hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bobby Malt
Robert Malt (born 4 November 1951) is an English former footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for clubs including South Shields, Silksworth CW and Ryhope Community Association. He was born in Ryhope, County Durham, attended Ryhope Junior School, and represented Seaham Boys at football before joining Leeds United when he left school, but never played for that club's first team.

Gateshead United F.C.
Gateshead United Football Club was a football club based in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. The club was established in South Shields in 1936 as a replacement for the club that had relocated to Gateshead in 1930. Like their predecessor, the club was relocated to Gateshead in 1974 after the former club went bust. Renamed Gateshead United, they folded three years later.
Scottish society
Scottish society is the group behaviour of Scots, how they organise themselves and make decisions. The social history of Scotland is a major field within the academic study of Scottish history.

Scottish society is based on Western society, and has made key contributions to the spread of Western culture throughout the world. It has been developing for many centuries, since Scotland started to emerge as a country in the Early Middle Ages.

Scots share many social and cultural characteristics, for example dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine and folklore. Scotland is an ethnically and racially diverse country as result of large-scale immigration from many different countries throughout its history.

Scottish folklore
Scottish folklore (Scottish Gaelic: Beul-aithris na h-Alba) encompasses the folklore of the Scottish people from their earliest records until today. Folklorists, both academic and amateur, have published a variety of works focused specifically on the area over the years. Some creatures of Scottish folklore are Loch Ness Monster, brownies, bogles, kelpies, selkies, the wulver, the bean-nighe, and the blue men of the Minch.
Ezcurra
Ezcurra is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alma Ezcurra (born 1986), Spanish politician

Bautista Ezcurra (born 1995), Argentine rugby union player

Encarnación Ezcurra (1795–1838), Argentine political activist

Exequiel Ezcurra (born 1950), Argentine plant ecologist and conservationist

Felipe Ezcurra (born 1993), Argentine rugby union player

María Lacunza Ezcurra (1900–1984), Spanish lawyer and pioneer

Martín Ezcurra (born 1987), Argentine palaeontologist

Pedro de Ezcurra (1859–1911), Argentine politician

Bautista Ezcurra
Bautista Ezcurra (born 21 April 1995) is an Argentine professional rugby union player. He currently plays for FC Grenoble in the French Pro D2.

He was selected for Argentina 7s's sevens squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Ezcurra was named in the Jaguares training squad prior to the 2017 Super Rugby season.
Twentieth Indian Expedition to Antarctica
The 20 Indian Antarctic Expedition was flagged off on-board M.V. Magdalena Oldenorff from Cape Town on 30 December 2000. The team comprising a total of 51 members was led by Shri Mervin J. D’Souza from Geological Survey of India. The 20th IAE team consisted of 51 members including 34 scientists from various scientific Organizations/Universities/Departments and 17 logistic members. After successful completion of all logistics and scientific tasks the 20th IAE team returned to India in March 2002.

Departmentalization
Departmentalization (or departmentalisation) refers to the process of "grouping the organizational activities and structure into departments". Division of labour creates specialists who need coordination and the coordination is facilitated by grouping specialists together in departments.
Messerli
Messerli is a surname.  It means 'Little Knife' from the German 'messer' (knife) joined to 'li' (denoting little).  It is a very common name in Switzerland, and also has many derivatives outside of Switzerland such as Messer and Messershmidt.  Notable people with the surname include:

Bruno Messerli (born 1931), Swiss professor of geography and author of The Himalayan Dilemma

Douglas Messerli (born 1947), American poet, writer and publisher

Peter Messerli, Swiss Vice-President of the European Patent Office until 2011

Peter Messerli, Swiss professor of sustainable development, co-chair of UN Global Sustainable Development report, and Director of the Centre for Development and Environment

Bruno Messerli
Bruno Messerli (17 September 1931, in Belp – 4 February 2019) was a Swiss geographer and university professor who focused on high mountains and highland-lowland linkages.  He was appointed Full Professor of Geomorphology in 1968 by the University of Bern, where he taught and carried out research until his retirement in 1996.  He contributed significantly to the inclusion of a mountain agenda, Chapter 13 — Managing Fragile Ecosystems — Sustainable Mountain Development  in Agenda 21, the official action plan of the
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit,  held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
Farm gate marketing
Farm gate marketing or farmgate sales describes a direct marketing method whereby farmers sell agricultural produce—mostly food—directly to the consumer, to restaurants and caterers, and to independent retailers. Farm gate sales are a common type of marketing found throughout traditional small farming sectors worldwide and, in some countries, account for the vast amount of sales as far as foodstuffs and livestock are concerned.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Ramlila Maidan
Ramlila Maidan is a large ground located in New Delhi, India, traditionally used for staging the annual Ramlila. It is used for religious festivals, major political rallies and meetings, and entertainment events. It is located near New Delhi Railway Station and Delhi Gate.

