hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rancho Buena Ventura
Rancho Buena Ventura  (also called "San Buena Ventura") was a  26,632-acre (107.78 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Shasta County, California, given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Major Pierson B. Reading (1816–1868).  The land grant is named for the former name of the adjacent Sacramento River, Buena Ventura, which meant good fortune in Spanish.  The grant extended some nineteen miles on the west side of the Sacramento River, from Cottonwood Creek on the south to Salt Creek on the north, and extended approximately three miles west of the Sacramento River the length of the grant.  The grant encompassed  present day towns of Anderson, Cottonwood and Redding.  This was the northernmost land grant in California; the smaller Rancho Breisgau faced the southernmost portion of the Rancho on the east bank of the river. Redding, however, was not named for Major Reading; it was named for B. B. Redding, a land agent for the Central Pacific Railroad.

Shasta County, California
Shasta County (/ˈʃæstə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 recorded in 2010. The county seat is Redding. The county is bordered by Modoc County, Lassen County, Siskiyou County, Plumas County, Tehama County and Trinity County.

Shasta County comprises the Redding, California metropolitan statistical area. The county occupies the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake, Lassen Peak, and the Sundial Bridge.
Olmo grapes
Olmo grapes are wine and table grape varieties produced by University of California, Davis viticulturist Dr. Harold Olmo. Over the course of his nearly 50-year career, Dr. Olmo bred a wide variety of both grapes by means of both crossing varieties from the same species or creating hybrid grapes from cultivars of different Vitis species.

Over 30 new grape varieties were created by Dr. Olmo and introduced to the California wine and table grape industries.

Aroma of wine
The aromas of wine are more diverse than its flavours. The human tongue is limited to the primary tastes perceived by taste receptors on the tongue – sourness, bitterness, saltiness, sweetness and savouriness. The wide array of fruit, earthy, leathery, floral, herbal, mineral, and woodsy flavour present in wine are derived from aroma notes sensed by the olfactory bulb. In wine tasting, wine is sometimes smelled before taking a sip in order to identify some components of the wine that may be present. Different terms are used to describe what is being smelled. The most basic term is aroma which generally refers to a "pleasant" smell as opposed to odour which refers to an unpleasant smell or possible wine fault. The term aroma may be further distinguished from bouquet which generally refers to the smells that arise from the chemical reactions of fermentation and aging of the wine.
Thai Rangers
Thai Rangers can mean either of the following:

Thahan Phran - (ทหารพราน; literally "hunter soldiers"; AKA Thai Rangers), a paramilitary border and internal security force,

Royal Thai Army Ranger - light infantry and special operations battalion

Royal Thai Army Ranger
The Ranger Battalion, 3rd Special Forces Regiment (Thai: กองพันจู่โจม กรมรบพิเศษที่ 3) (พัน.จจ.รพศ.3) also known as Royal Thai Army Ranger (Thai: กองพันจู่โจม) is a Light infantry and Special operations Battalion of the Royal Thai Army. It is a part of the 3rd Special Forces Regiment, King's Guard Royal Thai Army Special Warfare Command. The unit is composed of the Ranger Company and Special Operation Company.
Robin Gifford
Robin Philip Gifford (born 9 May 1974) is a Zimbabwean former cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler who played for Mashonaland Under-24s. He was born in Sinoia (now Chinhoyi).

Gifford made an appearance for Matabeleland Schools against Ireland during an Irish tour of Zimbabwe in 1991. He also made an appearance for Zimbabwe Under-19s against Durham, three months after the English county were granted first-class status.

Gifford made two further cricketing appearances, for Zimbabwe Schools, in a Youth Cricket Challenge competition in January 1993.

Gifford played twice in the UCB Bowl for a Zimbabwe Board XI and one appearance in the Logan Cup for Mashonaland Under-24s - making a top score of 44 before being run out.

Chinhoyi
Chinhoyi, previously known as Sinoia during the colonial era, is a city in central northern Zimbabwe  in the Makonde District. It has a population of 90,800 and is primarily a college town, although it was originally founded as an Italian group settlement scheme. The nearby Chinhoyi Caves and national park are a popular attraction.
Nadym Airport
Nadym Airport (IATA: NYM, ICAO: USMM) is an airport in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located 9 km (5.6 mi) southeast of Nadym. It handles large airliners (including Ilyushin Il-62 and Ilyushin Il-86 aircraft). 186,769 passengers traveled to and from this airport in 2018.

