hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tulayl ash-Sham
Tulayl ash-Sham (Arabic: تليل الشام) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located on the Queiq Plain, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) northeast of Azaz, 45 km (28 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and less than 0.5 km (0.31 mi) east of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Shamarikh 1.5 km (0.93 mi) to the southeast and Shamarin 2 km (1.2 mi) to the northeast. In the 2004 census, Tulayl ash-Sham had a population of 176.

Kilis Province
Kilis Province (Turkish: Kilis ili) is a province in southern Turkey, on the border with Syria. Its area is 1,412 km2, and its population is 147,919 (2022). The province was created in 1995 from the southern part of Gaziantep Province. The city of Kilis is home to over 75% of the inhabitants of the province; the other towns and villages are very small.
Cavada
Cavada is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolfo Fernández Cavada (1832–1871), Cuban-born American Civil War veteran and diplomat

Carlos Oviedo Cavada (1927–1998), Chilean Roman Catholic cardinal

Federico Fernández Cavada (1831–1871), American Civil War veteran and diplomat

José Alfonso Cavada (1832–1909), Chilean politician

Adolfo Fernández Cavada
Adolfo Fernández Cavada (May 17, 1832 – December 18, 1871) was a soldier and diplomat, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War who served as captain in the Philadelphia 23rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, a regiment of the Union Forces, with his brother, Colonel Federico Fernández Cavada. He served with distinction in the Army of the Potomac in the battles of Fredericksburg and Gettysburg and was a "special aide-de-camp" to General Andrew A. Humphreys. After the war, Fernández Cavada was appointed as consul in Cienfuegos, Cuba. He joined his brother, who had been in Trinidad, in the Cuban insurrection against Spanish rule and succeeded him as Commander-in-Chief of the Cinco Villas. He was killed in action.
Love Has to Be Learned
Love Has to Be Learned (German: Liebe will gelernt sein) is a 1963 West German comedy film directed by Kurt Hoffmann and starring Martin Held, Barbara Rütting and  Götz George. It was adapted by Erich Kästner from his own play.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location around Munich in Bavaria. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Jürgen Kiebach and Ernst Schomer.

Erich Kästner
Emil Erich Kästner (German: [ˈeːʁɪç ˈkɛstnɐ] ⓘ; 23 February 1899 – 29 July 1974) was a German writer, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known primarily for his humorous, socially astute poems and for children's books including Emil and the Detectives and Lisa and Lottie. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1960 for his autobiography When I Was a Little Boy. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in eight separate years.
Chatar Halt railway station
Chatar Halt railway station is a halt railway station on Gaya–Kiul line of Delhi–Kolkata Main Line in East Central Railway zone under Danapur railway division of the Indian Railways. The railway station is situated at Chatar in Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar.

East Central Railway zone
The East Central Railway (ECR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India, serving primarily the eastern and central regions of the country. Headquartered in Hajipur, Bihar, the zone manages a vast network of railway lines across five divisions: Sonpur, Samastipur, Dhanbad, Danapur & Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
Richard Schweizer
Richard Schweizer (23 December 1899 – 30 March 1965) was a Swiss screenwriter who won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1945 for his work in Marie-Louise, as well as the Academy Award for Best Story in 1948 for his work in The Search. Schweizer also directed the film Kleine Scheidegg (1937).

18th Academy Awards
The 18th Academy Awards were held on March 7, 1946, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre to honor the films of 1945. Being the first Oscars after the end of World War II, the ceremony returned to the glamour of the prewar years; notably, the plaster statuettes that had been used during the war were replaced by bronze statuettes with gold plating and an elevated base.

Despite the optimistic postwar mood, director Billy Wilder's grim and socially significant drama The Lost Weekend won the major awards of Best Picture and Best Director, as well as two other awards. It was the first film to win both Best Picture and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Best Actress nominee Joan Crawford was absent due to illness.