Delhi Gate, Delhi
Delhi Gate is the southern gate in the historic walled city of Delhi, or Shahjahanabad in 1638 AD. The gate links the New Delhi city with the old walled city of Delhi. It stands in the middle of the road, at the end of Netaji Subhash Chandra Road (or Netaji Subhash Marg), at the edge of Daryaganj.
Cary Vaughan
Cary Vaughan is an American English language instructor and journalist best known for her role in the Terry A. Anderson hostage crisis in Lebanon.

An instructor at the American University of Beirut and a part-time worker at Associated Press bureau there, Vaughan and her husband Bill Foley, an AP photojournalist, were friends with Anderson. Following his abduction by Hezbollah militants, they worked toward his release. For their efforts, they received two of the first International Press Freedom Awards from the Committee to Protect Journalists in 1991.

Committee to Protect Journalists
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in New York City, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journalists. The American Journalism Review has called the organization "Journalism's Red Cross." Since the late 1980s, CPJ has published an annual census of journalists killed or imprisoned in relation to their work.
Herbert Hice Whetzel
Herbert Hice Whetzel (September 5, 1877 – November 30, 1944) was an American plant pathologist and mycologist. As a professor of plant pathology, he led the first department of plant pathology at an American university and founded the Cornell Plant Pathology Herbarium (CUP).

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Santiago Amat
Santiago Amat Cansino (22 June 1887 – 5 November 1982) was a Spanish sailor who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics, in the 1928 Summer Olympics, and in the 1932 Summer Olympics. In 1932 he won the bronze medal in the Snowbird class. He was Spanish national champion in the Snipe class three times (1944, 1946 and 1951).

Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics – 12' Dinghy
The 12' Dinghy was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics program in Amsterdam. A combination of Preliminary series and final series were scheduled. 23 sailors from 20 nations competed on twelve 12' Dinghies that were supplied by the Royal Dutch Yachting Union (Koninklijke Verbonden Nederlandsche Watersport Vereenigingen).
Harvey Turner
Sir Harvey Turner CBE (11 September 1889 – 31 December 1983) was a New Zealand auctioneer, horticultural wholesaler and distributor, and businessman. He was born in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1889.

In the 1953 Coronation Honours, Turner was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.  He was appointed a Knight Bachelor, for services to the fruit and produce industry, in the 1967 New Year Honours. He died in Auckland in 1983, and was buried at Purewa Cemetery.

In 2005, Turner was posthumously inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.

New Zealand Business Hall of Fame
The New Zealand Business Hall of Fame is a figurative hall of fame dedicated to New Zealanders who have made a significant contribution to the economic and social development of New Zealand. The hall was established in 1994 by the Young Enterprise Trust. Laureates are selected by an independent panel and are inducted at an annual gala dinner.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corp. v. Crooks
Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corp. v. Crooks, 542 F.Supp. 1156 (1982), was a landmark legal case in the United States in which it was decided that making off-the-air copies of publicly broadcast television programs does not constitute fair use, even if it is intended for a non-commercial and charitable purpose.

Non-commercial activity
A non-commercial (also spelled noncommercial) activity is an activity that is not carried out in the interest of profit. The opposite is commercial, something that primarily serves profit interests and is focused on business.

For example, advertising-free community radio stations are typically nonprofit organizations staffed by individuals volunteering their efforts to air a wide variety of radio programming, and do not run explicit radio advertisements, included in the United States specific grouping of "non-commercial educational" (NCE) public radio stations.
A Flowering Tree
A Flowering Tree is an opera in two acts composed by John Adams with a libretto by Adams and Peter Sellars, and commissioned by the New Crowned Hope Festival in Vienna, the San Francisco Symphony, the Barbican Centre in London, the Lincoln Center in New York City, and the Berliner Philharmoniker.

The story is based on an ancient Indian folk tale of the same title with translations by Attipat Krishnaswami Ramanujan. The opera resembles Mozart's The Magic Flute in some ways; both operas adapt folk tales, in this case one from southern India, "describing a young couple undergoing rituals and trials to discover the transfiguring power of love." This parallel was intended by the composer as the opera was commissioned to celebrate the 250th anniversary of Mozart’s birth.
 It is set for a small cast of three singers (baritone for the narrator, tenor for the prince, and lyric soprano for Kumudha), a large chorus (SATB), and three dancers.

