hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FLAG (chemotherapy)
FLAG is a chemotherapy regimen used for relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The acronym incorporates the three primary ingredients of the regimen:

Fludarabine: an antimetabolite that, while not active toward AML, increases formation of an active cytarabine metabolite, ara-CTP, in AML cells;

Arabinofuranosyl cytidine (or ara-C): an antimetabolite that has been proven to be the most active toward AML among various cytotoxic drugs in single-drug trials; and

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): a glycoprotein that shortens the duration and severity of neutropenia.

FLAG and FLAG-based regimens can also be used in cases of concomitant AML and either acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoma. Because fludarabine is highly active in lymphoid malignancies, these regimens can further be used when patients have biphenotypic AML, in which cells display properties of both myeloid and lymphoid cells.

Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an important subtype (which functions in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity). They are the main type of cell found in lymph, which prompted the name "lymphocyte" (with cyte meaning cell). Lymphocytes make up between 18% and 42% of circulating white blood cells.
2011 The Hague Open
The 2011 Siemens Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It was the 19th edition of the tournament. It took place in Scheveningen, Netherlands between July 4 and July 10, 2011.

Scheveningen
Scheveningen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxeːvənɪŋə(n)] ⓘ) is one of the eight districts of The Hague, Netherlands, as well as a subdistrict (wijk) of that city. Scheveningen is a modern seaside resort with a long, sandy beach, an esplanade, a pier, and a lighthouse. The beach is popular for water sports such as windsurfing and kiteboarding. The harbour is used for both fishing and tourism.
Onna, Okinawa
Onna (Japanese: 恩納村, Hepburn: Onna-son; Kunigami and Okinawan: Unna) is a village located in Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 1, 2020, the village had an estimated population of 10,869 and a population density of 210 people per km². The total area is 50.77 square kilometres (19.60 mi2). Unlike other areas of Japan, Onna has had a sustained period of population growth in the post-war period. In 1965 the population of the village was 8,471, and by 2003 it had grown to over 10,000 residents.

Onna is the site of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, a research institute turned graduate university.

Kunigami language
Kunigami or Northern Okinawan (山原言葉, ヤンバルクトゥーバ, Yanbaru Kutūba) is a Ryukyuan language of Northern Okinawa Island in Kunigami District and city of Nago, otherwise known as the Yanbaru region, historically the territory of the kingdom of Hokuzan.

The Nakijin dialect is often considered representative of Kunigami, analogous to the Shuri-Naha dialect of Central Okinawan. The number of fluent native speakers of Kunigami is not known. As a result of Japanese language policy, the younger generation mostly speaks Japanese as their first language.
Jennie Williams
Jennie Williams (born 1981) is a Canadian Inuk photographer, filmmaker and throat singer from Newfoundland and Labrador. She is most noted for her short documentary film Nalujuk Night, which won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Short Documentary at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.

Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador
Nain (Inuit language: Nunainguk ᓄᓀᖕᒍᒃ or Nain ᓀᓐ) is the northernmost permanent settlement in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, within the Nunatsiavut region, located about 370 km (230 mi) by air from Happy Valley-Goose Bay. The town was established as a Moravian mission in 1771 by Jens Haven and other missionaries. As of 2021, the population is 1,204 mostly Inuit and mixed Inuit-European. Nain is the administrative capital of the autonomous region of Nunatsiavut.

Nain is inaccessible by road and may be reached only by air or sea.
Padmasree Warrior
Padmasree Warrior (born Yellepeddi Padmasree) is an Indian-American businesswoman and technology executive. She is known for her leadership roles in technology firms like Cisco where she was the CTO for seven years, and at Motorola where she was the CTO for five years. She also was the CEO of Nio USA, an electric car maker. Currently, she is the founder and CEO of Fable, a curated reading platform focused on mental wellness. She is on the board of directors of Microsoft and Spotify.

In 2014, she was listed as one of the 100 most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. In 2018 she was also featured among "America's Top 50 Women In Tech" by Forbes.

Nio Inc.
Nio Inc. (Chinese: 蔚来; pinyin: Wèilái; stylized as NIO) is a Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Shanghai. Founded in 2014, it adopted its current name in 2016. The company designs and sells electric vehicles, including sedans and SUVs, and has expanded into smartphone development.

