hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Popular Health Movement
The Popular Health Movement of the 1830s–1850s was an aspect of Jacksonian-era politics and society in the United States. The movement promoted a rational skepticism toward claims of medical expertise that were based on personal authority, and encouraged ordinary people to understand the pragmatics of health care. Arising in the spirit of Andrew Jackson's anti-elitist views, the movement succeeded in ending almost all government regulation of health care. During the first two decades of the 19th century, states had regularly enacted licensing legislation; by 1845, only three states still licensed medical doctors. Among the leading figures within the movement were Samuel Thomson and Sylvester Graham.

Authoritarian personality
The authoritarian personality is a personality type characterized by a disposition to treat the voice of authority figures with unquestioning obedience and respect. Conceptually, the term originated from the writings of Erich Fromm and is usually applied to people who exhibit a strict and oppressive personality towards their subordinates, but was in fact inspired by Siegfried Kracauer's observation of a niche catering to the decisions of those they perceived to be above them and behaving aggressively toward those below them. Regardless of whether authoritarianism is more of a personality, attitude, ideology or disposition, scholars find it has had significant influence on public opinion and political behavior.
Chad Michael Boyer
Chad Michael Boyer is an American politician serving as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 46th district. A member of the Republican Party, Boyer has been in office since January 8, 2024.

Louisiana House of Representatives
The Louisiana House of Representatives (French: Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane; Spanish: Cámara de Representantes de Luisiana) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people (2000 figures). Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years). The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, as opposed to the near-universal two-year term.

The House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge.
St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research
St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research (SVI) is an independent Australian medical research institute located in Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria. The Institute conducts medical research into the cause, prevention and treatment of diseases that are common and have serious effects on health. These include type 1 diabetes, obesity, heart disease and type 2 diabetes, arthritis and osteoporosis, cancer and the spread of cancer, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS and Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.

SVI has been directed by endocrinologist Prof. Thomas Kay since 2002.

Founded in 1951 by the Sisters of Charity, SVI is affiliated with The University of Melbourne and St Vincent's Hospital, and is a member institution of the Mary Aikenhead Ministries.

Sisters of Charity of Australia
The Sisters of Charity of Australia, or the Congregation of the Religious Sisters of Charity of Australia, is a congregation of religious sisters in the Catholic Church established in 1838. Sisters use the post-nominal initials of RSC.
Stará Kremnička derailment
The Stará Kremnička derailment took place on 27 December 1944 in Stará Kremnička, Slovak Republic when a passenger train carrying German troops to the front lines derailed upon reaching the end of the train tracks after their brakes failed to operate properly, resulting in the deaths of 370 people with a further 7 injured.

Derailment
In rail transport, a derailment is a type of railway accident that occurs when a moving rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially serious hazard.

A derailment of a train can be caused by a collision with another object, operator error (such as excessive speed through a curve), mechanical failure of tracks (such as broken rails) or wheels, among other causes. In emergency situations, deliberate derailment with derails or catch points is sometimes used to prevent a more serious accident.
Jarosite
Jarosite is a basic hydrous sulfate of potassium and ferric iron (Fe-III) with a chemical formula of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6. This sulfate mineral is formed in ore deposits by the oxidation of iron sulfides. Jarosite is often produced as a byproduct during the purification and refining of zinc and is also commonly associated with acid mine drainage and acid sulfate soil environments.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
De Beer's Pass, KwaZulu-Natal
De Beer's Pass is located in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.  It is situated on an unmarked road between Ladysmith and Harrismith (labelled as S61 on Google Maps) in the neighbouring Free State province.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Cibecue, Arizona
Cibecue (Western Apache: Dishchiiʼ Bikoh "Horizontally Red Valley/Canyon") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. The population was 1,816 in the 2020 United States Census.

The current council leaders are Travis Tessay Sr. and Tony Alsenay.

The Cibecue community has a high unemployment rate, which was exacerbated by the Rodeo–Chediski Fire, Arizona's second-largest wildfire in recorded history. Education is the sector that employs the most people in the community.

Western Apache language
The Western Apache language is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken among the 14,000 Western Apaches in Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua and in east-central Arizona. There are approximately 6,000 speakers living on the San Carlos Reservation and 7,000 living on the Fort Apache Reservation. In Mexico, they mainly live in Hermosillo, Sonora, and other native communities in Chihuahua.
João Pessoa (politician)
João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (24 January 1878 – 26 July 1930) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer who served as the governor of Paraíba between 1928 and 1930.

