hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Preload (cardiology)
In cardiac physiology, preload is the amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells, called cardiomyocytes, at the end of ventricular filling during diastole. Preload is directly related to ventricular filling. As the relaxed ventricle fills during diastole, the walls are stretched and the length of sarcomeres increases. Sarcomere length can be approximated by the volume of the ventricle because each shape has a conserved surface-area-to-volume ratio. This is useful clinically because measuring the sarcomere length is destructive to heart tissue. It requires cutting out a piece of cardiac muscle to look at the sarcomeres under a microscope. It is currently not possible to directly measure preload in the beating heart of a living animal. Preload is estimated from end-diastolic ventricular pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Diastole
Diastole (/daɪˈæstəli/ dy-AST-ə-lee) is the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are refilling with blood. The contrasting phase is systole when the heart chambers are contracting. Atrial diastole is the relaxing of the atria, and ventricular diastole the relaxing of the ventricles.

The term originates from the Greek word διαστολή (diastolē), meaning "dilation", from διά (diá, "apart") + στέλλειν (stéllein, "to send").
Siti Qomariyah
Siti Qomariyah (born 8 July 1967): 110  is an Indonesian academic and politician who served as the regent of Pekalongan, Central Java between 2006 and 2011.

Born in Pekalongan into a family with strong santri and kyai connections, she started out as an academic before entering politics in 2001 as her home regency's vice-regent. She then became the first directly-elected regent of Pekalongan in 2006, but lost her reelection campaign in 2011.

Subdivisions of Indonesia
Indonesia is divided into provinces (provinsi). Provinces are made up of regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota). Regencies and cities then divided into districts (kecamatan), which made up of villages (desa) and urban villages (kelurahan). Provinces, regencies, and cities have their own local governments and parliamentary bodies (DPRD).

Since the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999 on Local Government (the law was revised by Law Number 32 of 2004, Law Number 23 of 2014, and the 2023 Omnibus Law on Job Creation), local governments now play a greater role in administering their areas. Foreign policy, defence (including armed forces and national police), system of law, and monetary policy, however, remain the domain of the national government. Since 2005 as the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2004, heads of local government (governors, regents and mayors) have been directly elected by popular election for a five-year term and can be re-elected for one more term.
Salma Sayegh
Salma Sayegh ((1889-12-03)December 3, 1889 – (1953-09-27)September 27, 1953) was a Lebanese writer, novelist, and feminist of the Nahda era. She, along with other female contemporaries, helped in founding the Society for Women's Renaissance. She wrote for several journals, newspapers, and magazines such as Sawt al-Mar’a (The Women’s Voice) and published many novels. She also played part in Lebanon's cultural salon movement as she hosted one at her home in Beirut in the early 1950s.

Salah Labaki
Salah Naoum Al Labaki (Arabic: صلاح لبكي‎; 1906–1955) was a Lebanese poet, scholar, journalist, and lawyer. His poems and writings (both literary and critical) have received academic attention. Some regard him to be among the poets who introduced "modern Arabic poetry" in the late 20th century. Labaki is considered a pioneer of the renewal movement in Arabic poetry, and more specifically in Lebanese poetry, in the second quarter of the 20th century. Some of his poems were translated into Spanish. He received the academic French medal, The National Order of Cedar in the officer rank, and an honorary degree from The International Institute of California.
Lake Merritt station
Lake Merritt station is an underground Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station located east of Downtown Oakland near the eponymous Lake Merritt. The station is served by the Orange, Green, and Blue lines. It is the nearest BART station to Chinatown, Laney College, and Jack London Square station.

Orange Line (BART)
The Orange Line is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) line in the San Francisco Bay Area that runs between Berryessa/North San José station and Richmond station. It has 21 stations in San Jose, Milpitas, Fremont, Union City, Hayward, San Leandro, Oakland, Berkeley, El Cerrito, and Richmond. It is the only one of the five primary BART services that does not run through the Transbay Tube to San Francisco; however, it shares tracks with the four other primary services in the East Bay.
Qp ligature
The qp ligature, ȹ, is an orthographic ligature of Latin letters q and p, and is used in some phonetic transcription systems, particularly for African languages, to represent a voiceless labiodental plosive [p̪], for example in the Zulu sequence [ɱȹfʼ].

Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic alphabet, phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phonetics) by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Jennifer Margaret Barker
Jennifer Margaret Barker (born 6 May 1965 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish-American classical composer and pianist. Her compositional style is highly influenced by the landscape, culture and musical heritage of Scotland. She is Professor Emerita of Composition and Theory at the University of Delaware. Her music has been recorded on the Naxos Records, Composers Recordings Inc., New World Records, Albany Records, Meyer Media and PnOVA Recordings labels. She is published by Boosey & Hawkes, Theodore Presser Company, Vanderbeek & Imrie Ltd., Southern Percussion and McKenna-Keddie Publishing.

Composers Recordings, Inc.
Composers Recordings, Inc. (CRI) was an American record label dedicated to the recording of contemporary classical music by American composers.  It was founded in 1954 by Otto Luening, Douglas Moore, and Oliver Daniel, and based in New York City.

The label released over 600 recordings on LP, cassette, and CD.  It went out of business in 2003 due to financial pressures, and the rights to CRI's recordings were transferred to New World Records in 2006.
Valerie Farrell
Valerie Farrell (born 15 December 1946) is an Australia former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in 5 One Day Internationals: two for International XI at the 1973 World Cup and three for Australia at the 1978 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Victoria.

International XI women's cricket team
The International XI women's cricket team was a team that took part in two Women's Cricket World Cups. They were essentially a "best of the rest" team, including players not selected by their own countries. They took part in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup, finishing in fourth place, and returned for the 1982 tournament, finishing in last place. Their overall record in ODIs was played 18, won 3, lost 14, with one no result.
2011 Oceania Youth Athletics Championships
The 2011 Oceania Youth Athletics Championships were held at the Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre in Homebush, New South Wales, Australia, between March 10–14, 2011. They were held together with the 2011 Australian Junior Athletics Championships (U14 to U20). A total of 40 events were contested, 20 by boys and 20 by girls.

Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre
Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre is a multi-use stadium in the Sydney Olympic Park suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The capacity of the stadium is 5,000 spectators.  It also hosted the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics and served as the warm-up track for the 2000 Olympic Games, being connected by a tunnel to Stadium Australia, where the Olympic competition was held. Since 1994 it has been a frequent venue of the Australian Athletics Championships.
Woltman
Woltman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clem Woltman (1914–1988), American football player

George Woltman (born 1957), American mathematician

Henry Woltman (1889–1964), American neurologist
Woltman sign, a medical sign

Reinhard Woltman (1757–1837), German engineer

Henry Woltman
Henry William Woltman (16 June 1889 – 1 November 1964) was an American neurologist and the first neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Moersch-Woltman syndrome and Woltman sign are named for him.

Upon his death, he was survived by his wife and four children. The Henry W. Woltman Award was first awarded in 1966.
Judo at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's 52 kg
The Women's up to 52 kg judo competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held on 18 September at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall.

The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match. There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals. As there were only 6 contestants in total the repechage consisted of just the two bronze medal bouts.

The event was won by Susann Schuetzel, representing  Germany.

Germany at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Germany competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece. The team included 212 athletes—140 men and 72 women. German competitors won 78 medals, 19 gold, 28 silver and 31 bronze, to finish 8th in the medal table.
Luillys Pérez
Luillys José Pérez Mora (born 23 December 1990) is a Venezuelan Greco-Roman wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 98 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in which he was eliminated in the round of 16 by Ghasem Rezaei.

In 2019, he competed in the men's Greco-Roman 97 kg event at the World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.

He won the gold medal in his event at the 2022 South American Games held in Asunción, Paraguay.

Pérez won a bronze medal in his event at the 2024 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Acapulco, Mexico. A few days later, he competed at the 2024 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Acapulco, Mexico hoping to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. He was eliminated in his second match.

2019 World Wrestling Championships
The 2019 World Wrestling Championships were held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan from 14 September to 22 September 2019.

The tournament served as qualification for the 2020 Summer Olympics, the top six wrestlers from each category earned their NOCs a qualification.
Matthias Berger
Matthias Berger (born 2 January 1968 in Grimma) is a German politician who is a member of the Landtag of Saxony. On 1 December 2023 Berger was selected as the top candidate for the Free Voters of Saxony for the 2024 Saxony state election in which he was elected.

