hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Frewen
Charles Hay Frewen (25 May 1813 – 1 September 1878), known until 1837 as Charles Hay Frewen-Turner, was an English land-owner and Conservative Party politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1846 to 1857 for East Sussex, and thereafter suffered a series of electoral defeats as he unsuccessfully challenged the political power of the Duke of Rutland in North Leicestershire.

1865 United Kingdom general election
The 1865 United Kingdom general election was held 7 July 1865 to 24 July 1865 to elect 658 members of the House of Commons. It saw the Liberals, led by Lord Palmerston, increase their large majority over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives to 80.

Palmerston died in October the same year and was succeeded by Lord John Russell as Prime Minister. Despite the Liberal majority, the party was divided by the issue of further parliamentary reform, and Russell resigned after being defeated in a vote in the House of Commons in 1866, leading to minority Conservative governments under Derby and then Benjamin Disraeli.

This was the last United Kingdom general election until 2019 where a party increased its majority after having been returned to office at the previous election with a reduced majority.
El Habanero (newspaper)
El Habanero is a Cuban daily newspaper (except Monday). It is published in Spanish and is located in Havana. The name honors the homonymous newspaper created and published in 1824–1826 by Felix Varela (1787–1853) a Cuban patriot, priest and writer.

Current "El Habanero" was created in 1987 as the official newspaper of the La Habana province (19 municipalities surrounding Havana city). Starting from 2011 with the segmentation of La Habana Province into Artemisa and Mayabeque provinces, the printed version of "El Habanero" was closed and new newspapers were created: "El Artemiseño" and "Mayabeque", for each separate province.

Artemisa Province
Artemisa Province is one of the two new provinces created from the former La Habana Province, whose creation was approved by the Cuban National Assembly on August 1, 2010, the other being Mayabeque Province. The new provinces came into existence on January 1, 2011.
Mount Bates
Mount Bates (Pitcairn-Norfolk: Maun Biets) is the highest point of Norfolk Island, an external territory of Australia, at 319 m (1,047 ft) above sea level. Located in the island’s northwest quadrant, it is part of the Norfolk Island National Park, which also includes Mount Pitt and was established to conserve the remnant subtropical rainforests. 
The mountain is accessible a short and easy hiking route from Kingston, and features a picnic area at the summit.

Pitkern
Pitkern, also known as Pitcairn-Norfolk or Pitcairnese, is a creole spoken on Pitcairn and Norfolk islands. It is a mixture of English and Tahitian, and has been given many classifications by scholars, including cant, patois, and Atlantic creole. Although spoken on Pacific Ocean islands, it has been described as an Atlantic or semi-Atlantic creole due to the lack of connections with other English-based creoles of the Pacific. There are fewer than 50 speakers on Pitcairn Island, a number which has been steadily decreasing since 1971.
Marat Kazey
Marat Ivanovich Kazey (Russian: Марат Иванович Казей, Belarusian: Марат Іванавіч Казей; 10 October 1929 in Stankovo village, Koidanova (now Dzyarzhynsk) District, Minsk Region, BSSR, USSR – 11 May 1944 in Khoromitskie village, Uzda District, Minsk Region, BSSR, USSR) was a Soviet partisan, scout, pioneer-hero, and posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union.

Minsk region
Minsk region, also known as Minsk oblast or Minsk voblasts, is one of the six regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. The region's population was recorded at 1,411,500 in 2011.
Lectionary 276
Lectionary 276, designated by siglum ℓ 276 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.
Scrivener labelled it as 182e,

The manuscript has complex contents.

Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (29 September 1813 – 30 October 1891) was an English writer and scholar. Additionally, he was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible. He was prebendary of Exeter, and vicar of Hendon.
Live at Jittery Joe's
Live at Jittery Joe's is a live album released in 2001 by Jeff Mangum of Neutral Milk Hotel to combat the high prices of bootlegs on eBay. Filmmaker Lance Bangs recorded it at the Athens, GA venue Jittery Joe's on March 7, 1997, during a live solo performance; this location was the original Jittery Joe's at 243 W. Washington St., not one of the current locations. Jeff had not prepared a setlist, so some of the songs were chosen by the audience. A noisy child can be heard throughout the performance (most notably during "Oh Comely").

Most of the songs included on this album had studio versions on earlier Neutral Milk Hotel releases, except for a cover of Phil Spector's "I Love How You Love Me." This album contains a different, earlier version of "Two-Headed Boy, Pt. Two" than appears on In the Aeroplane Over the Sea. The performance is also noteworthy for being the public debut of "Oh Comely." The CD version has a QuickTime video of the performance on the enhanced section.