Ilyushin Il-86
The Ilyushin Il-86 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-86; NATO reporting name: Camber) is a retired short- to medium-range wide-body jet airliner that served as the USSR's first wide-bodied aircraft. Designed and tested by the Ilyushin design bureau in the 1970s, it was certified by the Soviet aircraft industry, manufactured and marketed by the USSR.

Developed during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev, the Il-86 was marked by the economic and technological stagnation of the era: it used engines more typical of the late 1960s, spent a decade in development, and failed to enter service in time for the Moscow Olympics, as was originally intended. The type was used by Aeroflot and successor post-Soviet airlines; only three of the total 106 constructed were exported.

At the beginning of 2012, only four Il-86s remained in service, all with the Russian Air Force. By the end of 2020 the number in active service was reduced to three.
Aquaplus
Aquaplus (株式会社アクアプラス, Kabushiki gaisha Akuapurasu), formerly U-Office (ユーオフィス, Yū Ofisu) and Aqua (アクア, Akua), is a Japanese company which specializes primarily in the publishing and distribution of visual novels, including both adult games under their brand Leaf and games for all ages under Aquaplus's own brand. Aquaplus has been involved with the production of anime based on Leaf's games. The company is also involved with music, franchised restaurants, and at one point was involved with automobiles.

Specialty store
A specialty store is a shop/store that carries a deep assortment of brands, styles, or models within a relatively narrow category of goods. Furniture stores, florists, sporting goods stores, and bookstores are all specialty stores. Stores such as Athlete’s Foot (sports shoes only) are considered superspecialty stores. A category killer is a specialty store with a high volume of sales and extensive product selection within its category.

Specialty stores compete with other types of retailers such as supermarkets, showrooms, jewelry, department, wine shop, big box, general, hardware and variety stores.
Harvey armor
Harvey armor was a type of steel naval armor developed in the early 1890s in which the front surfaces of the plates were case hardened. The method for doing this was known as the Harvey process, and was invented by the American engineer Hayward Augustus Harvey.

This type of armor was used in the construction of capital ships until superseded by Krupp armor in the late 1890s.

The Harvey United Steel Company was a steel cartel whose chairman was Albert Vickers. The year 1894 would see the ten main producers of armor plate, including Vickers, Armstrong, Krupp, Schneider, Carnegie, and Bethlehem Steel, form the Harvey Syndicate.

Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

In 1911, the company expanded into aircraft manufacture and opened a flying school. They expanded even further into electrical and railway manufacturing, and in 1928 acquired an interest in the Supermarine.

Beginning in the 1960s, various parts of the company were nationalised, and in 1999 the rest of the company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc, which sold the defence arm to Alvis plc. The Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.
Wainfleet St Mary
Wainfleet St Mary is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated directly south of Wainfleet All Saints on the A52 road, 5 miles (8 km) south-west from Skegness and 14 miles (23 km) north-east from Boston. The 2001 Census recorded a population of 1,106, reducing to 1,025 at the 2011 census.   It includes the hamlet of Wainfleet Bank.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Karen H. Johannesson
Karen H. Johannesson is an American geochemist and professor in the School for the Environment at the University of Massachusetts Boston and the Intercampus Marine Sciences Graduate Program of the University of Massachusetts System. She teaches geochemistry and has expertise in environmental geochemistry, biogeochemistry, trace element speciation, geochemical modeling, chemical hydrogeology, reaction path and reactive transport modeling.

University of Massachusetts
The University of Massachusetts (UMass) is the public university system of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The university system includes six campuses (Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth, Lowell, a medical school in Worcester and a law school in Dartmouth), a satellite campus in Springfield and 25 smaller campuses throughout California and Washington with the University of Massachusetts Global. The system enrolled 73,593 students in fall 2023.

The University of Massachusetts system is governed by a president and a 22-member board of trustees. The system administration is in Boston and Shrewsbury. Each of the institutions in the system is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.
Campion College
Campion College Australia is a Roman Catholic tertiary educational liberal arts college located at Austin Woodbury Place, Toongabbie in the western suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Named in honour of Saint Edmund Campion, Campion College offers undergraduate studies in the liberal arts and postgraduate studies in Religious Education. The college welcomed its first intake of students in February 2006.

