hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Stanley Island
Stanley Island is part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park at the tip of Cape Melville, Queensland in Bathurst Bay. It is located North of Denham Island and Flinders Island in the Flinders Group National Park in Princess Charlotte Bay. The island is a popular tourist destination with fine anchorage between the islands and along various coastal stretches. Stanley Island was first declared a national park in 1939.

Cape Flinders is the name of the northern tip of Stanley Island and the ship Frederick was wrecked there in 1818.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park protects a large part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef from damaging activities. It is a vast multiple-use Marine Park which supports a wide range of uses, including commercial marine tourism, fishing, ports and shipping, recreation, scientific research and Indigenous traditional use. Fishing and the removal of artefacts or wildlife (fish, coral, seashells, etc.) is strictly regulated, and commercial shipping traffic must stick to certain specific defined shipping routes that avoid the most sensitive areas of the park. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest and best known coral reef ecosystem in the world. Its reefs, almost 3000 in total, represent about 10 per cent of all the coral reef areas in the world. It supports an amazing variety of biodiversity, providing a home to thousands of coral and other invertebrate species, bony fish, sharks, rays, marine mammals, marine turtles, sea snakes, as well as algae and other marine plants.
Chen Kaige
Chen Kaige (Chinese: 陈凯歌; born 12 August 1952) is a Chinese filmmaker. A leading figure of the fifth generation of Chinese directors, Chen is known for his visual flair and epic storytelling. For Farewell My Concubine (1993), Chen became the first Chinese director to win the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

Cinema of China
The cinema of China is the filmmaking and film industry of mainland China, one of three distinct historical threads of Chinese-language cinema together with the cinema of Hong Kong and the cinema of Taiwan. China is the home of the largest movie and drama production complex and film studios in the world, the Oriental Movie Metropolis and Hengdian World Studios. In 2012 the country became the second-largest market in the world by box office receipts behind only the United States. In 2016, the gross box office in China was CN¥45.71 billion (US$6.58 billion). China has also become a major hub of business for Hollywood studios.
Taube Pan
Taube bas Leib Pan (née Pitzker; Yiddish: טויבאַ בּת לייבּ פּאַן) was a sixteenth-century Yiddish writer, who lived in the Prague ghetto at the time of Mordecai Meisel.

Pan was the daughter of Rabbi Moshe Leib Pitzker, and wife of Yakov Pan. Like many poets of this period, she published religious and ethical works in the current idiom of the Jews. Such publications were facilitated by the printing-press of Gersonides then running in Prague. Among other pieces, she published, probably in 1609, a poem of six pages, under the title Ayn sheyn lid, nay gemakht, beloshn tkhine iz vorden ausgetrakht.

Josefov
Josefov (also Jewish Quarter; German: Josefstadt) is a town quarter and the smallest cadastral area of Prague, Czech Republic, formerly the Jewish ghetto of the town. It is surrounded by the Old Town. The quarter is often represented by the flag of Prague's Jewish community, a yellow Magen David (Star of David) on a red field.
National Trip End Model
The National Trip End Model is a database maintained by the United Kingdom's Department for Transport. The database forecasts future year data for population, employment, housing, car ownership and trip rates, and can thus be used to estimate the future growth in travel to and from homes and workplaces.

The database covers different modes of transport and for different journey purposes such as work, education, shopping and leisure;  and can be used to make predictions for different years or different geographical areas within the UK.

The database is maintained by Atkins.

Mode of transport
A mode of transport is a method or way of travelling, or of transporting people or cargo. The different modes of transport include air, water, and land transport, which includes rails or railways, road and off-road transport. Other modes of transport also exist, including pipelines, cable transport, and space transport. Human-powered transport and animal-powered transport are sometimes regarded as distinct modes, but they may lie in other categories such as land or water transport.

In general, transportation refers to the moving of people, animals, and other goods from one place to another, and means of transport refers to the transport facilities used to carry people or cargo according to the chosen mode. Examples of the means of transport include automobile, airplane, ship, truck, and train. Each mode of transport has a fundamentally different set of technological solutions. Each mode has its own infrastructure, vehicles, transport operators and operations.
Garmsar
Garmsar (Persian: گرمسار, romanized: Garmsār) is a city in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Garmsar is about 95 kilometres (59 mi) southeast of Tehran. It lies on the edge of Dasht-e Kavir, Iran's largest desert. Many people in the city commute to Tehran due to its proximity. Ghasre Bahram, The Stone Way, Stonvand Castle, the Sar Darre Mountains, and Kavir Desert National Park are tourist attractions located in the area.

