hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raoultella terrigena
Raoultella terrigena is a Gram-negative bacterial species of the genus Raoultella, previously classified in the genus Klebsiella.  It has primarily been isolated from soil and water samples, but rarely from humans. Studies have estimated fewer than 1% of healthy people harbor this species.  This species has rarely been shown to cause disease in humans despite expressing many of the virulence factors expressed by other Klebsiella species such as Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Phylogenic comparisons between the 16s rRNA and rpoB genes of this and other Klebsiella species have suggested classification into a newer genus, Raoultella, a reclassification that has been adopted.

R. terrigena is considered a factor in melamine toxicity. In culture, R. terrigena was shown to convert melamine to cyanuric acid directly. Rats colonized by R. terrigena showed greater melamine-induced kidney damage compared to those not colonized.

16S ribosomal RNA
16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure.

The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA genes and are used in reconstructing phylogenies, due to the slow rates of evolution of this region of the gene. Carl Woese and George E. Fox were two of the people who pioneered the use of 16S rRNA in phylogenetics in 1977. Multiple sequences of the 16S rRNA gene can exist within a single bacterium.
Abraham Colfe
Abraham Colfe (7 Aug 1580 – 5 Dec 1657) was vicar of Lewisham from 1610 to 1657 and a notable English philanthropist, founding Colfe's School, a reading (primary) or Latin school and five almshouses for the inhabitants of Lewisham (today, part of south-east London). The school later came to bear his name.

Colfe declared that the aim of the school was to provide an education for "pupils of good wit and capacity and apt to learn". His original vision was to educate the children of "the hundred of Blackheath", today, most of the pupils come from the four boroughs which surround the school.

Colfe invited the Leathersellers' Company, one of the oldest of the city Livery Companies, to be a trustee of his will. Links between the school and the company are strong. The official visitor to the school is Prince Michael of Kent. There is no image of Colfe in existence.

Blackheath, London
Blackheath is an area in Southeast London, straddling the border of the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Lewisham. Historically within the county of Kent, it is located 1-mile (1.6 km) northeast of Lewisham, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Greenwich and 6.4 miles (10.3 km) southeast of Charing Cross, the traditional centre of London.

The area southwest of its station and in its ward is named Lee Park. Its northern neighbourhood of Vanbrugh Park is also known as St John's Blackheath and despite forming a projection has amenities beyond its traditional reach named after the heath. To its west is the core public green area that is the heath and Greenwich Park, in which sit major London tourist attractions including the Greenwich Observatory and the Greenwich Prime Meridian. Blackheath railway station is located in the southern part of Blackheath.
Bustan Birke
Bustan Birke or Boustan el Birke is a Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture that is located 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast of Kefraya, Lebanon.

The site was found in a vineyard by Lorraine Copeland and Frank Skeels in 1966. Heavy Neolithic materials recovered resembled those from Kefraya with an increased proportion of lighter tools. Large flakes, picks, large scrapers and choppers made on discoid cores were found, most frequently in chert-like flint or silicious grey limestone. Other forms found included a grattoir de côté and a nose-scraper typical of the Upper Paleolithic.

Another tell was found to the northwest of the site, opposing the road to the village but had been destroyed by the building of a villa so that only Roman material could be found among the debris.

Qaraoun culture
The Qaraoun culture is a culture of the Lebanese Stone Age around Qaraoun in the Beqaa Valley. The Gigantolithic or Heavy Neolithic flint tool industry of this culture was recognized as a particular Neolithic variant of the Lebanese highlands by Henri Fleisch, who collected over one hundred flint tools within two hours on 2 September 1954 from the site. Fleisch discussed the discoveries with Alfred Rust and Dorothy Garrod, who confirmed the culture to have Neolithic elements. Garrod said that the Qaraoun culture "in the absence of all stratigraphical evidence may be regarded as mesolithic or proto-neolithic". (5,000 to 20,000 years Before Present ).
Research in Sports Medicine
Research in Sports Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering sports medicine. It was established in 1988 as Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation, obtaining its current title in 2003. The journal is published by Routledge and the editor-in-chiefs are  Youlian Hong (Chengdu Sports University) and Lars R. McNaughton.

Chengdu Sport University
Chengdu Sport University (Chinese: 成都体育学院; pinyin: Chéngdū Tǐyù Xuéyuàn) is a sports university in the southwest of the downtown district of Chengdu, Sichuan Province.

The university is administered by the national State General Administration of Sports and the Sichuan provincial government.

The Hang Kong Gang Campus is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport.

Chengdu Sport University was founded in 1942. In 1953, the fully-established system was transformed into the Southwest Institute of Sports. In 1956, it was changed to Chengdu Sports University.

