hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Resistance in partitioned Poland (1795–1918)
There were many resistance movements in partitioned Poland between 1795 and 1918. Although some of the szlachta were reconciled to the end of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, the possibility of Polish independence was kept alive by events within and without Poland throughout the 19th century. Poland's location on the North European Plain became especially significant in a period when its neighbours, the Kingdom of Prussia and Russia were intensely involved in European rivalries and alliances and modern nation states took form over the entire continent.

History of Russia (1721–1796)
The history of Russia from 1721 to 1796 belongs to the Era of Russian palace revolutions and the Age of Catherine the Great. It began with creation of Russian Empire in 1721, the rule of Catherine I in 1725, and ended with the short rule of Peter III of Russia.
Hadronyche levittgreggae
Hadronyche levittgreggae is a species of funnel-web spider in the Atracidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2010 by Australian arachnologist Michael R. Gray. The species epithet levittgreggae honours naturalist and Australian Museum Associate Vera Levitt-Gregg.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Brent Belecki
Brent Belecki (born December 22, 1977, in Calgary, Alberta) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the Western Hockey League, East Coast Hockey League, Central Hockey League, United Hockey League, and American Hockey League.

In the 1997-1998, as a junior, he won the WHL's top goaltender award and the WHL playoff Most Valuable Player award. Belecki backstopped the Portland Winter Hawks to the CHL's highest honor, the 1998 Memorial Cup. However, due to his small size (5-9, 175 lbs), Belecki was never drafted by a National Hockey League team.

As a professional, Belecki played for teams including the Miami Matadors, the Huntsville Channel Cats, the Asheville Smoke, the San Antonio Iguanas, the Utah Grizzlies, the Corpus Christi Rayz, the Austin Ice Bats, and the Muskegon Fury.

Muskegon Lumberjacks (2008–2010)
The Muskegon Lumberjacks was an International Hockey League ice hockey team located in Muskegon, Michigan. After the 2010 season, the team folded and Ron Geary, the owner of the Evansville IceMen of the AAHL, purchased the franchise rights of the former Muskegon Lumberjacks from the IHL. Geary then moved the franchise to Evansville, Indiana where they became the Evansville IceMen.
Barberi
Barberi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Barberi (1979–2023), Italian sprint athlete

Antonio Barberi (fl. 18th century), Italian engraver

Clara Barberi (born 1992), Argentine field hockey player

Dominic Barberi (1792–1849), Italian theologian and Passionist; beatified in 1963

Enrico Barberi (1850–1941), Italian sculptor

Giorgio Bàrberi Squarotti (1929–2017), Italian academic and poet

Giovanni Luca Barberi (1452–1520), Italian historian

Giuseppe Barberi (1746–1809), Italian architect

Jacopo de' Barberi, or Barbari (c. 1460/70 – before 1516), Italian painter and printmaker

Katie Barberi (born 1972), Mexican television actress

Matilde Muñoz Barberi (1895–1954), Spanish writer of various genres

Stefano Barberi (born 1984), Brazilian professional bicycle racer

Giovanni Luca Barberi
Giovanni Luca Barberi (1452–1520) was an Italian historian, lawyer and notary. He was born and lived in Sicily all of his life.

His writing was particularly important in compiling the list of feudal and noble titles in Sicilian history.
Corkery (surname)
Corkery is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Briege Corkery (born 1986), Irish camogie player and Gaelic footballer

