hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eriosyce chilensis
Eriosyce chilensis or "Chilenito" is a critically endangered species of cactus from Chile. Found on the coast between Coquimbo and Valparaiso, the plant is one of the world's 100 most threatened species according to the IUCN. Its rarity is primarily due to its small native habitat range and illegal overcollection for the ornamental cactus trade. The cactus has two known varieties, which are similar except that var. chilensis produces red flowers while var. albidiflora produces yellow flowers.

Coquimbo
Coquimbo [koˈkimbo] is a port city, commune and capital of the Elqui Province, located on the Pan-American Highway, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. Coquimbo is situated in a valley 10 km (6 mi) south of La Serena, with which it forms Greater La Serena with more than 400,000 inhabitants. The commune spans an area around the harbor of 1,429.3 km2 (552 sq mi). The average temperature in the city lies around 14 °C (57 °F), and precipitation is low.
General Hershy Bar
General Hershy Bar was a satirical character of the Vietnam War-era Anti-War protest movement, portrayed by William "Bill" Matons, in a parody of U.S. General Lewis B. Hershey, then Director of the Selective Service.

The character's name was also spelled as "Hershey Bar" or "HersheyBar" among Matons' own publications and those of the general public when referring to him. Matons also performed Calypso music under the names The Calypso Kid and Calypso Joe.

The Duke of Iron
The Duke of Iron (born Cecil Anderson, 22 November 1906 – 17 November 1968) was a calypsonian, nightclub and concert entertainer, and recording artist from the 1930s through the 1960s.  Born in Trinidad and working mainly in the United States, he was renowned for his bawdy humor, crisp diction, and confident vocal mannerisms. His clarity in pronouncing English lyrics helped him achieve tremendous popularity with American audiences.
Venice–Udine railway
The Venice–Udine railway is an Italian railway line connecting Venice, in Veneto, with Udine, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It follows the same route as state highway 13 (SS 13, "Pontebbana").

The railway infrastructure is managed by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, which classifies it as one of its primary lines.

It has a maximum line speed of 150 km/h (93 mph).

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italian: [friˈuːli veˈnɛttsja ˈdʒuːlja]) is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The regional capital is Trieste on the Gulf of Trieste, a bay of the Adriatic Sea.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia has a population of 1,194,095 in an area of 7,924.36 square kilometres (3,059.61 sq mi) as of 2025. A natural opening to the sea for many central European countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of Southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli and a small portion of the historical region of Venezia Giulia—also known in English as the Julian March—each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity.
ACB Best Coach
The ACB Best Coach is the annual award that is given to the best coach of each regular season phase of the Liga ACB, which is the top-tier level professional club basketball league in the country of Spain. The award began with the Liga ACB 2007–08 season. The Spanish Basketball Coaches Association, also gives a coach of the year award, the AEEB Coach of the Year Award, which has been awarded since the 1974–75 season.

Spanish basketball league system
The Spanish basketball league system is a series of connected competitions for professional basketball clubs in Spain. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and relegation system between competitions at different levels.
Jamie Murch
James Clifford Thomas Murch (born 8 August 1975) is a former Australian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played for Hertfordshire. He was born in Melbourne.

Murch made a single appearance for the team, during the C&G Trophy in August 2003. From the middle order, he scored 24 runs with the bat, and took figures of 0–67 with the ball.

He is the son of first-class cricketer Nigel Murch. In 2009, he married Australian athlete Cathy Freeman.

Nigel Murch
Stewart Nigel Clifford Murch (27 June 1944 – 15 July 2020) was an Australian cricketer active from 1966 to 1970 who played for Northamptonshire and Victoria.

Born in Warrnambool, Victoria, Murch appeared in ten first-class matches as a right arm fast bowler and right-handed batsman. He took 17 wickets with a best performance of three for 49, and scored 215 runs with a highest score of 64.

He died on 15 July 2020 at the age of 76. He was the father-in-law of Cathy Freeman, Australia's 400m Olympic gold medallist.
Aparank Monastery
Aparank Monastery or Aparanq (Armenian: Ապարանք), or Holy Cross Aparank, is an Armenian monastery located in modern-day Turkey, Van province near the city of Bahçesaray. It was found within the borders of the historical Armenian province of Mokk.

The monastery was founded in the 10th century to house a relic of the True Cross. The church was restored and expanded in the 17th century, and it was abandoned during the first half of the 20th century after the Armenian genocide. Before the genocide, it consisted of the churches of Surb Hovhannes Karapet (St. John the Baptist), Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God), and the chapels of Surb Stepannos (St. Stephen) and Surb Arakelots (Holy Apostles), a gavit, a fountain, and a hotel.

