hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alea (Greek soldier)
According to the Etymologiae by Isidore of Seville, Alea was a Greek soldier of the Trojan War who invented the dicing game tabula. French sociologist Roger Caillois uses the term "alea" to designate those games which rely on luck rather than skill in Man, Play and Games. While Caillois notes the term is the Roman word for games of chance, Robert C. Bell suggests that the Greek game tabula, a precursor to modern backgammon, became more commonly known as "alea" "towards the end of the sixth century". However, games historian H. J. R. Murray asserts the shift in nomenclature was in the other direction and the game "alea" was later referred to as "tabula".

H. J. R. Murray
Harold James Ruthven Murray (24 June 1868 – 16 May 1955) was a British educationalist, inspector of schools, and prominent chess historian. His book, A History of Chess, is widely regarded as the most authoritative and  comprehensive history of the game.
Lutfullah Halimi
Lutfullah Halimi (Ottoman Turkish: لطف الله حليمى, romanized: Lutfullâh Halîmî, Persian: لطف الله حلیمی, romanized: Loṭf-Allāh Ḥalimi; died 1516) was an Ottoman poet and lexicographer of Persian origin.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Disa longicornu
Disa longicornu, the drip disa, is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs on Table Mountain and the Hottentots Holland Mountains. There are six subpopulations, they are located near hiking trails.

The flowers are in decline due to excessive picking by formal flower sellers as well as the informal sector.

Table Mountain
Table Mountain (Khoekhoe: Huriǂoaxa, lit. 'sea-emerging'; Afrikaans: Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa.

It is a significant tourist attraction, with many visitors either using the cableway or hiking to the top. The mountain has 2,285 plant species, of which around 80% are fynbos (Afrikaans for 'fine bush'). Table Mountain National Park is the most visited national park in South Africa, attracting 4.2 million people every year for various activities. It forms part of the lands formerly inhabited by Khoe-speaking clans, such as the !Uriǁʼaes (the "High Clan").

Table Mountain is home to a large array of mostly endemic flora and fauna. Its top rises about 1,000 m above the surrounding city, making the popular hike upwards on a large variety of different, often steep and rocky pathways a serious mountain tour which requires fitness, preparation and hiking equipment.
Friedrich Plaschke
Friedrich Plaschke (7 January 1875, Jaroměř – 4 February 1952) was a Czech operatic bass-baritone. From 1900 to 1937 he was a member of the Dresden Hofoper. He also appeared as a guest artist with companies in the United States, the Bayreuth Festival, and at the Royal Opera House in London.

At the Dresden Opera, he appeared in five Richard Strauss premieres: Feuersnot, Salome, Die ägyptische Helena, Die schweigsame Frau, and Arabella. He was married from 1911 to the soprano, Eva von der Osten, who in that year created the role of Octavian in Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier.

Bayreuth Festival
The Bayreuth Festival (German: Bayreuther Festspiele) is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of stage works by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented. Wagner himself conceived and promoted the idea of a special festival to showcase his own works, in particular his monumental cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and Parsifal.

Performances take place in a specially designed theatre, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. Wagner personally supervised the design and construction of the theatre, which contained many architectural innovations to accommodate the huge orchestras for which Wagner wrote as well as the composer's particular vision about the staging of his works. The Festival has become a pilgrimage destination for Wagnerians and classical-music enthusiasts.
Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly
The Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly (Russian: Оренбургское магометанское духовное собрание) was a state-controlled religious administration in the Russian Empire that had jurisdiction over certain aspects of Islamic activity in Siberia, the Volga-Ural region, and parts of Central Asia, including the Kazakh steppe. It was established in 1788 by order of Russian Empress Catherine II.

It was one of several religious bodies created in the Russian Empire, forming state-allied 'clergies' to manage non-Orthodox religions.