A. K. Ramanujan
Attipate Krishnaswami Ramanujan (16 March 1929 – 13 July 1993) was an Indian poet and scholar of Indian literature and linguistics. Ramanujan was also a professor of Linguistics at University of Chicago.

Ramanujan was a poet, scholar, linguist, philologist, folklorist, translator, and playwright. His academic research ranged across five languages: English, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, and Sanskrit. He published works on both classical and modern variants of this literature and argued strongly for giving local, non-standard dialects their due. Though he wrote widely and in a number of genres, Ramanujan's poems are remembered as enigmatic works of startling originality, sophistication and moving artistry. He was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award posthumously in 1999 for The Collected Poems.
British Virgin Islands company law
The British Virgin Islands company law is the law that governs businesses registered in the British Virgin Islands. It is primarily codified through the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, and to a lesser extent by the Insolvency Act, 2003 and by the Securities and Investment Business Act, 2010.  The British Virgin Islands has approximately 30 registered companies per head of population, which is likely the highest ratio of any country in the world.  Annual company registration fees provide a significant part of Government revenue in the British Virgin Islands, which accounts for the comparative lack of other taxation. This might explain why company law forms a much more prominent part of the law of the British Virgin Islands when compared to countries of similar size.

Receivership
In law, receivership is a situation in which an institution or enterprise is held by a receiver – a person "placed in the custodial responsibility for the property of others, including tangible and intangible assets and rights" – especially in cases where a company cannot meet its financial obligations and is said to be insolvent. The receivership remedy is an equitable remedy that emerged in the English chancery courts, where receivers were appointed to protect real property. Receiverships are also a remedy of last resort in litigation involving the conduct of executive agencies that fail to comply with constitutional or statutory obligations to populations that rely on those agencies for their basic human rights.
Tomiko Itooka
Tomiko Itooka (née Yano; Japanese: 糸岡 富子, romanized: Itooka Tomiko; 23 May 1908 – 29 December 2024) was a Japanese supercentenarian who was recognized as the world's oldest verified living person in September 2024. She managed her family's textile business during World War II and lived to the age of 116 years and 220 days.

Supercentenarian
A supercentenarian, sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian, is a person who is 110 or older. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians. Supercentenarians typically live a life free of significant age-related diseases until shortly before the maximum human lifespan is reached.
Andrey Aizderdzis
Andrey Dainisovich Aizderdzis (Russian: Андрей Дайнисович Айздердзис; also romanized Andrei Aizderdzis; 29 October 1958 – 26 April 1994) was a Russian politician and deputy of the State Duma. Aizderdzis was assassinated in 1994.

Khimki
Khimki (Russian: Химки, IPA: [ˈxʲimkʲɪ]) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) northwest from central Moscow, and is part of the Moscow metropolitan area.
Diocese of Innsbruck
The Diocese of Innsbruck (Latin: Dioecesis Oenipontanus) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan of Salzburg (in western Austria) of the Catholic Church, covering most of the Bundesland (state) Tyrol.

Its cathedral episcopal see is the Innsbruck Cathedral, dedicated to Saint James, in the city of Innsbruck.

It also has four Minor basilicas: Herz-Jesu-Basilika, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in Hall in Tirol; St. Michael, in Absam; Unsere Liebe Frau von der Unbefleckten Empfängnis, Immaculate Conception, in Wilten and Zisterzienserkirche, Cistercian monastery in Stams.

James the Great
James the Great (Koine Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Classical Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died c. 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, after Judas Iscariot, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed to be his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

He is also known as James, son of Zebedee, James, brother of John, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, St. James Son of Thunder, St. James the Major, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob, James the Apostle or Santiago.
Cukurfabrika Station
Cukurfabrika Station is a railway station serving the city of Jelgava in the Semigallia region of Latvia. The station is located in the eastern part of the city on the right bank of the river Lielupe. It is situated on the Riga–Jelgava Railway. Electric trains to Jelgava stop at the station.

Semigallia
Semigallia is one of the Historical Latvian Lands located to the south of the Daugava and to the north of the Saule region of Samogitia. The territory is split between Latvia and Lithuania, previously inhabited by the Semigallian Baltic tribe. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against the German crusaders and Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades. Semigallians had close linguistic and cultural ties with Samogitians.
Zabrus ignavus
Zabrus ignavus is a species of ground beetle in the Pterostichinae subfamily that can be found in Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Voivodina, on islands such as Balearic, Corsica, Gibraltar, Sardinia, and Sicily, and in Morocco.

