hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Veretzky (Rabbinical dynasty)
Veretzky is a Hasidic Jewish Rabbinical dynasty originating in Nyzhni Vorota, Ukraine (known as Veretzky in Yiddish), near the borders with Hungary and Slovakia. While the dynasty reestablished its court in the United States, a dynasty of the same name  has been recently established in Israel as well.

Hungary–Ukraine border
The Hungary–Ukraine border (Hungarian: magyar–ukrán államhatár; Ukrainian: Угорсько-український кордон) is an internationally established boundary between Hungary and Ukraine. The modern border remains unchanged since the end of the World War II.
The current border was established after World War II when Zakarpattia Oblast was admitted into Ukraine, which at the time was part of the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The border stretches for 136.7 km (84.9 mi) along the Tisza river valley.

After the admission of Hungary to the European Union, the border security became the responsibility of the union, as well.
Adygea Airlines
Adygea Airlines (Russian: Авиалинии Адыгеи, romanized: Avialinii Adygei) was the state-owned national airline of the republic of Adygea, in Russia. The company was founded in 1997 and liquidated at the end of 2009.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
Bellanca Pacemaker
The Pacemaker name was applied to a number of related Bellanca aircraft in the 1920s and 1930s:

Bellanca CH-200 Pacemaker

Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker

Bellanca 31-40 and 31-42 Pacemaker Senior

Bellanca 300W Pacemaker

Bellanca E Pacemaker

Bellanca CH-200 Pacemaker
The Bellanca CH-200 Pacemaker was a six-seat, high-wing, single-engine utility aircraft built in the United States in the 1920s. It was a development of the Wright WB-2 that Bellanca had acquired the rights to in 1926 and was the first Bellanca-branded aircraft to gain a type certificate. The CH-200 was used in a number of pioneering long-distance flights and attempts on distance and endurance records.
Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening
Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening (2009) was a decision of the European Court of Justice concerning the interpretation of Directive 2001/29/EC on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright, and the conditions for exemption of temporary acts of reproduction. It established that (1) an act occurring during a data capture process is within the concept of reproduction in part within the meaning of Article 2 of Directive 2001/29, if the elements reproduced are the expression of the intellectual creation of their author, and (2) the act of printing out an extract of words during a data capture process does not fulfill the condition of being transient in nature as required by Article 5(1) of Directive 2001/29.

Harmonization (standards)
Harmonization is the process of minimizing redundant or conflicting standards which may have evolved independently. The name is also an analogy to the process to harmonizing discordant music.

Harmonization is different from standardization. Harmonization involves a reduction in variation of standards, while standardization entails moving towards the eradication of any variation with the adoption of a single standard. The goal for standard harmonization is to find commonalities, identify critical requirements that need to be retained, and provide a common framework for standards setting organizations (SSO) to adopt. In some instances, businesses come together forming alliances or coalitions, also referred to multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSI) with a belief that harmonization could reduce compliance costs and simplify the process of meeting requirements. With potential to reduce complexity for those tasked with testing and auditing standards for compliance.
Walton Summit
Walton Summit is an industrial area between Clayton Brook and Bamber Bridge, near Preston in Lancashire, England. It is in the South Ribble district. It is near the M61, M65 and M6 motorways and has a short length of single carriageway motorway from the M65/M61 roundabout. Walton Summit also includes the smaller area of Seed Lee.

Clayton Brook
Clayton Brook is a large residential estate in Lancashire, between the city of Preston and the town of Chorley. It forms part of the Clayton-le-Woods civil parish, and is in the Clayton-le-Woods North ward of the borough of Chorley.
I Gusti Bagus Jelantik
Gusti Bagus Djilantik (Balinese: ᬕᬸᬲ᭄ᬢᬶᬩᬕᬸᬲ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬚᬶᬮᬦ᭄ᬢᬶᬓ᭄, 1887–1966) was a raja of Karangasem Kingdom of Bali. He served under Dutch East Indies colonial rule. He built the Taman Ujung temple garden. He had the title Anak Agung Agung Anglurah K’tut Karangasem. The park was 400 hectares but was reduced by land reform programs to 10 hectares. The Kingdom's main palace of Puri Amlapura is  in Amlapura and dates to the 16th century Balinese prime minister Batan Jeruk.

