hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John L. Locke
John L. Locke is an American biolinguist who has contributed to the understanding of language development and the evolution of language. His work has focused on how language emerges in the social context of interaction between infants, children and caregivers, how speech and language disorders can shed light on the normal developmental process and vice versa, how brain and cognitive science can help illuminate language capability and learning, and on how the special life history of humans offers perspectives on why humans are so much more intensely social and vocally communicative than their primate relatives. In recent time he has authored widely accessible volumes designed for the general public on the nature of human communication and its origins.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Hamish Canham Prize
The Hamish Canham Prize is awarded annually by the Poetry Society to the best poem featured in the Members' Poems competition of Poetry News. Poetry News is a quarterly newsletter with features, interviews and poetry circulated to members of the Poetry Society.

Each Members' Poems competition is judged by a professional poet. Judges have included Luke Kennard, Carrie Etter and David Wheatley.

The prize was established in 2004 by Sheena and Hugh Canham, in memory of their son, Hamish Canham (1962 – 2003).

Luke Kennard (poet)
Luke Kennard (born 1981) is a British poet, critic, novelist and lecturer.

He won an Eric Gregory Award in 2005 for his first collection The Solex Brothers. His second collection, The Harbour Beyond The Movie, was shortlisted for the 2007 Forward Prize for Best Collection, making him the youngest ever poet to be nominated. In 2014 he was named as one of the Poetry Book Society's Next Generation Poets. His debut novel, The Transition, was published by Fourth Estate in March 2017. The novel was a BBC Radio 4 Book at Bedtime. His poetry collection Notes on the Sonnets won the 2021 Forward Prize for Best Collection.
GNR Class L1
The Great Northern Railway (GNR) Class L1 (LNER Class R1) was a 0-8-2T side tank steam locomotive designed by Henry Ivatt. It was originally designed for suburban passenger traffic on the Metropolitan City Lines.

A prototype was built in 1903, but it was overweight, so it was rebuilt with a smaller boiler and shorter side tanks.  Ten more engines were then built to this modified design.  During the "small boiler" era, the cylinders were lined to 18" to match the boilers.

In 1905 and 1906, thirty more engines were built for working goods trains in the West Riding of Yorkshire.  The original eleven engines were not a great success on passenger services so, in 1907, they were moved to the West Riding for goods work.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Monzie Castle
56°23′57″N 3°49′34″W﻿ / ﻿56.3993°N 3.8262°W﻿ / 56.3993; -3.8262

Monzie Castle is a castellated mansion, near Monzie in Perth and Kinross, Scotland that incorporates an L-plan, early 17th-century building that was enlarged in 1797–1800. It is a category A listed building.

The current house interior dates from 1908 following the destruction of the later portion of the mansion by fire. The exterior splits into two clear sections: the original L-plan house of 1634 and the 1790 section by John Paterson, a pupil of Robert Adam.

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross (Scots: Pairth an Kinross; Scottish Gaelic: Peairt agus Ceann Rois) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Dundee, and Fife to the east, Clackmannanshire to the south, and Stirling and Argyll and Bute to the west.

Geographically the area is split by the Highland Boundary Fault into a more mountainous northern part and a flatter southern part. The northern area is a popular tourist spot, while agriculture makes an important contribution to the southern part of the area.

The area is run by Perth and Kinross Council, which is based in Perth.
Sakmarsky District
Sakmarsky District (Russian: Сакмарский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,061 square kilometers (796 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Sakmara. Population: 29,179 (2010 Census);  28,569 (2002 Census); 26,384 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sakmara accounts for 17.2% of the total district's population.

Orenburg Oblast
Orenburg Oblast (also Orenburzhye) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe, with some land in the southern and eastern portions of the oblast falling within Asia. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkalov. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast had a population of 1,862,767, down from 2,033,072 in the 2010 Census.
Michael Scharf (poet)
Michael Nathan Scharf (born January 6, 1969, in Albany, New York) is an American poet and critic. Scharf's poetry "mimics a vernacular language so debased it does actual harm." He was poetry reviews editor at Publishers Weekly from 1997 until 2006. At Poets & Writers magazine, he founded and wrote the column Metromania. In 1999, he founded Harry Tankoos Books, which publishes books and chapbooks; in 2006, with the poet Joshua Clover, he co-founded the small press ingirumimusnocteetconsumimurigni, publisher of Kevin Killian's Action Kylie, among other books. He holds an A.B. in cognitive science from Vassar College, and a M.A. in linguistics from Brown University. His work has appeared in Chain, ubuweb, Jacket, the Germ, and the Poetry Daily Essentials anthology.

