hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Well (film)
Old Well (Chinese: 老井) is a 1987 Chinese film written by Zheng Yi about a village worker's effort of digging a well in his water-starved hometown located in northwest China and his affairs with his old girlfriend. It is produced by Xi'an Film Studio and directed by Wu Tianming, starring Zhang Yimou and Liang Yujin.

The film won the 8th Golden Rooster awards for Best Picture, Director, Leading Male Actor, and Supporting Female Actor in 1988. The film also won the Best Feature Film and Leading Male Actor awards at the 1987 Tokyo International Film Festival.

The film is based on the novel of the same name, also written by Zheng Yi, first published in China. It was translated by David Kwan to English and published in 1990 by China Books & Periodicals in the United States.

Wu Tianming
Wu Tianming (simplified Chinese: 吴天明; traditional Chinese: 吳天明; pinyin: Wú Tiānmíng; December 5, 1939 – March 4, 2014) was a Chinese film director and producer who was considered one of the leading "Fourth Generation" directors. He is best known for his film The King of Masks (1995).
Disappearance of Tiphaine Véron
Tiphaine Véron is a French tourist who went missing in Japan at age 36, on 29 July 2018. She had traveled alone to the rural city of Nikkō in Tochigi Prefecture, about 150 km north of Tokyo. She was last seen having breakfast in her hotel.

The case has drawn attention due to perceived contrasts in investigative procedures between Japan and Western or European approaches to missing persons.

In January 2023, the investigation was reopened in France by the cold case unit of Nanterre, which announced plans to travel to Nikkō in early 2024.

Nanterre
Nanterre (/nɒ̃ˈtɛər/; French: [nɑ̃tɛʁ] ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located some 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest of the centre of Paris.  As of 2023, the population of the commune was 97,783.

The eastern part of Nanterre, bordering the communes of Courbevoie and Puteaux, contains a small part of the La Défense business district of Paris and some of the tallest buildings in the Paris region. Because the headquarters of many major corporations are located in La Défense, the court of Nanterre is well known in the media for the number of high-profile lawsuits and trials that take place in it. The city of Nanterre also includes the Paris West University Nanterre La Défense, one of the largest universities in the Paris region.

Inhabitants are called Nanterrien(ne)s or Nanterrois(es).
Optical rectification
Electro-optic rectification (EOR), also referred to as optical rectification, is a non-linear optical process that consists of the generation of a quasi-DC polarization in a non-linear medium at the passage of an intense optical beam. For typical intensities, optical rectification is a second-order phenomenon which is based on the inverse process of the electro-optic effect. It was reported for the first time in 1962, when radiation from a ruby laser was transmitted through potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and potassium dideuterium phosphate (KDdP) crystals.

Potassium dideuterium phosphate
Deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KD2PO4 or K2H2PO4) or DKDP single crystals are widely used in non-linear optics as the second, third and fourth harmonic generators for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers. They are also found in electro-optical applications as Q-switches for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, alexandrite and Ti-sapphire lasers, as well as for Pockels cells.

DKDP is monopotassium phosphate (KDP, or KH2PO4), but using deuterium. Replacement of hydrogen by deuterium in DKDP lowers the frequency of O–H vibrations and their overtones (high-order harmonics). Absorption of light by those overtones is detrimental for the infrared lasers, which DKDP and KDP crystals are used for. Consequently, despite higher cost, DKDP is more popular than KDP.

DKDP crystals are grown by a water-solution method at usual level of deuteration >98%.
Courtney Hawkins (hurdler)
Courtney Hawkins (born July 11, 1967) is an American former track and field athlete who competed in the sprint hurdles. He was a medallist at the Pan American Games and the IAAF World Indoor Championships in 1995. He holds personal bests of 13.17 seconds for the 110-meter hurdles and 7.41 seconds for the 60-meter hurdles. He won one national title in his career, taking the 60 m event at the USA Indoor Track and Field Championships in 1996.

World Athletics Indoor Championships
The World Athletics Indoor Championships are a biennial indoor track and field competition served as the global championship for that version of the sport. Organised by the World Athletics, the competition was inaugurated as the World Indoor Games in 1985 in Paris, France and were subsequently renamed to IAAF World Indoor Championships in 1987. The current name was adapted with the name change of the sports governing body in 2019.

