hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edwin Arthur Ward
Edwin Arthur Ward (1859–1933) was a British artist who established himself in London as a society portrait painter. 
Ward was born in Basford in Nottingham and moved to London at the age of 19.
Between 1884 and 1903 he was a regular exhibitor at the Royal Academy in London. He also exhibited with the Royal Society of British Artists and elsewhere. In 1891 he was elected a member of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters.
One of his daughters, Nora England also became an artist. Ward died in Dorset and Nottingham Castle Museum holds examples of his paintings.

Basford, Nottingham
Basford /ˈbeɪsfərd/ ⓘ is a northerly suburb of Nottingham, in Nottinghamshire, England, incorporated into the city in 1877. It gave its name to Basford Rural District, which existed from 1894 to 1974. The ward population at the 2011 census was 16,207, estimated at 16,779 in 2019. Next to Old Basford is New Basford, which is mainly Victorian. Basford lies close to the River Leen, a tributary of the River Trent. It is linked to Nottingham City Centre to the south and Hucknall and Bulwell to the north by the Nottingham Express Transit tram service.
Graybar Electric Company Building
The Graybar Electric Company Building is located at 55 West Canfield Street in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. This warehouse building was rented to the Graybar Electric Company from 1926 into the 1940s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
A.G. Lafley
Alan George "A. G." Lafley (born June 13, 1947) is an American businessman who led consumer goods maker  Procter & Gamble (P&G) for two separate stints, from 2000 to 2010 and again from 2013 to 2015, during which he served as chairman, president and CEO. In 2015, he stepped down as CEO to become executive chairman of P&G, eventually retiring in June 2016.

As CEO, Lafley was called "one of the most lauded CEOs in history" and is credited with revitalizing P&G under the mantra “Consumer is Boss,” with a focus on billion dollar brands like Crest, Tide, and Pampers.  But he also brought in several new brands, like Swiffer and Febreze, by merging P&G's internal resources with outside “open” innovation, referred to as Connect + Develop.

Prior to rejoining P&G in 2013, Lafley consulted on business and innovation strategy, advising on CEO succession and executive leadership development, and coaching experienced, new, and potential CEOs.

Febreze
Febreze is an American brand of household odor eliminators manufactured by Procter & Gamble. It is sold in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.

First introduced in test markets in March 1996, the fabric refresher product has been sold in the United States since June 1998, and the line has since branched out to include air fresheners (Air Effects), plug-in oil (Noticeables), scented disks (Scentstories), odor-eliminating candles, and automotive air fresheners.

The name Febreze is a portmanteau of the words fabric and breeze. In many non-English speaking countries, the products are sold as Ambi Pur.

In 2010, the Febreze brand generated over one billion dollars in revenue worldwide.
Eastern Championship Association
The Eastern Championship Association was an independent minor baseball league that played in the 1881 season, as an early minor league. The league franchises were based in New York, Pennsylvania and Washington D.C. Teams were permitted to play non-league games. The New York Metropolitans won the league championship.

Brooklyn Atlantics
The Atlantic Base Ball Club of Brooklyn ("Atlantic" or the "Brooklyn Atlantics") was baseball's first champion and its first dynasty. The team was also the first baseball club to visit the White House in 1865 at the invitation of President Andrew Johnson.
AuronPlay
Raúl Álvarez Genes (Spanish: [raˈul ˈalβaɾeθ ˈxenes], born 5 November 1988), better known as AuronPlay or simply Auron, is a Spanish YouTuber, Twitch streamer, and comedian.

As of February 2023, AuronPlay's YouTube channel has over 4 billion total video views, and he is the fourth most-subscribed YouTuber from Spain, with over 29.1 million subscribers. He is also among the most popular streamers on Twitch, operating the fourth most-followed Twitch channel in the world with over 16.8 million followers on the platform, according to analytics company Social Blade.