It is the most famous kinesiology university in southwest China, as well as one of the top five of the kind. It has a reputation from sports, such as gymnastics, martial art and weightlifting, and is recognized as an established authority in sports medicine and the application of T.C.M. in prevention, therapy and recovery of sports injuries and fatigue.
Assaat
Assaat Datuk Mudo (18 September 1904 – 16 June 1976), known as Mr. Assaat, was born in Banuhampu, Agam, West Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He was the only President of the Yogyakarta-based Republic of Indonesia before it became the part of the United States of Indonesia, and was in office from December 1949 until August 1950. He and a number of Indonesia founders, fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch.

Agam Regency
Agam Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Agam) is a regency of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 2,226.27 km2 and had a population of 454,853 at the 2010 census and 529,138 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 530,123 (comprising 265,811 males and 264,312 females). The regency seat is the town of Lubuk Basung. Bukittinggi city is surrounded by this regency but is not administratively included in it.

Lake Maninjau, a crater lake, is a well-known landmark of the regency, and is used as a site for paragliding. This lake is also a primary tourist destination in West Sumatra.
Ramp basin
A ramp basin is a geological depression bounded by a pair of opposite-facing reverse faults or thrust faults. In rifting, the equivalent structure is a graben, although the bounding faults are normal rather than reverse in type. Examples of this type of basin include the Cul-de-Sac depression in Haiti and Issyk-Kul in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan.

Plain of the Cul-de-Sac
Plain of the Cul-de-Sac (French: Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, also known as the Cul-de-Sac Plain, or the Cul-de-Sac Depression) is a fertile lowland on the island of Hispaniola. It extends from southeastern Haiti into the southwestern Dominican Republic, where it is known as the Hoya de Enriquillo.
Nyhavn 27
Nyhavn 27 is an 18th-century property overlooking the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. In the 18th century, it was for a while owned by the timber merchant Andreas Bodenhoff. The building was later operated as a hotel under the name Stadt Flensburg.

Nyhavn
Nyhavn (Danish pronunciation: [ˈnyˌhɑwˀn]; New Haven) is a 17th-century waterfront, canal and entertainment district in Copenhagen, Denmark. Stretching from Kongens Nytorv to the Inner Harbour just south of the Royal Playhouse, it is lined by brightly coloured 17th and early 18th century townhouses and bars, cafes and restaurants. The canal harbours many historical wooden ships.
2019 Asian Women's Softball Championship
The 2019 Asian Women's Softball Championship was an international softball tournament which featured ten nations and was held from 1–7 May 2019 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Matches were held at the Gelora Bung Karno Softball Stadium

The tournament also serves as the qualifiers for the WBSC Softball Asia/Oceania 2019 Qualifying Event for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. The top six teams aside from the Olympic hosts, Japan, advanced to the final Olympic qualifier to be hosted in Shanghai, China. The top three nations also qualified for the 2021 Women's World Championships.

Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex
The Bung Karno Sports Complex (Indonesian: Gelanggang Olahraga Bung Karno), better known as Gelora Bung Karno; formerly named the Asian Games Complex (Indonesian: Kompleks Asian Games) and the Senayan Sports Complex (Indonesian: Kompleks Olahraga Senayan) from 1969 to 2001, is a sports complex located in Gelora, Central Jakarta, bordering the Senayan, South Jakarta because of its large location. This sports complex consists of a main stadium, secondary stadium, two main indoor gymnasiums known as the Sports Palace (Istora) and the Indonesia Arena, football fields, aquatic stadium, tennis stadiums (indoor and outdoor), hockey, baseball and archery fields, and other gymnasiums.

Originally built with substantial Soviet assistance, this sports complex was a brain child of Sukarno, the first President of Indonesia, in order to host the 1962 Asian Games. It was built in 1960, and underwent major renovation for the 2018 Asian Games and Asian Para Games.
Charles Montaland
Charles Montaland (14 February 1910 – 10 February 1985) was a French organist, composer, improviser, and music teacher, born in Lyon.

He studied music composition with René Leibowitz and orchestration with Manuel Rosenthal.

For 30 years he taught music at Lyon music conservatory (fr).

He taught music to the French film music composer Pierre Yves Lenik.

A street in the neighbourhood of Villeurbanne bears his name.

A choir bears his name. Ensemble Charles Montaland

Manuel Rosenthal
Manuel Rosenthal (18 June 1904 – 5 June 2003) was a French composer and conductor who held leading positions with musical organizations in France and the United States. He was friends with many contemporary composers, and despite a considerable list of compositions is mostly remembered for having orchestrated the popular ballet score Gaîté Parisienne from piano scores of Offenbach operettas, and for his recordings as a conductor.
Mayo, Ivory Coast
Mayo is a town in south-western Ivory Coast. It is a commune in Soubré sub-prefecture of Soubré Department, Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District. Since 2012, Mayo is the only commune seat that is not also the seat of a sub-prefecture.

