hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Throat clamp
Throat clamp is a method of subduing that involves the predator using its jaw to grasp the throat of the prey and clamp tight so that the prey's windpipe is either crushed or blocked, causing asphyxiation. It is often seen in predatory felids and occasionally canids and hyaenids, and it has been recently observed in small didelphids.

Cats use this technique to kill prey while dogs and hyenas use this to weaken the prey before eating it, generally alive. It's more often used than the muzzle clamp and is generally safer, though slower. It is usually most effective when positioned as near to the mandible as the carnivore can get. Between the larynx and the jaw, the windpipe is surrounded with less cartilage and is more malleable, while lower down, near the chest, the passageway would be increasingly harder to collapse, so the throat clamp is usually positioned high up on the animal's neck.

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
David Veale
David Mikael William Veale is a British psychiatrist. He is a visiting professor in cognitive behavioural psychotherapies at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London and a consultant psychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. He has conducted a range of clinical research, especially in body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, emetophobia, and depression.

Emetophobia
Emetophobia is a phobia that causes overwhelming, intense anxiety pertaining to vomit. This specific phobia can also include subcategories of what causes the anxiety, including a fear of vomiting, being vomited on, or seeing others vomit. Emetophobes might also avoid the mentions of "barfing", vomiting, "throwing up", or "puking".

It is common for those who suffer from emetophobia to be underweight or malnourished due to strict diets and restrictions they make for themselves. The thought of someone possibly vomiting can cause the phobic person to engage in extreme behaviors to escape from their anxiety triggers, e.g. going to great lengths to avoid situations that could be perceived as "threatening".

Emetophobia is clinically considered an "elusive predicament" because limited research has been done pertaining to it. The fear of vomiting receives little attention compared to other fears.
Zaw Zaw Aung
Zaw Zaw Aung (Burmese: ဇော်ဇော်အောင်; born 1971) is a Burmese artist.

Zaw Zaw Aung was born at Danubyu, Irrawaddy Division, Burma, in 1971. He graduated from Yangon State School of Fine Arts in 1990. He has participated in many local and overseas shows and his works have been collected by the National Museum of Singapore, Jenidong Park Medical Centre, Brunei, Simon & Helena Arts Services, Singapore, Strand Hotel of Yangon, Myanmar and Art Asia NYC, New York. He was co-author of Art Standards with Kin Maung Yin.

Danubyu
Danubyu (Burmese: ဓနုဖြူမြို့ [dənṵbjù mjo̰]) is a town in the Ayeyarwady Division of south-west Myanmar, located on the west bank of the Ayeyarwady River in the Ayeyarwady Delta. It is the seat of the Danubyu Township in the Maubin District.
Vapor (film)
Vapor is a Canadian comedy-drama short film, directed by Kaveh Nabatian and released in 2010. The film depicts the emotional journey of Enrique Salgado (Marco Ledezma), a middle-aged gay Mexican man, through shame, fear and internalized homophobia toward self-acceptance, after being invited to pose in the nude for a photographer (Evergon).

The film was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2010. It received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 31st Genie Awards, and a Prix Jutra nomination for Best Short Film at the 13th Jutra Awards.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Coal River Valley
The Coal River Valley is located in southern Tasmania, primarily within the City of Clarence, and is known for its fertile agricultural land. The valley lies to the east of Hobart, located between the Meehan Range and the Pontos Range, with the town of Richmond at its centre. Other townships in the valley include Colebrook, Campania, and Cambridge.

Cambridge, Tasmania
Cambridge is a suburb in the greater area of Hobart, capital of Tasmania, Australia. It is in the City of Clarence local government area. The suburb is situated in close proximity to Hobart Airport and the Cambridge Aerodrome (Cambridge Airport), and is approximately 18 km to Hobart via the Tasman Highway. In recent years Cambridge had developed an Industrial estate and has become a popular commuter town for people working in Hobart.
Oeceoclades lonchophylla
Oeceoclades lonchophylla is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is native to Tanzania, Mozambique, KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, and Comoros. It was first described by the German botanist Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1885 as Eulophia lonchophylla, then moved to the genus Eulophidium by Rudolf Schlechter in 1925 and to the genus Lissochilus by Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie in 1941. It was last transferred to the genus Oeceoclades in 1976 by Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor. Garay and Taylor also reduced the species Eulophia tainioides to a synonym of O. lonchophylla for lack of distinguishing characteristics that could separate the two species.

Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie
Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf maʁi ɑ̃ʁi alfʁɛd pɛʁje də la bati]; 11 August 1873 – 2 October 1958) was a French botanist who specialized in the plants of Madagascar.

