hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)
The following is a timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama, from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011. For his time as president-elect, see the presidential transition of Barack Obama; for a detailed account of his first months in office, see first 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency; for a complete itinerary of his travels, see list of presidential trips made by Barack Obama.

John Boehner
John Andrew Boehner (/ˈbeɪnər/ BAY-nər; born November 17, 1949) is a retired American politician and lobbyist who served as the 53rd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served 13 terms as the U.S. representative for Ohio's 8th congressional district from 1991 to 2015. The district included several rural and suburban areas near Cincinnati and Dayton.

Boehner previously served as the House minority leader from 2007 until 2011, and House majority leader from 2006 until 2007. In January 2011, he was first elected Speaker and then re-elected twice. Boehner resigned from the House of Representatives in October 2015 due to opposition from within the Republican conference.

In September 2016, Squire Patton Boggs, the third-largest lobbying firm in the U.S., announced that Boehner would join their firm. It was also announced that he would become a board member of Reynolds American.
Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/ ⓘ; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القالِي) is a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases.

Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.
Saudades da Terra
Saudades da Terra is a manuscript, was published by father Gaspar Frutuoso, which forms a reference work on Macaronesia in the late 16th century.

The manuscript was written between 1586 and 1590, divided into two volumes, based on the author's observations, providing a detailed description of the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. It also has material on Cape Verde and other Atlantic regions.

It represents the most important repository of information on the geography, history, clothing, genealogy, toponym, and fauna and flora of the mid-Atlantic archipelago, before the 17th century. The author writes from the perspective of a typical Renaissance humanist: including encyclopaedic coverage of literary, artistic and musical fields, observed natural phenomena, alchemic experimentations and speculations concerning geology, biology, mineralogy and petrography.

Gaspar Frutuoso
Gaspar Frutuoso (c. 1522 – 1591) was a Portuguese priest, historian and humanist from the island of São Miguel, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. His major contribution to Portuguese history was his detailed descriptions of the history and geography of the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and references to Cape Verde, which he published in his six-part tome Saudades da Terra, as well as Saudades do Céu.
Crucifixion with Mourners and St Dominic
Crucifixion with Mourners and St Dominic is a fresco fragment by the Italian early Renaissance painter Fra Angelico, executed c. 1435, from the refectory of the Convent of San Domenico, Fiesole, now in the Louvre.

Like the same artist's Coronation of the Virgin from the same convent, it was removed and taken to France after it was suppressed under the Napoleonic occupation. After the Bourbon Restoration, it was one of around a hundred works not to be returned to Italy, nominally due to their dimensions and the difficulties of transporting them.

Christ is shown with his head leaning on his chest (possibly developing studies from below of Masaccio's Pisa Crucifixion). At the centre is Saint Dominic, with the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist either side of the cross.

Saint Dominic
Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), also known as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish: [ɡuθˈman]), was a Castilian Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order. He is the patron saint of astronomers and natural scientists, and he and his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary.
Diego Bossio
Diego Luis Bossio (born September 9, 1979) is an Argentine economist and politician. He was executive director of ANSES, the national social insurance agency, from 2009 to 2015. Bossio also served as National Deputy for Buenos Aires Province, from 2015 to 2019.

Social insurance
Social insurance is a form of social welfare that provides insurance against economic risks. The insurance may be provided publicly or through the subsidizing of private insurance. In contrast to other forms of social assistance, individuals' claims are partly dependent on their contributions, which can be considered insurance premiums to create a common fund out of which the individuals are then paid benefits in the future.

Types of social insurance include:

Public health insurance

Social Security

Public Unemployment Insurance

Public auto insurance

Universal parental leave
Elizabeth Mburu
Elizabeth W. Mbūrū (born 1968) is a Kenyan theologian who is a professor of New Testament and Greek at the International Leadership University, Africa International University and Pan Africa Christian University in Nairobi. She as the first woman to gain a PhD from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, North Carolina, USA. Her book, African Hermeneutics, seeks to provide a uniquely African approach to interpreting the Bible.

Evangelical Theological Society
The Evangelical Theological Society (ETS) is a professional society of Biblical scholars, educators, pastors, and students "devoted to the inerrancy and inspiration of the Scriptures and the gospel of Jesus Christ" and "dedicated to the oral exchange and written expression of theological thought and research."
The Advocate (Portland, Oregon)
The Advocate was a four-page weekly newspaper in Portland, Oregon, established as a news source for Portland's African American community. It was founded in 1903 and was covered as an active entity in other Portland press until at least 1936. The Advocate was known as Portland's second oldest black newspaper. In 1933 when the paper ceased publication it was the only remaining black-owned newspaper. In its early days, it was known as the Mt. Scott Herald (published in Lents from 1913 to 1924) and possibly as the Beaver State Herald (published in Gresham and Montavilla). The Advocate covered a variety of topics for both the white and black communities in Portland. The Advocate covered segregation, lynching, employment opportunities and other issues at the beginning. Microfilm of the paper is available through 1933.