In 2018, Nio filed for an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. It collaborates with the government-licensed vehicle manufacturer JAC Group to operate two production plants in Hefei, Anhui, China.

Nio operates more than 1,300 battery swapping stations in China (as of 2022). The company develops semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicle technologies and has participated in Formula E racing since 2014. In 2024, it launched the Onvo brand to serve the mass-market segment.
Zach Brown
Zachary Vinzale Brown (born October 23, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels and was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the second round of the 2012 NFL draft. He also played for the Buffalo Bills, where he made the Pro Bowl, Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles, and Arizona Cardinals.

Pro Football Focus
Pro Football Focus (also written as ProFootballFocus, and often referred to by its initials, PFF) is a sports analytics company that focuses on thorough analysis of the National Football League (NFL) and NCAA Division-I football in the United States. PFF produces 0–100 Player Grades and a range of advanced statistics for teams and players by watching, charting, and grading every player on every play in every game both at the NFL and FBS level.

The company publishes their data as a collection of various mostly web-based products. Some basic information is made freely available, while other more advanced products are on a fee or subscription basis.
Klopfer
Klopfer is a German occupational surname, derived from the Middle High German klopfen, meaning "to pound, bang, or hammer", and thus indicating a person in the clothing trade, mining or metal working. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruno Klopfer (1900–1971), German psychologist

Donald S. Klopfer (1902–1986), American businessman

Eric Klopfer (born 1970), American educator

Eugen Klöpfer (1886–1950), German actor

George Klopfer (1940–2019), American physician

Gerhard Klopfer (1905–1987), German Nazi official

Goetz Klopfer (born 1942), American race walker

Heini Klopfer (1918–1968), German architect

Klopfer (writer) (born 1980), pseudonym of German writer Christian Schmidt

Peter Klopfer (born 1930), German-born American zoologist, civil rights advocate and educator

Regina Klopfer (1903–1991), Hungarian singer

Sonya Klopfer (1934–2025), American figure skater

Wilhelm Klopfer (born 1901), Swiss rower

Donald S. Klopfer
Donald Simon Klopfer (January 23, 1902 – May 30, 1986) was an American publisher, one of the founders of American publishing firm Random House, along with Bennett Cerf. Klopfer was the quiet inside businessman to Cerf's quite-visible and gregarious "Mr. Outside" personality.
2018–19 Scottish Junior Cup
The 2018–19 Scottish Junior Cup was the 133rd season of the Scottish Junior Cup, the national knockout tournament for member clubs of the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA). The competition was sponsored by Macron in the first year of a three-year deal and is known as the Macron Scottish Junior Cup.

A total of 129 clubs entered the competition, which was 28 fewer than the previous season. This was due to 25 teams leaving the Junior ranks for the East of Scotland League along with Cruden Bay, Inverness City, and Lewis United not entering the tournament.

Auchinleck Talbot were the defending champions. They successfully defended their title with a 2–0 win over Largs Thistle in the final.

Cruden Bay F.C.
Cruden Bay Junior Football Club are a Scottish football club from the village of Cruden Bay, Aberdeenshire. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the North of Scotland Football League. Founded in 1934 as an Amateur side, they stepped up to the Junior grade in 1995. The club are based at Watson Park, formerly known as Bayfield Park, and the club's colour is purple.
USCGC Margaret Norvell
USCGC Margaret Norvell (WPC-1105) is the fifth Sentinel-class cutter, based at Miami, Florida.
She was launched on January 13, 2012, and delivered to the Coast Guard on March 21, 2013.
She was commissioned on June 1, 2013.
She was commissioned at Mardi Gras World in New Orleans, near where her namesake, Margaret Norvell, staffed a lighthouse for decades.

The Key News reported that Margaret Norvell was in Key West on April 2, 2013, finishing her outfitting.

Medium endurance cutter
The Medium Endurance Cutter or WMEC is a type of United States Coast Guard Cutter mainly consisting of the 270-foot (82 m) Famous- and 210-foot (64 m) Reliance-class cutters. These larger cutters are under control of Area Commands (Atlantic Area or Pacific Area). These cutters have adequate accommodations for crew to live on board and can do 6 to 8 week patrols.

