hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viliuisk encephalomyelitis
Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a fatal progressive neurological disorder found only in the Sakha (Iakut/Yakut) population of central Siberia. About 15 new cases are reported each year. VE is a very rare disease and little research has been conducted. The causative agents, origin of the disease, and involved candidate genes are currently unknown, but much research has been done in pursuit of the answers.
Those inflicted with the disease survive for a period of only a few months to several years. VE follows three main courses of infection: an acute form, a sub-acute form subsiding into a progressive form, and a chronic form. Initially, the infected patients experience symptoms such as: severe headaches, delirium, lethargy, meningism, bradykinesia, and incoordination. A small percentage of patients die during the acute phase as result of a severe coma. In all cases the disease is fatal.

Lethargy
Lethargy is a state of tiredness, sleepiness, weariness, fatigue, sluggishness, or lack of energy. It can be accompanied by depression, decreased motivation, or apathy. Lethargy can be a normal response to inadequate sleep, overexertion, overworking, stress, lack of exercise, improper nutrition, drug abuse, boredom, or a symptom of an underlying illness or disorder. It may also be a side effect of medication or caused by an interaction between medications and alcohol. It may also be an altered level of consciousness.

When part of a normal response, lethargy often resolves with rest, adequate sleep, decreased stress, physical exercise, and good nutrition. Its symptoms, however, can last days or even months, so it can be a sign of a recent underlying illness or infection if it does not resolve normally.
Wilbur Sampson
Wilbur Patey Sampson (16 September 1914 – 28 April 1958) was an Australian composer, conductor and musician active from the mid-1930s. Sampson wrote music for a number of movies produced in the 1940s and 1950s starring Chips Rafferty or Charles Tingwell, including Always Another Dawn, Into the Straight, King of the Coral Sea and Smiley Gets a Gun.

Chips Rafferty
John William Pilbean Goffage MBE (26 March 1909 – 27 May 1971), known professionally as Chips Rafferty, was an Australian actor. Called "the living symbol of the typical Australian", Rafferty's career stretched from the late 1930s until he died in 1971, and during this time he performed regularly in major Australian feature films such as Wake in Fright, as well as appearing in British and American productions, including The Overlanders and The Sundowners. He appeared in commercials in Britain during the late 1950s, encouraging British emigration to Australia.
6th Motor Brigade (Australia)
The 6th Motor Brigade was a militia formation of the Australian Army, which was formed during World War II. Formed in February 1942 from the previously existing 6th Cavalry Brigade, the brigade undertook defensive duties in Victoria before being converted into an armoured formation in May 1942.

2nd Armoured Division (Australia)
The 2nd Armoured Division was an armoured formation of the Australian Army during World War II. Originally raised in 1921 as the 2nd Cavalry Division, based in Victoria and South Australia, the formation had been converted into a motor division in early 1942, before adopting the armoured designation later in the year. A Militia formation, the division undertook garrison duties in Australia and did not see combat before being disbanded in mid-1943.
Life Is Show Time
"Life Is Show Time" (stylized as "Life is SHOW TIME") is the debut solo single of Golden Bomber vocalist Shō Kiryūin (credited as "Shō Kiryūin from Golden Bomber"). It serves as the opening theme song to the 2012 Kamen Rider Series Kamen Rider Wizard. In recording the song, Kiryūin stated that he felt closer to being like his idol Gackt, who performed a previous Kamen Rider Series' theme song in 2009. The single had 4 editions released: a standard CD release, a standard DVD release containing the music video, and two additional limited edition DVD releases subtitled "Oni" (鬼; "Demon) and "Ikusa" (戦; "War) which include edited versions of the music video.

Kamen Rider Decade
Kamen Rider Decade (仮面ライダーディケイド, Kamen Raidā Dikeido) is a Japanese television show and the 2009 installment of the long-running Kamen Rider series of tokusatsu dramas. Decade, as its title suggests, is the tenth anniversary series of Kamen Rider's Heisei era, and the final installment of its first phase. It began broadcasting the week following the finale of Kamen Rider Kiva and was featured in Super Hero Time alongside the 2009 edition of the Super Sentai series, Samurai Sentai Shinkenger. Kamen Rider Zi-O, the last Heisei-era series, broadcast in 2018–2019, acts as a spiritual sequel, where both Decade and Diend play prominent roles as re-occurring side characters who are directly involved in that series's plotline.
Arnold Berk
Arnold J. Berk is an American professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was a member of the Molecular Biology Institute, a division of University of California, Los Angeles. He was one of the discoverers of RNA splicing. His work focuses on gene regulation in DNA viruses. In 1998 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2003, he received a MERIT Award from the National Cancer Institute. He authored editions 3 through 10 of the influential basic textbook Molecular Cell Biology published by Macmillan.