I Love How You Love Me
"I Love How You Love Me" is a song written by Barry Mann and Larry Kolber. It was a 1961 Top Five hit for the pop girl group the Paris Sisters, which inaugurated a string of elaborately produced classic hits by Phil Spector. Bobby Vinton had a Top Ten hit in 1968 with a cover version. The song has been recorded by many other artists over the years.
Yorba Linda, California
Yorba Linda (/ˈjɔːrbə ˈlɪndə/, YOR-buh LIN-duh) is a suburban city in northeastern Orange County, California, United States, with the city hall approximately 27 miles (43 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and had a population of 68,336 at the 2020 census.

Yorba Linda is known for its connection to Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States. His birthplace is a National Historic Landmark, and his presidential library and museum are also located in the city.

National Hot Rod Association
The National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) is a governing body which sets rules in drag racing and hosts events all over the United States and Canada. With over 40,000 drivers in its rosters, the NHRA claims to be the largest motorsport sanctioning body in the world.

The association was founded by Wally Parks in 1951 in California to provide a governing body to organize and promote the sport of drag racing. NHRA's first Nationals was held in 1955, in Great Bend, Kansas. The NHRA Mission Foods Drag Racing Series, the national event series which comprises 24 races each year, is the premier series in drag racing that brings together the best drag racers from across North America and the world. The NHRA U.S. Nationals are now held at Lucas Oil Raceway in Brownsburg, Indiana and are officially called the U.S. Nationals. Winners of national events are awarded a trophy statue in honor of founder Wally Parks. The trophy is commonly referred to by its nickname, "The Wally".
Paul Fiset
Paul Fiset (English pronunciation: Fih-ZAY; November 7, 1922 – February 27, 2001) was a Canadian-American microbiologist and virologist. His research helped to develop one of the first successful Q fever vaccines, noted by The New York Times. Fiset was born in Quebec, Canada, and attended Laval University, where he earned a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1949. He subsequently attended Cambridge University, where he received a PhD degree in 1956. As a professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, he also researched other bacterial diseases such as typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, in addition to Q fever.

Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur, pronounced [ɛ̃stity pastœʁ]) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887 and inaugurated on 14 November 1888.

For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. It has also been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague.

Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists.
Wunlit Peace Conference
The Dinka–Nuer West Bank Peace & Reconciliation Conference of 1999 was held in what was then the Southern part of Sudan. It is commonly called the "Wunlit Peace Conference" after Wunlit, the village where it was held in eastern Tonj County in Bahr El Ghazal.  The conference brought together Nuer from Western Upper Nile and Dinka from Tonj, Rumbek, and Yirol.  It is the most prominent and comprehensively documented case of a people-to-people peace process in what is now the Republic of South Sudan.

Dinka people
The Dinka people (Dinka: Jiɛ̈ɛ̈ŋ) are a Nilotic ethnic group native to South Sudan. The Dinka mostly live along the Nile, from Mangalla-Bor to Renk, in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (two out of three provinces that were formerly part of southern Sudan), and the Abyei area of the Ngok Dinka in South Sudan.

They number around 4.5 million, according to the 2008 Sudan census, constituting about 40% of the population of that country and the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. The Dinka refer to themselves as Muonyjang (singular) and jieng (plural).
Julius Frauenstädt
Christian Martin Julius Frauenstädt (April 17, 1813, Bojanowo, Posen – January 13, 1879, Berlin) was a German philosopher and editor. He was educated at the house of his uncle at Neisse, and converted from Judaism to protestant Christianity in 1833. He studied theology and, later, philosophy at Berlin, where he came under the sway of the philosophies of Hegel and Schelling. He worked as a private tutor for the Sayn-Wittgenstein family during this period.

Frauenstädt met the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in the winter of 1846/47 in Frankfurt. He became a private lecturer and scholar in 1848 in Berlin, where he would become the primary editor and interpreter of Schopenhauer's philosophy.

Schopenhauer made Frauenstädt his literary executor to edit his works, calling him indefatigabilis (unwearying). Frauenstädt participated in contemporary debates over materialism in his 1855 and 1856 books and pessimism in his works on Schopenhauer.

Pessimism
Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.
Château de Saignes
The Château de Saignes is a restored castle in the commune of Saignes in the Lot département of France.

The castrum of Saignes, with its ancient chapel outside the enceinte, became the property of the Lagarde family in the 14th century. Pierre de Lagarde, ambassadeur extraordinaire of Francis I, carried out a restoration of the estate. The castle fell into escheat during the 19th century.

The castle has seven round towers. The chapel is adorned with a bell-gable.

The Château de Saignes is private property. It has been listed since 2002 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. It can be visited since July 2022.

