hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minarets and Western Railway
The Minarets and Western Railway (reporting mark M&W) was a Class II common carrier that operated in Fresno County, California, from 1921 to 1933.  The railway was owned by the Sugar Pine Lumber Company and was built the same year the lumber company was incorporated so that it could haul timber from the forest near Minarets (northeast of Friant) to its sawmill at Pinedale (near Fresno).  The southern portion of the line was operated with joint trackage rights with Southern Pacific.

During the Great Depression, in 1933 the lumber company went bankrupt.  The track north of Friant was abandoned and the Pinedale Branch was bought by Southern Pacific, where it was later known as the Pinedale Spur of the Clovis Branch.  Southern Pacific later sold the spur and Clovis Branch to the San Joaquin Valley Railroad (SJVR).  SJVR abandoned the line in the 1990s and today the Pinedale Spur is preserved as the Fresno-Clovis Rail Trail.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
Árpád Weisz
Árpád Weisz (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈaːrpaːd ˈvɛis]; also spelt Veisz; 16 April 1896 – 31 January 1944) was a Hungarian footballer and manager. Weisz was Jewish and was murdered with his wife and children by the Nazis during the Holocaust in World War II at Auschwitz.

US Alessandria Calcio 1912
Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912, commonly referred to as Alessandria, is an Italian football club based in Alessandria, Piedmont. It currently plays in Eccellenza, the fifth tier of Italian football.
Henry Newman (political adviser)
Henry Newman is a British political adviser. He has served as Chief of Staff to the Leader of the Opposition, Kemi Badenoch, since July 2025. Previously he has served as a senior adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Michael Gove and Francis Maude. He also served as a councillor on Camden London Borough Council.

Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically seen as an alternative prime minister (or other similar office, such as premier, minister-president, first minister, or chief minister) to the incumbent; in the Westminster system, they head a rival alternative government known as the shadow cabinet or opposition front bench. The same term is also used to refer to the leader of the largest political party that is not in government in subnational state, provincial, and other regional and local legislatures.

The full title for the Leader of the Opposition is the Leader of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition in the United Kingdom and in many Commonwealth realms.
1980–81 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 15th World Cup season began in December 1980 in France and concluded in March 1981 in Switzerland.  Phil Mahre became the first American to win an overall title, the first of his three consecutive overall titles.
Marie-Theres Nadig of Switzerland won the women's overall title.

Six-time ladies overall champion Annemarie Moser-Pröll of Austria, who first competed on the World Cup tour in 1969 at age 16, and four-time men's overall champion Gustav Thöni of Italy, who first competed on the World Cup tour in 1970 at age 18, both retired at the end of the 1980 season. After winning the overall title this year, Nadig, who had joined the tour in 1971, also retired.  In part to stop this exodus of talent, the International Ski Federation decided to offer a new kind of license to its athletes, called a "B license", which permitted holders to receive sponsorship payments directly (instead of through their federation) but still retain their World Cup eligibility.

Annemarie Moser-Pröll
Annemarie Moser-Pröll (born 27 March 1953) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria.  Born in Kleinarl, Salzburg, she was the most successful female alpine ski racer during the 1970s, with an all-time women's record of six overall titles, including five consecutively. She had most success in downhill, giant slalom and combined races. In 1980, her last year as a competitor, she secured her third Olympic medal (and first gold) at Lake Placid and won five World Cup races. Her younger sister Cornelia Pröll is also a former alpine Olympian.
The Jerusalem Report
The Jerusalem Report is a fortnightly print and online news magazine that covers political, military, economic, religious and cultural issues in Israel, the Middle East, and the Jewish world.

Founded as an independent weekly publication in 1990, it now publishes 24 issues a year under the corporate umbrella of The Jerusalem Post Group, but remains editorially independent of The Jerusalem Post. The magazine features interviews with prominent personalities and in-depth news coverage, features and analyses, viewpoints and commentaries, book reviews and a backpage cartoon. In addition to the print edition, which has an international circulation of 50,000, The Jerusalem Report is published online on https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report.

American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as Joint or JDC, is a Jewish relief organization based in New York City. The organisation has supported Jewish people living in Israel and throughout the world since 1914, and is active in more than 70 countries.

