hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ecuadorian dry forests
The Ecuadorian dry forests (NT0214) is an ecoregion near the Pacific coast of the Ecuador. 
The habitat has been occupied by people for centuries and has been severely damaged by deforestation, overgrazing and hillside erosion due to unsustainable agriculture.
Only 1% of the original forest remains. The patches of forest, mostly secondary growth, are fragmented.
They are home to many endemic species at risk of extinction.

Secondary growth
In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. In contrast, primary growth occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate and give rise to primary tissue. Secondary growth occurs in most seed plants, but monocots usually lack secondary growth. If they do have secondary growth, it differs from the typical pattern of other seed plants.

The formation of secondary vascular tissues from the cambium is a characteristic feature of dicotyledons and gymnosperms. In certain monocots, the vascular tissues are also increased after the primary growth is completed but the cambium of these plants is of a different nature. In the living pteridophytes this feature is extremely rare, only occurring in Isoetes.
1460s in poetry
[O]u sont les neiges d'antan
("Where are the snows of yesteryear?")

— François Villon, the "Ballade des Dams du Temps Jadis" in Le Grand Testament, 1461

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Octavien de Saint-Gelais
Octavien de Saint-Gelais (1468–1502) was a French churchman, poet, and translator.  He translated the Aeneid into French, as well as Ovid's Heroides.

Born in Cognac, Angoumois, he studied theology at the Collège de Navarre, and became a member of the court of Charles VIII of France.  A terrible sickness led him to abandon a formerly frivolous lifestyle and he took holy orders.  Charles appointed him bishop of Angoulême in 1494.  In this capacity, he reformed the monastic rules, visited the poor, decorated churches, and composed original poems, besides translating the works of the ancients.  His poetic compositions include Tout m'est dueil, tout m'est desplaisir and Plus n'ay d'actente au bien que j'espéroye.

An outbreak of the plague forced him to abandon his post as bishop in 1502, and he died the same year.

The French poet Clément Marot praised his work, and wrote that Saint-Gelais had made his birthplace, Cognac, eternal.

His nephew was the poet Mellin de Saint-Gelais.
Srikanta (film)
Srikanta is a 2017 Indian Kannada-language romantic action drama film directed by Manju Swaraj and produced by M. S. Manu Gowda under the banner Mahashaila Cinebandha. Based on the 2-page short story Skhalana by Nagathihalli Chandrashekar which was published in 1985 in the weekly Kannada magazine Taranga, the film features Shiva Rajkumar and Chandini Sreedharan in the lead roles, while Vijay Raghavendra, Achyuth Kumar and Raj Deepak Shetty appear in supporting roles.

Srikanta was released on 6 January 2017 and was a commercial success at the box office.

Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar
Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar is an Indian director, actor, screenwriter and a lyricist who predominantly works in Kannada Cinema. He made his film debut as a screenplay writer in Kadina Benki (1986) which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film and the Karnataka State Award. His directorial debut was Undu Hoda Kondu Hoda (1991) for which he won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story.

Three of his films, Kotreshi Kanasu (1994), America America (1996) and Hoomale (1998) have won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada.
Heinz Fenrich
Heinz Fenrich (born 9 February 1945, in Unteröwisheim, (today Kraichtal))  is a German Christian Democratic Union politician who most notably served as the lord mayor (Oberbürgermeister) of Karlsruhe from 1998 to 2013.

Fenrich received the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg in 2005 and the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2013. He is a Honorary Citizen of Krasnodar.

Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg (German: Verdienstorden des Landes Baden-Württemberg) is the highest award of the German State of Baden-Württemberg. Established 26 November 1974, it was originally called the Medal of Merit of Baden-Württemberg (Die Verdienstmedaille des Landes Baden-Württemberg). Effective 26 June 2009, the medal assumed its current name.

