hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Centre for Earthquake Studies
33°44′N 73°09′E﻿ / ﻿33.733°N 73.150°E﻿ / 33.733; 73.150

The Centre for Earthquake Studies (CES) (Urdu: مرکز برائے تحقیق و مطالعہِ زلزلہ) is a federally funded research institute and national laboratory dedicated to the advancement in understanding of natural vibration, seismology, and artificial yield-based energy measurement of seismic waves.

The CES was established through federal funding as a direct response to, and on the same day as, the devastating 2005 Kashmir earthquake in order to understand earthquakes and provide scientific prediction of quakes to improve earthquake preparedness. The CES is the only national site in Pakistan working on earthquake precursors.

The national laboratory is headquartered in the campus area of the National Centre for Physics (NCP) and conducts mathematical research in earth sciences, in close coordination with the NCP.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Salicylate 1-O-methyltransferase
Salicylate 1-O-methyltransferase (abbrev. SAMT), also known as S-adenosyl-L-methionine:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase and salicylate carboxymethyltransferase is a methyltransferase enzyme that is expressed in flowering plants that catalyzes the following chemical reaction

S adenosyl L-methionine + salicylate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl salicylate

The enzyme also possesses the activity of benzoate O-methyltransferase. While the enzyme from the plant zea mays is for benzoate, the enzymes from arabidopsis species and clarkia breweri also catalyze the reaction of this enzyme. In antirrhinum majus two isoforms exist, one for benzoate and one that is active to salicylate. Its volatile product is an odor compound in some species.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis (rockcress) is a genus of small flowering plants in the cabbage and mustard family, Brassicaceae. Arabidopsis species are native to temperate and subarctic Eurasia and North America, North Africa, and the mountains of eastern tropical Africa. This genus is of great interest since it contains thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced. Changes in thale cress are easily observed, making it a very useful model.
Raymond Price (rugby)
Harold Raymond Price (18 January 1924 – September 1988) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He was regarded as one of the finest post-war Stand-offs in the sport.

At club level he played rugby union (RU) for Abertillery RFC, and at representative level he played rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, Other Nationalities and Wales. At club level he played for Belle Vue Rangers, Warrington and St. Helens.

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
2002 Copa AT&T – Doubles
Lucas Arnold and Tomás Carbonell were the defending champions but only Arnold competed that year with Luis Lobo.

Arnold and Lobo lost in the first round to Gastón Etlis and Martín Rodríguez.

Etlis and Rodríguez won in the final 3–6, 6–3, [10–4] against Simon Aspelin and Andrew Kratzmann.

Gastón Etlis
Gastón Ariel Etlis (born 4 November 1974) is a former tennis player from Argentina.

The right-hander won four career titles in doubles, and reached his highest ATP rankings of World No. 114 in singles May 2000 and World No. 17 in doubles in January 2005. Etlis' greatest success in singles came in the final tournament of his singles career, reaching the semifinals of Costa do Sauípe in 2003.
Sari Shihab
Sari Muhammad Hasan Shihab, known as Abu Khalid al-Muhandis (1973 – 22 August 2019), was a Jordanian national born in 1973 who was a member of the different groups that were founded by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. He was one of the initial members of the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad organization which was founded by al-Zarqawi in 1999. Shihab was also known as Abu Safar and Suhayb. Shihab was one of five al-Qaeda leaders who were released by Iran in March 2015 in exchange for a kidnapped Iranian diplomat in Yemen. The other four were Saif al-Adel, Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah, Abu Khayr al-Masri and Khalid al-Aruri.

According to one report, Sari Shihab was "involved in WMD programs and plots." Sky News described Shihab and Al-Aruri as "The Iranians have also released two lesser known, though no less dangerous, operatives, both of Jordanian descent."

Shihab was killed in an explosion in Idlib, Syria on August 22, 2019.

Abu Khayr al-Masri
Abdullah Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Rajab Abd al-Rahman (Arabic: عبد الله عبد الرحمن محمد رجب عبد الرحمن), known as Ahmad Hasan Abu al-Khayr al-Masri (Arabic: أحمد حسن أبو الخير المصري), (3 November 1957 – 26 February 2017) was an Egyptian al-Qaeda leader who has been described as the general deputy to al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri.
Close Quarters Battle Receiver
The Close Quarter Battle Receiver (CQBR) is a replacement upper receiver for the M4A1 carbine developed by the US Navy.

The CQBR features a 10.3 in (262 mm) length barrel (similar to the Colt Commando short-barreled M16 variants of the past) which makes the weapon significantly more compact, thus making it easier to use in, and around, vehicles and in tight, confined spaces. The overall length of the upper receiver is 19.25 in (489 mm). With the stock collapsed, the overall length of the weapon is 26.75 in (679 mm). Those created as complete rifles (rather than only upper receivers) are type designated as Mk 18 MOD 0/1.

