hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Broken windows theory
In criminology, the broken windows theory states that visible signs of crime, antisocial behavior and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder, including serious crimes. The theory suggests that policing methods that target minor crimes, such as vandalism, loitering, public drinking and fare evasion, help to create an atmosphere of order and lawfulness.

The theory was introduced in an article started in 1981 and published in 1982 by conservative think-tank social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling. It was popularized in the 1990s by New York City police commissioner William Bratton, whose policing policies were influenced by the theory.

The theory became subject to debate both within the social sciences and the public sphere. Broken windows policing has been enforced with controversial police practices, such as the frequent use of stop-and-frisk in New York City in the decade up to 2013.

More Guns, Less Crime
More Guns, Less Crime is a book by John R. Lott Jr. that says violent crime rates go down when states pass "shall issue" concealed carry laws. In the third and latest edition, he presents the results of his statistical analysis of crime data for every county in the United States during 29 years from 1977 to 2005.  Each edition of the book was refereed by the University of Chicago Press. As of 2019, the book is no longer published by the University of Chicago Press. The book examines city, county and state level data from the entire United States and measures the impact of 13 different types of gun control laws on crime rates. The book expands on an earlier study published in 1997 by Lott and his co-author David Mustard in The Journal of Legal Studies and by Lott and his co-author John Whitley in The Journal of Law and Economics, October 2001.
Maru Pradesh
Maru Pradesh is a geographical, cultural, social, economic, political and linguistic region of the Thar Desert in the Northwest India. It is also a proposed state in India with its proposed capital being Jodhpur, the largest city of Maru Pradesh. It would be carved out from the state of Rajasthan. The proposed state would consist the districts of Jalore, Balotra, Barmer, Sanchore, Sirohi, Didwana Kuchaman, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur, Jodhpur Rural, Nagaur, Pali, Phalodi, Anupgarh, Sikar, Churu, Sri Ganganagar, Beawar.

Balotra district
Balotra district is a district of Rajasthan state of India. This district came into existence on 7 August 2023 by separating from Barmer district.

Balotra's district headquarters is Balotra town. Balotra district is bordered by Jaisalmer district in the north, Jodhpur Rural district in the east, Pali, Jalore district in the south and Barmer  district in the west. The area of Balotra district is 10,551 sq km. The total population of Balotra district is 9,70,760.
Akiko Sugiyama
Akiko C. Bedor Sugiyama is a Palauan politician, and widow of Palauan senator Peter Sugiyama. As late as 1995, she was the only woman who had ever been elected to the Palau National Congress. In 2005, she was elected governor of Ngardmau in a special election after the impeachment of Schwartz Tudong over the misuse of public funds. Along with Vicky Kanai of Airai, she was the first woman to be elected governor of any of the states of Palau.

Airai
Airai, located on the southern coast of Babeldaob island, is the second-most populous state of Palau, and the most populous on Babeldaob. It contains the country's chief airport, Roman Tmetuchl International Airport, and is connected by the Koror–Babeldaob Bridge to nearby Koror Island.
Forsyth Residential Historic District
The Forsyth Residential Historic District, in Forsyth, Montana, is a 21 acres (8.5 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

The district included 107 contributing buildings and is roughly bounded by Cedar St., 11th Ave., Willow St., 12th Ave., Oak St., and 14th Ave.

It includes examples of Colonial Revival, Bungalow/craftsman, and Queen Anne architecture.

Its NRHP nomination asserts:

The district comprises a cohesive residential neighborhood containing a relatively high level of integrity and possessing many of Forsyth's finest residential buildings. The area's quiet, inviting avenues host a diverse grouping of late 19th and early 20th century homes, displaying an accurate visual chronology of the evolution of Forsyth's residential building forms.

Forsyth, Montana
Forsyth is a city in and the county seat of Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,647 at the 2020 census.  Forsyth was established in 1876 as the first settlement on the Yellowstone River, and in 1882 residents named the town after General James William Forsyth who commanded Fort Maginnis, Montana during the Indian Wars and the 7th Cavalry at the Wounded Knee Massacre. The town has long been a transportation nexus, starting with steamboats on the river and progressing to the Northern Pacific Railway and Interstate 94.
Sir William Sackville
Sir William Sackville (c.1570–1592) was an English army officer in the service of Henry IV of France, who knighted him. He was the third son of Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset.