They have been held every two years except for when they were held in consecutive years 2003 and 2004 to facilitate the need for them to be held in alternate years to the outdoor World Athletics Championships in the future, and in 2024, 2025, and 2026. The Championships due to be held in China in 2020 were postponed because of the COVID pandemic, as were the attempted running of the China edition in then 2021 and 2023, eventually being scheduled for 2025. Two standard editions of the Championships were held in 2022 and 2024.
BB postcode area
The BB postcode area, also known as the Blackburn postcode area, is a group of thirteen postcode districts in north-west England, within nine post towns. These cover east Lancashire, including Blackburn, Burnley, Accrington, Barnoldswick, Clitheroe, Colne, Darwen, Nelson and Rossendale.

Mail for the BB postcode area is processed at Preston Mail Centre, along with mail for the PR, FY and LA postcode areas.

Rossendale Valley
The Rossendale Valley is in the Rossendale area of Lancashire, England, between the West Pennine Moors and the main range of the Pennines. The area includes the steep-sided valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries (between Rawtenstall and Bacup), which flow southwards into Greater Manchester. The rivers cut through the moorland of the Rossendale Hills, generally characterized by open unwooded land, despite the ancient designation of "forest".
Koptevo (Moscow Central Circle)
Koptevo (Russian: Коптево) is a station on the Moscow Central Circle of the Moscow Metro that opened in November 2016 in Moscow, Russia.

The station is named for the Koptevo District of Moscow where it is situated.

Koptevo District
Koptevo (Russian: райо́н Кóптево) is a neighbourhood and an administrative district in the Northern Administrative Okrug, in Moscow, Russia adjacent to the Timiryazev Academy Park and its Academic Pond and covering an area of 5.08 square kilometers (1.96 sq mi). Its population was 100,642 in 2021. Today it is a green and quiet residential neighbourhood with apartment blocks built in 1930-1970, that also houses a number of faculties of Moscow universities as well as certain specialized medical clinics.
Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan border
The Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan border is 2,330 km (1,450 mi) long and runs from the tripoint with Turkmenistan to the tripoint with Kyrgyzstan. It is Uzbekistan's longest external boundary. The Uzbek capital Tashkent is situated just 13 km (8.1 mi) from this border.

Saryagash
Saryagash (Kazakh: Сарыағаш, Saryağaş) is a town and the administrative center of Saryagash District in Turkistan Region of southern Kazakhstan. Population: 38,848 (2009 census results); 25,914 (1999 census results).

It is located on the border with Uzbekistan, and is roughly 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Uzbekistan's capital Tashkent.
1996 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 1996 World Allround Speed Skating Championships were held on 14–16 February 1997 in the Ludwig-Schwabl-Stadion stadium in Inzell, Germany. This was the first World Championships where men and women competed at the same time and venue.

Title defenders were the 1995 world champions Gunda Niemann from Germany and Rintje Ritsma from the Netherlands. Both prolongated their titles.

Rintje Ritsma
Robert Rintje Ritsma (born 13 April 1970) is a Dutch former long track speed skater. His nickname is the Beer van Lemmer, which translates to the "Bear from Lemmer", analogous to Igor Zhelezovski's nickname "The Bear from Minsk", both of which are in reference to their imposing physical appearance.

He appeared in the Dutch version of The Masked Singer as the Springbok.

In October 2022 Ritsma started as the Dutch national speed skating coach of the team pursuit, team sprint, and the mass start.
Dadar Assembly constituency
Dadar Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha, in India. It was a segment of Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency. Dadar seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was merged into Mahim seat in 2008.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Science-Fiction Handbook
Science-Fiction Handbook, subtitled The Writing of Imaginative Fiction, is a guide to writing and marketing science fiction and fantasy by L. Sprague de Camp, "one of the earliest books about modern sf." The original edition was published in hardcover by Hermitage House in 1953 as a volume in its Professional Writers Library series. A revised edition, by L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp, titled Science Fiction Handbook, Revised, was published in hardcover by Owlswick Press in 1975 and as a trade paperback by McGraw-Hill in 1977. An E-book version of the revised edition was published by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint on April 30, 2014.

George H. Scithers
George H. Scithers (May 14, 1929 – April 19, 2010) was an American science fiction fan, author and  editor.

A long-time member of the World Science Fiction Society, he published a fanzine starting in the 1950s, wrote short stories, and moved on to edit several prominent science fiction magazines, as well as a number of anthologies. As editor emeritus of Weird Tales, he lectured at the Library of Congress in 2008. Wildside Press published his most recent book, Cat Tales: Fantastic Feline Fiction, in 2008.
1985 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
David Dowlen and Nduka Odizor were the defending champions, but both players chose to compete at Sydney during the same week.

Scott Davis and David Pate won the title by defeating Sammy Giammalva Jr. and Greg Holmes 7–6(7–3), 6–7(6–8), 6–3 in the final.

