hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SYTOX
SYTOX (also known as SYTOX Green) is a high-affinity nucleic acid stain developed by Molecular Probes.  Because the stain only penetrates cells with compromised plasma membranes, it can be used to investigate antibacterial mechanism of action and confirm loss of bacterial viability. It can be used for live cell imaging of bacteria.

SYBR Safe, SYBR Green, PicoGreen, SYTO-16, SYTO-9 and TOPhBu all can be used to detect DNA at low concentrations was evaluated using two new metrics, absolute fluorescence enhancement (AFE) and relativefluorescence enhancement (RFE).

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
Nikita Zakharov
Nikita Zakharov (born (1987-06-14)14 June 1987 in Dmitrov) is a Russian bobsledder.

Zakharov competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Russia. He teamed with Nikolay Khrenkov, Petr Moiseev and Maxim Mokrousov in the Russia-3 sled in the four-man event, finishing 15th.

As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 11th, coming in the four-man event in 2012.

Zakharov made his World Cup debut in December 2012. As of April 2014, his best World Cup finish is 8th, in a four-man event at Winterberg in 2013-14.

2013–14 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2013–14 Bobsleigh World Cup was a multi-race tournament over the winter season for bobsleigh, organised by the FIBT, which also organised in parallel the 2013–14 Skeleton World Cup. The season started on 30 November 2013 in Calgary, Canada, and ended on 26 January 2014 in Königssee, Germany.
Battle of Halys
The Battle of Halys (also known as the Battle of Halys River) took place in 82 BC, during the Second Mithridatic War. Roman general Lucius Licinius Murena became very overconfident while campaigning against Pontus and ignored orders to cease operations there. He commanded two legions (the infamous Fimbrians). Murena launched two raids into Pontic territory. After receiving orders from the Senate not to continue the war, Murena launched a third raid, beginning the Second Mithridatic War. At Halys River, the Romans spared a small Pontic army under general Gordius for too long. Gordius waited until King Mithradates VI arrived himself with the main Pontic army. The Romans were very ill-prepared for the battle. The combined Pontic army attacked the Roman forces on the opposite side of the river. The Mithridatic troops eventually forced their way across, forcing the Romans to retreat. Eventually in 81 BC Lucius Cornelius Sulla restored peace between Rome and Pontus.

Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯzɯlɯrmak], Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς) and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.
Merci Suárez Changes Gears
Merci Suárez Changes Gears is a 2018 children's book (based on a short story from Flying Lessons and Other Stories) written by Meg Medina. Mercedes "Merci" Suárez, the eponymous heroine, is a sixth grade scholarship student at an elite private school in South Florida. The novel details her struggles at school and home. The novel was awarded the 2019 Newbery Medal.

South Florida
South Florida, sometimes colloquially shortened to SoFlo, is the southernmost region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is one of Florida's three most commonly referred to directional regions; the two others are Central Florida and North Florida. South Florida is the southernmost part of the continental United States and the only region of the continental U.S. that includes some areas with a tropical climate.

South Florida is dominated by the Miami metropolitan area and the Everglades. It also contains the Florida Keys; three U.S. national parks: Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades; and multiple cities.
Leptocleididae
Leptocleididae is a family of small-sized plesiosaurs that lived during the Early Cretaceous period (early Berriasian to early Albian stage). They had small bodies with small heads and short necks. Leptocleidus and Umoonasaurus had round bodies and triangle-shaped heads. Leptocleidids have been found in what were shallow nearshore, freshwater and brackish habitats. Hilary F. Ketchum and Roger B. J. Benson (2010), transferred Brancasaurus, Kaiwhekea, Nichollssaura and Thililua to this family. However, Ketchum and Benson (2011) reassigned Kaiwhekea and Thililua to their original positions, as an elasmosaurid and a polycotylid, respectively.

Berriasian
In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age or stage of the Early Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been estimated to span the time between 143.1 ± 0.6 and 137.05 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Berriasian succeeds the Tithonian (part of the Jurassic) and precedes the Valanginian.
Salt River (Arizona)
The Salt River (Spanish: Río Salado, O'odham [Pima]: Onk Akimel, Yavapai: Hakanyacha or Hakathi:, Maricopa language: Va Shly'ay) is a river in Gila and Maricopa counties in Arizona, United States, that is the largest tributary of the Gila River. The river is about 200 miles (320 km) long. Its drainage basin covers about 13,700 square miles (35,000 km2). The longest of the Salt River's many tributaries is the 195-mile (314 km) Verde River. The Salt's headwaters tributaries, the Black River and East Fork, increase the river's total length to about 300 miles (480 km). The name Salt River comes from the river's course over large salt deposits shortly after the merging of the White and Black Rivers.

Gila County, Arizona
Gila County (/ˈhiːlə/ HEE-lə) is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,272. The county seat is Globe.

