hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beuth (locomotive)
BEUTH was a 2-2-2 steam locomotive manufactured by Borsig in 1843 and  was the first steam locomotive developed independently in Germany. Borsig had previously built locomotives based on American models. The locomotive won a race against a model by Stephenson by about ten minutes and was considered the prototype of fast German locomotive designs for the next ten years. A driving axle and two running axles as well as a vertical boiler ensured comparatively high speeds. It was named after the head of the Prussian trade academy Christian Peter Wilhelm Beuth, who had prophesied to August Borsig that nothing would ever come of it. A replica of the locomotive is currently on display in the German Museum of Technology in Berlin.

Carrying wheel
A carrying wheel on a steam locomotive is a wheel that is not driven; i.e., it is uncoupled and can run freely, unlike a coupled or driving wheel. It is also described as a running wheel and its axle may be called a carrying axle. A carrying wheel is referred to as leading wheel if it is at the front, or a trailing wheel if it is at the rear of the locomotive.
Thinaboomi
Thinaboomi is a Tamil daily newspaper headquartered in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The newspaper was established in the late 1990s by S. Manimaran. It is printed and published from Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Salem, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Vellore and Pondicherry.

Salem, Tamil Nadu
Salem (pronounced [seːlam] ⓘ) is a major tier II city in Salem district, located on the banks of the Thirumanimutharu river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu surrounded by mountains. Salem is the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the state, and the third largest metropolitan region. The city is 124 km2 (48 sq mi) large.
2008 Magny-Cours GP2 Series round
2008 Magny-Cours GP2 Series round was a GP2 Series motor race held on June 21 and June 22, 2008 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in Magny-Cours, France. It was the fourth race of the 2008 GP2 Series season. The race was used to support the 2008 French Grand Prix.

Magny-Cours
Magny-Cours (French pronunciation: [maɲi kuʁ]) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

It is the home of the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours, a famous motor racing circuit (whose name is often abbreviated to 'Magny-Cours'). It formerly hosted the Formula One French Grand Prix.

Magny-Cours also hosts the Conservatoire de la monoplace française.
Betta bellica
Betta bellica. the slim betta or slender betta,  is a species of betta native to eastern Sumatra in Indonesia and Peninsular Malaysia.  It is an inhabitant of swamp forests and peat swamps.  This species grows to a length of 10 cm (3.9 in).  It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Freshwater swamp forest
Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests, are forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally. They normally occur along the lower reaches of rivers and around freshwater lakes. Freshwater swamp forests are found in a range of climate zones, from boreal through temperate and subtropical to tropical.
Roe (ship)
Several vessels have been named Roe:

Roe (1797 ship) was built in France in 1787 and in 1797 became a Liverpool-based British slave ship. The French captured her in 1798 after she had delivered a cargo of slaves to Demerara.

Roe (1801 ship) was launched in France in 1792, almost certainly under another name. The British captured her and between 1801 and 1808 she became a slave ship, making four voyages out of Liverpool. After the end of the British slave trade Roe traded with Brazil. The Americans captured her in 1812 but she was quickly recaptured. She was wrecked in November 1814 at Liverpool.

Roe (1797 ship)
Roe was launched in France in 1787, almost certainly under another name. She was taken in prize and became a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade of enslaved people. The French captured her in 1798, as she was on her way home after she had delivered captives to Demerara.
Component theorem
In the mathematical classification of finite simple groups, the component theorem of Aschbacher (1975, 1976) shows that if G is a simple group of odd type, and various other assumptions are satisfied, then G has a centralizer of an involution with a  "standard component" with small centralizer.

Simple group
In mathematics, a simple group is a nontrivial group whose only normal subgroups are the trivial group and the group itself.  A group that is not simple can be broken into two smaller groups, namely a nontrivial normal subgroup and the corresponding quotient group. This process can be repeated, and for finite groups one eventually arrives at uniquely determined simple groups, by the Jordan–Hölder theorem.

The complete classification of finite simple groups, completed in 2004, is a major milestone in the history of mathematics.
Mark Colón
Mark Christian Colón is an American attorney and housing official who currently serves as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Housing at the Pentagon. He was previously a nominee for Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development at the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development.