The order is awarded by the Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg for outstanding contributions to the state of Baden-Württemberg, in politics, society, culture and economics. The order is limited to 1,000 living holders, and has been awarded 1,923 times, as of 30 April 2018.
Janet Baker
Dame Janet Abbott Baker (born 21 August 1933) is an English mezzo-soprano best known as an opera, concert, and lieder singer.

Baker is particularly closely associated with baroque and early Italian opera and the works of Benjamin Britten. During her career, which lasted from the 1950s to the 1980s, she was considered an outstanding singing actress and widely admired for her dramatic intensity, perhaps best represented in her famous portrayal as Dido, the tragic heroine of Berlioz's magnum opus, Les Troyens. As a concert performer, Baker was noted for her interpretations of the music of Gustav Mahler and Edward Elgar. David Gutman, writing in Gramophone, described her performance of Mahler's Kindertotenlieder as "intimate, almost self-communing".

Italian opera
Italian opera is both the art of opera in Italy and opera in the Italian language. Opera was born in Italy around the year 1600 and Italian opera has continued to play a dominant role in the history of the form until the present day. Many famous operas in Italian were written by foreign composers, including Handel, Gluck and Mozart. Works by native Italian composers of the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini, are amongst the most famous operas ever written and today are performed in opera houses across the world.
Berlin scientific balloon flights
The Berlin scientific balloon flights (Berliner wissenschaftliche Luftfahrten) were a series of 65 manned and 29 unmanned balloon flights carried out between 1888 and 1899 by the German Society for the Promotion of Aeronautics to investigate the atmosphere above the planetary boundary layer. The flights were organized by Richard Aßmann, Professor at the Meteorological Institute of Berlin, who also developed the most important of the measurement instruments employed by them. The execution lay primarily in the hands of the military airship pilot Hans Groß and the meteorologist Arthur Berson. In 1894, Berson flew with the balloon Phönix to a height of 9155 meters, the highest that any human had flown until then.

Planetary boundary layer
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence) and vertical mixing is strong. Above the PBL is the "free atmosphere", where the wind is approximately geostrophic (parallel to the isobars), while within the PBL the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail).
Hattersheim am Main station
Hattersheim (Main) station is together with Hattersheim-Eddersheim station one of two S-Bahn stops in the town of Hattersheim, southwest of Frankfurt in the German state of Hesse. Both stations lie on the Taunus Railway (German: Taunus-Eisenbahn) from Wiesbaden to Frankfurt. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station.

German railway station categories
The approximately 5,400 railway stations in Germany that are owned and operated by the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary DB InfraGO are divided into seven categories, denoting the service level available at the station.

This categorisation influences the amount of money railway companies need to pay to DB Station&Service for using the facilities at the stations.
30 Rock season 6
The sixth season of 30 Rock, an American television comedy series on the NBC network in the United States, began airing on January 12, 2012. 30 Rock was renewed for a sixth season by NBC on November 15, 2010. The season began airing mid-season to accommodate Tina Fey's pregnancy. On November 14, 2011, NBC announced that 30 Rock would return at the new time of 8:00 pm.

This season was initially expected to be Alec Baldwin's last, as he had announced he would be looking to expand into other forms of media. However, in January 2012, Baldwin confirmed that he would remain for the seventh and final season of 30 Rock. Season six received positive reviews and 13 Emmy Award nominations.

Kenneth Parcell
Andromakennethamblesorton "Kenneth" Ellen Parcell is a fictional character on the NBC comedy television series 30 Rock, portrayed by Jack McBrayer. Originally a supporting character in the first two episodes of the series, the show's producers saw him as a breakout character.
Blockhouse Point Light
The Blockhouse Point Light is a lighthouse at Rocky Point, Prince Edward Island, Canada, on the western shore of Charlottetown Harbour. The present lighthouse, constructed in 1876, replaced older lighthouses at the site which are believed to have been constructed as early as 1846 to serve as a light for the harbour. The lighthouse is active as of 2019, and consists of an 18.3 m (60 ft) wooden pyramidal tower, attached to a two-storey keeper's house.