Landtag of Saxony
The Landtag of Saxony (German: Sächsischer Landtag; Upper Sorbian: Sakski krajny sejm), also known in English as the Saxon State Parliament, is the legislature of the Free State of Saxony, one of Germany's sixteen states. It is responsible for legislation, control of the government, and electing some state officials. The Landtag has existed in various forms since 1831, but the current body was established during German reunification in 1990. The Landtag is directly elected and has a term of five years.
Speers Tonight
Speers Tonight was an Australian television program on Sky News Australia. The program sees host David Speers interview a prominent guest, followed by a discussion of political issues from the week with journalists Paul Kelly and Peter Hartcher. The weekly program replaced similar format The Nation with David Speers on Thursday nights and was one of two programs hosted by Speers, the other being the four-times weekly PM Agenda.

The program debuted on 28 January 2016 with Anthony Albanese as the inaugural guest.

Episode 42 of the first season is the highest rated regular episode of Speers Tonight, when it was watched by 49,000 viewers, making it the third most viewed Sky News program and sixth most watched program on the Foxtel platform for that day. A special post-American election episode was watched by 89,000 viewers, ranked as the sixth most watched program on both Sky News and Foxtel for that day.

Peter Hartcher
Peter Hartcher is an Australian journalist and the Political and International Editor of The Sydney Morning Herald. He is also a visiting fellow at the Lowy Institute, a Sydney-based foreign policy think tank.
HMS Bulldog (A317)
HMS Bulldog was one of four Bulldog class hydrographic survey ships of the Royal Navy.  She was built by the yacht builder Brooke Marine and launched in 1968.

Displacing 1088 tons and with a top speed of 15 knots, the ship was known for both her attractive lines and excellent sea keeping.  Her pennant number was originally A317 but this was changed in 1998 along with that of other survey ships to an H-prefix (for Hydrographic — S for survey already being in use for submarines) to emphasise that they were survey ships rather than naval auxiliaries.  She was finally decommissioned on 26 July 2001.  She was sold in August 2001 for conversion into a luxury yacht.  She was damaged in a fire in May 2004 whilst at Nelson, New Zealand due to the incompetence of the company Nalder and Biddle and the conversion was not completed. Last heard of she was under tow to Brisbane Australia to be scrapped.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Leptosyne bigelovii
Leptosyne bigelovii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy or sunflower family, Asteraceae, with the common names Bigelow coreopsis and Bigelow's tickseed. It is endemic to California.

The plant is known from the southern California Coast Ranges, southwestern Sierra Nevada, Transverse Ranges, and the Mojave and Colorado deserts. It is widespread in a number of habitat types from Merced and Inyo Counties south to San Diego County.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
William McLean Watson
William McLean Watson (27 October 1874 – May 1962) became Labour MP for Dunfermline Burghs, Scotland, in 1922. He lost his seat in the National Government landslide of 1931, but won it back in 1935 and retained it until 1950.

Before his career in politics, he was a miner and an official in the Scottish miners' union. He first contested the seat unsuccessfully in 1918.

Dunfermline Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)
Dunfermline Burghs was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 until 1974. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.

From 1918 to 1950 it was also, officially, a district of burghs constituency.

There was also a Dunfermline county constituency from 1974 to 1983.
Leo Scheffczyk
Leo Scheffczyk ([ˈleːo ˈʃɛf.tʃɪk]; 21 February 1920 – 8 December 2005) was a German cardinal and theologian. He was a long-time theologian at the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and one of the strongest advocates for orthodoxy during the long pontificate of John Paul II. During the 1980s and 1990s, he severely criticized some of his former students, including Leonardo Boff, one of the founders of liberation theology. Scheffczyk likely played a major role in drafting the most notable documents of John Paul's pontificate, such as Ordinatio sacerdotalis and Ad tuendam fidem. He was made a cardinal in 2001. He was regarded as an important thinker in late twentieth-century Catholicism.

