hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tourism in India by state
Tourism plays a significant role in the Indian economy. According to the Ministry of Tourism, the sector contributed to 5.22% of India's GDP in 2023-24 (provisional estimates), recovering from pandemic lows of 1.50% in 2020-21 to pre-pandemic levels of around 5%. The World Travel and Tourism Council reported that India's travel and tourism sector contributed nearly Rs 21 trillion to the economy in 2024, supporting approximately 46.5 million jobs (9.1% of total employment).

States and Union territories of India with their names.

Ministry of Tourism (India)
The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in India. It facilitates the Indian department of tourism. The head of the ministry is the Minister of Tourism, held by Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.
Kazakhstan at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics
Kazakhstan competed at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics which was held in Valtellina and Valchiavenna, Italy, from December 12 to 21, 2019. Kazakhstan was one of the 34 nations to compete at the multi-sport event. This was the nation's second appearance at the Winter Deaflympics, after making its debut in 2015. It sent a delegation consisting of 40 athletes for the event.

Valtellina
Valtellina or the Valtelline (occasionally spelled as two words in English: Val Telline; Romansh: Vuclina ⓘ; Lombard: Valtelina or Valtulina; German: Veltlin; Italian: Valtellina) is a valley in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland. Today it is known for its ski centre, hot spring spas, bresaola, cheeses (in particular Bitto, named after the river Bitto) and wines.  It was a key Alpine pass between northern Italy and Germany. The control of the Valtellina was much sought after, particularly during the Thirty Years' War as it was an important part of the Spanish Road.
11th Congress of the Philippines
The 11th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabing-isang Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1998, until June 8, 2001, during the 31-month presidency of Joseph Estrada and the first four months of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 11th Congress followed the 1998 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives. The Estrada impeachment was the highlight of the 11th Congress.

Cebu's 1st congressional district
Cebu's 1st congressional district is one of the seven congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Cebu. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district consists of the cities of Carcar, Naga and Talisay and the municipalities of Minglanilla, San Fernando and Sibonga. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Rhea Gullas of the Lakas–CMD and One Cebu.

Prior to its second dissolution in 1972, the district encompassed the northeastern municipalities of Bogo, Borbon, Carmen, Catmon,  Pilar, Poro, San Francisco, Sogod, Tabogon, and Tudela, and the city of Danao.
Jesús Rodríguez (freestyle wrestler)
Jesús Eugenio Rodríguez Garzon (born June 30, 1967) is a retired male wrestler from Cuba, who competed in the freestyle competition during his career. He won a bronze medal at the 1995 Pan American Games for his native country, and competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There he was eliminated in the first round after losses to Israel's Max Geller and Japan's eventual bronze medalist Kosei Akaishi.

1995 Pan American Games
The 1995 Pan American Games, officially known as the XII Pan American Games (Spanish: XII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mar del Plata 1995, were held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, from 12 to 26 March 1995. After 44 years, this was the Pan American Games' first return to the country that hosted the first Games, in 1951.
Steven's goby
Gobius gasteveni, Steven's goby, is a species of goby native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean where it is known to occur in the Irish Sea as far north as the Isle of Man, the western part of the English Channel south as far as Madeira and the Canary Islands.  It can be found in areas with substrates of muddy sand with coarser deposits at depths of from 35 to 270 metres (115 to 886 ft).  This species can reach a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL. The common name and the specific name both honour the British ichthyologist G. A. Steven BSc FRSE (1901–1958), of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, who worked extensively on the fish fauna of the English Channel and who identified this species as being new to that area.

Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Plymouth Marine Laboratory (abbreviated as PML) is a marine research organization and registered charity based in the city of Plymouth, England. It is a partner of the UK Research & Innovation's Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). PML's chair is Janice Timberlake, its chief executive is Prof. Icarus Allen and its patron is the film-maker James Cameron.
Góis
Góis (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɔjʃ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Góis (Portuguese: Vila de Góis), is a municipality of the district of Coimbra, in the central part of continental Portugal. The population in 2011 was 4,260, in an area of 263.30 km².

Central Region, Portugal
The Central Region (Portuguese: Região do Centro, IPA: [ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w du ˈsẽtɾu]), also known as Central Portugal (Portugal Central), is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Leiria, Castelo Branco and Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and geographical purposes. Its area totals 28,462 km2 (10,989 sq mi). As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre.
Right of reply
The right of reply or right of correction generally means the right to defend oneself against public criticism in the same venue where it was published. In some countries, such as Brazil, it is a legal right. In other countries, it is not a legal right as such, but a right which certain media outlets and publications choose to grant to people who have been severely criticised by them, as a matter of editorial policy.