Rocky Point, Prince Edward Island
Rocky Point is a settlement in Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is part of Lot 65 in Hillsboro Parish. Rocky Point had been the location of an annual Mi'kmaq summer coastal community before European settlement.

Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst,  a National Historic Site, is located within the settlement.
East Mississippi State Hospital
The East Mississippi State Hospital (EMSH) is a mental health facility of the Mississippi Department of Mental Health located in Meridian, Mississippi. The facility is the third-largest employer in the Meridian area.

A regional center, EMSH serves 31 counties, including Alcorn,  Covington,  Choctaw,  Clarke,  Clay,  Forrest,  George, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Kemper, Lamar, Lauderdale County, Leake, Lowndes, Marion, Neshoba, Newton, Noxubee, Oktibbeha, Perry, Prentiss, Scott, Smith, Tippah, Tishomingo, Wayne, Webster, and Winston.

Webster County, Mississippi
Webster County is a county located in center of the U.S. state of Mississippi, bordered on the south by the Big Black River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,926.

The county was organized in 1874 during the Reconstruction era; the biracial legislature named it after Massachusetts statesman Daniel Webster. Its county seat is Walthall, designated in 1876.

After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, Webster County voters established this as a "dry county." In 2018 the legislature passed a bill allowing the transport of alcohol through even dry counties in the state.
Reese (given name)
Reese is an anglicised spelling of the Welsh name Rhys. It is now a unisex given name which means wreath or garland. It also means "ardent" or "fiery". In the United States, the name has become a unisex name, often given to females as well as males.

In 2012, the female version of the name peaked, ranking at 128 in popularity of given names in the United States of America. The male version of the name peaked in 2003, ranked at 368; at the time, the female Reese was ranked at 464. The name Reese overall was not ranked in the top 1000 until the year 2000.

Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby
Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby is a 2006 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Adam McKay who co-wrote the film with Will Ferrell. It features Ferrell as the titular Ricky Bobby, an immature yet successful NASCAR driver. The film also features John C. Reilly, Sacha Baron Cohen, Gary Cole, Michael Clarke Duncan, Leslie Bibb, Jane Lynch, and Amy Adams in supporting roles. NASCAR drivers Jamie McMurray and Dale Earnhardt Jr. appear in cameos, as do broadcasting teams from NASCAR on Fox (Mike Joy, Larry McReynolds, Darrell Waltrip, and Dick Berggren) and NASCAR on NBC (Bill Weber, Wally Dallenbach Jr., and Benny Parsons).

The film was released theatrically on August 4, 2006, by Columbia Pictures through Sony Pictures Releasing to critical and commercial success, grossing $163.4 million worldwide against a $72.5 million budget.
Headline Hunters (game show)
Headline Hunters is a Canadian game show that appeared on CTV from 1972 to 1982.  It was originally created by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir (creators of The Newlywed Game, Spin-Off, Definition, Guess What, and others). It was hosted by Jim Perry, who hosted two other Canadian game shows (Eye Bet and Definition) and several American game shows concurrently with its run. CFTO-TV meteorologist Dave Devall, who worked with Perry on the aforementioned two series, served as the announcer and was a de facto co-host for this series. It was a Glen-Warren Production for the CTV Television Network and was filmed at the Glen-Warren Studios in the Toronto suburb of Scarborough.

During the final broadcast, Jim Perry applauded the long-running show for promoting news literacy. Perry carried many of his pet phrases with him on his later American game show, Sale of the Century, which he would host for six years.

E. Roger Muir
Ernest Roger Muir (December 16, 1918 – October 23, 2008) was a Canadian-born American television producer who created several television programs and game shows. He was the creator and executive producer of children's program Howdy Doody, which ran from 1947 until 1960.
The Hustle (album)
The Hustle is the first solo studio album by American musician G. Love. It was released on August 24, 2004, via Brushfire Records. Recording sessions took place at Philadelphonic Studios in Philadelphia. Production was handled by Mario C., G. Love & Special Sauce, Jack Johnson, Ian Cross and Chris DiBeneditto. It features contributions from Jack Johnson, Chuck Treece, Money Mark, Jason Yates, Danny Frankel, Koool G Murder and Pete Kuzma. The album peaked at number 100 on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States. The album's single "Astronaut" made it to number 37 on the US Alternative Airplay chart.