Other ships in the WMEC classification are the 282-foot (86 m) USCGC Alex Haley, and the now-decommissioned 213-foot (65 m) USCGC Acushnet, and 230-foot (70 m) USCGC Storis, and 205-foot (62 m) USCGC Tamaroa which began as the United States Navy Cherokee-class fleet tug USS Zuni launched in 1943.

There are 13 vessels in the Famous class, and 12 vessels still in active US service in the Reliance class. The Coast Guard plans to eventually phase out the vessels in both of these cutter classes and replace them with the Offshore Patrol Cutter as part of the Integrated Deepwater System Program.
Action tendency
Action tendency is a psychological term in behavioural science, which refers to an individual's urge to carry out a particular behaviour, particularly as a component of emotion. It represents a person’s initial compulsion for goal-directed behaviour in response to environmental stimuli, directly addressing the emotions experienced.

Importantly, action tendencies do not guarantee that a behaviour will occur. Instead, they serve as effective predictors of how emotions guide actions, showcasing patterns of readiness to engage or avoid situations  depending on the emotional context. In behavioural science, an individual's emotions direct their response to current circumstances or relationships; thus, the action tendency, as a constituent factor of the individual's overall emotional responsivity, is a temporary and immediate impulse.

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Kornele
Kornele [kɔrˈnɛlɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the region of Powiśle.

The Radomski Polish noble family lived in the village.

Powiśle (region)
Powiśle or Dolne Powiśle is a cultural and geographic region in northern Poland, administratively located in the Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships.

It is named after the Vistula River (Polish: Wisła), referring to the region's location on the right bank of the river, near its delta.

The largest cities and towns of Powiśle are Elbląg, Kwidzyn, Malbork and Iława.

2007 was designated the "Year of Powiśle" (Rok Powiśla), with various festivities held in the region, including musical, athletic, theatrical and historical re-enactments.

Powiśle is bordered by Warmia and Masuria in the east, by the Chełmno Land in the south, and by Pomerania in the west.
Joan Lader
Joan Lader is an American vocal coach and voice therapist. She is known for her work with elite performers and recording artists as well as for the rehabilitation of injured voices. Her teaching methods combine elements of voice science, acoustics, and bodywork. She is a recipient of the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in recognition of her contributions to the Broadway theatre community.

Somatics
Somatics describes a field within bodywork and movement studies which emphasizes internal physical perception and personal embodied experience. The term, coined in 1967 by Thomas Hanna, a philosophy professor and movement theorist, is used in movement therapy to signify approaches based on the soma, or "the body as perceived from within", including Skinner Releasing Technique, Alexander technique, the Feldenkrais method, Eutony, Rolfing Structural Integration, among others. In dance, the term refers to techniques based on the dancer's internal sensation, in contrast with "performative techniques", such as ballet or modern dance, which emphasize the external observation of movement by an audience. Somatic techniques may be used in bodywork, psychotherapy, dance, or spiritual practices.
Kendall tau distance
The Kendall tau distance or Kendall tau rank distance is a metric (distance function) that counts the number of pairwise disagreements between two ranking lists. The larger the distance, the more dissimilar the two lists are. Kendall tau distance is also called bubble-sort distance since it is equivalent to the number of swaps that the bubble sort algorithm would take to place one list in the same order as the other list. The Kendall tau distance was created by Maurice Kendall.

Bubble sort
Bubble sort, sometimes referred to as sinking sort, is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the input list element by element, comparing the current element with the one after it, swapping their values if needed. These passes through the list are repeated until no swaps have to be performed during a pass, meaning that the list has become fully sorted. The algorithm, which is a comparison sort, is named for the way the larger elements "bubble" up to the top of the list.

It performs poorly in real-world use and is used primarily as an educational tool. More efficient algorithms such as quicksort, timsort, or merge sort are used by the sorting libraries built into popular programming languages such as Python and Java.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Wisconsin, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including an election for Governor of Wisconsin.

