hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Combining Diacritical Marks
Combining Diacritical Marks is a Unicode block containing the most common combining characters. It also contains the character "Combining Grapheme Joiner", which prevents canonical reordering of combining characters, and despite the name, actually separates characters that would otherwise be considered a single grapheme in a given context. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Generic Diacritical Marks.

Grapheme
In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek's gráphō ('write'), and the suffix -eme (by analogy with phoneme and other emic units). The study of graphemes is called graphemics. The concept of a grapheme is abstract; it is similar to the notion of a character in computing. (A specific geometric shape that represents any particular grapheme in a given typeface is called a glyph.) In orthographic and linguistic notation, a particular glyph (character) is represented as a grapheme (is used in its graphemic sense) by enclosing it within angle brackets: e.g. ⟨a⟩.
Ontario Highway 87
King's Highway 87, commonly referred to as Highway 87, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 30.1-kilometre (18.7 mi) route connected Highway 86 in Bluevale with Highway 89 (present-day Highway 23) near Harriston. In 1997-1998, Highway 87 was downloaded to Huron and Wellington counties and the road is now officially known as Huron County Road 87 and Wellington County Road 87.

Morris-Turnberry
The Municipality of Morris-Turnberry is a municipality in Huron County, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the north portion of Huron County, near the Bruce County border, southeast of Wingham.

It was formed as an amalgamation of the former Morris and Turnberry townships in 2001 in an Ontario-wide local government restructuring imposed by the government of that time. The two former townships now comprise the wards of the amalgamated municipality.

Morris-Turnberry's only significant settlement is Bluevale, located at the junction of Huron Roads 86 and 87 east of Wingham. This is where Elias Disney, father of Walt Disney, was born in 1859.  Sunshine is also located here.
Luis Vázquez Martínez
Luis Vázquez Martínez is a Spanish applied mathematician. He is a professor of applied mathematics in the faculty of informatics of the Complutense University of Madrid.

Vázquez was born on January 26, 1949, in Narayola, a town in the municipality of Camponaraya.
He earned a licenciate in physical sciences from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1971, and a doctorate in physical sciences from the University of Zaragoza in 1975, under the supervision of Antonio Fernández-Rañada Menéndez de Luarca. After working as a Visiting Research Associate at Brown University, he returned to the Complutense University as an assistant professor in 1977.

In 1995 the Shanghai University of Science and Technology gave him an honorary doctorate. Since 2005 has been a national corresponding member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences.

University of Zaragoza
The University of Zaragoza, sometimes referred to as Saragossa University (Spanish: Universidad de Zaragoza, UNIZAR) is a public university with teaching campuses and research centres spread over the three provinces of Aragon (Spain).

Founded in 1542, it is one of the oldest universities in Spain, with a history dating back to the Roman period.

It has been the alma mater of Prime Ministers Pascual Madoz, Manuel Azaña, Salustiano de Olózaga and Eusebio Bardají, of the Nobel Prize laureate and father of modern neuroscience Santiago Ramón y Cajal, the Catholic saint Josemaría Escrivá and the Cuban national hero Jose Marti, who studied at this university.

In 2014, it had more than 30,000 students and more than 3,000 teaching members, among its 22 centers and 74 degrees. Its current rector is José Antonio Mayoral Murillo, full professor of organic chemistry.
12th Infantry Division (France)
12th Infantry Division (12e division d'infanterie or 12e DI) was an infantry division of the French Army which took part in the Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II. It fought at the Battle of the Nations in 1813. It was converted to a motorised infantry role at Mourmelon-le-Grand in 1939 a few days before the French declaration of war on Germany and renamed 12th Motorised Infantry Division (12e division d'infanterie motorisée or 12e DIM)

Canton of Étain
The canton of Étain is an administrative division of the Meuse department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Étain.

It consists of the following communes:
2024 Japan Women's Open
The 2024 Japan Women's Open (also known as the Kinoshita Group Japan Open for sponsorship purposes) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the Japan Women's Open, and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2024 WTA Tour. It was held at the Utsubo Tennis Center in Osaka, Japan, from 14 to 20 October 2024.