David Dowlen
David Dowlen (born February 8, 1960) is an American former professional tennis player.

Dowlen won the USTA National Boys 18 Championship in 1978. After, he was a leading player on the University of Houston tennis team.

Dowlen enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career, he won four doubles titles. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 30 in 1984. He achieved much of his success alongside doubles partner Nduka Odizor, including beating John McEnroe.
Halıcı
Halıcı (IPA: [haˈlɯdʒɯ]) or Halici is a Turkish surname. It is derived from the Turkish noun of Persian origin halı (cf. Persian: قالی (qâli)) with the meaning "carpet" by adding the Turkish agentive suffix -cı and originally denoted a person either weaving or selling carpets or rugs. Notable people with the surname include:

Mehdi Halıcı (1927–2008), Turkish novelist

Nevin Halıcı (born 1941), Turkish writer

Nevin Halıcı
Nevin Halıcı is a Kurdish writer, cultural anthropologist and lecturer on Turkish cuisine. Her book "Nevin Halici's Turkish Cookbook" was the first published cookbook translated from Turkish to English. She has published many cookbooks mostly in Turkish. Those translated into English included books on Sufi cuisine, a type of Islamic cooking. She also writes about regional Turkish cooking, and Ottoman cuisine. Halıcı is the sister of lawyer and writer Mehdi Halıcı. She has been described as "a sort of Turkish Paul Prudhomme".
Krein's condition
In mathematical analysis, Krein's condition provides a necessary and sufficient condition for exponential sums

to be dense in a weighted L2 space on the real line. It was discovered by Mark Krein in the 1940s. A corollary, also called Krein's condition, provides a sufficient condition for the indeterminacy of the moment problem.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Anton von Petz
Anton Freiherr von Petz (21 January 1819, Venitze, Transylvania – 7 May 1885, Trieste) was an Austrian Navy officer.

In 1837, Petz graduated from the Imperial Naval Cadet School at Venice into the Imperial and Royal Navy, in which he attained the rank of vice admiral. He was created Knight of the Military Order of Maria Theresa.

He had a notable role during the Battle of Lissa in 1866, commanding the 2nd Division, which consisted of unarmored ships. He flew his flag aboard Kaiser, and during the battle his ship rammed the Italian ironclad Re di Portogallo. Later, in 1869, he undertook an expedition to the Far East and South America.

Italian ironclad Re di Portogallo
Re di Portogallo was an ironclad warship built for the Italian Regia Marina in the 1860s, the second and final member of the Re d'Italia class. She was laid down at the William H. Webb Shipyard in New York in December 1861, was launched in August 1863, and was completed a year later in August 1864; the two Re d'Italia-class ships were the only Italian ironclads built in the United States. The ships were broadside ironclads, armed with a battery of six 72-pounder guns and thirty-two 164 mm (6.5 in) guns.

Re di Portogallo saw action at the Battle of Lissa during the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. She engaged several Austrian wooden vessels in the melee, including ship of the line Kaiser, which rammed Re di Portogallo but inflicted no significant damage. The ship's career after the war was very limited; in 1871, she was converted into a training ship. By 1875, her wooden hull was found to have deteriorated badly, and so she was broken up for scrap.
Acinetobacter nectaris
Acinetobacter nectaris is a gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from floral nectar pollinated by Mediterranean insects in the Doñana National Park in the Huelva Province in Spain. Bacterial communities, including microbes identified as A. nectaris are closely associated with plant communities; other strains of bacteria (Gluconoacetobacter, Erwinia and Rhizobium) have been found in environments that mother bees visit. This bacterium was first characterized in 2013.

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
William McCanlis
Captain William McCanlis (30 October 1840 – 19 November 1925) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club between 1862 and 1877 and later became known for his role in coaching young cricketers at the county's Tonbridge Nursery. He was born at Woolwich, then considered to be part of Kent but now in London, and died at Westcombe Park in Blackheath.

Woolwich
Woolwich (/ˈwʊlɪtʃ, -ɪdʒ/) is a market town in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throughout the 16th to 20th centuries. After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation, the area now has several large-scale urban renewal projects.
Pristimantis viejas
Pristimantis viejas is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Andes of Colombia and is known from eastern flanks/base of the northern Cordillera Central and from western flank of the Cordillera Oriental. The specific name viejas is a Spanish expression meaning "pretty young women", in reference to three biologist who had studied this species.

Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Oriental (English: Eastern Ranges) is the widest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north, dividing from the Colombian Massif in Huila Department to Norte de Santander Department where it splits into the Serranía del Perijá and the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuelan Andes. The highest peak is Ritacuba Blanco at 5,410 m (17,750 ft) in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.
Michael Conway (senator)
Michael Conway was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from April to September 1938. He was elected to the 2nd Seanad in April 1938 by the Labour Panel. He did not contest the August 1938 Seanad election.