Brushfire Records
Brushfire Records is a record label owned by singer-songwriter Jack Johnson. Formerly known as The Moonshine Conspiracy Records, the label was founded to release soundtracks for Woodshed Films, a company owned by Johnson, Emmett Malloy, and Chris Malloy to produce the surfing documentary Thicker than Water.

The label has released several of Johnson's albums, including Sing-A-Longs and Lullabies for the Film Curious George, In Between Dreams, Sleep Through the Static, To the Sea, From Here to Now to You, and All the Light Above It Too.
Didsbury West (ward)
Didsbury West is an electoral ward of the metropolitan borough of Manchester, England. It returns three councillors to Manchester City Council who are currently Richard Kilpatrick, John Leech and Debbie Hilal. It is within the parliamentary constituency of Manchester Withington and represented in Westminster by Jeff Smith. The 2011 Census recorded a population of 12,455.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Trincomalee Hospital
Trincomalee Hospital is a government hospital in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. It is the leading hospital in Trincomalee District and is controlled by the provincial government in Trincomalee. As of 2010 it had 379 beds. The hospital is sometimes called Trincomalee General Hospital or Trincomalee District General Hospital.

In December 2021, due to lack on space on the current site, the Ministry of Health initiated discussions to construct a new hospital outside the city of Trincomalee but in a location close to the city.

Trincomalee District
Trincomalee District (Tamil: திருக்கோணமலை மாவட்டம் Tirukkōṇamalai Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: ත්‍රිකුණාමළය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය Trikuṇāmalaya distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Trincomalee.
Hibaldstow
Hibaldstow is a village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,433. It is situated on the B1206 road, 4 miles (6.4 km) south from Brigg and the M180. The site of the deserted medieval village of Gainsthorpe is nearby.

M180 motorway
The M180 is a 25.5-mile-long (41 km) motorway in eastern England, starting at junction 5 on the M18 motorway in Hatfield, within the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, and terminating at Barnetby, Lincolnshire, some 10 miles (16 km) from the port of Immingham and 14 miles (23 km) from the port of Grimsby. The A180 road continues to the east for Grimsby, Cleethorpes and Immingham. Scunthorpe, Lincoln, Hull (via the Humber Bridge), Brigg, Bawtry and the Isle of Axholme can be accessed using the motorway. Humberside Airport, the now-closed Doncaster Sheffield Airport, and the Killingholme, Humber and Lindsey oil refineries are close to the motorway. The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroute E22 and is the main route along the south bank of the Humber Estuary.
Family Tree (Caylee Hammack song)
"Family Tree" is a song by American country music singer Caylee Hammack. It was released on April 15, 2019, as Hammack's debut single to country radio. It served as the lead to her debut studio album, If It Wasn't for You (2020). Hammack co-wrote the song with Gordie Sampson and Troy Verges, and co-produced it with Mikey Reaves.

Caylee Hammack
Caylee Anna Hammack (born March 19, 1994) is an American country music singer-songwriter. She is signed to Capitol Records Nashville and released her debut album If It Wasn't for You on August 14, 2020. She is signed to Red Light Management and is managed by Mary Hilliard Harrington.
Irish Creek (Kansas)
Irish Creek (also known as Irish Branch) is a stream in Bourbon and Linn counties, in the U.S. state of Kansas.

A large share of the first settlers being of Irish ancestry caused the name to be selected.

Linn County, Kansas
Linn County is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas, located along the eastern edge of Kansas. Its county seat is Mound City, and its most populous city is Pleasanton.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,591.  The county was named for Lewis Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Maharani (2023 film)
Maharani (transl. The Great Queen) is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language comedy-drama film directed by G. Marthandan. The film stars Roshan Mathew and Shine Tom Chacko, alongside Johny Antony, Harisree Ashokan, Balu Varghese, Jaffar Idukki, Nisha Sarang and Sruthy Jayan.