Gila County comprises the Payson, Arizona micropolitan statistical area which is included in the greater Phoenix–Mesa, AZ combined statistical area.

Gila County contains parts of Fort Apache Indian Reservation and San Carlos Indian Reservation.
2016 League of Ireland Cup final
The 2016 League of Ireland Cup final was the final match of the 2016 League of Ireland Cup, played between Limerick and defending champions St Patrick's Athletic. The match was played on 17 September 2016 at 5.30 pm. Limerick's route to the final involved them beating fellow First Division side Cobh Ramblers, before beating Premier Division sides Wexford Youths, Galway United and Derry City. St Pat's however were drawn away from home in every round as they knocked out Dundalk, Bray Wanderers and Shamrock Rovers en route to the final. Limerick lead at half time thanks to a terrific Lee Lynch strike but Pats hit back in the second half and equalised through Christy Fagan 20 minutes into the half. The game had a dramatic final 6 minutes as the Saints scored 3 goals through Conan Byrne, Jamie McGrath and Graham Kelly to retain the trophy.

Jamie McGrath
Jamie Terence McGrath (born 30 September 1996) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger for Scottish Premiership club Hibernian, and the Republic of Ireland national team. He started his career with St Patrick's Athletic and has since played for Dundalk, St Mirren, Wigan Athletic, Dundee United and Aberdeen.
Tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase
The enzyme tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.40) catalyzes the chemical reaction

D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate  glycerone phosphate + Dglyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming). This enzyme is also called D-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate triosephosphate lyase.  This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism.

Galactose
Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose,  sometimes abbreviated Gal), is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar.  It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically an aldohexose.  In terms of structure, it is a C-4 epimer of glucose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is about 80‍–‍90% as sweet as glucose and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
St Luke's Church, Winmarleigh
St Luke's Church is in the village of Winmarleigh, Lancashire, England. It is an active Church of England parish church in the Diocese of Blackburn, the archdeaconry of Lancaster, and the deanery of Lancaster and Morecambe. The church was built in 1875–1876 by Paley and Austin, and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Winmarleigh
Winmarleigh is a village and civil parish of the Borough of Wyre in Lancashire, England. The population taken at the 2011 census was 273. The village, which is north-west of Garstang, has an agricultural college, and the Duchy of Lancaster has an estate here. This includes the local pub, the Patten Arms. It is the location of a large manor house, Winmarleigh Hall.  Constructed on the orders of the Duchy of Lancaster, it was given to the first Lord Winmarleigh. Since then the house has been donated to NST Travel Group, who have turned the grounds into an outdoor education programme for schools across the country.

Winmarleigh railway station opened in 1870 on the Garstang and Knot-End Railway. It was renamed Nateby railway station in 1902 and closed in 1930.

The school and school house, which date from 1870, were designed by Lancaster architects Paley and Austin.
El Molino River
El Molino River (Rio El Molino) is the name of two medium streams in El Salvador.

13°15′47″N 88°27′00″W﻿ / ﻿13.262973°N 88.449974°W﻿ / 13.262973; -88.449974﻿ (Rio El Molino, Jiquilisco Bay), near the Jiquilisco Bay in Usulután District.

13°57′N 89°57′W﻿ / ﻿13.950°N 89.950°W﻿ / 13.950; -89.950﻿ (Rio El Molino, Ahuachapan), near the city of Ahuachapán in Ahuachapán District.

Both streams have at least large to moderate quantities of fresh water year round, especially from early May through October.

Usulután
Usulután (Spanish pronunciation: [usuluˈtan]) is the fifth largest city in El Salvador, and capital of the Usulután Department in the south-east of El Salvador.

As of 2006, it is estimated to have population of 71,636 people. Usulután rests in a rich agricultural valley and has very high and humid temperatures most of the year as it is located close to the Pacific Ocean. The city was badly damaged by the Salvadorian earthquakes of February 2001, in addition to Hurricane Mitch in 1998.

The main Catholic Church of the town is located in a park area next to the Town Hall (Alcaldia) and next to the Cine Centenario (a cinema) which are roughly located at the center of the town. Recently, Usulután has modernized considerably, having more influence from brand names and eateries that were not available there in the past.
2004–05 LEN Euroleague
The 2004–05 LEN Euroleague was the 42nd edition of LEN's premier competition for men's water polo clubs. It ran from 29 September 2004 to 21 May 2005, and it was contested by thirty five teams from fifteen countries. CN Posillipo defeated defending champion Budapest Honvéd in the final to win its third title, while Pro Recco was third and Jug Dubrovnik fourth.

Pro Recco
A.S.D. Pro Recco (Official name: Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Pro Recco) is an Italian professional water polo club from Recco, in Liguria. It currently plays in Serie A1.

