hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4 × 1500 metres relay
The 4 × 1500 metres relay is an athletics track event in which teams comprise four runners who each complete 1500 metres or 3.75 laps on a standard 400 metre track.

While not a World Championship or Olympic event, World Athletics does ratify world records in the event. The men's world record is 14:22.22 by a Kenyan team of Collins Cheboi, Silas Kiplagat, James Magut and Asbel Kiprop, set on May 25, 2014 at the World Relays meet in Nassau, Bahamas. The women's world record is 16:27.02 by an American team of Colleen Quigley, Elise Cranny, Karissa Schweizer and Shelby Houlihan set on July 31, 2020 at the Bowerman Track Club Intrasquad IV meet in Portland, Oregon.

In the United States and other countries, the 4 × mile relay is sometimes run as an alternative.

Colleen Quigley
Colleen Quigley (born November 20, 1992) is an American middle-distance runner, steeplechase specialist, and Olympian from St. Louis, Missouri. She is a current world record–holder in the 4x1500-meter relay (set July 31, 2020). Competing in the 3000-meter steeplechase, she finished 8th at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio and 12th at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing. She won the 2019 U.S. National Indoor Championship in the mile, running 4:29.47, and was the 2015 NCAA Champion in the 3000-meter steeplechase. In 2023, Quigley announced that she would start competing in triathlon events, but that she still plans to compete in track and field through 2024.
Franz Goeschke
Franz Goeschke (German spelling, Göschke); (1844 – 1912) was a German horticulturist who was director of horticulture and head of the Royal Prussian Pomological Institute in Proskau. His father, Gottlieb Göschke (1818-1898), was also a noted horticulturalist.

Franz Göschke was a leading authority of strawberry cultivation. He is credited with creating around thirty new varieties of strawberry, including the once popular Erdbeere Königin Luise (Queen Luise strawberry), a variety he first introduced in 1905.

Prószków
Prószków ([ˈpruʂkuf], German: Proskau; Silesian: Prōszkow) is a town in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Prószków, a Polish/German bilingual commune since 2006.
Anaphoric clitic
In linguistics, anaphoric clitics are a specific subset of clitics: morphologically-bound morphemes that syntactically resemble one word unit, but are bound phonologically to another word unit. Anaphoric clitics are a type of anaphor, meaning that they refer to previously mentioned constituents. Anaphoric clitics thus fill a position in a clause that would otherwise be occupied by a noun phrase, meaning that they are in complementary distribution with full noun phrases. A sentence can thus either contain an anaphoric clitic or a full noun phrase carrying out a particular grammatical function, but not both.

For example, in the Yagua language, spoken in Peru, there is an anaphoric clitic sa which appears before the verb, in subject function: the verb can either have a full noun phrase subject, or the clitic sa.

Constituent (linguistics)
In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. The constituent structure of sentences is identified using tests for constituents.  These tests apply to a portion of a sentence, and  the results provide evidence about the constituent structure of the sentence. Many constituents are phrases. A phrase is a sequence of one or more words (in some theories two or more) built around a head lexical item and working as a unit within a sentence. A word sequence is shown to be a phrase/constituent if it exhibits one or more of the behaviors discussed below. The analysis of constituent structure is associated mainly with phrase structure grammars, although dependency grammars also allow sentence structure to be broken down into constituent parts.
Old Saxon phonology
The phonology of Old Saxon mirrors that of the other ancient Germanic languages, and also, to a lesser extent, that of modern West Germanic languages such as English, Dutch, Frisian, German, and Low German.

Old Saxon is an Ingvaeonic language, which means that it belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages and that it is particularly closely related to Old English and Old Frisian. Thus, anyone looking at Old Saxon phonology will recognize some typical West-Germanic phonological features also found in Old English, such as gemination and the different pronunciations of the letter g.

West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.
Osborne Macharia
Osborne Macharia (born 11 April 1986 in Nairobi) is a self-taught Kenyan commercial photographer and digital artist whose work focuses on themes of Afrofuturism in culture, identity, and fictional narratives. Macharia defines Afrofuturism as “an artistic repurposing of the post-colonial African narratives by integrating historical elements, present realities, and future aspirations of people of color, through narrative fantasy and fiction, to reimagine a new Africa.” He has been called "a master at creating alternate black universes."

