hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ClariNet
ClariNet Communications Corp was an online newspaper service delivered over the internet. It was founded in 1989 in Waterloo, Ontario, by Brad Templeton.

ClariNet delivered traditional newspaper and magazine content using Usenet newsgroup technology,
existing as a proprietary newsgroup hierarchy independent to the Big 8 hierarchies.
News was delivered over the internet using NNTP as well as UUCP.

National Science Foundation Network
The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) from 1985 to 1995 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States. The program created several nationwide backbone computer networks in support of these initiatives. It was created to link researchers to the NSF-funded supercomputing centers. Later, with additional public funding and also with private industry partnerships, the network developed into a major part of the Internet backbone.

The National Science Foundation permitted only government agencies and universities to use the network until 1989 when the first commercial Internet service provider emerged. By 1991, the NSF removed access restrictions and the commercial ISP business grew rapidly.
Lucia Peixoto
Lucía Peixoto is a Uruguayan-American biochemist and neuroscientist whose research concerns the genomic and biomolecular basis of sleep, memory, and autism. She is an associate professor in the Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology of the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine at Washington State University.

Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine
The Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine is a public medical school headquartered in Spokane, Washington. Founded in 2015, it is part of Washington State University, and is the second public medical school in the state of Washington. It welcomed its inaugural class in the fall of 2017, joining the University of Washington and Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences as one of three medical schools in the state.
V. G. Bhide
Vishnu Ganesh Bhide (8 August 1925 – 25 June 2006) was an Indian physicist and educationist, known for his pioneering work on Mossbauer spectroscopy and his contributions to science education in India. He was the scientific advisor to the Government of India during 1973-75 and a member of the  International Commission on the Applications of Mossbauer Effect. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 1992.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
Tepeköy, Bor
Tepeköy is a village in Bor District of Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 692 (2022). It is situated in the southwestern slopes of Melendiz Mountain. Distance to Bor is 20 kilometres (12 mi) to Niğde is 34 kilometres (21 mi).

Mount Hasan
Mount Hasan (Turkish: Hasan Dağı) is a volcano in Anatolia, Turkey. It has two summits, the 3,069 metres (10,069 ft) high eastern Small Hasandağ and the 3,253 metres (10,673 ft) high Big Hasandağ, and rises about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) above the surrounding terrain. It consists of various volcanic deposits, including several calderas, and its activity has been related to the presence of several faults in the area and to regional tectonics.

Activity began in the Miocene and continued into the Holocene; a mural found in the archeological site of Çatalhöyük has been controversially interpreted as showing a volcanic eruption or even a primitive map. It was the second mountain from the south in the Byzantine beacon system used to warn the Byzantine capital of Constantinople of incursions during the Arab–Byzantine wars.
Benedict Spinola
Benedict Spinola  (1519/20 – 1580),  born in Genoa and died in London,  was a 16th-century Genoese merchant of the Spinola family who lived his whole adult life in  the City of London, the principal seaport of the Kingdom of England. Beginning his career as a clerk, he rose to become an exporter of woollen cloths and importer of wines and also served the English government as an agent and financier.

He never married and died of the plague in London in August 1580, shortly after his return from a mission to the Seventeen Provinces.

Governance of England
There has not been a government of England since 1707, when the Kingdom of England ceased to exist as a sovereign state after merging with the Kingdom of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Kingdom of Great Britain continued from 1707 until 1801 when it merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which itself became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) in 1922 (in reality; in name in 1927) upon independence for most of the island of Ireland.
Vyalova Cave
Vyalova Cave (Ukrainian: печера В'ялова; Russian: пещера Вялова) is a cave in a lower plateau of the Chatyrdag mountain, Crimea. It also has an 'old' name: Togerik-Alan-Hosar (Тогерик-Алан-Хосар).

The cave has a vertical entrance of 31 m (102 ft) depth, which gradually, at a depth about 16 m (52 ft), transforms into a steep, almost vertical, shaft. The total depth of the cave is 124 m (407 ft). It belongs to the Vyalova Cave system.