Kazakh Steppe
The Kazakh Steppe (Kazakh: Қазақ даласы, romanized: Qazaq dalasy [qɑˈzɑq dɑɫɑˈsə]), also known as the Great Steppe or Great Dala (Kazakh: Ұлы дала, romanized: Ūly dala [ʊˈɫɤ dɑˈɫɑ]), is a vast region of open grassland in Central Asia, covering areas in northern Kazakhstan and adjacent areas of Russia. It lies east of the Pontic–Caspian steppe and west of the Emin Valley steppe, with which it forms the central and western part of the Eurasian steppe. The Kazakh Steppe is an ecoregion of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome in the Palearctic realm. Before the mid-19th century, it was called the Kirghiz steppe, 'Kirghiz' being an old Russian word for the Kazakhs.
Green chromide
The green chromide (Etroplus suratensis) is a species of cichlid fish that is native to fresh and brackish water habitats in some parts in India such as Kerala, Goa, Chilika Lake in Odisha and Sri Lanka. The species was first described by Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1790. This species and other members of the genus Etroplus are relatively closely related to the Paretroplus cichlids from Madagascar.

Other common names include pearlspot cichlid, banded pearlspot, and striped chromide. In Kerala, it is known locally as karimeen. In Tamil Nadu, it is known locally as the pappan or pappa. In Goa, the fish is known as kalundar. In Odisha, the local name is kundal. In Sri Lanka this fish is known as Mal koraliya.

It has been introduced in various parts of the world outside its native range, including Singapore, where it occurs in estuaries. The Government of Kerala declared pearlspot as the official fish of Kerala.

Chilika Lake
Chilika Lake is the largest brackish water lagoon with estuarine character that sprawls along the east coast of Indian sub-continent in Asia and second largest coastal lagoon in the world, covering an area of over 1,100 square kilometres (420 sq mi).  It is spread over the Puri, Khordha and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal.

It has been listed as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage site. Its salinity varies by region, from freshwater where rivers flow in, to oceanic salinity levels due to tidal influx.
Tafito Lafaele
Tafito Lafaele (born 17 February 2001) is a New Zealand rugby league player. She made her Black Ferns test debut in 2022. She played for the Blues Women in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition and represented Auckland provincially. She joined the Brisbane Broncos NRLW squad in 2023, making her debut on August 27 against the Canberra Raiders.

Blues Women
The Blues Women (known as the nib Blues Women for sponsorship reasons) is a New Zealand professional women's rugby union team based in Auckland, New Zealand that competes in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. They played against a Chiefs women's side in the first-ever women's Super Rugby match in New Zealand in 2021. They won their first Super Rugby Aupiki title in 2024 and won it back-to-back the next season. The Blues also defeated the NSW Waratahs to claim the inaugural Super Rugby Women's Championship final in 2025.
Maryanne Lewis
Maryanne Lewis (born June 1, 1963) is an American businesswoman and former Massachusetts State Representative. In 2010, she ran unsuccessfully as an independent candidate for the US House of Representatives from the Massachusetts 10th district.

Massachusetts's 10th congressional district
Massachusetts's 10th congressional district is an obsolete district that was active during 1795–2013. It was first located in the District of Maine during 1795–1803, then located in several different areas of Massachusetts. It was most recently eliminated in 2013 as district lines were redrawn to accommodate the loss of the seat due to reapportionment as a result of the 2010 census.

At the time the district was eliminated, it included parts of the South Shore and all of the Cape and Islands. Effective with the 2012 House elections, most of the former district was placed in the 9th district, with some northern portions placed in the 8th district.

Notable persons elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the 10th congressional district include James Michael Curley, four-time Mayor of Boston, and John F. Fitzgerald, maternal grandfather of John F. Kennedy.
Mystery Science Theater 3000 (web series)
Mystery Science Theater 3000, also referred to as "The 'Bots Are Back!" is an Internet cartoon created by Best Brains, Inc. It was inspired by BBI's original Mystery Science Theater 3000 TV series, and was directed by former Executive Producer Jim Mallon. The series featured the robot characters from the original series in a variety of brief sketches taking place at an undetermined point during the original show's fictional timeline. However, no human character (Joel or Mike) is present.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Nashoba Valley Technical High School
Nashoba Valley Technical High School is a four-year, public regional vocational high school located on Route 110 in Westford, Massachusetts, United States. Following a $25 million renovation and expansion, its service area covers 14 communities including the seven District towns of Ayer, Chelmsford, Groton, Littleton, Pepperell, Shirley, Townsend and Westford.

