hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tonicization
In music, tonicization is the treatment of a pitch other than the overall tonic (the "home note" of a piece) as a temporary tonic in a composition. In tonal music, pieces (or sections) are in a key. This means that the tonic chord has a corresponding dominant chord (e.g., in the key of C major, the tonic chord is C major and the dominant chord is G major or G7). The dominant chord, especially if it is a dominant seventh chord, is said to resolve to (or leading to) the tonic, due to the leading note in the dominant chord resolving to the tonic note.

A tonicized chord is a chord other than the tonic chord that a dominant chord resolves to. When a dominant chord  is used before a chord other than the tonic, this dominant or dominant seventh chord is called a secondary dominant. When a chord is tonicized, this makes this non-tonic chord sound temporarily like a tonic chord.

Pitch (music)
Pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale. 
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property; it is a subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in psychoacoustics, and has been instrumental in forming and testing theories of sound representation, processing, and perception in the auditory system.
Hartmut of Saint Gall
Hartmut von St. Gallen (died 23 January after 905 in Saint Gall) was abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall.

Hartmut (Old High German "of powerful courage and spirit"), was monk, pupil of Rabanus Maurus at the Princely Abbey of Fulda, and became Grimald's successor as Abbot of Saint Gall in 872. Otfrid of Weissenburg dedicated his Old High German "Liber evangeliorum", a kind of diatessaron in southern Rhenisch Franconian dialect, i. a. to his friend and fellow student Hartmut. As abbot, Hartmut, like his predecessor, generated an abundant construction activity. In 883, he abdicated and afterwards led a life of seclusion as recluse near the monastery in Saint Gall. He died on a 23 January after 905.

Rhine Franconian dialects
Rhenish Franconian or Rhine Franconian (German: Rheinfränkisch [ˈʁaɪnfʁɛnkɪʃ] ⓘ) is a dialect chain of West Central German. It comprises the varieties of German spoken across the western regions of the states of Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate, northwest Baden-Württemberg, and Hesse in Germany. It is also spoken in northeast France, in the eastern part of the département of Moselle in the Lorraine region, and in the north-west part of Bas-Rhin in Alsace. To the north, it is bounded by the Sankt Goar line (or das–dat line) which separates it from Moselle Franconian; to the south, it is bounded by the Main line which is also referred to as the Speyer line which separates it from the Upper German dialects.
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Taiwan)
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Chinese: 大學儲備軍官訓練團) in the Republic of China (Taiwan) was first proposed by the Ministry of National Defense for the ROC Armed Forces in September 1995 and has been in operation since 1997 or 1999. Other sources mention that an ROTC program was already active in Taiwan in the 1960s. ROTC in Taiwan is based on the counterpart program of the United States Armed Forces. The proposed training regimen consisted of three to four additional hours of military courses each week aside from university classes. During the winter vacation, students were to attend a one or two-week boot camp and in the summer, they would undergo six weeks of military training.

Military recruit training
Military recruit training, commonly known as basic training or boot camp, refers to the initial instruction of new military personnel. It is a physically and psychologically intensive process, which resocializes its subjects for the unique demands of military employment.
Thérèse Vanier
Thérèse Marie Chérisy Vanier (27 February 1923 – 16 June 2014) was an English decorated veteran and medical doctor who specialised in haematology and palliative care. With her brother, she co-founded L'Arche UK, a branch of the international organisation dedicated to the communal care of people with learning disabilities, establishing the first community in Barfrestone near Canterbury in 1974.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Hylomus rhinoceros
Hylomus rhinoceros is an aposematic species of dragon millipede in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is only known from Champasak and Sekong Provinces in southern Laos.

It was first described, along with H. rhinoparvus, in 2015. Both species were discovered in Laos, the first dragon millipedes identified there, H. rhinoceros in the south of the country and H. rhinoparvus in the north. The holotype is in the Museum of Zoology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

The body length is 17–24 mm (0.67–0.94 in) in males and 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) in females. The color is dark red.