Personal attack rule
The personal attack rule was a corollary to the Federal Communications Commission's fairness doctrine that mandated response time for an individual or group attacked during "origination cablecasting" that focused on a controversial issue of public importance. After the fairness doctrine was repealed in 1987, the personal attack rule persisted until 2000, when it was first suspended and then abolished after an FCC comment period.
Stipe Petrina
Stipe Petrina (born 5 October 1954) is a Croatian politician serving his sixth term as Mayor of Primošten. He is known for his controversial public appearances and statements, and has been described as enfant terrible of Croatian politics.

Šibenik-Knin County
Šibenik-Knin County (pronounced [ʃîbeniːk-knîːn]; Croatian: Šibensko-kninska županija [ʃîbensko-knîːnskaː ʒupǎnija]) is a county in southern Croatia, located in the north-central part of Dalmatia. The biggest city in the county is Šibenik, which also serves as county seat. Other notable towns in the county are Knin, Vodice, Drniš and Skradin.

The county covers 2984 km2. It includes 242 islands and national parks, Krka and Kornati.
Cicletanine
Cicletanine is a furopyridine compound (i.e., has a pyridine ring fused to a furan ring) that is approved in France for the treatment of hypertension. The drug is most commonly known as a diuretic drug, but has a broader range of cardiovascular and metabolic activity characterized extensively in the literature (see "Mechanism" below).

Cicletanine was originated and in 1986 launched in France by Paris-based Ipsen, who in 2005 licensed marketing rights in France to Milan-based Recordati for several years (at least until 2010). Ipsen and Recordati both marketed cicletanine under the trade name Tenstaten. The drug is no longer manufactured nor sold by IPSEN; it is currently marketed in France by three generics manufacturers: Viatris, Biogaran, and Teva Pharmaceuticals.

Cicletanine has been shown to be differentially effective in salt-sensitive hypertension.

Ipsen
Ipsen is a French biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Paris, France, with a focus on drug development and commercialization in three therapeutic areas: oncology, rare diseases and neuroscience. Ipsen is one of the world's top 15 biopharmaceutical companies in terms of oncology sales.

Ipsen, founded by Henri Beaufour in 1929, has approximately 5000 employees worldwide. Ipsen's medicines are registered in 88 countries with direct commercial presence in over 30 countries. Ipsen has 4 global R&D hubs and 3 pharmaceutical development centers around the world. Ipsen has been a family-owned business for the past 90 years and is publicly traded on the Euronext Paris as part of the SBF 120 index (2005). The Beaufour family owns 57% of its shares and 73% of its voting rights, and two of its members, Anne Beaufour and Henri Beaufour, sit on its board of directors.
John Carl Pendray
John Carl Pendray (born Victoria, British Columbia November 17, 1879 – 1961) was an industrialist and politician in British Columbia, Canada. He served as mayor of Victoria from 1924 to 1928.

The son of local businessman William Joseph Pendray (owner of British America Soap Company) and Amelia Jane Carthew, Pendray served as managing director of the family firm, the British America Paint Company, from 1908 to 1938. Pendray founded the Victoria & Island Publicity Bureau. He was a partner in the first car ferry operation providing service to Victoria, which was established in 1922. Pendray was also a director of the Canadian Highway Association, and served as vice-president of the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association of North America.

Family business
Family business is a type of commercial organization in which management decisions are made or influenced by multiple generations of a family, related by blood, marriage or adoption, who have both the ability to influence the vision of the business and the willingness to use this ability to pursue distinctive goals. They are closely identified with the firm through leadership or ownership. Owner-manager entrepreneurial firms are not considered to be family businesses because they lack the multi-generational dimension and family influence that create the unique dynamics and relationships of family businesses.
Alexandre Kirillov
Alexandre Aleksandrovich Kirilloff (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Кири́ллов, born 1936) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, known for his works in the fields of representation theory, topological groups and Lie groups. In particular he introduced the orbit method into representation theory. He is an emeritus professor at the University of Pennsylvania.

Topological group
In mathematics, topological groups are the combination of groups and topological spaces, i.e. they are groups and topological spaces at the same time, such that the continuity condition for the group operations connects these two structures together and consequently they are not independent from each other.

Topological groups were studied extensively in the period of 1925 to 1940. Haar and Weil (respectively in 1933 and 1940) showed that the integrals and Fourier series are special cases of a construct that can be defined on a very wide class of topological groups.

