hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Resonant interaction
In nonlinear systems a resonant interaction is the interaction of three or more waves, usually but not always of small amplitude. Resonant interactions occur when a simple set of criteria coupling wave vectors and the dispersion equation are met. The simplicity of the criteria make technique popular in multiple fields. Its most prominent and well-developed forms appear in the study of gravity waves, but also finds numerous applications from astrophysics and biology to engineering and medicine. Theoretical work on partial differential equations provides insights into chaos theory; there are curious links to number theory. Resonant interactions allow waves to (elastically) scatter, diffuse or to become unstable. Diffusion processes are responsible for the eventual thermalization of most nonlinear systems; instabilities offer insight into high-dimensional chaos and turbulence.

Instability
In dynamical systems instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds.  Not all systems that are not stable are unstable; systems can also be marginally stable or exhibit limit cycle behavior.

In structural engineering, a structural beam or column can become unstable when excessive compressive load is applied. Beyond a certain threshold, structural deflections magnify stresses, which in turn increases deflections. This can take the form of buckling or crippling. The general field of study is called structural stability.

Atmospheric instability is a major component of all weather systems on Earth.
Željko Lelek
Željko Lelek (born 9 February 1962, Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina), a convicted Bosnian Serb war criminal who was the first individual indicted for the mass rape crimes that were a feature of the expulsion of the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) population of the town of Višegrad, as part of the strategic campaign of ethnic cleansing carried out in the Drina Valley in the early days of the Bosnian War.

Goražde
Goražde (Serbian Cyrillic: Горажде, pronounced [ɡǒraʒde]) is a town and the administrative centre of the Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of the Drina river. As of 2013, the town has a population of 20,897 inhabitants, while the urban centre has 11,806 inhabitants.
Four Deputies
The Four Deputies (Arabic: النواب الأربعة, al-Nuwāb al-Arbaʿa) were the four individuals who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE). They were also known as the Gates (Arabic: أبواب, romanized: abw'ab), the Sufaraʾ (Arabic: سفراء, lit. 'emissaries'), or the Wukalaʾ (Arabic: وكلاء, lit. 'agents').

Al-Radi
Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Muqtadir (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد (محمد) بن جعفر المقتدر, romanized: Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad (Muḥammad) ibn al-Muqtadir; 1 January 909 – 23 December 940), usually simply known by his regnal name al-Radi bi'llah (Arabic: الراضي بالله, romanized: al-Rāḍī bi'llāh, lit. 'Content with God'), was the twentieth Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from 934 to his death. He died on 23 December 940 at the age of 31. His reign marked the end of the caliph's political power and the rise of military strongmen, who competed for the title of amir al-umara.
Coming Home This Christmas
"Coming Home This Christmas" is a song by the American pop rock group Jonas Brothers featuring the American smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G. It was released through Hollywood and Republic Records as a single from their soundtrack album, A Very Jonas Christmas Movie, on November 3, 2025. The three band members, Nick, Joe, and Kevin Jonas, wrote the song with Kenny G and producers David Stewart and Luke Batt.

Smooth jazz
Smooth jazz is a commercially oriented style crossover jazz music. Although often described as a “genre,” it remains a debated and sometimes controversial topic among jazz musicians and critics. As a radio format, however, smooth jazz radio became the successor to easy listening music on radio station programming from the mid-1970s through the early 1990s.
Jesse Shanahan
Jesse Shanahan is an American disability activist and AI researcher born in 1991. She co-founded the American Astronomical Society's Working Group on Accessibility and Disability. She is also the chief technology officer of Another Round, an online personal training platform

American Astronomical Society
The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science, while the secondary purpose includes enhancing astronomy education and providing a political voice for its members through lobbying and grassroots activities. Its current mission is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe as a diverse and inclusive astronomical community.
San Juan Bautista de Corias
The Abbey of San Juan Bautista de Corias (Asturian: San Xuan Bautista de Courias) is a former Benedictine monastery in Corias in Cangas del Narcea (Asturias), Spain, on the right bank of the Narcea River, dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. Today it is a historic site of the province, informally known as "the Asturian Escorial" (el Escorial Asturiano), due to the burial there of King Bermudo I of Asturias (died 797) and his family.

Narcea (river)
The Narcea is a river in Asturias. It is a tributary of the Nalón River, starting about 5 km east of the parish of Monasterio de Hermo and meeting the Nalón near the municipality of Pravia. The river spans 123 km and is the second longest in Asturias, following only the Nalón itself. The river is host to multiple salmon preserves, and is additionally inhabited by the endangered Cantabrian brown bear.

