hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dunaiv
Dunaiv (Ukrainian: Дуна́їв) is a village in  Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Local government is administered by Dunaivska village council. It belongs to Peremyshliany urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Area of the village totals is 2.84 km2 and the population of village is 683 persons.

Lviv Raion
Lviv Raion (Ukrainian: Львівський район) is a raion (district) of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It was created on 18 July 2020 as part of Ukraine's administrative reform. The center of the region is the city of Lviv. The raion was formed by merging four abolished raions, Horodok, Peremyshliany, Pustomyty, and Zhovkva Raions, as well as Lviv Municipality and parts of Kamianka-Buzka and Zolochiv Raions. Population: 1,141,119 (2022 estimate).
Stars in astrology
In astrology, certain stars are considered significant.  Historically, all of the various heavenly bodies considered by astrologers were considered "stars", whether they were stars, planets, other stellar phenomena like novas and supernovas, or other solar system phenomena like comets and meteors.

Algol
Algol /ˈælɡɒl/, designated Beta Persei (β Persei, abbreviated Beta Per, β Per), known colloquially as the Demon Star, is a bright multiple star in the constellation of Perseus and one of the first non-nova variable stars to be discovered.

Algol is a three-star system, consisting of Beta Persei Aa1, Aa2, and Ab – in which the hot luminous primary β Persei Aa1 and the larger, but cooler and fainter, β Persei Aa2 regularly pass in front of each other, causing eclipses. Thus Algol's magnitude is usually near-constant at 2.1, but regularly dips to 3.4 every 2.86 days during the roughly 10-hour-long partial eclipses. The secondary eclipse when the brighter primary star occults the fainter secondary is very shallow and can only be detected photoelectrically.

Algol gives its name to its class of eclipsing variable, known as Algol variables.
John L. Bascom
John Luman Bascom (November 6, 1860 – January 1, 1950) was born in Farmersburg, Iowa, the son of John Sanburn Bascom and Phoebe Spencer.  He was an Iowan lawyer and politician.  A member of the Republican Party, he was elected three times to the Iowa House of Representatives, representing the Dickinson County district (House District 97) and serving from January 8, 1907, to January 12, 1913.  He was educated at the Northern Indiana Normal School (now Valparaiso University) in Valparaiso, Indiana, studying science and law.  He was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1888 and worked in law and real estate.  He married Winifred Yorker in 1904, from which union produced four children, three daughters and one son.  Bascom is buried at the Okoboji Cemetery in Arnolds Park, Iowa.

Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University (Valpo) is a private university in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. It is an independent Lutheran university with five colleges. It enrolls nearly 2,300 students and has a 350-acre (140 ha) campus.

The university is known for its Lutheran Christian heritage and has one of the largest chapels on a U.S. college campus. In 2025, it accepted 89% of applicants for enrollment.
Kenneth Whiting
Kenneth Whiting (July 22, 1881 – April 24, 1943) was a United States Navy officer who was a pioneer in submarines and is best known for his lengthy career as a pioneering naval aviator. During World War I, he commanded the first American military force to arrive in Europe for combat. After the war, he was instrumental in development of the aircraft carrier in the United States, where he sometimes is known as the U.S. Navy's "father of the aircraft carrier". He was involved in some way in the design or construction of five of the first six U.S. Navy aircraft carriers, and served as acting commanding officer of the first carrier to enter U.S. Navy service and as executive officer of the first two American carriers. In the earliest days of the U.S. Navy's development of an aircraft carrier force, he led many shipboard innovations still in use aboard carriers today.

Battle Fleet
The United States Battle Fleet or Battle Force was part of the organization of the United States Navy from 1922 to 1941. It served as the Pacific fleet and included most of the Navy, including its most modern ships and all of its aircraft carriers.
Formula Abarth
Formula Abarth was an open wheel racing series based in Italy and Europe aimed at karting graduates. The inaugural season was in 2010, effectively replacing the Formula Azzurra.

Abarth has taken over the supporting Project Youth initiative, starting in 2005.

After the success of 2010 season, in which competed international drivers and teams, a new European series has been created with a prize offered in collaboration with Ferrari Driver Academy.

Following a restructure of the FIA single-seater ladder, Formula Abarth was renamed the Italian Formula 4 Championship, retaining the Abarth engines.

Kart racing
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports. Most modern Formula One drivers, including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen, have begun their racing careers in karting. NASCAR Cup driver Connor Zilisch also got his start in karting.

