hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skepticism in law
Skepticism in law is a school of jurisprudence that was a reaction against the idea of natural law, and a response to the formalism of legal positivists. Legal skepticism is sometimes known as legal realism.

According to Richard Posner, "The skeptical vein in American thinking about law runs from Holmes to the legal realists to the critical legal studies movement, while behind Holmes stretches a European skeptical legal tradition that runs from Thrasymachus (in Plato's Republic) to Hobbes and Bentham and beyond".

Republic (Plato)
The Republic (Ancient Greek: Πολιτεία, romanized: Politeia; Latin: De Republica) is a Socratic dialogue authored by Plato around 375 BC, concerning justice (dikaiosúnē), the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man. It is Plato's best-known work, and one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically.

In the dialogue, Socrates discusses with various Athenians and foreigners the meaning of justice and whether the just man is happier than the unjust man. He considers the natures of existing regimes and then proposes a series of hypothetical cities in comparison, culminating in Kallipolis (Καλλίπολις), a utopian city-state ruled by a class of philosopher-kings. They also discuss ageing, love, theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the role of the philosopher and of poetry in society. The dialogue's setting seems to be the time of the Peloponnesian War.
Xu Hong Yan
Xu Hong Yan is a paralympic athlete from China competing mainly in category F12 shot put and discus events.

She competed in three consecutive paralympics games, winning medals each time.  She first appeared in 1996 Summer Paralympics where she made her only appearance in the javelin and won a silver in the Discus and gold in the shot put.  The following games in Sydney in 2000 Summer Paralympics Hong Yan reversed her medals winning the gold medal in the discus and silver in the shot put.  This was a performance she repeated in her last games in 2004 Summer Paralympics where she again won silver in the shot and gold in the discus.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Ludwig Heusner
Ludwig Heusner (28 November 1843 in Boppard – 27 January 1916 in Giessen) was a German surgeon.

Heusner studied medicine at the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, Würzburg, Bonn and Kiel, receiving his doctorate in 1868. He served as an assistant physician during the Franco-Prussian War, and following the end of hostilities, settled as a general practitioner in Barmen (presently part of the city of Wuppertal). In 1878 he was named senior physician at the hospital in Barmen, and in 1903 was awarded with the title of professor.

In 1898 Heusner co-founded the Vereinigung Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Chirurgen (Union of Lower Rhenish-Westphalian surgeons). In 1904 he was appointed president of the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie (German Society for Orthopedics).

On 19 May 1892 Heusner was the first surgeon to perform a successful repair of a gastric ulcer.

Barmen
Barmen is a former industrial metropolis of the region of Bergisches Land, Germany, which merged with four other towns in 1929 to form the city of Wuppertal.

Barmen, together with the neighbouring town of Elberfeld founded the first electric suspended monorail tramway system, the Schwebebahn floating tram.
Pyrofomes castanopsidis
Pyrofomes castanopsidis is a species of polypore fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011 by Chinese mycologists Bao-Kai Cui and Yu-Cheng Dai. The type collections of the fungus were made in Luofushan Forest Park in Huizhou (Guangdong Province, China), where the fungus was discovered growing on a live plant of Castanopsis. The specific epithet castanopsidis refers to the genus of the host plant.

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park
Zhangjiajie National Forest Park (Chinese: 湖南张家界国家森林公园; pinyin: Húnán Zhāngjiājiè Guójiā Sēnlín Gōngyuán; lit. 'Hunan Zhangjiajie National Forest Park') is a national forest park located in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China. It is one of several national parks within the Wulingyuan Scenic Area.
Noa Eshkol
Noa Eshkol (Hebrew: נועה אשכול; 28 February 1924 – 14 October 2007) was an Israeli dance composer and textile artist.  Eshkol is best known for her co-invention, alongside architect Avraham Wachman, of the Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation (EWMN) System. She and Wachman worked together for over two decades to refine the system and develop its various applications.

In addition to her dance work, Eshkol was known for her "wall carpets" which she began creating in the early 1970s.  She also found the Noa Eshkol Chamber Group and was granted a professorship in the Tel Aviv University in 1972.

Holon
32°01′N 34°46′E﻿ / ﻿32.017°N 34.767°E﻿ / 32.017; 34.767

Holon (Hebrew: חולון, pronounced [χoˈlon] ⓘ) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located south of Tel Aviv. Holon is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. In 2023, it had a population of 192,980, making it the tenth most populous city in Israel. Holon has the second-largest industrial zone in Israel, after Haifa.
Rock Follies of '77 (soundtrack)
Rock Follies of '77 is a soundtrack album of the second series of the UK television drama Rock Follies. Released in 1977 on Polydor Records in both the UK and the US, the album contained 12 tracks from the series as performed by the stars Julie Covington, Charlotte Cornwell and Rula Lenska. In addition, cast member Sue Jones-Davies was a vocalist on many tracks, including the album's hit single "O.K.?" which reached #10 in June 1977.