Topological groups, along with continuous group actions, are used to study continuous symmetries, which have many applications, for example, in physics. In functional analysis, every topological vector space is an additive topological group with the additional property that scalar multiplication is continuous; consequently, many results from the theory of topological groups can be applied to functional analysis.
Almas Gemelas
Almas Gemelas (transl. Soulmates) is a studio album by Mexican duranguense band El Trono de México. It was released on 8 November 2008, through Fonovisa Records. It peaked atop the US Regional Mexican Albums chart, and was the chart's best-selling album of 2009.

Fonovisa Records
Fonovisa Records is an American Spanish language record label founded in 1984 by Guillermo Santiso as a subsidiary of Televisa. Its former name before being acquired by Televisa in 1984 was Profono Internacional, which was founded in 1978. Fonovisa mainly produces Mexican style music. It is well known for its signing with artists such as Los Tigres Del Norte, Los Bukis,  Los Temerarios, Enrique Iglesias, Lucero and Thalía.

In late 2002, Fonovisa was acquired from Televisa by the Univision Music Group. Fonovisa was owned by the Univision Music Group until May 2008 when it was bought by Universal Music Group. It is now part of Universal Music Latin Entertainment. Fonovisa headquarters are now in the Capitol Records Building, in Hollywood, California.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology is an open access medical journal established in 2008. It covers all aspects of experimental and clinical pathology and publishes review articles, original research articles, case reports, and editorials. It is published by e-Century Publishing Corporation. The co-editors-in-chief are Dennis W. Dickson, Mayo Clinic in Florida and Xiuwu Bian, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. The journal is  abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts, Scopus, BIOSIS Previews, PubMed and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.706.

Experimental pathology
Experimental pathology, also known as investigative pathology, is the scientific study of disease processes through the microscopic or molecular examination of organs, tissues, cells, or body fluids from diseased organisms. It is closely related, both historically and in modern academic settings, to the medical field of pathology.
J&K Bank Football Club
Jammu & Kashmir Bank Football Club (simply known as J&K Bank FC or J&K Bank XI) is an Indian professional football club based in Jammu and Kashmir, that competes in the JKFA Professional League. It is an institutional club as they are owned by Jammu & Kashmir Bank and was founded in 1984. The U-18 team played in Elite League. The senior team also participated in the first edition of Real Kashmir Cup.

Youth League (India)
The Youth League is a system of youth football leagues that are managed, organised and controlled by the All India Football Federation. It consists of 3 age groups competitions: U17 (AIFF Youth League), U15 (Junior League) and U13 (Sub-Junior League).
Troed-yr-hen-riw
Troed-yr-hen-riw is a hamlet in the community of Blaenrheidol, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 70 miles (112.6 km) from Cardiff and 170.2 miles (273.8 km) from London. Troed-yr-Henriw is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Blaenrheidol
Blaenrheidol is a community in the county of Ceredigion, North Wales. It lies in the Cambrian Mountains of Mid Wales, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Aberystwyth on the A44 road, and includes Pumlumon.

It includes the settlements of Ponterwyd, Ystumtuen and Llywernog. As the name suggests, a large section of the Afon Rheidol is in the community as well as the large man-made reservoir of Nant-y-moch.
Eric Barber (English footballer)
Eric Barber (25 March 1926 – 25 April 2015) was an English footballer who played as a forward or winger in the Football League for Rochdale. He was on the books of Stockport County, Sheffield United and Bolton Wanderers without playing league football for any of them, and also played non-league football for Macclesfield Town (two spells), Witton Albion and Stalybridge Celtic.

Stalybridge Celtic F.C.
Stalybridge Celtic Football Club is an English football club based in Stalybridge, Greater Manchester. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at Bower Fold. The team traditionally plays in a blue and white strip.

In 1921, Stalybridge Celtic became a founder member of the Football League's Third Division North. After only two seasons in the new league, they became the first club to leave the new division.
Murray Murphey
Murray Griffin Murphey (February 22, 1928 – December 6, 2018) was an American historian and philosopher.

A native of Colorado Springs, Colorado born to Bradford and Margaret Murphey on February 22, 1928, Murray Murphey graduated from Harvard University and earned a doctorate from Yale University. He began teaching at the University of Pennsylvania as a Rockefeller Fellow shortly after completing his studies in 1954. Murphey joined the faculty as an assistant professor in 1956, and became a full professor in 1966. He retired in 2000. Over the course of his career, Murphy earned awards from the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy and the American Studies Association. He also edited the journal American Quarterly. Murphey died at the age of 90 on December 6, 2018.