Pro Recco is the most successful club in men's water polo. In men's domestic water polo, the club has won a record 56 trophies: a record 37 Serie A1 titles, a record 19 Coppa Italia. In men's LEN European competitions, Pro Recco have won a record 21 trophies: a record 11 European Aquatics Champions League titles, a record 9 European Aquatics Super Cup titles and 1 European Aquatics Euro Cup. The club has also won 1 Adriatic League title.

In women's water polo, the women's team won 1 women's Serie A1 titles, 1 LEN Euro League Women title, 1 Women's LEN Super Cup, making Pro Recco the first sports club in history to have been crowned European Champions with both its men's and women's teams.
Patrick Geraghty
Patrick Geraghty (February 4, 1843 - ?) was an American farmer and schoolteacher from Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, who spent a single one-year term as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Sheboygan County.

Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Sheboygan County (/ʃɪˈbɔɪɡən/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is named after the Sheboygan River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 118,034. Its county seat is Sheboygan. The county was created in 1836 and organized in 1846. At the time, it was located in the Wisconsin Territory. Sheboygan County comprises the Sheboygan, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Part of the Holyland region is located in northwestern Sheboygan County.
Birmingham North (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Birmingham North was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Aldridge-Brownhills, Birmingham Erdington, Birmingham Perry Barr, Birmingham Stechford, Sutton Coldfield, Warley East, Warley West, West Bromwich East, and West Bromwich West.

Birmingham Erdington
Birmingham Erdington is a parliamentary constituency in Birmingham, England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2022 by Paulette Hamilton of the Labour Party.
Carl Christian Giegler
Carl Christian Giegler (or Giegler Pasha; 4 January 1844 – 31 August 1921) was a German-born telegraph engineer who acted as governor-general of the Egyptian province of Sudan from February to May 1882 around the start of the Mahdist War.

Turco-Egyptian Sudan
Turco-Egyptian Sudan (Arabic: السودان التركي المصري), also known as Turkish Sudan or Turkiyya (Arabic: التركية, at-Turkiyyah), describes the rule of the Eyalet and later Khedivate of Egypt over what is now Sudan and South Sudan. It lasted from 1820, when Muhammad Ali Pasha started his conquest of Sudan, to the fall of Khartoum in 1885 to Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Mahdi.
Paul Heatley
Paul Heatley (born 30 June 1987) is a footballer from Northern Ireland who plays as a winger for Carrick Rangers.

Heatley previously played for Cliftonville, Newry City, Brantwood and Carrick Rangers before joining Crusaders in 2012. He was named as Ulster Footballer of the Year and Northern Ireland Football Writers' Player of the Year for 2014–15.

Brantwood F.C.
Brantwood Football Club is an intermediate, Northern Irish football club playing in the Ballymena & Provincial Football League. The club, founded in 1901, hails from Belfast and plays its home matches at Skegoneill Avenue. Club colour Is royal blue. 
In 2009, the club, which had failed to gain a place in the IFA Championship in 2008 and instead played in the IFA Interim Intermediate League, elected not to apply again for membership of the IFA Championship and announced that it would step down into the Ballymena & Provincial Intermediate League for season 2009–10, ending over 50 years at national intermediate level.
Stephen Payne (energy executive)
Stephen Prentiss Payne (born May 8, 1964) is an American lobbyist from Houston, Texas. He has also served as a governmental, energy, international affairs, and international business development consultant, corporate and political adviser, foreign diplomat, businessman, fundraiser, and former adviser (June 2007 to July 2008) to two of the United States Department of Homeland Security's Advisory Committees—the Secure
Borders and Open Doors Advisory Committee (SBODAC) and the Essential Technology Task Force (ETTF), in connection with which he held a U.S. security clearance.

In July 2008 he attracted international attention after being secretly videotaped discussing a $750,000 lobbying contract offering access to senior U.S. officials and suggesting a $250,000 donation to the future presidential library of U.S. president George W. Bush.

Security clearance
A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to classified information (state or organizational secrets) or to restricted areas, after completion of a thorough background check. The term "security clearance" is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process to vet employees for access to sensitive information. A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access; the organization must also determine that the cleared individual needs to know specific information. No individual is supposed to be granted automatic access to classified information solely because of rank, position, or a security clearance.
Days of Girlhood
"Days of Girlhood" is the debut single by American TikTok personality Dylan Mulvaney. The song was produced by Nick Monson and self-released through DistroKid on March 11, 2024. The song reached #1 on the Genius lyrics chart within a week of its release.

