hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Usher (colonist)
John Usher (27 April 1648 – September 1726) was an English colonial administrator.  Born in Boston, he served as treasurer of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until the Boston Revolt of 1689.  After the revolt, dominion governor Sir Edmund Andros was confined in Usher's home.  Usher was twice lieutenant governor of the Province of New Hampshire (1692–1697 and 1702–1715).  As lieutenant governor, he frequently held the reins of power, since the governors (his father-in-law Samuel Allen, and Joseph Dudley) were often absent from the province.  His rule was unpopular.  He died in Medford, Massachusetts, on September 5, 1726.

Usher's father, Hezekiah, was the first known bookseller in colonial America. He also printed the first book in the Thirteen Colonies: 1640's Bay Psalm Book.

Medford, Massachusetts
Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and Somerville border.
August 2008 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, August 16, 2008, with an umbral magnitude of 0.8095. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 6.2 days before apogee (on August 10, 2008, at 16:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
Calathes
Calathes (Greek: Καλάθης) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nick Calathes (born 1989), Greek-American basketball player in the National Basketball Association, brother of Pat Calathes

Pat Calathes (born 1985), Greek-American basketball player, brother of Nick Calathes

Pat Calathes
Patrick Sean Calathes (Greek: Πατρίκιος Σον "Πατ" Καλάθης, born on December 12, 1985) is a Greek-American former professional basketball player. At a height of 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) tall, he played at both the small forward and power forward positions. He was the 2013 Israeli Basketball Premier League Finals MVP.
Cape Lancaster
Cape Lancaster (64°51′S 63°44′W﻿ / ﻿64.850°S 63.733°W﻿ / -64.850; -63.733) is a cape forming the southern extremity of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–1874. The cape was later sighted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–1899, under Gerlache, who named it for Albert Lancaster, Scientific Director of the Meteorological Service of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and a supporter of the expedition.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Waller, Pennsylvania
Waller is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick micropolitan area in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 45 at the 2020 census.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.
HC Yugra
Hockey Club Yugra (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Югра), is a professional ice hockey team based in Khanty-Mansiysk, Yugra, Russia. They currently play in the Supreme Hockey League, the second-highest league in Russia, and played in the Kontinental Hockey League from 2010 until 2018.

All-Russian Hockey League B
The All-Russian Hockey League B or VHL-B (Russian: Первенство Всероссийской хоккейной лиги (ВХЛ-Б), Pervenstvo Vserossiyskoy hokkeynoy ligi), formerly known as Supreme Hockey League B (Russian: Первенство Высшей хоккейной лиги, Pervenstvo Vysshey hokkeynoy ligi) and Russian Hockey League (Russian: Российская хоккейная лига, Rossiyskaya hokkeynaya liga), was an ice hockey league in Russia. It stood at the third-tier of the Russian ice hockey pyramid, below the second-level VHL and the top-tier KHL. Its final season was 2022/23, and its four surviving teams (Dynamo-Altay, CSK VVS, HC Chelny and Kristall Saratov) joined the VHL.
William Cantrell
William "Wild Bill" Cantrell (born in West Point, Kentucky, January 31, 1908 - died January 22, 1996) was a power boat and IndyCar driver.

In 1949, Cantrell won the prestigious hydroplane Gold Cup in Detroit. He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1992 in the power boats category.

Motorsports Hall of Fame of America
The Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (MSHFA) is a hall of fame that honors motorsports competitors and contributors from the United States from all disciplines, with categories for Open Wheel, Stock Cars, Powerboats, Drag Racing, Motorcycles, Sports Cars, Aviation, at Large, Off-Road and Historic. Periodic recognition is given to specialty categories including Speed Records, Business and Technology. Its annual Induction Ceremony is attended by notables throughout the motorsports community and is reported on widely.
2013 Stu Sells Oakville Tankard
The 2013 StuSells Oakville Tankard was held from September 5 to 8 in Oakville, Ontario as part of the 2013–14 World Curling Tour. Both the men's and women's events were held in a round robin format. The purse for the men's event was CAD$34,000, of which the winner, Brad Jacobs, received CAD$8,000, while the purse for the women's event was CAD$24,000, of which the winner, Sherry Middaugh, received CAD$5,000.

