hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georges Léonnec
Georges Léonnec (1881 – 1940), the brother of the novelist Félix Léonnec, began his career as a cartoonist selling drawings to newspapers in 1899. After participating in World War I he worked as an illustrator for the magazine La Vie Parisienne. He worked for several other publications including Fantasio and Le Sourire. He was also well known for his advertising illustrations for Byrrh apéritif wine, Grands Magasins Dufayel, and the Casino of Paris.

Grands Magasins Dufayel
The Grands Magasins Dufayel was a leading department store in Paris, France, created in 1856 by Jacques François Crespin as the Palais de la Nouveauté (lit. 'Palace of Novelty'), and developed by Crespin's erstwhile employee Georges Dufayel who renamed it after himself in 1890. Aimed at a working-class clientele, it innovated with advertising, art sponsorship and the early development of consumer credit. During its heyday it branded itself as the world's largest department store. The main Dufayel store closed in 1930.
Sweet Valley Twins
Sweet Valley Twins (also known as Sweet Valley Twins and Friends) was the first spin-off to originate from Sweet Valley High, and was created by Francine Pascal and written by Jamie Suzanne. Published by Bantam Books on 1 July 1986, the series starts with the twins wanting to differ from each other. They begin to dress differently; Elizabeth moves into her own room and starts up a sixth-grade newspaper; and Jessica starts wearing make-up and becomes a member of the Unicorn Club.

Francine Pascal
Francine Paula Pascal (née Rubin, May 13, 1932 – July 28, 2024) was an American author best known for her Sweet Valley series of young adult novels. Sweet Valley High, the backbone of the collection, was made into a television series, which led to several spin-offs, including The Unicorn Club and Sweet Valley University. Although most of these books were published in the 1980s and 1990s, they remained so popular that several titles were re-released decades later.
Algi-ye Sofla
Algi-ye Sofla (Persian: الگي سفلي, also Romanized as ‘Algī-ye Soflá) is a village in Bazoft Rural District, Bazoft District, Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 11 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Philippe Alliot
Philippe René Gabriel Alliot (born 27 July 1954) is a French former racing driver and broadcaster, who competed in Formula One from 1984 to 1990 and from 1993 to 1994.

Born and raised in Voves, Alliot initially studied political science before dropping out of university to pursue his racing career. He competed at 116 Formula One Grands Prix across nine seasons for RAM, Ligier, Larrousse and McLaren. Alliot also competed intermittently in the World Sportscar Championship, winning three races from 21 starts and finishing third in the standings in 1991 and 1992 with Peugeot. He also entered 10 editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, finishing third in 1983, 1992 and 1993.

World Sportscar Championship
The World Sportscar Championship was the world endurance racing series run for sports car racing, sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), from 1953 to 1992. The championship evolved from a small collection of the most important sportscar, endurance, and road racing events in Europe and North America with dozens of gentleman drivers at the grid to a professional racing series where the world's largest automakers spent millions of dollars per year.

The official name of the series frequently changed throughout the years but was generally known as the World Sportscar Championship from its inception in 1953. Alongside the Formula One World Championship, it was one of the two major World Championships in circuit motor racing. The championship was revived in the 2012 season under the new name as the FIA World Endurance Championship.
Borgward Kolibri
The Borgward BFK-1 Kolibri, or Borgward-Focke BFK-1 Kolibri, (Kolibri meaning "hummingbird" in German) was a German three-seated utility helicopter built by Borgward, designed by Heinrich Focke and was the first German helicopter after World War II. The helicopter first flew on 8 July 1958 in Bremen, piloted by Ewald Rohlfs.

Henrich Focke
Henrich Focke (8 October 1890 – 25 February 1979) was a German aviation pioneer from Bremen and also a co-founder of the Focke-Wulf company. He is best known as the inventor of the Fw 61, the first successful, practical, and fully controllable helicopter, first flown in 1936. He has been called "father of the helicopter".
Arthur W. Van Horn
Arthur Wesley Van Horn (15 March 1860 – 18 April 1931) was a prolific architect of Bismarck, North Dakota.  
A number of Van Horn's works, alone or as part of his firm (Ritterbush Brothers), are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Mandan, North Dakota
Mandan is a city on the eastern border of Morton County, North Dakota, United States. Founded in 1879 on the west side of the upper Missouri River, it was designated in 1881 as the county seat of Morton County. The population was 24,206 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 24,788 in 2024, making it the eighth-most populous city in North Dakota. Across the Missouri River from Bismarck. Mandan is a core city of the Bismarck metropolitan area.
Providian Financial Building
The Providian Financial Building (also known as the Pacific Gateway Building) is a high-rise office building located at 201 Mission Street in the South of Market district of San Francisco, California. The building stands at a height of 417 feet (127 m) and has 30 stories. Its construction was completed in 1981.

