hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudorandom generator
In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a pseudorandom generator (PRG) for a class of statistical tests is a deterministic procedure that maps a random seed to a longer pseudorandom string such that no statistical test in the class can distinguish between the output of the generator and the uniform distribution. The random seed itself is typically a short binary string drawn from the uniform distribution.

Many different classes of statistical tests have been considered in the literature, among them the class of all Boolean circuits of a given size.
It is not known whether good pseudorandom generators for this class exist, but it is known that their existence is in a certain sense equivalent to (unproven) circuit lower bounds in computational complexity theory.
Hence the construction of pseudorandom generators for the class of Boolean circuits of a given size rests on currently unproven hardness assumptions.

Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use and noteworthy.
Jermaine Wattimena
Jermaine Wattimena (born 9 March 1988) is a Dutch professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number seventeen. A PDC Tour Card holder since 2015, he reached his first major final in 2024, finishing as runner-up at the European Championship. He won his first two PDC ranking titles in 2025 Players Championship events. Wattimena represented the Netherlands in the 2019 PDC World Cup of Darts, reaching the semi-finals alongside Michael van Gerwen.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Manse (DJ)
Michael "Manse" Hansen (born 17 October 1990) is a Swedish DJ and record producer. He became known throughout Sweden when he placed second in a remix contest of the song "Escape" by 3lau along with Paris & Simo. This resulted in Hardwell signing him to his record label, Revealed Recordings. He became known for numerous remixes from 2013 to 2014 before releasing his own singles from 2015.

His best-known title is "Freeze Time", performed with vocalist Alice Berg and released on Hardwell's label, Revealed Recordings. The single reached 8th in the top 100 downloads on the platform Beatport.

Manse has also begun a side project called Stasius producing music in a film score style.

Since 2016, he has a new show called Midweek Mentions live on his Facebook page where his newest tracks are often featured.

Down with Webster
Down with Webster is a Canadian rap rock band from The Beaches area of Toronto who signed with Universal Motown in April 2009. The band first achieved commercial success with the release of the 2009  EP, Time to Win, Vol. I which consisted of the singles "Rich Girl$", "Your Man" and "Whoa Is Me". Their major-label debut album, Time to Win, Vol. II (2011) featured the track "She's Dope". The 2014 follow-up album Party for Your Life included the songs "One in a Million" and "Chills." The band has been nominated for Juno Awards, MuchMusic Video Awards and Canadian Radio Music Awards.
Cho La (Sichuan)
Cho La, also transliterated as Tro La, is a mountain pass across the Chola Mountains in Dege County, Garze Prefecture, Sichuan, China.  In Mandarin Chinese, it is known as Qu'er Pass (Chinese: 雀儿山口; pinyin: Què'ér Shānkǒu).  The pass reaches a height of 4,916 metres (16,129 ft) and may be snow covered year-round.  The pass is an important link between the town of Derge and the rest of Sichuan Province.  Historically, it was part of a trade route between Tibet and China through the Kingdom of Derge in Kham.  The western flank of the pass is drained by the Zhil Chu (Chinese: 色曲; pinyin: Sè Qū) and the eastern flank is drained by the Tro Chu (Chinese: 朝曲; pinyin: Zhāo Qū).  Yihun Lhatso, a glacial-fed lake, is located to the east of the pass.

A tunnel constructed under the Chola Mountains now bypasses the mountain pass and is the world's highest vehicular tunnel.  Construction of the tunnel was completed in 2016.

Derge
Derge (Tibetan: སྡེ་དགེ་, Wylie: sde dge), officially Gengqing Town (Tibetan: དགོན་ཆེན་ཀྲེན།, Wylie: dgon chen kren; Chinese: 更庆镇; pinyin: Gēngqìng Zhèn), is a town in Dêgê County in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, China. It was once the center of the Kingdom of Derge in Kham.
Wola Ostrowiecka massacre
Massacre of Wola Ostrowiecka was a 1943 mass murder of Polish inhabitants of the village of Wola Ostrowiecka located in the prewar gmina Huszcza in Luboml County (powiat lubomelski) of the Volhynian Voivodeship, within the Second Polish Republic. Wola Ostrowiecka no longer exists. It was burned to the ground during the Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia.

The perpetrators were nationalists of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army's territorial command Piwnicz, aided by local Ukrainian peasants. On 30 August 1943, the Ukrainians surrounded the village, and began murdering the Polish inhabitants. Altogether, 79 families were murdered in their entirety, and in another 37 families, only one family member survived. Polish sociologist and researcher Tadeusz Piotrowski puts the number of murdered Poles at 529, out of total village's population of 870. On the same day, Ukrainian nationalists murdered 438 Poles in the neighboring village of Ostrowki (see Massacre of Ostrowki).