Ayer, Massachusetts
Ayer (/ɛər/ AIR) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.  Originally part of Groton, it was incorporated February 14, 1871, and became a major commercial railroad junction. The town was home to Camp Stevens, a training camp for Massachusetts volunteers during the American Civil War. Later, Fort Devens was established by the federal government to train New England soldiers for World War I. Fort Devens is a major influence on the area, although it is considerably smaller than when it was first closed in the mid-1990s. The town's population was 8,479 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated places of Ayer and Devens.
Pat Gerber
Pat Gerber (17 March 1934 in Glasgow – 26 August 2006 in Glasgow) was a Scottish writer and author mainly known for her children's books.

She wrote several children books, including: Volume of Clowns: Children's Poems on the Circus (1990), The Ghost of Glenmellish (2001), Stranger on the River (2002), and To Catch a Thief (2003).

She also wrote a fiction book, Adventures on Cairngorm (2002) and two adult books: Maiden Voyage: Explorations (1992) and The Search for the Stone of Destiny (Canongate, 1992).  The latter was published again in paperback as Stone of Destiny in 1997.  She also contributed an article on the role of Kay Matheson in the taking of the Stone of Destiny from Westminster Abbey by Scottish nationalist students in 1953 to the literary magazine Chapman (1994).

She was the writer of a travel guide to Scotland, called Outdoors Scotland (2000), as well.

Canongate Books
Canongate Books (trading as Canongate) is an independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

It is named after the Canongate area of the city. It is most recognised for publishing the Booker Prize winning novel Life of Pi (2001). Canongate was named the British Book Awards Publisher of the Year in 2003 and 2009.
Rob Clarke (musician)
Rob Clarke is a British singer-songwriter. Described by AltSounds as 'more than just a man and a guitar' he is influenced by a range of genres including folk music, country music and psychedelic rock as well as formative experiences growing up in Liverpool, Nottingham, Huddersfield, Skipton and Aberdeen.

AltSounds
AltSounds is a video streaming site. It began as an Internet publication devoted to music criticism and commentary, music news, and artist interviews. Its focus is on alternative music. In 2015 it changed format to providing video playlists only.
Volkameria
Volkameria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution. Many of the species are found in coastal habitats.

The species of Volkameria are mostly shrubs, sometimes subshrubs or lianas, rarely small trees. The stems have swollen nodes. The flowers are usually fragrant. The fruit matures black or brown, separating into four corky pyrenes.

Volkameria aculeata and Volkameria glabra are grown as ornamentals in the tropics. Volkameria heterophylla is also known in cultivation. Volkameria inermis is planted as a sand binder.

Ripening
Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, fruit becomes sweeter, less green, and softer as it ripens. Even though the acidity of fruit increases as it ripens, the higher acidity level does not make the fruit seem tarter. This effect is attributed to the Brix-Acid Ratio. Climacteric fruits ripen after harvesting and so some fruits for market are picked green (e.g. bananas and tomatoes).

Underripe fruits are also fibrous, not as juicy, and have tougher outer flesh than ripe fruits (see Mouth feel). Eating unripe fruit can sometimes lead to stomachache or stomach cramps, and ripeness affects the palatability of fruit.
God Has Nothing to Do with This Leave Him Out of It
God Has Nothing to Do with This Leave Him Out of It is the second studio album by Zambian-Canadian rapper Backxwash. It was self-released on May 28, 2020, through Grimalkin Records. Production was primarily handled by Backxwash herself, along with Fatherfake, Skin, and Will Owen Bennett, who are featured on the project as well as Black Dresses and Malldate. The album won the 2020 Polaris Music Prize.

2020 Polaris Music Prize
The 2020 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on October 19, 2020. The longlist was announced on June 15, 2020, with the shortlist following on July 15, 2020 and the winner announced on October 19, 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional winner's gala did not take place this year, and instead a special cinematic tribute to the shortlist was streamed online by CBC Music and CBC Gem, following which the winner was announced.

