hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Hottot
Robert Hottot (1884, Paris - 1939) was a French explorer.

In 1908–1909, Hottot organised in association with the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris an expedition along the Congo River to Lake Chad. One of the expedition members was Léon Poutrin.
After the expedition and his marriage he lived in various places in France, then in Jersey and finally in Oxford.

He was sometime President of the Oxford University Anthropological Society and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. His zoological Botanical and ethnographic collections are mostly in Paris (Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and Musée du quai Branly) as was his agreement with the French Government but a small collection of insects from Equatorial Africa is in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History and some expedition papers and early stereo photographs are in the Pitt Rivers Museum.

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
Posoco
Posoco (possibly from Quechua for foam) is a mountain in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, on the border of the districts of Chachas and Choco.

Posoco is also the name of an intermittent stream which originates at the mountain. It flows to Collpamayo (possibly from Quechua for "salty river") in the southeast. Collpamayo is a tributary of Molloco River which is a right affluent of Colca River.

Colca River
Colca River (possibly from Quechua qullqa deposit) which downstream is called Majes and Camaná is a Peruvian river in the Arequipa Region that flows deep in the rugged Andes of southern Peru. It originates south-east of the village Janq'u Lakaya (Ancolaccaya) in the Callalli District of the Caylloma Province. On its way from Chivay to Cabanaconde it flows through one of the deepest canyons of the world known as the Colca Canyon. Near the town of Camaná the river empties into the Pacific Ocean.
Registered Tax Return Preparer
A Registered Tax Return Preparer is a former category of federal tax return preparers created by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

In January 2013, the IRS announced the suspension of the program because of a ruling on January 18, 2013, by Judge James E. Boasberg of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. As a result of a lawsuit, the Court issued an order prohibiting the IRS from enforcing the regulatory requirements for registered tax return preparers. In accordance with this order, tax return preparers covered by this program are not currently required to register with the IRS. The IRS announced that because of the Court's ruling, tax return preparers are not required to complete the competency testing or to secure the continuing education that had been required.

United States District Court for the District of Columbia
The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.D.C.) is a federal district court in Washington, D.C. Along with the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii and the High Court of American Samoa, it also sometimes handles federal issues that arise in the territory of American Samoa, which has no local federal court or territorial court.

Appeals from the District Court are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, except for patent claims and claims against the United States federal government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit.

The United States Attorney for the District of Columbia is Jeanine Pirro.
Nänie
Nänie (the German form of Latin naenia, meaning "a funeral song" named after the Roman goddess Nenia) is a composition for SATB chorus and orchestra, Op. 82 by Johannes Brahms, which sets to music the poem "Nänie" by Friedrich Schiller. Brahms composed the piece in 1881, in memory of his deceased friend Anselm Feuerbach. It was first performed by the Tonhalle Gesellschaft Chorus Zürich on 6 December 1881, conducted by Brahms. Nänie is a lamentation on the inevitability of death; the first sentence, "Auch das Schöne muß sterben", translates to "Even beauty must die". Typical duration of a performance is approximately 15 minutes.

Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich
47°21′58″N 8°32′16″E﻿ / ﻿47.366025°N 8.537650°E﻿ / 47.366025; 8.537650

The Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich is a Swiss symphony orchestra based in Zürich.  Its principal residence is the Tonhalle concert hall.
Rakushou! Pachi-Slot Sengen
Rakushou! Pachi-Slot Sengen is a series of pachi-slot (Japanese slot machine) simulation games from Tecmo primarily for the PlayStation 2. While early games in the series featured several of Tecmo's real-life gambling machines, the fifth and sixth games focused on the Rio line of machines, as well as their star, Rio Rollins Tachibana, a character who later appeared in the 2010 Dead or Alive Paradise game, starred in the 2011 anime television series Rio: Rainbow Gate!, and appeared playable in the 2017 action game Warriors All-Stars.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
Braxon Peak
Braxon Peak, at 10,353 feet (3,156 m) above sea level is a peak in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho. The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area on the border of Boise and Custer counties. The peak is located 1.36 mi (2.19 km) south of Mount Cramer, its line parent. It is also about 1.2 mi (1.9 km) south-southwest of Mount Heyburn. Braxon Lake is just southwest of the peak.

