hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canadian five-dollar note
The Canadian five-dollar note is the lowest denomination and one of the most common banknotes of the Canadian dollar.

As with all modern Canadian banknotes, all text is in both English and French (see Official bilingualism in Canada).

Banknotes of the Canadian dollar
Banknotes of the Canadian dollar are the banknotes or bills (in common lexicon) of Canada, denominated in Canadian dollars (CAD, C$, or $ locally). Currently, they are issued in $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 denominations. All current notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, which released its first series of notes in 1935. The Bank of Canada has contracted the Canadian Bank Note Company to produce the Canadian notes since then. The current series of polymer banknotes were introduced into circulation between November 2011 and November 2013. Banknotes issued in Canada can be viewed at the Bank of Canada Museum in Ottawa.
Ouette (river)
The Ouette (French pronunciation: [wɛt]) is a 35 km (22 mi) long river in western France located in the department of Mayenne, region of Pays de la Loire. It is a tributary of the river Mayenne on the left side, and so is a sub-tributary of the Loire by Mayenne and Maine.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.
International Science and Technology Cooperation Act of 2014
The International Science and Technology Cooperation Act of 2014 (H.R. 5029) is a bill that creates an organization under the National Science and Technology Council "with the responsibility to identify and coordinate international science and technology cooperation that can strengthen the United States science and technology enterprise, improve economic and national security, and support United States foreign policy goals."

The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Arrondissement of Lons-le-Saunier
The arrondissement of Lons-le-Saunier is an arrondissement of France in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has 248 communes. Its population is 104,178 (2021), and its area is 2,271.9 km2 (877.2 sq mi).

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
Negawatt market
A negawatt-hour is a theoretical unit of energy representing an amount of electricity saved as a direct result of conservation measures. The concept implies that saving a specific amount of energy is functionally equivalent to generating that same amount. The broader term negawatt was popularized by experimental physicist Amory Lovins in 1985, who argued that utility companies should "sell efficiency" rather than just electricity.

The negawatt market refers to the economic valuation and trading of these energy savings. In practical terms, this concept underpins demand response programs and energy efficiency trading schemes. In these systems, consumers can be financially compensated for reducing their consumption during peak loads, effectively "selling" the energy they did not use back to the grid.

Smart meter
A smart meter is an electronic device that records information—such as consumption of electric energy, voltage levels, current, and power factor—and  communicates the information to the consumer and electricity suppliers. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from automatic meter reading (AMR) in that it enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier.
Isabella Motadinyane
Isabella Motadinyane (1963 – 2003) was a South African poet, performance poet and actor.

She was born in Soweto and was a founding member of the Botsotso Jesters poetry group, and was on the editorial board of Botsotso Publishing, both named after a line from one of her poems "die is mos bosotsos". She wrote and performed in a number of languages, including English, Sotho, Camtho and Afrikaans.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Tutaekuri River (Wairoa District)
The Tutaekuri River, in the Wairoa District of New Zealand's Hawke's Bay, rises below Gaddum Road, in the Tutaekuri Conservation Area and flows about 24 km (15 mi) east before joining the Waiau River near Raumotu Bridge, about 3 km (1.9 mi) from its confluence with the Wairoa River at Frasertown.

In the upper part of the river, tawa is the dominant canopy tree, with tītoki, hīnau, nīkau, pukatea, ngaio, kōwhai and scattered mataī, miro and rewarewa.

Elaeocarpus dentatus
Elaeocarpus dentatus, commonly known as hinau (Māori: hīnau), is a native lowland forest tree of New Zealand. Other names in Māori for the tree are hangehange, pōkākā, and whīnau.

A member of the family Elaeocarpaceae, it is found on both the North and South Islands of New Zealand, but not on Stewart Island. The leaves are dark green, with a toothed edge. On the underside of the leaf, small domatia are present. Clusters of small white flowers are produced in spring, and in late summer the flowers form into a fleshy fruit.

It was officially first recorded for science by botanists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander on 5 November 1769.
Nizhniye Karshli
Nizhniye Karshli (Russian: Нижний Каршли; Dargwa: УбяхI Хъаршли) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kassagumakhinsky Selsoviet, Akushinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 81 as of 2010.

Dargwa language
Dargwa (дарган мез, dargan mez) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. This article discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin.
NS Basic
NS Basic is a family of development tools developed and commercially marketed by NSB Corporation in Toronto, Ontario, Canada for iOS, Android, Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Linux, BlackBerry OS, webOS, Newton OS, Palm OS, Windows CE and Windows Mobile.

