hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maarten Altena
Maarten van Regteren Altena (born January 22, 1943) is a Dutch composer and contrabassist.
Altena attended the Conservatorium van Amsterdam (he studied contrabass) and graduated in 1968. Between 1980 and 1985, he studied composition with Robert Heppener.

Contrabass
Contrabass (from Italian: contrabbasso) refers to several musical instruments of very low pitch—generally one octave below bass register instruments. While the term most commonly refers to the double bass (which is the bass instrument in the orchestral string family, tuned lower than the cello), many other instruments in the contrabass register exist.

The term "contrabass" is relative, usually denoting a very low-pitched instrument of its type, rather than one in a particular range.

For example, the contrabass flute's lowest note is approximately an octave higher than that of the contrabass clarinet.

Instruments tuned below contrabass instruments, such as the double contrabass flute or subcontrabass saxophone, may be referred to as "double contrabass," "triple contrabass," "subcontrabass," or "octocontrabass" instruments.

On the other hand, the "contrabass" classification often includes such instruments.
Tsizgari
Tsizgari (Russian: Цизгари; Dargwa: ЦӀизгъари) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Tsizgarinsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 353 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Dakhadayevsky District
Dakhadayevsky District (Russian: Дахада́евский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic. The area of the district is 1,450 square kilometers (560 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Urkarakh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 36,709, with the population of Urkarakh accounting for 12.0% of that number.
CrossFTP
CrossFTP is a free FTP, Amazon S3, Amazon Glacier, Google Storage, and Microsoft Azure storage client for Win, Mac, and Linux. CrossFTP adopts traditional FTP client GUI with local files displayed on the left, remote files on the right. CrossFTP Pro further includes SFTP, FTPS, and WebDav support, and features scheduling and directory synchronization.

Amazon S3 Glacier
Amazon S3 Glacier is an online file storage web service that provides storage for data archiving and backup.

Glacier is part of the Amazon Web Services suite of cloud computing services, and is designed for long-term storage of data that is infrequently accessed and for which standard retrieval latency times of 12 to 48 hours are acceptable. Base monthly storage costs are $0.00099/GB or about $1/TB (East Coast USA Prices). This is substantially cheaper than the Simple Storage Service (S3) Standard tier with its nearly instant egress times.

Amazon aims to move customers from on-premises tape backup drives to cloud-based backup.
Afrosciadium englerianum
Afrosciadium englerianum is a member of the carrot family, Apiaceae. It is a perennial tuberous herb, endemic to the Aberdare Mountains in Kenya.

Afrosciadium englerianum was previously classified as Peucedanum englerianum before the genus Afrosciadium was established in 2008.

Afrosciadium englerianum is found between roughly 3,400 to 3,750 meters above sea level, in rough grasslands or swamps in the mountains of Kenya. It grows to be 35 to 80 centimeters tall, with a stem roughly 5 millimeters in diameter at its base. It boasts flowers with small, oblong petals, roughly 1.5 millimeters across, of a green-tinged white or cream color. The large, tuberous root grows up to 30 centimeters long.

Aberdare Range
The Aberdare Range (formerly the Sattima Range, Kikuyu: Nyandarua) is a 160 km (99 mi) long mountain range of upland, north of Kenya's capital Nairobi with an average elevation of 3,500 metres (11,480 ft). It straddles the counties of Nyandarua, Nyeri, Murang'a, Kiambu and Laikipia. The mountain range is in west central Kenya, northeast of Naivasha and Gilgil and lies just south of the Equator. The mountain range is called Nyandarua among the Agikuyu people in whose territory this forest and mountain range is located. The name Nyandarua comes from the Kikuyu word rwandarua meaning a drying hide, due to the distinctive fold of its silhouette.
Salt Creek Beach Park
Salt Creek Beach Park is a beach park located in Dana Point, California, in the county of Orange. A popular destination for South Orange County residents, it features amenities such as a halfcourt basketball court, beach volleyball, and a seven-acre grassy Bluff Park, and offers opportunities for surfing, swimming, and fishing. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) south of Laguna Beach, 70 miles (110 km) north of San Diego, and 45 miles (72 km) south of Los Angeles.

Dana Point, California
Dana Point (/ˌdeɪnə-/ DAY-nuh) is an affluent coastal city located in southern Orange County, California, United States. The population was 33,107 at the 2020 census. It has one of the few harbors along the Orange County coast; with ready access via State Route 1, it is a popular local destination for surfing.

