hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Emperors of Chocolate
The Emperors of Chocolate: Inside the Secret World of Hershey and Mars is a book by Joël Glenn Brenner published on December 22, 1998, by Random House, Inc. The book chronicles the stories of the history of Mars, Incorporated and The Hershey Company.

In a review for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Joseph Losos criticized the book's "naive" analysis of comparing periods, and said the book would be a disappointment to readers looking for a "serious, deeply analytical history" of chocolate companies during the 20th century. However, he praised the book as a journalistic comparison between Milton S. Hershey and Forrest Mars Sr., describing it overall as a "highly researched, fast-moving" text.

Mars Inc.
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services founded on June 23, 1911. Mars is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area, and is entirely owned by the Mars family. The company had US$45 billion in annual sales in 2022; that year Forbes ranked the company as the fourth-largest privately held company in the United States.

Mars operates in four subsidiaries around the world: Snacking (headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with U.S. headquarters in Hackettstown and Newark, New Jersey), Petcare (Zaventem, Belgium; Poncitlán, Jalisco, Mexico; Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California) and Mars Edge (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.
Ehman
Ehman is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerry Ehman, (1932 – 2006), Canadian ice hockey player and scout

Jerry R. Ehman, American astronomer best known for his work at SETI

Jakob Ehman, Canadian actor best known for his role as Miles in the film adaptation of The Drawer Boy.

Gerry Ehman
Gerald Joseph Ehman (November 3, 1932 – March 21, 2006) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Toronto Maple Leafs and the Oakland Seals/California Golden Seals between 1957 and 1971, and also spent several years in the minor American Hockey League, and other leagues. After retiring, he worked in executive positions for several years.
See More Business
See More Business (26 April 1990 – 24 July 2014) was a top-class National Hunt chaser in the late 1990s and early 2000s.  He won the 1999 Cheltenham Gold Cup as well as the 1997 and 1999 King George VI Chase.

Charlie Hall Chase
The Charlie Hall Chase is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in England which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Wetherby over a distance of about 3 miles (3 miles and 45 yards, or 4,869 metres), with 19 fences. The race is scheduled to take place each year in late October or early November.

The event was established in 1969, and it was originally called the Wetherby Pattern Chase. It replaced the Emblem Handicap Chase, a handicap named after Emblem, the winner of the Grand National in 1863.

The race became known as the Charlie Hall Memorial Wetherby Pattern Chase in 1978, in memory of the trainer Charlie Hall. This was shortened to the present title in 1990.

The Charlie Hall Chase has been sponsored by Bet365 since 2003.
No Mountains Poetry Project
The No Mountains Poetry Project was a unique and popular interdisciplinary program of workshops, live readings, recordings, and letterpress broadsides located in Evanston, Illinois during the 1970s. Its objectives were to bring poets and writers together with academic and non-academic audiences in non-traditional settings, to encourage poetry-as-performance, and to collaborate with the book and poster arts.

The project was the result of a collaboration between TriQuarterly magazine, Amazingrace Coffeehouse, The Whole Earth Center, and the Ravine Press.

Broadside (printing)
A broadside is a large sheet of paper printed on one side only. Historically in Europe, broadsides were used as posters, announcing events or proclamations, giving political views, commentary in the form of ballads, or simply advertisements. In Japan, chromoxylographic broadsheets featuring artistic prints were common.
Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani
Abū Mūsā ʿĪsā ibn al-Shaykh ibn al-Salīl al-Dhuhlī al-Shaybānī (Arabic: أبو موسى عيسى بن الشيخ بن السليل الذهلي الشيباني; died 882/83) was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe. Taking advantage of the domestic turmoil of the Abbasid Caliphate, he created a semi-independent Bedouin state in Palestine and southern Syria in ca. 867–870, before an Abbasid army forced him to exchange his domains with the governorship of Armenia and Diyar Bakr. In Armenia, he struggled to contain the rising power of the Christian princes, but after failing to suppress the revolt of one of his own subordinates, he abandoned the country and returned to his native Jazira. There he spent his last years until his death in a struggle with a rival strongman, the ruler of Mosul Ishaq ibn Kundajiq.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Eamonn Duggan
Eamonn Seán Duggan (Irish: Éamonn Ó Dúgáin; 2 March 1878 – 6 June 1936) was an Irish lawyer and politician who served as Government Chief Whip and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence from 1927 to 1932, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance from 1926 to 1927, Parliamentary Secretary to the Executive Council from 1922 to 1926, Minister without portfolio September 1922 to December 1922 and Minister for Home Affairs January 1922 to September 1922. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1933. He was a Senator from 1933 to 1936.