In 842, the river was the site of the medieval battle between Nepotian and Ramiro I after the former had usurped the throne of Asturias. Nepotian and his army composed of Asturians and Basques ambushed Ramiro's army at the river; as a result of the ensuing battle, the defeated Nepotian was imprisoned and blinded, and Ramiro was crowned King of Asturias.
Gnaw
Gnaw is a New York City noise band founded in 2006 by Alan Dubin (of OLD, Khanate), Carter Thornton (of Enos Slaughter and others), Jun Mizumachi (a former live member of Ike Yard) and drummer Jamie Sykes (of Burning Witch). Guitarist/sound designer Brian Beatrice and drummer Eric Neuser later joined the group. The current lineup consists of Dubin, Thornton, Brian Beatrice, Dana Schechter (Insect Ark, Angels of Light, Swans), Robin Fowler (Pants Exploder, Drownyard), and Adam Morosky (Time Ghost). Founding member Mizumachi, while no longer touring, is still a contributing member.

Burning Witch
Burning Witch was an American doom/sludge metal band from Seattle, Washington, active between 1995 and 1998. Aside from EPs and split releases, the band released a compilation album called Crippled Lucifer, which had songs of their early EPs.
Marnie Breckenridge
Marnie Breckenridge (born September 24, 1982) is an American singer. She is a soprano performing opera, classical music, cross-over, operetta, and classical sacred music.

She graduated from Pacific Union College in Angwin, overlooking the Napa Valley, with a bachelor's degree in music in 1993. She went on to get a Master of Music degree from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music.

Celebrated for her roles in contemporary opera, she originated the role of Mother in David T. Little and Royce Vavrek's Dog Days in 2012.  In 2020, she was awarded the Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding Performance by an Individual in the operatic field for her performance as Jacqueline du Pré in Luna Pearl Woolf and Royce Vavrek's world premiere presentation of Jacqueline presented by Tapestry Opera.

Luna Pearl Woolf
Luna Pearl Woolf is a Canadian-American composer, producer, and dramaturg. Her oeuvre includes opera, chamber music, orchestra, and choral compositions including works for dramatic chamber music, silent film scores, and musical story-telling. Her works have been commissioned Carnegie Hall, Washington National Opera, Tapestry Opera, Minnesota Sinfonia, Salle Bourgie, ECM+, Perelman Performing Arts Center, Concours Musical International de Montréal, among others, with collaborations with artists including Jeremy Irons, Cornelia Funke, Joyce DiDonato, Frederica von Stade, Royce Vavrek, David Van Taylor, Matt Haimovitz, and Dame Evelyn Glennie amongst many others.

In 2014 she was an inaugural recipient of Opera America's first grant for female composers.
Mazlan Nordin
Mazlan Nordin (14 October 1925 – 22 March 2012) was a Malaysian journalist. He was a journalist at Utusan Melayu and Berita Harian; Editor-in-Chief and managing director of Utusan Melayu (1983–1987). Then first Chief Editor and chairman of the Malaysian National News Agency (BERNAMA) from February 1989 until 2003.

Mazlan Nordin was an Editorial Department Consultant at New Straits Times Press (M) Bhd (2000 – September 2001) and was a columnist in Mingguan Malaysia, The Sun, New Straits Times, Asiaweek magazine and Guest Writer at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).

New Straits Times Press
The New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) Berhad (officially abbreviated as NSTP) is a Malaysian newspaper publishing conglomerate, owned by Media Prima. The NSTP publishes several newspapers, including its namesake flagship newspaper as well as Berita Harian and Harian Metro.
Lindop
Lindop is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Audrey Erskine Lindop (1920–1986), English fiction writer

Fred Lindop (1938–2023), British rugby league referee

Grevel Lindop (born 1948), English poet

Hubert Lindop (1907–1982), English cricketer

Patricia Lindop (1930–2018), British professor of radiation biology

Fred Lindop
George Frederick Lindop MBE (20 July 1938 – January 2023) was a British rugby league referee. He refereed 22 test matches, including the World Cup final in 1970. He also refereed five Challenge Cup Finals.

Lindop was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1989 New Year Honours for services to rugby league, and was inducted to the Rugby Football League's Roll of Honour in 2009.

Lindop also established the University of Sheffield rugby league team in 1969 and coached them. He coached junior rugby league at the Eastmoor club in Wakefield and the Oulton Raiders club near Leeds.

His death was announced on 23 January 2023, at the age of 84.
State Highway 8 (New Zealand)
State Highway 8 is one of New Zealand's eight national highways. It forms an anticlockwise loop through the southern scenic regions of the Mackenzie Basin and Central Otago, starting and terminating in junctions with State Highway 1. Distances are measured from north to south.

For most of its length SH8 is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses directly off the road, both in rural and urban areas.

