hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruth Britto
Ruth Alexandra Britto-Pacumio is an American mathematical physicist whose research topics include black holes, Yang–Mills theory, and the theory of Feynman integrals; with Freddy Cachazo, Bo Feng, and Edward Witten she is one of the namesakes of the BCFW recursion relations for computing scattering amplitudes. She is an associate professor in mathematics and theoretical physics at Trinity College Dublin, and is also affiliated with the Institut de physique théorique - IPhT Saclay.

Institute of Theoretical Physics, Saclay
The Institute of Theoretical Physics ("Institut de physique théorique") (IPhT) is a research institute of the Direction of Fundamental Research (DRF) of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). The Institute is also a joint research unit of the Institute of Physics (INP), a subsidiary of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). It is associated to the Paris-Saclay University. IPhT is situated on the Saclay Plateau South of Paris.
Namo Falls
The Namo Falls are two waterfalls, the Grandmother (Guella) and the Grandfather (Guello), in the Namo River within the Namo park area on the island of Guam.  The botanical park is located on the border of the villages of Agat and Santa Rita off Route 12, in the south-west coast of the island.  The Namo Falls Botanic Park is privately owned and a fee is required.  The park provides a walk through a botanic garden featuring tropical flowers like mangoes, breadfruit, coconut, star apple, jackfruit, bananas, hibiscus, bougainvillea, orchids, and a large variety of gingers and heliconias,  The Grandmother Falls (Guella) can be used for swimming.

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
Ritter Observatory
The Ritter Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Toledo (UT) in Toledo, Ohio. Ritter Planetarium is located in the same building, and the university also operates Brooks Observatory in an adjacent building. Ritter Observatory features a 1.06 m (42 in) Ritchey-Chrétien telescope built in 1967 by Warner & Swasey Company of Cleveland, Ohio. It was installed in 1968, and is used primarily for spectroscopy and occasionally for instruction and public viewing events.  Research conducted at the observatory focuses on long-term spectroscopic monitoring of stars such as Rigel, Beta Lyrae, and Zeta Tauri.

Ritchey–Chrétien telescope
A Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (RCT or simply RC) is a specialized variant of the Cassegrain telescope that has a hyperbolic primary mirror and a hyperbolic secondary mirror designed to eliminate off-axis optical errors (coma). The RCT has a wider field of view free of optical errors compared to a more traditional reflecting telescope configuration. Since the mid 20th century, a majority of large professional research telescopes have been Ritchey–Chrétien configurations; some well-known examples are the Hubble Space Telescope, the Keck telescopes and the ESO Very Large Telescope.
FC Strogino Moscow
FC Strogino Moscow (Russian: ФК Строгино Москва) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. It started its professional history in the 2013–14 season of the Russian Professional Football League.  FC Strogino's Yantar (Amber) Stadium was the preparation base for the Russian Student's Team before the 2017 Summer Universiade.

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.
Maresias
Maresias is a beach and district at the Atlantic Ocean in the city of São Sebastião, located on São Paulo state's northern coastline, Brazil. The name comes from the ocean breeze that affects the beach and the neighborhood.

The sea at the beach is shaken with big waves and the current is also strong, being one of the most popular surf points in Brazil, serving as a point for some tournaments. The sand is yellowish and soft with 5 kilometers in length. The neighborhood beside the beach attracts many tourists for its variety of restaurants and shops, especially young people, because of its night clubs. There are also programmed walks in the Atlantic Forest.

The beach was discovered in 1974 by surfers who started to explore the beaches north beyond Guarujá.

Sea spray
Sea spray consists of aerosol particles formed from the ocean, primarily by ejection into Earth's atmosphere through bursting bubbles at the air-sea interface. Sea spray contains both organic matter and inorganic salts that form sea salt aerosol (SSA). SSA has the ability to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and remove anthropogenic aerosol pollutants from the atmosphere. Coarse sea spray has also been found to inhibit the development of lightning in storm clouds.

Sea spray is directly (and indirectly, through SSA) responsible for a significant degree of the heat and moisture fluxes between the atmosphere and the ocean, affecting global climate patterns and tropical storm intensity. Sea spray also influences plant growth and species distribution in coastal ecosystems and increases corrosion of building materials in coastal areas.
International Software Testing Qualifications Board
The International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) is a software testing certification board that operates internationally. Founded in Edinburgh in November 2002, the ISTQB is a non-profit association legally registered in Belgium.

