hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolai Brashman
Nikolai Dmitrievich Brashman (Russian: Никола́й Дми́триевич Брáшман; German: Nikolaus Braschmann; June 14, 1796 – 25 May [O.S. 13 May] 1866) was a Russian mathematician of Jewish-Austrian origin. He was a student of Joseph Johann Littrow, and the advisor of Pafnuty Chebyshev and August Davidov.

He was born in Neu-Raußnitz (today Rousínov in Czech Republic, then in Austrian Empire) and studied at the University of Vienna and Vienna Polytechnic Institute. In 1824 he moved to Saint Petersburg and then accepted a position at the Kazan University. In 1834 he became a professor of applied mathematics at the Moscow University. There he is best remembered as a founder of the Moscow Mathematical Society and its journal Matematicheskii Sbornik.

For his mechanics textbook, in 1836 Brashman was awarded the Demidov Prize by the Russian Academy of Sciences. The academy elected him a corresponding member in 1855. He died in Moscow in 1866.

TU Wien
TU Wien (German: Technische Universität Wien) is a public research university in Vienna, Austria.

The university's teaching and research are focused on engineering, computer science, and natural sciences. It currently has about 28,100 students (29% women), eight faculties, and about 5,000 staff members (3,800 academics).
33rd PMPC Star Awards for Television
The 33rd PMPC Star Awards for Television honored the best in Philippine television programming from 2018 until 2019, as chosen by the Philippine Movie Press Club. The ceremony will held on October 13, 2019, at the Henry Lee Irwin Theater in Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, and was aired in a delayed telecast by ABS-CBN on October 20, 2019. The ceremony was hosted by Kathryn Bernardo, Kim Chiu, Enchong Dee and Robi Domingo.

The nominations were announced by the Press on September 21, 2019.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
1991 Volvo PGA Championship
The 1991 Volvo PGA Championship was the 37th edition of the Volvo PGA Championship, an annual professional golf tournament on the European Tour. It was held 24–27 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.

The event was won by Seve Ballesteros, defeating Colin Montgomerie in a playoff. It was his second Volvo PGA Championship win.

Wentworth Club
Wentworth Club is a privately owned golf club and country club in Virginia Water, Surrey, on the south western fringes of London, not far from Windsor Castle. The club was founded in 1922. Beijing-based Reignwood Group bought the club in September 2014 and implemented a new debenture membership structure, starting at £100,000. The debenture is now estimated at £200,000.

Wentworth is home to the headquarters of the PGA European Tour, the professional golf tour. Each year, it hosts the Tour's PGA Championship, which is played on the club's West Course. Wentworth was the venue of the 1953 Ryder Cup and of the World Match Play Championship from 1964 until 2007.
Dioxopromethazine
Dioxopromethazine, sold under the trade name Prothanon (Lat. Dioxopromethazinum), is an phenothiazine antihistamine, which is widely used in clinical practice in the form of a racemate for the treatment of respiratory diseases or allergic diseases, commonly used in the form of hydrochloride or hydrogels, especially as eye drops. It was first developed and synthesized in the German Democratic Republic in 1967 and later introduced into clinical practice. It was widely used from the 1970s to 1990s, after which there was a proposal to remove Dioxopromethazine from the pharmaceutical market.

Hydrogel
A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous and permeable solids and at least 10% of water or other interstitial fluid. The solid phase is a water insoluble three dimensional network of polymers, having absorbed a large amount of water or biological fluids. Hydrogels have several applications, especially in the biomedical area, such as in hydrogel dressing. Many hydrogels are synthetic, but some are derived from natural materials. The term "hydrogel" was coined in 1894.
2011 African Women's Handball Champions League
The 2011 African Women's Handball Champions League was the 33rd edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from October 21–30 in Kaduna, Nigeria, contested by 9 teams and won by Atlético Petróleos de Luanda of Angola.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Geoffrey Congreve
Sir Geoffrey Cecil Congreve, 1st Baronet (19 July 1897 – 28 July 1941) was a British Royal Navy officer and landowner. He was the son of General Sir Walter Congreve and entered the Royal Naval College, Osborne in 1911.  During the First World Wr he served with the Grand Fleet.  In the post-war years Congreve served as aide-de-camp to his father, who was commander of the British Troops in Egypt and Palestine.  Congreve was granted the baronetcy intended for his father upon the latter's death in 1927.  The following year Congreve retired from the navy to take up farming and was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Staffordshire.

