hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orenburg Governorate
Orenburg Governorate (Russian: Оренбургская губерния, romanized: Orenburgskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (Governorate) of the Russian Empire. Its capital in 1797–1802 and 1865–1928 was Orenburg, and Ufa in 1802–1865.

The governorate was created in 1744 from the lands annexed from Siberian and Astrakhan Governorates. In 1782, the governorate, along with Chelyabinsky Uyezd of Perm Viceroyalty were transformed into Ufa Viceroyalty, which was divided into Ufa and Orenburg Oblasts. In 1796, Ufa Viceroyalty was renamed Orenburg Governorate, and in 1865 it was split in two—a smaller Orenburg Governorate, and Ufa Governorate.

In 1919, Chelyabinsk Governorate was split off from Orenburg Governorate, and in 1928 the governorate was merged into a newly created Middle Volga Oblast.

Governorate (Russia)
A governorate (Russian: губе́рния, romanized: gubérniya, pre-1918 spelling: губе́рнія, IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ⓘ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian, Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province. A governorate was headed by a governor (губернатор, gubernator), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator, in turn from Greek kyvernítis (Greek: κυβερνήτης).

Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as the Grand Duchy of Finland, Congress Poland, Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt, Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district).
Rancho Huasna
Rancho Huasna was a 22,153-acre (89.65 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Luis Obispo County, California given in 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Isaac J. Sparks.  The grant extended along the Huasna River and the western slope of the Santa Lucia Range, east of present-day Arroyo Grande and encompassing Huasna.

Manuel Micheltorena
Joseph Manuel María Joaquin Micheltorena y Llano (8 June 1804 – 7 September 1853) was a brigadier general and adjutant-general of the Mexican Army, governor of California, commandant-general and inspector of the department of Las Californias, then within Mexico. Micheltorena was the last non-Californian born Mexican governor, preceding the San Gabriel–born Pío Pico, the last provincial governor.
Trummen
Trummen is a lake in Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. It covers approximately 75 hectares (190 acres), and sits 161.2 metres (529 ft) above sea level. It is near Teleborg Castle, Linnaeus University, and Sankt Sigfrids Hospital.

Linnaeus University
Linnaeus University (LNU) (Swedish: Linnéuniversitetet) is a state university in the historical province (landskap) of Småland, Sweden, with campuses located in the cities of Växjö and Kalmar. Linnaeus University was established in 2010 by a merger of former Växjö University and Kalmar University (Högskolan i Kalmar), and is named in honour of the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus.
Charlie McGeoghegan
Charlie McGeoghegan (born 29 July 1974) is a former Canadian politician.

He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island in a by-election on 15 October 2007, following the resignation of Pat Binns. He represented the electoral district of Belfast-Murray River from 2007 to 2015 and is a member of the Liberal Party.

McGeoghegan was also the party's candidate in the general election on 28 May 2007.

Belfast-Murray River
Belfast-Murray River (District 4) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada. Created mostly from 4th Kings, part of 5th Kings and a small part of 4th Queens in 1996. It was formerly named Murray River-Gaspereaux from 1996 to 2007.
Levi Fox
Dr. Levi Fox OBE, DL, MA, FSA, FRHistS, FRSL (28 August 1914 – 3 September 2006), was the son of a Leicestershire smallholder. He became Archivist for the city of Coventry and then Director of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, and was a conservationist, local historian, and author.

Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholder farms are often defined as those operating on less than two hectares of land.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that there are roughly 500 million smallholder farms – those covering less than two hectares – which account for about 85 percent of all farms globally but manage only around 9 percent of the world’s agricultural land.
Helios Gómez
Helios Gómez Rodríguez (1905–1956) was a Spanish painter, anarchist communist activist and writer. Born into a working class Calé family, he worked as a painter for the Spanish anarchist movement from an early age. His involvement in the movement forced him to flee Spain, and during his time in Europe he developed his artistic influences and was alerted to the rise of fascism.

Upon his return to Spain, he joined the Communist Party of Spain (PCE), seeing it as the force that was best organised to resist fascism. By the end of the Spanish Civil War, he returned to anarchism, but was forced to flee following the victory of the Nationalists. From the 1940s, when he was imprisoned by the Francoist dictatorship, he began focusing on his writing and presenting Romani themes through his creative work. His poetry was collected and published posthumously in 2006.

Anarchist communism
Anarchist communism is a far-left political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates a form of communism. It calls for the abolition of hierarchies, as well as private property but retention of personal property and collectively owned items, goods, and services. It supports social ownership of property and the distribution of resources (i.e. from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs).

