hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Horace Manges
Horace S. Manges (1898 – February 11, 1986) was an American lawyer, specializing in copyright law. He was a founding partner of Weil, Gotshal & Manges in 1931.

A native of New York City, Manges graduated from Columbia College and Columbia Law School. He became an authority on copyright law and served as a counsel to the American Book Publishers Council from 1953 to 1970. He advised publishers like Charles Scribner IV, and also represented many authors, including William Faulkner, John O'Hara, Truman Capote, Whittaker Chambers, and James Jones.

Together with Frank Weil and Sylvan Gotshal he founded Weil, Gotshal & Manges in 1931, which as of 2016 is one of the largest law firms in the world.

Manges was married to former Nathalie Bloch (d. 1983). The couple had two sons, Gerard H. Manges (d. 1983), and James H. Manges.

Columbia College, Columbia University
Columbia College is the oldest undergraduate college of Columbia University, a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.

Columbia was established as a colonial college by royal charter under George II of Great Britain. It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by alumni Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

Columbia College is distinctive for its comprehensive Core Curriculum and is among the most selective of American colleges, with an admission rate of 3.85% in 2024.
Vordingborg Municipality
Vordingborg Municipality (Danish: Vordingborg Kommune, Danish pronunciation: [ˌvɒːte̝ŋˈpɒˀ]) is a kommune in the Sjælland Region, which is on the southeast coast of the island of Zealand in south Denmark. It was established in 2007. The municipality covers an area of 621 km2. It has a total population of 45,057 (2025). Its fourth and current mayor is Mikael Smed of the Social Democrats, who was elected in 2017, replacing Michael Seiding Larsen of the agrarian-liberal Venstre party.

The municipality takes its name from the town of the same name.

2017 Danish local elections
Local elections were held on 21 November 2017 for Denmark's 98 municipal councils and five regional councils. All 2,432 seats were contested for the 2018–21 term of office, together with 205 seats (a fixed number of 41 seats in each council) in five regional councils. In the previous election, there were 2,444 seats in the municipal councils.
Yangtze River power line crossings
The Yangtze River power line crossings are overhead power lines that cross the Yangtze River in China. There are at least three power line crossings on the Yangtze River at Jiangyin, Nanjing, and Wuhu. The towers of the crossing in Jiangyin are among the highest in the world.

Overhead line crossing
An overhead line crossing is the crossing of an obstacle—such as a traffic route, a river, a valley or a strait—by an overhead power line. The style of crossing depends on the local conditions and regulations at the time the power line is constructed. Overhead line crossings can sometimes require extensive construction and can also have operational issues. In such cases, those in charge of construction should consider whether a crossing of the obstacle would be better accomplished by an underground or submarine cable.
Monneba
Monneba, also spelled Moneba and other ways, (fl. c. 1630) was a local Duala leader on the Cameroon coast in the 1630s. Dutch sources from the 1660s say that Monneba ran a trading post on the Cameroons River (the Wouri) at the present location of Douala. His people dealt primarily in ivory, with some slaves. Modern scholars equate Monneba with a Duala ruler named Mulobe a Ewale or Mulabe a Ewale. Assuming this is true, he is the earliest Duala leader of whom we have corroboration in written sources. It is quite possible that Monneba/Mulobe was the ruler who set into motion the transformation of the Duala into a trading people and the most influential ethnic group in early Cameroonian history.

Ivory trade
The ivory trade is the commercial, often illegal trade in the ivory tusks of the hippopotamus, walrus, narwhal, black and white rhinos, mammoth, and most commonly, African and Asian elephants.

Ivory has been traded for hundreds of years by people in Africa and Asia, resulting in restrictions and bans. Ivory was formerly used to make piano keys and other decorative items because of the white color it presents when processed but the piano industry abandoned ivory as a key covering material in the 1980s in favor of other materials such as plastic. Also, synthetic ivory has been developed which can be used as an alternative material for making piano keys.
Phoksundo Lake
Phoksundo Lake is an alpine fresh water oligotrophic lake in Nepal's Shey Phoksundo National Park at an elevation of 3,611.5 m (11,849 ft) in the Dolpa District. Phoksundo Lake is 494 ha (1.91 sq mi) in size with a water volume of 409,000,000 m3 (1.44×1010 cu ft) and a discharge of 3.715 m3/s (131.2 cu ft/s). In 2004, a survey by the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology measured the maximum depth of the lake at 145 m (476 ft). In 2019, another detailed survey was carried out by the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, which measured the maximum depth of the lake at 136.20 m (446.9 ft).

In September 2007, Phoksundo Lake has been designated a Ramsar site.