ISTQB Certified Tester is a standardized qualification for software testers and the certification is offered by the ISTQB. The qualifications are based on a syllabus, and there is a hierarchy of qualifications and guidelines for accreditation and examination. More than 1.4 million ISTQB exams have been delivered and over 1 million certifications issued; the ISTQB consists of 69 member boards worldwide representing more than 130 countries as of April 2025.

Unit testing
Unit testing, a.k.a. component or module testing, is a form of software testing by which isolated source code is tested to validate expected behavior.

Unit testing describes tests that are run at the unit-level to contrast testing at the integration or system level.
Hurricane Edouard (1996)
Hurricane Edouard was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season, reaching winds of 145 mph (233 km/h) on its path. Edouard remained a major hurricane for eight days, an unusually long amount of time. A Cape Verde hurricane, the storm formed near the coast of Africa in the middle of August. It moved westward then curved northward, and persisted until early September when it became extratropical to the southeast of New England. Edouard was originally forecast to strike the northeast United States, but it produced hurricane-force gusts to portions of southeastern Massachusetts while remaining offshore. The winds caused minor damage totaling $20 million. In addition, the hurricane generated strong waves and rip currents to coastlines, killing two people in Ocean City, New Jersey and causing numerous injuries.

Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones are low-pressure areas which, along with anticyclones, drive the weather over much of the mid-latitudes of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of producing a range of weather conditions from wind, cloudiness and mild showers to severe hail, thunderstorms, blizzards, and tornadoes. This type of cyclone is thus defined as a large scale (synoptic) low pressure weather system occurring in the middle latitudes of the Earth. In contrast with tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones produce rapid changes in temperature and dew point along broad lines called weather fronts, which are present about the center of the cyclone.
Leif Eldring
Leif Thomas Eldring (18 April 1933 – 25 August 1994) was a Norwegian judge and civil servant.

He was born in Vardø. He competed his education in law in 1963, having worked part-time in Postverket. He was Norway's Governor of Svalbard from 1974 to 1977 and 1985 to 1991. Between the two spells he had been appointed as deputy under-secretary of state in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police. Except for his second spell in Svalbard, he was the permanent under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Justice from 1979 to 1993. From 1 January 1994 to his death in August 1994 he served as a Supreme Court Justice.

Posten Bring
Posten Bring, formerly Posten Norge (lit. 'The Mail, Norway'), is the name of the Norwegian postal service. The company, owned by the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications, had a monopoly until 2016 on the distribution of letters weighing less than 50 grams (1.8 oz) throughout the country. There are 6 post offices in Norway, in addition to approximately 1400 sales outlets.
Tanacross Airport
Tanacross Airport (IATA: TSG, FAA LID: TSG) is a public use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) south of the central business district of Tanacross, in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is owned by the Bureau of Land Management.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 80 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 32 enplanements in 2009, and 97 in 2010.

This general aviation airport is located 166 miles (267 km) southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska.

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area is a census area located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,808, down from 7,029 in 2010. It is part of the unorganized borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest communities are Deltana and Tok, both unincorporated CDPs.
Marcus Brown (cornerback, born 1987)
Marcus Brown (born January 27, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2010. He played college football for the Arkansas State Red Wolves.

Brown was also a member of the Miami Dolphins.

Arkansas State Red Wolves football
The Arkansas State Red Wolves football team represents Arkansas State University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football competition. The team was founded in 1911 and has competed as a member of the Sun Belt Conference since 2001. Their home field is Centennial Bank Stadium and the head coach is Butch Jones.

The Red Wolves have claimed 12 conference championships. Arkansas State's most recent conference championship came in 2016. The team claims one national championship, which came in 1970 at the NCAA College Division level.

In 2008, the school changed its mascot from the Indians to the Red Wolves.
Rico Peter
Rico Peter (born 13 September 1983) is a Swiss bobsledder.

Peter competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Switzerland. He teamed with brakeman Juerg Egger in the Switzerland-2 sled in the two-man event, finishing tenth.

As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 6th, in 2013 four-man event.

Peter made his World Cup debut in December 2011. As of April 2014, his best finish is 5th, in 2013-14 at Konigssee.