Digital art
Digital art, or the digital arts, is artistic work that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentational process. It can also refer to computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe digital art, including computer art, electronic art, multimedia art, and new media art. Digital art includes pieces stored on physical media, such as with digital painting, as well as digital galleries on websites. Digital art also extends to the field of visual computing.
C.C.TAY
Aigerim Mergenbay (Kazakh: Әйгерім Мергенбай, Äigerım Mergenbai; born on April 17, 2000), known professionally as C. C. TAY, is a Kazakhstani singer and actress who is among the top five popstars of Kazakhstan. At the age of 5 years, she became the winner of the music contest “Aigölek” (Kazakh: Айгөлек). In 2018, she was invited to perform her debut single “Mümkin emes” (Kazakh: Мүмкін емес) in the gala concert at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest. Her first album "Tusimde Korem" reached number 3 on the iTunes Chart in Kazakhstan. The album track "Nege" was later used as the soundtrack of the web series "Suikimdi Stories". In 2018, she played the main role in Bayan Yessentayeva’s film “Sisitay.”

Pop icon
A pop icon is a celebrity, character, or object whose exposure in popular culture is regarded as constituting a defining characteristic of a given society or era. The usage of the term is largely subjective since there are no definitively objective criteria. The categorization is usually associated with elements such as longevity, ubiquity and distinction. Moreover, "pop icon" status is distinguishable from other kinds of notability outside pop culture, such as with historic figures. Some historic figures are recognized as having reached "pop icon" status during their era, and such status may continue into the present. Pop icons of previous eras include Benjamin Franklin and Mozart.
Media coverage of the Gaza War (2008–2009)
Media played an important part of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict. Foreign press access to Gaza has been limited since November 2008 via either Egypt or Israel. On 29 December 2008, the Israeli Supreme Court ordered that journalists be allowed into Gaza whenever the crossings were opened, but the IDF refused to comply. There have been arrests of journalists due to violations of wartime censorship in Israel, and these have been denounced by international press organizations. Media infrastructure, including Al-Aqsa TV transmission equipment and foreign and local press offices, were hit during the conflict. Media relations also played an important role, with the use of new media on the part of Israel, as well as a clear public relations campaign.

IDF Spokesperson's Unit
The IDF Spokesperson's Unit (Hebrew: דובר צה"ל, Dover Tzahal, abbr. Dotz) is the unit in the Operations Directorate of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), responsible for information policy and media relations. The unit is led by the IDF Spokesperson, a brigadier general and member of the General Staff, and by the Deputy Spokesperson, a colonel. Since March 2025 and as of June 2025 the spokesperson is Effie Defrin.

The International Media Branch of the unit is responsible for the administration of IDF communications with international media outlets, and for shaping the image of the IDF in the foreign public arena.
Burlington Northern Railroad
The Burlington Northern Railroad (reporting mark BN) was an American–based class 1 railroad company formed from a merger of four major U.S. railroads. Burlington Northern operated between March 2, 1970 and December 31, 1996.

Its historical lineage begins in the earliest days of railroading with the chartering in 1848 of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, a direct ancestor line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which lends Burlington, from Burlington, Iowa, to the names of various merger-produced successors.

Burlington Northern acquired the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 31, 1996, to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (later renamed BNSF Railway), which was owned by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. That corporation was purchased in 2009 by Berkshire Hathaway, which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
2021 Conference USA women's basketball tournament
The 2021 Conference USA women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for Conference USA that was held at The Ford Center at The Star in Frisco, Texas, from March 10 through March 13, 2021. Middle Tennessee won the tournament, its 17th title, earning a bid to the NCAA tournament.

Ford Center at The Star
Ford Center at The Star is a 12,000-seat stadium located in Frisco, Texas. It is mainly used as the Dallas Cowboys' practice facility. It is also used for Whataburger's Friday Night Stars, an event every Friday showcasing Frisco Independent School District high school varsity football. The synthetic turf surface is Hellas Matrix Helix Turf. The field's dimensions can also be marked for and accommodate a regulation soccer pitch and lacrosse field.
Reverianus
Saint Reverianus of Autun (French: Révérien, Rirand, also Revenerius, Rivianus, Reverentianus, Reveriano, Reverie) (died June 1, 273 AD) was a 3rd-century bishop of Autun and martyr. He is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. According to tradition, Reverianus was of Italian origin, he was sent by Pope Felix I to evangelize the Aedui, a Gallic people of Gallia Lugdunensis and is considered the "apostle of the Morvan".

