hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gabriel Kron
Gabriel Kron (1901–1968) was a Hungarian American electrical engineer who promoted the use of methods of linear algebra, multilinear algebra, and differential geometry in the field. His method of system decomposition and solution called Diakoptics is still influential today. Though he published widely, his methods were slow to be assimilated. At Union College a symposium was organized by Schaffer Library on "Gabriel Kron, the Man and His Work", held October 14, 1969. H.H. Happ edited the contributed papers, which were published by Union College Press as Gabriel Kron and Systems Theory.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
2002 Punjab provincial election
Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Punjab to elect the 14th Provincial Assembly of the Punjab on 10 October 2002, alongside nationwide general elections and three other provincial elections in Sindh, Balochistan and North-West Frontier Province. The remaining two territories of Pakistan, AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan, were ineligible to vote due to their disputed status. The elections were held under the military government of General Pervez Musharraf. The elections saw an end to the two-party system between the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Muslim League (N), with the centre-right Pakistan Muslim League (Q) emerging as a third main party supporting Musharraf.

There were allegations that both the provincial and general elections were engineered and rigged to bring Musharraf and his aligned party, the PML-Q in power.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
SM UC-30
SM UC-30 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 27 July 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 22 August 1916 as SM UC-30. In four patrols UC-30 was credited with sinking five ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-30 was mined and sunk off Horns Reef on 21 April 1917. The wreck was discovered in 2016.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Shchaslyve, Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast
Shchaslyve (Ukrainian: Щасливе) is a village in Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast that borders Kyiv city. It hosts the administration of Prystolychna rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Along with a settlement Prolisky, it composes the Shchaslyve rural council which is the biggest council in the district.

The village and the council are located along the Kyiv-Kharkiv highway M03 on the way to the Boryspil International Airport.

The village contains sports facility Knyazha Arena and used to house the FC Knyazha Shchaslyve. Since 2014 in Shchaslyve plays the FC Arsenal-Kyiv.

The village was created in 1969 as part of Bortnychi state farm. Today Bortnychi is a neighborhood of Kyiv city.

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
39th World Zionist Congress
The 39th World Zionist Congress convened in Jerusalem from October 28–29, 2025.

World Zionist Congresses choose who will occupy leadership positions, and determine policy for the World Zionist Organization (WZO) and other national institutions, including the Jewish National Fund (JNF), the Jewish Agency for Israel (JAFI) and Keren Hayesod.

The national institutions governed by the congress (WZO, JNF, JAFI, and others) collectively spend approximately US$1 billion annually on their activities.

The 39th Congress took place shortly after the beginning of the ceasefire in the 2023—2025 Gaza war.

Jerusalem Program
The Jerusalem Program (Hebrew: תוכנית ירושלים) is the ideological platform of the Zionist Movement, and was initially adopted in 1951 at the 23rd World Zionist Congress to replace the Basel Program. The Jerusalem Program differed from the original Basel Program in that it shifted the goals of the Zionist Movement once the State of Israel was already established.
East (Croydon ward)
East was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Croydon from 1965 to 1978. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned three councillors to Croydon London Borough Council. For elections to the Greater London Council, the ward was part of the Croydon electoral division from 1965 and then the Croydon North East division from 1973.

Croydon London Borough Council
Croydon London Borough Council, which styles itself Croydon Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Croydon in Greater London, England. Croydon is divided into 28 wards, electing 70 councillors. Since 2022 the council has been led by a directly elected mayor. The council has been under no overall control since 2022, being run by a Conservative minority administration. The council meets at Croydon Town Hall and has its main offices in the adjoining Bernard Weatherill House.
Pub cheese
Pub cheese is a type of soft cheese spread or dip prepared using cheese as a primary ingredient and usually with some type of beer or ale added. While beer cheese is made with beer, pub cheese can be made without alcohol. Pub cheese is a traditional bar snack in the United States.