In the expedition of Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, Sackville
arrived in France in September 1589, and was knighted shortly. He then served under François de La Noue, near Paris. He was wounded and lost his horse at the Siege of Paris in 1590.

Sackville was killed in the 1592 campaign of Henry IV, in which Spanish forces under the Duke of Parma made a landing in northern France early in the year. He was killed, or taken, in fighting near Bures on 14 February. John Ross of the Inner Temple, as a law student of the early 1590s, wrote a long commemorative poem for Sackville.

Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (12 October 1555 in Wesel – 25 June 1601) was the son of Katherine Willoughby, 12th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, and Richard Bertie. His first marriage was to Mary de Vere, daughter of John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford.
Bertie was Lady Willoughby de Eresby's second husband, the first being Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. Peregrine Bertie's half-brothers, Henry and Charles Brandon, died as teenagers four years before his birth. His sister Susan married the Earl of Kent and then the nephew of Bess of Hardwick. Owing to religious politics, his parents had to move outside England and the boy was born at Wesel on the River Rhine.
Time in Slovakia
In Slovakia, the standard time is Central European Time (UTC+01:00). Daylight saving time is observed from the last Sunday in March (02:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (03:00 CEST). This is shared with several other EU member states.

Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to adjust clocks ahead of standard time by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").

In many countries, the part of the year when DST is observed is much longer than the part aligned to standard time. The practice of DST was first tested in the early 20th century. Many countries, such as Russia and Mexico, have abandoned DST entirely.
Hyposmocoma tenuipalpis
Hyposmocoma tenuipalpis is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Molokai. The type locality is the forest above Pelekunu.

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Newtown, El Dorado County, California
38°42′16″N 120°40′45″W﻿ / ﻿38.70444°N 120.67917°W﻿ / 38.70444; -120.67917

Newtown (formerly, New town) is a small unincorporated community in El Dorado County, California, United States. It is located 2.25 miles (3.6 km) south of Camino, at an elevation of 2447 feet (746 m). The ZIP code is 95667. The community is inside area code 530.

A post office operated at Newtown from 1854 to 1912, with a closure in 1875.

Notable residents have included John Augustus Raffetto, father of radio star Michael Raffetto.  The Raffetto home is now a bed and breakfast and offers a room in the name of that family.

Camino, California
Camino (Spanish for "Path") is a census-designated place in El Dorado County, California, and, per the 2020 census, has a population of 1,871. According to the USGS, it lies at an elevation of 3133 feet (955 m.), but the elevation actually ranges between 3,000 and 3,500 feet. Being well more than half a mile above sea level, it snows several times per year in the community. Nearby cities and towns include Pollock Pines, Placerville, Diamond Springs, El Dorado, Grizzly Flats, Somerset, Coloma, Garden Valley, Cameron Park, Shingle Springs, and Lotus.

Camino is a popular area in the fall for apple picking. As a result, Camino is often incorrectly mistaken as Apple Hill. It is also known for its many Christmas tree farm ranches and the annual Apple Hill Run.

Camino is located about halfway between Sacramento and South Lake Tahoe on U.S. Route 50. Its first post office opened in 1904. The ZIP code is 95709. The Camino community is inside area code 530.
Gholamreza Rezvani
Gholamreza Rezvani (Persian: غلامرضا رضوانی; September 24, 1922 – April 19, 2013) was a member of the Council of Guardians in the Islamic Republic of Iran.  He believed in literal interpretation of Quran, hadith, and sunnah and has argued that there is "no substitute" for stoning adulterers.

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Herborn (Dillkr) station
Herborn (Dillkreis) station is a railway station in the town of Herborn in the German state of Hesse on the Dill Railway (built as part of the former Deutz–Gießen railway). The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn (DB) as a category 4 station.

