hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defensive substitution
A defensive substitution in the game of baseball occurs when a currently non-playing player is placed into the field in place of another player, typically due either to injury or the appearance of a pinch hitter.

In the American League, a pinch hitter is usually substituted for the position player in whose place he batted (although another common substitution is pinch-hitting a utility infielder for a second baseman and subsequently switching him for the shortstop in the field while moving the shortstop over to the now-vacant second base position).  In the National League (which, until 2022, did not use the designated hitter rule), pinch hitters sometimes bat for pitchers. However, another common pitcher-substitution strategy in the NL is the double switch, in which a pitching change is coupled with a pinch-hitter who is also defensively substituted for a second player.

Utility player (baseball)
In baseball, a utility player or utility man is a player who has the ability to play more than one position in the field and is primarily used as a substitute. The term super utility player may be used to refer to a player who can play all or most positions, or a player who regularly appears in the starting lineup at different positions.
Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974
Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974 is a remix album of recordings by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, as arranged and mixed by Bill Laswell. It is subtitled "Reconstruction and Mix Translation by Bill Laswell". The album was released on February 16, 1998, by Sony Records.

It contains compositions from Davis's prior albums, including In a Silent Way (1969), On the Corner (1972), and Get Up With It (1974); combined with elements of ambient music and chill music. The album was composed as a dark, continuous tone poem divided by four sections of Davis' jazz fusion recordings.

Panthalassa received generally positive reviews from music critics and sold well, charting at number four on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums.

Remix album
A remix album is an album consisting of remixes or rerecorded versions of an artist's earlier released material. The first act who employed the format was American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson (Aerial Pandemonium Ballet, 1971). As of 2007, the best-selling remix album of all time is Michael Jackson's Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997).
Michael McGuire (politician)
Michael Thomas Francis McGuire (3 May 1926 – 16 August 2018) was a British Labour Party politician.

McGuire was born in Carrowmore, County Mayo, Ireland in May 1926. He was a branch secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers. Upon being elected as Member of Parliament, represented Ince from 1964 to 1983, and Makerfield from 1983 until he was deselected by his constituency party in 1987, largely because of his failure to support the miners' strike of 1984 to 1985.

In 1954 he married Marie T. Murphy (died 1998), with whom he had three sons and two daughters. He died in Aintree University Hospital in August 2018 at the age of 92.

Ince (UK Parliament constituency)
Ince was a parliamentary constituency in England which elected one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  It comprised the town of Ince-in-Makerfield and other towns south of Wigan.

It was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 as a division of the parliamentary county of Lancashire. The constituency boundaries were redrawn in 1918 and 1950, and in 1974, it was reclassified as a borough constituency.

The constituency ceased to exist with the implementation of the 1983 boundary changes and was largely replaced by the Makerfield Parliamentary constituency.
The Desert Storm Mixtape: Blok Party, Vol. 1
The Desert Storm Mixtape: Blok Party Vol. 1 is the debut studio album by American disc jockey and record producer DJ Envy. It was released on February 11, 2003 through Desert Storm Records and Epic Records. Production was handled by DJ Clue?, Erick Sermon, Ken Duro Ifill, Mono, Black Jeruz, China Black, Dame Grease, Jared Liveson, Omen, Quan Entertainment, Rockwilder, Self, Waiel "Wally" Yaghnam, White Boy, Zukhan and DJ Envy himself. It features guest appearances from Birdman, Coke, Fabolous, Joe Budden, Paul Cane, The Lox, 3LW, Busta Rhymes, DMX, Geda K, Ja Rule, Jay-Z, J Hood, Juvenile, Lil' Mo, Lloyd Banks, Murphy Lee, Petey Pablo, Kia Jeffries, Rah Digga, Redman and Vita among others. The album peaked at number 57 on the Billboard 200 and at number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, selling 69,000 copies in the first week.

Ken "Duro" Ifill
Ken "Duro" Ifill is a Trinidadian-American mixing engineer and record producer and record executive. He is a co-founder and chief executive officer of Desert Storm Records. In 2011, he was nominated for Grammy Award for Record of the Year at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards for "Empire State of Mind". Since 2018 he operates as vice president and A&R of Republic Records.
Attended Five Towns College, Long Island where he secured his 1st Internship at Platinum Island Recording Studios, Downtown Manhattan. 
Since 1998, as a record producer, he produced tracks for the likes of Noreaga, Jay-Z, Fabolous, Foxy Brown and Pop Smoke.
Chauraha (TV series)
Chauraha (transl. Crossroads) is a Pakistani television series directed by Aehsun Talish and produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under their banner 7th Sky Entertainment. The series focusses on the perils of social media. It features Madiha Imam, Asad Siddiqui and Mikaal Zulfiqar in leading roles with Bushra Ansari, Saba Hameed, Behroze Sabzwari and Arisha Razi in supporting roles. It first aired on 31 May 2022 on Har Pal Geo.

