hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia
White Hall is an unincorporated farming community in northern Frederick County, Virginia, United States, established in the late 1810s and located near the crossroads of Apple Pie Ridge Road (VA 739) with Green Spring and White Hall (VA 671) Roads, astride Apple Pie Ridge (922 feet/281 meters).

Crumley–Lynn–Lodge House
Crumley–Lynn–Lodge House is a historic home located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. The earliest section was built about 1759, and was a 1+1⁄2-story, log section raised to a full two stories about 1850.  About 1830, a two-story, Federal style brick section was added.  A two-story frame section was added to the original log section in 1987–1994. The front facade features a folk Victorian-style front porch with square columns, sawn brackets and pendants, and plain handrail and balusters. Also on the property are the contributing mid-19th-century brick granary, and log meat house, as well as a late-19th century corn crib, and the stone foundation of a barn.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
Venera 11
The Venera 11 (Russian: Венера-11 meaning Venus 11) was a Soviet uncrewed space mission which was part of the Venera program to explore the planet Venus. Venera 11 was launched on 9 September 1978 at 03:25:39 UTC.

Separating from its flight platform on December 23, 1978 the lander entered the Venus atmosphere two days later on December 25 at 11.2 km/s. During the descent, it employed aerodynamic braking followed by parachute braking and ending with atmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at 06:24 Moscow Time (03:24 UT) on 25 December after a descent time of approximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7 to 8 m/s. Information was transmitted to the flight platform for retransmittal to Earth until it moved out of range 95 minutes after touchdown. Landing coordinates are 14°S 299°E﻿ / ﻿14°S 299°E﻿ / -14; 299.

Aerobraking
Aerobraking is a spaceflight maneuver that reduces the high point of an elliptical orbit (apoapsis) by flying the vehicle through the atmosphere at the low point of the orbit (periapsis). The resulting drag slows the spacecraft. Aerobraking is used when a spacecraft requires a low orbit after arriving at a body with an atmosphere, as it requires less fuel than using propulsion to slow down. A more extreme maneuver is aerocapture, where a spacecraft uses an atmosphere to perform orbit insertion, decelerating from a flyby trajectory.
Liophloeus tessulatus
Liophloeus tessulatus is a species of beetle belonging to the family Curculionidae. It reaches up to around 10 mm in length. The species was scientifically described in 1776 by Otto Friedrich Müller as Curculio tessulatus. It was also described as Liophloeus schmidti (Boheman, 1824).

The species feed on a variety of wild plants including Creeping Thistle, Cow Parsley, Hogweed, Ivy and Colt's-foot. The larva develop on the roots of these plants where they take two years to grow into adults.

It reproduces parthenogenically at lower altitudes.

Cirsium arvense
Cirsium arvense is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, northern Africa and widely introduced elsewhere. The standard English name in its native area is creeping thistle. It is also commonly misnomered as Canada thistle and sometimes as field thistle.
2018 Monte-Carlo Masters – Singles
Two-time defending champion Rafael Nadal defeated Kei Nishikori in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2018 Monte-Carlo Masters. It was his record-extending 11th Monte-Carlo Masters title and his record 31st Masters title. Nadal also became the first man in the Open Era to win 11 titles at the same tournament. By winning the title, Nadal also retained the ATP no. 1 singles ranking. He did not lose a single set during the tournament, losing no more than 5 games per match, and lost just 21 games in total.

Dušan Lajović
Dušan Lajović (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Лајовић; born 30 June 1990) is a Serbian professional tennis player. On 29 April 2019, he reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 23. On 21 September 2020, he peaked at No. 82 in the doubles rankings. Lajović has won two singles and two doubles titles on the ATP Tour.

He won his first singles tournament at the 2019 Croatia Open and reached his first Masters 1000 final at the 2019 Monte-Carlo Masters. He is best known for his clay court game, kick serve and strong flowing groundstrokes, especially his one-handed backhand.  Lajović regularly represents Serbia in team competitions, after playing in the now defunct World Team Cup in 2010 and 2011. He is a member of the Serbian Davis Cup team since 2012 and contributed greatly to Serbia winning the inaugural ATP Cup in 2020, as he won four of his six matches. He also qualified for the 2024 Paris Olympics.
Ibrahim Shujau
Ibrahim Shujau is an Maldivian politician who is currently serving as a member of the People's Majlis for Baarah constituency since 2024, and from 2014 to 2019. He is also an vice president of the People's National Congress, and was a councilor for Hulhumalé in the Malé city council.