Deutz–Gießen railway
The Deutz–Gießen railway is a line between Deutz and Gießen that was built from the late 1850s to connect the Ruhr and the Rhine-Main area, now parts of the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse. The line still exists, but little traffic still runs over the whole of the historical route. It now forms the northern part of the Sieg Railway between Cologne Deutz station and Betzdorf, the Heller Valley Railway between Betzdorf and Haiger and the southern part of the Dill Railway between Haiger and Gießen.
Central Township, Franklin County, Missouri
Central Township is an inactive township in Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

This Township contains the communities of Anaconda, Lake St. Clair, Benson Tourist City, Parkway, St. Clair, Piney Park, and Moselle

Central Township was named for its location near the geographical center of Franklin County.

Piney Park, Missouri
Piney Park or Piney Bluff Park is a community in Franklin County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route K approximately four miles southeast of Saint Clair.

The site was established as a resort area on a bluff above the Meramec River.
The Anita Bryant Story
The Anita Bryant Story: The Survival of Our Nation's Families and the Threat of Militant Homosexuality is a 1977 book by Anita Bryant, in which the author provides an account of her evangelical Christian campaign against a gay rights ordinance in Dade County, Florida. The claims Bryant makes about homosexuality in the book have been described as false and unscholarly in nature.

National Review
National Review is an American conservative editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955. National Review's editor-in-chief is Rich Lowry, and its editor is Ramesh Ponnuru.

Since its founding, the magazine has played a significant role in the development of conservatism in the United States, helping to define its boundaries and promoting fusionism while establishing itself as a leading voice on the American right. While National Review is generally supportive of Republican politicians and policy priorities, the magazine has been critical of President Donald Trump since the 2016 presidential election.
Moji (TV network)
PT Omni Intivision (formerly known as PT Gendis Citrarahayu), operated as Moji, stylized as mOȷı, previously O Channel, is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster. It was founded by Emtek and MRA Media. In 2007, MRA Media sold its stake in O Channel to Emtek. Initially, it broadcast as a local station in Jakarta. Its primary audience is adults age 18–30.

Moji was an official broadcaster of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, along with SCTV, Indosiar and Mentari TV. In August 2022, O Channel replaced their digital on-screen graphic with an #OCPamit countdown, signaling the channel's rebranding.

The channel's content includes live sports, known as Si Jago Voli TV, often broadcasting international, regional, and local volleyball tournaments. English Premier League, Liga 2 Indonesia, and other sports are also featured.

Moji alongside SCTV were official broadcasters for the 2024 Summer Olympics, with Moji mostly airing volleyball events.

Championship (Indonesia)
The Championship, officially known as the Pegadaian Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the I-League. The competition started in 2017 after PSSI changed the previous competition Liga Indonesia Premier Division (Indonesian: Divisi Utama Liga Indonesia).

Originally, the Premier Division was the top-tier division when it was first established in 1994 and only became the second tier in 2008 when its place in the top flight was replaced by the newly formed Indonesia Super League. The competition is usually divided into several groups because of factors in terms of geography and number of participants.
Filare
Filare is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Gavorrano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 439.

Filare is about 35 km from Grosseto and 2 km from Gavorrano, and it is situated along the Provincial Road between Gavorrano and the plain of the town of Bagno. The small town was born in the late 19th century with the development of the mining activities.

Grosseto
Grosseto (Italian pronunciation: [ɡrosˈseːto] ⓘ) is a city and a comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, capital of the province of Grosseto. It is the most populous city of Maremma region and southern Tuscany.

Located at the center of the Maremma region, the city was born on the right bank of the Ombrone river, near the Tyrrhenian Sea. The first center raised in the Middle Ages, following the end of the ancient city of Rusellae. Since the 19th century has had a great economic and demographic development, which makes it an important city for services, agriculture and as a seaside resort.

The comune of Grosseto, with 82,284 inhabitants, includes the frazioni of Marina di Grosseto, Roselle, Principina a Mare, Principina Terra, Montepescali, Braccagni, Istia d'Ombrone, Batignano, Alberese and Rispescia.
Henri Kivioja
Henri Kivioja (born 20 June 1986) is a Finnish professional ice hockey right winger. He is currently a free agent having last played for IPK of Mestis.

