hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chaetachme
Chaetachme is a monotypic genus of flowering plants native to eastern and western Africa, including Madagascar, containing the single species Chaetachme aristata. Its English common name is thorny elm, and it is known as muyuyu in Kikuyu. Traditionally placed in the Elm family, it is more recently placed in the family Cannabaceae, thought to be possibly closely related to Celtis.

Chaetachme aristata is a shrub or small tree growing up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It has drooping, angular branches covered with spines up to 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in) in length. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 11 centimetres (4.3 in) long by 5 centimetres (2.0 in) wide, pointed at the tip and smooth or serrated on the edges. The shrub is dioecious and sexually dimorphic, with male and female flower types borne on separate individuals, although it may also be monoecious.

This shrub is host to the mirid bug Volumnus chaetacme.

The spiny branches of the shrub are used as fences in African villages.

Fence
A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors creating a boundary, and is usually constructed from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or netting. A fence differs from a wall in not having a solid foundation along its whole length.

Alternatives to fencing include a ditch (sometimes filled with water, forming a moat).
Lonepinella koalarum
Lonepinella koalarum is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria within the family Pasteurellaceae. It is the only species described in the genus Lonepinella and was first isolated from the feces of healthy koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) at Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Queensland, Australia.

Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary
Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary is an 18-hectare (44-acre) koala sanctuary in the Brisbane suburb of Fig Tree Pocket in Queensland, Australia.

Founded in 1927, it is the oldest and largest koala sanctuary of its kind in the world. The park houses approximately 80 species of Australian animals.
Electro-osmosis
In chemistry, electro-osmotic flow (EOF, hyphen optional; synonymous with electro-osmosis or electro-endosmosis) is the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential across a porous material, capillary tube, membrane, microchannel, or any other fluid conduit.  Because electro-osmotic velocities are independent of conduit size, as long as the electrical double layer is much smaller than the characteristic length scale of the channel, electro-osmotic flow will have little effect. Electro-osmotic flow is most significant when in small channels, and is an essential component in chemical separation techniques, notably capillary electrophoresis. Electro-osmotic flow can occur in natural unfiltered water, as well as buffered solutions.

Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
John Ashworth (rugby union)
John Colin Ashworth (born 9 November 1949) is a New Zealand former rugby union player. A prop, Ashworth represented Canterbury and, briefly, Hawke's Bay at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1977 to 1985. He played 52 matches for the All Blacks including 24 internationals. He is remembered for stamping on the face of JPR Williams during a match against Bridgend. The wound required 30 stitches.

Hawke's Bay Rugby Union
The Hawke's Bay Rugby Union (HBRU) is the governing body of rugby union in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand. The union is based in Napier.

The Hawke's Bay representative team are nicknamed The Magpies.
Edmund Giles
Edmund Giles  was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1656.

Giles was a relation by marriage of Oliver Cromwell and was of White Ladie Aston.  He was called to the bar. On 4 March 1631, he was fined £10 for not taking a knighthood at the coronation of Charles I  and disclaimed bearing arms at the Visitation 1634. He was a Master in Chancery from 22 November 1655 to 2 June 1660. In 1656, Giles was elected Member of Parliament for Worcester for the Second Protectorate Parliament. He was also a commissioner for assessment for the county and city of Worcester in 1656.

Second Protectorate Parliament
The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons. In its first session, the House of Commons was its only chamber; in the second session an Other House with a power of veto over the decisions of the Commons was added.
Volker Rühe
Volker Rühe (born 25 September 1942) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as German Defence minister from 1 April 1992, succeeding Gerhard Stoltenberg during the first government of a reunified Germany in the  fourth cabinet of Chancellor Kohl, to the end of the fifth Kohl Cabinet on 27 October 1998. During his time at the Defence Ministry Rühe played a central role in placing NATO enlargement on the German political agenda. He unsuccessfully ran for the office of minister-president of the German state Schleswig-Holstein in the year 2000, eventually losing against incumbent Heide Simonis.