Line parent
A peak's line parent is the closest higher peak on the highest ridge leading away from the peak's "key col".  A col is the lowest point on the ridge between two summits and is roughly synonymous with the lowest point of a gap, saddle and notch. The highest col of a peak is its key col. If there is more than one ridge which can be followed to a higher peak then the line parent is the peak closest to the key col. Usually, a line parent must meet some prominence criteria, which might vary depending on the author and the location of the peak.

There are at least two other kinds of peak parentage: island parentage, which is also referred to as encirclement or topographic parentage, and source parentage.
Hat Trick (America album)
Hat Trick is the third studio album by the American folk rock trio America, released on Warner Bros. Records in 1973. It peaked at number 28 on the Billboard album chart; it failed to go gold, whereas the group's first two releases had platinum sales. The album produced the single "Muskrat Love", which reached number 67 on the Billboard singles chart and number 11 on the adult contemporary chart. That song would become a much bigger hit for Captain & Tennille three years later.

Captain & Tennille
Captain & Tennille were an American recording duo whose primary success occurred in the 1970s. The husband-and-wife team were "Captain" Daryl Dragon (1942–2019) and Toni Tennille (born 1940). They have five albums certified gold or platinum and scored numerous hits on the US singles charts, the most enduring of which included "Love Will Keep Us Together", "Do That to Me One More Time", and "Muskrat Love". They  hosted their own television variety series on ABC in 1976–77.
2006 Mnet KM Music Festival
The 2006 Mnet KM Music Festival (MKMF) took place on November 25, 2006, at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena in Seoul, South Korea. It was hosted by comedian Shin Dong-yup and actress Kim Ok-vin. The most awarded artists were boy bands TVXQ and SG Wannabe winning two of their five nominations.

MAMA Awards
The MAMA Awards (Korean: 마마 어워즈, formerly Mnet Asian Music Awards) is a major music awards ceremony presented annually by entertainment company CJ ENM. First held in South Korea, the majority of prizes have been won by K-pop artists, although there are other Asian artists winning in various award categories, such as for Best Asian Artist and other professional-related awards.

The awards ceremony was first held in Seoul in 1999, being aired on Mnet. MAMA has also been held in various Asian countries and cities outside of South Korea since 2010 and now airs internationally online beyond Asia.
Cartan matrix
In mathematics, the term Cartan matrix has three meanings.  All of these are named after the French mathematician Élie Cartan. Amusingly, the Cartan matrices in the context of Lie algebras were first investigated by Wilhelm Killing, whereas the Killing form is due to Cartan.

Graduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Texts in Mathematics (GTM) (ISSN 0072-5285) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag.  The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are yellow books of a standard size (with variable numbers of pages).  The GTM series is easily identified by a white band at the top of the book.

The books in this series tend to be written at a more advanced level than the similar Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series, although there is a fair amount of overlap between the two series in terms of material covered and difficulty level.
Creully sur Seulles
Creully sur Seulles (French pronunciation: [kʁøli syʁ sœl], literally Creully on Seulles) is a commune in the department of Calvados, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Creully (the seat), Saint-Gabriel-Brécy and Villiers-le-Sec.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
Hartley's test
In statistics, Hartley's test, also known as the Fmax test or Hartley's Fmax, is used in the analysis of variance to verify that different groups have a similar variance, an assumption needed for other statistical tests. It was developed by H. O. Hartley, who published it in 1950.

The test involves computing the ratio of the largest group variance, max(sj2) to the smallest group variance, min(sj2). The resulting ratio, Fmax, is then compared to a critical value from a table of the sampling distribution of Fmax. If the computed ratio is less than the critical value, the groups are assumed to have similar or equal variances.

Hartley's test assumes that data for each group are normally distributed, and that each group has an equal number of members. This test, although convenient, is quite sensitive to violations of the normality assumption. Alternatives to Hartley's test that are robust to violations of normality are O'Brien's procedure, and the Brown–Forsythe test.