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the secretary of housing and urban development, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
Yesenia Restrepo
Yesenia María Restrepo Muñoz (born 3 June 1982) is a Colombian Paralympic athlete. She won the bronze medal in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay T11-T13 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

She also won the bronze medal in the women's discus throw F11 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Yekaterinburg Time
Yekaterinburg Time (YEKT) is the time zone five hours ahead of UTC (UTC+05:00) and 2 hours ahead of Moscow Time (MSK+2).

In 2011, Russia moved to year-round daylight saving time.  Instead of switching between UTC+05:00 in winter and UTC+06:00 in summer, Yekaterinburg time was set to UTC+06:00 until 2014, when it was reset back to UTC+05:00 year-round.

The time zone applies to the Ural Federal District, and Bashkortostan, Orenburg Oblast and Perm Krai in the Volga Federal District.

Ural Federal District
Ural Federal District (Russian: Уральский федеральный округ, IPA: [ʊˈralʲskʲɪj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its population was 12,080,523 (79.9% urban) according to the 2010 census.

The district was established on 13 May 2000 by a decree of the President of Russia. It is located at the border of the European and Asian parts of Russia. The administrative centre of the district is the city of Yekaterinburg.

The district contributes 18% to Russia's Gross Regional Product (GRP), although its population is only 8.5% of the Russian total.
Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa (Arabic: لواء ثوار الرقة, romanized: Liwā' Thūwwār ar-Raqqah, lit. 'Raqqa Revolutionaries' Brigade') was a rebel group in the Syrian Civil War. It was formed in September 2012 in the Raqqa Governorate. Aligned with jihadist factions for its first years, at the end of 2015, it joined the Syrian Democratic Forces. During an interview by Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi in 2015, Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa's media director stated that the group wants a "civil democratic state". He also claimed that the group had no relations with the Syrian National Coalition based in Turkey.

Between the end of 2015 and mid-2017, the group was known as Jabhat Thuwar al-Raqqa (Arabic: جبهة ثوار الرقة, romanized: Jabhat Thūwwār ar-Raqqah), or the Front of Raqqa Revolutionaries.

Tell Abyad
Tell Abyad also spelled Tal Abyad, is a town in northern Syria. It is the administrative center of the Tell Abyad District within the Raqqa Governorate. Located along the Balikh River, it constitutes a divided city with the bordering city of Akçakale in Turkey.
Hypolimnetic aeration
Deep-water aeration, also known as hypolimnetic aeration, describes the provision of oxygen from the atmosphere to meet oxygen demand in deep water without disrupting the natural stratification of the water above. This process promotes the development of aerobic conditions in deep water, leading to a significant reduction in phosphate dissolution and an improvement in sediment mineralization. Scientific studies support the effectiveness of implementing technical ventilation measures to maintain year-round aerobic conditions in the deep water, thereby restoring the natural balance of lakes.

Mineralization (soil science)
In soil science, mineralization is the decomposition (i.e., oxidation) of the chemical compounds in organic matter, by which the nutrients in those compounds are released in soluble inorganic forms that may be available to plants. Mineralization is the opposite of immobilization.

Mineralization increases the bioavailability of the nutrients that were in the decomposing organic compounds, most notably (because of their quantities) nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Whether the decomposition of an organic compound will result in mineralization or immobilization is dependent on its concentration proportionate to that of the carbon in the organic matter. As a rule of thumb, if the concentration of a specific element exceeds the needs of the decomposer for biosynthesis or storage, then it will mineralize.
Kamera lens
Kamera lens is a unicellular, flagellate organism and the only species in the genus Kamera. Though the species has been known for centuries, it is poorly understood. Its systematic position within the Eukaryota is uncertain.

Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.
Lockwood & Co. (TV series)
Lockwood & Co. is a British supernatural detective thriller television series developed by Joe Cornish for Netflix based on the book series by Jonathan Stroud. Consisting of eight episodes, it premiered on 27 January 2023. It follows the plots of the first two books, The Screaming Staircase and The Whispering Skull. In May 2023, the series was cancelled after one season.

