hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikola Šimić
Nikola Šimić also spelled Nikola Shimich (Serbian: Никола Шимић; 1766 in Sombor, Habsburg monarchy – 5 January 1848 in Sombor, Austrian Empire) is credited for being the author of the first modern book on logic in the Serbian language, published in Budapest in two volumes, Volume I in 1808 and Volume II in 1809. His second work, Nacin pristojno salitisja (Die Art ariig zu scherzen) (The Art of Decent Joking), was published in 1814, also in Budapest.

Nikola Šimić was a polyglot who studied the works of Christian Wolff and Friedrich Christian Baumeister.

Avram Mrazović, a friend of Nikola Šimić,
wrote the second book on logic in Serbian in a similar manner, entitled "Logic, or Reasoning," completed in 1826, the year Mrazović died. The book was not published.

Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Christian Wolff (/vɔːlf/; less correctly Wolf, German: [vɔlf]; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff in 1745; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher. Wolff is characterized as one of the most eminent German philosophers between Leibniz and Kant. His life work spanned almost every scholarly subject of his time, displayed and unfolded according to his demonstrative-deductive, mathematical method, which some deem the peak of Enlightenment rationality in Germany.

Wolff wrote in German as his primary language of scholarly instruction and research, although he did translate his works into Latin for his transnational European audience.  A founding father of, among other fields, economics and public administration as academic disciplines, he concentrated especially in these fields, giving advice on practical matters to people in government, and stressing the professional nature of university education.
Bethpage Federal Credit Union Stadium
Bethpage Federal Credit Union Stadium is a 6,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Brookville, New York. It is the home of the LIU Sharks football, lacrosse, and field hockey programs.

The stadium opened in 1966, and it was renovated in 2014 when it gained sponsorship from Bethpage Federal Credit Union.

LIU Sharks
The LIU Sharks are the athletics teams representing Long Island University's (LIU) campuses in Brooklyn and Brookville, New York. The Sharks compete in NCAA Division I athletics and are members of the Northeast Conference. The LIU Sharks are the result of the July 1, 2019 unification of the athletic departments which had previously represented two separate campuses of LIU, the NCAA Division I LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds and the NCAA Division II LIU Post Pioneers.
Firestarter (firewall)
Firestarter is a personal firewall tool that uses the Netfilter (iptables/ipchains) system built into the Linux kernel. It has the ability to control both inbound and outbound connections. Firestarter provides a graphical interface for configuring firewall rules and settings. It provides real-time monitoring of all network traffic for the system. Firestarter also provides facilities for port forwarding, internet connection sharing and DHCP service.

Firestarter is free and open-source software and uses GUI widgets from GTK+.  Note that it uses GTK2 and has not been upgraded to use GTK3 so the last Linux distributions it will run on are Ubuntu 18, Debian 9, etc.

Port forwarding
In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall. This technique is most commonly used to make services on a host residing on a protected or masqueraded (internal) network available to hosts on the opposite side of the gateway (external network), by remapping the destination IP address and port number of the communication to an internal host.
Twelve Moons
Twelve Moons is an album by the Jan Garbarek Group recorded in September 1992 and released on ECM the following year. The septet features rhythm section Rainer Brüninghaus, Eberhard Weber and Manu Katché, percussionist Marilyn Mazur and singers Agnes Buen Garnås and Mari Boine.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Asami Kai
Asami Kai (甲斐 麻美/かい あさみ) (born January 9, 1987) is a Japanese actress and gravure idol. She is best known for her role as Maji Blue in the television series Mahō Sentai Magiranger. She is originally from Kumamoto.

Kumamoto
Kumamoto (熊本市, Kumamoto-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 people per km2. The total area is 390.32 km2.

Greater Kumamoto (熊本都市圏) had a population of 1,461,000, as of the 2000 census. As of 2010, Kumamoto Metropolitan Employment Area has a GDP of US$39.8 billion. It is not considered part of the Fukuoka–Kitakyushu metropolitan area, despite their shared border. The city was designated on April 1, 2012, by government ordinance.
Blackwell channel
The Blackwell channel is a deterministic broadcast channel model used in coding theory and information theory. It was first proposed by mathematician David Blackwell. In this model, a transmitter transmits one of three symbols to two receivers. For two of the symbols, both receivers receive exactly what was sent; the third symbol, however, is received differently at each of the receivers. This is one of the simplest examples of a non-trivial capacity result for a non-stochastic channel.

Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.
Miroslav Kopal
Miroslav Kopal (born 17 January 1963) was a Czech nordic combined skier. He competed for Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic from 1984 to 1996. At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, he finished sixth in the 3 × 10 km and seventh in the 15 km individual events. He also competed in the 1994 Winter Olympics.

Kopal's best individual finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fifth in the 15 kn individual at Lahti in 1989. His best World Cup finish was fourth twice both in 15 km individual events in 1988.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
2020 Polish Basketball Cup
The 2020 Suzuki Polish Basketball Cup (Polish: Puchar Polski 2020) was the 57th edition of Poland's national cup competition for men basketball teams. It was managed by the Polish Basketball League (PLK) and was held in Warsaw, in the Arena Ursynów for the fourth time in a row. Anwil Włocławek won its fourth Cup title in club history.

2019–20 PLK season
The 2019–20 Polish Basketball League (PLK) season, the Energa Basket Liga for sponsorship reasons, was the 86th season of the Polish Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Poland. Anwil Włocławek were the defending champions.

On 17 March 2020, the league was ended prematurely due to the coronavirus pandemic. Stelmet Enea Zielona Góra were named champions.
Herbert Lane
Herbert William Lane (1853 – 16 February 1938) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Norfolk, England, to land agent William Lane. While in England he married his first wife, Alice Pryke. He emigrated to Victoria in 1881, moving to New South Wales in 1890 where he worked as an auctioneer. On 2 April 1891 he married Kate Eliza Johnson; they had two children. He settled in Armidale, where he ran a furniture business and also served as an alderman from 1910 to 1917, including a period as mayor from 1914 to 1915. A Liberal, he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1915 as the member for Armidale. He held the seat until 1920, when he was defeated running as a Nationalist for the multi-member seat of Northern Tableland. Lane died at Bondi in 1938.

Armidale
Armidale is a city in the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. Armidale had a population of 23,967 as of the 2021 census. It is the administrative centre for the Northern Tablelands region. It is approximately halfway between Sydney and Brisbane at the junction of the New England Highway and Waterfall Way.

Armidale is a rural university town, home to the University of New England (UNE). Armidale is located within the New England Renewable Energy Zone, which is expected to bring significant renewable energy development to the area.
Charlottesville Alliance FC
Charlottesville Alliance FC, formerly Aromas Café FC, is an American amateur soccer club based in Charlottesville, Virginia. In 2016, the club reached the second round of the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.

Beginning with the 2018 season, Charlottesville Alliance F.C. play in the Northeast Region Mid-Atlantic Conference of the National Premier Soccer League.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Genlisea aurea
Genlisea aurea is one of the largest carnivorous species in the genus Genlisea (family Lentibulariaceae). It has pale bundles of root-like organs up to about 15 cm long under ground that attract, trap, and digest protozoans. These organs are subterranean leaves, which lack chlorophyll. G. aurea is endemic to Brazil, where it grows with several other species of Genlisea. It possesses an exceptionally small genome for a flowering plant.

Lentibulariaceae
Lentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera: Genlisea, the corkscrew plants; Pinguicula, the butterworts; and Utricularia, the bladderworts.

The genera Polypompholyx (two species of pink petticoats or fairy aprons) and Biovularia used to be regarded as fourth and fifth members of this family. Biovularia has been subsumed into Utricularia, and Polypompholyx has been relegated to a subgenus of Utricularia. Placement of the family used to be in the Scrophulariales, which has been merged with Lamiales in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system.
Gouden Strop
The Gouden Strop (i.e. 'Golden Noose') is the annual award for the best crime novel in the Dutch language. The prize has been awarded since 1986. The winner receives € 10,000 and a statuette. Its Belgian equivalent is the Diamanten Kogel (i.e. 'Diamond Bullet').

Bob Mendes
David Mendes (15 May 1928 – 1 October 2021), who used the pseudonym Bob Mendes, was a Belgian accountant and writer of detective stories. He was born in Schoten, graduated in accountancy, fiscal duties and business administration and started his professional career as an accountant.