Pessoa was a supporter of Getúlio Vargas and ran as his running mate in the 1930 Brazilian presidential election in opposition to the café com leite system. Pessoa was assassinated shortly after the election which became one of the main causes of the Brazilian Revolution of 1930.

João Pessoa, the capital and largest city of Paraíba, was renamed in his honor in September of the same year.

Milk coffee politics
Milk coffee politics or café com leite politics (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈfɛ kõ ˈlejtʃi]) is a term that refers to the oligarchic domination of Brazilian politics under the so-called Old Republic (1889–1930) by the landed gentries of São Paulo (dominated by the coffee industry) and Minas Gerais (dominated by the dairy industry), being represented by the Republican Party of São Paulo (PRP) and the Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM).

The name alludes to the popular coffee beverage café com leite, (lit. 'coffee with 
milk'), referring to the states' respectively dominant industry.
Scalia (surname)
Scalia is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonin Scalia (1936–2016), American judge

Daniela Scalia (born 1975), Italian television journalist and presenter

Eugene Scalia (born 1963), U.S. Secretary of Labor, son of Antonin Scalia

Jack Scalia (born 1950), American actor

Jimmy Scalia (born 1960), American record producer

Liz Scalia, British-Italian cyclist

Pietro Scalia (born 1960), Italian-American film editor

Silvia Scalia (born 1995), Italian swimmer

Vito Scalia (1925–2009), Italian politician

Jack Scalia
Jack Scalia (born November 10, 1950) is an American actor. Scalia is perhaps best known for his frequent appearances in prime-time television series (both as a regular and as a guest-star) and television movies in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as feature films.
USS Edsall (DE-129)
USS Edsall (DE-129) was the lead ship of her class of destroyer escort in the United States Navy. She was the second Navy ship named in honor of Seaman Norman Edsall (1873–1899).

Edsall was laid down by the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange, Texas, on 2 July 1942; launched 1 November 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Bessie Edsall Bracey, sister of Seaman Edsall; and commissioned 10 April 1943.

Orange, Texas
Orange is a city in and the county seat of Orange County, Texas, United States. The population was 19,324 at the 2020 census. It is the easternmost city in Texas, located on the Sabine River at the border with Louisiana, and is 113 miles (182 km) from Houston. Orange is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area. Founded in 1836, it is a deep-water port to the Gulf of Mexico.
Pavez
Pavez is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Rojas Pavez (1906–1994), Chilean politician

Esteban Pavez (born 1990), Chilean footballer

Luis Antonio Pavez Contreras (born 1988), Chilean footballer

Luis Alberto Pavez Muñoz (born 1995), Chilean footballer

José Eduardo Pavez (born 1969), Mexican footballer

Juan Acevedo Pavez (1914–2010), Chilean politician

Monica Pavez, Canadian special effects make-up artist

Sebastián Pavez (born 1996), Chilean handball player

Terele Pávez (1939–2017), Spanish actress

Monica Pavez
Monica Pavez is a Canadian special effects make-up artist in film and television, who won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Makeup at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023 alongside Alexandra Anger for their work on the film Crimes of the Future.

With Evi Zafiropoulou, Anger and Pavez also received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Makeup at the 47th Saturn Awards in 2022.
Herzberger
Herzberger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Magda Herzberger (1926–2021), Romanian author, poet and composer

Maximilian Herzberger (1899–1982), German mathematician and physicist

Radhika Herzberger (born 1938), Indian writer, educationist and scholar in Sanskrit and Indology

Maximilian Herzberger
Maximilian Jacob Herzberger (7 or 17 Mar 1899, Berlin, Germany — 9 Apr 1982, New Orleans, United States) was a German-American mathematician and physicist, known for his development of the superachromat lens.
Liang Zhen
Liang Zhen (Chinese: 梁震), né Liang Ai (梁靄), known as the Hermit of Jing Tower (荊臺隱士) after retirement, was the chief strategist for Gao Jixing (Gao Jichang), the founding prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state of Jingnan (Nanping).

Jingnan
Jingnan (simplified Chinese: 荆南; traditional Chinese: 荊南; pinyin: Jīngnán), also known as Nanping (南平; alternatively written as Southern Ping) and Northern Chu (北楚) in historiography, was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Lasting from 924 to 963, it was located in south-central China.
Juan Diego Ormaechea
Juan Diego Ormaechea (born 28 January 1989) is a Uruguayan rugby union player who generally plays as a number eight represents Uruguay internationally. He was included in the Uruguayan squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup which is held in Japan for the first time and also marks his first World Cup appearance.

