hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ch'alla Jawira (Ingavi)
The Ch'alla Jawira (Aymara ch'alla sand, jawira river, "sand river", also spelled Challa Jahuira) is a river in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. It is a left tributary of the Tiwanaku River which empties into Wiñaymarka Lake, the southern part of Lake Titicaca.

The Ch'alla Jawira originates from various intermittent streams of the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range northeast, north and northwest of the peak of Kimsa Chata in the Ingavi Province, Tiwanaku Municipality. Its direction is mainly to the north. The confluence with the Tiwanaku River is northwest of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Tiwanaku at 16°32′52″S 68°41′20″W﻿ / ﻿16.54778°S 68.68889°W﻿ / -16.54778; -68.68889.

Wiñaymarka Lake
Wiñaymarka Lake (also: Huiñaymarca) is the southern branch of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia and Peru. The lake is hypothesised to have dried up during the  Middle Formative Period as a result of a long-term drop in precipitation in the Altiplano from 400 to 200 BCE.
Old Brick Store
Old Brick Store, also known as the Old Brick Hotel and The Granary, is a historic commercial building located near Smyrna, New Castle County, Delaware.  It was built about 1764, and is a two- to three-story, three bay brick building.  The building marks the location of
what may have been a grain shipping center for southern New Castle County.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Diouna
Diouna is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune includes 11 villages in an area of approximately 175 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 9,244. The chef-lieu of the commune is the village of Diouna which lies 49 km east of Ségou.

Ségou
Ségou (French pronunciation: [seɡu]; Bambara: ߛߋߜ߭ߎ߫, Segu) is a town and an urban commune in south-central Mali that lies 235 kilometres (146 mi) northeast of Bamako on the right bank of the River Niger. The town is the capital of the Ségou Cercle and the Ségou Region. With 130,690 inhabitants in 2009, it is the fifth-largest town in Mali.

In the middle of the 19th century there were four villages with the name of Ségou spread out over a distance of around 12 km (7.5 mi) along the right bank of the river. They were, starting from the most upstream, Ségou-Koro (Old Ségou), Ségou-Bougou, Ségou-Koura (New Ségou) and Ségou-Sikoro. The present town is on the site of Ségou-Sikoro.
Abraham–Minkowski controversy
The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. Two equations were first suggested by Hermann Minkowski (1908) and Max Abraham (1909) for this momentum. They predict different values, from which the name of the controversy derives. Experimental support has been claimed for both.

The two points of view have different physical interpretations and thus neither need be more correct than the other.
David J. Griffiths argues that, in the presence of matter, only the total stress–energy tensor carries unambiguous physical significance; how one apportions it between an "electromagnetic" part and a "matter" part depends on context and convenience.

Several papers have claimed to have resolved this controversy.

The controversy is still claimed to have importance in physics beyond the Standard Model where electrodynamics gets modifications, like in the presence of axions.

Stress–energy tensor
The stress–energy tensor, sometimes called the stress–energy–momentum tensor or the energy–momentum tensor, is a tensor field quantity that describes the density and flux of energy and momentum at each point in spacetime, generalizing the stress tensor of Newtonian physics. It is an attribute of matter, radiation, and non-gravitational force fields. This density and flux of energy and momentum are the sources of the gravitational field in the Einstein field equations of general relativity, just as mass density is the source of such a field in Newtonian gravity.
Brigitte Mohn
Brigitte Mohn (née Scholz, born 28 June 1964) is a German businesswoman and chairwoman of the executive board of the Bertelsmann Stiftung. She is a shareholder of the Bertelsmann Verwaltungsgesellschaft (BVG) and a member of the supervisory boards of the Bertelsmann group. Mohn is also chairwoman of the board of trustees of the German Stroke Foundation.

Bertelsmann
Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, commonly known as Bertelsmann (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁtl̩sˌman] ⓘ), is a German private multinational conglomerate corporation based in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of the world's largest media conglomerates and is also active in the service sector and education.

Bertelsmann was founded as a publishing house by Carl Bertelsmann in 1835. After World War II, Bertelsmann, under the leadership of Reinhard Mohn, went from being a medium-sized enterprise to a major conglomerate, offering not only books but also television, radio, music, magazines and services. Its principal divisions include the RTL Group, Penguin Random House, BMG, Arvato, the Bertelsmann Marketing Services, the Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.

Bertelsmann is an unlisted and capital market-oriented company, which remains primarily controlled by the Mohn family.
AZERTY
AZERTY (/əˈzɜːrti/ ə-ZUR-tee) is a specific layout for the characters of the Latin alphabet on typewriter keys and computer keyboards. The layout takes its name from the first six letters to appear on the first row of alphabetical keys; that is, (A Z E R T Y). Like other European keyboard layouts, it is modelled on the English-language QWERTY layout. It is used in France and Belgium, though both countries have their own national variation on the layout.

