hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolayevka, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast
Nikolayevka (Russian: Николаевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Razdolyevskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Kolchuginsky District
Kolchuginsky District (Russian: Кольчу́гинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,148 square kilometers (443 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kolchugino. Population: 49,656 (2021 Census); 56,351 (2010 Census); 11,405 (2002 Census); 16,312 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kolchugino accounts for 79.4% of the district's total population.
Kirovsky District, Primorsky Krai
Kirovsky District (Russian: Ки́ровский райо́н) is one of the twenty-two administrative and municipal districts (raion) in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 3,483.9 square kilometers (1,345.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Kirovsky. Population:  21,249 (2010 census); 24,618 (2002 census); 29,516 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 42.6% of the district's total population.

Administrative divisions of Primorsky Krai
The Primorye region in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation is divided into 22 raions and 12 urban districts . A total of 28 urban and 117 rural communities are subordinate to the raions (as of 2010).
Simha Jodi
Simha Jodi is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by Joe Simon and produced by A. R. Raju. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Manjula, Halam and Roopadevi in lead roles. Actress Roopadevi made her Kannada debut in this movie in which she played Vishnuvardhan's sister (credited as A.Roopa).

Joe Simon (director)
S. M. Joe Simon (1947 or 1948 – 12 February 2026) was an Indian film director, actor, lyricist, screenplay and story writer, known for his work in Kannada cinema.  Some of the films directed by Simon are Mr. Vasu (1995), Wanted (1993), Ravivarma (1992), Snehada Kadalalli (1992).

Simon was a part of more than 100 films in Kannada, either as actor, dialogue writer or director. He had served as the Vice-president of Kannada Film Directors Association (KANFIDA). He died from a heart attack on 12 February 2026, at the age of 78.
Confidence region
In statistics, a confidence region is a multi-dimensional generalization of a confidence interval. For a bivariate normal distribution, it is an ellipse, also known as the error ellipse. More generally, it is a set of points in an n-dimensional space, often represented as a hyperellipsoid around a point which is an estimated solution to a problem, although other shapes can occur.

F-distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the F-distribution or F-ratio, also known as Snedecor's F distribution or the Fisher–Snedecor distribution (after Ronald Fisher and George W. Snedecor), is a continuous probability distribution that arises frequently as the null distribution of a test statistic, most notably in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other F-tests.
Fredrik Møller (alpine skier)
Fredrik Møller (born 27 October 2000) is a Norwegian World Cup alpine ski racer and focuses on the speed events of downhill and super-G.

Møller made his World Cup debut in December 2023 at Val d'Isère, France, and collected his first World Cup points with a 24th-place finish in a giant slalom.  His first victory came in a super-G at Bormio in December 2024, after placing fourth in the season's previous two super-G events.

At his first World Championships in 2025, Møller was fifth in the super-G and fifteenth in the downhill at Saalbach-Hinterglemm, Austria.

Møller represents the sports club Oppdal IL, based in Oppdal Municipality.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2025
The 48th FIS Alpine World Ski Championships were held from 4 to 16 February 2025 in Saalbach-Hinterglemm, Austria.

The location was scheduled to be decided in May 2020 during the 52nd FIS Congress in Pattaya, Thailand, but was cancelled to the COVID-19 pandemic. The vote took place during a video conference on 3 October 2020. Saalbach-Hinterglemm won over German Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Swiss Crans-Montana by a vote of 12–1–1.

In the western part of Salzburg state near the Tyrol border, Saalbach-Hinterglemm previously hosted the World Championships in 1991; Austria last hosted in 2013 at Schladming in Styria.

The races took place in the piste along the Zwölferkogel (12er Kogel) gondola lift with finish in Hinterglemm.
Yuri A. Barbanel
Yuri A. Barbanel (also Yuri A. Barbanel’, Yury Abramovich Barbanel) (8 April 1935 –  2 August 2016) was a distinguished Russian chemist born in 1935 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).  He obtained a Master of Science in chemistry from A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University, now Saint Petersburg State University, in 1958 and his Ph.D. in 1964 and his D.Sc. in 1991. Barbanel was a scientist in the fundamental radiochemistry branch of the V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute in St. Petersburg until his retirement in 2011. His research interests included optical spectra induced by radioluminescence and coordination chemistry of the actinides, and absorption spectra of the actinides in molten salts.

