hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Watchman route problem
The Watchman Problem is an optimization problem in computational geometry where the objective is to compute the shortest route a watchman should take to guard an entire area with obstacles given only a map of the area. The challenge is to make sure the watchman peeks behind every corner and to determine the best order in which corners should be visited in. The problem may be solved in polynomial time when the area to be guarded is a simple polygon. The problem is NP-hard for polygons with holes, but may be approximated in polynomial time by a solution whose length is within a polylogarithmic factor of optimal.

Simple polygon
In geometry, a simple polygon is a polygon that does not intersect itself and has no holes. That is, it is a piecewise-linear Jordan curve consisting of finitely many line segments. These polygons include as special cases the convex polygons, star-shaped polygons, and monotone polygons.

The sum of external angles of a simple polygon is . Every simple polygon with  sides can be triangulated by  of its diagonals, and by the art gallery theorem its interior is visible from some  of its vertices.

Simple polygons are commonly seen as the input to computational geometry problems, including point in polygon testing, area computation, the convex hull of a simple polygon, triangulation, and Euclidean shortest paths.

Other constructions in geometry related to simple polygons include Schwarz–Christoffel mapping, used to find conformal maps involving simple polygons, polygonalization of point sets, constructive solid geometry formulas for polygons, and visibility graphs of polygons.
Arrow Film Corporation
Arrow Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company during the silent era  from 1915 to 1926. An independent company it operated alongside the established studios. Originally formed to supply films for Pathé Exchange, the company quickly separated and concentrated on a mixture of medium and low-budget productions. The company was sometimes referred to as Arrow Pictures.

Actors who appeared in Arrow productions included Clara Bow, Marjorie Daw, Jane Novak, Constance Bennett, Milton Sills, Lionel Barrymore, Dorothy Mackaill, Neva Gerber, Marin Sais, Herbert Rawlinson, Anders Randolf, Ashton Dearholt  and Wallace MacDonald.

W. E. Shallenberger (William Edgar Shallenberger) managed the company. In 1918 it was announced Arrow would use Thanhouser's New Rochelle studio. W. E. Shallenberger and his brother Wilbert Shallenberger were directors of Thanhouser in 1915. They were both doctors.

Ashton Dearholt
Ashton Dearholt (April 4, 1894 – April 27, 1942) was an American actor of the silent film era. He appeared in 75 films between 1915 and 1938. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and died in Los Angeles, California. He was sometimes billed as Richard Holt.
Antropov
Antropov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksey Antropov (1716–1795), Russian painter

Alexander Antropov (born 1990), Russian ice hockey player

Andrey Antropov (born 1967), Russian badminton player

Egor Antropov (born 1992), Russian ice hockey defenceman

Ilya Antropov (born 1997), Russian football player

Nik Antropov (born 1980), Kazakh-Canadian ice hockey centre

Robert Antropov (born 1965), Estonian politician

Andrey Antropov
Andrey Mikhaylovich Antropov (Russian: Андрей Михайлович Антропов; born 21 May 1967) is a Russian badminton player who represented the Soviet Union and Russian Federation at the European Badminton Championships and the Unified Team and Russia at the 1992 and 1996 Olympics, respectively.

Antropov competed in badminton at the 1996 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with partner Nikolai Zuyev. They were defeated by Antonius Ariantho and Denny Kantono of Indonesia (15-5, 15-1) in the quarter-finals. Antropov earned the silver medal in the men's doubles with Zuyev at the 14th European Badminton Championships in Den Bosch, Netherlands, 10–17 April 1994. He also competed in men's singles at the 1992 and 1996 Olympics.
2004 Las Vegas Desert Classic
The 2004 Las Vegas Desert Classic, promoted at the time as the Las Vegas Desert Classic III, was the third year that the Professional Darts Corporation held a major darts tournament in the United States. It was held between 30 June and July 4, 2004.

The tournament was held at the MGM Grand Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada and was broadcast in the UK by Sky Sports. The layout of the playing hall had been modified from the previous year, and attracted larger crowds.

Peter Manley, who went on to win the title the previous year, lost his title defence to fellow compatriot Kevin Painter in the second round, by 3 sets to 0.

The tournament was won by Phil Taylor, who beat Wayne Mardle 6–4 in sets in the final.

Wayne Mardle
Wayne Mardle (born 10 May 1973) is an English former professional darts player who competed in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and British Darts Organisation (BDO) events. He finished as the runner-up in three PDC majors, losing to Phil Taylor in the final on each occasion. He was also a five times world championship semi-finalist (four PDC and one BDO). He currently works as a pundit and commentator.

