hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South Sudanese Americans
South Sudanese Americans are an ethnic group of Americans of South Sudanese ancestry, or South Sudanese people who have American citizenship. South Sudanese Americans can include American descendants to South Sudanese ancestors or South Sudanese immigrants who obtained an American citizenship.

According to former Ambassador Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth (Head of Mission in Washington, D.C. for South Sudan), more than 100,000 southern Sudanese live in the US, whose ancestors (or they) emigrated from their native country, mainly in the 1980s and 1990s. Many South Sudanese have moved to the US since the 1990s as war refugees, escaping civil war in Sudan and the refugee camps in Ethiopia and Kenya.

Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth
Ambassador Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth (2 December 1973) is a South Sudanese retired diplomat and politician and a former Minister of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan, after having been appointed by President Salva Kiir Mayardit on Tuesday 2 August 2016.

Ezekiel was a former Southern Sudan Ambassador, and head of Government of South Sudan Mission in United States of America before South Sudan became the 193rd member of the United Nations General Assembly on 9 July 2011. He had previously served as the Representative of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/SPLA); South Sudan’s ruling party to the United States of America, Canada and the United Nations.
Frank Pitchford
Frank Pitchford (1934 – January 1990) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He represented both Great Britain and England, and at club level played for Oldham and Wigan as a Scrum-half.

Born in Leigh in 1934, Pitchford began his career with amateur side Leigh St Joseph’s before signing for Oldham at the start of the 1952–53 season. He spent ten years with the club, making more than 300 appearances and scoring 105 tries. In 1962 he transferred to Wigan, playing a further season that included the 1963 Challenge Cup Final alongside former Oldham teammate Alan Davies.

1962–63 Challenge Cup
The 1962–63 Challenge Cup was the 62nd staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.

The final was contested by Wakefield Trinity and Wigan at Wembley Stadium in London.

The final was played on Saturday 11 May 1963, where Wakefield Trinity beat Wigan 25–10 in front of a crowd of 84,492.

The Lance Todd Trophy was awarded to Wakefield stand-off Harold Poynton, taker of a magnificent interception try.
Biber (surname)
Biber (German for beaver) is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Heinrich Biber (1681–1749), Austrian violinist and composer, son of Heinrich Ignaz Biber

George Edward Biber (1801–1874), German writer

Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (1644–1704), Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist

James Biber, American architect

Kathryn Biber (born 1978), American lawyer

Michael Biber (born 1974), American businessman

Stanley Biber (1923–2006), American surgeon who pioneered sex reassignment surgery

Carl Heinrich Biber
Carl Heinrich Biber (4 September 1681 – 19 November 1749) was a late Baroque violinist and composer.

He was born in Salzburg, the sixth son of Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber. He received his first musical education from him. In 1704, he made a study trip to Venice and Rome, important centers of music. After his return, he was employed as a violinist and valet and from 1714, he was appointed Vicekapellmeister at the Salzburg court. In 1743, he succeeded Hofkapellmeister Matthias Sigismund Biechteler (1668?–1743) and he was also the supervisor of Leopold Mozart.  He died in his native city of Salzburg, aged 68.

He belongs to a generation of composers who represented the stylistic transition between composers committed to the older, late Baroque style ideal and rococo composers. His output consists mainly of masses and other liturgical works that also includes instrumental church sonatas. The latter are mostly string sonatas with organ accompaniment, seldom brass and woodwind instruments.
Nebicapone
Nebicapone (developmental code name BIA 3-202) is a catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease but was never marketed. It is a nitrocatechol and is structurally related to entacapone, nitecapone, and tolcapone. The drug shows peripheral selectivity and does not significantly act in the brain. In contrast to the centrally penetrant tolcapone, nebicapone does not potentiate the psychostimulant-like effects of amphetamine in animals. Nebicapone was found to be effective for Parkinson's disease in clinical trials. However, it also showed hepatotoxicity, including elevated liver enzymes. As a result, its development was discontinued by 2014. Nebicapone was first described in the scientific literature by 2000.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; EC 2.1.1.6) is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine), catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure. In humans, catechol-O-methyltransferase protein is encoded by the COMT gene. Two isoforms of COMT are produced: the soluble short form (S-COMT) and the membrane bound long form (MB-COMT). As the regulation of catecholamines is impaired in a number of medical conditions, several pharmaceutical drugs target COMT to alter its activity and therefore the availability of catecholamines. COMT was first discovered by the biochemist Julius Axelrod in 1957.
My Seven Sons
My Seven Sons (Azerbaijani: Yeddi oğul istərəm) is a 1970 Soviet drama film. The film plot is written by Yusif Samedoglu based on his father poet Samed Vurgun's The Komsomol Poem which is about the events of the 1920s and the Soviet overtaking of Azerbaijan.

