hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Finn
Adam Hugh Roderick Finn is professor of paediatrics at the University of Bristol and head of the Bristol Children's Vaccine Centre. He has been chairman of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Technical Advisory Group of Experts (ETAGE) on Immunization since 2011 and is an ex-officio member of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts.

He is a member of the British Department of Health Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) and in 2015 was elected president of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID).

Finn was a senior lecturer at the University of Sheffield for 10 years before joining the University of Bristol as professor of paediatrics and head of the Bristol Children's Vaccine Centre.

European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases
The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) is a non-profit medical association registered in Germany that focuses on paediatric infectious diseases. Since its founding in 1983, it has grown to include over 2300 members. The majority (77% in 2025) were from Europe, the remainder from Asia, Americas, Oceania and Africa. ESPID forms the basis for clinicians and scientists interested in all aspects of infectious diseases in children and their prevention. The society is engaged in a number of activities including the organization of multicentre trials, international exchange of paediatric infectious disease fellows, educational activities, and an annual scientific conference.
Pacification (military action)
In a military context, the term pacification refers to a process by which the cooperation or surrender of a population is secured by military force or other means of coercion. The term originated in the Roman Empire where it saw popular usage in the context of the Roman ideal of pax (peace) and Roman imperial expansion. According to historian Myles Lavan, the Latin term pacare (to pacify) evoked to the Romans a grand project of peace-making while, in English, "pacified" has since crystallised as a euphemism for the suppression of resistance to state power.

From 1880 onward the term saw popular usage by colonial empires as a pretext for war under the guise of protecting populations, alongside the colonial concept of protectorates. The term pacification is therefore often presented in quotation marks by contemporary historians.

Casus belli
A casus belli (from Latin  casus belli 'occasion for war'; pl. casus belli) is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war. A casus belli involves direct offenses or threats against the nation declaring the war, whereas a casus foederis involves offenses or threats against its ally—usually one bound by a mutual defense pact. Either may be considered an act of war. A declaration of war usually contains a description of the casus belli that has led the party in question to declare war on another party.
Listed buildings in Great Yeldham
Great Yeldham is a village and civil parish in the Braintree District of Essex, England. It contains 41 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I, two are grade II* and 38 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Great Yeldham
Great Yeldham is a village and civil parish in north Essex, England, about 6 miles (10 km) from the Suffolk border. It is situated along the main A1017 road (formerly A604) between Braintree and Haverhill. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,948.
Nikolay Milkov
Nikolay Milkov (born 10 December 1957) is a Bulgarian diplomat and politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2 August 2022 to 3 May 2023. Prior to his appointment, he was the Bulgarian Ambassador to France. He had also served as the Ambassador to Canada and Romania.

Ministry of foreign affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as a secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president).
Ola Setrom
Ola Setrom (1895–1946) was a Norwegian schoolteacher and writer.

Setrom was born in Oppdal Municipality. Among his books are the poetry collections Blåhøsongann from 1926 and Nordan under fjellom from 1935. The stories Medan steinane mel from 1937, Eit år sviv rundt from 1938, and Når tuftene ryk from 1939, treat conflicts between old and new in the rural society. He was awarded the Melsom Prize in 1937.

Melsom Prize
The Melsom Prize (Norwegian: 'Melsom-prisen') is a Norwegian literary award. It is given annually to a writer or translator who writes in Nynorsk, for a work published during the preceding year. The prize was established in 1922 by the shipowner Ferdinand Melsom. The prize sum was 40,000 Norwegian kroner in 2015.
Pristimantis dundeei
Pristimantis dundeei is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil near its type locality, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso. Its natural habitats are gallery forests in the Cerrado savanna. Its status is insufficiently known.

Chapada dos Guimarães
Chapada dos Guimarães is a municipality located in central Brazil, 62 km from the city of Cuiabá, the capital of Mato Grosso State. It is home to the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park. Outside this town is the geographic center of South America.

The municipality contains 77% of the 3,534-hectare (8,730-acre) Rio da Casca Ecological Station, a strictly protected conservation unit created in 1994.
The municipal seat contains the 31 hectares (77 acres) Quineira State Park, created in 2006.
Brahim Ghali
Brahim Ghali (/ˈɡɑːli/; Arabic: إبراهيم غالي, romanized: Ibrāhīm Ġālī; born 19 August 1949) is a Sahrawi politician, military officer and current president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), formerly its ambassador to Algeria and Spain.