Karts vary widely in speed, and some (known as superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph), while recreational go-karts intended for the general public may be limited to lower speeds.
Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion
The Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program and the preceding Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft (NEPA) project worked to develop a nuclear propulsion system for aircraft. The United States Army Air Forces initiated Project NEPA on May 28, 1946. NEPA operated until May 1951, when the project was transferred to the joint Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)/USAF ANP. The USAF pursued two different systems for nuclear-powered jet engines, the Direct Air Cycle concept, which was developed by General Electric, and Indirect Air Cycle, which was assigned to Pratt & Whitney.  The program was intended to develop and test the Convair X-6, but was canceled in 1961 before that aircraft was built. The total cost of the program from 1946 to 1961 was about $1 billion.

Neutron moderator
In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, ideally without capturing any, leaving them as thermal neutrons with only minimal (thermal) kinetic energy. These thermal neutrons are immensely more susceptible than fast neutrons to propagate a nuclear chain reaction of uranium-235 or other fissile isotope by colliding with their atomic nucleus.

Water (sometimes called "light water" in this context) is the most commonly used moderator (roughly 75% of the world's reactors). Solid graphite (20% of reactors) and heavy water (5% of reactors) are the main alternatives. Beryllium has also been used in some experimental types, and hydrocarbons have been suggested as another possibility.
Psychotria hombroniana
Psychotria hombroniana (Chamorro: aplokating palaon; Chuukese: chimei; Palauan: demedemegur; Pohnpeian: kampaniel) is shrub or tree in the family Rubiaceae that is endemic to the Caroline and Mariana Islands in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the central and eastern parts of the group, and Palau at the extreme western end. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines, because they were part of the Spanish East Indies and were governed from Manila in the Philippines.

The Carolines are scattered across a distance of approximately 3,540 kilometres (2,200 mi; 1,910 nmi), from the westernmost island, Tobi, in Palau, to the easternmost island, Kosrae, a state of the FSM.
Havilah
Havilah (Biblical Hebrew: חֲוִילָה, romanized: Ḥăwīlā) refers to both a land and people in several books of the Bible; one is mentioned in Genesis 2:10–11, while the other is mentioned in the Generations of Noah (Genesis 10:7).

In Genesis 2:10–11, Havilah is associated with the Garden of Eden. Two individuals named Havilah are listed in the Table of Nations as descendants of Noah. The name also appears in Genesis 25:18, defining the territory of the Ishmaelites. Extrabiblical literature mentions Havilah as the source of precious jewels used by the Amorites.

The exact location of Havilah is debated, with various scholars suggesting southwest of the Arabian Peninsula or northern Somalia.

Toledot
Toledot, Toldot, Toldos, or Toldoth (תּוֹלְדֹת‎—Hebrew for "generations" or "descendants," the second word and the first distinctive word in the parashah) is the sixth weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading. The parashah tells of the conflict between Jacob and Esau, Isaac's passing off his wife Rebekah as his sister, and Isaac's blessing of his sons.

It constitutes Genesis 25:19–28:9. The parashah is made up of 5,426 Hebrew letters, 1,432 Hebrew words, 106 verses, and 173 lines in a Torah Scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). Jews read it the sixth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in November, or rarely in early December.
Hof (surname)
Hof is a Dutch  and German toponymic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Catherine Hof Blinks (1903–1995), American botanist

Bennie Hofs (1946–2017), Dutch footballer

Dennis Hof (1946–2018), American brothel owner in Nevada

Erich Hof (1936–1995), Austrian footballer and coach

Heinz Hof (born 1944), pseudonym of Werner Janssen, Dutch/German philosopher and poet

Jennifer Hof (born 1991), German fashion model

Marjolijn Hof (born 1956), Dutch writer

Mark-Peter Hof (born 1990), Dutch basketball player

Norbert Hof (1944–2020), Austrian retired footballer

Samuel Hof (1870–1937), US Army major general

Wim Hof (born 1959), Dutch daredevil nicknamed "the Iceman" for his resistance to extreme cold

Wim Hof
Wim Hof (pronounced [ʋɪm ˈɦɔf]; born 20 April 1959), also known as The Iceman, is a Dutch motivational speaker and extreme athlete noted for his ability to withstand low temperatures.

He previously held a Guinness World Record for swimming under ice and prolonged full-body contact with ice, and he holds a record for a barefoot half marathon on ice and snow. He attributes these feats to his Wim Hof Method (WHM), a combination of frequent cold exposure, breathing techniques and meditation. Hof's method has been the subject of several scientific studies, with mixed results.
Książ Landscape Park
Książ Landscape Park (Książański Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in south-western Poland, established in 1981, covering an area of 31.55 square kilometres (12.18 sq mi). It takes its name from the historic castle of Książ, which overlooks the Pełcznica River.

The Park lies within Lower Silesian Voivodeship: in Świdnica County (Gmina Dobromierz, Świebodzice, Gmina Świdnica) and Wałbrzych County (Gmina Stare Bogaczowice).