Gavit
In a medieval Armenian monastery, a gavit (Armenian: գավիթ; gawit’) or zhamatun (Armenian: ժամատուն; žamatun) is a congressional room or mausoleum added to the entrance of a church, and therefore often contiguous to its west side. It served as narthex (entrance to the church), mausoleum and assembly room, somewhat like the narthex or lite of a Byzantine church. As an architectural element, the gavit was distinct from the church, and built afterwards. Its first known instance is at the Horomos Monastery, dated to 1038, when it was already called "žamatun". The term "gavit" started to replace the term zhamatun' from 1181, when it first appears in an inscription at the Sanahin Monastery.
1976 Orange Bowl
The 1976 Orange Bowl was the 42nd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, on Thursday, January 1. Part of the 1975–76 bowl game season, it matched the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference and the #3 Oklahoma Sooners of the Big Eight Conference. In the first meeting between these two teams, favored Oklahoma won 14–6.

This was the sixth and final Orange Bowl played on artificial turf; Poly-Turf, similar to AstroTurf, was installed before the 1970 season and two versions lasted six seasons. It was removed in early 1976, following Super Bowl X, and replaced with natural grass.

This was the first time the Orange Bowl used officials from a neutral conference (in this instance, the Southeastern). In previous years, a split crew consisting of officials from each team's conference (the Big Ten when independent Notre Dame participated) were put together.

AstroTurf
AstroTurf is an American subsidiary of SportGroup that produces artificial turf for playing surfaces in sports. The original AstroTurf product was a short-pile synthetic turf invented in 1965 by Monsanto. Since the early 2000s, AstroTurf has marketed taller pile systems that use infill materials to better replicate natural turf. In 2016, AstroTurf became a subsidiary of German-based SportGroup, a family of sports surfacing companies, which itself is owned by the investment firm Equistone Partners Europe.
1977 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 1977 New Zealand Grand Prix was a race held at the Pukekohe Park Raceway on 9 January 1977.  The race had 20 starters.

It was the 23rd New Zealand Grand Prix, and saw the race run with Formula Pacific cars rather than Formula 5000 as was run for the previous few years. The race was won by future Formula One World Champion Keke Rosberg in the Chevron B24. The rest of the podium was completed by American Tom Gloy and Jamaican Richard Melville.

Formula Pacific
Formula Pacific was a motor racing category which was used in the Pacific Basin area from 1977 to 1982. It specified a single-seat, open-wheeler chassis powered by a production-based four-cylinder engine of under 1600cc capacity. The formula was based on Formula Atlantic, with provision made for the use of Japanese engines. The category was superseded in 1983 by Formula Mondial, which was devised by the FIA to replace both Formula Atlantic and Formula Pacific.
South Devon Railway Gorgon class
The Gorgon class were six 4-4-0ST broad gauge locomotives operated on the South Devon Railway, Cornwall Railway and West Cornwall Railway. They were designed for passenger trains on this steep and sharply curved line but were also used on goods trains when required.

They were ordered by the South Devon Railway which was contracted to operate the locomotives for both the railways. They were designed by Daniel Gooch a development of his earlier Comet class, and built by the Avonside Engine Company.

The locomotives of the three railways were operated as a combined fleet by the South Devon Railway but each was accounted to the railway that ordered it. On 1 February 1876, the South Devon Railway was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway, the locomotives were given numbers by their new owners but continued to carry their names too.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
The Peacock Skirt
The Peacock Skirt is an 1893 illustration by Aubrey Beardsley.  His original pen and ink drawing was first reproduced as a wood engraving in the first English edition of Oscar Wilde's one-act play Salome in 1894.  In later editions it was photo-mechanically reproduced as a lineblock for printing. The original drawing was bequeathed by Grenville Lindall Winthrop to the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University in 1943.

John Lane (publisher)
John Lane (14 March 1854 – 2 February 1925) was a British publisher who co-founded The Bodley Head with Charles Elkin Mathews. He published the Yellow Book newspaper. He established a New York branch of his publishing business and married American author Anna Eichberg King.
Self-Portrait with Monkey
Self-Portrait with Monkey (Autorretrato con mono in Spanish) is an oil on masonite painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, commissioned in 1938 by A. Conger Goodyear, then president of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. It is one of the many self-portraits painted by Kahlo for friends and patrons during her career.

The commission came after Goodyear attended Kahlo's first solo exhibition in November 1938 at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York. There, Goodyear admired Kahlo's 1937 painting Fulang-Chang and I, which depicted Kahlo with her pet monkey, but Kahlo had already promised this painting to her friend Mary Schapiro Sklar.

The original is housed at the Albright–Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York. American singer-songwriter Madonna acquired this painting, and in 2001 she lent this piece at the Tate Modern exhibition Surrealism: Desire Unbound, which was the first British exhibition dedicated to Kahlo.

