hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
King Leopold's Ghost
King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism in Colonial Africa (1998) is a best-selling popular history book by Adam Hochschild that explores the exploitation of the Congo Free State by King Leopold II of the Belgians between 1885 and 1908, as well as the large-scale atrocities committed during that period. The book, also a general biography of the private life of King Leopold, succeeded in increasing public awareness of these crimes in recent decades.

The book was refused by nine of the ten U.S. publishing houses to which an outline was submitted, but became an unexpected bestseller and won the prestigious Mark Lynton History Prize for literary style.  It also won the 1999 Duff Cooper Prize.  By 2013 more than 600,000 copies were in print in a dozen languages.

The book is the basis of a 2006 documentary film of the same name, directed by Pippa Scott and narrated by Don Cheadle.

Popular history
Popular history, also called pop history, is a broad genre of historiography that takes a popular approach, aims at a wide readership, and usually emphasizes narrative, personality and vivid detail over scholarly analysis. The term is used in contradistinction to professional academic or scholarly history writing which is usually more specialized and technical and thus less accessible to the general reader.
Galina Stepanenko
Galina Olegovna Stepanenko (Russian: Галина Олеговна Степаненко; born 12 June 1966) is a Russian ballet teacher. She is a former  prima ballerina of the Bolshoi Ballet, and since 2013 has been head of the Bolshoi's ballet troupe.

Le Corsaire
Le Corsaire is a ballet typically presented in three acts, with a libretto originally created by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges loosely based on the poem The Corsair by Lord Byron. Originally choreographed by Joseph Mazilier to the music of Adolphe Adam and other composers, it was first presented by the ballet of the Théâtre Impérial de l’Opéra in Paris on 23 January 1856. All modern productions of Le Corsaire are derived from the revivals staged by the Ballet Master Marius Petipa for the Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg throughout the mid to late 19th century.

The ballet has many celebrated passages which are often excerpted from the full-length work and performed independently: the scene Le Jardin animé, the Pas d’esclave, the Pas de trois des odalisques, and the so-called Le Corsaire pas de deux (music mostly by Riccardo Drigo), which is among classical ballet's most famous and performed excerpts.
Lens (hydrology)
In hydrology, a lens, also called freshwater lens or Ghyben-Herzberg lens, is a convex layer of fresh groundwater that floats above the denser saltwater and is usually found on small coral or limestone islands and atolls.  This aquifer of fresh water is recharged through precipitation that infiltrates the top layer of soil and percolates downward until it reaches the saturated zone.  The recharge rate of the lens can be summarized by the following equation:

Where  is the recharge rate in meters,  is precipitation (m), and  is evapotranspiration (m) of water.  With higher amounts of recharge, the hydraulic head is increased, and a thick freshwater lens is maintained through the dry season.  Lower rates of precipitation or higher rates of interception and evapotranspiration will decrease the hydraulic head, resulting in a thin lens.

Groundwater recharge
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface. Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone. Recharge occurs both naturally (through the water cycle) and through anthropogenic processes (i.e., "artificial groundwater recharge"), where rainwater and/or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface.

The most common methods to estimate recharge rates are: chloride mass balance (CMB); soil physics methods; environmental and isotopic tracers; groundwater-level fluctuation methods; water balance (WB) methods (including groundwater models (GMs)); and the estimation of baseflow (BF) to rivers.
Waitomo Caves Hotel
Waitomo Caves Hotel (originally called Waitomo House and later Government Hostel at Waitomo) is a historic hotel built in 1909 that is located in Waitomo District, King Country above Waitomo Caves in New Zealand. The hotel initially had only six bedrooms, and was later expanded in 1927–1928 with the addition of 24 more rooms, along with a new kitchen and dining room. The building is famous for its unique style of New Zealand Victorian. Some claim that the hotel is haunted.

King Country
The King Country (Māori: Te Rohe Pōtae or Rohe Pōtae o Maniapoto) is a region of the western North Island of New Zealand. It extends approximately from Kawhia Harbour and the town of Ōtorohanga in the north to the upper reaches of the Whanganui River in the south, and from the Hauhungaroa and Rangitoto Ranges in the east to near the Tasman Sea in the west. It comprises hill country, large parts of which are forested.

