hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-738
German submarine U-738 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 25 February 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 20 February 1943 with Oberleutnant zur See Erich-Michael Hoffmann in command.

Schichau-Werke
The Schichau-Werke (F. Schichau, Maschinen- und Lokomotivfabrik, Schiffswerft und Eisengießerei GmbH) was a German engineering works and shipyard based in Elbing, Germany (now Elbląg, Poland) on the Vistula Lagoon of then-East Prussia. It also had a subsidiary shipyard in nearby Danzig (now: Gdańsk, Poland). Due to the Soviet conquest of eastern Germany, Schichau moved to Bremerhaven in March 1945, and its successors continued in business until 2009.
Remo Fischer
Remo Fischer (born 13 August 1981 in Bäretswil) is a Swiss cross-country skier who has competed since 2000. He competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, finishing 21st in the 50 km and 36th in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit events.

At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, Fischer's best finish was seventh in the 4 × 10 km relay at Liberec in 2009, while his best individual finish was 16th in the 15 km event at Oberstdorf in 2005.

His best World Cup finish was third in the 50 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 2008. Fischer has ten career victories from 10 km to 50 km at lesser events since 2004.

Fischer finished tenth in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.
Östgötalagen
The Östgötalagen was a medieval provincial law-code for Östergötland and the Småland lands of Kinda (which also included Ydre härad), Vedbo, Tjust and several smaller areas, as well as Öland, an area known as the Östgöta lagsaga. The law-code was associated with assemblies called Lionga thing.

The preserved record clearly relates to the lawspeakers' orally transmitted laws and is considered to have been written down around 1290.

The Östgötalagen were first printed by Hans Samuel Collin and Carl Johan Schlyter in 1830. A modernized Swedish interpretation with comments was published in 1933 by Åke Holmbäck and Elias Wessén.

Kinda Municipality
Kinda Municipality (Swedish: Kinda kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County, southeast Sweden. The municipal seat is located in the town Kisa, with some 4,000 inhabitants.

The present municipality was created in 1974 through the amalgamation of three municipalities called Norra Kinda, Södra Kinda and Västra Kinda (North, South and West Kinda respectively), which had been formed in 1952 from the nine original entities. The name was taken from the old Kinda Hundred.
Hopliancistrus tricornis
Hopliancistrus tricornis is a species of suckermouth armored catfish in the family Loricariidae. This species reaches a length of 10.4 centimetres (4.1 in) SL.  It is endemic to Brazil and can be found in the Tapajós and Xingu River basins. This species appears similar to members of Lasiancistrus, however it lacks the synapomorphies and has five rows of plates on the caudal peduncle instead of three like those found in Lasiancistrus. It is characterized by three stout, strongly curved odontodes on either side of the head in males.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Raghavendra Patil
Raghavendra Manohar Patil (born 1993) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Dhule Rural Assembly constituency in Dhule district. He won the 2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Louis Kohmueller House
Louis Kohmueller House, also known as the Fred Kohmueller House, is a historic home located at Washington, Franklin County, Missouri. It was built about 1878, and is a one-story, brick dwelling on a stone foundation.  It has a side-gable roof and segmental arched door and window openings.  Attached to the house by a low-pitched shed roof is a 1+1⁄2-story smoke house.  Also on the property is the contributing large frame barn (c. 1908).: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Washington, Missouri
Washington is a city on the south banks of the Missouri River, 50 miles west of St. Louis, Missouri. It is considered to be part of the Greater St. Louis area. As of the 2020 census, Washington had a population of 14,500. It is the largest city in Franklin County, Missouri. It is notable for being the "corncob pipe capital of the world," with the Missouri Meerschaum located on the city's riverfront.
Rietheim railway station
Rietheim railway station (German: Bahnhof Rietheim) is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Aargau and municipality of Rietheim. The station is located on the Winterthur to Koblenz line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Aargau S-Bahn
The Aargau S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Aargau or S-Bahnen Aargau) is an S-Bahn-style regional rail network serving the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, with some services extending into the cantons of Bern, Lucerne, Solothurn and Zug and one service to the German city of Waldshut-Tiengen. It operates within the A-Welle tariff network.
Dakar School
The Dakar School (French: École de Dakar, lit. 'School of Dakar') is an art movement in Senegal at the dawn of independence, between 1960 and 1974. It was supported by the first Senegalese President Léopold Sédar Senghor, and worked within the framework of the larger cultural movement of Négritude from the 1930s. The three teachers that were the foundering members of this art movement included Papa Ibra Tall, Iba N'Diaye, and Pierre Lods.

