hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bailey (surname)
Bailey is an English or Scottish surname. It is first recorded in Northumberland, where it was said to have been changed from Balliol due to the unpopularity  of Scottish king John Balliol (d. 1314). There appears to be no historical evidence for this, and Bain concludes that the earliest form was Baillie or Bailli (recorded in the early 14th century).
The origin of the name is most likely from Anglo-Norman bailli, the equivalent of bailiff; bailie remains a regional Scottish variant of the term bailiff.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Norman name may have been locational, derived from Bailleul-En-Vimeu in Normandy.

Razzy Bailey
Rasie Michael Bailey (February 14, 1939 – August 4, 2021), better known as Razzy Bailey, was an American country music singer, songwriter and musician. In the early 1980s, he scored 5 No. 1s on the Billboard country music charts.
30th Weather Squadron
The 30th Weather Squadron was created on 29 August 1945, at Harmon Field.  During the 1940s and 1950s it was moved across several bases in Korea and Japan, inactivated and reactivated before inactivation on 8 August 1959.  As the Vietnam War began, the squadron was reactivated in 1962 at Tan Son Nhut AB where it remained until inactivation on 1 July 1971.  Reactivated again in 1976 at Yongsan AIN, Korea it remained until 1 June 1992.  One month later the squadron was reactivated a fifth time at the Vandenberg Air Force Base where it remains active today assigned to the 30th Operations Group, Air Force Space Command.

The squadron provides weather support for air operations on the base as well as space launches from 6 active launch complexes.

Harmon Air Force Base
Harmon Air Force Base is a former World War II United States Army Air Forces airfield, and postwar United States Air Force Base on Guam in the Mariana Islands. Originally named "Depot Field", it was renamed in honor of Lieutenant General Millard F. Harmon. Harmon Air Force Base was closed in 1949 due to budget constraints and was merged with the neighboring Naval Air Station Agana.
Barbara W. Leyden
Barbara W. Leyden (18 December 1949 – 4 February 2006) was an American palynologist and paleoecologist.

Leyden earned her Ph.D. from Indiana University Bloomington in 1982. She conducted her research and taught at University of South Florida and frequently wrote about climate change in the late Pleistocene era in the Western Hemisphere.

Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the 180th meridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. In the United States, the term "Western Hemisphere" is often used as a metonym for the Americas, even though geographically, the hemisphere also includes parts of other continents.
Battle of Bhaktapur
The Battle of Bhaktapur was the final campaign in the Gorkha conquest of Nepal. It took place in Bhaktapur in 1769 and resulted in the victory of the Gorkhali king Prithvi Narayan Shah, giving him control of the entire Kathmandu Valley and adjoining areas.

Shah thus established the Shah dynasty in Nepal, and the rule of Newar Mallas came to an end. The defeated king of Bhaktapur, Ranajit Malla, was sent into exile in India.

Gorkha kingdom
The Gorkha Kingdom, also known as the Gorkha Confederation or the Gorkha Empire, was one of the Chaubisi states, situated at the junction of the Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent. In 1743, the kingdom began a campaign of military expansion, annexing several neighbors and laying the foundations of present-day Nepal.

Following the disintegration of the Magarat confederation—formerly ruled by the Magar—the region fragmented into the Baise Rajya (22 principalities) in the far west and the Chaubisi Rajya (24 principalities) in central Nepal.

The Gorkha Kingdom extended to the Marshyangdi River in the west, forming its border with the Kingdom of Lamjung. To the east, the kingdom extended to the Trishuli River, forming its border with the Nepal Mandala. The Gorkha kingdom was established in 1559 CE by Prince Dravya Shah, the second son of King Yasho Brahma Shah of Lamjung. Dravya Shah replaced the Magar King Mansingh Khadka Magar  who previously ruled the region.
Zografou
Zografou (Greek: Ζωγράφου, romanized: Zōgráfou) is a suburban town of approximately 70,000 inhabitants in the eastern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece.  It was named after the Greek politician Ioannis Zografos. To the east of Zografou lies mount Hymettus. The area, being close to the centre of Athens, developed similar urban sprawl characteristics, with high-rise buildings of even 10 stories tall being the norm. The municipality is also home to the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the National Technical University of Athens campuses and a significant percentage of the local population are students, faculty, and employees of both institutions. Zografou includes the smaller areas of Ilissia and Goudi.