Geo Entertainment
Geo Entertainment or Har Pal Geo is a Pakistani entertainment television channel established by Geo Television Network in May 2002. Its test transmission started on 14 August 2002 on the PAS 10 digital satellite whereas on 1 October 2002 the regular transmission of Geo Entertainment was started.
Osmundson
Osmundson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Osmundson (born 1957), American politician from Iowa

Joseph Osmundson (born 1983), American biophysicist

Ryan Osmundson, American politician from Montana

Ryan Osmundson
Ryan Osmundson is an American politician who served member of the Montana Senate for the 15th district from 2017 to 2021. He was previously a member of the Montana House of Representatives, representing the Buffalo, Montana area from 2011 to 2017.

In September 2021, it was announced that Osmundson would succeed Kurt Alme as director of the Montana Governor's Office of Budget and Program Planning.
Nicholas Carlson
Nicholas Carlson was the global editor-in-chief of Business Insider. Before that, he was Business Insider's chief correspondent.

Carlson attended Davidson College, graduating in 2005. He began his career at Merrill Lynch before joining InternetNews.com and the Silicon Valley news blog Valleywag. In 2015, Carlson published the biography Marissa Mayer and the Fight to Save Yahoo!. He won a Longform award for best business coverage for his reporting on AOL CEO Tim Armstrong's controversial investment in the local news initiative Patch.

In 2022, Gawker reported that Carlson earned an annual salary of $600,000 as Insider editor-in-chief.

Carlson was observed on June 13, 2023 taking pro-union posters with his face on them off lampposts in Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn during a labor strike at Insider by its journalists.

Patch Media
Patch Media operates Patch.com, an American local news and information platform, based in Manhattan. It is primarily owned by Hale Global. Patch is operated by Planck, LLC, doing business as Patch Media.

As of May 2024, the Patch.com hyperlocal websites provide local news and human interest stories to 1,900 communities, dispersed across all 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C. and the United States Virgin Islands. The platform is based on a lead reporter in each community, does not offer international news, but does have an "Across America" site, with national stories.

Patch also provides a platform for users to post questions, news tips and columns germane to their towns. Each site also contains a mixture of local and national advertising. The latter includes a self-serve ad platform allowing users to communicate directly with targeted audiences.
Battle of Karnal
The Battle of Karnal (Persian: نبرد کرنال) (24 February 1739) was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India. Nader's forces defeated the army of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah within three hours, paving the way for the Iranian sack of Delhi. The engagement is considered the crowning jewel in Nader's military career as well as a tactical masterpiece. The battle took place near Karnal in Haryana, 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Delhi, India. As a result of the overwhelming defeat of the Mughal Empire at Karnal, the already-declining Mughal dynasty was critically weakened to such an extent as to hasten its demise. According to Axworthy, it is also possible that without the ruinous effects of Nader's invasion of India, European colonial takeover of the Indian subcontinent would have come in a different form or perhaps not at all.

Saadat Ali Khan I
Saadat Khan Nishapuri (born Mir Muhammad Amin; c. 1680 – 19 March 1739) was the first Nawab of the Kingdom of Awadh from 26 January 1722 to 1739 and the son of Muhammad Nasir. At age 25, he accompanied his father on the final campaign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb against the Marathas in the Deccan, and the emperor awarded him the title of Khan Bahadur for his service.
Lufthansa Regional
Lufthansa Regional was an operational entity for regional and feeder flights performed by up to five regional airlines owned or contracted by Lufthansa within its route network. As part of Lufthansa's rebranding, the Lufthansa Regional brand name has gradually been removed from the public eye since early 2018. The repainted aircraft no longer wear Lufthansa Regional titles.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
Bonnie Bird Theatre
Bonnie Bird Theatre is the 300-seat main performing venue of the Laban Dance Centre of the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in London, England.

The Laban Centre was erected in 2002, designed by winners of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron. The building and its theatre are located in Deptford Creek, near Greenwich in east London. The theatre is named for Bonnie Bird, the pioneering American modern dancer and dance educator who with Marion North instituted the first academic degrees in dance in the United Kingdom at Laban.