Anarchist communism was first formulated as such in the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association. The theoretical work of Peter Kropotkin took importance later as it expanded and developed pro-organizationalist and insurrectionary anti-organizationalist section. Examples of anarchist communist societies are the anarchist territories of the Makhnovshchina during the Russian Revolution, and those of the Spanish Revolution, most notably revolutionary Catalonia.
Soomekh
Soomekh is a surname which is very common among Persian Jews. Notable people with the surname include:

Bahar Soomekh (born 1975), Iranian-born American actress

Saba Soomekh, American professor and writer

Iranian Jews
Iranian Jews constitute one of the oldest communities of the Jewish diaspora. Dating back to the biblical era, they originate from the Jews who arrived in Iran as Babylonian captives. Books of the Hebrew Bible (i.e., Esther, Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah) bring together an extensive narrative shedding light on contemporary Jewish life experiences in ancient Iran; there has been a continuous Jewish presence in Iran since at least the time of Cyrus the Great, who led Achaemenid army's conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and subsequently freed the Judahites from the Babylonian captivity.

After 1979, Jewish emigration from Iran increased dramatically in light of the country's Islamic Revolution and fall of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Today, the vast majority of Iranian Jews reside in Israel and the United States.
Eteobalea beata
Eteobalea beata is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Romania, Russia and Turkey.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are bronzy black with three white costal patches. The hindwings are shiny, pale leaden grey. Adults are on wing from May to August.

Larvae have been recorded on Antirrhinum species.

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Albert O. Sorge
Albert Owen Sorge (February 9, 1881 – August 30, 1967) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in the town of Reedsburg, Sauk County, Wisconsin, Sorge served in the Wisconsin National Guard for two years. He went to dairy school at University of Wisconsin, worked with creameries in Elroy, Wisconsin and then worked for his father Henry W. Sorge in the creamery business in Reedsburg, Wisconsin. Sorge was involved with the Baraboo Valley Agricultural Association. In 1911, Sorge served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. In 1911, Sorge bought an interest in Tri-State Ice Cream Company (later Dolly Madison Dairy) in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He moved to La Crosse and was involved with Sorge Dairy Supply Company, in La Crosse, and Sorge Ice Cream and Dairy Company in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Sorge died in a hospital in La Crosse, Wisconsin and was buried in Reedsburg, Wisconsin.

La Crosse, Wisconsin
La Crosse (/ləˈkrɒs/ ⓘ lə-KROSS) is a city in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Positioned alongside the Mississippi River, La Crosse is the most populous city on Wisconsin's western border. The population was 52,680 at the 2020 census. The La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents.

La Crosse's economy serves as a regional educational, medical, manufacturing, and transportation hub for Western Wisconsin producing a gross domestic product (GDP) of $10.1 billion for the La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area as of 2023. Home to the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, Viterbo University, and Western Technical College, the city has nearly 20,000 students. The La Crosse area is home to the headquarters or regional offices of Kwik Trip, Organic Valley, Mayo Clinic, Gundersen Health System, Gensler, La Crosse Technology, City Brewing Company, and Trane.
Glenfinnan Monument
The Glenfinnan Monument is a Category A listed monument in Glenfinnan, Lochaber, erected in 1814 and dedicated to the Scottish Highlanders who fought in the Jacobite Army during the Jacobite rising of 1745.

Glenfinnan
Glenfinnan (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Fhionnain [klan̪ˠˈʝũn̪ˠɛɲ]) is a hamlet in Lochaber area of the Highlands of Scotland. In 1745 the Jacobite rising began here when Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") raised his standard on the shores of Loch Shiel. Seventy years later, the 18 m (60 ft) Glenfinnan Monument, at the head of the loch, was erected to commemorate the historic event.
United Way
United Way is an international network of over 1,800 local nonprofit fundraising affiliates. Prior to 2015, United Way was the largest nonprofit organization in the United States by donations from the public. Individual United Ways mobilize a single fundraising campaign to raise money for various nonprofits, with most donations coming through payroll deductions.

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Lake Strusta
Lake Strusta (Belarusian: Стру́ста; Lithuanian: Strustas) is a freshwater lake in the Braslaw District of Vitebsk Region in Belarus. Strusta is the third largest of the 30 Braslaw Lakes and the sixteenth largest in the country.