Colin Corkery, Irish Gaelic footballer

Daniel Corkery (Irish republican) (1883–1961), Irish politician

Daniel Corkery (author) (1878–1964), Irish politician, writer and academic

David Corkery (born 1972), Irish rugby union player

James Corkery (1889–?), Canadian long-distance runner

KC Corkery (born 1983), American tennis player

Matthew Corkery (born 1965), Australian rugby league player

Niall Corkery, Irish Gaelic footballer

Pam Corkery (born 1956), New Zealand journalist, broadcaster and politician

Stella Corkery (born 1960), New Zealand artist

Daniel Corkery (author)
Daniel Corkery (Irish: Dónall Ó Corcora; 14 February 1878 – 31 December 1964) was an Irish politician, writer and academic. He is known as the author of The Hidden Ireland, a 1924 study of the poetry of eighteenth-century Irish language poets in Munster.
Dead Man's Switch: A Crypto Mystery
Dead Man's Switch: A Crypto Mystery is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Sheona McDonald and released in 2021. The film is a portrait of the controversy around Gerald Cotten, the Canadian cryptocurrency entrepreneur whose disappearance and alleged death in December 2018 left many investors unable to access their money because Cotten was the only person who knew the password to the firm's cold wallet.

The film premiered in April 2021 at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, before having its television premiere in September on CBC Television and CBC Gem. In December, it premiered on Discovery+ in the United States.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
Elena Plastinina
Olena Plastynina (also known as Yelena Plastynina or Yelena Plastinina, Ukrainian: Олена Пластиніна; born Nov. 5, 1963) is a Ukrainian athlete who in 1989 became the Ukrainian 10K Champion when she raced to a 33:55.06 finish in Kyiv, Ukraine.

Plastinina was the sole representative for her country in the 1995 World Marathon Cup. She also competed in the 1995 and 1997 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships.

She won several races in her career, including the 1998 Grandma's Marathon (in Minnesota along the shore of Lake Superior), the 1993 Kosice Marathon, the 1996 Istanbul Marathon, the 2000 Hartford Marathon in Connecticut, and the 2003 Philadelphia Marathon. Another of her other notable performances includes the 2000 Reading Half Marathon in the United Kingdom. In the final mile, Plastinina, then 44, dueled with Ethiopian Birhan Dagne and Lynne MacDougall to finish third in the race's closest-ever woman's finish.

Reading Half Marathon
The Reading Half Marathon (currently known as the Unleashed Performance Reading Half Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is a half marathon road running event held on the streets of the English town of Reading, first held in 1983. The race is normally held on a Sunday in March or early April of each year. The race is open to everyone from fun runner to elite athlete, and was one of the first town races to include wheelchair athletes.

The 2024 race was held on 14 April. The 2025 race is scheduled to be held on 23 March.
Ienashi church
The Ienashi church of the Prophet Jonah (Georgian: იენაშის იონა წინასწარმეტყველის ეკლესია, romanized: ienashis iona ts'inasts'armet'q'velis ek'lesia), also known as the church of Ian (Svan: ჲან), is a medieval Georgian Orthodox church in Mestia, Upper Svaneti. The church was built sometime between the 12th and 14th centuries, but reflects an earlier Georgian practice by having a semi-open aisle—an ambulatory—terminating in an apse to the east of the main nave of the building. The church is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

Svan language
Svan (ლუშნუ ნინ lušnu nin; Georgian: სვანური ენა, romanized: svanuri ena) is a Kartvelian language spoken in the western Georgian region of Svaneti primarily by the Svan people. With its speakers variously estimated to be between 30,000 and 80,000, the UNESCO designates Svan as a "definitely endangered language". It is of particular interest because it has retained many features that have been lost in the other Kartvelian languages.
Danskraal
Danskraal is a historic site some 5 km north-east of Ladysmith in the former Kliprivier district, said to be the place where the Voortrekkers camped a week before the famous Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838 and where the first vow was taken which led to the Day of the Covenant. The name means 'village of dancing'; it was here that the Voortrekker commando was entertained with ceremonial dances by the Zulus of Matowan or Nodotta.

The South African Railways has locomotive workshops at Danskraal, which was still known as Daimana in c. 1935.

Day of the Vow
The Day of the Vow (Afrikaans: Geloftedag) is a religious public holiday in South Africa. It is an important day for Afrikaners, originating from the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838, before which 464 Voortrekkers made a promise to God that if he rescued them out of the hands of the approximately 16,000  Zulu warriors they were facing, they would honour that day as a sabbath day in remembrance of what God did for them.

