hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing attack
In cryptography, a distinguishing attack is any form of cryptanalysis on data encrypted by a cipher that allows an attacker to distinguish the encrypted data from random data. Modern symmetric-key ciphers are specifically designed to be immune to such an attack. In other words, modern encryption schemes are pseudorandom permutations and are designed to have ciphertext indistinguishability. If an algorithm is found that can distinguish the output from random faster than a brute force search, then that is considered a break of the cipher.

A similar concept is the known-key distinguishing attack, whereby an attacker knows the key and can find a structural property in the cipher, where the transformation from plaintext to ciphertext is not random.

Symmetric-key algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information link. The requirement that both parties have access to the secret key is one of the main drawbacks of symmetric-key encryption, in comparison to asymmetric-key encryption (also known as public-key encryption). However, symmetric-key encryption algorithms are usually better for bulk encryption. With exception of the one-time pad they have a smaller key size, which means less storage space and faster transmission. Due to this, asymmetric-key encryption is often used to exchange the secret key for symmetric-key encryption.
Bely (surname)
Bely (Russian: Бе́лый; masculine) or Belaya (Бе́лая; feminine) is a Russian last name meaning "white". It is shared by the following people:

Aleksey Bely (born 1961), Ukrainian politician

Andrei Bely (1880–1934), pseudonym of Boris Bugayev, a Russian novelist, poet, and literary critic

Mikhail Bely, Russian diplomat, Russian ambassador to Japan

Viktor Bely (1904–1983), Russian composer and social activist

Oleksii Bilyi
Oleksii Petrovych Bilyi was a Head of the Mariupol Iron & Steel Works (until 2006). He is a member of the Ukrainian parliament (since November 2007), and a member of the  Economic Policy Committee (since December 2007).
Becca (musician)
Rebecca Emily Hollcraft (born May 9, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, known professionally as Becca, Becca-chan, and Bec Hollcraft. From 2012 to 2015, she was the lead singer in the rock band Stars in Stereo.

I Drove All Night
"I Drove All Night" is a song written and composed by American songwriters Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly and originally intended for Roy Orbison. Orbison recorded the song in 1987, the year before his death, but his version was not released until 1991. Before that, Cyndi Lauper recorded the song and released it as a single for her A Night to Remember album. Her version became a top 10 hit on both sides of the Atlantic in 1989 and was also her final top 40 hit on the American pop charts. Lauper still regularly performs the song in her live concerts. The song has also been covered by Canadian singer Celine Dion in 2003, whose version topped the Canadian Singles Chart and reached number seven on the US Adult Contemporary chart. A version also released in 2003 by country music band Pinmonkey also made top 40 on the US Hot Country Songs chart.
BNS Shaheed Ruhul Amin
Two ships of the Bangladesh Navy carried the name BNS Shaheed Ruhul Amin:

BNS Shaheed Ruhul Amin (1974), an ex-Canadian coastal passenger-cargo vessel named Anticosti acquired in 1974.

BNS Shaheed Ruhul Amin (1994), an Island-class patrol craft currently in service. Used as a training ship.

Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.
Javier Bello-Portu
Javier Bello-Portu (Tolosa, 1920–2004) was a Basque composer. He was founder of the choir Escolanía Felipe Gorriti in 1943, for whom he composed the majority of his fifty choral works. Other works were composed for another choir he founded in the French Basque Country, the Basque Country Choir of Bayonne. His work was influenced by French impressionism and by the work of Father Donostia.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Jonathan October
Jonathan October (born 21 September 1974) is a South African-born Finnish cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler. He was born in Mossel Bay.

October's career began in 2002 when he represented Finland at the ECC Representative Festival competition, against Slovenia. Thanks to October's batting in the 40-over match, putting on 45 runs, they won the match by nine wickets.

October played in the Notts Sport Affiliates Championship competition in 2005, and in 2006 played in the Second Division of the Shepherd Neame Kent Cricket League for Bromley Common. October picked up two first-class appearances and two List A appearances for South Western Districts in the SAA Three-Day Challenge competition of 2006–07.

October played one further season in the Kent Cricket League, boosting Bromley Common's middle-order offense, and making a half-century in his final game in the competition.

South Western Districts cricket team
South Western Districts, known as SW Districts or SWD, is a South African first class cricket team based in the Western Cape city of Oudtshoorn, representing approximately the eastern half of Western Cape province. They form part of the Cape Cobras franchise, and play their home games at the Oudtshoorn Recreation Ground.
Bandon Township, Renville County, Minnesota
Bandon Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 202 at the 2000 census.

Bandon Township was organized in 1871, and named after Bandon, County Cork, Ireland.