Peter Van Hooke
Peter Van Hooke (born 6 April 1950) is an English drummer, television and music producer, entrepreneur, and manager with over 350 credits to his name. He created and co-produced the internationally syndicated music series Live from Abbey Road, which was broadcast in 27 countries and licensed in 112 territories worldwide. Van Hooke currently manages acclaimed singer and musician Paul Carrack, who is often described as "the man with the golden voice".

Peter Van Hooke was the drummer for the English band Mike + The Mechanics (from 1985 to 1995) and also drummed for Van Morrison's band (from 1978 to 1984),. During the 1980s, he co-produced (along with Rod Argent) many of Tanita Tikaram's hits.
Ebanks
Ebanks is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ambuyah Ebanks (born c. 1985), Miss Cayman Islands Pageant 2006 winner

Derrin Ebanks (born 1988), Caymanian footballer

Devin Ebanks (born 1989), American basketball player

Georgette Ebanks (1927–2023), Caymanian women's rights activist

Jedd Ebanks (born 1988), Caymanian footballer

Joe Ebanks (born c. 1985), American poker player

Jorge Ebanks (born 1986), Caymanian basketball player

Mark Ebanks (born 1990), Caymanian footballer

Raymond Ebanks (born 1970), Finnish rapper

Ronald Ebanks (born 1983), Caymanian cricketer

Ryan Ebanks (born 1984), Caymanian cricketer

Selita Ebanks (born 1983), Caymanian fashion model

Sharon Ebanks (born 1967/68), former member of the British National Party and one of the founder members of the New Nationalist Party

Wayne Ebanks (born 1964), English footballer

Joe Ebanks
Joe Ebanks (born 1984 or 1985) is an American professional poker player from Ohio. He grew up in Kent and as of 2011 resides in Stow.  He won his first World Series of Poker bracelet at the 2011 World Series of Poker where he made his first final table and had three in the money finishes. Half of his six career WSOP in the money finishes are at short-handed events, and all of them are at No Limit Texas hold 'em.
When Romance Meets Destiny
When Romance Meets Destiny (Korean: 광식이 동생 광태; RR: Gwangsigi dongsaeng Gwangtae; lit. 'Gwang-sik's  Younger Brother Gwang-tae') is a 2005 South Korean romantic comedy about two brothers and their different approaches to love.

Kim Joo-hyuk
Kim Joo-hyuk (3 October 1972 – 30 October 2017) was a South Korean actor. He was known for his leading roles in the films My Wife Got Married (2008), The Servant (2010), and Yourself and Yours (2016), his supporting roles in Confidential Assignment (2017) and Believer (2018), as well as the television series Lovers in Prague (2005), God of War (2012), Hur Jun, The Original Story (2013) and Argon (2017). He was also an original regular cast member on the third season of the KBS2's reality-variety show 2 Days & 1 Night.
Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center
Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center (CBMC), formerly Saint Barnabas Medical Center (SBMC), is a 597-bed non-profit major teaching hospital located in Livingston, New Jersey. An affiliate of RWJBarnabas Health (formerly known as Barnabas Health and Saint Barnabas Health Care System), it is the oldest and largest nonprofit, nonsectarian hospital in New Jersey.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
2019 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Karolína Plíšková was the defending champion, but chose to participate in Korea Open, instead.

Naomi Osaka became the first Japanese player (and the third overall) in 24 years to win the tournament, defeating Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in straight sets.

Zarina Diyas
Zarina Diyas (Kazakh: Зарина Диас; Russian: Зари́на Ди́яс; born 18 October 1993) is a Kazakh professional tennis player. She has reached a career-high of world No. 31 in the singles rankings by the WTA. Diyas has won one singles title on the WTA Tour, at the Japan Open, along with 12 singles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Diyas mostly played on the ITF Circuit until 2014, her breakthrough season. Having started the year outside the top 150, she progressed into the top 40 by September, allowing her to enter tournaments on the WTA Tour more consistently, although she still plays ITF tournaments. She is one of the most successful female tennis players representing Kazakhstan, along with Elena Rybakina and Yulia Putintseva.

Diyas became a member of the Kazakhstan Fed Cup team in 2011 and has played for 10 years, second only to Yulia Putintseva.
Daria Kaleniuk
Daria Kaleniuk (Ukrainian: Дар'я Каленюк) is a Ukrainian civil society activist who is the executive director of the Anti-Corruption Action Center, based in Kyiv. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Kaleniuk came to international media prominence when she asked British prime minister Boris Johnson at a press conference in Warsaw why some London-based Russian oligarchs had not been targeted with sanctions and why he did not support the establishment of a no-fly zone over Ukraine.