The competing layouts devised for French (e.g. the 1907 ZHJAY layout, Arav Dixit's 1976 layout, the 2002 Dvorak-fr, and the 2005 BÉPO layout) have obtained only limited recognition, although the latter has been included in the 2019 French keyboard layout standard.

Y
Y, or y, is the twenty-fifth and penultimate letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. According to some authorities, it is the sixth (or seventh if including W) vowel letter of the English alphabet. Its name in English is wye (pronounced /ˈwaɪ/ ⓘ), plural wyes.

In the English writing system, it mostly represents a vowel and seldom a consonant, and in other orthographies it may represent a vowel or a consonant.
Einar Sommerfeldt
Einar Sommerfeldt (16 July 1889 – 29 April 1976) was a Norwegian rower. He was born in Kristiania, and competed for Christiania Roklub. He competed in the men's eight at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

Christiania RK
Christiania Roklub is a rowing club from Oslo, Norway.

Established in 1878, it is based in Frognerkilen in the Oslofjord, not far from Skarpsno. Its characteristic club house is called "Kongen" ('The King'), and was erected in 1925.

Well-known members of the club include the 1912 Olympic competitors in the coxed fours event—Henry Larsen, Mathias Torstensen, Theodor Klem, Håkon Tønsager and Ejnar Tønsager—and the 1920 Olympic bronze medallists in the same event—Birger Var, Theodor Klem, Henry Larsen, Per Gulbrandsen and Thoralf Hagen—as well as later competitors, like Pål Børnick.
Life Goes On (Ed Sheeran song)
"Life Goes On" is a song written and recorded by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released on 12 May 2023 through Asylum and Atlantic Records as the third single from his fifth studio album, − ("Subtract") after a duet version featuring American singer-songwriter Luke Combs was released that same day. The song was produced by Aaron Dessner. The official music video for the solo version of the song premiered alongside all the remaining videos for every song on the album on 5 May 2023, the same day the album was released.

Asylum Records
Asylum Records is a defunct American record label, founded in 1971 by David Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts. It was taken over by Warner Communications (now the Warner Music Group) in 1972, and later merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records.

After previous incarnations, it is geared primarily towards hip-hop, along with rock and alternative metal. It is owned and distributed by Warner Music Group.
Ezhumin
Ezhumin is a 2018 Indian martial arts film that primarily focuses on the importance of martial arts and self-defense. This film is written and directed by V.P. Viji, who also produced this film under his own production company, Vaiyam Mediyas. The film was released on 18 October 2018, with Telugu and Malayalam version released on the same date at a later time.

This film stars Vivek and Devayani in the lead roles. The film's music was composed by debutant Ganesh Chandrasekaran, with the film's background score composed by Srikanth Deva.

Srikanth Deva
Srikanth Deva is an Indian music director of Tamil films. He made his debut as music director in the Tamil movie Doubles in 2000. He is the son of famous music composer Deva, nephew of the famous music director duo Sabesh–Murali and the cousin of actor Jai. In 2023, Srikanth Deva was awarded the National Film Award – Special Mention (non-feature film) for composing music for a Tamil short film called Karuvarai (2021).
Paignton Windmill
Paignton Windmill, also known as Fernicombe Windmill, is a late 18th-century windmill situated on the outskirts of the town of Paignton, Devon, England. It is a Grade II Listed Building, and lies in a partially ruinous state.

Windmill
A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.
Tiger blood
Tiger blood or tiger's blood can refer to:

the blood of a tiger

Tiger's blood, a flavor of frozen desserts also called tiger blood

a phrase used by actor Charlie Sheen

"Tiger Blood", a track on the single Wetsuit / Tiger Blood by the Vaccines

"Tiger Blood", a 2013 album by The Quill

Tiger Blood, a sequel novel to The Tiger's Apprentice by Laurence Yep

Tigers Blood, a 2024 album by Waxahatchee

Tiger's blood
Tiger's blood or tiger blood is a flavor of shave ice, snow cones, and other products.

Contrary to the flavor's name, it does not contain blood or anything from tigers.  The flavor is a combination of strawberry, watermelon, and a smaller amount of coconut, though some syrup makers have slightly different recipes and add other flavors like cherry.

