day or so. She was lost in the Hooghly River in 1783 on her return voyage to Britain.

San Carlos: On 8 January 1780 a squadron under the command of Admiral Rodney encountered a convoy of 22 Spanish vessels some 76 leagues ENE of Cape Finisterre.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
Becca Blackwell
Becca Blackwell (born 1973/1974) is an American trans actor, performer, and playwright based in New York City. Their play They, Themself and Schmerm has been presented by a number of venues, including at The Public Theater's 2018 Under the Radar Festival, the Abrons Arts Center, and the Portland Institute for Contemporary Art's TBA Festival.

Musician Kathleen Hanna, writing for Artforum, listed Blackwell among their favourite performers of 2014. Blackwell was a recipient of a 2015 Doris Duke Impact Award. In 2016, they were interviewed by Jim Fletcher for BOMB. Blackwell was part of the 2019 class of the Joe's Pub Working Group, a program dedicated to supporting artists at a critical point in their careers.

Blackwell appeared in the second season of the television series The Pitt as social worker Dylan Easton.

Bomb (magazine)
Bomb (stylized in all caps as BOMB) is an American arts magazine edited by artists and writers, published quarterly in print and daily online. It is composed primarily of interviews between creative people working in a variety of disciplines—visual art, literature, film, music, theater, architecture, and dance. In addition to interviews, Bomb publishes reviews of literature, film, and music, as well as new poetry and fiction. Bomb is published by New Art Publications, Inc., a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.
Kristian Järvinen
Kristian Järvinen (born July 29, 1992) is a Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing for TUTO Hockey of the Finnish Mestis.

Kristian Järvinen made his Liiga debut playing with TPS during the 2014-15 Liiga season.

Mestis
Mestis (from Finnish: Mestaruussarja, meaning 'Championship series', stylized as MEST1S) is the second-highest men's ice hockey league in Finland. The league was established by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association in 2000 to replace the I-divisioona ('First Division').

Promotion to the SM-liiga is achievable for a Mestis team if it defeats an SM-liiga club in the qualification series and meets all the criteria established by the SM-liiga. However, Mestis is an open league that allows for relegation and promotion with the third league, Suomi-sarja.

Mestis is also the highest league under the governance of the FIHA.
Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE or Explorer 67) was a NASA space telescope for ultraviolet astronomy. EUVE was a part of NASA's Explorer spacecraft series. Launched on 7 June 1992 with instruments for ultraviolet (UV) radiation between wavelengths of 7 and 76 nm (equivalent to 0.016–0.163 keV in energy), the EUVE was the first satellite mission especially for the short-wave ultraviolet range. The satellite compiled an all-sky survey of 801 astronomical targets before being decommissioned on 31 January 2001.

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.