During the Second World War Congreve returned to the navy, taking command of the 16th Anti-Submarine Group of four naval trawlers with which he participated in the 1940 Namsos campaign.  He afterwards commanded a Q-boat, HMS Raven, and participated in amphibious operations. Congreve was killed in 1941 in Operation Chess, a commando raid on France.

Namsos campaign
The Namsos campaign, in Namsos, Norway, and vicinity took place between Anglo-French and Norwegian naval and military forces against German military, naval and air forces in April and early May 1940. It was one of the first occasions during the Second World War when British and French land forces fought the German Army.
William Valentine (politician)
William M. Valentine (born 1971/1972) is an American politician. He is a member for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 2A in Washington and Frederick counties. He was previously a candidate for the Frederick County Council in 2018.

Maryland House of Delegates District 2A
Maryland House of Delegates District 2A is one of the 67 districts that compose the Maryland House of Delegates. Along with subdistrict 2B, it makes up the 2nd district of the Maryland Senate. District 2A includes part of Washington County, and is represented by two delegates.
Ghost cell
A ghost cell is an enlarged eosinophilic epithelial cell with eosinophilic cytoplasm but without a nucleus. It has lost its nucleus and cytoplasmic contents, leaving behind only the cell membrane and sometimes remnants of the cell's structure. In pathology, ghost cells are often associated with certain types of tumors, such as pilomatricomas and calcifying odontogenic cysts, where they appear as pale, anucleate cells that have undergone degeneration or calcification.

The ghost cells indicate coagulative necrosis where there is cell death but retainment of cellular architecture. In histologic sections ghost cells are those which appear as shadow cells. They are dead cells. For example, in peripheral blood smear preparations, the RBCs are lysed and appear as ghost cells.

They are found in:

Craniopharyngioma (Rathke pouch)

Odontoma

Ameloblastic fibroma

Calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst)

Pilomatricoma

Blood smear
A blood smear, peripheral blood smear or blood film is a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and then stained in such a way as to allow the various blood cells to be examined microscopically. Blood smears are examined in the investigation of hematological (blood) disorders and are routinely employed to look for blood parasites, such as those of malaria and filariasis.
Llawa P'ukru
Llawa P'ukru (Quechua llawa broken glass with sharp edges, p'ukru hole, pit, gap in a surface, Hispanicized spelling Llaguapucro) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,200 m (17,060 ft) high. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Chicla District. Llawa P'ukru lies southwest of Sillaqaqa and Inka Kancha, east of Qunchupata and southeast of Quriqucha.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
Bombay Dockyard (Royal Navy)
Bombay Dockyard, or formally His Majesty's Indian Dockyard, Bombay, was originally a naval facility developed by the East India Company beginning in 1670. It was formally established as a Royal Navy Dockyard in 1811 and base of the East Indies Station when the Department of Admiralty in London took over it. The yard was initially managed by the Navy Board through its Resident Commissioner, Bombay until 1832 when administration of the yard was taken over by the Board of Admiralty.

After the Independence of India the dockyard was taken over by the Indian Navy.

Philip Dundas
Captain Philip Dundas (bapt. 7 May 1762 – 8 April 1807) was a Bombay Marine officer, politician and colonial administrator who served as president of the East India Marine Board and superintendent of Bombay. He returned to Britain and became a member of parliament and returned to the Far East to become governor of Prince of Wales Island.
Natural material
A natural material comes from plants, animals, or the earth, and has not been made by humans. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. Natural materials are used as building materials and clothing. Types include:

Biotic materials
Wood (rattan, bamboo, bark, etc.)

