hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruby Mercer
Ruby Mercer CM (26 July 1906 – 26 January 1999) was an American-born Canadian author, radio host, and soprano.

Mercer was born in Athens, Ohio. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1927 from Ohio University and a Bachelor of Music degree from Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music in 1930. In 1936, she made her debut as a member of the Metropolitan Opera, portraying Nedda in Pagliacci. She married Hungarian-Canadian businessman Geza Por and moved to Toronto in 1958.

She founded Opera Canada, a periodical for which she served as editor from 1960 to 1990. She also founded the Canadian Children's Opera Chorus and served as its first president. She was host of CBC Radio's weekly show Opera Time from 1962 to 1979, as well as its successor Opera in Stereo from 1979 to 1984.

She became a member of the Order of Canada in 1995.

University of Cincinnati – College-Conservatory of Music
The University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music (CCM) is a performing and media arts college of the University of Cincinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio. Initially established as the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music in 1867, CCM is one of the oldest continually operating conservatories in the United States.

The college, which enrolls less than 1,500 students a year, has been widely ranked as one of the best performing arts colleges in the United States.
Aspergillus alliaceus
Aspergillus alliaceus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Flavi section.  It was first described scientifically by Charles Thom  and Margaret Church in 1926. Its associated teleomorph is Petromyces alliaceus. It has yellow spores.

Margaret Church
Margaret Brooks Church (1889 – 1976) was an American mycologist who specialized in Aspergillus and other fungi involved in food fermentation. She co-authored the first manual on Aspergillus with Charles Thom and worked with Thom on his treatise on Penicillium. She was the first westerner to study the ang-khak fermentation of rice using Monascus purpureus (see: Church, 1920), and studied other Asian soy fermentations involving the fungus known as Aspergillus oryzae. This research culminated in her writing a USDA bulletin entitled Soy and Related Fermentations in 1923. In 1928, she took on a role as the Head of Biology at Urbana University, Urbana, Ohio, before her retirement in 1939.
Change machine
A change machine is a type of vending machine that accepts banknotes, also referred to as paper currency, and returns an equal amount of currency in smaller bills or coins. These machines are used to provide coins in exchange for paper currency, in which case they are also known as bill changers.

In the United States, these devices are typically seen in the vicinity of machines that will not accept paper currency. This can be in a parking facility that has parking meters, in laundromats, or near vending machines that lack bill validators and do not accept paper currency.

Before the advent of coinless slot machines, casinos would sometimes have change machines that would accept paper currency and return coins or tokens that could be used in the machines. A similar arrangement has often been found at video arcades.

In some cases, a machine may subtract a small amount (e.g. 5 cents) as a surcharge for the transaction.

Self-service laundry
A self-service laundry, coin laundry, or coin wash, is a facility where clothes and some household textiles are washed and dried without much personalized professional help. They are known in the United Kingdom as launderettes or laundrettes, and in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand as laundromats. In Texas and other parts of the south central United States, the term washateria is still used by some older speakers. The first laundromat opened on April 18, 1934 in Fort Worth, Texas.

While  85% of households in the United States have laundry machines, self-service laundries are used by people who do not have their own machines. Even those who have their own machines sometimes use them for large bedding and other items that cannot fit into residential washers and dryers. Some multifamily dwellings have self-service laundry facilities available for use by tenants.
St Ambrose's Church, Grindleton
St Ambrose's Church is in the village of Grindleton, which is situated about 3 miles (5 km) northeast of Clitheroe, Lancashire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Whalley, the archdeaconry of Blackburn, and the Diocese of Blackburn. Its benefice is united with that of St Peter and St Paul, Bolton by Bowland and St Mary's Church, Gisburn. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Clitheroe
Clitheroe (/ˈklɪðəroʊ/) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England; it is located 34 miles (55 km) north-west of Manchester. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. In 2018, the Clitheroe built-up area had an estimated population of 16,279.

The town was listed in the 2017 The Sunday Times report on the best places to live in Northern England, while the wider Ribble Valley, of which Clitheroe is the most populous settlement, was listed in the 2018 and 2024 Sunday Times report on the best places to live. Clitheroe and the wider Ribble Valley have also been listed as healthiest and happiest place to live in the United Kingdom.

The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, which is one of the smallest Norman keeps in Great Britain. Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson Matthey and Tarmac.
Sheng Guangzu
Sheng Guangzu (Chinese: 盛光祖; pinyin: Shèng Guāngzǔ; born 5 April 1949) was the last Chinese Minister of Railways, before the position was abolished in March 2013, and the first General Manager of China Railway Corporation. He was formerly the head of the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China. He initially held several lower positions in the Ministry of Railways, and moved up the ranks starting in 2000. Sheng was also a member of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 17th Congress on 21 October 2007, and sat until the 18th National Congress in 2012. The 17th Central Committee is composed of full members and alternate members. It was followed by the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
1878 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 1878 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 3, 1878, to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican Cornelius C. Beekman against Democrat William Wallace Thayer, with Thayer defeating Beekman by a very small margin.