Kaleniuk was born in Zhytomyr, Ukraine and studied law at the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and has a Master of Financial Services Law from Chicago-Kent College of Law, supported by the Fulbright Foreign Student Program. She is a member of the Young Global Leaders.

Chicago-Kent College of Law
The Chicago-Kent College of Law is the law school of the Illinois Institute of Technology, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is the second oldest law school in the state of Illinois (after Northwestern Law).

Chicago-Kent was founded in 1888 by Justice Joseph M. Bailey. Today, it employs more than 140 faculty members and hosts more than 700 students in its Juris Doctor program, Master of Laws, and joint degree programs. The school is recognized for its three-year legal writing curriculum and offers J.D. concentrations in business law, criminal litigation, environmental and energy law, intellectual property, labor and employment, and privacy law.
Muhammad Zakaullah
Muhammad Zakaullah NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) PP TI(M) PGAT (Urdu: محمد ذكاءالله ; born 10 January 1958) is a retired admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who was the 20th Chief of Naval Staff of the Pakistan Navy. He was succeeded by Admiral Zafar Mahmood Abbasi.

He is noted for his sportsmanship, having represented Pakistan at the Olympics for a sailing class category and being a gold medallist at the 1990 Asian Games, for which he is a recipient of a national honor.

As naval chief, Admiral Zakaullah is noted for revolutionizing the role of the navy, emphasizing the role of the navy in economic corridor with China and took initiatives to strengthened ties with the Turkish Navy. He also played an active role in establishing the very low frequency facility to provide communications with the submarines as well as ensuring the second-strike capability by commissioning the cruise missile system in the strategic command of the Navy.

Second strike
In nuclear strategy, a retaliatory strike or second-strike capability is a country's assured ability to respond to a nuclear attack with powerful nuclear retaliation against the attacker. To have such an ability (and to convince an opponent of its viability) is considered vital in nuclear deterrence, as otherwise the other side might attempt to win a nuclear war in one massive first strike against its opponent's own nuclear forces.
Sven Goldemann
Sven Goldemann (born 22 June 1969 in Hamburg) is a German curler. He started curling in 1980. At the 2013 Olympic Qualifying Event Goldemann played lead for the John Jahr skipped German men's team. The team finished the round robin in first place with a record of 5-2 and ultimately defeated the team from the Czech Republic to win the event. Goldemann's team went on to represent Germany in the 2014 Winter Olympics, where they finished tenth with a record of 1–8.

Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Qualification event
The qualification event for the curling tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held from December 10 to 15, 2013 at the BLZ Arena in Füssen, Germany. The top two teams from the qualification event qualified their nations to participate in the Olympics. The qualification event was open to any nations that earned qualification points at the 2012 or 2013 World Curling Championships or participated at the 2011 World Curling Championships (the South Korea men's team and the Norway women's team).
Velocity (Women's T20 Challenge)
Velocity were an Indian women's cricket team. They were founded in 2019 to compete in the Women's T20 Challenge, which they played in until the tournament concluded in 2022. They reached the final of the competition twice, in 2019 and 2022, but lost on both occasions.

Danni Wyatt-Hodge
Danielle Nicole Wyatt-Hodge (née Wyatt; born 22 April 1991) is an English cricketer who plays for Surrey, Southern Brave, England and Gujarat Giants. She plays as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm off break. She made her England debut against India in Mumbai on 1 March 2010.
SS HaTikva
SS HaTikva  (from Hebrew: התקוה, 'hope') was a ship which took part in the attempts of in the illegal immigration (Aliyah Bet) to Mandatory Palestine in 1947.

Originally USCGC Gresham, she was acquired by Mossad LeAliyah Bet in February 1947 and renamed HaTikvah. In May 1947, she carried 1,414 Jewish refugees from Italy to Haifa. The crew and passengers were arrested by the British authorities and interned in Cyprus.

Mossad LeAliyah Bet
The Mossad LeAliyah Bet (Hebrew: המוסד לעלייה ב', lit. 'Institution for Immigration B') was a branch of the paramilitary organization Haganah in British Mandatory Palestine, and later the State of Israel, that operated to facilitate Jewish immigration to British Palestine. During the Mandate period, it was facilitating illegal immigration in violation of governmental British restrictions. It operated from 1938 until four years after the founding of the State of Israel in 1952. It was funded directly by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the JDC), and was not subject to the control of the Jewish Agency who operated their own Aliyah department headed by Yitzhak Rafael.