The city was named after the headland of Dana Point, which was in turn named after Richard Henry Dana Jr., author of Two Years Before the Mast, which included a description of the area. Dana described the locale, including neighboring San Juan Capistrano, as "the only romantic spot on the coast". This area is designated California Historical Landmark #189.
László Palácsik
László Palácsik (22 May 1959 – 27 January 2022) was a Hungarian biathlete. He competed in the 20 km individual event at the 1984 Winter Olympics.

Palácsik died from heart disease on 27 January 2022, at the age of 62.

Biathlon at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Individual
The Men's 20 kilometre individual biathlon competition at the 1984 Winter Olympics was held on 11 February, at Igman - Veliko Polke.  Each miss resulted in one minute being added to a competitor's skiing time.
2002 Bhutan A-Division
The 2002 season of the Bhutanese A-Division was the eighth recorded season of top-flight football in Bhutan and started on 28 July 2002. The league was won by Druk Pol, their sixth title. Eleven teams took part, four from Phuentsholing and seven from Thimphu.

Rigzung won promotion from the B-Division to the A-Division.

Rigzhung FC
Rigzhung Football Club was a football club from Thimphu, Bhutan, based at Changlimithang. Having won the B-Division in 2002, they spent a number of seasons struggling in the A-Division and regularly finished bottom or second from bottom only to gain a reprieve whether through relegation playoffs or because there was no relegation that season. After several years, they were finally sent down to the B-Division, where they were last recorded playing in 2013.
Costus productus
Costus productus, known as orange tulip ginger, dwarf orange ginger, or green mountain spiral flag, is a species of plant in the Costaceae family. Costus productus is native to South Colombia and Peru.

Costus productus var. strigosis is a hairy variety from southern Colombia, while Costus productus var. productus is a smooth variety from Peru. The cultivated forms of Costus productus are all C. productus var. productus, and there are several different cultivars.

The flowers of Costus productus are edible. The Yanesha people use Costus productus along with Bactris gasipaes and Bromelia species to treat symptoms of epilepsy.

Costus productus has been often incorrectly identified as Costus curvibracteatus.

Bromelia
Bromelia is a genus of about 70 plant species widespread across Latin America and the West Indies. It is the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, and its type species is B. karatas. Bromelia species are characterized by flowers with a deeply cleft calyx. The genus is named after the Swedish medical doctor and botanist Olof Bromelius (1639-1705).
Gravity (Luna Sea song)
"Gravity" is the twelfth single by Japanese rock band Luna Sea, released by Universal on March 29, 2000. It was the band's sixth number one on the Oricon Singles Chart, and was certified Gold by the RIAJ for sales over 200,000. The single was released in Taiwan on April 7, 2000.

Marié Digby
Marié Christina Digby (/ˌmɑːriˈeɪ/ MAR-ee-AY; born April 16, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter best known for her acoustic cover version of Rihanna's "Umbrella", which was featured on the MTV show The Hills and peaked at #10 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.

Her debut album, Unfold, was released on April 8, 2008. Digby has since released several studio albums, EPs and singles, including one Japanese cover album.
Orzeł bielik
Orzeł bielik gold coins are a series of gold bullion coins of .9999 purity, issued by the Polish National Bank. These coins were minted on the order of the President of the Polish National Bank on 12 June 1995.

The obverse side of the coin bears the emblem of the Republic of Poland, the denomination, and date of minting. The reverse side shows a stylized silhouette of a white-tailed eagle and information about the sample and the weight of the coin. The edge is smooth. The coins are packaged in special plastic packaging. Each coin is accompanied by a certificate, along with technical data, a number, and a brief description.

Available denominations are:

zl 50, weighing 0.1 ounces, with a diameter of 18.0& mm

zl 100 - 0.25 oz, 22.0 mm

zl 200 - 0.5 oz, 27.0 mm

zl 500 - 1 oz (31, 10 g), 32.0 mm.

Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.
Daniel R. Curtin
Daniel R. Curtin (July 3, 1855 – October 17, 1916) was an American businessman, farmer, and politician.

Born in the town of Woodville, Calumet County, Wisconsin, he went to the Calumet County public schools and to the mining school in Ontario, Canada. He was in the real estate, mining, and lumber business. Curtin was also a dairy farmer. Curtin also owned the site where Biwabik, Minnesota is now located; for ten years, Curtin was in the mining and lumber business. In 1905, Curtin served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican from Calumet County. In 1908, Curtin and his wife moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Calumet County, Wisconsin
Calumet County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,442. The county seat is Chilton. The county was created in 1836 (then in the Wisconsin Territory) and organized in 1850.