Jacobs successfully defended his title by defeating Kevin Koe with a score of 4–3, while Middaugh defeated Cathy Auld with a score of 5–4 in an extra end.

Kevin Koe
Kevin Koe (/ˈkuːiː/ KOO-ee; born January 11, 1975) is a Canadian curler. Koe is a two-time World champion and four-time Canadian champion. He was the skip of the Canadian men's team at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.

Originally from Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Koe now resides in Calgary, Alberta and curls out of The Glencoe Club. He learned to curl at the age of six in Inuvik, Northwest Territories.
Alimov
Alimov (masculine, Russian: Алимов) or Alimova (feminine, Russian: Алимова) is a Russian, a turkic (uzbek, karakalpak, kazakh, tatar) surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Artyom Alimov (born 1986), Russian footballer

Denis Alimov (born 1979), Russian luger

Dmitry Alimov (born 1974), Russian businessman

Ennan Alimov (1912–1941), Crimean Tatar writer and artist

Gulnora Alimova (born 1971), Uzbekistani pianist

Ilyaz Alimov (born 1990), Kyrgyzstani footballer

Rodion Alimov (born 1998), Russian badminton player

Ulugbek Alimov (born 1989), Uzbekistani weightlifter

Usman Alimov (1950–2021), Grand Mufti of Uzbekistan

Atabek Alimov (born 1987), Associate professor, Karakalpak State University (Uzbekistan), www.alimov.uz

Dmitry Alimov
Dmitry Alimov (Russian: Дмитрий Серге́евич Алимов, Dmitry Sergeyevich Alimov) (born August 17, 1974 in Samara, USSR) is a Silicon Valley–based entrepreneur and investor in technology businesses, founder and managing partner of the investment fund Frontier Ventures, and co-founder of the online video service ivi.tv. He worked as a senior manager in companies such as Access Industries, TNT, Amedia, ru-Net Ltd, and Sputnik Group. In 2012, Russian business magazine, Secret Firmy, named Alimov as one of the Top-50 Russian Internet Millionaires. In 2016 the European CEO magazine named Dmitry Alimov Entrepreneur of the Year (Venture capital).
Richard Lin
Richard Lin (Chinese: 林品任) (born 6 July 1991 at United States) is a Taiwanese American violinist. He won competitions in Poland, United States, Singapore, Japan, and Taiwan. In 2013 he won the first prize in the Sendai International Music Competition. In 2015 he was the third prize laureate in the 9th International Joseph Joachim Violin Competition in Hanover, Germany. In 2016 he was the fifth prize laureate in 15th Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition. In 2018 he won First Prize in 10th International Violin Competition of Indianapolis.

Singapore International Violin Competition
The Singapore International Violin Competition (SIVC) is a triennial violin competition for violinists up to the age of 30. The contest is hosted by the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music and has been held in Singapore since 2015. The competition promotes the continued growth and strength of classical music in the region, and showcases young violinists from around the world.
Road 36 (Iran)
Road 36 is a road in eastern Iran. It connects Firuzkuh to Semnan and to Road 81, Damghan–Nain Road. Then it goes through the newly built section between Tarud and Biyarjomand to Bardaskan continuing towards Taybad and Afghanistan's Islam Qala via Torbat-e Heydarieh.

Torbat-e Heydarieh
Torbat-e Heydarieh (Persian: تربت حيدريه) is a city in the Central District of Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The closest major city to Torbat-e Heydarieh is Mashhad, which is 175 kilometres (109 mi) away.
June 2020 Brazil bomb cyclone
The June 2020 bomb cyclone was a hurricane-force extratropical cyclone in South Region, Brazil which impacted the states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná on June 30, 2020. Twelve deaths were confirmed, ten in Santa Catarina, one in Rio Grande do Sul and one in Paraná. In addition to almost 1.9 million consumers without electricity in the three states.

Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones are low-pressure areas which, along with anticyclones, drive the weather over much of the mid-latitudes of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of producing a range of weather conditions from wind, cloudiness and mild showers to severe hail, thunderstorms, blizzards, and tornadoes. This type of cyclone is thus defined as a large scale (synoptic) low pressure weather system occurring in the middle latitudes of the Earth. In contrast with tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones produce rapid changes in temperature and dew point along broad lines called weather fronts, which are present about the center of the cyclone.
Fictibacillus halophilus
Fictibacillus halophilus is a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus Fictibacillus which has been isolated from microbial mat from a hot spring in Manikaran in India.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
Chats, California
Chats (also, Chat) is a former settlement in Lassen County, California. It was located on the Nevada–California–Oregon Railway 2 miles (3.2 km) east-southeast of Beckwourth Pass and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Summit, at an elevation of 4810 feet (1466 m). Chats still appeared on maps as of 1894.

The Chat post office operated from 1885 to 1894, and from 1896 to 1900. The name is of Native American origin.

Nevada–California–Oregon Railway
The Nevada–California–Oregon Railway (reporting mark NOCR) was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad originally planned to connect Reno, Nevada, to the Columbia River. However, only 238 mi (383 km) of track were laid so service never extended beyond Lakeview, Oregon. Because of the company’s reputation for mismanagement, it was often called the "Narrow, Crooked & Ornery" railroad.
1976 Dir rebellion
1976 Dir revolt refers to a rebellion by Kohistani tribesmen against the government of Pakistan from 3 September to 10 September 1976. The rebellion was suppressed and stabilised government control over the area.

Dir (city)
Dir (Urdu, Pashto: دیر) is a city in the Upper Dir District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is sometimes known as Dir Khas (Proper Dir) to distinguish it from the district's name, Dir (Upper and Lower). It lies along the Dir River, a tributary of the Panjkora River. It is at the base of the Lowarai Pass, the main road to Chitral.
Jerome Cavanagh
Jerome Patrick Cavanagh (June 16, 1928 – November 27, 1979)  was an American politician who served as the 64th mayor of Detroit, Michigan from 1962 to 1970. Initially a popular figure, his reputation was seriously damaged by the city's 1967 riots, the most destructive of any U.S. city that decade. He was the first mayor to reside at the Manoogian Mansion, donated to the city by the industrial baron Alex Manoogian.

Alex Manoogian
Alexander Manoogian (Armenian: Ալեք Մանուկեան; June 28, 1901 – July 10, 1996) was an Armenian-American industrial engineer, businessman, and philanthropist who spent most of his career in Detroit, Michigan. He was the founder of the Masco Corporation, which in 1969 was listed on the NYSE (XNYS:MAS). In 1954, he patented and brought to market the first successful washerless ball valve faucet, the Delta faucet, named for the faucet cam shaped like the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet.

He and his wife Marie donated the Manoogian Mansion to the city of Detroit, which uses it as the official residence of the Mayor of Detroit. In addition to donations to local universities, the Manoogians donated substantial amounts of money to churches, educational institutions and charities of the Armenian Diaspora to preserve and continue their culture.
Goo Moremi Gorge
Goo Moremi Gorge is situated in Eastern Botswana, about 67 km east of Palapye town,in a small village of Goo Moremi. The gorge is a protected heritage site in the midst of Tswapong Hills. The gorge features permanent springs that form a beautiful waterfall surrounded by hills and cliffs.This natural site has unique vegetation with a range of wildlife like Kudu, gemsbok, bush buck and different bird species.Equally beautiful is the Goo Moremi Lodge that provide modern accommodation to tourists vising the Goo Moremi Gorge. The Lodge provides five star Chalets, campsite and tents.

Palapye
Palapye is a growing town in Botswana, situated about halfway between Francistown and Gaborone (170 km (106 mi) from Francistown and 240 km (149 mi) from Gaborone). Over the years its position has made it a convenient stopover on one of Southern Africa's principal north–south rail and road routes.

Located here is the Morupule Colliery, which supplies Morupule Power Station, Botswana's principal domestic source of electricity. The power station has undertaken an expansion project to increase its generation capacity in an effort to meet the country's increasing demand for electricity. Construction began in 2010. As of May 2021, Morupule A plant produces 132 MW of electricity, while Morupule B produces 600 MW.

In 1997 Palapye was said to be the fastest-growing village in Africa, and was expected to expand its population from 30,000 to 180,000.
Texas U-turn
A Texas U-turn, or Texas turnaround, boomerang, or loop around, is a lane allowing cars traveling on one side of a one-way frontage road to U-turn onto the opposite frontage road (typically crossing over or under a freeway or expressway). Typically controlled by yield signs, these allow U-turning traffic to bypass two traffic signals and avoid crossing the local traffic twice.

