hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shap-ng-tsai
Shap-ng-tsai (Chinese: 十五仔) was a Chinese pirate active in the South China Sea from about 1845 to 1859.  He was one of the two most notorious South China Sea pirates of the era, along with Chui A-poo.  He commanded about 70 junks stationed at Dianbai, about 180 miles west of Hong Kong. Coastal villages and traders paid Shap-ng-tsai protection money so they would not be attacked. Chinese naval ships that pursued the pirate were captured and their officers taken captive and held for ransom. The Chinese government offered him a pardon and the rank of officer in the military at first he did not accept, but he eventually did so to avoid legal ramifications.

Military history of China before 1912
The recorded military history of China extends from about 2200 BC to the present day. Chinese pioneered the use of crossbows, advanced metallurgical standardization for arms and armor, early gunpowder weapons, and other advanced weapons, but also adopted nomadic cavalry and Western military technology. China's armies also benefited from an advanced logistics system as well as a rich strategic tradition, beginning with Sun Tzu's The Art of War, that deeply influenced military thought.
Barrow's inequality
In geometry, Barrow's inequality is an inequality relating the distances between an arbitrary point within a triangle, the vertices of the triangle, and certain points on the sides of the triangle. It is named after David Francis Barrow.

Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by < and >, respectively the less-than and greater-than signs).
Fireworks (Boldini)
Fireworks (Italian: Fuoco d'artificio) is an oil painting on canvas by the Italian painter Giovanni Boldini, dated from c. 1892–1895. It is held at the Museo Giovanni Boldini, in Ferrara, since its acquisition from the collection of Emilia Cardona in 1974.

Museo Giovanni Boldini
The Museo Giovanni Boldini is a biographical museum, located in the Palazzo Massari, in Ferrara, dedicated to Italian painter Giovanni Boldini. It is one of the three museums located in the palace, being the others the Museo dell'Ottocento and the Museo d'arte moderna e contemporanea Filippo de Pisis. The current museum has been closed for restoration work since the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes.
2025 Netball World Youth Cup
2025 Netball World Youth Cup was the ninth Netball World Youth Cup tournament. Eighteen teams, including the hosts Gibraltar, featured in a series of matches played in September 2025 at Europa Sports Park and Tercentenary Sports Hall. Australia won the tournament after defeating New Zealand 63–48 in the final. Australia's Lily Graham was named Player of the Tournament. England finished the tournament in third place after defeating South Africa 55–35 in a play-off. The series was live streamed on NetballPass and on YouTube. World Netball reported that the tournament reached more than 26 million people across its digital platforms, the highest audience recorded for the competition.

South Africa national netball team
The South Africa national netball team, also known as the SPAR Proteas, represent Netball South Africa in international netball tournaments, such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. Their best result in a major tournament is a silver medal at the 1995 World Netball Championships. As of 1 March 2024, South Africa are currently fifth in the World Netball Rankings.
Shaqib al-Salam
Shaqib al-Salam (Arabic: شقيب السلام) or Segev Shalom (Hebrew: שֶׂגֶב שָׁלוֹם) and also known as  Shqeb as-Salam, is a Bedouin town and a local council in the Southern District of Israel, southeast of Beersheba. In 2023 it had a population of 15,406.

Shaqib was founded in 1979 as part of a government project to settle Negev Bedouins in permanent settlements. It was declared a local council in 1996. It is one of seven Bedouin townships in the Negev desert with approved plans and developed infrastructure alongside Hura, Tel as-Sabi (Tel Sheva), Ar'arat an-Naqab (Ar'ara BaNegev), Lakiya, Kuseife (Kseife) and the city of Rahat, the largest among them.

Southern District (Israel)
The Southern District (Hebrew: מחוז הדרום, Meḥoz HaDarom; Arabic: لواء الجنوب) is one of Israel's six administrative districts, the largest in terms of land area but the most sparsely populated. It covers most of the Negev desert, as well as the Arava valley. The population of the Southern District is 1,086,240 and its area is 14,185 km2. Its population is 79.66% Jewish and 12.72% Arab (mostly Muslim), with 7.62% of other origins.

The district capital is Beersheba, while the largest city is Ashdod. Beersheba's dormitory towns of Omer, Meitar, and Lehavim are affluent relative to other Israeli cities, while the development towns of Dimona, Sderot, Netivot, Ofakim, and Yeruham and the seven Bedouin cities are lower on the socio-economic scale.
Gordon Dam
The Gordon Dam, also known as the Gordon River Dam, is a major gated double curvature concrete arch dam with a controlled spillway across the Gordon River, located in Southwest National Park, Tasmania, Australia. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Gordon.

