hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Thunder (1803)
HMS Thunder was an 8-gun bomb vessel of the Royal Navy, previously the mercantile Dasher. Dasher, launched at Bideford in 1800, had made two voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people before the Royal Navy purchased her in 1803 and renamed her HMS Thunder. Thunder served in the Mediterranean and the Baltic; among other actions, she participated in a battle and one single-ship action, each of which resulted in her crew later qualifying for clasps to the Naval General Service Medal (1847). The Navy sold her in 1814.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Authenticator
An authenticator is a means used to confirm a user's identity, that is, to perform digital authentication. A person authenticates to a computer system or application by demonstrating that he or she has possession and control of an authenticator. In the simplest case, the authenticator is a common password.

Using the terminology of the NIST Digital Identity Guidelines, the party to be authenticated is called the claimant while the party verifying the identity of the claimant is called the verifier. When the claimant successfully demonstrates possession and control of one or more authenticators to the verifier through an established authentication protocol, the verifier is able to infer the claimant's identity.

User agent
On the Web, a user agent is a software agent responsible for retrieving and facilitating end-user interaction with Web content. This includes all web browsers, such as Google Chrome and Safari, some email clients, standalone download managers like youtube-dl, and other command-line utilities like cURL.

The user agent is the client in a client–server system. The HTTP User-Agent header is intended to clearly identify the agent to the server. However, this header can be omitted or spoofed, so some websites use other detection methods.
Lactifluus rupestris
Lactifluus rupestris is a species of mushroom in the family Russulaceae. Described as a new species in 2010, it is known only from the semi-arid region in the National Park of Catimbau of Brazil. The mushroom is characterized by a stout fruit body with a smooth and sticky orange cap up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter. The gills on the underside of the cap are closely spaced and frequently anastomosed. The stem is 35–45 mm (1.4–1.8 in) long by 18–21 mm (0.71–0.83 in) thick. The mushrooms exude a sparse cream-colored latex when cut or injured.

Campos rupestres
The campo rupestre ("rupestrian grassland") is a discontinuous montane subtropical ecoregion occurring across three different biomes in Brazil: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. Originally, campo rupestre was used to characterize the montane vegetation of the Espinhaço Range, but recently this term has been broadly applied by the scientific community to define high altitudinal fire-prone areas dominated by grasslands and rocky outcrops.
Flavio Pace
Flavio Pace (born 29 July 1977) is an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who has served as Secretary of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity of the Roman Curia since February 2024. He previously served as Under-Secretary of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches from 2020 to 2024. He holds the personal title of titular archbishop of Dolia.

Archdiocese of Milan
The Archdiocese of Milan (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Milano; Latin: Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese. It has long maintained its own Latin liturgical rite usage, the Ambrosian rite, which is still used in the greater part of the diocesan territory. Among its past archbishops, the better known are Ambrose, Charles Borromeo, Pope Pius XI and Pope Paul VI.

The Archdiocese of Milan is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milan, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia, and Vigevano.

Milan's archdiocese is the largest in Europe, and the one having the most priests in the world, with, as of 2021, 2,450 priests living in the diocese, among whom 1,712 are secular priests.
$20
There are many $20 banknotes, bills or coins, including:

Australian twenty-dollar note

Canadian twenty-dollar bill

New Zealand twenty-dollar note

United States twenty-dollar bill

Nicaraguan twenty-cordoba note

One of the banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar

One of the banknotes of Zimbabwe

Other currencies that issue $20 banknotes, bills or coins are:

New Zealand twenty-dollar note
The New Zealand twenty-dollar note is a New Zealand banknote. It is issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and since 1999 has been a polymer banknote. It was first issued on 10 July 1967 when New Zealand decimalised its currency, changing from the New Zealand pound to the New Zealand dollar. It has an image of Queen Elizabeth II on the front.
George Roll
George Roll (born October 9, 1962) is an American ice hockey coach. He was the head coach of the Clarkson Golden Knights from 2003 through the end of the 2010-2011 season, leading them to their most recent conference championship and NCAA tournament appearance.

NCAA men's ice hockey championship
NCAA men's ice hockey championship refers to either of the two tournaments in men's ice hockey – one in  Division I and one in Division III – contested by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) since 1971.  The NCAA Division II Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, contested from 1978 to 1984 and from 1993 to 1999, was discontinued due to a lack of Division II conferences sponsoring ice hockey.

NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament

NCAA Division III men's ice hockey tournament

Since 1999, the semifinals and finals for the Division I championship have been branded as the "Frozen Four", echoing the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament's "Final Four".

The NCAA started a Women's Frozen Four beginning with the 2000–01 season.

The Hobey Baker Award ceremony, Hockey Humanitarian Award ceremony, and USCHO.com Town Hall Meeting take place annually during Frozen Four weekend.

The 2020 Championships were cancelled due to ongoing concerns over the coronavirus.
2005–06 UCI America Tour
The 2005–06 UCI America Tour was the second season for the UCI America Tour. The season began on 2 October 2005 with the Clásico Ciclístico Banfoandes and ended on 9 September 2006 with the Univest Grand Prix.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI America Tour cycling jersey. Edgardo Simón of Argentina was the defending champion of the 2005 UCI America Tour. José Serpa of Colombia was crowned as the 2005–06 UCI America Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

Edgardo Simón
Edgardo Simón (born December 16, 1974) is an Argentine professional track and road bicycle racer. He rides for the Ironage-Colner squad, having previously competed for the Real Cycling Team on the UCI America Tour.  In 2005, Simon won the UCI America Tour. In 2010 he was granted the Konex Award Merit Diploma as one of the five best cyclist of the last decade in Argentina.

Simon competed for Argentina at the 2000 Summer Olympics in track cycling in the Men's Team Pursuit event.
2013 Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives election
The 2013 election of the Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives occurred on 31 January 2013, following the retirement of the previous Speaker Lockwood Smith. The election resulted in the election of National Party MP David Carter.

Lockwood Smith
Sir Alexander Lockwood Smith KNZM (born 13 November 1948) is a New Zealand politician and diplomat who was High Commissioner of New Zealand to the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2017 and Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2008 to 2013.

Smith is a member of the New Zealand National Party and served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1984 until his retirement to pursue diplomatic roles in 2013. He represented the Kaipara and Rodney electorates and was briefly a list MP. In the Fourth National Government, he served as Minister of Education from 1990 to 1996 and later as Minister of Agriculture, Minister for International Trade, and Associate Minister of Finance.
Placidochromis longimanus
Placidochromis longimanus is a species of cichlid native to the southern portion of Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe and the Shire River.  It is believed to only be found in areas vegetated with Ceratophyllum and Najas at approximately 10 metres (33 ft) in depth.  This species can reach a length of 14.5 centimetres (5.7 in) TL.  It is also important to local commercial fisheries as well as being found in the aquarium trade. It is the type species of the genus Placidochromis.

Ceratophyllum
Ceratophyllum is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant genus in the family Ceratophyllaceae, itself the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. They are usually called coontails or hornworts, although hornwort is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta.
Bockets
Bockets (from Irish Buacaide, meaning 'a round hill') is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Dungannon Lower and the civil parish of Killeeshil and covers an area of 667 acres (270 ha).

Dungannon Lower
Dungannon Lower (named after Dungannon town) is a historic barony in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was created in 1851 with the splitting of the barony of Dungannon. It is bordered by four other baronies in Northern Ireland: Dungannon Middle to the north; Tiranny to the south-east; Clogher to the west; and Omagh East to the north-west. It is also bordered in the south-west by the barony of Trough in the Republic of Ireland.
Umut (film)
Umut is a 1970 Turkish drama film, written and directed by Yılmaz Güney, featuring Güney as an illiterate horse-cab driver, who, after losing one of his horses in an accident, sets out into the desert on a quest for a mythical lost treasure. The film, which wasn't released at the time because of a ban by the Film Control Commission in Turkey, won awards at the 2nd Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, the 7th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival and was screened at the 23rd Cannes Film Festival.

Adana Golden Boll Film Festival
Adana Golden Boll Film Festival (Turkish: Adana Altın Koza Film Festivali), known between 2016 and 2018 as International Adana Film Festival (Uluslararası Adana Film Festivali), is a film festival in Adana, Turkey, that was held five times between 1969 and 1974 and every year since 2005. The event is organized by the Adana Metropolitan Municipality and takes place in June. Beginning from 2006, the scope of the festival is broadened to an international dimension within the framework of the cinema in Mediterranean basin countries.