Governor of Oregon
The governor of Oregon is the head of government of Oregon and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The title of governor was also applied to the office of Oregon's chief executive during the provisional and U.S. territorial governments.

The current governor of Oregon is Tina Kotek, who took office on January 9, 2023. The governor's salary as of 2018 is $98,600.
D+H
D+H (originally Davis & Henderson) was a Canadian global payments and lending technology provider serving nearly 8,000 financial institutions, specialty lenders, community banks, credit unions, governments and corporations, including Canada's five largest banks. D+H was headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, and had more than 5,500 employees in 15 countries, with annual revenues in excess of $1.5 billion. Following its acquisition of Harland Financial Solutions in 2013, over a third of D+H's business was based in the US.

D+H was ranked 21st on IDC Financial Insights's Top 100 FinTech Rankings, and 25th on American Banker's Top 100 Companies in FinTech.

In 2017, D+H was acquired for $4.8 billion by Vista Equity Partners, an American private equity firm. Vista then merged the company with British software provider Misys. The merged company was relaunched in June 2017 and rebranded as Finastra.

American Banker
American Banker is a New York-based trade publication covering the financial services industry. Originally a daily newspaper, the print edition ceased publication in 2016, but continues to be published as a print magazine nine times a year.

The first issue of American Banker was published in 1885, although it has been considered a continuation of the earlier Thompson's Bank Note Reporter, a bank note reporter which began publication in 1842.

Although often confused with the American Bankers Association or other industry trade groups, American Banker is unaffiliated with any portion of the banking industry. It is an independent trade publication.
Aleksander Hetland
Aleksander Hetland (born 26 December 1982) is a Norwegian former swimmer. Hetland, who represented Bærumssvømmerne, had his strength in the medley events. He became world champion in the men's 50 metre breaststroke in the 2012 Short Course Worlds in Istanbul.

At the 2004 Short Course Worlds in Indianapolis, IN, USA, Hetland finished fourth in the 100 m individual medley, setting the Norwegian Record with his time of 54.44.

He claimed his first international swimming medal at the 2006 Short Course European Championships in Helsinki, where he received the bronze medal in the 100 m individual medley, improving his Norwegian Record to 53.70. Hetland followed that up with success at the 2007 SC Europeans, winning the silver medal on 50 m breaststroke and setting a new Nordic Record, with 26.93. In 2009, he won gold medal in the 50 m breaststroke gold in the European short course championship in Istanbul.

He is a former member of Asker svømmeklubb.

2007 European Short Course Swimming Championships
The 2007 European Short Course Swimming Championships, which was the 15th edition of the continental swimming event, were held between 13 and 16 December 2007 in Debrecen, Hungary. The championships were swum in the Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex, in a short course (25-metre) pool.
Chesapeake logperch
The Chesapeake logperch (Percina bimaculata) is a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in the Chesapeake Bay drainages. It prefers gravel runs and riffles of small to medium-sized rivers.

Percidae
The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains nearly 250 species in 12 genera. The perches and their relatives are in this family; well-known species include the walleye, sauger, ruffe, and three species of perch. However, small fish known as darters are also a part of this family.

Despite the widespread and speciose nature of this family, the vast majority of its species diversity is within the darters, which are restricted to eastern North America, and the majority of which have small ranges. Excluding the darters, this family contains only 20 species. In Europe, percids were likely a more ecologically dominant group in the past than now, with the immigration of cyprinids to Europe during the Miocene causing a decline in their importance.
Edward Durnford King
Admiral Sir Edward Durnford King KCH (1771 – 14 January 1862) was a Royal Navy officer. After taking part in the Glorious First of June he saw action at the blockade of Cádiz before going on to be Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope and Brazil in 1840 and then Commander-in-Chief, The Nore in 1845.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Pirita River Valley Landscape Conservation Area
Pirita River Valley Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park which is located in Harju County, Estonia.

The area of the nature park is 707 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1957 to protect the Pirita River's valley at its middle course. In 1999, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.

Pirita (river)
The Pirita (Estonian: Pirita jõgi) is a 105 km (65 mi) long river in northern Estonia that drains into the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea in the Pirita district of the capital city Tallinn. The basin area of the river is 799 km2.

As part of the Tallinn water supply system, the Pirita is impounded into the Paunküla and Vaskjala reservoirs. The reservoir in Vaskjala is connected over a canal to the Lake Ülemiste in Tallinn, where the Ülemiste Water Treatment Plant is situated. Additional water is directed to the Pirita from the Jägala, Soodla, and Pärnu rivers through a canal network that joins the Pirita in Veskitaguse.