Sekong province
Sekong (also sometimes Xekong, Lao: ເຊກອງ, pronounced [séː kɔ̀ːŋ]) is a province of Laos in the southeast of the country. It is the second smallest province in Laos, covering an area of 7,665 square kilometres (2,959 sq mi). It is bordered by Vietnam to the east, Attapeu province to the south, Salavan province to the north, and Champasak province to the west. Sekong has the smallest population (129,398 as of 2020) and the lowest population density of any province. It was created in 1984 by splitting Salavan province. It is the most diverse province in Laos with 14 ethnic groups. The Sekong River, which divides the province, flows in a southerly direction into Cambodia and is navigable. The Dakchung Plateau and Xe Xap National Biodiversity Conservation Area are among the areas under protection.
Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital
The Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital (Arabic: مستشفى الصداقة التركي الفلسطيني, Turkish: Türk-Filistin Dostluk Hastanesi) was a hospital in Gaza, Palestine, built and equipped by the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TİKA).

In 2010, the Board of Trustees of the Islamic University of Gaza approved its establishment as a training and research hospital in the Gaza Strip.  The construction of the Palestine-Turkey Friendship Hospital began in 2011. It was completed in 2017 at a total cost of 70 million US dollars.

During the siege on the Gaza Strip imposed by Israel in October 2023, the hospital ran out of fuel. Gaza health officials reported that it shut down on November 1. Prior to its closure, it was the only hospital in Gaza equipped to serve cancer patients. The hospital director stated that the hospital was hit in an Israeli airstrike.  Later, the Israeli Army used the location as a military base.

On 21 March 2025, the hospital was demolished by the Israeli Army.

Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency
The Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (Turkish: Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon İdaresi Başkanlığı, TİKA) is a government department subordinate to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey). Focusing on development cooperation, TİKA works in more than 150 countries. It also goes by the name Turkish International Cooperation and Development Agency. TİKA is responsible for the organization of the bulk of Turkey's official development assistance to developing countries, with a particular focus on Turkic and African countries and communities. According to the OECD, 2020 official development assistance from Turkey increased by 1.2% to US$8 billion. As of January 2022, TİKA has undertaken 30,000 projects worldwide.
Virginia Barcones
Virginia Barcones Sanz (born 6 June 1976) is a Spanish politician serving as director general for civil protection and emergencies since 2023. She served as government delegate in Castile and León from 2018 to 2019 and from 2021 to 2023. She was a member of the Cortes of Castile and León from 2015 to 2018 and from 2019 to 2021.

Cortes of Castile and León
The Cortes of Castile and León (Spanish: Cortes de Castilla y León) is the elected unicameral legislature of the Autonomous Community of Castile and León.

The tradition of the regional Cortes is traced back to the Royal Council (Latin: Curia Regis) of León (1188). The Curia Regis was a king's summons of the estates of the realm. Although the practical outcome of the Curia Regis of 1188 is still disputed, its charter seems to be an early move towards the rule of constitutional law, much like Magna Carta. The  Cortes of Castile and León is seated in the city of Valladolid.
Glil Yam
Glil Yam (Hebrew: גְּלִיל יָם) is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain between Ramat HaSharon and Herzliya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 562.

Herzliya
Herzliya (/hɜːrtsˈliːjə/ hurts-LEE-yə; Hebrew: הרצליה, pronounced [heʁts(e)liˈja] / [eʁtseˈlija]) is an affluent city in the central coast of Israel, at the northern part of the Tel Aviv District, known for its robust start‑up and entrepreneurial culture. In 2023, it had a population of 108,650.

Named after Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism, Herzliya covers an area of 21.6 km2 (8.3 sq mi). Its western, beachfront area is called Herzliya Pituah and is one of Israel's most affluent neighborhoods and home to numerous embassies, ambassadors' residences, company headquarters, and houses of prominent Israeli business people.
Orville Fehlhaber
Orville Walter Fehlhaber (March 16, 1903 – February 15, 1986) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Wausau, Wisconsin, Fehlhaber received his bachelor's degree from University of Wisconsin–Madison and his law degree from University of Wisconsin Law School. He practiced law in Wausau, Wisconsin. Fehlhaber served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1941 and was a Republican. He died in Bradenton, Florida.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
Georgette de Montenay
Georgette de Montenay (1540–1581) was the French author of Emblemes ou devises chrestiennes, published in Lyon between 1567 and 1571. Montenay has always been regarded as a lady-in-waiting to Jeanne d'Albret, the Protestant Queen of Navarre, partly because she dedicated her work to the Queen. An intriguing aspect of Montenay's Calvinist life is that she was married in 1562 to Guyon de Gout, a devout Catholic.

Montenay was born in Toulouse. She came from an affluent military family, but was orphaned when young and was taken into the court by the Queen of Navarre, whom she served first as fille d'honneur and later as dame d'honneur. Her position enabled her to acquire a thorough grounding in the classics and exposed her to Evangelism.  She died at Sainte-Germier, near Toulouse.