National Institutes of Health MERIT Award
The NIH MERIT award (Method To Extend Research in Time) Award (R37) was created by the National Institutes of Health in 1986. 
It is designed to provide stable, long-term funding support to outstanding, experienced investigators whose productivity is superior and who are deemed highly likely to continue to perform their research activities in an outstanding manner. The MERIT award provided funding for 5 years and could be renewed for up to 10 years. Unlike most NIH grant awards, the MERIT award cannot be applied for by the investigator. Researchers submitting an R01 that receives a fundable score are considered for the award. In 2018, the NIH began awarding MERIT awards to "Early Stage Investigators", who are in the first 10 years of their career.
PB2 E627K mutation
The PB2 E627K mutation in the viral polymerase of H5N1 (colloquially known as bird flu) allows for interaction with the mammalian gene ANP32A for optimal viral replication. Such host switching can be of grave public health concern. It was first noted in the scientific literature in February 2014, and emerged in the then-novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade in 2020. Host adaptation has been noted as being "rapid"; the most recent outbreak was posited to be in San Bernardino County, California dairy cow herds in March 2025.

Viruses portal

Medicine portal

Polymerase
In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or half ladder replication.

A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7), is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.

A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.
Jetboard (Hydroflight Sports)
In hydroflight sports, a jetboard is a device that uses water propulsion as its means of flying above the surface of any body of water. In jetboarding, the athlete is standing in wakeboard-style boots/bindings which are attached to a board or independent base plates with jets extending downward from under the feet. The aim in jetboarding is to perform tricks such as dolphin dives, spins and backflips (even multiples), and combinations of two or more tricks.

Competitive jetboarding began in 2012 with the first Flyboard World Cup, a freestyle trick jetboard competition in which athletes are critiqued by a panel of judges. The world's first open competitive event for hydroflight jetboards, Session One, was held at LTS Training school in Pompano Beach Florida in 2016.

Pompano Beach, Florida
Pompano Beach (/ˈpɒmpənoʊ/ POM-pə-noh) is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, just north of Fort Lauderdale and 36 miles north of Miami. The nearby Hillsboro Inlet forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to 6.14 million people in 2020. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,046, making it the sixth-largest city in Broward County, the ninth-largest city in the South Florida metropolitan area, and the 20th-largest city in Florida.

Pompano Beach Airpark, located within the city, is the home of the Goodyear Blimp Spirit of Innovation.
Kampli Assembly constituency
Kampli Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India.

It is part of Ballari district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

Karnataka Legislative Assembly
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).

There are 224 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected  through adult franchise. Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
Osman Nusairi
Osman Nusairi is a playwright and award-winning translator of Sudanese origin. He has translated two Arabic novels into English - Nawal el-Saadawi's Two Women in One (1985; co-translator with Jana Gough) and Reem Bassiouney's The Pistachio Seller (2009). The latter work won the Arkansas Arabic Translation Award in 2009.

He worked as a theatre director in the Sudanese National Theatre and as a Lecturer of Drama at Khartoum Institute of Music and Drama in 1978, having studied Theatre Direction at East 15 Acting School and University College, Cardiff University.

East 15 Acting School
East 15 Acting School, sometimes known simply as East 15, is a drama school based in Essex, England. It provides vocational training in acting, specialist performance disciplines, theatre directing, stage management, and creative producing. The school was established in 1961 by Margaret Bury, a member of Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop. Since 2000, its degrees are conferred by the University of Essex.
Igors Korabļovs
Igors Korabļovs (born 23 November 1974 in Riga) is a Latvian football defender, currently playing for FB Gulbene-2005 in the Latvian Higher League. He is also working as the manager of the club.