Amlapura
Amlapura (Balinese: ᬅᬫ᭄ᬮᬧᬸᬭ; Indonesian pronunciation: [amlaˈpura]) formerly known as Kuta Negara Karangasem (Balinese: ᬓᬸᬢᬦᭂᬕᬭᬓᬭᬗᬲᭂᬫ᭄; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌkut̪a nəˌɡara karaˈŋasəm]) is a town and the regency seat of the Karangasem Regency, Bali, Indonesia. It was renamed in 1963 after the eruption of Mount Agung. The population of the town in 2010 was 37.308.
Fintail serpent eel
The fintail serpent eel (Neenchelys buitendijki, also known commonly as the spotted worm-eel in India) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Max Carl Wilhelm Weber and Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort in 1916. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the Indian Ocean, including Pakistan, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It inhabits burrows in soft sediments, and leads a nocturnal lifestyle. Males can reach a maximum total length of 30 centimetres.

The fintail serpent eel is of minor commercial interest to fisheries, and is primarily used for fishing bait.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Kryezi, Shkodër
Kryezi (Albanian: [kɾyɛˈzi]; Albanian definite form: Kryeziu) is a village in the former municipality of Qafë-Mali in Shkodër County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Fushë-Arrëz.

In 2018, it was chosen in the "100 Villages" project from the Albanian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

Fushë-Arrëz
Fushë-Arrëz (Albanian: [ˈfuʃə ˈarəz]; Albanian definite form: Fushë-Arrëzi) is a municipality and town in Shkodër County, northwestern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Blerim, Fierzë, Iballë, Qafë-Mali with Fushë-Arrëz constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate from the 2011 census, there were 2,513 people residing in Fushë-Arrëz and 7,405 in Fushë-Arrëz Municipality. The area of the municipality is 540.42 km2. The etymology of Fushë Arrëz from the Albanian language translates to in English as “Field of nutlets”.
British Rail Class 28
The British Rail Class 28 (Metro-Vick Type 2) diesel-electric locomotives, known variously as 'Metrovicks', 'Crossleys' or 'Co-Bos', were built under the Pilot Scheme for diesel locomotives as part of the British Railways 1955 Modernisation Plan.

These Crossley-engined locomotives were one of two designs built under the Pilot Scheme to use two-stroke diesel engines, the other being the Class 23 'Baby Deltic' locomotives.

The locomotives had a Co-Bo wheel arrangement (a 6-wheel bogie at one end, a 4-wheel bogie at the other) – unique in British Railways practice and uncommon in other countries, although Japan also used some C-B diesel hydraulics. The maximum tractive effort of 50,000 lbf (220 kN) was unusually high for a Type 2 locomotive but, as there were five (not four) driving axles, the risk of wheelslip was minimal.

Two-stroke diesel engine
A two-stroke diesel engine is a diesel engine that uses compression ignition in a two-stroke combustion cycle. It was invented by Hugo Güldner in 1899.

In compression ignition, air is first compressed and heated; fuel is then injected into the cylinder, causing it to self-ignite. This delivers a power stroke each time the piston rises and falls, without any need for the additional exhaust and induction strokes of the four-stroke cycle.
1937 Siamese general election
General elections were held in Siam on 7 November 1937 to elect 91 members of the 182-seat House of Representatives, with the other 91 appointed by King Ananda Mahidol. Unlike the 1933 elections, which had been carried out on an indirect basis, the 1937 elections were direct.

At the time there were no political parties, so all candidates ran as independents. Voter turnout was 40%.

Ananda Mahidol
Ananda Mahidol (20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946) was the eighth king of Siam (later Thailand) from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama VIII. At the time he was recognised as king by the National Assembly in March 1935, he went to Switzerland when he was nine years-old. He returned to Thailand in December 1945, but six months later, in June 1946, he was found shot dead in his bed. Although at first thought to have been an accident, his death was ruled a murder by medical examiners, and three royal aides were later executed following irregular trials. The mysterious circumstances surrounding his death have been the subject of much controversy.
Charles Harris (painter)
Charles Harris is a British painter, art instructor and teacher.

Harris is a British traditional artist who trained at the Royal Academy in London. He founded a movement called "New Traditional Art" and the Association Embracing Realist Art (AERA). He predominantly paints his landscapes en plein air and his portraits in front of his subjects.

Visual arts education
Visual arts education is the area of learning that is based upon the kind of art that one can see, visual arts—drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, and design in jewelry, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc. and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings. Contemporary topics include photography, video, film, design, and computer art. Art education may focus on students creating art, on learning to criticize or appreciate art, or some combination of the two.
PmWiki
PmWiki is a wiki-based content management system designed for a collaborative creation and maintenance of websites.