He has been known as "Hawaii 501" since 2000, a play on the title of the popular television series Hawaii Five-O, due to the Hawaiian shirts he started wearing in 1998 for a bet, and 501 being the start score of a leg of darts. This dress sense coupled with his crowd-pleasing onstage activity (such as dancing to the interval music) saw him become one of the most popular players on the circuit.
Medawachchiya Electoral District
Medawachchiya electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Medawachchiya in Anuradhapura District, North Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Medawachchiya electoral district was replaced by the Anuradhapura multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

During the time of this electorate the sole member of parliament was Maithripala Senanayake.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
Communauté de communes des Vallées vertes du Cher Ouest
The communauté de communes des Vallées vertes du Cher Ouest was located in the Cher  département  of the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It was created in January 1994. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Vierzon-Sologne-Berry in January 2013.

Cher (department)
Cher (/ʃɛər/ SHAIR; French: [ʃɛʁ] ⓘ; Berrichon: Char) is a department in central France, part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Named after the river Cher, its prefecture is Bourges. In 2019, it had a population of 302,306.
Xu Xiaoxu
Xu Xiaoxu (Chinese: 许晓旭; 8 August 1986 in Beijing) is a Chinese field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she competed with the China women's national field hockey team in the women's tournament.

She won a silver medal as a member of the Chinese team at 2014 Asian Games.

China women's national field hockey team
The China women's national field hockey team (Chinese: 中国国家女子曲棍球队; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guójiā Nǚzǐ Qūgùnqiú Duì) represents the People's Republic of China. The team won silver at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and secured a medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, as well as bronze at the 2002 Hockey World Cup in Perth, Australia.  Also, the team won the 2002 Hockey Champions Trophy and finished second in 2004 and 2006.
Samuel O. Thier
Samuel Osiah Thier (June 23, 1937 – January 3, 2026) was an American doctor and academic who was professor of Medicine and Health Care Policy at Harvard University. He earned his medical degree at the State University of New York Upstate Medical University in 1960. He previously served as the president of Brandeis University from 1991–1994 and the president of the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1994-96.

Thier was an authority on internal medicine and kidney disease and was also known for his expertise in national health policy, medical education and biomedical research.

Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH or The Brigham) is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and the largest hospital in the Longwood Medical Area in Boston, Massachusetts. Along with Massachusetts General Hospital, it is one of the two founding members of Mass General Brigham, the largest healthcare provider in Massachusetts. Giles Boland, MD, serves as the hospital's current president.

Brigham and Women's Hospital conducts the second largest hospital-based research program in the world, with an annual research budget of more than $630 million.
1970 Pacific Southwest Open – Men's singles
The 1970 Pacific Southwest Open – Men's singles was an event of the 1970 Pacific Southwest Open tennis tournament and was played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California, in the United States between September 21 and September 27, 1970. Pancho Gonzales was the defending Pacific Southwest Open champion but was defeated in the quarterfinals. First-seeded Rod Laver won the title by defeating second-seeded John Newcombe 4–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–5) in the final.

Pancho Gonzales
Ricardo Alonso "Pancho" González (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), known sometimes as Richard Gonzales, was an American tennis player. He won 15 major singles titles, including two U.S. National Championships in 1948 and 1949, and 13 Professional majors. He also won three Tournament of Champions professional events in 1957, 1958, and 1959. Gonzales was ranked as the amateur world No. 1 in 1948 by Ned Potter and in 1949 by Potter  and John Olliff.

Gonzales was a prominent professional champion in the 1950s and 1960s, winning world professional championship tours between 1954 and 1961; he was the world number one ranked male tennis player professional between 1952 and 1961. Gonzales was a determined competitor with a fierce temper.  He was often at odds with officials and promoters. However, he was a fan favorite who drew many spectators.
Al Hilal ESC (Al-Fasher)
Al-Hilal Educational Sport Club (Arabic: نادي الهلال للتربية البدنية) also known as Hilal Al-Fasher is a football club from Al-Fasher, Sudan. They play in the top level of Sudanese professional football, the Sudan Premier League.

El Fasher
El Fasher (also alternatively rendered as Al-Fashir; Arabic: الفاشر, romanized: al-Fāshir) is a city in western Sudan. It serves as the capital of the North Darfur State, is located in the Darfur region of Sudan, and is 195 kilometres (121 mi) northeast of Nyala. A historical caravan post, El Fasher is located at an elevation of about 700 metres (2,300 ft). The city serves as an agricultural marketing point for the cereals and fruits grown in the surrounding region. El Fasher is linked by road to both Geneina and Umm Keddada.

