hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K S Rao Road
Karnad Sadashiva Rao Road, abbreviated as K S Rao Road, is a popular arterial road in Mangaluru, India. It runs from PVS Circle at one end to Hampankatta on the other where it joins Maidan Road near Mangaluru Central Railway Station. This road is named after the Indian freedom fighter Karnad Sadashiva Rao.

Many commercial buildings and shopping malls are situated adjacent to this road.

Hampankatta
Hampankatta (also known as Happananakatte/Hampankatte/Hampananakatte/Hampanakatte and pronounced as 'Hampanakatte' in Tulu and Kannada) is the centre of Mangalore City, Karnataka. Most of the public utilities are located here. Hampanakkatte was named by the British in 1920. Its original name was 'Appanakatte'. The town was named after a person called Appanna Poojary who constructed a 'well' in the region around 1900.
Complex question
A complex question, trick question, multiple question, fallacy of presupposition, or plurium interrogationum (Latin, 'of many questions')  is a question that has a complex presupposition. The presupposition is a proposition that is presumed to be acceptable to the respondent when the question is asked. The respondent becomes committed to this proposition when they give any direct answer. When a presupposition includes an admission of wrongdoing, it is called a "loaded question" and is a form of entrapment in legal trials or debates. The presupposition is called "complex" if it is a conjunctive proposition, a disjunctive proposition, or a conditional proposition. It could also be another type of proposition that contains some logical connective in a way that makes it have several parts that are component propositions.

Complex questions can but do not have to be fallacious, as in being an informal fallacy.

Conditional sentence
A conditional sentence is a sentence in a natural language that expresses that one thing is contingent on another, e.g., "If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled." They are so called because the impact of the sentence’s main clause is conditional on a subordinate clause. A full conditional thus contains two clauses: the subordinate clause, called the antecedent (or protasis or if-clause), which expresses the condition, and the main clause, called the consequent (or apodosis or then-clause) expressing the result.

To form conditional sentences, languages use a variety of grammatical forms and constructions. The forms of verbs used in the antecedent and consequent are often subject to particular rules as regards their tense, aspect, and mood. Many languages have a specialized type of verb form called the conditional mood – broadly equivalent in meaning to the English "would (do something)" – for use in some types of conditional sentences.
Sekhar Chandra
Sekhar Chandra was an Indian cricketer who played for Himachal Pradesh.

Chandra made a single List A appearance for the side, during the 1994–95 season, against Jammu and Kashmir. From the lower order, he scored 4 runs. While Jammu and Kashmir won the match, the points accrued from the game were later annulled.

Himachal Pradesh cricket team
The Himachal Pradesh cricket team is an Indian cricket team based in Himachal Pradesh. It has competed in the Ranji Trophy since the 1985–86 season. They have won their first domestic trophy, by winning the 2021–22 edition of Vijay Hazare Trophy.
Takme Buda
Takme Buda (Nepali: तक्मे बुढा; alternative spelling: Takme Budha) is a fictional character on the NTV-produced television series Meri Bassai. He is portrayed by comedian actor Wilson Bikram Rai.
He is an old Gurkha war veteran Limbu man who has fought World War I and often tells his story to other people about how he survived in the war. He belongs to Rai and Limbu both community because his father is Rai and Mother was Limbu. he performs as a veteran Limbu soldier imitating the Limbu ascent to entertain spectators in Meri Bassai,a television program. His tone tallies with Limbu mother language speaking people in the television show .

Meri Bassai
Meri Bassai (Nepali: मेरी बास्सै) is a Nepali sitcom television series. It began in 2006 and still continuing and has become the longest running sitcom in Nepal. Sitaram Kattel is the script writer, co-director and one of the major actors of the sitcom.
Chinese Taipei at the 2012 Asian Beach Games
Chinese Taipei competed at the 2012 Asian Beach Games held in Haiyang, China from June 16 to 22, 2012. Chinese Taipei sent 40 athletes and competed in 6 sports.

They won a total of 15 medals, including 3 golds, 6 silvers and 6 bronzes. It earned the fifth position in the general medal table.

All 3 golds were won from roller speed skating, Kao Mao-chieh in Men's 200 m time trial Chen Yan-cheng in Men's 10000 m points, and Li Meng-chu in Women's 20000 m elimination. Kou Nai-han and Chang Hui-min won the bronze medal in beach volleyball.