College town
A college town or university town is a town or city whose character is dominated by a college or university and their associated culture, often characterised by the student population making up 20 percent of the population of the community, but not including communities that are parts of larger urban areas (often termed student quarters). The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the presence of the educational institution(s) pervades economic and social life. Many local residents may be employed by the university—which may be the largest employer in the community—many businesses cater primarily to the university, and the student population may outnumber the local population.
Ghazi (warrior)
A ghazi (or gazi /ˈɡæzi/; Arabic: غازي ghāzī [ɣaːˈziː], pl. ghuzāt) is an individual who participated in a ghazwa (غَزْو [ɣazw]) – a military expedition or raid against those whom they considered "Kafirs". Early Islamic literature characterised as ghazwa the expeditions led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad; later, Turkic military commanders used the word to refer to their wars of conquest.

In the context of the wars between Russia and the Muslim peoples of the Caucasus, starting as early as Sheikh Mansur's  resistance to Russian expansion from 1785 to 1791, the word ghazwa usually appears in the form gazavat (Russian: газават).

In English-language literature, the word ghazw often appears as "razzia", a borrowing through French from Maghrebi Arabic.

In modern Turkic languages, such as Turkish and Azerbaijani, the word gazi refers to veterans, and also (as a title) to Turkic Muslim champions such as Ertuğrul (Ertuğrul Ghazi) and Sultan Osman I (Osman Ghazi).

Maghrebi Arabic
Maghrebi Arabic, often known as ad-Dārija to differentiate it from Literary Arabic, is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb. It includes the Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Libyan, Hassaniya and Saharan Arabic dialects.

Maghrebi Arabic has a predominantly Semitic and Arabic vocabulary, although it contains a significant number of Berber loanwords, which represent 2–3% of the vocabulary of Libyan Arabic, 8–9% of Algerian and Tunisian Arabic, and 10–15% of Moroccan Arabic. Maghrebi Arabic was formerly spoken in Al-Andalus and Sicily until the 17th and 13th centuries, respectively, in the extinct forms of Andalusi Arabic and Siculo-Arabic. The Maltese language is believed to have its source in a language spoken in Muslim Sicily that ultimately originates from Tunisia, as it contains some typical Maghrebi Arabic areal characteristics.
Hai San Secret Society
The Hai San Society (Chinese: 海山公司; pinyin: Hǎi Shān Gōng Sī; Jyutping: Hoi2 Saan1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hái-san; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hói-sân), which had its origins in Southern China, was a Penang-based Chinese secret society established around 1820 and in 1825 led by Low, Ah Chong and Hoh Akow (also spelt Ho Ah Kow or Hok Ah Keow), its titular head. At that time the society's headquarters was located at Beach Street (Ujong Passir).

Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
Pha̍k-fa-sṳ (白話字) is an orthography similar to Pe̍h-ōe-jī and used to write Hakka, a variety of Chinese. Hakka is a whole branch of Chinese, and Hakka dialects are not necessarily mutually intelligible with each other, considering the large geographical region. This article discusses a specific variety of Hakka. The orthography was invented by the Presbyterian church in the 19th century. The Hakka New Testament published in 1924 is written in this system.
Fatma of the Forest
Fatma of the Forest (Turkish: Tahtacı Fatma) is a 28-minute color Turkish documentary film about  Tahtacı people directed by Süha Arın. It was first shown in 1979, the International Year of the Child.

The film shows the life of a 12-year-old Tahtacı girl and her family in the forests of the high Taurus Mountains.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Bhikhusinh Parmar
Bhikhusinh Parmar (born 1954) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Modasa Assembly constituency in Aravalli district. He won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Aravalli district
Aravalli district is a district in the state of Gujarat in India that came into being on August 15, 2013, becoming the 29th district of the state. The district has been carved out of the Sabarkantha district. The district headquarters are at Modasa.
Longley House
Longley House is a historic building in Easingwold, a town in North Yorkshire in England.

The building was constructed in the mid 18th century as the Rose and Crown coaching inn.  It had about 50 horses stabled behind the inn, mostly for use for the post business.  The inn closed in the 19th century, and the building became a girls' boarding school.  It was later converted into housing.  The building was grade II listed in 1960.

The building is constructed of pale brown brick with stucco dressings, quoins, sill bands, and a stone slate roof with stone coping and kneelers. In the centre is a doorway with pilasters, a patterned radial fanlight, and an open dentilled pediment, and the windows are sashes with architraves.  Above the doorway they have round-arched heads, the two lower floors in the outer bays contain Venetian windows, in the top floor above they are tripartite, and the other windows have flat heads; all the windows have stucco lintels with keystones.

Fanlight
A fanlight is a form of lunette window (transom window), often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light. In federation housing it is also called a toplight or top light.
Karnak (character)
Karnak (/ˈkɑːrnæk/) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and debuted in Fantastic Four (vol. 1) #45 (1965) along with other members of the Inhuman Royal Family.

