hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (abbreviated MESA) is an ongoing medical study which aims to investigate the characteristics of subclinical atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, and to determine risk factors for its progression to the clinically overt form of these diseases. Sponsored by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, MESA was begun in July 2000, and it follows a population-based sample of 6,814 American men and women aged 45 to 84, recruited from six field centers. The diverse sample consists of 38% White subjects, 28% African American, 22% Hispanic, and 12% Asian (primarily Chinese). Over 2,500 peer-reviewed papers have been published based on MESA and its 145 independent ancillary studies (as of 2025).

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the third largest Institute of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland, United States. It is tasked with allocating about $3.6 billion in FY 2020 in tax revenue to advancing the understanding of the following issues: development and progression of disease, diagnosis of disease, treatment of disease, disease prevention, reduction of health care disparities within the American population, and advancing the effectiveness of the US medical system. NHLBI's Director is Gary H. Gibbons (2012–present).
Sergey Lisovsky
Sergey Fedorovich Lisovsky (Russian: Серге́й Фёдорович Лисо́вский; born 25 April 1960, Moscow) is a Russian politician, who was a member of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in 2004–2020, a representative of the Kurgan Regional Duma. TV host channel RBC TV. In the past - the entrepreneur. Candidate of Philology (2000). Member of the General Council of the party United Russia. It is one of the pioneers of the Russian social and political advertisements and an acknowledged expert on the contemporary electoral technologies.

Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast (Russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, romanized: Kurganskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 776,661, down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.
Upavon Priory
51°17′42″N 1°48′22″W﻿ / ﻿51.295°N 1.806°W﻿ / 51.295; -1.806

Upavon Priory was a small priory in Wiltshire, England.

Domesday Book in 1086 recorded land at Upavon held by the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Wandrille, Normandy. A priory was probably established in the 12th century, and in the 13th the church became a prebend of Salisbury. A valuation in 1324 found livestock, two horses, two beds, three tables and sparse chapel fittings. Around this time the nearby church at Charlton St Peter had been appropriated to the priory.

Monks of alien priories were expelled from England in 1378, and the priory became a farm. In 1423 Upavon Priory was granted to the Augustinian canons of Ivychurch Priory, south-east of Salisbury, who held it until the Dissolution.

There are intermittent records of priors of Upavon between 1262 and 1361. The last remaining building, a barn on a site between the church and the River Avon, was demolished in the early 1820s.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
Lens Creek
Lens Creek is a tributary of the Kanawha River, 6.4 miles (10.3 km) long, in West Virginia in the United States.  Via the Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 19.9 square miles (52 km2) on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau, in the Charleston metropolitan area.

Lens Creek flows for its entire length in Kanawha County. It rises approximately 2.7 miles (4.3 km) north-northwest of the unincorporated community of Bloomingrose and flows generally northeastward through the unincorporated community of Hernshaw.  It flows into the Kanawha River in the city of Marmet.  The creek is paralleled for most of its course by West Virginia Route 94.

The creek was named after Leonard "Len" Morris, a pioneer settler.

Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau
The Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau is located in an arc around southeastern Ohio, West Virginia, into western Pennsylvania and a small portion of southwestern New York State.

This area is a dissected plateau, characterized by sandstone, shale, and many coal seams. This is the part of the Allegheny Plateau that lies outside the continental glaciation of the ice age.
Etcetera Theatre
The Etcetera Theatre is a fringe venue for theatre and comedy. It was founded in 1986 by David Bidmead and is situated above The Oxford Arms pub in Camden Town, in the London Borough of Camden.

The Theatre won the 1996 Guinness Ingenuity Award for Pub Theatre and was nominated for the 1996 Peter Brook Empty Space Award.

The Etcetera is a key venue in August's Camden Fringe.

Jerry Sadowitz
Jerry Sadowitz (born June 1961) is an American-born Scottish stand-up comedian and magician.

Notorious for his  controversial brand of black comedy, Sadowitz has said that audiences going to see a comedian should suspend their beliefs. He has influenced a generation of comedians, but states that "politically incorrect comedy: it's me, and it's been ripped off by loads and loads of comics". In 2007, he was voted the 15th-greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups. In the 2010 list, he was voted the 33rd-greatest stand-up comic.

