hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N. R. Ghosh
Nalini Ranjan Ghosh (Bengali: নলিনী রঞ্জন ঘোষ) was an Indian politician.  In the 1958 by-election, he was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Cooch Behar constituency. In 1962, he was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Jalpaiguri constituency.  Ghosh was a member of the Indian National Congress party.

Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency
Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India. The constituency centres on Jalpaiguri in West Bengal. While six assembly segments of No. 3 Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency are in Jalpaiguri district, one assembly segment is in Cooch Behar district.  The constituency has reserved for Scheduled castes (SC) since 2009.
Babel function
In signal processing and mathematics, the Babel function, also known as cumulative coherence function (CCF), measures the maximum combined similarity between one fixed building block (called an atom) and a group of other building blocks within a collection (called a dictionary).

Introduced by Joel Tropp as an extension of mutual coherence—which compares similarity between pairs of dictionary columns—the Babel function broadens this idea to assess how one column relates to multiple others at once, making it a key tool for analyzing sparse representations of signals. It applies to scenarios where signals can be efficiently described using a redundant dictionary matrix, a set of overlapping components used in areas like audio processing and data compression.

Sparse approximation
Sparse approximation (also known as sparse representation) theory deals with sparse solutions for systems of linear equations. Techniques for finding these solutions and exploiting them in applications have found wide use in image processing, signal processing, machine learning, medical imaging, and more.
Daegaya-eup
Daegaya is a town, or eup in Goryeong County, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The township Goryeong-myeon was upgraded to the town Goryeong-eup in 1979, and it was renamed Daegaya-eup in 2015. Goryeong County Office is located in Jisan-ri, and Daegaya Town Office is in Kwaebin-ri which is crowded with people.

North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.
Mary Esther Were
Mary Esther Were is a Kenyan model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Kenya 2016. She represented her country at Miss Universe 2016 in Manila, Philippines and placed Top 6, making it the highest placement of Kenya in the history of the pageant.

Miss Universe 2016
Miss Universe 2016 was the 65th Miss Universe pageant, held at the SM Mall of Asia Arena, in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines, on January 30, 2017. This was the second time that the pageant skipped a year, after Miss Universe 2014 was held in January 2015.

The winner, Iris Mittenaere of France was crowned by Pia Wurtzbach of the Philippines. It was France's first win in sixty-three years, and its second overall win.

Contestants from eighty-six countries and territories competed in the pageant. Steve Harvey was the host, and  plus-sized model Ashley Graham was the backstage host. American entertainers Flo Rida and Boyz II Men were the acts.
Flagstaff Lake (Oregon)
Flagstaff Lake is one of a group of interconnected, alkaline, high-desert lakes known as the Warner Lakes in the Warner Valley of Lake County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Flagstaff Lake lies between Upper Campbell Lake to the north and Swamp Lake to the south, about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Lakeview. It has a surface area of about 3,635 acres (1,471 ha) and a shoreline of about 13 miles (21 km).

The Warner Lakes vary in depth and volume depending on the weather and have completely dried up at times. Fish populations also vary. During a drought from 1988 to 1992, when all of the lakes went dry, some fish survived by retreating into a 20-mile (32 km) slough connected to the lakes. Historically, fish species in the lakes have included crappie, brown bullhead, largemouth bass, and redband trout.

Lake County, Oregon
Lake County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,160. Its county seat is Lakeview. The county is named after the many lakes found within its boundaries, including Lake Abert, Summer Lake, Hart Lake, and Goose Lake.

Lake County is in the high desert region known as the Oregon Outback, on the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The county is generally divided between the communities around Lakeview and Paisley to the south and the communities around Christmas Valley, Fort Rock, and Silver Lake to the north.

Its economy consists largely of agriculture and natural resource management and extraction. It is home to many large cattle ranches, hay farms, and timber holdings (both public and private), as well as several frontier towns and early 20th-century homesteads. Although lumber was once a primary economic driver in Lake County, today only one mill remains, at Lakeview.
Anti-Phishing Working Group
The Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) is an international consortium focused on providing guidance and collecting data to reduce the risks of fraud and identity theft caused by phishing and related incidents. It was founded in 2003 by a US-based company, Tumbleweed Communications in collaboration with banks, financial institutions, and e-commerce service providers.