Toongabbie
Toongabbie is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. One of the oldest suburbs in Sydney, Toongabbie is located approximately 30 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region. Toongabbie is split between the local government areas of the City of Parramatta, the City of Blacktown and Cumberland Council. The suburb is often locally referred to as "Toonie".
Minstrella
Minstrella (22 March 1984 – 2012) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She was one of the best two-year-old fillies of her generation in Europe in 1986 when she won four of her seven races. She recorded her first win in the Chesham Stakes before going on to record Group One victories in the Phoenix Stakes, Moyglare Stud Stakes and Cheveley Park Stakes. The last of these wins came after the controversial disqualification of Forest Flower. Minstrella failed to win in four attempts as a three-year-old and was retired from racing. She had considerable success as a broodmare in the United States. Minstrella died in 2012 at the age of twenty-eight.

Moyglare Stud Stakes
The Moyglare Stud Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late August or early September.
Urban informatics
Urban informatics refers to the study of people creating, applying and using information and communication technology and data in the context of cities and urban environments. It sits at the conjunction of urban science, geomatics, and informatics, with an ultimate goal of creating more smart and sustainable cities. Various definitions are available, some provided in the Definitions section.

Although first mentions of the term date back as early as 1987, urban informatics did not emerge as a notable field of research and practice until 2006 (see History section). Since then, the emergence and growing popularity of ubiquitous computing, open data and big data analytics, as well as smart cities, contributed to a surge in interest in urban informatics, not just from academics but also from industry and city governments seeking to explore and apply the possibilities and opportunities of urban informatics.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
AZM Rovers F.C.
AZM Rovers Football Club  (Malay: Kelab Bolasepak AZM Rovers) is a Malaysian football club based in Ketereh, Kelantan. The club currently plays in the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League, the second tier of the Malaysian football league system. AZM Rovers are recognized for their grassroots development programs and football culture in Kelantan.

Ketereh
Ketereh is a town and parliamentary constituency in Kelantan. It is located in the southern half of Kota Bharu District, roughly halfway between metropolitan Kota Bharu and Machang along Highway 8. The town was named after the local name for the cashew fruit, ketereh (gajus in standard Malay).
Vojdan Stojanovski
Vojdan Stojanovski (Macedonian: Војдан Стојановски; born December 9, 1987) is a Macedonian professional basketball player who currently plays for MZT Skopje of the Macedonian League. He is (1.95 m) in height and plays at the shooting guard position. He is the twin brother of Damjan Stojanovski and the younger brother of former basketball player Ognen Stojanovski.

KK Tikveš
Basketball Club Tikvesh (Macedonian: КК Тиквеш) is a professional basketball club based in Kavadarci, North Macedonia. They currently play in the Macedonian First League. KK Tikvesh  is the first ever Macedonian club to win an international trophy in basketball, they won the 2010-11 EUROHOLD Balkan League.
Broken Hills (Virginia)
The Broken Hills is a range of low-lying mountains and ridges in northern Fauquier County, Virginia.

The range begins just to the west of the southern Bull Run Mountains, north of Warrenton, Virginia and continues westward to the eastern edge of Blue Ridge Mountain. Interstate 66 and Virginia State Route 55 run just north of the range, while US-211 runs to the south.  The stretch of US-17 between Warrenton and Marshall traverses the range.

The Broken Hills form the southern border of the Loudoun Valley.

Interstate 66
Interstate 66 (I-66) is a 76.32 mile east–west interstate highway in the eastern United States. The highway runs from an interchange with I-81 near Middletown, Virginia, on its western end to an interchange with U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Washington, D.C., at the eastern terminus. The route parallels State Route 55 (SR 55) from its western terminus at I-81 to Gainesville, and US 29 from Gainesville to its eastern terminus in Washington. I-66 is unrelated to US 66, which was located in the Midwest-West region of the United States.

The E Street Expressway is a spur from I-66 into the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
Irqah Hospital
Irqah Hospital (Arabic: مستشفى عرقة), also at times Ergah Hospital is a now-defunct and abandoned health care facility in the Irqah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Built in 1987, it initially housed number of Kuwaiti families fleeing the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 besides treating combatants during the Gulf War. It was reopened in 1993 for the general public following the end of the war, functioning for nearly 8 years prior to ceasing operations around 2001. It is considered to be one of the most haunted sites in Riyadh where several incidents of unusual paranormal activities have been reported by residents living in its vicinity.