The JDC offers aid to Jewish populations in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the Middle East, through a network of social and community assistance programs. In addition, the JDC contributes millions of dollars in disaster relief and development assistance to non-Jewish communities.
German submarine U-173
German submarine U-173 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1013, launched on 11 August 1941 and commissioned on 15 November with Fregattenkapitän Heinz-Ehler Beucke in command.

U-173 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She was reassigned to the 2nd flotilla for operations on 1 July 1942.

2nd U-boat Flotilla
The 2nd U-boat Flotilla (German 2. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as the Saltzwedel Flotilla, was the second operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 1 September 1936 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Werner Scheer, it was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Reinhold Saltzwedel. Saltzwedel, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 2 December 1917, when his submarine UB-81 was sunk by a mine in the English Channel.

The flotilla was based in Kiel for the first few weeks after its formation, but was later moved to Wilhelmshaven, where it remained until May 1940. In June 1940, the flotilla was moved to Lorient in France until it was disbanded in August 1944.
Alfred Clark (director)
Alfred Clark (December 19, 1873 – June 16, 1950) was a pioneer of music recording and cinema. As a cameraman and director of productions at Edison's first studio, he was the first to make moving pictures with innovations like continuity, plot, trained actors and special effects. In 1896, he joined Emile Berliner's Gramophone Company and then went to Europe where he became an important manager of companies like His Master's Voice and EMI. He was naturalized as a British citizen in 1928 and became a leading member of the Oriental Ceramic Society in London, establishing a valuable collection including rare pieces which had been made for the emperors of the Tang and Song dynasty.

In 1921 he married Ivy Sanders, who survived him and died in 1973.

Gramophone Company
The Gramophone Company Limited was a British phonograph manufacturer and record label, founded in April 1898 by Emil Berliner. It was one of the earliest record labels.

The company purchased the His Master's Voice painting and trademark rights in 1899, using its artwork and creating the His Master's Voice sub-label for its phonographs and releases in 1909, replacing its previous "Recording Angel" trademark. The company had an affiliation with the American Victor Talking Machine Company, who also began using the artwork.

In 1931, The Gramophone Company partnered with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form Electric and Musical Industries Limited (EMI). The Gramophone Company continued as one of EMI's music labels until 1973, when its legal entity was renamed to EMI Records Limited. The His Master's Voice label continued until 1993, when it was replaced by EMI Classics.
2006 Trail Appliances Autumn Gold Curling Classic
The 2006 Trail Appliances Autumn Gold Curling Classic was the 29th annual edition of the event. It marked the first Grand Slam event of the Women's World Curling Tour. It was also the first ever women's Grand Slam event to be held, as it was the first season for the women's Grand Slam. It joined the Wayden Transportation Classic, the Casinos of Winnipeg Classic and the Players' Championship as the four women's Slams of the 2006–07 curling season. The event was held October 6-9 at the Calgary Curling Club in Calgary, Alberta. The total purse for the event was $51,000 with $14,000 going to the winning team of Kelly Scott, Jeanna Schraeder, Sasha Carter and Renee Simons. The defending Canadian champion Scott rink beat Crystal Webster's rink, 8–5 in the final. This snapped a six-game winning steak for Team Webster, who lost the game after giving up steals of two and three in the seventh and eighth ends, respectively. With the loss, Webster's team took home $11,000.

Canad Inns Women's Classic
The Canad Inns Women's Classic is an event on the women's World Curling Tour. It is held at the Portage Curling Club in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.

The event was formerly the second Grand Slam event of the season on the women's World Curling Tour. It was formerly held in October at the Fort Rouge Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It became a Grand Slam event in 2006, but was removed from the Grand Slam after the 2013–14 curling season. Since 2009, the total prize money to be given out has been $60,000. The event was also known as the "Casinos of Winnipeg Women's Curling Classic" before 2009 and the "Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic" from 2009 to 2012.
Denmark men's national under-18 ice hockey team
The Denmark men's national under-18 ice hockey team is the men's national under-18 ice hockey team of Denmark. The team is controlled by the Danish Ice Hockey Union, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The team represents Denmark at the IIHF World U18 Championships.