The Yishuv referred to legal immigration as "Aliyah Alef" (Alef is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, corresponding to the Latin A), whilst clandestine immigration was referred to as "Aliyah Bet" (Bet is the second letter, corresponding to the Latin B).
Fret Nice
Fret Nice is a platform game developed by Pieces Interactive AB and published by Tecmo. The game was released on Xbox Live Arcade on February 4, 2010, and PlayStation Network on February 24, 2010. The game was designed to use a guitar controller, but can also be played using a normal gamepad. Players control the "Vibrant Chords", a rock band duo, as they traverse side-scrolling stages while avoiding enemies and hazards. The player can defeat enemies by strumming notes that correspond with their visual appearance, and they progress through the game by earning medals through meeting thresholds in the game.

Reviewers criticized the guitar controller control scheme, noting that the way different actions were mapped to it generally made the game difficult to play. With a standard controller, most critics felt that it was a mostly standard platform game experience that did not differentiate itself from other similar offerings.

Tecmo
Tecmo, Ltd. (テクモ株式会社, Tekumo kabushikigaisha) was a Japanese video game company founded in 1967. It had its headquarters in the Kudankita district of Tokyo. Its subsidiary, Tecmo Inc, was located in Torrance, California. Prior to 1986, Tecmo was formerly known as Tehkan.

Tecmo is known for the Captain Tsubasa, Dead or Alive, Deception, Fatal Frame, Gallop Racer, Monster Rancher, Ninja Gaiden, Rygar, Star Force and Tecmo Bowl video game series. When it was still called Tehkan, the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack, Gridiron Fight and Tehkan World Cup.

In 2009, Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until April 2010 when Tecmo was dissolved. Its brand continued to be used until 2016. Its video game franchises are now owned and published by Koei Tecmo Games.
Areti Teza
Areti Teza (Greek: Αρετή Τέζα; born April 3, 1980, in Athens, Greece) is a female professional volleyball player from Greece, who was a member of the Greece women's national volleyball team. At club level, she played for Greek powerhouse Olympiacos Piraeus from 2012 to 2017 and she currently plays for Artemis Korydallou.

A1 Ethniki Women's Volleyball
The Greek Women's Volleyball League is organised by Hellenic Volleyball Federation (Greek:Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Πετοσφαίρισης).
Panathinaikos won the first championship in 1971. During the first decade, Panathinaikos and ZAON Kifissia dominated. Panathinaikos have won 26 championships.
Red Palace and Red Square
Red Palace and Red Square is located in the middle of Renmin Road and also at the center of Haifeng downtown, Guangdong Province, China. In the Great Revolutionary Period of China, communists in Haifeng County and Lufeng County (now both under Shanwei Municipality) of Guangdong Province led by Peng Pai built up the Hai-Lu-Feng Soviet Worker-Peasant-Soldier Government, the very first soviet regime in China.

Haifeng County
Haifeng County (postal: Hoifung; simplified Chinese: 海丰县; traditional Chinese: 海豐縣; pinyin: Hǎifēng Xiàn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hái-hong-koān) is a county under the administration of Shanwei, in the southeast of Guangdong Province, China.
Irwindale station
Irwindale station is an at-grade light rail station on the A Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located at the intersection of Irwindale Avenue and Avenida Padilla in Irwindale, California, after which the station is named. This station opened on March 5, 2016, as part of Phase 2A of the Gold Line Foothill Extension Project.

Foothill Transit
Foothill Transit is a public transit agency that is government funded by 22 member cities in the San Gabriel and Pomona valleys. It operates a fixed-route bus public transit service in the San Gabriel Valley region of eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States, as well as a rapid bus route to and from downtown Los Angeles from the El Monte Busway, and a few of its local routes reach the far northern and western edge cities of neighboring Orange and San Bernardino counties, respectively. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 9,491,600, or about 28,600 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Popular Theatre Troupe
The Popular Theatre Troupe was an agitprop ensemble formed in Brisbane, Queensland in 1974 as part of a radical movement against Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen's conservative Queensland's government of the day. The troupe toured Australia with a total of 25 original shows between 1974 and 1983. The key players in the ensemble organised ten large community events and were behind many community arts projects.

Creative Australia
Creative Australia, formerly known as the Australia Council for the Arts and the Australia Council, is the country's official arts council, serving as an arts funding and advisory body for the Government of Australia.

The council was announced in 1967 as the Australian Council for the Arts, with the first members appointed the following year. It was made a statutory corporation by the passage of the Australia Council Act 1975. It became the Australia Council in 2013, and then Creative Australia, with a new organisational structure, from 24 August 2023.

The organisation has included several boards within its structure over the years, including more than one incarnation of a Visual Arts Board (VAB), in the 1970s–80s and in the early 2000s.