The dam was constructed in 1974 by the Hydro Electric Corporation for the purpose of generating hydroelectricity via the conventional Gordon Power Station located below the dam wall.

Engineers Australia
Engineers Australia (EA), known formally as the Institution of Engineers, Australia, is an Australian professional body and not-for-profit organisation whose purpose is to advance the science and practice of engineering for the benefit of the community. Engineers Australia is Australia's recognised organisation for accreditation of professional engineering qualifications under the Washington Accord. As of 2022, EA has 115,000 members, which includes 31,000 students.
Teatralnaya (Moscow Metro)
Teatralnaya (Russian: Театра́льнаяpronunciationⓘ, English: Theater) is an underground metro station on the Zamoskvoretskaya line of the Moscow Metro, named for the nearby Teatralnaya Square, the location of numerous theaters, including the famed Bolshoi Theatre. The station is unique in that it does not have its own entrance halls. The north escalator leads to Okhotniy Ryad and the south escalator to Ploshchad Revolyutsii.

Sokolnicheskaya line
The Sokolnicheskaya line (Russian: Соко́льническая ли́ния, IPA: [sɐˈkolʲnʲitɕɪskəjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə]pronunciationⓘ, formerly Kirovsko-Frunzenskaya (Ки́ровско-Фру́нзенская) (Line 1; Red Line) is a line of the Moscow Metro in Moscow, Russia. It opened in 1935 and is the oldest line of the Moscow Metro system. There are currently 27 stations open on the line. As of 2024, the line is 47 kilometres (29 mi) long and is the longest line in the Moscow Metro.
Montroydite
Montroydite is the mineral form of mercury(II) oxide with formula HgO. It is a rare mercury mineral. It was first described for an occurrence in the mercury deposit at Terlingua, Texas and named for Montroyd Sharp who was an owner of the deposit.

Montroydite occurs in mercury deposits of hydrothermal origin. Associated minerals include: native mercury, cinnabar, metacinnabar, calomel, eglestonite, terlinguaite, mosesite, kleinite, edgarbaileyite, gypsum, calcite and dolomite.

Terlingua, Texas
Terlingua (/tərˈlɪŋɡwə/ tər-LING-gwə) is a mining district and census-designated place (CDP) in southwestern Brewster County, Texas, United States. It is located near the Rio Grande and the villages of Lajitas and Study Butte, Texas, as well as the Mexican state of Chihuahua. The discovery of cinnabar, from which the metal mercury is extracted, in the mid-1880s brought miners to the area, creating a city of 2,000 people. The only remnants of the mining days are a ghost town of the Howard Perry-owned Chisos Mining Company and several nearby capped and abandoned mines: the California Hill, the Rainbow, the 248, and the Study Butte mines. The mineral terlinguaite was first found in the vicinity of California Hill.

The population of Terlingua as of 2020 was 78.
Đàng Ngoài
Đàng Ngoài  (chữ Hán: 唐外, lit. "Outer Land"), also known as Bắc Hà (北河, "North of the River") or  Kingdom of Annam (安南國) by foreigners, was an area in northern Đại Việt (now Vietnam) during the 17th and 18th centuries as the result of Trịnh–Nguyễn War. The name Đàng Ngoài was first recorded in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum by Alexandre de Rhodes.

Đàng Ngoài was de facto ruled by the Trịnh lords with the Lê emperors acting as titular rulers. The capital was Thăng Long (now Hanoi). Thăng Long was also known as Đông Kinh 東京, meaning "Eastern Capital", from which the common European name for Đàng Ngoài "Tonkin" originated. It was bordered by Đàng Trong (under the Nguyễn lords) along the Gianh River in Quảng Bình province. The names gradually fell into disuse after Nguyễn Ánh reunified Đại Việt.

Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum
The Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (known in Vietnamese as Tự điển Việt-Bồ-La) is a trilingual Vietnamese-Portuguese-Latin dictionary written by the French Jesuit lexicographer Alexandre de Rhodes after 12 years in Vietnam. It was published by the Propaganda Fide in Rome in 1651, upon Rhodes's visit to Europe, along with his catechism Phép giảng tám ngày.

The dictionary has 8,000 Vietnamese entries with glosses in Portuguese and Latin. 
The dictionary established chữ Quốc ngữ, the Vietnamese alphabet, which was refined by later missionaries and eventually became the predominant writing system for Vietnamese. However, Christian publications in Vietnam continued to use either Latin or the traditional Vietnamese chữ Nôm for the next 200 years, instead of the simpler alphabetic Quốc ngữ. Quốc ngữ only gained predominance after the French invasion of 1858 and the establishment of French Indochina.
Eduardo Solari
Eduardo Miguel Solari (born 18 September 1955) is an Argentine former professional football player and manager who played as a midfielder.