Otago gold rush
The Otago gold rush (often called the Central Otago gold rush) was a gold rush that occurred during the 1860s in Central Otago, New Zealand. This was the country's biggest gold strike, and led to a rapid influx of foreign miners to the area – many of them veterans of other hunts for the precious metal in California and Victoria, Australia. The number of miners reached its maximum of 18,000 in February 1864.

The rush started at Gabriel's Gully but spread throughout much of Central Otago, leading to the rapid expansion and commercialisation of the new colonial settlement of Dunedin, which quickly grew to be New Zealand's largest city. Only a few years later, most of the smaller new settlements were deserted, and gold extraction became more long-term, industrialised-mechanical process.
Udhaw Das Tarachand
Rao Bahadur Udhaw Das Tarachand (1870 – January 17, 1943) was an Indian businessman and philanthropist from Shikarpur, Sindh. He is known for establishing Rao Bahadur Udhaw Das Tara Chand Hospital in Shikarpur.

Shikarpur, Sindh
Shikarpur (Sindhi: شڪارپور; Śikārpūr) is a city and the capital of Shikarpur District in Sindh province of Pakistan. It is situated about 29 km west of the right bank of the Indus, with a railway station, 37 km north-west of Sukkur. It is the 42nd largest city of Pakistan by population according to the 2017 census.
Ljubica Jelušič
Ljubica Jelušič (born 16 June 1960 in Koper, FPR Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian politician. She is a lecturer in defense studies at the University of Ljubljana's Faculty of Social Sciences, served as Minister of Defence in the government of Borut Pahor (2008–2011), and is a former member of the National Assembly.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Bonnots Mill Historic District
Bonnots Mill Historic District is a national historic district located at Bonnots Mill, Osage County, Missouri.  It encompasses 98 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Bonnots Mill.  The district developed between about 1840 and 1942, and includes representative examples of Bungalow / American Craftsman and I-house architecture.  Located in the district is the separately listed Dauphine Hotel.  Other notable buildings include the Bonnots Mill School (1889), Henry Dieckriede House (c. 1885), Bonnots Mill United Methodist Church (1915), Bank of Bonnots Mill (1907), Bonnet's Mill Hotel / Krautman's Store (c. 1870), Meyer-Morfeld Milling Company (c. 1890), United States Post Office (c. 1910), St. Louis Parish Church and Rectory (1907), and St. Louis Parish School (c. 1916).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

I-house
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.

He chose the name "I-house" because the style was commonly built in the rural farm areas of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, all states beginning with the letter "I". But he was not implying that this house type originated in, or was restricted to, those three states. It is also referred to as Plantation Plain style.
Oath of Office (novel)
Oath of Office (stylized as Tom Clancy Oath of Office, Tom Clancy: Oath of Office, or Tom Clancy's Oath of Office in the United Kingdom) is a techno-thriller novel, written by Marc Cameron and published on November 27, 2018. It is his second book in the Jack Ryan series, which is part of the Ryanverse featuring characters created by Tom Clancy.

In the novel, President Ryan and The Campus deal with a sinister plot behind a series of protests in Iran, dubbed the Persian Spring. The book debuted at number eight on the New York Times bestseller list.

Techno-thriller
A techno-thriller or technothriller is a hybrid genre drawing from science fiction, thrillers, spy fiction, action, and war novels. They are defined by a thriller style of narrative structure, but supported by an exceptional amount of technical details on their subject matter (typically military technology). The inner workings of technology and the mechanics of various disciplines (espionage, martial arts, politics) are thoroughly explored, and the plot often turns on the particulars of that exploration. This genre began to be distinguished from its parent genres in the early 20th century, receiving further developments and focus in the mid 20th century.
Samuel Ikon
Samuel Okon Ikon listenⓘ (born 1 February 1973) is a Nigerian politician who represents Etinan, Nsit-Ibom and Nsit-Ubium in the Nigerian National Assembly. Between 2007 and 2011 he was the speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly.

Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly
The Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly is the state legislature of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria. It is located at Udoudoma Avenue, a business district. The Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly is currently under the People's Democratic Party which is the current party ruling Akwa Ibom State. There have been seven different houses of assemblies the very first one was inaugurated 2 October 1998. There are currently 26 members of the House of Assembly, representing one of the various local government areas in Akwa Ibom.

The present speaker of the House of Assembly is Rt.Hon. Udeme Otong, honorable member representing Abak  State Constituency,
the 8th assembly speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly Nigeria.

The current deputy Speaker is Rt. Hon. Kufreabasi Edidem, Hon. Member representing Itu State Constituency.
River Dun (Northern Ireland)
The River Dun, also known as the Glendun River (in Irish: Abhann Duinne, brown river) is a river in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It runs through Glendun, one of the nine Glens of Antrim. The river is named after its brown colour, which comes from the peat bogs at its source on the slopes of Slievenanee on the Antrim Plateau. The source of the river is a few hundred metres from that of the River Bush, which flows north-east to meet the sea at Bushmills.  Cushendun (Bun Abhann Duinne, "foot of the River Dun" in Irish – although the English name derives from Cois Abhann Duinne, "beside the River Dun") is a small coastal resort town lying at the mouth of the River Dun and Glendun.

