hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle casualties of World War II
The article summarizes casualties in different theatres of World War II in Europe and North Africa. Only the military losses and civilian losses directly associated with hostilities are included into the article. The actions of the Axis' and Allied military or civilian authorities that fit the definition of genocide, or war crimes (including Nazi war crimes, Soviet war crimes, Allied war crimes, Holocaust, Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs et caetera) are left beyond the scope of the present article.

German war crimes
The governments of the German Empire and Nazi Germany (under Adolf Hitler) ordered, organized, and condoned a substantial number of war crimes, first in the Herero and Nama genocide and then in the First and Second World Wars. The most notable of these is the Holocaust, in which millions of European Jews were systematically abused, deported, and murdered, along with Romani in the Romani Holocaust and non-Jewish Poles. Millions of civilians and prisoners of war also died as a result of German abuses, mistreatment, and deliberate starvation policies in those two conflicts. Much of the evidence was deliberately destroyed by the perpetrators, such as in Sonderaktion 1005, in an attempt to conceal their crimes.
2012 Supersport World Championship
The 2012 Supersport World Championship was the fourteenth season of the Supersport World Championship—the sixteenth taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. It began on 26 February at Phillip Island and ended on 7 October in Magny-Cours after 13 rounds.

Kenan Sofuoğlu won his third championship after having returned from Moto2.

Supersport World Championship
The Supersport World Championship, abbreviated to WorldSSP, is a motorcycle racing competition on hard-surfaced circuits, based on mid-sized sports motorcycles. Competition machines were originally based on production-based motorcycles with 600 cc to 955 cc engines, depending on the number of cylinders. After trials in UK national series British Supersport, from 2022 the regulations have changed to allow eligibility of larger-displacement engines, to reflect the engine sizes being produced and encourage different manufacturers.

The championship runs as a support class to the Superbike World Championship, which is similarly based on large production-based sports motorcycles. The championship, organized and promoted as its parent series by FGSport—renamed Infront Motor Sports in 2008—until 2012 and by Dorna from the 2013 season onwards, is sanctioned by the FIM.
Mihir Bhatt
Mihir R Bhatt is an Indian architect, researcher and urban planner based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. He is the director of the All India Disaster Mitigation Institute (AIDMI), a local organization dedicated to mitigating the impact of disaster risks in India. Mihir Bhatt is actively involved in cutting edge initiatives and projects aimed at reducing risks and enhancing disaster preparedness and has extensive publications on topics related to vulnerability and disaster.

All India Disaster Mitigation Institute
The All India Disaster Mitigation Institute (AIDMI) is a NGO registered in India. Located at Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, it works on disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and disaster mitigation. It is a community-based; action planning, action research and advocacy organization, working towards bridging the gap between policy, practice and research related to disaster mitigation. AIDMI have been working on six pillars: (i) Awareness generation, (ii) Capacity building, (iii) Policy advocacy, (iv) Direct implementation, (v) Research and publications, and (vi) Networking.
Remo North
Remo NorthListenⓘ is a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Isara at 7°00′N 3°41′E﻿ / ﻿7.000°N 3.683°E﻿ / 7.000; 3.683.

It has an area of 199 km2 and a population of 59,911 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 121.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Paisiy (village)
Paisiy (Bulgarian: Паисий [pɐˈisij]) is a village in Northern Bulgaria, in Gorna Oryahovitsa Municipality, in the province of Veliko Tarnovo. According to the 2020 census, the village has a population of 118 people.

Gorna Oryahovitsa Municipality
Gorna Oryahovitsa Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Горна Оряховица) is a municipality (obshtina) in Veliko Tarnovo Province, central-north Bulgaria. It covers an area of 318 km2 (123 sq mi) with a total population of 48,695 people (as of 2009-12-31). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Gorna Oryahovitsa, which is situated at the foot of Arbanashka Mountain, along the Yantra River.
Oblique shock
An oblique shock wave is a shock wave that, unlike a normal shock, is inclined with respect to the direction of incoming air. It occurs when a supersonic flow encounters a corner that effectively turns the flow into itself and compresses.  The upstream streamlines are uniformly deflected after the shock wave.  The most common way to produce an oblique shock wave is to place a wedge into supersonic, compressible flow.  Similar to a normal shock wave, the oblique shock wave consists of a very thin region across which nearly discontinuous changes in the thermodynamic properties of a gas occur.  While the upstream and downstream flow directions are unchanged across a normal shock, they are different for flow across an oblique shock wave.

