hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Platerówka
Gmina Platerówka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the village of Platerówka, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Lubań, and 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 47.94 square kilometres (18.5 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 1,631.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Meinke
Meinke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Meinke (1887–1952), American baseball player

Frank Meinke (1863–1931), American baseball player

Katrin Meinke (born 1979), German cyclist

Nina Meinke (born 1993), German boxer

Peter Meinke (born 1932), American author

Peter Meinke
Peter Meinke (born 1932 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American poet and author. He has published 18 books of poems and short stories. The Piano Tuner, won the 1986 Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction. His poetry has received many awards, including two NEA Fellowships and three prizes from the Poetry Society of America.  His work has appeared in The New Yorker, Atlantic Monthly, Poetry, Kalliope, A journal of women's art and literature and other magazines. He is the current poet laureate of Florida and was appointed on June 15, 2015.
Kuksu (religion)
Kuksu was a religion in Northern California practiced by members within several Indigenous peoples of California before and during contact with the arriving European settlers. The religious belief system was held by several tribes in Central California and Northern California, from the Sacramento Valley west to the Pacific Ocean.

The practice of Kuksu religion included elaborate narrative ceremonial dances and specific regalia. The men of the tribe practiced rituals to ensure good health, bountiful harvests, hunts, fertility, and good weather. Ceremonies included an annual mourning ceremony, rites of passage, and intervention with the spirit world. A male secret society met in underground dance rooms and danced in disguises at the public dances.

Among the Patwin and Maidu, Hesi developed as a subdivision of Kuksu distinguished by its female participation.

Kuksu has been identified archaeologically by the discovery of underground dance rooms and wooden dance drums.

Rite of passage
A rite of passage is a ceremony or ritual of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. It involves a significant change of status in society. In cultural anthropology, the term is the anglicisation of rite de passage, a French term innovated by the ethnographer Arnold van Gennep in his work Les rites de passage, The Rites of Passage. The term is now fully adopted into anthropology as well as into the literature and popular cultures of many modern languages.
Josep Ayala
Josep Manel Ayala Díaz (born 8 April 1980) is an Andorran international footballer. He currently plays as a midfielder for Inter Club d'Escaldes. Ayala formerly played for FC Santa Coloma, US Luzenac, CD Binéfar and FC Andorra. He made his international debut in 2002.

Luzenac AP
Luzenac AP (French: Luzenac Ariège Pyrénées) is a French football club based in the commune of Luzenac, Ariège. It was founded in 1936. They play at the Stade Paul Fédou, which has a capacity of 1,600. The colours of the club are red and blue.
Mike Peplinski
Mike Peplinski (born February 11, 1974) is an American curler and coach from Galesville, Wisconsin. He was the vice-skip for the Tim Somerville team at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, where curling debuted as an official Olympic medal sport. The team finished fourth after losing the bronze medal game to Norway. Peplinski was named Male Athlete of the Year by the United States Curling Association in 1994 and Developmental Coach of the Year by the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee in 2022.

Galesville, Wisconsin
Galesville is a city in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,662 at the 2020 census. A dam on Beaver Creek is located at Galesville, forming Lake Marinuka north of the city. The mayor is Vince Howe.
Karrick process
The Karrick process is a low-temperature carbonization (LTC) and pyrolysis process of carbonaceous materials. Although primarily meant for coal carbonization, it also could be used for processing of oil shale, lignite or any carbonaceous materials. These are heated at 450 °C (800 °F) to 700 °C (1,300 °F) in the absence of air to distill out synthetic fuels–unconventional oil and syngas. It could be used for a coal liquefaction as also for a semi-coke production. The process was the work of oil shale technologist Lewis Cass Karrick at the United States Bureau of Mines in the 1920s.

Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoirs, or unconventional resources (resource plays) are accumulations where oil and gas phases are tightly bound to the rock fabric by strong capillary forces, requiring specialized measures for evaluation and extraction.
Alsing Andersen
Alsing Emanuel Andersen (5 February 1893 – 5 December 1962) was a Danish social democrat politician.  Andersen served as the Minister of Defense (1935–1940) for Denmark. From 8 July 1940 to 1945, he served as the vice chairman of the Danish Social Democratic Party, and as the acting chairman of the party from the death of Thorvald Stauning (3 May 1942) until the end of the Nazi occupation of Denmark in 1945.  Andersen briefly returned to national politics as the Minister of the Interior from 13 to 23 November 1947.

He later served as the second President of the Socialist International from 1957 to 1962. His other post-war activities include acting as a chairman for the United Nations Commission appointed to investigate the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

Socialist International
The Socialist International (SI) is a political international consisting mostly of social democratic political parties and labour organisations. The SI was founded in support of democratic socialism, albeit it has generally moderated over time.

Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents in the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 132 member parties and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries, including most of Europe. In 2013, a schism in the SI led to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance.

The current president is the prime minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez, elected at the last SI Congress held in Madrid, Spain, in November 2022.
Q-York
Q-York is a Filipino American hip hop/R&B record production duo composed of Flava Matikz (DJ/producer) and Knowa Lazarus (songwriter/MC). The name Q-York stands for "Quality – Yields Our Richest Key" and also Queens, New York where the group was founded in 2001. They have released numerous albums, appeared on various compilations/mixtapes worldwide and are the official MC / DJ for the  FIBA 3x3 basketball tournament all throughout Asia.

Ogie Alcasid
Herminio Jose Lualhati "Ogie" Alcasid Jr. (born August 27, 1967) is a Filipino actor, singer, songwriter, comedian, director and producer. He is best known for his songwriting and collaboration with other musical artists. He has appeared in films and television shows, notably as a cast member of Tropang Trumpo (1994–1995) and Bubble Gang (1995–2013) and a host and main performer of SOP (1997–2010) and  ASAP (2017–present). He is currently married to Regine Velasquez, with whom he has one child.
Kai the Hitchhiker
Caleb Lawrence McGillvary (born September 3, 1988), also known as Kai, is a Canadian man who first became known from the internet viral video "Kai the Hatchet-Wielding Hitchhiker", which featured him recounting a crime he witnessed while hitchhiking. McGillvary subsequently received national attention in the press. In 2019, McGillvary was convicted of murder in New Jersey. He cited the fallout from the video as part of his defense against the homicide charge. In 2023, Netflix debuted the documentary The Hatchet Wielding Hitchhiker about McGillvary's rise to fame and murder trial.

Hitchhiking
Hitchhiking (also known as hitch-hiking, hitching, thumbing, and autostop) is a means of transportation that relies on soliciting rides from individuals, usually strangers.  Recognized hand gestures, signage, and casual prearrangement, as in a solicitation at a rest stop, are used.

Most hitchhikes are free.  Occasionally on a longer ride the driver may request their guest chip in towards gas, or coffee and such at a break; more often than asking they will volunteer to pay for such things themselves, recognizing that a person hitchhiking probably is low on funds, and willing to do a good turn.  Casual contribution by the hitcher towards expenses does not void a ride as a hitchhike, but arranging payment in advance, regardless of who is providing the transport, is fee-for-service, however informal.
A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries
A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries is an educational interactive CD-ROM game. The title aims to debunk myths about the human body, mind, sickness, and other topics.

A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries is a combination of two earlier titles, A.D.A.M. The Inside Story Complete, and Life's Greatest Mysteries. A.D.A.M. Nine Month Miracle, A.D.A.M. The Inside Story, and A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries were bundled together in the A.D.A.M Back-to-School Pack that was sold in mid-1996.

In critique, the Sydney Morning Herald felt the game wasn't comprehensive, but would instead offer a surface understanding that would encourage young players to learn more. The Independent thought it was a "useful adjunct to multimedia encyclopaedias". The New Castle, Pennsylvania News praised the game's engaging animation and graphics.

Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.

The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The internal human body includes organs, teeth, bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and blood, lymphatic vessels and lymph.

The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar, iron, and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to assist them in their work.
Adolf Kramer
Adolf Kramer  (1871 – 10 January 1934) was a Silesian German chess master.

He played in DSB Congress. He tied for 10-12th at Munich 1900 (Hauptturnier A), took 8th at Breslau 1912 (Hauptturnier B), shared 2nd at Hamburg 1921 (elim.), tied for 4-6th at Bad Oeynhausen 1922 (elim.), and took 5th at Duisburg 1929 (Hauptturnier B).

Kramer also participated several times in Silesian Chess Congress. He shared 1st with Ertelt and beat him in play-off at Beuthen (Bytom) 1923, shared 1st with Bergmann and lost to him in play-off at Bad Salzbrunn (Szczawno-Zdrój) 1924, took 4th at Altheide Bad (Polanica-Zdrój) 1926 (Fritz Sämisch won), took 5th at Gleiwitz (Gliwice) 1927 (Ludwig Schmitt and Heinz Foerder won), and took 4th at Reichenbach (Dzierżoniów) 1928 (Gottlieb Machate won).

Adolf Kramer famously beat former World Chess Champion Capablanca at Tartu in 1914 in just 9 moves (Capablanca apparently had a cold during this game)

Dzierżoniów
Dzierżoniów (Polish: [d͡ʑɛrˈʐɔɲuf] ⓘ; until 1946 Polish: Rychbach; German: Reichenbach im Eulengebirge [ˈʁaɪçn̩bax]) is a town located at the foot of the Owl Mountains in southwestern Poland, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Dzierżoniów County, and of Gmina Dzierżoniów (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, since the town forms a separate urban gmina).