View of the higher part of Timber roof truss

View of the Hoarding.

Picture of room in donjon with a copy of the painting The Ambassadors.

State woman bed in donjon.

Picture of the bell tower.

Escheat
Escheat /ɪsˈtʃiːt/ (from Latin  excidere 'fall away') is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state. It serves to ensure that property is not left in "limbo" without recognized ownership.  It originally applied to a number of situations where a legal interest in land was destroyed by operation of law, so that the ownership of the land reverted to the immediately superior feudal lord.
Calamita
Calamita (English: Magnet) is a large hill lying on the south-east side of the island of Elba, known for a remarkable landscape and views of Portoferraio and Monte Capanne. The hill's development dates from Elba's ancient periods, when Calamita was a major iron mining center.

The Calamita's coast has been nicknamed "Costa dei Gabbiani" ("Skua Coast"), after the numerous skuas which nest in the cliffs.

The town of Capoliveri sits on the north side of Calamita, overlooking the Mola flats.

The southeast area of the hill is dotted with farmland, though much of it has been converted into tourist resorts and villas.

On the south side is the Calamita iron mine, abandoned since 1981, where pyrite nuggets can still be found.

Skua
The skuas (/ˈskjuːə/) are a group of predatory and kleptoparasitic seabirds with seven species forming the genus Stercorarius, the only genus in the family Stercorariidae. The three smaller skuas, the Arctic skua, the long-tailed skua, and the pomarine skua, are called jaegers in North American English.

The English word "skua" comes from the Faroese name for the great skua, skúgvur [ˈskɪkvʊɹ], with the island of Skúvoy renowned for its colony of that bird. The general Faroese term for skuas is kjógvi [ˈtʃɛkvɪ]. The word "jaeger" or Jäger is German for "hunter". The genus name Stercorarius is Latin and means "of dung"; the food disgorged by other birds when pursued by skuas was once thought to be excrement.

Skuas nest on the ground in temperate, Antarctic, and Arctic regions, and are long-distance migrants. They have even been sighted at the South Pole.
Floral Park-Bellerose Union Free School District
Floral Park-Bellerose Union Free School District, also known as Floral Park-Bellerose School District 22, is a school district headquartered in Floral Park, New York, in the New York City metropolitan area. Its boundary includes Floral Park, Bellerose, Bellerose Terrace, and a small portion of North New Hyde Park. The district includes sections of the following towns: Hempstead and North Hempstead.

North Hempstead, New York
North Hempstead (officially known as the Town of North Hempstead) is one of three towns in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 237,639 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the 7th most populous city or town in New York.
Central Park, Buffalo
Central Park is a residential neighborhood in Buffalo, New York, United States. Its boundaries are Main Street to the east, Parkside Avenue to the west, Woodbridge Avenue to the north, and Amherst Street to the south, with its southwestern limit running along the railroad lining Linden Avenue. Amherst Street Station sits at Central Park's southeastern corner.

The neighborhood originated from a development conceived by cement magnate Lewis Jackson Bennett (1833–1925) on his Buffalo Cement Company property. His Central Park home was designed by Buffalo architect Milton Earl Beebe.

Milton Earl Beebe
Milton Earle Beebe (November 27, 1840 – February 3, 1923) was an American architect who designed numerous buildings in Buffalo, New York, in Fargo, North Dakota, and elsewhere. He designed courthouses "at Warren, Smethport, Cambria, and Huntingdon in Pennsylvania, costing $100,000 each." Several are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. He also designed Early Commercial architecture buildings, residences, churches and public buildings.
William Wadsworth (cricketer)
William Wadsworth (9 October 1823 – 13 June 1891) was an English first-class cricketer.

Wadsworth was born at Baildon in October 1823. He made his debut in first-class cricket in 1845, when he played twice for Yorkshire against Manchester at Manchester. His next appearance in first-class cricket came over a decade later for the North in the North v South fixture of 1857. He played four first-class matches in 1858, playing in the North v South fixture, as well as appearing for the North against Surrey at The Oval. He also appeared for an All England Eleven against a United All England Eleven at Lord's, and for a combined Durham and Yorkshire cricket team against Nottinghamshire at Stockton-on-Tees. His final two first-class appearances came in 1861 and 1862, both for Yorkshire. In nine first-class matches, Wadsworth scored 107 runs at an average of 8.23, with a high score of 21 not out. He died at Bradford in June 1891.

Manchester Cricket Club
Manchester Cricket Club was founded in 1816 and was a direct forerunner of Lancashire County Cricket Club which was founded in 1864. Important Manchester matches were mostly played between 1844 and 1858, after which it was superseded by the county club.
Exoneura turneri
Exoneura turneri, or Exoneura (Exoneura) turneri, is a species of reed bee in the tribe Allodapini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1914 by British-American entomologist Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell.