Calumet County is included in the Appleton, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Combined Statistical Area.

The Holyland is partially located in southern Calumet County.
2011 Knoxville Challenger – Doubles
Rik de Voest and Izak van der Merwe are the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals.
Steve Johnson and Austin Krajicek won the title, defeating Adam Hubble and Frederik Nielsen 3–6, 6–4, [13–11] in the final.

Steve Johnson (tennis)
Steve Johnson Jr. (born December 24, 1989) is an American former professional tennis player.

He had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 21 achieved on July 25, 2016, and a doubles ranking of world No. 39 achieved on May 23, 2016.
For one week in August 2016, Johnson was the top-ranked American in men's singles. He won four ATP Tour and nine ATP Challenger Tour titles, one at Nottingham on grass, twice at Houston on clay, and one at Newport on grass. He won a bronze medal in men's doubles at the 2016 Olympics with fellow American Jack Sock.

Johnson played college tennis for the USC Trojans. He won the NCAA Men's Singles Championship in his junior and senior seasons (2011–2012), and he was a part of a Trojan team that won four consecutive NCAA Championships.
Pristimantis glandulosus
Pristimantis glandulosus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is endemic to Ecuador.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests and high-altitude grassland.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Kurahashi (surname)
Kurahashi (written: 倉橋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Norihiko Kurahashi (倉橋 範彦, born 1932), Japanese swimmer

Yoeko Kurahashi (倉橋 ヨエコ, born 1976), Japanese singer-songwriter

Yumiko Kurahashi (倉橋 由美子, 1935–2005), Japanese writer

Yumiko Kurahashi
Yumiko Kurahashi (倉橋 由美子, Kurahashi Yumiko; October 10, 1935 – June 10, 2005) was a Japanese writer. Her married name was Yumiko Kumagai (熊谷 由美子, Kumagai Yumiko), but she wrote under her birth name.

Her work was experimental and antirealist, questioning prevailing societal norms regarding sexual relations, violence, and social order. Her antinovels employed pastiche, parody, and other elements typical of postmodernist writing.
Noted: Alicia Keys The Untold Stories
Noted: Alicia Keys The Untold Stories  is a 2021 documentary series about the life and career of American singer and songwriter  Alicia Keys. The series offers insight into Keys’ world as an artist, a mother and wife through live performances, behind the scenes footage and conversations. The series was released in four episodes on YouTube as part of YouTube Originals September 30, 2021. In the series. Keys previews four songs, “Skydive”, “Is It Insane”, “Best of Me” and “Lala” from her eighth studio album Keys (2021). Fifth bonus episode was released on YouTube Premium and features behind the scenes footage of Keys and the director TT The Artist producing four music videos.

Kerry Brothers Jr.
Kerry Brothers Jr. (born October 1, 1970), also known as Krucial, is an American record producer, songwriter and rapper. Both natives of New York City, he and singer-songwriter Alicia Keys began a musical partnership in 1998, with songwriting and production work in tandem on several of the latter's earlier releases—Songs in A Minor (2001), The Diary of Alicia Keys (2003), As I Am (2007), and The Element of Freedom (2009). He has won two Grammy Awards: Best R&B Album for his contributions to Songs in A Minor, and Best R&B Song for Keys' 2007 single, "No One".

In 2006, Brothers released his debut extended play (EP) Take Da Hood Back. Brothers co-wrote songs that appeared on the soundtracks of films such as Dr. Dolittle, Shaft, and Ali. He has also worked with other R&B and hip hop acts, including Mario, Rakim, Angie Stone, Nas, Keyshia Cole, Goapele, Drake and K'naan.
Alaska Thunderfuck
Justin Andrew Honard (born March 6, 1985), best known by the stage name Alaska Thunderfuck 5000 or Alaska Thunderfuck  and mononymously as Alaska, is an American drag queen and singer from Erie, Pennsylvania. She is best known as a runner-up on the fifth season of RuPaul's Drag Race and the winner of the second season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars.

Alaska co-hosts the web series Bro'Laska alongside her brother, Cory Binney. Her first studio album, Anus, was released in 2015, followed by her second album, Poundcake, in 2016, and her third album, Vagina, in 2019. Her fourth album, Red 4 Filth, was released in 2022. Alaska is also a part of The AAA Girls, a drag group with Willam and Courtney Act and hosts the podcast Race Chaser with Willam.

