hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wesenberg Castle
Wesenberg Castle (German: Burg Wesenberg) is a motte-and-bailey castle in Wesenberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany).

Of the original castle, only the bergfried tower and an adjacent part of the former ring wall survives. The castle was founded by Nicholas I of Werle during the middle of the 13th century, as protection for the city of Wesenberg. Among other things, the castle served as a residence for the widow of Duke Ulrich II of Mecklenburg-Stargard, Catherine. The castle was largely destroyed by a fire in 1630. Today, the castle is owned by the city of Wesenberg and since 1950 it houses the offices of the local forestry administration.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Bolbena hottentotta
Bolbena hottentotta, common name hottentot mantis, is a species of praying mantis found in Angola, Kenya, and Namibia. It is a tiny mantis species in which nymphs are only about 2.5 millimetres (0.1 in) long and adult females grow to only 15 mm (0.6 in) long. This species has recently been introduced to cultivation but are still very rare and are raised by only a handful of breeders.

Nymph (biology)
In biology, a nymph (from Ancient Greek νύμφα nūmphē meaning "bride") is the juvenile form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis (hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult stage.  Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult, except for a lack of wings (in winged species) and the emergence of genitalia. In addition, while a nymph moults, it never enters a pupal stage. Instead, the final moult results in an adult insect. Nymphs undergo multiple stages of development called instars.
Robert Hottot
Robert Hottot (1884, Paris - 1939) was a French explorer.

In 1908–1909, Hottot organised in association with the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris an expedition along the Congo River to Lake Chad. One of the expedition members was Léon Poutrin.
After the expedition and his marriage he lived in various places in France, then in Jersey and finally in Oxford.

He was sometime President of the Oxford University Anthropological Society and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. His zoological Botanical and ethnographic collections are mostly in Paris (Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and Musée du quai Branly) as was his agreement with the French Government but a small collection of insects from Equatorial Africa is in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History and some expedition papers and early stereo photographs are in the Pitt Rivers Museum.

Congo River
The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around 220 m (720 ft). The Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi River system has an overall length of 4,700 km (2,900 mi), which makes it the world's ninth-longest river. The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, and Lualaba is the name of the Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800 km (1,100 mi).

Measured along with the Lualaba, the main tributary, the Congo River has a total length of 4,370 km (2,720 mi). It is the only major river to cross the equator twice. The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 mi2), or 13% of the entire African landmass.
Cryptantha microstachys
Cryptantha microstachys is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Tejon cryptantha. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in several types of habitat, including chaparral in the coastal and inland hills and mountains. It is an annual herb producing a branching or unbranched stem 10 to 50 centimeters tall which is coated in hairs and bristles. The hairy leaves are linear to oblong in shape and up to 4 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a length of bristly developing fruits tipped with open flowers with five-lobed white corollas just a few millimeters wide.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
Marthoma Syrian Churches in the United States
Here is the list of Marthoma Syrian Churches in United States of America:

St Thomas Marthoma Church, Ludlow, Yonkers, New York

St. Stephen's Mar Thoma Church, East Brunswick, New Jersey

Mar Thoma Church, Philadelphia, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania

Christos Mar Thomas Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Detroit Mar Thoma Church, Southfield, Michigan

Chicago Mar Thoma Church, Des Plaines, Chicago, Illinois

St. Thomas Mar Thoma Church, Chicago, Lombard, Chicago, Illinois

Immanuel Mar Thoma Church, Virginia, Virginia

Mar Thoma Church of Dallas, Farmers Branch, Dallas, Texas

Sehion Mar Thoma Church of Dallas, Plano, Dallas, Texas

Trinity Mar Thoma Church Houston, Houston, Texas

St. Mark's Mar Thoma Church, Tampa, Tampa, Florida

Mar Thoma Church of San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Mar Thoma Church of Greater Seattle, Kent, Washington

Southfield, Michigan
Southfield is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Southfield lies roughly 15 miles (24.1 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. The city had a population of 76,618 at the 2020 census.

Southfield home to multiple business districts, including the Southfield City Centre (an edge city which contains the tallest building in Detroit's suburbs) and the area surrounding the former Northland Center shopping mall. It is also home to  Lawrence Technological University. The city was originally part of Southfield Township before incorporating in 1958. The autonomous city of Lathrup Village is an enclave within Southfield.
Manon Bakker
Manon Bakker (born 15 July 1999) is a Dutch professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Fenix–Deceuninck Continental in road cycling, and in cyclo-cross for UCI Cyclo-cross Team Crelan–Fristads.