Some APWG members are undisclosed, but as of December 2024, public members of the steering committee include Microsoft, RSA Security, Verisign, PayPal, Adobe, ICANN, Docusign, LinkedIn, Corporation Service Company, and Fortra. Research partners include the Institution of Electrical Engineers, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, CERT Polska, and other CERT organizations from various countries, including the Czech Republic, Azerbaijan, and Japan.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Bombardment of Brussels
During the Nine Years' War, the French Royal Army carried out a bombardment of Brussels from August 13–15, 1695. Led by King Louis XIV and the Duke of Villeroi, French forces bombarded the city in an attempt to divert Grand Alliance troops from reinforcing the concurrent siege of Namur. The bombardment ultimately proved to be the most destructive event in the history of Brussels, destroying a third of the buildings in the city, including the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square).

After the bombardment, reconstruction efforts over the following years profoundly changed the appearance of the city and left numerous traces still visible today. The French attempt to divert the Grand Alliance was ultimately unsuccessful, though Louis XIV's reputation suffered for his involvement in the destruction of the city.

French Royal Army
The French Royal Army (French: Armée Royale Française) was the principal land force of the Kingdom of France. It served the Bourbon dynasty from the reign of Louis XIV in the mid-17th century to that of Charles X in the 19th, with an interlude from 1792 to 1814 and another during the Hundred Days in 1815. It was permanently dissolved following the July Revolution in 1830. The French Royal Army became a model for the new regimental system that was to be imitated throughout Europe from the mid-17th century onward. It was regarded as Europe's greatest military force for much of its existence.
Kākāriki
The three species of kākāriki (also spelled kaakaariki, without macrons), or New Zealand parakeets, are the most common species of parakeets in the genus Cyanoramphus, family Psittaculidae. The most commonly used name kākāriki is Māori in origin meaning "small parrot" (from kākā ‘parrot’ and riki ‘small’); it has also been used to refer to the colour green because of the birds' predominantly green plumage. The patches of red on the birds' rumps are, according to legend, the blood of the demigod Tāwhaki.

The three species on mainland New Zealand are the yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps), the red-crowned parakeet, or red-fronted parakeet (C. novaezelandiae), and the critically endangered Malherbe's parakeet or orange-fronted parakeet (C. malherbi – not to be confused with Eupsittula canicularis, a popular aviary bird known as the orange-fronted conure, orange-fronted parakeet, or half-moon conure).

Psittaculidae
Psittaculidae is a family of parrots, commonly known as Old World parrots, though this term is a misnomer, as not all its members occur in the Old World, and the Psittacinae also occurs in the Old World. It consists of six subfamilies: Psittrichasinae, Agapornithinae, Loriinae, Platycercinae, Psittacellinae and Psittaculinae.
Narach (river)
The Narach (Belarusian: Нарач, Narač [ˈnaratʂ]; Russian: Нарочь, Naroch'; Lithuanian: Narutis) is a river in northwestern Belarus (Miadzieł raion, Minsk Province). It is a right-bank tributary of the Neris (Viliya) into which it flows near Maladziečna.

Maladzyechna
Maladzyechna, or Molodechno, is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Maladzyechna District (and formerly of Molodechno Region from 1944 to 1960). Maladzyechna is located 72 kilometres (45 mi) northwest of Minsk. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 98,514 inhabitants. As of 2025, it has a population of 88,290.

Located on the Usha River, it has been a settlement since 1388 when it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was also home to the Cold War facility Maladzyechna air base.
Hans Spialek
Hans Spialek (April 17, 1894 – November 20, 1983) was an Austrian-born American composer and orchestrator.  Raised in Vienna and given an early musical education, he continued his studies in Moscow, at first as a prisoner of war during World War I, before settling in the US in 1924.

Spialek is best known for scoring the music for Broadway musicals by Cole Porter, Rodgers and Hart and others, as well as ballet music, and radio broadcasts.  He orchestrated 147 musicals from 1926 to 1967, many in collaboration with other arrangers such as Robert Russell Bennett. In his retirement in the 1980s, he helped reconstruct the original orchestrations for recordings of some of his 1930s Broadway shows.

Rodgers and Hart
Rodgers and Hart were an American songwriting partnership between composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and the lyricist Lorenz Hart (1895–1943). They worked together on 28 stage musicals and more than 500 songs from 1919 until Hart's death in 1943.  Many of their songs are classics of the Great American Songbook.
Utrecht Overvecht railway station
Utrecht Overvecht is a railway station located in Overvecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. The station opened in 1968 and is on the Utrecht–Kampen railway. The station has had 3 platforms since 1992.  It also has a kids' slide from the outside street for use by busy passengers.