Capped once for Argentina, he spent most of his career in Rosario Central before moving abroad to Atlético Junior. After his stay there he played five years for four different clubs.

He started his managerial career in Atlético Junior. He then coached in Argentina, and was assistant manager to his brother Jorge Solari for Saudi Arabia in 1994. From 1995 to 2001 he mostly coached in Mexico, for Atlas, Atlético Celaya, Atlético Morelia, Monterrey and lastly Atlas again, but also had a stint as Vélez Sarsfield manager in 1998.

Atlético Celaya
The Club Atlético Celaya was a Mexican football club from Celaya, Guanajuato. The club was formed in 1994 when the two second-division clubs Atletico Cuernavaca (Morelos) and Escuadra Celeste de Celaya (Guanajuato) merged. Another team, Atlético Español, was also merged at a later date. The club folded in 2003.
Muhammad Mustapha Abdallah
Muhammad Mustapha Abdallah (born 13 November 1954) is a retired Nigerian Army Colonel who served as Chairman of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency appointed to the post by President Muhammadu Buhari on 11 January 2016.

Nigerian Army
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President of Nigeria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff, who is the highest ranking military officer of the Nigerian Army.  It is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The Nigerian Army is operationally and geographically divided into ten divisions, the basic field formation. The army has been involved in operations throughout the country, most especially during the Nigerian Civil War, and has undertaken major operations abroad. Nigerian Army officers have served as chiefs of defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving as Sierra Leone chief of staff in 1998–1999, and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least 2007.
Ben Houser
Benjamin Franklin Houser (November 30, 1883 – January 15, 1952) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1910 season, the Boston Rustlers in 1911, and the Boston Braves in 1912. He tied for 8th in home runs in 1912 with 8 while playing for the Boston Braves.

In 162 games over three seasons, Houser posted a .267 batting average (126-for-472) with 58 runs, 9 home runs, 75 RBI and 37 bases on balls. He finished his career with a .989 fielding percentage as a first baseman.

After his playing career, Houser became the head baseball coach at Bowdoin College, remaining in that position for 15 years. During that time he also served as the head coach of the ice hockey team and was a trainer for the football team.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
South Park (franchise)
South Park is an American multimedia franchise created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone. It includes the television series of the same name, developed by Brian Graden for Comedy Central, as well as video games, music videos, and short films that expand the universe. The South Park franchise is primarily set in the fictional titular Colorado town.

Besides the namesake show, the franchise includes several video games, music videos, a compilation album, various short films and an ongoing series of TV specials and movies created for exclusive release on Paramount+.

Prior to the television series, Trey Parker and Matt Stone released two shorts - The Spirit of Christmas - which would go on to form the basis of the series and franchise.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Mount Sones
Mount Sones (67°2′S 51°30′E﻿ / ﻿67.033°S 51.500°E﻿ / -67.033; 51.500) is a mountain standing on the north side of Beaver Glacier, two nautical miles (3.7 km) west of Mount Reed in the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land, Antarctica.

The mountain was plotted from air photos taken by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) in 1956 and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) in 1962 for F. Sones, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) of 1929–1931.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Sones". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
The British Australian (and) New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) was a research expedition into Antarctica between 1929 and 1931, involving two voyages over consecutive Austral summers. The expedition was led by Australian geologist Sir Douglas Mawson.
Maurice de Hond
Maurice de Hond (born 8 October 1947) is a Dutch pollster and entrepreneur. He is the founder of the Steve JobsSchool, an elementary school which gives each student an iPad to encourage individualized learning. As of 2016, 35 public schools in the Netherlands adopted the school model. Two Steve JobsSchools opened in South Africa in 2016. The schools closed after a negative report by government educational inspectors found that students who graduated from the schools were lacking severely in educational skills and the foundation running the schools declared bankruptcy in 2018.

Personalized learning
Personalized learning (also named individualized instruction, personal learning place or direct instruction) refers to a type of learning where learners are provided with experiences that uniquely meet their needs, interests and educational outcomes.
Joanna Kaczor
Joanna Kaczor  (born 16 September 1984) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland women's national volleyball team and Polish club Impel Wrocław, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, bronze medalist of European Championship 2009), Polish Champion (2009, 2011).

Poland women's national volleyball team
The Poland women's national volleyball team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski w piłce siatkowej kobiet) represents Poland in international volleyball competition. The team is controlled by the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej, PZPS), the governing body for volleyball in Poland, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches.

Poland's greatest achievements to date have been winning bronze medals at the 1964 and the 1968 Summer Olympics, silver medal at the 1952 World Championship as well as gold medals at the 2003 and the 2005 European Championship.

