hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Janusz Jankowski
Janusz Jankowski is a doctor, educationalist and scientist of Scottish Polish origin. He is an expert in Social and Healthcare Policy, Academic Management and Global Research and Education Networks. He was formerly in previous senior management roles including Deputy Vice Chancellor of Research and Innovation, Pro Vice Chancellor Research, Vice Dean Research and the Sir James Black Professorship.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Muzart Pass
The Muzart Pass, Muz-art Pass, or Muzat Pass (Chinese: 木扎尔特达坂) is a high mountain pass that crosses the Tian Shan mountains in Xinjiang, China. It connects the city of Aksu in Tarim Basin with the city of Yining (Kulja) in the upper Ili River valley. It is located on the county boundary between Zhaosu County in Ili Prefecture and Baicheng County in Aksu Prefecture. The route over Muzart Pass is more commonly referred to as Xiata Trail (Chinese: 夏塔古道)  or Xiate Trail (Chinese: 夏特古道) by the Chinese, Xiata being the name of the village in Tekes River valley at the base on the northern side of the route.

China National Highway 219 is in the process of being extended to cross Tian Shan connecting Zhaosu County with Wensu County in Tarim Basin. There are two routes under investigation -- the western and shorter route will traverse Muzart Pass.

Ili River
The Ili River is a river in northwestern China and southeastern Kazakhstan. It flows from the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region to the Almaty Region in Kazakhstan.

It is 1,439 kilometres (894 mi) long (including its source river the Tekes), 815 kilometres (506 mi) of which is in Kazakhstan. The river originates from the Tekes and Künes rivers in Eastern Tian Shan. The Ili drains the basin between the Tian Shan and the Borohoro Mountains. Flowing into Lake Balkhash (in the endorheic Balkhash-Alakol Basin), the Ili forms a large delta with vast wetland regions of lakes, marshes and vegetation.
Liv and Maddie
Liv and Maddie is an American comedy television series created by John D. Beck and Ron Hart. It premiered on Disney Channel on July 19, 2013, and concluded after four seasons on March 24, 2017, with the episode "End-a-Rooney", which was also the series' eightieth episode. The series stars Dove Cameron, Joey Bragg, Tenzing Norgay Trainor, Kali Rocha, Benjamin King, and Lauren Lindsey Donzis.

A significant feature of the series is that Dove Cameron plays dual roles, one being Liv, an actress who has returned to her home after starring on a popular television series in Hollywood for four years, and the other one being Maddie, Liv's identical twin who remained behind. Another significant feature of the series are documentary-style cutaways where characters speak to the viewers to explain their opinions on various situations in each episode.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Exoneurella
Exoneurella is a genus of bees in the family Apidae and the tribe Allodapini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1963 by American entomologist Charles Duncan Michener. The genus is closely related to Exoneura, the reed bees. Michener says of the behavioural differences:

Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.
Sten Allan Olsson
Sten Allan Olsson (28 October 1916 – 12 July 2013) was a Swedish billionaire businessman, the founder, CEO and owner of Stena Sphere.

Sten Allan Olsson was born on 28 October 1916, on Donsö, in the Gothenburg archipelago, the son of a schooner owner and captain. He was educated at Ljungskile Folk High School, followed by a commercial college in Gothenburg.

Olsson started a Gothenburg metals and rubber trading company in 1939, at the start of the Second World War, and moved into freight shipping. He founded the ferry company Stena Line in 1962, initially on the Gothenburg-Skagen route.

He died on 12 July 2013.

He married Birgit Andersson in 1944, and they had three children.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Esteva
Esteva is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Esteva Salinas (born 1964), Mexican politician

Antonio Baldellou-Esteva (born 1981), Spanish tennis coach and former player

Gustavo Esteva (1936–2022), Mexican activist

Jacinto Esteva Grewe (1936-1985), Spanish film director

Jean-Pierre Esteva (1880–1951), French naval officer

Joan Esteva (born 1973), Spanish soccer coach and former player

Luis Andrés Esteva (born 1951), Mexican politician

Manuel A. Esteva (1878–1936), Mexican diplomat

Maurus Esteva Alsina (1933–2014), Spanish Cistercian abbot

Santiago Esteva (born 1952), Spanish swimmer

Alberto Esteva Salinas
Alberto Esteva Salinas (born 28 November 1964) is a Mexican politician from the Citizens' Movement. From 2006 to 2009, he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Oaxaca.
Stuart Alexander (murderer)
Stuart Charles Alexander (March 22, 1961 – December 27, 2005), nicknamed "the Sausage King," was an American businessman, political candidate and murderer.  Alexander was the owner of the Santos Linguisa Factory in San Leandro, California, a family business which was founded by Alexander's aunt, Pia Santos, and her husband, Antonio, in San Leandro, California, in 1921. In 2004, Alexander was convicted of the murders of three state and USDA meat compliance officials in 2000.