Utrecht–Kampen railway
The Utrecht–Kampen railway (also known as Centraalspoorweg) is an important railway line in the Netherlands running from Utrecht to Kampen, passing through Bilthoven, Amersfoort, Nijkerk, Ermelo, Harderwijk, Nunspeet, Wezep and Zwolle. The line was opened between 1863 and 1865 by the Nederlandsche Centraal-Spoorweg-Maatschappij. Its northern part (Zwolle–Kampen) is known as the Kamperlijntje, currently operated by Keolis Nederland.
Phytomyza affinis
Phytomyza affinis is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae. It is found in the Palearctic. Description of imago-Antennomere  III brown black, 1-11 red. Mesonotum matt black lateral parts and notopleural depression yellow. Acrosticals in 2-4 rows. Coxae 1 yellow basally, II-III blackish. Femora yellow (black basally). Base of femora, tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen brown black. Tergites with a yellow apical line dilated at the sides. Long. : 2,5–3 mm.  The larva mines Cirsium arvense and also feeds on seeds of Euphrasia.

Cirsium arvense
Cirsium arvense is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, northern Africa and widely introduced elsewhere. The standard English name in its native area is creeping thistle. It is also commonly misnomered as Canada thistle and sometimes as field thistle.
Punj Lloyd
Punj Lloyd Limited was an Indian Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) company providing services for energy, infrastructure and defense sectors. The company's operations are spread across the Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific, South Asia and Europe. The group includes over 50 subsidiaries and has executed many projects in more than 60 countries. The company is headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana and its stocks were listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE), until it went into liquidation

National Stock Exchange of India
National Stock Exchange of India Limited, also known as the National Stock Exchange (NSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai.  It is the 5th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalization, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.

NSE is under the ownership of various financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. As of 2024, it is the world's largest derivatives exchange by number of contracts traded and the third largest in cash equities by number of trades for the calendar year 2023.
Communauté d'agglomération du Caudrésis et du Catésis
Communauté d'agglomération du Caudrésis et du Catésis is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the towns of Caudry and Le Cateau-Cambrésis. It is located in the Nord department, in the Hauts-de-France region, northern France. Created in 2011, its seat is in Beauvois-en-Cambrésis. Its area is 372.7 km2. Its population was 64,124 in 2019, of which 14,121 in Caudry.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Ulania Union
Ulania (Bengali: উলানিয়া) is a union parishad of Mehendiganj Upazila in Barisal District, Barisal Division, Bangladesh.

In Ulania town, there are the ancient ruins of the palaces, mosques of a local Lord (called Jamidar in Bengali). 'The Dark House' (called Ondho Kutir in Bengali) which is believed to be the house where Jamidars' brought rebels who were against them and let them starve until their death. Strong figures such as Asad Chowdhury (a prominent poet), Abdul Gaffar Choudhury (writer of Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano), Wahed Reza Chowdhury (one of the leader of Khilafat Movement) and many more creative faces were born in this locality.

Barisal Division
Barisal Division (Bengali: বরিশাল বিভাগ, romanized: Borishal Bibhag; Bengali pronunciation: [boriʃal bibʱag]) is one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Located in the south-central part of the country, it has an area of 13,225 km2 (5,106 sq mi), and a population of 9,325,820 at the 2022 census. It is the least populous division in Bangladesh. It is bounded by Dhaka Division on the north, the Bay of Bengal on the south, Chittagong Division on the east and Khulna Division on the west. The administrative capital, Barisal city, lies in the Padma River delta on an offshoot of the Arial Khan River. Barisal division is criss-crossed by numerous rivers that earned it the nickname Dhan-Nodi-Khal, Ei tin-e Borishal (rice, river and canal built Barisal).
Buddhism in Uruguay
Buddhism in Uruguay is practiced by less than 0.1% of the population (some 1000 people). There are several schools: Tibetan Buddhism (Diamond Way and Chagdud Gonpa), Theravada, Sōtō Zen, Nichiren Buddhism (Soka Gakkai).

A number of institutions were established in the 20th century: Asociación Civil Religiosa Cultura Dhamma, Centro Budista Camino del Diamante, Chagdad Gonpa Hispanoamérica.