The character Karnak Mander-Azur was never exposed to the Terrigen Mists, so he never developed additional powers like other Inhumans, but he is a martial artist who can find the weakness in anything and then use his training and strength to exploit it. Although the Jack Kirby Collector described him as "a philosophical karate expert with nominal personality" in 2004, subsequent writers have made use of his skill for puzzle-solving and strategic-planning in Inhumans' stories, leading to him being given his first solo series in 2015, titled Karnak: The Flaw in All Things and written by Warren Ellis.

Karnak made his live-action debut in the 2017 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series Inhumans, portrayed by Ken Leung.

Secret Invasion
"Secret Invasion" is a comic book crossover storyline written by Brian Michael Bendis and illustrated by Leinil Francis Yu, that ran through a self-titled eight-issue limited series and several tie-in books published by Marvel Comics from April through December 2008. The story involves a subversive, long-term invasion of Earth by the Skrulls, a group of alien shapeshifters who have secretly replaced many superheroes in the Marvel Universe with impostors over a period of years, prior to the overt invasion. Marvel's promotional tagline for the event was "Who do you trust?".

A six-episode television miniseries of the same name, loosely based on the storyline and produced by Marvel Studios as part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) debuted in June 2023 on Disney+.
Payung dance
Payung dance (Minangkabau: tari Payuang; Jawi: تاري ڤايوڠ) is a folk dance-drama tradition of the Minangkabau-Malay ethnic group in Sumatra, Indonesia. This dance is a Minangkabau version of other Malay dances from Sumatra. Folk theatre such as toneel and sandiwara often incorporates payung dance as part of the show. The payung (umbrella) is the main prop used in this dance, and the dance itself, which is usually performed by three or four dancers, symbolizes affection and the relationship of young people. The dance originates from Western Sumatra, Indonesia.

Payung dance is performed as a part of toneel, sandiwara, exhibition, opening of party, or wedding occasion of Minangkabau people.

Affection
Affection or fondness is a "disposition or state of mind or body" commonly linked to a feeling or type of love. It has led to multiple branches in philosophy and psychology that discuss emotion, disease, influence, and state of being. Often, "affection" denotes more than mere goodwill or friendship. Writers on ethics generally use the word to refer to distinct states of feeling, both lasting and temporary. Some contrast it with passion as being free from the distinctively sensual element.

Affection can elicit diverse emotional reactions such as embarrassment, disgust, pleasure, and annoyance. The emotional and physical effect of affection also varies between the giver and the receiver.
Fall line
A fall line (or fall zone) is the area where an upland region and a coastal plain meet and is especially noticeable at the place rivers cross it, with resulting rapids or waterfalls. The uplands are relatively hard crystalline basement rock, and the coastal plain is softer sedimentary rock. A fall line often will recede upstream as a river cuts out the uphill dense material, forming "c"-shaped waterfalls and exposing bedrock shoals. Due to these features, riverboats typically cannot travel any further inland without portaging, unless locks are built. The rapid change of elevation of the water and resulting energy release make the fall line a good location for water mills, grist mills, and sawmills. Seeking a head of navigation with a ready supply of water power, people have long made settlements where rivers cross a fall line.

Rapids
Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Flow, gradient, constriction, and obstacles are four factors that are needed for a rapid to be created.
Manuel Fernandes (footballer, born 1986)
Manuel Henrique Tavares Fernandes (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐnuˈɛl fɨɾˈnɐ̃dɨʃ]; born 5 February 1986) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He started his career with Benfica at only 18, then went on to compete in England and Spain, mainly at the service of Everton and Valencia. He signed with Beşiktaş in January 2011, spending the following three and a half seasons with the club before joining Lokomotiv Moscow.

Fernandes represented the Portugal under-21 team in two European Championships. He made his debut with the senior side in 2005, being part of the 2018 World Cup squad at the age of 32.

Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsupɛɾ ˈtasɐ ˈkɐ̃diðu ðɨ ɔliˈvɐjɾɐ]; English: Cândido de Oliveira Super Cup, or simply Portuguese Super Cup) is an annual Portuguese football match played since 1979 between the winners of the top-tier league (Primeira Liga) and cup (Taça de Portugal) competitions.a The match and trophy are named after former Portuguese player, coach and sports journalist Cândido de Oliveira. Recognised and organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since 1981, the Supertaça is usually played in August, before the start of the league season.
Rubus obvius
Rubus obvius is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is endemic to the State of Maryland in the eastern United States.