It is always possible to convert an oblique shock into a normal shock by a Galilean transformation.

Classification of discontinuities
While continuous functions are important in mathematics, not all functions are continuous. If a function is not continuous at a limit point (also called an "accumulation point" or "cluster point") of its domain, it has a discontinuity there. The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense set, or even the entire domain of the function.
Troglodiplura beirutpakbarai
Troglodiplura beirutpakbarai is a species of troglomorphic spider in the family Anamidae, found in South Australia.

It was first described in 2020 by Mark Harvey and Michael Rix. The species epithet honours Beirut Pakbara (involved in Tham Luang cave rescue of 2018 and died as a consequence).

Troglomorphism
Troglomorphism is the morphological adaptation of an animal to living in the constant darkness of caves, characterised by features such as loss of pigment, reduced eyesight or blindness, and frequently with attenuated bodies or appendages. The terms troglobitic, stygobitic, stygofauna, troglofauna, and hypogean or hypogeic, are often used for cave-dwelling organisms.

Troglomorphism occurs in molluscs, velvet worms, arthropods, fish, amphibians (notably cave salamanders) and reptiles. To date, no mammals or birds have been found to live exclusively in caves. Pickerel frogs are classed as either trogloxenes, or possibly troglophiles. The first Troglobiont to be described was Leptodirus hochenwartii.
Henry Palaszczuk
Heinrich Palaszczuk (/ˈpæləʃeɪ/, Polish: [pa'waʂt͡ʂuk]; born 12 January 1947) is a former Labor member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, and minister of the Beattie Government of Queensland. He was elected as the member for Archerfield in 1984, and held that seat until his election as the member for Inala in 1992. Palaszczuk retired from politics in 2006, and was succeeded in his seat of Inala by his daughter Annastacia Palaszczuk, who was the Premier of Queensland from 2015 until her resignation in December 2023.

Premier of Queensland
The premier of Queensland is the head of government in the Australian state of Queensland.

By convention, the premier is the leader of the party with a parliamentary majority in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland. The premier is appointed by the governor of Queensland.

The incumbent premier is David Crisafulli.
Georg Kippels
Georg Kippels (born 21 September 1959) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2013.

In addition to his work in parliament, Kippels has been serving as a Parliamentary State Secretary at the German Ministry of Health in the government of Chancellor Friedrich Merz since 2025.

Federal Ministry of Health (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Health (German: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm fyːɐ̯ ɡəˈzʊnthaɪt]; abbreviated BMG) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is the highest German federal government department responsible for health. The ministry is officially located in Bonn and with a second office, which houses the ministry's management, located in Berlin.
Cambridge-Narrows
Cambridge-Narrows is a former village in Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the village of Arcadia.

The village straddled Washedemoak Lake, a widening of the Canaan River, several kilometres upstream of the Saint John River.  Cambridge-Narrows has 3 main arteries, Route 695, Route 715, and Route 710

Canaan River
The Canaan River is a river in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. The river is a tributary of the Saint John River, and is itself fed by 17 tributaries. Its watershed has an area of 2,167 km2 (837 sq mi).
Al Qabil, Al Buraimi
Al-Qābil (Arabic: ٱلْقَابِل) is a village in Al Buraimi Governorate (formerly Ad Dhahirah Region), in northwestern Oman. A small agricultural village, Al Qabil lies on Highway 21 across the border from Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates. The village lies south of Mazyad and Al-Zahir, and west of Hisn Mazyad. Described as a "prosperous market village", Al-Qabil lies at a curve in the road before "descending into the Sa'dah basin from the west". The village is said to contain populations of Al Bu-Shamis group of the Na'im who moved into the village from across the border with the Emirates. Wadi Sarin is said to flow nearby.

Al Ain
Al Ain (Arabic: ٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Al-ʿAyn, lit. 'The Spring') is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al Ain is the largest inland city in the Emirates, the fourth-largest city (after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah), and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The freeways connecting Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country, each city being roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the others.
Darwin's 97 Seven
Darwin's 97 Seven is an Australian radio station that aims to broadcast the Christian message of salvation to the Greater Darwin and Palmerston region as well as the rural areas extending past Humpty Doo. Along with broadcasting a wide variety of Christian music and secular music, 97 Seven carries content from other Christian radio stations and ministries, including Focus on the Family, Adventures in Odyssey and Enjoying Everyday Life.