UbuWeb
UbuWeb is a digital library of freely downloadable avant-garde art, film, music as well as visual, concrete and sound poetry. The site includes mp3 archives of early internet and sound art. The site was created by poet Kenneth Goldsmith in 1996 to provide web-based educational resources to "a substantial user base." In the book Duchamp is my Lawyer: The Polemics, Pragmatics, and Poetics of UbuWeb, Goldsmith notes that "it’s hard to say exactly who these users are since we don’t keep tabs on them."

In January 2024, UbuWeb announced it was no longer active, posting: "As of 2024, UbuWeb is no longer active. The archive is preserved for perpetuity, in its entirety". In February 2025 the site resumed its activities, citing the "political changes in America and elsewhere around the world" as a reason to be active again.
Freddy Herrera
Freddy Eladio Herrera Cheng (born December 17, 1973) is a baseball outfielder. He played on the Panama national baseball team and appeared in the 2006 World Baseball Classic.

In the 1999 Pan American Games, he hit a two-run home run, but that wasn't enough to overcome Team USA. He hit .387 with seven doubles in the 2001 Baseball World Cup, and in the 2002 Intercontinental Cup he hit .324. In the 2005 Baseball World Cup, Herrera hit .389 with 10 runs and 10 RBI in 11 games.

Herrera had only one hit in seven at-bats in the 2006 World Baseball Classic. He had three hits in 17 at-bats in the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games and in the 2006 Pan American Baseball Confederation qualifier for the 2008 Olympics he hit only .219.

In the 2007 Pan American Games, Herrera had three hits in 11 at-bats, and he had three hits in nine at-bats in the 2007 Baseball World Cup. In the 2008 Americas Baseball Cup, he hit .160.

2001 Baseball World Cup
The 2001 Baseball World Cup (BWC) was the 34th international Men's amateur baseball tournament. The tournament was sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation, which titled it the Amateur World Series from the 1938 tournament through the 1986 AWS. The tournament was held, for the first time, in Taiwan, from 6 to 18 November. Cuba defeated the United States in the final, winning its 23rd title.

There were 16 participating countries, split into two groups, with the first four of each group qualifying for the finals.

The next five competitions were also held as the BWC tournament, which was replaced in 2015 by the quadrennial WBSC Premier12.
Dialipina
Dialipina is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine bony fish from the Early Devonian. It contains two species, both known from the high Arctic of Asia and North America. It was initially thought to be and sometimes still is treated as an early, basal actinopterygian, but recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that it may instead be a stem-osteichthyan.

The following species are known:

†D. markae Schultze, 1992 - Lochkovian of Kotelny Island, Russia

†D. salgueiroensis Schultze, 1968 (type species) - Emsian of the Northwest Territories, Canada (Bear Rock Formation)

The early Devonian stem-gnathostome Janusiscus was described from remains from the Siberian mainland that were previously attributed to D. markae.

Emsian
The Emsian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 410.62 ±1.95 million years ago to 393.47 ±0.99 million years ago. It was preceded by the Pragian Stage and followed by the Eifelian Stage. It is named after the Ems river in Germany. The GSSP is located in the Zinzil'ban Gorge in the Kitab State Geological Reserve of Uzbekistan, 35 centimetres (14 in) above the contact with the Madmon Formation.

In North America the Emsian Stage is represented by Sawkill or Sawkillian time.
Archdiocese of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz
The Archdiocese of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Latin: Archidioecesis Sanctae Fidei Verae Crucis is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Argentina. A metropolitan see, there are two suffragan sees in its ecclesiastical province: Rafaela and Reconquista.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
Moscow City Duma District 41
Moscow City Duma District 41 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers outer parts of Western Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2019 by United Russia member Yevgeny Gerasimov, a former actor and six-term Moscow City Duma member, who moved from District 4 to succeed retiring United Russia incumbent and INGRAD president Pavel Poselyonov.