Lake Strusta is fed by several rivulets running from the Snudy, Balojsa, and Yelno lakes. It is drained by a little river into the Vojsa. The lake has around 22 known species of fish in it, including the European cisco.

The lake covers an area of 13 square km. Its maximum depth is 23 meters. The shores are sandy and marshy, with thick stands of bulrushes. There are numerous little fjords and outlets along the shoreline.

Coregonus albula
Coregonus albula, known as the vendace or as the Least cisco, is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in lakes in northern Europe, especially Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Russia and Estonia, and in some lakes of Norway, the United Kingdom, northern Germany, and Poland. It is also found in diluted brackish water in the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, both of which are in the Baltic Sea.

The length of an adult is normally about 20 cm (8 in). The maximum age is about ten years.

The vendace is traditionally the most important target of freshwater fisheries in parts of Fennoscandia and Russia. Vendace roe is considered a delicacy, which has been granted a PDO status in the Swedish Bothnian Bay archipelago (Kalix löjrom).
Aiono Afaese Toleafoa
Aiono Afaese Toleafoa is a Samoan politician. He is a member of the Human Rights Protection Party.

Toleafoa is the son of former Speaker and MP Leaupepe Toleafoa Faafisi. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in the April 2021 Samoan general election, winning his father's seat of Aana Alofi No. 2. Before entering politics, he managed the Toleafoa Company, operating supermarkets, petrol stations and public transport. On 12 July 2021, he agreed to resign from parliament and agreed not to contest the resulting by-election as part of the settlement of an election petition. On 13 July, he changed his mind, and the petition will now proceed to trial. On 16 August 2021, his election was voided after he was found guilty of five counts of bribery and treating.

Human Rights Protection Party
The Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP, Samoan: Vaega Faʻaupufai e Puipuia Aia Tatau a Tagata) is a Samoan political party. It was founded in 1979 and dominated Samoan party politics for decades thereafter, leading every government until their defeat in 2021. Former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi has led the party since 1998.
1995 Ryder Cup
The 31st Ryder Cup Matches were held September 22–24, 1995 at the East Course of Oak Hill Country Club in Pittsford, New York, a suburb southeast of Rochester.

The European team won the competition by a margin of 141⁄2 to 131⁄2 points to win back the Cup. At the time, this was only Europe's second victory on U.S. soil, the first was eight years earlier in 1987. This was the third consecutive Ryder Cup where Bernard Gallacher captained the European side and the only victory.

Going into the Sunday singles matches, Europe trailed by 2 points, 7 to 9. For the first time, they overcame a deficit entering the singles to win the Cup. The unheralded Irish rookie Philip Walton secured victory for Europe by defeating Jay Haas 1 up. The next Ryder Cup where Europe won from behind was 2012, also held in the U.S.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
Konishi anomaly
In theoretical physics, the Konishi anomaly is the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations in theories with N=1 supersymmetry. More precisely, this transformation changes the phase of a chiral superfield. It shouldn't be confused with the R-symmetry that also depends on the fermionic superspace variables. The divergence of the corresponding Noether current for the Konishi transformation is nonzero but can be exactly expressed using the superpotential.

Konishi anomaly is named after its discoverer Kenichi Konishi, who is currently full professor of Theoretical Physics at the  Physics Department E.Fermi of University of Pisa, Italy.

Supermultiplet
In theoretical physics, a supermultiplet is a representation of a supersymmetry algebra, possibly with extended supersymmetry.

Then a superfield is a field on superspace which is valued in such a representation. Naïvely, or when considering flat superspace, a superfield can simply be viewed as a function on superspace. Formally, it is a section of an associated supermultiplet bundle.

Phenomenologically, superfields are used to describe particles. It is a feature of supersymmetric field theories that particles form pairs, called superpartners where bosons are paired with fermions.

These supersymmetric fields are used to build supersymmetric quantum field theories, where the fields are promoted to operators.
Kuldeep Solanki
Kuldeep Solanki (born 1967) is an Indian politician from Delhi. He is a member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from Palam Assembly constituency in South West Delhi district. He won the 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Delhi Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi is the unicameral legislature of the union territory of Delhi in India. Delhi Legislative Assembly is the legislative arm of the Government of Delhi. At present, it consists of 70 members, directly elected from 70 constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner.

The seat of assembly is the Old Secretariat building, which is also the seat of the Government of Delhi.
Machiavelli (Italian card game)
Machiavelli (also Thirty-Six) is an Italian card game derived from Rummy and is usually played by 2 up to 5 players, but can be played by even a higher number. Because of its characteristics, it is not generally associated with gambling, but is instead a party game.

