hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conduit 2
Conduit 2 is a first-person shooter video game developed by High Voltage Software for the Wii video game console. It is the sequel to The Conduit. The definite article of the original title was dropped during development as the developers considered it "too much of a mouthful".

The game makes use of the Quantum3 engine, a game engine designed by High Voltage Software specifically for the Wii. The engine allows effects such as bump mapping, reflection and refraction, and gloss and detail mapping to be implemented. Conduit 2 supports a wide variety of peripherals such as Wii MotionPlus, Classic Controller, Classic Controller Pro, and the PDP Headbanger Headset.

Conduit 2 released to mixed reviews, and failed to meet sales expectations. Despite the game ending on a cliffhanger, High Voltage Software has not developed a third Conduit game.

A Nintendo 3DS port was revealed prior to the game's release as a proof-of-concept but was seemingly abandoned.

Bump mapping
Bump mapping is a texture mapping technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object. This is achieved by perturbing the surface normals of the object and using the perturbed normal during lighting calculations. The result is an apparently bumpy surface rather than a smooth surface, although the surface of the underlying object is not changed. Bump mapping was introduced by James Blinn in 1978.

Bump mapping is the most common variation of bump mapping used.
Ronnie Williams (racing driver)
Ronnie Williams (born October 8, 1996) is an American professional stock car racing driver who last competed part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, driving the No. 99 for Jamie Tomaino. Williams is a two time SK Modified track champion at Stafford Motor Speedway, winning back to back titles in 2018 and 2019.

Williams has also competed in series such as the Tri-Track Open Modified Series, the Modified Racing Series, the SMART Modified Tour, and the World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing.

SMART Modified Tour
The Southern Modified Auto Racing Teams (SMART) Tour is a Modified stock car racing series racing in the Southeastern region of The United States. The series began in 1989, NASCAR took over the series in 2005. During its time as a NASCAR sanctioned series it followed identical regulations to the Northern NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.

The series merged with the Northern Modified Tour in 2017 bringing an end to the series after almost 30 years.

The series came back in late 2020 without NASCAR sanction under the SMART Tour name and ran its first full season since 2004, in 2021 with the likes of Bobby Labonte and Ryan Preece competing, after only 4 events in 2020.

All races are broadcast live on FloRacing.
Adrien Basin
Adrien Basin (fl. 1457 – 1476; died after 1498) was a Franco-Flemish composer, singer, and diplomat of the Burgundian School of the early Renaissance.  He was listed along with Antoine Busnois and Hayne van Ghizeghem as one of the personal singers to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.

Franco-Flemish School
The designation Franco-Flemish School, also called Netherlandish School, Burgundian School, Low Countries School, Flemish School, Dutch School, or Northern School, refers to the style of polyphonic vocal music composition originating from France and from the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th and 16th centuries as well as to the composers who wrote it. The spread of their technique, especially after the revolutionary development of printing, produced the first true international style since the unification of Gregorian chant in the 9th century. Franco-Flemish composers mainly wrote sacred music, primarily masses, motets, and hymns.
Xavier Fernique
Xavier Fernique (3 May 1934  – 15 March 2020) was a mathematician, noted mostly for his contributions to the theory of stochastic processes.  Fernique's theorem, a result on the integrability of Gaussian measures, is named after him.

Gaussian measure
In mathematics, a Gaussian measure is a Borel measure on finite-dimensional Euclidean space , closely related to the normal distribution in statistics. There is also a generalization to infinite-dimensional spaces. Gaussian measures are named after the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. One reason why Gaussian measures are so ubiquitous in probability theory is the central limit theorem. Loosely speaking, it states that if a random variable  is obtained by summing a large number  of independent random variables with variance 1, then  has variance  and its law is approximately Gaussian.
Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.

Rebecca Lancefield
Rebecca Craighill Lancefield (January 5, 1895 – March 3, 1981) was a prominent American microbiologist. She joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (now Rockefeller University) in New York in 1918, and was associated with that institute throughout her long and outstanding career. Her bibliography comprises more than 50 publications published over 60 years.

Lancefield is best known for her serological classification of β-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria, Lancefield grouping, which is based on the carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on their cell walls. She is also responsible for the serological typing of group A streptococci.
Kurohyō: Ryū ga Gotoku Shinshō
Kurohyō: Ryū ga Gotoku Shinshō (Japanese: クロヒョウ　龍が如く新章; "Black Panther: Like a Dragon New Chapter"), codenamed "Project K", is a 2010 video game developed by Sega along with syn Sophia and released by Sega for the PlayStation Portable (PSP) in 2010. The game was introduced on April 21, 2010 by Famitsu and is a spin-off of Sega's Yakuza series. An adaptation of the game was televised from October 5 to December 21, 2010, on MBS and TBS.