Fifth Kohl cabinet
The Fifth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 15 November 1994 and laid down its function on 27 October 1998. The cabinet was formed after the 1994 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Schröder I, which was formed following the 1998 elections.
The Visitor (Neil Young and Promise of the Real album)
The Visitor is the 40th studio album by Canadian / American singer-songwriter Neil Young and his second studio album with American rock group Promise of the Real. The album was released on December 1, 2017, on Reprise Records. The album was preceded by the singles "Children of Destiny", which was released on July 4, 2017, and "Already Great", which was released on November 3, 2017, and is in response to President Donald Trump's campaign slogan of Make America Great Again.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Pociej
Pociej is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Aleksander Pociej (born 1965), Polish politician

Bohdan Pociej (1933–2011), Polish musicologist

Hypatius Pociej (1541–1613), Metropolitan of Kiev

Ludwik Pociej (1664–1730), Polish nobleman

Bohdan Pociej
Bohdan Pociej (17 January 1933 – 3 March 2011) was a Polish musicologist and writer who studied historical parallels between music and philosophy. His work mainly focused on Baroque and Romantic music. He wrote about the phenomenology of Husserl and Ingarden, and also about hermeneutics. Pociej was the author of several documents about Bach and Mahler; he examined music's role in the cultural complex and the intellectual trends of its period.
Zaza Enden
Zaza Enden (born Zaza Eladze on 28 May 1976 in Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union (present Georgia) is a professional wrestler and a Turkish professional basketball player of Georgian descent. He is 2.06 m tall and weighs 116 kg. His well-known nickname is "Tatu". Zaza Enden plays at the power forward position. He came to Turkey in 1992, firstly to Trabzon, afterwards he had his Turkish citizenship.

Zaza Enden spent his best years with Fenerbahçe, playing at Euroleague level and he was the team captain between 1998 and 2003.

As the player-coach for Akçakoca Poyraz Gençlik in Düzce Enden helped his team win promotion to the Second Basketball League at the end of the season 2006–07.

In 2010, Enden joined the professional wrestling promotion Turkish Power Wrestling.

Düzce
Düzce (Turkish pronunciation: [dyz'dʒe]) is a city in northwestern Turkey, the capital city of Düzce Province, the eighty-first province in the country. It is the seat of Düzce District. Its population is 194,097 (as of 2022).
Canada at the Winter Olympics
Canada (IOC country code CAN) has competed at every Winter Olympic Games, and has won at least one medal each time, one of only six nations to do so (along with Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States). By total medals, the country's best performance was in the 2018 Winter Olympic Games where Canadian athletes won 29 medals. Canada set a new record for most gold medals won by a country in a single Winter Olympics with 14 at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada.  This achievement surpassed the previous record of 13 gold medals held by the Soviet Union (1976) and Norway (2002). Both Germany and Norway matched the record total of 14 gold medals in Pyeongchang in 2018. This record has since been surpassed by Norway with 16 at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Canada has hosted the winter games twice: in Calgary in 1988, and in Vancouver in 2010. Canada has also hosted the Summer Olympic Games once, in 1976 in Montreal.

Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics
The Soviet Union (USSR) competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.

During the games, the Soviet Union won 13 gold medals, the most any country won at a single Winter Olympics. Norway tied this record during the Salt Lake City games, and Canada broke it with 14 when they hosted the Vancouver games.
Marine navigation
Marine navigation is the art and science of steering a ship from a starting point (sailing) to a destination, efficiently and responsibly. It is an art because of the skill that the navigator must have to avoid the dangers of navigation, and it is a science because it is based on physical, mathematical, oceanographic, cartographic, astronomical, and other knowledge.

Marine navigation can be surface or submarine.

Spherical trigonometry
Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions. On the sphere, geodesics are great circles. Spherical trigonometry is of great importance for calculations in astronomy, geodesy, and navigation.

The origins of spherical trigonometry in Greek mathematics and the major developments in Islamic mathematics are discussed fully in History of trigonometry and Mathematics in medieval Islam. The subject came to fruition in Early Modern times with important developments by John Napier, Delambre and others, and attained an essentially complete form by the end of the nineteenth century with the publication of Isaac Todhunter's textbook Spherical trigonometry for the use of colleges and Schools.
Since then, significant developments have been the application of vector methods, quaternion methods, and the use of numerical methods.
Man Arenas
Man Arenas is an animation production designer, art director and comic book illustrator. Currently working at Netflix, he has previously worked as a production designer on Help! I'm a Fish, The Gruffalo, and Laura's Star, among others. He was born in Brussels BE, and lives in Burbank, CA.