Radioluminescence
Radioluminescence (or scintillation) is the phenomenon by which light is produced in a material by bombardment with ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.  Radioluminescence is used as a low level light source for night illumination of instruments or signage.  Radioluminescent paint is occasionally used for clock hands and instrument dials, enabling them to be read in the dark.  Radioluminescence is also sometimes seen around high-power radiation sources, such as nuclear reactors and radioisotopes.
Buffalo Gas Light Company Works
Buffalo Gas Light Company Works is a historic gas works located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York.  After the main gas works structure was razed, the West Genesee Street facade was preserved and later incorporated into the headquarters of HealthNow New York.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Kuan Chung-ming
Kuan Chung-ming (Chinese: 管中閔; pinyin: Guǎn Zhōngmǐn; born 15 August 1956) is a Taiwanese economist and econometrician. He was the last minister of the Council for Economic Planning and Development from 2013 to 2014 and served as the first minister of the succeeding government agency, the National Development Council (NDC), from 2014 to 2015. He was formerly the President of National Taiwan University from 2019 to 2023 and is a Chair Professor in the Department of Finance of National Taiwan University.

National Development Council (Taiwan)
The National Development Council (NDC; traditional Chinese: 國家發展委員會; simplified Chinese: 国家发展委员会; pinyin: Guójiā Fāzhǎn Wěiyuánhuì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-ka Hoat-tián Úi-oân-hōe) is  the policy-planning agency of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan.
Mitieli Vulikijapani
Mitieli Vulikijapani (born 27 June 1994) is a Fijian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for Doncaster in the RFL Championship and Fiji at international level. He is also a British Army gunner who serves with the 47th Regiment Royal Artillery who has been granted permission to play rugby.

He spent time on loan from Hull at the Bradford Bulls in the Championship.

47th Regiment Royal Artillery
47 Regiment Royal Artillery is a regiment of the Royal Artillery in the British Army. It is equipped with the Thales Watchkeeper WK450. It is located at Horne Barracks, Larkhill in Wiltshire. It falls under command of Joint Aviation Command.
Latinus (Alemanni)
Latinus was an Alemannic warrior.

From 351 to 354 he served as comes domesticorum in the Roman army under emperor Constantius II. In 354, Latinus, Agilo, and Scudilo were suspected of having warned the Alemannic king Vadomarius of an impending Roman military attack.

Domesticus (Roman Empire)
The origins of the word domesticus can be traced to the late 3rd century of the Late Roman army. They often held high ranks in various fields, whether it was the servants of a noble house on the civilian side, or a high-ranking military position. After serving under the emperor for a certain duration, the Domestici would be able to become leaders themselves and potentially command their own regiment of legionaries in the military. Relatively, the most important offices were the “Comes Domesticorum” also known as, “Commander of the Protectores Domestici,” and “Comes rei Militaris” or General.
Willie Mae Allen
Willie Mae Allen (born February 11, 1937) is an American community activist and politician from Boston who represented the 6th Suffolk District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011.

Allen was an unsuccessful candidate for the Boston City Council in 1983 and 1985 (at-large) and the Boston School Committee in 1987 (District 4). From 1988 to 2004 she was the Democratic state committee woman for the 2nd Suffolk district. In 2006 she ran for the Massachusetts House of Representatives seat that was being vacated by Shirley Owens-Hicks. She defeated former Boston deputy superintendent and Newark, New Jersey Police chief William R. Celester for the Democratic nomination and was unopposed in the general election. She was reelected in 2008 and did not run for reelection in 2010.

Outside of politics, Allen has worked as a camp director and lectured on social and political issues. She has B.S., B.A., and M.P.A. degrees from Suffolk University.

Suffolk University
Suffolk University is a private university, Carnegie designated as "Professions-focused Undergraduate/Graduate-Doctorate Medium", in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. With 7,560 students on all campuses, it is the tenth-largest university in metropolitan Boston. It was founded as a law school in 1906 and named after its location in Suffolk County, Massachusetts. The university is also host to its namesake public opinion poll, the Suffolk University Political Research Center.

The university, located at the downtown edge of the historic Beacon Hill neighborhood, comprises the Suffolk College of Arts and Sciences, Sawyer Business School, and Suffolk University Law School. The university's sports teams, the Suffolk Rams, compete in 19 varsity sports in NCAA Division III as members of the Commonwealth Coast Conference.
National anthem of Mongolia
The national anthem of Mongolia, known before 1991 as the State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic, was originally created in 1950 during the communist regime to replace the "Mongol Internationale". The music was composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Lubhsanjambiin Mördorj, and the lyrics were written by Tsendiin Damdinsüren.