Bandon, County Cork
Bandon (/ˈbændən/; Irish: Droichead na Bandan) is a town in County Cork, Ireland. It lies on the River Bandon between two hills. The name in Irish means 'bridge of the Bandon', a reference to the origin of the town as a crossing point on the river. In 2004 Bandon celebrated its quatercentenary. The town, sometimes called the Gateway to West Cork, had a population of 8,196 at the 2022 census.
Jordan Creek Town Center
Jordan Creek Town Center is a shopping mall in the city of West Des Moines, Iowa.  It is the largest shopping complex in the state of Iowa with a total gross leasable area of 1,340,000 square feet (124,000 m2). It is also the fourth largest shopping complex in the Midwest, and the 24th largest shopping complex in the United States. The center is named after Jordan Creek, a tributary of the Raccoon River that was named after James Cunningham Jordan, the first person to settle in what is now West Des Moines. The mall's anchor stores are Century Theatres, Dillard's, Von Maur, and Scheels All Sports and includes the only Apple Store in Iowa.

Dillard's
Dillard's, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1938 by William T. Dillard. It is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and operates approximately 272 stores in 30 states. Currently, the largest number of stores are located in Texas with 57 and Florida with 42.
Biggin Church Ruins
The Biggin Church Ruins are the ruins of a church in Berkeley County, South Carolina. Biggin Church is its name in the USGS Geographic Names Information System. The ruins are about 2 mi (3 km) from Moncks Corner, South Carolina, near the intersection of South Carolina Highway 402 and State Highway 8-376. The church has been burned three times since it was first constructed in about 1711. It was the church of the parish of St. John's, Berkeley (Strawberry Chapel.) The ruins are from the church built in 1761 and its reconstruction in 1781. It was included in the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1977.
UPDATE 11/2019: Biggin Church Ruins remain part of Strawberry Chapel’s land.

Berkeley County, South Carolina
Berkeley County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 229,861. Its county seat is Moncks Corner, and the largest community is Goose Creek.

After two previous incarnations of Berkeley County, the current county was created in 1882. Berkeley County is included in the Charleston, South Carolina metropolitan area.
1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was a Gaelic football match played at Croke Park on 7 October 1956 to determine the winners of the 1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the 70th season of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. The  tournament was organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champions of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cork of Munster and Galway of Connacht, with Galway winning by 2–13 to 3–7.

The All-Ireland final between Galway and Cork was their first championship meeting since the 1945 All-Ireland semi-final when Cork triumphed by 2–12 to 2–8. An outbreak of polio in Cork led to the game, like its hurling counterpart the previous month, being postponed by the Central Council of the GAA following a request from public health officials in Dublin, who were worried by the prospect of large numbers of Cork people descending on the city.

1945 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1945 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 59th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. It was played at venues all over Ireland from 29 April to 23 September 1945.

31 teams entered, with Kilkenny once again declining to field a team. Roscommon were the defending champions, however, they surrendered their title in their opening game, a Connacht semi-final defeat by Mayo.

The All-Ireland final was played on 23 September 1945 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Cork and Cavan, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Cork won the match by 2–05 to 0–07 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title since 1911.
Harshad Patel (politician)
Harshad Ranchhodbhai Patel (born 1971) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Sabarmati Assembly constituency in Ahmedabad district. He won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Ahmedabad district
Ahmedabad (Amdavad) district is a district comprises the city of Ahmedabad, in the central part of the state of Gujarat in western India. It is the seventh most populous district in India (out of 739). Ahmedabad District Surrounded By Kheda district in the east, Mehsana district in the north, Anand district in the south and Surendranagar district in the west.
John Jenkins (American football coach)
John Jenkins (born June 20, 1952) is an American football coach and former player.  He served as the head football coach the University of Houston from 1990 to 1992, compiling a record of 18–15.  A proponent of the run and shoot offense, Jenkins also coached professional football in the United States Football League (USFL), the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL).  He served as the head coach of the CFL's Ottawa Renegades in 2006, the FXFL's Blacktips in 2014 and the Hudson Valley Fort for part of 2015.  During his career as a coach, Jenkins has mentored a number of notable quarterbacks such as Andre Ware, David Klingler, Jim Kelly, Eric Crouch, Kliff Kingsbury, Anthony Calvillo and Doug Flutie.

Denver Gold
The Denver Gold was an American football franchise in the United States Football League (USFL) from 1983 to 1985. The Gold played their home games at Mile High Stadium in Denver, Colorado; and were co-tenants in the spring with the Triple-A Denver Zephyrs baseball team (Denver Bears prior to 1984).
1975 Pro Bowl
The 1975 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 25th annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1974 season. The game was played on Monday, January 20, 1975, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The final score was NFC 17, AFC 10. James Harris of the Los Angeles Rams was named the game's Most Valuable Player.