Within the Landscape Park are two nature reserves.

Świdnica County
Świdnica County (Polish: powiat świdnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 742.9 square kilometres (286.8 sq mi). Its administrative seat is Świdnica, and it also contains the towns of Świebodzice, Strzegom, Jaworzyna Śląska and Żarów.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 157,178. The most populated towns are Świdnica with 57,041 inhabitants, Świebodzice with 22,793 inhabitants, and Strzegom with 16,106 inhabitants.
Calspan
Calspan Corporation is a science and technology company founded in 1943 as part of the Research Laboratory of the Curtiss-Wright Airplane Division at Buffalo, New York. Calspan consists of four primary operating units: Flight Research, Transportation Research, Aerospace Sciences Transonic Wind Tunnel, and Crash Investigations. The company's main facility is in Cheektowaga, New York, while it has other facilities such as the Flight Research Center in Niagara Falls, New York, and remote flight test operations at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and Patuxent River, Maryland. Calspan also has thirteen field offices throughout the Eastern United States which perform accident investigations on behalf of the United States Department of Transportation. Calspan was acquired by TransDigm Group in 2023.

Patuxent River
The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland.  There are three main river drainages for central Maryland:  the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two.  The 908-square-mile (2,352 km2) Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state.
American China Development Company
The American China Development Company was a company that aimed to gain railway, mining, and other industrial concessions in China. Led by former Ohio senator and railway lawyer, Calvin Brice , the company was incorporated in December 1895. Early stockholders included many well-known American businessmen, including Charles Coster of J.P. Morgan & Company, the Carnegie Steel Company, the presidents of the National City Bank of New York, and the Chase National Bank. The company played an important role in American involvement in China and in the Open Door Policy during the “battle of concessions” at the turn of the century.

Calvin S. Brice
Calvin Stewart Brice (September 17, 1845 – December 15, 1898) was an American businessman and Democratic politician from Ohio. He is best remembered for his single term in the United States Senate, his role as chairman of the Democratic National Committee, and his formative role in the American rail industry. He was a leading Bourbon Democrat.
1971 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 1971 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (officially the Primeiro Campeonato Nacional de Clubes, "First National Championship of Clubs") was the 16th edition of the Brazilian Championship. However, from 1976 until 2010 (when CBF unified the Brazilian titles prior to 1971, considering the 1959 Taça Brasil as the first edition of the championship) this tournament was considered by the highest entity of national football as the first edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. The competition was won by Atlético Mineiro, thus winning its second Brazilian title.

While the tournament represented the top tier of Brazilian football, its name was "Division Extra", with "First Division" instead used by the second-tier tournament (since known as Campeonato Brasileiro Série B).

Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série B (commonly referred to as the Brasileirão Série B, the Série B or the Brazilian Série B to distinguish it from the Italian Serie B), and currently officially called Brasileirão Série B Superbet for sponsorship reasons) is the second tier of the Brazilian football league system, which is organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation.

The competition was played for the first time in 1971, and for a long time, the competition format was inconsistent, with changes happening frequently. Also, there were years where the competition was not played at all.

Since 2006 it has been contested by 20 teams in a double round-robin format with 38 matches, with the top four teams being promoted to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A group and the bottom four teams being relegated to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.
Government of Belize
His Majesty's Government in Belize, also referred to as the Belizean Government is the democratic administrative authority of Belize, a constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary democracy. It was formed in 1981 after gaining sovereignty from the United Kingdom. The constitution is the supreme law of Belize.

Belize City
Belize City is the largest city in Belize. It was once the capital of the former British Honduras. According to the 2022 census, Belize City has a population of 63,999 people. It is at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, which is a distributary of the Belize River. The Belize River empties into the Caribbean Sea eight kilometres (five miles) from Belize City on the Philip Goldson Highway on the coast of the Caribbean. The city is the country's principal port and its financial and industrial hub. Cruise ships drop anchor outside the port and are tendered by local citizens. The city was almost entirely destroyed in October 1961 when Hurricane Hattie swept ashore. It was the capital of British Honduras (as Belize was then named) until the government was moved to the new capital of Belmopan in 1970.
Derrinsallow
Derrinsallow (Doirín Salach in Irish) is a townland in the historical Barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located North-West of Birr on the south-west bank of the Little Brosna River within the civil parish of Dorrha. 
The Little Brosna River provided power to the 19th century corn mills at Derrinsallow which although now in ruins are mentioned in the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. The mill race is a popular fishing area. A triple arched limestone bridge from the 19th century crosses the river here.