Parkcross
The Parkcross, also named Cyclocross Vossenhol-Maldegem is a cyclo-cross race held in Maldegem, Belgium. The men's race was held for the first time in 2007, the women's race in 2015. It is traditionally held on the Wednesday following the weekend of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships, in Sint-Annapark in the center of Maldegem. Since 2017 (except for the 2023 edition) it has been part of the Exact Cross series.
Music of Liverpool
Liverpool has a lengthy tradition of music both classical and pop. It is well known for the Beatles (recording 18 UK and 20 US number-one singles). Its pop and rock music scene has also been important in the development of a number of other bands and artists since the 1950s.

Frankie Vaughan
Frankie Vaughan CBE DL (born Frank Fruim Abelson; 3 February 1928 – 17 September 1999) was an English singer and actor who became popular in the 1950s and 60s, recording more than 80 easy listening and traditional pop singles in his lifetime. He was known as "Mr. Moonlight" after his signature song "Give Me the Moonlight, Give Me the Girl". Two of Vaughan's singles topped the UK Singles Chart: "The Garden of Eden" (1957) and "Tower of Strength" (1961). He starred in several films, including a role opposite Marilyn Monroe in Let's Make Love (1960).
Aleksei Andreyevich Volkov
Aleksei Andreyevich Volkov (1859–1929) was a valet at the court of Tsar Nicholas II. After Russia October Revolution of 1917 he managed to escape a death march at Perm in September 1918 and survived to write his memoirs about his time at court and his escape. These include his experience of events such as the Khodynka Tragedy.

Valet
A valet or varlet is a male servant who serves as personal attendant to his employer. In the Middle Ages and Ancien Régime, valet de chambre was a role for junior courtiers and specialists such as artists in a royal court, but the term "valet" by itself most often refers to a normal servant responsible for the clothes and personal belongings of an employer, and making minor arrangements. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, and the role is often confused with a butler.
2011 Medibank International Sydney – Women's doubles
Cara Black and Liezel Huber were the defending champions after defeating Tathiana Garbin and Nadia Petrova in the 2010 final. However they did not defend the title together, after splitting halfway through the 2010 season.
Black partnered with Anastasia Rodionova as the fourth seed, but they were eliminated in the first round, by Chuang Chia-jung and Hsieh Su-wei.
Huber played with Petrova as the second seed. They lost to Iveta Benešová and Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová in the semifinals. This pair reached the final and won this tournament, by defeating 3rd seeds Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik 4–6, 6–4, [10–7].

Liezel Huber
Liezel Huber (née Horn; born 21 August 1976) is a South African-American retired tennis player who represented the United States internationally since August 2007. Huber has won four Grand Slam titles in women's doubles with partner Cara Black, one with Lisa Raymond, and two mixed doubles titles with Bob Bryan. On 12 November 2007, she became the co-world No. 1 in doubles with Cara Black. On 19 April 2010, Huber became the sole No. 1 for the first time in her career.
Lisburn South (District Electoral Area)
Lisburn South is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Lisburn and Castlereagh, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council and contains the wards of Ballymacash, Ballymacoss, Knockmore, Lagan Valley, Lisnagarvey and Old Warren. Lisburn South forms part of the Lagan Valley constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1993 local elections, largely replacing the old Lisburn Town DEA and gaining areas from the Downshire DEA and Killultagh DEA, where it contained seven wards (Blaris, Hilden, Hillhall, Lagan Valley, Old Warren and Tonagh), and was known as Lisburn Town South. For the 2014 local elections, Blaris moved to Downshire West DEA, and Hilden moved to Lisburn North DEA, while Ballymacash, Ballymacoss and Lisnagarvey moved from Lisburn North DEA.

2014 Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council election
The first election to Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council, part of the Northern Ireland local elections on 22 May 2014, returned 40 members to the newly formed council via Single Transferable Vote. The Democratic Unionist Party won half of the seats.
MathPath
MathPath is a mathematics enrichment summer program for students ages 11–14 (middle-school age in the US). It is four weeks long, and moves to a different location each year. MathPath is visited by mathematicians such as John H. Conway and Francis Su.
It was probably the original, and is still one of the few, international residential high-end summer camps exclusively for mathematics and exclusively for students of middle school age.

