hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Creativity techniques
Creativity techniques are methods that encourage creative actions, whether in the arts or sciences. They focus on a variety of aspects of creativity, including techniques for idea generation and divergent thinking, methods of re-framing problems, changes in the affective environment and so on. They can be used as part of problem solving, artistic expression, or therapy.

Some techniques require groups of two or more people while other techniques can be accomplished alone.  These methods include word games, written exercises and different types of improvisation, or algorithms for approaching problems. Aleatory techniques exploiting randomness are also common.

Divergent thinking
Divergent thinking is a thought process used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. It typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, "non-linear" manner, such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive fashion. Many possible solutions are explored in a short amount of time, and unexpected connections are drawn. Divergent thinking is often contrasted with convergent thinking. Convergent thinking is the opposite of divergent thinking as it organizes and structures ideas and information, which follows a particular set of logical steps to arrive at one solution, which in some cases is a "correct" solution.

The psychologist J. P. Guilford first coined the terms convergent thinking and divergent thinking in 1956.
Zübeyde Kaya
Zübeyde Kaya (born July 5, 1991) is a Turkish women's football defender, who most recently played in the Turkish Women's First League for Kdz. Ereğlispor. She was part of the Turkey girls' national U-17, Turkey women's U-19 and Turkey women's national teams.

Turkey women's national under-19 football team
The Turkey women's national under-19 football team (Turkish: Türkiye 19 Yaş Altı Kadın Millî Futbol Takımı) is the national under-19 football team of Turkey and is governed by the Turkish Football Federation.
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's 800 metres T53
The men's 800 metres T53 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, took place on 2 September 2021.

The T53 category is for wheelchair athletes with normal use of arms and hands, no or limited trunk function, and no leg function.

T53 (classification)
T53 is  disability sport classification for disability athletics.  The class includes people with a number of different types of disabilities including spinal cord injuries.  People in this class have full use of their arms but have no or limited trunk function. Similar classifications are T51, T52, and T54.   People in this class have a functional upper limbs, but limited trunk usage and limited lower limb functionality.  During classification, they both undergo a bench test of muscle strength and demonstrate their skills in athletics.  People in this class include  Tanni Grey-Thompson (GBR), Samantha Kinghorn (GBR), Angie Ballard (AUS) and Richard Colman (AUS).
Ífingr
In Norse mythology, Ífingr (sometimes anglicised as "Ifing") is a river that separates Asgard, the realm of the Æsir, from Jötunheimr, the land of jötnar, according to stanza 16 of the poem Vafþrúðnismál from the Poetic Edda:

Ifing the river is called, which divides the earth
between the sons of giants and the gods;
freely it will flow through all time,
ice never forms on the river.

John Lindow in Norse Mythology (2001) states in reference to Ifing that a river on which ice will never form is one that runs swiftly and therefore is extremely difficult to ford (thus forming an effective barrier between the worlds of gods and jötnar).

Poetic Edda
The Poetic Edda is the modern name for an untitled collection of Old Norse anonymous narrative poems in alliterative verse.  It is distinct from the closely related Prose Edda, although both works are seminal to the study of Old Norse poetry. Several versions of the Poetic Edda exist; especially notable is the medieval Icelandic manuscript Codex Regius, which contains 31 poems.
Berdagulovo
Berdagulovo (Russian: Бердагулово; Bashkir: Бирҙеғол, Birźeğol) is a rural locality (a village) in Inzersky Selsoviet, Beloretsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 240 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Beloretsky District
Beloretsky District (Russian: Белоре́цкий райо́н; Bashkir: Белорет районы, Beloret rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, Uchalinsky District in the east, Abzelilovsky District in the southeast, Burzyansky District in the south, Ishimbaysky District in the southwest, and with Gafuriysky and Arkhangelsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 11,302.58 square kilometers (4,363.95 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloretsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 38,442.
Sali Butka
Sali Butka (1852 – 24 October 1938), was an Albanian nationalist figure, revolutionary kachak, poet, and one of the delegates of the city of Korçë to the Albanian National Congress of Lushnjë. He was a well-known leader of an armed çeta band of Albanian fighters during the early 1900's.

Albanian Declaration of Independence
The Albanian Declaration of Independence (Albanian: Deklarata e Pavarësisë) was the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assembly of Vlorë formed the first Government of Albania which was led by Ismail Qemali and the Council of Elders (Pleqnia).