Special forces units utilize the CQBR for scenarios such as VIP protection, urban warfare, and other close quarters battle (CQB) situations.

Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle
The United States Navy Mk 12 MOD 0/1/H Special Purpose Rifle (SPR) is a designated marksman rifle that was in service with United States Special Operations Forces in the designated marksman role until 2017, also designed to be shorter than standard weapons. SPR initially stood for Special Purpose Receiver as it referred to an add-on upper receiver assembly (part of the proposed SOPMOD upgrades), but that nomenclature changed to Special Purpose Rifle as the weapon became a stand-alone weapons system.

The SPR was eventually type-classified by the U.S. Navy as the Mk 12. The weapon was developed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division for US military special operations units.

The rifle is designed to fire semi-automatically, although it has the option to fire in full auto in case of emergencies.
Stoke Poges
Stoke Poges (/ˈstoʊkˈpoʊdʒɪz/) is a village and civil parish in south-east Buckinghamshire, England. It is centred 3 miles (5 km) north-north-east of Slough, its post town, and is 2 miles (3 km) southeast of Farnham Common. In 2021, it had a population of 5,067.

Walter de Frece
Sir Abraham Walter de Frece (7 October 1870 – 7 January 1935) was a British theatre impresario, and later Conservative Party politician, who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1920 to 1931. His wife was the celebrated male impersonator Vesta Tilley.
Gerard Bruggink
Gerardus Meinardus Bruggink (4 August 1917 – 5 December 2005) was a Dutch pilot of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. A recipient of the Military Order of William, he was one of only four Dutch pilots to dogfight the Japanese in the Battle of Java.

Born in Tubbergen, Overijssel, Bruggink followed a Catholic seminary. He met his wife, Corien, while serving in the Dutch East Indies and they were married in January 1942. A replica B-339C Brewster Buffalo (B-3107) was built in July 2008 and delivered to the National Military Museum in Soesterberg, Netherlands, carrying the markings of the plane flown by Bruggink.

Overijssel
Overijssel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌoːvərˈɛisəl] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Oaveriessel [ˌɒːvərˈiːsl̩]; German: Oberyssel; lit. 'Outer IJssel') is a province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province borders Drenthe to the north, Friesland to the north-west, Flevoland (and a small part of the IJsselmeer) to the west, Gelderland to the south and west, and Germany's states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia to the east. Overijssel had a population of about 1,184,000 as of January 2023.

The province's name comes from the perspective of the Episcopal principality of Utrecht, which held the territory until 1528. The capital city of Overijssel is Zwolle (pop. 132,441) and the largest city is Enschede (pop. 161,235). The land mostly consists of grasslands and some forests (including Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park).
Spondylurus macleani
Spondylurus macleani, also known commonly as the Carrot Rock skink and the slippery back, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Mabuyinae of the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the islet of Carrot Rock in the British Virgin Islands.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Pukaki River
The Pukaki River flows through the Mackenzie Basin, Canterbury, in New Zealand's South Island.

Originally, the river flowed southwest for 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the southern end of Lake Pukaki before joining with the Tekapo River and flowing into the northern end of Lake Benmore. However, all water from Lake Pukaki is now diverted into a canal which is fed through three hydroelectric stations before being returned directly into Lake Benmore, as part of the Waitaki Hydroelectric scheme. Occasionally, water may be spilled down the riverbed when Lake Pukaki reaches its maximum height, or if a canal or power station requires servicing.

In 2010, Meridian Energy applied for resource consents to build a 35 MW power station at Pukaki's gate 18. Consent was granted for the project in July 2011. Consent for the project expires in 2021.

Meridian Energy
Meridian Energy Limited is a New Zealand electricity generator and retailer. The company generates the largest proportion of New Zealand's electricity, generating 35 percent of the country's electricity in the year ending December 2014, and is the fourth largest retailer, with 14 percent of market share in terms of customers as of December 2015.

Meridian was one of three electricity companies formed from the break-up of the Electricity Corporation of New Zealand (ECNZ) in 1998–99, taking over the Waitaki River and the Manapouri hydro schemes. Originally a state-owned enterprise wholly owned by the New Zealand Government, the company was partially privatised in October 2013 by the Fifth National Government, with the government retaining a 51.02% shareholding.

Today, Meridian operates seven hydroelectric power stations and one wind farm in the South Island of New Zealand, and four wind farms in the North Island.
Aliwal Shoal
The Aliwal Shoal is a rocky reef which is the remains of an ancient sand dune approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) off the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The reef is inhabited by many kinds of hard and soft corals and other marine invertebrates, and a variety of tropical and subtropical fish species. Aliwal Shoal was named after the near-sinking in 1849 of the three-masted vessel Aliwal, captained by James Anderson. There are two wrecks near the reef that are popular recreational dive sites. The Norwegian bulk carrier MV Produce sank in 1974, and SS Nebo sank in 1884. Aliwal Shoal has diverse marine life, including large predators, and is popular as a recreational scuba diving destination. The Shoal is known especially for its abundance of Grey nurse sharks (known locally as ragged tooth sharks or "raggies") between July and November when the sharks congregate there to mate.