IIHF World U18 Championship
The IIHF U18 World Championship is an annual event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation for national under-18 ice hockey teams from around the world. The tournament is usually played in April and is organized according to a system similar to the Ice Hockey World Championships and the IIHF World Junior Championship. The tournament was first held in 1999.
Nasi lemuni
Nasi lemuni (Jawi: ناسي لموني) is a rice dish originating from the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The dish is prepared with a herb, Vitex trifolia, locally known as lemuni.

Nasi lemuni is consumed in the same manner as the nasi lemak, complemented with  sides and condiments such as sambal, ayam goreng, dried anchovies, cucumber slices and hard boiled egg. It is commonly eaten during breakfast and lunch.

Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the flavor, to complement the dish, or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce; those added before serving, such as mayonnaise in a sandwich; and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients.
Hobnob biscuit
Hobnobs (sometimes stylized as HobNobs) is a biscuit brand owned by British company McVitie's. They are made from rolled oats and are similar to a flapjack-digestive biscuit hybrid. McVitie's launched Hobnobs in 1985 and a milk chocolate variant in 1987.
They are primarily sold in the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and Ireland but are available in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and several European and Asian countries (e.g. Taiwan, China, and Hong Kong). In Italy they are now marketed as a variety of digestive biscuits, having previously been known as Suncrok. They were also released in Canada in November 2012, made available in Wal-Mart's British modular section in their food aisles. The McVitie's Hobnob is the third-most-popular biscuit in the UK to "dunk" into tea, with its chocolate variant sixth. In 2014 a UK survey declared the Chocolate Hobnob the nation's favourite biscuit.

Types of chocolate
Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cocoa beans mixed with fat (e.g. cocoa butter) and powdered sugar to produce a solid confectionery. There are several types of chocolate, classified primarily according to the proportion of cocoa and fat content used in a particular formulation.
Aidan Gomez
Aidan Gomez is a British-Canadian computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence, with a focus on natural language processing. He is the co-founder and CEO of the technology company Cohere.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Rajesh Puri
Rajesh Puri is an Indian television actor. He acted in comedy serials like Yeh Duniya Gazab Ki. Rajesh  also acted in a DD1 serial Aamrapali (TV serial) in 2002. He is also identified as Lalit Prasad (a.k.a. Lalloo) of Hum Log, the Television series of the 1980s.  He is seen in mostly comedy shows like Hi Zindagi Bye Zindagi (Zee TV), One Two Ka Four (Zee TV), Ek Se Badkar Ek (DD National) and Fantush (DD Metro). In 2019, he played Sunil Bansal in Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki on Colors TV and movie Zindagi Tumse (2019).

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
Greg Grossman
Greg Grossman is an American chef and entrepreneur. He is the President and Founder of Kettlebell Kitchen, a meal delivery service.

At 13, Grossman was a sous chef at the Alinea restaurant. He attended New York University but dropped out to run his business.  He was 21 when he bought Oreya and was their executive chef.

Prior to founding Kettlebell Kitchen and VYNElife, Grossman's company Culinaria Group developed and launched the food service at the V Hotel in Palm Springs, California, and operated the Beautique Southampton restaurant in Southampton, New York, as well as several fast casual restaurant chains in New York City.

Chef de cuisine
A chef de cuisine (French pronunciation: [ʃɛf.də.kɥi.zin], French for head of kitchen) also called CDC or head chef, is a chef who leads a kitchen and its cooks. A chef patron (feminine form chef patronne) (French for boss chef) or executive chef is a chef that manages multiple kitchens and their staff.
Allegro Development Corporation
Allegro Development Corporation is a maker of commodity management software for power and gas utilities, industrial energy consumers, refiners, producers and traders of crude oil and producers and traders of oil products and soft and agricultural commodities.

Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, Allegro has offices in Calgary, Dubai, Houston, London, Singapore, Zurich and Jakarta along with a global network of partners.

Soft commodity
Soft commodities, or softs, are commodities such as coffee, cocoa, sugar, corn, wheat, soybean, fruit and livestock. The term generally refers to commodities that are grown, rather than mined; the latter (such as oil, copper and gold) are known as hard commodities.