People's National Congress (Maldives)
The People's National Congress, abbreviated as PNC, is a political party in the Maldives founded in January 2019 and the current governing party. It is one of the two major political parties in the Maldives, with the other being the Maldivian Democratic Party. The party's formation was spearheaded by former President Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom, who had been in a dispute with the leadership of the Progressive Party of Maldives.

The PNC was founded with support from Yameen by Fonadhoo MP Abdul Raheem Abdulla, and was also joined by Nilandhoo MP Abdulla Khaleel. They took the positions of president and vice president of the party, respectively, shortly after.
Sant Gervasi station
Sant Gervasi is a railway station located under Plaça Molina in the Sarrià-Sant Gervasi district of Barcelona. It is served by line L6 of the Barcelona Metro and lines S1 and S2 of the Metro del Vallès commuter rail system,. All these lines are operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, who also run the station.

The station has twin tracks, with two 80 metres (260 ft) long side platforms. It is located close to Plaça Molina station, on metro line L7. The two stations are connected by a pedestrian tunnel, within the fare paid area of both stations.

Due to the renovations at the Gràcia station, commuters wishing to take the L7 line to Avinguda Tibidabo must access it by switching from Sant Gervasi to Plaça Molina.

The first Sant Gervasi station opened in 1863 and was situated in a cutting with a station building at ground level. The current station was opened in 1929, when the line serving the station was put underground.

Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Eastern Calatan: [ˌfɛrukəˈrilz ðə lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə], "Catalan Government Railways"; Spanish: Ferrocarriles de la Generalidad de Cataluña), or FGC, is a railway company which operates several unconnected lines in Catalonia, Spain.

The lines operated include metro and commuter lines in and around the city of Barcelona, tourist mountain railways, and rural railway lines. They include 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge route, 140 kilometres (87 mi) of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge route, 42 kilometres (26 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge route, and 89 kilometres (55 mi) of broad gauge route, making the FGC one of the few railway companies to operate on four different gauges.

Whilst most lines are conventional adhesion railways, the FGC also operates two rack railways and four funicular railways.

In 2018, the network carried 87.2 million passengers.
2020 Australian Open – Wheelchair men's singles
Shingo Kunieda defeated Gordon Reid in the final, 6–4, 6–4 to win the men's singles wheelchair tennis title at the 2020 Australian Open. It was his tenth Australian Open singles title and 23rd major singles title overall.

Gustavo Fernández was the defending champion, but was defeated by Reid in the quarterfinals.

Gustavo Fernández (tennis)
Gustavo Fernández (born 20 January 1994) is an Argentine professional wheelchair tennis player. Fernández has been ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles.

Fernández has won major singles titles at the 2016 French Open, the 2017 Australian Open, the 2019 Australian Open, the 2019 French Open, and the 2019 Wimbledon Championships. In doubles, he has won major titles at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships partnering Nicolas Peifer, and the 2019 French Open and 2022 Wimbledon Championships partnering Shingo Kunieda.
OpenSG
Free and open-source software portal

OpenSG is a scene graph system to create real-time graphics programs, e.g. for virtual reality applications. It is developed following Open Source principles, LGPL licensed, and can be used freely. It runs on Windows, Linux, Solaris and OS X and is based on OpenGL.

Its main features are advanced multithreading and clustering support (with sort-first and sort-last rendering, amongst other techniques), although it is perfectly usable in a single-threaded single-system application as well.

It is not part of Khronos Group.

Thread (computing)
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. In many cases, a thread is a component of a process.

The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently (via multithreading capabilities), sharing resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its executable code and the values of its dynamically allocated variables and non-thread-local global variables at any given time.

The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating systems.
Josh Ranek
Josh Ranek (born May 11, 1978) is an American former professional football player.

Ranek was a running back in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Ottawa Renegades (2002–2005), the Hamilton Tiger-Cats (2006), the Edmonton Eskimos (preseason 2007), and the Saskatchewan Roughriders (November 2007).  In 2002, he attended the training camp of the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL).  Ranek played college football at South Dakota State University.