Macalester College
Macalester College (/məˈkælɪstər/ mə-KAL-iss-tər) is a private liberal arts college in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1874, Macalester is exclusively an undergraduate institution with an enrollment of 2,068 students in the fall of 2025. The college has Scottish and Presbyterian roots and emphasizes internationalism and multiculturalism.

In 2023, the college offered 39 majors, 40 minors, and 11 concentrations. Students also have the option to design their own major. Macalester's sports teams compete in the NCAA Division III-level Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The college's 60-acre main campus is bordered by Summit Avenue to the north and St. Clair Avenue to the south. The 300-acre Ordway Field Station, a nature reserve and research station, is on the outskirts of the Twin Cities, along the Mississippi River.
CWA Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction
The CWA ALCS Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction also called the ALCS Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction is a British literary award established in 1978 by the Crime Writers' Association, who have awarded the CWA Gold Dagger for fiction since 1955. It is sponsored by the Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society, and is open to "any non-fiction work on a crime-related theme by an author of any nationality as long as the book was first published in the UK in English during the judging period." The prize is a cheque for £1,000 (reduced in 2009 from £2,000) and a decorative dagger.

In 1978 and 1979 only there was also a silver award. From 1995 to 2002 it was sponsored by The Macallan (Scotch whisky brand) and known as The Macallan Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction. In 2008 the award was sponsored by Owatonna Media (a London-based literary brand investor and owner). Between 2006 and 2010 it was awarded every other year, in even-numbered years, but in 2011 it returned as an annual award.

Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society
The Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS) is a British organisation that works to ensure that writers are fairly compensated for any of their works that are copied, broadcast or recorded. It has operated in the United Kingdom since 1977. From that year to 2016, the ALCS distributed over £450 million to authors, and at the end of 2016 had in excess of 90,000 members.
Comasina (Milan Metro)
Comasina is a station on Line 3 of the Milan Metro which opened on March 26, 2011, twenty-one years after the opening of the original trunk of the line. Since its opening, it is the northern terminus of the line and one of the four stations on Line 3 opened in 2011, part of the section from Dergano to Comasina.

This station is located in the Comasina district, and it allows interchange with several lines serving the northern part of the Province of Milan.

The station is underground and built on a single tunnel with two tracks.

Comasina
Comasina  (Italian pronunciation: [komaˈziːna]) is a district (quarter) of Milan, Italy. It is an area located 6km north of the city within Milan Zone 9.

45°31′35″N 9°09′40″E﻿ / ﻿45.52639°N 9.16111°E﻿ / 45.52639; 9.16111
Pride (White Lion album)
Pride is the second studio album by the American-Danish glam-metal band White Lion, released on June 22, 1987, by Atlantic Records.  The album featured the two top ten hits "Wait" and "When the Children Cry". It peaked at number 11 on the Billboard 200 and remained in the Billboard Top 200 for a full year, selling two million copies in the US alone.

Vito Bratta
Vito Bratta (born July 1, 1961) is an American guitarist and the former co-songwriter for the glam metal band White Lion. He co-founded White Lion with lead singer Mike Tramp in 1983 and played with the band until 1991.
Rowsley railway station, Victoria
Rowsley railway station was a railway station on the Serviceton railway line. It was opened in 1889 when the track was laid through the small town of Rowsley, Victoria. A siding replaced the station in 1959. It was once the location of a branch line to Maddingley Mine.

Maddingley Mine
Maddingley Mine is a mine near Bacchus Marsh Railway Station, Victoria, Australia, that contains a concentration of a particular brown coal (lignite) formation called Leonardite. A relatively high altitude formation, Maddingley brown coal is distinguished as having 60% moisture content and a rich fulvic acid and humic acid content. A declared strategic State mining reserve, the estimated 400 million tonne deposit at Maddingley is the largest of three known deposits of high value Leonardite in the world, the others occurring in Mexico and Germany.
Betances
Betances is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dellin Betances (born 1988), American baseball player

Juan Betances (born 1983), Dominican sprinter

Ramón Emeterio Betances (1827–1898), Puerto Rican independence advocate and medical doctor