This was the first year in which every film nominated for Best Picture won at least one Oscar, and also the first time a sequel (The Bells of St. Mary's) was nominated for Best Picture.
Filippo Civinini
Filippo Civinini (20 September 1805 – 11 May 1844) was an Italian anatomist from Pistoia. He is remembered for contributions made in the field of osteology, in particular the cranium.

He studied medicine in Pistoia and Pisa, where in 1825 he earned his degree. In 1834 he was appointed anatomical dissector, and two years later attained the chair of anatomy at the University of Pisa. He composed the first catalogue on the collections of anatomy at the Museum of Pisa.

In 1835 Civinini provided the first description of a neuroma that causes a painful foot condition known today as Morton's metatarsalgia. He made the discovery during the dissection of a cadaver, which he described in an article called "Su un nervoso gangliare rigonfiamento alla pianta del piede" (On the neural ganglion swelling on the sole of the foot).

Pistoia
Pistoia (US: /pɪˈstɔɪə, piːˈstoʊjɑː/; Italian: [pisˈtoːja] ⓘ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.
White Witch (DC Comics)
White Witch (Mysa Nal, originally Xola Aq) is a fictional character appearing in media published by DC Comics. Created by E. Nelson Bridwell and Curt Swan, she is usually depicted as a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th and 31st centuries. She is the sister of fellow Legionnaire Dream Girl and daughter of Kiwa Nal, the former High Seer of Naltor. Like Dream Girl, she is a native of the planet Naltor, but lacks the precognitive abilities of her species.

Curt Swan
Douglas Curtis Swan (February 17, 1920 – June 17, 1996) was an American comics artist. The artist most associated with Superman during the period fans call the Bronze Age of Comic Books, Swan produced hundreds of covers and stories from the 1950s through the 1980s.
Reynolds Webb
Reynolds William Webb (14 April 1900 – 22 June 1989) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Webb was a rover and forward during his time at Collingwood.

He played in two losing grand finals, the 1922 VFL Grand Final and 1925 VFL Grand Final.

Webb represented the VFL in 1925, against New South Wales.

1922 VFL grand final
The 1922 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Fitzroy Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 14 October 1922. It was the 25th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1922 VFL season.

The half-time break was more than thirty minutes.

The match, attended by 50,064 spectators, was won by Fitzroy by a margin of 11 points, marking that club's seventh premiership victory.
Iyothee Thass
C. Iyothee Thass (Born Kathavarayan; 20 May 1845 – 1914) was an Indian anti-caste activist and a practitioner of Siddha medicine. He famously converted to Buddhism and called upon the Paraiyars to do the same, arguing that this was their original religion. He also founded the Panchamar Mahajana Sabha in 1891 along with Rettamalai Srinivasan. Panchamas are the ones who are outcastes.

"Iyothee Thass" is the most common Anglicized spelling of his name; other spellings include Pandit C. Ayodhya Dasa, C. Iyothee Doss, C. Iyodhi Doss, C. Iyothee Thoss, K. Ayōttitācar (avarkaḷ), K. Ayōttitāsa (paṇṭitaravarkaḷ), or Ayothidas Pandithar.

Dalit Ezhilmalai
Dalit Ezhilmalai  (24 June 1945 – 6 May 2020) was an Indian union minister. He was a leader of the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), and was Union Minister of State, Health and Family Welfare (Independent Charge) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in 1998–99.
Gerry Jones (politician)
Norman Francis Jones (16 August 1932 – 21 April 2017), known as Gerry Jones, was an Australian politician. Born at Roma, Queensland, he was a research assistant before becoming state organiser of the Queensland Labor Party 1967–1972. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as the member for Everton at the 1972 state election, but was defeated in the landslide Labor loss of 1974. He was a Labor Party Executive Officer 1976–1977 and State Secretary 1977–1980. In 1980, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for Queensland. He remained in the Senate until his retirement in 1996.

Following the announcement of the 1987 Senate election results, Jones was one of four senators who received a three-year term as a consequence of which method was chosen to allocate the seats.