Sadowitz is also widely acclaimed as one of the best close-up magicians in the world and an accomplished practitioner of sleight of hand, having written several books on magic and invented several conjuring innovations.
Across the Sea of Suns (album)
Across the Sea of Suns is a Jefferson Starship live album.  The album was produced by using recordings from four different live venues: The Bottom Line in New York City; The IMAC at Huntington, New York; New Park Entertainment in Philadelphia; and The Keswick Theatre in Glenside, Pennsylvania. The album had further studio production at American Recording in Calabasas, California. Most of the tracks used for the final album were from The Bottom Line, and none of the tracks recorded in Philadelphia were used. The album was released as a double CD. Grace Slick provided liner notes, writing her own thoughts about sixteen of the songs included.

Glenside, Pennsylvania
Glenside is a census-designated place (CDP) located in Cheltenham Township and Abington Township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It borders Northwest Philadelphia. The population was 7,737 at the 2020 census on a land area of  1.3 square miles.

Glenside is most notable for its entertainment, including Keswick Theatre, restaurants, recreational facilities, and parks. Glenside station is one of the busiest in the SEPTA system. Glenside is located approximately eleven miles from Center City Philadelphia.
Transfiguration (Raphael)
The Transfiguration is the last painting by the Italian High Renaissance master Raphael. Cardinal Giulio de Medici – who later became Pope Clement VII (in office: 1523–1534) – commissioned the work, conceived as an altarpiece for Narbonne Cathedral in France; Raphael worked on it in the years preceding his death in 1520. The painting exemplifies Raphael's development as an artist and the culmination of his career. Unusually for a depiction of the Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art, the subject is combined with the next episode from the Gospels (the healing of a possessed boy) in the lower part of the painting.
The work is now in the  Pinacoteca Vaticana in the Vatican City.

From the late 16th century until the early 20th century, various commentators regarded it as the most famous oil painting in the world.

High Renaissance
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started between 1490 and 1500, and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say the High Renaissance ended about 1525, or in 1527 with the Sack of Rome by the mutinous army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or about 1530. The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. In the 21st century, the use of the term has been frequently criticized by some academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.
Pack-year
A pack-year is a clinical quantification of cigarette smoking used to measure a person's exposure to tobacco. This is used to assess their risk of developing lung cancer or other pathologies related to tobacco use. However, it is difficult to rely on the assessment based on the pack-year due to the different nature of the packaging by different companies.

Quantification (science)
In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into quantities. Quantification in this sense is fundamental to the scientific method.
2004 Hong Kong Sevens
The 2004 Hong Kong Sevens was an international rugby sevens tournament that took place at the Hong Kong Stadium between 26 and 28 March 2004. It was the 29th edition of the Hong Kong Sevens and was the fifth tournament of the 2003–04 World Sevens Series. Twenty-four teams competed in the tournament and were separated into six groups of four with the top eight teams qualifying through to the cup tournament.

After winning all three of their group stage matches, England took out the Hong Kong title for the third year running, defeating Argentina in the cup final 22–12. The plate-final saw Scotland defeat France while the Cook Islands took home the bowl defeating Japan.

France national rugby sevens team
The France national rugby sevens team competes in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Rugby World Cup Sevens, and other international tournaments. France's best finish in the World Series has been finishing in first (Grand Finals), which they accomplished in 2023–24. France are the reigning Olympic champions, having defeated reigning champions Fiji in the final in 2024.
2022 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2022 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix (officially known as the Gran Premio Motul de la Comunitat Valenciana) was the twentieth and final round of the 2022 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It was held at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia on 6 November 2022.

The MotoGP riders' championship was decided in this race between Fabio Quartararo and Francesco Bagnaia. Bagnaia secured his first MotoGP riders' title after finishing in ninth, as Quartararo's fourth-place-finish was eventually not enough to successfully defend his title. This was also the last race for Suzuki as a factory team in the premier class since they returned in 2015.

In the Moto2 class, Augusto Fernández claimed the riders' title by finishing in second behind Pedro Acosta as his closest championship rival Ai Ogura retired after an accident. This was also the final Grand Prix in Moto2 for Simone Corsi, Cameron Beaubier, and Marcel Schrötter.

Simone Corsi
Simone Corsi (born 24 April 1987) is an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle sporting director, and former rider. Born in Rome, Corsi has been racing in motorcycle world championships for twenty years, amassing over 300 races, 5th all-time, behind only Valentino Rossi, Andrea Dovizioso, Aleix Espargaró and Loris Capirossi. He most recently competed in the Supersport World Championship for Ducati, and currently serves as the sporting director for Forward Racing in Moto2.
Table tennis at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's individual – Class 8
The Women's Individual Class 8 table tennis competition at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held between 7 September and 11 September at the Peking University Gymnasium.