Mainichi Broadcasting System
JOOY-DTV (channel 4), branded as Mainichi Broadcasting System (Japanese: 毎日放送, Hepburn: Mainichi Hōsō; MBS) (formerly known as Mainichi Broadcasting System Television from 1959 to 2011), is a Japanese television station serving as the Kansai region key station of the Japan News Network. It is owned and operated by Mainichi Broadcasting System, Inc., a subsidiary of MBS Media Holdings, with its studios based in the Kita-ku ward of Osaka.

From its inception in 1959 until 2021, MBS operated as a unified broadcaster, with its radio and television operations remaining intact until 2017, when a major restructuring placed the operations under the second incarnation of MBS. In 2021, the radio division was spun off as a separate, wholly owned subsidiary.
John Carminow
John Carminow or Carminowe (c. 1516 – 1592) was an English politician.

He was the eldest son of Thomas Carminow, of Respryn, a gentleman of the bedchamber to Henry VIII, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Cheeseman, Cofferer of the Household to King Henry VII, and sister to Robert Cheeseman.

His younger brother, Nicholas Carminowe, was the MP for Launceston (Dunheved) and Bodmin.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Cornwall (5 October 1553 – 5 December 1553) and Truro (1563–1567). He was High Sheriff of Cornwall for 1558–59.

In spite of being described as ‘an old fornicator, a common drunkard, corrupt, ignorant’ he was a Justice of the Peace from 1569 until his death.

He married Margaret, daughter of Christopher Tredinnick, and they had 3 sons, including George and Oliver, MP for St. Mawes, and subsequently for Truro and Tregony and a daughter, Mary.

Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)
Cornwall is a former county constituency covering the county of Cornwall, in the South West of England. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of England then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Knights of the Shire, elected by the bloc vote system.

Under the Reform Act 1832, it was divided between the constituencies of East Cornwall and West Cornwall.
Severin doctrine
The Severin doctrine, established in the 1943 case Severin v. United States, 99 Ct. Cl. 435, is a legal principle in United States federal contract law. It stipulates that a prime contractor cannot sue the federal government to recover damages incurred by a subcontractor unless the prime contractor is liable to the subcontractor for those damages.

Subcontractor
A subcontractor is a person or business which undertakes to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract, and a subcontract is a contract which assigns part of an existing contract to a subcontractor.

A general contractor, prime contractor or main contractor may hire subcontractors to perform specific tasks as part of an overall project to reduce costs or to mitigate project risks. In employing subcontractors, the general contractor hopes to receive the same or better service than the general contractor could have provided by itself, at lower overall risk.

The European Union has recognised the need to make provision for sub-contracting in its rules on public procurement, as arrangements for sub-contracting can support the EU's drive to involve more small and medium-sized undertakings in the provision of goods and services for the public sector.
Estover, Plymouth
Estover is a district in Devon, England, within the Plymouth boundary area. The original hamlet was extensively developed during the 1970s, into what became back then a large housing estate, consisting almost entirely of council houses (constructor: Wimpey Homes), situated five miles northeast of Plymouth city centre in the English county of Devon. The majority of the houses are now privately owned.

Estover also annexes an industrial estate. It has two schools, Tor Bridge High (formerly Estover Community college) and Tor Bridge Primary, both of which are situated along Miller Way. Estover has one public house, the Jolly Miller. ASDA opened their very first, and large Asda superstore in southern England in Estover in 1976. The industrial estate is home to, amongst others, a Wrigley Company Limited factory.

Industrial park
An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park can be thought of as a more heavyweight version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry.
Old School (2003 film)
Old School is a 2003 American comedy film directed and co-written by Todd Phillips. The film stars Luke Wilson, Will Ferrell, and Vince Vaughn as depressed men in their thirties who seek to relive their college days by starting a fraternity, and the tribulations they encounter in doing so. Old School was produced by The Montecito Picture Company and released by DreamWorks Pictures on February 21, 2003. The film received mixed reviews from critics, and grossed $87.1 million worldwide on a $24 million budget.

Ivan Reitman
Ivan Reitman OC (/ˈraɪtmən/; October 27, 1946 – February 12, 2022) was a Canadian film director and producer. He was known for his comedy films, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. Reitman was the owner of The Montecito Picture Company, founded in 1998.

Films he directed include Meatballs (1979), Stripes (1981), Ghostbusters (1984), Twins (1988), Ghostbusters II (1989), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Dave (1993), Junior (1994) and Draft Day (2014). Reitman also served as producer for such films as National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), Heavy Metal (1981), Space Jam (1996) and Private Parts (1997).
Scott Freeborn
Scott Freeborn (born 20 May 1978) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Freeborn was initially listed by Port Adelaide in the 1996 AFL draft for their entry to the league in 1997, as a zone selection. A left footer, he played in the SANFL for Woodville-West Torrens but could not break into the AFL until getting a second chance when he was rookie listed by Carlton.