Kou Nai-han
Kou Nai-han (Chinese: 顧乃涵; pinyin: Gù Nǎihán, born 12 March 1982) is a Taiwanese volleyball player who has played in 14 matches for the Chinese Taipei women's national volleyball team. She was part of the Chinese Taipei women's national volleyball team at the 2006 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan.
Catalyst (role-playing game supplements)
Catalyst is a series of fantasy role-playing game supplements created by Flying Buffalo as a series of game aides that could be used with any medieval fantasy-themed role-playing game system.  The first supplement, Grimtooth's Traps, was released in 1981.  Numerous other Catalyst books were produced, including the Citybook series, seven Traps books, Treasure Vault, and the Lejentia campaign setting. The latest, City of the Gods Map Pack was produced in 2011.

Citybook I was the 1982 winner of the HG Wells Best Role Playing Adventure in 1982. Other Catalyst books have been nominees for the same award in later years.

Major contributors to the Catalyst books include Michael A. Stackpole, Liz Danforth, Steve Crompton, Ken St. Andre, Jennell Jaquays, Deb Wykle (aka Debora Kerr and Wynn Mercere), Rick Loomis, Larry DiTillio, and Bear Peters, along with many others.

Liz Danforth
Elizabeth T. Danforth (born 1953) is an illustrator, editor, writer, and scenario designer for collectible card games, role-playing games and video games. She has worked in the game industry continuously since the mid 1970s.
Poorakkali
Poorakkali (meaning Festival Performance) is a traditional dance ritual performed by men during the nine-day Pooram Thiyya festival in Bhagavathy temples across North Malabar in Kerala State of south India.

The Pooram festival begins with the Karthika asterism and concludes with the Pooram asterism of the month of Meenam according to the Malayalam calendar (corresponding to the sun sign Pisces according to the Julian Calendar) to honour Kamadeva, the god of love.

The performers come from different sects like Thiyya, Maniyani, Nambiar etc.  The basis of Poorakkali essentially is the memories of Vasanthapooja performed by inmates of different worlds like heaven, earth etc. Poorakkali spreads knowledge and entertainment. The show steals the hearts of audience with melodious songs and befitting body movements. The Panickers are well-known names in the world of Poorakkali and have contributed much to the survival and expansion of this art form.

Pisces (astrology)
Pisces (♓︎; /ˈpaɪsiːz/; Ancient Greek: Ἰχθύες Ikhthyes, Latin for "fishes") is the twelfth and final astrological sign in the zodiac. It is a mutable sign. It spans 330° to 360° of celestial longitude. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this area between about February 19 and March 20. In classical interpretations, the symbol of the fish is derived from the ichthyocentaurs, who aided Aphrodite when she was born from the sea.

Some tropical astrologers believe the current astrological age is the Age of Pisces, while others maintain that currently it is the Age of Aquarius. It is the sign that is accustomed to living with paraplegia, since it knows how to achieve independence.
Chinese Taipei men's national softball team
Chinese Taipei men's national softball team is the national team for Taiwan (Chinese Taipei).  The 1988 World Championships were held in Saskatoon, Canada.  The team played 13 games in the round robin round. Australia beat Chinese Taipei 2–0 in one game in this round. The 1992 World Championships, the eighth time the event was competed for, was held in Manila.  Australia beat Chinese Taipei 9–2 in one game in the first round robin round. They finished with 4 wins and 4 losses. The team competed at the 1996 ISF Men's World Championship in Midland, Michigan where they finished with 4 wins and 6 losses. The team competed at the 2000 ISF Men's World Championship in East London, Eastern Cape where they finished fifteenth.

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Gary Bodeau
Gary Bodeau (born 18 November 1977) is a Haitian politician who served as President of the Haitian Chamber of Deputies 
from 10 January 2018 to 13 January 2020.

On April 5, 2023, he was sanctioned for corruption by the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés; Haitian Creole: Chanm Depite) is the lower house of Haiti's bicameral legislature, the Haitian Parliament. The upper house of the Haitian Parliament is the Senate of Haiti. The Chamber has 119 members (previously 99) who are elected by popular vote to four-year terms. There are no term limits for Deputies; they may be re-elected indefinitely.

In March 2015 a new electoral decree stated that the new Chamber of Deputies have 118 members, and the Senate will retain the 30 members. On 13 March, President Michel Martelly issued a decree that split the Cerca La Source into two constituencies, and therefore increasing the number of deputies up to 119.
McCammon
McCammon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob McCammon (born 1941), Canadian ice hockey player