Social Blade
Social Blade (sometimes spelled SocialBlade) is an American social media analytics website. Social Blade most notably tracks the YouTube platform, but also has analytical information regarding Twitch, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. Social Blade functions as a third-party API, providing its users with aggregated data from these various social media platforms. Jason Urgo is the CEO of Social Blade.
ODIN (cable system)
ODIN was a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

It was 1040 km in length and used Synchronous Digital Hierarchy technology and had two 2.5Gbit/s lines (One active and one redundant) and can simultaneously carry 30,000 telephone calls. It was built in 3 segments (Segment 1: Netherlands - Denmark, segment 2: Denmark - Norway, Segment 3: Norway - Sweden) and the project cost DKK 480m (Approx. €64.5m).

It had landing points in:

Alkmaar, Netherlands

Måde, Denmark

Blåbjerg, Denmark

Kristiansand, Norway

Lysekil, Sweden

The segment between Måde and Blåbjerg was overland (shown in blue).

ODIN Seg1 is out of service since 1 January 2007.

Segment 3 is out of service since approximately 22 April 2008.

The last segment was taken out of service before January 2009.

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
Sovetskaya Street
Sovetskaya (Russian: Советская) is a street about one kilometer long in the historical centre of Astrakhan, Russia. It forms the heart of the White Town historic district. It begins near the walls of the Astrakhan Kremlin stretching from Trediakovski to Kalinine Streets. Its modern name literally means 'the Soviet'.

Astrakhan Kremlin
Astrakhan Kremlin (Russian: Астраханский кремль, romanized: Astrakhanskiy kreml) is a fortress in Astrakhan, Russia. It is located on a hill on an island in the Volga Delta, between the Volga, the Kutum, and the Tsarev.
Kalatpadai
Kalatpadai (transl. Infantry) is a 2003 Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by J. Ramesh, making his directorial debut. The film stars newcomer Jai and Vidhya Venkatesh, with Radha Ravi, J. Livingston, Thalaivasal Vijay, Nithin Sathya, Rajsekhar, Jyothi, Thennavan and Kuyili playing supporting roles. It was released on 15 January 2003.

Kuyili (actress)
Kuyili is an Indian actress and dancer who has acted and performed in multiple South Indian films. She also acted in many TV serials. She is famous for the song "Nila Athu Vaanathu Mela" in Mani Ratnam’s Nayakan (1987), in which she performed an item number, balancing on a moving boat.
Vexatorella
Vexatorella  is a genus containing four species of flowering plant, commonly known as vexators, in the family Proteaceae. The genus is endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. The name means “little trouble-maker”, given with reference to the initial difficulties of placing V. latebrosa within the family. All species are shrubs which occur in dry fynbos habitats on the fringes of the Succulent Karoo ecoregion. The inflorescences are similar to those of the related leucospermums but also share features of the leucadendrons, with the floral bracts becoming woody and enlarged following pollination. The flowers are insect-pollinated, with the seeds dispersed by ants (myrmecochory).

Succulent Karoo
The Succulent Karoo is an ecoregion defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature to include regions of desert in South Africa and Namibia, and a biodiversity hotspot. The geographic area chosen by the WWF for what they call 'Succulent Karoo' does not correspond to the actual Karoo.
Hamhung station
Hamhŭng station is a railway station in Yŏkchŏn 1-dong, Sŏngch'ŏngang-guyŏk, Hamhŭng city, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, located on the P'yŏngra Line of the Korean State Railway; it is also the starting point of the Sinhŭng Line and the Sŏho Line. A locomotive depot is located here, and there are spurs to the Hamhŭng Knitwear Factory and the Paekkŭmsan Combined Foodstuffs Factory in Haebit-tong, Sŏngch'ŏngang-guyŏk.