Ghali played a key role in the struggle of the Sahrawi people for self-determination and independence from Morocco. He was instrumental in the creation of the Movement for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab, the 1970 Zemla Intifada against Spanish rule, the foundation of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro (Polisario Front) in 1973, and the Sahrawi Republic in 1976. He also played a major role in the Western Sahara War and establishment of MINURSO, the UN peacekeeping mission for the Western Sahara.

Sahrawis
The Sahrawis, or Sahrawi people (Arabic: صحراويون, romanized: Ṣaḥrāwīyūn; Spanish: saharauis), are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Sahara desert, which includes the Western Sahara, southern Morocco, much of Mauritania, and along the southwestern border of Algeria. They are of mixed Hassani Arab and Sanhaji Berber descent, as well as West African and other indigenous populations.

As with most peoples living in the Sahara, the Sahrawi culture is a mix of Arab colonial and indigenous African elements. Sahrawis are composed of many tribes and are largely speakers of the Hassaniya dialect of Arabic.
2012 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters – Singles
Seven-time defending champion Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–3, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2012 Monte-Carlo Masters. Nadal became the first man in the Open Era to win a tournament eight consecutive times. He did not lose a set during the tournament, and his win over Djokovic in the final was his record-extending 42nd consecutive match win at the Monte-Carlo Masters.

This tournament marked the final professional appearance of former world No. 3 and 2010 Indian Wells Masters champion Ivan Ljubičić; he lost in the first round to compatriot Ivan Dodig.

Mikhail Kukushkin
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kukushkin (Russian: Михаил Александрович Кукушкин; born 26 December 1987) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 39, achieved on 25 February 2019.
Miami-Jacobs Career College
Miami-Jacobs Career College was a private for-profit career college with locations throughout Ohio. Miami-Jacobs Career College had locations in several Ohio cities: Columbus, Dayton, Independence, Sharonville, Springboro, and Troy. All campuses were closed by April 2018.

Troy, Ohio
Troy is a city in and the county seat of Miami County, Ohio, United States. The population was 26,305 at the 2020 census, making it Miami County's largest city and Ohio's 55th-largest. Troy lies along the Great Miami River about 19 miles (31 km) north of Dayton and is part of the Dayton metropolitan area.
Gaulin Dinosaur Tracksite
Gaulin Dinosaur Tracksite contains assemblages of animal trace fossils including dinosaur footprints, believed to have been made during the Early Jurassic Period around 200 million years b.p., on what was then periodically a playa lake shoreline. The first tracks were discovered March 25, 1996 on private land in Holyoke, Massachusetts by landowner Gary Gaulin.

The site is part of ongoing academic research, but is located in a residential area and not open to the general public as a tourist attraction. The scientifically valuable specimens are on public display or stored for further study in the "vault" below the main viewing area at the nearby Springfield Science Museum for researchers to request a visit into.

Springfield Science Museum
The Springfield Science Museum is located in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the United States. Founded in 1859, the museum has operated in its current building since 1899. The building has undergone two expansions, in 1934 and 1970. It is also home to the country's oldest operating projection planetarium, Seymour Planetarium.
Moyes XT
The Moyes XT is an Australian high-wing, single-place, hang glider that was designed and produced by Moyes Delta Gliders of Botany, New South Wales. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Botany, New South Wales
Botany is a suburb in the south of the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Botany is 11 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Bayside Council.

Botany sits on the northern shore of Botany Bay, east of Sydney Airport, adjacent to the suburbs of Mascot, Banksmeadow, Pagewood and Port Botany.
2012 Brasil Open
The 2012 Brasil Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor clay courts. It was the 12th edition of the event known as the Brasil Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place from February 13 through February 19, 2012, in São Paulo, Brazil for the first time, since the previous tournaments were held in Costa do Sauípe, Brazil. The competition was also moved from an outdoor event to indoors and was played at the Complexo Desportivo Constâncio Vaz Guimarães.

Nicolás Almagro
Nicolás Almagro Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas alˈmaɣɾo ˈsantʃeθ]; born 21 August 1985 in Murcia, Spain) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He reached the quarterfinals of the French Open in 2008, 2010 and 2012 (losing each time to Rafael Nadal, the eventual champion in each occasion), as well as the quarterfinals of the Australian Open in 2013 (losing to David Ferrer after leading by two sets to love).