It was previously known as 97.7 Rhema FM.

Adventures in Odyssey
Adventures in Odyssey (AIO), or simply Odyssey, is an evangelical Christian radio drama and comedy series created and produced by Focus on the Family. Primarily aimed at families with children aged 8–12, the series first aired in 1987 as a 13-episode pilot called Family Portraits and has recorded more than 1,050 episodes to date. In 2005, the show's daily audience averaged around 1.2 million within North America. The Odyssey radio series also includes several spin-off items, including a home-video series, several computer games, books, and devotionals. The series is set in the fictional town of Odyssey. Stories center around the people who live there, particularly ice-cream and discovery emporium owner John bill Whittaker, who was originally voiced by Hal Smith.
Richard Milton Martin
Richard Milton Martin (12 January 1916, Cleveland, Ohio – 22 November 1985, Milton, Massachusetts) was an American logician and analytic philosopher.

In his Ph.D. thesis written under Frederic Fitch, Martin discovered virtual sets a bit before Quine, and was possibly the first non-Pole other than Joseph Henry Woodger to employ a mereological system. Building on these and other devices, Martin forged a first-order theory capable of expressing its own syntax as well as some semantics and pragmatics (via an event logic), all while abstaining from set and model theory (consistent with his nominalist principles), and from intensional notions such as modality.

Intension
In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language—an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol. In the case of a word, the word's definition often implies an intension. For instance, the intensions of the word plant include properties such as "being composed of cellulose (not always true)", "alive", and "organism", among others. A comprehension is the collection of all such intensions.
Naso (surname)
Naso is a Sicilian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Naso (born 1937), American college football coach

Gianluca Naso (born 1987), Italian tennis player

Joseph Naso (born 1934), American serial killer

Lucius Antonius Naso, Roman tribune from the 1st century AD

Marcus Actorius Naso, Roman writer from the 1st century BC

Ovid (43 BC – AD 17), also known as Publius Ovidius Naso

Marcus Actorius Naso
Marcus Actorius Naso (fl. 1st century BCE) seems to have written a life of Julius Caesar, or a history of his times, which is quoted by Suetonius.

Although we have very little evidence to go on, it seems probable he was anti-Caesar in tone.

The time at which he lived is uncertain, but from the way in which he is referred to by Suetonius, he would almost seem to have been a contemporary of Caesar.
Love Meetings
Love Meetings (Italian: Comizi d'amore) is a 1964 feature-length documentary, which was shot by Italian writer and director Pier Paolo Pasolini, who also acts as the interviewer, appearing in many of the film's scenes. It was premiered in Locarno Film Festival on 26 July 1964. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

A hundred Italian films to be saved
The list of A hundred Italian films to be saved (Italian: Cento film italiani da salvare) was created with the aim to report "100 films that have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978". Film preservation, or film restoration, describes a series of ongoing efforts among film historians, archivists, museums, cinematheques, and nonprofit organization to rescue decaying film stock and preserve the images they contain. In the widest sense, preservation assures that a movie will continue to exist in as close to its original form as possible.
Parry Patch
Parry Patch (62°17′S 59°22′W﻿ / ﻿62.283°S 59.367°W﻿ / -62.283; -59.367) is a shoal lying in Nelson Strait 3 nautical miles (6 km) northwest of Harmony Point, Nelson Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The name Parry's Straits or Perry's Straits was applied to Nelson Strait by the British sealer Richard Sherratt in 1820–21, but the name did not become established. Parry Patch was applied by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1961 to preserve Sherratt's name in the area.

Harmony Point
Harmony Point is a point which lies close west of Harmony Cove and forms both the south side of the entrance to Malak Sechko Cove and the western extremity of Guangzhou Peninsula and Nelson Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was charted in 1935 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, and named from association with Harmony Cove.
Adoukro
Adoukro is a village in eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Koun-Fao, Koun-Fao Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Adoukro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Koun-Fao Department
Koun-Fao Department is a department of Gontougo Region in Zanzan District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 167,881 and its seat is the settlement of Koun-Fao. The sub-prefectures of the department are Boahia, Kokomian, Kouassi-Datékro, Koun-Fao, Tankessé, and Tienkoikro.
1951 Goodwood Trophy
The 1951 Goodwood Trophy was a non-championship Formula One motor race held at the Goodwood Circuit on 29 September 1951. The race was won by Giuseppe Farina in an Alfa Romeo 159, setting fastest lap in the process. Reg Parnell in a Ferrari 375 was second and Tony Rolt third in a Delage 15S8-ERA.

Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta
The Alfa Romeo 158/159, also known as the Alfetta (Little Alfa in Italian), is a Grand Prix racing car produced by Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It is one of the most successful racing cars ever; the 158 and its derivative, the 159, took 47 wins from 54 Grands Prix entered. It was originally developed for the pre-World War II voiturette formula (1937) and has a 1.5-litre straight-8 supercharged engine. Following World War II, the car was eligible for the new Formula One introduced in 1947. In the hands of drivers such as Nino Farina, Juan Manuel Fangio and Luigi Fagioli, it dominated the first two seasons of the World Championship of Drivers.
Matsu-class destroyer
The Matsu-class destroyers (松型駆逐艦, Matsu-gata kuchikukan) were a class of destroyer built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late stages of World War II. The class was also designated the Type-D Destroyer (丁型駆逐艦, Tei-gata kuchikukan). Although sometimes termed Destroyer escorts, they were larger and more capable than contemporary United States Navy destroyer escorts or the Imperial Japanese Navy kaibōkan vessels.

Gakken
Gakken Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社学研ホールディングス, Kabushiki-gaisha Gakken Hōrudingusu) is a Japanese publishing company founded in 1947 by Hideto Furuoka, which also produces educational toys. Their annual sales are reported at ¥ 90 billion ($789 million US).

Gakken publishes educational books and magazines and produces other education-related products. For nursery school age children and their caretakers, they produce items such as child care and nursing guides.  For school children, they publish text books, encyclopedias, and science books. Gakken also publishes educational magazines for high school students, as well as school guides for all levels.  Gakken also provides products for playrooms, study rooms, computer rooms and science rooms.

Gakken also publishes general family-oriented and gender-oriented magazines in sports, music, art, history, animation, cooking, and puzzles.
Inner Ring Road, Guntur
The Inner Ring Road, officially Mahatma Gandhi Inner Ring Road, is a ring road freeway of Guntur in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It stretches to 6.34 km (3.94 mi) in length and was laid at a cost of ₹ 29.08 crores. The project includes two phases and was taken up by the then, VGTM Urban Development Authority (now APCRDA).

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
Richard W. Kunkel
Richard William Kunkel (born August 7, 1934), is an American politician in the state of North Dakota. He was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1991 to 1998. He is an alumnus of Minot State University and the University of North Dakota, and was a former Devils Lake Superintendent of Schools.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
Adam Gorgoni
Adam Gorgoni (born 16 December 1963 in New York City) is a prolific composer of film and TV scores and has composed music for over 20 films, including Candyman: Day of the Dead, Waiting..., The Dead Girl, Breakable You, Starting Out in the Evening and Aliens in America.

The Dead Girl
The Dead Girl is a 2006 American drama thriller film written and directed by Karen Moncrieff, starring Brittany Murphy, Toni Collette, Rose Byrne and Marcia Gay Harden. The film was nominated for several 2007 Independent Spirit Awards including Best Feature and Best Director. It is the story of a young woman's death and the people linked to her murder. It also features Mary Beth Hurt, Kerry Washington, James Franco, Giovanni Ribisi, Josh Brolin, Mary Steenburgen and Piper Laurie.
Teatro Lira Paulistana
Teatro Lira Paulistana was a theatre in São Paulo, Brazil.

Founded in 1979, in a basement in a building at Rua Teodoro Sampaio, in the neighborhood of Pinheiros, the theatre got is name from a book by Mário de Andrade.

Besides being a music venue, Lira Paulistana was also a cultural point, congregating independent musical scenes such as the Vanguarda Paulista. The theater spun off a record label, Selo Lira Paulistana, and an alternative newspaper.

The theater closed in 1986.

Pinheiros
Pinheiros (Portuguese pronunciation: [pĩˈɲejɾus], "pine trees") is a district in the subprefecture of the same name in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Prior to development, the land which this borough occupies was dominated by the dense forest which contained a Brazilian subtropical species of pine, Araucaria angustifolia, which is also the symbol of the Paraná state.

The district comprises the neighborhoods of Jardim das Bandeiras, Jardim Viana, Jardim das Rosas, Pinheiros, Vila Madalena, Sumarezinho, Jardim Europa, and Jardim Paulistano, the last two being part of the Jardins upper class region. The HDI of the borough was 0.960, the second highest in the city of São Paulo.