The success of the Albanian Revolt of 1912 sent a strong signal to the neighboring countries that the Ottoman Empire was weak. The Kingdom of Serbia opposed the plan for an Albanian Vilayet, preferring a partition of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire among the four Balkan allies. Balkan allies planned the partition of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire among them and in the meantime the territory conquered during First Balkan War was agreed to have status of the Condominium. That was the reason for Qemali to organize an All-Albanian Congress in Vlorë.
The Voice Kids (British TV series) series 5
The Voice Kids is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. The fifth series began airing on 27 December 2021, on ITV. The series was confirmed by ITV and applications opened in August 2020. Emma Willis returns to present the series. Danny Jones, Pixie Lott and will.i.am return as coaches, whilst on 7 February 2021, it was announced that Melanie C would replace Paloma Faith as a coach, who left after one series due to her pregnancy. Filming for the blind auditions began on 13 February 2021, whilst the final was pre-recorded on 13 March 2021, for which public voting was limited to fans in the auditorium. It was announced that the series would contain three episodes – two blind auditions and the final – aired over three consecutive nights, with the show concluding on 29 December.

Torrin Cuthill won the competition, marking Melanie C's first and only win as a coach. For the first time in the show's history, Christmas songs were included.

Emma Willis
Emma Louise Willis (née Griffiths; born 18 March 1976) is an English broadcaster. She is known for her television and radio work with Channel 5, BBC, ITV and Heart FM.

Willis presented the Channel 5 reality shows Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother (2013–2018), as well as the spin-off show Big Brother's Bit on the Side (2011–2015). She presented the BBC One and ITV1 talent competition show The Voice UK (2014–present), and the children's spin-off The Voice Kids UK (2017–2023). In 2019 and 2021, Willis presented the second and third series of the reality show The Circle on Channel 4. In 2024, she became a co-host of the Netflix dating show Love Is Blind: UK, alongside her husband Matt Willis.
Altaydyn cholmony
Altaydyn Cholmony (Altay: Алтайдыҥ чолмоны, CTA: Altaydıñ çolmonı, lit. Star of Altai) is the main Altai language newspaper of the Altai Republic. It is printed 3 times a week.

The newspaper received the Order of the Badge of Honour.

Previous designations:

1922-1923: Кызыл солун табыш (Red News)

1923-1925: Ойрот јери (Oirot region)

1925-1948: Кызыл Ойрот/Kьzьl Ojrot (Red Oirot)

Order of the Badge of Honour
The Order of the Badge of Honour (Russian: орден «Знак Почёта», romanized: orden "Znak Pochyota") was a civilian award of the Soviet Union.

It was established on 25 November 1935, and was conferred on citizens of the USSR for outstanding achievements in sports, production, scientific research and social, cultural and other forms of social activity; for promotion of economic, scientific, technological, cultural and other ties between the USSR and other countries; and also for significant contribution to basic and applied research.

The order was awarded 1,574,368 times.

The "Order of the Badge of Honour" was replaced by the "Order of Honour" (Russian: Орден Почёта) by a Decree of the Presidium of the USSR on 28 December 1988. Following the USSR dissolution, it was replaced by the "Order of Honour" of Russia, established by Presidential Decree no. 442 of 2 March 1994.
Morocco–Tunisia relations
Relations between the Maghreb countries of Morocco and Tunisia were first established in 1956. Both states' territory historically formed a part of the Carthaginian and Roman empires, before becoming protectorates within the French colonial empire.

Both countries are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, African Union, Arab League and Non-Aligned Movement. Morocco has an embassy in Tunis. Tunisia has an embassy in Rabat.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Pachybrachis brevicollis
Pachybrachis brevicollis is a species in the subfamily Cryptocephalinae ("case-bearing leaf beetles"), in the suborder Polyphaga ("water, rove, scarab, long-horned, leaf and snout beetles"). It is found in North America.

Cryptocephalinae
The Cryptocephalinae are a subfamily  of the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae), and belong to the group of case-bearing leaf beetles called the Camptosomata. The cases are made from the feces of larvae, passed from one instar to the next, and ultimately serves as a pupation chamber.

The tribes Fulcidacini and Clytrini were formerly considered subfamilies of their own, and are presently treated only as tribes.
The most recently created tribe Mylassini was erected in 2021 for the monotypic genus Mylassa.

Species in at least 14 genera of Clytrini and Cryptocephalini are myrmecophilous, living with ants. Most species exhibit polyphagy but there are patterns of constraints with certain plant lineages.

Exema, fecal case

Exema, larva

Neochlamisus, fecal case

Neochlamisus, larva removed from larval fecal case
Kvitouli Church of Kiachi
The Kvitouli Church of Kiachi (Georgian: ქიაჩის ეკლესია; Abkhaz: Қьач ауахәама) is a ruined medieval church in the Kvitouli, Ochamchire Municipality, Abkhazia, a breakaway region of Georgia. The ruins lie on the Kiachi hill, near the modern-day village of Jgerda, 8 km south of the Kodori river, in the Tsebelda valley. The name Kvitouli refers to a historical community to which the church belonged and of which the modern-day village of Kutol/Kutoli is part.