American Quarterly
American Quarterly is an academic journal and the official publication of the American Studies Association. The journal covers topics of both domestic and international concern in the United States and is considered a leading resource in the field of American studies. The current editor-in-chief is Mari Yoshihara (University of Hawaiʻi). The journal is published quarterly by the Johns Hopkins University Press. It has been promoting digital research and teaching.
Southwark St Olave
Southwark St Olave was an ancient civil and ecclesiastical parish on the south bank of the River Thames, covering the area around where Shard London Bridge now stands in the modern London Borough of Southwark, ultimately named after St. King Olaf II of Norway. The boundaries varied over time, but in general the parish stretched east from London Bridge past Tower Bridge to St Saviour's Dock. Southwark St Olave and St Thomas replaced the civil parish in 1896. It was abolished in 1904 and absorbed by Bermondsey parish.

St Saviour's Dock
St Saviour's Dock is an inlet-style dock in London, England, on the south bank of the River Thames, 420 metres east of Tower Bridge. It forms the eastern end of the Shad Thames embankment that starts at Tower Bridge. The east side of the Dock is Jacob's Island.
Natalie Abrahami
Natalie Abrahami is a British theatre, film and opera director.

From 2007–12 she was joint Artistic Director of the Gate Theatre with Carrie Cracknell.Natalie was Associate Director and Genesis Fellow  at the Young Vic in London 2013-16 and Associate Artist at Hull Truck Theatre and the Nuffield Theatre, Southampton.

Not I
Not I is a short dramatic monologue written in 1972 (20 March to 1 April) by Samuel Beckett which was premiered at the "Samuel Beckett Festival" by the Repertory Theater of Lincoln Center, New York (22 November 1972).
2017 European Throwing Cup
The 2017 European Throwing Cup was held on 11 and 13 March at the Gran Canaria Sport Complex "Martín Freire" in Las Palmas, Spain. It was the seventeenth edition of the athletics competition for throwing events and was jointly organised by the European Athletic Association. The competition featured men's and women's contests in shot put, discus throw, javelin throw and hammer throw. In addition to the senior competitions, there were also under-23 events for younger athletes.

European Athletic Association
The European Athletic Association (EAA, more commonly known as European Athletics) is the governing body for athletics in Europe. It is one of the six Area Associations of the world's athletics governing body World Athletics. European Athletics has 51 members and is headquartered in Lausanne.

Originally created in 1932 as a European Committee, it was made into an independent body during the Bucharest conference of 1969. The first European Athletics congress took place in Paris on 6–8 October 1970, with Dutchman Adriaan Paulen elected as its first president. From a volunteer-led organization based in the acting Secretary's home country, European Athletics has developed into a professional organization with a permanent base in Switzerland.

European Athletics runs and regulates several championships and meetings across Europe – both indoor and outdoor.
Coccinella fulgida
Coccinella fulgida is a species of beetle of the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Quebec and Alaska.

Adults reach a length of about 4.50–5.60 mm. Adults have a black head with two pale spots. The anterior margin of the pronotum is black and there is a small pale ventral spot, as well as a dorsal spot. The elytron has a small subbasal spot and a median spot.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.
Forvie
Forvie was a village in what is now the Forvie National Nature Reserve, about fourteen miles north of Aberdeen, near the modern location of Rockend. It was one of several settlements in north-east Scotland that were abandoned after being overwhelmed by shifting sand dunes.

There are visible remains of the 12th-century church of St Adamnan, and other remains were found by a survey in the 1950s. Little is known of the village, which is believed to have been abandoned during the 15th century. Interpretive material at the site suggests that oats provided good harvests.

Adomnán
Adomnán or Adamnán of Iona (Old Irish: [ˈaðəβ̃ˌnaːn]; Latin: Adamnanus, Adomnanus; c. 624 – 704), also known as Eunan (/ˈjuːnən/ YOO-nən; from Naomh Adhamhnán), was an abbot of Iona Abbey (r. 679–704), hagiographer, statesman, canon jurist, and saint. He was the author of the Life of Columba (Latin: Vita Columbae), probably written between 697 and 700. This biography is by far the most important surviving work written in early-medieval Scotland, and is a vital source for our knowledge of the Picts, and an insight into the life of Iona and the early-medieval Gaelic monk.

Adomnán promulgated the Law of Adomnán or "Law of Innocents" (Latin: Lex Innocentium). He also wrote the treatise De Locis Sanctis ('On Holy Places'), an account of the great Christian holy places and centres of pilgrimage. Adomnán got much of his information from a Frankish bishop called Arculf, who had personally visited Egypt, Rome, Constantinople and the Holy Land, and visited Iona afterwards.