Family business
Family business is a type of commercial organization in which management decisions are made or influenced by multiple generations of a family, related by blood, marriage or adoption, who have both the ability to influence the vision of the business and the willingness to use this ability to pursue distinctive goals. They are closely identified with the firm through leadership or ownership. Owner-manager entrepreneurial firms are not considered to be family businesses because they lack the multi-generational dimension and family influence that create the unique dynamics and relationships of family businesses.
Undavalli Caves
The Undavalli Caves are monolithic Indian rock-cut architecture, located in Guntur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The caves are located south west of Vijayawada. They were carved out of solid sandstone hills in the 4th–5th centuries CE, primarily during the Vishnukundina dynasty era. It is one of the centrally protected Monuments of National Importance.

Krishna River
The Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau is the third-longest in India, after the Ganga and Godavari. It is also the fourth-largest in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganga, Indus and Godavari. The river, also called the Krishnaveni, is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long and flows for 282 kilometres in Maharashtra. It is a major source of irrigation in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Richard Greenwell
J. Richard Greenwell (1942 – November 1, 2005) was a cryptozoologist and explorer. He participated in expeditions to look for mysterious creatures or cryptids. He was the secretary for the International Society for Cryptozoology from its inception to his death.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Dog Land (attraction)
Dog Land was an eight-acre tourist attraction consisting entirely of different breeds of dog that was open from 1960 to 1974 near Chiefland, Florida. It was conceptualized by Bob Shetterly, Vincenzo Calvaresi, and C.J. Wade, head of the Lexington Kennel Club.

Chiefland, Florida
Chiefland is a city in Levy County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,316 at the 2020 census, up from 2,245 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Prix d'Europe
The Prix d'Europe (French pronunciation: [pʁi døʁɔp]) is a Canadian study grant that is funded by the Ministère des Affaires culturelles du Québec of the Government of Quebec. Established in 1911, the award has been distributed annually to a single individual through competition with the exception of 1960-1973 and 2009 when there was a potential for 2 prizes each year and 1971 when no prize was given. Winners of the grant are given a cash prize towards furthering their musical education abroad in Europe. Past winners of the prize include a large number of notable Canadian musicians.

Grant (money)
A grant is a fund given by a person or organization, often a public body, charitable foundation, a specialised grant-making institution, or in some cases a business with a corporate social responsibility mission, to an individual or another entity, usually, a non-profit organisation, sometimes a business or a local government body, for a specific purpose linked to public benefit. A funding agreement is often used to reflect the funding and funded parties' understanding of the purpose for which the grant has been given. Unlike loans, grants are not intended to be paid back. Examples include student grants, research grants, the Sovereign Grant paid by the UK Treasury to the monarch, and some European Regional Development Fund payments in the European Union.
Bonificateur
A bonificateur (from French, "improver", also known as typage or bouquetier) is a substance or mixture used in the production of alcohol drinks to improve its overall quality, flavor, and smoothness. The term is used in multiple production processes, including manufacturing of French Cognac, South African brandy, and German Weinbrand.

Bonificateurs can range from traditional additions of reserved, very old spirits used to add depth, to modern additives such as sugar (dosage), coloring, or flavoring extracts. Specific additives can include extracts from fruit (like prunes or plums), vanilla, or wood and nuts (like oak chips, green walnuts, and roasted almond shells).

Prune
A prune is a dried plum, most commonly from the European plum (Prunus domestica) tree. Not all plum species or varieties can be dried into prunes. Use of the term prune for fresh plums is obsolete except when applied to varieties of plum grown for drying. In this usage, a prune is the firm-fleshed plum fruit of P. domestica varieties that have a high soluble solids content and do not ferment during drying.

