hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of Henry James
Portrait of Henry James is a 1913 portrait Painting by the Anglo-American artist John Singer Sargent. It depicts the American writer Henry James, who like Sargent had settled and worked in London. James was known for his novels such as Washington Square, The Bostonians and The Turn of the Screw.

The painting was commissioned by a group of subscribers to celebrate the novelist's seventieth birthday. In the event Singer Sargent, an old friend or James, waived his fee for the picture. James was impressed with the work which he considered  "a living breathing likeness and a masterpiece of painting". It was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1914 at Burlington House where it was physically attacked by a suffragette Mary Wood who slashed it three times with a cleaver. The painting is now in the National Portrait Gallery in London, having been bequeathed by James in 1916.

Cleaver
A cleaver is a large knife that varies in its shape but usually resembles a rectangular-bladed tomahawk. It is largely used as a kitchen or butcher knife and is mostly intended for splitting up large pieces of soft bones and slashing through thick pieces of meat. The knife's broad side can also be used for crushing in food preparation (such as garlic) and can also be used to scoop up chopped items.

Tools described as cleavers have been in use since the Acheulean period. "Cleaver" was commonly spelled clever in the late 17th century.
Clouser
Clouser is a surname. Notable people with that surname include:

Brett Clouser, American T-shirt designer and Survivor contestant

Charlie Clouser (born 1963), American composer

Christine L. Clouser, American virologist

John William Clouser (born 1932), American fugitive

K. Danner Clouser (1930–2000), American bioethicist

Roy A. Clouser, American philosopher

Christine L. Clouser
Christine Clouser is an American virologist. During her graduate studies she discovered an interest in retro viruses and has since published scientific articles on the feline leukemia virus and HIV virus.
West Georgia Wolves men's basketball
The West Georgia Wolves men's basketball team, known previously as the West Georgia Braves, represents the University of West Georgia in Carrollton, Georgia.  Beginning on July 1, 2024, the Wolves will compete in the Division I Atlantic Sun Conference.  Due to the NCAA's policy on reclassifying programs, the Wolves will not be eligible to compete in the NCAA tournament or the NIT until the 2028–29 season.

University of West Georgia
The University of West Georgia is a public university in Carrollton, Georgia, United States. The university offers a satellite campus in Newnan, Georgia, select classes at its Douglasville Center, and off-campus Museum Studies classes at the Atlanta History Center in Atlanta, Georgia. A total of 16,072 students, including 10,075 undergraduate and 5,997 graduate, were enrolled as of fall 2025. The university is also one of four comprehensive universities in the University System of Georgia.
Hurdegaryp
Hurdegaryp (Dutch: Hardegarijp) is a village in the northern part of the Netherlands, in the municipality of Tytsjerksteradiel. Its history dates back to at least the 13th century. It had a population of around 4,788 in January 2017.

In Dutch the village is called Hardegarijp, Hurdegaryp is its West Frisian and official name.

West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.
Valdera
Valdera is the name of an area in the Province of Pisa in Tuscany.

It comprises the following municipalities:

Capannoli

Casciana Terme Lari

Chianni

Crespina

Lajatico

Palaia

Peccioli

Ponsacco

Terricciola

The Valdera area usually also includes the following municipalities for social and economical reasons. They are all located near the lower part of the Arno river valley and near the Lucca plain.

Pontedera

Bientina

Buti

Calcinaia

Santa Maria a Monte

Terricciola
Terricciola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Florence and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Pisa.

Terricciola borders the following municipalities: Capannoli, Casciana Terme Lari, Chianni, Lajatico, Peccioli.
Surrogate key
A surrogate key (or synthetic key, pseudokey, entity identifier, factless key, or technical key) in a database is a unique identifier for either an entity in the modeled world or an object in the database. The surrogate key is not derived from application data, unlike a natural (or business) key.

Current database
A current database is a conventional database that stores data that is valid now.