South Hamgyong Province
South Hamgyong Province (Korean: 함경남도, Hamgyŏngnamdo; Korean pronunciation: [ham.ɡjʌŋ.nam.do]) is a province of North Korea.  The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Hamgyong Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Hamhung.
Amaurobius erberi
Amaurobius erberi is a species of spider in the family Amaurobiidae, found in Europe and the Canary Islands.

A. erberi is very similar to A. similis and A. fenestralis in general appearance. The epigyne is separated from that of A. fenestralis by the outlines of the spermathecaa which extend well ahead of the anterior margin. The male palps are similar to that of A. similus but, from above, the thin apophysis is longer. The males are mature in autumn and the females are probably mature throughout the year.

It is generally found under stones and logs and in leaf litter.

Amaurobius fenestralis
Amaurobius fenestralis is a species of spider in the family Amaurobiidae.

It is one of at least two common spiders found in houses known as lace-webbed spider, the other being Amaurobius similis. The specific name similis is based on its similarity to A.  fenestralis. Both are often found near windows, hence the specific name of A. fenestralis. The two species are difficult to distinguish: A. fenestralis tends to be smaller and lighter in colouration when an adult. Both species have V-shaped markings on their abdomens, with A. fenestralis usually having two or three, and A. similis four. Examination of the genitalia may be needed for precise identification. This spider has been seen preying on another spider, Steatoda nobilis in areas around the UK.
Misedani Dam
Misedani Dam (三瀬谷ダム, Misedani damu) is a multipurpose concrete Arch-gravity dam in located in Ōdai, Mie Prefecture, Japan. completed in 1966.
The dam is one of several crossing the Miyagawa River, and was intended for  hydroelectric power generation, and for the supply of industrial water to the Ise Bay industrial region.

The Misedani Dame was constructed by Nishimatsu Construction Co., Ltd., with construction starting in 1963, and completed by 1965. It is currently owned maintained by the Mie prefectural government.

Ise Bay
Ise Bay (伊勢湾, Ise-wan) is a bay located at the mouth of the Kiso Three Rivers between Mie and Aichi Prefectures in Japan. Ise Bay has an average depth of 19.5 meters (64 ft) and a maximum depth of 30 meters (98 ft). The mouth of the bay is 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) and is connected to the smaller Mikawa Bay by two channels: the Nakayama Channel and the Morosaki Channel. Mikawa Bay is subsequently joined to the Pacific Ocean by the Irako Channel, which ranges from 50–100 meters (160–330 ft) in depth.
Battle of Montenegro
The Battle of Montenegro, also called the Battle of Cuyambuyo, was fought on 24 June 1838 as part of the Tarija War, between Argentina and the Peru–Bolivian Confederation.

The invading Argentine army was defeated by a force led by Otto Philipp Braun supported by Francisco Burdett O'Connor, settling the location of Bolivia's southwestern border.

Jujuy Province
Jujuy [xuˈxuj] is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south.
First Call
First Call was an American contemporary Christian music (CCM) group, consisting of Mel Tunney, Marty McCall, and Bonnie Keen. During their career spanning more than 30 years, the group worked with many noted producers and arrangers including David Maddux, Steven V. Taylor, Dan Keen, Greg Nelson, Keith Thomas, Neal Joseph, Wayne Kirkpatrick, Phil Naish and Darrell Brown.

Keith Thomas (music producer)
Brian Keith Thomas is an American record producer and songwriter from Franklin, Tennessee. He founded the record label and artist management company Levosia Entertainment in 2003. He has received two Grammy Awards from six nominations.
Lifshitz theory of van der Waals force
In condensed matter physics and physical chemistry, the Lifshitz theory of van der Waals forces, sometimes called the macroscopic theory of van der Waals forces, is a method proposed by Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz in 1954 for treating van der Waals forces between bodies which does not assume pairwise additivity of the individual intermolecular forces; that is to say, the theory takes into account the influence of neighboring molecules on the interaction between every pair of molecules located in the two bodies, rather than treating each pair independently.

Relative permittivity
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.