It is free software written in PHP, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

TV Tropes, a popular wiki focused on narrative devices, is based on a proprietary fork of PmWiki.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Paide Parish
Paide Parish (Estonian: Paide vald) was a rural municipality of Estonia, in Järva County. It had a population of 1935 (as of 2004) and an area of 300 km².

Nurmsi Airfield (ICAO: EENI) is located in the parish. During the Cold War, it hosted a front-line fighter air base "Koigi".

Nurmsi Airfield
Nurmsi Airfield (ICAO: EENI); (Estonian: Nurmsi lennuväli) (also given as Koigi) was a Soviet Naval Aviation reserve airfield in Estonia located 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Paide in Nurmsi.  It was a former attack deployment base and was listed on a 1974 U.S. Department of Defense Global Navigation Chart No. 3 as having jet facilities. At the end of the Cold War the airfield was converted into farmland. Very little of the airfield establishment remains today.
Saint-Maurice-lès-Châteauneuf
Saint-Maurice-lès-Châteauneuf (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ mɔʁis lɛ ʃɑtonœf]; literally "Saint-Maurice near Châteauneuf") is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Svetlogorsk (Russian: Светлого́рск [svʲɪtlɐˈɡorsk] ⓘ; German: Rauschen [ˈʁaʊ̯ʃən] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Raušiai) is a coastal resort town and the administrative center of Svetlogorsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the coast of the Baltic Sea on the Sambia Peninsula, 39 kilometers (24 mi) northwest of Kaliningrad. In the 2021 census, it had a population of: 16,099 (2021 census); .

Resort
A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that aims to provide most of a vacationer's needs. This includes food, drink, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort and the term resort may be used for a hotel that provides an array of entertainment and recreational activities.

Some resorts are also condominium complexes that offer timeshares or fractional ownership, in addition to wholly owned condominiums. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, this type became more common.

In British English, "resort" means a town which people visit for holidays and day trips, typically containing hotels where holidaymakers stay. Blackpool and Brighton in UK and Ayia Napa in Cyprus are examples of such places.
Langue sacrée, langue parlée
Langue sacrée, langue parlée (Hebrew: לשון קודש שפת חול, tr. Leshon Kodesh Sfat Chol, literally "Sacred Tongue, Profane Language") is a 2008 French independent underground experimental documentary art film directed by Nurith Aviv. It was released on DVD by Éditions Montparnasse, as part of a boxset, also including Misafa Lesafa (2004) and Traduire (2011).

Underground film
An underground film is a film that is out of the mainstream either in its style, genre or financing.

Notable examples include
John Waters' Pink Flamingos,
David Lynch's Eraserhead, 
Andy Warhol's Blue Movie,
Rosa von Praunheim's Tally Brown, New York,
Frank Henenlotter's Basket Case,
Nikos Nikolaidis' Singapore Sling, 
Rinse Dreams' Café Flesh, and
Jörg Buttgereit's Nekromantik.
USAT Warren
USAT Warren was the former Hamburg America Line liner Scandia, laid down as the Scandiinavia at AG Vulcan Stettin, launched on 24th Aug 1889. The liner was purchased by the U.S. Army Quartermaster Department 5 July 1898.  In March 1899 Scandia was renamed Warren for Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren. Serving the Army Transport Service as United States Army Transport (USAT) Warren the ship was assigned to the Philippine Inter-Island Service based in Manila as one of the interisland transports. Along with routine voyages transporting troops and supplies among the islands the ship made routine trips to China with the Chinese port of Chingwangtao a routine part of service. Warren underwent major overhaul and was "practically reconstructed" during fiscal year 1916 (1 July 1915—30 June 1916) including boiler replacement.

In 1912 Warren's signal was GWCD with radio call letters ATW.

United States Army Quartermaster Corps
The United States Army Quartermaster Corps, formerly the Quartermaster Department, is a sustainment and former combat service support (CSS) branch of the United States Army. It is also one of three U.S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Transportation Corps and the Ordnance Corps.

The U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps mission is to support the development, production, acquisition, and sustainment of general supply, Mortuary Affairs, subsistence, petroleum and water, and material and distribution management during peace and war to provide combat power to the U.S. Army. The officer in charge of the branch for doctrine, training, and professional development purposes is the Quartermaster General. The current Quartermaster General is Colonel Kevin W. Agness.
Zane Massey
Zane Wayne Massey (born 1957) is an American jazz saxophonist.

