hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
My Brother, My Executioner
My Brother, My Executioner is a novel by Filipino author Francisco Sionil José written in Philippine English.  A part of the Rosales Saga - a series of five interconnected fiction novels - My Brother, My Executioner ranks third in terms of chronology, after Po-on (original title: "Dusk") and Tree and before The Pretenders and Mass.  In the United States, My Brother, My Executioner was published as a second part of the book, Don Vicente, together with Tree, another novel which is also a part of José’s Rosales Saga.  Tree is the second novel of the historical saga, before My Brother, My Executioner.  This novel was first published in the Philippines in the early 1970s.

Book series
A book series, or a novel series, is a sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group. Book series can be organized in different ways, such as written by the same author, or marketed as a group by their publisher.
Compagnie Algérienne
The Compagnie Algérienne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi alʒeʁjɛn]), from 1942 to 1948 Compagnie Algérienne de Crédit et de Banque ([kɔ̃paɲi alʒeʁjɛn də kʁedi e də bɑ̃k], "Algerian Credit and Banking Company"), was a significant French bank with operations in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon as well as mainland France. It was formed in 1877 in a restructuring of its predecessor entity, the Société Générale Algérienne ("General Algerian Company"), itself founded in 1865-68. The Compagnie Algérienne eventually merged in 1960 with the Banque de l'Union Parisienne. Following a series of subsequent restructurings, its main successor entities as of 2022 are the Crédit du Nord in France, the Crédit populaire d'Algérie in Algeria, the Banque de Tunisie in Tunisia, Attijariwafa Bank in Morocco, and the Banque Libano-Française in Lebanon.

Sidi Bel Abbès
Sidi Bel Abbès (Arabic: سيدي بلعباس, romanized: Sīdī Bu ’l-ʿAbbās), also called Bel Abbès, is the capital (2005 pop. 200,000) of the Sidi Bel Abbès wilaya (2005 pop. 590,000), Algeria. It is named after Sidi bel Abbass, a Muslim marabout or noble man who is buried there. The city is the commercial center of an important area of vineyards, market gardens, orchards, and grain fields. It was formerly surrounded by a wall with four gates, and today is home to a university. Sidi Bel Abbès is 75 kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea.
Ren Xiaoping
Ren Xiaoping (Chinese: 任晓平; born 1961) is a Chinese orthopedic surgeon, and is most well-known for being part of the team that achieved the first hand transplant in China.

As of 2016, he was a controversial figure as he announced his intent to perform a human head transplant, an operation that has never been done before. Many criticized Ren, stating that the surgery would be impossible.

Hand transplantation
Hand transplantation, or simply a hand transplant, is a surgical procedure to transplant a hand from one human to another. The donor hand, usually from a brain-dead donor, is transplanted to a recipient amputee. Most hand transplants to date have been performed on below-elbow amputees, although above-elbow transplants are gaining popularity. Hand transplants were the first of a new category of transplants where multiple organs are transplanted as a single functional unit, now termed vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

The operation is quite extensive and typically lasts from 8 to 12 hours. In comparison, a typical heart transplant operation lasts 6 to 8 hours. Surgeons usually connect the bones first, followed by tendons, arteries, nerves, veins, and skin.
Imidine
In chemistry imidines are a rare functional group, being the nitrogen analogues of anhydrides and imides. They were first reported by Adolf Pinner in 1883, but did not see significant investigation until the 1950s, when Patrick Linstead and John Arthur Elvidge developed a number of compounds.

Imidines may be prepared in a modified Pinner reaction, by passing hydrogen chloride into an alcoholic solution of their corresponding di-nitriles (i.e. succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile) to give imino ethers which then condense when treated with ammonia. As a result, most structures are cyclic.

The compounds are highly moisture sensitive and can be converted into imides upon exposure to water.

Adiponitrile
Adiponitrile is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH2)4(CN)2. This viscous, colourless dinitrile is an important precursor to the polymer nylon 66. In 2005, about one million tonnes of adiponitrile were produced.
Tom Voltaire Okwalinga
Tom Voltaire Okwalinga also known as  TVO  is an anonymous Ugandan and famous social media critique of the Uganda's government.
He has been leaking a series of the Uganda's government secrets through his Facebook account for which he has over 120,000 followers.