Netflix Animation Studios
Netflix Animation Studios is an American animation studio and production company that was founded in March 2018 and is a subsidiary of Netflix, Inc. It is based in Burbank, California with offices in Sydney, Australia and Vancouver, Canada. The studio develops and produces animated feature films and television series, which are all released on the Netflix streaming service.

The studio has produced 18 feature films, with its first film being Klaus, released on November 15, 2019; and its latest being In Your Dreams, released on November 14, 2025.
Bo Sullivan
Joseph Aloysius "Bo" Sullivan (February 10, 1937 – March 13, 2000) was chairman of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority and a Republican Party politician who sought the nomination for Governor of New Jersey in the 1981 primary.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
Jan Čermák
Jan Čermák (born 8 July 1962) is a Czech linguist, literary scholar, and translator. Since 2022, he has been the Vice-dean of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague.

Čermák's research is focused on the history of English, with particular interests in Old and Early Middle English morphology and morphonology, word-formation and literary language. He is a specialist in Old and Middle English literature, with particular interests in heroic poetry, romance and the Alliterative Revival. He also wrote a book on the Finnish Kalevala.

His translations from Old English into Czech include Beowulf, The Exodus, The Dream of the Rood, The Rune Poem and a selection of the Anglo-Saxon laws.

In 2003, he won the Josef Jungmann Award for his translation of Beowulf into Czech, and in 2017, he was awarded the Order of the Lion of Finland.

The Dream of the Rood
The Dream of the Rood is one of the Christian poems in the corpus of Old English literature and an example of the genre of dream poetry.  Like most Old English poetry, it is written in alliterative verse.  The word Rood is derived from the Old English word rōd 'pole', or more specifically 'crucifix'. Preserved in the tenth-century Vercelli Book, the poem may be as old as the eighth-century Ruthwell Cross, and is considered one of the oldest extant works of Old English literature.
1924 New York state election
The 1924 New York state election was held on November 4, 1924, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

Secretary of State of New York
The secretary of state of New York is a cabinet officer in the government of the U.S. state of New York who leads the Department of State (NYSDOS).

The current secretary of state of New York is Walter T. Mosley, a Democrat.
Mario Monticelli
Mario Monticelli (16 March 1902, Venice – 30 June 1995, Milan) was an Italian chess player.  He was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1950 and the Grandmaster title honoris causa (GME) in 1985.

In 1922, he won in Rome (ITA-ch Univ). In 1925, he won in Bologna. In 1926, Monticelli tied for 1st with Ernst Grünfeld in Budapest. In 1929, he took 11th in Budapest (José Raúl Capablanca won). In 1929, he tied for 4-5th in Barcelona (Capablanca won). In 1930, he took 14th in San Remo (Alexander Alekhine won). In 1933, Monticelli won in Milan (Padulli Memorial). In 1934, he took 8th in Syracuse (Samuel Reshevsky won). In 1938, he tied for 1st with Erich Eliskases in Milan.  Monticelli was Italian Champion in 1929, 1934, and 1939.

He is the eponym of the Monticelli Trap, a chess opening trap in the Bogo-Indian Defence.

Italian Chess Championship
The Italian Chess Federation (Italian: Federazione Scacchistica Italiana (FSI)) was established in 1920.
The first Italian Chess Championship took place at Viareggio 1921.

The 1998 Championship was held 21–29 November in Saint-Vincent.
The ten-player field had an average Elo rating of 2390.
GM Igor Efimov won the round-robin tournament with 6.5/9, a half point ahead of GM Michele Godena and IM Bruno Belotti.
Sgt. Pepper Knew My Father
Sgt. Pepper Knew My Father is a 1988 multi-artist compilation LP/cassette of 1980s artists recording new versions of the songs on the Beatles album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.  The album was produced by the New Musical Express to raise money for Childline, the charity founded by the BBC1 consumer programme That's Life!  It was also intended to celebrate the 21st anniversary of the original release of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band on 1 June 1967.  Apart from separate tracks on some artists' own re-releases/compilations, the only release it ever saw on compact disc was a promotional recording.

The title is a pun on the song "Lloyd George Knew My Father".