Great Salt Desert
The Great Salt Desert or  Kavir Desert (Persian: دشت كوير, romanized: Dasht-e Kavir, lit. 'Low Plains' in classical Persian, from khwar (low), and dasht (plain, flatland)) is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian Plateau. It is about 800 kilometres (500 mi) long by 320 kilometres (200 mi) wide with a total surface area of about 77,600 km2 (30,000 sq mi), making it the world's 24th largest desert. The desert stretches from the Alborz mountain range in the north-west to the Lut Desert in the south-east. It is spread across the Iranian provinces of Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Isfahan and Yazd.
Miss Grand Spain 2019
Miss Grand Spain 2019 is the 4th edition of Miss Grand Spain beauty contest, held at Hotel Campomar, Arnuero Cantabria on 6 July 2019, and was won by Ainara de Santamaría of Cantabria.

Ainara represented Spain at the Miss Grand International 2019 pageant held on October 25 in Venezuela, and was placed among the top 20 finalists.

Arnuero
Arnuero is a municipality in the province and autonomous community of Cantabria, northern Spain.

The municipality is located in the northeastern portion of the province, and includes three small villages : Arnuero, Soano and Isla. Isla has two seaside districts, popular tourism destinations,  Quejo (Cape Quejo) and Playa la Arena.
Oplismenus undulatifolius
Oplismenus undulatifolius, commonly known as wavyleaf basketgrass, is a species of perennial grass from the family Poaceae that is native to Eurasia, specifically Southern Europe through Southern Asia. Due to its invasive nature, it can be found in countries such as Pakistan (Punjab & Kashmir), China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, South Africa, and has since been introduced to the Mid-Atlantic United States. There are no recognized subspecies in Catalogue of Life.

Awn (botany)
An awn is a hairy or bristle-like growth on a plant.

On the seeds of grasses such as barley or rye, they form foxtails which assist seed dispersal by being barbed and so sticking to passing animals.  Also, the awns may twist or curl as they are wetted and dry out and this action can make fallen seeds walk until they fall into a crevice into which they then burrow.

Besides grasses, other families of plants which have awns include Asteraceae such as sunflowers and Geraniaceae such as geraniums.  In the latter, the awns help disperse the seeds by developing a tension which then catapults the seeds when the seed head ripens and dries out.
Manuel Botelho
Manuel Botelho (born 1950, Lisbon) is a Portuguese artist. He lives and works in Estoril, Portugal, and teaches at the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Lisbon.

Botelho was born in Lisbon, Portugal. He studied architecture at the Lisbon School of Fine Arts from 1968–76, and painting at the Byam Shaw School of Art (1983–85) and the Slade School of Fine Art (1985–87), London.
In 2005 he held a retrospective exhibition at the Modern Art Centre, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon.

Byam Shaw School of Art
The Byam Shaw School of Art, often known simply as Byam Shaw, was an independent art school in London, England, which specialised in fine art and offered foundation and degree level courses. It was founded in 1910 by John Liston Byam Shaw and Rex Vicat Cole. In 2003 it was absorbed by Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design.
Tun Hairuddin Abu Bakar
Tun Hairuddin bin Abu Bakar is a Malaysian politician who had served as Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteri Besar Mohamad Hasan from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN state administration in May 2018 and Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bagan Pinang from May 2013 to August 2023. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council
The Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The Council comprises the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Besar on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly, a number of members made up of members of the Assembly, the State Secretary, the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer.

This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia, while being smaller in size. As federal and state responsibilities differ, there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments.

Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Besar. The Council has no ministry, but instead a number of committees; each committee will take care of certain state affairs, activities and departments. Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee.
You Made My Dawn
You Made My Dawn is the sixth Korean extended play and seventh overall by South Korean boy band Seventeen. It was released on January 21, 2019, through Pledis Entertainment with the lead singles "Getting Closer" and "Home". It debuted atop the Gaon Album Chart, Oricon Albums Chart and at number four on the US Billboard World Albums chart.