Glens of Antrim
The Glens of Antrim (Irish: Glinnte Aontroma), known locally as simply The Glens, is a region of County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It comprises nine glens, that radiate from the Antrim Plateau to the coast. The Glens are an area of outstanding natural beauty and are a major tourist attraction in north Antrim.

The main towns and villages in the Glens are Ballycastle, Cushendun, Cushendall, Waterfoot, Carnlough and Glenarm.
Garrett Campbell
Garrett Campbell (born c. 1977) is an American college football coach. He was the head football coach for Illinois College from 2008 to 2015 and Fullerton College from 2019 to 2023. He also coached for Northern State, Willamette, Menlo, and Carthage. He played college football for Fullerton as a quarterback and wide receiver.

Fullerton College
Fullerton College (FC) is a public community college in Fullerton, California, United States. It is part of the California Community Colleges System and the North Orange County Community College District. Established in 1913, it is the oldest community college in continuous operation in California.
Chōkokan
The Chōkokan (徴古館, Chōkokan) opened in Saga, Saga Prefecture, Japan, in 1927. Founded by Nabeshima Naomitsu (鍋島直映), son of Nabeshima Naohiro of the Nabeshima clan, the last daimyō of Saga Domain in Hizen Province, the collection comprises historical materials and artworks relating to the Saga Domain and the Nabeshima family. The museum closed in 1945 but was reopened by the Nabeshima Hōkokai Foundation (鍋島報效会) in 1998. The museum building itself is a Registered Tangible Cultural Property dating from 1927. The collection includes the oldest extant Saibara score, a National Treasure.

Saibara
Saibara (催馬楽) is a genre of accompanied vocal Japanese court music that existed during the Heian period in the Nara and Kyoto regions. It draws from traditional folk music (fūzokuuta (風俗歌)) of the Nara period and is accompanied by togaku instruments, with the exception of the uchimono (打物; 'percussion instruments'), which are replaced by shakubyoshi (笏拍子), wooden sticks used for keeping rhythm.
Kosovo Museum
The Kosovo Museum (Albanian: Muzeu i Kosovës; Serbian: Музеј Косова / Muzej Kosova) is the national museum of Kosovo, located in the city of Pristina. Established by Yugoslav authorities in 1949, this is the largest museum in Kosovo. It is situated in a 1889 Austro-Hungarian-style building, formerly used as the high military command headquarters.

The museum is the earliest institution of cultural heritage in Kosovo, established with the goal of preserving, restoration-conservation and presentation of movable heritage on the territory. It is situated in a special facility, from an architectural point of view but also because of its location since it is situated at the old nucleus of the city centre.

Lapidarium
A lapidarium is a place where stone (Latin: lapis) monuments and fragments of archaeological interest are exhibited.

They can include stone epigraphs; statues; architectural elements such as columns, cornices, and acroterions; bas reliefs, tombstones; and sarcophagi.

Such collections are often displayed in the outdoor courtyards of archaeology museums and history museums.

A lapidary museum could either be a lapidarium or – less often – a gem museum (e.g. the Mineral and Lapidary Museum, North Carolina).
Auckland Central City Library
The Auckland Central City Library (Māori: Tāmaki Pātaka Kōrero) is a public library located in the Auckland City Centre, New Zealand. The facility is the main branch of Auckland Libraries. The successor to the former central city library that was housed in the modern-day Auckland Art Gallery building, it was opened in 1971.

Auckland City Council
Auckland City Council was the local government authority for Auckland City, New Zealand, from 1989 to 1 November 2010, when it and Auckland's six other city and district councils were amalgamated to form the Auckland Council. It was an elected body representing the 404,658 residents (2006 census) of the city, which included some of the Hauraki Gulf islands, such as Waiheke Island and Great Barrier Island. It was chaired by the Mayor of Auckland City.
Kimpton, Hertfordshire
Kimpton is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies  6 miles (10 km) south of Hitchin, its post town, 7 miles (11 km) north of St Albans and 4 miles (6 km) from both Harpenden and Luton. As well as the village itself, the parish also contains the hamlets of Peters Green and Blackmore End and surrounding rural areas. The population of the parish was 2,261 at the 2021 census.

Post town
A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system. Including the correct post town in the address increases the chance of a letter or parcel being delivered on time. Post towns in general originated as the location of delivery offices. As of 2004, their main function is to distinguish between localities or street names in addresses not including a postcode.