Ivanno Jeremiah
Ivanno Jeremiah is an English actor of Ugandan and Rwandan heritage. He is known for his appearances in Humans (2015-2018) and in the episode Shut Up and Dance (2016) of the anthology series Black Mirror.
Madhuri Barthwal
Madhuri Barthwal née Uniyal is a folk singer of Uttarakhand, India. She is the first woman to be a music composer in All India Radio. She is said to be the first female musician from Uttarakhand to become a music teacher. On International Women's Day in 2019 she was awarded the Nari Shakti Puraskar by Ram Nath Kovind. She was awarded the Padma Shri India's fourth highest civilian award in 2022 by the Indian government in the field of art.

All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), also known as Akashvani (lit. 'Voice from the sky'  or 'Oracle'), is India's state-owned public radio broadcaster. Founded in 1936, it operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and is one of the two divisions of Prasar Bharati. Headquartered at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, FM Section, and National Service. It also serves as the home of the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra.

All India Radio is one the largest radio network in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast, the socioeconomic diversity it serves, and the scale of its broadcasting organisation. AIR's domestic service includes 420 stations nationwide, covering nearly 92% of India's geographic area and 99.19% of its population, with programming available in 23 languages and 179 dialects.
Seleznivka, Luhansk Oblast
Seleznivka (Ukrainian: Селезнівка) is a rural settlement in Alchevsk urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 2,429 (2022 estimate)

Until 18 July 2020, Seleznivka was located in Perevalsk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Luhansk Oblast to eight, of which only four were controlled by the government. The area of Perevalsk Raion was merged into Alchevsk Raion. However, the area of raion is controlled by the Luhansk People's Republic, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.

Alchevsk Raion
Alchevsk Raion (Ukrainian: Алчевський район; Russian: Алчевский район) is a prospective raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the town of Alchevsk. Population: 437,513 (2021 est.). The area of the raion is occupied by Russia, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.
UBP-302
UBP-302 is a highly selective kainate receptor antagonist used in the study of many neurological processes. It is active at micromolar concentration within an in vitro preparation and specifically targets the GluK1 (iGluR5) subunit of the receptor. This compound was developed at the University of Bristol.

UBP-310 and UBP-316 (ACET) are related N3-substituted willardiine derivatives.

Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called amount-of-substance concentration or molarity) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Specifically, it is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter, having the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 (1000 mol/m3) in SI units. Molar concentration is often depicted with square brackets around the substance of interest; for example, the molarity of the hydronium ion is denoted as [H3O+].
Christopher Basstian
Christopher Basstian (1820–1895) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from Southland, New Zealand.

He represented the Wallace electorate in 1875, from 6 August to 6 December. One newspaper said before the by-election  Mr Basstian's strong squatting proclivities ought certainly to prevent him getting the support of the "bona fide" settlers of the district and those who have any regard for its future prosperity (so preferred Dr Monckton). Another report said that he pronounces in favour of abolition (of the provinces) and is otherwise moderate in politics.

He was defeated in the 1875 general election, held in December.

Wallace (electorate)
Wallace was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was established in 1858, the first election held in 1859, and existed until 1996. From 1861 to 66, it was represented by two members. In total, there were 18 Members of Parliament from the Wallace electorate.
Vernon Township School District
The Vernon Township School District is a comprehensive community public school district, that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Vernon Township, in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 2,941 students and 236.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.5:1.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Perth Inferno
The Perth Inferno is an amateur ice hockey team based in Perth, Western Australia. The team is a member of the Australian Women's Ice Hockey League (AWIHL), the highest level of women's ice hockey in Australia. The team was founded by Ice Hockey WA in 2016 as the Western Australian state women's team before adopting the Inferno identity and joining the AWIHL as an expansion team in 2018–19. Their home venue is Cockburn Ice Arena, located in south-west Perth. The Inferno have claimed one Gower Memorial Shield premiership.