Mai Hontama
Mai Hontama (本玉真唯) (born 30 August 1999) is a Japanese tennis player. Hontama has a career-high singles ranking of 105 by the WTA, achieved on 5 August 2024, and a career-high doubles ranking of 109, set on 6 November 2023.
INB Financial Corporation
INB Financial Corporation was an Indianapolis-based statewide bank holding company that was the largest Indiana-based financial institution at the time it was acquired by Michigan-based NBD Bancorp in 1992. Its primary subsidiary was the Indianapolis-based INB National Bank, formerly the Indiana National Bank, which can trace its origins to the founding of the Second State Bank of Indiana in 1834.

From the mid-1950s through the late 1980s, Indiana National Bank, American Fletcher National Bank, and Merchants National Bank, were the three largest banks in Indianapolis and its holding company, Indiana National (INB Financial) Corporation, along with American Fletcher Corporation and Merchants National Corporation, were the three largest bank holding companies in the state.

Marion County, Indiana
Marion County is located in the U.S. state of Indiana. The 2020 United States census reported a population of 977,203, making it the 54th-most populous county in the U.S., the most populous county in the state, and the main population center of the 11-county Indianapolis–Carmel–Greenwood MSA in central Indiana. Indianapolis is the county seat, the state capital, and most populous city. Marion County is consolidated with Indianapolis through an entity known as Unigov.
2021 FIBA Intercontinental Cup
The 2021 FIBA Intercontinental Cup was the 30th edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup. The tournament was played in one game to be held on 6 February 2021. The game was played in the Estadio Obras Sanitarias in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was the fourth time the competition was hosted in this venue.

The game was played on by Spanish side Hereda San Pablo Burgos, winners of the 2020–21 Basketball Champions League, and Argentine side Quimsa, winners of the 2021 Basketball Champions League Americas. Both teams made their debut in the Intercontinental Cup.

The game was played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. San Pablo Burgos won the game 82–73 and won their first Intercontinental Cup title.

Quimsa
Asociación Atlética Quimsa, usually called simply Quimsa, is an Argentine sports club located in the city of Santiago del Estero in the homonymous province.

The club's professional basketball team plays in the Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB), the top division of Argentine basketball, and Pan-America's premier men's basketball league, the Basketball Champions League Americas. Quimsa has won two continental titles in 2020 and 2024. They have also won two national LNB championships in 2015 and 2023.

Quimsa's home arena is the Estadio Ciudad de Santiago del Estero. Apart from basketball, other activities hosted by the club are cestoball, roller skating, taekwondo and volleyball.
Fairview-Columbia Library
45°31′56″N 122°26′22″W﻿ / ﻿45.532238°N 122.439351°W﻿ / 45.532238; -122.439351

The Fairview-Columbia Library is a branch of the Multnomah County Library, in Fairview in the U.S. state of Oregon. It serves residents of Fairview, Troutdale, Corbett, and elsewhere in the eastern part of the county. The branch offers the Multnomah County Library catalog of two million books, periodicals and other materials.

Troutdale, Oregon
Troutdale is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States, immediately north of Gresham and east of Wood Village. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 16,300. The city serves as the western gateway to the Historic Columbia River Highway, the Mount Hood Scenic Byway, and the Columbia River Gorge. It is approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Portland and is part of the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area.
Ivan Stranski
Ivan Nikolov Stranski (Bulgarian: Иван Николов Странски; German: Iwan Nikolow Stranski; 2 January  [O.S. 21 December ] 1897  – 19 June 1979) was a Bulgarian and later a German physical chemist who is considered the father of crystal growth research.

He was the founder of the Bulgarian school of physical chemistry, heading the departments of physical chemistry at Sofia University and later at Technische Hochschule Berlin (today Technische Universität Berlin), of which he was also rector. The Stranski–Krastanov growth and Kossel–Stranski model are some of Stranski's contributions which bear his name.

Crystal growth
Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present.

The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other.
The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. changes of shape and/or volume). Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow.
My Tutor Friend
My Tutor Friend (Korean: 동갑내기 과외하기; lit. Tutoring a Student of the Same Age) is a 2003 South Korean romantic comedy film starring Kim Ha-neul and Kwon Sang-woo. Unglamorous Su-wan is a sophomore in college who gets hired to tutor rich troublemaker Ji-hoon, who is repeating his senior year of high school for the third time.

Released on February 7, 2003, the film topped the box office for five consecutive weeks and sold 4,809,871 tickets, making it the third best selling Korean film of 2003.

This was Kim Kyeong-hyeong's directorial debut. Park Yeon-seon's screenplay was based on a series of stories posted online in 2000 by a real-life English literature major named Choi Su-wan about her experiences in tutoring a high schooler of her same age.