The region, albeit loosely defined, is very significant in New Zealand's history. The term "King Country" dates from the New Zealand Wars of the 1860s, when colonial forces invaded the Waikato and forces of the Māori King Movement withdrew south of what was called the aukati, or boundary, a line of pā alongside the Puniu River near Kihikihi. Land behind the aukati remained native territory, with Europeans warned they crossed it under threat of death.

Known for its rugged, rural roads and diverse landscape, the King Country has a warm climate, considered subtropical.
Phototaxis
Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from a stimulus of light. This is advantageous for phototrophic organisms as they can orient themselves most efficiently to receive light for photosynthesis. Phototaxis is called positive if the movement is in the direction of increasing light intensity and negative if the direction is opposite.

Phototaxis has been described in microorganisms and algea, insects and other invertebrates, and vertebrates. Typically nocturnal insects can show positive phototaxis, while nocturnal mammals often show negative phototaxis.

Chromophore
A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The word is derived from Ancient Greek  χρῶμᾰ (chroma) 'color' and  -φόρος (phoros) 'carrier of'.
The color that is seen by our eyes is that of the light not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum (or in informal contexts, the spectrum under scrutiny). Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state. In biological molecules that serve to capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the moiety that causes a conformational change in the molecule when hit by light.
Great Cities' Universities
The Great Cities' Universities (GCU) coalition, incorporated in 1998, is the successor organization to the Urban 13, an informal research-sharing association of urban universities in major metropolitan areas of the United States.

Great Cities' Universities' nineteen member institutions are public universities located in urban areas in the United States. The consortium engages in public-private partnerships to explore and address urban issues, such as those related to education, housing, environment, criminal justice, transportation, health care, workforce development, and economic stimulation.

Urban university
An urban university (which in some cases may be referred to as an urban-grant university or metropolitan university) is a U.S. term for an institution of higher learning that is socially involved and serves as a resource for educating the citizens and improving the health of the city or region in which it is located. That is, the urban university must be “of” the city as well as “in” the city. A metropolitan university includes a similar mission; however, its research has national and international implications and its student body includes a significant number of international students. Many institutions have further defined what urban and metropolitan universities encompass.
John McLeod (Canada West politician)
John McLeod (September 13, 1816 – July 1, 1887) was a Scottish-born merchant and political figure in Canada West. He represented Essex in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1858 to 1861 as a Conservative.

He was born in Edinburgh, the son of John McLeod and Ann Gordon, and came to Pictou, Nova Scotia with his family in 1832. McLeod was studying law and went to New York City with the intent of continuing his studies, but instead took a job as a clerk in a dry goods store. He entered business as a merchant in Detroit, later moving to Amherstburg. McLeod was also involved in shipbuilding and operated a distillery. In 1838, he married Mary Kenyon. In 1857, he defeated Arthur Rankin to win a seat in the assembly for the Province of Canada. McLeod died in Amherstburg at the age of 71.

Pictou
Pictou (/ˈpɪktoʊ/ PIK-toh; Canadian Gaelic: Baile Phiogto; Mi'kmaq: Piktuk) is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Glasgow.

Once an active shipping port and the shire town of the county, today Pictou is primarily a local service centre for surrounding rural communities and the primary tourist destination in this region of Nova Scotia.

The name Pictou derives from the Mi'kmaq name Piktuk, meaning 'explosive place', a reference to the river of pitch that was found in the area, or perhaps from methane bubbling up from coal seams below the harbour. The surrounding region formed one part of the Mi'kmaw district Epekwitk aq Piktuk, one of the seven districts of Mi'kma'ki.
The Castle (Fargo)
"The Castle" is the ninth and penultimate episode of the second season of the FX anthology series Fargo, and the nineteenth episode of the series overall. It was written by series showrunner Noah Hawley alongside Steve Blackman and directed by Adam Arkin.

The episode first aired on December 7, 2015, and was seen by 1.31 million viewers. The episode was notable for the controversial appearance of a UFO during its climax, which served as a culmination of numerous UFO-related references recurring throughout the season. "The Castle" was acclaimed by critics, who praised its script, acting performances, and the climactic action sequence at the end.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Woman Thou Art Loosed
Woman Thou Art Loosed is a 2004 American drama film directed by Michael Schultz and written by Stan Foster. It was produced by Stan Foster and Reuben Cannon. It is the 44th film or series directed by Schultz and is adapted from the self-help novel by T. D. Jakes. The film tells the story of a young woman who must come to terms with a long history of sexual abuse, drug addiction, and poverty. It has been reported that the story was loosely based on the screenwriter's past relationship with a college girlfriend. A gospel stage play, written, directed, and produced by Tyler Perry, preceded the film.

Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts, or rape, in real time on webcam.

Molestation refers to an instance of sexual assault, especially when perpetrated against a child. The perpetrator is called (often pejoratively) a molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to sexually stimulate any of the involved. The use of a child for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse and, for pubescent or post-pubescent individuals younger than the age of consent, statutory rape.

Sexual abuse can be perpetrated against other vulnerable populations like the elderly, a form of elder abuse, or those with developmental disabilities.
Green Acres, Coos County, Oregon
Green Acres (or Greenacres) is an unincorporated community in Coos County, Oregon, United States, east of Oregon Route 42 between Coos Bay and Coquille. It is near the southernmost point of the Isthmus Slough of Coos Bay.

The area that is now Green Acres was a 700-acre (2.8 km2) farm homesteaded by master shipbuilder John Kruse, a Danish immigrant, in the late 19th century. Kruse was best known for building the Western Shore for Asa Meade Simpson. The three-masted wooden clipper ship was one of the largest tall ships ever built on the West Coast of the United States. She set several speed records.

Today the community has a Grange hall, a volunteer fire department, and a community church. The community formerly had a school in the Coos Bay School District that closed in 1985.  Green Acres is also home to the Noble Creek Fish Hatchery.

Coos Bay, Oregon
Coos Bay (Coos: Atsiixis) is a city located in Coos County, Oregon, United States, where the Coos River enters Coos Bay on the Pacific Ocean. It shares Coos Bay with the adjacent city of North Bend. Together, they are often referred to as one entity called either Coos Bay-North Bend or Oregon's Bay Area. Coos Bay's population as of the 2020 census was 15,985 residents, making it the most populous city on the Oregon Coast. Oregon's Bay Area is estimated to be home to 32,308 (Coos Bay Census County Division).
Dawanne Devi
Dawanne Devi  is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 10,833 people living in 2058 individual households. The place derives its name from Daunne Devi Temple.

Daunne Devi Temple
Daunne Devi Temple (Nepali: दाउन्ने देवी मन्दिर) is a Hindu temple of Durga located in, Nawalparasi district of Nepal. The temple lies in the hill pass at an elevation of 1033 m msl in route from Bardaghat to Dumkibas. The temple also has Shivalaya due to which the temple is visited by pilgrimages in the month of Shrawan. The temple is believed to be established by Jung Bahadur Rana.

The Daunne hill was called Trikut Parbat in ancient times. It was place where Valmiki came for meditation.  The place is also believed to be visited by Mayadevi, the mother Sakyamuni Buddha, for meditation.

The temple is maintained by user community since 2049 BS. The current temple was constructed in 2055 BS. In 2032 BS, archeological excavation discovered three inscriptions near the temple. Another survey in 2053 BS discovered ancient coins.
Kelly Merrick
Kelly Merrick (née Richards;  born 1975) is an American politician from Alaska. A Republican,  Merrick was elected to the Alaska State Senate in 2022, representing District L in Eagle River. She was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 2019 to 2023. She took office as State Senator on January 17, 2023.

Alaska House of Representatives
The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. The House is composed of 40 members, each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 census figures.  Members serve two-year terms without term limits. With 40 representatives, the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower chamber in the United States. The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau.
Achaguas Municipality
The Achaguas Municipality is one of the seven municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Apure has an area of 15,754 km2 and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 58,516.  The town of Achaguas is the municipal seat of the Achaguas Municipality.

Municipal seat
A municipal seat (Spanish: cabecera municipal; ) is the administrative center and seat of government of a municipality or civil parish, with other villages or towns subordinated. The term is used in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala and Venezuela.
Subependymoma
A subependymoma is a type of brain tumor; specifically, it is a rare form of ependymal tumor. They are usually in middle aged people. Earlier, they were called subependymal astrocytomas.

The prognosis for a subependymoma is better than for most ependymal tumors, and it is considered a grade I tumor in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.

They are classically found within the fourth ventricle, typically have a well demarcated interface to normal tissue and do not usually extend into the brain parenchyma, like ependymomas often do.