National Organization for Women
The National Organization for Women (NOW) is an American progressive-left  feminist organization. Founded in 1966, it is legally a 501(c)(4) social welfare organization. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and in Washington, D.C. It is the largest feminist organization in the United States with around 500,000 members. NOW is regarded as one of the main liberal feminist organizations in the US, and primarily lobbies for gender equality within the existing political system. NOW campaigns for constitutional equality, economic justice, reproductive rights, LGBTQIA+ rights and racial justice, and against violence against women.
3-Galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
In enzymology, a 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.65) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP-beta-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R  GDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D- glucosaminyl-R

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GDP-beta-L-fucose and [[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R]], whereas its 3 products are GDP, [[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-]], and glucosaminyl-R.

This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lactoseries, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - neo-lactoseries, and glycan structures - biosynthesis 2.

Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine.

GDP is the product of GTP dephosphorylation by GTPases, e.g., the G-proteins that are involved in signal transduction.

GDP is converted into GTP with the help of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate.
Liucun, Beijing
Liucun Town (simplified Chinese: 流村镇; traditional Chinese: 流村鎮; pinyin: Liúcūn Zhèn) is a town in Changping District, Beijing, China. Located in the eastern foothill of the Taihang Mountain Range, Liucun shares border with Nankou Town to its northeast, Yangfang and Machikou Town to its east, Sujiatuo and Miaofengshan Towns to its southeast, Yanchi Town to its southwest, and Ruiyunguan Township to its northwest. As of 2020, it had 18,139 residents under its administration.

Taihang Mountains
The Taihang Mountains (Chinese: 太行山; pinyin: Tàiháng Shān) are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces. The range extends over 400 kilometers (250 mi) from north to south and has an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,900 to 6,600 ft); its principal peak is Mount Xiaowutai. The Taihang's eastern peak is Mount Cangyan in Hebei; Baishi Mountain forms its northern tip.
Thorvald Jørgensen
Thorvald Jørgensen (27 June 1867 - 15 May 1946) was a Danish architect, most known for his design of Christiansborg Palace, the seat of the Danish Parliament, after it had been destroyed in a fire. He has also designed a number of churches in Copenhagen. He was Royal Building Inspector from 1911 to 1938.

Ferdinand Meldahl
Ferdinand Meldahl (16 March 1827 – 3 February 1908) was a Danish architect best known for the reconstruction of Frederiksborg Castle after the fire in 1859. Meldahl was one of the leading proponents of historicism in Denmark.
Manitoba Centre for Health Policy
Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) is a public, not-for-profit research unit in the Department of Community Health Sciences within the Rady Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada). MCHP provides and uses population-based administrative data to inform health policy, social policy and health and social service delivery provincially, nationally and internationally.  MCHP also creates population-based research on health and the social determinants of health.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Frick Park Market
"Frick Park Market" is a song by American hip hop recording independent artist Mac Miller. It serves as the lead single from his debut album Blue Slide Park. It was released digitally on August 18, 2011 along with an accompanying music video.

Unsigned artist
An unsigned artist or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label. The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique. Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands. Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts.

In more recent years, the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands. Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites like blogs, digital stores and other streaming platforms online for enhanced promotion.

In 2016, the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label.
Mahagnao Volcano
Mahagnao Volcano also known as part of (Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park) is a dormant stratovolcano located in the Barangay Mahagnao part of the municipality of Burauen province of Leyte, Philippines. It is also bounded by the municipalities of La Paz and MacArthur. The area is mostly composed of wetland forests and also the birth of many rivers and streams flowing on many part of Burauen and on its neighboring towns.

Because of numerous streams, rivers and similar kind bodies of water, Burauen has been known with its nicked name as the Spring Capital of Leyte.
Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park is about 65 kilometers south of Tacloban City and 18 kilometers away from the town center of Burauen.

MacArthur, Leyte
MacArthur (IPA: [mək 'ɑːrθər]), officially the Municipality of MacArthur (Waray: Bungto han MacArthur; Tagalog: Bayan ng MacArthur), is a municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 22,256 people.
Podpeč pod Skalo
Podpeč pod Skalo (pronounced [pɔtˈpeːtʃ pɔt ˈskaːlɔ]) is a small settlement northwest of Gabrovka in the Municipality of Litija in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Litija
The Municipality of Litija (pronounced [liˈtiːja] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Litija) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Litija. The area is part of the traditional Upper and Lower Carniola regions. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region; until 2015 it was part of the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The population of the municipality is just over 15,000.