Liuboml
Liuboml (Russian and Ukrainian: Любомль, Ukrainian pronunciation: [ˈlʲubomlʲ] ⓘ; Polish and German: Luboml; Yiddish: ליבעוונע, romanized: Libevne) is a city in Kovel Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located close to the border with Poland. It serves as the administrative center of Liuboml urban hromada. Population: 10,295 (2022 estimate).
Taphow
Taphow (/ˈtæpˌhoʊ/ TAP-hoh) was a Native American Munsee sachem in Connecticut, was the son of Ponus and the uncle to Katonah. Taphow, known as the "Sakimore and Commander in Chief of all those Indians inhabiting in northern New Jersey, signed many land deeds "in the lands of Taphow and his relations" including the Ramapo Tract in 1700, the Kakiat Patent in 1701 and witnessed the sale of the Wawayanda Patent. Taphow's wife, Awowas (Wawowus), and son Quatowquechuck also signed on some land deeds. Taphow was accused of murder in Connecticut but was acquitted for lack of evidence.

Wawayanda Patent
The Wawayanda Patent was a land grant in colonial New York. It was granted in 1703, to John Bridges and eleven associates by the governor of New York and New Jersey, Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, and was confirmed by Queen Anne. Located in Orange County, New York, it comprised 150,000 acres (610 km2). The lands were bounded on the east by the Highlands of the Hudson, on the north by the county line between Orange and Ulster counties, and on the south by the colonial division line between New York and New Jersey. The patent caused many lawsuits and was unoccupied until 1712.
Bhau Daji
Ramkrishna Vitthal Lad (1822–1874), commonly known as Bhau Daji, was an Indian physician, Sanskrit scholar, and an antiquarian. He served as the Sheriff of Bombay for two terms from 1869 to 1871. For his notable contribution in the making of modern Mumbai (then Bombay, British India), a road and a museum are named after him.

Hydnocarpus pentandrus
Hydnocarpus pentandrus (previously Hydnocarpus wightianus) or chaulmoogra is a medium-sized tree in the family Achariaceae. This dioecious tree grows up to 10m tall, in moist deciduous forests of Western Ghats in India.

Hydnocarpus wightiana seed oil has been widely used in traditional Indian medicine, especially in Ayurveda, and in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of leprosy. It entered early Western medicine in the nineteenth century before the era of sulfonamides and other antibiotics for the treatment of several skin diseases and leprosy. The oil was prescribed for leprosy as a mixture suspended in gum or as an emulsion.
Putin. Corruption
Putin. Corruption. (Russian: Путин. Коррупция., romanized: Putin. Korruptsiya.) was an independent report on alleged corruption in Vladimir Putin’s inner circle published by the leaders of opposition liberal democratic People's Freedom Party in Russia. The report was presented by them at the press conference on 28 March 2011. This was the first large-scale project of the People’s Freedom Party.

The report was compiled by co-chairmen of the party Vladimir Milov, Boris Nemtsov and Vladimir Ryzhkov, as well as the press secretary of the Russian Solidarnost (“Solidarity”) movement Olga Shorina.

Vladimir Milov
Vladimir Stanislavovich Milov (Russian: Влади́мир Станисла́вович Мило́в, born 18 June 1972) is a Russian politician, economist and the former chairman of the Russian political party Democratic Choice from May 2012 to December 2015. He served as Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation from May to October 2002. He was a member of the Federal Political Council of the democratic movement Solidarnost (2008–2010) and one of the founders of the coalition "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption". He was also the president of the Institute for Energy Policy, a Moscow-based independent think tank until 2013.
Attack of the Killer Tomatoes (TV series)
Attack of the Killer Tomatoes is an American animated television series based on the 1978 film Attack of the Killer Tomatoes and its 1988 sequel Return of the Killer Tomatoes. The series aired on Fox Kids from 8 September 1990 to 23 November 1991. Repeats aired on Fox in 1992 and 1996, and on Fox Family from 1998 to 2000.

The show, a sequel to the original film, is about the mad scientist Dr. Putrid T. Gangreen and his associate Igor Smith turning the tomatoes in the town of San Zucchini into monsters. The evil doctor was battled by young Chad Finletter, and his friends Tara Boumdeay (secretly a human/tomato hybrid pretending to be a teenage girl) and F.T., a "Fuzzy Tomato" pretending to be a dog. The second season is known for being the first Saturday Morning cartoon series to be computer-animated.

Ownership of the series passed to Disney in 2001 when Disney acquired Fox Kids Worldwide, which also includes Marvel Productions.