Sampling distribution
In statistics, a sampling distribution or finite-sample distribution is the probability distribution of a given random-sample-based statistic. For an arbitrarily large number of samples where each sample, involving multiple observations (data points), is separately used to compute one value of a statistic (for example, the sample mean or sample variance) per sample, the sampling distribution is the probability distribution of the values that the statistic takes on. In many contexts, only one sample (i.e., a set of observations) is observed, but the sampling distribution can be found theoretically.

Sampling distributions are important in statistics because they provide a major simplification en route to statistical inference. More specifically, they allow analytical considerations to be based on the probability distribution of a statistic, rather than on the joint probability distribution of all the individual sample values.
Catfield
Catfield is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Stalham, 12 miles (19 km) north-west of Great Yarmouth, and 12 miles (19 km) north-east of Norwich. At the 2021 census the parish a population of 983, an increase from 943 at the 2011 census.

Parts of the parish are in the Norfolk Broads, with it extending eastward to include parts of Hickling Broad and to the west to the River Ant and edge of Barton Broad.

The A149 road runs through the parish, bypassing the village of Catfield along the route of the former Midland and Great Northern railway line between Melton Constable and Yarmouth Beach railway station. Catfield railway station, which was just outside the parish boundary, operated from 1880 until its closure in 1959.

River Ant
The River Ant is a tributary river of the River Bure in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long (of which 8.75 miles are now navigable), and has an overall drop of 27 metres from source to mouth. It is said that the Ant was formerly known as the River Smalea and that this is the origin of the name of the village of Smallburgh.  The modern name is a back-formation from Antingham.

The Ant Broads & Marshes NNR is a national nature reserve.
2020 BET Hip Hop Awards
The 2020 BET Hip Hop Awards is a recognition ceremony that was held on October 27, 2020, as the 15th installment of the BET Hip Hop Awards. The nominations were announced on September 29, 2020. Hosted by Wild 'N Out cast members and hosts of 85 South Comedy Show podcast: Chico Bean, Karlous Miller and D.C. Young Fly.

DaBaby lead the number of nominations with twelve, with Roddy Ricch earning eleven, and both Megan Thee Stallion and Drake receiving eight each.

Toosie Slide
"Toosie Slide" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes (2020). Written alongside producer OZ, it was released as the lead single on April 3, 2020, through Republic and OVO. The song is titled after social media influencer, Toosie, who had previously helped the song go viral. A video was released alongside the song, showing Drake quarantined, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He also demonstrates the Toosie Slide dance in his Toronto mansion. The song debuted at number eighteen on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 before debuting at number one on the main Billboard Hot 100 chart the next week, making Drake the first male artist to accomplish three number-one debuts.
Drake Bay Formation
The Drake Bay Formation is a Pliocene stratigraphic unit in California. In 1993, paleontologists excavated a whale skeleton associated with fossil shark teeth and fish vertebrae that may have belonged to a giant salmon from Drake Bay sediments at Point Reyes National Seashore.

Point Reyes National Seashore
Point Reyes National Seashore is a 71,028-acre (287.44 km2) park preserve located on the Point Reyes Peninsula in Marin County, California. As a national seashore, it is maintained by the US National Park Service as an important nature preserve. No other park in the world hosts breeding hoofed megafauna (elk) and marine megafauna (elephant and other seals). Some existing agricultural uses are allowed to continue within the park. Clem Miller, a US Congressman from Marin County, wrote and introduced the bill for the establishment of Point Reyes National Seashore in 1962 to protect the peninsula from development which was proposed at the time for the slopes above Drake's Bay. About half of the national seashore is protected as wilderness.
Fasolada
Fasolada (Greek: φασολάδα) or fasoulada (Greek: φασουλάδα) is a Greek and Cypriot soup of dry white beans, olive oil, and vegetables. It is sometimes called the "national food of the Greeks".

Fasolada is made by simmering beans with tomatoes and other vegetables such as carrots, onion, parsley, thyme, celery, and bay leaf. Lima beans are sometimes used instead of white beans. Recipes vary considerably, often including meat and olive oil.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
Cutlers Ait
Cutlers Ait is an island in the River Thames in England adjacent to Romney Island and Romney Lock, near Windsor, Berkshire.

