hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery
Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located on Fort Leavenworth, a United States Army installation north of Leavenworth, Kansas. It was officially established in 1862, but was used as a burial ground as early as 1844, and was one of the twelve original United States National Cemeteries designated by Abraham Lincoln. The cemetery is the resting place of nine Medal of Honor recipients, but most are the less famous casualties of war. It was named for Brigadier General Henry Leavenworth, who was re-interred there in 1902 from Woodland Cemetery in Delhi, New York. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it occupies approximately 36.1 acres (14.6 ha) and was site to over 22,000 interments, as of 2020. It is maintained by Leavenworth National Cemetery.

Leavenworth, Kansas
Leavenworth (/ˈlɛvənˌwɜːrθ/) is the county seat of and the largest city in Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States. Part of the Kansas City metropolitan area, Leavenworth is located on the west bank of the Missouri River, on the site of Fort Leavenworth, built in 1827. The city became known in American history for its role as a key supply base in the settlement of the American West. During the Civil War, many volunteers joined the Union Army from Leavenworth.  The city has been notable as the location of several prisons, particularly the United States Disciplinary Barracks and United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 37,351.
Randi Hansen
Randi Hansen (born 24 November 1958, in Tromsø) is a Norwegian pop singer who formerly lived in Harstad, where she had a background as a music teacher at Heggen videregående skole. She was most active in the 1980s, and is best known for the song "Hvis æ fikk være sola di", which is on her debut album, Ho Randi. This sold 80,000 copies.

She released six solo albums before she took a pause in her career and raised a family, and has worked on twelve other albums. However, in 2008, she came back with a new album: Tid som går.

Harstad Municipality
Harstad (Norwegian: [ˈhɑ̂ʂːʈɑ] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Hárstták) is the second-most populated municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is mostly located on the large island of Hinnøya. The municipal center is the town of Harstad, which is the most populous town in Central Hålogaland and the third-largest in all of Northern Norway. The town was incorporated in 1904. Villages in the municipality include Elgsnes, Fauskevåg, Gausvika, Grøtavær, Kasfjord, Lundenes, Nergården and Sørvika.

The 445-square-kilometre (172 sq mi) municipality is the 225th largest by area out of Norway's 357 municipalities and the 49th most populous, with a population of 25,056. The municipality's population density is 56.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (146/sq mi) and the population has increased by 2.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Hericium
Hericium is a genus of edible mushrooms in the family Hericiaceae. Species in this genus are white and fleshy and grow on dead or dying wood; fruiting bodies resemble a mass of fragile icicle-like spines that are suspended from either a branched supporting framework or from a tough, unbranched cushion of tissue.

Their distinctive structures have earned Hericium species a variety of common names—monkey's head, lion's mane, and bear's head are examples. Taxonomically, this genus was previously placed within the order Aphyllophorales, but recent molecular studies now place it in the Russulales.

Aphyllophorales
The Aphyllophorales is an obsolete order of fungi in the Basidiomycota. The order is entirely artificial, bringing together a miscellany of species now grouped among the clavarioid fungi, corticioid fungi, cyphelloid fungi, hydnoid fungi, and poroid fungi.
Pressure-volume curves
In ecology, pressure-volume curves describe the relationship between total water potential (Ψt) and relative water content (R) of living organisms. These values are widely used in research on plant-water relations and provide valuable information on the turgor, osmotic and elastic properties of plant tissues.

According to the Boyle–v'ant Hoff Relation, the product of osmotic potential and volume of solution should be a constant for any given amount of osmotically active solutes in an ideal osmotic system.

= A constant

is osmotic potential and  is volume of solution.

This can then be manipulated to a linear relation which describes the ideal situation:

=  A constant

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Modified 1719 Establishment Group
The Modified 1719 Establishment Group of sixth rates were basically identical to the 1719 Establishment Group except they were two feet wider. One ship would be a rebuild of an earlier vessel and one vessel of new construction. These vessels like the 1719 Establishment Group would have no lower gun ports, however, would have ten oar ports per side on the lower deck. These ships would be constructed between 1729 and 1732.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.
Broadway Hostess
Broadway Hostess is a 1935 American romantic comedy musical film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Wini Shaw, Genevieve Tobin and Lyle Talbot. The film was nominated at the 1935 Academy Awards for the short lived Best Dance Direction category. For which Bobby Connolly was nominated for, along with the film Go into Your Dance.

