hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bangladeshi cricket team in the West Indies in 2024–25
The Bangladesh cricket team toured the West Indies in November and December 2024 to play two Test, three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches against the West Indies team. The Test series formed part of the 2023–2025 ICC World Test Championship. In May 2024, Cricket West Indies (CWI) confirmed the fixtures for the tour, as a part of the 2024–25 home international season.

Justin Greaves
Justin Pierre Greaves (born 26 February 1994) is a Barbadian cricketer who has played for both Barbados and the Combined Campuses and Colleges in West Indian domestic cricket. He made his international debut for the West Indies cricket team in January 2022.
Dülmener
The Dülmener or Dülmen is a German breed of small feral horse. It was formerly known as the Merfelderbrücher. A herd of approximately 300 head lives in feral conditions in an area of about 3.5 km2 in the Merfelder Bruch, near the town of Dülmen in the Kreis of Coesfeld in north-western Nordrhein-Westfalen, in north-western Germany.: 462 : 176

It is gravely endangered; in 2014 it was the "endangered breed of the year" of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen, and in 2021 was classified in category I, extrem gefährdet (extremely endangered) on the Rote Liste of that association.

Coesfeld (district)
Coesfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈkoːsfɛlt]) is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, west of the city of Münster. Neighboring districts are Steinfurt, district-free Münster, Warendorf, district-free Hamm, Unna, Recklinghausen, and Borken.
Saint Regis University
Saint Regis University, sometimes styled as St. Regis University, was a diploma mill operation that was one of about 120 connected institutions operated by an American fraud ring from about 1999 until 2005, when it was shut down by U.S. government authorities. The operation was known as "Operation Gold Seal".

The Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization identified Saint Regis University as a diploma mill linked to 18 other front "schools". The school issued degrees based on "life experience" instead of requiring the taking of academic classes or a formal course of study. It sold both college degrees and high school diplomas.

In 2006 the Associated Press reported that "at least 135 federal employees" held bogus degrees from the Saint Regis operation. This included a White House staffer, a State Department employee in Kuwait, and a Department of Justice employee in Spokane, Washington.

Oregon Office of Degree Authorization
The Oregon Office of Degree Authorization (ODA) is a unit of the Office of Student Access and Completion, with responsibilities related to maintaining high standards in private higher education institutions in Oregon.  ODA administers laws and provides oversight of private colleges and universities offering degree programs in the state, validates individual claims of degrees, enforces the closure of substandard or fraudulent higher education programs in the state, and enforces policy for publicly funded postsecondary programs and locations. It was formerly a unit of the Oregon Student Access Commission (OSAC), which became Oregon Student Assistance Commission prior to January 1, 2012. Its functions moved to the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission as part of the Office of Student Access and Completion in July 2012.
Sir John Schroder, 1st Baronet
Sir John Henry William Schroder, 1st Baronet and Baron von Schröder (13 February 1825 – 20 April 1910) was an Anglo-German merchant banker, his firm being Schroders PLC.  He was known as Baron Sir John Henry Schroder.

Schroder was born Baron Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Schröder in Hamburg, Germany, the fourth of twelve children of Baron Johann Heinrich von Schröder (in the Prussian nobility) and Henriette von Schwartz.  Both his parents were born into prominent Hamburg merchant families.

In 1814(?), at the age of 16, Sir John joined the London office of the banking house founded by his father.

He later moved to England and was created a Baronet of The Dell, in the Baronetcy of the United Kingdom, in 1892.  The title became extinct upon his death.

Schroders
Schroders plc is a British multinational asset management company headquartered in London, England. Founded in 1804, it employs over 6,000 people worldwide in 38 locations around Europe, America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. It is traded on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It is the 21st largest asset management firm in the world.

