hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mandranwala
Mandranwala (Urdu/Punjabi:مندرانوالہ) is a village near Daska in Sialkot District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Mandranwala is a medium-sized village situated only three kilometers from Daska city. It is 28 kilometers from Sialkot City.

Sialkot District
Sialkot District is a district within the Gujranwala Division of Punjab, Pakistan. Located in northeastern Punjab, the city of Sialkot is the headquarters of the district. It houses the Sialkot Cantonment, established in 1852.
Self-Portrait with Hat and Veil
Self-Portrait with Hat and Veil is a painting by the German Expression painter Paula Modersohn-Becker. It was painted between 1906-07. It has been described as an impenetrable, secret painting: "the artist stands in front of a draped window, her face both in shadow and covered by a veil, doubly concealing the backlit figure from public viewing. Only the deep V-shape of her garment suggests exposure of any kind, and even there the flower held just at the breast both hints at and denies a fuller view."

It hangs in the Kunstmuseum, in The Hague.

Kunstmuseum Den Haag
The Kunstmuseum Den Haag is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866 as the Museum voor Moderne Kunst. Later, until 1998, it was known as Haags Gemeentemuseum, and until the end of September 2019 as Gemeentemuseum Den Haag. It has a collection of around 165,000 works, over many different forms of art. In particular, the Kunstmuseum is renowned for its large Mondrian collection, the largest in the world. Mondrian's last work, Victory Boogie-Woogie, is on display at the museum.

The current museum building was constructed between 1931 and 1935, designed by the Dutch architect H.P. Berlage.

The KM21 (museum for contemporary art) and Fotomuseum Den Haag (The Hague museum for photography) are part of the Kunstmuseum, though not housed in the same building and with a separate entrance fee.

The new director Margriet Schavemaker started on 1 June 2024. She replaces Benno Tempel, who left as of 1 November 2023.
Prostitution in Venezuela
Sex work in Venezuela is legal and regulated. The country's Ministry of Health and Social Development requires sex workers to carry identification cards and to have monthly health checkups. Prostitution is common, particularly in Caracas and in other domestic tourist destinations. The Venezuelan sex work industry arose in conjunction with the oil industry of the twentieth century and continues today.

History of the Venezuelan oil industry
Venezuela has the world's largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 304 billion barrels (18% of global reserves) as of 2020. The country was once one of the world's largest exporters of oil. Oil production peaked in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

In 2008, crude oil production in Venezuela was the tenth-highest in the world at 2,394,020 barrels per day (380,619 m3/d) and the country was also the eighth-largest net oil exporter in the world. Venezuela is a founding member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Erik Fleming (director)
Erik Fleming is an American film and television director and producer. He is a graduate of USC School of Cinematic Arts and known for creating the 1992 experimental short film, The Silver Surfer, which portrayed the Marvel Comics character through CGI.

USC School of Cinematic Arts
The USC School of Cinematic Arts is an academic unit of the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles. With a history that dates to the first years of talkies, the school descends from America's first program to confer a college degree in film.  Under a name that directly preceded its present one, it became, in the 1980s, an academic unit of its own, within the university.  Colloquially "SCA" or "the USC film school," it now has several divisions or programs, which treat artistic or business aspects of the creation of motion pictures and related media.
Herdsman
Herdsman (plural herdsmen) can refer to:

Herder, a worker who lives a possibly semi-nomadic life, caring for various domestic animals

Herdsman, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth
Herdsman Lake, a groundwater lake located in Herdsman

The Herdsman, a 1982 Chinese film by Xie Jin

Stephen Herdsman (born 1975), American soccer defender

the constellation Boötes

Boötes
Boötes (/boʊˈoʊtiːz/ boh-OH-teez) is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from Latin: Boōtēs, which comes from Ancient Greek: Βοώτης, romanized: Boṓtēs 'herdsman' or 'plowman' (literally, 'ox-driver'; from βοῦς boûs 'cow').

One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations. It contains the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, the orange giant Arcturus. Epsilon Boötis, or Izar, is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers. Boötes is home to many other bright stars, including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude, making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye.
Mike Strahler
Michael Wayne Strahler (March 14, 1947 – July 14, 2016) was an American baseball player who played as a pitcher in the Major League Baseball. He pitched from 1970 to 1973 for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Detroit Tigers. He was traded from the Tigers to the Milwaukee Brewers for Ray Newman at the Winter Meetings on December 6, 1973.

Strahler died on July 14, 2016, aged 69.