DistroKid
DistroKid, formerly titled Fandalism, is an American independent digital music distribution service, founded in early 2012 by entrepreneur Philip Kaplan. DistroKid principally offers musicians and other rights-holders the opportunity to distribute and sell or stream their music through online retailers such as Spotify, iTunes, and YouTube Music, among others. Originally known as Fandalism, it was originally a social media website for musicians before going into its current name while also becoming a music distributor over a year later in mid-2013.
Kyejo
Kyejo is an active stratovolcano in the Rukwa Rift Basin of Tanzania. It is located northwest of Lake Malawi. Eruptions at Kyejo are typically effusive although some moderately-sized explosions occur at its summit. Its numerous parasitic cones, a combination of spatter and cinder cones, are mostly distributed along its southern flanks. Volcanic activity in the area initiated during the mid-Pleistocene. Its last eruption was dated to around 1800 and is the only historically documented eruption on Kyejo. This eruption occrred at the Sarabwe and Fiteko parasitic cones along a northwest trending fissure at its northwestern slope. The three-day eruption produced lava flows that travelled 8 km (5.0 mi).

Rukwa Rift Basin
The Rukwa Rift Basin, located in southwestern Tanzania, is an endorheic rift basin that contains Lake Rukwa. It forms part of the East African Rift system and has produced a number of Cretaceous and Oligocene fossils.
Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant
The Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Station is located in the commune of Saint-Laurent-Nouan in Loir-et-Cher on the Loire — 28 km (17 mi) upstream from Blois and 30 km (19 mi) downstream from Orléans.

The site includes two operating pressurized water reactors (each 900MWe), which began operation in 1983.  They are cooled by the water of the Loire River.

Two retired UNGG reactors exist at the site, which were brought into service in 1969 and 1971 and were shut down in April 1990 and June 1992.

The site employs approximately 670 regular workers.

Loir-et-Cher
Loir-et-Cher (/ˌlwɑːr eɪ ˈʃɛər/; French: [lwaʁ e ʃɛʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It is named after two rivers which run through it, the Loir in its northern part and the Cher in its southern part. Its prefecture is Blois. The INSEE and La Poste gave it the number 41. It had a population of 329,470 in 2019.
Stenoponia americana
Stenoponia americana is a species of large flea in the family Hystrichopsyllidae. It is widespread in North America east of the Great Plains and is found mainly on rodents, notably deermice (Peromyscus) and voles (Microtus). In Missouri, it has been recorded on the fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii), cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster; nest only), woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), and white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Hosts recorded in Tennessee include the northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), woodland vole, white-footed mouse, hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In South Carolina, recorded hosts include the cotton mouse, hispid cotton rat, and marsh rice rat.

Hispid cotton rat
The hispid cotton rat  (Sigmodon hispidus) is a rat long thought to occur in parts of South America, Central America, and southern North America. However, recent taxonomic revisions, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, have split this widely distributed species into three separate species (S. hispidus, S. toltecus, and S. hirsutus). The distribution of S. hispidus ranges from Arizona in the west to Virginia to the east and from the Platte River in Nebraska in the north to, likely, the Rio Grande in the south, where it meets the northern edge of the distribution of S. toltecus (formerly S. h. toltecus). Adult size is total length 202–340 mm (8.0–13.4 in); tail 87–122 mm (3.4–4.8 in), frequently broken or stubbed; hind foot 29–35 mm (1.1–1.4 in); ear 16–20 mm (0.63–0.79 in); mass 50–250 g (1.8–8.8 oz). They have been used as laboratory animals.
Château de Boisgeloup
Château de Boisgeloup is an 18th-century château near Gisors in Eure, Normandy, formerly owned by Pablo Picasso and now a private art gallery run by his grandson Bernard Ruiz-Picasso and gallerist Almine Rech.

Picasso bought Château de Boisgeloup with his wife Olga Khokhlova in June 1930. There he developed his art into a more abstract style and experimented in sculpture. He also produced there many of the prints from the Vollard Suite (1930–1937).

Picasso left Boisgeloup before World War II after his break-up with Olga Khokhlova in 1937. She took over the château and it was inherited by their son Paulo Picasso in 1973 and then by Bernard Ruiz-Picasso in 1975.

In 2002 Bernard Ruiz-Picasso and his wife Almine Rech founded the Fundación Almine y Bernard Ruiz-Picasso para el Arte (FABA) to steer Picasso's legacy and in 2012 opened the château and Picasso's studio to the public, starting the first of a series of contemporary art exhibitions with Un Soir à Boisgeloup.

Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.
Angelo Frosi
Angelo Frosi (born 31 January 1924 in San Bassano), was an Italian clergyman and auxiliary bishop for the 2nd Bishop of Diocese of Abaetetuba. He was ordained in 1948 and appointed a bishop in 1981. He died in 1995.

San Bassano
San Bassano (locally San Basàn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cremona.

San Bassano borders the following municipalities: Cappella Cantone, Castelleone, Formigara, Gombito, Pizzighettone.