Aedui
The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *Aiduoi, 'the Ardent'; Ancient Greek: Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in what is now the region of Burgundy during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Aedui had an ambiguous relationship with the Roman Republic, as well as other Gallic tribes. In 121 BC, they appealed to Rome against the Arverni and Allobroges. During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), they gave valuable though not whole-hearted support to Caesar, before eventually giving lukewarm support to Vercingetorix in 52. Although they were involved in the revolts of Iulius Sacrovir in 21 AD and Vindex in 68 AD, their aristocracy became highly Romanized under the Empire.
Daniel Lewis (triple jumper)
Daniel Lewis (born 8 November 1989) is a British athlete who specialises in the triple jump.

He competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games representing Jamaica where he finished in 7th place with a leap of 16.17m.

As a youth he competed at the English Schools' Athletics Championships in both the long jump and triple jump becoming a 4-time medalist and 2-time Champion. As a senior he received his first England call up in 2014 and again in 2016

English Schools' Athletics Championships
The English Schools' Athletics Championships are annual national athletics competitions organised by the English Schools' Athletic Association ESAA for students in England aged 12–18 for track and field, cross country and race walking.

The events are used to select the English team for the Schools International Athletics Board competitions (which involve England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland) and the ISF World Schools' Cross Country Championships and World Schools Track & Field Championships.
Karl L. Ericson
Karl Leslie "Red" Ericson (January 21, 1895 – August 25, 1965) was an American football and basketball coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football at Jamestown College—now known as the University of Jamestown—in Jamestown, North Dakota, for eight seasons, from 1922 to 1929, compiling a record of 23–28–4. Ericson was also the head basketball coach and athletic director at Jamestown.

Ericson was born on January 21, 1895, in Elroy, Wisconsin and moved to North Dakota at the age of 10. After graduating from Jamestown College, he taught and coached at Mandan High School in Mandan, North Dakota.

Jamestown, North Dakota
Jamestown is a city in and the county seat of Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 15,849 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth most populous city in North Dakota. Jamestown was founded in 1883 and is home to the University of Jamestown.
Marianne van der Torre
Marianne van der Torre (born 18 August 1961) is a Dutch former professional tennis player who was active during the 1980s.

She reached a highest singles ranking of world No. 84 in December 1981. During her career, van der Torre reached the second round of the singles event in two Grand Slam tournaments; the French Open (1981 and 1982) and the US Open (1981). Her best result at a Grand Slam championship was reaching the semifinal of the mixed-doubles event at the 1988 Australian Open, partnering Martin Davis.

In October 1981, she partnered with compatriot Nanette Schutte to win the doubles title at the Borden Classic in Kyoto, defeating Elizabeth Smylie and Kim Steinmetz in the final, in straight sets.

Van der Torre was a member of the Dutch Federation Cup team between 1981 and 1987, playing in a total of 19 ties and compiling an 18–13 win–loss record.

In 1980, she received the Tom Schreursprijs for best Dutch sports talent.

Elizabeth Smylie
Elizabeth Smylie (née Sayers, born 11 April 1963), sometimes known as Liz Smylie, is an Australian sports broadcaster and retired professional tennis player. During her career, she won four Grand Slam titles, one in women's doubles and three in mixed doubles. She also won three singles titles and 36 doubles titles on the tour. Liz also taught junior tennis players at Smith's Tennis Center, North Curl Curl. Sydney in the early 1990s.

Smylie transitioned into television commentary after 1997 following her playing career, working for the Nine Network on Wimbledon and the US Open and the Seven Network. For Seven she was notably the lead commentator for the famous 2003 Australian Open Women's Final between sisters Serena Williams and Venus Williams where Serena was trying to complete the career Grand Slam, which was specially held at night and watched by more than 2 million viewers in the five main capital cities in Australia.
Sanremo Music Festival 1983
The Sanremo Music Festival 1983 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 1983), officially the 33rd Italian Song Festival (33º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 33rd annual Sanremo Music Festival, held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo between 3 and 5 February 1983 and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was hosted by the actor Andrea Giordana, assisted by the trio of presenters of the musical show Discoring, Isabel Russinova, Anna Pettinelli, Emanuela Falcetti. Daniele Piombi and Roberta Manfredi hosted the segments from the Sanremo Casino, where a number of foreign guests performed.

The winner of the festival was Tiziana Rivale with the song "Sarà quel che sarà", while Matia Bazar won the Critics Award with "Vacanze romane".