Birr, County Offaly
Birr (/ˈbɜːr/; Irish: Biorra, meaning "plain of water") is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. Between 1620 and 1899, it was called Parsonstown, after the Parsons family who were local landowners and hereditary Earls of Rosse. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

Birr is a designated Irish Heritage Town with a carefully preserved Georgian heritage. Birr itself has graceful wide streets and elegant buildings. Many of the houses in John's Place and Oxmantown Mall have exquisite fanlight windows of the Georgian period.

The town is known for Birr Castle and Gardens: the home of the Parsons family and the site of the Leviathan of Parsonstown, which was the largest telescope in the world for over 70 years.
Dietel
Dietel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Dietel (born 1959), German speed skater

Heinrich Gotthold Dietel (1839–1911), German textile industry entrepreneur

Johann Ludwig Dietel, transcriber of the Dietel manuscript

Paul Dietel (1860–1947), German mycologist

Dietel manuscript
The Dietel manuscript, D-LEb Peters Ms. R 18, also known as the Dietel Collection and, in German, Choralsammlung Dietel, is the oldest extant manuscript with a large collection of four-part chorales by Johann Sebastian Bach. It contains 149 of Bach's chorale harmonisations (not 150 as is written on its title page) and originated around 1735. The music in the manuscript was copied by Johann Ludwig Dietel, one of Bach's pupils from the Thomasschule.
Ranegras Plain
Ranegras Plain is a plain in the eastern part of La Paz County, Arizona.

The Ranegras Plain is bounded by the Eagletail Mountains, Little Harquahala Mountains, Granite Wash Mountains and Bouse Hills to the northeast and to the southeast by the Plomosa, New Water and Little Horn Mountains. Its elevations range between 1,400 feet / 430 meters in the far southeast of the plain, where the Eagletail and Little Horn Mountains meet, to 930 feet / 280 meters in the far northwest, at Bouse, Arizona, where Bouse Wash, (the primary drainage of the plain), leaves the plain between the Plomosa Mountains and Bouse Hills.

Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land  that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation.  Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world's land area. Plains in many areas are important for agriculture. There are various types of plains, and biomes on them.
Myrmecia infima
Myrmecia infima is an Australian ant species of the genus Myrmecia. First described in 1900 by Auguste-Henri Forel, Myrmecia infima are frequently seen in the western regions of Australia.

Myrmecia infima are rather small bull ants. The average length of a worker is around 6–8 millimetres (which is small when compared to other Myrmecia species that grow over 40 millimetres). Males tend to be 7–8 millimetres long.

Auguste Forel
Auguste-Henri Forel (French pronunciation: [oɡyst ɑ̃ʁi fɔʁɛl]; 1 September 1848 – 27 July 1931) was a Swiss myrmecologist, neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and former eugenicist, notable for his investigations into the structure of the human brain and that of ants. He is considered a co-founder of the neuron theory. Forel is also known for his early contributions to sexology and psychology. From 1978 until 2000 Forel's image appeared on the 1000 Swiss franc banknote.
Sergey Smirnov (shot putter)
Sergey Valentinovich Smirnov (Russian: Сергей Валентинович Смирнов; born 17 September 1960 – 18 September 2003) was a Russian track and field athlete who competed in the shot put. He was a medallist at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in 1987 and at the European Athletics Indoor Championships in 1986 and 1987. Smirnov represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Seoul Olympics and at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics.

Among his other honours were a gold medal at the 1986 Goodwill Games, a gold medal at the 1985 European Cup (in an unbeaten championship record), and a silver at the 1985 IAAF World Cup. He was a six-time Soviet champion. His personal bests of 22.24 m (72 ft 11+1⁄2 in) outdoors and 21.40 m (70 ft 2+1⁄2 in) are the current Russian records in the shot put. He ranks in the top fifteen all-time athletes for the shot put.

1986 Goodwill Games
The 1986 Goodwill Games was the inaugural edition of the international multi-sport event created by Ted Turner, which was held from 5 – 20 July 1986. The main stadium was the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. The Games were a response to the Olympic boycotts of the period, which saw the United States refuse to attend the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, and the Soviet Union refusing to attend the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Soviet athletes dominated the competition, winning 118 gold medals and 241 medals overall. The United States finished in second place, with 42 golds and 142 medals in total.
Steven 'Bo' Keeley
Steven Bo Keeley is an American adventurer, naturalist, holistic healer, veterinarian, professional athlete, commodity market consultant, garage publisher, and executive tour guide, who in 2000 left civilization for a desert burrow in southern California, then, in 2009, became a world-traveling expatriate.

Adventure
An adventure is a novel and exciting undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky. Adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting, or other extreme sports. Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in order to achieve a greater goal, such as the pursuit of knowledge that can only be obtained by such activities.