Established in the 13th century, Dzierżoniów is a historical Lower Silesian town that covers an area of 20.1 square kilometres (7.8 sq mi), and as of December 2021 it has a population of 32,346. It is named after Polish priest and scientist Jan Dzierżon.

Unique and architecturally rich, Dzierżoniów features a central market square with elegant tenements and a town hall as well as few museums and restaurants. The Old Town is a venue for several annual events and fairs.
St Olave's Church, Southwark
St Olave's Church, Southwark was a church in Southwark, England which is believed to be mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. It was located on Tooley Street which is named after the church, i.e. 't'olous'. It became redundant in 1926 and was demolished. It is now the location of St Olaf House, which houses part of the London Bridge Hospital.

Bermondsey
Bermondsey (/ˈbɜːrməndzi/ BUR-mənd-zee) is a district in southeast London, part of the London Borough of Southwark, England, 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross. To the west of Bermondsey lies Southwark, to the east Rotherhithe and Deptford, to the south Walworth and Peckham, and to the north is Wapping across the River Thames.   It lies within the historic county boundaries of Surrey. During the Industrial Revolution Bermondsey became a centre for manufacturing, particularly in relation to tanning. More recently it has experienced regeneration including warehouse conversions to flats and the provision of new transport links.
Rancho Verde High School
Rancho Verde High School is one of three comprehensive high schools in the Val Verde Unified School District. The school is situated on 38 acres in the southern section of Moreno Valley, California. Rancho Verde represents a community of diverse social and economic backgrounds containing both suburban and rural populations. As of 2018, the school serves 2,074 students with 24.94 full-time equivalent (FTE) teachers and 83.17 FTE staff.

Val Verde County, Texas
Val Verde County is a county located on the southern Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2020 population is 47,586. Its county seat is Del Rio.  The Del Rio  micropolitan statistical area includes all of Val Verde County.

Val Verde, which means "green valley", was named for a battle of the Civil War. In 1862, soldiers of Sibley's Brigade took part in the Texas invasion of New Mexico Territory, where they captured several artillery pieces at the Battle of Val Verde. The battle is memorialized both in the name of the county and a small settlement in Milam County.
Enterobactin
Enterobactin (also known as enterochelin) is a high affinity siderophore that acquires iron for microbial systems. It is primarily found in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.

Enterobactin is the strongest siderophore known, binding to the ferric ion (Fe3+) with affinity K = 1052 M−1. This value is substantially larger than even some synthetic metal chelators, such as EDTA (Kf,Fe3+ ~ 1025 M−1). Due to its high affinity, enterobactin is capable of chelating even in environments where the concentration of ferric ion is held very low, such as within living organisms. Pathogenic bacteria can steal iron from other living organisms using this mechanism, even though the concentration of iron is kept extremely low due to the toxicity of free iron.

Chemical affinity
In chemical physics and physical chemistry, chemical affinity is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds.  Chemical affinity can also refer to the tendency of an atom or compound to combine by chemical reaction with atoms or compounds of unlike composition.
Philipp Heck
Philipp Heck (22 July 1858 – 28 June 1943) was a German jurist and a leading proponent of the doctrine of jurisprudence of interests.

After studies in Berlin, he taught law since 1891 at the University of Greifswald, since 1892 at the University of Halle and from 1901 until 1928 at the University of Tübingen. His work on judicial methodology was highly influential in helping to establish the doctrine of jurisprudence of interests, which he often polemically defended against the opposing schools of free law (Freirechtslehre) and the jurisprudence of concepts. Under National Socialist rule, Heck attempted to gain favor with the regime by using his methodology to justify the application of Nazi racial legislation.

Jurisprudence of concepts
The jurisprudence of concepts was the first sub-school of legal positivism, according to which, the written law must reflect concepts, when interpreted. Its main representatives were Ihering, Savigny and Puchta.

This school was, thus, the preceding trigger of the idea that law comes from a dogmatic source, imposition from man over man and not a natural consequence of other sciences or of metaphysical faith.

Among the main characters of the jurisprudence of concepts are:

formalism, search of rights in written law

systemisation

search for justifying specific norm with basis from more generic ones.

So, according to this school, law should have prevailing sources based upon the legislative process, although needing to be proven by more inclusive ideas of a social sense.
Drakeia massacre
The Drakeia  massacre (Greek: Η σφαγή της Δράκειας) refers to the mass execution of 115 men by SS soldiers in the village of Drakeia, located on Mount Pelion, in Thessaly, on 18 December 1943. It was part of the multiple Nazi reprisals against the Greek Resistance  in occupied Greece.