During the 1980 Summer Olympics, the estuary of the Pirita River and adjacent Tallinn Bay hosted the sailing events.

Spring flooding on the headwaters in Kose

Pedestrian bridge in Kose

Aerial view of the Pirita near Jüri

Arch bridge over the frozen Pirita in winter in Kose
Billy Lustig
William Lustig was an American gang leader and labor racketeer. He was one of several independent gang leaders operating in Manhattan's Lower East Side and, along with Abe "Little Rhodey" Roch and Philip "Pinchy" Paul, led a small coalition of gangs to break the monopoly held by Joseph "Joe the Greaser" Rosenzweig and Benjamin "Dopey Benny" Fein during the first "Labor Slugger War". Lustig was also employed as a clerk and whose brother was a detective attached to the office of District Attorney Charles S. Whitman.

Charles Seymour Whitman
Charles Seymour Whitman (September 29, 1868 – March 29, 1947) was an American lawyer who served as the 41st governor of New York from January 1, 1915, to December 31, 1918. An attorney and politician, he also served as a delegate from New York to the 1916 Republican National Convention. He had previously served as deputy and New York County District Attorney, in addition to state judge.
Karolju
Karolju is a suite of original Christmas carols for choir and orchestra by the American composer Christopher Rouse.  The work was commissioned in 1989 by the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra with support from the philanthropist Randolph Rothschild and the Barlow Endowment.  It was completed in November 1990 and first performed on November 7, 1991 by the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra and Chorus conducted by David Zinman.  The piece is dedicated to Rouse's daughter Alexandra.

Baltimore Symphony Orchestra
The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Baltimore SO has its principal residence at the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, where it performs more than 130 concerts a year. In 2005, it began regular performances at the Music Center at Strathmore in Bethesda.

The orchestra's current music director is Jonathon Heyward, since 2023.  Marin Alsop, music director from 2007 to 2021, is currently the orchestra's music director laureate.
2021–22 Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño
The 2021–22 season (officially known as Liga de Plata and also as Torneo Luis Baltazar Ramírez) will be El Salvador's Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño. The season will be split into two championships Apertura 2021 and Clausura 2022. The champions of the Apertura and Clausura play the direct promotion playoff every year. The winner of that series ascends to Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador.

Primera División de El Salvador
The Primera División de Fútbol Profesional de El Salvador (First Division of Professional Football of El Salvador), more commonly known as  La Liga Mayor or La Primera, also known as Liga Pepsi for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional football league in El Salvador.

It was established in 1947, and in 2011 had 10 clubs. Initially the league was run as a year-long tournament, but since 1998 there are two tournaments each year, much like in many other football leagues in the Americas.

The Apertura season runs from July to December, while the Clausura season runs from January to May.

Of the 56 teams to have competed in the league, FAS has won the title 19 times,  followed by Alianza (19), Aguila (17), Firpo (11) and Isidro Metapan (10)
Marzouq Al-Muwallad
Marzouq Al-Muwallad (Arabic: مرزوق المولد; born August 6, 1992) is a Saudi Arabian professional basketball player.  He currently plays for the Al-Ahli Jeddah Sports Club of the Saudi Premier League.

He has been a member of Saudi Arabia's national basketball team on many occasions. At the 2013 FIBA Asia Championship, he was Saudi Arabia's best passer and stealer.

He was the match-winner in the game against Thailand, when he scored 20 points and handed out 10 assists.

Al-Ahli Jeddah (basketball)
Al-Ahli Jeddah is a professional basketball club based in the city of Jeddah in the Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia that plays in the Saudi Premier League. They won the Premier League in 2006 and 2023.

The home arena of Al-Ahli is the Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Sports Hall. In the 2023-24 season, Al-Ahli made their debut in the West Asia Super League (WASL).
Sarvar Ikramov
Sarvar Ikramov (born 10 January 1985) is an Uzbekistani former professional tennis player.

Born in Tashkent, Ikramov made an ATP Tour main draw appearance at the 2002 President's Cup in his birth city.

Ikramov made his Davis Cup debut in 2004 and represented Uzbekistan at the 2006 Asian Games.

During his Davis Cup career he featured in a total of eight ties, the last in 2013. He won three singles rubbers, with his best win coming against China's Zhang Ze.

2002 President's Cup
The 2002 President's Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts in Tashkent in Uzbekistan and was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 9 September through 14 September 2002. Third-seeded Yevgeny Kafelnikov won the singles title.
The Lincoln Castle Hotel
The Lincoln Castle Hotel is a hotel and grade II listed building in New Holland, Lincolnshire. Built by William Kirk of Lincoln for the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, the hotel was opened in 1851 as the "Yarborough Arms". It was one of the first buildings built in the village.

It shares its name with one of the ships that operated the Humber Ferry service from New Holland to Hull: the PS Lincoln Castle, which operated this service from 1948 to 1971.