The Internationale
"The Internationale" is an international anthem that has been adopted as the anthem of various anarchist, communist, socialist and social democratic movements. It has been a standard of the socialist movement since the late nineteenth century, when the Second International adopted it as its official anthem. The title arises from the "First International", an alliance of workers, which held a congress in 1864. The author of the anthem's lyrics, Eugène Pottier, a member of the French branch of the organisation, attended this congress. Pottier's text was later set to an original melody composed by Pierre De Geyter, a member of the Parti ouvrier français (French Workers Party) in Lille in industrial northern France.
Cnidochloa
Cnidochloa is a genus of grasses. It includes a single species, Cnidochloa longipedicellata, a perennial or rhizomatous geophyte native to southern and southeastern Brazil. It flowers from December to May.

It grows along forest margins and in forest clearings from 700 to 1400 meters elevation in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Parana, and Santa Catarina.

The species was first described as Panicum longipedicellatum in 1966 by Jason Richard Swallen. In 2020 Fernando Omar Zuloaga placed the species in a new monotypic genus as Cnidochloa longipedicellata, based on morphological, anatomical, and phylogenetic characteristics. It is distinguished from other species in subtribe Paniceae by an upper glume which is as long as the spikelet, absent lower palea and lower flower, conspicuous papillae covering the whole surface of the upper anthecium, and lemma with flat margins over the palea.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Léo Laporte-Blairsy
Léo Laporte-Blairsy (1865-1923) was a French sculptor.

Œuvres de Léo Laporte-Blairsy

L'Épave (1907), musée des beaux-arts de Nantes.

Le Réveil de Morphée (1894), Toulouse, musée des Augustins.

Le Faubourg Matabiau (1900), Toulouse, parc Michelet.

Allégorie de la sculpture 1896Toulouse School of Fine Arts

Aux jeux floraux ou La Poésie romane (1910), Toulouse

Fine Arts Museum of Nantes
The Fine Arts Museum of Nantes (French: Musée d'Arts de Nantes), along with 14 other provincial museums, was created, by consular decree on 14 Fructidor in year IX (31 August 1801). Today the museum is one of the largest museums in the region.

The facades, roof and stairs in the building that houses the art collections have been registered as historical monuments since 29 October 1975.

On 18 December 2011, the museum closed its doors for what was initially expected to be two years at most, to carry out extension expansion work. Due to problems associate with the discovery of ground water in the foundations, which required almost four years of additional work, the reopening of the entire building (renamed the "Art Museum of Nantes") was postponed until 23 June 2017.
Ambodiriana, Antanifotsy
Ambodiriana is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antanifotsy, which is a part of Vakinankaratra Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 15,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are vegetables, maize, cassava and potatoes.  Services provide employment for 1% of the population.

Vakinankaratra
Vakinankaratra is a region in central Madagascar. The capital of the region is Antsirabe. It's one of the four regions of the Antananarivo Province. Vakinankaratra covers an area of 16,599 kilometres (10,314 miles), and had a population of 2,074,358 in 2018.
George Nicholas Speal
George Nicholas Speal, QC (1932 – December 27, 2008) was a lawyer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He served as mayor of Kingston from 1973 to 1976.

He was born in Kingston, the son of Greek immigrants, and was educated at Kingston Collegiate, Queen's University and Osgoode Hall Law School. Speal was called to the Ontario bar in 1958. In 1974, he was named Queen's Counsel. During his term as mayor, the Portsmouth Olympic Harbour was redeveloped to host sailing events for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the annual tradition of the Mayor's Levee at Kingston City Hall on New Year's Day was established. He ran unsuccessfully for the Kingston and the Islands seat in the Canadian House of Commons as a Liberal in 1984, losing to Flora MacDonald.

He died at home in Kingston in 2008.

Osgoode Hall Law School
Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is home to the Law Commission of Ontario, the Journal of Law and Social Policy, and the Osgoode Hall Law Journal. A variety of J.D. LL.M. and Ph.D. degrees in law are available. Osgoode is widely considered to be one of the top law schools in Canada, ranking second in the country according to the most recent rankings by Maclean.

The law school's alumni include two Canadian prime ministers, four Attorneys General, eight premiers of Ontario, four Mayors of Toronto, eleven Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, four of whom were Chief Justices, and one Academy Award nominee. The current dean of the law school is Trevor C.W. Farrow.
Grangemouth TMD
Grangemouth TMD was a traction maintenance depot located in Grangemouth, Scotland. The depot was situated on the Edinburgh to Dunblane Line and was near Falkirk Grahamston station.

The depot code is GM.

Falkirk Grahamston railway station
Falkirk Grahamston railway station is one of two railway stations serving the town of Falkirk in Scotland. It is located on the Edinburgh to Dunblane Line and also the Cumbernauld Line. Train services are provided by ScotRail. The "Highland Chieftain", the daily London North Eastern Railway service from London King's Cross to Inverness and vice versa also calls here.