The commune was established in April 1998.

Soubré Department
Soubré Department is a department of Nawa Region in Bas-Sassandra District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 587,441 and its seat is the settlement of Soubré. The sub-prefectures of the department are Grand-Zattry, Liliyo, Okrouyo, and Soubré.
Dulcie and Decorum
"Dulcie and Decorum" is a science fiction short story  by American writer Damon Knight. It first appeared in the March 1955 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction.  In 1969 it was reprinted by Gollancz in the collection Off Centre.

The title is a play on the first words of Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori, the Latin phrase meaning "It is sweet and fitting to die for one's country."

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
Giardino di Costanza Resort
The Giardino di Costanza Resort is a hotel in Italy which formerly belonged to the International Kempinski Hotels chain.

The Resort stands among rows of vineyards and olive groves in the western side of Sicily, near Mazara del Vallo, in the province of Trapani.

The Resort is entitled to Constance of Sicily, the last Hauteville.

Mazara del Vallo
Mazara del Vallo (Italian: [madˈdzaːra del ˈvallo]; Sicilian: Mazzara [matˈtsaːɾa]) is a city and comune in the province of Trapani, northwestern Sicily, Italy. It lies mainly on the left bank at the mouth of the Mazaro river.

It is an agricultural and fishing centre and its port gives shelter to the largest fishing fleet in Italy. The city is also one of the most historically significant in Sicily.
Laura Wilson (writer)
Laura Wilson (born 1964) is an English crime writer based in London, where she was born and raised. She has degrees in English Literature from Somerville College, Oxford, and University College London, and has worked as a teacher and editor of non-fiction. Many of her novels have either a historical setting or a distinct historical connection, and often have split or dual narratives.

Her fifth novel, The Lover, won the Prix du Polar Européen in 2005, and her eighth, Stratton’s War, won the Crime Writers' Association's 2008 Ellis Peters Award for Best Historical Mystery. Both The Lover and A Thousand Lies were shortlisted for the Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger, and A Little Death, The Lover and An Empty Death were shortlisted for the Ellis Peters Award. She is The Guardian's crime fiction reviewer and was the 2009 programming chair of the Harrogate Crime Writing Festival. She also writes novels for young adults as Jamie Costello.

Theakston Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award
The Theakston Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award is one of the UK's top crime-fiction awards, sponsored by Theakston's Old Peculier. It is awarded annually at Harrogate Crime Writing Festival in the UK, held every July, as part of the Harrogate International Festivals. The winner receives £3000 and a small hand-carved oak beer cask carved by one of Britain's last coopers. Novels eligible are those crime novels published in paperback any time during the previous year. Voting is by the public with decisions of a jury-panel also taken into account, a fact not-much publicised by the award organisers, who are keen to emphasize the public-voting aspect of the award.
Ralph Gray Trucking Co.
The Ralph Gray Trucking Co. site is a former Superfund site in Westminster, California, United States. It was formerly a disposal site for petroleum waste products until a developer built residential homes on top of the field. The United States Environmental Protection Agency added the site to its National Priorities List of Superfund sites in 1992 and took it off in 2004 after extensive clean up efforts.

National Priorities List
The National Priorities List (NPL) is the priority list of hazardous waste sites in the United States eligible for long-term remedial investigation and remedial action (cleanup) financed under the federal Superfund program. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations outline a formal process for assessing hazardous waste sites and placing them on the NPL. The NPL is intended primarily to guide EPA in determining which sites are so contaminated as to warrant further investigation and significant cleanup.

As of 2022, 1333 sites are on the list, and 43 sites have been proposed for listing. 448 sites have been deleted from the list.
Change Is Coming (album)
Change Is Coming is the fourth solo studio album by American musician Money Mark. It was released on September 18, 2001, through Emperor Norton Records. Production was handled by Money Mark himself together with Mario C.

Upon its release, the album was met with generally favourable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, Change Is Coming received an average score of 78 based on ten reviews.

Emperor Norton Records
Emperor Norton Records was a Los Angeles-based electronica, hip-hop, and dance-music record label.  Among the artists featured on the label were Ladytron, Arling & Cameron, Money Mark, Ugly Duckling, Phaser, and Fantastic Plastic Machine.  Additionally, it released the soundtracks to movies including Lost in Translation, CQ  and The Virgin Suicides.

The company was named after Joshua A. Norton, a San Francisco citizen noted for proclaiming himself Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico in 1859. The record label was founded by Peter Getty (grandson of the late billionaire J. Paul Getty), and the company was purchased by Rykodisc in 2004 and was then acrimoniously shut down later that year, with Rykodisc inheriting its back-catalog.