Art movement
An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific art philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defined within a number of years. Art movements were especially important in modern art, when each consecutive movement was considered a new avant-garde movement. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality (figurative art). By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new style which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy (abstract art).
Nameless Lake (Manitoulin District)
Nameless Lake is a small, spring-fed endorheic lake on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron approximately 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) south of the town of Gore Bay in the municipality of Gordon/Barrie Island, Manitoulin District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) long and over 15 metres (49 ft) deep in some locations, with no public access.  It is the only lake on Manitoulin Island that prohibits all gasoline-powered craft.

Gore Bay, Ontario
Gore Bay is a town on Manitoulin Island in Ontario, Canada. Located on the namesake Gore Bay, a bay of Lake Huron's North Channel, it is one of the two incorporated towns of Manitoulin District, of which it is the administrative and government seat.

The town's name is believed to be referencing the gore-shaped harbour. Other theories for the namesake are probably for Francis Gore (1769–1852), Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada from 1806 to 1817, or after the steamer Gore (c. 1839 and scrapped 1861), which ran between Sault Ste. Marie and Collingwood from 1860 to 1870.
Potbrood
Potbrood ("pot bread") is bread first made by the Boer settlers of what is now South Africa. Potbrood was traditionally baked in a cast-iron pot (also known as a Dutch oven) in a pit made in the ground and lined with hot coals.

Potbrood is often made at a braai (barbecue) by packing charcoal or wood coals around a cooking pot.

Regional variations of barbecue
Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.

The meat may be whole, ground (for hamburgers), or processed into sausage or kebabs. The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana Salish: Séliš u Ql̓ispé, Kutenai: k̓upawiȼq̓nuk) are a federally recognized tribe centered on the Flathead Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of Montana. The tribe includes Bitterroot Salish, Kutenai, and Upper Pend d'Oreille people, who are all Interior Salish peoples.

The Bitterroot Salish were referred to by Euro-American explorers as Flathead Indians. This name was originally applied to various Salish peoples after Europeans misinterpreted their identifying Coast Salish Sign Language sign to mean that they practiced artificial cranial deformation. This sign involved pressing both hands to the opposite sides of the head and meant, "We the people.”

The peoples of these tribes originally lived in the areas of Montana, parts of Idaho, British Columbia, and Wyoming. The original territory comprised about 22 million acres (89,000 km2) at the time of the 1855 Hellgate treaty.

Kutenai language
Kutenai (/ˈkuːtniː/ KOOT-nee), also Kootenai, Kootenay, Ktunaxa, and Ksanka, is the native language of the Kutenai people of Montana and Idaho in the United States and British Columbia in Canada. It is typically considered a language isolate, unrelated to the Salishan family of languages spoken by neighboring tribes on the coast and in the interior Plateau. The Kutenai also use ʔa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam, Ktunaxa Sign Language.
Eva Gram Schjoldager
Eva Gram Schjoldager (born 8 May 1966) is a Danish actress and child star. In 1981, Shjoldager received international attention for her leading role as the bullied schoolgirl, Elin, in Nils Malmros's coming-of-age drama Tree of Knowledge (Kundskabens træ). Filming for the role was performed over a two-year period, while Schjoldager was 13 to 15 years old, to realistically show her character's physical and emotional maturation. Afterward, Schjoldager appeared in only one other film: Malmros' 1983 drama  Skønheden og udyret (Beauty and the Beast). She decided to leave acting after completing an education in psychology from Århus University in 1998. In 2001, she was living with her husband and children and working as a human resource manager for a software firm in Denmark.

