hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rostislaw Kaischew
Rostislaw Kaischew (Bulgarian: Ростислав Атанасов Каишев; February 16, 1908 O.S. (February 29, 1908 (N.S.)), Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – November 19, 2002, Sofia, Republic of Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian physicochemist and a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. His most significant contributions to science were within studies of crystal growth and nucleation.

Crystal growth
Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present.

The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other.
The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. changes of shape and/or volume). Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow.
1977 Detroit Tigers season
The 1977 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 77th season and the 66th season at Tiger Stadium. The Tigers finished in fourth place in the American League East with a record of 74–88, 26 games behind the New York Yankees. They were outscored by their opponents 751 to 714. The Tigers drew 1,359,856 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1977, ranking 7th of the 14 teams in the American League.

Tiger Stadium (Detroit)
Tiger Stadium, previously known as Navin Field and  Briggs Stadium, was a multi-use stadium located in the Corktown neighborhood of Detroit, Michigan, United States. The stadium was nicknamed "The Corner" for its location at the intersection of Michigan and Trumbull Avenues. It hosted the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1912 to 1999, as well as the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1938 to 1939, 1941 to 1974. Tiger Stadium was declared a State of Michigan Historic Site in 1975 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

The last Tigers game at the stadium was held on September 27, 1999. In the decade after the Tigers vacated the stadium, several rejected redevelopment and preservation efforts finally gave way to the stadium's demolition, which was completed on September 21, 2009. The former playing field remained until 2018, when the site was redeveloped for youth sports as the Corner Ballpark.
Estelle Hemsley
Estelle Hemsley (May 5, 1887 – November 5, 1968) was a prominent African American actress of stage and screen. She appeared in the stage and screen versions of Take a Giant Step, earning a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress in the 1959 movie directed by Philip Leacock. Her other film roles include playing Grandmother Topouzoglou in Elia Kazan's 1963 movie America, America (nominated for the Oscar for Best Picture), the role of Cla-Cla in Mel Ferrer's 1959 film Green Mansions, the mother of Ruby Dee in Edge of the City (1957), and Catherine in Robert Mulligan's 1965 movie Baby the Rain Must Fall.

Edge of the City
Edge of the City is a 1957 American crime drama film directed by Martin Ritt in his directorial debut, and starring John Cassavetes and Sidney Poitier. Robert Alan Aurthur's screenplay was expanded from his original script, staged as the final episode of The Philco Television Playhouse, A Man Is Ten Feet Tall (1955), also featuring Poitier.

The film was considered unusual for its time because of its portrayal of an interracial friendship, and was praised by representatives of the NAACP, Urban League, American Jewish Committee and Interfaith Council because of its portrayal of racial brotherhood.

In 2023, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant."
1854 Liverpool Town Council election
Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1854. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.

Eight of the sixteen wards were uncontested.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
Diocese of Atri
The Diocese of Atri (Latin: Dioecesis Hatriensis seu Atriensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese located in the town of Atri in the modern civil Province of Teramo in the Abruzzo region of Italy. It was created in 1252 by order of Pope Innocent IV, and immediately united with the Diocese of Penne to form the Diocese of Penne e Atri. One single bishop held both dioceses, aeque personaliter, at the same time. The two dioceses were separated by order of Pope Pius XII on 1 July 1949.  Atri was united, aeque principaliter, with the diocese of Teramo, and a new bishop of Teramo e Atri was appointed on 12 December 1949. The diocese was abolished completely on 30 September 1986, and its territory became part of the diocese of Teramo.

Province of Teramo
The province of Teramo (Italian: provincia di Teramo; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Tèreme) is a province in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Teramo. The province has an area of 1,948 square kilometres (752 sq mi), a population of 313,029 (2012), and is subdivided into 47 comuni (sg.: comune), see comunes of the province of Teramo. The province of Teramo shares its northern border with the province of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche region, southern and southwestern borders with the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region, and a western border with the province of Rieti in the Lazio region. To the south is the province of Pescara in the Abruzzo region and to the east is the Adriatic Sea.
Teenage Wolfpack
Teenage Wolfpack (German: Die Halbstarken) is a 1956 German crime drama film directed by Georg Tressler. The film is also known as Wolfpack in the United Kingdom. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin

Spandau Studios
The Spandau Studios or CCC Studios were film and television studios located in Spandau, a suburb of Berlin. They were established in 1949 following the Second World War by the producer Artur Brauner controller of CCC Films, on the site of a former factory. Following the Soviet occupation of East Germany, most of the major film studios in the capital were, with the exception of the Tempelhof Studios, located in East Berlin until Brauner opened his own studios.

Brauner produced a number of popular genre films over the following decades, including several remakes of Weimar era hits. Space was also rented out to other firms, and the 1960s saw the series of Edgar Wallace films made at Spandau by Rialto Film.
Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church (Milwaukee)
The Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Српска православна црква Светог Саве, romanized: Srpska pravoslavna crkva Svetog Save) is an Eastern Orthodox church located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is under jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of New Gračanica and Midwestern America of the Serbian Orthodox Church and is dedicated to Saint Sava, the first Archbishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

The church is covered in traditional wall mosaics that have been described as, "some of the most extensive and elaborate church mosaics in the United States." The church sits on a complex that also includes a parochial school and an event center known as the American Serb Hall, an important stop for political candidates including a number of men who have gone on to become President of the United States.