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
Hamburg Wallring
The Wallring (German pronunciation: [ˈvalrɪŋ]) is a semi-circular urban ensemble encircling the inner city of Hamburg. It consists of a four-lane ring road with a total length of 3.3 kilometers (2.1 mi) and a continuous built-up street front on its inner side. The outer perimeter is – for the largest part – made up by a string of parks.

The Wallring follows the outline of Hamburg's old city wall, and was developed in the first half of the 19th century, when the defensive wall, the Wallanlagen, was razed. The wall that defined the city's edge from the 1620s until the 1840s  has had a strong impact on shaping the modern city.   The Wallring park consists of several differently named sections, which — based on their common historical development — are characterized by a certain unity, but also by a number of dissimilarities. It also offers the inner city's largest network of parks, and forms a sort of connection to Hamburg's green and open spaces along the Elbe and Alster rivers.

Glacis
A glacis (/ˈɡleɪ.sɪs/, French: [ɡlasi]) in military engineering is an artificial slope as part of a medieval castle or in early modern fortresses. They may be constructed of earth as a temporary structure or of stone in more permanent structure. More generally, a glacis is any slope, natural or artificial, which fulfils the above requirements. The etymology of this French word suggests a slope made dangerous with ice, hence the relationship with glacier.

A glacis plate is the sloped front-most section of the hull of a tank or other armoured fighting vehicle.
Adam Seroczyński
Adam Dariusz Seroczyński (Polish pronunciation: [ˈadam ˈdarjuʂ sɛrɔˈt͡ʂɨj̃skʲi]; born 13 March 1974) is a Polish sprint canoeist who competed from 1997 to 2008. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the K-4 1000 m event at Sydney in 2000. For his sport achievements, he received the Golden Cross of Merit in 2000.

Seroczyński also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-2 1000 m: 2007) and two bronzes (K-1 1000 m: 2002, K-2 1000 m: 2006).

He is now a member of the Posnania Poznań club. In September 2008, following the Beijing Olympics, Seroczyński tested positive for clenbuterol in a doping test. He was officially suspended for two years by the International Canoe Federation for his actions during the 2008 Summer Olympics and became the first canoeist to fail a doping test during the Summer Olympics.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Kimmo Kapanen
Kimmo Kapanen (born September 12, 1974) is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently working as the sporting director of Oulun Kärpät.

Kapanen played for several Finnish teams during his career including Ässät, HPK and KalPa. Kapanen also played in Sweden for Timrå IK and in Germany for Iserlohn Roosters.

Iserlohn Roosters
The Iserlohn Roosters are a professional ice hockey team based in Iserlohn, North Rhine-Westphalia. They are members of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) since 2000 and play their home games at the Balver-Zinn Arena which is also known as Eissporthalle am Seilersee. The team made the playoffs three times in its first 15 seasons in the DEL. The Roosters are widely regarded for their fans and having one of the best atmospheres at home games in Europe despite having an arena capacity for just 4,967 spectators. The club caused much controversy in 1987 when, under Heinz Weifenbach, a US$900,000 advertising deal was signed for former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's The Green Book.
2023 Women's IFA Shield
The 2023 Women's IFA Shield was the inaugural edition of the Women's IFA Shield, the premier women's football cup competition organized by the Indian Football Association in West Bengal. It had 6 teams participating in the edition including Indian Women's League team – East Bengal and other five Kanyashree Cup teams – Sreebhumi, Mohammedan Sporting, Chandney SC, WB Police and Nadia DSA. The inaugural edition was held at the Tehatta and Krishnanagar City of Nadia District in West Bengal. On 2 June 2023, East Bengal defeated Sreebhumi 5–0 in the final to lift the inaugural Women's IFA Shield title.

Indian Women's League
The Indian Women's League (abbreviated as the IWL) is the women's top tier professional football league in India, founded in 2016. Currently, a total of 8 teams from across the country participate in the league.

The competition was planned since 2014 and got established in 2016, with the first season starting from October 2016 in Cuttack, Odisha. The league was launched as India's first professional football league for women with the aim to increase the player pool for India national team. Since 2019–20, the clubs that become champions are granted an opportunity to play in the AFC Women's Club Championship, the top tier women's club football competition in Asia.