Classes 6–10 were for athletes with a physical impairment who competed from a standing position; the lower the number, the greater the impact the impairment had on an athlete's ability to compete.

The event was won by Thu Kamkasomphou, representing  France.

France at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
France sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. France sent 119 athletes, who competed in 13 sports: archery, athletics, cycling, equestrian, wheelchair fencing, powerlifting, judo, sailing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, wheelchair tennis. There were some competitors that competed in rowing which made its debut in the Games.

The country's flagbearer during the Games' opening ceremony was Assia El'Hannouni, who won four gold medals at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.
Joe Sullivan (pitcher)
Joe Sullivan (September 26, 1910 – April 8, 1985) was a left-handed American baseball pitcher.

Sullivan played professional baseball from 1931 to 1949, including five seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers (1935–36), Boston Bees / Braves (1939–41), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1941). In five major league seasons, he compiled a record of 30–37 with a 4.01 earned run average (ERA). A knuckleball specialist, Sullivan once pitched 12 straight scoreless innings as a relief pitcher.

Knuckleball
A knuckleball or knuckler is a baseball pitch thrown to minimize the spin of the ball in flight, causing an erratic, unpredictable motion. The air flow over a seam of the ball causes the ball to change from laminar to turbulent flow. This change adds a deflecting force to the baseball, making it difficult for batters to hit but also difficult for pitchers to control and catchers to catch. Umpires are challenged as well, as the ball's irregular motion through the air makes it harder to call balls and strikes. A pitcher who throws knuckleballs is known as a knuckleballer.
Lesbian erotica
Lesbian erotica is artistic depiction of lesbianism, which is the expression of female-on-female sexuality. Lesbianism has been a theme in erotic art since at least the time of ancient Rome, but much of the written material from the early modern period has been destroyed.

For much of the history of cinema and television, lesbianism was considered taboo. Since the 1960s, lesbian erotica has increasingly become a genre in its own right. Lesbian sexual content made its way into softcore movies and erotic thrillers.

Shunga
Shunga (春画) is a type of Japanese erotic art typically executed as a kind of ukiyo-e, often in woodblock print format.  While rare, there are also extant erotic painted handscrolls which predate ukiyo-e. Translated literally, the Japanese word shunga means picture of spring; "spring" is a common euphemism for sex.

Shunga, as a subset of ukiyo-e, was enjoyed by all social groups in the Edo period, despite being out of favor with the shogunate. The ukiyo-e movement sought to idealize contemporary urban living and appeal to the new chōnin class. Shunga followed the aesthetics of everyday life and widely varied in its depictions of sexuality. Most ukiyo-e artists made shunga at some point in their careers.
Johan August Sandels
Count Johan August Sandels (31 August 1764 – 22 January 1831) was a Swedish soldier and politician, being appointed Governor-general of Norway (Riksståthållare in Swedish, Rigsstatholder in Dano-Norwegian) 1818 and Field Marshal in 1824. He also served as acting Governor of Stockholm in 1815.

Dano-Norwegian
Dano-Norwegian (Danish and Norwegian: dansk-norsk) was a koiné/mixed language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union between the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway (1536/1537–1814). It is from this koiné that the unofficial written standard Riksmål and the official written standard Bokmål developed. Bokmål is now the most widely used written standard of contemporary Norwegian.
Minuyoc
22°32′S 66°14′W﻿ / ﻿22.533°S 66.233°W﻿ / -22.533; -66.233

Minuyoc is a lava dome complex in the Andes.

The Altiplano-Puna has been affected by volcanic activity for a long time, with the oldest volcanism occurring during the Ordovician. At least four different phases of volcanic activity occurred during the Cenozoic, each of them preceded by episodes of crustal deformation.

The Minuyoc dome complex has a volume of 0.15 cubic kilometres (0.036 cu mi) and formed at an intersection of faults. Breccias, tuffs and dacite lavas were formed during its eruption sequence. The age of the dome is unknown. Minerals in its rocks include amphibole, biotite, orthopyroxene and plagioclase.