Nino Manfredi
Saturnino "Nino" Manfredi (22 March 1921 – 4 June 2004) was an Italian actor, voice actor, director, screenwriter, playwright, comedian, singer, author, radio personality and television presenter.

He was one of the most prominent Italian actors in the commedia all'italiana genre. During his career he won several awards, including six David di Donatello awards, six Nastro d'Argento awards and the Prix de la première oeuvre (Best First Work Award) at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival for Between Miracles. Typically playing losers, marginalised, working-class characters yet "in possession of their dignity, morality, and underlying optimism", he was referred to as "one of the few truly complete actors in Italian cinema".
Ypsolopha chazariella
Ypsolopha chazariella is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is known from Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania and France. It has also been recorded from Finland, and it is thought that it was introduced to northern Europe with its food plant, which is a common decorative plant in Europe.

The larvae feed on Acer tataricum. Larvae can be found from late May to the middle of June.

Acer tataricum
Acer tataricum, the Tatar maple or Tatarian maple, is a species of maple widespread across central and southeastern Europe and temperate Asia, from Austria and Turkey, and in some circumscriptions, with a disjunct population in eastern Asia in northern and central China, Japan and the Russian Far East. The species is named after the Tatar peoples of southern Russia; the tree's name is similarly commonly also misspelled "Tartar" or "Tartarian" in English.
Worshipful Company of Salters
The Worshipful Company of Salters is one of the Great Twelve City Livery Companies, ranking 9th in order of precedence.

An ancient merchant guild associated with the salt trade, the Salters' Company originated in London as the Guild of Corpus Christi.

Salt road
A salt road (also known as a salt route, salt way, saltway, or salt trading route) refers to any of the prehistoric and historical trade routes by which essential salt was transported to regions that lacked it.

From the Bronze Age (in the 2nd millennium BC) fixed transhumance routes appeared, like the Ligurian drailles that linked the maritime Liguria with the alpages, long before any purposely-constructed roadways formed the overland routes by which salt-rich provinces supplied salt-starved ones.
Stary Adamów
Stary Adamów [ˈstarɨ aˈdamuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Aleksandrów Łódzki, 13 km (8 mi) west of Zgierz, and 17 km (11 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Aleksandrów Łódzki
Aleksandrów Łódzki ([alɛkˈsandruf ˈwut͡skʲi] ⓘ) is a town in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. It is a part of the Łódź metropolitan area. Aleksandrów Łódzki has an area of 13.82 square kilometres (5.34 square miles), and as of June 2022 its population was 22,160.
Mišši Śeśpĕl
Mišši Śeśpĕl (Russian: Михаил Сеспель, Chuvash: Ҫеҫпӗл Мишши; Chuvash Latin: Mišši Śeśpĕl; pronounced [ˈɕeɕpɘlʲmiʂˈʂɨ]; 1899 – 1922) was a Chuvash poet. Although he died prior to the establishment of the Soviet Union in December 1922, the Bolshevik writer-revolutionary is considered a founder of Soviet Chuvash poetry.

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
2016 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
The 2016 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the U.S. representative from the state of Vermont from Vermont's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on August 9.

Peter Welch, a Democrat who was first elected in 2006, announced he would run for reelection, rather than run for Governor of Vermont. Welch faced no opposition in the Democratic primary, and also won the Republican primary on write-in votes; Welch accepted both nominations. Welch was re-elected with 89.5% of the vote, with Erica Clawson of the Liberty Union Party receiving 10%.

Vermont's at-large congressional district
Vermont has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single at-large congressional district since the 1930 census, when the state lost its second seat, obsoleting its 1st and 2nd congressional districts. There were once six districts in Vermont, all of which were eliminated after various censuses.

Bernie Sanders (Independent) held the seat from 1991 until 2007, when he became a U.S. senator. Democrat Peter Welch, who succeeded Sanders in 2007, represented the state until 2023, when he was elected to succeed Patrick Leahy in the Senate. Progressive Democrat Becca Balint was elected to succeed Welch in the House for the 118th Congress. Balint is the first woman and LGBT person to represent Vermont, making Vermont the last state to be represented in Congress by a woman.
Gour Malda railway station
Gour Malda railway station is a railway station on the Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line of Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Purana Guamalati, Malda City of Malda district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Total 8 passenger trains stop at Gour Malda railway station. This railway station serves the Mohadipur and Gauḍa (city) area.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.