Attendance at the game was 26,484. John Madden of the Oakland Raiders coached the AFC while the NFC was led by the Los Angeles Rams' Chuck Knox. The referee for the game was Dick Jorgensen. It was the first of five straight Pro Bowls played on ABC's Monday Night Football package.

Dick Jorgensen
Richard M. Jorgensen (April 12, 1934 – October 10, 1990) was an American football official in the National Football League (NFL) for 22 years, through the 1989 season, the last 19 years as a referee.

Jorgensen's officiating career was highlighted by being selected to referee Super Bowl XXIV in January 1990. He was an alternate official for Super Bowl VIII in 1974 and Super Bowl XV in 1981.
Califano
Califano is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arcangelo Califano (fl. 1730s-1750s), Italian composer and musician

Aniello Califano (1870–1919), Italian poet and writer

Christian Califano (born 1972), French rugby player

Dan Califano (fl. 1973), Argentine or American soccer player

Franco Califano (1938–2013), Italian musician

John Edmund Califano (1862–1946), American artist

Joseph A. Califano Jr. (born 1931), American jurist, government administrator, and writer

John Edmund Califano
John Edmund Califano (December 5, 1862 in Rome – June 15, 1946 in Van Nuys), was a student of Domenico Morelli. Califano became a landscape artist, especially noted for his scenes of California and Italy. In 1881, he came to the United States and lived in Chicago until 1908. By 1915, he was in San Francisco and spent the last years of his life in Van Nuys.

Califano exhibited in Naples, Italy in 1880, receiving a gold medal, as well as showing at the Art Institute of Chicago, in 1907; and the National Academy of Design, New York City, 1897–99.
Kyrylo Stetsenko
Kyrylo Hryhorovych Stetsenko (Ukrainian: Кирило Григорович Стеценко; May 12, 1882 – April 29, 1922) was a prolific Ukrainian composer, conductor, critic, and teacher. Late in his life he became a Ukrainian Orthodox priest and head of the Music section at the Ministry of Education of the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic.

Haidamaky (poem)
Haidamaky (Ukrainian: «Гайдамаки», lit. 'haydamaks'), also transliterated Hajdamaky, Haydamaki, or as Haydamaks is an epic poem by Taras Shevchenko about the Koliivshchyna uprising led by Maksym Zalizniak and Ivan Gonta.
Chen Shixiang
Chen Shixiang or Sicien H. Chen (Chinese: 陈世骧; 5 November 1905 – 25 January 1988) was a Chinese entomologist. A native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, he graduated from Fudan University in Shanghai in 1928 before going to France for his doctoral work at the University of Paris. He returned to China in 1935. From 1954 to 1982 he was the director of the Entomological Society of China (中国昆虫学会). He also founded the journal Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, of which he was editor-in-chief from 1954 to 1969.

Fudan University
Fudan University (FDU) is a public university in Yangpu, Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and is co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was originally founded by the Chinese Jesuit priest Ma Xiangbo in 1905. It is a member of the C9 League.
Imperial and Royal Field Marshal (1956 film)
Imperial and Royal Field Marshal (German: K. und k. Feldmarschall) is a 1956 Austrian historical comedy film directed by E. W. Emo and starring Rudolf Vogel, Gretl Schörg, and Mady Rahl.

It was shot at the Schönbrunn Studios in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Wolf Witzemann. It was shot in Agfacolor.

Schönbrunn Studios
The Schönbrunn Studios were film studios located in the Austrian capital Vienna in the grounds of the Schönbrunn Palace. It took over the site of the old palm house, which had been replaced by the newer Palmenhaus Schönbrunn in the 1880s.

Established in 1920 during the silent era, it was one of the country's three main studios, along with the Sievering and Rosenhügel Studios. In 1946, during the Allied occupation of Austria after the Second World War, Britain and America handed Schönbrunn back to the control of the Austrian government while the Soviets continued to use Rosenhügel for their own productions until 1955.
Drew Arellano
Andrew James Estrella Arellano (Tagalog pronunciation: [ʔɐrɛlˈjanɔ]; born January 16, 1980) is a Filipino actor and host. He is one of the traveling hosts of the daily morning show, Unang Hirit and the host of informative/educational show AHA! and Biyahe ni Drew on GMA Network. He is also the host of the now defunct show Balikbayan, Weekend Gateway on GTV (formerly known as QTV/Q, and GMA News TV).