Until now five clubs have been crowned as champions: Eastern Sporting Union, Rising Students Club, Sethu, Gokulam Kerala and East Bengal. Out of them Gokulam Kerala has lifted the championship trophy thrice.
Jikijitsu
A jikijitsu (直日) is the directing monk in charge of every movement of the Buddhist monks coming to sit zazen in the zendō (meditation hall) in a Buddhist monastery of the Rinzai school of Zen. Their position is that of abbot, and they are generally regarded as strict disciplinarians. Their position is considered the most desirable in the meditation hall. The jikijitsu also ensures that the monks get to sleep and wake up on time according to a strict protocol.

Rinzai school
The Rinzai school (Japanese: 臨済宗, romanized: Rinzai-shū, simplified Chinese: 临济宗; traditional Chinese: 臨濟宗; pinyin: Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of Chan Buddhism was first transmitted to Japan by Myōan Eisai (1141–1215). Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the Ōtōkan lineage transmitted through Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769), who is a major figure in the revival of the Rinzai tradition.
Peanut butter and pickle sandwich
A peanut butter and pickle sandwich (PB&P) consists of bread, peanut butter, and pickles (bread-and-butter or kosher dills can both be used). The pickles in the peanut butter and pickle sandwich add a crunchy, and tangy feeling in the sandwich.  It dates to the Depression era and has attracted attention for its appeal to stereotypical pregnancy cravings. The New York Times called it "a thrifty and unacknowledged American classic."

Pickled cucumber
A pickled cucumber – commonly known as a pickle in the United States and Canada and a gherkin (/ˈɡɜːrkɪn/ GUR-kin) in Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand – is a usually small or miniature cucumber that has been pickled in a brine, vinegar, or other solution and left to ferment. The fermentation process is executed either by immersing the cucumbers in an acidic solution or through souring by lacto-fermentation. Pickled cucumbers are often part of mixed pickles.
What We Believe but Cannot Prove
What We Believe But Cannot Prove: Today's Leading Thinkers on Science in the Age of Certainty is a non-fiction book published by Harper Perennial and edited by literary agent John Brockman that includes an introduction by novelist Ian McEwan. The book consists of responses to a question posed by the Edge Foundation, with answers as short as one sentence and as long as a few pages. Among the 107 published contributors are scientists and philosophers such as Richard Dawkins, Daniel C. Dennett, Jared Diamond, Rebecca Goldstein, Steven Pinker, Sir Martin Rees, and Craig Venter; as well as convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Some contributions were not included in the print book, including those by Benoit Mandelbrot and computer scientist John McCarthy but are among 120 responses available online.

Jared Diamond
Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American scientist, historian, and author. He has written hundreds of scientific and popular articles and books, most notably Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997), which received multiple awards, including the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction. In 2005, Diamond was ranked ninth on a poll by Prospect and Foreign Policy of the world's top 100 public intellectuals.

Originally trained in biochemistry and physiology, Diamond has published in many fields, including anthropology, ecology, geography, and evolutionary biology. In 1985, he received a MacArthur Genius Grant and in 1999, the National Medal of Science, an honor bestowed by the President of the United States and the National Science Foundation. He was a professor of geography at UCLA until his retirement in 2024. Anthropologists have criticized his work as “shallow,” saying he overemphasizes geography and climate.
Van vilayet
The Vilayet of Van (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت وان, romanized: Vilâyet-i Van; Armenian: Վանի վիլայեթ, romanized: Vani vilayet) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had a population of about 400,000 and an area of 15,000 square miles (39,000 km2).Van Vilayet was one of the six Armenian vilayets and held, prior to the Armenian genocide during World War I, possessed a majority Armenian population, as well as Kurdish, Assyrian and Azeri minorities.

Azerbaijanis in Turkey
Azerbaijanis in Turkey are Turkish citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background. According to some estimates, there are currently around 800,000 Twelver Shias in Turkey, however this figure may differ substantially from the real one. There are up to 4,500,000 Azerbaijanis who reside in Turkey, according to information provided by the Diaspora Committee of Azerbaijan, although the factual accuracy, methodology, and criteria used for this figure are disputed.

The Karapapakh or 'Terekeme' people are often considered a sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis of Sunni Muslim background. They are thought to be the largest ethnic groups in the cities of Ardahan, Kars and Iğdır