The cave is named after Russian speleologist Vyalov.

Speleology
Speleology (from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their composition, structure, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term speleology is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as caving, potholing (British English), or spelunking (United States and Canadian English). Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for in situ study are the same.

Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems.
Shakardara
Shakardara (شکردرہ) is an area located along the administrative boundary between Kohat District and Mianwali District in Pakistan. It serves as a geographic link between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Historically, the area has been inhabited by the Bangi Khel and Saghri Khattak clans, with settlements extending across both districts.

Economically, the region is associated with natural resource activities, including petroleum and natural gas operations by the Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL), as well as reports of mineral exploration in surrounding areas.

Mianwali District
The Mianwali District (Punjabi: ضِلع مِيانوالى) is a district located in the Sargodha Division of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Mianwali District remained part of Rawalpindi Division until 1963, when Mianwali District became part of Sargodha Division. According to 2023 Pakistani census, population of Mianwali District is 1.79 million.

It has borders with the Talagang, Attock, Kohat, Karak, Lakki Marwat, Dera Ismail Khan, Bhakkar, and Khushab districts.
KKXL (AM)
KKXL (1440 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States, and features a sports format known as "1440 The Fan". Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., the station serves the Greater Grand Forks region as an affiliate of the Minnesota Vikings, Minnesota Wild, and ESPN Radio, with daytime programming provided from KFXN-FM in Minneapolis–Saint Paul. In addition to a standard analog transmission, KKXL programming is available online via iHeartRadio.

Minnesota Wild
The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Wild compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference. The team plays its home games at the Grand Casino Arena, and is owned by Craig Leipold. The Wild are affiliated with the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Iowa Heartlanders of the ECHL.

The Wild were founded on June 25, 1997, and began play in the 2000–01 season. The team was founded following the departure of the Minnesota North Stars, who were based in Minnesota from 1967 to 1993, when they relocated to Dallas, Texas, and became the Dallas Stars. The Wild made their first Stanley Cup playoffs appearance in 2003, making a surprise run to the Western Conference finals, but ultimately losing to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. The team have appeared in the playoffs a total of 14 times, and have won one division championship, in 2008.
Anderle
Anderle is a surname of German origin meaning "little Andrew/Andreas". Notable people with the surname include:

David Anderle (1937–2014), American record producer

Jiří Anderle (born 1936), Czech painter and graphic artist

Ádám Anderle (1943–2016), Hungarian historian, hispanist

Mathias Anderle (born 1993), American singer-songwriter

Natália Anderle, Miss Brazil 2008

Ádám Anderle
Ádám Anderle (Hungarian: [ˈaːdaːm ˈɒndɛrlɛ]; February 25, 1943 – November 19, 2016) was a Hungarian historian, hispanist, full (university) professor, professor emeritus of Faculty of Arts, University of Szeged (SZTE). He was active in research of the relationship between Latin America and Hungary for decades. He was fluent in Hungarian and Spanish.
Sukeban Deka The Movie
Sukeban Deka The Movie (スケバン刑事) is a live action Japanese film that was released in 1987. This is a sequel to the TV series Sukeban Deka II: Shōjo Tekkamen Densetsu, based on the manga series Sukeban Deka written and illustrated by Shinji Wada. It stars Yoko Minamino and Yui Asaka, who were also in the TV series. The movie was followed by Sukeban Deka II in 1988.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
Felipe Giaffone
Felipe Giaffone (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [feˈlipi ʒaˈfoni, fiˈ-]; born 22 January 1975) is a Brazilian racing driver. Giaffone competed in the Indy Racing League between 2001 and 2006, with a best season finish of fourth in the 2002 season with a single win at Kentucky. Later he switched to truck racing, claiming a total eight titles between Fórmula Truck and Copa Truck.

From 2008 to 2018, Giaffone worked as part-time commentator on IndyCar Series broadcasts on Rede Bandeirantes. In 2019 he joined Rede Globo to continue in that role on Formula One broadcasts. In 2021, he returned to Band as the network got the rights for F1 races. In 2026 he switched back to Globo to continue in Formula One broadcasts but in pay television channel SporTV.