Academy Award for Best Dance Direction
The Academy Award for Best Dance Direction was presented from 1935 to 1937, after which it was discontinued due to pressure from the directors' branch. It is the only category for which a Marx Brothers film received an Oscar nomination, for the dance number "All God's Chillun Got Rhythm" in A Day at the Races (1937).
Dick Faust
Richard Emmet Faust (July 27, 1903 – April 15, 1955) was an American football player.

An Ohio native, Faust attended Steele High School and Otterbein College.

He also played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a tackle, guard, and end for the Dayton Triangles. He appeared in 14 NFL games, 10 as a starter, over the course of the 1924, 1928, and 1929 seasons.

After retiring from football, he worked as a foreman at the Frigidaire plant in Moraine, Ohio. He lived in Dayton, Ohio, for approximately the last 40 years of his life. He died in an automobile accident in 1955 at age 51.

Otterbein University
Otterbein University is a private university in Westerville, Ohio, United States. The university was founded in 1847 by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ and named for United Brethren founder, Philip William Otterbein. It has been associated since 1968 with the United Methodist Church.

It is primarily an undergraduate institution with approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 240 graduate students on campus.  The school's mascot is Cardy the Cardinal and the school is a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference in NCAA Division III athletics.
Pattambi Taluk
Pattambi is a taluk at the western end of the Palakkad district in the state of Kerala, India. The town of Pattambi is the administrative headquarters of the taluk. Pattambi taluk is bounded by Ottapalam Taluk of Palakkad district to the east, Ponnani taluk of Malappuram district to the west, Tirur and Perinthalmanna Taluks of Malappuram district to the north, and Kunnamkulam Taluk of Thrissur district to the south.

Kunnamkulam
Kunnamkulam Malayalam: [kun̪ːəm kuɭ̺ːəm] is a municipal town located in the Thrissur District of Kerala, India, with historical origins tracing back to the Paleolithic age. Its strategic location and excellent connectivity make it an important economic and cultural node, linking the southern regions of Kerala with North Malabar, and serving as a crucial point for travel and trade. Kunnamkulam is situated approximately—Thrissur (22 km south), Kochi (90 km south), and Palakkad (80 km northeast) and 8 km from the renowned pilgrimage centre of Guruvayur.
Bob Spoo
Robert Allen Spoo (November 2, 1937 – October 15, 2018) was an American college football coach. He served as the head football coach at Eastern Illinois University from 1987 to 2011 (with an interruption in 2006 due to surgery), compiling a record of 144–131–1. Spoo led the Eastern Illinois Panthers to five conference titles, nine playoff berths, and ten finishes in the Top 25 polls. He coached nine First Team All-Americans, including Tristan Burge and Tony Romo.

Spoo was an alumnus of Purdue University and a former quarterback on the Purdue Boilermakers football team. Prior to receiving the head coaching position at Eastern Illinois, Spoo served as an assistant at Purdue and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He also coached at the high school level.

Spoo and his wife, Suzie, had one daughter. After retiring, the Spoos continued to reside in Charleston, Illinois. He died on October 15, 2018, at the age of 80.

Eastern Illinois University
Eastern Illinois University (EIU, Eastern) is a comprehensive public university in Charleston, Illinois, United States. Established in 1895, EIU offers a broad range of curricula leading to bachelor's and master's degrees within its four Colleges (Arts and Sciences, Business and Technology, Education, and Health & Human Services).
INS Brahmaputra
Following ships of the Indian Navy have been named Brahmaputra:

INS Brahmaputra (F31) (1957) was a Type 41, Leopard-class frigate ordered for the Royal Navy as HMS Panther but transferred to India and renamed Brahmaputra before launching in 1957, commissioned in 1958. She was scrapped in 1986

INS Brahmaputra (F31) (1994) is a Brahmaputra-class frigate commissioned in 2000

Brahmaputra-class frigate
The Brahmaputra-class frigates (Type 16A or Project 16A) are guided-missile frigates of the Indian Navy, designed and built in India. They are an enhancement of the Godavari class, with a displacement of 3850 tons and a length of 126 metres (413 ft). Although of similar hull and dimension, internally, the Brahmaputra and Godavari classes have different configurations, armaments and capabilities. 3 ships of this class serve in the Indian Navy.

