hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Angustopila psammion
Angustopila psammion is a species of land snail belonging to the subfamily Hypselostomatinae of the family Gastrocoptidae. It was described in 2022.

This species was discovered by scientists scrutinising a small pothole-like cave located in northern Vietnam, according to the original description published in Contributions to Zoology. According to National Geographic, this is the smallest species of land snail ever found. This species' shell measures 0.6 millimeters in diameter. In comparison to other land snails in its family, the Angustopila psammion has a smaller parietal tooth and a shorter spire, however it has a much wider umbilicus.

Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bắc Bộ) is one of three geographical regions in Vietnam. It consists of three sub-regions: the Northwest (vùng Tây Bắc), the Northeast (vùng Đông Bắc), and the Red River Delta (Đồng bằng sông Hồng). Unlike tropical Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam has a subtropical climate.

The region was historically referred to by various names in Vietnamese: Bắc Kỳ during the Nguyễn dynasty, Bắc Bộ from 1945 to the present (encompassing the Empire of Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and Bắc Phần, sometimes Bắc Việt, during the State of Vietnam.

It has a total area of about 109,942.9 km2. The region's largest city, Hanoi, serves as the country's capital. Among the three geographical regions, the oldest is Northern Vietnam. Vietnamese culture originated in the Red River Delta and the Kinh Vietnamese eventually spread south into the Mekong Delta.
South Hongpu Road station
South Hongpu Road (simplified Chinese: 红普南路; traditional Chinese: 紅普南路) is a metro station of Line 9 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It is located in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou. The station was opened on 1 April 2022.

The station is actually located on the former site of Qibao old town (Chinese: 七堡老街), but the name "Qibao" was already taken by Qibao station on Line 1.

Hangzhou Metro
The Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁) is a rapid transit system that serves Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang province, China. The system opened on November 24, 2012. It is the 17th city in China to operate a rapid transit system.
Media Watch (TV program)
Media Watch, formerly Media Watch: The Last Word, is an Australian television programme created and broadcast by ABC Television. It is dedicated to the analysis and critique of Australian media, including its corporate and political interconnections. A number of journalists have presented the program since it premiered in 1989. As of March 2025 the program's host is Linton Besser.

The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)
The Daily Telegraph, nicknamed The Tele, is an Australian tabloid newspaper published by Nationwide News Pty Limited (NWN), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. It is published Monday through Saturday and is available throughout Sydney, across most of regional and remote New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland.

A 2013 poll conducted by Essential Research found that the Telegraph was Australia's least-trusted major newspaper, with 49% of respondents citing "a lot of" or "some" trust in the paper. Amongst those ranked by Nielsen, the Telegraph's website is the sixth most popular Australian news website with a unique monthly audience of 2,841,381 readers.
Tedo
Tedo (Georgian: თედო) is a Georgian male given name. Notable people with this name include:

Tedo Abzhandadze (born 1999), Georgian rugby union player

Tedo Isakadze (born 1966), Georgian politician

Tedo Japaridze (born 1946), Georgian politician

Tedo Zhordania (1854–1916), Georgian historian, philologist, and educator

Tedo Zibzibadze (born 1980), Georgian rugby union player

Tedo Zhordania
Tedo Zhordania (Georgian: თედო ჟორდანია; 10 April 1854 – 22 October 1916) was a Georgian historian, philologist, and educator.

Born in an Orthodox priest's family in the village of Mokvi, then part of the Russian Empire, Zhordania studied theology in Kutaisi, Tbilisi, and Moscow. The leading Russian historian of that period, Vasily Klyuchevsky, recommended the young Georgian student to pursue his career in Moscow, but Zhordania returned to Tbilisi, where he taught geography at a theological college and supervised church schools. An amateur historian, Zhordania revealed, studied, and published a number of hitherto unknown historical records. Many of these sources were subsequently lost and are known to us exclusively from Zhordania's publications. He died in Kaspi. He was subsequently buried at the Didube Pantheon in Tbilisi.
1993 Guatemalan presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Guatemala on 5 June 1993. They were sparked by the 1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis in which President Jorge Serrano Elías had attempted a self-coup. The result was a victory for Ramiro de León Carpio, who won unopposed in the second round of voting, whilst the army-backed Arturo Herbruger was elected vice-president.