Most prunes are freestone cultivars (i.e., the pit is easy to remove), whereas most plums grown for fresh consumption are clingstone (the pit is more difficult to remove). The sorbitol content of dietary fiber likely provides the laxative effect associated with consuming prunes. Prunes are 64% carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, 2% protein, a rich source of vitamin K, and a moderate source of B vitamins and dietary minerals.
Cross-country skiing at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's 50 kilometre classical
The women's 50 kilometre classical competition in cross-country skiing at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 22 February, at the Cross country and biathlon center Fabio Canal in Tesero. This was the first time women's 50 kilometre, of any style, had been contested at the Olympics. The distance replaced the women's 30 kilometre, contested previously.

Ebba Andersson of Sweden won the event which became her first Olympic gold medal, after getting silver medals at all distance events at these Olympics. Heidi Weng of Norway won the silver medal, and Nadja Kälin of Switzerland won bronze.

Tesero
Tésero (Tiézer in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located in the Val di Fiemme about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Trento.

The municipality of Tesero contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Lago, Stava and Alpe di Pampeago.

Tesero borders the following municipalities: Deutschnofen, Predazzo, Panchià, Cavalese, Pieve Tesino and Ville di Fiemme.

The 1985 Val di Stava dam collapse killed 268 people in Tesero.
Pride Sports FC
Pride Sports Football Club was an Indian professional football club based in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Pride Sports competed as a member of the I-League 2nd Division, the then second tier of football in India. They also played in the Madhya Pradesh Premier League. The club played their home matches at Ravishankar Shukla Stadium in Jabalpur.

Madhya Pradesh Premier League
The Madhya Pradesh Premier League is the top-tier state club league in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is organised by Madhya Pradesh Football Association (MPFA).

The inaugural season kicked off on 10 January 2021, with 8 teams competing for the maiden title. On 27 January 2021, Madan Maharaj FC became the  champions of the inaugural edition by defeating Lion's Club 2–0 in the final.
Missouri Conservationist
The Missouri Conservationist is a monthly periodical published by the Missouri Department of Conservation.  It was first published in 1938 by the department's predecessor, the Missouri Conservation Commission.  The magazine focuses on educating the general public on issues pertaining to the conservation and management of Missouri's natural resources.

The magazine is free to all residents of the State of Missouri. The cost of its production and postage is supported by a portion of the statewide conservation sales tax. Non-residents can subscribe for a fee. All issues since July 1995 are published online by the Missouri Department of Conservation. Angie Daly Morfeld is the editor as of July 2017. The magazine has an ISSN number of 0026-6515.

Sales tax
A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase.

When a tax on goods or services is paid to a governing body directly by a consumer, it is usually called a use tax. Often laws provide for the exemption of certain goods or services from sales and use tax, such as food, education, and medicines. A value-added tax (VAT) collected on goods and services is related to a sales tax. See Comparison with sales tax for key differences.
Sjölander
Sjölander is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jonas Sjölander (born 1965), Swedish curler

Therese Sjölander (born 1981), Swedish ice hockey player

Waldemar Sjölander (1908–1988), Swedish painter

Waldemar Sjölander
Gustav Waldemar Sjölander Johnson (January 6, 1908 – March 18, 1988) was a Swedish painter, printmaker and sculptor, who developed most of his career in Mexico. He immigrated to the country just after World War II, after establishing himself as an artist in his native Sweden. His career included individual exhibitions in venues such as the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico and the Konstakademin in Sweden, with his works held by museums in Mexico and Europe.
The Common Law (1916 film)
The Common Law is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Albert Capellani and starring Clara Kimball Young, Conway Tearle, and Paul Capellani. It was made at Fort Lee and distributed by the newly formed Selznick Pictures. Shortly afterwards the company switched production to Hollywood.

Albert Capellani
Albert Capellani (23 August 1874 – 26 September 1931) was a French film director and screenwriter of the silent era. He directed films between 1905 and 1922. One of his brothers was the actor-sculptor Paul Capellani, and his son was a film director Roger Capellani.
Palauan English
Palauan English is an emergent dialect of English spoken by the Palauan people. The dialect arose after the arrival of American and Filipino migrants to Palau in 1962. It bears many similarities with Philippine English in phonology, morphology and syntax and has many Palauan, Japanese and Tagalog borrowings.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Red Hale
E. "Red" Hale is an American former Negro league shortstop who played in the 1930s.