Dame d'honneur
Dame d'honneur (French pronunciation: [dam dɔnœʁ], lit. 'lady of honour') was a common title for two categories of French ladies-in-waiting, who are often confused because of the similarity.

Dame d'honneur can be:

Short for Première dame d'honneur, which were commonly shortened to Dame d'honneur, or;

The full, formal title for Dame du Palais, which until 1674 was formally called Dame d'honneur, though commonly shortened to Dame.
Tarāwhai
Tarāwhai was a Māori rangatira (chief) of the Te Arawa confederation of tribes in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand. He was the founding ancestor of the Ngāti Tarāwhai iwi and conquered Lake Ōkataina for them from Ngāti Kahuūpoko. Later, he was involved in a conflict with Ngāti Te Takinga, which ended in them being allowed to settle at Ruato on the south shore of Lake Rotoiti.

Podocarpus totara
Podocarpus totara (/ˈtoʊtərə/), commonly known as the tōtara, is a species of podocarp tree endemic to New Zealand. Found across New Zealand, the tree can grow up to a height of 35 m (115 ft), and is known for its longevity.

The wood of tōtara is rot-resistant, and prized in Māori culture, and was often used as a material to create large-scale waka.
St. Norbert College (Perth)
St Norbert College (SNC) is a private Catholic secondary school in Queens Park, Perth, Western Australia. Founded in 1965 by Peter O'Reilly O Praem and John Reynolds O Praem, both Norbertine priests and educators, the school was named after Saint Norbert of Xanten. In 1976, the college became co-educational and currently enrols about 890 students.

Norbert of Xanten
Norbert of  Xanten, O. Praem (c. 1080 – 6 June 1134), also known as Norbert Gennep, was a German Catholic bishop who was the Archbishop of Magdeburg, founder of the Premonstratensian order of canons regular, and is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. Norbert was canonized by Pope Gregory XIII in the year 1582, and his statue appears above the Piazza colonnade of St. Peter's Square in Rome.
Ergoloid
Ergoloid mesylates (USAN), co-dergocrine mesilate (BAN) or dihydroergotoxine mesylate, trade name Hydergine, is a mixture of the methanesulfonate salts of three dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine, and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine).

It was developed by Albert Hofmann (the discoverer of LSD) for Sandoz (now part of Novartis).

Sandoz
Sandoz Group AG is a Swiss company that focuses on generic pharmaceuticals and biosimilars. Prior to October 2023, it was part of a division of Novartis that was established in 2003, when Novartis united all of its generics businesses under the name Sandoz. Before this, the company existed as an independent pharmaceutical manufacturer until 1996, when it was merged with Ciba-Geigy to form Novartis. Prior to the merger, it specialized in medicines used in organ transplants, such as Sandimmune, and various antipsychotics and migraine medicines. Its headquarters were in Holzkirchen, Germany and after the spin-off from Novartis, the headquarters moved to Basel, Switzerland, with most of global functions operating from Holzkirchen in Germany, Prague in Czechia, and Barcelona in Spain. Sandoz is the global leader in generic pharmaceuticals and biosimilars.
Yolanda Barcina
Yolanda Barcina Angulo (born 4 April 1960) is a conservative Spanish politician who was the mayor of Pamplona, Navarre from 1999 to 2011, and elected the chairwoman of the Navarrese People's Union (UPN) in 2009. From 2011 to 2015, she was the President of the Chartered Community of Navarre.

Navarrese People's Union
The Navarrese People's Union (Spanish: Unión del Pueblo Navarro; Basque: Nafar Herriaren Batasuna), abbreviated to UPN, is a regional conservative political party in Navarre, Spain. Until 2008, it was a fraternal party of the People's Party (PP), acting as the latter's Navarrese branch.

UPN is a strong opponent of Basque nationalism, and supports a Spanish regional identity for Navarre with a marginal Basque component and separate from the Basque Country. The party's regionalist tradition dates back to the nineteenth century, in which the Spanish nation is seen to be based on 'regional liberties'.

During the 1991–2008 period, UPN acted as the Navarrese branch of the PP, which, in return, did not run at Navarrese elections as a part of their agreement. Since 1991, UPN has been the largest party in elections for the regional Parliament of Navarre and was the ruling party of the Autonomous Community from 1996 to 2015.
Stanley Benham
Stanley Delong Benham (December 21, 1913 – April 22, 1970) was an American bobsledder who competed from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, he barely lost the gold medals in both the two-man and four-man events.