He died on 21 April 2017.

Roma, Queensland
Roma is a rural town and locality in the Maranoa Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the administrative centre of the Maranoa Region. The town was incorporated in 1867 and is named after Lady Diamantina Bowen (née di Roma), the wife of Sir George Bowen, the Governor of Queensland at the time. In the 2021 census, the locality of Roma had a population of 6,838 people.
Second Gakharia government
The second government of Giorgi Gakharia was the government of Georgia, with Giorgi Gakharia as its head as the country's Prime Minister from 24 December 2020 to February 18, 2021. The cabinet was formed after the 2020 parliamentary elections, in which the victorious Georgian Dream party nominated Giorgi Gakharia as its candidate for prime minister for a second term. Gakharia presented his cabinet to parliament on December 14. The Georgian Dream backed his cabinet and approved it by a parliamentary majority on December 24. The second Gakharia administration was dissolved after his resignation on February 18, 2021, over a dispute within his party on the arrest of opposition leader Nika Melia. The political leadership of Georgian Dream, including the party's founder Bidzina Ivanishvili, later branded Gakharia "a coward and a traitor" for stepping down. Gakharia went on to form a new opposition political party.

Giorgi Gakharia
Giorgi Gakharia (Georgian: გიორგი გახარია; born 19 March 1975) is a Georgian politician who served as the 14th Prime Minister of Georgia from 8 September 2019 until his resignation on 18 February 2021.
Sergey Semenov (wrestler)
Sergey Viktorovich Semenov (Russian: Сергей Викторович Семёнов, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej sʲɪˈmʲɵnəf]; born 10 August 1995) is a Russian Greco-Roman wrestler. 2018 senior world champion. 2x Olympic bronze medalist, 2024 European champion, 2017 World Cup winner, 2017 U23 World champion.

In 2020, he won the gold medal in the 130 kg event at the Individual Wrestling World Cup held in Belgrade, Serbia. In March 2021, he qualified at the European Qualification Tournament to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He won one of the bronze medals in the 130 kg event.

He won the gold medal in the 130 kg event at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania. In the final, he defeated Rıza Kayaalp of Turkey. He competed at the 2024 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament in Baku, Azerbaijan and he earned a quota place for the Individual Neutral Athletes for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

2021 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament
The 2021 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament is the second regional qualifying tournament for the 2020 Summer Olympics. The event was held from 18 to 21 March 2021, in BOK Sports Hall, Budapest, Hungary.
Blackberry Winter (short story)
"Blackberry Winter" is a work of short fiction by Robert Penn Warren first appearing as a chapbook offered by Cummington Press in 1946. The story was collected in The Circus in the Attic and Other Stories (1947), published by Harcourt Brace & Company.

"Blackberry Winter" is the most anthologized of Warren's short stories and widely acclaimed by critics.

Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

The company, formerly known as Gale Research and the Gale Group, is active in research and educational publishing for public, academic, and school libraries, and for businesses. The company is known for its full-text magazine and newspaper databases, Gale OneFile (formerly known as Infotrac), and other online databases subscribed by libraries, as well as multi-volume reference works, especially in the areas of religion, history, and social science.

Founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954 by Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr., the company was acquired by the International Thomson Organization (later the Thomson Corporation) in 1985 before its 2007 sale to Cengage.
LAK-9
The LAK-9 Lietuva (English: Lithuania) was an open-class competition sailplane produced in the Soviet Union in the 1970s. It was based on the LAK BK-7 that had been produced in small numbers since 1972. Like it, the LAK-9 was a conventional sailplane design with a high-set cantilever wing and a conventional empennage. The landing gear consisted of a retractable monowheel and a tailwheel, and construction throughout was of fibreglass.

The type came to the attention of the West when a LAK-9 was flown in the 1976 Gliding World Championships in Finland, the first entry by the Soviet Union since 1968. Piloted by O. Pasetnik, it was withdrawn from competition due to aileron damage.