Humber Ferry
The Humber Ferry was a ferry service on the Humber between Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire and New Holland, Lincolnshire, England, which operated until the completion of the Humber Bridge in 1981.
Bayfair Center
Bayfair Center (originally Bay-Fair, later Bay Fair, and Bayfair Mall) is a power center and regional shopping mall in San Leandro, California, United States. It was among the first malls in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Anchors are Target, Kohl's and a 16-screen Century Theatres cinema operated by Cinemark. Junior anchors include PetSmart and 24 Hour Fitness. Macy's, a long-time anchor since the mall's inception, closed in 2024.

Century Theatres
Century Theatres is a movie theater chain that operates many multiplexes in the western United States, primarily in California, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. In its later years, it had expanded into the inter-mountain states, the Pacific Northwest, Texas, Alaska and parts of the Midwestern United States. Founded in 1941, the chain was headquartered in San Rafael, California until it was acquired by Cinemark Theatres from Plano, Texas in 2006. Many now-Cinemark-owned theaters continue to operate under the Century brand.
Elmer Schaake
Elmer H. W. Schaake (February 7, 1911 – January 24, 1966) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, baseball, and track. He played college football and college basketball at the University of Kansas and one season of professional football in the National Football League (NFL) with the Portsmouth Spartans. Schaake served as the head football coach at Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas from 1934 to 1937, compiling a record of 13–19–2. He was also the head baseball coach at his alma mater, Kansas, for one season in 1944 and the head basketball coach at Willamette University during the 1946–47 season.

Willamette University
Willamette University is a private liberal arts college in Salem, Oregon. Founded in 1842, it is the oldest college in the Western United States. Originally named the Oregon Institute, the school was an unaffiliated outgrowth of the Methodist Mission. The name was changed to Wallamet University in 1852, followed by the current spelling in 1870. Willamette founded the first medical school and law school in the Pacific Northwest in the second half of the 19th century.

Approximately 2,400 students are enrolled at Willamette between its undergraduate and graduate programs. It has an additional campus in Portland, Oregon, which contains a graduate education center and the Pacific Northwest College of Art. The college is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division III Northwest Conference.
Irja
Irja is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Irja Aav (1944–1995), Estonian actress

Irja Askola (born 1952), Finnish bishop in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland

Irja Agnes Browallius (1901–1968), Swedish teacher, novelist and short story writer

Irja Hagfors (1905–1988), Finnish dance artist, choreographer and dance teacher

Irja Ketonen (1921–1988), Finnish media executive

Irja Koikson (born 1980), Estonian footballer

Irja Lipasti (1905–2000), Finnish sprinter

Irja Seurujärvi-Kari (born 1947), Finnish Sámi politician and academic

Irja Ketonen
Irja Ketonen (née Blomqvist; 20 June 1921 – 17 November 1988) was a Finnish media executive, whose life and career has been described as 'the Cinderella story of the Finnish media sector'. She was the first woman to be granted Finland's highest civilian honorary title of Vuorineuvos.
Carlo Abarth
Carlo Abarth (15 November 1908 – 24 October 1979), born Karl Albert Abarth, was an Italian automobile designer.

Abarth was born in Austria but later was naturalized as an Italian citizen. At this time, his first name Karl Albert was changed to its Italian equivalent of Carlo Alberto.

Anton Piëch
Anton Piëch (German pronunciation: [ˈantoːn ˈpiːɛç]; 21 September 1894 – 29 August 1952) was an Austrian-German lawyer and the son-in-law of Ferdinand Porsche. He headed Volkswagenwerk GmbH between 1941 and 1945, which produced the Volkswagen vehicles (KdF-Wagen) at the factory in Wolfsburg, Germany.
Monte Viso Tunnel
The Monte Viso Tunnel (Italian: Buco di Viso; French: Pertuis du Viso) is an Alpine pedestrian tunnel excavated in the rock during the Renaissance and located eight kilometres north of Monviso (Cottian Alps), northern Italy. It is 75 m long, 3 m wide, and located at an altitude of 2,882 metres linking the villages of Crissolo in the modern Italian province of Cuneo and Ristolas in the French department of Hautes-Alpes.

Opened in 1479, it is one of the oldest tunnels in Italy and may be one of the oldest in all of Europe.

Cottian Alps
The Cottian Alps (/ˈkɒtiən ˈælps/; French: Alpes Cottiennes [alp kɔtjɛn]; Italian: Alpi Cozie [ˈalpi ˈkɔttsje]) are a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps. They form the border between France (Hautes-Alpes and Savoie) and Italy (Piedmont). The Fréjus Road Tunnel and Fréjus Rail Tunnel between Modane and Susa are important transportation arteries between France (Lyon, Grenoble) and Italy (Turin).