For example, if a user inserts "John Smith" into the Staff table of a current database, this asserts that the fact is valid now and until it is subsequently deleted. By contrast, a temporal database qualifies each row with a valid time stamp, valid time period or valid time interval. For example, we can assert the fact that "John Smith" was a member of staff during the period 1 June 2001 and now. As of 2006, current databases were the most common type of database in use. The concept of now is discussed in Clifford et alia (1997).
Fort de Liers
50°41′58.8″N 5°34′54.9″E﻿ / ﻿50.699667°N 5.581917°E﻿ / 50.699667; 5.581917

The Fort de Liers (French pronunciation: [fɔʁ də ljɛʁs]) is one of twelve forts built around Liège, Belgium, in the late 19th century. The overall Fortified Position of Liège was a constituent part of the country's National Redoubt. Fort de Liers was built between 1881 and 1884 according to the plans of General Henri Alexis Brialmont. Contrasting with the French forts built in the same era by Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières, the fort was built exclusively of unreinforced concrete, a new material, rather than masonry. The fort was heavily bombarded by German artillery in the Battle of Liège. Liers was never upgraded like the other forts of Liège. It is now used as a test site for aircraft engines and is not accessible to the public.

Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières
Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières (French pronunciation: [ʁɛmɔ̃ adɔlf seʁe də ʁivjɛʁ]; 20 May 1815 – 16 February 1895) was a French military engineer and general whose ideas revolutionized the design of fortifications in France. He gave his name to the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications constructed after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Described as the Vauban of the 19th century, his Belgian counterpart was Henri Alexis Brialmont.
State Road 32 (Serbia)
State Road 32 is an IB-class road in southwestern Serbia and Kosovo, connecting Ribariće with Mitrovica.

Before the new road categorization regulation given in 2013, the route wore the following names: M 2 (before 2012) / 33 (after 2012).

The existing route is a main road with two traffic lanes. By the valid Space Plan of the Republic of Serbia, its section of the road is not planned for upgrading to a motorway and is expected to be conditioned in its current state.

The road is a part of European routes E65 and E80.

Ribariće
Ribariće (Serbian Cyrillic: Рибариће) is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 947 inhabitants. The Crna Reka Monastery is located near the village.
Hans Werner Ballmann
Hans Werner Ballmann (known as Werner Ballmann; born 11 April 1951) is a German mathematician. His area of research is differential geometry with focus on geodesic flows, spaces of negative curvature as well as spectral theory of Dirac operators

Ballmann earned his doctorate from the University of Bonn in 1979, under the supervision of Wilhelm Klingenberg.
He was a professor at the University of Bonn, and a director of the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in Bonn, Germany, from 2007 to 2019. He has advised 16 doctoral students at Bonn, including Christian Bär and Anna Wienhard.

He is a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina since 2007, and a member of the scientific committee of the Mathematical Research Institute of Oberwolfach since 2004.

German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (German: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the Academia Naturae Curiosorum until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences.
Gavin Hamilton (bishop of Galloway)
Gavin Hamilton (1561–1612), bishop of Galloway, was the second son of John Hamilton of Orbiston, Lanarkshire. The father, descended from Sir James Hamilton of Cadzow, fell at the battle of Langside, fighting for Mary, Queen of Scots (13 May 1568).

Battle of Langside
The Battle of Langside was fought on 13 May 1568 between forces loyal to Mary, Queen of Scots, and forces acting in the name of her infant son James VI. Mary’s short period of personal rule ended in 1567 in recrimination, intrigue, and disaster when, after her capture at Carberry Hill, she was forced to abdicate in favour of James VI. Mary was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, while her Protestant half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray, was appointed Regent on behalf of his nephew. In early May 1568 Mary escaped, heading west to the country of the Hamiltons, high among her remaining supporters, and the safety of Dumbarton Castle with the determination to restore her rights as queen. Mary was defeated and went into exile and captivity in England. The battle is generally considered the start of the Marian civil war.
Bobbie Goulding Jr.
Bobbie Goulding Jr. (born 4 March 1993) is a professional rugby league footballer who has played in the 2010s. He has played at club level for the Dewsbury Rams, in the Super League for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, in the Canterbury Cup NSW for the Newtown Jets, and the Thatto Heath Crusaders, as scrum-half.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
Catostomus
Catostomus is a genus of fish belonging to the family Catostomidae, commonly known as suckers. This genus of fish usually lives in freshwater basins. Most members of the genus are native to North America, but C. catostomus is also found in Russia. A majority of species inhabit western North America, with only C. catostomus, C. commersonii, and C. utawana being found in eastern North America.