One of the most revealing sites is Chagdud Gonpa Sengue Dzong Tibetan Buddhist temple located on the hills of Lavalleja Department.

Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche
Chagdud Tulku (Tibetan: ལྕགས་མདུད་, Wylie: lcags mdud, 1930–2002) was a Tibetan teacher of the Nyingma school of Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism. He was known and respected in the West for his teachings, his melodic chanting voice, his artistry as a sculptor and painter, and his skill as a physician. He acted as a spiritual guide for thousands of students worldwide. He was the sixteenth tülku of the Chagdud line.

Chagdud Gonpa centers practice Tibetan Buddhism, primarily in the Nyingma tradition of Padmasambhava.
Pen y Gaer
Pen y Gaer (or Pen-y-gaer) is the location of a Bronze Age and Iron Age hillfort near the village of Llanbedr-y-Cennin in the Conwy valley, Wales.

A natural defensive site, it had a long history of occupation, indicated by the complexity of the defences, which were amended over time.  There are two Bronze Age cairns on the north-west slope, and extensive prehistoric and later field systems are nearby.  The remains as seen today are mostly of Iron Age origin, but further earthworks, probably of medieval origin, lie on the south-eastern slopes.

The remains of the two walls of stone can be seen, as can those of a chevaux-de-frise.  The entrance is to the west, and access can be gained from a car park, reached by the road from the village.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
Fen Prefecture
Fenzhou or Fen Prefecture (汾州) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Fenyang, Shanxi, China. It existed (intermittently) from 488 to 1912. During the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty it was known as Fenzhou Prefecture (汾州府; Fenzhou Fu).

Fenyang
Fenyang (simplified Chinese: 汾阳市; traditional Chinese: 汾陽市; pinyin: Fényáng Shì), formerly as Fenyang County (汾阳县) before 1996, is a county-level city under the administration of Lüliang prefecture-level city, in Shanxi Province, China.

Fenyang is located in the wide valley of the Fen River, some 20-plus kilometers west of the actual river.

Fenyang was the birthplace of Jia Zhangke, who filmed 1997 Xiao Wu there. Platform is set from the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1990s in and around Fenyang. Subsequently, Mountains May Depart features scenes set in Fenyang in 1999 and 2014. Fengyang is also the birthplace of Guo Qinglan (郭庆兰; Guō Qìnglán), the widow of Dwarkanath Kotnis.

Fenyang has a strong reputation within Shanxi for the production of Fenjiu (汾酒; fénjiǔ), a type of Baijiu known for its superior flavor.
Elections in Haiti
The Constitution of Haiti provides for the election of the President, Parliament, and members of local governing bodies. The 2015–16 Haitian parliamentary election were held but faced accusations of irregularity. The 2016 indirect presidential election was held following annulment of the 2015 election. Jovenel Moïse was elected in a re-run of the election, but was assassinated in 2021. The Transitional Presidential Council has exercised the powers of the presidency since the resignation of Ariel Henry, who as prime minister had exercised executive duties following Moïse's death. The TPC's mandate is set to conclude on 7 February 2026.

President of Haiti
The president of Haiti (Haitian Creole: Prezidan peyi Ayiti, French: Président d'Haïti), officially called the president of the Republic of Haiti (French: Président de la République d'Haïti, Haitian Creole: Prezidan Repiblik Ayiti, pronounced [pɣezidã ɣepiblik ajiti]), is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government, which is headed by the prime minister of Haiti.[A133]

Due to an ongoing political crisis in Haiti, the Transitional Presidential Council began exercising the powers of the presidency on 25 April 2024. However, it dissolved as scheduled after no presidential election was held. Its act expired on 7 February 2026.
Alex Klokus
Alex Klokus is an American entrepreneur and executive producer. He is the co-founder of the technology news website Futurism, and co-founded Gravity Blanket. In 2017, Klokus was inducted into the Forbes 30 Under 30 in its media category alongside his Futurism co-founder Jordan Lejuwaan. Klokus is currently a founder and managing partner of the SALT fund. Klokus is a moderator at the SALT iConnections conference and World Government Summit.

Technology journalism
Technology journalism is the genre of reporting that concerns the development, marketing, and application of technology. The field covers a wide variety of topics, including communications, artificial intelligence, the Internet, social media, the IT industry, scientific research, robotics, and laws and policies regarding the digital world. Many news organizations feature prominent coverage of technology, especially as pertains to the economic, political, and cultural role of Big Tech companies and products.