The film was officially announced in September 2022. Principal photography began in October in Cherthala and wrapped up in November. The songs were composed by Govind Vasantha, while the background score was given by Gopi Sundar. The cinematography and editing were handled by Loganathan Srinivasan and Noufal Abdullah.

Maharani was released on 24 November 2023.

Jaffar Idukki
Jabbar A. M., professionally credited as Jaffer Idukki, is an Indian actor, impressionist, and comedian, who predominantly works in the Malayalam cinema. Started his career with the 2007 film Kaiyoppu, he has acted in about 100 films and has performed in a number of comedy stage shows.
Zozulya
Zozulya (Ukrainian: Зозуля, "cuckoo bird"), also spelled Zozulia and Zozula, is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Zozulia (born 1980), Ukrainian-Belgian chess player

Fyodor Zozulya (1907–1964), Soviet admiral

Greta Zozula, American cinematographer

Oleksandr Zozulya (born 1996), Ukrainian footballer

Roman Zozulya (footballer) (born 1989), Ukrainian footballer

Roman Zozulya (gymnast) (born 1979), Ukrainian gymnast

Vera Zozulya (born 1956), Soviet/Latvian luger

Vira Zozulya (born 1970), Ukrainian race walker

Fyodor Zozulya
Fyodor Vladimirovich Zozulya (Russian: Фёдор Владимирович Зозуля; 9 November [O.S. 27 October] 1907 – 21 April 1964) was an admiral of the Soviet Navy.

Zozulya spent most of his career as a staff officer, serving as deputy chief of the Baltic Fleet after Operation Barbarossa began, and as chief of staff of the White Sea Flotilla between 1941 and 1943. He commanded the Caspian Flotilla between 1944 and 1945, and the 8th Fleet during the late 1940s. After a stint as commander of the Krylov Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Armaments in the early 1950s, Zozulya served on the Main Naval Staff, which he was chief of from 1958 until his death.
Chris Thomson
Chris Thomson (born 10 July 1985) is a former Australian rugby union footballer who played as a lock for the Waratahs between 2009 and 2010 and French side Narbonne between 2010 and 2012 (making 51 appearances and scoring two tries).

He joined the Melbourne Rebels prior to the 2014 Super Rugby season, but suffered wrist and knee injuries which saw him miss the start of the season and culminated in Thomson announcing his retirement in March 2014.

Melbourne Rebels
The Melbourne Rebels were an Australian professional rugby union team based in Melbourne, Victoria that competed in the Super Rugby competition. The Rebels made their debut in SANZAR's Super Rugby tournament in 2011. The club shared its name with a former Australian Rugby Championship (ARC) team, but was unrelated. The team played its home matches at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, in the city's Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct, and played one game of the 2020 Super Rugby season at Eureka Stadium in Ballarat.

The team's participation agreement was revoked by Rugby Australia (RA) at the conclusion of the 2024 Super Rugby Pacific season. The women's team was also disbanded by Rugby Australia.
Inter frame
An inter frame is a frame in a video compression stream which is expressed in terms of one or more neighboring frames. The "inter" part of the term refers to the use of Inter frame prediction. This tries to take advantage of temporal redundancy between neighboring frames, enabling higher compression rates.

Motion estimation
In computer vision and image processing, motion estimation is the process of determining motion vectors that describe the transformation from one 2D image to another; usually from adjacent frames in a video sequence. It is an ill-posed problem as the motion happens in three dimensions (3D) but the images are a projection of the 3D scene onto a 2D plane. The motion vectors may relate to the whole image (global motion estimation) or specific parts, such as rectangular blocks, arbitrary shaped patches or even per pixel. The motion vectors may be represented by a translational model or many other models that can approximate the motion of a real video camera, such as rotation and translation in all three dimensions and zoom.