hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Nuremberg Trial
The Nuremberg Trial is a 1946 oil painting by the British artist Laura Knight. Knight attended the Nuremberg trials of  Nazi German war criminals. She chose to juxtapose it with  the bombed-out ruins of a German city. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1946 at Burlington House, the first to be held since the end of the war. It was one of the most discussed artworks of the exhibition.  Today it is in the collection of the Imperial War Museum.

Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
The Summer Exhibition is an open art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London, England, during June, July, and August. The exhibition includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, architectural designs and models, and is the largest and most popular open exhibition in the United Kingdom. It is also "the longest continuously staged exhibition of contemporary art in the world".

When the Royal Academy was founded in 1768, one of its key objectives was to establish an annual exhibition, open to all artists of merit, which could be visited by the public. The first Summer Exhibition took place in 1769; it has been held every year since without exception.
1974 Women's College World Series
The 1974 Women's College World Series (WCWS) was contested among 18 college softball teams on May 16–19 in Omaha, Nebraska. This was the sixth WCWS.

Southwest Missouri State won all five of its games to win the national championship, defeating Northern Colorado in the final, 14–7.

Northern Colorado Bears
The Northern Colorado Bears are the athletic teams representing the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley, Colorado in intercollegiate athletics. The university sponsors seventeen teams including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, tennis, and track and field; women's-only soccer, softball, swimming and diving, and volleyball; and men's-only baseball, football, and wrestling. The Bears compete in NCAA Division I, with the football team competing at the FCS level, and most teams are members of the Big Sky Conference. Three Northern Colorado teams have separate affiliations in sports that the Big Sky does not sponsor. The baseball team competes in the Summit League, the women's swimming and diving team is an affiliate member of the Western Athletic Conference, and the wrestling team is a member of the Big 12 Conference.
Găvănești
Găvănești is a commune in Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Băleasa, Broșteni, Dâmburile and Găvănești. These were part of Baldovinești Commune until 2004, when they were split off.

Olt County
Olt County (Romanian pronunciation: [olt]) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt river). The capital city is Slatina.
Mardagana Burtuqala
Mardagana Burtuqala (Arabic: مردغانة برتقالة)  is a Syrian village located in Sinjar Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mardagana Burtuqala had a population of 531 in the 2004 census.

Maarat al-Numan District
Maarat al-Numan District (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة مَعَرَّةُ نُعْمَانِ, romanized: Manṭiqat Maʿarrat Nuʿmān) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Maarat al-Numan. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 371,829.
Eustreptospondylus
Eustreptospondylus (/juːˌstrɛptoʊspɒnˈdaɪləs/ yoo-STREPT-o-spon-DY-ləs;), from (Ancient Greek εὖ (eû), meaning "well", στρεπτός (streptós), meaning "twisted", and σπόνδυλος (spóndulos), meaning "vertebra"), is an extinct genus of megalosaurid theropod dinosaur, from the Callovian and Oxfordian stages of the Jurassic period (some time between 166 and 154 million years ago) in southern England, at a time when Europe was a series of scattered islands (due to tectonic movement at the time which raised the sea-bed and flooded the lowland).

Oxfordian age
The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 154.8 ± 0.8 Ma (million years ago). The Oxfordian is preceded by the Callovian and is followed by the Kimmeridgian.
Chuvashsky Timerlek
Chuvashsky Timerlek (Russian: Чувашский Тимерлек; Tatar: Чуаш Тимерлеге, Çuaş Timerlege; Chuvash: Чăваш Тĕкĕрмел, Çăvaş Tĕkĕrmel) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nurlatsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Timerlichka River (right tributary of the Bolshoy Cheremshan), 50 kilometers (31 mi) northwest of Nurlat, the administrative center of Nurlatsky District.  Population: 469 (1992 est.), predominantly the Chuvash people.

Chuvashsky Timerlek was founded in the 19th century.

There is a secondary school, a kindergarten, and a library, along with two convenience stores, a forestry, and a community center.

54°37′59″N 50°16′03″E﻿ / ﻿54.63306°N 50.26750°E﻿ / 54.63306; 50.26750

Nurlatsky District, Republic of Tatarstan
Nurlatsky District (Russian: Нурла́тский райо́н; Tatar: Нурлат районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the district is the city of Nurlat. In 2020, the population of the district was 58,290.  Almost half of the district population lives in the district center (at least 33 thousand people).