Yevgeni Gerasimov (actor)
Yevgeni Vladimirovich Gerasimov (Russian: Евге́ний Влади́мирович Гера́симов; born 25 February 1951) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, film director, people's artist of the Russian Federation (1994) and a Moscow City Duma deputy from the United Russia party.

He is most known for his part in the television series Guest from the Future.
Nanosat 01
The Nanosat 01, sometimes written as NanoSat-1 or NanoSat 01, was an artificial satellite developed by the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) and launched 18 December 2004. Considered a nano satellite for its weight of less than 20 kg, its main mission was forwarding communications between far reaching points of the Earth such as Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base from mainland Spain. This was possible due to its polar orbit and altitude of 650 km above sea level. During an operational run the data obtained in the Antarctic would be uploaded to the satellite during its fly by and then, downloaded in Spain when satellite reached the Iberian Peninsula.

When its service life came to an end in 2009, it was replaced by the Nanosat-1B, also developed by INTA.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Chuvashsky Timerlek
Chuvashsky Timerlek (Russian: Чувашский Тимерлек; Tatar: Чуаш Тимерлеге, Çuaş Timerlege; Chuvash: Чăваш Тĕкĕрмел, Çăvaş Tĕkĕrmel) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nurlatsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Timerlichka River (right tributary of the Bolshoy Cheremshan), 50 kilometers (31 mi) northwest of Nurlat, the administrative center of Nurlatsky District.  Population: 469 (1992 est.), predominantly the Chuvash people.

Chuvashsky Timerlek was founded in the 19th century.

There is a secondary school, a kindergarten, and a library, along with two convenience stores, a forestry, and a community center.

54°37′59″N 50°16′03″E﻿ / ﻿54.63306°N 50.26750°E﻿ / 54.63306; 50.26750

Bolshoy Cheremshan
Bolshoy Cheremshan (Russian: Большой Черемшан, lit. 'Greater Cheremshan'; Tatar: Олы Чирмешән; Chuvash: Мăн Çарăмсан) is a river in Russia, a left tributary of the Volga between the Kama and Samara. It is 336 kilometres (209 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 11,500 square kilometres (4,400 sq mi). It flows southwest to the Volga near Dimitrovgrad. The main inflows are the Bolshaya Sulcha and Maly Cheremshan. The maximal discharge is 1,660 cubic metres per second (59,000 cu ft/s) (1979), and the minimal mineralization is 600-800 mg/l. The riverbed is meandering and the meadows are wide. From around 1650 the Trans-Kama Line of forts ran along or near the Cheremshan.
1993 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Matrix Essentials Evert Cup
The 1993 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Matrix Essentials Evert Cup was a combined men's and women's tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 20th edition of the tournament, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1993 ATP Tour and of the WTA Tier II Series of the 1993 WTA Tour. It was held from February 22 through February 28 (women) and March 1 to March 15, 1993 (men) at the Grand Champions Resort in Indian Wells, California in the United States.

The men singles was headlined by world No. 1 Jim Courier, Pete Sampras and Stefan Edberg. Other top seeds were Michael Chang, Petr Korda, Goran Ivanišević, Andre Agassi and Michael Stich.

The women's singles draw featured Mary Joe Fernández, Katerina Maleeva and Magdalena Maleeva as the top seeded players.

Indian Wells, California
Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between the cities of Palm Desert and La Quinta. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 4,757.

The city hosts the sixth-largest tennis tournament in the world, the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament, presently known as the BNP Paribas Open. The Indian Wells Masters is one of nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals, and one of the four mandatory WTA 1000 tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association. It is held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, which contains the second-largest tennis-specific stadium in the world.
2015 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2015 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship of Prince Edward Island, were held from January 23 to 26 at the Silver Fox Curling & Yacht Club in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. The winning team was the Suzanne Birt rink from Charlottetown who represented Prince Edward Island at the 2015 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.

Summerside, Prince Edward Island
Summerside is a Canadian city in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, consisting of the amalgamated communities of Summerside, St Eleanors, and Wilmot. It is the second largest city in the province and the primary service centre for the western part of the island.
Thinning
In agricultural sciences, thinning is the removal of some plants, or parts of plants, to make room for the growth of others. Selective removal of parts of a plant such as branches, buds, or roots is typically known as pruning.