Plant fiber (coir, ramie, sisal, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, kenaf, moss, linen, abacá, etc.)

Animal fiber (wool, silk, alpaca, camel, angora, cashmere, mohair, etc.)

Inorganic material
Stone (flint, granite, limestone, obsidian, sandstone, sand, gems, glass, etc.)
Native metal (copper, iron, gold, silver, etc.)
Composites (clay, plasticine, etc.)

Other natural materials.
Soil

Building material
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings and other structures, like bridges. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many human-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.
Stefan Bonneau
Stefan Bonneau (born March 13, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player. Born in Middletown, Orange County, New York, Bonneau played high school basketball for Middletown. He then played for the SUNY Orange Colts of the NJCAA. After graduating, he enrolled in LIU Post to play for the Pioneers in NCAA Division II. In both his seasons with the Pioneers, Bonneau won the East Coast Conference (ECC) championships and was named All-ECC Player of the Year.

In 2012, he signed for the Windsor Express of the NBL Canada, with whom he won the 2014 NBL Canada Championship and was named NBL Canada Finals MVP. He later played in China, Denmark, Cyprus and Iceland where he led the Úrvalsdeild karla in scoring in 2015.

National Basketball League of Canada
The National Basketball League of Canada (NBL Canada; French: Ligue nationale de basketball du Canada) was a Canadian professional men's minor league basketball organization. The NBL Canada was founded in 2011, when three existing Premier Basketball League teams joined with four new franchises for the league's inaugural season. The league  changed in size multiple times and had four active teams in its final season, all in Ontario, but historically the NBLC had several located in the Atlantic provinces. The league's season typically ran  from November to April of the following year. The final league champions were the London Lightning, who defeated the Windsor Express 3–2 in the 2023 NBL Finals.

Following the conclusion of the 2023 NBLC season the four remaining NBLC teams, the KW Titans, London Lightning, Sudbury Five and Windsor Express, broke away from the NBLC and helped found the Basketball Super League along with president of The Basketball League, David Magley.
The Dennisons
The Dennisons were an English Merseybeat band, that emerged from the Liverpool scene in the early 1960s. Despite their background, and a couple of minor hit singles, they failed to achieve more than a local following and were unable to find a footing on the British Invasion. However, in 1963, Bob Wooler stated that "The Dennisons have created the biggest impact in Liverpool since the Beatles." The band's drummer, Clive Hornby, later became the actor best known for portraying Jack Sugden in British soap opera Emmerdale.

British Invasion
The British Invasion was a cultural phenomenon of the mid-late 1960s, when rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom and other aspects of British culture became popular in the United States with significant influence on the rising "counterculture" on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. British pop and rock groups such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Bee Gees, Gerry and the Pacemakers, the Who, the Kinks, the Zombies, Small Faces, the Dave Clark Five, the Spencer Davis Group, the Yardbirds, Them, Manfred Mann, the Searchers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Freddie and the Dreamers, the Hollies, Herman's Hermits,  Chad and Jeremy, Peter and Gordon, the Animals, the Moody Blues, the Mindbenders, the Troggs, John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, Cream, Traffic, the Pretty Things, and Procol Harum, as well as solo singers such as Dusty Springfield, Cilla Black, Petula Clark, Tom Jones, Donovan, Shirley Bassey and Marianne Faithfull were at the forefront of the "invasion."
Mississippi State University XV-11 Marvel
The Mississippi State University XV-11A Marvel was an experimental American STOL research aircraft of the 1960s. The MARVEL (Mississippi Aerophysics Research Vehicle with Extended Latitude) was a single-engined pusher monoplane fitted with a boundary layer control system. The first all-composite aircraft, it carried out its initial program of research on behalf of the US Army in the late 1960s, and was rebuilt in the 1980s as a proof-of-concept for a utility aircraft.