His father, "Zeca" Giaffone is the 1987 Stock Car Brasil champion and a Mil Milhas Brasil five-time winner in the 1980s.

SporTV
SporTV is a Brazilian pay television sports network owned by Canais Globo, part of Grupo Globo, launched in 1991. It is the most watched sports network in Brazil.

On 18 January 2013, were launched High-definition simulcasts of SporTV and SporTV 2. Before that, select events were broadcast in HD on sister channel Globosat HD (now Modo Viagem). In 2013, SporTV was the 3rd most watched channel on Brazilian pay television, the first among sports channels. SporTV 2 was the 19th, and SporTV 3 was the 39th most watched channel.
Erik Granfelt
Erik Gustaf Granfelt (17 November 1883 – 18 February 1962) was a Swedish gymnast  who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish team, which was able to win the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team event in 1908.

At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, he was a member of the Swedish tug of war team, which won the bronze medal. see Tug of war 1906.

Erik Granfelt also played football (soccer) for AIK from Stockholm, with whom he won the Swedish Championship in 1901.

AIK Fotboll
AIK Fotboll (LSE: 0DI2), more commonly known simply as AIK (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːiːˌkoː]), an abbreviation for Allmänna Idrottsklubben (meaning the public or general sports club), and internationally known as AIK Stockholm, is a Swedish professional football club from Stockholm, competing in Allsvenskan, the top flight of Swedish football. The club was founded 1891 and the football department was formed in 1896. AIK's home ground is Strawberry Arena, located in Solna, bordering Stockholm City Centre.

AIK has 12 championship titles and is third in the all-time Allsvenskan table. The club holds the record for having played the most seasons in the Swedish top flight.

In Europe, AIK reached the quarter-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, qualified for the 1999–00 UEFA Champions League group stage, and competed in the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League group stage.
UWM
UWM may stand for

Universities:
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
WUWM, its public radio station licensed to Milwaukee
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

In computing:
Ultrix Window Manager
UDE Window Manager

Others
Ticker symbol for ProShares Ultra Russell2000 at NYSE Arca
United World Mission
United Wholesale Mortgage

WUWM
WUWM (89.7 FM, "Milwaukee's NPR") is a non-commercial radio station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is owned and operated by the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee with the license held by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. A unit of the UW-Milwaukee College of Letters and Science, the station's studios and offices are on the seventh floor of Chase Tower on Wisconsin Avenue near Water Street in Downtown Milwaukee.

WUWM is a Class B FM station, with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 13,500 watts. The transmitter is atop the WITI TV Tower in Shorewood.
Swinnerton Ledge
Swinnerton Ledge (80°43′S 22°28′W﻿ / ﻿80.717°S 22.467°W﻿ / -80.717; -22.467) is a flat-topped ridge rising to about 1,500 m and marking the east end of the Read Mountains, Shackleton Range. Photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy, 1967. Surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1968–71. In association with the names of geologists grouped in this area, named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Henry H. Swinnerton (1876–1966), British zoologist and paleontologist, Professor of Geology, University College, Nottingham (later the University of Nottingham), 1912–46; President, Geological Society, 1938–40.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Swinnerton Ledge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Sami Rähmönen
Faisal Sami Adnan Rähmönen (born 19 April 1987 Turku) is a Finnish retired footballer who represented Turun Palloseura in his whole career. He mostly played as a right back, but was also useful as a winger or central midfielder.

33-year-old Rähmönen retired from his professional career at the end of 2020.

Turun Palloseura
Turun Palloseura, commonly known as TPS, is a professional football club based in Turku, Finland. Since winning promotion in 2025, the men's team competes in Veikkausliiga, the highest tier. Nicknamed "Tepsi", the club was founded in 1922.