He is the nephew of Eugène Pierre Perrier de la Bâthie, (1825-1916), another botanist, who also collected plants with him.

He delineated the two chief floristic provinces of Madagascar (see Ecoregions of Madagascar). Some of his works include La végétation malgache (1921), Biogéographie de plantes de Madagascar (1936), and numerous volumes of the series Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (1946-1952).
Vaillant's smooth-head
Vaillant's smooth-head (Leptochilichthys pinguis) is a species of deepwater marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Alepocephalidae, the smooth-heads. This species is found in the Atlantic Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

Alepocephalidae
Slickheads, also known as nakedheads or smoothheads, are deep water fishes that belong to the family Alepocephalidae. They are most commonly found in the bathypelagic layer, which is approximately 3000m below the surface. They get their name from the lack of scales on their heads. Similarly, the scientific name is from the Greek ᾰ̓- (a-, "not"); λέπος (lepos, "scale"); and κεφαλή (kephalē, "head"). It has about 22 genera with ca. 96 species.

The only known fossil genus is Carpathichthys from the Early Oligocene of Poland, although an undescribed species of Bathyprion and several indeterminate taxa are also known from the same formation. Fossil otoliths are also known, dating to the Early Eocene.
Alcántara Dam
The Alcántara Dam, also known as the José María de Oriol Dam, is a buttress dam on the Tagus River near Alcántara in the province of Cáceres, Spain. It is named after the politician and captain of the Spanish electricity industry José María de Oriol y Urquijo. The dam regulates much of the flow of the Tagus River, the longest of the Iberian Peninsula. It was built in 1969 and is the second largest reservoir in Western Europe. In 2024, a pumped-storage project was approved to use the Alcántara reservoir as the upper reservoir, and Cedillo as the lower, with around 100 m height difference serving two reversible turbines at a combined 440 MW.

The Roman Alcántara Bridge is located 600 m downstream from the dam.

José María Oriol Urquijo
José María de Oriol y Urquijo, 3rd Marquis of Casa Oriol (1905–1985) was a Spanish entrepreneur and a Carlist and Francoist politician. During early Francoism a mayor of Bilbao, he is known mostly for his business activity, especially for his role in the Spanish energy industry, TALGO train development and the banking sector. He is counted among the most influential Spanish business managers of the 20th century.
Marcus Amand
Marcus Amand (born 5 February 2006) is a Finnish and French racing driver who currently competes in the 2025 Porsche Carrera Cup Australia for TekWorkX Motorsport. He previously raced in FRECA, Italian F4 and ADAC F4 and is the 2019 European Karting Champion.

2025 Porsche Carrera Cup Australia
The 2025 Porsche Carrera Cup Australia (commercially titled 2025 Paynter Dixon Carrera Cup Australia) was a national motor racing series conducted using spec Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup cars. The series which was the twenty-first running of Porsche Carrera Cup Australia was one of the main support categories for the Supercars Championship, supporting eight of the thirteen events in 2025. It was sanctioned by Motorsport Australia.

The series was won by Dylan O'Keeffe, and the Pro-Am championship was won by Rodney Jane.
Love Like Crazy
Love Like Crazy is the debut studio album by American country music artist Lee Brice. It was released on June 8, 2010, by Curb Records. Prior to the album's release, Brice charted three singles: "She Ain't Right," "Happy Endings" and "Upper Middle Class White Trash." The album's title track debuted in August 2009. The album's second single "Beautiful Every Time" released to radio on October 25, 2010.

Curb Records
Curb Records (also known as Asylum-Curb and formerly known as MCG Curb) is an American record label started by Mike Curb, originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM and Verve Records.
Watts Nunatak
Watts Nunatak (72°38′S 74°13′E﻿ / ﻿72.633°S 74.217°E﻿ / -72.633; 74.217) is an isolated nunatak lying 12 nautical miles (22 km) northwest of Mason Peaks in the Grove Mountains. Mapped from air photos, 1956–60, by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions). Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for J.P. Watts, supervising technician (radio) at Mawson Station, 1962.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Watts Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Grove Mountains
72°45′S 75°0′E﻿ / ﻿72.750°S 75.000°E﻿ / -72.750; 75.000 
The Grove Mountains are a large, scattered group of mountains and nunataks extending over an area of approximately 40 by 20 miles (60 by 30 km), located 100 miles (160 km) east of the Mawson Escarpment in American Highland, Antarctica. They were first photographed from the air by aircraft of U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Squadron Leader I.L. Grove, a Royal Australian Air Force pilot with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions, who made a November 1958 landing in these mountains.
Hypostomus pantherinus
Hypostomus pantherinus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Madeira River basin in Brazil. The species reaches at least 4.8 cm (1.9 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Although originally described by Rudolf Kner in 1854 based on a single specimen from the Guaporé River basin in Brazil, Hypostomus pantherinus was redescribed in 2021 and its range was found to also include Bolivia.