The history of the district is closely connected with the Bulgar period in the Volga region and on the Kama. The city of Nurlat used to have different names: South Nurlat, Nurlat-Oktyabrsky. The Nurlatsky district was called Oktyabrsky from 1930 to 1937.

The main natural resource of the region is oil, which is very important for the district's economy. The main economic sectors are oil production, processing industry, and agriculture.
Raptor (programming language)
RAPTOR,  the Rapid Algorithmic Prototyping Tool for Ordered
Reasoning, is a graphical authoring tool created by Martin C. Carlisle, Terry Wilson, Jeff Humphries and Jason Moore. It is hosted and maintained by former US Air Force Academy and current Texas A&M University professor Martin Carlisle.

RAPTOR allows users to write and execute programs using flowcharts. The simple language and graphical components of RAPTOR are designed to teach the major ideas of computer programming to students. It is typically used in academics to teach introductory programming concepts as well.

Flowchart
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.

The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.
Convent of Jesus and Mary, Murree
The Convent of Jesus Mary is a private boarding school located in Murree, Pakistan, and was founded in 1876 by Claudine Thévenet, who was also a founder of the Religious Order of Jesus Mary to educate young women of every status.

Claudine Thévenet
Claudine Thévenet, RJM (30 March 1774 – 3 February 1837), religious name Marie of Saint Ignatius, was a French Catholic religious sister and the founder of the Religious of Jesus and Mary.

Thévenet witnessed the horrors of the French Revolution – she saw two of her brothers executed – and went on to cater to the needs of children while using her congregation to provide local girls with a religious education.

Thévenet was beatified on 4 October 1981 and was later canonized as a saint on 21 March 1993.
Hit Parade of 1943
Hit Parade of 1943 also known as Change of Heart is a 1943 American musical film made by Republic Pictures. It was directed by Albert S. Rogell and produced by Albert J. Cohen from a screenplay by Frank Gill Jr. and Frances Hyland.

The film stars John Carroll, Susan Hayward (singing dubbed by Jeanne Darrell), Gail Patrick (singing dubbed by Ruth Fox), Eve Arden, Melville Cooper, Walter Catlett, Mary Treen, and Dorothy Dandridge. It also features several orchestras including the Count Basie Orchestra, Freddy Martin and his orchestra, Ray McKinley and his orchestra, and the Golden Gate Quartet.

Albert S. Rogell
Albert S. Rogell (August 21, 1901 – April 7, 1988) was an American film director who was born in Oklahoma City and died in Los Angeles. Rogell directed more than a hundred movies between 1921 and 1958. He was known for an aggressive directing style, shouting at his actors and crew.
Cartel theory
Cartel theory is usually understood as the doctrine of economic cartels. However, since the concept of 'cartel' does not have to be limited to the field of the economy, doctrines on non-economic cartels are conceivable in principle. Such exist already in the form of the state cartel theory and the cartel party theory. For the pre-modern cartels, which existed as rules for tournaments, duels and court games or in the form of inter-state fairness agreements, there was no scientific theory. Such has developed since the 1880s for the scope of the economy, driven by the need to understand and classify the mass emergence of entrepreneurial cartels. Within the economic cartel theory, one can distinguish a classical and a modern phase. The break between the two was set through the enforcement of a general cartel ban after Second World War by the US government.

George Stigler
George Joseph Stigler (/ˈstɪɡlər/; January 17, 1911 – December 1, 1991) was an American economist. He was the 1982 laureate in Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and is considered a key leader of the Chicago school of economics.
Wang Runlan
Wang Runlan (simplified Chinese: 王润兰; traditional Chinese: 王潤蘭; pinyin: Wáng Rùnlán; 28 May 1913 – 21 September 1937), or Wang Yunlan, was a Chinese soldier and boxer.

He competed for the Republic of China in the 1936 Summer Olympics, and was eliminated in the first round of the light heavyweight class after losing his fight to Wim Fock.