The award was won by Backxwash for the album God Has Nothing to Do With This Leave Him Out of It.

The livestreamed presentation received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Live Production for Social Media at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards.
Sadie J
Sadie J is a British children's television comedy-drama series about a girl named Sadie Jenkins, who is described as "the only girl in a boys' world" because she is surrounded by her Dad Steve, his apprentice Keith, her brother Danny, his best friend Jake and their dog Roger. It is produced by the BBC and airs on the CBBC Channel. The show premiered on 14 January 2011 and produced three series, with the final episode aired on 27 March 2013. As of September 2013, Sadie J is now shown in the United States on the Starz Kids & Family cable network.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
El Maâmoura
El Maâmoura is a town and commune located in the peninsula of Cap Bon in the Nabeul Governorate, Tunisia. In 2004, it had a population of 6,619.

The city took its name from a nearby cape, Ras Maâmoura, though the town is mostly famous with tourists for its long beach sandy beach.

An extensive salt march of 94 ha, the Sebkhet Sidi Ahmed Ben Daoued is, with a string of 3 other ones stretching to the North of Korba, part of a 504 ha protected ecosystem classified as RAMSAR site TN 014 and an Important Bird Area (IBO) by BirdLife.

Every summer, the city hosts a multicultural festival called Festival of Sidi Ben Daoud.

The municipality of Maamoura is known for collaboration with civil society organizations.

Nabeul Governorate
Nabeul Governorate (Tunisian Arabic: ولاية نابل Wilāyat Nābil Tunisian pronunciation: [ˈnɛːbɪl]; French: Gouvernorat de Nabeul) is one of the 24 governorates of Tunisia. It is situated in north-eastern Tunisia. It covers an area of 2,788 km2 and has a population of 863,172 (2024 census). The capital is Nabeul.

Nabeul Governorate forms a peninsula which is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on three sides. On the south-west side it is delimited by the three governorates of Zaghouan, Sousse and Ben Arous.
Tachibana-dera
Tachibana-dera (橘寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the village of  Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the  Tendai sect and its honzon is a statue of Prince Shōtoku.  The temple's full name is Butsuzan Jogū Koin Bodaiji (仏頭山上宮皇院菩提寺).The name "Tachibana-dera" comes from a legend that a sapling of the tachibana fruit of immortality that Tajimamori brought back the from the magical land of Tokoyo no kuni during the reign of Emperor Suinin was planted at this location.The precincts of the temple have been protected as a designated a National Historic Site since 1966.

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
Conquistadors (TV series)
Conquistadors (2000) is a documentary retelling of the story of the Spanish expeditions of conquest of the Americas. In this 4-part series historian Michael Wood travels in the footsteps of the Spanish expeditions, from Amazonia to Lake Titicaca, and from the deserts of North Mexico to the heights of Machu Picchu.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Islam Abdelkader
Islam Abdelkader  (born (1994-02-09)9 February 1994) is an Egyptian male volleyball player. He was part of the Egypt men's national volleyball team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Poland. He played for El-Gaish.

2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship was held in Poland from 30 August to 21 September 2014. The tournament featured 24 teams to determine the world champions in men's volleyball. In addition to the host nation Poland, 23 teams qualified for the tournament through continental and regional competitions. The matches took place in seven venues across seven Polish cities, with the final being played at Spodek, Katowice.

The tournament was won by the hosts Poland, who beat Brazil (who had won the previous three titles) in the final. Poland became the third team in the history of the competition to be crowned as champions in their own country, joining the Soviet Union (1952 and 1962) and Czechoslovakia (1966).

563,263 fans watched the matches during the 18-day event, smashing the previous records in the competition. In Italy four years earlier, the total was 339,324, while in Japan in 2006, it was 298,352.
Canton of Villemomble
The canton of Villemomble is an administrative division of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Villemomble.

It consists of the following communes:

Neuilly-Plaisance

Le Raincy

Villemomble

Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the Île-de-France region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny.

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes. In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.