In April 2014, he posted a secret tape that implicated the Inspector General of Police (IGP) of the Uganda Police Force then, Kale Kayihura’s attempt to investigate and curtail Amama Mbabazi’s underneath campaign to oust President Museveni in the 2016 presidential elections.

No one knows the true identity of  TVO  including his many followers and Facebook refused to reveal his identity to the Uganda government.

Inspector general
An inspector general is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is "inspectors general".

In some countries, inspector general is also a formal rank or title in civil, police, or military services, where it refers to a senior officer rather than an investigative position. The duties and authority of the role vary by country and organization.
Lavan Island
Lawan Island (Persian: جزیرهٔ لاوان) (traditionally known as hidden pearl island or Sheikh Shoeyb island) is an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf. The 78 square kilometres (30 sq mi) island has one of the four major terminals for export of crude oil in Iran alongside Kharg island. Lavan island sits on top of Lawan gas field, containing 9.5 trillion cubic feet (2.7×1011 cubic metres) of gas. Administratively, the island forms part of the Lawan Rural District in Kish District, Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgan province. The island is served by Lawan Airport.

Orders of magnitude (numbers)
This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order of magnitude, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities, and probabilities. Each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.
Sagada coffee
Sagada coffee, also known as Sagada arabica, is a single-origin coffee varietal grown in Sagada in the Cordillera highlands of the northern Philippines. It belongs to the species Coffea arabica, of the Typica variety.

Coffea arabica
Coffea arabica (/əˈræbɪkə/), also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (C. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. The natural populations of Coffea arabica are restricted to the forests of South Ethiopia and Yemen.
Matrix Business Technologies
Matrix Telecom, Inc., operating as Matrix Business Technologies, Trinsic, Powered by Matrix, Excel Telecommunications and various other niche brands is a United States telecommunications firm that provides voice and data services to consumers and small and medium businesses as well as multi-location distributed enterprise markets (national chains). The firm also provides wholesale voice services to the telecommunications, wireless and cable industries.

Headquartered in Dallas, Texas with operations in Atmore, Alabama Matrix employs approximately 300 people. The company was founded in 1990.

Matrix is licensed as a facilities-based CLEC and long distance calling provider in 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC). In 1995, Matrix was recognized by Inc. Magazine as one of the fastest-growing private companies in the United States ranking #7 in the United States and #1 in the state of Texas and remained on the list the following year.

Platinum Equity
Platinum Equity, LLC is an American private equity investment firm founded by Tom Gores in 1995, headquartered in Beverly Hills, California. The firm focuses on leveraged buyout investments of established companies in the U.S., Europe and Asia.

In June 2024, Platinum Equity ranked 40th on Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking among the world's largest private equity firms.
Ron Weyman
Ronald Charles Tosh Weyman (December 13, 1915 – June 26, 2007) was a British-born Canadian film and television director and producer. A documentary film director for the National Film Board of Canada from 1946 to 1953, and a director and producer of drama television programming for CBC Television from 1954 to 1980, he was most noted as director of the Canadian Film Award-winning documentary film After Prison, What?, and as a producer of The Serial, a CBC drama anthology series which spun off many of Canadian television's most important drama series of the 1960s.

Canadian Film Awards
The Canadian Film Awards were the leading Canadian cinema awards from 1949 until 1978. These honours were conducted annually, except in 1974 when a number of Quebec directors withdrew their participation and prompted a cancellation. In the 1970s, they were sometimes known as the Etrog Awards for sculptor Sorel Etrog, who designed the statuette.

The awards were succeeded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's Genie Awards in 1980. In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its separate Gemini Awards program for television to create the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards.
Conor McBride
Conor McBride (born 18 February 1973) is a reader in the department of Computer and Information Sciences at the University of Strathclyde. In 1999, they completed a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Dependently Typed Functional Programs and their Proofs at the University of Edinburgh for their work in type theory. They formerly worked at Durham University and briefly at Royal Holloway, University of London before joining the academic staff at the University of Strathclyde.

They were involved with developing international standards in programming and informatics, as a member of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi, which specified, maintains, and supports the programming languages ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68.

They favor and often use the language Haskell.