Kivioja played three games for SaiPa during the 2007–08 SM-liiga season.

SaiPa
Saimaan Pallo (SaiPa) is an ice hockey team in the Finnish Liiga. They play their home games at Kisapuisto in Lappeenranta, Finland.
SaiPa has many nicknames, such as "The Sputniks", "Sputnik", "Miracle of the East" and "Eastern Giant."

SaiPa play home games in the yellow shirt, black pants, yellow socks, and a black helmet. 
SaiPa play away games in mostly the same uniform as the home games, but also have a black version of the jersey.
Rides (American TV series)
Rides is an automotive reality television show produced for the TLC Network in the United States. The show's host is the automobile enthusiast and amateur racer Jason Priestley. Rides began in summer 2004 and became TLC's highest-rated series of the year.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Gilead station
The Former Gilead Railroad Station is the oldest known railroad depot in the state of Maine, and the oldest known on the former Grand Trunk Railway.  It is located in the center of Gilead, Maine, in northwestern Oxford County, not far from where it originally stood when built in 1851.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, when it was located in Auburn.  It was delisted in 2024, and soon after relisted at its present location.  It is now maintained by the Gilead Historical Society.

Oxford County, Maine
Oxford County is a county in the state of Maine, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 57,777. Its county seat is the town of Paris. The county was formed on March 4, 1805, by the Massachusetts General Court in the Maine District from northerly portions of York and Cumberland counties. It borders the Canadian province of Quebec.
Vakha Agaev
Vakha Abuevich Agaev (15 March 1953 – 23 September 2020) was a Russian politician, who, since 2011, had been a Member of the State Duma, representing the Krasnoyarsk region. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. He also served as Deputy Chairman of the State Duma committee on property.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).
Mila Nikolich
Mila Nikolich (also spelled Nikolić; born 7 April 1971), is a Serbian former professional basketball player. She played for the Abilene Christian Wildcats at the collegiate level. Later, she played for the Houston Comets of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), with who she won a WNBA championship with. She then played overseas.

WNBA Finals
The WNBA Finals is the championship series of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and the conclusion of the league's postseason each fall. The series was named the WNBA Championship until 2002.

The series is played between the winners of the playoff semifinals. At the conclusion of the championship round, the winner of the WNBA Finals is presented the championship trophy. The WNBA Finals has been played at the conclusion of every WNBA season in history, the first being held in 1997.

From 2005 to 2024, the winner of the WNBA Finals was determined through a 2–2–1 format. The first, second, and fifth games of the series were played at the arena of the team who earned home court advantage by having the better record during the regular season. Beginning in 2025, the Finals switched to a best-of-seven series with a 2–2–1–1–1 format similar to the NBA Finals.
Alexandros Garpozis
Alexandros Garpozis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Γαρπόζης; born September 5, 1980) is retired Cypriot football midfielder. During his career he played for Anorthosis, Skoda Xanthi, PAOK, AEL Limassol, Apollon Limassol, AEZ Zakakiou, AEP Paphos and AEK Kouklia.

AEZ Zakakiou
Athletic Union of Zakaki (Greek: Αθλητική Ένωση Ζακακίου) is a Cypriot football club based in Zakaki, Limassol. The club was founded in 1956. Their colours are green and white and they play at Zakaki Municipal Stadium, but are currently playing at the larger Ammochostos Stadium in Larnaca.
Stephen G. R. Brown
Stephen G. R. Brown FICME FIMMM FLSW is a materials scientist and head of the Materials Research Centre at Swansea University.

Brown is a specialist in computational materials whose work has centred on writing code in finite element, finite difference, cellular automata, Monte Carlo method and data analysis techniques. He has had research collaborations with industry including relationships with Rolls-Royce and Airbus. In 2010 he took over the role as the head of the Materials Research Centre, which was previously held buy Professor Valerie Randle.

He is currently the Director of Eidawn Software Ltd., in Swansea.

Brown's main research areas are in solidification, heat transfer, computational fluid dynamics, microstructure evolution, and granular flow.

In 2017, Brown was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.