The class and the lead ship, INS Brahmaputra, are named after the River Brahmaputra. Subsequent ships of the class, INS Betwa and INS Beas are also named for Indian rivers.
2-nitropropane dioxygenase
In enzymology, a 2-nitropropane dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.32) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2 2-nitropropane + O2  2 acetone + 2 nitrite

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-nitropropane and O2, whereas its two products are acetone and nitrite.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-nitropropane:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in nitrogen metabolism.  It has 3 cofactors: FAD, Iron,  and FMN.

Nitrite
The nitrite ion has the chemical formula NO−2. Nitrite (mostly sodium nitrite) is widely used throughout chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The nitrite anion is a pervasive intermediate in the nitrogen cycle in nature. The name nitrite also refers to organic compounds having the –ONO group, which are esters of nitrous acid.
Tanwé-Hessou
Tanwé-Hessou is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Zogbodomey. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 7,512.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
Laceby
Laceby is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A46 road, just outside the western boundary of Grimsby. Laceby's population at the 2001 Census was 2,886, increasing to 3,259 at the 2011 Census.  The village is noted for its parish church of St Margaret's, parts of which date to the 12th century.

Kelly's Directory
Kelly's Directory (or more formally, the Kelly's, Post Office and Harrod & Co Directory) was a trade directory in Britain that listed all businesses and tradespeople in a particular city or town, as well as a general directory of postal addresses of local gentry, landowners, charities, and other facilities.  In effect, it was a Victorian version of today's Yellow Pages.  Many reference libraries still keep their copies of these directories, which are now an important source for historical research.
Rademacher's theorem
In mathematical analysis, Rademacher's theorem, named after Hans Rademacher, states the following: If U is an open subset of Rn and f: U → Rm is Lipschitz continuous, then f is differentiable almost everywhere in U; that is, the points in U at which f is not differentiable form a set of Lebesgue measure zero. Differentiability here refers to infinitesimal approximability by a linear map, which in particular asserts the existence of the coordinate-wise partial derivatives.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
1969 FA Charity Shield
The 1969 FA Charity Shield was the 47th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by the league champions, Leeds United, and Manchester City, the cup winners. Leeds won the match 2–1, with goals from Eddie Gray and Jack Charlton. Colin Bell scored a consolation for City.

This match saw the début of Allan Clarke for Leeds United following his £165,000 transfer from Leicester City during the summer. Clarke was on the losing side to Manchester City in the previous season's FA Cup. Leeds took the lead after Giles' long ball into the box was headed across the six yard box for Gray to score. Leeds increased their lead three minutes later when Charlton headed in a free kick form Giles. Manchester City scored a late goal when Bell shot in following a goalkeeper error at a corner kick.

Colin Bell (footballer, born 1946)
Colin Bell MBE (26 February 1946 – 5 January 2021) was an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Bell, known for his thirteen-year spell at Manchester City, is regarded as the club's greatest-ever player, and was part of the Bell–Lee–Summerbee trio in the late 1960s and 1970s. Bell made 48 appearances for the England national football team; he was an unused squad member at UEFA Euro 1968 and played in three matches at the 1970 FIFA World Cup.

During his playing career, he was nicknamed "The King of the Kippax" (after Maine Road's Kippax Street terraced stand renowned for its singing) and Nijinsky (after the famous racehorse, due to his renowned stamina). In 2004, the West Stand of City of Manchester Stadium was later named in his honour.
Kunt
Kunt is a Turkish surname. It means "strong" or "durable" in Old Turkic.