The film's title derives from Azerbaijani folklore clause yeddi oğul istərəm, bircə dənə qız gəlin (meaning "I'd like seven sons and just one daughter"), usually said during the weddings, when the groom comes to the bride's house to pick her up. The film was shot for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan.

This lyrical psychological film is about commitment to the Bolshevik revolution and its victory. The story is about seven youth who sacrifice everything for the good of people.

Samad Vurgun
Samad Vurgun (Azerbaijani: Səməd Vurğun [sæˈmæd vuɾˈɣun]; born Samad Yusif oghlu Vekilov; 21 March 1906 – 27 May 1956) was an Azerbaijani and Soviet poet, dramatist, public figure, first People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1943), academician of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (1945), laureate of two Stalin Prizes of second degree (1941, 1942), and member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1940.

The Azerbaijan State Academic Russian Drama Theatre and streets in Baku and Moscow, and formerly the city of Hovk in Armenia, are named after him.

Samad Vurgun is the first poet in the literature history of Azerbaijan who was given the title “The Poet of Public”.
Angelicus
"Angelicus" is the first single from Delerium's album Nuages du Monde featuring singer Isabel Bayrakdarian.
The single was released only as a promotional single in 2007; Its release to DJs enabled the track to reach number one on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart during the week ending March 31, 2007.

Remixes were made by Andy Moor, Morgan Page, Redanka and Panoptica.

A music video was also directed by Stephen Scott and released, despite the lack of a commercial single release. Scott directed the video for After All before. Just like After All this video uses a post-apocalyptic city setting. Isabel Bayrakdarian appears in the video.

Panoptica
Roberto Alonso Mendoza Lopez, known as Panoptica, has been one of the figures in the Mexican electronic music scene since the late 1980s, founding bands like electro pos-industrial outfit Artefakto and in the late 1990s, being part of the Tijuana-based norteña-meets-techno Nortec Collective.
Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)
The Voice of the People Party is a political party established in November 2021 in the Indian state of Meghalaya. The party president is Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit, who was elected to the Meghalaya Legislative assembly from Nongkrem constituency in the 2013 election and again in the 2023 election. The party contested 18 constituencies in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election and won 4 seats.

2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election of 2013 was held on 23 February 2013 to elect the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from each of the 60 Assembly Constituencies (ACs) in the state of Meghalaya in India.
Stamford American School Hong Kong
Stamford American School Hong Kong is a private school in Hong Kong that offers K-12 international educational program with American standards-based curriculum for over 700 students from more than 30 nationalities in Ho Man Tin, Kowloon. Opened in 2017, Stamford offers Pre-Primary to Grade 12 for students aged 5 to 18. Stamford is authorized to offer International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) and is an authorized IB World School. Stamford American School Hong Kong is also a Council of International Schools Accredited School.

Standards-based education reform in the United States
Education reform in the United States since the 1980s has been largely driven by the setting of academic standards for what students should know and be able to do. These standards can then be used to guide all other system components. The SBE (standards-based education) reform movement calls for clear, measurable standards for all school students. Rather than norm-referenced rankings, a standards-based system measures each student against the concrete standard. Curriculum, assessments, and professional development are aligned to the standards.
Dilawar Hussain (air marshal)
Dilawar Hussain (8 September 1940 – 24 November 2020) was a Pakistani former three-star rank officer in the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), known as a legendary pilot for his role in the Indo-Pakistani air war of 1965. He was the first Pakistani air force officer to command a Saudi fighter squadron, the No. 7 Sqn. Prior to his retirement in 1994, he had been serving as the eighth Director General of the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex since 1993.

In 1994, Dilawar and Vice Chief of Air Staff Air Marshal Shafique Haider were controversially superseded by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in favour of Abbas Khattak for the position of Chief of Air Staff. Khattak was later accused of receiving kickbacks from Mirage sales, along with Benazir's husband, Asif Ali Zardari.

No. 7 Squadron RSAF
No. 7 Squadron RSAF is a squadron of the Royal Saudi Air Force that operates the Panavia Tornado IDS at King Saud Air Base, Hafar al-Batin, Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia within RSAF 4 Wing.

The squadron attended Exercise Spears of Victory 23 during February 2023 at King Abdulaziz Air Base.

It used to fly the Northrop F-5F in the ground attack and training role at King Abdulaziz Air Base, Dhahran during the 1970/80s.
Charting application
A charting application is a computer program that is used to create a graphical representation (a chart) based on some non-graphical data that is entered by a user, most often through a spreadsheet application, but also through a dedicated specific scientific application (such as through a symbolic mathematics computing system, or a proprietary data collection application), or using an online spreadsheet service.