Over his career, Almagro won thirteen singles titles, and he achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 9 in May 2011. Following his retirement, Almagro began coaching American player Danielle Collins.
Cicero station (CTA Pink Line)
Cicero is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, serving the Pink Line. The station was the site of an accident in 1979 in which a train derailed and hit the station, stopping just short of the ticket agent's booth. The station is located in Cicero, Illinois.

Pink Line (CTA)
The Pink Line is an 11.2 mi (18.0 km) rapid transit line in Chicago, run by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) as part of the Chicago "L" system. It is the CTA's newest rail line and began operation for a 180-day trial period on June 25, 2006, running between 54th/Cermak station in Cicero, Illinois and the Loop in downtown Chicago. As the line enters downtown Chicago, it begins to share tracks with Green Line trains on Lake Street. This connection is handled by the previously non-revenue Paulina Connector set of tracks. In 2023, over 3 million passengers boarded Pink Line trains.
Proto-Indo-European phonology
The phonology of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) has been reconstructed by linguists, based on the similarities and differences among current and extinct Indo-European languages. Because PIE was not written, linguists must rely on the evidence of its earliest attested descendants, such as Hittite, Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, and Latin, to reconstruct its phonology.

The reconstruction of abstract units of PIE phonological systems (i.e. segments, or phonemes in traditional phonology) is mostly uncontroversial, although areas of dispute remain. Their phonetic interpretation is harder to establish; this pertains especially to the vowels, the so-called laryngeals, the palatal and plain velars and the voiced and voiced aspirated stops.

Laryngeal consonant
Laryngeal consonants (a term often used interchangeably with guttural consonants) are consonants with their primary articulation in the general region of the larynx. The laryngeal consonants comprise the pharyngeal consonants (including the epiglottals), the glottal consonants, and for some languages uvular consonants.

The term laryngeal is often taken to be synonymous with glottal, but the larynx consists of more than just the glottis (vocal folds): it also includes the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds.  In a broad sense, therefore, laryngeal articulations include the radical consonants, which involve the root of the tongue.  The diversity of sounds produced in the larynx is the subject of ongoing research, and the terminology is evolving.

The term laryngeal consonant is also used for laryngealized consonants articulated in the upper vocal tract, such as Arabic 'emphatics' and Korean 'tense' consonants.
1829 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1829 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was an uncontested election held on April 15, 1829, to elect the governor of Rhode Island. James Fenner, the incumbent governor and Jacksonian Party nominee, was the only candidate and so won with 100% of the vote.

James Fenner
James Fenner (January 22, 1771 – April 17, 1846) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator as well as the 7th, 11th and 17th Governor of Rhode Island (on three occasions). He was the son of Arthur Fenner, the fourth governor of Rhode Island.
Escape Dynamics
Escape Dynamics, Inc. was a Colorado-based technology company that operated 2010–2015 focused on bringing to market single-stage-to-orbit reusable electromagnetically powered spaceplanes.

Although the company demonstrated operation of a prototype thruster with an end-to-end (grid to thruster) sequence of operation of an externally powered propulsion system in 2015, the company ceased operations at the end of 2015 as a result of insufficient funding to complete the requisite R&D process to complete development.

Technology company
A technology company (or tech company) is a company that focuses primarily on the manufacturing, support, research and development of—most commonly computing, telecommunication and consumer electronics–based—technology-intensive products and services, which include businesses relating to digital electronics, software, optics, new energy, and Internet-related services such as cloud storage and e-commerce services. Big Tech refers to the 6 largest companies, both in the United States and globally, symbolized by the metonym 'Silicon Valley', where 4 of them are based.
Motif (software)
Motif is a graphical user interface (GUI) widget toolkit for Unix-like operating systems using X11. Motif's look and feel is distinguished by its use of rudimentary square and chiseled three-dimensional effects for its various user interface elements.

Closely related to Motif is the Motif Window Manager (MWM).

Motif is the toolkit for the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and thus became the standard widget toolkit for the commercial UNIXes that adopted CDE. CDE was part of the UNIX 98 Workstation Product Standard, so Motif was part of that standard. It was also the toolkit for the IRIX Interactive Desktop.

After many years as proprietary software, Motif was released in 2012, as free software under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL-2.1-or-later).

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
CCM mode
CCM mode (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers.  It is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed to provide both authentication and confidentiality.  CCM mode is only defined for block ciphers with a block length of 128 bits.