The island is a tree-covered strip adjacent to the opposite bank of the river from the Lock, near Eton. Romney weir sits between the two islands.

Eton, Berkshire
Eton (/ˈiːtən/ EE-tən) is a town in Berkshire, England. It is located on the River Thames opposite the town of Windsor, to which it is connected by Windsor Bridge. The civil parish of Eton, which also includes the village of Eton Wick two miles west of the town, had a population of 4,692 at the 2011 census. The town is best known as the location of Eton College. Eton was historically within Buckinghamshire, being moved to Berkshire in 1974.
Ryan Smith (South African politician)
Ryan Smith is a South African politician and a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Democratic Alliance (DA).

He was elected to the National Assembly of South Africa in the 2024 South African general election, where he was 59th on the national party list. The Democratic Alliance announced on 29 July 2025, that Smith would become spokesperson on the International Relations portfolio in Parliament after Emma Powell chose to resign from the role.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Cameroon men's national under-17 basketball team
The Cameroon men's national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of Cameroon, administered by the Fédération Camerounaise de Basketball. It represents the country in international under-16 and under-17 men's basketball competitions.

The team qualified for the FIBA U16 AfroBasket for the first time in 2025 and immediately won the silver medal there, which means that in 2026 they will play in the FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup for the first time.

FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup
The FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup (formerly FIBA Under-17 World Championship) is the under-17 men's world basketball championship organised by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). The inaugural tournament was in July 2010, and is held biennially.
Shilole
Zena Yusuf Mohammed (born 20 December 1987, in Tanzania), known by her stage name Shilole, is a Tanzanian musician and actress. She specializes in R&B, Zouk, and new generation Tanzania music popularly known as Bongo Fleva. Shilole is considered as one of the top female artists in Tanzania; her works has been nominated 3 times in KTMA, Tanzania's top music awards. She has also recorded with a number of artists including Mr Camera (South Africa) and Selebobo (Nigeria). Shilole is considered as one of the most influential artist among her fans and is said to be the most loved female artist in Tanzania, the first female artist in Tanzania to clock 1 million followers in Instagram, a record she holds for a long time Shilole is credited as one of the key figures in the popularization of Tanzania's new music genre Bongo Flava, as a career to upcoming female artists.

Selebobo
Udoka Chigozie Oku, also known by his stage name Selebobo, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, producer, and mixing engineer. Formerly signed to Made Men Music Group. Selebobo is most known for his singles, "Yoyo', "Selfie", and "Waka Waka". He has also collaborated with Flavour N'abania, Yemi Alade, Tekno Miles, Emma Nyra, and Iyanya. He was also a nominee of the Producer of the Year category at 2018 The Headies.
Negoslavci
Negoslavci (Serbian Cyrillic: Негославци, Hungarian: Negoszlovce) is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. It is located south of the town of Vukovar, seat of the county. Landscape of the Negoslavci Municipality is marked by the Pannonian Basin plains and agricultural fields of maize, wheat, common sunflower and sugar beet.

The modern day municipality was established in 1997 by the UNTAES administration as one of new predominantly Serb municipalities in order to ensure access to local self-government to Serb community in the region.

Common sunflower
The common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a species of large annual forb of the daisy family Asteraceae. The common sunflower is harvested for its edible oily seeds, which are often eaten as a snack food. They are also used in the production of cooking oil, as food for livestock, as bird food, and as plantings in domestic gardens for aesthetics. Wild plants are known for their multiple flower heads, whereas the domestic sunflower often possesses a single large flower head atop an unbranched stem.
Ross Cimpl
Ross Cimpl (born c. 1985) is an American college football coach. He is the athletic director for Dakota Wesleyan University, a position he has held since 2024 after being the head football coach from 2012 to 2023. He also coached and played for Sioux Falls.

Sioux Falls Cougars football
The Sioux Falls Cougars football team represents the University of Sioux Falls, located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, in NCAA Division II college football.

The Cougars, who began playing football in 1902, currently compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference.

Sioux Falls won the NAIA Division II football national championship in 1996 and the NAIA football national championship in 2006, 2008 and 2009. All four of USF's national championships have been undefeated seasons.