Wang was killed in a battle against the Japanese army on 21 September 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight
The men's light heavyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the second-heaviest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 175 pounds (79.4 kilograms). The competition was held from Monday, August 10, 1936, to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Twenty-one boxers from 21 nations competed.
Wang Fuyu
Wang Fuyu (Chinese: 王富玉; pinyin: Wáng Fùyù; born August 1952) is a retired Chinese politician of Hui ethnicity. At the height of his political career, he was chairman of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the province's top political advisory body. Prior to that, he was party chief of Haikou and Sanya in south China's Hainan province. He was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in February 2021. He was the third leader of provincial-ministerial level to be targeted in 2021, after Li Wenxi, former vice chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and Song Liang, for executive vice governor of Gansu.

He was a delegate to the 17th and 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 12th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Song Liang
Song Liang (Chinese: 宋亮; pinyin: Sòng Liàng; born December 1963) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in north China's Inner Mongolia. As of February 2021 he was under investigation by Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. Previously he served as the Executive Vice Governor of Gansu. Song was the second leader of provincial-ministerial level to be targeted in 2021, after Li Wenxi, former vice chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Joan Weston
Joan Weston or Joanie Weston (January 20, 1935 – May 10, 1997), known as the "Blonde Bomber", "Blonde Amazon", "Golden Girl", and "Roller Derby Queen", was an American athlete and was the most famous personality in the original Roller Derby.

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.
Pierre Hincelin
Pierre Hincelin (or Hencelin; died 15 June 1695) was a French soldier who was the King's Lieutenant on Guadeloupe. He fought on Antigua in 1666 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. He was governor of Guadeloupe from 1677 to 1694. The Nine Years' War broke out in 1688 and Guadeloupe was invaded by the English in 1691. The French defenders were outnumbered and retreated, but the effect of disease, heavy rain and the arrival of French reinforcements led to the English leaving after a few weeks.

Basse-Terre
Basse-Terre (/bæsˈtɛər/, bas-TAIR; French: [bɑstɛʁ] ⓘ; Guadeloupean Creole: Bastè [bastɛ]) is a commune in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe, in the Lesser Antilles. It is also the prefecture (capital city) of Guadeloupe. The city of Basse-Terre is located on Basse-Terre Island, the western half of Guadeloupe.

Although it is the administrative capital, Basse-Terre is only the second-largest city in Guadeloupe, behind Pointe-à-Pitre. Together with its urban area, it had 44,864 inhabitants in 2012 (11,534 of whom lived in the city of Basse-Terre proper).
Jeff Keeping
Jeff Keeping (born July 19, 1982) is a former professional offensive lineman/centre of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the Argonauts in the second round of the 2005 CFL draft. He played CIS football for the Western Ontario Mustangs. He also sits on the EMPWR Foundation board, aiding in concussion awareness and understanding. Jeff is also currently pursuing a career in Firefighting.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
Sanquhar
Sanquhar /ˈsæŋkər/ (Scots: Sanchar, Scottish Gaelic: Seanchair) is a town on the River Nith in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, north of Thornhill and west of Moffat. It is a former Royal Burgh.

It is notable for its tiny post office, established in 1712 and considered the oldest working post office in the world. It was also where the Covenanters, who opposed episcopalisation of the church, signed the Sanquhar Declaration renouncing their allegiance to the King, an event commemorated by a monument in the main street.

The church of St Bride's contains a memorial to James Crichton, a 16th-century polymath. The ruins of Sanquhar Castle stand nearby. Nithsdale Wanderers, the local football team, were formed in 1897. In 1924–25, they won the Scottish Division Three.

The town celebrates the granting of its Royal Charter on the 3rd Saturday in August each year. The day consists of a procession of horses, decorated floats and massed pipes and drums around the town.

Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity, also known as episcopalianism, is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term *ebiscopus/*biscopus, from Ancient Greek  ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos) 'overseer'. It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anabaptist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Many Methodist denominations have a form of episcopal polity known as connexionalism.
Grimstone (surname)
Grimstone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernest Grimstone (1883–1933), Australian politician

Gerry Grimstone (born 1949), British businessman

Mary Grimstone (1796–1869), British poet and writer

Gerry Grimstone, Baron Grimstone of Boscobel
Gerald Edgar Grimstone, Baron Grimstone of Boscobel (born 27 August 1949) is a British businessman. He was previously chairman of Barclays Bank plc and of Standard Life and group deputy chairman of Barclays plc, the holding company for the Barclays Group.

