hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Devaynes v Noble
Devaynes v Noble (1816) 35 ER 781, best known for the claim contained in Clayton's case, created a rule, or more precisely common law presumption, in relation to the distribution of money from a bank account. The rule is based upon the deceptively simple notion of first-in, first-out to determine the effect of payments from an account, and normally applies in English Law in the absence of evidence of any other intention. Payments are presumed to be appropriated to debts in the order in which the debts are incurred.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Andrea Zerini
Andrea Zerini (born 25 October 1988) is an Italian professional basketball player who last played for Derthona Basket of the Italian LBA. Standing at 2.05 metres (6 feet 9 inches), he plays at the forward-center positions.

Forward-center
Forward–center is a basketball position for players who play or have played both forward and center on a consistent basis. Typically, this means power forward and center, since these are usually the two tallest player positions on any basketball team, and therefore more often overlap each other.
Ukta
Ukta [ˈukta] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Ruciane-Nida, 22 km (14 mi) west of Pisz, and 67 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village is situated on the Krutynia river of Masurian Lake District.

On April 5, 1981 the local Protestant church was charged and forcefully taken over by Catholics.

The village has a population of 570.

Ruciane-Nida
Ruciane-Nida [ruˈt͡ɕanɛ ˈɲida] is a town in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland. The town was formed in 1966 by the merger of three smaller settlements: Ruciane (German: Rudczanny, renamed Niedersee in 1938), Nida (German: Nieden) and Wola Ratajowa. It is located within the ethnographic region of Masuria.

The town of Ruciane-Nida is a well-known tourist centre within the Masurian Lake District, with a popular railway line running through it: a D29-219 line – Olsztyn – Szczytno – Świętajno – Pisz – Ełk. In the summer, it becomes the furthermost Southern station of the Masurian Recreational Navigation system.

As of 2004, the town had a population of 4,934.
Warbat
Warbat (Arabic: وربات), also known as shaabiyat (Arabic: شعيبيات, شعبيات) and Şöbiyet, is a Levantine sweet pastry similar to baklava.

Warbat consists of layers of phyllo dough filled with a semolina based custard, though it is sometimes also filled with pistachios, walnuts, almonds, or sweet cheese. The dessert is topped with a sweet syrup made from sugar, water, and lemon juice brought to a boil and then left to cool and thicken.

When served with cream or qishta it is called warbat bi-qishteh or warbat be gishta. Warbat is often served during Ramadan.

In Jordan, warbat and knafeh are often the most sold desserts for celebrations, such as tawjihi exam results.

Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtissière) used to fill éclairs. The most common custards are used in custard desserts or dessert sauces and typically include sugar and vanilla; however, savory custards are also found, e.g., in quiche.
Electroliner
The Electroliners are a pair of streamlined interurban trainsets built by the St. Louis Car Company in 1941. Initially numbered 801–802 and 803–804, they were operated by the Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad from 1941 to 1963, followed by the Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company (later SEPTA) from 1964 to 1978. Since their retirement, both train sets have been preserved in railway museums.

Streamliner
A streamliner is a vehicle incorporating streamlining in a shape providing reduced air resistance. The term is applied to high-speed railway trainsets of the 1930s to 1950s, and to their successor "bullet trains". Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired upright and recumbent bicycles. As part of the Streamline Moderne trend, the term was applied to passenger cars, trucks, and other types of light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicles, but now vehicle streamlining is so prevalent that it is not an outstanding characteristic. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, custom-built, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels.
Byndoor Assembly constituency
Byndoor Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka state in India.

It is part of Udupi district. It consists of parts of Byndoor Taluk and Kundapura Taluk.

Kundapur
Kundapra, officially Kundapura, is a town in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. This town was known as Coondapoor when it was part of the erstwhile South Canara district (1862–1947) of the Madras Presidency of British India. Present-day Kundapur is administered by the Kundapur Town Municipal Council and serves as the headquarters of eponymous Kundapur taluk in Udupi district.
Galium muricatum
Galium muricatum, Humboldt bedstraw, is a species of plant in the Rubiaceae. It is native to northwestern California (Sonoma, Mendocino, Humboldt, Trinity and Siskiyou Counties) and southeastern Oregon (Curry, Josephine, Jackson, and Coos Counties).

Galium muricatum is a perennial herb with white flowers, spreading vegetatively to form sizable colonies. Leaves are in whorls of 4, elliptical, tapering at the tip.

Jackson County, Oregon
Jackson County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 223,259. The county seat is Medford. The county is named for Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States. Jackson County comprises the Medford, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area. There are 11 incorporated cities and 34 unincorporated communities in Jackson County; the largest is Medford, which has been the county seat since 1927.
Carolina Bermudez
Carolina Maria Bermudez (born May 18, 1978) is a Nicaraguan-American radio presenter, formerly of Elvis Duran and the Morning Show in New York City on WHTZ ("Z100"), which is also simulcast in Miami on WHYI ("Y100"), in Philadelphia on WIOQ ("Q102"), and in various other markets around the country through syndication by Premiere Radio Networks.