Wendell L. Minckley
Wendell Lee Minckley (November 13, 1935 – June 22, 2001) was a college professor and a leading expert on fish. He spent most of his career at Arizona State University.

In 1963, he, with Robert Rush Miller, discovered and named the northern platyfish (Xiphophorus gordoni) in honor of Dr. Myron Gordon. Dr. Minckley, in turn, had five species named in his honor.

Dr. Minckley died on June 22, 2001, in Desert Samaritan Hospital in Mesa, Arizona, from complications associated with treatment for cancer.
Palito
Reynaldo Alfredo Hipolito (September 4, 1933 – April 12, 2010) was a veteran Filipino slapstick comedian and actor who was at the height of his career in the 1970s and '80s. He was well known for his unusually light build and thin anatomy, earning him the self-deprecating screen name "Palito", which is Spanish for stick and is glossed in Filipino as matchstick or toothpick.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Atma Ram (politician)
Atma Ram was a Hindu minister in Khanate of Kunduz, in modern day Afghanistan, during the 1820s and 1830s. A Peshawari Hindu, he held the office of Diwanbegi in Kunduz under Murad Beg. He was said to have dominated trade between India and Turan in this period. A tax farmer, he purchased the right to collect taxes on the Kabul–Bukhara caravans. Unusually for a Hindu in an Islamic state, he was even permitted to own Muslim slaves.

There is a coloured lithograph of Atma Ram based on the work of James Rattray at the time of the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842).

First Anglo-Afghan War
The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Kabul from 1838 to 1842. The British initially successfully invaded the country taking sides in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad Khan (Barakzai) and former King Shah Shujah (Durrani), whom they reinstalled upon occupying Kabul in August 1839. The main British Indian force occupied Kabul and endured harsh winters. The force and its camp followers were almost completely massacred during its 1842 retreat from Kabul.

The British then sent what was widely termed an "Army of Retribution" to Kabul to avenge the destruction of the previous forces. After recovering prisoners, they left Afghanistan by the end of the year. Dost Mohammed returned from exile in India to resume his rule.

It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia.
Pudsey (UK Parliament constituency)
Pudsey was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Since 1997 campaigns in the seat have resulted in a minimum of 33.1% of votes at each election consistently for the same two parties' choice for candidate, and the next-placed party's having fluctuated between 3.1% and 20.8% of the vote — such third-placed figures achieved much higher percentages in 1992 and in previous decades.

The result in 2017 was the 23rd-closest nationally (of 650 seats).

The seat was abolished prior to the 2024 general election and replaced by parts of two other constituencies.

Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 23) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1885"). It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House of Commons, introducing the concept of equally populated constituencies, a concept in the broader global context termed equal apportionment, in an attempt to equalise representation across the UK. It mandated the abolition of constituencies below a certain population threshold. It was associated with, but not part of, the Representation of the People Act 1884.
2022 Imo-Rivers explosion
The Imo-Rivers explosion occurred at the site of an illegal oil refinery in Southern Nigeria on 22 April 2022. It happened late at night on the border between Imo State and Rivers State. Eyewitnesses described a loud noise followed by a huge fire that could be seen burning above the Abaezi forest. The initial death toll was thought to be around 60 people but as the days passed, more bodies were found, with the final estimate suggesting that 110 people died with over 100 more seriously injured. The casualties were predominantly young people who were probably working at the illegal refinery, with many suffering serious burns due to the resultant fire. The explosion and fire caused significant environmental damage.

Niger Delta
The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical zone, one state (Ondo) from South West geopolitical zone and two states (Abia and Imo) from South East geopolitical zone.

The Niger Delta is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil. The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893, when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate.