In forestry, thinning is the selective removal of trees, primarily undertaken to improve the growth rate or health of the remaining trees. Overcrowded trees are under competitive stress from their neighbors. Thinning may be done to increase the resistance of the stand to environmental stress such as drought, insect infestation, extreme temperature, or wildfire.

Bud
In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of a stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be specialized to develop flowers or short shoots or may have the potential for general shoot development. The term bud is also used in zoology, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which can develop into a new individual.
Carroll Community School District
42°04′15″N 94°51′57″W﻿ / ﻿42.070861°N 94.865787°W﻿ / 42.070861; -94.865787

Carroll Community School District is a public school district headquartered in Carroll, Iowa.

The district, entirely within Carroll County, serves Carroll, Breda, Dedham, Halbur, Lidderdale, and Willey, as well as most of Templeton. The mascot of the Carroll Community School District is the Carroll Tigers. School mascots and associated imagery play a significant role in fostering community identity and school spirit within rural districts.

Carroll County, Iowa
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,760. Its county seat is Carroll. The county is named in honor of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence.
1991 Holsten International – Doubles
Pieter Aldrich and Danie Visser were the defending champions, but Aldrich did not compete this year. Visser teamed up with Neil Broad and lost in semifinals to Jan Siemerink and Daniel Vacek.

Petr Korda and Karel Nováček won the title by defeating Jan Siemerink and Daniel Vacek 3–6, 7–5, 7–5 in the final.

Neil Broad
Neil Broad (born 20 November 1966) is a former professional tennis player who represented Great Britain for most of his playing career. He is a former UK number 1 who won seven ATP tour doubles titles in his career, and won the silver medal in doubles at the 1996 Summer Olympics partnering Tim Henman.
Sarai, Russia
Sarai (Russian: Сараи) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Sarai, Ryazan Oblast, a work settlement in Sarayevsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Rural localities

Sarai, Altai Krai, a selo in Stukovsky Selsoviet of Pavlovsky District of Altai Krai

Sarai, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Azhinovskoye Rural Settlement of Bagayevsky District of Rostov Oblast

Bagayevsky District
Bagayevsky District (Russian: Бага́евский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 950.6 square kilometers (367.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Bagayevskaya. Population: 34,813 (2010 Census);  34,665 (2002 Census); 32,298 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bagayevskaya accounts for 44.4% of the district's total population.
SRC Biljanini Izvori
SRC Biljanini Izvori (Macedonian: СРЦ "Билјанини извори") is a multi-purpose stadium in Ohrid, North Macedonia. It has a seating capacity of 3,978 and is the home ground of FK Ohrid Lihnidos, FK Voska Sport and ŽFK Biljanini Izvori. It has also been used by North Macedonia's national team for training.

North Macedonia national football team
The North Macedonia national football team (Macedonian: Фудбалска репрезентација на Македонија, romanized: Fudbalska reprezentacija na Makedonija) represents North Macedonia in men's international football. It is administered by the Football Federation of Macedonia. The team plays their home matches at the Toše Proeski National Arena in Skopje.

North Macedonia has reached Euro 2020 (its first major tournament) and the European qualifying play-off final of the 2022 World Cup (after defeating Germany in Duisburg and Italy in Palermo).
Moonta Herald and Northern Territory Gazette
The Moonta Herald and Northern Territory Gazette was a newspaper produced on the vessel SS Moonta that was sailed by George Goyder in 1868 and 1869 from Port Adelaide to Darwin. The aim of the 41-day voyage was to provide an initial survey of what was to become the Northern Territory.

It consisted of five issues (Saturdays, 2-30 January 1869) and a supplement (Wednesday 24 February 1869), and an additional issue that was released when the vessel reached Port Darwin, where its reporting captures some of the earliest colonial impressions of the sea and land surrounding the site. The issues, which were distributed to all the people on Moonta, contained comedic articles, a lost and found section, advertisements for on-board events such as concerts, and more. The original newspapers were hand-written, but it was professionally printed later in Adelaide.

Port Adelaide
Port Adelaide is a port-side region of Adelaide, approximately 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest of the Adelaide CBD. It is also the namesake of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield council, a suburb, a federal and state electoral division and is the main port for the city of Adelaide. Port Adelaide played an important role in the formative decades of Adelaide and South Australia, with the port being early Adelaide's main supply and information link to the rest of the world. Its Kaurna name, although not officially adopted as a dual name, is Yertabulti.