Western Australian Ice Hockey Association
The Western Australian Ice Hockey Association, currently trading as Ice Hockey Western Australia is the governing body of ice hockey in Western Australia. Ice Hockey WA is a branch of Ice Hockey Australia.

Ice Hockey Western Australia (IHWA) was formed as the Western Australian state branch for Ice Hockey Australia. It is responsible for organising the four state leagues. It is also responsible for selecting the state teams to compete in the national tournaments.

IHWA operates its leagues across two venues – Cockburn Ice Arena and Perth Ice Arena. Teams are fielded in the leagues by four clubs. Two clubs are based at Cockburn Ice Arena - Hawks Ice Hockey Club and Bravehearts Ice Hockey Club. The other two clubs are based at Perth Ice Arena - West Coast Ice Hockey Association and Northern Ice Hockey Association. The IHWA current president is Sydney Fricker.
Anton Scudier Central Park
Anton Scudier Central Park, formerly known as Stalin Park and Scudier Park, is an urban park in Timișoara. It was founded in 1870 by General Anton Scudier and carried his name until the partition of Banat in 1919. In the early 1950s the park was called Stalin Park, then Central Park. It received its current name in 2015.

Aesculus hippocastanum
Aesculus hippocastanum, the horse chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the maple, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is a large, deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree. It is also called horse-chestnut, European horsechestnut, buckeye, and conker tree. It is not to be confused with the sweet chestnut or Spanish chestnut, Castanea sativa, which is a tree in another family, Fagaceae.: 371
Captain Roop Singh Stadium
Captain Roop Singh Stadium, is an international cricket stadium in Gwalior, India. The stadium has hosted 12 ODI matches, the first one was played between India and West Indies on 22 January 1988.

The ground has flood lights and has hosted day-night encounters. It can hold 18,000 people. It was originally a hockey stadium
named after great Indian hockey player Roop Singh.

1996 Cricket World Cup
The 1996 Cricket World Cup, also called the Wills World Cup 1996 for sponsorship reasons, was the sixth Cricket World Cup organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was co-hosted by Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. The tournament was won by Sri Lanka, who defeated Australia by seven wickets in the final on 17 March 1996 at the Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan, something Australia would get revenge on Sri Lanka for 11 years later during the 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup.
Nelsonville, New Jersey
Nelsonville (formerly Newell and Imlaystown Station) is an unincorporated community located within Upper Freehold Township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The settlement is located on County Route 526 between Allentown and Imlaystown where it intersects the former Pemberton and Hightstown Railroad. The site was the location of the Newell post office established in 1883 (removed in 1923). The area was originally known as Imlaystown Station as it was the closest spot to the eponymous town along the railroad. In 1887, the area was renamed to Nelsonville for the local postmaster, Charles Nelson. Other industries in the area at the time included a wagon shop and a cider mill. Today, several agricultural and light industries surround the settlement in addition to some single-family homes. The right-of-way of the former railroad is being reconstructed as the Union Transportation Trail.

Allentown, New Jersey
Allentown is a borough located in western Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, bordering adjacent Mercer County. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,734, a decrease of 94 (−5.1%) from the 2010 census count of 1,828, which in turn reflected a decline of 54 (−2.9%) from the 1,882 counted in the 2000 census. The borough is nestled within central New Jersey, and is roughly equidistant between New York City and Philadelphia.
Christine Cloarec
Christine Cloarec (born 28 October 1964) is a French politician representing Renaissance (RE) She was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Ille-et-Vilaine.

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
BME Growth
The BME Growth is a sub-market of Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME), the Spanish company that deals with the organizational aspects of the Spanish stock exchanges and financial markets, which includes the stock exchanges in Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia.

MAB, created in 2008, is akin to London's AIM, Frankfurt's Neuer Markt or Paris' Nouveau marché, and allows smaller companies to float shares with a more flexible regulatory system than is applicable to the main market.

To join the MAB, companies must have fully paid-up capital, audited accounts and list through an initial public offering with a minimum free float of €2m.

The first listing on MAB, Zinkia, took place in July 2009 and managed to raise €7m.

Financial regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.

In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.