Ochamchire Municipality
Ochamchire Municipality (Georgian: ოჩამჩირის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Očamčiris municip’alit’et’i; Abkhaz: Очамчыра амуниципалитет) is an administrative unit in the Georgian Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. The capital of the municipality is Ochamchire. Ochamchire Municipality has boundaries with Gulripshi Municipality and Gali Municipality of Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Tsalenjikha Municipality of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti.
2005 Bougainvillean general election
The inaugural of the presidential and the parliamentary elections were held in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea from 20 May to 9 June 2005. Considered fair, peaceful and successful, the elections resulted in Joseph Kabui becoming the first President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville.

Politics of Papua New Guinea
The politics of Papua New Guinea takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic multi-party system, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Papua New Guinea is an independent Commonwealth realm, with the monarch serving as head of state and a governor-general, nominated by the National Parliament, serving as their representative. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament.

Constitutional safeguards include freedom of speech, press, worship, movement, and association. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Maurice Lafforgue
Maurice Lafforgue (26 March 1915 – 31 October 1999) was a French alpine skier who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics. He was born in Bagnères-de-Luchon and was the father of Britt Lafforgue and Ingrid Lafforgue. In 1936, he finished eleventh in the alpine skiing combined event.

Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics – Men's combined
The men's combined event was part of the alpine skiing programme at the 1936 Winter Olympics. It was the debut of alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics, and was the only men's event. The competition consisted of a downhill race on Friday, 7 February and two slalom heats on Sunday, 9 February.

Sixty-six alpine skiers from 21 nations competed. Notably absent were Austria and Switzerland.
Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet
Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, 1st Baronet, GCB (5 April 1769 – 20 September 1839) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He took part in the Battle of Cape St. Vincent in February 1797, the Battle of the Nile in August 1798 and the Battle of Copenhagen in April 1801 during the French Revolutionary Wars. Hardy served as flag captain to Vice-Admiral Lord Nelson, and commanded HMS Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in October 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars. Nelson was shot as he paced the decks with Hardy, and as he lay dying, Nelson's famous remark of "Kiss me, Hardy" was directed at him. Hardy went on to become First Naval Lord in November 1830 and in that capacity refused to become a Member of Parliament and encouraged the introduction of steam warships.

Broad pennant
A broad pennant is a triangular swallow-tailed naval pennant flown from the masthead of a warship afloat or a naval headquarters ashore to indicate the presence of either:

(a) a Royal Navy officer in the rank of Commodore, or

(b) a U.S. Navy Captain serving in a designated Commodore command billet.

The flag is so called as a broad pennant because its dimensions are roughly 2:3.
Robin (nuclear primary)
The Robin nuclear primary was the common design nuclear fission bomb core for several Cold War designs for American nuclear and thermonuclear weapons, according to researcher Chuck Hansen. Primary is the technical term for the fission bomb component of a thermonuclear or fusion bomb, which is used to start the reactions going and implode and detonate the second, fusion stage. The Robin design was used as the W45 nuclear warhead, and as the primary (stage) in the W38 and W47 thermonuclear weapons.

It has been associated with the W48 nuclear warhead, but this is probably an error.

W47
The W47 was an American thermonuclear warhead used on the Polaris A-1 submarine-launched ballistic missile system. Various models were in service from 1960 through the end of 1974. The warhead was developed by the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory between 1957 and 1960.

The W47 was 18 in (460 mm) in diameter and 47 in (1,200 mm) long, and weighed 720 lb (330 kg) in the Y1 model and 733 lb (332 kg) in the Y2 model. The Y1 model had design yield of 600 kilotons and the Y2 model had a doubled design yield of 1.2 megatons.
 The W47 was the first warhead with a new, miniaturized pit. A cone-shaped extension at the base of the reentry vehicle provided stability of orientation during descent. Two small rocket motors were used to spin the warhead for better stability and symmetry during reentry.
PEN/Jacqueline Bograd Weld Award
The PEN/Jacqueline Bograd Weld Award is awarded by the PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) to honor a "distinguished biography possessing notable literary merit which has been published in the United States during the previous calendar year." The award carries a $5,000 prize.

The award was established by Rodman L. Drake. Previous judges include Brad Gooch, Benjamin Taylor, and Amanda Vaill.

The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centers around the world. The PEN American Center awards have been characterized as being among the "major" American literary prizes.

PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centres in more than 100 countries.

Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.
Chandpur Union, Kumarkhali
Chandpur Union (Bengali: চাঁদপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Kumarkhali Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 44.03 square kilometres (17.00 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 28,311. There are 13 villages and 14 mouzas in the union.