Fourth ventricle
The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. These cavities, known collectively as the ventricular system, consist of the left and right lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. The fourth ventricle extends from the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) to the obex, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The fourth ventricle has a characteristic diamond shape in cross-sections of the human brain. It is located within the pons or in the upper part of the medulla oblongata. CSF entering the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct can exit to the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord through two lateral apertures and a single, midline median aperture.
Sutton Heights
Sutton Heights (69°45′S 71°30′W﻿ / ﻿69.750°S 71.500°W﻿ / -69.750; -71.500) is an eminence rising to about 800 m lying between the Lassus Mountains and Debussy Heights, in the northern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The area was photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947, mapped from air photographs by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1959, and surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey in 1975–76. They are named after John Sutton, Professor of Geology, at Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, who studied the area from 1958 to 1973.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
2021 European Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2021 European Canoe Slalom Championships took place from 6 to 9 May 2021 in Ivrea, Italy under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 22nd edition of the competition. Ivrea hosted the event for the first time. The extreme canoe slalom events made their debut at the European Championships (formerly known as Extreme K1).

This event also served as the European qualification for the postponed 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article details the canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics qualifying phase. The 2020 Summer Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to 2012 and 2016 format, a qualification system has been set up for both slalom and sprint canoeing at these games. The quotas have already been set for each event by the International Canoe Federation in October 2018.
Ulrich Nußbaum
Ulrich Nußbaum (born 10 April 1957) is a German lawyer and politician served as State Secretary at the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy under the leadership of minister Peter Altmaier in the fourth coalition government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2018 to 2021.

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (German: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm fyːɐ̯ ˈvɪʁt.ʃaft ʔʊnt eneʁˈɡiː]; abbreviated BMWE, formerly BMWi) is a cabinet-level ministry  of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was previously known as the "Ministry of Economy". It was recreated in 2005 as "Ministry of Economics and Technology" after it had previously been merged with other ministries to form the Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour between 2002 and 2005. The ministry is advised by the Council of Advisors on Digital Economy.
Kit Cosper
James Kitchen ‘Kit’ Cosper (born October 21, 1967) was the sixth employee at Red Hat and one of the founders of Linux Hardware Solutions (LHS) as well as a founding director of Linux International.

After LHS was acquired by VA Linux Cosper became Director of Miscellaneous at VA and eventually managed their open source advocacy group, consisting of Chris DiBona, Joseph Arruda and John Mark Walker.

During the Dot Com implosion of 2001 Cosper left VA and went on to serve as Executive Technical Advisor and interim CTO at Telkonet, a powerline networking startup in Germantown, Maryland.

He was married on May 5, 1990, in Wilmington, NC to Lourie Cosper and has three children: William (born March 1985), Keifer (born April 1993) and Elizabeth (born Jan. 1996). His first grandchild Hulet James Cosper, a namesake, was born in Jan. 2019 in Elmer, NJ to his oldest son William and his wife Elizabeth Cosper née Atwill.

Elmer, New Jersey
Elmer is a borough in Salem County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,347, a decrease of 48 (−3.4%) from the 2010 census count of 1,395, which in turn reflected an increase of 11 (+0.8%) from the 1,384 counted in the 2000 census. It is the home of the annual Appel Farm Arts and Music Festival, which celebrated its 23rd year in 2012.
Paul Wattson
Paul Wattson, SA (born Lewis Thomas Wattson; January 16, 1863 – February 8, 1940), was an American priest who co-founded the Society of the Atonement with Mother Lurana White, and the Christian Unity Octave in the Episcopal Church. He was later received into the Catholic Church and is remembered as an advocate for ecumenism.

Wattson was ordained an Episcopal priest in 1886. He converted to Catholicism in 1909, and was ordained a Catholic priest in 1910. After his death, Wattson was made a candidate for canonization in 2014 and has thus been named a Servant of God.

Servant of God
Servant of God (Latin: Servus Dei) is a title used in the Catholic Church to indicate that for an individual a beatification process has been opened. In a canonical process, the so-called heroic virtue or the authenticity of martyrdom has been proved. The conferral is a procedural step in the beatification process and is based solely on the examination of a person's life by the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, without examination or consideration of any miracles. The conferral is announced in the presence of the Pope.