Initially called Dingane's Day or Dingaan's Day (Afrikaans: Dingaansdag), 16 December was made an annual national holiday in 1910, before being renamed Day of the Vow in 1982.

In 1994, after the end of Apartheid, it was officially replaced by the Day of Reconciliation, an annual holiday also on 16 December.
 However, many descendants still celebrate it as promised in the vow.
Seán O'Mahony's GFC
Seán O'Mahony's GFC is a Gaelic football club that fields teams in competitions organized by Louth GAA. It is located in the 'Quay' area of Dundalk, County Louth, near the town's port. The clubrooms and pitch are adjacent to the Navvy Bank, a popular local landmark which affords walkers picturesque views of the Cooley Mountains. As of 2025, the club competes in the Louth Intermediate Football Championship and Division 1 of the County football Leagues.

Leinster Intermediate Club Football Championship
The Leinster Intermediate Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament played between the Intermediate football champions of the 12 counties of Leinster. The winners will represent the province in the semi-final of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship.
Shanghai fried noodles
Shanghai fried noodles (Chinese: 上海粗炒; pinyin: Shànghǎi cūchǎo) is a dish made from Shanghai-style noodles, which can be found in most Chinese food markets. The more commonly known Japanese udon can be used as a substitute. The noodles are typically stir-fried with beef cutlets, bok choy, and onion, or with pork and Chinese yellow chives. The dish is a staple of Shanghai cuisine, and is usually served at dumpling houses. In recent years Shanghai fried noodles have become known to western chefs, including celebrity chef Emeril Lagasse.

Udon
Udon (うどん or 饂飩) is a thick noodle made from wheat flour, used in Japanese cuisine. There are a variety of ways it is prepared and served. Its simplest form is in a soup as kake udon with a mild broth called kakejiru made from dashi, soy sauce, and mirin. It is usually topped with thinly chopped scallions. Other common toppings include prawn tempura, kakiage (mixed tempura fritter), abura-age (sweet, deep-fried tofu pouches), kamaboko (sliced fish cake), and shichimi spice added to taste.

Standard broth differs by region. Dark (koikuchi) soy sauce is added in eastern Japan, while light (usukuchi) soy sauce is added in the west. Instant noodles are often sold in two (or more) versions accordingly.

More unusual variants include stir-fried yaki udon and curry udon made with Japanese curry. Udon is often used as the final dish in shabu shabu or Japanese hot pot.
Mariner's cap
A mariner's cap, also called a skipper's cap, sailor's cap, Dutch Boy's cap, Greek cap, fiddler's cap, or breton cap is a peaked cap, usually made from black or navy blue wool felt, but also from corduroy or blue denim. Originally popular with seafarers, it is often associated with sailing and maritime settings, especially fishing, yachting and recreational sailing. It has sometimes become a fashion item in the West, for example being worn by John Lennon in the mid-1960s.

Denim
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weave produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck.  Denim, as it is recognised today, was first produced in Nîmes, France.

Denim is available in a range of colors, but the most common denim is indigo denim in which the warp thread is dyed while the weft thread is left white. As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the textile is dominated by the blue warp threads, and the other side is dominated by the white weft threads. Jeans fabricated from this cloth are thus predominantly white on the inside. Denim is used to create a wide variety of garments, accessories, and furniture.
The Rainmaker (1956 film)
The Rainmaker is a 1956 American romantic Western film directed by Joseph Anthony, and adapted by N. Richard Nash from his 1954 play. It stars Burt Lancaster, Katharine Hepburn, Wendell Corey, Lloyd Bridges and Earl Holliman. The film tells the story of a middle-aged woman (Hepburn), suffering from unrequited love for the local town sheriff; however, she falls for a con man (Lancaster) who comes to town with the promise that he can make it rain. The play and film are inspired by the life of Charles Hatfield.