Minister of State at the Department of Defence
The Minister of State at the Department of Defence (Irish: Aire Stáit ag an Roinn Cosanta) is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Defence of the Government of Ireland who performs duties and functions delegated by the Minister for Defence. Although the position has often been held jointly with that of the post of Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach with responsibility as Government Chief Whip, which entitles the office-holder to regularly attend meetings of cabinet, the position of Minister of State does not itself hold cabinet rank. The title was first used on 1 January 1978, replacing the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence. The Minister of State at the Department of Defence is a member of the Council of Defence.

The current Minister of State is Thomas Byrne, TD, who was appointed in January 2025. Byrne is also Minister of State for European Affairs.
Coleoloides
Coleoloides, or the coleolids, are a genus of Cambrian small shelly fossils with an aragonite skeleton. They were first described in 1889 by Charles Doolittle Walcott as members of the pteropods. Their affinity is unknown but they were probably produced by an organism of the annelid grade of complexity.: 37  Calcium carbonate fossils of coleolids have been found at Newfoundland clustered together, oriented vertically.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Lorraine Smith Pangle
Lorraine Smith Pangle (born April 26, 1958) is a professor of political philosophy in the Department of Government and co-director of the Thomas Jefferson Center for the Study of Core Texts and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin. Her interests are ancient, early modern, and American political philosophy, ethics, the philosophy of education, and problems of justice and moral responsibility.
She has won fellowships from the Searle, Olin, and Earhart Foundations, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Pangle received her B.A. in history from Yale, a B.Ed. from the University of Toronto, and her PhD from University of Chicago in 1999. 
She is married to Thomas Pangle.

Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the treatment of individuals fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a 6th-century codification of Roman law, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

A society where justice has been achieved would be one in which individuals receive what they "deserve". The interpretation of what "deserve" means draws on a variety of fields and philosophical branches including ethics, rationality, law, religion, and fairness. The state may pursue justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings.
Neeraj George
Neeraj George, also known as Neeraj George Baby, is an Indian mountaineer and para badminton player from Aluva, Kerala. George climbed Kilimanjaro on crutches. Working as an employee in Advocate General office Kerala, George participated in many national and international Para-Badminton tournaments.

Crutch
A crutch is a mobility aid that transfers weight from the legs to the upper body. It is often used by people who cannot use their legs to support their weight, for reasons ranging from short-term injuries to lifelong disabilities.
Gravelbourg (electoral district)
Gravelbourg is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. This district was created before the 5th Saskatchewan general election in 1921. Redrawn and renamed "Assiniboia-Gravelbourg" in 1975, the riding was dissolved before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995.

It is now part of the Wood River constituency.

Wood River (electoral district)
Wood River is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in southern Saskatchewan, the district was created by the Representation Act, 1994 (Saskatchewan) out of parts of the former Assiniboia-Gravelbourg and Shaunavon constituencies. The district takes its name from the RM of Wood River, which is located in the centre of the constituency.

Communities in the riding include the towns of Assiniboia, Ponteix, Rockglen, Gravelbourg, Mossbank and Lafleche; and the villages of Vanguard, Wood Mountain, Hodgeville, Mankota, Bracken and Val Marie.
Bust of Matthew E. Welsh
Matthew E. Welsh is a public artwork by American artist Daniel Edwards. It is located on the third floor of the Indiana State House, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The bronze bust depicts Matthew E. Welsh, the 41st governor of Indiana (1961–1965). The bust measures 23.5 x 12.75 x 12 inches and has a wooden base which measures 4 x 14.75 x 10.5 inches. In 1996, one year after Welsh's death, the Indianapolis law firm of Bingham, Summers, Welsh & Spilman commissioned artist Daniel Edwards to sculpt the bust of Welsh.  The bust was dedicated in a ceremony at the Indiana Statehouse on December 20, 1996.