WHTZ
WHTZ (100.3 MHz) is a commercial contemporary hit radio station licensed to Newark, New Jersey, and broadcasting to the New York metropolitan area. It is owned by iHeartMedia. WHTZ is the flagship station for Elvis Duran and the Morning Show. WHTZ's studios are located at 125 West 55th Street in Midtown Manhattan, while the station's transmitter is located at the Empire State Building.

In addition to a standard analog transmission, WHTZ broadcasts in the HD Radio format, and streams online via iHeartRadio. From 2001 to June 18, 2020, the station was additionally simulcast on SiriusXM satellite radio channel 12; the station remained available on its streaming service until 2022.
Narula Institute of Technology
Narula Institute of Technology (better known as  NiT) is an autonomous private engineering college in West Bengal, India, situated in Agarpara. The college is affiliated with the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT). It is one of seven colleges under the JIS Group, a Sikh minority group and a member of Association of Minority Professional Academic Institutes (AMPAI).

Computer science and engineering
Computer science and engineering (CSE) is an academic subject comprising approaches of computer science and computer engineering. There is no clear division in computing between science and engineering, just like in the field of materials science and engineering. However, some classes are historically more related to computer science (e.g. data structures and algorithms), and other to computer engineering (e.g. computer architecture). CSE is also a term often used  in Europe to translate the name of technical or engineering informatics academic programs. It is offered in both undergraduate as well postgraduate with specializations.
English cricket team in Pakistan in 1987–88
The England national cricket team toured Pakistan in November to December 1987 and played a three-match Test series against the Pakistan national cricket team. Pakistan won the Test series 1–0. England were captained by Mike Gatting and Pakistan by Javed Miandad. In addition, the teams played a three-match Limited Overs International (LOI) series which England won 3–0.

Mike Gatting
Michael William Gatting OBE (born 6 June 1957) is an English former cricketer, who played first-class cricket for Middlesex (1975–1998; captain 1983–1997) and for England from 1977 to 1995, captaining the national side in twenty-three Test matches between 1986 and 1988. He toured South Africa as captain of the rebel tour party in 1990. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1979 Cricket World Cup and captain of the squad which finished as runners-up at the 1987 Cricket World Cup.

He replaced John Buchanan as the Middlesex coach, serving during 1999 and 2000.

He is currently an elected member of the Middlesex C.C.C. Executive Board and the Marylebone Cricket Club committee. He has previously served as the ECB managing director of Cricket Partnerships and president of the M.C.C.

Cricket writer Colin Bateman has stated that "talk of Gatting the batsman always evokes adjectives such as pugnacious, bold, brave and belligerent".
Lalmati Express
The Lalmati Express was an Express train belonging to South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Howrah Junction and Purulia Junction in India. It was operated with 12865/12866 train numbers on bi-weekly basis.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
Pathfinder Reservoir
Pathfinder Reservoir is located in the U.S. state of Wyoming on the North Platte River between Casper and Rawlins. It sits 47 miles (76 km) southwest of Casper, in Carbon County and Natrona County.  The reservoir was created by Pathfinder Dam and has a storage capacity of 1,016,000 acre-feet (1.253×109 m3).  The shoreline consists of 117 miles (188 km).  Much of the water used to serve the 335,000 acre (1360 km2) North Platte Project is stored here.  Some of the water in the reservoir is released to satisfy other water rights and to operate power plants downstream of the reservoir.  Much of the Pathfinder Reservoir is included in the Pathfinder National Wildlife Refuge. Pathfinder Reservoir is the site of the only established population of the Macedonian Ohrid Trout (S. letnica) in the United States.

Natrona County, Wyoming
Natrona County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 79,955, making it the second-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Casper. Natrona County comprises the Casper metropolitan area. In 2010, the center of population of Wyoming was in Natrona County, near Alcova.
1961 U.S. Women's Open
The 1961 U.S. Women's Open was the 16th U.S. Women's Open, held June 29 to July 1 at the Lower Course of Baltusrol Golf Club in Springfield, New Jersey.

Mickey Wright, age 26, won the third of her four U.S. Women's Open titles, six strokes ahead of runner-up Betsy Rawls, a four-time winner and the defending champion. It was Wright's third win at the U.S. Women's Open in four years, and the sixth of her thirteen major titles.

After opening with a par 72 on Thursday to co-lead, Wright shot an 80 (+8) in the second round on Friday and dropped four shots back after 36 holes. A three-under 69 on Saturday morning regained the lead after 54 holes, two strokes ahead of Rawls.