Labour Panel
The Labour Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Labour Panel elects eleven senators.
Hypostomus heraldoi
Hypostomus heraldoi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Corumbá River and Rio Grande basins in the upper Paraná River drainage in Brazil. It is typically found in turbid waters with a substrate composed of rocks with some amount of sand. It is known to be syntopic with other loricariid species in the genus Hypostomus, including Hypostomus ancistroides, H. denticulatus, H. iheringii, H. margaritifer, and H. regani. The species reaches 23.6 cm (9.3 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Hypostomus heraldoi was described in 2008 by Cláudio H. Zawadzki (of the State University of Maringá), Claude Weber, and C. S. Pavanelli (also of the State University of Maringá), alongside the aforementioned related and syntopic species H. denticulatus.

Hypostomus regani
Hypostomus regani is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Paraná River, the Paraguay River, and the Uruguay River. The species reaches 41 cm (16 in) SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Leonid Pozen
Leonid Vladimirovitch Pozen (born February 26, 1849, Obolon, Poltava Oblast — January 8, 1921, Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg)) was a Russo-Ukrainian  sculptor and politician. Most of his works were made using wax and then cast in bronze at the K. Werfel factory in St Petersburg. His early works show his attraction to animal sculpture. His realism placed Pozen alongside the painters Vasily Perov, Grigory Myasoyedov, and Ivan Kramskoy.

Vasily Perov
Vasily Grigorevich Perov (Russian: Василий Григорьевич Перов; 2 January 1834 [O.S. 21 December 1833] – 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1882) was a Russian painter, a key figure of the Russian Realist movement and one of the founding members of Peredvizhniki.
James Martin Eder
James Martin Eder (June 24, 1838 – December 26, 1921), known in Colombia as Santiago Martín Eder Kaiser, don Santiago Eder or simply "El Fundador", was a Russian-American-Colombian businessman who is considered the pioneer of Colombia’s  sugar industry, and is widely recognized as one of that country's leading 19th-century industrial pioneers.

Sugar industry
The sugar industry subsumes the production, processing and marketing of sugars (mostly sucrose and fructose).  In 2017, worldwide production of table sugar amounted to 185 million tonnes.

Sugar is used for soft drinks, sweetened beverages, convenience foods, fast food, candy, confectionery, baked products, and other sweetened foods. Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum. Sugarcane produces several valuable byproducts that play a significant role in supporting economic growth.

Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand. There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.
Tornado outbreak of August 28, 1884
On August 28, 1884, a tornado outbreak, including a family of at least five strong tornadoes, affected portions of the Dakota Territory within present-day South Dakota. Among them was one of the first known tornadoes to have been photographed, an estimated F4 on the Fujita scale, that occurred near Howard and exhibited multiple vortices. Another violent tornado also occurred near Alexandria, and three other tornadoes were also reported. A sixth tornado also occurred in present-day Davison County. In all, the tornadoes killed at least seven people and injured at least two others. Contemporary records and survivors' recollections indicate that the storms were F3 or F4 intensity on the Fujita scale, but cannot currently be officially verified, as official records begin in 1950.

Davison County, South Dakota
Davison County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,956, making it the 10th most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Mitchell. The county was created in 1873 and organized in 1874. It was named for Henry C. Davison, the first settler in the county.

Davison County is part of the Mitchell, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Kaygold
Kaygold LLC (aka KayGold) was Jack Abramoff's primary front organization for funneling tribal moneys in the Gimme Five scheme to his personal accounts. Its registered address was Abramoff's home address; on the National Center for Public Policy Research's 2003 Tax Form 990, Kaygold's address was listed as his work address at Greenberg Traurig.

In only nine months of 2002, more than $12 million was transferred from Michael Scanlon's Capitol Campaign Strategies to Kaygold, including a $2,266,250 check on September 12, 2002 [Roll Call, 3/23/04].

The National Center for Public Policy Research funneled $1.275 million from the International Interactive Alliance received through Abramoff's lobbying firm Greenberg Traurig in 2003 to Kaygold.

Through Kaygold and Livsar, another of Abramoff's dummy corporations, Abramoff contributed $2000 to David Catania's campaign.

David Catania
David A. Catania (born January 16, 1968) is an American politician and lawyer from Washington, D.C. He was formerly an at-large member of the Council of the District of Columbia, which he gave up to pursue an unsuccessful run in the 2014 mayoral election.