Schroders bears the name of the Schröder family, a Hanseatic family of Hamburg with branches in other countries. The Schroder family, through trustee companies, individual ownership and charities, hold 44 per cent of the company's ordinary shares.
Ergotism
Ergotism (pronounced /ˈɜːrɡətˌɪzəm/ UR-gət-iz-əm) is the effect of long-term ergot poisoning, traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus—from the Latin clava "club" or clavus "nail" and -ceps for "head", i.e. the purple club-headed fungus—that infects rye and other cereals, and more recently by the action of a number of ergoline-based drugs. It is also known as ergotoxicosis, ergot poisoning, and Saint Anthony's fire.

Ergotamine
Ergotamine, sold under the brand name Ergomar among others, is an ergopeptine and part of the ergot family of alkaloids; it is structurally and biochemically closely related to ergoline. It is structurally similar to several neurotransmitters, and it acts as a vasoconstrictor. It is used for acute migraines, sometimes with caffeine as the combination ergotamine/caffeine.

The drug is a non-selective modulator or agonist of serotonin receptors and other receptors. It is peripherally selective and crosses into the brain in minimal amounts.

Medicinal use of ergot fungus began in the 16th century, for the induction of childbirth; but dosage uncertainty discouraged its use. It has been used to prevent post-partum hemorrhage (bleeding after childbirth). It was first isolated from the ergot fungus by Arthur Stoll, at Sandoz in 1918, and was marketed as Gynergen in 1921.
Raihan Uddin
Raihan Uddin (born 6 June 1991) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his List A debut for Prime Bank Cricket Club in the 2015–16 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 30 April 2016. He made his Twenty20 debut on 26 February 2019, for Gazi Group Cricketers in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League. He made his first-class debut on 24 October 2021, for Khulna Division against Sylhet Division in the 2021–22 National Cricket League.

Prime Bank Cricket Club
Prime Bank Cricket Club, owned by Prime Bank Limited, plays List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier Division in Bangladesh. It won the tournament in 2014–15. The club also participated in the 2013–14 Victory Day T20 Cup and was crowned the champions.
2001 WhatsOnStage Awards
The WhatsOnStage Awards, founded in 2001 as the Theatregoers' Choice Awards, are a fan-driven set of awards organised by the theatre website WhatsOnStage.com, based on a popular vote recognising performers and productions of English theatre, with an emphasis on London's West End theatre.

The results of the 2001 Whatsonstage Awards were:

WhatsOnStage.com
WhatsOnStage is a UK-based theatre website providing news, reviews, interviews, and a comprehensive listings database of performances across the country. The platform claims to list over 5,000 performances at any given time and also operates a ticketing service through commercial partnerships.
Brannan Sand and Gravel Pit No. 8-Lake Sangraco Boathouse Complex
The Brannan Sand and Gravel Pit No. 8-Lake Sangraco Boathouse Complex was a gravel and sand pit located in Adams County, Colorado that was converted to a private boating and recreational venue. Once the gravel pit dried up, Lloyd S. Brannan converted the pit to a lake, named Lake Sangraco, along with surrounding buildings being renovated for entertainment.

According to the listing, “ Lake Sangraco is significant in the area of Conservation and Reclamation as an outstanding model of the ability to convert and reclaim natural resources depleted by mining operations, exemplifying the ongoing functionality of mined resources. Additionally, the main buildings are good examples of the Mid-Century Modern style as adapted to recreational buildings“. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Adams County, Colorado
Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 519,572. The county seat is Brighton, and the largest city is Thornton. The county is named for Alva Adams, an early Governor of the State of Colorado in 1887–1889. Adams County is part of the Denver metropolitan area.
Bathynoe
Bathynoe is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). The genus includes 6 species, 5 of which occur in the Pacific Ocean while one occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. Bathynoe species have been recorded from depths of about 500 – 3000 m.