Paintings on Masonite
Paintings on Masonite is a series of 27 abstract paintings made by Joan Miró using the type of proprietary hardboard known as masonite, just after the Spanish Civil War started on 18 July 1936. These works break with his earlier phase which was known as his wild paintings period. This was a label established to describe the work done during the two years preceding the Civil War, between 1934 and 1936.
Setouchi region
The Setouchi region (瀬戸内地方, Setouchi chihō), or simply Setouchi, is a geographic region of Japan. Setouchi includes the Seto Inland Sea and the adjacent coastal areas of Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, three of the four main islands of Japan.

Yamaguchi, Hiroshima, Okayama, Hyōgo, Osaka, Kagawa, Ehime, Fukuoka, and Ōita prefectures all have coastlines in Setouchi; the cities of Hiroshima, Iwakuni, Takamatsu, and Matsuyama are also located within the region.

Iwakuni
Iwakuni (岩国市, Iwakuni-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2023, the city had an estimated population of 127,512 in 65182 households and a population density of 157 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 873.72 square kilometres (337.35 sq mi).
George H. Cooper
Rear Admiral  George Henry Cooper  (27 July 1821 – 17 November 1891) was an officer in the United States Navy. During his long naval career, he served on the African Slave Trade Patrol, and fought in the Second Seminole War, the Mexican War, the American Civil War, and the Korean Expedition, and rose to command of the North Atlantic Squadron.

USS Colorado (1856)
The first USS Colorado, a 3,400-long-ton (3,500 t), three-masted steam screw frigate of the United States Navy in commission at various times between 1858 and 1876. She saw combat during the American Civil War (1861–1865) and the United States expedition to Korea in 1871. She was the fifth of the Franklin-class frigates — all of which except for Franklin were named after rivers in the United States — and was named after the Colorado River.
Claudius Gothicus
Marcus Aurelius Claudius "Gothicus" (10 May 214 – August/September 270), also known as Claudius II, was Roman emperor from 268 to 270. During his reign he fought successfully against the Alemanni and decisively defeated the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. He died after succumbing to a "pestilence", possibly the Plague of Cyprian that had ravaged the provinces of the Empire.

Eutropius (historian)
Flavius Eutropius (fl. 363–387) was a Roman official and historian. His book Breviarium Historiae Romanae summarizes events from the founding of Rome in the 8th century BC down to the author's lifetime. Appreciated by later generations for its clear presentation and writing style, the Breviarium can be used as a supplement to more comprehensive Roman historical texts that have survived in fragmentary condition.
Richard Phelips
Richard Phelips (by 1488 – 1558), of Poole and Charborough, Dorset, Southwark, Surrey and London, was an English politician.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Poole in 1512 and 1515, Melcombe Regis in 1529, Wareham in March 1553 and Dorset in 1554.

Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (UK Parliament constituency)
Weymouth and Melcombe Regis was a parliamentary borough in Dorset represented in the English House of Commons, later in that of Great Britain, and finally in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was formed by the Union of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis Act 1571 (13 Eliz. 1. c. 9 Pr.) which amalgamated the existing boroughs of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. Until 1832, the combined borough continued to elect the four Members of Parliament (MPs) to which its constituent parts had previously been entitled; the Great Reform Act reduced its representation to two Members, and the constituency was abolished altogether in 1885, becoming part of the new South Dorset constituency.
Names of Patna
Since its origin in 600 BCE, the city of Patna pronunciationⓘ (Hindi: पटना) has gone through many name changes. The article lists various names of Patna used throughout its history. The article could also be taken as the Toponymy of Patna.

Magadha
Magadha (IPA: [məɡəd̪ʰaː]) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (c. 320–185 BCE).
2023 Fórmula Nacional Argentina
The 2023 Fórmula Nacional Argentina was a multi-event, Formula Renault 2.0 open-wheel single seater motor racing championship. The championship featured a mix of professional and amateur drivers. This championship was held under the Formula Renault Argentina moniker from 1980. This was the second season held under the Fórmula Nacional Argentina moniker.

The season started on 24 February, and was held over 24 races spanning twelve weekends. Nicolás Suárez won the Drivers' Championship, while the team of his closest competitor Emiliano Stang, Gabriel Werner Competición, won the Teams' Championship.

Autódromo Oscar Cabalén
Autódromo Oscar Cabalén is a 4.045 km (2.513 mi) motorsports circuit located in Villa Parque Santa Ana, Córdoba, Argentina. It has hosted events in the TC2000, Turismo Nacional and Formula Nacional Argentina series. The circuit is named in honour of racing driver, Oscar Cabalén (1928–1967).
Lana Wolf
Lana Wolf (born 14 December 1975 in Wezep, Gelderland) is a musician and singer. She sang with many international artists, among which are The Trammps, George McCrae, Londonbeat, Frans Bauer, René Froger, Gerard Cox and Linda, Roos and Jessica as well as with the Metropole Orchestra.