Nils Malmros
Nils Malmros (born 1944), a Danish film director and screenwriter, is considered a leading auteur of realism in Danish cinema. Malmros is noted for his detailed focus on the common growing pains of adolescence and the loss of innocence, which he draws from his childhood experiences growing up in Århus, Denmark. His most notable films form a trilogy about schoolchildren in 1950s Århus: Lars-Ole 5c, Boys and Tree of Knowledge. The latter film, 1981's Tree of Knowledge (Kundskabens træ), is one of ten films listed in Denmark's cultural canon by the Danish Ministry of Culture.

Malmros, self-educated as a filmmaker, is formally trained as a surgeon. In his film Facing the Truth (At kende sandheden), he performed all of the film's brain surgery sequences himself. Malmros is a 4-time recipient of the Bodil Award for Best Danish Film and a 3-time recipient of the Robert Award for Danish Film of the Year.
Gaet'ale Pond
Gaet'ale Pond is a small hypersaline lake located near the Dallol crater in the Danakil Depression (Afar Region, Ethiopia). It is located over a hot spring of tectonic origin and has no apparent inlet or outlet streams. The water of Gaet'ale Pond has a salinity of 43%, making it the saltiest water body on Earth.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Olthuis
Olthuis is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Olthuis, philosopher

Kees Olthuis (1940-2019), Dutch composer

Koen Olthuis, architect and designer of the Amphibious House

Marja-Liisa Olthuis (born 1967), Inari Sámi researcher, author and language activist

James Olthuis
James Herman Olthuis (born 1938) is an interdisciplinary scholar in ethics, hermeneutics, philosophical theology, as well as a theorist and practitioner of psychotherapy of a kind he calls "relational psychotherapy".
Ally (name)
Ally is a unisex given name, nickname and/or surname. It is a variant of Allie and Ali. It is used as a diminutive nickname for the given names Alison, Alexandra or Alyssa (feminine) or Alexander, Alister, or Alan (masculine).  Notable people with the name include:

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.
A14 highway (Lithuania)
The A14 highway is a highway in Lithuania (Magistralinis kelias). It connects Vilnius and Utena. The length of the road is 95.60 km.

A 6 km section north of Vilnius city limits is refurbished to 2+2 with at-grade junctions and traffic lights. Another 5 km section with turbo roundabouts up to junction with 108 road is planned to be refurbished in 2018 at the latest.

Utena, Lithuania
Utena (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in north-east Lithuania. It is the administrative center of Utena district and Utena County. Utena is one of the oldest settlements of Lithuania. The name of the city is most probably derived from a hydronym. The name of the settlement has been known since 1261.

Utena is an industrial city. It is known for its clothing, food and beverage factories. In recent years, however, streets, public squares and large areas of the parks in the city were reconstructed and Utena is now more attractive for recreation and tourism.

The anniversary of Utena City had been held each year on the last weekend of September. Since 2013 the anniversary has been held on the first weekend of September to take advantage of better weather conditions.
Byzantine Empire under the Constantinian and Valentinianic dynasties
The Eastern Roman Empire under the Constantinian and Valentinian dynasties was the earliest period of the Byzantine history that saw a shift in government from Rome in the West to Constantinople in the East within the Roman Empire under emperor Constantine the Great and his successors. Constantinople, formally named Nova Roma, was founded in the city of Byzantium (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον, romanized: Byzántion), which is the origin of the historiographical name for the Eastern Empire, which self-identified simply as the "Roman Empire".