A term was coined by Chris Walby, color commentator for the CFL broadcasts on CBC, called "Ring around the Ranek" to describe Ranek's power running and his being an integral part to his team. Ranek won the "CFL Player of the Week" award on August 9, 2006 for a win over the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

Chris Walby
Chris Walby (born October 23, 1956) is a retired Canadian Football League player who played the offensive tackle position almost exclusively with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He won three Grey Cups with the Bombers in 1984, 1988, and 1990. Walby was also a sportscaster with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's CFL on CBC telecasts following his retirement.
Denis Jones
Denis Francis Jones (12 October 1906 – 6 May 1987) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. A school teacher by profession, he was an unsuccessful candidate at the December 1955 by-election. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick West constituency at the 1957 general election. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until he retired from politics at the 1977 general election. He served as Leas-Cheann Comhairle (deputy chairperson) of the Dáil from 1967 to 1977, and Fine Gael spokesperson for education.

He was educated at Rockwell College, and St Patrick's College, Dublin, where he trained as a teacher. He married Anne O'Donnell, and they had four daughters. He was active in the GAA and Muintir na Tíre.

1957 Irish general election
The 1957 Irish general election to the 16th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 5 March, following a dissolution of the 15th Dáil on 12 February by President Seán T. O'Kelly on the request of Taoiseach John A. Costello on 4 February. It was the longest election campaign in the history of the state, spanning 30 days. The general election took place in 40 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

The 16th Dáil met at Leinster House on 20 March to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Costello lost office, and Éamon de Valera was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 8th government of Ireland, a single-party majority Fianna Fáil government.
Viljar Schiff
Viljar Schiff (born in 1964) is an Estonian military personnel.

He has been the chief inspector of Estonian Defence Forces.

2001–2006, he was Commandant of the Estonian National Defence College.

In 1997, he was awarded with Order of the Cross of the Eagle, iron cross.

Estonian Defence Forces
The Estonian Defence Forces, EDF (Estonian: Eesti Kaitsevägi), is the unified military force of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces consists of the Estonian Land Forces, the Estonian Navy, the Estonian Air Force, and the paramilitary Estonian Defence League. The national defence policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state and maintain the integrity of its land area, territorial waters, airspace, and constitutional order. Its main goals remain the development and maintenance of a credible capability to defend the nation's vital interests and of the defence forces in a way that ensures their interoperability with the armed forces of NATO and European Union member states in order to participate in the full range of missions for these military alliances.
Hamlet Gonashvili
Hamlet Dimitris dze Gonashvili (20 June 1928 – 25 July 1985), sometimes referred to as The Voice of Georgia, was a Georgian singer (tenor), influential teacher and performer of Georgian folk music.

Gonashvili was born in eastern Georgia and is considered the best interpreter of songs from the Kartli and Kakheti regions. He was a recipient of many national honours and prizes. The Third Symphony of the Georgian composer Giya Kancheli drew inspiration from Gonashvili's singing, and he was himself the soloist in the first recording of the work (Olympia Records, 1979). He died in 1985, at the height of his fame, as the result of a fall from an apple tree. Hamlet (JARO, 1996) is a collection of his most impressive songs. He is buried at Didube Pantheon.

Kakheti
Kakheti (/kəˈxɛti/; Georgian: კახეთი K’akheti [kʼaχetʰi]) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta.

Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery.

The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities.
Peter Guttorp
Peter Guttorp is a statistician, born in Sweden, with most of his career in the United States. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Washington and professor at the Norwegian Computing Center. Most of his work is in stochastic modeling of scientific data in hematology, geosciences, and climatology, with particular focus on spatial and spatio-temporal approaches. He has also worked in the history of statistics.

Guttorp received a journalist exam from the Stockholm School of Journalism in 1969, and a PhD in Statistics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1980. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from Lund University in 2009.

Guttorp is a fellow of the American Statistical Association, and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He is an elected member of the International Statistical Institute and served on its executive committee as vice president from 2017 to 2021. He was president of the International Environmetric Society from 2002 to 2004.

American Statistical Association
The American Statistical Association (ASA) is the main professional organization for statisticians and related professionals in the United States. It was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 27, 1839, and is the second-oldest continuously operating professional society in the U.S. behind the Massachusetts Medical Society (founded in 1781). ASA services statisticians, quantitative scientists, and users of statistics across many academic areas and applications. The association publishes a variety of journals and sponsors several international conferences every year.
Irina Hudova
Irina Hudova (17 June 1926 — 20 July 2015) was a Finnish ballerina and dance pedagogue, notable for having served as the director of the Finnish National Ballet as well as the first professor of dance in Finland.

Finnish National Ballet
Finnish National Ballet (Suomen Kansallisbaletti) is a professional ballet company at the Finnish National Opera, in Helsinki, Finland. The company was founded in 1922 and it currently employs 73 dancers. It is the only Finnish company that regularly performs a classical ballet repertoire. The current director Madeleine Onne started with the company in 2018, after Kenneth Greve, (2008–2018), Dinna Bjørn (2001–2008) and Jorma Uotinen (1992–2001).