Pterostichinae
Pterostichinae is a subfamily of ground beetles (family Carabidae). It belongs to the advanced harpaline assemblage, and if these are circumscribed sensu lato as a single subfamily, Pterostichinae are downranked to a tribe Pterostichini. However, as the former Pterostichitae supertribe of the Harpalinae as loosely circumscribed does seem to constitute a lineage rather distinct from Harpalus, its core group is here considered to be the present subfamily and the Harpalinae are defined more narrowly.

They are usually mid-sized and rather stout ground beetles. Coloration is typically dark and without conspicuous patterns, but often with a strong sheen like polished metal. They are widely distributed and inhabit a wide range of terrestrial habitats. Unlike the more basal ground beetles which only eat small animals, the Pterostichinae include a large proportion of omnivorous or even herbivorous taxa.
Jennie O. Starkey
Jennie O. Starkey (ca. 1856 – October 21, 1918) was an American journalist and newspaper editor, the first woman in Detroit to adopt journalism as a profession. As a staff member of the Detroit Free Press, she managed "The Puzzler" department before serving as editor of "The Household", "Fair Woman's World", "The Letter-Box", and "The Sunday Breakfast-Table" departments. She was a member of the board of directors of the Michigan Authors' Association, a charter member of the Michigan Woman's Press Association, and president of the Michigan Woman's Press Club.

Detroit Free Press
The Detroit Free Press (commonly referred to as the Freep) is one of two major daily newspapers in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is owned by USA Today Co., which also owns the main historical rival The Detroit News. Both newspapers operated under a joint operating agreement from 1989 until 2025. The Sunday edition is titled the Sunday Free Press.

The Free Press has received ten Pulitzer Prizes and four Emmy Awards. Its motto is "On Guard for 195 Years".
You Can Have Her
"You Can Have Her" is a song written by Bill Cook. The song was a hit single for Roy Hamilton in 1961 and Sam Neely in 1974.  It has also been recorded by many other artists, including Jerry Lee Lewis, Charlie Rich, Waylon Jennings, and Jim Ed Brown. Elvis Presley performed an impromptu version at his Inglewood Forum, LA, Afternoon Show on the 11th May 1974.

In 1961, Roy Hamilton's version spent 10 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 12, while reaching No. 6 on Billboard's Hot R&B Sides chart.

A 1965 version by The Righteous Brothers reached #67 on the singles chart. Dionne Warwick also released a version in 1965, titled "You Can Have Him" and included on her album The Sensitive Sound of Dionne Warwick. 
In 1961 Dalida and Johnny Hallyday had a French version of this song: "Tu peux le/la prendre".

Jim Ed Brown
James Edward Brown (April 1, 1934 – June 11, 2015) was an American country singer who achieved fame in the 1950s with his two sisters as a member of the Browns. He later had a successful solo career from 1965 to 1974, followed by a string of major duet hits with fellow country music vocalist Helen Cornelius, through 1981. Brown was also the host of the Country Music Greats Radio Show, a syndicated country music program from Nashville, Tennessee. Despite the physical resemblance he has no relation whatsoever to musician Jim E. Brown.
Asahi, Okayama
Asahi (旭町, Asahi-chō) was a town located in Kume District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,382 and a density of 40.75 persons per km2. The total area was 82.99 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Asahi, along with the towns of Chūō and Yanahara (all from Kume District), was merged to create the town of Misaki.

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
VMFA-312
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 312 (VMFA-312) is a United States Marine Corps F/A-18C Hornet squadron. Also known as the Checkerboards, the squadron is based at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW). The radio callsign is "Check / Carlos."

Operation Southern Watch
Operation Southern Watch was an air-centric military operation conducted by the United States Department of Defense from August 1992 to March 2003.

United States Central Command's Joint Task Force Southwest Asia (JTF-SWA) had the mission of monitoring and controlling the airspace south of the 32nd Parallel (extended to the 33rd Parallel in 1996) in southern and south-central Iraq during the period following the end of the 1991 Persian Gulf War until the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Ugochukwu Iwu
Ugochukwu Christus Iwu (Armenian: Ուգոչուկվու Քրիստուս Իվու; born 28 November 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Russian Premier League club Rubin Kazan. Born in Nigeria, he represents Armenia at international level.

Armenian Cup
The Armenian Cup (Armenian: Հայաստանի Անկախության Գավաթ) is the main football cup competition of Armenia. In its original form as the Armenian Cup, it started in 1939, when Armenia was a republic of the Soviet Union. It served as a qualification tournament for the Soviet Cup, and it was not disputed by Armenian teams in the Soviet League pyramid.  After Armenia gained independence in 1992, the cup became known as Independence Cup, and the final is held every year on 9 May.

Since 2022, it has been known as the Fastex Armenian Cup after its headline sponsor.