Korabļovs has previously played for clubs like FK Daugava Riga, FK Ventspils and FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih. He played his first match for Latvia in 1998 and participated at Euro 2004.

Latvian Higher League
Latvian Higher League or Virslīga, also known as TonyBet Virslīga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Latvia and the highest level of the Latvian football league system. Organised by the Latvian Football Federation, the league is contested by ten clubs.
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996
The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 (SI 1996/341) specify the safety signs within Great Britain; Northern Ireland has a similar law, the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1996 (SI 1996/119). It was issued as a transposition of the European directive 92/58/EEC and replaced the Safety Signs Regulations 1980 (SI 1980/1471). They consist of "traditional safety signs", such as prohibitory and warning signs, along with hand signals, spoken and acoustic signals, and hazard marking.

Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the United Nations that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around the world. Core elements of the GHS include standardized hazard testing criteria, universal warning pictograms, and safety data sheets which provide users of dangerous goods relevant information with consistent organization. The system acts as a complement to the UN numbered system of regulated hazardous material transport. Implementation is managed through the UN Secretariat. Although adoption has taken time, as of 2017, the system has been enacted to significant extents in most major countries of the world. This includes the European Union, which has implemented the United Nations' GHS into EU law as the CLP Regulation, and United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards.
Mark Otway
Mark Anthony Otway (9 October 1931 – 2014) was a New Zealand tennis player. Born in Takapuna in 1931, Otway was educated at Takapuna Grammar School, and then, from 1946 to 1948, Mount Albert Grammar School. He competed at Wimbledon on eight occasions between 1954 and 1965, and once at the Australian Championships, in 1951. He represented New Zealand in seven Davis Cup ties between 1954 and 1961.

He won the Northern Lawn Tennis Singles Championship in 1960 and was runner-up in the singles at the Surrey Grass Court Championships in 1962.

Takapuna Grammar School
Takapuna Grammar School is a state coeducational secondary school located in the suburb of Belmont on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. Established in 1927, the school mainly serves the eponymous suburb of Takapuna and the entire Devonport Peninsula.  A total of 2,183 students from Years 9 to 13 (ages 12 to 18) attend the school as of October 2025.
Honda Dream CB250
The Honda Dream CB250 was a standard motorcycle made by Honda in 1968 and 1969 and sold only in Japan. It had a 249 cc (15.2 cu in) air-cooled, parallel twin, SOHC, four-stroke with a claimed 30 horsepower (22 kW) at 10,500 rpm. It was Honda's first 250 cc capacity motorcycle with vertical cylinders, and a 5-speed transmission.

Air-cooled engine
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator, coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.

Air-cooled engines are widely seen in applications where weight or simplicity is the primary goal. Their simplicity makes them suited for uses in small applications like chainsaws and lawn mowers, as well as small generators and similar roles. These qualities also make them highly suitable for aviation use, where they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common on motorcycles.
XTEA
In cryptography, XTEA (eXtended TEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in TEA. The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory, and the algorithm was presented in an unpublished technical report in 1997 (Needham and Wheeler, 1997). It is not subject to any patents.

Like TEA, XTEA is a 64-bit block Feistel cipher with a 128-bit key and a suggested 64 rounds. Several differences from TEA are apparent, including a somewhat more complex key-schedule and a rearrangement of the shifts, XORs, and additions.

Key schedule
In cryptography, the so-called product ciphers are a certain kind of cipher, where the (de-)ciphering of data is typically done as an iteration of rounds.  The setup for each round is generally the same, except for round-specific fixed values called a round constant, and round-specific data derived from the cipher key called a round key.  A key schedule is an algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key.
Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.

Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
WF postcode area
The WF postcode area, also known as the Wakefield postcode area, is a group of 17 postcode districts in north-east England, which are subdivisions of eleven post towns. These cover much of southern and eastern West Yorkshire (including Wakefield, Pontefract, Dewsbury, Batley, Castleford, Heckmondwike, Knottingley, Liversedge, Mirfield, Normanton and Ossett), plus small parts of South and North Yorkshire.

Normanton, West Yorkshire
Normanton is a town in the civil parish of Normanton and Altofts, in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. It is north-east of Wakefield and south-west of Castleford.  The civil parish extends west and north to the River Calder, and includes the large village of Altofts.  At the time of the 2011 Census, the population of the civil parish was 20,872.