Its appearance can be traced to World War II.

Party game
Party games are games that are played at social gatherings to facilitate interaction and provide entertainment and recreation. Categories include (explicit) icebreaker, parlour (indoor), picnic (outdoor), and large group games. Other types include pairing off (partnered) games, and parlour races. Different games will generate different atmospheres so the party game may merely be intended as an icebreakers, or the sole purpose for or structure of the party. As such, party games aim to include players of various skill levels and player-elimination is rare. Party games are intended to be played socially, and are designed to be easy for new players to learn.
Fana Mokoena
Fana Mokoena (born 13 May 1971) is a South African actor and political activist, he served as a Member of Parliament, first as a delegate to the National Council of Provinces representing his home province Free State from May 2014 until August 2016; then later as a full member of the National Assembly of South Africa between August 2016 and October 2020 when he resigned. He was however back in parliament in 2024 after the National and Provincial Elections. Mokoena is a founding member of the Economic Freedom Fighters party and served on the party's central command team.

Scandal!
Scandal! is a South African soap opera produced by Ochre Media (also known as Ochre Moving Pictures) and broadcast on e.tv. It is the most watched soap opera in South Africa, contending with SABC 1's longest-running soapie Generations: The Legacy. It is also broadcast across Africa on the eAfrica, e.tv Botswana and e.tv Ghana feeds.

On 10 July 2024, e.tv announced that Scandal! will start airing daily, occupying the 19:30 spot dubbed as the "Winter binge". The program reverted to its standard time slot on 7 September 2024.

On 26 September 2025, e.tv announced that Scandal! will air its final episode on 26 June 2026.
Afri (organisation)
Afri (Action from Ireland) is a Dublin-based NGO that promotes human rights, peace, justice and environmentalism, especially in the Global South, with a focus on injustice caused by conflict. Its patron is Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Another patron of is former UN Assistant Secretary General Denis Halliday.

It is a member of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, the International Peace Bureau, Stop Climate Chaos Coalition, and Irish Development Education Association.

Its offices are in Phibsboro, Dublin.

Phibsborough
Phibsborough (/ˈfɪbzbərə/; Irish: Baile Phib), also spelled Phibsboro, is a mixed commercial and residential neighbourhood on the Northside of Dublin, Ireland.

The Bradogue River crosses the area in a culvert, and the Royal Canal passes through its northern reaches, notably at Cross Guns Bridge. Formerly, a branch of the canal ran to the Broadstone basin, later the site of the Midland Great Western Railway Terminus and currently the headquarters of Bus Éireann. Mountjoy Prison is located in the district.
Geneva score
The Geneva score is a clinical prediction rule used in determining the pre-test probability of pulmonary embolism (PE) based on a patient's risk factors and clinical findings. It has been shown to be as accurate as the Wells Score, and is less reliant on the experience of the doctor applying the rule. The Geneva score has been revised and simplified from its original version. The simplified Geneva score is the newest version for the general population, and predicted to have the same diagnostic utility as the original Geneva score. A version of the revised score was modified to be applicable to pregnant patients.

Pre- and post-test probability
Pre-test probability and post-test probability (alternatively spelled pretest and posttest probability) are the probabilities of the presence of a condition (such as a disease) before and after a diagnostic test, respectively. Post-test probability, in turn, can be positive or negative, depending on whether the test falls out as a positive test or a negative test, respectively. In some cases, it is used for the probability of developing the condition of interest in the future.

Test, in this sense, can refer to any medical test (but usually in the sense of diagnostic tests), and in a broad sense also including questions and even assumptions (such as assuming that the target individual is a female or male). The ability to make a difference between pre- and post-test probabilities of various conditions is a major factor in the indication of medical tests.
Alto Adige (newspaper)
Alto Adige is an Italian local daily newspaper, based in Bolzano. It is sold in South Tyrol and since 1999 also in the province of Belluno. Prior to 2000, the newspaper was published with three local editions, for South Tyrol, Trentino and Belluno, when was subdivided with two new local newspapers: Trentino and Corriere delle Alpi.

Province of Belluno
The province of Belluno (Italian: provincia di Belluno; Austrian German: provinz Belluno; Ladin: provinzia de Belum) is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy. Its capital is the city of Belluno.

It has a population of 197,708 in an area of 3,610 square kilometres (1,390 mi2) across its 61 municipalities.