Lents, Portland, Oregon
The Lents neighborhood in the Southeast section of Portland, Oregon is bordered by SE Powell Blvd. on the north, the Clackamas County line or City of Portland line on the south (whichever is farther south), SE 82nd Ave. to the west, and roughly SE 112th on the east.  The NE corner overlaps with the Powellhurst-Gilbert neighborhood.  In addition to Powellhurst-Gilbert on the north and east, Lents also borders Foster-Powell, Mt. Scott-Arleta, and Brentwood-Darlington on the west and Pleasant Valley on the east.

The neighborhood is one of the larger in the city at 3.75 square miles (9.7 km2) and one of its oldest. Since the late 20th century, it has become more diverse, the home of many Asian, Russian/Eastern European, and Latino immigrants.

Lents is six miles (10 km) southeast of downtown Portland and lies within the 97266 ZIP code.
Brachyotum alpinum
Brachyotum alpinum is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-elevation grassland.

Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae (/mɛləstoʊmɑːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
AN/APG-65 radar family
The AN/APG-65 and AN/APG-73 are designations for a family of all-weather multimode airborne radar systems designed by Hughes Aircraft (now Raytheon) for the F/A-18 Hornet, and used on a variety of fighter aircraft types; the APG-73 on the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet has been replaced by the APG-79, initially intended to be an upgraded AESA version but eventually became a largely new radar design.

These I band (8 to 12 GHz) pulse-Doppler radar systems are designed for both air-to-air and air-to-surface missions. For air-to-air operations they incorporate a variety of search, track and track-while-scan modes to give the pilot a complete look-down/shoot-down capability. Air-to-surface modes include Doppler beam sharpened sector and patch mapping, medium range synthetic aperture radar, fixed and moving ground target track and sea surface search. In the F/A-18, the radar is installed in a slide-out nose rack to facilitate maintenance.

Track while scan
Track-while-scan (TWS) is a mode of radar operation in which the radar allocates part of its power to tracking a target or targets (up to forty with modern radar) while part of its power is allocated to scanning. It is similar to but functions differently in comparison to its counterparts range-while-search (RWS), long range search (LRS), air combat mode (ACM), velocity search with ranging (VSR) and combined radar mode (CRM). In track-while-scan mode the radar has the ability to acquire and lock/track multiple targets while simultaneously providing a view of the surrounding airspace, which in turn aids the pilot and or operator in maintaining better situational awareness.
Odin Sivertsen
Odin Sivertsen (1 August 1914 – 24 March 2008) was a Norwegian politician for the Anders Lange Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Rogaland during the term 1973–1977. In total he met during 20 days of parliamentary session.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
United States Semiquincentennial
The United States Semiquincentennial, also called the Bisesquicentennial, the Sestercentennial, or the Quarter Millennium, will be the 250th anniversary of the United States Declaration of Independence. Festivities will mark various events leading up to the Declaration's anniversary on the 250th Independence Day: July 4, 2026.

Official planning for the celebrations began in 2016 with the congressional, non-partisan United States Semiquincentennial Commission. In 2025, President Donald Trump created the White House Task Force on Celebrating America's 250th Birthday to also promote and plan the events. An unofficial "soft launch" of celebrations began with the United States Army 250th Anniversary Parade on June 14, 2025. America250 events formally began on the eve of July 4, 2025.

United Colonies
The United Colonies of North-America was the official name as used by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia for the newly formed proto-state comprising the Thirteen Colonies in 1775 and 1776, before and as independence was declared. Continental currency banknotes displayed the name 'The United Colonies' from May 1775 until February 1777, and the name was being used  to refer to the colonies as a whole before the Second Congress met.
Naru Island (Japan)
32°49′N 128°56′E﻿ / ﻿32.817°N 128.933°E﻿ / 32.817; 128.933

Naru Island (奈留島, Naru-shima) is one of the Gotō Islands in Japan. It is part of the city of Gotō in Nagasaki Prefecture.

The island is home to Egami Church, the Shirotake Observatory, and a ferry port servicing travel to and from Nagasaki.

Naru Island's history has been defined by its fishery, as well as its role in providing sanctuary for the Hidden Christians fleeing Tokugawa persecution. The island has several churches, built by missionaries.

Kakure Kirishitan
Kakure Kirishitan (Japanese: 隠れキリシタン, lit. 'hidden Christians') is a modern term for a member of the Catholic Church in Japan who went underground at the start of the Edo period in the early 17th century (lifted in 1873) due to Christianity's repression by the Tokugawa shogunate (April 1638). The term is particularly used today for those who have refused to embrace modern Roman Catholic practices and still hold onto the traditions established during the times of persecution.
Alex Hargreaves
Alfred Hargreaves (15 February 1899 – February 1978), known as Alex Hargreaves, was a British Labour Party Member of Parliament.

Born in Liverpool, Hargreaves worked as a railway clerk and was a member of the Railway Clerks' Association.  He joined the Labour Party and was elected to Liverpool City Council in 1928, serving until 1950.  In 1945, he was the President of Liverpool Trades Council and Labour Party.  In 1949, he was appointed to the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board as a nominee of the Ministry of Transport.

At the 1950 general election, Hargreaves was elected in Carlisle.  He held the seat in 1951, but was defeated in 1955 and failed to regain the seat in 1959.