Ramiro de León Carpio
Ramiro de León Carpio (12 January 1942 – 16 April 2002) was a Guatemalan politician who served as the 43rd president of Guatemala from June 1993 until January 1996. He served as Guatemala's Attorney for Human Rights from August 1987 to June 1993.
3 Canal
3canal is a Trinidadian band and leading proponent of rapso, a musical style which combines elements of calypso, soca and rap. The group was formed in 1994 by Visual Artist Steve Ouditt and Performing Artists Wendell Manwarren and Roger Roberts. For the next 3 years they created and led their own Jouvay Band in the Trinidad Carnival. Jouvay is the pre-dawn ritual street procession which marks the opening of the Trinidad Carnival.  In 1997 3canal expanded to include Stanton Kewley and John Isaacs, they recorded their first song Blue, the theme song for their Jouvay Band that year. Since then 3canal has released numerous albums from the late 1990s to the present, including a greatest hits collection that includes songs from 1997 to 2004. 3canal celebrated its 25th anniversary as a musical entity in 2022.

Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Trinidadians and Tobagonians, colloquially known as Trinis or Trinbagonians, are the people who are identified with the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The population of Trinidad is notably diverse, with approximately 35% Indo-Trinidadian, 34% Afro-Trinidadian, and close to 30% Mixed (Particularly Dougla). The country is home to people of many different national, ethnic and religious origins. As a result, Trinidadians do not equate their nationality with race and  ethnicity, but with citizenship, identification with the islands as whole, or either Trinidad or Tobago specifically. Although citizens make up the majority of Trinidadians, there is a substantial number of Trinidadian expatriates, dual citizens and descendants living worldwide, chiefly elsewhere in the Anglosphere.
Lando School
Lando School is a historic school building located at Lando, Chester County, South Carolina. It was built in 1904–1905, and is a three-story, rectangular brick building set upon a concrete foundation and with an L-shaped hipped roof.  It features brick on the first two floors and brick and stucco on the third floor and is in the Italian Renaissance Revival style. The first two floors of the school housed classrooms and the main level of the auditorium, while the third floor was essentially balcony seating for the auditorium. Lando School was built as the school for Manetta Mill, and closed in 1955. Manetta Mills remained in operation under a succession of owners until 1991.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Chester County, South Carolina
Chester County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 32,294. Its county seat is Chester. Chester County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Denham Aerodrome
Denham Aerodrome (ICAO: EGLD) is an operational general aviation aerodrome located 1.5 NM (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) east of Gerrards Cross, near Denham, Buckinghamshire, England. It also serves as an important reliever airport for Heathrow Airport.

Denham Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P646) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Bickertons Aerodromes Limited).

Denham lies beneath Heathrow’s Class D airspace. VFR entry/exit points are at Maple Cross (CHT) and St Giles Church.  Entry lanes and circuit height are at 1,000 ft (300 m) MSL. It has one paved runway, aligned 06/24, a parallel grass runway and another grass runway aligned 12/30. It also has substantial hangarage.

Gerrards Cross
Gerrards Cross is a town and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It lies immediately south of Chalfont St Peter and a short distance west of the London Borough of Hillingdon, from which it is separated by the parish of Denham. Other neighbouring villages include Fulmer, Hedgerley, Iver Heath and Stoke Poges. It is 19 miles (31 km) west-north-west of central London. The town stands on the lower slopes of the Chiltern Hills, and the River Misbourne flows through the parish, north-east of the town. Bulstrode Park Camp was an Iron Age fortified encampment. The town is close to the M25 motorway and the M40 motorway, the latter running beside woodland on the town's southern boundary.
Digitalis minor
Digitalis minor is a species of flowering plant in family Plantaginaceae, which has been called dwarf Spanish foxglove. It is a biennial or short-lived perennial species of foxglove which is endemic to the Balearic islands with large, pendulous, pink or purple flowers. Closely related to the common purple foxglove, it is best distinguished by its small fruits. It is one of the only foxgloves to grow in calciferous, alkaline soils.

Local vernacular names in the Catalan language are: didalera, didals, didals de la Mare de Déu, boca de llop and herba de Santa Maria.