Pub cheese is sometimes prepared using a mix of processed cheese and pure cheese. It can be made with smoked cheeses or liquid smoke added to impart a smoky flavor. It is typically served with crackers or vegetables, which may be dipped into the cheese or used as a base for spreading. It is also used as a topping on sandwiches, such as hamburgers.

It is a mass-produced product in the United States, typically produced without any alcohol. The dairy brand Président sells pub cheese, and Trader Joe's has a store brand of pub cheese.

Some bars, breweries, public houses and restaurants produce their own versions of pub cheeses.

Trader Joe's
Trader Joe's Company is an American grocery store chain headquartered in Monrovia, California, with 631 locations across the United States as of January 15, 2026.

The first Trader Joe's store was opened in 1967 by founder Joe Coulombe in Pasadena, California. Theo Albrecht, the co-founder of Aldi, bought the chain in 1979. Today, its ownership is structured so Aldi Nord is a sister company, with both directly belonging to three foundations (Markus-Stiftung, Jacobus-Stiftung and Lukas-Stiftung) of the Albrecht family. The company has offices in Monrovia and Boston, Massachusetts.
Álvares
Álvares (sometimes Alvares), a Portuguese and Galician surname, originally a patronymic meaning Son of Álvaro, is the name of:

Ana Ida Alvares (born 1965), Brazilian volleyball player

Chris Alvares (1901–1994), Surinamese classical musician and composer

Francisco Álvares (1465–1541), Portuguese missionary and explorer

João Álvares Fagundes (active in 1521), Portuguese explorer

Jorge Álvares (died 1521), Portuguese explorer

Mara Alvares (born 1948), Brazilian artist

Nuno Álvares Pereira (1360–1431), Portuguese general and constable of Portugal

Pedro Álvares Cabral (about 1467 – about 1520), Portuguese navigator and explorer, discoverer of Brazil

Nuno Álvares Pereira
Dom Nuno Álvares Pereira, OCarm (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnunu ˈalvɐɾɨʃ pɨˈɾɐjɾɐ]; 24 June 1360 – 1 November 1431), known as Constable of Portugal, was a Portuguese general who played a decisive role in the 1383–1385 Crisis that assured Portugal's independence from Castile. He later became a mystic and was beatified by Pope Benedict XV in 1918, and canonised by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009.

Nuno Álvares Pereira is often referred to as the Saint Constable (Portuguese: Santo Condestável) or as Saint Nuno of Saint Mary (Portuguese: São Nuno de Santa Maria), his religious name. He was count of Barcelos, Ourém and Arraiolos.
1960 Croke Cup
The 1960 Croke Cup was the ninth staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 27 March to 8 May 1960.

St Kieran's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St Peter's College in the Leinster final.

The final was played on 8 May 1960 at Croke Park in Dublin, between the North Monastery and St Peter's College, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. The North Monastery won the match by 1–09 to 1–04 to claim their first ever Croke Cup title.

Paddy Fahy was the top scorer with 1-06.

1959 Croke Cup
The 1959 Croke Cup was the eighth staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 15 March to 19 April 1959.

St Flannan's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by  Abbey CBS in the Harty Cup final.

The final was played on 19 April 1959 at Thurles Sportsfield, between St Kieran's College and Abbey CBS, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Kieran's College won the match by 2–13 to 4–02 to claim their third Croke Cup title overall and a first title in two years.

Eddie Keher was the top scorer with 2-09.
Mickey (1948 film)
Mickey is a 1948 American coming-of-age comedy drama film directed by Ralph Murphy and starring Lois Butler, Bill Goodwin, Skip Homeier and Academy Award-winning actress Hattie McDaniel. The film was based on the novel Clementine by Peggy Goodin and was filmed in Cinecolor. The film's sets were designed by the art director Edward L. Ilou.