Madeira River
The Madeira River (Portuguese: Rio Madeira [maˈdejɾɐ]) is a major waterway in South America. It is estimated to be 1,450 km (900 mi) in length, while the Madeira-Mamoré is estimated near 3,250 km (2,020 mi) or 3,380 km (2,100 mi) in length depending on the measuring party and their methods. The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon, accounting for about 15% of the water in the basin. A map from Emanuel Bowen in 1747, held by the David Rumsey Map Collection, refers to the Madeira by the pre-colonial, indigenous name Cuyari.

The River of Cuyari, called by the Portuguese Madeira or the Wood River, is formed by two great rivers, which join near its mouth. It was by this River, that the Nation of Topinambes passed into the River Amazon.
S. Jinadasa
Sooriyasena Jinadasa was a Ceylonese politician. He was the member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka for Maskeliya, representing the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

Jinadasa contested the 3rd parliamentary election, held between 5 April 1956 and 10 April 1956, in Maskeliya electorate. He was elected, securing 3,228 votes (45.9% of the total vote) and defeating the sitting member, Palahennedi Hewage Charles Silva from the United National Party, by 214 votes. At the 4th parliamentary election, held on 19 March 1960, he ran this time as a member of the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna but was unable to retain his seat, losing to Donald J. Ranaweera, from the United National Party by 1,161 votes.

Mahajana Eksath Peramuna
The Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front) is a political party in Sri Lanka. The party is currently led by former prime minister Dinesh Gunawardena, son of Philip Gunawardena, the founder of the party.
Kingston Escarpment and Iford Hill
Kingston Escarpment and Iford Hill is a 63.4-hectare (157-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Brighton in East Sussex.

These two areas of steeply sloping chalk grassland have a rich invertebrate fauna, including Adonis blue and small blue butterflies and the nationally rare and specially protected wart-biter grasshopper. The flora is also diverse with plants such as squinancywort, horseshoe vetch and eyebright.

Adonis blue
The Adonis blue (Lysandra bellargus, also known as Polyommatus bellargus) is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It inhabits the Palearctic realm (Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Russia, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus, Transcaucasus, and Turkey).

It is found in chalk downland, in warm, sheltered spots, flying low over vegetation, seeking females that are rich chocolate brown in color. The male has brilliantly colored blue wings that give it its name.
Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 2
Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 2 is the third remix album released by Japanese singer/songwriter, Koda Kumi. It was released a year after Koda Kumi Driving Hit's on March 31, 2010. It ranked higher than its predecessor, coming in at #5 on Oricon and staying on the charts for twelve weeks.

Koda Kumi
Kumiko Kōda (神田 來未子, Kōda Kumiko; born November 13, 1982), known professionally as Koda Kumi (倖田 來未, Kōda Kumi), is a Japanese singer from Kyoto, known for her urban and R&B songs.

After debuting with the single "Take Back" in December 2000, Koda gained fame in March 2003 when the songs from her seventh single, "Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba", were used as themes for the video game Final Fantasy X-2. Her popularity grew with the release of her fourth studio album Secret (2005), her sixteenth single "Butterfly" (2005), and her first greatest hits album Best: First Things (2005), reaching the number-three, number-two, and number-one spots respectively.

Though her early releases presented a conservative, quiet image, she has become a fashion leader among young women, setting trends such as the ero-kakkoii style. In 2006 and 2007, Oricon named Koda as the top selling artist of the year.
Charlie Scott (cricketer)
Charles Fergus Buchan Scott (born 13 October 1999) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Scott was born at Hemel Hempstead in October 1999. He was educated at St Albans School, before going up to Durham University. While studying at Durham, he played two first-class cricket matches for Durham MCCU against Durham and Northamptonshire in 2019. He scored 40 runs in his two matches, with a high score of 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Scott has also played minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire. His brother, George, plays first-class cricket at county level.

Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead (/ˌhɛməl ˈhɛmpstɪd/) is a town in the Dacorum district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24 miles (39 km) north-west of London; nearby towns and cities include Watford, St Albans and Berkhamsted. The population at the 2021 census was 95,961.