Kushtia District
Kushtia District (Bengali: কুষ্টিয়া জেলা; pronounced [kuʃʈi̯a‿d͡ʒela] ⓘ) is a district in the Khulna administrative division of western Bangladesh. Kushtia is the second largest municipality in Bangladesh and the eleventh largest city in the country. Kushtia has existed as a separate district since the partition of India. Prior to that, Kushtia was name of a subdivision of Nadia district. Kushtia is the birthplace of many historical figures including Mir Mosharraf Hossain (1847–1912), Bagha Jatin (1879–1915) Akshay Kumar Maitreya(1861 – 1930) and Lalon (1774–1890). Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore lived his early life at Shelaidaha, a village in the district.
Tempted (horse)
Tempted (foaled 1955 in Kentucky) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse.

Trained by future U.S, Racing Hall of Fame inductee Henry Clark and usually ridden by Eldon Nelson, Tempted was a multiple stakes winner of important races for fillies. In 1959 she was voted American Champion Older Female Horse honors.

Eclipse Award
The Eclipse Award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing award named after the 18th-century British racehorse and sire, Eclipse.

An Eclipse Award Trophy is presented to the winner in each division. The trophy is made by a few small selected American foundries with expertise in studio bronze casting. It is then mounted on the hand-crafted native Kentucky walnut base to comprise the Eclipse Award on which a brass plate recites the award winner.

The equivalent award in Australia is the Australian Thoroughbred racing awards, in Canada the Sovereign Awards, and in Europe, the Cartier Racing Awards.
Oleg Kovalyov (politician)
Oleg Ivanovich Kovalyov  (Russian: Оле́г Ива́нович Ковалёв; 7 September 1948 – 11 May 2020) was a Russian politician who served as governor of Ryazan Oblast (2008–2017).

He was a member of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the third, fourth and fifth convocations (1999–2008), Honored Builder of the Russian Federation (1997).

Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" (Russian: Орден «За заслуги перед Отечеством», romanized: Orden "Za zaslugi pered Otechestvom") is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was instituted on 2 March 1994 by Presidential Decree 442.  Until the re-establishment of the Order of St. Andrew in 1998, it was the highest order of the Russian Federation. The order's status was modified on 6 January 1999 by Presidential Decree 19 and again on 7 September 2010 by Presidential Decree 1099.
Coat of arms of Lebanon
Lebanon never officially adopted a coat of arms or emblem. However, various unofficial coats of arms have been used since the proclamation of independence on 7 December 1943, but were not in any type of use until the flag's modification in 21 September 1990. The main variant consists of a red shield with a white bend sinister on which is placed a cedar tree. It is similar to the flag of Lebanon, with the exception of the Spanish fess on the flag being changed into a bend sinister.

The seals of the Supreme Judicial Council of Lebanon, of the President of the Republic, and of the Republican Guard also feature variants of the unofficial coat of arms.

Spanish fess
In heraldry and vexillology, a Spanish fess is a term occasionally used to describe the central horizontal stripe of a tricolour or triband flag that is twice the width of the stripes on either side of it.

The name is based on the most well-known example of this style of flag, the flag of Spain, and in analogy to the equivalent term for vertically striped flags, the Canadian pale.
Kasmala (river)
The Kasmala (Russian: Касмала) is a river in Altai Krai, Russia. The river is 119 kilometres (74 mi) long and has a catchment area of 2,550 square kilometres (980 sq mi).

The basin of the river is located in the Rebrikhinsky and Pavlovsky districts. Kasmala rural locality is named after the river.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Samir Elmesirri
Samir Elmissiri (born 1941) is an Egyptian artist. He was born in Cairo, Egypt, in 1941, and now lives in Alexandria. He is a member of the Syndicate of Plastic Arts. He has had 17 exhibitions as of May 2010. He received second place for the plastics arts for public culture in 1974, and got first place for Alexandrias' first festival in 1976.

In 1962, while studying in the faculty of commerce, he studied painting and drawing at the same time with Adham Wanly. Samir started his career as a painter as a protégé of Adham Wanly's brother Seif Wanly. At 1967 he finished his studies in both the university and the institute. Since that time he worked several jobs till he retired in 1998.

Adham Wanly
Adham Wanly (Arabic: إبراهيم أدهم إسماعيل محمد وانلي) (25 February 1908 in Alexandria, Egypt – 20 December 1959) was an Egyptian painter  who learnt in the atelier of the Italian Otorino Becchi 1932, then set up his own atelier with his brother Seif Wanly, and participated in many local and international exhibitions, especially Venice, São Paulo (Brasil), Alexandria Biennale.