Ralph Murphy (director)
Ralph Murphy (May 1, 1895 – February 10, 1967) was an American film and television director. Born in Rockville, Connecticut, Murphy was active in films from 1931 through 1962, with some work in television. From 1941 to 1944 he was married to Gloria Dickson, whom he directed in I Want a Divorce.

Television programs that Murphy directed included Mr. and Mrs. North.

Murphy was born in Rockville, Connecticut, and died in Los Angeles, California.
Auto 5000
Auto 5000 GmbH was a German vehicle manufacturing company set up inside the Volkswagen complex in Wolfsburg.

The company was set up as a lower cost model with the aim of keeping manufacturing jobs in Germany at a time when production was moving to other areas. Key reductions in cost were a lower weekly rate of pay and more flexible working hours. The trade union IG Metall agreed the terms for newly employed staff who were either unemployed, about to be made redundant or looking to have more flexible working hours.

Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (German: [ˈvɔlfsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. It lies on the river Aller, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 kilometres (143 mi) west of Berlin.

Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the KdF-Wagen until 25 May 1945, the city was called Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben. In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000. In 2019, the GRP was €188,453 per capita.
Ernst Sigismund Fischer
Ernst Sigismund Fischer (12 July 1875 – 14 November 1954) was a mathematician born in Vienna, Austria. He worked alongside Franz Mertens and Hermann Minkowski at the universities of Vienna and Zurich, respectively. He later became professor at the University of Erlangen, where he worked with Emmy Noether.

His main area of research was mathematical analysis, specifically orthonormal sequences of functions, which laid groundwork for the emergence of the concept of a Hilbert space.

The Riesz–Fischer theorem in Lebesgue integration is named in his honour.

He is the grandson of composer Karl Graedener.

Orthonormality
In linear algebra, two vectors in an inner product space are orthonormal if they are orthogonal unit vectors. A unit vector means that the vector has a length of 1, which is also known as normalized. Orthogonal means that the two vectors are perpendicular to each other. A set of vectors form an orthonormal set if all vectors in the set are mutually orthogonal and all of unit length. An orthonormal set which forms a basis is called an orthonormal basis.
Holger Blume
Holger Blume (born 28 December 1973 in Lüdinghausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany) is a former German sprinter who specialised in the 100 metres.

He is the twin brother of Marc Blume. Both represented the sports club TV Wattenscheid.

Holger Blume finished seventh in 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1998 IAAF World Cup, with teammates Patrick Schneider, Manuel Milde and Marc Blume. With a personal best of 10.13 seconds, Blume is fifth on the German all-time list.

He also participated in this event at the 1996 Olympic Games, the 1999 World Championships and the 2002 IAAF World Cup without reaching the final.

TV Wattenscheid
TV Wattenscheid 01 Leichtathletik is a German sports club focused on athletics. Founded in 1971 in Wattenscheid, Bochum in the Western part of Germany, the club's history is linked to that of an older club, Turnverein Wattenscheid 01, a gymnastics club in the city which was formed in 1901. The club's main stadium for events and training is Lohrheidestadion.

The athletics section of the club grew in the mid-1960s and received sponsorship from Klaus Steilmann, a local businessman who was involved with textile manufacturing. Shortly after, the team split away from the main club to form a distinct, athletics-specific club. Among the club's first internationally successful athletes was Sabine Braun, who was twice heptathlon world champion. The current chairman of the club is former sprint athlete Jörg Klocke.
Sringri Rishi Dham
Shringi Rishi Dham is a Hindu temple in the Suryagraha block of Lakhisarai district of Bihar, India. Devotees come here to get their children's head shaved after their wishes are fulfilled. The mountain waterfalls and ponds here enhance the beauty. The temple premises is situated in the root of hills. There is Sita Kund, a hot water natural water spring where devotees takes divine bath.  The whole area is surrounded by hills and water bodies. There is a small dam named Shringi Rishi Dam at this location for water reservoir.