Notable people with the surname include:

Burakcan Kunt, Turkish soccer player

Josef Kunt, Czech Olympic fencer

Murat Kunt (born 1945), Swiss scientist

Murat Kunt
Murat Kunt (born 16 January 1945) is a Swiss scientist of Turkish origin. He is known for his research and teaching in the general area of digital signal processing and image and video processing in particular. He is the author of more than 240 publications, 15 books and 16 patents. He played a pioneering role in digital image and video compression. Among the 75 doctoral students he supervised, 20 are now university professors.
East Lake, Atlanta
East Lake is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, situated in DeKalb County. It is the easternmost of the 238 neighborhoods in the City of Atlanta. It is home to East Lake Golf Club, the site of PGA's annual Tour Championship. East Lake lies mostly within the 30317 zip code.

Asa Griggs Candler
Asa Griggs Candler Sr. (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929) was an American business magnate and politician who in 1888 purchased the Coca-Cola recipe for $238.98 (equivalent to $8,363 in 2024) from chemist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. Candler founded the Coca-Cola Company in 1892 and developed it as a major company.

Prominent among civic leaders of Atlanta, Candler was elected and served as the 41st mayor of the city, from 1916 to 1919. Candler Field, the site of the present-day Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, was named after him, as is Candler Park in Atlanta. As head of Coca-Cola, he built the Candler Building in Atlanta, as well as one in Kansas City (which became known as the Western Auto Building), a Candler Building in New York City, and one in what is now known as the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore, Maryland.
Pagination
Pagination, also known as paging, is the process of dividing a document into discrete pages, either electronic pages or printed pages.

In reference to books produced without a computer, pagination can mean the consecutive page numbering to indicate the proper order of the pages, which was rarely found in documents pre-dating 1500, and only became common practice c. 1550, when it replaced foliation, which numbered only the front sides of folios.

Widows and orphans
In typesetting, widows and orphans are single lines of text from a paragraph that dangle at either the beginning or end of a block of text, or form a very short final line at the end of a paragraph. When split across pages, they occur at either the head or foot of a page (or column), unaccompanied by additional lines from the same paragraph. The pairing of the two terms with their definitions has no consistent standard across the industry; some sources use the opposite meanings to others.

Additionally, runts (which varying sources also call widows or orphans) are cases where a paragraph anywhere on a page ends with a very short final line. They give an impression of excessive empty space between that and the following paragraph.
Rouse Hill House
Rouse Hill Estate is a heritage-listed homestead and estate off Windsor Road (356 Annangrove Road), Rouse Hill, City of Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia. Rouse Hill House and farm was the family home of Richard Rouse, the Colonial Superintendent of Public Works and Convicts at Parramatta.

The homestead, in the Australian Georgian style, was developed between 1813 and 1819 with further developments in c. 1863. The homestead is managed by Museums of History New South Wales as a museum that is open to the public. Much of the former grounds have been transformed into Rouse Hill Regional Park and subsequent residential and commercial developments. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Homestead (building)
A homestead is an isolated dwelling, especially a farmhouse, and adjacent outbuildings, typically on a large agricultural holding such as a ranch or station.

In North America the word "homestead" historically referred to land claimed by a settler or squatter under the Homestead Acts (United States) or the Dominion Lands Act (Canada). In Old English, the term was used to mean a human settlement, and in Southern Africa the term is used for a cluster of several houses normally occupied by a single extended family.

In Australia, it refers to the owner's house and the associated outbuildings of a pastoral property, known as a station. Some large and historic homesteads, especially those that resemble a mansion with large tracts of farmland, are often called "estates", and can be analogous to the English country house, châteaux, or a schloss, but are much younger and modest compared to their European counterparts. Examples include Booloominbah and Iandra Castle.
Maszutkinie
Maszutkinie [maʂutˈkiɲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiżajny, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.

In the years 1954–1957 the village belonged and was the seat of the authorities of the Maszutkinie commune, after its abolition in the Wiżajny commune. In the years 1975–1998 the town administratively belonged to the Suwałki Voivodeship.

The village was founded in 1867–1868 as a result of granting 476 acres of land to 143 families of landless peasantry on the lands of the government manor of Ejszeryszki.

Suwałki County
Suwałki County (Polish: powiat suwalski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the Lithuanian border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Suwałki, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 1,307.31 square kilometres (504.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 35,689. It includes the protected area known as Suwałki Landscape Park.