The delta is a petroleum-rich region and has been the center of international concern over extensive pollution which is often used as an example of ecocide. The principal cause is major oil spills by multinational corporations of the petroleum industry.
Wehner
Wehner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandro Wehner, Argentine film director

David Wehner, CFO of Facebook

Herbert Wehner (1906–1990), German politician; served in the Bundestag 1949–83

John Wehner (born 1967), American professional baseball player and sports broadcaster

Josef Magnus Wehner (1891–1973), German author and playwright

Joseph Frank Wehner (1895–1918), American fighter pilot in World War I

Oliver Wehner (born 1984), German politician

Paul Wehner (1896–1982), German sports shooter

Peter Wehner (born 1961), American political writer

Shane Wehner (born 1974), Australian world-ranked professional surfer

Stephanie Wehner (born 1977), German physicist and computer scientist

John Wehner
John Paul Wehner (pronounced "Way-ner") (born June 29, 1967) is an American former utility player in Major League Baseball (MLB) and a current broadcaster for the Pittsburgh Pirates. His nickname is "Rock".
2005 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The 110 metres hurdles event at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium on August 10, 11 and 12.

The top three runners in each of the initial six heats automatically qualified for the semifinals.  The next six fastest runners from across the heats also qualified. There were three semifinal heats, and only the top two from each heat plus the next two fastest runners advanced to the final.

Dominique Arnold
Dominique Arnold (born September 14, 1973, in Compton, California) is an American hurdling athlete. He is tied for being the seventh fastest all-time 110 m hurdler, with a time of 12.90 s (+1.1 m/s), which was the American record from 2006 till 2010. Arnold set that mark in Lausanne, where he beat the current world record but lost to Liu Xiang. His performance is still the fastest losing time ever ran for the event.

Competing for the Washington State Cougars track and field team, Arnold won the 1996 NCAA championships in the 110 m hurdles.

In competition, Arnold finished fourth at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics and took bronze in the 60 m hurdles at the 2006 World Indoor Championships in Athletics. He also took bronze at the 2001 IAAF Grand Prix Final and silver at the 2005 World Athletics Final.
Wazifa Zarruqiyya
In Sufism, the Wazifa Zarruqiyya (Arabic: الْوَظِيفَةُ الزَّرُّوقِيَّةُ) is a regular wazifa or litany practiced by followers in the Shadhili order of Sufism and whose first line is "the ship of salvation for those who resort to God" (Arabic: سَفِينَةُ النَّجَا لِمَنْ إِلَى اللَهِ اِلْتَجَا).

Al-Nawawi
Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (Arabic: يحيى بن شرف النووي, romanized: Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī) (October 1233 – 21 December 1277) was a Sunni Shafi'ite jurist and hadith scholar. Al-Nawawi died at the relatively early age of 45. Despite this, he authored numerous and lengthy works ranging from hadith, to theology, biography, and jurisprudence that are still read to this day. Al-Nawawi, along with Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i, are leading jurists of the earlier classical age, known by the Shafi'i school as the Two Shaykhs (al-Shaykhayn).
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three or The Taking of Pelham 123 can refer to:

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (novel), a 1973 thriller novel by Morton Freedgood writing as "John Godey"

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974 film), a film adaptation directed by Joseph Sargent and starring Walter Matthau and Robert Shaw

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1998 film), a television movie directed by Félix Enríquez Alcalá and starring Edward James Olmos and Vincent D'Onofrio

The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009 film), a film adaptation directed by Tony Scott and starring Denzel Washington and John Travolta

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (novel)
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three is a 1973 thriller novel  by Morton Freedgood, writing under the pen name John Godey. The novel's title is derived from the train's radio call sign. When a New York City Subway train leaves to start a run, it is given a call sign based upon the time it left and where; in this case, Pelham Bay Park station at 1:23 p.m.
1954–55 Nationalliga A
The following is the summary of the Swiss National League in the 1954–55 football season, both Nationalliga A and Nationalliga B. This was the 58th season of top-tier and the 57th season of second-tier football in Switzerland.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.