Ballet School of the Finnish National Opera and Ballet works in close association with the National Ballet. The school has 30 secondary education places for training professional dancers, and 150 basic arts pupils (young students).
2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde were the defending champions, but Woodforde had retired from the tour. Woodbridge partnered with Jonas Björkman but lost in the third round to Bob and Mike Bryan.

Donald Johnson and Jared Palmer defeated Jiří Novák and David Rikl in the final, 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 7–6(8–6), to win the gentlemen's doubles title at the 2001 Wimbledon Championships

Jonas Björkman
Jonas Lars Björkman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjûːnas ˈbjœ̌rkman]; born 23 March 1972) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He is a former world No. 1 in doubles, and also a former world No. 4 in singles. Björkman retired from professional tennis after competing at the 2008 Tennis Masters Cup doubles championships. As of 2019, he was ranked in the top 40 on the all-time ATP prize money list with over $14.5 million. As of July 2024 he is still in the top 50 of the all-time ATP prize money list.

Björkman has had long-term successful doubles partnerships with Jan Apell, Jacco Eltingh, Nicklas Kulti, Max Mirnyi, Pat Rafter, Kevin Ullyett, and Todd Woodbridge. He has won the career Grand Slam in men's doubles, holding a total of nine major championships.

In March 2015, he joined Andy Murray's coaching team. He has also coached the Swedish men's padel team.
Třinec Iron and Steel Works
Třinec Iron and Steel Works (TŽ) (Czech: Třinecké železárny, Polish: Huta trzyniecka) is a producer of long rolled steel products in Třinec, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. TŽ produces most of the steel produced in the Czech Republic (roughly 2.5 million tons annually). Since its establishment, Třinecké železárny's plants have produced more than 150 million tons of crude steel. Moravia Steel is the major shareholder of TŽ, the biggest Czech steel company controlled by domestic capital.

Long steel products
In steel industry terminology, long steel products or long products are steel products including wire, rod, rail, and bars as well as types of steel structural sections and girders.

The term long products may include hot rolled bar, cold rolled or drawn bar, rebar, railway rails, wire, rope (stranded wire), woven cloth of steel wire, shapes (sections) such as U, I, or H sections, and may also include ingots from continuous casting, including blooms and billets. Fabricated structural units, such bridge sections are also classed as long products. The definition excludes "flat products" — slab, plate, strip and coil, tinplate, and electrical steel — and also excludes certain tubular products including seamless and welded tube.

Long products find general use in construction industries, and in capital goods sectors.
Transudate
Transudate is extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity (< 1.012). It has low nucleated cell counts (less than 500 to 1000 per microliter) and the primary cell types are mononuclear cells: macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells. For instance, an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma is transudate. It results from increased fluid pressures or diminished colloid oncotic forces in the plasma.

Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103–106 Da) solutions, especially protein solutions.

Ultrafiltration is not fundamentally different from microfiltration. Both of these are separate based on size exclusion or particle capture. It is fundamentally different from membrane gas separation, which separate based on different amounts of absorption and different rates of diffusion. Ultrafiltration membranes are defined by the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membrane used. Ultrafiltration is applied in cross-flow or dead-end mode.
Pacific Harbor Line
The Pacific Harbor Line (reporting mark PHL) was formed in 1998 to take over the Harbor Belt Line (HBL). In 1998, the Alameda Corridor was nearing completion, allowing for a massive amount of railroad traffic from the largest harbors in the Western hemisphere: Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach.

The railroad has 18 route miles (29 km) with a web of 59 miles (95 km) of track.

Railway Age
Railway Age is an American trade magazine for the rail transport industry. It was founded in 1856 in Chicago (the United States' major railroad hub) and is published monthly by Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation.
Acokanthera oppositifolia
Acokanthera oppositifolia, the poison arrow tree, is a shrub used as the source of an arrow poison and to coat caltrops made from the sharp fruits of the puncture vine (Tribulus terrestris). All plants of the genus Acokanthera contain toxic cardiac glycosides strong enough to cause death. Acokanthera oppositifolia is widespread in southern and central Africa from Cape Province north to The Democratic Republic of the Congo + Tanzania.

Acokanthera schimperi is employed for the same purpose.

Unlike all other parts of the plant, the ripe fruit is sweet and edible. Unripe fruit are still poisonous, so only really ripe fruit are eaten.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.