The fourth batch to be produced was designated the LAK-9M (for "Modernised"), and a motorglider version was also produced.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Law of Malaysia
The law of Malaysia is mainly based on the common law legal system. This was a direct result of the colonisation of Malaya, Sarawak, and North Borneo by Britain between the early 19th century to the 1960s. The supreme law of the land—the Constitution of Malaysia—sets out the legal framework and rights of Malaysian citizens.

Federal laws enacted by the Parliament of Malaysia apply throughout the country. There are also state laws enacted by the State Legislative Assemblies which applies in the particular state. The constitution of Malaysia also provides for a unique dual justice system—the secular laws (criminal and civil) and sharia laws.

Crown Colony of Sarawak
The Crown Colony of Sarawak was a British Crown colony on the island of Borneo, established in 1946, shortly after the dissolution of the British Military Administration. It was succeeded as the state of Sarawak through the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.
Arthur James Turner (politician)
Arthur James Turner (September 12, 1888 – December 13, 1983) was an English-born body repair shop owner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Vancouver East in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1941 to 1966 as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and then New Democratic Party member.

He was born in Norwich, the son of Arthur Walter Turner and was educated there. He apprenticed as a coppersmith, and came to Canada in 1913 with his wife, the former Ida Emily White. He worked as a metal worker in Victoria before opening his own shop in Vancouver. He served as whip for the CCF and was deputy house leader for the party from 1957 to 1966. Turner died in Vancouver at the age of 95.

Vancouver East (provincial electoral district)
Vancouver East was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. It first appeared on the hustings in the general election of 1933.  It and the other new Vancouver ridings in this year, Vancouver-Burrard, Vancouver-Point Grey and Vancouver Centre, were all created from the old Vancouver City riding, which was a six-member seat. Vancouver East was a two-member seat.
Mesobatrachia
The Mesobatrachia (Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, "middle") + batrachia ("frogs")) is a paraphyletic group of relatively primitive frogs. At the end of 2016, it contained 3 superfamilies (Pelobatoidea, Pelodytoidea and Pipoidea), 6 families, 16 genera, and 244 species. Recognized as a group in 1993, the name is contrasted with the primitive Archaeobatrachia and the more diverse and advanced Neobatrachia.

The Mesobatrachia comprise five fossorial families, including the spadefoot toads of Europe, North America, and East Asia, the parsley frogs, and the Mexican burrowing toad, as well as one obligatorily aquatic family, the Pipidae of Africa and South America. Later studies recognised that the group was paraphyletic with respect to Neobatrachia.

The families currently accepted in the Mesobatrachia suborder are:

Megophryidae

Pelobatidae

Pelodytidae

Pipidae

Rhinophrynidae

Scaphiopodidae

Fossorial
A fossorial animal (from Latin  fossor 'digger') is one that is adapted to digging and which lives primarily (but not solely) underground. Examples of fossorial vertebrates are moles, badgers, naked mole-rats, meerkats, armadillos, wombats, and mole salamanders. Among invertebrates, many molluscs (e.g., clams), insects (e.g., beetles, wasps, bees), and arachnids (e.g. spiders) are fossorial.
Gamurra
A gamurra was an Italian style of women's dress popular in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. It could also be called a camurra or camora in Florence or a zupa, zipa, or socha in northern Italy. It consisted of a fitted bodice and full skirt worn over a chemise (called a camicia). It was usually unlined.

The gamurra probably developed from a fourteenth century garment called the gonna, gonnella, or sottana. Early styles were front-laced, but the fashion later changed to side-laced styles. The fashion for sleeves also changed: though sleeves earlier in the fifteenth century are attached to the bodice, after 1450, they are usually detached and laced or pinned to the bodice.

The gamurra could be worn on its own in the home or in an informal setting; in a formal setting, it would typically be worn underneath an overdress such as a giornea or a cioppa.