Dellin Betances
Dellin Betances (/ˈdɛlɪn bəˈtænsɪs/; born March 23, 1988) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees and New York Mets from 2011 to 2021. Betances was named an MLB All-Star from 2014 to 2017.
Littlewood Nunataks
The Littlewood Nunataks (77°53′S 34°20′W﻿ / ﻿77.883°S 34.333°W﻿ / -77.883; -34.333) are a group of four lichen-covered nunataks, rising to about 250 metres (800 ft) between Schweitzer Glacier and Lerchenfeld Glacier, on the Luitpold Coast of Antarctica. The nunataks are brick red in color. They were discovered and first roughly charted by the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12, under Wilhelm Filchner. They were visited by helicopter from the icebreaker USS Edisto on January 28, 1959, by John C. Behrendt of the United States Geological Survey, and Lieutenant Erickson, U.S. Navy, and were named by Behrendt after oceanographer William H. Littlewood of the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, who worked in this and adjacent parts of the Weddell Sea area during Operation Deep Freeze 1957 and 1959.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Portrait of Mary Gainsborough
Portrait of Mary Gainsborough is a 1777 portrait painting by the British artist Thomas Gainsborough featuring his elder daughter Mary Gainsborough. In 1780 she married the German musician Johann Christian Fischer but the relationship quickly ended in separation. Gainsborough admired Old Masters, and the painting resembles the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens's portrait of his wife.

At the time he produced the work, Gainsborough was a leading portraitist of London high society having moved there from the fashionable spa resort of Bath. Around the same time he produced Margaret Gainsborough, holding a Theorbo, a portrait of her younger sister. The works remained in the family for many years. Today the painting of Mary is in the collection of the Tate Britain, having been acquired in 1945. In 2025 it went on display at the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square.

Old Master
In art history, "Old Master" (or "old master") refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print (for example an engraving, woodcut, or etching) made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master drawing" is used in the same way.

In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.
Sudoeste Rio-Grandense
Sudoeste Rio-Grandense (Southwest of Rio Grande) is one of the seven mesoregions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It consists of 19 municipalities, grouped in three microregions:

Campanha Central

Campanha Meridional

Campanha Ocidental

Microregion of Campanha Ocidental
The Campanha Ocidental micro-region (Microrregião de Campanha Ocidental, meaning the western fields in Portuguese) is a microregion in the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The area is 31,125.429 km2 making it the largest micro-region in the state nearly covering one-tenth of the entire state, much of the central and eastern portions remain underpopulated.
Shropshire Royal Horse Artillery
The Shropshire Royal Horse Artillery was a Territorial Force Royal Horse Artillery battery that was formed in Shropshire in 1908 from the Shropshire Battery of the 1st Shropshire and Staffordshire Artillery Volunteers, Royal Garrison Artillery of the Volunteer Force. It saw active service during the First World War on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of an Army Field Artillery Brigade. A second line battery, 2/1st Shropshire RHA, also served on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of another Army Field Artillery Brigade. It was reconstituted post-war as a medium artillery battery and served as such in the Second World War.

QF 18-pounder gun
The Ordnance QF 18-pounder, or simply 18-pounder gun, was the standard British Empire field gun of the First World War era. It formed the backbone of the Royal Field Artillery during the war, and was produced in large numbers. It was used by British Forces in all the main theatres, and by British troops in Russia in 1919. Its calibre (84 mm) and shell weight were greater than those of the equivalent field guns in French (75 mm) and German (77 mm) service. It was generally horse drawn until mechanisation in the 1930s.

The first versions were introduced in 1904. Later versions remained in service with British forces until early 1942. During the interwar period, the 18-pounder was developed into the early versions of the Ordnance QF 25-pounder, which would form the basis of the British artillery forces during and after the Second World War in much the same fashion as the 18-pounder had during the First.
Pilot Island NW Site
The Pilot Island NW Site is the site of three shipwrecks on the northwest side of Pilot Island in Door County, Wisconsin. The shipwrecks lie in Lake Michigan under 20 to 50 feet (6.1 to 15.2 m) of water; buoys placed by the Wisconsin Historical Society mark their locations. The first ship, the Forest, sank at a shoal on Pilot Island on October 28, 1891, while attempting to pass through Porte des Morts. In 1892, the J.E. Gilmore sank at the site while navigating the passage on October 17. The third ship, the A.P. Nichols, sank at the site in a storm on October 28 of the same year. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 19, 1992.

Shipwreck
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of shipwrecking, which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately three million shipwrecks worldwide as of January 1999, according to Angela Croome, a science writer and author who specialized in the history of underwater archaeology  (an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations).
When a ship's crew has died or abandoned the ship, and the ship has remained adrift but unsunk, they are instead referred to as ghost ships.