Soft commodities play a major part in the futures market. They are used by farmers wishing to lock-in the future prices of their crops, by commercial purchasers of the products, and by speculative investors seeking a profit. The adjective "soft" is occasionally only applied to products that are classified as largely tropical, such coffee, chocolate, sugar, cotton, and orange juice.

Soft commodities have been known to adopt a backwardation trend until the late 1990s when futures were actively traded. Speculation and investment requirements later shaped the common contango trend.
Vishvakarma Puja
Vishvakarma Puja (Sanskrit: विश्वकर्मापूजा, romanized: Viśvakarmāpūjā), is a Hindu observance dedicated to Vishvakarma, the architect of the gods.

It falls on the date of Kanya Sankranti of the Hindu calendar. It is generally celebrated every year between 16 and 18 September, according to the Gregorian calendar, the last few days of the Hindu Bhadra month. The festival is also celebrated in Nepal. Vishvakarma Puja is also celebrated a day after Diwali, along with Govardhan Puja in October–November.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Panicum mosaic satellite virus
Panicum mosaic satellite virus (SPMV) is a plant satellite virus. It is the sole species in the genus Papanivirus, which is the sole genus in the family Pamosaviridae. It only infects grasses which are infected by Panicum mosaic virus.  One study found that 72% of Stenotaphrum secundatum (St Augustine grass) infected with Panicum mosaic virus was also infected with SPMV.  In addition to SPMV, many plants infected with panicum mosaic virus are also infected with satellite RNAs.

St. Augustine grass
St. Augustine grass  (Stenotaphrum secundatum), also known as buffalo turf in Australia and buffalo grass in South Africa, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is a warm-season lawn grass that is popular for cultivation in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a medium- to high-maintenance grass that forms a thick, carpetlike sod, crowding out most weeds and other grasses.
Jørgine Boomer
Jørgine Slettede Boomer (August 18, 1887 – May 7, 1971) was a Norwegian-American businesswoman and entrepreneur, noted for her rags-to-riches story as a poor immigrant who became the co-owner and manager of one of the world's largest luxury hotels, the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.

Norwegian Americans
Norwegian Americans (Norwegian: Norskamerikanere/Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway.  Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than 4.5 million Norwegian Americans, according to the 2021 U.S. census; most live in the Upper Midwest and on the West Coast of the United States.
Tom Dickinson (American football)
Thomas Passmore Dickinson (July 20, 1897 – October 29, 1999) was an American football player, United States Army officer, and lawyer. He played professionally for three games as an end for the Detroit Heralds of the American Professional Football Association (APFA) — now known as the National Football League (NFL) — during their 1920 season. He was an alumnus of Syracuse University and enlisted to fight World War I although he never made it overseas. He later served in World War II and the Korean War, retiring from the armed forces as a lieutenant colonel in 1955.

Dickinson was born Detroit, and graduated from the Detroit College of Law — now known as the Michigan State University College of Law. He admitted to practice law in 1928, focusing on real estate and corporate law. He died at the age of 102, on October 29, 1999, at the Meadow Wood Care Center in Georgetown, Ohio.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Tracks Across Borders Scenic and Historic Byway
The Tracks Across Borders Scenic and Historic Byway is an 89-mile (143 km) Colorado Scenic and Historic Byway located in La Plata and Archuleta counties, Colorado, USA. From Durango, Colorado, the southern terminal of the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, a National Historic Landmark, the byway follows the roadbed of the historic narrow-gauge Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad through the Southern Ute Indian Reservation to the New Mexico state line.  At the state line, the byway connects with the 9.9-mile (16 km) Narrow-Gauge Scenic Byway which continues on through the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation to Dulce, New Mexico. New Mexico plans to continue the byway on to Chama, New Mexico, the southern terminal of the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad, another National Historic Landmark, reconnecting the historic railway between Antonito, Colorado and Silverton, Colorado.

The byway connects to the San Juan Skyway Scenic and Historic Byway at Durango.

La Plata County, Colorado
La Plata County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 55,638. The county seat is Durango. The county was named for the La Plata River and the La Plata Mountains.  "La plata" means "the silver" in Spanish. La Plata County comprises the Durango, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county is home to Durango Rock Shelters Archeology Site, the type site for the Basketmaker II period of Anasazi culture.