The festival, taking its name from cotton boll, the traditional crop grown in the region, includes national feature films along with international short subjects (since 2006) and student films of young Mediterranean filmmakers (from 2008 on). The 15th edition of the festival was held between June 2–8, 2008.
Yvon Barrette
Yvon Barrette (born September 16, 1946) is a Canadian actor from Alma, Quebec. He is best known for his portrayal of goaltender Denis Lemieux in 1977's Slap Shot.

Barrette trained at the National Theatre School of Canada but left in 1969 before graduation due to disagreement over the notion of creation the School had toward Quebec theatre, along with classmates Pierre Curzi, Paule Baillargeon and Gilbert Sicotte.

Slap Shot
Slap Shot is a 1977 American sports comedy film directed by George Roy Hill, written by Nancy Dowd, and starring Paul Newman and Michael Ontkean. It depicts a minor league ice hockey team that resorts to violent play to gain popularity in a factory town in decline.

Dowd based much of her script, as well as several of the characters, on experiences of her brother Ned Dowd who played minor league hockey in the 1970s.

While Slap Shot received mixed reviews upon release and was only a moderate box-office success, it has since become widely regarded as a cult film.
Michael Hobert
Michael Hobert is an American actor, writer, and producer. He had a recurring role on the TV show Scrubs as Lonnie. His brother, Tim Hobert, was one of the show's producers. Hobert has also appeared in Spin City and Gilmore Girls. He wrote a movie with Sam Jaeger called Advantage Hart. Hobert was originally in the first episode of Scrubs, "My First Day", as "Pizza Delivery Guy", who was the guy in the MRI machine.

Spin City
Spin City is an American sitcom television series that aired from September 17, 1996, to April 30, 2002, on ABC. Created by Gary David Goldberg and Bill Lawrence and produced by Ubu Productions, Lottery Hill Entertainment and DreamWorks Television, the show is set in a fictionalized version of the New York City mayor's office, and originally starred Michael J. Fox as Mike Flaherty, the Deputy Mayor of New York. Fox departed in 2000 at the conclusion of the fourth season due to symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and Charlie Sheen became the new lead as Charlie Crawford for the final two seasons.
Leptothorax acervorum
Leptothorax acervorum is a small brown to yellow ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793. L. acervorum is vastly distributed across the globe, most commonly found in the coniferous forests of Central, Western and Northern Europe. The morphology of L. acervorum is extremely similar to that of other Leptothorax ants. The difference arises in the two-toned appearance of L. acervorum, with the head and metasoma being darker than the mesosoma segment of the body, and hair across its body. Following Bergmann's rule—unusually, for ectothermic animals—body size increases with latitude.

Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees. All species of Cephalotes (within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants.
Two Kinds of Women (1922 film)
Two Kinds of Women is a lost 1922 American silent Western film directed by Colin Campbell and starring Pauline Frederick. It is based on the novel Judith of Blue Lake Ranch by Jackson Gregory. Robertson-Cole produced the film and distribution was through Film Booking Offices of America.

Colin Campbell (director)
James Colin Campbell (11 October 1859 – 26 August 1928) was a film director, actor and screenwriter. He directed more than 170 American films between 1911 and 1924; and wrote scripts for 60 films between 1911 and 1922. He was born in Scotland, and died in Hollywood, California.

Campbell married actress Blanche Crozier on March 2, 1912.
Sedentary lifestyle
Sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle type, in which one is physically inactive and does little or no physical movement and/or exercise. A person living a sedentary lifestyle is often sitting or lying down while engaged in an activity like socializing, watching TV, playing video games, reading or using a mobile phone or computer for much of the day. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to poor health quality, diseases as well as many preventable causes of death.

Sitting time is a common measure of a sedentary lifestyle. A global review representing 47% of the global adult population found that the average person sits down for 4.7 to 6.5 hours a day with the average going up every year.

Screen time is a term for the amount of time a person spends looking at a screen such as a television, computer monitor, or mobile device. Excessive screen time is linked to negative health consequences.

Problematic smartphone use
Problematic smartphone use is psychological or behavioral dependence on cell phones. It is closely related to other forms of digital media overuse such as social media addiction or internet addiction disorder.

Commonly known as "smartphone addiction", the term "problematic smartphone use" was proposed by researchers to describe similar behaviors presenting without evidence of addiction.