Stylophora pistillata
Stylophora pistillata, commonly known as hood coral or smooth cauliflower coral, is a species of stony coral in the family Pocilloporidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region and is commonly used in scientific investigations.
Mount Banahaw
Mount Banahaw (IPA: [bɐˈnahaʊ]; also spelled as Banahao and Banájao) is an active complex volcano on Luzon in the Philippines. The three-peaked volcano is located at the boundary of Laguna and Quezon provinces. It is the highest mountain in both provinces and Calabarzon region, dominating the landscape for miles around.

The mountain is considered by many a holy mountain, thus a bundok dambana, and is popular among pilgrims along with mountain climbers. It is located in a protected area known as Mounts Banahaw–San Cristobal Protected Landscape covering 10,901 hectares (26,940 acres) of land.

Indigenous Philippine shrines and sacred grounds
Indigenous Philippine shrines and sacred grounds are places regarded as holy within the indigenous Philippine folk religions. These places usually serve as grounds for communication with the spirit world, especially to the deities and ancestral spirits. In some cases, they also function as safeguards for the caskets of ancestors, as well as statues or other objects depicting divine entities.
Ponmaanai Thedi
Ponmaanai Thedi (transl. In search of the golden deer) is a 1998 Indian Tamil language film directed by Paari. The film stars Saravanan and Suvarna Mathew, with Vinu Chakravarthy, R. Sundarrajan, Delhi Ganesh, Vadivelu, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, and Sathyapriya playing supporting roles. It was released on 6 November 1998. Two years after release, the producers were given a ₹5 lakh (equivalent to ₹21 lakh or US$24,000 in 2023) subsidy by the Tamil Nadu government along with several other films.

R. Sundarrajan
R. Sundarrajan is an Indian film director, actor, comedian and writer for Tamil language films. Active primarily in the 1980s and the 1990s as a filmmaker, he appeared more often as an actor thereafter. Sundarajan is known for his silver jubilee films such as Payanangal Mudivathillai (1982), Vaidehi Kathirunthal (1984), Rajadhi Raja (1989) and Thirumathi Palanisamy (1992). He had directed over 25 films in his illustrious career and most of them became profitable ventures in the box office.
Papa Stour Sword Dance
The Papa Stour Sword Dance, or Shetland Sword Dance, is a British linked sword dance involving seven dancers, who represent the Seven Champions of Christendom: St. James of Spain, St Denis of France, St. David of Wales, St. Patrick of Ireland, St. Anthony of Italy, St Andrew of Scotland, and St. George of England. The dance originated on the island of Papa Stour in Shetland.

According to popular tradition the dance was on the brink of extinction by the early 1800s, until Sir Walter Scott wrote a fictional account of it in his novel The Pirate. Scott included a description and the script of the real dance in the notes to the Magnum Opus edition of the novel.

The music for the Papa Stour Sword Dance is a muckle reel mostly in quadruple meter. There are multiple versions of the lyrics.

Andrew the Apostle
Andrew the Apostle (Koine Greek: Ἀνδρέας, romanized: Andréas [anˈdre.aːs̠]; Latin: Andreas [än̪ˈd̪reː.äːs]; Aramaic: אַנדּרֵאוָס; Classical Syriac: ܐܰܢܕ݁ܪܶܐܘܳܣ, romanized: ʾAnd'raʾwās) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus.

The title First-Called (Πρωτόκλητος, Prōtoklētos) used by the Eastern Orthodox Church stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognising him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Peter to him.

According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Andrew is the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
Human Resource Machine
Human Resource Machine is a visual programming-based puzzle video game developed by Tomorrow Corporation. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X and Wii U in 2015, being additionally released for Linux in March 2016,  for iOS in June 2016, for Android in December 2016 and for the Nintendo Switch in March 2017. Human Resource Machine uses the concept of a corporate office worker assigned to perform tasks that involve moving objects between an inbox, an outbox, and to and from storage areas as a metaphor for assembly language concepts. The player works through some forty puzzles in constructing a program to complete a specific task.

A sequel, 7 Billion Humans, was released on August 23, 2018.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Palladium compounds
Palladium forms a variety of ionic, coordination, and organopalladium compounds, typically with oxidation state Pd0 or Pd2+. Palladium(III) compounds have also been reported. Palladium compounds are frequently used as catalysts in cross-coupling reactions such as the Sonogashira coupling and Suzuki reaction.

Sonogashira coupling
The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds. It employs a palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst to form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide.