Winter Meetings
Representatives of all 30 Major League Baseball teams and their 120 Minor League Baseball affiliates convene for four days each December in the Winter Meetings to discuss league business and conduct off-season trades and transactions. Attendees include league executives, team owners, general managers, team scouts, visitors from baseball-playing countries, trade show exhibitors, and people seeking employment with minor league organizations. The Rule 5 draft, in which minor league players who are not on a team's 40-man roster can be drafted by a major league team, is held on the last day of the meetings.
Daniel Alfredson
Hans Daniel Björn Alfredson (born 23 May 1959 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish film director who is best known for directing film versions of two parts of the Millennium Trilogy:  The Girl Who Played with Fire and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest. At the 29th Guldbagge Awards he won the award for Best Screenplay and was nominated for Best Director for the film The Man on the Balcony. In 2015 his film Blackway starring Anthony Hopkins, Julia Stiles and Ray Liotta was released.

He is the older brother of Tomas Alfredson (director of Let the Right One In and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy) and the son of Hasse Alfredson.

Guldbagge Award for Best Director
The Guldbagge for Best Director is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to directors working in the Swedish motion picture industry.
Lecoma, Missouri
Lecoma is an unincorporated community in northwestern Dent County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately twelve miles south of Rolla.

A post office called Lecoma was established in 1883, and remained in operation until 1990. The community's name is an amalgamation of the surnames of local merchants Lenox, Comstock, and Martin.

Rolla, Missouri
Rolla (/ˈrɒlə/) is a city in and the county seat of Phelps County, Missouri, United States.  Its population in the 2020 United States Census was 19,943.  It is approximately midway between St. Louis and Springfield along I-44. Its micropolitan statistical area consists of Phelps County, Missouri. Nearby is an inactive township (Rolla Township).

It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, well known for its many engineering departments and computer science department.

The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is in Rolla. The city is also within the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards first established by Italian immigrants to the area.
Nautical mile
A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters. Historically, it was defined as the meridian arc length corresponding to one minute (⁠1/60⁠ of a degree) of latitude at the equator, so that Earth's polar circumference is very near to 21,600 nautical miles (that is 60 minutes × 360 degrees). Today the international nautical mile is defined as exactly 1,852 metres (about 6,076 ft; 1.151 mi). The derived unit of speed is the knot, one nautical mile per hour.

The nautical mile is not part of the International System of Units (SI), nor is it accepted for use with SI. However, it is still in common use globally in air, marine, and space contexts due to its correspondence with geographic coordinates.

Geographic coordinate system
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest, and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system, geographic coordinate systems are not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface.

A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location.
Renata Engel
Renata S. Engel is an American engineer and academic administrator serving as the vice provost for online education at Penn State World Campus. She was president of the American Society for Engineering Education from 2010 to 2011. In 1990, Engel joined the faculty of Pennsylvania State University. From 2006 to 2014, she was a professor of engineering design and engineering science and mechanics and the associate dean for academic programs at the Penn State College of Engineering. She joined the Penn State World Campus in 2014 as its associate vice provost for online program.

Engel received a B.S. in engineering science from the Pennsylvania State University. She completed a Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from the University of South Florida. Her 1988 dissertation was titled, The Dynamic Stability of an Axially Loaded Beam with Lateral Elastic Support and Damping. Norman C. Small was her doctoral advisor.

Penn State College of Engineering
The Penn State College of Engineering is the engineering school of the Pennsylvania State University, headquartered at the University Park campus in University Park, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1896, under the leadership of George W. Atherton. Today, with 13 academic departments and degree programs, over 11,000 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students (8,166 at the University Park campus, and 3,059 at other campuses), and research expenditures of $124 million for the 2016–2017 academic year, the Penn State College of Engineering is in the top 20 of engineering schools in the United States. It is estimated that at least one out of every fifty engineers in the United States got their bachelor's degree from Penn State. Dr. Justin Schwartz currently holds the position of Harold and Inge Marcus Dean of Engineering.
Tropical Modernism
Tropical Modernism, or Tropical Modern is a style of architecture that merges modernist architecture principles with tropical vernacular traditions, emerging in the mid-20th century. This movement responded to the unique climatic and cultural conditions of tropical regions, primarily in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific Islands. Pioneering architects like Geoffrey Bawa in Sri Lanka, and Charles Correa in India balanced modern architectural techniques with traditional building practices of their respective regions. Tropical Modernism's legacy continues to influence contemporary architectural practices, especially in the quest for sustainable design solutions in tropical climates.