On March 23, 2006, it was announced that Warner Music Group acquired the Ryko Corporation for $67.5 million.
Lectionary 295
Lectionary 295 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ 295 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th or 10th century.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Galina Miklínová
Galina Miklínová (28 July 1970) is a Czech illustrator and director of cartoons. She graduated from UMPRUM in Prague in 1997. She also studied at the University of Humberside in the United Kingdom. She won many awards as both an author of cartoons and an illustrator of books. She often works with a Czech poet Pavel Šrut.

University of Lincoln
The University of Lincoln is a public research university in Lincoln, England, with origins dating back to 1861. It gained university status in 1992 and its present name in 2001. The main campus is in the heart of the city of Lincoln alongside the Brayford Pool. There are satellite campuses across Lincolnshire in Riseholme and Holbeach and graduation ceremonies take place in Lincoln Cathedral.
1950–51 Svenska mästerskapet (men's handball)
The 1950–51 Svenska mästerskapet was the 20th season of Svenska mästerskapet, a tournament to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. The tournament was contested by all Allsvenskan teams and all District Champions, along with invited teams from Division II. 32 teams competed in the tournament. IK Heim were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Örebro SK in the quarterfinals. Division II team AIK won the title, defeating IFK Kristianstad in the final. The final was played on 18 March in Eriksdalshallen in Stockholm and was watched by 1,784 spectators.

IFK Lidingö
IFK Lidingö is a Swedish sports club, part of the IFK system, based on the island of Lidingö outside Stockholm. Although the club takes part in numerous sports, it is most famous for its football, athletics and orienteering sections. The football team are called IFK Lidingö FK.

The club was founded in 1932 and in 1985 it became an alliance club with independent sections. It currently has 400 members, most of them under around 15 years of age. The club arranges Lidingöloppet, which attracts nationwide attention.
Francis Herne
Francis Herne (c1702–1776), was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1754 and 1776.

Herne was the son of Francis Herne of Arminghall Norfolk and his wife Franck Flatman, daughter of Thomas Flatman. His father was a London merchant in the Spanish trade and he was educated at Harrow School from 1714 to 1720 and was admitted at Caius College, Cambridge on 10 October 1720. In 1751, he succeeded to the Luton Hoo estates of a kinswoman Miss Frances Napier. He was High Sheriff of Bedfordshire for 1753–4.

Herne was returned as Member of Parliament for Bedford in 1754 on a compromise with the Duke of Bedford and with the support of the corporation, and was re-elected in 1761. In 1763 he sold Luton Hoo to Lord Bute, and did not stand for Bedford in 1768. He was returned as MP for Camelford in the 1774 general election.

Herne died on 26 September 1776.

1774 British general election
The 1774 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 14th Parliament of Great Britain to be held, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. Lord North's government was returned with a large majority. The opposition consisted of factions supporting the Marquess of Rockingham and William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, both of whom referred to themselves as Whigs. North's opponents referred to his supporters as Tories, but no Tory party existed at the time and his supporters rejected the label.
Khong district, Laos
Khong District, Laos is a district (muang) of Champasak province in southwestern Laos. The district borders Cambodia in the far south and is known for the Khonephapheng Waterfalls and the Si Phan Don (4000 Islands) area.

Khone Phapheng Falls
The Khone Falls and Pha Pheng Falls (Lao: ນ້ຳຕົກຕາດຄອນພະເພັງ; Khmer: ល្បាក់ខោន, Lbak Khaon) together form a waterfall located in Champasak Province on the Mekong River in southern Laos, near the border with Cambodia. It is the widest waterfall in the world at 10,783 metres (35,376 feet or 6.7 miles) in width from one edge of its multiple channels to the other.

The Khone Falls are the largest in southeast Asia, and are the main reason that the Mekong is not fully navigable into China. The falls are characterised by thousands of islands and countless waterways, giving the area its name Si Phan Don or 'the 4,000 islands'.

The highest falls reach to 21 metres (69 ft); the succession of rapids stretch 9.7 km (6.0 mi) of the river's length. The average discharge of the cataract is nearly 11,000 m3/s (390,000 cu ft/s), with the highest flow on record at over 49,000 m3/s (1,700,000 cu ft/s).
Mr. Thank You
Mr. Thank You (有りがたうさん, Arigatō-san) is a 1936 Japanese comedy-drama film written and directed by Hiroshi Shimizu. It is based on a short story by Nobel Prize-winning novelist Yasunari Kawabata, and noted for its portrayal of depression-era Japan and its location shooting.

Yasunari Kawabata
Yasunari/Kōsei Kawabata (川端 康成, Kawabata Yasunari/Kōsei; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.wa.ba.ta (|) ja.sɯꜜ.na.ɾʲi, -koꜜː.sei, -seː], 11 June 1899 – 16 April 1972) was a Japanese novelist and short story writer whose spare, lyrical, subtly-shaded prose works won him the 1968 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first Japanese author to receive the award. His works have enjoyed broad international appeal and are still widely read.