In 2000, Freeborn played 18 AFL games, three of them finals. He was again a regular member of the team in 2001, mostly as a defender, putting together 23 appearances and missing just one game all year. Freeborn, the brother of North Melbourne premiership player Glenn, suffered from an Achilles tendon injury and broken collar bone in 2002 which limited him to six games. He did not play at all in 2003 due to a foot injury and osteitis pubis, giving the club little option but to delist him at the end of the season.

Woodville-West Torrens Football Club
Woodville-West Torrens Football Club is an Australian rules football club playing in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). The club was formed in 1990 from a merger of the neighbouring Woodville and West Torrens football clubs and played its inaugural game in 1991.  Since 1993, the Eagles have played most of their home games at Woodville's home ground of Woodville Oval, having previously used Football Park.
Zinnatunnessa Talukdar
Zinatun Nesa Talukdar (1947 – 29 October 2023) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician who was the state Minister of Primary and Mass Education. She also served as the State Minister of Women and Children Affairs. She was one of the three female ministers out of 43 cabinet ministers in the First Sheikh Hasina Cabinet during 1996–2001.

Talukdar was awarded by the Government of Bangladesh a Begum Rokeya Padak in 2018.

Ministry of Primary and Mass Education
The Ministry of Primary and Mass Education (Bengali: প্রাথমিক ও গণশিক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়; abbreviated as MoPME) is the ministry responsible for primary (class I-VIII)
and mass education in Bangladesh.  Secondary, vocational and tertiary educations is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education.
Los Santos Zone
Los Santos Zone (Spanish: Zona de los Santos) is a mountainous region in the San José Province of Costa Rica, in the center-south of the country. It is also known in Spanish as Valle de los Santos or just Los Santos.

It corresponds to a wide sector of a series of intermontane valleys composed by the cantons of Tarrazú, Dota and León Cortés Castro. The nearby districts of San Cristóbal and Frailes, both of Desamparados canton, are under the socioeconomic influence of the zone.

San José Province
San José (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ xoˈse]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the central part of the country, and borders (clockwise beginning in the north) the provinces of Alajuela, Heredia, Limón, Cartago and Puntarenas. The provincial and national capital is San José. The province covers an area of 4,965.9 km². and has a population of 1,404,242.
Amantekha
Amantekha was a king of Kush, ruling from Meroë in the second half of the third century BCE. Amantekha is known only from his tomb, Beg. N 4, which although relatively small is also the earliest known tomb from Meroë's northern cemetery. The tomb and the decoration of its chapel are not well preserved. The king's name appears on blocks from the south wall of the pyramid chapel. The throne name Menibre is only partly preserved, so that other readings are possible too.

Amantekha is conventionally placed in the chronology of Kushite rulers as the successor of Amanislo and the predecessor of an unknown king who used the Horus name "Shesepankhenamen Setepenre".

Horus name
The Horus name is the oldest known and used crest of ancient Egyptian rulers. It belongs to the "great five names" of an Egyptian pharaoh. However, modern Egyptologists and linguists are starting to prefer the more neutral term "serekh name". This is because not every pharaoh placed the falcon, which symbolizes the deity Horus, atop his (or in some cases, her) serekh.
Beware of Pity
Beware of Pity is a 1946 British romantic drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Lilli Palmer, Albert Lieven and Cedric Hardwicke. It is based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Stefan Zweig. A paraplegic young baroness mistakes compassion for love. The film's costumes were designed by Cecil Beaton. It was made by Two Cities Films at Islington Studios. The film was not a great popular success outside the Soviet Union.

Islington Studios
Islington Studios, often known as Gainsborough Studios, were British film studios located on the south bank of the Regent's Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton in the former Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch, London between 1919 and 1949. The studios are closely associated with Gainsborough Pictures which was based there for most of the studios' history. During its existence Islington Studios worked closely with its sister Lime Grove Studios in Shepherd's Bush and many films were made partly at one studio and partly at the other. Amongst the films made at the studios were Alfred Hitchcock thrillers, Will Hay comedies and Gainsborough melodramas.
Wang Ziwen
Wang Ziwen (Chinese: 王子文; pinyin: Wáng Zǐwén, born 28 February 1987), also known by her English name Olivia Wang and now as Ava Wang, is a Chinese actress. She is most known for portraying Qu Xiaoxiao in the popular Chinese television drama Ode to Joy and as Xuxu in When a Snail Falls in Love.

Wang ranked 87th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list.