On 18 March 2020, he became an unpaid minister at the Department for International Trade and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, and it was announced he would become a life peer.
S68 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
Line S 68 is an S-Bahn line on the Rhine-Ruhr network. It is operated by DB Regio. It was established on 13 December 2009. It is a relief service operating during peak hours on weekdays between Wuppertal-Vohwinkel and Langenfeld via Düsseldorf Hbf. It was operated using a double set of class 420. Since November 2022, operations have been suspended due to staff shortages.

Line S 68 runs:

from Wuppertal-Vohwinkel to Düsseldorf over the Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway opened by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company between 1838 and 1841,

from Düsseldorf to Langenfeld over the Cologne–Duisburg railway, opened by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company in 1845.

Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway
The Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway is a 27 km long main line railway in Germany, originally built by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company, connecting Düsseldorf and Elberfeld (now Wuppertal) via Erkrath, Hochdahl and Vohwinkel.  It is served by Regional Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains.
Ohio State Route 110
State Route 110 (SR 110) is a 10.73-mile (17.27 km) state route that runs between Napoleon and north of McClure in the US state of Ohio. Most of the route is a rural two-lane highway and passes through both farmland and commercial properties. For much of its path, SR 110 runs generally parallel to the south of the Maumee River.

The highway was first signed in 1923 on much the same alignment as today, bur got as far northeast as Perrysburg. SR 110 was moved to the north side of the Maumee River in 1927. In 1931, the eastern terminus of the route was moved to Grand Rapids. The route was moved back to the south side of the river and the route was extended to Bowling Green in 1942. The eastern terminus of SR 110 was moved to the intersection with SR 65 in 1958.

Maumee River
The Maumee River (pronounced /mɔːˈmiː/) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiwi) is a river running in the Midwestern United States from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie. It is formed at the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers, where Fort Wayne, Indiana, has developed, and meanders northeastwardly for 137 miles (220 km) through an agricultural region of glacial moraines before flowing into the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee. The Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18, 1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio's breadbasket; it is two-thirds farmland, mostly corn and soybeans. It is the largest watershed of any of the rivers feeding the Great Lakes, and supplies five percent of Lake Erie's water.
Berlin Iron Bridge Co.
The Berlin Iron Bridge Company was a Berlin, Connecticut company that built iron bridges and buildings that were supported by iron. It is credited as the architect of numerous bridges and buildings now listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It eventually became part of the American Bridge Company.

Ausable River (New York)
The Ausable River (/ɔːˈseɪbəl/), also known as AuSable River and originally written as "Au Sable", runs in the U.S. state of New York, from the Adirondack Mountains and past the village of Lake Placid and Au Sable Forks to empty into Lake Champlain (at 44°33′40″N 73°25′25″W﻿ / ﻿44.56111°N 73.42361°W﻿ / 44.56111; -73.42361). It has an East and West branch that join at Au Sable Forks.  The river forms a partial boundary between Clinton County and Essex County.  The Ausable River is known for its gorge, Ausable Chasm, located a few miles east of Keeseville.

The Ausable River is 94 miles (150 km) long and drains a watershed of 516 square miles (1,340 km2).

It was originally named "Au Sable" (French for "sandy") by Samuel de Champlain when he first explored the region in 1609 because of its extensive sandy delta.
2025 United States Chess Championship
The 2025 edition of the United States Chess Championship took place at the Saint Louis Chess Club in St. Louis, Missouri from 11 October to 25 October 2025. As with every United States Chess Championship tournament since 2014, it was a round-robin tournament. Twelve players were invited to compete. Besides the reigning US champion, these included the winners of the US Open Chess Championship and the US Junior Championship. The remaining players were chosen by highest invitational rating, or were selected by the United States Chess Federation (USCF) as wildcards.

The twelve qualifiers were Fabiano Caruana, Wesley So, Hans Niemann, Levon Aronian, Awonder Liang, Samuel Sevian, Ray Robson, Grigoriy Oparin, Andy Woodward, Abhimanyu Mishra, Sam Shankland and Dariusz Świercz, all of whom are grandmasters.

Fabiano Caruana won the tournament, finishing half a point ahead of runner-up Wesley So.

Awonder Liang
Awonder Liang (born April 9, 2003) is an American chess Grandmaster. A chess prodigy in his youth, he was the third-youngest American to qualify for the title of Grandmaster (after Abhimanyu Mishra and Samuel Sevian), at the age of 14. Liang was twice world champion in his age category.