The nonce of CCM must be carefully chosen to never be used more than once for a given key.
This is because CCM is a derivation of counter (CTR) mode and the latter is effectively a stream cipher.

Confidentiality
Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise sometimes executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types of information.
Margetts
Margetts is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dean Margetts (born 1974), Australian rules football field umpire

Dee Margetts (born 1955), Australian politician

Helen Margetts (born 1961), British political scientist

Jenny Margetts (1936–1991), Indigenous activist

Jonny Margetts (born 1993), English footballer

Matt Margetts (born 1988), Canadian freestyle skier

Jade Margetts (born 2001), International supermodel

Dean Margetts
Dean Margetts (born 3 June 1974) is an Australian rules football field umpire in the Australian Football League. He has umpired over 300 career games in the AFL. He began his umpiring career with the South Suburban Junior Football Umpires Association (SSJFUA) which has been renamed now as the Demons District Football Umpiring Association (DDFUA), in Western Australia.

In May 2022, Margetts appeared on the AFL-centred YouTube channel BackChat, hosted by Will Schofield and Dan Const, to discuss umpiring games of AFL.
Nikolai Yaroshenko
Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko (Russian: Николай Александрович Ярошенко; Ukrainian: Микола Олександрович Ярошенко, romanized: Mykola Oleksandrovych Yaroshenko; 13 December [O.S. 1 December] 1846 – 7 July [O.S. 25 June] 1898) was a Russian painter of Ukrainian origin.

Yaroshenko painted is famous for his portraits, genre paintings, and drawings. His genre paintings usually depict torture, struggles, fruit, bathing suits, and other hardships faced in the Russian Empire. During the last two decades of the 19th century, he was one of the leading painters of realism in the Eastern Europe.

Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)
Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (Russian: Владимир Сергеевич Соловьёв; 28 January [O.S. 16 January] 1853 – 13 August [O.S. 31 July] 1900) was a Russian philosopher, theologian, poet, pamphleteer, and literary critic, who played a significant role in the development of Russian philosophy and poetry at the end of the 19th century and in the spiritual renaissance of the early 20th century.
Alonso de Pastrana
Alonso de Pastrana (?  – ?) was a cacique who served as lieutenant governor of Spanish Florida for two one-year terms. The first commenced on November 8, 1622, under Juan de Salinas, and the second on August 17, 1627, under Luis de Rojas y Borja. In 1657, Pastrana was cacique in Arapaja and Santa Fe.

Santa Fe, Mexico City
Santa Fe is a business district and edge city in the west of Mexico City. It is part of the alcaldías (boroughs) of Cuajimalpa and Álvaro Obregón.  Santa Fe consists mainly of luxury highrise buildings surrounding Centro Santa Fe, which is the largest mall in Latin America.  The district includes a residential area and three university campuses.

Paseo de la Reforma  and Avenida Constituyentes  are the main roads to access  the district, and are subject to traffic jams. El Insurgente commuter rail is under construction and has its current terminus in Santa Fe.
Castelnovo
Castelnovo is the name of several comunes in Italy:

Castelnovo Bariano, Province of Rovigo

Castelnovo del Friuli, Province of Pordenone

Castelnovo di Sotto, Province of Reggio Emilia

Castelnovo ne' Monti, Province of Reggio Emilia

Castelnovo del Friuli
Castelnovo del Friuli (Friulian: Cjastelgnûf, Western Friulian: Cjastelnouf) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

Castelnovo del Friuli borders the following municipalities: Clauzetto, Pinzano al Tagliamento, Tramonti di Sotto, Travesio, Vito d'Asio.
Easier to Walk Away
"Easier to Walk Away" is a song written by the British musician Elton John and lyricist Bernie Taupin, performed by John. It is the second and final single released from the Rocket Record Company 2-CD retrospective The Very Best of Elton John, issued largely in overseas markets excluding the United States, where the more expansive box set To Be Continued... was issued. The song peaked at number 63 in the United Kingdom and entered the top 20 in Austria and France. A music video was made to promote the song composed of some John's videos from 1978 to 1990 and some stock footage from various decades.

The Rocket Record Company
The Rocket Record Company is a record label founded by Elton John, along with Bernie Taupin, Gus Dudgeon, Steve Brown and others, in 1973. The company was named after John's hit song "Rocket Man". The label was originally distributed in the UK by Island and in the US by MCA Records, both of which John was also signed to (after 1976).