Hemel Hempstead has existed since at least the 8th century and was granted its town charter by Henry VIII in 1539. It has expanded and developed in recent decades after being designated as a New Town after the end of the Second World War.
Curt Sobel
Curt Elliot Sobel (born October 26, 1953, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American composer and music editor. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics (shared with lyricist Dennis Spiegel) for the song “Why Do I Lie?” from the film by HBO, Cast a Deadly Spell, in August 1992.

His film scores currently include The Flamingo Kid (1984), Alien Nation (1988), Catchfire (1990), Defenseless (1991), A Cool, Dry Place (1998), Body Count (1998), and Tiptoes (2003).

Sobel is a graduate of the University of Michigan and the Berklee College of Music.

Body Count (1998 film)
Body Count is a 1998 crime thriller film starring David Caruso, Linda Fiorentino, John Leguizamo, Ving Rhames, Donnie Wahlberg, and Forest Whitaker. The film was directed by Robert Patton-Spruill.

In the film, a group of thieves flees after a failed heist. They encounter a con artist who has plans for them.
Lex familiae
In the Holy Roman Empire, the lex familiae or ius curiae (German Hofrecht) during the Middle Ages (11th to 15th centuries) was the legislation concerning the relation between the free owner of an estate with both his free workers and his unfree serfs, as well as the legal relations among those employed at an estate. 
The Hofrecht concerns the "private" affairs within an estate, as opposed to the Landrecht.

The nature of these laws was subject to evolution over the centuries. 
Their original scope is exemplified by the lex familiae of Burchard of Worms (early 11th century), which was likely based directly on older, early medieval, laws.
In the course of the High Middle Ages, the status of the ministeriales was detached from the scope of the lex familiae, and it was further weakened by the development of communal statutes, especially in the context of the development of free cities.

Burchard of Worms
Burchard of Worms (c. 950/965 – 20 August 1025) was the bishop of the Imperial City of Worms, in the Holy Roman Empire. He was the author of a canon law collection of twenty books known as the Decretum, Decretum Burchardi, or Decretorum libri viginti.
Opinion polling for the 2021 Russian legislative election
In the run up to the 2021 Russian legislative election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Russia. The results of these polls are displayed in this article. Polls were conducted only for the 225 seats elected on the party list. Another 225 deputies are elected directly in single member constituencies, where the party can obtain a completely different result.

The date range for these opinion polls are from the 2016 Russian legislative election, held on 18 September, until mid-September 2021.

Opinion poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a survey or a poll, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals. A person who conducts polls is referred to as a pollster.
Kemeny's constant
In probability theory, Kemeny’s constant is the expected number of time steps required for a Markov chain to transition from a starting state i to a random destination state sampled from the Markov chain's stationary distribution.  Surprisingly, this quantity does not depend on which starting state i is chosen. It is in that sense a constant, although it is different for different Markov chains. When first published by John Kemeny in 1960 a prize was offered for an intuitive explanation as to why the quantity was constant.

Beyond its theoretical importance, Kemeny’s constant is also applied in practice to evaluate the efficiency of robotic surveillance strategies. More precisely, Kemeny's constant measures how quickly a robot can navigate its environment using Markov chain-based methods.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Kyungon Bridge
16°41′53″N 95°9′12″E﻿ / ﻿16.69806°N 95.15333°E﻿ / 16.69806; 95.15333
The Kyungon Bridge is a bridge on the Wakema–Kyungon–Myinkaseik–Pathein Road across the Pyamalaw River between Wakema Township and Einme Township in Ayeyawady Region of Burma (Myanmar). The one-way bridge is a Bailey suspension bridge with a span of 787 feet (240 m) but only 14 feet (4.3 m) wide.

Using the Kyungon Bridge to travel from Wakema to Pathein, it is only 55.4 miles (89 km) and thus is the shortest route from Wakema to Pathein. The route through Kangalay is 92 miles (148 km) long and the route through Einme is 86 miles (138 km) long. The bridge was opened on 25 October 2009. The bridge was commissioned on 20 March 2022, by State Administration Council members Aye Nu Sein and Moung Har as part of the 77th Armed Forces Day celebration.

Aye Nu Sein
Aye Nu Sein (Burmese: အေးနုစိန်, born 24 March 1957 in Sittwe) is a Burmese lawyer and politician. An ethnic Rakhine, she is vice-chair of the Arakan National Party, and a former member of Myanmar's State Administration Council, from 2021 to 2023. She was appointed to the council on 3 February 2021, in the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. In November 2022, she was awarded the title of Thiri Pyanchi, one of the country's highest honors.