The city was the site of a major siege during the ongoing Sudanese civil war, which lasted 18 months, before falling to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in October 2025. Shortly after the city's capture by the RSF, an estimated 60,000–68,000 civilians were killed in the El Fasher massacre.
Gorkhmaz Eyvazov
Gorkhmaz Abysh oglu Eyvazov (Azerbaijani: Qorxmaz Abış oğlu Eyvazov; born 1 April 1967) was an Azerbaijani policeman, foreman of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan, participant of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, National Hero of Azerbaijan.

Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
The Internal Troops of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Daxili Qoşunları), also known as Interior Troops or Interior Guard, is the uniformed gendarmerie-like force in Azerbaijan. Internal Troops are subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan (the police authority of the country). The Internal Troops are the descendant of the Soviet Union's Internal Troops, and are used to deal with internal emergencies such as natural disasters, restoring public order, internal armed conflicts and to safeguard important facilities. During wartime, the Internal Troops fall under the jurisdiction of the Azerbaijani Land Forces and fulfill tasks of local defense and security. Other law enforcement bodies in Azerbaijan include the Azerbaijani National Guard and the State Border Service and its Coast Guard subcomponent. Founded in 1933, the Mubariz Keshikde newspaper informs the public about the activities of the internal troops.
Gobinda Chandra Basumatary
Gobinda Chandra Basumatary is a United People's Party Liberal politician from the Indian state of Assam. He has been elected to the Assam Legislative Assembly from Udalguri constituency in the 2021 election.

2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election
The 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election was the 15th quinquennial legislative assembly election held in the Indian state of Assam from March 27 to April 6 in three phases, to elect 126 MLAs to the 15th Assam Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the result declared on Sunday, 2 May. The term of the 14th Legislative Assembly of Assam ended on 31 May 2021.

The election saw the incumbent BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) retaining power with 75 seats, which marked the first time a non-INC alliance won consecutive terms in the state. The Mahajot led by INC won 50 seats, increasing its tally from 26 in 2016. Jailed activist and Raijor Dal founder and President Akhil Gogoi contested the election as an independent candidate and won the Sibsagar seat by a margin of 11,875 votes.
Patricia Obo-Nai
Patricia Obo-Nai is a Ghanaian engineer, the first Ghanaian to become Chief Executive Officer of Vodafone Ghana. Her appointment on 19 February 2019 took effect on 1 April 2019. She is a member of the Ghana Institution of Engineers, (GHIE) and Vodafone's executive committee. In May 2021, she was named among the top 50 Most Influential Female Leaders in Africa within the corporate and business sphere by Leading Ladies Africa.

Ghana Institution of Engineers
The Ghana Institution of Engineering (GhIE) is professional bodies responsible for licensing practicing engineers in Ghana. It was founded in 1968 to succeed the Ghana Group of Professional Engineers. The Institution derives its authority from the Engineering Council Act 2011, Act 819 and the Professional Bodies Registration Decree NRCD143 of 1973. It regulates the activities of engineers and engineering firms in Ghana. It also sets standards in engineering sector of Ghana and organises professional exams for engineers.
Math Blaster Episode II: Secret of the Lost City
Math Blaster Episode II: Secret of the Lost City is an educational game in the Blaster Learning System by Davidson & Associates and is the sequel to Math Blaster Episode I: In Search of Spot. In the plot of this math game, the evil Dr. Minus shoots down Blasternaut, Spot, and Galactic Commander as they search for the Lost City in their Galactic Cruiser. They crash, thankfully, next to the Lost City. Dr. Minus' 'Negatrons' try to stop them as they unlock the secret of the Lost City to save Galactic Command.

Davidson & Associates
Davidson & Associates, Inc. was an American developer of educational software based in Torrance, California. The company was founded in 1982 by husband-and-wife Bob and Jan Davidson, the latter of whom led the company as president until January 1997. Specializing in the production of edutainment software, the company was acquired by CUC International in February 1996 and served as the base for CUC's CUC Software division, being made responsible for the sales and distribution of the combined company.

Davidson owned several studios, including Funnybone Interactive, Learningways, Capitol Multimedia, and Blizzard Entertainment. Other subsidiaries included  First Byte, Maverick Software, Fas-Track and Educational Resources as well as Gryphon Software.

Davidson & Associates was known chiefly for their Blaster series of educational games, including Math Blaster as well as their licensed games based on the products of Fisher-Price.
-al
In chemistry, the suffix -al is the IUPAC nomenclature used in organic chemistry to form names of aldehydes containing the -(CO)H group in the systematic form. It was extracted from the word "aldehyde". With the exception of chemical compounds having a higher priority than it, all aldehydes are named using -al, such as 'propanal'. Some aldehydes also have common names, such as formaldehyde for methanal, acetaldehyde for ethanal. Benzaldehyde does not have a systematic form with -al.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
Cheat (game show)
Cheat (styled as CH£AT, though the pound currency sign is variation of the letter L) is a British game show hosted by Danny Dyer and Ellie Taylor. The 12 episodes of its only series were released on Netflix in March 2023.