History of Freeform
American cable and satellite television network Freeform was originally launched as the CBN Satellite Service on April 29, 1977, and has gone through four different owners and six different name changes during its history. This article details the network's existence from its founding by the Christian Broadcasting Network to its current ownership by The Walt Disney Company, which renamed the network to Freeform on January 12, 2016.
Rosenman & Colin
Rosenman & Colin LLP was a New York City-based law firm that practiced from 1912 to 2002, at which point the firm merged with Chicago-based Katten Muchin Zavis to form Katten Muchin Rosenman. The firm previously practiced under the name Rosenman, Colin, Freund, Lewis & Cohen.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Architecture of St. Louis
The architecture of St. Louis exhibits a variety of commercial, residential, and monumental architecture. St. Louis, Missouri is known for the Gateway Arch, the tallest monument constructed in the United States. Architectural influences reflected in the area include French Colonial, German, early American, European influenced, French Second Empire, Victorian, and modern architectural styles.

Architecture in the United States
The architecture of the United States demonstrates a broad variety of architectural styles and built forms over the country's history of over two centuries of independence and former Spanish, French, Dutch and British rule.

Architecture in the United States has been shaped by many internal and external factors and regional distinctions. As a whole it represents a rich eclectic and innovative tradition.
2007–08 Honduran Liga Nacional
The 2007–08 season in the Honduran Liga Nacional was the 42nd season in the top fight in Honduran football; it ran from August 2007 to May 2008. The season was split into two tournaments (Apertura and Clausura) which defined the 51st and 52nd national champions in the history of the league. C.D. Marathón and Club Deportivo Olimpia as winners of each tournament qualified to the 2008–09 CONCACAF Champions League.

Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Honduras
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras, known as Liga Hondubet for sponsorship reasons (Honduran National Professional Football League) is the highest division of domestic football in Honduras. The league season is divided into Opening (autumn) and Closing (spring). One team is relegated to the Liga de Ascenso (the team with fewest points in Opening and Closing) and one team is promoted from Liga de Ascenso. The top four clubs participate in play-offs to decide the champion.
Aankh ka Nasha
Aankh ka Nasha or Ankh ka Nasha (The Witchery of the Eyes) is an Urdu play by Agha Hashar Kashmiri. It was first published in 1924.

The play deals with themes of treachery and the evils of prostitution. It was made into a film by the same name in India in 1956, starring Anita Guha and M. Rajan in lead roles with Helen and Shammi in supporting roles. Other Indian film adaptations include a 1928 silent film by Madan Theatres and its 1933 remake in sound by J. J. Madan.

Madan Theatre
Madan Theatre Company, also known as Madan Theatres Limited or Madan Theatres in short, was a film production company founded by Jamshedji Framji & his partner Kanhaiyalal Kaushik, one of the pioneers of Indian Cinema.
Jeu Sprengers
Mathieu Gerardus Marie "Jeu" Sprengers (24 May 1938, Tegelen – 6 April 2008) was the Dutch chairman of the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) from 2002 until 2008. Sprengers served as chairman until his death on 6 April 2008, at the age of 69.

Royal Dutch Football Association
The Royal Dutch Football Association (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈvudbɑlbɔnt]; KNVB [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː]) is the governing body of football in the Netherlands. It organises the main Dutch football leagues (Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie), the amateur leagues, the KNVB Cup, and the Dutch men's and women's national teams.

For three seasons in the 2010s, the KNVB and its Belgian counterpart operated a joint top-level women's league, the BeNe League, until the two countries dissolved the league after the 2014–15 season and re-established their own top-level leagues. The KNVB is based in the central municipality of Zeist. With over 1.2 million members, the KNVB is the single largest sports association in the Netherlands.
Matochina
Matochina (Bulgarian: Маточина, "lemon balm") is a small village in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Svilengrad municipality, Haskovo Province. Matochina lies in the southernmost ridges of the Sakar Mountain, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the municipal centre Svilengrad and 110 kilometres (68 mi) from the provincial capital Haskovo; it is located just west of the Bulgaria–Turkey border and not far northeast of the Bulgaria–Greece border. The village is famous for the medieval Matochina Fortress.

Haskovo Province
41°50′N 25°55′E﻿ / ﻿41.833°N 25.917°E﻿ / 41.833; 25.917

Haskovo Province (Bulgarian: Област Хасково, romanized: Oblast Haskovo; former name Haskovo okrug) is a province in southern Bulgaria, neighbouring Greece and Turkey to the southeast, comprising parts of the Thracian valley along the river Maritsa. It is named after its administrative and industrial centre: the city of Haskovo. The province has a territory of 5,533.3 km2 (2,136.4 sq mi) that is divided into 11 municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 256,408 inhabitants.
Middle East University (Jordan)
Middle East University (MEU) is a national education research consulting non-profit organization in Amman, Jordan, owned by the Company Middle East University for Graduate Studies. It is located near the Queen Alia International Airport (QAIA).