Forbes China Celebrity 100
The Forbes China Celebrity 100 is a list published annually by Forbes that ranks the influence of Chinese celebrities. First published in 2004, it is similar to the Celebrity 100 also published by Forbes. Factors that are taken into account include income, search engine hits, as well as exposure in newspapers, magazines, and television.

Prior to 2010, the list only included celebrities born in mainland China. In 2010, it started to include Chinese celebrities born in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other countries or regions. The list was suspended in 2016 and 2018. It published only a top 10 ranking in 2021 and has been discontinued since.
1983–84 Liga Artzit
The 1983–84 Liga Artzit season saw Hapoel Haifa win the title and promotion to Liga Leumit. Hapoel Kfar Saba and Hapoel Petah Tikva were also promoted.

Hapoel Beit She'an, Hapoel Nazareth Illit and Hapoel Beit Shemesh were all relegated to Liga Alef.

Liga Artzit
Liga Artzit (Hebrew: ליגה ארצית, lit. Country League) is the defunct third division of Israeli Football League, beneath its highest division Premier League and the second division Liga Leumit. Before being cancelled in 2009, it was run by the Israel Football Association. It was replaced by Liga Alef.
Vietnamese heritage sites
Monuments are traces of the past that remain in the earth or on the surface and have significance in terms of culture and history. In Vietnam, a monument that meets the necessary criteria is recognized in the following order: provincial-level monuments, national-level monuments, and special national monuments. As of 2020, Vietnam has more than 41,000 monuments and scenic sites, including over 4,000 classified as national monuments and more than 9,000 as provincial-level monuments. The highest density and number of monuments are found in the 10 provinces of the Red River Delta (accounting for 56% of the national monuments and 46% of the total monuments). Among the national monuments, there are 112 special national monuments, including 8 World Heritage Sites.

Bắc Ninh
Bắc Ninh (listenⓘ) is a former city in the northern part of Vietnam and was the capital of Bắc Ninh province. The city was the cultural, administrative and commercial center of the province. The city area was 82.60 square km, with a population of 247,702 in 2019. In January 2006, the town (thị xã) of Bắc Ninh was upgraded to city (thành phố).

Bắc Ninh ceased to exist as a municipal city on 1 July 2025, following the elimination of district level units in Vietnam.
Modification (mathematics)
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a modification is an arrow between natural transformations. It is a 3-cell in the 3-category of 2-cells (where the 2-cells are natural transformations, the 1-cells are functors, and the 0-cells are categories). The notion is due to Bénabou.

Given two natural transformations , there exists a modification  such that:

,

, and

.

The following commutative diagram shows an example of a modification and its inner workings.

Higher category theory
In mathematics, higher category theory is the part of category theory at a higher order, which means that some equalities are replaced by explicit arrows in order to be able to explicitly study the structure behind those equalities. Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology (especially in homotopy theory), where one studies algebraic invariants of spaces, such as the fundamental weak ∞-groupoid.

In higher category theory, the concept of higher categorical structures, such as (∞-categories), allows for a more robust treatment of homotopy theory, enabling one to capture finer homotopical distinctions, such as differentiating two topological spaces that have the same fundamental group but differ in their higher homotopy groups. This approach is particularly valuable when dealing with spaces with intricate topological features, such as the Eilenberg-MacLane space.
Sutter Island
Sutter Island (formerly Schoolcraft Island) is a small island of the Sacramento River in California. It is bordered by the Sacramento River on the northeast, Steamboat Slough to the southeast, and Sutter Slough to the west. It is located across the Sacramento River from Paintersville. It is part of Sacramento County, and managed by Reclamation District 349. Its coordinates are 38°17′37″N 121°35′32″W﻿ / ﻿38.29361°N 121.59222°W﻿ / 38.29361; -121.59222﻿ (Sutter Island). It is shown, labeled "Schoolcraft Island", on an 1850 survey map of the San Francisco Bay area made by Cadwalader Ringgold and an 1854 map of the area by Henry Lange.

China Slough
China Slough (also called: Sutter Slough, China Lake, Sutter Lake, Sacramento Chinatown, Sacramento Chinadom, Old Sacramento Chinatown, Yee Fow), is a historical site in Sacramento, California. The site of the former China Slough is California Historical Landmark No. 594, registered on May 22, 1957. The site of California Historical Landmark China Slough is the northeast corner of 4th Street and I Street in Sacramento at about 401 I Street. Before the China Slough was filled in, the waterway ran from 3rd Street to 5th Streets to north of I Street in Sacramento. The site became the Central Pacific Railroad Sacramento station built in 1910. The 1910 station had a wooden Trestle bridge built over the China Slough. A new depot was built nearby, the Sacramento Valley Station in 1926, and is now operated by Amtrak. The China Slough ran almost where the current Amtrak train tracks run today.