Catherine McCammon, American geologist

J. Andrew McCammon (born 1947), American chemist and academic

John McCammon, Irish bicycle inventor

Kurt A. McCammon, American urologist

Mark McCammon (born 1978), English-born Barbadian footballer

Mary McCammon (circa 1928 – 2008), British mathematician

Morgan McCammon (1922-1999), Canadian lawyer and businessman

Robert R. McCammon (born 1952), American novelist

William W. McCammon (1838-1903), American Civil War Union Army officer

Catherine McCammon
Catherine Ann McCammon is a Canadian geoscientist who is employed by the University of Bayreuth. Her research focuses on surface and mantle processes, as well as the physics and chemistry of minerals. She is a Fellow of the European Association of Geochemistry and American Geophysical Union. In 2013, she was awarded the European Geosciences Union Robert Wilhelm Bunsen medal. She is the editor of the journal Physics and Chemistry of Minerals.
Anderson Lake (Jefferson County, Washington)
Anderson Lake is a 57-acre (23 ha) body of water located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Chimacum in Jefferson County, Washingtonwithin Section 9, Township 29N, Range 1W. Anderson Lake has a maximum depth of 29 feet (8.8 m) and a water volume of 1,228 acre-feet (1,515,000 m3). The lake drains into Chimacum Creek and Port Townsend Bay. It is surrounded by Anderson Lake State Park. The lake's fish population includes lake-reared rainbow trout that carry over to a second season from the initial spring fishery.

Toxic algae have caused the lake to be closed to all access on multiple occasions. The lake has annual cyanobacteria blooms dominated by dolichospermum (anabaena), aphanizomenon and microcystis. These blooms are a major producer of anatoxin-a, a potent neurotoxin. County health officials have seasonally  monitored local lakes for blue-green algae since 2007.

Anabaena
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton. They are known for nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. They are one of four genera of cyanobacteria that produce neurotoxins, which are harmful to local wildlife, as well as farm animals and pets. Production of these neurotoxins is assumed to be an input into its symbiotic relationships, protecting the plant from grazing pressure.

A DNA sequencing project was undertaken by the United States Department of Energy between 1999 and 2005. This project mapped the complete genome of model organism Anabaena variabilis  ATCC 29413, which is 7.2 million base pairs long. A paper detailing the process was published in 2014. The study focused on heterocysts, which convert nitrogen into ammonia. Certain species of Anabaena have been used on rice paddy fields, proving to be an effective natural fertilizer.
Cosipara modulalis
Cosipara modulalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1972. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona and Colorado.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in July and August.

Eugene G. Munroe
Eugene Gordon Munroe (8 September 1919 – 31 May 2008) was a Canadian entomologist who discovered numerous species of insects. He worked for the Insect Systematics and Biological Control Unit, Entomology Division in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Munroe was "the acknowledged authority on the Pyraloidea worldwide for many years". From 1976 to 1982, he also served as editor-in-chief of Moths of America North of Mexico.
2022–23 Taoyuan Leopards season
The 2022–23 Taoyuan Leopards season was the franchise's 2nd season, its second season in the T1 League. The Leopards were coached by Liu Chia-Fa in his second year as their head coach, with Su Yi-Chieh as their general manager. On December 19, 2022, Su Yi-Chieh announced that he resigned from general manager. On December 21, the Leopards named Chang Chien-Wei, the chief executive officer of the Taoyuan Leopards, as their interim general manager. On March 24, 2023, the Leopards named Liu Chia-Fa as their player development and skills consultant, and hired John Bennett as their new head coach.

Su I-chieh
Su I-Chieh (born 28 January 1987 in Keelung) is a Taiwanese professional basketball player. Su also plays for the Chinese Taipei national basketball team and made his national team debut at the FIBA Asia Championship 2009.

Born in Taipei, the 22-year-old Su played primarily off the bench for the Chinese Taipei team at the 2009 Asian Championship.  In his most extensive action of the tournament, he had game highs in assists in Chinese Taipei's preliminary round victories over Kuwait and Uzbekistan.

On October 28, 2022, the Taoyuan Leopards of the T1 League announced Su's return as an active player. During the season, he was also general manager of and head coach of the team, serving in his former role until his resignation on December 19, 2022. Su made his T1 League debut on 24 December 2022, and reunited with head coach Liu Chia-fa, who last coached Su with the Dacin Tigers of the Super Basketball League. On April 26, 2023, Su announced that he left the Taoyuan Leopards.
Rachid Mimouni
Rachid Mimouni (Arabic: رشيد ميموني; 20 November 1945 – 12 February 1995) was an Algerian writer, teacher, and human rights activist.

Mimouni wrote novels describing Algerian society in a realist style. He was threatened by Islamic militants for his stance against a movement which he described as being based on archaic ideas, irrelevant in the present time.

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
Instruments used in general surgery
There are many different surgical specialties, some of which require specific kinds of surgical instruments to perform.

General surgery is a specialty focused on the abdomen; the thyroid gland; diseases involving skin, breasts, and various soft tissues; trauma; peripheral vascular disease; hernias; and endoscopic procedures.

Instruments can be classified in many ways, but, broadly speaking, there are five kinds of instruments.