The theatre was used in the music video for 'Ingenue' by Atoms for Peace, featuring frontman Thom Yorke with dancer Fukiko Takase.

Pritzker Architecture Prize
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture."  Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.
Renaissance Academy Charter School
Renaissance Academy Charter School, located in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, United States is a K-12 charter school with 1100 students and 200 staff. It serves students from multiple school districts in kindergarten through 12th grade.

The average SAT score for the Class of 2013 was 528 in math, 513 in reading, and 489 in writing.

Phoenixville, Pennsylvania
Phoenixville is a borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough is situated at the junction of French Creek and the Schuylkill River. The population was 18,602 at the 2020 census.

For much of its history, Phoenixville was known for being home to the Phoenix Iron Works. Following the company's closure in the 1980s and the resulting economic downturn, the town has been noted in recent years for the economic revitalization that has since taken place.
Harmacy
52°30′58″N 7°53′22″W﻿ / ﻿52.5161369°N 7.8895068°W﻿ / 52.5161369; -7.8895068
Harmacy is the sixth album by American indie rock band Sebadoh. It was released by Sub Pop in 1996.

It is the second and final Sebadoh album to feature drummer Bob Fay, who replaced founding member Eric Gaffney in 1994.

The album cover features a photograph of a pharmacy in Cashel, Ireland, taken by band member Jason Loewenstein on tour. The missing "P" gave the album its title.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
DN73
DN73 (Romanian: Drumul Național 73) is a national road in Romania which links Pitești with Brașov. It is a high-traffic road and the preferred route for trucks. Near Câmpulung the road crosses the Southern Carpathians along the Dâmbovița River. The road crosses several tourist-stop villages, such as Rucăr, Dâmbovicioara, and Bran.

Southern Carpathians
The Southern Carpathians (also known as the Transylvanian Alps; Romanian: Carpații Meridionali [karˈpatsij ˌmeridi.oˈnalʲ]; Hungarian: Déli-Kárpátok) are a group of mountain ranges located in southern Romania. They cover the part of the Carpathian Mountains located between the Prahova River in the east and the Timiș and Cerna Rivers in the west. To the south they are bounded by the Balkan Mountains in eastern Serbia.
Ghostroots
Ghostroots: Stories is a 2024 debut short story collection by Nigerian writer 'Pemi Aguda, published by W. W. Norton & Company. It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction and includes "Breastmilk", a short story that was a finalist for the Caine Prize.

Caine Prize
The Caine Prize for African Writing is an annual literary award for the best short story by an African writer, whether in Africa or elsewhere, published in the English language. Founded in the United Kingdom in 2000, the £10,000 prize was named in memory of businessman and philanthropist Sir Michael Harris Caine, former chairman of Booker Group and of the Booker Prize management committee. The Caine Prize is sometimes referred to as the "African Booker". The Chair of the Board is Ellah Wakatama, appointed in 2019.

Between 2020 and 2022 it was styled as the AKO Caine Prize for African Writing due to a three-year grant from Nicolai Tangen's AKO Foundation.
2019 AFC Asian Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage. It began on 20 January with the round of 16 and ended on 1 February with the final match, held at the Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi. A total of 16 teams (the top two teams from each group, along with the four best third-placed teams) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament.

All times are local, GST (UTC+4).

Zayed Sports City Stadium
Zayed Sports City Stadium (Arabic: ستاد مدينة زايد الرياضية) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Zayed Sports City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

The largest stadium in the UAE with 45,000 seats, it was featured on the AED 200 banknote.

The stadium was opened in 1979 and was renovated in 2009, with many of the facilities and amenities upgraded to ensure that it complies with international standards and can be used for a wide range of events.

The stadium hosted the 1996 AFC Asian Cup including the final, where the United Arab Emirates lost against Saudi Arabia in penalty shoot-outs. The stadium also hosted the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship and the 18th Arabian Gulf Cup. The semifinals and finals of 2009 and 2010 FIFA Club World Cups were also held at the stadium. The stadium again hosted the Club World Cup in 2017 and 2018. It also held the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. It staged the opening and final matches.
Françoise Parturier
Françoise Parturier (1919 – 12 August 1995) was a French writer and journalist. She was the first "symbolic" female candidate for the Académie Française in 1970.