Wolf started her career at the age of ten. After having performed with a number of bands including Rent a VIP of Babette van Veen, Lana got her first record deal. For weeks she was in several charts. Furthermore, she was broadcast on Radio Noord Zee and she was guest in popular TV shows Koffietijd' (RTL4), AVRO's Sterrenslag and Barend & Van Dorp.

Londonbeat
Londonbeat are a British dance-pop band who scored a number of pop and dance hits in the early 1990s. They currently consist of vocalists Jimmy Helms, Jimmy Chambers, and Charles Pierre. Former members include multi-instrumentalist William Henshall, George Chandler, Marc Goldschmitz, and Myles Kayne. As of 2026, the band has released six studio albums and numerous compilations.
Tabayin Township
Tabayin Township (also spelt Depeyin or Depayin) is a township in Ye-U District in the Sagaing Region, Myanmar. The township is located in the north-western part of the country. The principal town is Tabayin.

Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by Chin State and India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh states to the west and north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east and Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south. The Ayeyarwady River forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of 93,527 square kilometres (36,111 sq mi), making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000. The namesake of Sagaing Region is Sagaing but the administrative capital and largest city is Monywa.
Lee Si-hyeong
Lee Si-hyeong (Korean: 이시형; born December 15, 2000) is a retired South Korean figure skater. He is the 2022 CS Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist, and a seven-time South Korean national medalist. He represented his country at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

2025 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2025 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships took place from February 19 to February 23, 2025, at the Mokdong Ice Rink in Seoul, South Korea. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.

The competition was awarded to South Korea in January 2023 and was originally scheduled from February 4–9. In April 2024, it was rescheduled to February 18–23.
Blindheimsvik Wildlife Sanctuary
The Blindheimsvik Wildlife Sanctuary (Norwegian: Blindheimsvik dyrefredningsområde) is located on the south side of Vigra island in Giske Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.

The area received protection in 1988 "to preserve an important wetland area with its habitat, bird life and other wildlife," according to the conservation regulations. The area consists of a long shallow bay with large tidal areas. Many small streams empty into the bay, where there are beach meadow areas rich in various species. The bay is important as a resting place for ducks and waders, and as an overwintering site and nesting site for wetland birds. Twenty bird species of international importance and three species of national importance have been observed here.

The wildlife sanctuary is one of six natural areas that were included in the Giske Wetlands System Ramsar site, which was established in 1996.

Beach meadow
Beach meadows are coastal meadows influenced by the presence of the nearby sea.

Under this definition, the salinity of the air and wind is always high and the meadows are often flooded during and after stormy weather. These conditions implies that the flora is dominated by salt-tolerant species. However, that alone does not make a meadow. To be categorized as a meadow in the first place, the plantgrowth has to be low in height, and normally this can only be achieved from wear by general traffic or grazing of the landscape, either artificially or by livestock. Beach meadows are therefore usually thought of as cultural landscapes or biotopes, requiring some degree of intervention and not being able to sustain itself on its own. If left to their own, beach meadows would usually transform into a so-called transitional meadow and eventually a shrubby or bushy seashore habitat.
Gérard Mourou
Gérard Albert Mourou (French: [ʒeʁaʁ muʁu]; born 22 June 1944, Albertville, France) is a French scientist and pioneer in the field of electrical engineering and lasers.  He was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018, along with Donna Strickland, for the invention of chirped pulse amplification, a technique later used to create ultrashort-pulse, very high-intensity (petawatt) laser pulses.

In 1994, Mourou and his team at the University of Michigan discovered that the balance between the self-focusing refraction (see Kerr effect) and self-attenuating diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser beam of terawatt intensities in the atmosphere creates "filaments" that act as waveguides for the beam, thus preventing divergence.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.
John Knatchbull
John Knatchbull is the name of:

Sir John Knatchbull, 2nd Baronet (c. 1630–1696), English MP for Kent and New Romney

John Knatchbull (Royal Navy captain) (died 1844), British naval captain and convict found guilty of murder

John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne (1924–2005), British peer, television producer and Academy Award nominated film producer

John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne
John Ulick Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne, CBE (9 November 1924 – 23 September 2005), professionally known as John Brabourne, was a British peer, television producer and Oscar-nominated film producer. Married to the elder daughter of 1st Earl Mountbatten, Brabourne was a survivor of the bombing which killed his father-in-law, mother and son.