The film was released by Paramount Pictures on December 13, 1956, and was a critical success. Hepburn received Academy Award, BAFTA Award, and Golden Globe nominations for her performance, Alex North's score also received an Oscar nomination. Earl Holliman won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role.

Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
The Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951. Previously, there was a single award for "Best Actress in a Motion Picture", but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actress – Comedy or Musical.

The formal title has varied since its inception. In 2005, it was officially called "Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama". As of 2013, the wording is "Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama".
Duwayr al-Akrad
Duwayr al-Akrad (Arabic: دوير الأكراد transliteration: duwayr al-’akrād) is a Syrian village located in the Ziyarah Subdistrict of the al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the village had a population of 814 in the 2004 census. As of 11 February 2025, the village was uninhabited.

Al-Ziyarah Subdistrict
Al-Ziyarah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية الزيارة) is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Ziyarah Subdistrict had a population of 38,872 in the 2004 census. By July of 2023, the subdistrict's population had declined to 4,699 as a consequence of the Syrian Civil War. The subdistrict is named after the town of al-Ziyarah, and its biggest town is Qastun.
Emosi Vucago
Ratu Emosi Vucago (born May 10, 1983) is a Fiji Rugby union player. He plays as a half-back in the Fifteens man-code and also as a halfback/fly-half in the Sevens code He has also been part Fiji Sevens team since  the Wellington leg in 2007. He is a  cousin of  Fiji national Fly Half, Seremaia Bai

In the Fifteens version of the game, he plays as a half-back and has represented Nadroga several times in the Digicel Cup and he also plays for the Coastal Stallions in the Colonial Cup as well as being part of their 2006 winning team. He made his fifteens debut against Tonga in Gosford Park, Australia in June 2006 where they lost by a point. Emosi is currently the vice captain for Fiji in the 2011/12 HSBC Series.

New Zealand Sevens (tournament)
The New Zealand Sevens was an annual rugby sevens tournament held at Waikato Stadium in Hamilton, New Zealand. For the first eighteen years of its history the event was held in Wellington. The event was the third on the World Rugby Sevens Series circuit and is generally held in late January or early February.
R. Ramachandran Nair
Ramakrishna Pillai Ramachandran Nair (born 23 April 1939) is a retired Indian Administrative Service officer from Kottayam, Kerala, who served as collector of Kannur and Kollam districts, managing director of Travancore-Cochin Chemicals, secretary to various departments, and finally as the Chief Secretary of Kerala state in different intervals. He was also the founding Vice Chancellor of Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady. A prolific writer, he has also written many poems and essays in Sanskrit (under the pseudonym Thulaseevanam), Malayalam and English. His Sanskrit compositions, most of them being Carnatic kritis, praise more on the deities of Kerala temples, especially around Thiruvananthapuram and Kottayam. Nair is credited with popularising many temples in Kerala.

Kalady
Kalady or Kaladi is a town located between Angamaly and Perumbavoor, east of the Periyar River, near Malayattoor in Ernakulam district of Kerala, India, not far from Cochin International Airport. It is notable as the birthplace of 9th century Indian philosopher Adi Shankara.
Zhu Xingyuan
Zhu Xinyuan (Chinese: 祝惺元; pinyin: Zhù Xīngyuán; Wade–Giles: Chu Hsing-yüan; born 1880) was a politician and diplomat in the Republic of China. He was an important politician during the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime. His courtesy name was Yanxi (硯溪). He was born in Daxing, Zhili (now Beijing).

Chuo University
Chuo University (中央大学, Chūō Daigaku), commonly referred to as Chuo (中央) or Chu-Dai (中大), is a private research university in Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. The university finds its roots in a school called Igirisu Hōritsu Gakkō (English Law School), which was founded in 1885, and became a university in 1920. The university operates four campuses in Tokyo: the largest in Hachiōji (Tama campus), one in Bunkyō (Korakuen campus), and two others in Shinjuku (Ichigaya and Ichigaya-Tamachi campuses). Chuo is organized into six faculties, ten graduate schools, and nine research institutes. There are also four affiliated high schools and two affiliated junior high schools.