The Lower Course has hosted the U.S. Open four times (two won by Jack Nicklaus) and a PGA Championship, won by Phil Mickelson. The U.S. Women's Open returned to Baltusrol in 1985, but was played on the Upper Course.

Betsy Rawls
Elizabeth Earle Rawls (May 4, 1928 – October 21, 2023) was an American professional golfer who played on LPGA Tour. She won eight major championships and 55 LPGA Tour career events. She was a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Moorish viper
The Moorish viper (Daboia mauritanica or Macrovipera mauritanica; common names: Moorish viper, Sahara rock viper, Atlas blunt-nosed viper, more) is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to northwestern Africa. No subspecies are recognized as being valid.

Viper
Vipers are snakes in the family Viperidae, found in most parts of the world, except for Antarctica, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar, Ireland, and various other isolated islands. All vipers are venomous, and have long (relative to non-vipers), hinged fangs that permit deep envenomation of their prey. Three subfamilies are currently recognized. They are also known as viperids. The name "viper" is derived from the Latin word vipera, -ae, also meaning viper, possibly from vivus ("living") and parere ("to beget"), referring to the trait viviparity (giving live birth) common in vipers like most of the species of Boidae. The earliest known vipers are believed to have diverged from the rest of the clade Caenophidia in the early Eocene.
Development safeguard
In international law, a development safeguard or simply safeguard is a restraint on economic development to protect communities from development aggression.

In the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), safeguards are intended to protect indigenous peoples and other local communities with traditional knowledge of natural resource management within efforts towards reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

With UNFCC processes, safeguards became of concern in the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference. For REDD+ activities under the UNFCCC, the seven Cancún safeguards were adopted at the conference, and later decisions provided guidance on safeguards information systems for reporting how safeguards are addressed and respected.

2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Cancún, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010. The conference is officially referred to as the 16th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 16) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 6th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties (CMP 6) to the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC — the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) — held their 33rd sessions. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference extended the mandates of the two temporary subsidiary bodies, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), and they met as well.
Bucket
A bucket is typically a watertight, vertical cylinder or truncated cone or square, with an open top and a flat bottom that is attached to a semicircular carrying handle called the bail.

A bucket is usually an open-top container. In contrast, a pail can have a top or lid and is a shipping container. In non-technical usage, the two terms are often used interchangeably.

Truncation (geometry)
In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new facet in place of each vertex. The term originates from Kepler's names for the Archimedean solids.
The Beach (UK radio station)
The Beach was an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting to the Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft areas. It used to broadcast from studios in Norwich and Ipswich. Before that it broadcast from studios at the junction of Hollingsworth Road and Oulton Road, in Lowestoft, Suffolk until 8 January 2017 when it was transferred to central hubs in Norwich and Ipswich along with sister stations.

Independent Local Radio
Independent Local Radio is the collective name given to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom.

As a result of the buyouts and mergers permitted by the Broadcasting Act 1990, deregulation resulting from the Communications Act 2003 and further deregulation from the Media Act 2024, most commercial stations are now neither independent (although they remain independent from the BBC) nor local, as almost all of them are now relays of a national brand, with remaining locality reduced to nothing more than localised commercials, news (which may be from the approved area region), weather and peak-time travel information. Radio stations are licensed and regulated by OfCom.

The same name is used for Independent Local Radio in Ireland.
Plainsburg, California
Plainsburg (formerly, Plainsberg and Welch's Store) is an unincorporated community in Merced County, California. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Le Grand, at an elevation of 220 feet (67 m).

Plainsburg was said to be a thriving farming center in the nineteenth century.  It had several businesses and was legally incorporated for a time.  The town declined when it was bypassed by the Southern Pacific Railroad to the west and later the Santa Fe Railroad to the east.  A grocery store remained as of 1992; the cemetery and elementary school are still present today.

A post office operated at Plainsburg from 1869 to 1907.

Le Grand, California
Le Grand (also Legrand) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Merced County, California, United States. Le Grand is 14 miles (23 km) east-southeast of Merced, the county seat at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m). The population was 1,592 at the 2020 census, down from 1,659 at the 2010 census.
Norton Dam
The Norton Dam (also sometimes called the Norton Bridge Dam) is a gravity dam built across the Kehelgamu Oya, which is a main tributary to the Kelani River. The dam is built at Norton Bridge, in the Central Province of Sri Lanka.

Central Province, Sri Lanka
The Central Province (Sinhala: මධ්‍යම පළාත Madhyama Paḷāta, Tamil: மத்திய மாகாணம் Maddiya Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 567,400 ha (1,402,000 acres) and a population of 2,421,148, making it the second most populated province. The city of Kandy has been its capital since 1469.