Dedication (ritual)
Dedication is a ceremony to mark the official completion or opening of something. Such rituals include ceremonial ship launching and a variety of events for buildings including builders' rites or an opening ceremony. Many religions have specific dedication rituals, which serve to consecrate items, places, or people to sacred purpose, such as the dedication of churches or Child dedication.
Calshot Marshes
Calshot Marshes is a  51.1-hectare (126-acre) Local Nature Reserve near Calshot, at the junction of The Solent and Southampton Water in Hampshire. It is owned by Hampshire County Council and managed by Hampshire Countryside Service. It is part of Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site and  Special Protection Area, of Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation and of Hythe to Calshot Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest.

This saltmarsh site is internationally important for dark-bellied brent geese and nationally important for wigeon, teal, ringed plover, grey plover, black-tailed godwit, redshank and dunlin.

Brant (goose)
The brant or brent goose (Branta bernicla) is a small goose of the genus Branta. There are three subspecies, all of which winter along temperate-zone sea-coasts and breed on the high-Arctic tundra.

The Brent oilfield was named after the species.
Ken McDonald (politician)
Kenneth Joseph McDonald (born June 1959) is a Canadian politician who was the member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Avalon from 2015 to 2025, and the former mayor of Conception Bay South, the second largest municipality in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a political party in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is one of the three parties currently represented in the  Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly, and one of two that had continual representation since Newfoundland became a province of Canada. It has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador for over 60% of time period since Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation as its tenth provinces in 1949 and produced eight of the province's fifteen premiers.
2015 London Marathon
The 2015 London Marathon was the 35th running of the annual marathon race in London, England, which took place on Sunday, 26 April. The men's elite race was won by Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge and the women's race was won by Ethiopian Tigist Tufa. The 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships marathon events were also held during the race. The men's wheelchair race was won by Josh George from the United States and the women's wheelchair race was won by American Tatyana McFadden. McFadden set a course record for the second year running.

Around 172,888 people applied to enter the race: 51,696 had their applications accepted and 38,020 started the race. These were all record highs for the race. A total of 37,581 runners, 23,208 men and 14,373 women, finished the race.

In the under-17 Mini Marathon, the 3-mile able-bodied and wheelchair events were won by Ben Dijkstra (14:00), Harriet Knowles-Jones (16:07), Nathan Maguire (11:35) and Kare Adenegan (12:41).

Association of Road Racing Statisticians
The Association of Road Racing Statisticians is an independent, non-profit organization that collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics regarding road running races. The primary purpose of the ARRS is to maintain a valid list of world road records for standard race distances  and to establish valid criteria for road record-keeping.  The official publication of the ARRS is the Analytical Distance Runner. This newsletter contains recent race results and analysis and is distributed to subscribers via e-mail. The ARRS is the only organized group that maintains records on indoor marathons.
Richard Penderel
Richard Penderel (c.1606 – 7 February 1672) was a Roman Catholic farmer, and a supporter of the Royalist cause during the English Civil War.  He assisted with the escape of Charles II after the Battle of Worcester in September 1651.

Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of government, but not necessarily a particular monarch. Most often, the term royalist is applied to a supporter of a current regime or one that has been recently overthrown to form a republic.

In the United Kingdom, the term is currently almost indistinguishable from "monarchist", as there are no significant rival claimants to the throne. Conversely, in 19th-century France, a royalist might be either a Legitimist, Bonapartist, or an Orléanist, all being monarchists.
Re Yagerphone Ltd
Re Yagerphone Ltd [1935] 1 Ch 392 was a United Kingdom insolvency law decision relating to unfair preferences and the proceeds of any claims by a liquidator for unfair preferences, and in particular determining the priority of claims between the general body of creditors and the holder of a floating charge.

The case held that because the power to challenge a transaction as an unfair preference was a statutory right vested in the liquidator alone, the proceeds of any action were not "property of the company" and as such they were not caught be a floating charge which was expressed to include after acquired property (distinguishing Re Anglo-Austrian Printing & Publishing Union [1895] 2 Ch 891).  Bennett J held that the proceeds were impressed by a statutory trust for the general body of creditors.

Liquidator (law)
In law, a liquidator is the officer appointed when a company goes into winding-up or liquidation who has responsibility for collecting in all of the assets under such circumstances of the company and settling all claims against the company before putting the company into dissolution. Liquidator is a person officially appointed to 'liquidate' a company or firm. Their duty is to ascertain and settle the liabilities of a company or a firm. If there are any surplus, then those are distributed to the contributories.
Länsi-Uusimaa
Länsi-Uusimaa is a regional Finnish-language newspaper published six times per week, serving the western Uusimaa region of Finland. The Wednesday edition is distributed as a blanket delivery to all households within the newspaper’s distribution area. The publication’s headquarters are located in Lohja, although it was originally established in Hanko in 1915.