Though the flavor is strongly associated with Hawaiʻi, some think it originated in Texas in the 1980s.  However, ads from the area at the time make clear the connection to Hawaiʻi, and the flavor was still considered exotic in Texas into the next decade.  Also in the mid 1980's tiger blood was appearing in Utah and South Carolina along with imaginative flavors like "rock & roll" and "popeye".  In 1977 the flavor was in Missouri at a New Orleans-style shave-ice shop.
Melby, Halsnæs
Melby is a village located on the Halsnæs peninsula, midway between Frederiksværk and Hundested, Halsnæs Municipality, North Zealand, some 60 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It most notable landmarks are its church, its windmill and a former military camp. Melby Station is served by the Hundested Line between Hillerød and Hundested. As of 1 January 2025, the population was 783.

The name Melby is also associated with Melbylejren, a former military installation which is now located in Liseleje-Asserbo, as well as Melby Overdrev, an area of protected heatherlands separating Liseleje and Asserbo Plantations to the east of Liseleje.

North Zealand
North Zealand, also North Sealand (Danish: Nordsjælland), refers to the northeastern part of the Danish island of Zealand. The area has three royal castles and offers resorts with beaches, as well as lakes and forests. In addition to Kronborg Castle, three of the North Zealand forest areas used for royal par force hunting are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Danish tourist authorities have recently introduced the term Danish Riviera to cover the area in view of its increasing importance for tourism.
Rettenbach (ski slope)
Rettenbach (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈrɛtn̩bax]) is a World Cup giant slalom ski course in Austria on Rettenbach glacier above Sölden, Tyrol. Located on Wildspitze mountain in the Ötztal Alps, the race course debuted in 1993.

This course hosted total of 21 World Cup events for men (19th of all-time) and total 24 World Cup events for women (19th of all-time).

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
San Sebastián Teitipac
San Sebastián Teitipac is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of  km2. 
It is part of the Tlacolula District in the east of the Valles Centrales Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of .

Oaxaca Valley
The Central Valleys (Spanish: Valles Centrales) of Oaxaca, also simply known as the Oaxaca Valley, is a geographic region located within the modern-day state of Oaxaca in southeastern Mexico. In an administrative context, it has been defined as comprising the districts of Etla, Centro, Zaachila, Zimatlán, Ocotlán, Tlacolula and Ejutla. The valley, which is located within the Sierra Madre Mountains, is shaped like a distorted and almost upside-down “Y,” with each of its arms bearing specific names: the northwestern Etla arm, the central southern Valle Grande, and the Tlacolula arm to the east.  The Oaxaca Valley was home to the Zapotec civilization, one of the earliest complex societies in Mesoamerica, and the later Mixtec culture. A number of important and well-known archaeological sites are found in the Oaxaca Valley, including Monte Albán, Mitla, San José Mogote and Yagul. Today, the capital of the state, the city of Oaxaca, is located in the central portion of the valley.
Émile-Louis Burnouf
Émile-Louis Burnouf (French: [emil.lwi byʁnuf]; 26 August 1821, in Valognes – January 1907, in Paris) was a leading nineteenth-century Orientalist and racialist author of Aryanism. He was a professor at the faculté des lettres at Nancy University, then principal of the French School at Athens from 1867–1875. He was also the author of a Sanskrit-French dictionary.

Nancy-Université
Nancy-Université was a French federal university which federated the three principal institutes of higher education in Nancy, Lorraine before their merger into the University of Lorraine:

Henri Poincaré University (UHP, also known as Nancy 1): natural sciences, wrapping several faculties and engineering schools;
École Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de l'Ingénieur de Nancy: general engineering
Telecom Nancy: Computer science and engineering

Nancy 2 University: social sciences

Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine (Lorraine INP): It federates 11 engineering schools.

With over 50,000 students, Nancy had the fifth largest student population in France.
Battle of Lake Khasan
The Battle of Lake Khasan (Russian: Хасанские бои), also known as the Changkufeng Incident (Chinese and Japanese: 張鼓峰事件; Chinese pinyin: Zhānggǔfēng Shìjiàn; Japanese romaji: Chōkohō Jiken), was an attempted military incursion by Manchukuo, a Japanese puppet state, into territory claimed and controlled by the Soviet Union. The incursion, which occurred from 29 July to 11 August 1938, was founded in the Japanese belief that the Soviet Union had misinterpreted the demarcation of the boundary based on the Treaty of Peking between Imperial Russia and Qing China, and had subsequently tampered with the demarcation markers. Japanese forces occupied the disputed area but withdrew after heavy fighting and a diplomatic settlement.

Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.
Charlie Johnson (bandleader)
Charlie "Fess" Johnson (November 21, 1891, Philadelphia – December 13, 1959, New York City) was an American jazz bandleader and pianist.

Charlie "Fess" Johnson was born 1891 in Philadelphia.
Johnson led an ensemble called the Paradise Ten. From 1925–1935, it played at Smalls Paradise, a nightclub in Harlem, and recorded five times between 1925 and 1929. Though Johnson was a capable pianist, he rarely soloed on his recordings.