Educational research
Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics.

Educational researchers generally agree that research should be rigorous and systematic. However, there is less agreement about specific standards, criteria and research procedures. As a result, the value and quality of educational research has been questioned.  Educational researchers may draw upon a variety of disciplines including psychology, economics, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. Methods may be drawn from a range of disciplines. Conclusions drawn from an individual research study may be limited by the characteristics of the participants who were studied and the conditions under which the study was conducted.
Palazzo Pallavicini
Palazzo Pallavicini is the name of several Italian palaces, including:

Palazzo Cambiaso Pallavicini, Genoa

Palazzo Carrega-Cataldi, also known as Palazzo Tobia Pallavicino, Genoa

Palazzo Cipriano Pallavicini, Genoa

Palazzo Cosmo Centurione, also known as Palazzo Durazzo Pallavicini, Genoa

Palazzo Durazzo-Pallavicini, Genoa

Palazzo Interiano Pallavicini, Genoa

Palazzo Pallavicini at Via San Felice, Bologna

Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi, Rome

Palazzo Rospigliosi a Via del Duca, also known as Palazzo Rospigliosi-Pallavicini, Pistoia

Palazzo Cambiaso Pallavicini
The palazzo Pallavicini-Cambiaso or palazzo Agostino Pallavicini is a building located in via Garibaldi at number 1 in the historical centre of Genoa, included on 13 July 2006 in the list of the 42 palaces inscribed in the Rolli di Genova that became World Heritage by UNESCO on that date.
1938 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1938 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1938. Republican nominee William Henry Vanderbilt III defeated Democratic incumbent Robert E. Quinn with 54.17% of the vote. This was the last time until 1958 a Republican was elected Governor of Rhode Island.

Governor of Rhode Island
The governor of Rhode Island is the head of government of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and serves as commander-in-chief and Captain-General of the state's Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The current governor is Dan McKee, a member of the Democratic Party. In their capacity as commander of the national guard, the governor of Rhode Island also has the title of captain general. Rhode Island is one of the few states that currently does not have a governor's mansion or other official residence.
Inga Balstad
Inga Johanne Balstad (born 25 January 1952 in Selbu Municipality) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. She served as a deputy representative in the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag county during the terms 1993–1997 and 1997–2001.

On the local level, Balstad was a member of the municipal council of Selbu Municipality from 1983 to 1991 and again since 2003, also serving as mayor since 2007. From 1991 to 1995, she was a member of the Sør-Trøndelag county council. She was also a member of the board of Sør-Trøndelag University College from 2001 to 2007.

Sør-Trøndelag University College
Sør-Trøndelag University College (Norwegian: Høgskolen i Sør-Trøndelag) or HiST was a Norwegian university college located in Trondheim.  The school offered higher education within nursing, teaching, economics, food science, engineering and information technology.  The college had six campuses throughout the city and was created in 1994 as a merger between a number of independent colleges in the city. In January 2016, HiST  merged with Norwegian University of Science and Technology and  Aalesund University College and Gjøvik University College.
Cover time
In mathematics, the cover time of a finite Markov chain is the number of steps taken by the chain, from a given starting state, until the first step at which all states have been reached. It is a random variable that depends on the Markov chain and the choice of the starting state. The cover time of a connected undirected graph is the cover time of the Markov chain that takes a random walk on the graph, at each step moving from one vertex to a uniformly-random neighbor of that vertex.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Memory Lane (2024 film)
Memory Lane (Dutch: De terugreis) is a 2024 comedy-drama film written by Marijn de Wit and co-written and directed by Jelle de Jonge. The film was a big box office hit in The Netherlands and was awarded the Golden Film. It was chosen as the Dutch entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 97th Academy Awards. The film won two Golden Calf awards for best feature film and best leading role for Leny Breederveld. The winners were announced at the Netherlands Film Festival.

Golden Calf (award)
The Golden Calf (Dutch: Gouden Kalf) is the award of the Netherlands Film Festival, which is held annually in Utrecht. The award has been presented since 1981, originally in six categories: Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Feature Film, Best Short Film, Culture Prize and Honourable mention. In 2004, there were 16 award categories, mainly because in 2003 the categories Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Music, Best Production Design, Best Sound Design were added.

Famous Dutch film makers and actors that have won a Golden Calf include Rutger Hauer, Louis van Gasteren, Paul Verhoeven, Eddy Terstall, Carice van Houten, Felix de Rooy, Fons Rademakers, Martin Koolhoven, Alex van Warmerdam, Fedja van Huêt, Jean van de Velde, Pim de la Parra, Dick Maas, Marleen Gorris, Ian Kerkhof, Jeroen Krabbé, Monic Hendrickx, Rijk de Gooyer, Marwan Kenzari and Steve McQueen (director).