Hale made his Negro leagues debut in 1937 with the Detroit Stars and played for the Chicago American Giants in 1939. In 28 recorded career games, he posted 25 hits with three home runs in 108 plate appearances.

Detroit Stars (1937)
The Detroit Stars were a major Negro league baseball team that played in the Negro American League for one season in 1937.  They were a charter member of the NAL, but the team disbanded prior to the 1938 season. This was an entirely different organization from the original Detroit Stars.

This version of the Stars played their home games at DeQuindre Park.
2017 FAI Cup final
The 2017 FAI Cup final was the final match of the 2017 FAI Cup, the national association football cup of the Republic of Ireland. The match took place on Sunday 5 November 2017 at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin,  and was contested by Cork City and Dundalk.		
The match was a repeat of the 2015, and 2016 finals.

The match was broadcast live on RTÉ Two and RTÉ Two HD in Ireland, and via the RTÉ Player worldwide with commentary from George Hamilton.

Cork City won on penalties after the game finished 1–1, including extra time, with Kieran Sadlier scoring the winning penalty.

RTÉ2
RTÉ2 (formerly known as Network 2, N2 and RTÉ Two) is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by RTÉ. It was launched on 2 November 1978 as Ireland's second television channel, at which point the pre-existing channel was renamed RTÉ 1 (currently RTÉ One).
The channel airs content aimed at 16-45 year-olds.
Ross Dependency
The Ross Dependency is a region of Antarctica defined by a sector originating at the South Pole, passing along longitudes 160° east to 150° west, and terminating at latitude 60° south. It is claimed by New Zealand, a claim mutually accepted only by Australia, the UK, France and Norway, which are countries that also have territorial claims in Antarctica. Under the 1961 Antarctic Treaty, of which all territorial claimants are signatories, including New Zealand, all claims are held in abeyance.  Article IV states: "No acts or activities taking place while the present Treaty is in force shall constitute a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica or create any rights of sovereignty in Antarctica".

The Dependency takes its name from Sir James Clark Ross, who discovered the Ross Sea and includes part of Victoria Land, and most of the Ross Ice Shelf. Ross, Balleny, Scott and Roosevelt Islands also form part of the Dependency.

Circular sector
A circular sector, also known as circle sector or disk sector or simply a sector (symbol: ⌔), is the portion of a disk (a closed region bounded by a circle) enclosed by two radii and an arc, with the smaller area being known as the minor sector and the larger being the major sector. In the diagram, θ is the central angle, r the radius of the circle, and L is the arc length of the minor sector.
Luers
Luers is a surname, mostly found in the United States. Notable people with the surname include:

Jeff Luers (born 1951), American political activist

John Luers (1819–1871), American Roman Catholic Church bishop

Renee Luers-Gillispie, American college softball player and coach

Wendy Luers, American political activist

William Luers (1929–2025), American diplomat and museum executive

Jeff Luers
Jeffrey "Free" Luers is an American political activist from Los Angeles, California, who served a ten-year prison sentence for an arson motivated by environmental concerns. On February 14, 2007, the Oregon Court of Appeals overturned Luers' sentence, instructing the Lane County circuit court to determine a new sentence. That court reduced the sentence from 22 years, 8 months to 10 years in February 2008, after what The Independent described as an "international campaign for a more appropriate sentence for a crime in which no one was hurt."
Audi 5 Series DTM
The Audi 5 Series DTM (also known as the Audi A5 DTM (2012) later Audi RS5 DTM (2013–2018)) is a touring car constructed by the German car manufacturer Audi AG for use in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters. It was developed in 2011 and has been raced in DTM seasons 2012-2018 before being replaced by updated turbo version of Audi RS5 Turbo DTM from 2019 season onwards. It was designed by former Audi Head of Research and Development Wolfgang Dürheimer. The A5 DTM replaced the retired Audi A4 DTM at the end of the 2011 season and based on the production Audi A5.

Mattias Ekström
Bengt Mattias Ekström (born 14 July 1978) is a racing and rally driver from Sweden. He competed in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters for Audi from 2001 until his retirement in 2018, and has been competing in the FIA World Rallycross Championship, also for Audi, since its inception in 2014. He is a FIA World Rallycross Champion, a two-time DTM champion and a four-time winner of the Race of Champions.