Sustainable design
Environmentally sustainable design (also called environmentally conscious design, eco-design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability and also aimed at improving the health and comfort of occupants in a building.
Sustainable design seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, the health and well-being of building occupants, thereby improving building performance. The basic objectives of sustainability are to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources, minimize waste, and create healthy, productive environments.
Eliya IX
Eliya IX (Syriac: ܐܠܝܐ / Elīyā, died 17 May 1700) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1660 to 1700, with his residence in Rabban Hormizd Monastery, near Alqosh, in modern Iraq. He was a "vigorous defender of the traditional faith", and on several occasions acted against local representatives of the Catholic Church in the region. His correspondence with Rome, in 1668–1669, ended without agreement on the discussed issues.

In older historiography, he was designated as Eliya IX, but later renumbered as Eliya "X" by some authors. After the resolution of several chronological questions, he was designated again as Eliya IX, and that numeration is accepted in recent scholarly works.

Rabban Hormizd Monastery
Rabban Hormizd Monastery (Syriac: ܪܒܢ ܗܘܪܡܝܙܕ ܥܓ̰ܡܝܐ) is an important convent to the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Chaldean Catholic Church, founded about 640 AD by the Church of the East, carved out in the mountains about 2 miles from Alqosh, Iraq, 28 miles north of Mosul. It was the official residence of the patriarchs of the Eliya line of the Assyrian Church of the East from 1551 to the 18th century, and after the union with Rome in the early 19th century, passed to becoming a prominent monastery of the Chaldean Catholic Church.

The convent is named after Rabban Hormizd (rabban is the Syriac for "monk") of the Church of the East,  who founded it in the seventh century.
Giuseppe Lorenzo Maria Casaregi
Giuseppe Lorenzo Maria Casaregi (1670–1737) was an Italian jurist whose research on promissory notes, insurance, endorsement and sea trade law influenced the European evolution of the Law Merchant.

After studies in Pisa, he worked there as advocate and jurisconsult until 1717, when he was called to the Rota of Siena, then to that of Florence. His principal works include the Elucubrationes ac resolutiones (1691), Il Consolato del mare (1719), Il Cambista istruito (1723) and the multi-volume Discursus legales de commercio (1707, 1719, 1729), a collection of leading commercial cases. His complete works were published in 1740.

Promissory note
A promissory note, sometimes referred to as a note payable, is a financial instrument in which one party (the maker or issuer) promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other (the payee), subject to any terms and conditions specified within the document.
Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
The  Coptic Apocalypse of Paul (Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲡⲟⲕⲁⲗⲩⲯⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ), also known as the Revelation of Paul, is a Gnostic apocalyptic text. It was originally written in Koine Greek, but the surviving manuscript is a Coptic language translation. It is the second of five treatises in Codex V of the Nag Hammadi library texts.

The text describes a Gnostic cosmogony and interpretation of Pauline epistles via its portrayal of Paul the Apostle as an apocalyptic hero. The content of the text can be divided into three parts: an epiphany scene, a scene of judgment and punishment, and a heavenly journey in which Paul ultimately ascends to the tenth level of heaven. The author was likely influenced by 2 Corinthians 12, where Paul says he knew of a man who went to the third heaven; the work presumes this man was Paul himself, and expands the journey to all of the layers of heaven. Several scholars have argued that the ideas presented in the text are consistent with Valentinianism.

2 Corinthians 12
2 Corinthians 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It was written by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE. Paul continues "speaking like a fool" in this chapter (cf. 2 Corinthians 11:1, 21).
1992 Eurocard Open – Doubles
Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez were the defending champions, but did not play this year.

Tom Nijssen and Cyril Suk won the title, by defeating John Fitzgerald and Anders Järryd 6–3, 6–7, 6–3 in the final.

Anders Järryd
Anders Per Järryd (pronounced [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈjæ̂rːyːd]; born 13 July 1961) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. During his career he won eight Grand Slam doubles titles (three French Open, two Wimbledon, two US Open, one Australian Open), reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5.

Järryd was born in Lidköping, Västra Götaland. He also played bandy in Lidköpings AIK, while growing up.
Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004
Austria was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Du bist", written by Peter Zimmermann, and performed by the group Tie Break. The Austrian participating broadcaster, Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), organised the national final Song.Null.Vier in order to select its entry for the contest. Ten songs competed in a televised show where a public vote exclusively selected "Du bist" performed by Tie Break as the winner.

As one of ten highest placed finishers in the 2003 contest, Austria directly qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 15 May 2004. Performing in position 2, Austria placed twenty-first out of the 24 participating countries with 9 points.