Haskell
Haskell (/ˈhæskəl/) is a general-purpose, statically typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation. Haskell pioneered several programming language features including type classes for type-safe operator overloading and monadic input/output (IO). It is named after logician Haskell Curry. Haskell's main implementation is the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC).

Haskell's semantics are historically based on those of the Miranda programming language, which served to focus the efforts of the initial Haskell working group. The last formal specification of the language was made in July 2010, while the development of GHC continues to expand Haskell via language extensions.

Haskell is used in academia and industry. As of May 2021, Haskell was the 28th most popular programming language by Google searches for tutorials,  and made up less than 1% of active users on the GitHub source code repository.
C.C. Waterback
"C.C. Waterback" is a song recorded by American country music artists Merle Haggard and George Jones. It was released in December 1982 as the second single from the album A Taste of Yesterday's Wine.  The song reached #10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  The song was written by Haggard.

A Taste of Yesterday's Wine
A Taste of Yesterday's Wine is a duet studio album by American country music artists George Jones and Merle Haggard, released in 1982. They are backed by Don Markham and Jimmy Belken of the Strangers. The album includes the song "Silver Eagle", written by Gary Church, also of the Strangers. This was their first album together; their next album together, Kickin' Out the Footlights...Again, did not come until 24 years later in 2006.
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in musical theatre (distinct from incidental music in plays) across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. The award was originally entitled Best Composer, before being renamed to its current title in 1969. The award is often referred to as Outstanding Score of a Musical.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
KYBI
KYBI (100.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country format. Licensed to Lufkin, Texas, United States, the station serves the Lufkin-Nacogdoches area. The station features programming from Citadel Media and Dial Global.

Nacogdoches, Texas
Nacogdoches (/ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɪs/ ⓘ NAK-ə-DOH-chis) is a city in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nacogdoches had a population of 32,147. Stephen F. Austin State University is located in Nacogdoches and specializes in forestry and agriculture. Nacogdoches is also known as "The Oldest Town in Texas". Its sister city is Natchitoches, Louisiana.
2012 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the U.S. representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. A primary election was held on August 28, 2012.

Incumbent Democrat Peter Welch would be re-elected to a fourth term, defeating Republican Mark Donka by nearly 50 points.

Vermont's at-large congressional district
Vermont has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single at-large congressional district since the 1930 census, when the state lost its second seat, obsoleting its 1st and 2nd congressional districts. There were once six districts in Vermont, all of which were eliminated after various censuses.

Bernie Sanders (Independent) held the seat from 1991 until 2007, when he became a U.S. senator. Democrat Peter Welch, who succeeded Sanders in 2007, represented the state until 2023, when he was elected to succeed Patrick Leahy in the Senate. Progressive Democrat Becca Balint was elected to succeed Welch in the House for the 118th Congress. Balint is the first woman and LGBT person to represent Vermont, making Vermont the last state to be represented in Congress by a woman.
Grellingen
Grellingen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. Grellingen is first mentioned in 1274 as Grellingen. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale, Argent a Crozier Gules, Azure a Bar fleury Argent. Grellingen sits on the Basel–Biel/Bienne line and is served by local trains at Grellingen.

Laufen District
Laufen District or Laufental District (French: District de Laufon) is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Laufen.

Prior to 1994, it was a district of the canton of Bern, one of the seven historical districts of the Bernese Jura.  In 1979, three neighbouring French-speaking districts of Bern seceded to form the new canton of Jura. Laufen was left as an exclave of Bern, wedged between Jura, Solothurn, Basel-Country, and France. In 1989, the populace voted to secede from Bern and join Basel-Country. After a transitional period of preparation, this was effected in 1994.

It had a population of 20,524 (as of 30 June 2021).
Amel Melih
Amel Melih (Arabic: آمال مليح; born 6 October 1993) is an Algerian swimmer. She represented Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Her time of 25.77 in the women's 50m freestyle was not enough to advance out of the heats and she finished in 35th place overall. She finished 39th overall in the women's 100m freestyle with a time of 56.65. She was the flag bearer for Algeria during the opening ceremony along with Mohamed Flissi.

She represented Algeria at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria.

Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 50 metre freestyle
The women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held from 30 July to 1 August 2021 at the Olympic Aquatics Centre. It was the event's ninth consecutive appearance, having been held at every edition since 1988.
5,6-MDO-MiPT
5,6-MDO-MiPT, or 5,6-methylenedioxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine, is a lesser-known chemical compound of the tryptamine family. It is the 5,6-methylenedioxy derivative of methylisopropyltryptamine (MiPT) and an analogue of 5-MeO-MiPT. In his 1991 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin lists the dose range as greater than 50 mg orally and its duration as unknown. The drug produced few to no effects, with effects including parasthesia and lightheadedness, at doses of up to 75 mg orally. Its chemical synthesis has been described. 5,6-MDO-MiPT was first described in the scientific literature by 1982.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
David March (actor)
David March (18 February 1925, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire – 25 August 1999, London) was an English actor who had a prominent career on British radio from 1953 until his death 45 years later. He also appeared on London's West End and other major British theaters during the mid 20th century, but eschewed theatre for radio and television after 1964. In 1985, he received the Radio Academy Award for Best Radio Actor for his performance in a dramatisation of Mr Norris Changes Trains. He also periodically appeared In British television, beginning with several filmed productions of William Shakespeare's plays for television during the 1940s. His television credits include appearances on Doctor Who, The Benny Hill Show, The Morecambe & Wise Show, The Power Game.The First Churchills, The Basil Brush Show and The Onedin Line among others.

The Basil Brush Show
The Basil Brush Show is a British children's television sitcom series, starring the glove puppet fox Basil Brush. It was produced for six series by The Foundation, airing on CBBC from 27 September 2002 to 25 December 2007. The show is a spin-off from the original 1960s–1970s BBC television series, but without any of the original cast.
Global Warming Hoax of 1874
The "Global Warming Hoax of 1874" refers to a piece of fictitious writing, submitted to the editor of the Kansas City Times by an individual named L.B. Legendre.  The column, titled A Scientific Sensation, claims Giovanni Donati, a 19th-century astronomer, discovered that the transatlantic telegraph cable was causing the Earth to be pulled towards the Sun, and issues a warning that in twelve years there would be a dramatic increase in temperature, causing the extinction of all life on Earth.

Kansas City Times
The Kansas City Times was a morning newspaper in Kansas City, Missouri, published from 1867 to 1990. The morning Kansas City Times, under ownership of the afternoon Kansas City Star, won two Pulitzer Prizes and was bigger than its parent when it was renamed Kansas City Star.
Cecil Staton
Cecil Pope Staton Jr. (born January 26, 1958) is an American politician and academic administrator. He served as the Chancellor of East Carolina University from 2016 to 2019. Previously, Staton served as Interim President of Valdosta State University (2015–2016) and as Vice Chancellor for Extended Education with the University System of Georgia (2014–2016).

Staton served five terms as an elected official in the U.S. state of Georgia. He was a member of the Republican Party and served in the Georgia State Senate representing the 18th district, which includes portions of Bibb, Houston, Monroe, Jones, and Crawford counties. In the newly drawn maps approved by the United States Justice Department on December 23, 2011, the 18th District added Peach and Upson counties, but no longer included Jones County. The new map was in use for the 2012 and 2014 elections.

Furman University
Furman University is a private university in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1826 and named after Baptist pastor Richard Furman, the liberal arts university is the oldest private institution of higher learning in South Carolina. It became a secular university in 1992, while keeping Christo et Doctrinae (For Christ and Learning) as its motto. As of Fall 2021, it enrolls approximately 2,300 undergraduate students and 150 graduate students on its 750-acre (304 ha) campus.
McKissic
McKissic is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dwight McKissic (born 1958), American Southern Baptist minister

J. D. McKissic (born 1993), American football player

Shaquielle McKissic (born 1990), American-Azerbaijani basketball player

William Dwight McKissic, Sr. (b. 1958), Southern Baptist minister in Arlington, Texas

J. D. McKissic
Joshua Dobbie McKissic (born August 15, 1993), is an American former professional football running back. He played college football for the Arkansas State Red Wolves, setting the Sun Belt Conference record for most career receptions with 289. McKissic signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in after the 2016 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks, Detroit Lions, and Washington Football Team / Commanders.