The building is located on an unusual trapezoidal mid-block lot that extends from Mission Street to Howard Street. When it was constructed, the building was flanked by ramps to the Embarcadero Freeway, which have since been torn down.

Trapezoid
In geometry, a trapezoid (/ˈtræpəzɔɪd/) in North American English, or trapezium (/trəˈpiːziəm/) in British English, is a quadrilateral that has at least one pair of parallel sides.

The parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezoid. The other two sides are called the legs or lateral sides. If the trapezoid is a parallelogram, then the choice of bases and legs is arbitrary.

A trapezoid is usually considered to be a convex quadrilateral in Euclidean geometry, but there are also crossed cases. If shape ABCD is a convex trapezoid, then ABDC is a crossed trapezoid. The metric formulas in this article apply in convex trapezoids.
Chandra Prakash Choudhary
Chandra Prakash Choudhary (born 18 August 1967; Hindi pronunciation: [t͡ʃən̪d̪ɾə pɾəkaːʃ t͡ʃɔːd̪ʱ.ɾiː]) is an Indian politician and member of Lok Sabha from Giridih constituency. He is a senior vice president of AJSU party and a 3 time MLA from Ramgarh Vidhan Sabha constituency (2005-19). He has also served as a Minister for Water Resources in the Raghubar Das government.

He is a Kurmi leader and hails from Sandi village located in Chitarpur block of Ramgarh district. He has close ties  with AJSU President Sudesh Mahto. Both his wife Sunita Choudhary and close associate Lambodar Mahto are Ex MLAs from Jharkhand legislative assembly.

Lambodar Mahto
Lambodar Mahto is an Indian politician and former bureaucrat from Jharkhand. He is a general secretary of All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU) Party. He was a member of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from Gomia Constituency. He had also served in Jharkhand Administrative Service.
Pyxidiophoraceae
The Pyxidiophorales are an order of fungi in the class Laboulbeniomycetes. The order was created in 2001 to contain the single family Pyxidiophoraceae, circumscribed in 1971. The Pyxidiophoraceae are mostly coprophilous fungi that associate with mites and other arthropods. The type genus, Pyxidiophora, the largest genus of the family, has about 20 species.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Flupentixol
Flupentixol (INN), also known as flupenthixol (former BAN), marketed under brand names such as Depixol and Fluanxol is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. It was introduced in 1965 by Lundbeck. In addition to single drug preparations, it is also available as flupentixol/melitracen—a combination product containing both melitracen (a tricyclic antidepressant) and flupentixol (marketed as Deanxit).
Flupentixol is  not approved for use in the United States. It is, however, approved for use in the UK, Australia, Canada, Russian Federation, South Africa, New Zealand, Philippines, Iran, Germany, and various other countries.

British Approved Name
A British Approved Name (BAN) is the official, non-proprietary, or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP). The BAN is also the official name used in some countries around the world, because starting in 1953, proposed new names were evaluated by a panel of experts from WHO in conjunction with the BP commission  to ensure naming consistency worldwide (an effort leading to the International Nonproprietary Name system). There is also a British Approved Name (Modified) (BANM).
Bedfordite
The Bedford Whigs (or Bedfordites) were an 18th-century British political faction, led by John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford.  Other than Bedford himself, notable members included John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich; Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Gower; Richard Rigby, who served as principal Commons manager for the group; Thomas Thynne, 3rd Viscount Weymouth; Edward Thurlow; and George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough. The core political-marital alliance at the head of the Bedfordite faction became known as the Bloomsbury Gang.

Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath
Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath (13 September 1734 – 19 November 1796), styled Viscount Weymouth between 1751 and 1789, was a British politician who held several offices during the reign of King George III. He served as Southern Secretary, Northern Secretary and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Bath is possibly best known for his role in the Falklands Crisis of 1770.
Arabian Nights (2001 video game)
Arabian Nights is a 3D action-adventure video game published in 2001 for Microsoft Windows in Europe. It was developed by Silmarils and published by Visiware and Wanadoo Edition. It is based on One Thousand and One Nights. It was released digitally on 20 December 2019 by Silmarils on GOG.com.

GOG.com
GOG.com (formerly Good Old Games) is a digital distribution platform for video games and films. It is operated by GOG sp. z o.o., which was a wholly owned subsidiary of CD Projekt until December 2025, based in Warsaw, Poland. CD Projekt sold GOG to co-founder Michał Kiciński in December 2025.

GOG.com delivers DRM-free video games through its digital platform for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.
Kayalar, Midyat
Kayalar (Arabic: کفر زوطی, romanized: Kafarzota), is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by the Mhallami and had a population of 129 in 2021.