Merci, Chérie
"Merci, Chérie" (French pronunciation: [mɛʁsi ʃeʁi]; "Thank you, darling") is a song composed and recorded by Austrian singer Udo Jürgens with lyrics by himself and Thomas Hörbiger. It represented Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, held in Luxembourg, resulting in the country's first ever win at the contest.
Jeff Sigafoos
Jeffrey Scott Sigafoos is a New Zealand professor of educational psychology.

After a PhD from the University of Minnesota, Sigafoos has held roles at University of Queensland, University of Sydney, and the University of Texas at Austin. He is currently a professor at Victoria University of Wellington  and an adjunct professor at James Madison University.

Sigafoos has been editor-in-chief of the journals Evidence-based Communication Assessment and Developmental Neurorehabilitation.
In 2015, Sigafoos was implicated in a scandal involving Johnny Matson and another two academic journals, Research in Developmental Disabilities and Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, according to which Matson allegedly accepted papers by a select group of authors including himself and Sigafoos for publication in these journals without first sending them out for peer review.

Adjunct professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
Stemonoporus lancifolius
Stemonoporus lancifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a small tree endemic to southwestern Sri Lanka. It is known from a few hillside and riverbank locations in lowland evergreen rain forest. The species is threatened with habitat loss from deforestation by expanding smallholder farms. The IUCN Red List assesses the species as endangered.

The species was first described as Monoporandra lancifolia by George Henry Kendrick Thwaites in 1858. In 1973 Peter Shaw Ashton placed the species in genus Stemonoporus as S. lancifolius.

Peter Shaw Ashton
Peter Shaw Ashton (born 27 June 1934) is a British botanist and forest ecologist. He worked as the Charles Bullard Professor of Forestry at Harvard University from 1991 to 2005 and served as director of the Arnold Arboretum from 1978 to 1987.
Elmārs Rubīns
Elmārs Rubīns (12 December 1944 – 10 September 2007) was a Soviet rower from Latvia. Rubīns was born in Daugavpils, Latvia. At the 1965 European Rowing Championships in Duisburg, he won silver with the men's eight. At the 1966 World Rowing Championships in Bled, he won silver with the men's eight. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City with the men's coxless four where they came eleventh.

Bled
Bled (pronounced [ˈbléːt] ⓘ; German: Veldes, in older sources also Feldes) is a town on Lake Bled in the Upper Carniolan region of northwestern Slovenia. It is one of Slovenia's most visited tourist destinations. The town is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Bled.
Rural Municipality of Lakeshore
The Rural Municipality of Lakeshore is a rural municipality (RM) in the Parkland Region of Manitoba, Canada.

Lakeshore is named for the proximity of the shoreline of Dauphin Lake, which splits the municipality into north and south. The RM is anchored on its south end by the Rainbow Beach Provincial Park on Dauphin Lake, and on its north end by Manipogo Provincial Park on Lake Manitoba.

Lake Manitoba
Lake Manitoba (French: Lac Manitoba) is the 14th largest lake in Canada and the 31st largest lake in the world with a total area of 4,624 square kilometres (1,785 sq mi). It is located within the Canadian province of Manitoba about 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of the province's capital, Winnipeg, at 50°59′N 98°48′W﻿ / ﻿50.983°N 98.800°W﻿ / 50.983; -98.800.
Kazuo Noda
Kazuo Noda (野田 一雄, Noda Kazuo; 30 June 1908 – date of death unknown) was a Japanese freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in Shizuoka.

In 1924 he was eliminated in the first round of the 400 metre freestyle event as well as of the 1500 metre freestyle competition. He was also a member of the Japanese relay team which finished fourth in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event. Four years later he helped the Japanese relay team to qualify for the final of the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition when he swam in the semi-final. His compatriots won the silver medal, but Noda did not swim in the final and was not awarded with a medal.

Swimming at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1924 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held on Sunday July 13, 1924, on Monday July 14, 1924, and on Tuesday July 15, 1924.
WRMA
WRMA (95.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Cubatón format. Licensed to North Miami Beach, Florida, United States, the station serves the Miami metropolitan area. The station is owned by Spanish Broadcasting System subsidiary WXDJ Licensing, Inc.

North Miami Beach, Florida
North Miami Beach (commonly referred to as NMB) is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The City of North Miami Beach is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. Originally named "Fulford-by-the-Sea" in 1926, after Captain William H. Fulford of the U.S. Coast Guard, the city was renamed "North Miami Beach" in 1931. The population was 43,676 at the 2020 US census.