1955 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 26 May 1955. It was a snap election: Anthony Eden called the election after succeeding Churchill in April 1955 to secure a mandate. The government won a 60-seat majority, achieving the highest post-war party vote share. It was the first election under Queen Elizabeth II.
Haft Sanduq
Haft Sanduq (Persian: هفت صندوق, also Romanized as Haft Şandūq and Khaft-Sanduk) is a village in Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District, Ziaabad District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 11 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
St. Stephen's Church, Prague
The St. Stephen's Church (Czech: Kostel svatého Štěpána) is located in Štěpánská street in Prague 2, New Town. It is a church from the second half of the 14th century, which was built near the Romanesque St. Stephen rotunda. The church was dedicated to St. Stephen, traditionally regarded as the first martyr of Christianity, who was, according to the Acts of the Apostles, a deacon in the early church at Jerusalem who aroused the enmity of members of various synagogues by his teachings. And then rotunda was dedicated to St. Longin.

Longinus
Longinus (Greek: Λογγίνος) is the name of the Roman soldier who pierced the side of Jesus with a lance, who in apostolic and some modern Christian traditions is described as a convert to Christianity. His name first appeared in the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus. The lance is called in Catholic Christianity the "Holy Lance" (lancea) and the story is related in the Gospel of John during the Crucifixion. This act is said to have created the last of the Five Holy Wounds of Christ.

This person, unnamed in the Gospels, is further identified in some versions of the story as the centurion present at the Crucifixion, who said that Jesus was the son of God, so he is considered as one of the first Christians and Roman converts. Longinus's legend grew over the years to the point that he was said to have converted to Christianity after the Crucifixion, and he is traditionally venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and several other Christian communions.
Striped darter
The striped darter (Etheostoma virgatum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in the lower Cumberland River drainage (Stones River to Red River) in Kentucky and Tennessee, in the upper Caney Fork system in central Tennessee; and in Rockcastle River and nearby streams in eastern Kentucky.  It inhabits rocky pools of headwaters, creeks and small to medium river.  This species can reach a length of 7.8 cm (3.1 in), though most only reach about 4.8 cm (1.9 in).

Stones River
The Stones River (properly spelled Stone's River) is a major stream of the eastern portion of Tennessee's Nashville Basin region and a tributary of the Cumberland River.  It is named after explorer and longhunter Uriah Stone, who navigated the river in 1767.
Charlotte 49ers men's soccer
The Charlotte 49ers men's soccer team is an intercollegiate varsity sports team of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. The team has been a member of the NCAA Division I American Conference (American) since the 2022 season—first as an associate member in 2022, and as a full member since 2023. The team plays their home games at Transamerica Field in Charlotte, North Carolina. In 2011, the team reached the championship of the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship, for the first time in program history.

Varsity team
A varsity team is the highest-level team in a sport or activity representing an educational institution. Varsity teams train to compete against each other during an athletic season or in periodic matches against rival institutions. At high schools in the United States, a varsity team is one step above a school's junior varsity (JV) team, which is composed of less experienced players.

The term varsity originated in Britain in the 1840s and means university; varsity team referring to the principal team that would represent the university in matches against another university. In contrast, student-run college teams within a university typically compete against each other in intramural events and, in the U.S., club sports.
Piadyky
Piadyky (Ukrainian: П'ядики; Polish: Piadyki) is a village in Kolomyia Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Piadyky rural hromada. Its population is 3,567 (as of 2023).

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Paul Mabille
Paul Mabille (1835 – 6 April 1923) was a French naturalist mainly interested in Lepidoptera and botany.

Mabille was born in 1835 in Tours, France. He was a member and President (1876–1877) of the Société entomologique de France and a member of the Société entomologique de Belgique. His Madagascar collections, once in the Charles Oberthur collection, are now in the Natural History Museum, London.

He wrote many papers on Neotropical Hesperiidae with Eugène Boullet. From 1865 to 1868 he edited the exsiccata Herbarium Corsicum. Mabille died in April 1923 in Perreux, Loire.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Walnut Tire and Battery Co.-Globe Publishing Company Building
The Walnut Tire and Battery Co. Globe Publishing Company Building is a historic building located on the west side of downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The two-story brick commercial building features two mirror-image sections that were completed four years apart. The western section of the Late Gothic Revival structure was completed in 1924 and the eastern section in 1928. Between the two sections is an interior staircase and a lightwell. The building is located on Des Moines' historic Auto Row, and it housed automobile-related businesses. Walnut Tire and Battery Co. built the original section for their own use and to rent space to tenants. They built the second section to increase the tenant space. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

Lightwell
In architecture, a lightwell, sky-well, or air shaft is an unroofed or roofed external space provided within the volume of a large building to allow light and air to reach what would otherwise be a dark or unventilated area. Lightwells may be lined with glazed bricks to increase the reflection of sunlight within the space. Lightwells may have sunlight reflecting mirrors on the top of light well.

Lightwells serve to reduce the necessity for electric lighting, add a central space within the building, and provide an internal open space for windows to give an illusion of having a view outside.