Falkirk is also served by the railway station at Falkirk High.
Louis Proulx
Louis Proulx (October 29, 1751 – March 3, 1838) was a seigneur, businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. His surname also sometimes appears as Proust or Prou.

He was born in Nicolet in 1751, the son of a farmer. He was involved in the sale of grain and trading cattle and also became owner of a ship. He also invested in property, acquiring the seigneuries of La Lussodière and Saint-François. In 1784, he married Marie-Anne Brassard, the daughter of a local wealthy farmer. Proulx was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Buckingham in 1804.

He died at Nicolet in 1838.

His daughter Marie-Anne married surveyor François Legendre who also represented Buckingham in the assembly. His nephew Jean-Baptiste Proulx also represented the same area in the assembly.

Nicolet, Quebec
Nicolet (French pronunciation: [nikɔlɛ(t)]) is the county seat of Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2016 Census was 8,169. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet.

The residents of the town pronounce the final "t" in Nicolet, but people outside of the region do not.
4-Chloromercuribenzoic acid
4-Chloromercuribenzoic acid (p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, PCMB) is an organomercury compound that is used as a protease inhibitor, especially in molecular biology applications.

PCMB reacts with thiol groups in proteins and is therefore an inhibitor of enzymes that are dependent on thiol reactivity, including cysteine proteases such as papain and acetylcholinesterase.  Because of this reactivity with thiols, PCMB is also used in titrimetric quantification of thiol groups in proteins.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Bni Bounsar
Bni Bounsar is a small town and rural commune in Al Hoceïma Province of the Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8112 people living in 1123 households.

Al Hoceïma Province
El Hoceïma (Arabic: الحسيمة) is a province in the region of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco. Its population in 2014 was 399,654.

The major cities and towns are:

Ait Kamra

Ajdir

Al Hoceima

Bni Bouayach

Bni Boufrah

Bni Hadifa

Imzouren

Issaguen

Tamassint

Targuist
Gurcharan
Gurcharan is an Indian given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Gurcharan Das (born 1943), Indian author, commentator and public intellectual

Gurcharan Das Mehta (1885–1975), Indian guru

Gurcharan Kaur (born 1936), Indian politician

Gurcharan Pohli (born 1942), Indian actor and singer

Gurcharan Rampuri (1929–2018), Canadian poet

Gurcharan Singh (disambiguation), multiple people

Gurcharan Virk (c. 1968–2016), Punjabi writer, director, lyricist and producer

Gurcharan Das Mehta
Gurcharan Das Mehta (20 December 1885 – 17 February 1975), commonly known as Param Guru Mehta Ji Maharaj, was the Sixth Revered Sant Satguru of the Radhasoami Faith or  Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh .
He was the spiritual head of Radhasoami Satsang Sabha from 1938 to 1975 .
André Berger
André Léon Georges Chevalier Berger (born July 30, 1942) is a Belgian climatologist and professor from Acoz. He is best known for his significant contribution to the renaissance and further development of the astronomical theory of paleoclimates and as a cited pioneer of the interdisciplinary study of climate dynamics and history.

Precession
Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body. In an appropriate reference frame it can be defined as a change in the first Euler angle, whereas the third Euler angle defines the rotation itself. In other words, if the axis of rotation of a body is itself rotating about a second axis, that body is said to be precessing about the second axis. A motion in which the second Euler angle changes is called nutation. In physics, there are two types of precession: torque-free and torque-induced.

In astronomy, precession refers to any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters. An important example is the steady change in the orientation of the axis of rotation of the Earth, known as the precession of the equinoxes.
Patrick Durcan (politician)
Patrick Durcan (born 1951) is an Irish former District Court judge and Fine Gael politician.

Durcan was born in Westport, County Mayo in 1951, and was educated at University College Dublin. He worked as a solicitor from 1973 and sat as a member of Mayo County Council from 1979 to 2004, and also as a member of Westport town council.

Durcan stood for Dáil Éireann as the running mate of future Taoiseach Enda Kenny in Mayo West at the 1981, February 1982, November 1982 and 1987 general elections, but was unsuccessful on each occasion.

He served as a senator in Seanad Éireann from 1983 to 1987. Durcan was nominated by Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald. He was appointed a district judge in November 2011, and retired in May 2021.

District Court (Ireland)
The District Court (Irish: An Chúirt Dúiche)  is the lowest court in the Irish court system and the main court of summary jurisdiction in Ireland. It has responsibility for hearing minor criminal matters, small civil claims, liquor licensing, and certain family law applications. It is also responsible for indicting the accused and sending them forward for trial at the Circuit Court and Central Criminal Court.