Permittivity is a material's property that affects the Coulomb force between two point charges in the material. Relative permittivity is the factor by which the electric field between the charges is decreased relative to vacuum.

Likewise, relative permittivity is the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using that material as a dielectric, compared with a similar capacitor that has vacuum as its dielectric. Relative permittivity is also commonly known as the dielectric constant, a term still used but deprecated by standards organizations in engineering as well as in chemistry.
Cupid Disarmed (Watteau)
Cupid Disarmed (L'Amour désarmé) is a c. 1715 oil-on-canvas painting, usually but not definitively attributed to Antoine Watteau. It is one of eight paintings kept by Watteau's friend and protector Jean de Jullienne until the latter's death in 1766. Benoît Audran engraved it in 1727 and described and reproduced it in an inventory of the Jullienne collection in 1756. After Jullienne's death the art dealer Boileau jajaja bought it for Jean-Baptiste de Montullé, Jullienne's executor.

It was sold again in 1783 and seems to have been sold from the hôtel Bullion to a British collector after the Reign of Terror, before returning to France just before 1848. It then entered the collection of the marquis de Maison, with which it was bought by Henri d'Orleans, Duke of Aumale in 1868, who hung it in the salle de la Tribune in his château de Chantilly. It still forms part of the Musée Condé.

Jean-Baptiste de Montullé
Jean-Baptiste-François de Montullé (3 February 1721 – 26 August 1787) was a French magistrate, who was born and died in Paris. His daughter Émilie-Sophie became an artist, whilst Jean-Baptiste himself was an art collector, though he had to sell off his collection thanks to financial difficulties at the end of 1783 - it included five paintings by Antoine Watteau. He was also executor to the collector Jean de Jullienne.
B. Ruby Rich
B. Ruby Rich is an American scholar; critic of independent, Latin American, documentary, feminist, and queer films; and a professor emerita of Film & Digital Media and Social Documentation at UC Santa Cruz. Among her many contributions, she is known for coining the term "New Queer Cinema". She is currently the editor of Film Quarterly, a scholarly film journal published by University of California Press.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Annabelle: Creation (soundtrack)
Annabelle: Creation (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the 2017 film Annabelle: Creation directed by David F. Sandberg; the fourth instalment in the The Conjuring Universe and the sequel to Annabelle (2014). Benjamin Wallfisch composed the score which was released under the WaterTower Music label on August 4, 2017.

David F. Sandberg
David Fredrik Sandberg (born 21 January 1981) is a Swedish filmmaker. He came to prominence for writing, directing, producing, editing, and scoring no-budget short horror films, which he released online under the pseudonym "ponysmasher". The most popular of these, Lights Out (2013), received a feature film adaptation in 2016, marking his feature-length directorial debut. He has since directed the films Annabelle: Creation (2017), Shazam! (2019), Shazam! Fury of the Gods (2023), and the 2025 film adaptation of the video game Until Dawn.
Susan Gass
Susan Gass (born 1943) is an American linguist who has won the Kenneth W. Mildenberger Prize. She is currently a professor emerita, retired from the Department of Linguistics, Languages, and Cultures at Michigan State University. Her research focuses on applied linguistics with a special focus on second language learning, corrective feedback, and task-based language learning. She graduated in 1961 from Kingswood School Cranbrook.

Corrective feedback
Corrective feedback is a frequently-used practice in the field of learning and achievement. It typically involves a learner receiving either formal or informal feedback on their understanding or performance on various tasks by an agent such as teacher, coach, employer or peer(s). To successfully deliver corrective feedback, it needs to be nonevaluative, supportive, timely, and specific.
Cherif Al Idrissi Airport
Cherif Al Idrissi Airport (Arabic: مطار الشريف الإدريسي) (IATA: AHU, ICAO: GMTA) is an international airport serving Al Hoceima, Morocco. It is the second-busiest airport in the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region of northern Morocco. The airport is named after the 12th century CE Moroccan geographer and cartographer Al-Idrisi (1100–1165).