Indiana Statehouse
The Indiana Statehouse is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Indiana. It houses the Indiana General Assembly, the office of the Governor of Indiana, the Indiana Supreme Court, and other state officials. The Statehouse is located in the capital city of Indianapolis at 200 West Washington Street. Built in 1888, it is the fourth building to house the state government.

The first statehouse, located in Corydon, Indiana, is still standing and is maintained as a state historic site. The second building was the old Marion County courthouse which was demolished and replaced in the early 20th century. The third building was a structure modeled on the Parthenon, but was condemned in 1877 because of structural defects and razed so the current statehouse could be built on its location.
Markhalivka
Markhalivka (Ukrainian: Мархалівка) is a village in Fastiv Raion of Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Hlevakha settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is 1316 people.

The village is located 2 km east of the Highway M05 (Ukraine), and 2 km west of the Village of Ivankovichi. The distance to Kyiv is about 30 km, and the distance to Vasylkiv is 14 km.

Until 18 July 2020, Markhalivka belonged to Vasylkiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven. The area of Vasylkiv Raion was split between Bila Tserkva, Fastiv, and Obukhiv Raions, with Markhalivka being transferred to Fastiv Raion.

In the night on 25 May 2025, Shevchenko Street in Markhalivka was practically destroyed by Russian drone attack.

Hlevakha settlement hromada
Hlevakha settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Глевахівська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Fastiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Hlevakha.

It has an area of 96.6 square kilometres (37.3 mi2) and a population of 12,776, as of 2020.

The hromada includes 13 settlements: 1 town (Hlevakha), 11 villages:

And 1 rural-type settlement: Zelenyi Bir.
John Rosengrant
John Rosengrant is an American make-up and special effects artist. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Visual Effects for the film Real Steel. He also won three Primetime Emmy Awards in the category Outstanding Special and Visual Effects for his work on the television programs The Mandalorian and The Book of Boba Fett. He founded the company Legacy Effects with Lindsay Macgowan, Shane Mahan and Alan Scott.

Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the best achievement in visual effects. It has been handed to four members of the team directly responsible for creating the film's visual effects since 1980.
Carpe Diem (comic strip)
Carpe Diem is a gag panel comic strip by Swedish cartoonist Niklas Eriksson, syndicated by King Features. "Inspired by Gary Larson's The Far Side and Dan Piraro's Bizarro, Carpe Diem takes timeless situations that happen in daily life and spin them on their head, casting them anywhere from the dawn of the universe to modern-day couch potatoes, and every day in-between."

Dan Piraro
Daniel Charles Piraro (born October 1958), is a painter, illustrator, and cartoonist best known for his syndicated cartoon panel Bizarro. Piraro's cartoons have been reprinted in 16 book collections (as of 2012). He has also written three books of prose.
Indium(III) fluoride
Indium(III) fluoride or indium trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula InF3. It is a white solid.

It has a rhombohedral crystal structure very similar to that of rhodium(III) fluoride.  Each In center is octahedral. It is formed by the reaction of indium(III) oxide with hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid.

Indium(III) fluoride is used in the synthesis of non-oxide glasses. It catalyzes the addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to aldehydes to form cyanohydrins.

Cyanohydrin
In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin or hydroxynitrile is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom.  The general formula is R2C(OH)CN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl.  Cyanohydrins are industrially important precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids.  Cyanohydrins can be formed by the  cyanohydrin reaction, which involves treating a ketone or an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of excess amounts of sodium cyanide (NaCN) as a catalyst:

RR’C=O  +  HCN  →  RR’C(OH)CN

In this reaction, the nucleophilic CN− ion attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon in the ketone, followed by protonation by HCN, thereby regenerating the cyanide anion.  Cyanohydrins are also prepared by displacement of sulfite by cyanide salts:

Cyanohydrins are intermediates in the Strecker amino acid synthesis.  In aqueous acid, they are hydrolyzed to the α-hydroxy acid.
Scoop (journalism magazine)
Scoop is a quarterly magazine published in Perth, Western Australia for current members of the Australian Journalists Association (AJA). It is the most recent journal/annual that the long lasting branch of the Western Australian district or branch has produced.