Byzantium
Byzantium (/bɪˈzæntiəm, -ʃəm/) or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul in modern times. The Greek name Byzantion and its Latinization Byzantium continued to be used as a name of Constantinople sporadically and to varying degrees during the thousand-year existence of the Eastern Roman Empire, which also became known by the former name of the city as the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium was colonized by Greeks from Megara in the 7th century BCE and remained primarily Greek-speaking until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
The New Lord of the Village
Le Nouveau Seigneur du village, also known as On ne badine pas avec l'amour, and known in English as No Trifling With Love and as The New Lord of the Village, is a 1908 French silent trick film released by Georges Méliès, and supervised by an actor-director employee of Méliès's, known as Manuel.

Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès (/meɪlˈjɛs/ mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema, primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres. Méliès rose to prominence creating "trick films" and became well known for his innovative use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards in his work. His most important films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904).
Norman Wells
Norman Wells (Slavey language: Tłegǫ́hłı̨ [t͡ɬʰɛkṍhɬĩ] "where there is oil") is a town located in the Sahtu Region, Northwest Territories, Canada. The town, which hosts the Sahtu Regional office, is situated on the north side of the Mackenzie River and provides a view down the valley of the Franklin and Richardson mountains.

Franklin Mountains (Northwest Territories)
The Franklin Mountains (64°15′00″N 124°00′06″W﻿ / ﻿64.25000°N 124.00167°W﻿ / 64.25000; -124.00167) of the Northwest Territories are a range of low peaks that stretch along the east bank of the Mackenzie River from 64 to 66 degrees of latitude.
Andrés Ibáñez Province
Andrés Ibáñez Province is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department, situated in the western part of the department. Its capital is Santa Cruz de la Sierra which is also the capital of the department.

The province was created on December 6, 1944, during the presidency of Gualberto Villarroel López.

Santa Cruz Department
Santa Cruz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈkɾus]) is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2 (143,098 sq mi), it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south.

In the 2024 census, it had an estimated population of 3.1 million, making it the most populated department. Its capital city is Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas. Besides, it has experienced the highest increase of economic growth during the last 50 years in Bolivia and South America.
Garmash
Garmash (or Harmash in Ukrainian, Belarusian), (Cyrillic: Гармаш) is a Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Belarusian) last name derived from the word гармата (Ukr., Bel. harmáta, "gun, cannon"). It was originally the name given to Cossack gunners (artillerymen) as well as gunsmiths (cannon founders) at the Zaporozhian Sich.

A possible alternative origin is the Prussian word Garme (Gorme), “heat, warm”. Cf. Skr. ghṛṇa, Gk. thermos (θερμός), Av. garəma, O.Pers.garmapada, Pers. garme, Phryg. germe, Thrac. germas, Arm. jerm, O.Pruss. goro, Lith. garas, Ltv. gars, Russ. žar, O.Ir. fogeir, Welsh gori, Alb. zjarr, Kashmiri germi, garū'm.

Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit, and all three languages are highly inflected.

Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran,  Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 522 BCE).

In 2007, research into the vast Persepolis Administrative Archives at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Moroder
Moroder (German pronunciation: [mɔˈʁoːdɐ]) is a germanised version of the Ladin surname Mureda.

Originally a surname from Val Gardena, South Tyrol (present almost exclusively in Ortisei), since the 18th century traders migrating from Val Gardena have also distributed the surname elsewhere in Italy (Bolzano, Ancona, Pordenone) and abroad in Valencia and Lyon, and subsequently in Austria, Germany, Santiago de Chile, and the United States.

The Moroders of Ortisei, of which there are several branches distinct from the "farm" or "house of origin" (Costamula, Lenert, Lusenberg, Resciesa, Doss, Cialian), are traditionally known as a family of wood carvers.

Notable people with the name include:

Pordenone
Pordenone (Italian: [pordeˈnoːne] ⓘ; Venetian and Friulian: Pordenon) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the capital of the regional decentralization entity of Pordenone.

The name comes from Latin Portus Naonis, meaning "port on the Noncello River".