Suryagarha Assembly constituency
Suryagarha Assembly constituency is one of 243 constituencies of legislative assembly of Bihar. It is part of  Munger Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Jamalpur, Munger and Lakhisarai.
Izumi-ku, Sendai
Izumi-ku (泉区) is the northernmost ward of the city of Sendai, in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2017,  the ward had a population of 215,048 and a population density of 1470 persons per km2 in 90,336 households. The total area of the ward was 146.61 square kilometres (56.61 sq mi). Izumi-ku is the twelfth-largest ward in Japan in terms of area, and third-largest in Sendai (behind Aoba-ku and Taihaku-ku). Formerly the independent city of Izumi, the population of the area expanded extremely rapidly from the mid-1970s onwards as a bedroom community for central Sendai. In 1988, the city of Izumi was annexed by Sendai.

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
Henn Põlluste
Henn Põlluste (born on 2 September 1952 in Virtsu) is an Estonian wrestler and wrestling coach.

In 1980 he graduated from Tallinn Pedagogical Institute in physical education.

In 1972 he won Ivan Poddubny international competition.

1973-1979 he won several gold medals at Estonian Wrestling Championships.

1979–1990, 2002–2008 and 2010–2016, he was the principal coach of Estonian national wrestling team.

Students: Marko Yli-Hannuksela, Juha Ahokas, Valeri Nikitin, Tarvi Thomberg, Heiki Nabi, Ardo Arusaar.

Awards:

2012 and 2013: Estonian Coach of the Year

2013: Order of the White Star, III class.

Ivan Poddubny
Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny (Russian: Ива́н Максимович Подду́бный; Ukrainian: Іва́н Максимович Підду́бний, romanized: Ivan Maksymovych Piddubnyy; 8 October [O.S. 26 September] 1871 – 8 August 1949) was a professional wrestler from the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.
Adamova Manor
Adamova Manor (Latvian: Adamovas muižas pils, German: Adamhof, Latgalian: Odumova, Polish: Adamowa ) is a manor house in Vērēmi Parish, Rēzekne Municipality built in 1851 in the historical region of Latgale, in Latvia on the shores of Adamova Lake.

Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland
The Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Countries (Polish: Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich) is a monumental Polish gazetteer, published 1880–1902 in Warsaw by Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski, and others.
János Rátkai
János Rátkai (born 30 May 1951) is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from the early 1970s to the early 1980s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won a silver medal in the K-2 1000 m event at Munich in 1972.

Rátkai also won eight medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (K-2 1000 m and K-4 1000 m: both 1973), three silvers (K-2 500 m: 1973, 1974; K-4 10000 m: 1977), and three bronzes (K-2 1000 m: 1975, K-4 1000 m: 1974, 1975).

1977 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1977 Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Sofia, Bulgaria.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak. The men's K-1 4 x 500 m relay was discontinued at these championships and replaced by the men's K-4 500 m event.

This was the thirteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Fort Fisher Air Force Station
Fort Fisher Air Force Station was a United States Air Force installation located on the Atlantic coast 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southwest of Kure Beach, North Carolina. Its primary mission was as a radar complex. It was closed on 30 June 1988 by the Air Force, and turned over to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Today the radar installation that was the main part of the site is part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Eastern Air Defense Sector (EADS) Ground Equipment Facility J-02.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Anders Talleraas
Anders Talleraas (born 4 February 1946 in Brattvær Municipality) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal in 1977, and was re-elected on four occasions.

Talleraas was a member of the executive committee of the municipal council of Molde Municipality between 1975 and 1978. From 1998 he sat on the board of Romsdals Fellesbank, and was Chairman of Avinor from 2002 to 2006.

In 2012, Borgarting Court of Appeal found Talleraas guilty of through grave negligence unrightfully having received 2.6 million kr in pension from the Norwegian Parliament. He got a 6-month suspended sentence. The Supreme Court of Norway declined to hear his appeal in 2013.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.