R1: aryl or vinyl
R2: arbitrary
X: I, Br, Cl or OTf

The Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction has been employed in a wide variety of areas, due to its usefulness in the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions, such as at room temperature, in aqueous media, and with a mild base, which has allowed for the use of the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in the synthesis of complex molecules. Its applications include pharmaceuticals, natural products, organic materials, and nanomaterials. Specific examples include its use in the synthesis of tazarotene, which is a treatment for psoriasis and acne, and in the preparation of SIB-1508Y, also known as Altinicline, a nicotinic receptor agonist.
Riberan dialect
The Riberan dialect, also known as Reviran, Arribenian, or Riberenian, was a dialect of Eastern Astur-Leonese spoken in the north-western region of La Ribera in the province of Salamanca, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It has since been replaced by Castilian as the sole language of the region.

It was known for being extremely similar to the Sayaguese dialect of Zamora and the Mirandese language spoken in several Portuguese municipalities which include Miranda do Douro.

Zamora, Spain
Zamora (Spanish: [θaˈmoɾa] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital of the province of Zamora. The city straddles the Duero river. With its 24 characteristic Romanesque style churches of the 12th and 13th centuries it has been called a "museum of Romanesque art". Zamora is the city with the most Romanesque churches in all of Europe. The most important celebration in Zamora is Holy Week.

Zamora is part of the natural comarca of Tierra del Pan and it is the head of the judicial district of Zamora.
Tu Tithe Mee
Tu Tithe Mee is an Indian Marathi-language family drama film released on 22 April 1998. The film was produced by Smita Talwalkar and directed by Sanjay Surkar. It received the Best Feature Film in Marathi award at the 46th National Film Awards. The film was a commercial success and grossed ₹25 lakh (US$58,074.03) from Pune's Prabhat Cinema alone.

Ravindra Sathe
Ravindra Sathe  (born 7 February 1951) is an Indian playback singer in Marathi film industry. He was the original cast and crew member of famous Marathi theatre play Ghashiram Kotwal. He had been awarded Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer 10 times.
Tereza Fišerová
Tereza Fišerová (born 23 February 1998) is a Czech slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2013. Fišerová competes in all canoe slalom disciplines - C1, K1, kayak cross and even mixed C2 before it was discontinued.

She won 10 medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three golds (Mixed C2: 2019, C1 team: 2021, 2022), four silvers (C1: 2017, C1 team: 2015, 2018, 2023) and three bronzes (C1: 2018, C1 team: 2017, 2019).

She also won 14 medals (3 golds, 5 silvers and 6 bronzes) at the European Championships, including a gold, a silver and a bronze at the 2023 European Games in Kraków.

Fišerová won the overall World Cup title in two classes. She won in C1 in 2021 and 2022 and in mixed C2 in 2018 together with Jakub Jáně.

Fišerová competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, finishing 6th in the C1 event. She also competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, finishing 23rd in kayak cross.

2022 Canoe Slalom World Cup
The 2022 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of five races in six canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 35th edition.

Russia and Belarus were excluded from participation due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Top surgery
Top surgery refers to the surgical procedures on the breasts:

Mammaplasty
Breast augmentation surgery
Breast reduction surgery

Mastectomy

Gender-affirming surgery
Masculinizing surgery, may include bilateral mastectomy and chest reconstruction
Feminizing surgery, may include breast augmentation

Mammaplasty
Mammaplasty (also called mammoplasty or mastoplasty) refers to a group of surgical procedures, the goal of which is to reshape or otherwise modify the appearance of the breast. There are three main types of mammoplasty:

Augmentation mammaplasty is commonly performed to increase the size, change the shape, and/or alter the texture of the breasts. This usually involves the surgical implantation of breast implants.

Reduction mammaplasty is commonly performed to reduce the size, change the shape, and/or alter the texture of the breasts. This involves the removal of breast tissue.

Reconstructive mammoplasty is breast reconstruction that is done after mastectomy to give the breasts an appearance that is more normal/familiar.
Barbara Wilson (psychologist)
Prof. Barbara Ann Wilson OBE (born 1941)  is the founder of the Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation in Ely, Cambridgeshire. She was appointed an OBE for her work in brain injury rehabilitation over 40 years  for "medical rehabilitation". She was a clinical psychologist, and is now (2019) retired. She was shortlisted for a Lifetime Achievement Award in the NHS70 Parliamentary Awards in 2018 for her dedication to brain injury rehabilitation.

Oliver Zangwill
Oliver Louis Zangwill FRS (29 October 1913 – 12 October 1987) was a British neuropsychologist. He was Professor of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, 1952–1981, and then professor emeritus.  His father was author Israel Zangwill; his mother was author Edith Ayrton, whose parents were physicist William Edward Ayrton and physician Matilda Chaplin.  He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1977.