When written in Chinese characters, Chuo University shares the same name with National Central University in Taiwan and Chung-Ang University in South Korea.
Trade and pilgrimage routes of Ghana
The trade and pilgrimage routes of Ghana are located in the Bono, Bono East, Ahafo, Savannah, North East, Northern, and Upper East Regions of northern Ghana.  The routes were used by Bono people, Mandé warriors, Islamic traders and missionaries.

North East Region, Ghana
The North East Region is one of the sixteen regions of Ghana. It is located in the north of the country and was created in December 2018 after a referendum was voted upon to break it off of the Northern region. The region's capital is Nalerigu.
Bhanwar Tonk
Bhanwar Tonk is a forest hamlet nestled in the Achanakmar Amarkantak biosphere reserve area amongst the scenic Maikal Range, in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh, India.

Bhanwar Tonk railway station is situated in the Ghat Section of the Katni - Bilaspur rail line of SECR between Sarbahara railway station and Khongsara railway station. Due to steep gradient in slope in this section, many trains have technical as well as passenger halts in Bhanwar Tonk.

Amarkantak
Amarkantak (NLK Amarakaṇṭaka) is a pilgrim town and a Nagar Panchayat in Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The Amarkantak region is a unique natural heritage area. It is the meeting point of the Vindhya and the Satpura Ranges, with the Maikal Hills being the fulcrum. This is where the Narmada River, the Son River and Johilla River (tributary of Son) originate.

15th-century Indian mystic and poet Kabir is said to have meditated in Amarkantak, and the place is now known as Kabir Chabutra.
Heuzert
Heuzert is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The agriculturally structured residential community of Heuzert to the Verbandsgemeinde of Hachenburg, a kind of collective municipality. Its seat is in the like-named town.

Siegen
Siegen (German pronunciation: [ˈziːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

It is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg region. The university town (nearly 20,000 students in the 2018–2019 winter semester) is the district seat, and is ranked as a "higher centre" in the South Westphalian urban agglomeration.

In 1975, municipal reforms and amalgamations lifted Siegen's population above the 100,000 mark.
Zdravko Kajmaković
Zdravko Kajmaković (Serbian: Здравко Кајмаковић) (10 October 1929 in Modran, Bijeljina – 19 March 2009, in Sarajevo) was an art historian and ranks among the leading scholars of the latter half of the twentieth century in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was one of pioneers and founding figures in professional and academic circles, unrivalled in the field of heritage protection, the history of art, conservation and restoration, and the organization and execution of major, complex projects and actions. In his day, he was at the very forefront of Bosnian and Herzegovinian culture, as well as Serbian culture and science.

Bijeljina
Bijeljina (Serbian Cyrillic: Бијељина) is a city and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the provincial center of Semberija, a geographic region in the country's northeast. As of 2013, it has a population of 107,715 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second largest in the Republika Srpska entity after Banja Luka.
Rail freight in Great Britain
The railway network in Great Britain has been used to transport goods of various types and in varying volumes since the early 19th century. Network Rail, which owns and maintains the network, aims to increase the amount of goods carried by rail. In 2015–16 Britain's railways moved 17.8 billion net tonne kilometres, a 20% fall compared to 2014–15. Coal accounted for 13.1% of goods transport in Britain, down considerably from previous years. There are no goods transported by railway in Northern Ireland.

Daventry
Daventry (/ˈdævəntri/ DAV-ən-tree, historically /ˈdeɪntri/ DAYN-tree) is a market town and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, close to Northamptonshire's border with Warwickshire. At the 2021 Census, Daventry had a population of 28,123, making it the sixth-largest town in Northamptonshire.