Midyat
Midyat (Syriac: ܡܕܝܕ, romanized: Mëḏyaḏ, Kurdish: Midyad, Arabic: مديات) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,241 km2, and its population is 120,069 (2022).

The town is populated by Kurds, Mhallami and Assyrians. The old Estel neighborhood is about 80 to 85% Kurdish-populated.

Midyat was originally made up of mostly Syriac Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant Christians. The spoken language of Midyat was until recently modern Aramaic (Surayt) and the town has throughout history been considered the capital of the Tur Abdin region, the heartland of Syriac Christianity.
Piaggio Zip
The Piaggio Zip is a scooter that is manufactured by Piaggio. All Zip models have a CVT automatic transmission, sometimes referred to as a twist & go transmission due to its lack of gears and use of an automatic centrifugal clutch, sharing several components with other models in the range. Several companies such as Malossi, Polini and PM Tuning offer an extensive catalogue of tuning parts for the 50 cc and 125  models.

Centrifugal clutch
A centrifugal clutch is an automatic clutch that uses centrifugal force to operate. The output shaft is disengaged at lower rotational speed and engages as the output increases to a certain speed. It is often used in mopeds, underbones, lawn mowers, go-karts, chainsaws, mini bikes, and some paramotors and boats to keep the engine from stalling when the output shaft is slowed or stopped abruptly, and to remove load when starting and idling. It has been superseded for automobile applications by the fluid coupling, torque converter and automated manual transmissions.
German submarine U-96 (1940)
German submarine U-96 was a Type VIIC U-boat of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) during World War II. It was made famous after the war in Lothar-Günther Buchheim's 1973 bestselling novel Das Boot and the 1981 Oscar-nominated film adaptation of the same name, both based on his experience on the submarine as a war correspondent in 1941.

The keel was laid down on 16 September 1939, by Germaniawerft, of Kiel as yard number 601. She was commissioned on 14 September 1940, with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock in command. Lehmann-Willenbrock was relieved in March 1942 by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Jürgen Hellriegel, who was relieved in turn in March 1943 by Oblt.z.S. Wilhelm Peters. In February 1944, Oblt.z.S. Horst Willner took command, turning the boat over to Oblt.z.S. Robert Rix in June of that year. Rix commanded the boat until 15 February 1945.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Lukman Hakim
Lukman Hakim (6 June 1914 – 20 August 1966) was an Indonesian economist and diplomat who served as Minister of Finance between 1948 and 1950, serving under both the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of Indonesia during the United States of Indonesia period. He was also the Governor of Bank Indonesia between 1958–1959, and the Ambassador to West Germany between 1961 and his death in 1966.

United States of Indonesia
The United States of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Serikat, lit. 'Republic of the United States of Indonesia'; Dutch: Verenigde Staten van Indonesië; abbreviated as RIS or RUSI, also known as Federal Republic of Indonesia) was a short-lived federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies (except Netherlands New Guinea) on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. This transfer ended the four-year conflict between Indonesian nationalists and the Netherlands for control of Indonesia.  It lasted less than a year, before being replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia.
Mill Creek, Puslinch
Mill Creek is a groundwater-fed stream located in the Township of Puslinch, in southwestern Ontario. Mill Creek is part of the Grand River watershed.

The Friends of Mill Creek (FoMC) community group organizes ecological restoration activities on Mill Creek, including a youth stewardship rangers program.

Southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario (census population 2,796,367 in 2021) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies most of the Ontario Peninsula, bounded by Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay) to the north and northwest, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River to the west, and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe. It borders the United States via Michigan.
Shire of Warrnambool
The Shire of Warrnambool was a local government area located about 260 kilometres (162 mi) west-southwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 1,605 square kilometres (619.7 sq mi), and existed from 1854 until 1994.

The Shire of Warrnambool took in the rural areas around the regional city of Warrnambool, including the small towns of Allansford, Woolsthorpe, Panmure, Peterborough and (after 1985) Koroit. Warrnambool's urban area was managed by a separate entity, the City of Warrnambool.

Peterborough, Victoria
Peterborough (/ˈpiːtərbərə/) is a town on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria, Australia, approximately three hours' drive from Melbourne. The town is situated on land to the west side of the mouth of the Curdies River.
Carry On Loving
Carry On Loving is a 1970 British comedy film, the 20th release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958–1992). It was directed by Gerald Thomas and features series regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Hattie Jacques, Terry Scott and Bernard Bresslaw alongside newcomers Richard O'Callaghan (in his first Carry On) and Imogen Hassall (in her only Carry On role). The dialogue veers toward open bawdiness rather than the evasive innuendo characteristic of the earlier films in the series. The film was followed by Carry On Henry in 1971.