On the lake' southern end, the village of Ringmo sits on the 30,000- to 40,000-year-old landslide dam that formed the lake. Past the dam, the waters of the lake plunge over a 167 m (548 ft) tall waterfall.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Caitlin Deans
Caitlin Deans (born 5 December 1999) is a New Zealand swimmer who competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Deans was born in Dunedin and attended Columba College in Dunedin before graduating from the University of Otago in Physiology.

Columba College
Columba College is an integrated Presbyterian school in Roslyn, Dunedin, New Zealand.  The roll is made up of pupils of all ages.  The majority of pupils are in the girls' secondary, day and boarding school, but there is also a primary school for boys and girls in years 1–6.
Overcreek Dam
The Overcreek Dam was an earth-fill embankment dam on Rockyford Creek, a tributary of Gills Creek, in Forest Acres of Richland County, South Carolina. It was breached by flooding on 5 October 2015, due to record rainfall in South Carolina.

Forest Acres, South Carolina
Forest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,617 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area and is an enclave of the city of Columbia.
Wachita Mountain
Wachita Mountain is a summit in southern St. Francois County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The summit has an elevation of 1,027 feet (313 m). The broad hill lies about four miles southeast of Doe Run and the St. Francis River flows past the southeast side of the mountain. Klondike Hill lies adjacent to the northeast. Missouri Route AA traverses across the hill from northeast to southwest. The extreme south end of the mountain extends into northern Madison County.

The name, like that of Wachita Creek, which arises on the southwest slope of the mountain, derives from a variant spelling Wichita, from the Wichita people.

St. Francis River
The St. Francis River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, about 426 miles (686 km) long, in southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas in the United States. The river drains a mostly rural area and forms part of the Missouri-Arkansas state line along the western side of the Missouri Bootheel.
Cowboy Cavalier
Cowboy Cavalier is a 1948 American Western film directed by Derwin Abrahams and written by Ronald Davidson and J. Benton Cheney. The film stars Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Jan Bryant, Douglas Evans, Claire Whitney and William Ruhl. The film was released on July 11, 1948, by Monogram Pictures.

Derwin Abrahams
Derwin Abrahams (1903–1974) was an American film director.: 179   He directed four serials in the 1940s for Columbia Pictures, including Hop Harrigan, Chick Carter, Detective, Tex Granger, and Son of the Guardsman, followed by The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd in 1953. He also directed around two dozen western features, as well as episodes of the TV series The Adventures of Kit Carson, Hopalong Cassidy and The Cisco Kid.
Petherbridge
Petherbridge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Petherbridge (born 1927), athlete

Edward Petherbridge (born 1936), English actor, writer and artist

George Petherbridge (1927–2013), football player

Louise Petherbridge (born 1931), New Zealand actor, director, deviser, producer and lecturer

Mary Petherbridge (1870–1940), English indexer and founder of the Secretarial Bureau

Thomas Topham Petherbridge, land owner

Currie Street
Currie Street is a main street in the Adelaide city centre, South Australia. It runs east–to–west from King William Street, through Light Square, to West Terrace on the western edge of the city centre.
Multnomah County Justice Center
The Multnomah County Justice Center, or simply Justice Center, is a building located at 1120 Southwest 3rd Avenue in Portland, Oregon, United States. The building was designed by ZGF Architects. It is adjacent to Lownsdale Square in downtown Portland.

The building houses Portland Police Bureau's (PPB) Central Precinct on the bottom floors, followed by the Multnomah County Detention Center (one of the two county jails) and PPB's headquarters on the top floors. It also contains four court rooms of the Multnomah County Circuit Court, used mainly for arraignments. It was partially built with highway funds when Rocky Butte Jail was demolished to make way for Interstate 205.

ZGF Architects
ZGF Architects LLP (ZGF), formerly Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership, is an American architectural firm based in Portland, Oregon. It was founded in 1942 and has seven offices in the United States and Canada.
John Quiller Rowett
John Quiller Rowett (1876 – 1924) was a British businessman, philanthropist, who endowed the Rowett Research Institute. His wealth and business expertise were instrumental in supporting ambitious projects, most famously his backing of Ernest Shackleton’s final Antarctic expedition, on RYS Quest - The Shackleton-Rowett Expedition.

Dulwich College
Dulwich College is a 2–18 private, day and boarding school for boys in Dulwich, London, England. As a public school, it began as the College of God's Gift, founded in 1619 by Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars. It began to grow into a large school from 1857 and took its current form in 1870, when it moved into its current premises.

The school is included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. It is a member of both the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group.