This type of application has been available for over three decades, as of 2026; Microsoft Works 4.0 was used for Windows 95.

There are several online charting services available, including the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences NES Chart

Microsoft Works
Microsoft Works is a discontinued productivity software suite developed by Microsoft and sold from 1987 to 2009. Its core functionality includes a word processor, a spreadsheet and a database management system. Later versions have a calendar application and a dictionary while older releases include a terminal emulator. Works is available as a standalone program and as part of a namesake home productivity suite. Because of its low cost, companies frequently preinstalled Works on their low-cost machines. Works is smaller, less expensive, and has fewer features than contemporary major office suites such as Microsoft Office.

Mainstream support for the final standalone and suite release ended on October 9, 2012, and January 8, 2013, respectively.
Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara
Indigenous Peoples' Alliance of Nusantara (Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara, abbreviated as AMAN) is an Indonesian indigenous peoples' human rights and advocacy organization founded in 1999. AMAN has established 21 Regional Chapters (PW) and 114 Regional Chapters (PD) in 33 provinces. AMAN currently comprises 2,272 indigenous communities with an estimated population of over 15 million people.

AMAN is officially registered in with the Indonesian Department of Justice and Human Rights as an Organizations Alliance under the Notary Act No. 26, H. Abu Yusuf, SH and Deed of Establishment on 24 April 2001.

Coordinating Ministry for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction
The Coordinating Ministry for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction is an Indonesian ministry that coordinate the administration of laws, human rights, immigrations, and corrections. Previously named as Ministry of Law and Human Rights, it was changed to a Coordinating Ministry by president Prabowo Subianto. The ministry reports to the president and led by a Coordinating Minister, Yusril Ihza Mahendra, since 20 October 2024.
Luciano Federici
Luciano Federici (Italian pronunciation: [luˈtʃaːno fedeˈriːtʃi]; 16 May 1938 – 18 March 2020) was an Italian professional footballer. He played in all three of Italy's top professional leagues, including for Carrarese, Cosenza and Pisa.

On 18 March 2020, Federici died from COVID-19, amid its pandemic in Italy.

Carrarese Calcio 1908
Carrarese Calcio 1908, commonly referred to as Carrarese, is an Italian football club based in Carrara, Tuscany. The team plays in Serie B, second tier of Italian football, after promotion from Serie C in 2023–24.
Cooking with alcohol
Cooking with alcohol means using alcohol in the preparation of food either as an ingredient, a cooking fuel, or for visual display.

Wine is frequently used as an ingredient for its acidic properties, its bitter tannins, and its fruit components. Beer and liqueurs are also commonly used as alcoholic ingredients. For a flambé, in which warm alcohol is ignited, the higher alcohol content of a distilled spirit is required.

Phenolic content in wine
Phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—occur naturally in wine.  These include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, aroma, bouquet, color and mouthfeel of wine. These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins (enocyanin), flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers (proanthocyanidins). This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine. The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids.
Romansrivier
Romansrivier, in Ward 2 Dwarsrivier, is a settlement in Witzenberg Local Municipality, Cape Winelands District Municipality, Western Cape province, South Africa. It is in the upper Breede River Valley region. The R43 route runs north-south past the settlement. The Romansrivier railway station is located just south of the settlement. The Witteberg Nature Reserve is just east of the settlement.

Breede River Valley
Breede River Valley is a region of Western Cape Province, South Africa known for being the largest fruit and wine producing valley in the Western Cape, as well as South Africa's leading race-horse breeding area. It is part of the Boland bordering on becoming Little Karoo towards the east.
Kardaritsi
Kardaritsi (Greek: Καρδαρίτσι) is a mountain village in the municipal unit of Kontovazaina in northwest Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a ridge above the left bank of the river Erymanthos. It is 5 km northwest of Kontovazaina, 6 km southeast of Lampeia (Divry), 9 km southwest of Psofida (Tripotama) and 50 km south of Patras. Historical records trace the existence of the village back to the 18th century. The village has a church dedicated to Saint Nicholas and an impressive cold water spring named “Trani Vrisi” that feeds the village's reservoir.

Erymanthos (river)
The Erymanthos (Greek: Ερύμανθος, Latin: Erymanthus) is a river in the western part of the Peloponnese in Greece. Its source is on the southern slope of Mount Erymanthos, near the village of Agrampela, Achaea. It flows towards the south through a rocky landscape and receives several small tributaries. The river flows into an area rich in pine trees and passes several small mountain villages including Tripotama. Beyond Tripotama it forms the border between Elis and Arcadia. It flows east of the Foloi oak forest. The river empties into the Alfeios 5 km west of the Ladon) confluence, near the village Tripotamia.
Magdalenów, Bełchatów County
Magdalenów [maɡdaˈlɛnuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Szczerców, 15 km (9 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 52 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów County
Bełchatów County (Polish: powiat bełchatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bełchatów, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Zelów, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów.