British comedy
In film, television, theatre, and radio, British comedy has produced some of the most renowned characters in the world. In it, satire is one of the features of British humour. Radio comedy in Britain has been almost exclusively hosted on the BBC.
2007 F1 Powerboat World Championship
The 2007 UIM F1 World Championship was the 24th season of Formula 1 Powerboat racing. The calendar consisted of eight events, beginning in Portimao, Portugal on 13 May 2007, and ending in Sharjah, UAE on 14 December 2007. Sami Seliö, driving for F1 Team Energy, secured his maiden drivers' title, the first driver outside of Italy, the US and the UK to do so.

Union Internationale Motonautique
The Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM) is the international governing body of powerboating, based in the Principality of Monaco.  It was founded in 1922, in Belgium, as the Union Internationale du Yachting Automobile.
Gokuladasi
Gokuladasi (transl.  Gokulam's Devotee) is a 1948 Indian Tamil-language film directed and produced by K. Subrahmanyam. The film stars C. Honnappa Bhagavathar and M. V. Rajamma in lead roles, with T. R. Ramachandran, N. Krishnamurthi, Lalitha, and Padmini in supporting roles.

M. V. Rajamma
M. V. Rajamma (10 March 1918 – 23 April 1999) was an Indian actress, producer and playback singer of films mostly in Tamil,  Kannada and Telugu languages from the 1930s through 1970s. She has the distinction of having acted as both heroine and mother to stalwart South Indian actors such as Dr. Rajkumar, Sivaji Ganesan, MGR and NTR. Karnataka Government established M. V. Rajamma Award in her honor.

Making her debut as a lead actress in the 1936 released Kannada movie Samsara Nauka, Rajamma enjoyed an elaborate career in feature films across South India. She was the first and foremost woman producer in South India and in Kannada films. She produced the film Radha Ramana in 1943 under her own home banner Vijaya Films. Her entry to the Tamil films was through the 1940 classic hit film Uthama Puthiran. She went on to star in about 60 Kannada, 80 Tamil, 20 Telugu and one Hindi films in her career spanning around four decades.
D3O
D3O is the namesake ingredient brand of British company D3O Lab, specializing in rate-sensitive impact protection technologies based on dilatant materials, also known as viscoelastic or shear thickening materials.

The brand focuses on designing and adding materials, including set foams, formable foams, set elastomers, and formable elastomers. to various products to improve their flexibility, durability, or impact-protection compared to unarmored, hard-armored, or foam-armored products.

D3O is sold in multiple countries, it is used in sports and motorcycle gear, protective cases for consumer electronics, industrial workwear, and military protection, including helmet pads and limb protectors.  Competitors also producing viscoelastic armor pads include RHEON, SAS-TEC, Knox MicroLock and TF impact armor.

Internationale Fachmesse für Sportartikel und Sportmode
ISPO (originally Internationale Fachmesse für Sportartikel und Sportmode) is an international platform for the sporting goods and sports fashion industry. Founded in 1970 in Munich, Germany, ISPO has developed a global network connecting manufacturers, brands, retailers, startups, athletes and media across the sports business.

The core event, ISPO Munich, takes place annually in Munich. The event gathers over 80,000 industry professionals from more than 120 countries annually, featuring exhibitions, awards, and conferences. In addition to ISPO Munich, regional trade fairs such as ISPO Beijing and ISPO Shanghai serve the Asian markets.

Over time, ISPO has expanded its scope to include innovation, awards, and knowledge formats related to sustainability, fashion, technology, and health in sport.
Orobanche crenata
Orobanche crenata is a species of broomrape, commonly known as bean broomrape. It is a common parasite of the faba bean, Vicia faba.  It is native to the Mediterranean basin in Europe and North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Western Asia through to Iran. It has been introduced elsewhere, including Ethiopia. It has no chlorophyll, and gets its carbohydrates from the host's phloem, and water and minerals from the host's xylem. It is a constant threat to legume production. In the Apulia region of southern Italy, the stems of Orobanche crenata are gathered and eaten.

Phloem
Pith

Protoxylem

Metaxylem

Phloem

Sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

Cortex

Epidermis

Phloem (/ˈfloʊ.əm/, FLOH-əm) is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant. This transport process is called translocation. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, hence the name, derived from the Ancient Greek word φλοιός (phloiós), meaning "bark". The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858. Different types of phloem can be distinguished. The early phloem formed in the growth apices is called protophloem. Protophloem eventually becomes obliterated once it connects to the durable phloem in mature organs, the metaphloem. Further, secondary phloem is formed during the thickening of stem structures.