Theodore D. A. Cockerell
Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (22 August 1866 – 26 January 1948) was a British and American entomologist and systematic biologist who published nearly 4,000 papers, some of them only a few lines long. Cockerell's speciality was the insect order Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), an area of study where he described specimens from the United States, the West Indies, Honduras, the Philippines, Africa, and Asia. Cockerell named at least 5,500 species and varieties of bees and almost 150 genera and subgenera, representing over a quarter of all species of bees known during his lifetime. In addition to his extensive studies of bees, he published papers on scale insects, slugs, moths, fish scales, fungi, roses and other flowers, mollusks, and a wide variety of other plants and animals.
1988–89 2. Bundesliga
The 1988–89 2. Bundesliga season was the fifteenth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system.

Fortuna Düsseldorf and FC Homburg were promoted to the Bundesliga while Kickers Offenbach, Viktoria Aschaffenburg, 1. FSV Mainz 05 and Union Solingen were relegated to the Oberliga.

Kickers Offenbach
Offenbacher Fussball-Club Kickers, commonly known as Kickers Offenbach, is a German association football club in Offenbach am Main, Hesse. The club was founded on 27 May 1901 in the Rheinischer Hof restaurant by footballers who had left established local clubs including Melitia, Teutonia, Viktoria, Germania and Neptun. From 1921 to 1925 they were united with VfB 1900 Offenbach as VfR Kickers Offenbach until resuming their status as a separate side, Offenbacher FC Kickers. The team plays its home games at the Stadion am Bieberer Berg.
1948 French Championships (tennis)
The 1948 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 19 May until 30 May. It was the 52nd staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1948. Frank Parker and Nelly Landry won the singles titles.

Stade Roland Garros
Stade Roland Garros (French pronunciation: [stad ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos]; 'Roland Garros Stadium') is a complex of tennis courts, including stadiums, located in Paris that hosts the French Open. That tournament, also known as Roland Garros, is a major tennis championship played annually in late May and early June. The complex is named after Roland Garros (1888–1918), a pioneering French aviator, and was constructed in 1928 to host France's first defence of the Davis Cup.

The 13.5-hectare (34-acre) complex contains twenty courts, including three large-capacity stadiums; Les Jardins de Roland Garros, a large restaurant and bar complex; Le Village, the press and VIP area; France's National Training Centre (CNE); and the Tenniseum, a bilingual, multimedia museum of the history of tennis.
Hjo
Hjo (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjuː] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Hjo Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 6,094 inhabitants in 2010. The town is located on the west coast of Vättern.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
2011–12 Austrian Regionalliga
The 2011–12 season of the Regionalliga was the 53rd season of the third-tier football league in Austria, since its establishment in 1959.

In the three Regional Leagues (East, Central, and West), teams played two heats for advancement into the First League.  Two of the three teams would qualify.  In 2011–12, the champion of the Regional League West (WSG Wattens) met the Regional League East champion SV Horn in the qualification, while the Regional League Central champion GAK met the First League last-place finisher.  Insofar as the relegated teams did not have other arrangements, three teams had to move down to the fourth level league.

Austrian Regionalliga West
The Regionalliga West (German for 'Regional League West') is the third tier of the Austrian football league system in the states of Salzburg, Tyrol (excluding East Tyrol) and Vorarlberg. It is one of three Regionalligen at this level, together with the Austrian Regionalliga East and the Austrian Regionalliga Central.
1948 Dutch Senate election
Elections for all 50 seats in the Senate of the Netherlands were held on 8 July 1948.

Senators were elected by provincial councils in four "electoral groups". Group I comprised North Brabant, Zeeland, Utrecht and Limburg; group II comprised Gelderland, Overijssel, Groningen and Drenthe; group III comprised North Holland and Friesland; and group IV comprised South Holland. Within each electoral group, Senators were elected by provincial councils using party-list proportional representation. Provincial councillors' votes were weighted to their province's population.

As Senators were elected by the same provincial councillors as in the previous 1946 Senate election, no seats changed hands. The incumbent government, consisting of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Labour Party (PvdA) retained its combined majority of 31 seats.

Catholic People's Party
The Catholic People's Party (Dutch: Katholieke Volkspartij, KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1945 as a continuation of the interwar Roman Catholic State Party, which was in turn a successor of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations. The party was in government throughout its existence. In 1977, a federation of parties including the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) ran together under the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) banner. The three participating parties formally dissolved to form the CDA in 1980.