BlackBerry OS
BlackBerry OS is a discontinued proprietary mobile operating system developed by Canadian company Research In Motion (now BlackBerry Limited) for its BlackBerry line of smartphone handheld devices. The operating system provides multitasking and supports specialized input devices adopted by BlackBerry for use in its handhelds, particularly the QWERTY keyboard ,  trackwheel, trackball, and in later years, the trackpad and touchscreen.

Research from June 2011 indicated that approximately 45% of mobile developers were using the platform. BlackBerry OS was discontinued after the release of BlackBerry 10 in January 2013, and support for it ceased on January 4, 2022.
Dave Whamond
Dave Whamond is a Canadian cartoonist and children's book author/illustrator who draws the newspaper comic strip Reality Check, which has been published daily since 1995. As of 2010, Reality Check was being distributed by United Feature Syndicate. Since December 2022, Day by Dave has been running on GoComics. Whamond has been nominated for the National Cartoonist Society's Silver Reuben Award ten times, and has won the award four of those times. His other awards include the Blue Spruce Award and the Silver Birch Award, both from the Ontario Library Association.

Whamond was born in Edmonton, Alberta, and grew up in the small Alberta town of Whitecourt. After attending the Alberta College of Art, he went on to work for the Calgary Herald for five years before starting Reality Check.

Calgary Herald
The Calgary Herald is a daily newspaper published in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Publication began in 1883 as The Calgary Herald, Mining and Ranche Advocate, and General Advertiser. It is owned by the Postmedia Network.
Sandy Creek (Apple Creek tributary)
Sandy Creek is a stream in northwest Cape Girardeau County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Little Apple Creek which flows into Apple Creek approximately one mile to the northeast.

The stream headwaters arise just north of Friedheim (at 37°34′42″N 89°49′14″W﻿ / ﻿37.57833°N 89.82056°W﻿ / 37.57833; -89.82056) and it flows southeast and east passing under Missouri Route KK twice then passing north of Arnsberg to its confluence with Little Apple Creek one-half mile west of I-55 (at 37°34′32″N 89°46′19″W﻿ / ﻿37.57556°N 89.77194°W﻿ / 37.57556; -89.77194).

Sandy Creek was so named due to the abundant sand along its course.

Cape Girardeau County, Missouri
Cape Girardeau County (commonly called Cape County) is located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri; its eastern border is formed by the Mississippi River. At the 2020 census, the population was 81,710. The county seat is Jackson, the first city in the US to be named in honor of President Andrew Jackson. Officially organized on October 1, 1812, the county is named after Ensign Sieur Jean Baptiste de Girardot, an official of the French colonial years. The "cape" in the county's name is named after a former promontory rock overlooking the Mississippi River; this feature was demolished during railroad construction. Cape Girardeau County is the hub of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area. Its largest city is Cape Girardeau.
Sarah Irving
Sarah Irving is a Canadian business executive who was the Executive Vice President and Chief Brand Officer of Irving Oil, a member company of the Irving Group of Companies, since 2015. She is the granddaughter of K. C. Irving, and heir to billionaire Arthur Irving with an estimated net worth of US$7.01 billion.

Irving serves as an adviser to Dartmouth College's Dartmouth College Fund, the school's primary source of financial aid, and on the Board of Governors for the Rothesay Netherwood School. She is also a board trustee for the IWK Foundation.

Irving Group of Companies
The Irving Group of Companies is an informal name given to companies owned and controlled by the Irving family of New Brunswick—descendants of Canadian industrialist K.C. Irving: his sons James K. (1928–2024), Arthur (1930–2024), and John (1932–2010), and their respective children.
Alfred R. Page
Alfred Rider Page (October 7, 1859 – February 3, 1931) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician from New York.

Page was born in Carlinville, Illinois, and relocated with his family to Brooklyn in 1874. He graduated from New York University School of Law in 1880, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in New York City. In 1886, he married Elizabeth M. Roe, and they had three children including the novelist Elizabeth Page. Page was a member of the New York State Senate (19th district) from 1905 to 1908, sitting in the 128th, 129th, 130th and 131st New York State Legislatures. He was a justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1910 to 1923. In 1915, he presided over the trial of Harry K. Thaw for conspiring to escape from the Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane. He sat on the Appellate Division (First Dept.) from 1916 to 1923. He died on February 3, 1931, in Southampton, New York, from pneumonia.

Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane
Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, established in 1892 as the Matteawan State Hospital by an 1892 law (Chapter 81), functioned as a hospital for insane criminals. It was located in the town of Fishkill just outside the city of Beacon, New York; today its buildings form part of Fishkill Correctional Facility.

The hospital confined and treated individuals who were committed to it by criminal courts and who were declared insane while serving their sentences at state institutions. The Superintendent of State Prisons had control over the hospital.
4th U.S. Artillery, Battery E
The 4th U.S. Artillery, Battery E was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit fought at the battles of Kernstown, Port Republic, Rappahannock Station, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, Antietam, and Fredericksburg in 1862. The battery transferred to the Cavalry Corps where it served for the rest of the war. In 1863, 4th U.S. Artillery, Battery E fought at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Culpeper, Bristoe Station, and Mine Run. In 1864, the unit fought at the Wilderness, Todd's Tavern, Yellow Tavern, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, the Wilson-Kautz Raid, Opequon, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. In 1865, it saw action at Dinwiddie Court House, Five Forks, Sailor's Creek, and Appomattox before taking part in the Grand Review of the Armies.

Battle of Port Republic
The Battle of Port Republic was fought on June 9, 1862, in Rockingham County, Virginia, as part of Confederate Army Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's campaign through the Shenandoah Valley during the American Civil War. Port Republic was a fierce contest between two equally determined foes and was the most costly battle fought by Jackson's Army of the Valley during its campaign. Together, the battles of Cross Keys (fought the previous day) and Port Republic were the decisive victories in Jackson's Valley Campaign, forcing the Union armies to retreat and leaving Jackson free to reinforce Gen. Robert E. Lee for the Seven Days Battles outside Richmond, Virginia.
Wolica, Bełchatów County
Wolica [vɔˈlit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kleszczów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Kleszczów, 20 km (12 mi) south of Bełchatów, and 67 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

In 2005 the village had a population of 340.

Bełchatów County
Bełchatów County (Polish: powiat bełchatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bełchatów, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Zelów, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów.

The county covers an area of 969.21 square kilometres (374.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,640, out of which the population of Bełchatów is 62,062, that of Zelów is 8,173, and the rural population is 42,405.
2nd Okinawa International Movie Festival
The 2nd Okinawa International Movie Festival was held from March 20 to March 28, 2010, and took place at the Okinawa Convention Center in Ginowan City and Sakurazaka Theater in Naha, owned and run by Japanese director Yuji Nakae. Attendance was recorded as 380,000, with 194 official guests.  The Golden Shisa was awarded to Taku Watanabe for his Miss Kurosawa Film.

Japanese J-Pop singer Namie Amuro was a special guest on the Okinawa International Movie Festival red carpet on March 24. Other guests included Korean actor Kang Ji-hwan, Chinese director Ing Sheng, Korean-American actor Steve Seungjun Yoo, Taiwanese Director Fu Tien-Yu and Adisorn Tresirikasern, a director from Thailand.

Yuji Nakae
Yuji Nakae (中江 裕司, Nakae Yūji) is a Japanese film director who specializes in films set in Okinawa, featuring Okinawan music, language, themes and atmosphere. He shared the Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award for his debut film, Pineapple Tours, which was an omnibus film co-directed with Tsutomu Makiya and Hayashi Tōma. He won the award for Best Director at the 25th Hochi Film Award for Nabbie's Love.
Blumentritt
Blumentritt is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ferdinand Blumentritt (1853–1913), Austrian ethnographer

Günther Blumentritt (1892–1967), German general

Volker Blumentritt (born 1946), German politician

Ferdinand Blumentritt
Ferdinand Johann Franz Blumentritt (10 September 1853, Prague – 20 September 1913, Litoměřice) was an Austrian teacher, secondary school principal in Leitmeritz, lecturer, and author of articles and books about the Philippines and its ethnography. He is well known in the Philippines for his close friendship with the writer and Propagandist José Rizal, and the numerous correspondence between the two provide a vital reference for historians and scholars studying Rizal, including his last letter from prison before the execution.
Teppo (name)
Teppo is a male Finnish name that originated as a diminutive of the name Tapani.

It is an uncommon first name, and is derived from Stefanos, a Greek name that means, roughly translated, "laurel" or "crowned" or "crown". The name made its way through the Russian name Stefan (nickname Stepan, or Stjopa) to Karelian Stjoppi, from where it came to the Finnish version — Teppo. However, some claim the name's origin is the Greek name Teofilus (God's friend) or Teodor (God's gift).