L
L, or l, is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is el (pronounced /ˈɛl/ ⓘ EL), plural els.
Potassium tetraphenylborate
Potassium tetraphenylborate is the salt with the formula KB(C6H5)4).  It is a colourless salt that is a rare example of a water-insoluble salt of potassium.

The salt has a low solubility in water of only 1.8×10−4 g/L.  It is, however, soluble in organic solvents. The insolubility of this compound has been used to determine the concentration of potassium ions by precipitation and gravimetric analysis:

K+  +  NaB(Ph)4   →   KB(Ph)4  +  Na+

The compound adopts a polymeric structure with bonds between the phenyl rings and potassium.  As such it is classified as an organopotassium compound.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
Ankrum
Ankrum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aubrey Ankrum (born 1972), American screenwriter, animator, and graphic artist

Morris Ankrum (1896–1964), American actor

Tyler Ankrum (born 2001), American stock car racing driver

Aubrey Ankrum
Aubrey Ankrum is an American screenwriter, animator and graphic artist.  He is mostly known as one of the creators of the popular Flash cartoon Happy Tree Friends.  He also worked on several Mondo Media shows and has made graphics for many companies.
Shadow of Sartana ... Shadow of Your Death
Shadow of Sartana ... Shadow of Your Death (Italian: Passa Sartana... è l'ombra della tua morte) is a 1969 Italian Spaghetti Western directed and written by Demofilo Fidani (credited as Sean O'Neal as director, and as  Miles Deem as writer...). The film is also known as Sartana and His Shadow of Death.

Demofilo Fidani
Demofilo Fidani (born 8 February 1914 on a steamship bound for Cagliari; died 4 April 1994) was an Italian film director (24 films), set designer (more than 200 films), painter, and a regarded medium and author.

As director, Fidani specialized in spaghetti westerns and used many different pseudonyms including Miles Deem, Lucky Dickinson, Alex Demos, and Danilo Dani. Many of his films were westerns, in which he used the names of well-known characters such as Butch Cassidy, Macho Callahan, Django and Sartana, as well as titles that were variations of popular titles. Besides his westerns, he directed crime films, sex comedies, and, in 1972, a giallo called A.A.A. Masseuse, Good-Looking, Offers Her Services. Fidani's regular actors included Jack Betts (also known as Hunt Powers), Gordon Mitchell, Jeff Cameron and Klaus Kinski.
Betty Clawman
Betty Clawman is a fictional superhero and disembodied cosmic force in the DC Comics shared universe.  She first appeared in Millennium #2 (January 1988), and was created by Steve Englehart and Joe Staton.

The Millennium series was specifically written to introduce superheroes of color into the DC universe. Betty Clawman is an Aboriginal Australian woman, and her teammates include Gloss (aka Xiang Po, from mainland China), Jet (aka Celia Windward, an Afro-Caribbean British citizen), Extraño (aka Gregorio de la Vega, from Peru) and Inuit mechanic Thomas Kalmaku.

Steve Englehart
Steve Englehart (/ˈɛŋɡəlhɑːrt/; born April 22, 1947) is an American writer of comic books and novels. He is best known for his work at Marvel Comics and DC Comics in the 1970s and 1980s. His pseudonyms have included John Harkness and Cliff Garnett.
Mot (rapper)
Matvey Aleksandrovich Melnikov (Russian: Матвéй Алексáндрович Мéльников; born (1990-03-02)March 2, 1990 in Krymsk), better known by his stage name Mot (Russian: Мот), is a Russian musician and pop-singer. From 1 March 2013 until 22 January 2022, he was an artist with the label Black Star.

Artem Pyvovarov
Artem Volodymyrovych Pyvovarov (Ukrainian: Артем Володимирович Пивоваров; born 28 June 1991) is a Ukrainian new wave singer and composer. He has won two YUNA awards: in 2021 for best song and in 2022 the best performer.
Buddy Farnham
Mark Raymond "Buddy" Farnham (born May 22, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2010. He played college football for the Brown Bears, and was a three-time first-team All-Ivy League selection and 2009 co-Ivy League Football Player of the Year.

Brown Bears football
The Brown Bears football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Brown University located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and is a member of the Ivy League. Brown's first football team was fielded in 1878. The Bears play their home games at the 20,000-seat Richard Gouse Field at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island. The team's head coach is James Perry, who was hired on December 3, 2018.