Länsi-Uusimaa is produced by Etelä-Suomen Media, a subsidiary of the Keskisuomalainen media group. In addition to Lohja, the newspaper’s distribution area encompasses the municipalities of Ingå, Raseborg, Vihti, Karkkila, and Siuntio. In March 2015, Länsi-Uusimaa adopted the tabloid format. Subsequently, in 2019, the publication schedule was revised so that the newspaper is now issued every day except Monday.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Virgil Smith Jr.
Virgil K Smith (born December 18, 1979) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and Michigan Senate. Smith previously represented the 4th Senate district, which is composed of Allen Park, Lincoln Park, Southgate and the north side of Detroit. From 2003 to 2008, Smith represented State House district 7, comprising the northern tier of Detroit.

Allen Park, Michigan
Allen Park is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 27,528.

Ford Motor Company is an integral part of the community. Many of the company's offices and facilities lie within the city limits. Since 2002, Allen Park is the practice home of the Detroit Lions football team and is also the site of the team's headquarters. The city is known for its tree-lined streets, brick houses, and the Fairlane Green Shopping Center that opened in 2006. The city was once recognized in Money Magazine's list of America's Best Small Cities. Allen Park is part of the collection of communities known as Downriver.

Allen Park is home to the Uniroyal Giant Tire, the largest non-production tire scale model ever built, and one of the world's largest roadside attractions. Originally a Ferris wheel at the 1964 New York World's Fair, the structure was moved to Allen Park in 1966.
Rhodococcus rhodochrous
Rhodococcus rhodochrous is a bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

It is gram positive, in the shape of rods/cocci, oxidase negative, and catalase positive.

It is industrially produced to catalyse acrylonitrile conversion to acrylamide. It is also used in the industrial production of nicotinamide (niacinamide), a derivative or active form of niacin, part of the B vitamin complex.

A 2015 study showed that Rhodococcus rhodochrous could inhibit the growth of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal species responsible for white nose syndrome in bats.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
Parke Apartments
Parke Apartments, also known as Park Lane Condominium, is a historic apartment building located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York.  It was designed and built in 1924–1925 by the H.L. Stevens & Company and is an early 20th-century high-class apartment building modestly styled in the Second Renaissance Revival mode. It is a ten-story, concrete-framed masonry building built of cream-colored brick with light stone detail in a T-shaped layout.  Also on the property is a two-story former carriage house.  It was converted from apartments to condominiums in 1977.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.  It is located in the Elmwood Historic District–East.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Metukim
Metukim (Hebrew: מתוקים) is an Israeli youth drama series created and written by Assi Azar, Yael Katz and Noa Gusakov for the HOT channel. The series follows the four orphaned brothers of the Tamari family, who run a pâtisserie. They face intense competition when a TV star, Tuli Devash opens a pâtisserie nearby. Tuli's mother, Shunit, goes to great lengths to bring down her rivals. The series stars Amos Tamam, Rotem Sela, Assi Azar, Bar Brimer and Neta Orbach.

Originally, the series' first-season premiere was scheduled to air on October 10, 2023, but due to the outbreak of the Gaza war, the premiere was pushed back to January 29, 2024.

On February 18, 2024, it was announced that the series was renewed for a second season.

Hot (Israel)
Hot Telecommunication Systems Ltd. (Hebrew: הוט - מערכות תקשורת בע"מ) is a company that provides cable television, last-mile Internet access, broadband and telecommunication services in Israel. It also provides various data transmission services and network services at different rates, services to the business sector and other ancillary services.

In November 2004, Hot Telecom commenced providing domestic fixed line telephone services to residential and business subscribers. The company's shares were traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and it was a constitute of the TA-100 Index until its acquisition by Altice. In March 2013, the company employed 3,958 workers.
Josane Sigart
Josane Sigart (French pronunciation: [ʒɔzan siɡaʁ]; 7 January 1909 – 20 August 1999) was a Belgian tennis player who was active in the 1930s.
In 1928, she won the singles title at the Belgian Championships and would repeat this success in 1929, 1931, 1932, 1936 and 1946.
In 1932, she won the Wimbledon Championships in woman's doubles with the Doris Metaxa and reached the mixed-doubles final with Harry Hopman. This made her the first Belgian winner of any Grand Slam title and she remained the sole Belgian to do so for over 70 years until Justine Henin won the women’s singles at the 2003 French Open.

In 1932, she was ranked world No. 10 by A. Wallis Myers.

2003 French Open
The 2003 French Open was the second Grand Slam event of 2003 and the 102nd edition of the French Open. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from May 26 through June 8, 2003.

Both Albert Costa and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences, both being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champions Juan Carlos Ferrero and Justine Henin-Hardenne respectively. Ferrero won his first Grand Slam title, defeating Martin Verkerk in the final, and Henin-Hardenne, who had previously won the event in 1997 as a junior, won after defeating Serena Williams, who had won the previous four Grand Slam events, in the semi-final and compatriot and rival Kim Clijsters in the final in straight sets. For Henin-Hardenne, it was the first of seven Grand Slam titles, and the first of four French Open titles.