A single released to help promote the album, a double-A side of "With a Little Help from My Friends" by Wet Wet Wet and "She's Leaving Home" by Billy Bragg with Cara Tivey, reached number one on the UK Singles Chart.

That's Life!
That's Life! is a satirical consumer affairs programme on the BBC, at its height regularly reaching audiences of fifteen to twenty million, and receiving between 10,000 and 15,000 letters a week. The series was broadcast on BBC1 for 21 years, from 26 May 1973 until 19 June 1994.
Bob Novogratz
Robert Martin Novogratz (born March 28, 1937) is an American former football player. He played college football at the guard and linebacker positions for the Army Cadets football team from 1957 to 1958.  He was selected by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) as a first-team guard on its 1958 College Football All-America Team. He also won the Knute Rockne Memorial Trophy as the outstanding lineman of the 1958 college football season. The Army football team compiled a 15-2-1 record during his two seasons with the team. He is the father of Mike, Robert Jr. and Jacqueline Novogratz.

On January 14, 2026, Novogratz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Jacqueline Novogratz
Jacqueline Novogratz (born 1961) is an American entrepreneur and author. She is the founder and chief executive of Acumen, a non-profit venture capital fund whose goal is to use entrepreneurial approaches to address global poverty.
Holospira elizabethae
Holospira elizabethae is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Urocoptidae.

Paratypes of this species are in the collection of the Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam.

Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). Often there is more than one paratype. Paratypes are usually held in museum research collections.

The exact meaning of the term paratype when it is used in zoology is not the same as the meaning when it is used in botany. In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with holotype.
Wildcatter
A wildcatter is an individual who drills wildcat wells, which are exploration oil wells drilled in areas not known to be oil fields. Notable wildcatters include J. Steve Anderson, Glenn McCarthy, Thomas Baker Slick Sr., Mike Benedum, Joe Trees, Clem S. Clarke, and Columbus Marion Joiner; Joiner is responsible for finding the East Texas Oil Field in 1930.

The term was used in the early oil industry in western Pennsylvania. Oil wells in unproven territory were called "wild cat" wells from mid-1870, and those who drilled them were called "wild-catters" by 1876. For instance, the Titusville Herald noted in 1880: "The discovery of the fluid in New York State was the signal for a general exodus of wildcatters from all parts of the oil country ..."

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Peddamunigal
Peddamunigal, also known as Munigal, is a Hindu temple situated on the banks of the Krishna River back of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam. and surrounded with Nallamala Forest in Nalgonda district of the Indian state of Telangana. The Temple is said to be an abode of Bhavani.

Tuljapur is situated in Osmanabad district and is well known for Lord Shri. It is located on the hill of "Bala ghat," Tuljabhavani. The former name of Tuljapur was Chinchpur.

Nallamala Forest
Nallamala Forest is located in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is part of the Eastern Ghats. Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India and is spread across districts of Nandyal, Kadapa, Prakasam, Palnadu, Nalgonda, and Nagarkurnool.

As It is one of the oldest forests in India it has seen the downfall and rise of ancient empires as well as seen the era of warriors battle and spiritual saints journey. In Telugu the local language of Andhra pradesh nallamala means black hills which describe dense and dark nature.
Üzümlü, Çukurca
Üzümlü (Kurdish: Deştan) is a village in the Çukurca District in Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Pinyanişî tribe and had a population of 1,816 in 2023.

The unpopulated hamlet of Balkaya (Biyereş) is attached to Üzümlü.

Çukurca District
Çukurca District is a district in the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. The district had a population of 17,734 in 2023 with the town of Çukurca as its seat. Its area is 725 km2. Çukurca shares a border with Iraqi Kurdistan to the south. The current district governor (kaymakam) is Hasan Kurt.

The district has more unpopulated settlements than populated ones.

The district was established in 1953.
1978 New South Wales Open
The 1978 New South Wales Open, also known by its sponsored name Marlboro New South Wales Open, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia. The men's event was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit while the women's event was part of the 1979 Colgate Series. It was the 86th edition of the event and was held from 18 December through 24 December 1978. The singles titles were won by unseeded Tim Wilkison and second-seeded Dianne Fromholtz.

1979 WTA Tour
The 1979 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Avon Championships Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the US) and the remaining world wide Colgate Series Circuit. The year 1979 also saw the creation of the first official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.