Experimental aircraft
An Experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts.

The term research aircraft or testbed aircraft, by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, such as weather research or geophysical surveying, similar to a research vessel.

The term "experimental aircraft" also has specific legal meaning in Australia, the United States and some other countries; usually used to refer to aircraft flown with an experimental certificate. In the United States, this also includes most homebuilt aircraft, many of which are based on conventional designs and hence are experimental only in name because of certain restrictions in operation.
Intramembranous ossification
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the gnathostome (excluding chondrichthyans such as sharks) skeletal system by which rudimentary bone tissue is created.
Intramembranous ossification is also an essential process during the natural healing of bone fractures and the rudimentary formation of bones of the head.

Unlike endochondral ossification, which is the other process by which bone tissue is created during fetal development, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification.

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
National Cyber Security Hall of Fame
The Global Cyber Security Hall of Fame, founded by Larry Letow and Rick Geritz, was established in 2012 to recognize the contributions of key individuals in the field of cyber security; its mission statement is "Respect the Past – Protect the Future". According to its website, it is designed to honor the innovative individuals and organizations which had the vision and leadership to create the fundamental building blocks for the cybersecurity Industry.  The organization also highlights major milestones in the industry's 40-year history through a timeline representation, which includes inductees and their corresponding accomplishments.

Bell–LaPadula model
The Bell–LaPadula model (BLP) is a state-machine model used for enforcing access control in government and military applications. It was developed by David Elliott Bell, and Leonard J. LaPadula, subsequent to strong guidance from Roger R. Schell, to formalize the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) multilevel security (MLS) policy. The model is a formal state transition model of computer security policy that describes a set of access control rules which use security labels on objects and clearances for subjects. Security labels range from the most sensitive (e.g., "Top Secret"), down to the least sensitive (e.g., "Unclassified" or "Public").
Nal-e Kanan
Nal-e Kanan (Persian: نعل‌کنان, also Romanized as Na‘l-e Kanān) is a village in Donbaleh Rud-e Shomali Rural District, Dehdez District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 236, in 49 families.

Donbaleh Rud-e Shomali Rural District
Donbaleh Rud-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان دنباله‌رود شمالی) is in the Central District of Dezpart County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Deh Kian. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Bajul, and prior to that, the village of Bozorg Shivand.
Grit Fell
Grit Fell is a lonely hill between Clougha Pike and Ward's Stone in the Forest of Bowland in Lancashire, England. Covered by heather and large bogs, it is difficult walking country. The path from Jubilee Tower car park in the south is difficult and treacherous, with sheer-sided bogs 6 feet (1.83 m) deep. The path from Clougha Pike in the west is better, but still contains bogs crossed by the odd plank of wood. The path from Ward's Stone is the most treacherous of all. Crossing Cabin Flat, it weaves its way across hidden pools of stagnant water, the presence of which is betrayed by a form of red grass.

The summit is fairly inconspicuous, with only cairns and a wall.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
Songkhla Hospital
Songkhla Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลสงขลา) is one of the two main hospitals of Songkhla Province, Thailand, operated by the Ministry of Public Health the other being the larger Hatyai Hospital. It is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a general hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors for the Faculty of Medicine of Princess of Naradhiwas University. It is an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University.

Princess of Naradhiwas University
Princess of Naradhiwas University (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยนราธิวาสราชนครินทร์; RTGS: Mahawitthayalai Narathiwat Ratchanakharin; PNU) is a government sponsored university in Narathiwat, southern Thailand. It was founded under the act on 9 February 2005 by merging all educational institutions in the province. Those institutions are Narathiwat Technical College, Narathiwat Agricultural & Technology College, Takbai Vocational College, and Boromarjonani College of Nursing, Narathiwat.

The name of the university was granted by King Bhumibol Adulyadej in honor of his sister Princess Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Naradhiwas. The university also runs an academic journal.