The Normanton ward of the Wakefield City Council does not include Altofts, but includes the civil parish of Warmfield cum Heath to the south-west of Normanton.  The ward had a population of 16,220 in 2011.

Normanton is home to the amateur rugby league Normanton Knights club in the National Conference League.
Granite Point, Maine
Granite Point, Maine is a coastal residential neighborhood of Biddeford, Maine located on the border of the town of Kennebunkport (bounded by the Little River). It is approximately 85 miles north of Boston, Massachusetts.

Granite Point is a common site for the release of seals who have been rescued from New England beaches and rehabilitated at the University of New England in Biddeford, and the New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts.

New England Aquarium
The New England Aquarium is a nonprofit organization and public aquarium located in Boston, Massachusetts. The species exhibited include harbor and northern fur seals, California sea lions, African and southern rockhopper penguins, giant Pacific octopuses, weedy seadragons, and thousands of saltwater and freshwater fishes. In addition to the main aquarium building, attractions at Central Wharf include the Simons Theatre and the New England Aquarium Whale Watch. More than 1.3 million guests visited the aquarium each year prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life at the New England Aquarium conducts long-running research on the North Atlantic right whale, and its Quincy Animal Care Center rescues and rehabilitates hundreds of sea turtles annually.
Encephalartos ituriensis
Encephalartos ituriensis (common name Ituri Forest cycad) is a palm-like cycad of the family Zamiaceae. It is native to the grassland on two large granite monadnocks of the Ituri forest area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its IUCN conservation status is "Near Threatened."

Inselberg
An inselberg or monadnock (/məˈnædnɒk/ mə-NAD-nok) is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain.
If the inselberg is dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss, it can also be called a bornhardt, though not all bornhardts are inselbergs. An inselberg results when a body of rock resistant to erosion, such as granite, occurring within a body of softer rocks, is exposed by differential erosion and lowering of the surrounding landscape.
Little Brampton
Little Brampton is a hamlet in south Shropshire, England.

It is located between Purslow and Aston on Clun, and is on the border of the civil parishes of Clunbury and Hopesay.

Little Brampton is situated on a notable crossroads in the Clun valley, where the B4385 (from Lydbury North) and B4368 (running between Clun and Craven Arms) roads meet, as well as the lane down to the village of Clunbury. The crossroads is at an elevation of 167 metres (548 ft). The River Kemp flows just to the south of the hamlet; the Clun flows further south near Clunbury.

The road that runs from Little Brampton to the centre of Bishop's Castle (a section of the B4385) is named "Brampton Road".

There is a tea room called The Old Wheelwrights at the crossroads.

By the crossroads is an ornamental road direction sign for local destinations.

Teahouse
A teahouse or tearoom (also tea room) is an establishment which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments. A tea room may be a room set aside in a hotel, especially for serving afternoon tea, or may be an establishment that only serves cream tea. Although the function of a tea room may vary according to the circumstance or country, tea houses often serve as centers of social interaction, like coffee houses.

Some cultures have a variety of distinct tea-centered establishments of different types, depending on the national tea culture. For example, the British or American tea room serves afternoon tea with a variety of small snacks.
Léon Grosse
Léon Grosse is a French civil engineering and construction firm. It is one of the leading actors on the French market, with a turnover of 720 M€ in 2014 and 2,300 employees.
The company was founded by Léon Grosse in 1881 in Aix-Les-Bains and has remained a family-owned company since.
It operates in France and its DOM-TOM.

The firm has delivered some prestigious projects such as the Stade Jean Bouin in Paris, the Satellite S4 of Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, the tower of the European Parliament in Strasbourg or the TGV station of Lyon Saint-Exupéry Airport.

Lyon-Saint-Exupéry TGV station
Lyon Saint-Exupéry TGV station (formerly Gare de Satolas TGV) is a railway station near Lyon, France, directly attached to Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport. The station was built as an addition to the airport to serve TGV trains on the LGV Rhône-Alpes, part of the main line running from Paris Gare de Lyon to Marseille Saint-Charles. It is situated about 20 km east of Lyon city centre.

A rail link to La Part-Dieu (main railway station and business district) in central Lyon is provided by the Rhônexpress tram-train line with a 30-minute journey.