The Paradise Ten ensemble included trumpeters Jabbo Smith, Leonard Davis, Sidney DeParis, and Thomas Morris, trombonists Charlie Irvis and Jimmy Harrison, alto saxophonists Benny Carter and Edgar Sampson, and tenor saxophonist Benny Waters. 
Johnson led the ensemble until 1938; following this he freelanced in various ensembles until he retired owing to health problems in the 1950s. He died 1959 in New York City

Leonard Davis (musician)
Leonard "Ham" Davis (July 4, 1905, in St. Louis, Missouri – 1957) was an American jazz trumpeter.

Davis began his career in St. Louis, playing with the Odd Fellows Boys' Band as a teenager and landing a spot in Charlie Creath's band. Late in the 1920s, he relocated to New York City, where he played in the bands of Edgar Hayes and Arthur Gibbs. He recorded for the first time with Eddie Condon's ensemble in 1929, and sat in with McKinney's Cotton Pickers that same year. In the 1930s he played with Benny Carter, Don Redman, and Elmer Snowden, and did a two-year stint in Louis Armstrong's orchestra starting in 1935. Toward the end of the decade he toured Europe with Edgar Hayes and played in the Blackbirds revue in New York City.

Davis joined Sidney Bechet's revival group in 1940, and also played in bands led by Maurice Hubbard, Albert Socarras, and George James. He continued performing in small-time settings in New York through the mid-1950s.
Kirsty Wark
Kirsteen Anne Wark (born 3 February 1955) is a Scottish television presenter and journalist from Dumfries.

Wark has primarily spent her career working for the BBC, most notably as the longest-serving presenter of the political debate programme Newsnight until 2024.

Wark’s career began at BBC Radio Scotland as a researcher and programme producer before switching to television.

Throughout her career Wark has interviewed notable people including Prime Minister’s Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair, President Barack Obama and fashion designer Vivienne Westwood.

In 2025 Wark was honoured with the BAFTA Fellowship at the 2025 British Academy Television Awards for contributions to British media.

Since leaving Newsnight, Wark has continued to work for the BBC as a presenter. Including BBC Radio 4’s art and culture programme Front Row and on BBC Scotland’s 2024 election coverage.

Vivienne Westwood
Dame Vivienne Isabel Westwood (née Swire; 8 April 1941 – 29 December 2022) was an English fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream. In 2022, Sky Arts ranked her the 4th most influential artist in Britain of the past 50 years.

Westwood came to public notice when she made clothes for the boutique that she and Malcolm McLaren ran on King's Road, which became known as Sex. Their ability to synchronise clothing and music shaped the 1970s UK punk scene, which included McLaren's band, the Sex Pistols. She viewed punk as a way of "seeing if one could put a spoke in the system".

Westwood opened four shops in London and eventually expanded throughout Britain and the world, selling a varied range of merchandise, some of which promoted her political causes such as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, climate change and civil rights groups.
Jackson Tooth
Jackson Tooth (80°25′S 23°16′W﻿ / ﻿80.417°S 23.267°W﻿ / -80.417; -23.267) is a nunatak rising to 1,215 metres (3,990 ft) at the western end of Pioneers Escarpment, in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica. In association with the names of pioneers of polar life and travel grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Major Frederick George Jackson, an English Arctic explorer who in 1895 designed the features of the pyramid tent, later to become standard equipment on British polar expeditions.

Frederick George Jackson
Frederick George Jackson (6 March 1860 – 13 March 1938) was an English Arctic explorer remembered for his expedition to Franz Josef Land, when he located the missing Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen.
Lawrence Bingham
Lawrence Bingham (born 28 May 1969 in England) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Bingham appeared in the opening and 20th rounds of the 1989 VFL season, a premiership year for Hawthorn. After playing just once in 1990 and not featuring at all in the 1991 season, Bingham was traded to St Kilda.

A ruckman, he was selected more regularly at his new club, appearing eight times in 1992. Bingham then had his most productive season in 1993, playing 14 games. He had 178 hit outs that year, the most by any St Kilda player.

In 1994, he played for Victorian Football Association club Frankston.

He is one of a handful of league footballers to have been born in England.

Frankston Football Club
The Frankston Football Club, nicknamed the Dolphins, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Frankston. The club was formed in 1887 and has played in the Victorian Football League (VFL), formerly the Victorian Football Association (VFA), almost continuously since 1966.

Frankston also has a senior women's team in Division 1 of the Mornington Peninsula Football Netball League (MPFNL), with a reserves women's team that will compete in the MPFNL's Division 2 in 2025.