If the limited-access highway passes over the local road, the bridge (or bridges) must be longer, to span four directions of traffic and two sidewalks below. If the local road passes over the limited-access highway, the bridge must be wider, to carry four directions of traffic and two sidewalks over the highway.

Limited-access road
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway,  partial controlled-access highway, and expressway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway (also known as a freeway or motorway), including limited or no access to adjacent property; some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow (often being dual carriageways); use of grade separated interchanges to some extent; prohibition of slow modes of transport, such as bicycles, horse-drawn vehicles or ridden horses, or self-propelled agricultural machines; and very few or no intersecting cross-streets or level crossings. The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.
Micah Stephen Williams
Micah Stephen Williams (born February 16, 1991) is an American former actor, best known for his recurring role as Emmett on the Disney Channel sitcom Good Luck Charlie. 
Williams began his acting career having a small guest role in the series The Pretender. He went on to guest star in other television series including Grounded for Life, Lizzie McGuire, Joan of Arcadia, In Justice, Just For Kicks and The Office. He had a small role in the 2003 film Bruce Almighty, he also co-starred in the films Like Mike 2: Streetball and Jump In!.

In 2006, he received a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries or Special (Comedy or Drama) - Leading Young Actor in the television film The Ron Clark Story.

Just for Kicks (TV series)
Just for Kicks is an American comedy series that aired on the Nickelodeon television network as a part of the channel's TEENick television lineup. The series is about a group of girls on a soccer team set in New York City.

Created by Alana Sanko and developed by Whoopi Goldberg, the series was first titled Head to Toe, and then The Power Strikers, but its title was finally changed in 2005 to Just for Kicks. The series premiered in January 2006 on Nickelodeon UK, and in April 2006 on Nickelodeon in the United States. The series was produced by Brookwell McNamara Entertainment.

Just for Kicks aired for one season of thirteen episodes.
Battle of Delos
The battle of Delos took place during the First Mithridatic War in 88 BC. Initially an ally of the Roman Republic, Athens defected in favour of Mithridates, the king of Pontus. As the Athenian island of Delos had remained faithful to Rome, Athens sent an expeditionary force, which was crushed on the island's beach by a small Roman squadron.

Asia (Roman province)
Asia (Ancient Greek: Ἀσία) was a Roman province covering most of western Asia Minor (Anatolia, Turkey), which was created following the Roman Republic's annexation of the Attalid Kingdom in 133 BC. After the establishment of the Roman Empire by Augustus, it was the most prestigious senatorial province and was governed by a proconsul. That arrangement endured until the province was subdivided in the fourth century AD.

The province was one of the richest of the Empire and was at peace for most of the Imperial period. It contained hundreds of largely self-governing Greek city-states, who competed fiercely with one another for status, through appeals to the Imperial authorities and the cultivation of prestigious cultural institutions such as festival games, religious cults, and oratory.
Alan Moorehead
Alan McCrae Moorehead, AO, OBE (22 July 1910 – 29 September 1983) was a war correspondent and author of popular histories, most notably two books on the nineteenth-century exploration of the Nile, The White Nile (1960) and The Blue Nile (1962). Australian-born, he lived in England, and Italy, from 1937.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
Johann Joachim Spalding
Johann Joachim Spalding (1 November 1714 – 25 May 1804) was a German Protestant theologian and philosopher of Scottish ancestry who was a native of Tribsees, Swedish Pomerania. He was the father of Georg Ludwig Spalding, a professor at Grauen Kloster in Berlin.

Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster
The Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster, located in suburban Schmargendorf, Berlin, is an independent school with a humanistic profile, known as one of the most prestigious schools in Germany. Founded by the Evangelical Church in West Berlin in 1949 as the Evangelisches Gymnasium, it continues the traditions of the ancient Berlinisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster,  the oldest Gymnasium in Berlin, which for hundreds of years was situated in former monastery buildings in the city's Mitte district, closed by the East Germans in 1958. In 1963 the Evangelisches Gymnasium of West Berlin adopted its traditions and added "zum Grauen Kloster" to its name.