Chaeta
A chaeta or cheta (from Ancient Greek  χαίτη (khaítē) 'crest, mane, flowing hair'; pl. chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found on annelid worms, although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such as arthropods. Polychaete annelids (polychaeta literally meaning "many bristles") are named for their chaetae. In Polychaeta, chaetae are found as bundles on the parapodia, paired appendages on the side of the body. The chaetae are epidermal, extracellular structures, and clearly visible in most polychaetes. They are probably the best-studied structures in these animals. Segments bearing chaetae are called chaetigers.
Nereju
Nereju is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Brădăcești, Chiricani (or Chiricari), Nereju, Nereju Mic, and Sahastru.

Nereju, Nereju Mic, and Brădăcești lie along the Zăbala River, while Chiricani and Sahastru are situated on the surrounding hills and valleys.

Vrancea County
Vrancea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvrant͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani. It is mostly in the historical region of Moldavia but the southern part, below the Milcov River, is in Muntenia.
Entropy of activation
In chemical kinetics, the entropy of activation of a reaction is one of the two parameters (along with the enthalpy of activation) that are typically obtained from the temperature dependence of a reaction rate constant, when these data are analyzed using the Eyring equation of the transition state theory. The standard entropy of activation is symbolized ΔS‡ and equals the change in entropy when the reactants change from their initial state to the activated complex or transition state (Δ = change, S = entropy, ‡ = activation).

Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the molar gas constant, in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula, and is used in calculating thermal noise in resistors. The Boltzmann constant has dimensions of energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy and heat capacity. It is named after the Austrian scientist Ludwig Boltzmann.

As part of the 2019 revision of the SI, the Boltzmann constant is one of the seven "defining constants" that have been defined so as to have exact finite decimal values in SI units. They are used in various combinations to define the seven SI base units. The Boltzmann constant is defined to be exactly 1.380649×10−23 joules per kelvin, with the effect of defining the SI unit kelvin.
Chondroitin-glucuronate 5-epimerase
In enzymology, a chondroitin-glucuronate 5-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

chondroitin D-glucuronate  dermatan L-iduronate

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, chondroitin D-glucuronate, and one product, dermatan L-iduronate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is chondroitin-D-glucuronate 5-epimerase. Other names in common use include polyglucuronate 5-epimerase, dermatan-sulfate 5-epimerase, urunosyl C-5 epimerase, and chondroitin D-glucuronosyl 5-epimerase.  This enzyme participates in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis.

Isomerase
In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:

There is only one substrate yielding one product. This product has the same molecular formula as the substrate but differs in bond connectivity or spatial arrangement. Isomerases catalyze reactions across many biological processes, such as in glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.
Teplostan Upland
Teplostan Upland (Russian: Теплостанская возвышенность) is an upland located in the Tyoply Stan District, in southwest Moscow, on the right bank of the Moskva. With a height of 255 m (837 ft), it is the highest point in the federal city and 130 m (430 ft) meters above the edge of the Moskva.

Moskva (river)
The Moskva (/məsˈkvɑː/ məs-KVAH or /ˈmɒskvə/ MOS-kvə; Russian: Москва) is a river that flows through Western Russia. It rises about 140 km (90 mi) west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through central Moscow. About 110 km (70 mi) southeast of Moscow, at the city of Kolomna, it flows into the Oka, itself a tributary of the Volga, which ultimately flows into the Caspian Sea.
2019 Karnataka political crisis
The 2019 Karnataka political crisis was a period of political instability when members of the legislative assembly in the Indian State of Karnataka submitted their resignations, which led to the fall of the Congress-JD(S) coalition government in the state.

Political decay
Political decay is a political theory, originally described in 1965 by Samuel P. Huntington, which describes how chaos and disorder can arise from social modernization increasing more rapidly than political and institutional modernization. Huntington provides different definitions for political development and describes the forms of political decay according to the various definitions. Huntington focuses primarily on political development as modernization and institutionalization. However, he points to the different definitions of political development as being arbitrary ways to understanding the rise of political systems and the relationship between the political systems of different nations.