Admission by examination is mainly into years 3, 7, 9, and 12 (i.e. ages 7, 11, 13, and 16 years old) to the Junior, Lower, Middle and Upper Schools into which the college is divided. In the 2025 A-levels, the school saw 67.7% of its candidates score A*/A.
PLL-05
The PLL-05 is a Chinese self-propelled gun-mortar in use by Chinese mechanised infantry formations. Conceptually it is similar to the Russian 2S23 "Nona-SVK" (the turret and weapon system of the 2S9 Nona mounted on a BTR-80 chassis) three of which China purchased for evaluation; at one time it was reported that China would purchase 100 of the Russian vehicles however this failed to occur, nor does it appear that there was a formal transfer of technology to China. The Chinese system features a longer barreled weapon mounted on the Type 92 variant of the WZ551 armored personnel carrier.

The gun-mortar is a lighter and more compact artillery piece than the traditional gun-howitzer at the expense of maximum range, which has improved accuracy, a higher rate of fire, and having the capability of using direct fire in comparison to standard infantry mortars.

Gun-howitzer
Gun-howitzer (also referred to as gun howitzer) is a type of artillery weapon that is intended to fulfill the roles of both an ordinary cannon or field gun, and of a howitzer. It is thus able to convey both direct and indirect fire. Modern gun-howitzers are usually identified just as howitzers.

To be able to serve as a howitzer, gun-howitzers are typically built to achieve at least 60° to 70° of elevation. For effective direct fire, the gun-howitzers typically employ a fairly long gun barrel, usually not shorter than 30 calibres. Also, its ammunition has a high muzzle velocity and is usually of large calibre (120 millimetres (4.72 in) or greater).
Campaneyan Kristo Rai
The Campaneyan Kriso Rai, also known as the Catholic Belltower, is a historic church tower in Garapan, the largest village on Saipan island in the Northern Mariana Islands.  Built in 1932, it is the only element of the island's most prominent Roman Catholic church to survive bombardment in World War II.  The tower, a concrete structure 3 meters (9.8 ft) square and 10 meters (33 ft) tall, was built by Spanish Jesuits brought in by the Japanese South Seas Mandate administration, and stood next to an 1860 wood-frame church.

The tower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Garapan, Saipan
Garapan (Old Japanese: 柄帆町, romanized: Garapan-chō) is the largest village and the center of the tourism industry on the island of Saipan, which is a part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Garapan, as a census-designated place, has an area of 1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi) and a population of 3,096 (census of population, 2020).
Amur Railway
The 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) broad gauge Amur Railway is the last section of the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia, built in 1907–1916. The construction of this railway favoured the development of the gold mining industry, logging, fisheries and the fur trade in Siberia and Russian Far East. It is over 2115 km in length, stretching across the Transbaikal Region and the Amur Oblast. The railway's main sections are: Kuenga-Uryum (204 km, 1907–1911); Uryum-Kerak (632 km, 1909–1913); Kerak-Deya with an offshoot to Blagoveshchensk (679 km, 1911–1915); Deya-Khabarovsk (481 km, 1915–1916). Ye.Yu.Podrutsky, Alexander Liverovsky, and V.V.Tregubov were the chief engineers, who oversaw the construction of the Amur Railway by approx. 54,000 workers (as of 1913), brought from Central Russia and Siberia (the Tsarist government specifically forbade the use of foreign workforce).

Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk (Russian: Хабаровск [xɐˈbarəfsk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 617,441. It was known as Khabarovka until 1893.

The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers.
Olympic Oval
The Olympic Oval in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is North America's first covered speed skating oval; it was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics and opened 39 years ago on September 27, 1987.

Located on the University of Calgary campus, it is the official designated training centre for Speed Skating Canada and the Elite Athlete Pathway. This oval includes an ice hockey rink, a short track speed ice skating rink, a 400m long track rink, and a 450 m running track.

Ice hockey rink
An ice hockey rink is an ice rink that is specifically designed for ice hockey, a competitive team sport. Alternatively it is used for other sports such as broomball, ringette, rinkball, and rink bandy. It is a rectangle with rounded corners and surrounded by walls approximately 1.22 metres (48 in) high called the boards. There are two standard rink sizes: North American and international.
Paradise Lost (2011 film)
Paradise Lost is a 2011 Chinese teen sex comedy film and the sequel to the film Pubescence and the second film in the Pubescence film series. It was directed and written by Guan Xiaojie, starring Zhao Yihuan and Wang Yi. It was released in China on Singles Day.

Teen film
Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers, preteens and/or young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors in their 20s. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females.