Unang Hirit
Unang Hirit (transl. first strike) is a Philippine television news broadcasting and talk show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally hosted by Ryan Agoncillo, Lyn Ching-Pascual, Arnold Clavio, Suzi Entrata, Mickey Ferriols, and Miriam Quiambao, it premiered on December 6, 1999 on the network's morning line up. Clavio, Entrata, Ching-Pascual, Susan Enriquez, Ivan Mayrina, Mariz Umali, and Matteo Guidicelli currently serve as the hosts. It is the longest running morning show in the Philippines.
Camusat
Camusat is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Denis-François Camusat (1697–1732), French historian, grand nephew of Nicholas Camusat

Nicholas Camusat (1575–1655), French historian

Léonie Rouzade  born Louise-Léonie Camusat

Denis-François Camusat
Denis-François Camusat (1697 – 1732) was a French historian, grand nephew of Nicholas Camusat.

Camusat produced works such as Hist. Critiques des Journaux qui s'impriment en France and Bibliotheque des Livres nouveaux.
Golf station
Golf is a commuter railroad station on Metra's Milwaukee District North Line in Golf, Illinois. The station is located at 1 Overlook Drive, 15.4 miles (24.8 km) away from Chicago Union Station, the southern terminus of the line. It serves commuters between Union Station and Fox Lake, Illinois, and in Metra's zone-based fare system, Golf is in zone 3. As of 2018, Golf is the 133rd busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 355 weekday boardings. The station also houses the Golf Police Department.

As of February 15, 2024, Golf is served by 40 trains (19 inbound, 21 outbound) on weekdays, by all 20 trains (10 in each direction) on Saturdays, and by all 18 trains (nine in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.

Golf station was originally built in 1903 by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad. Parking is available south of Overlook Drive and Briar Road, near Deideich Park.

Milwaukee District North Line
The Milwaukee District North Line (MD-N) is a Metra commuter rail line in Chicago, Illinois and its northern suburbs, running from  Union Station to Fox Lake. Although Metra does not refer to any of its lines by color, the timetable accents for the Milwaukee District North line are pale "Hiawatha Orange" in honor of the Milwaukee Road's Hiawatha passenger trains.

The line utilizes the Canadian Pacific Kansas City Railway's C&M Subdivision from Union Station to Rondout and Metra's Fox Lake Subdivision from Rondout to Fox Lake.
Homme au bain (painting)
Homme au bain  (English title: Man at His Bath) is an 1884 oil painting by French Impressionist Gustave Caillebotte.

The canvas measures 145 by 114 centimetres (57 in × 45 in). It was held by the artist's descendants from the artist's death in 1894 until 1967 and in private collections until June 2011, when it was acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Alfred Sisley
Alfred Sisley (/ˈsɪsli/; French: [sislɛ]; 30 October 1839 – 29 January 1899) was an Impressionist landscape painter who was born and spent most of his life in France, but retained British citizenship. He was the most consistent of the Impressionists in his dedication to painting landscape en plein air (i.e., outdoors). He deviated into figure painting only rarely and, unlike Renoir and Pissarro, he found that Impressionism fulfilled his artistic needs.

Among his important works are a series of paintings of the River Thames, mostly around Hampton Court, executed in 1874, and landscapes depicting places in or near Moret-sur-Loing. The notable paintings of the Seine and its bridges in the former suburbs of Paris are like many of his landscapes, characterised by tranquillity, in pale shades of green, pink, purple, dusty blue and cream. Over the years Sisley's power of expression and colour intensity increased.
Historical recurrence
Historical recurrence is the concept that, in the study of history, similar events are sometimes found to re-occur. The concept has been applied to various levels of human history, from the rise and fall of empires, to patterns in the history of a given polity, to any two specific events which bear a striking similarity.

In his book The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought, G. W. Trompf traces historically recurring patterns of political thought and behavior in the West since antiquity.

Ruth Ben-Ghiat
Ruth Ben-Ghiat (born April 17, 1960) is an American history professor and political commentator. She is a scholar on fascism and authoritarian leaders. Ben-Ghiat is a professor of history and Italian studies at New York University.
Thomas J. Clarke (Alabama politician)
Thomas J. Clarke was a farmer, state legislator and constable in Alabama.

Clarke was born in South Carolina 1842/3. In August 1872, he was nominated to run for the house as a Radical Republican. He represented Barbour County, Alabama in the Alabama House of Representatives from 1872 to 1874. In 1885 and 1886, he served as a constable in Lincoln, Alabama (Talladega County).

His election victory was contested, but a House committee determined he and others were legitimately elected. He and other Alabama state legislators protested the election of George Goldthwaite as U.S. senator. In 1874, he was serving as Barbour County tax assessor.

Barbour County, Alabama
Barbour County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,223. Its county seat is Clayton. Its largest city is Eufaula. Its name is in honor of James Barbour, who served as Governor of Virginia.