2003 in film
2003 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country- and genre- specific lists of films released, notable deaths and film debuts.
Grzmiączka
Grzmiączka [ˈɡʐmjɔnt͡ʂka] (German Gramenzer Busch) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Grzmiąca, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) northwest of Szczecinek and 136 km (85 mi) east of the regional capital, Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Szczecinek County
Szczecinek County (Polish: powiat szczecinecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szczecinek, which lies 143 kilometres (89 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Borne Sulinowo, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, Barwice, 23 km (14 mi) west of Szczecinek, and Biały Bór, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Szczecinek.

The county covers an area of 1,765.22 square kilometres (681.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,232, out of which the population of Szczecinek is 38,756, that of Borne Sulinowo is 4,224, that of Barwice is 3,838, that of Biały Bór is 2,127, and the rural population is 28,287.
South Dakota State Jackrabbits baseball
The South Dakota State Jackrabbits baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball program of South Dakota State Jackrabbits in Brookings, South Dakota, United States. The program's first season was in 1947, and it has been a member of the NCAA Division I Summit League since the start of the 2008 season. Its home venue is Erv Huether Field, located on South Dakota State's campus. Rob Bishop is the team's head coach starting in the 2017 season. The program has appeared in 1 NCAA tournament at the Division I level, while making 8 at the Division II level. It has won 1 conference tournament championships and 1 regular season conference titles. As of the start of the 2018 Major League Baseball season, 5 former Jackrabbits has appeared in Major League Baseball.

South Dakota State Jackrabbits
The South Dakota State Jackrabbits are the 19 intercollegiate teams representing South Dakota State University that compete in the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I (for football: Football Championship Subdivision). South Dakota State is currently a member of the Summit League, the Missouri Valley Football Conference, the Big 12 Conference and Varsity Equestrian. The university won numerous conference championships and several national titles including the NCAA College Division national title in men's basketball in 1963 and the NCAA Division II national title in women's basketball in 2003.
Karatag
The Karatag or Qaratogh, Qaratoghdaryo (Russian: Каратаг) is a river of northwestern Tajikistan and eastern Uzbekistan. It flows through Shirkent National Park and flows down the south slopes of the Hisar mountain range. At its confluence with the Toʻpolondaryo, the Surxondaryo is formed. The river is 112 kilometres (70 mi) long. Large seismic landslides occur in the river basin and it also contains several glacial lakes. Upstream from the confluence with the Payron, the Karatag is called Diakhandara. Another tributary is the Zambar. The Diakhandara Glacier, which fed the upper course of the Karatag, has fully melted.

Hisar Range
The Hisar Range, formerly the Gissar Range, is a mountain range in Central Asia, in the western part of the Pamir-Alay system, stretching over 200 km in the general east–west direction across the territory of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
Leverett's Chapel Independent School District
Leverett's Chapel Independent School District is a public school district located in northwestern Rusk County, Texas that serves the unincorporated communities of Leverett's Chapel and Laird Hill. 
In 2017 it founded its academic rodeo team, and in 2021 has started a junior high basketball team.
Leverett's Chapel ISD has been known to attack good families with lies and gossip, falsely calling child protective services and police on them repeatedly. It is not recommended to attend this failure of a school.

Rusk County, Texas
Rusk County is a county located in Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 52,214. Its county seat is Henderson. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson Rusk, a secretary of war of the Republic of Texas.

Rusk County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan area.
Bernardino Rocci
Bernardino Rocci (1627–1680) was a Roman Catholic cardinal.

On 22 April 1668, he was consecrated bishop by Giulio Gabrielli, Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina, with Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, Bishop Emeritus of Camerino, and Carlo de' Vecchi, Titular Archbishop of Athenae, serving as co-consecrators.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Sabina–Poggio Mirteto
The Diocese of Sabina–Poggio Mirteto is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church (which means it carries the rare rank of cardinal-bishop) and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy in the Roman province of the Pope.
Α-Ethyl-N-methylphenethylamine
α-Ethyl-N-methylphenethylamine (MEPEA; code name PAL-426) is a stimulant, designer drug, and norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and phenylisobutylamine (α-ethylphenethylamine) families. It is the N-methyl derivative of phenylisobutylamine (α-ethylphenethylamine; AEPEA) and is the α-ethyl homologue of methamphetamine (α-methyl-N-methylphenethylamine).