Political decay is a widespread ailment that affects every society. As Aristotle once noted, humans are inherently political beings (zōon politikon), but it is rare to find individuals who are truly honest in their political endeavors.
2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Hippodrome Joseph Desjoyaux in Saint-Galmier near Saint-Étienne, France, on March 19, 2005.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, in the Herald, and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, for teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published.

Saint-Galmier
Saint-Galmier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ɡalmje] ⓘ) is a city in eastern France. It is a commune in Loire department, and belongs to the arrondissement of Montbrison. Saint-Galmier covers an area of 19.5 square kilometers. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 5,829.

Saint-Galmier, located on the river Coise, south-central Loire, is a regional central city known for the mineral water Badoit produced there.
Hip Hop Shop
The Hip Hop Shop was a clothing store opened in 1993 by fashion designer Maurice Malone that was more well known for its open mic contests than its clothing. It quickly evolved into one of the main destinations for rap competitions in the Detroit hip hop scene. The spot, located on 15736 W. Seven Mile Road, had open mic contests that were managed and hosted by rapper Proof on Saturdays from 4:00 - 6:00 P.M.  Its rap battles inspired the similar scenes depicted in the movie 8 Mile, starring Eminem.
There are videos recorded in 1996 by the shop of Eminem battling other rappers. The Hip Hop Shop closed down in 1997 when Malone and his partner Jerome Mongo decided to move to New York and focus on the clothing line. It has since reopened under new management. Talks about a Hip Hop Shop return had been in the air for spring 2015, at the forefront of the project is Derwynn Matthews (nephew of Maurice Malone) and  entrepreneur Khalid (Kah) Cooper, but failed to come into fruition.

Proof (rapper)
DeShaun Dupree Holton (October 2, 1973 – April 11, 2006), known professionally as (M.C.) Proof, was an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. During his career, he was a member of the groups 5 Elementz, Funky Cowboys, Promatic, Goon Sqwad, and D12. He was a close childhood friend of rapper Eminem, who also lived in Detroit. Proof was often a hype man at Eminem's concerts.
Wazir (soundtrack)
Wazir (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2016 film of the same name directed by Bejoy Nambiar and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra under Vinod Chopra Films. The album features seven songs composed by an assortment of musicians: Shantanu Moitra, Ankit Tiwari, Advaita, Prashant Pillai, Rochak Kohli and Gaurav Godkhindi. Lyrics for the songs were written by Chopra, Manoj Muntashir, Swanand Kirkire, A. M. Turaz, Abhijeet Deshpande, Gurpreet Saini and Deepak Ramola. The album was released under the T-Series label on 18 December 2015 to positive response from critics.

Vidhu Vinod Chopra
Vidhu Vinod Chopra (born 5 September 1952) is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter and editor. He is the recipient of several accolades, including five National Film Awards and ten Filmfare Awards. He is known for directing films such as the crime drama Parinda (1989), the patriotic romantic drama 1942: A Love Story (1994), the action drama Mission Kashmir (2000) and the biographical drama 12th Fail (2023). He is also known for producing the Munna Bhai film series, 3 Idiots (2009), PK (2014), and Sanju (2018) under his banner Vinod Chopra Films.
Chrysocercops castanopsidis
Chrysocercops castanopsidis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (Honshū, Iriomote, Isigaki, Okinawa and Shikoku).

The wingspan is about 6.2–8 mm.

The larvae feed on Castanopsis cuspidata, Castanopsis sieboldii, Lithocarpus glaber and Pasania glabra. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Castanopsis cuspidata
Castanopsis cuspidata (Japanese chinquapin; Japanese tsuburajii, 円椎) is a species of Castanopsis native to southern Japan and southern Korea.

It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 20–30 m tall, related to beech and oak. The leaves are 5–9 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, leathery in texture, with an entire or irregularly toothed margin. It grows in woods and ravines, especially near the sea.

The cotyledon of the nut is eaten boiled or roasted.