The county covers an area of 969.21 square kilometres (374.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,640, out of which the population of Bełchatów is 62,062, that of Zelów is 8,173, and the rural population is 42,405.
Ahmad Khan Samangani
Ahmad Khan Samangani (1957 – 14 July 2012) was an Afghan member of parliament and a commander of the Junbish-i Milli. He was the target of and killed in a suicide attack on 14 July 2012. Samangani was a known anti-Taliban commander and politician.

National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
The National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (Dari: جنبش ملی اسلامی افغانستان, Junbish-i-Milli Islami Afghanistan), sometimes called simply Junbish, was a political party in Afghanistan founded by Abdul Rashid Dostum in 1992 made from his loyalist remnants from the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan's communist government.

It is described as "an organisation heavily peopled with former Communists and Islamists," and is regarded as somewhat secular and left-leaning. Its voter base is mostly Uzbeks, and it is strongest in Jowzjan, Balkh, Faryab, Sar-e Pol, and Samangan provinces. It was mainly supported by Uzbekistan during the Second Afghan Civil War and the Third Afghan Civil War.
Augusta Louise zu Stolberg-Stolberg
Countess Louise Augusta zu Stolberg-Stolberg (7 January 1753 in Bramstedt, Duchy of Holstein – 30 May 1835 in Kiel) was a German noble who was known for her lively correspondence with the poet and thinker Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; she is known as Goethes Gustchen in the history of literature. By birth she was member of the House of Stolberg and by marriage member of House of Bernstorff.

Bramstedt
Bramstedt is a village and a former municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2014, it is part of the municipality Hagen im Bremischen.

Bramstedt belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.
Freiburg Altarpiece
The Freiburg Altarpiece is an oil on wood panel altarpiece, created for the high altar of Frieburg Minster by the German Renaissance painter and printmaker, Hans Baldung Grien. The altarpiece is a polyptych with eleven panels created by Baldung and members of his studio. Baldung lived in Freiburg from 1512 to 1517 as he worked on the altarpiece. The painting is notable because it contains a self-portrait of the artist, as well as Baldung's monogram and signature.

Hans Baldung
Hans Baldung (1484 or 1485 – September 1545), called Hans Baldung Grien, (being an early nickname, because of his predilection for the colour green), was a painter, printer, engraver, draftsman, and stained glass artist, who was considered the most gifted student of Albrecht Dürer and whose art belongs to both German Renaissance and Mannerism.

Throughout his lifetime, he developed a distinctive style, full of colour, expression and imagination. His talents were varied, and he produced a great and extensive variety of work including portraits, woodcuts, drawings, tapestries, altarpieces, and stained glass, often relying on allegories and mythological motifs.
Edgar Benson
Edgar John "Ben" Benson PC FCA (May 28, 1923 – September 2, 2011) was a Canadian politician, businessman,  diplomat, and university professor. He held four cabinet posts, most notably that of Minister of Finance under Pierre Trudeau, where he was instrumental in reforming Canada's income tax law. He was described as "Pierre Trudeau's unflappable finance minister, the pipe-smoking financial wizard who raised the ire of corporate Canada in the 1970s by bringing in a capital gains tax."

Pipe smoking
Pipe smoking is the practice of tasting (or, less commonly, inhaling) the smoke produced by burning a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, in a pipe. It is the oldest traditional form of smoking.

Regular pipe smoking is known to carry serious health risks including increased danger of various forms of cancer as well as pulmonary and cardiovascular illnesses.
Piano Quintet (Oswald)
The Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 18, by Henrique Oswald was finished in 1895. Like most of the piano quintets after the Schumann's, it is scored for piano, 2 violins, viola and cello. A typical performance takes 27–31 minutes.

Piano quintet
In classical music, a piano quintet is a work of chamber music written for piano and four other instruments, most commonly (since 1842) a string quartet (i.e., two violins, viola, and cello). The term also refers to the group of musicians that plays a piano quintet. The genre flourished during the nineteenth century.

Until the middle of the nineteenth century, most piano quintets were scored for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Following the success of Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E♭ major, Op. 44 in 1842, which paired the piano with a string quartet, composers increasingly adopted Schumann's instrumentation, and it was this form of the piano quintet that dominated during the second half of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century.

Among the best known and most frequently performed piano quintets, aside from Schumann's, are Schubert's Trout quintet and the piano quintets of Johannes Brahms, César Franck, Antonín Dvořák and Dmitri Shostakovich.