Problematic use can include preoccupation with mobile communication, excessive money or time spent on mobile phones, and use of mobile phones in socially or physically inappropriate situations, such as driving an automobile. Increased use can also lead to adverse effects on relationships, degraded mental or physical health, and increased anxiety when separated from a mobile phone or sufficient signal. At the same time, smartphones also play a positive role in modern life by enhancing communication, supporting task management, and providing tools such as portable navigation systems.
Mansour Amirasefi
Mansour Amirasefi (Persian: منصور امیرآصفی, July 7, 1933 – March 6, 2010) was an Iranian football player and manager. He played for Kian F.C. and also captained Team Melli. He became manager of Persepolis F.C. in 1977. In a match, he didn't put Ali Parvin in the line-up, Parvin protested and then Amirasefi resigned from the club. He was also manager of F.C. Ararat Tehran. He was born in Tehran, Iran.

F.C. Ararat Tehran
FC Ararat (Persian: آرارات تهران, Ârarat Tehran) is an Armenian diaspora football team based in Tehran, Iran who play in the Tehran Province League. Ararat football club is the football club of the multisport Ararat Club in Iran.

Ararat has a policy of signing only players who have an Armenian heritage.
Udvada
Udvada is a town situated in Pardi taluka in the Valsad district in the state of Gujarat, India. Udvada is a coastal town located around 24 km from the Valsad city. The Zoroastrian temple, Udvada Atash Behram is situated here.

Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
Charles-François Fournier
Charles-François Fournier (May 15, 1805 – in or after 1863) was a land surveyor and political figure in Canada East. He represented L'Islet in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1847 to 1863.

He was born in Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, the son of François Fournier and Catherine Miville-Deschênes. Fournier received his commission as a land surveyor in 1826. He was also a lieutenant colonel in the local militia and a justice of the peace. He was married to Mary Jane Brotherton. Fournier was first elected to the assembly in a by-election held in May 1847. He was defeated by Louis-Bonaventure Caron when he ran for reelection in 1858 but was declared elected later that same year. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1863.

L'Islet (federal electoral district)
L'Islet (French pronunciation: [lilɛ]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935.

It was created by the British North America Act, 1867 and consisted of the County of L'Islet. It was amalgamated into the Kamouraska and Montmagny—L'Islet electoral districts in 1933.
Gregory John Hartmayer
Gregory John Hartmayer, O.F.M. Conv. (born November 21, 1951) is an American Catholic prelate who has served as Archbishop of Atlanta since 2020. From 2011 to 2020, Hartmayer served as Bishop of Savannah. He is a member of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual.

Solemn vow
A solemn vow is a certain vow ("a deliberate and free promise made to God about a possible and better good") taken by an individual after completion of the novitiate in a religious order. It is solemn insofar as the Church recognizes it as such, and is unique in that no human authority within the church can relieve a person from it.
Aronen
Aronen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eeva-Kaarina Aronen (1948–2015), Finnish author and journalist

Nestori Aronen (1876–1954), Finnish politician

Toivo Aronen (1886–1973), Finnish politician

Nestori Aronen
Johan Nestor (Nestori) Aronen (27 December 1876 – 7 October 1954) was a Finnish sawmill worker, trade union functionary and politician, born in Pori. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1909 to 1918, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He was imprisoned in 1918 for having sided with the Reds during the Finnish Civil War.
Judy Rogers
Judy Rogers was the city manager for the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from 1999–2008 and served as a member of the board of directors of the Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.  She was the first female city manager of Vancouver. She was appointed the 20th Chancellor of the University of British Columbia in July 2024.

City manager
A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council–manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer (CAO) in some municipalities.
Walter Kraemer
Walter Kraemer (Krämer) (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltɐ ˈkʁɛːmɐ] ⓘ; 21 June 1892 – 6 November 1941) was a German politician of the German Communist Party (KPD) and member of the resistance against Nazism. From 1932/33, he was a deputy of the Prussian Landtag, was arrested in 1933 and murdered in 1941 in a sub-camp of the concentration camp Buchenwald in Goslar. He assisted prisoners with getting medical help, becoming known as the "Doctor of Buchenwald", for which he received from the State of Israel the posthumous title "Righteous among the Nations" in 2000.

Siegen
Siegen (German pronunciation: [ˈziːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

It is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg region. The university town (nearly 20,000 students in the 2018–2019 winter semester) is the district seat, and is ranked as a "higher centre" in the South Westphalian urban agglomeration.

In 1975, municipal reforms and amalgamations lifted Siegen's population above the 100,000 mark.