The daughter of a medical doctor, she was born in Paris and studied at the University of Paris. In 1947, she married Jean Gatichon. She began a career in journalism after World War II. From 1950 to 1951, Parturier taught contemporary literature in the United States. She was a regular contributor to Le Figaro from 1956 to 1975. Parturier wrote three books in partnership with Josette Raoul-Duval under the nom de plume "Nicole". In 1959, she began writing under her own name.

Parturier died at Neuilly at the age of 75.

Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [nøji syʁ sɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. An immediate western suburb of Paris, it is physically separated from the capital centre only by the Périphérique to its east and the Bois de Boulogne to its south.

Neuilly is mainly made up of residential neighborhoods and hosts several corporate headquarters and foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Although, as of 2020, it is the commune with only the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France, if Neuilly is grouped together with the city's adjacent 16th and 17th arrondissements, they form the most affluent residential area in the country.
Bo people (Andaman)
The Bo were one of the ten Indigenous tribes of the Great Andamanese people, originally living on the western coast of North Andaman Island in the Indian Ocean.

The tribe spoke the Akabo dialect, closely related to other dialects of the Northern Andamanese language. The native name for the language was Akabo ( Aka- being a prefix for "tongue"); and this name is often used for the tribe itself.  They were mostly forest-dwellers (eremtaga) with a smaller number of shore-dwellers (aryoto). They are a designated Scheduled Tribe.

There are still a handful of people who identify themselves as members of the tribe living on a reservation on Strait Island, but none can speak the original language.

Northern Andamanese language
Northern Andamanese is the critically endangered native language of North Andaman Island. It is closely related to Akakede and seems to have consisted of four mutually intelligible dialects: Akachari (Cari), Akakhora (Kora), Akabo (Bo), and Akajeru (Jeru). Jeru is the only one with speakers remaining.

When the North Andamanese people were resettled to Strait Island, a koiné developed from the resulting mixture of dialects. It went extinct in the early 2000s.

For more specific information, see the individual dialects.
Kagoshima City Museum of Art
Kagoshima City Museum of Art (鹿児島市立美術館, Kagoshima shiritsu bijutsukan) opened within the Ninomaru (secondary enclosure) of Tsurumaru Castle in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1985. The collection includes works by local artists Kuroda Seiki, Fujishima Takeji, and Wada Eisaku, as well as Western painters Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne.

Kagoshima Castle
Kagoshima Castle (鹿児島城, Kagoshima-jō) was an Edo period flatland-style Japanese castle located in the city of Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 2023. Kagoshima Castle was listed as one of Japan's Top 100 Castles by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006.). It is more popular known in Kagoshima as Tsurumaru Castle (鶴丸城)
Moneyball (soundtrack)
Moneyball (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the score album to the 2011 film Moneyball, directed by Bennett Miller and featuring music composed by Mychael Danna, who previously worked with Miller on his 2005 film, Capote. The album featuring 21 cues, as well as two songs: "The Mighty Rio Grande" by the rock band This Will Destroy You from their eponymous 2008 studio album commissioned by Danna for the film and a cover of Lenka's "The Show", performed by actress-singer Kerris Dorsey. Madison Gate Records released the album on September 19, 2011, four days before the film's release.

Bennett Miller
Bennett Altman Miller (born December 30, 1966) is an American film director who is known for having directed the films Capote (2005), Moneyball (2011), and Foxcatcher (2014). He has been nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Director.
Phone surveillance
Phone surveillance is the act of performing surveillance on phone conversations, location tracking, and data monitoring of a phone. Before the era of mobile phones, these used to refer to the tapping of phone lines via a method called wiretapping. Wiretapping has now been replaced by software that monitors the cell phones of users.

While mobile phone surveillance has been carried out by large organizations for a long time (e.g., to find clues of illegal activities), more and more of such surveillance is now carried out by individuals for personal reasons. For example, a parent may become a "text spy" to monitor a child's texting activity. This brings in the moral, ethical and legal question of who owns people's privacy.

Mobile phone tracking
Mobile phone tracking is a process for identifying the location of a mobile phone, whether stationary or moving. Localization may be effected by a number of technologies, such as the multilateration of radio signals between (several) cell towers of the network and the phone or by simply using GPS tracking. To locate a mobile phone using multilateration of mobile radio signals, the phone must emit at least the idle signal to contact nearby antenna towers and does not require an active call. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is based on the phone's signal strength to nearby antenna masts.

Mobile positioning may be used for location-based services that disclose the actual coordinates of a mobile phone. Telecommunication companies use this to approximate the location of a mobile phone, and thereby also its user.