2019 Rugby World Cup squads
The 2019 Rugby World Cup was an international rugby union tournament which was held in Japan from 20 September until 2 November 2019. Twenty national teams competed, and each brought a 31-man squad containing no regulated number of players per-position to the tournament. The tournament was administered by World Rugby, to whom each team submitted their finalised squad by 8 September 2019. A player may be replaced for medical or compassionate reasons, but would be unable to return to the squad. Any replacement player has an enforced stand-down period of 48 hours before they can take the field.

Players marked (c) were named as captain for their national squad.

The age listed for each player is on 20 September 2019, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps for each player do not include any matches played after the start of tournament.
Jericho (2016 TV series)
Jericho is a British period drama television series created and written by Steve Thompson; it was directed by Paul Whittington. The eight-part series premiered on ITV between 7 January and 25 February 2016. The series re-imagines the building of the Ribblehead Viaduct (renamed the Culverdale Viaduct) as a Western-inspired story. It is set in the fictional town of Jericho, a shanty town in the Yorkshire Dales of England, which springs up around the construction of a railway viaduct in the 1870s.

In April 2016, ITV confirmed that a second series of the show was not going to be commissioned. The series was available for streaming video in the USA on Acorn TV, beginning 11 July 2016.

Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via meaning "road", and ducere meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length.
Thomas Champion (priest)
Thomas Eric Champion was a New Zealand Anglican priest in the twentieth century.

Champion was  educated at  Moore Theological College; and ordained deacon in 1937, and priest in 1938.

After a curacy in Wairau, he was the incumbent at Picton. He was a chaplain to the New Zealand Armed Forces during World War II. When peace returned he became vicar of All Saints, Nelson; and archdeacon of Waimea from 1949 until 1956.

Picton, New Zealand
Picton (Māori: Waitohi) is a town in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand's South Island. The town is located near the head of the Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui, 25 km (16 mi) north of Blenheim and 65 km (40 mi) west of Wellington. Waikawa lies just north-east of Picton and is considered to be a contiguous part of the Picton urban area.

Picton is a major hub in New Zealand's transport network, connecting the South Island road and rail network with ferries across Cook Strait to Wellington and the North Island. The Picton urban area has a population of 4,850  (June 2025), making it the second-largest town in the Marlborough Region behind Blenheim. It is the easternmost town in the South Island with a population of at least 1,000 people.
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering epidemiologic research related to paediatrics and perinatology. It was established in 1987 by Jean Golding, who remained editor-in-chief until 2012 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. Following Jean Golding, the position of editor-in-chief was taken up by Cande V. Ananth of the Columbia University Medical Center. The journal is affiliated with the Society for Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiologic Research.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.980.

Maternal–fetal medicine
Maternal–fetal medicine (MFM), also known as Perinatology or Feto-maternal medicine, is a branch of medicine that focuses on managing health concerns of the mother and fetus prior to, during, and shortly after pregnancy.

Maternal–fetal medicine specialists are physicians who subspecialize within the field of obstetrics. Their training typically includes a four-year residency in obstetrics and gynecology followed by a three-year fellowship. They may perform prenatal tests, provide treatments, and perform surgeries. They act both as a consultant during lower-risk pregnancies and as the primary obstetrician in especially high-risk pregnancies. After birth, they may work closely with pediatricians or neonatologists. For the mother, perinatologists assist with pre-existing health concerns, as well as complications caused by pregnancy.
Jens Henschel
Jens Henschel (born 18 September 1964, in Zeitz) is a German former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Henschel made 50 appearances in the DDR-Liga and 12 appearances in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga during his playing career.

DDR-Liga
The DDR-Liga (English: GDR League or East German League) was, prior to German reunification in 1990, the second level of football competition in the DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik or German Democratic Republic, commonly East Germany), being roughly equivalent to the 2. Bundesliga in West Germany.
Robb Leech
Robb Leech is a British documentary filmmaker and former tree surgeon.

His stepbrother, Richard Dart, converted to an extreme form of Islam in 2009 and later became a convicted terrorist. Leech made two films charting Dart's conversion and later conviction and imprisonment: My Brother the Islamist in 2011 and My Brother the Terrorist in 2014.

In 2015, Leech made a third film, Welcome to the Mosque, which explored the everyday life at the East London Mosque in Whitechapel, one of the biggest mosques in the UK. Leech's filming coincided with three schoolgirls from nearby Bethnal Green Academy going to Syria to join the so-called Islamic State and documented the mosque's attempts to help the missing girls' grieving families, while battling allegations from sections of the media that it was responsible for radicalising the girls themselves.