Circle Album Chart
The Circle Album Chart (Korean: 써클 앨범 차트), previously known as the Gaon Album Chart (가온 앨범 차트), is a record chart ranking the 100 most popular albums, extended plays and single albums in South Korea–based on their physical sales. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart. It compiles shipments in weekly, monthly, and year-end formats with detailed album sales.
Raymond Lalonde
Raymond Lalonde (October 22, 1940 – December 30, 2022) was an American politician who was a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Carencro in Lafayette Parish. He resided in the town of Sunset in St. Landry Parish. He served in the Louisiana House from 1980 to 1996.

Louisiana State Legislature
The Louisiana State Legislature (French: Législature de l'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Legislatura del Estado de Luisiana) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is a bicameral body, comprising the lower house, the Louisiana House of Representatives with 105 representatives, and the upper house, the Louisiana State Senate with 39 senators. Members of each house are elected from single-member districts of roughly equal populations.

The Louisiana State Legislature meets in the Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge. In March 2023, Republicans gained a supermajority of the Louisiana legislature for a first in the history of Louisiana.
City Council of Seville
The City Council of Seville (Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla) is the top-tier administrative and governing body (ayuntamiento) of the municipality of Seville, Spain. In terms of political structure, it consists of the invested Mayor of Seville, currently Juan Espadas, the Local Executive Board (Junta de Gobierno Local), the deputy mayors, and an elected 31-member deliberative Plenary (Pleno) with scrutiny powers. Each district in the municipality has its corresponding executive board (junta municipal de distrito).

Juan Espadas
Juan Espadas Cejas (born 30 September 1966) is a Spanish politician of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was the Minister of Housing and Planning for the Government of Andalusia from 2008 to 2010 and a senator from 2010 to 2013. From June 2015 to January 2022, he has served as the mayor of Seville. He became his party's Secretary General in Andalusia in July 2021.
2001–02 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey season
The 2001–02 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers ice hockey team represented the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 2001–02 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season. The Chargers were coached by Doug Ross who was in his twentieth season as head coach. The Chargers played their home games in the Von Braun Center and were members of the College Hockey America conference.

2001–02 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season
The 2001–02 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season began on October 5, 2001, and concluded with the 2002 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on April 6, 2002, at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota. This was the 55th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 108th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.
September 1920 Danish Folketing election
Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 21 September 1920, except in the Faroe Islands, where they were held on 30 October. They were the first in which South Jutland County participated since the Schleswig Plebiscites and the return to Danish rule, and the total number of seats in the Folketing was increased from 140 to 149. The result was a victory for Venstre, which won 51 of the 149 seats. Voter turnout was 77.0% in Denmark proper and 56.2% in the Faroe Islands.

Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ], lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.
Guam men's national softball team
Guam men's national softball team is the national team for Guam.   The 1992 World Championships, the eighth time the event was competed for, was held in Manila.  Australia beat Guam 7–2 in one game in the first round robin round.

For the 2008 ISF Men's Regional World Championship Qualifier, the country had to play Australia during the qualifiers.  Australia beat Guam 16-0 and 15–0.

Men's Softball World Cup
The Men's Softball World Cup, known through 2015 as the ISF Men's World Championship, is a softball tournament for the best national men's teams in the world. From 1966 to 2013 it was held every four years, first by the International Softball Federation (ISF) and from 2019 an onward it is held every two years by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), the 16 best teams in the world compete.
Barry O'Connell
Barry O'Connell (Paddington, Sydney), is an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s 1960s. He played in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) – Australia's major competition in that sport.

Paddington, New South Wales
Paddington is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the Sydney central business district, Paddington lies across two local government areas. The portion south of Oxford Street lies within the City of Sydney, while the portion north of Oxford Street lies within the Municipality of Woollahra. It is often colloquially referred to as "Paddo".

Paddington is bordered to the west by Darlinghurst, to the east by Centennial Park and Woollahra, to the north by Edgecliff and Rushcutters Bay and to the south by Moore Park.
Lansweeper
Lansweeper is an IT discovery & inventory platform which delivers insights into the status of users, devices, and software within IT environments. This platform inventories connected IT devices, enabling organizations to centrally manage their IT infrastructure. Lansweeper's automated processes identify and compile a list of connected devices, including computers, routers, servers, and printers. It furnishes device-specific information covering installed software, applied updates & patches, and user details.