Chemise
A chemise or shift is a classic smock type of women's undergarment or dress. Historically, a chemise was a simple garment worn next to the skin to protect clothing from sweat and body oils, the precursor to the modern shirts commonly worn in Western nations.
Mike Manypenny
Michael Noel Manypenny II (born August 1, 1959 in East Liverpool, Ohio) is an American politician and a former Democratic member of the West Virginia House of Delegates. Manypenny served in the House of Delegates from 2009 until January 2015; he represented District 42 prior to 2013 and District 49 from 2013 to 2015. In 2016, Manypenny ran for Congress in West Virginia's 1st congressional district, but was defeated by Republican incumbent David McKinley.

East Liverpool, Ohio
East Liverpool is a city in Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. The population was 9,958 at the 2020 census. It lies along the Ohio River at the convergence of the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia borders, about 30 miles (48 km) from both Pittsburgh and Youngstown. The city is most notable for its pottery industry, which was at one time the largest in the US.
Fort Lincoln blockhouse
Sometime in 1864 a large log blockhouse was removed from Fort Lincoln, Kansas, (see Fort Lincoln (Kansas)) and was relocated to the town of Fort Scott, Kansas.  This blockhouse was placed at the intersection of Lowman and First streets.  Probably a stockade, possibly also removed from Fort Lincoln, was erected around the blockhouse.

This structure was moved to help guard the town and military post of Fort Scott.  It was under the jurisdiction of the post and helped guard the area, along with Forts Blair, Henning and Insley (see Fort Blair (Fort Scott), Fort Henning and Fort Insley).  All four structures were in place to protect the area when Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's forces skirted town in October 1864 during the Confederate retreat during Price's Missouri Raid.

The Fort Lincoln blockhouse was probably torn down after Fort Scott's post was deactivated in 1865, as it was no longer needed when the threat of war had passed.

Fort Scott, Kansas
Fort Scott is a city in and the county seat of Bourbon County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 7,552.  It is named for Gen. Winfield Scott.  The city is located 88 miles (142 km) south of Kansas City on the Marmaton River.  It is the home of the Fort Scott National Historic Site and the Fort Scott National Cemetery.
Jonathan Cash
Jonathan Cash (born December 19, 1980) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competes in the SMART Modified Tour, driving for Hill Enterprises, having previously driven for Sadler-Stanley Racing. He previously competed in the NASCAR Busch East Series.

Before the 2026 season, Cash competed in Kaulig Racing's "Race For the Seat", competing against 14 other drivers to try to win a full-season ride in the team's No. 14 truck.

Cash has also competed in the now defunct X-1R Pro Cup Series, the Southeast Limited Late Model Series, the Virginia Late Model Triple Crown Series, and the Dirty Dozen Series.

SMART Modified Tour
The Southern Modified Auto Racing Teams (SMART) Tour is a Modified stock car racing series racing in the Southeastern region of The United States. The series began in 1989, NASCAR took over the series in 2005. During its time as a NASCAR sanctioned series it followed identical regulations to the Northern NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.

The series merged with the Northern Modified Tour in 2017 bringing an end to the series after almost 30 years.

The series came back in late 2020 without NASCAR sanction under the SMART Tour name and ran its first full season since 2004, in 2021 with the likes of Bobby Labonte and Ryan Preece competing, after only 4 events in 2020.

All races are broadcast live on FloRacing.
Mt. Bogd Golf Course
Mt. Bogd Golf Club is the first international-standard 18-hole golf course in Mongolia, located in the Bogd Khan Mountain, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It is situated 13 km (8 mi) to the southeast of downtown Ulaanbaatar. There are two other golf courses in Mongolia, yet none of them meets international standards with one having been built illegally by Korean investors.

Bogd Khan Mountain
Bogd Khan Mountain (Mongolian: Богд хан-уул; lit. 'Mount St. Khan') is a mountain in Mongolia that overlooks the nation's capital, Ulaanbaatar, from a height of 2,261 metres (7,418 ft) to the south of the city.

The mountain lies within the Bogd Khan Uul Biosphere Reserve.