Glabrousness
Glabrousness (from Latin  glaber 'bald, hairless, shaved, smooth, etc.') is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes, or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of a plant or animal, or be due to loss because of a physical condition, such as alopecia universalis in humans, which causes hair to fall out or not regrow.
NTU Centre for Contemporary Art Singapore
NTU Centre for Contemporary Art Singapore (NTU CCA Singapore) is a national research centre affiliated with Nanyang Technological University (NTU).

NTU CCA Singapore is located in Gillman Barracks, a visual arts precinct in Singapore. Set up in 2013, the centre is currently headed by Founding Director Ute Meta Bauer, who is also Professor at NTU's School of Art, Design and Media.

After its closure of exhibition space and residency studios in March 2021, the centre still retains its research centre and office at Block 6 Lock Road.

Ute Meta Bauer
Ute Meta Bauer (born 1958) is a German curator based in Singapore. She is an international curator, professor of contemporary art and was the founding director of the Centre for Contemporary Art (CCA) in Singapore.
The Chaser Annual
The Chaser Annual is a printed compendium of stories from The Chaser, published yearly since 2000. The book typically features a collection of the best headlines from The Chaser's website over the preceding year, presented in the style of their defunct print newspaper.  Originally published as part of The Chaser's newspaper's business, the Annual continued despite the closure of the newspaper in 2005, with editions continuing to be released through to 2010.

The Annual was revived in 2016 as part of the Chaser's Quarterly Journal series in conjunction with Australian satirical website The Shovel. Since 2017 the Annual has returned to its original form, and is now sold alongside a national stage tour 'The War on The Year'. The show has sold out yearly across Australia since 2016, and has included performances at The Sydney Opera House, and a TV adaptation is in development for 2020.

Doug Lussenhop
Doug Lussenhop (born March 8, 1973), known professionally as DJ Douggpound, is an American musician, video editor, and comedian. Lussenhop is best known for his weekly appearance as co-host of Office Hours Live. He is also widely recognized as the editor for Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, which prominently features his trademark editing style. He edited and acted in many Tim & Eric projects, including Tom Goes to the Mayor, Tim and Eric Nite Live!, and Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie. In 2024, Lussenhop supported the Eric Andre Show Live Tour as its opening act.
Aerolíneas Internacionales
Aerolíneas Internacionales S.A. de C.V. was a Mexican domestic airline headquartered in Mexico City and had a hub in Cuernavaca Airport. Despite its name (translating to "International Airlines"), the airline never actually operated outside Mexico.

KidZania
KidZania (/kɪdˈzeɪniə/) is a Mexican privately held international chain of indoor family entertainment centers currently operating in 30 locations worldwide, allowing children to role play adult jobs and earn currency. It receives at least 9 million visitors per year.
2016–17 Mohun Bagan FC season
The 2016–17 Mohun Bagan FC season was the club's 10th season in I-League and 127th season since its establishment in 1889. They finished third in the Calcutta Football League and runners-up in the I-League. Mohun Bagan finished third in group stage of the AFC Cup and ended the season as runners-up of Federation Cup.

Indian Football Association
The Indian Football Association, abbreviated as IFA, is the organisation that administers football in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the oldest football association in India and was founded in 1893. Among the founders was former English international Elphinstone Jackson.

The IFA organises tournaments such as the Calcutta Football League, the Calcutta Women's Football League and the IFA Shield. In 2021, the IFA also took an initiative to start its own futsal league.
It also sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Rajmata Jijabai Trophy.
Västanåfallet
62°44′5″N 17°24′55″E﻿ / ﻿62.73472°N 17.41528°E﻿ / 62.73472; 17.41528

Västanåfallet is a cascade waterfall located in Härnösand Municipality, in Västernorrland County, Sweden.

The falls are located about three kilometers south of the village of Viksjö, on the Eksjöåns River, and have a height of 90 meters.  The river then joins the Mjällån river, and the falls highest flows are in spring and early summer.

The Västanå ironworks opened near the falls in 1744, and operated through 1867, and some remnants of those operations remain on site, including an old smithy building dating from the 1700s.

The falls are in a 17-acre nature reserve established in 1978, accessed from county road (Länsväg) 331.  The nature reserve contains an old lodge with exhibits about the history of the site and area, and also hosts popular local events.  The reserve also offers Icelandic horse rides.

Västernorrland County
Västernorrland County (Swedish: Västernorrlands län) is a county (län) in the north of Sweden. It is bordered by the counties of Gävleborg, Jämtland, Västerbotten and the Gulf of Bothnia.