He made his literary debut in 1984, with the publication of a collection of poems Met rook geschreven (E: Written with smoke), followed by Alfa en Omega (Alpha and Omega).
Chen-Kao reaction
The Chen-Kao reaction (named after Ko Kuei Chen and Chung-Hsi Kao, Madison, Wisconsin 1926) is a chemical method for determining the presence of pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and similar phenylalkylamines.
The reaction is used in spot tests and is also known as Chen-Kao test (or simply as Chen, Test T in UN Precursor Test Kit). 
The test is often used to distinguish ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, cathinone and methcathinone from amphetamine and methamphetamine,
which do not react with Chen’s test reagent.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
The Flame of Iridar
The Flame of Iridar is a science fantasy novella by American writer Lin Carter set on an ancient, inhabited Mars. It was first published in paperback by Belmont Books in May 1967 together with the unrelated Kris Neville novella Peril of the Starmen as the "Belmont Double" anthology, The Flame of Iridar/Peril of the Starmen. The anthology was reissued in trade paperback by Wildside Press in August 2018. A chapbook of the Carter work alone, constituting its first stand-alone edition, was published by Sabre Press in 2019. The first British edition was issued in ebook by Gateway/Orion in January 2020.

Kris Neville
Kris Ottman Neville (May 9, 1925 – December 23, 1980) was an American science fiction writer from California.

He was born in St. Louis. His first science fiction work was published in 1949. His most famous work, the novella Bettyann, is considered a classic of science fiction.
FIVB Volleyball World League statistics
This article gives the summarized final standings of each FIVB Volleyball World League tournament, an annual competition involving national men's volleyball teams. The most successful teams, as of 2017, have been: Brazil, 9 times (1993, 2001, 2003–07, 2009–10) and Italy, 8 times (1990–92, 1994–95, 1997, 1999–2000). The competition has been won 3 times by Russia (2002, 2011, 2013), twice by United States (2008, 2014) and France (2015, 2017) and once by Netherlands (1996), Cuba (1998), Poland (2012) and Serbia (2016).

Brazil men's national volleyball team
The Brazil men's national volleyball team is governed by the Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol (Brazilian Volleyball Confederation) and takes part in international volleyball competitions. Brazil has won three gold medals at the Olympic Games, has won the World Championship three times, and the World League nine times.

With a tally total of 69 titles, Brazil is the national volleyball team that has won the most titles overall in the main FIVB sanctioned competitions, and also the national team that has won the most international titles outside their regional competition. The team is sometimes referred to as volleyball's "Dream Team" in reference to its remarkable winning streak period under coach Bernardo Rezende. Currently Brazil is ranked third in the FIVB World Rankings.
I'm a People (song)
"I'm a People" is a song by George Jones. It became a No. 6 hit single when it was released on the Musicor label in 1966. The song was written by Dallas Frazier, one of Jones' favorite composers at the time. "I'm a People" is one of the oddest novelties Jones ever recorded; the song compares the seemingly carefree existence of monkeys at a zoo with the dreary human enterprise of securing employment.

Novelty item
A novelty item is an object which is specifically designed to serve no practical purpose, and is sold for its uniqueness, humor, or simply as something new (hence "novelty", or newness). The term also applies to practical items with fanciful or nonfunctional additions, such as novelty aprons, slippers, or toilet paper. The term is normally applied to small objects, and is generally not used to describe larger items such as roadside attractions. Items may have an advertising or promotional purpose, or be a souvenir.
Business routes of U.S. Route 83 in Texas
There are currently three business routes of U.S. Route 83 in Texas that are designated and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The business routes in the US state of Texas are traditionally short spurs or loops that connect the main route, in this case, U.S. Route  83 (US 83), to the center or commercial district of a city. The routes commonly follow the course of a decommissioned state highway, or the old course of the main route. Business routes are signed with the traditional US 83 highway shield, and with a small "business plate" placed above the marker. TxDOT regards business routes as official highways, and is responsible for the maintenance of the route.

Texas Department of Transportation
The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT /ˈtɛks.dɒt/) is a Texas state government agency responsible for construction and maintenance of the state's immense state highway system and the support of the state's maritime, aviation, rail, and public transportation systems. TxDOT previously administered vehicle registration prior to the creation of the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles in November 2009.