Benham also won seven medals at the FIBT World Championships with two golds (Four-man: 1949, 1950), four silvers (Two-man: 1950, 1951; Four-man: 1951, 1961), and one bronze (Two-man: 1954).

After retiring from bobsleigh, Benham served as a sports official with the FIBT (International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation).

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
Austin Kangaroos football
The Austin Kangaroos football team represents Austin College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The Kangaroos are members of the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference (SCAC), fielding its team in the SCAC since 2024. The Kangaroos play their home games at Apple Stadium in Sherman, Texas. The team is also known as the Austin Roos.

Their head coach is Tony Joe White, who took over the position for the 2023 season.

Tony Joe White (American football)
Tony Joe White (born July 5, 1973) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Austin College, a position he has held since 2023. He was the head football coach for Birmingham–Southern College from 2017 to 2022. He also coached for Southwest Texas State, Louisiana Tech, Southwest Baptist, Southeast Missouri State, Brownsboro High School, Belhaven, and Centre. He played college football for East Texas State as a quarterback.
Scott Tuma
Scott Tuma is a musician from Chicago who is best known for his live performances and also for having played guitar in the pioneering alt-country band Souled American. Since his departure from Souled American in the late 1990s Tuma has released numerous solo albums, performed and recorded with Chicago's Boxhead Ensemble, and collaborated with members of the band Zelienople in a project dubbed Good Stuff House.

2001 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2001.

3.2 billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7 billion. DVD-Audio and Super Audio CD first rose to prominence in 2001, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats. Portable music grew in popularity after Apple Inc. released the iTunes media library on January 9 and the first iPod music player device on October 23. Worldwide, the best-selling albums were Hybrid Theory (2000) by Linkin Park, No Angel (1999) by Dido, and Survivor (2001) by Destiny's Child. The best-selling non-English album was Cieli di Toscana (transl. Tuscan Skies; 2001) by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.
The Crabfish
"The Crabfish" (Roud 149, also known as "The Crayfish", "The Codfish", "The Old She-Crab", "The Lobster", "Tommy Doddler", or "A Combat Between an Ale-Wife and a Sea Crab") is a ribald humorous folk song of English origin. It is one of the most widespread English-language folk songs, being found in almost every English-speaking country and still being sung to the present day. The oldest known mention is in the seventeenth century, appearing in Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript as a song named "The Sea Crabb" based on an earlier tale. The moral of the story is that one should look in the chamber pot before using it.

Owing to the coarseness of the lyrics, this ballad was excluded from Francis James Child's The English and Scottish Popular Ballads as well as many other academic publications.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Watta Job
Watta Job is a Philippine television infotainment show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Chris Tiu, Heart Evangelista and John Feir, it premiered on November 17, 2012 on Sabado Star Power line up. The show concluded on February 16, 2013 with a total of 14 episodes.

Infotainment
Infotainment, a portmanteau of information and entertainment, is a type of media, usually television or online, that provides a combination of information and entertainment. The term may be used disparagingly to devalue infotainment or soft news subjects in favor of more serious hard news subjects. Infotainment-based websites and social media apps gained traction due to their focused publishing of infotainment content, e.g. BuzzFeed. It is also called soft news as a way to distinguish it from serious journalism or hard news.
Staphylococcus condimenti
Staphylococcus condimenti is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.  Strains of this species were originally isolated from fermenting soy sauce mash and are positive for catalase, urease, arginine dihydrolase, nitrate reductase, beta-galactosidase, and phosphatase activity.

Unlike some clinical Staphylococcus isolates and some food-derived strains, S. condimenti has shown no noticeable resistance to antibiotics including lincomycin and penicillin.

Β-Galactosidase
β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23, beta-gal or β-gal; systematic name β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase) is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing β-D-galactose residues in β-D-galactosides. (This enzyme digests many β-Galactosides, not just lactose. It is sometimes loosely referred to as lactase but that name is generally reserved for mammalian digestive enzymes that break down lactose specifically.)

β-Galactosides include carbohydrates containing galactose where the glycosidic bond lies above the galactose molecule. Substrates of different β-galactosidases include ganglioside GM1, lactosylceramides, lactose, and various glycoproteins.