The name Västernorrland means "Western Norrland", as it was in the western part of the original Norrland (northern Sweden and northern Finland).
Frank Matthews (drug trafficker)
Frank Larry Matthews (February 13, 1944 – disappeared June 26, 1973), also known as Black Caesar, Mark IV and Pee Wee, was an American drug trafficker and crime boss who sold heroin and cocaine throughout the eastern United States from 1965 to 1972. He operated in 21 states and supplied drug dealers throughout every region of the country. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ranks Matthews as one of the top ten drug traffickers in U.S. history and he is estimated to have had US$20 million in savings.

Matthews led a flamboyant lifestyle, with luxury homes, vehicles and clothing along with prime seats at sporting events and regular trips to Las Vegas to launder money and gamble. He hosted an African-American and Hispanic drug dealers' summit in Atlanta in 1971 and another in Las Vegas in 1972 to discuss how to break the American Mafia's control of heroin importation. Matthews was arrested in 1973 on tax evasion and drug charges but disappeared afterward.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
In enzymology, a xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

XMP + diphosphate  5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are XMP and diphosphate, whereas its two products are 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate and xanthine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is XMP:diphosphate 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase. Other names in common use include Xan phosphoribosyltransferase, xanthosine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase, xanthylate pyrophosphorylase, xanthylic pyrophosphorylase, XMP pyrophosphorylase, 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose-1-diphosphate:xanthine, phospho-D-ribosyltransferase, 9-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)xanthine:diphosphate, and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

Xanthine
Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.

Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.

It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase.

It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase.

It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.
1896 Massachusetts legislature
The 117th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1896 during the governorship of Roger Wolcott. George P. Lawrence served as president of the Senate and George von Lengerke Meyer served as speaker of the House.

Notable legislation included "An Act to Provide for the Security and Preservation of the So-called Bulfinch Portion of the State House."

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Hauenstein Railway
The Hauenstein Railway is a major railway line in Switzerland connecting the cities of Basel and Olten.

The original line was built between 1853 and 1858 under the Unterer Hauenstein Pass, an ancient pass through the Jura Mountains, including a 2,495 m (8,186 ft) long tunnel under the village of Hauenstein. Between 1912 and 1916 a new line with an 8,134 m (5.054 mi) long base tunnel was built further east, by-passing the steeper sections of the line.

Normally long-distance trains use the base tunnel line, and the old summit line is only used by trains serving the local people (Läufelfingerli). Sometimes during disruptions inter-city trains operate on the old line, but it is reasonably fast and diverted trains take only about four minutes longer than normal services. Freight trains rarely use the summit line because of its large gradients.

Aarau
Aarau (Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːraʊ], Alemannic German pronunciation: [ˈɑːræu̯]) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the northern Swiss canton of Aargau. The town is also the capital of the district of Aarau. It is German-speaking and predominantly Protestant. Aarau is situated on the Swiss plateau, in the valley of the Aare, on the river's right bank, and at the southern foot of the Jura Mountains, and is west of Zurich, 58 kilometres (36 miles) south of Basel and 65 kilometres (40 miles) northeast of Bern. The municipality borders directly on the canton of Solothurn to the west. It is the largest town in Aargau. At the beginning of 2010 Rohr became a district of Aarau.

The official language of Aarau is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Nicolas Chorier
Nicolas Chorier (September 1, 1612 – August 14, 1692) was a French lawyer, writer, and historian. He is known especially for his historical works on Dauphiné, as well as his erotic dialogue called The School of Women, or The Seven Flirtatious Encounters of Aloisia (French: L'Academie des dames, ou les Sept entretiens galants d'Aloisia).

He was born at Vienne, in present-day Isère. He practised as a lawyer in Grenoble and then as a prosecutor for King Louis XIV. His works on Dauphiné remain an important source for historians to this day. He died at Grenoble in his eightieth year.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
ISO 3166-2:KN
ISO 3166-2:KN is the entry for Saint Kitts and Nevis in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Saint Kitts and Nevis, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two levels of subdivisions:

two states (i.e., the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis)

14 parishes

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is KN, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The second part is either of the following:

one letter: states

two digits (01–15 except 14): parishes

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.