Amphibole
Amphibole (/ˈæmfəboʊl/ AM-fə-bohl) is a group of inosilicate minerals, forming prism or needlelike crystals, composed of double chain SiO4 tetrahedra, linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structures. Its IMA symbol is Amp. Amphiboles can be green, black, colorless, white, yellow, blue, or brown. The International Mineralogical Association currently classifies amphiboles as a mineral supergroup, within which are two groups and several subgroups.
Somnus (horse)
Somnus is a retired British champion Thoroughbred racehorse. One of the best European two-year-olds in 2002, he developed into a leading sprinter the following year when he won the Group One Haydock Sprint Cup. As a four-year-old he won two more Group One races in France- the Prix Maurice de Gheest (2004) and the Prix de la Forêt- and was named European Champion Sprinter at the Cartier Racing Awards. He continued racing until being retired in 2008 at the age of eight, having won ten of his forty-three races. Unlike many sprinters, Somnus was not a pure "speed horse" and ran only once, unsuccessfully, at five furlongs: all his victories came over six or seven furlongs.

Haydock Sprint Cup
The Sprint Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Haydock Park over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early September.
Rabbi Yitzchak
Rabbi Yitzchak was a rabbi who lived in the 3rd century (third generation of amoraim) in the Land of Israel.

He was likely a student of Rabbi Yochanan.

There existed several rabbis of this name. According to Rashi and Rashbam, the Rabbi Yitzchak who taught aggadah was named Yitzchak ben Pinchas, while the Rabbi Yitzchak who taught halacha was named Yitzchak ben Acha. Another Rabbi Yitzchak was the student of Rabbi Hiyya.

Amoraim
Amoraim (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אמוראים [ʔamoraˈʔim], singular Amora אמורא [ʔamoˈra]; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.
Engombe Sugar Mill
The Ingenio Engombe (or Engombe Sugar Mill) is located in the Santo Domingo Oeste municipality from the Santo Domingo province of the Dominican Republic.  The 16th century mill was a leading regional producer of sugar, and a signifying exemplar of renaissance-era architecture for its lavish forms. A two-story mansion and a chapel remain standing on the sugar mill grounds.  The site is being considered to be put on the World Heritage list of sites who have "outstanding universal value" to the world.

Santo Domingo Oeste
Santo Domingo Oeste is a municipality of the Santo Domingo province in the Dominican Republic. It is part of the greater Santo Domingo metropolitan area, which is the de facto co-capital of the Dominican Republic as seat of the Constitutional Court and the Central Electoral Commission.

For comparison with other municipalities and municipal districts see the list of municipalities and municipal districts of the Dominican Republic.

Santo Domingo Oeste was created as municipality in 2001 by law 163-01 splitting the Santo Domingo province from the Distrito Nacional including parts of metropolitan Santo Domingo west of the DR-1 (Autopista Duarte).
Hadleigh Castle
Hadleigh Castle is a ruined fortification in the English county of Essex, overlooking the Thames Estuary from south of the town of Hadleigh. Built after 1215 during the reign of Henry III by Hubert de Burgh, the castle was surrounded by parkland and had an important economic and defensive role. The castle was significantly expanded and remodelled by Edward III, who turned it into a grander property, designed to defend against a potential French attack, as well as to provide the King with a convenient private residence close to London. Built on a soft hill of London clay, the castle has often been subject to subsidence; this, combined with the sale of its stonework in the 16th century, has led to it now being ruined. The remains are now preserved by English Heritage and protected under UK law as a Grade I listed building and scheduled monument.

Susan Greaney
Susan Greaney FSA is a British archaeologist specialising in the study of British prehistory. She is a senior properties historian with English Heritage. She was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London on 27 June 2019.

Greaney earned a BA in Archaeology and Prehistory from University of Sheffield and a MSc in Professional Archaeology from University of Oxford. She is currently a part-time PhD student at Cardiff University in addition to her work at English Heritage.

In 2019, Greaney was appointed one of the BBC/AHRC New Generation Thinkers.
Material requirements planning
Material requirements planning (MRP) is a  production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well.

An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet three objectives:

Ensure raw materials are available for production and products are available for delivery to customers.

Maintain the lowest possible material and product levels in store

Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.

Product (business)
In marketing and economics, a product is any object, service, or system offered to a market to satisfy a customer’s need or want. Products may be tangible, such as physical goods that can be touched and owned, or intangible, such as services, digital offerings, or rights that provide value without physical form. Products are created through processes of design, production, and distribution, and they play a central role in commercial exchange, consumer behavior, and organizational strategy.

Beyond marketing, the term product is also used in fields such as manufacturing, where it refers to finished goods derived from raw materials, and project management, where it denotes deliverables produced to achieve defined objectives. Because products directly affect consumer safety, economic activity, and environmental sustainability, they are often subject to regulation, classification systems, and information-disclosure requirements across different jurisdictions.