TPS have won 8 League titles and 3 Finnish Cups. They play their home league matches at Veritas Stadion, with a capacity of 9,372 seats for most matches.
T44 RNA
The T44 RNA family consists of a number of bacterial RNA genes of between 135 and 170 bases in length. The t44 gene has been identified in several species of enteric bacteria but homologs have also been identified in Pseudomonas and Coxiella species. The t44 gene is found between the map and rpsB genes in all species in the full alignment apart from Shigella flexneri. The function of this RNA is unknown.

Shigella flexneri
Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Shigella that can cause diarrhea in humans. Several different serogroups of Shigella are described; S. flexneri belongs to group B. S. flexneri infections which can usually be treated with antibiotics, although some strains have become resistant. Less severe cases are not usually treated because they become more resistant in the future. Shigella are closely related to Escherichia coli, but can be differentiated from E.coli based on pathogenicity, physiology (failure to ferment lactose or decarboxylate lysine) and serology.
Ernest T. Attwell
Ernest Ten Eyck Attwell (March 2, 1877 – August 6, 1949) was an American college football coach. He was the third head football coach at Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama and he held that position for 11 seasons, from 1902 until 1912. His coaching record at Tuskegee was 31–17–4. He was born in New York in 1877. In addition to his coaching career, he served as business manager at Tuskegee University as an associate of Booker T. Washington. He also was director of the minority group at the National Recreational Association, the predecessor of the current National Recreation and Park Association.

He was married to Drusilla Nixon, a community activist and music educator. However, the couple were formally divorced in 1935 after a period of separation.

Attwell died of an apparent heart attack at Grand Central Terminal in August 1949.

National Recreation and Park Association
The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) is a not-for-profit organization focused on utilizing parks and recreation to build strong, vibrant and resilient communities. They invest in and champion the work of professionals in the field to advocate for positive change in service of equity, climate-readiness, and overall health and well-being. Their mission is "to advance parks, recreation, and conservation efforts that enhance the quality of life for all people."

NRPA has a network of more than 60,000 park and recreation professionals and advocates who represent the public spaces in both urban and rural environments. NRPA supports the field of parks and recreation in multiple ways including professional development, advocacy, grants and programs, research, and publications.
1911 Coronation Honours
The Coronation Honours 1911 for the British Empire were announced on 19 June 1911, to celebrate the Coronation of George V which was held on 22 June 1911.

The honours were covered in the press at the time, including in The Times on 20 June 1911, listing the formal announcements in the London Gazette on the previous day.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Imperial Service Order
The Imperial Service Order was established by King Edward VII in August 1902. It was awarded on retirement to the administration and clerical staff of the Civil Service throughout the British Empire for long and meritorious service. Normally a person must have served for 25 years to become eligible, but this might be shortened to 16 years for those serving in unhealthy climates abroad. There is one class: Companion. Both men and women are eligible, and recipients of this order are entitled to use the post-nominal letters 'ISO'.
Bunan language
Bunan, also known as Gahri, Ghara, Lahuli of Bunan, Boonan, Punan, Poonan, Erankad or Keylong Boli, is a Tibeto-Burman minority language, largely spoken in the Keylong block of Lahaul and Spiti district, in the northernmost region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The number of people speaking the language is only approximately 4,000 in India. The Tibeto-Burman language family consists of fourteen languages spoken in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and Bunan is assigned to the West Himalayish branch.

Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and one of the five major rivers associated with the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab then flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot.

The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals.
I Can Do That (Indian TV series)
I Can Do That is an Indian reality television series based on the American show of the same name. It was launched on 17 October 2015 on Zee TV. The series is produced by Essel Vision Productions. The series is the Indian adaptation of the American television series where participants would be challenged to showcase their skills on various tasks. The show is hosted by actor Farhan Akhtar.

Essel Vision Productions
Essel Vision Productions is an Indian company which produces Indian soap operas, reality TV, comedy, game shows, entertainment and factual programming in several Indian languages.

Essel Vision is promoted by Subhash Chandra and is a private company. Its most successful works till date include Sa Re Ga Ma Pa and Dance India Dance.