In Finland, Teppo was the name of a pagan god, "Travel-Teppo", who was prayed to in order to guide the way and bless travels. In the 19th century, it began to be used as a normal first name. The most popular time for the name Teppo was from 1960 to 1980. In 2005, 3841 men had been given the name Teppo.

Teppo can also be a last name, but it is rare.

Travel
Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip. Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism.
Ahaste
Ahaste (German: Friedenthal) is a village in Pärnu municipality, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia. It has a population of 248 (as of 1 January 2011).

Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Audru Parish.

Pärnu County
Pärnu County (Estonian: Pärnu maakond or Pärnumaa; German: Kreis Pernau) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga, and it borders Lääne and Rapla counties to the north, Järva and Viljandi counties to the east, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Pärnu County had a population of 85,705, constituting 6.4% of the total population of Estonia.

Pärnu County is the largest county of Estonia in terms of land area.
2018 IFAF U-19 World Championship
The 2018 IFAF U-19 World Championship was an international American football tournament for junior teams (19 years and under) that took place at Mexico City from July 15 to 22. This was the first time that Mexico hosted an IFAF World Junior Championship competition.

Teams were split into higher and lower groups by seeding. Three teams from higher seeded group and one team from lower seeded group would advance to the semi-final. This would be the last world junior championship staged in the U19 age classification. The 2020 championship scheduled for the United States was cancelled by IFAF in March 2020 due to complications from the coronavirus pandemic. The next world junior championship is a U20 competition that was hosted by Football Canada in Edmonton, Alberta in July 2024.

Football Canada
Football Canada is the governing body for gridiron football in Canada headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario. Football Canada focuses primarily its own Canadian form of the sport, and is currently the world's only national governing body for Canadian football.

The governing body is also Canada's representative member of the International Federation of American Football (IFAF), the world's governing body for American football. In this capacity, it organizes the Canada men's national team which competes in IFAF competitions using American rules.
Scawtite
Scawtite is a hydrous calcium silicate mineral with carbonate, formula: Ca7(Si3O9)2CO3·2H2O. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system as thin plates or flat prisms.

Scawtite was first described in 1929 for an occurrence at Scawt Hill in Northern Ireland.

Scawtite occurs as in skarns and hydrothermal veins in limestone. Associated minerals include melilite, spurrite, tobermorite, thomsonite, larnite, grossular, bultfonteinite, calcite, analcime, foshagite and hillebrandite.

Tobermorite
Tobermorite is a calcium silicate hydrate mineral with chemical formula:
Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·4H2O or
Ca5Si6(O,OH)18·5H2O.

Two structural varieties are distinguished: tobermorite-11 Å and tobermorite-14 Å.
Tobermorite occurs in hydrated cement paste and can be found in nature as an alteration mineral in metamorphosed limestone and in skarn. It has been reported to occur in the Maqarin Area of north Jordan and in the Crestmore Quarry near Crestmore Heights, Riverside County, California.

Tobermorite was first described in 1880 for an occurrence in Scotland, on the Isle of Mull, around the locality of Tobermory.
Wolfley
Wolfley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Craig Wolfley (1958–2025), American football player and color analyst

Lewis Wolfley (1839–1910), American civil engineer and politician

Max Wolfley, American politician

Ron Wolfley (born 1962), American football player

Lewis Wolfley
Lewis Wolfley (October 8, 1839 – February 12, 1910) was an American civil engineer who served as the eighth governor of Arizona Territory. He is commonly regarded as the first territorial governor to be a resident of Arizona at the time of his appointment and was the only bachelor to hold the position.

Wolfley's political career was marred by his almost complete lack of political skill. Much of his time as governor was spent in political infighting, which eventually led to his resignation.
DVR
DVR can refer to:

Dalnevostochnaya Respublika, a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East

Data validation and reconciliation

Derwent Valley Railway (disambiguation)

Devco Railway

Differential Voting Right, a kind of equity share

Digital video recorder

Discrete valuation ring

Discrete variable representation

Distance-vector routing

Direct volume rendering

Dynamic voltage restoration

DVR College of Engineering and Technology

Van Riebeeck Decoration (DVR), a South African military award

Pseudo-spectral method
Pseudo-spectral methods, also known as discrete variable representation (DVR) methods, are a class of numerical methods used in applied mathematics and scientific computing for the solution of partial differential equations. They are closely related to spectral methods, but complement the basis by an additional pseudo-spectral basis, which allows representation of functions on a quadrature grid. This simplifies the evaluation of certain operators, and can considerably speed up the calculation when using fast algorithms such as the fast Fourier transform.