It is currently published by the Australian Journalists Association section in Western Australia of the Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance.

Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance
The Media, Entertainment & Arts Alliance (MEAA) is the Australian trade union and professional organisation which covers the media, entertainment, sports and arts industries.

Its Musicians section consists of the SOMA (Symphony Orchestra Musician Association), TOMA (Theatre Orchestra Musicians Association), and, since December 2018, a new trade union for musicians, Musicians Australia (MA).
Kaharoa
Kaharoa is a rural area of New Zealand approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Rotorua and 45 km (28 mi) from Tauranga in the North Island. At its highest point the area is approx. 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level, with some areas able to see towards the coastline of the eastern Bay of Plenty.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "large net" for Kaharoa.

In the main the area is used for farming, formerly dry stock, but increasingly this is being converted to dairy. Some areas have been used for small blocks of forestry and there are areas of native bush, preserved to maintain and support the North Island kōkako, a native bird. Increasingly subdivision of land has taken place, with many former farms also being used as lifestyle blocks.

Hobby farm
A hobby farm (also called a lifestyle block, acreage living, or rural residential) is a smallholding or small farm that is maintained without expectation of being a primary source of income. Some are held simply to bring homeowners closer to nature, to provide recreational land for horses, or as working farms for secondary income.
David Murphy (Wexford Gaelic footballer)
David Murphy is an Irish Gaelic football manager and former player. He played for the Wexford county team until 2013, when he retired with 180 caps, making him his county's most experienced player of all-time. He captained Wexford against Dublin in the 2011 Leinster Senior Football Championship Final. He was cited for participating in a mass brawl against Longford in their 2013 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship second round qualifier and suspended for one match. Then manager, Conor O'Connor, said of Murphy "They come, they go, great players with lightning speed and thunderous shots.  But there is still only one Murph."
In January 2021, he was appointed manager of the Wexford under-20 football team.

Longford county football team
The Longford county football team represents Longford in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Longford GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Longford's home ground is Pearse Park, Longford. The team's manager is Mike Solan.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 1968 and the National League in 1966. Longford has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship.
Evansville Brewing Company
Evansville Brewing Company is a historic brewery located in downtown Evansville, Indiana. It was built between 1891 and 1893, and is a four-story, Romanesque Revival style brick building.: Part 1, p. 24

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Downtown Evansville
Downtown Evansville is the central business district of Evansville, Indiana. It is located between Canal Street at the south and east, the Lloyd Expressway to the north, Pigeon Creek to the northwest, and the Ohio River to the southeast south and southwest. Downtown Evansville is entirely within Pigeon Township.

It is home to the Evansville Civic Center. Berry Plastics, CenterPoint Energy, and Old National Bank, the largest financial services bank holding company headquartered in Indiana, have corporate headquarters in downtown Evansville.
Jowle
Jowle is a town in the northeastern Nugal region of Somalia.

A water pump built by Norwegian Church Aid on donation funds raised in the Norwegian TV Auction 2014 is placed in Jowle; the pump, which pumps up clean ground water from 150 meters below ground, was by 2017 sustaining 35,000 people in the otherwise drought-ridden Puntland.

Nugal, Somalia
Nugal (Somali: Nugaal, Arabic: نوغال, Italian: Nogal), traditionally known as Nugaaleed-Bari or Bari-Nugaal meaning eastern Nugaal, or Nugaal xaggeeda hoose meaning lower Nugaal, is an administrative region (gobol) in northern Somalia.
Rodiani
Rodiani (Greek: Ροδιανή), known before 1927 as Radouvista (Ραδουβίστα), is a community located in Aiani municipal unit, Kozani regional unit, in the Greek region of Macedonia. It is situated at an altitude of 680 meters. At the 2021 census, the population was 246. The town of Kozani, seat of the region, is 14 km from Rodiani.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
War Game (2024 film)
War Game is a 2024 American film directed by Jesse Moss and Tony Gerber. It is about American officials simulating a coup after a disputed election. The film premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival and was released in New York on August 2, 2024.

2024 Sundance Film Festival
The 2024 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 18 to 28, 2024. The first lineup of competition films was announced on December 6, 2023.

Among the highlighted events included the premiere of a documentary about the 1980s rock band Devo.