The drug's EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for induction of monoamine release are 58 nM for norepinephrine, 179 to 225 nM for dopamine, and 4,698 nM for serotonin. Like amphetamine, MEPEA produces hyperlocomotion and sympathomimetic effects in rodents. It is about one-tenth as potent as d-methamphetamine in drug discrimination and other tests in rodents.

MEPEA was first described in the scientific literature by 1984. It has been encountered as an ingredient in dietary supplements.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Maramarua River
The Maramarua River is in the north-eastern part of the Waikato District of New Zealand. It is formed by the confluence of the Mangatangi River and the Ruaotehuia Stream just north of State Highway 2 between Mangatāwhiri and Maramarua. It flows through the northern part of the Whangamarino Wetland and joins the Whangamarino River shortly before that river flows into the Waikato River.

Mangatāwhiri
Mangatāwhiri is a locality about 10 km north-east of Pōkeno and 7 km west of Mangatangi in the Waikato District in the North Island of New Zealand.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "tāwhiri tree stream" for Mangatāwhiri.

The Castle is a prominent building on Mangatawhiri Road which once housed the Castle Cafe.

Mangatāwhiri River flows south from the Hunua Ranges through Mangatāwhiri, and joins the Waikato River near Mercer.
MangoBaaz
MangoBaaz (Urdu: مینگو باز) is a Pakistani internet media company based in Lahore. It was incubated at Punjab Information Technology Board's startup accelerator program, it began operations as a social news and entertainment company with a focus on digital media in 2014.

MangoBaaz was founded in late 2014 as an experiment on tracking viral content by Ali Gul and Ali Ahsan. After the favourable result, the cofounders left the Silicon Valley and registered it as a formal company in September 2015.

Punjab Information Technology Board
The Punjab Information Technology Board (PITB) is a department of the Government of Punjab. It was established in 1999 by the Government of the Punjab as an autonomous body under the Department of Industries, operating under the administration of Information Technology Department from 2001 to 2011. The key focus of the department was to monitor global opportunities, cater to the growing need for IT, develop policy initiatives, planning and implementation of initiatives to increase the competitiveness of the IT industry in the Punjab province. The Information Technology department was dissolved in 2011, and PITB was attached under the Planning & Development Department Punjab. Humjkkk
Kevin Pourier
Kevin Pourier  (b. 1958, Rapid City, South Dakota) is an Oglala-Lakota artist known for buffalo horn fabrications. He works with his wife Valerie Pourier. They are located at the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. The couple create wearable art from carved buffalo horn.

Kevin participated in the National Museum of the American Indian's Native Arts Program in 2005. The couple's work is in the collection of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. Their piece Winyan Wánakikśin (Women Defenders of Others) was exhibited at the National Museum of the American Indian.  Their piece, Monarch Nation, was acquired by the Smithsonian American Art Museum as part of the Renwick Gallery's 50th Anniversary Campaign.

Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art is an art museum in Kansas City, Missouri, known for its encyclopedic collection of art from nearly every continent and culture, and especially for its extensive collection of Asian art.

In 2007, Time magazine ranked the museum's new Bloch Building number one on its list of "The 10 Best (New and Upcoming) Architectural Marvels" which considered candidates from around the globe.

The museum is open five days a week: Monday from 10 am-5 pm, closed Tuesday and Wednesday, open Thursday 10-9, Friday 10-9, Saturday and Sunday 10-5. 
Admission is free.
Variable-order Markov model
In the mathematical theory of stochastic processes, variable-order Markov (VOM) models are an important class of models that extend the well known Markov chain models. In contrast to the Markov chain models, where each random variable in a sequence with a Markov property depends on a fixed number of random variables, in VOM models this number of conditioning random variables may vary based on the specific observed realization.

This realization sequence is often called the context; therefore the VOM models are also called context trees. VOM models are nicely rendered by colorized probabilistic suffix trees (PST). The flexibility in the number of conditioning random variables turns out to be of real advantage for many applications, such as statistical analysis, classification and prediction.

Prediction
A prediction (from Latin  prae- 'before' and  dictum 'something said') or  forecast is a statement about a future event or about future data. Predictions are often, but not always, based upon experience or knowledge of forecasters. There is no universal agreement about the exact difference between "prediction" and "estimation"; different authors and disciplines ascribe different connotations.

Future events are necessarily uncertain, so guaranteed accurate information about the future is impossible. Prediction can be useful to assist in making plans about possible developments.