Cutting and dissecting instruments

Grasping or holding instruments

Hemostatic instruments

Retractors

Tissue unifying instruments and materials

Instruments used in surgery are:

Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

There are many types of endoscopies. Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by a doctor or a surgeon. During the procedure, a patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Similar instruments are called borescopes for nonmedical use.
Bon Yeon
Soensanim Bon Yeon is the dharma name and title of  Jane McLaughlin-Dobisz. She is the guiding teacher of the Cambridge Zen Center of the Kwan Um School of Zen in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She received dharma transmission in 2000, and is also a published author and editor of the book The Whole World is a Single Flower by Seungsahn.

Dharma transmission
In Chan and Zen Buddhism, dharma transmission is a custom in which a person is established as a "successor in an unbroken lineage of teachers and disciples, a spiritual 'bloodline' (kechimyaku) theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself." The dharma lineage reflects the importance of family-structures in ancient China, and forms a symbolic and ritual recreation of this system for the monastic "family".

In Rinzai-Zen, inka shōmei (印可証明) is ideally "the formal recognition of Zen's deepest realisation", but practically it is being used for the transmission of the "true lineage" of the masters (shike) of the training halls. There are only about fifty to eighty of such inka shōmei-bearers in Japan.

In Sōtō-Zen, dharma transmission is referred to as shiho, and further training is required to become an oshō.
2001 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival
The 2001 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival (Spanish: Festival Olímpico de la Juventud Europea 2001) was the sixth edition of multi-sport event for European youths between the ages of 12 and 18. It was held in Murcia, Spain from 22 to 26 July. A total of ten sports were contested. The event received financial support from the Olympic Solidarity programme.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Arntzen de Besche
Arntzen de Besche Advokatfirma AS is a Norwegian business law firm employing more than 130 lawyers. The firm serves Norwegian and international clients within the private and public sectors. Arntzen de Besche provides services in all areas of corporate law: EU and competition law, labor law, real estate, mergers and acquisitions and capital markets, petroleum law, tax law, company law, contract law, and litigation.
The company is headquartered in Oslo, with branch offices in Trondheim and Stavanger.

The company has approximately 170 employees - who together make up one of Norway's largest law firms.

In January 2021, the Supreme Court of Norway convicted Arntzen de Besche of negligent counseling of Polaris Media and sentenced the firm to pay damages of NOK 100 million.

Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: (Norges) Høyesterett; Norwegian Nynorsk: (Noregs) Høgsterett; lit. 'Highest Court') is the highest court in the Norwegian judiciary. It was established in 1815 on the basis of section 88 in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, which prescribed an independent judiciary. It is located in the capital Oslo. In addition to serving as the court of final appeal for civil and criminal cases, it can also rule whether the Cabinet has acted in accordance with Norwegian law and whether the Parliament has passed legislation consistent with the Constitution.
Proenkephalin
Proenkephalin (PENK), formerly known as proenkephalin A (since proenkephalin B was renamed prodynorphin), is an endogenous opioid polypeptide hormone which, via proteolyic cleavage, produces the enkephalin peptides met-enkephalin, and to a lesser extent, leu-enkephalin. Upon cleavage, each proenkephalin peptide results in the generation of four copies of Met-enkephalin, two extended copies of met-enkephalin, and one copy of leu-enkephalin. Contrarily, Leu-enkephalin is predominantly synthesized from prodynorphin, which produces three copies of it per cleavage, and no copies of Met-enkephalin. Other endogenous opioid peptides produced by proenkephalin include adrenorphin, amidorphin, BAM-18, BAM-20P, BAM-22P, peptide B, peptide E, and peptide F.

The following table lists the peptides that are derived from cleavage of the proenkephalin protein.

Enkephalin
An enkephalin is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception (pain sensation) in the body.  The enkephalins are termed endogenous ligands, as they are internally derived (and therefore endogenous) and bind as ligands to the body's opioid receptors.  Discovered in 1975, two forms of enkephalin have been found, one containing leucine ("leu"), and the other containing methionine ("met"). Both are products of the proenkephalin gene:

Met-enkephalin is Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met.

Leu-enkephalin is Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu.
Umarpur
Umarpur is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 6.7 km from postal head office in Nurmahal, 26 km from Phillaur, 35 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 146 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch, who is an elected representative.

Nurmahal
NurMahal or Noor Mahal is a city and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is a small city located between Nakodar - Phillaur Road in Punjab. This town is also connected with the nearby towns of Phillaur and Nakodar by a road going along the railway lines. Nurmahal is situated 13 km from Nakodar, 16 km from Phillaur, 33 km from Jalandhar.
And Many more villages are close by to Nurmahal.