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with a limited range  such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Individual pension plan
An individual pension plan or IPP is a Canadian retirement savings vehicle. An IPP is a one-person maximum defined benefit pension plan which allows the plan member to accrue retirement income on a tax-deferred basis. As such, an IPP must conform to the Canadian Income Tax Act (ITA) and regulations (ITR) as well as the requirements of the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) with respect to defined benefit pension plans. It is possible for an IPP to be a combination plan offering both defined benefits and defined contribution pensions.

Tax deferral
Tax deferral refers to instances where a taxpayer can delay paying taxes to some future period. In theory, the net taxes paid should be the same. Taxes can sometimes be deferred indefinitely, or may be taxed at a lower rate in the future, particularly for deferral of income taxes.
Ghusel
Ghusel (Nepali: घुसेल) is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Bagmati Rural Municipality in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. It is located southern part of Kathmandu Valley at similar or less heights. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 1510 in 308 individual households, down from the time of the 1991 Nepal census when it had a population of 1715 in 294 individual households.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
XPRESS
XPRESS was a weekly tabloid newspaper. It was launched in the UAE on 15 March 2007. The magazine was published in Dubai by the Al Nisr Group as a sister paper to Gulf News. It was shut down in 2018 due to declining revenue.

Tabloid journalism
Tabloid journalism is a popular style of largely sensationalist journalism, which takes its name from the tabloid newspaper format: a small-sized newspaper also known as a half broadsheet. The size became associated with sensationalism, and tabloid journalism replaced the earlier label of yellow journalism and scandal sheets.: 73  Not all newspapers associated with tabloid journalism are tabloid size, and not all tabloid-size newspapers engage in tabloid journalism; since around the year 2000, many broadsheet newspapers converted to the more compact tabloid format.

In some cases, celebrities have successfully sued tabloids for libel, demonstrating that the tabloid's stories have defamed them. Publications engaging in tabloid journalism are also known as rag newspapers or simply rags. In the 21st century, tabloid journalism has shifted to online platforms targeting youth consumers with celebrity news and entertainment.
Darlingtonia, California
41°50′10″N 123°56′35″W﻿ / ﻿41.83611°N 123.94306°W﻿ / 41.83611; -123.94306

Darlingtonia is an unincorporated community in Del Norte County, California. It is located on the south bank of the Middle Fork of the Smith River 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east-southeast of Gasquet, at an elevation of 463 feet (141 m). It is named after the Darlingtonia californica, common in the region. Darlingtonia was a vacation site with a motel, which was gone by 1970; the site is now a private residence.

Smith River (California)
The Smith River (Tolowa: xaa-wvn’-taa-ghii~-li~’, nii~-li~’ ) flows from the Klamath Mountains to the Pacific Ocean in Del Norte County in extreme northwestern California, on the West Coast of the United States. The river, about 25.1 miles (40.4 km) long, all within Del Norte County, flows through the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest, Six Rivers National Forest, and Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park.
Moftin
Moftin (Hungarian: Kismajtény, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkiʃmɒjteːɲ]; German: Kleinmaitingen) is a commune of 4,222 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. Its center is Moftinu Mic, and the commune is composed of seven villages: Domănești (Domahida), Ghilvaci (Gilvács), Ghirolt (Érgirolt), Istrău (Esztró), Moftinu Mare (Nagymajtény), 
Moftinu Mic, and Sânmiclăuș (Krasznaszentmiklós).

Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare], Hungarian: Szatmár megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.
Theodul Pass
Theodul Pass, elevation 3,295 metres (10,810 ft), (German: Theodulpass, Italian: Colle del Teodulo, French: Col de Saint-Théodule, Walser German: Theoduljoch) is a high mountain pass across the eastern Pennine Alps, connecting Zermatt in the Swiss canton of Valais and Breuil-Cervinia in the Italian region of Aosta Valley. Theodul Pass is the lowest and the easiest pass between the valleys of Zermatt and Valtournanche.

The pass lies between the Matterhorn on the west and the Breithorn on the east and is overlooked by the Theodulhorn and Testa Grigia. The Rifugio del Teodulo (hut) is located just above the pass. The east side of the pass is covered by large glaciers part of the Theodul Glacier system and is part of a year-round ski area. On the Italian side, the pass can be reached from Breuil-Cervinia by a dead-end trail. On the Swiss side, trails go up from Trockener Steg and Gandegg Hut.

Gandegg Hut
The Gandegg Hut (German: Gandegghütte) is an alpine hut, located above Zermatt in the canton of Valais. It is located at a height of 3,029 metres (9,938 ft) above sea level, near Trockener Steg, approximately halfway between the Matterhorn and the Breithorn.

The hut was built in 1885.