Films in this genre are often set in high schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age.
Montgomery Township, Gibson County, Indiana
Montgomery Township is the largest (in area) of the ten townships in Gibson County, Indiana as well as one of the largest townships by area in Southwestern Indiana, USA. At the 2020 census, its population was 4,020 (up from 3,996 in 2010) and it contained 1,624 housing units, 75% of which were in areas adjacent to Owensville. Montgomery Township is served by the South Gibson School Corporation. Gibson Generating Station and Gibson Lake are located at the northern end of Montgomery Township.

Southwestern Indiana
Southwestern Indiana is an 11-county region of southern Indiana, United States located at the southernmost and westernmost part of the state. As of the 2010 census, the region's combined population is 474,251. Evansville, Indiana's third-largest city, is the primary hub for the region, as well as the primary regional hub for a tri-state area that includes Kentucky and Illinois. Other regional hubs include Jasper, Vincennes, and Washington. Although part of a Midwestern state, certain parts of the region, largely along the Ohio River, may reflect some similarities with the neighboring Upland South (such as Kentucky or Tennessee), rather than the rest of the Midwest; the area is Midwest with occasional Southern influence, rather than Southern with a Midwest influence.
Mazandaran (Shahnameh)
Mâzandarân (Persian: مازندران, ultimately from Middle Persian: ), is an important place known as Devil's Land whose name is mentioned 63 times in the Shahnameh, the national epic of Greater Iran. There are references to the Mazandaran of legend not only in the Shahnameh, but also in the much older Avesta.

It is not clear where Mazandaran was located – various places have been suggested. Some scholars believe that Mazandaran was a region in India, others believe that Mazandaran is in the Levant or Egypt, but there is no consensus between scholars.

The Mazandaran of legend was inhabited by a population that was different from other Iranians:  godless magicians, they were invincible to other humans, conquerable only by the power of God.

National epic
A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks to or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation—not necessarily a nation state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group with aspirations to independence or autonomy.  National epics frequently recount the origin of a nation, a part of its history, or a crucial event in the development of national identity such as other national symbols.
Camperdown, South Africa
Camperdown is a settlement in Umgungundlovu District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It is approximately 60 km by road northwest of Durban and 20 km southeast of Pietermaritzburg. It was laid out in 1865 on the farm Camperdown, which was named to commemorate the victory of the British navy under Admiral Adam Duncan over the Dutch fleet under Admiral Jan Willem de Winter in October 1797.

Umgungundlovu District Municipality
uMgungundlovu is one of the 11 district municipalities ("districts") of KwaZulu-Natal province. The seat of uMgungundlovu is Pietermaritzburg. The majority of its 1 million+ residents speak Zulu (2001 Census). The district code is DC22.
Hor Al Anz
Hor Al Anz (Arabic: هور العنز) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.  The locality is in Deira, East Dubai. Hor Al Anz is bounded by routes D 82 (Abu Baker Al Siddique Road), E 11 (Al Ittihad Road), D 82 (Al Rasheed Road) and Baghdad Street (D 95) and is subdivided into Hor Al Anz and Hor Al Anz East.

Baghdad Street (Dubai)
Baghdad Street (Arabic: شارع بغداد) is a 2.3 km road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Named after the Iraqi capital city of Baghdad, it branches out from al-Ittihad Road in al-Nahda neighborhood and runs through al-Qusais and Muhaisnah neighborhoods before connecting Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road from the other end. It is overseen by the city's Roads and Transport Authority. In 2009, the General Directorate of Traffic reported that the street accounted for the second-most instances of pedestrian crossing violations.
Mandali Buddha Prasad
Mandali Buddha Prasad (born 26 May 1956)  is an Indian politician and former Deputy Speaker of Andhra Pradesh, India.  He is a staunch follower of Gandhian principles and a leader with Service motto and national outlook. Especially, he is known for his love and affection for Telugu language and Culture and for his unstinted efforts for their development and also for the welfare of Telugu people living all over the world.

Gandhians
The followers of Mahatma Gandhi, one of the prominent figure of the Indian independence movement, are called Gandhians.

Gandhi's legacy includes a wide range of ideas ranging from his dream of ideal India, those being environmentalism, women's rights, animal rights, spirituality, truth, nonviolence, asceticism, among others. Thus Gandhians hailing from a wide range of work profile attribute their ideas to him.

An overwhelming number of Bharat Ratna awardees are such individuals. In a 2012 poll called The Greatest Indian, the jury decided to keep Gandhi out as it "is impossible for anyone to come close to the father of the nation when it comes to leadership, impact and contribution". The poll included as many as 10 individuals in top 20 who were either close aides, disciples, successors or Gandhian ideologues.