The Polish national team is ranked 4th in the FIVB world ranking as of as of 10 September 2025.
Ogburn
Ogburn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlton Ogburn (1911–1998), American journalist and author

Charlton Greenwood Ogburn (1882–1962), American lawyer

John Ogburn (1925–2010), Australian painter

Lu Long Ogburn (1932–2025), American beauty queen

Michael Ogburn (born 1948), British footballer

Nan Ogburn (1929–2015), American singer and philanthropist

William Fielding Ogburn (1886–1959), American sociologist

Lu Long Ogburn Medlin
Lu Long Ogburn Medlin (May 31, 1932 – April 5, 2025) was an American beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss North Carolina pageant in 1951 and placed second runner-up in the Miss America 1952 pageant, winning the Preliminary Talent Award and the Preliminary Swimsuit Award.
Hillevi Engström
Hillevi Maria Engström (née Pettersson; born 15 April 1963 in Sollentuna) is a Swedish former politician who served as Minister for Employment from 2010 to 2013 and as Minister for International Development Cooperation from 2013 to 2014. A member of the Moderate Party, she served as a Member of the Swedish Riksdag from 2002 to 2015.

Prior to her political engagements she worked as a police inspector and was in 1995 the ombudsperson for the Swedish Police Association, the first woman to hold that position. She is the sister of the Swedish journalist and presenter Karin Hübinette.

Since 1 March 2015, Engström has served as chief director of Upplands Väsby Municipality.

Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: Utrikesdepartementet, UD) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to foreign policy, democracy, human rights, international development cooperation and foreign trade.

The ministry is currently headed by the minister for foreign affairs, Maria Malmer Stenergard of the Moderate Party.
Tree of Life (Louisiana)
The Tree of Life, also known as the Étienne de Boré Oak, is a large, historic southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) in Audubon Park in New Orleans, Louisiana. Adjacent to Audubon Zoo's giraffe exhibit, the old and popular park landmark was planted around 1740.

The tree is commonly hugged and climbed. Its crown is draped with Spanish moss. The tree's size and age led it to become one of the 43 inaugural members of the Live Oak Society.

Tree climbing
Tree climbing is a recreational or functional activity consisting of ascending and moving around in the crowns of trees.

A rope, helmet, and harness can be used to increase the safety of the climber. Other equipment can also be used, depending on the experience and skill of the tree climber. Some tree climbers take special hammocks called "Treeboats" and Portaledges with them into canopies where they can have a picnic or sleep.

Some tree climbers employ a mixture of techniques and gear derived from rock climbing and caving. These techniques are also used to climb trees for other purposes: tree care (arborists), animal rescue, research, and activism.
Lambda Normae
λ Normae, Latinised as Lambda Normae, is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Norma, located near the northern constellation boundary with Scorpius. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, white-hued point of light that shines with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.44. The system is located approximately 350 light years distant from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of about −15 km/s.

The pair have an orbital period of 67.5 years with a high eccentricity of 0.788. Both components are A-type main-sequence stars that are generating energy through core hydrogen fusion. The primary component has a visual magnitude of 5.83, and is of class A0V. The fainter secondary is class A3V with a magnitude 6.86.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Florida State Road 30A
State Road 30A (SR 30A) is a Florida Department of Transportation designation shared by four alternate routings of SR 30 in the Florida panhandle. Two segments have SR 30A signage; the other two do not as they are segments of U.S. Route 98 (US 98). Three of the four SR 30A segments are next to the shore of the Gulf of Mexico for most (if not all) of their length.

Hollywood, Florida
Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb in the Miami metropolitan area. The population of Hollywood was 153,067 as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Broward County.
Jari-Pekka Keurulainen
Jari-Pekka Keurulainen (born 7 April 1956) is a Finnish football coach and a former player who played as a defender. He is currently working as a physiotherapist and coach of the Finland national team.

Finland national football team
The Finland national football team (Finnish: Suomen jalkapallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands fotbollslandslag) represents Finland in men's international football competitions and is controlled by the Football Association of Finland, the governing body for football in Finland, which was founded in 1907. The team has been a member of FIFA since 1908 and a UEFA member since 1957.

Finland had never qualified for a major tournament until securing a spot at UEFA Euro 2020. After decades of average results and campaigns, the nation made progress in the 2000s, achieving notable results against established European teams and reaching a peak of 33rd in the FIFA World Rankings in 2007. Afterward, their performances and results declined, drawing them to their all-time low of 110th in the FIFA Rankings in 2017. Seven years after their all-time low in the FIFA Rankings, as of October 2025, they sit at 72nd place in the overall ranking.