Router on a stick
A router on a stick, also known as a one-armed router, is a router that has a single physical or logical connection to a network. It is a method of inter-VLAN routing where one router is connected to a switch via a single cable.  The router has physical connections to the broadcast domains where one or more VLANs require the need for routing between them.

Devices on separate VLANs or in a typical local area network are unable to communicate with each other. Therefore, it is often used to forward traffic between locally attached hosts on separate logical routing domains or to facilitate routing table administration, distribution and relay.
Michael Tsur
Michael Tsur (Hebrew: מיכאל צור) is an Israeli attorney, negotiator, mediator, and academic. He teaches mediation and negotiation in several institutions worldwide and was involved as a negotiator in a number of events, such as Kidnapping of Alan Johnston, Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and Israeli disengagement from Gaza.

Siege of the Church of the Nativity
From 2 April to 10 May 2002, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem in the West Bank was besieged by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), targeting suspected Palestinian militants who had taken shelter in the church.

As part of Operation Defensive Shield, the IDF occupied Bethlehem and attempted to capture suspected Palestinian militants. Dozens of them fled into the Church of the Nativity and sought refuge. IDF surrounded the site and besieged the suspected militants and non-militants at the site, which included approximately 200 monks resident in the church and other Palestinians who had arrived at the site for other reasons. The Franciscan Order maintained no hostages were held, while Israeli sources claimed the monks and others were being held hostage by gunmen.

After 39 days, an agreement was reached, according to which the militants turned themselves in to Israel and were exiled to Europe and the Gaza Strip.
Stan Winston
Stanley Winston (April 7, 1946 – June 15, 2008) was an American television and film special make-up effects artist, best known for his work in the Terminator series, the first three Jurassic Park films, Aliens, The Thing, the first two Predator films,  Inspector Gadget, Iron Man, and Edward Scissorhands. He won four Academy Awards for his work.

Winston, a frequent collaborator with directors James Cameron, Steven Spielberg and Tim Burton, owned several effects studios, including Stan Winston Digital. The established areas of expertise for Winston were in makeup, puppets and practical effects, but at the time of his death, he had expanded his studio to encompass digital effects as well.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic)
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic) is a retired award that was presented as part of the Primetime Emmy Awards. The awards were reorganized in 2020 to recognize Outstanding Contemporary Makeup (Non-Prosthetic) and Outstanding Period and/or Character Makeup (Non-Prosthetic).

In the following list, the first titles listed in gold are the winners; those not in gold are nominees, which are listed in alphabetical order. The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place:
Hafidzah Mustakim
Hafidzah binti Mustakim is a Malaysian politician and doctor who has served as Member of the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kota Lama since August 2023. She is a member of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. She is the first Kelantan PH MLA in the history of the state as she won the Kota Lama seat in the 2023 Kelantan state election. She has also served as the Vice Women Chief I of AMANAH since December 2023.

National Trust Party (Malaysia)
The National Trust Party (Malay: Parti Amanah Negara, AMANAH) is a political party in Malaysia advocating a reformist strand of political Islam. The party was founded as the Malaysia Workers' Party (Malay: Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia; abbrev: PPPM) before being taken over in August 2015 by Gerakan Harapan Baru, a group of moderate-to-progressive Islamist leaders from the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party that had lost a party election. The party was rebranded on 16 September 2015. The party currently has eight elected Members of Parliament. It is one of the three component parties of the incumbent Pakatan Harapan coalition in Malaysia.
Artur Ioniță
Artur Ioniță (Romanian pronunciation: [arˈtur joˈnitsə]; born 17 August 1990) is a Moldovan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Italian Serie C Group B club Arezzo. He has made 81 caps for the Moldova national team.

SS Arezzo
Società Sportiva Arezzo (formerly Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Atletico Arezzo and Associazione Calcio Arezzo) is an Italian association football club based in Arezzo, Tuscany. The club was formed in 1923, refounded in 1993 after going bankrupt and refounded in 2010 after being unable to enroll in the tournament. The club currently plays in Serie C, the third tier of Italian football.