Ad tuendam fidem
Ad tuendam fidem (English: To Protect the Faith) is an apostolic letter of Pope John Paul II issued motu proprio on May 18, 1998. The apostolic letter modified the Oriental and Latin codes of canon law specifying the form of profession of faith to be made by ministers of the Church before assuming office.
Emir Zade Mosque
The Emir Zade Mosque (Greek: Εμίρ Ζαδέ Τζαμί, from Turkish: Emirzade Camii, lit. 'Mosque of the Emir's son') is a former mosque in the town of Chalcis, on the island of Euboea, Greece. The mosque was completed in the 1480s, during the Ottoman era, abandoned in 1821, and, since the 1950s, has served as a museum non-accessible to the public.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
Igor Troubetzkoy
Prince Igor Nikolayevich Troubetzkoy (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Трубецкой; 23 August 1912 – 20 December 2008) was a French aristocrat and athlete (skiing, cycling, car racing) of Russian descent. He was styled His Serene Highness, but did not use the style often.

Serene Highness
His/Her Serene Highness (abbreviation: HSH, second person address: Your Serene Highness) is a style used today by the reigning families of Liechtenstein, Monaco and Thailand. Until 1918, it was also associated with the princely titles of members of some German ruling and mediatised dynasties and with a few princely but non-ruling families. It was also the form of address used for cadet members of the dynasties of France, Italy, Russia and Ernestine Saxony, under their monarchies. Additionally, the treatment was granted for some, but not all, princely yet non-reigning families of Bohemia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania and Russia by emperors or popes. In a handful of rare cases, it was employed by non-royal rulers in viceregal or even republican contexts.
Outline of sexual ethics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sexual ethics:

Sexual ethics – branch of philosophy that explores the moral obligations, and permissibility, or impermissibility of sexual activities. Also deals with issues arising from all aspects of sexuality and human sexual behaviour relating to the community and personal standards regarding the conduct of interpersonal relationships, including issues of consent, sexual relations before marriage and/or while married, including the issues of marital fidelity and premarital and non-marital sex, sexual orientation, and more.

Sexual ethics
Sexual ethics (also known as sex ethics or sexual morality) is a branch of philosophy that considers the ethics or morality of human sexual behavior. Sexual ethics seeks to understand, evaluate, and critique interpersonal relationships and sexual activities from social, cultural, and philosophical perspectives. Some people consider aspects of human sexuality such as gender identification and sexual orientation, as well as consent, sexual relations and procreation, as giving rise to issues of sexual ethics.

Historically, the prevailing notions of what is regarded as sexually ethical have been linked to religious teachings and philosophy. More recently, the sexual revolution challenged traditional ethical codes, and the feminist movement has emphasized personal choice and consent in sexual activities, especially for women.
Fountain Springs Park
Fountain Springs Park is a 240-acre wilderness park, located in Delaware County, Iowa, United States.

The park is operated by the Delaware County Conservation Board; it includes hiking trails, picnic and camping areas, and more than a mile of Elk Creek on which visitors are permitted to fish for trout. Facilities also include RV parking and toilets. Although there is room for RVs, the dirt road is tricky especially after a rain.

Wilderness Park
Wilderness Park is a 1,472-acre (596 ha) mostly-public conservancy located in southwest Lincoln, Nebraska. The park is the largest in Lincoln and is separated into several branches. S 14th St, a north-south street dissects much of the south end of the park.
Daniel Davis Jr.
Daniel Davis Jr. (1813–1887) was an American photographer, daguerreotypist and ambrotypist.

In 1842 Daniel Davis Jr. patented a method for colouring daguerreotypes through electroplating, and his work was refined by Warren Thompson the following year.

Ambrotype
The ambrotype, also known as a collodion positive in the United Kingdom, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. As a cheaper alternative to the French daguerreotype, ambrotypes came to replace them. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light. Like the daguerreotype or the prints produced by a Polaroid camera, each is a unique original that could only be duplicated by using a camera to copy it.

The ambrotype was introduced in the 1850s. During the 1860s it was superseded by the tintype, a similar photograph on thin black-lacquered iron, hard to distinguish from an ambrotype if under glass.

The term ambrotype comes from Ancient Greek: ἄμβροτος ambrotos, "immortal", and τύπος typos, "impression".