Dimension 20
Dimension 20 is an actual play show produced by and broadcast on Dropout, and created and generally hosted by Brennan Lee Mulligan as the show's regular Dungeon Master. It is an anthology series, with the setting and cast changing between seasons. Most of the games use Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition. Long seasons, featuring a core cast of players in seventeen or more episodes, are interspersed with shorter side quests, featuring a rotating cast in eleven or fewer episodes.
Jervis Langdon Jr.
Jervis Langdon Jr. (January 28, 1905 – February 16, 2004) was an American railroad executive noted as president of B&O, the Rock Island, and Penn Central.

Langdon was a member of The Hill School class of 1923, but was expelled due to participating in a party where alcohol was involved (although he did not consume it). He then matriculated at Cornell University, and graduated with the class of 1927. He was nominated for the Rhodes Scholarship, but was ultimately not selected.

He served as a colonel in the Army Air Force during World War II.

He was a grand-nephew of Mark Twain, and in 1982, he donated his family house Quarry Farm to Elmira College for the use of studies of the author.

Elmira College
Elmira College is a private college in Elmira, New York, United States. Founded as a college for women in 1855, it is the oldest existing college granting degrees to women that were the equivalent of those given to men. Elmira College became coeducational in all of its programs in 1969. As of 2023, the college has an enrollment of approximately 657 students.

The school's colors, purple and gold, are seen throughout the traditional campus, consisting mainly of buildings of the Victorian and Collegiate Gothic architectural styles. The colors purple and gold come from both the banners of the women's suffrage movement and the iris, the college flower.

The octagonal study in which Mark Twain wrote many of his most widely read novels is located on campus, as well as a research facility for Twain scholars.
Indiana Production
Indiana Production is an Italian multimedia company founded in December 2005 by Fabrizio Donvito and Marco Cohen. The international company has its headquarter in Milan, with subsidiaries in Rome and Los Angeles. Core business of the company is the production of a variety of contents: feature film, commercial, digital and branded content. Partners of the company are Fabrizio Donvito, Marco Cohen, Benedetto Habib and Karim Bartoletti.

Italy in a Day
Italy in a Day - Un giorno da italiani is a 2014 Italian-British documentary film directed by Gabriele Salvatores. It was part of the Out of Competition section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.

Salvatores used the crowdsourced documentary Britain in a Day as a prototype to produce Italy in a Day, which included clips selected from 45,000 video submissions recorded on 26 October 2013.  The film was said to reflect the fears of Italians during a recession, their uncertainty over their national identity, and their refusal to give up on dreams.
Walter E. Scott
Walter Edward Perry Scott (September 20, 1872 – January 5, 1954), also known as Death Valley Scotty, was a prospector, performer, and con man who was made famous by his many scams involving gold mining and the mansion in Death Valley, known as Scotty's Castle.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Johann Adam Philipp Hepp
Johann Adam Philipp Hepp (26 October 1797, in Kaiserslautern – 5 February 1867, in Frankfurt am Main) was a German physician and lichenologist.

He studied medicine at the University of Würzburg, and from 1826 worked as a doctor in Neustadt an der Haardt. Because of his activities during the German revolutionary period of 1848–49, he was forced to move to Switzerland, where he lived in exile for the rest of his life. In Switzerland, he devoted his time to lichenological research, and in 1857 started to publish an exsiccata work on European lichens titled Die Flechten Europas in getrockneten mikroskopisch untersuchten Exemplaren mit Beschreibung und Abbildung ihrer Sporen. He died on 5 February 1867 while visiting his daughter in Frankfurt.

Neustadt an der Weinstraße
Neustadt an der Weinstraße (German: [ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə]; lit. 'New City on the Wine Route'; Palatine German: Naischdadt an de Woischdrooß), formerly known as Neustadt an der Haardt, is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With 53,300 inhabitants as of 2020, it is the largest town called Neustadt.
High Commission of South Africa, London
The High Commission of South Africa in London is the diplomatic mission from South Africa to the United Kingdom. It is located at South Africa House, a building on Trafalgar Square, London. As well as containing the offices of the High Commissioner, the building also hosts the South African consulate. It has been a Grade II* listed building since 1982.

Consulate
A consulate is the office of a consul. A type of mission, it is usually subordinate to the state's main representation in the capital of that foreign country (host state), usually an embassy (or, only between two Commonwealth countries, a high commission). The term "consulate" may refer not only to the office of a consul, but also to the building occupied by the consul and the consul's staff. The consulate primarily serves its visiting nationals to the region in which it is based, and prospective visitors, commercial entities, or regional governments, who wish access or connections to the consulate's home country. There is usually also consular services in the capital too, and in those cases, the consulate may share premises with the embassy itself.