A wake in memory of the victims is held in the area every year, in the presence of members of the Greek Parliament,  members of the Government of Greece and other dignitaries.

Hellenic Parliament
37°58′31″N 23°44′13″E﻿ / ﻿37.97528°N 23.73694°E﻿ / 37.97528; 23.73694

The Parliament of the Hellenes (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, romanized: Voulí ton Ellínon), commonly known as the Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο, romanized: Ellinikó Koinovoúlio), is the unicameral legislature of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs).

It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. From 1844–1863 and from 1927–1935, the parliament was bicameral with an upper house (the Senate; Greek: Γερουσία, romanized: Gerousía) and a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies; Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων, Voulí ton Antiprosópon). Several important Greek statesmen have served as the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
Preah Ang Chek Preah Ang Chorm shrine
The Preah Ang Chek Preah Ang Chorm shrine (ព្រះអង្គចេក ព្រះអង្គចម) is a religious shrine in Siem Reap, Cambodia.  It is located within the compound of the Royal Residence where two Buddha statues referred to as Preah Ang Chek and Preah Ang Chorm are worshipped since 1982.

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Halappa Achar
Halappa Basappa Achar (born 1 December 1952) is an Indian politician who has served as the Cabinet Minister of Mines and Geology, Minister of Women and Child Development, and Minister of Disabled and Senior Citizens Empowerment for the Government of Karnataka since 4 August 2021. He is the in-charge minister of Dharwad District and a member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly, representing the Yelburga constituency.

He was previously elected as a Member of Karnataka Legislative Council from the Raichur Assembly constituency in 2010.

Ministry of Mines (India)
The Ministry of Mines is the ministry in the Government of India. The ministry functions as the primary body for the formulation and administration of laws relating to mines in India. The head of the ministry is G. Kishan Reddy, who has been serving since June 2024.
William Fawcett (botanist)
William Fawcett (1851–1926) was a British botanist and coauthor of the Flora of Jamaica.

He was born in Arklow, County Wicklow, on 13 February 1851. He studied at the University of London, obtaining a BSc in 1879. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1881 and was an assistant in the Department of Botany in the British Museum from 1880 to 1886.

Fawcett was Director of Public Gardens and Plantations in Jamaica from 1887 to 1908.  He then returned to Britain where he worked with Alfred Barton Rendle to produce the first few volumes of the Flora of Jamaica,
(illustrated by Beatrice O. Corfe and Helen Adelaide Wood).

He died at Blackheath, London on 14 August 1926.

Arklow
Arklow (/ˈɑːrkloʊ/ ARK-loh; from Old Norse  Arnkell-ló 'meadow of Arnkell'; Irish: An tInbhear Mór, lit. 'the great estuary') is a town in County Wicklow on the southeast coast of Ireland. The town is overlooked by Ballymoyle Hill. It was founded by the Vikings in the ninth century. Arklow was the site of one of the bloodiest battles of the 1798 rebellion. Its proximity to Dublin led to it becoming a commuter town with a population of 13,163 as of the 2016 census. The 2022 census recorded a population of 13,399. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Arklow is at the mouth of the River Avoca, the longest river wholly within County Wicklow. The town is divided by the river, which is crossed by the Nineteen Arches Bridge, a stone arch bridge linking the southern or main part of the town with the northern part, called Ferrybank. The Nineteen Arches Bridge is the longest handmade stone bridge in Ireland, and a plaque on the south end of the bridge acknowledges this.
Tatineni
Tatineni (Telugu: తాతినేని) is a Telugu surname:

Tatineni Chalapati Rao, famous Music Director of Telugu cinema.

Tatineni Prakash Rao, famous Director of Telugu cinema.

Tatineni Rama Rao, famous Director of Telugu cinema.

T. Prakash Rao
Tatineni Prakash Rao (24 November 1924 – 1 July 1992) was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked in Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil films. In a career spanning nearly four decades, he directed over 40 films.

He started his career as an assistant director for films like Palnati Yuddham (1947), Shavukaru (1950), Pathala Bhairavi (1951). He debuted as a director with the Telugu film Palletooru (1952) and later directed Pichi Pullayya (1953), Parivartana (1954), Jayam Manade (1956), Charana Daasi (1956), Illarikam (1959) in Telugu. In Hindi, he directed films like Sasural (1961), Suraj (1966), Izzat (1968) and Duniya (1968). His notable Tamil films include Amara Deepam (1956), Uthama Puthiran (1958), Nalla Theerpu (1959), and Padagotti (1964).