Regions of Morocco
Regions are currently the highest administrative divisions in Morocco. Since 2015, Morocco officially administers 12 regions, including one (Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab) that lies completely within the disputed territory of Western Sahara and two (Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra and Guelmim-Oued Noun) that lie partially within it. The regions are subdivided into a total of 75 second-level administrative divisions, which are prefectures and provinces.

A region is governed by a directly elected regional council. The president of the council is responsible for carrying out the council's decisions. Prior to the 2011 constitutional reforms, this was the responsibility of the Wali, the representative of the central government appointed by the King, who now plays a supporting role in the administration of the region.
Ernie and the Automatics
Ernie and the Automatics were an American blues rock band based in Boston. Guitarist Barry Goudreau and drummer Sib Hashian are both former members of Boston.

Brian Maes (keyboards and lead vocals) and Tim Archibald (bass) are both former members of RTZ and are alumni of the Berklee College of Music. On saxophone is Michael "Tunes" Antunes, a member of John Cafferty & The Beaver Brown Band who appeared in the movie Eddie and the Cruisers. Ernie Boch Jr. (guitar) is a graduate of Berklee.

Ernie and the Automatics' debut album, Low Expectations, produced by Brian Maes (mixed by Bob St. John and mastered by Bob Ludwig), was released by Open E Records in February 2009. The album debuted at No. 7 on Billboard's Blues Albums chart and stayed for six weeks.

In August 2009, the band appeared on 'On Stage with Mantis' in support of Low Expectations.

Eddie and the Cruisers
Eddie and the Cruisers is a 1983 American musical drama film directed by Martin Davidson with the screenplay written by the director and Arlene Davidson, based on the novel by P. F. Kluge. The sequel Eddie and the Cruisers II: Eddie Lives! followed in 1989.
Aeroflot Flight 101/435
Aeroflot Flight 101/435 was a Soviet domestic passenger flight that was hijacked by its co-pilot, Shamil Alimuradov, on 19 December 1985, en route from Takhtamygda to Chita. Armed with a hatchet, Alimuradov demanded that captain Vyacheslav Abramyan divert the Antonov An-24 aircraft to China. Soviet officials authorized the crew to land in China, and gave Abramyan the radio frequency of Qiqihar Airport, but Alimuradov demanded that Abramayan fly to Hailar instead. The aircraft ran out of fuel, and landed in a cow pasture. Alimuradov was apprehended by the Chinese, and the passengers were allowed to travel to Hailar and Harbin. On 21 December, the crew and all 46 passengers returned safely to the Soviet Union.

First officer (aviation)
In aviation, the first officer (FO), also called co-pilot, is a pilot who serves as the second-in-command of an aircraft, alongside the captain, who is the legal commander. In the event of incapacitation of the captain, the first officer will assume command of the aircraft.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute is the University of Miami School of Medicine's ophthalmic care, research, and education center. The institute is based in the Health District of Miami, Florida, and has been ranked consistently as the best eye hospital and vision research center in the nation.

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute faculty and staff treat patients from around the world at the institute's multi-location facilities, including its flagship location in Miami and at satellite facilities elsewhere in Miami-Dade County, Broward County, Palm Beach County, and Collier County in South Florida.

The institute's clinical faculty treats more than 250,000 patients annually, provides 24-hour emergency care, and is the only community-based ophthalmic care center for indigent and low-income patients of Miami-Dade County.

Collier County, Florida
Collier County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, its population was 375,752; an increase of 16.9% since the 2010 United States Census. Its county seat is East Naples, where the county offices were moved from Everglades City in 1962. Collier County comprises the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which, along with the Cape Coral-Fort Myers (Lee County) MSA and the Clewiston (Hendry County, Glades County) Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), is included in the Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples Combined Statistical Area (CSA).