Irqah
24°41′13″N 46°34′55″E﻿ / ﻿24.687°N 46.582°E﻿ / 24.687; 46.582

Irqah (Arabic: عرقة), also romanized as Ergah, is a town in the northwestern fringes of Riyadh in Riyadh Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Nowadays Irqah is considered to be a neighbourhood in Riyadh, and is part of the sub-municipality of its namesake, Baladiyah al-Irqah.
Schipperskwartier
Schipperskwartier (Seamen's quarter) is a historic neighbourhood in the city of Antwerp, Belgium, known primarily as the city's red-light district. The district is located close to the old port and north of the historic centre of Antwerp. Associated with prostitution for centuries, it has been the focus of urban renewal in the twenty-first century.

Red-light district
A red-light district or pleasure district is a part of an urban area where a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, and adult theaters, are found. In most cases, red-light districts are particularly associated with female street prostitution, though in some cities, these areas may coincide with spaces of male prostitution and gay venues. Areas in many big cities around the world have acquired an international reputation as red-light districts.
Duomatic principle
The Duomatic principle is a principle of English company law relating to the informal approval of actions by a company's shareholders (and, potentially, directors).  The principle is named after one of the earlier judicial decisions in which it was recognised: Re Duomatic Ltd [1969] 2 Ch 365, although in that case Buckley J was approving an older statement of the law from the decisions in In re Express Engineering [1920] 1 Ch 466 and Parker and Cooper Ltd v Reading [1926] Ch 975.  It origins lie in the obiter dictum comments of Lord Davey in Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd where he stated that 'the company is bound in a matter intra vires by the unanimous agreement of its members'.

The principle will apply even if the articles of association specifies a particular procedure in relation to the subject matter of the decision.

It has been noted that although the principle is normally referred to as the Duomatic principle, the actual rule predates that case by several decades.

Horace Davey, Baron Davey
Horace Davey, Baron Davey, PC, FRS, FBA (30 August 1833 – 20 February 1907) was an English lawyer, Liberal politician, and judge.

Graduating with a double first class degree in classics and mathematics from Oxford, he read law and was called to the bar. He specialised in chancery cases and acquired a strong reputation. Appointed Queen’s Counsel, he entered politics and was elected to the House of Commons in 1880, but was defeated in the 1885 general election. He was re-elected in a by-election in 1886, but defeated in the 1892 general election.  He served as Solicitor General for England in Gladstone's short third ministry in 1886.

Davey was appointed to the English Court of Appeal in 1893, and then appointed to the House of Lords with a life peerage in 1894.  He died in 1907, survived by his wife, four daughters and two sons.
Clemensstraße
Clemensstraße is a 1.76-kilometer-long street in Munich's Schwabing district. The street, named after Clemens August of Bavaria (1700–1761), labeled under the term Green Axis Schwabing is a participative model project for all Munich municipalities and Munich's longest bicycle road.

Schwabing
Schwabing (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaːbɪŋ] ⓘ) is a borough in the northern part of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It is part of the city borough 4 (Schwabing-West) and the city borough 12 (Schwabing-Freimann). The population of Schwabing is estimated at 100,000, making it one of the largest districts of Munich. The main boulevard is Leopoldstraße. (For further information on the Munich boroughs, see Boroughs of Munich.)
Interposition trunk
In telecommunications, the term interposition trunk has the following meanings:

1.  A single direct communication channel, e.g., voice-frequency circuit, between two positions of a large switchboard to facilitate the interconnection of other circuits appearing at the respective switchboard positions.

2.  Within a technical control facility, a single direct transmission circuit, between positions in a testboard or patch bay, which circuit facilitates testing or patching between the respective positions.

This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. (in support of MIL-STD-188).

Patch panel
A patch panel is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the use of connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner. Patch panels are commonly used in computer networking, recording studios, and radio and television.

The term patch came from early use in telephony and radio studios, where extra equipment kept on standby could be temporarily substituted for failed devices. This reconnection was done via patch cords and patch panels, like the jack fields of cord-type telephone switchboards.
Casarile
Casarile (Lombard: Casaril [kazaˈriːl]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,637 and an area of 7.3 square kilometres (2.8 sq mi).

Casarile borders the following municipalities: Lacchiarella, Vernate, Binasco, Rognano, Giussago.

Province of Milan
The province of Milan (Italian: provincia di Milano) was a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Milan. The area of the former province is highly urbanized, with more than 2,000 inhabitants/km2, the third-highest population density among Italian provinces, just below the densities of the provinces of Naples and of Monza e Brianza, the latter of which was created in 2004 from the north-eastern part of the province of Milan. On 1 January 2015 the province was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Milan.