Its dead wood serves as host to many mushroom types, most notably the shiitake, 
whose Japanese name (椎茸) is composed of shii (椎, the Castanopsis tree), and take (茸; "mushroom").
Josef Špaček (politician)
Josef Špaček (7 August 1927 – 11 July 2004) was a Czechoslovak communist politician who was an important member of the government during the 1968 reformist period known as the Prague Spring. He was appointed to the Central Committee of the communist party of Czechoslovakia after communist party leader Antonín Novotný was replaced by Slovak politician Alexander Dubček. Along with Dubček and other Central Committee members, Špaček was arrested by the Soviets during the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (22 August 1968). In the years following the collapse of the Dubček government, Špaček was relegated to low-level, non-political positions, including working as a forestry official.  Following the restoration of democracy in 1989, he was again politically active and in 1990 was elected to the national parliament.

Central committee
A central committee is a political-executive organ designated as the highest organ of a communist party between two congresses. Per the principles of democratic centralism, a central committee is empowered to deal with any issue that falls under the party's purview. While formally retaining this role in socialist states, commonly referred to as communist states by outside observers, in practice, it delegates this authority to numerous smaller internal organs due to the infrequency of its meetings.

The term of a central committee of a ruling communist party is usually five years. The party congress elects individuals to the central committee and holds it accountable. At the first central committee session held immediately after a congress, it elects the party leader, an office usually titled general secretary of the central committee, a political organ, commonly known as the politburo, and an executive organ, customarily named the secretariat.
HMAS Oxley
Two submarines of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Oxley, for the explorer John Oxley.

HMAS Oxley, an Odin-class submarine launched in 1926 and transferred to the Royal Navy in 1931.

HMAS Oxley (S 57), an Oberon-class submarine launched in 1965, decommissioned in 1992, and broken up for scrap.

HMS Oxley
HMS Oxley (originally HMAS Oxley) was an Odin-class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) then Royal Navy (RN). Very slightly off course, near Obrestad, on the south-western cape of Norway, she was hit by friendly fire seven days after the start of World War II costing 53 lives and leaving two survivors.
Mongolic peoples
The Mongolic peoples are a collection of East Asian-originated ethnic groups in East Asia, North Asia and Eastern Europe, who speak Mongolic languages. Their ancestors are referred to as Proto-Mongols. The largest contemporary Mongolic ethnic group is the Mongols. Mongolic-speaking people, although distributed in a wide geographical area, show a high genetic affinity to each other, and display continuity with ancient Northeast Asians.

Han Chinese subgroups
The Han Chinese people can be defined into subgroups based on linguistic, cultural, ethnic, genetic, and regional features. The groups are termed minxi (Chinese: 民系; pinyin: mínxì; Wade–Giles: min2 hsi4; lit. 'ethnic lineages', pronounced [mǐnɕî]) in mainland China and zuqun (Chinese: 族群; pinyin: zúqún; Wade–Giles: tzu2 ch'ün; lit. 'ethnic groups', pronounced [tsǔtɕʰy̌n]) in Taiwan. While the Chinese government recognizes 56 official ethnic groups, it does not recognize Han subgroups. Taiwan recognizes three subgroups: the Hakka, Hoklo, and Waishengren.
Kirsch's Place
Kirsch's Place, also known as the Fireweed Station Lodge, and now the Fireweed Station Inn, is a historic traveler accommodation near Talkeetna, Alaska.  It is located about 10.5 miles (16.9 km) south of Talkeetna, roughly 200 feet (61 m) east of mile 215.3 of the Alaska Railroad, a place known as Sunshine Siding.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story log structure, built in 1946 by John Kirsch as a residence and guest lodge.  Kirsch operated the lodge until his death in 1959.  The lodge is a rare survivor of a post-World War II rural building boom, which was later eclipsed as roads and settlement in the area became more prevalent.

The lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Talkeetna, Alaska
Talkeetna (Dena'ina: K'dalkitnu) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined a larger area as a census-designated place (CDP) that may not correspond with the local understanding of the community. At the 2020 census the entire CDP's population was 1,055, up from 876 in 2010.