The Central Province is located primarily in the central mountainous terrain of Sri Lanka. It is bordered by the North Central Province to the north, the Uva Province to the east, the North Western Province to the west and the Sabaragamuwa Province to the south and west.

The province is famous for its production of Ceylon tea, the cultivation of which was initiated by the British in the 1860s after a devastating disease killed all coffee plantations in the province. The province attracts many tourists, with hill station towns such as Gampola, Hatton and Nuwara Eliya. The province is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Tomb of Akhethetep
The Tomb of Akhethetep, also known as Mastaba of Akhethetep (French: Mastaba d'Akhethétep), is a tomb complex in Saqqara, Egypt. It was built for Akhethetep, a royal official, near the western part of the Pyramid of Djoser. Akhethetep was an official with several, mainly religious titles, including priest of Heka, priest of Khnum and priest of Horus. The tomb's decorated chapel was removed in 1903 and reassembled at the Louvre in Paris, where it is also known as the "Mastaba of Akhethetep" or simply "le mastaba du Louvre".

Heka (god)
Heka (/ˈhɛkə/; Ancient Egyptian: ḥkꜣ(w); Coptic: ϩⲓⲕ hik; also transliterated Hekau) was the deification of magic and medicine in ancient Egypt. The name is the Egyptian word for "magic". According to Egyptian literature (Coffin text, spell 261), Heka existed "before duality had yet come into being." The term ḥkꜣ was also used to refer to the practice of magical rituals.
Miracula sancti Martialis anno 1388 patrata
The Miracula sancti Martialis anno 1388 patrata ('Miracles of Saint Martial Completed in the Year 1388') is a dossier of 73 miracles performed through the intercession of Saint Martial between 1378 and 1388. The Latin manuscript was found in the seminary of Nîmes by the Bollandists François Arbellot and Charles De Smedt, who edited and published it.

Bollandist
The Society of Bollandists (Latin: Societas Bollandistarum; French: Société des Bollandistes) is an association of scholars, philologists, and historians (originally all Jesuits, but now including non-Jesuits) who since the early seventeenth century have studied hagiography and the cult of the saints in Christianity. Their most important publication has been the Acta Sanctorum (The Acts of the Saints). They are named after the Flemish Jesuit Jean Bolland (1596–1665).
Second War Allied Forces Memorial Monument
The Second War Allied Forces Memorial Monument (Chinese: 二戰盟軍中國遠徵軍忠魂碑) is a monument that commemorates the Allied forces and the Chinese Expeditionary Force. It is built and completed on November 10, 2014, by the Yunnan Association of Myitkyina with funds raised by the descendants of the Chinese Expeditionary Force soldiers and overseas Chinese in Myanmar.

It is located at a Chinese cemetery in Myitkyina Township, Kachin State, Myanmar.

Kachin State
Kachin State (Burmese: ကချင်ပြည်နယ်; Kachin: Jinghpaw Mungdaw) is the northernmost state of Myanmar. It is bordered by China to the north and east (Tibet and Yunnan, respectively), Shan State to the south, and Sagaing Region and India (Arunachal Pradesh) to the west. It lies between north latitude 23° 27' and 28° 25' longitude 96° 0' and 98° 44'. The area of Kachin State is 89,041 km2 (34,379 sq mi). The capital of the state is Myitkyina. Other important towns include Bhamo, Mohnyin and Putao.

Kachin State has Myanmar's highest mountain, Hkakabo Razi at 5,889 metres (19,321 ft), forming the southern tip of the Himalayas, and a large inland lake, Indawgyi Lake. It also has the most national parks of any administrative division in Myanmar, that being three.
Rugby League Raw
Rugby League Raw was a regional BBC Sport television programme featuring rugby league action and behind-the-scenes footage from the National Leagues play-offs.

The series began in 2000 as a regional programme on Yorkshire Television and switched to the BBC in 2004.

The programme was narrated by Mark Chapman, and later, Tony Livesey, with match commentary from Dave Woods, David Oates and John Helm.

The documentary-style programme picked up two Royal Television Society awards and several nominations.

Rugby League Raw was broadcast in the BBC's North East & Cumbria, Yorkshire & North Midlands, East Yorkshire & Lincolnshire and North West regions and attracted over 400,000 viewers, despite its late night timeslot. The series can also be viewed online or downloaded using BBC iPlayer in the UK.

The 2007 series was the last to be made as Sky Sports began to show National League rugby.

BBC Sport
BBC Sport is the sports division of the BBC, providing national sports coverage for BBC television, radio and online. The BBC holds the television and radio UK broadcasting rights to several sports, broadcasting the sport live or alongside flagship analysis programmes such as Match of the Day, Test Match Special, Ski Sunday and Today at Wimbledon. Results, analysis and coverage is also added to the BBC Sport website and through the BBC Red Button interactive television service.