Bethnal Green trio
The Bethnal Green trio are Amira Abase, Shamima Begum, and Kadiza Sultana, three British girls who attended the Bethnal Green Academy in London before leaving home in February 2015 to join ISIS. According to the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, they were among an estimated 550 women and girls from Western countries who had travelled to join ISIS.

As of 2024, Kadiza Sultana has been reported killed, Shamima Begum has been stripped of her British citizenship and denied re-entry into the United Kingdom, and Amira Abase was reported to be deceased according to Begum in the documentary The Return: Life After ISIS (2021).

The events were adapted into the Swedish TV series Caliphate.
El Salvador at the 2019 Pan American Games
El Salvador competed in the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019.

On July 1, 2019, archer Roberto Hernández was named as the country's flag bearer during the opening ceremony. On the same day the El Salvador Olympic Committee announced the full team of 56 athletes (29 men and 27 women) competing in 21 sports. Later three athletes (one man and two women) were added to the team.

2019 Pan American Games opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2019 Pan American Games took place on Friday July 26, 2019, at the Estadio Nacional del Perú in Lima, Peru, and ran from 20:00 to 23:05 PET. The ceremony was entitled "Amazing Peru!" and featured a stage designed as Pariacaca, the sacred mountain of Lima. It was produced by Italian company Balich Worldwide Shows and directed by creative director Francisco Negrin.
Pichonia
Pichonia is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus in 1890.

Species are hermaphroditic trees growing to 30 metres tall. Leaves are opposite or subopposite and clustered at the ends of branches. Flowers are cup-shaped or campanulate, grouped in inflorescences, and red or white. The 5–8 corolla tubes are often shorter than the lobes, and the calyx forms of single whorl of five quncuncial sepals. Fruits usually have a single seed.

Pichonia is native to New Caledonia, New Guinea and nearby Islands in Indonesia and Papuasia. Species grow in rain forests or on rocky and well-drained ridges or slopes at low elevations. The New Caledonia species are restricted to ultramafic soils.

Papuasia
Papuasia is a Level 2 botanical region defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Melanesia ecoregion of Oceania and Tropical Asia.

It comprises the following geographic and political entities:

Aru Islands (Indonesia; treated as part of Western New Guinea in the Scheme)

New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Western New Guinea (Indonesia)

Solomon Islands (archipelago)
Bougainville
Solomon Islands (excluding the Santa Cruz Islands)
Lee Kovarsky
Lee B. Kovarsky is an American legal scholar.

Kovarsky was raised in Houston, and grew up as a fan of the Houston Astros Major League Baseball team. He graduated with a degree in political science and economics from Yale College. He then worked for a startup and planned to go to film school. Instead, he completed a J. D. at the University of Virginia School of Law, became a clerk for Jerry Edwin Smith, and worked in appellate law.

Kovarsky returned to academia with a three-year stint as acting assistant professor at the New York University School of Law, then joined the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law for ten years before moving to the University of Texas School of Law in 2020, where he was later appointed Bryant Smith Chair in Law.

In 2020, Kovarsky was elected a member of the American Law Institute.

University of Texas School of Law
The University of Texas School of Law (Texas Law or UT Law) is the law school of the University of Texas at Austin, a public research university in Austin, Texas.  According to Texas Law’s ABA disclosures, 93.0% of the Class of 2024 obtained full-time, long-term bar passage required employment (i.e. as attorneys) nine months after graduation.
Limacodidae
The Limacodidae or Eucleidae  are a family of moths in the superfamily Zygaenoidea or the Cossoidea; the placement is in dispute. They are often called slug moths because their caterpillars bear a distinct resemblance to slugs.  They are also called cup moths because of the shape of their cocoons.

The larvae are often liberally covered in protective stinging hairs, and are mostly tropical, but occur worldwide, with about 1800 described species and probably many more as yet undescribed species.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Batticaloa Museum
Batticaloa Museum is a small museum, which is located in inside of Batticaloa Fort, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1999. The museum has rare items such as palm-leaf manuscripts, British era government items, tools and utensils.

Batticaloa
Batticaloa (Tamil: மட்டக்களப்பு, Maṭṭakkaḷappu, IPA: [mɐʈːɐkːɐɭɐpːɯ]; Sinhala: මඩකලපුව, Maḍakalapuwa, IPA: [məɖəkələpuʋə]) is a major city in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, and its former capital. It is the administrative capital of the Batticaloa District. The city is the seat of the Eastern University of Sri Lanka and is a major commercial centre.  It is on the east coast, 111 kilometres (69 mi) south of Trincomalee, and is situated on an island. Pasikudah is a popular tourist destination situated 35 km (22 mi) northwest with beaches and flat year-round warm-water shallow-lagoons.