Massey was born in Philadelphia but raised in New York City. He is the son of Cal Massey and played in his father's band when he was young. He began his professional career in the 1970s, working with Earl Freeman, Carlos Garnett, and then Ronald Shannon Jackson, with whom he toured and recorded extensively until the late 1980s. He appeared with Sun Ra at the Chicago Jazz Festival in 1984 and also worked with Jemeel Moondoc around the same time. Starting in the mid-1980s, he began organizing bands for the Music Under New York project, including for a performance of Cal Massey's Liberation Suite. In the 1990s he performed with Roy Campbell and recorded under his own name for Delmark Records.

Earl Freeman
Earl Freeman (March 11, 1931 – July 25, 1994) was an American free jazz multi-instrumentalist, composer, poet, and artist best known for his work during the 1960s and 70s with Gong, Noah Howard, Sunny Murray, Archie Shepp, and Clifford Thornton.
Bailout at 43,000
Bailout at 43,000 is a 1957 American drama film directed by Francis D. Lyon and written by Paul Monash. The film stars John Payne, Karen Steele, Paul Kelly, Richard Eyer, Constance Ford and Eddie Firestone. The film was released on May 1, 1957, by United Artists.

It was the last film from Pine-Thomas Productions then known as Pine-Thomas-Shane.

Paul Kelly (actor)
Paul Michael Kelly (August 9, 1899 – November 6, 1956) was an American actor. His career survived a manslaughter conviction, tied to an affair he was having with the victim's wife, that caused him to spend time in prison in the late 1920s. In the course of his career, and relatively short life, it has been estimated that Kelly worked on stage, screen, and television in over four hundred roles.
Staring at the Sun (Anastacia song)
"Staring at the Sun" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Anastacia from her sixth studio album, Resurrection (2014). It was written by Louis Biancaniello, Marley Munroe and Sam Watters, and produced by Watters and Biancaniello. The song was digitally released by BMG Rights as the second single from the album on August 25, 2014.

Sam Watters
Samuel Joshua Watters (born July 23, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and record executive. Watters was a member of the multi-platinum selling 1990s R&B group Color Me Badd and co-authored many of their hits including "I Adore Mi Amor", and "All 4 Love". Watters has also written and produced songs for Grammy-winning and nominated artists such as American Idol winners Fantasia, Kelly Clarkson and Jordin Sparks, and other superstars such as Céline Dion, Whitney Houston, Leona Lewis, and Anastacia. Watters is a member of the production/songwriting team The Runaways including fellow hitmakers Rico Love, Wayne Wilkins, Ryan Tedder, and Louis Biancaniello.
Viet Cong Motivation and Morale Project
The Viet Cong Motivation and Morale Project was a series of studies done by the American research institute RAND from late 1964 through the end of 1968. The project interviewed Viet Cong prisoners and defectors with the intention of better understanding the motivating factors and assessing morale of the insurgency during the Vietnam War. Over the course of the study, 2,371 interviews took place and over 60,000 pages of information were produced. Interpretations of the study's findings were contested by people both involved and uninvolved in the project.

Defection
In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty.

This term is also applied, often pejoratively, to anyone who switches loyalty to another religion, sports team, political party, or other rival faction. In that sense, the defector is often considered a traitor by their original side.
Brisbane Koala Bushlands
The Brisbane Koala Bushlands are a series of protected areas in the south east corner of the Brisbane local government area in Queensland, Australia.  The area is intended to protect significant koala habitat.  The bushlands are part of the Koala Coast which covers a wider area that is home to thousands of koalas.  The bushlands were founded in 1992.

Funds from the Bushland Preservation Levy have permitted the purchase of properties.  Some of preserved land was donated.

The bushlands feature walking tracks, picnic areas, and an information hub.  The picnic area is shaded and has several tables, benches and BBQs. The entrance to the main picnic area is on Alperton Road, Burbank. Gates are locked between 6pm and 8am. Horse riding is permitted on certain trails.

The main weeds in Brisbane Koala Bushlands are lantana (Lantana camara), groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia) and exotic grasses.

One should never approach or touch a wild koala.

Baccharis halimifolia
Baccharis halimifolia is a North American species of shrubs in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Nova Scotia, the eastern and southern United States (from Massachusetts south to Florida and west to Texas and Oklahoma), eastern Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Quintana Roo), the Bahamas, and Cuba.

Widely used common names include eastern baccharis, groundsel bush, sea myrtle, and saltbush. Consumption weed, cotton-seed tree, groundsel tree, menguilié, and silverling are also used more locally.  In most of its range, where no other species of the genus occur, this plant is often simply called baccharis.