The agency has been headquartered in the Dewitt C. Greer Building in Austin since 1933.
Edward Bishop, Baron Bishopston
Edward Stanley Bishop, Baron Bishopston, PC (3 October 1920 – 19 April 1984) was a British Labour Party politician.

Born in Bristol, Bishop was educated at South Bristol Central School, Merchant Venturers' Technical College and Bristol University. He was an aeronautical design draughtsman. He contested Bristol West in 1950, Exeter in 1951 and South Gloucestershire in 1955.

Bishop was Member of Parliament for Newark from 1964 to 1979, when he lost the seat to the Conservative Richard Alexander.  Bishop was an assistant government whip from 1966 to 1967, Second Church Estates Commissioner from 18 April–30 November 1974, and Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from 1974 to 1979. He was sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1977.

After he lost his seat, he was created a life peer as Baron Bishopston, of Newark in the County of Nottinghamshire on 21 May 1981.

Lord Bishopston died in Devon aged 63.

Exeter (UK Parliament constituency)
Exeter (/ˈɛksɪtər/ EK-sit-ər) is a constituency composed of the cathedral city and county town of Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Steve Race of the Labour Party.
Ascarididae
The Ascarididae are a family of the large intestinal roundworms. Members of the family are intestinal parasites, infecting all classes of vertebrates. It includes a number of genera, the most well known of which are:

Ascaris lumbricoides is the main ascarid parasite of humans, causing ascariasis.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Matheus Nunes
Matheus Luiz Nunes  (born 27 August 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or right-back for Premier League club Manchester City and the Portugal national team.

Nunes started his career with Ericeirense, before moving to LigaPro side Estoril. During his time with the club, Nunes played mostly in the reserve team, before moving to Primeira Liga side Sporting CP in January 2019. With Sporting, Nunes won a Primeira Liga title and back-to-back Taças da Liga in 2021 and 2022, while being part of the squad that won a double in 2021. In August, Nunes signed with Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers for a club-record transfer worth €45 million (£38 million), before moving to fellow Premier League side Manchester City the following season.

Born in Brazil, Nunes moved to Portugal at 12 years old. He opted to play for the Portugal national team, and made his senior international debut in 2021, representing the side at the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2024.

Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsupɛɾ ˈtasɐ ˈkɐ̃diðu ðɨ ɔliˈvɐjɾɐ]; English: Cândido de Oliveira Super Cup, or simply Portuguese Super Cup) is an annual Portuguese football match played since 1979 between the winners of the top-tier league (Primeira Liga) and cup (Taça de Portugal) competitions.a The match and trophy are named after former Portuguese player, coach and sports journalist Cândido de Oliveira. Recognised and organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since 1981, the Supertaça is usually played in August, before the start of the league season.
Chinatown, Milan
Chinatown in Milan is an ethnic enclave situated in the 8th quarter of Milan (Italy), and it is an important commercial district. It is the oldest and largest Chinese community in Italy, with about 21,000 people in 2011.

The Milanese Chinatown was originally established in via Canonica in the 1920s by immigrants from Wencheng County, in the Zhejiang province, and used to operate small textile and leather workshops.

Today the district is filled with hairdressing salons, fashion boutiques, silk and leather stores, libraries, traveling agencies, medicine centres and massage parlours. The Chinese takeaways and restaurants in the area are mostly specialised in Zhejiang cuisine. Several Italian-Chinese companies are also headquartered in the neighborhood, including the editorial desk of the newspaper Europe China Daily. 
Via Paolo Sarpi is the main street and is largely a pedestrian area. Other important locations are Via Bramante, Via Giovanni Battista Niccolini and Via Aleardo Aleardi.

Boutique
A boutique (French: [butik]) is a retail shop that deals in high end fashionable clothing or accessories. The word is French for "shop", which derives ultimately from the Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothēkē) "storehouse".

Some multi-outlet businesses (chain stores) can be referred to as boutiques if they target small, upscale niche markets. Although some boutiques specialize in hand-made items and other unique products, others simply produce T-shirts, stickers, and other fashion accessories in artificially small runs and sell them at high prices.