hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ADO 55
ADO 55 was a case of the Supreme Court of Brazil concerning the taxation of great fortunes. The Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) argued that there had been an unconstitutional omission on the part of Congress in not legislating the taxation of great fortunes and, on 6 November 2025, the court reached a concurring decision.

Supreme Federal Court
The Supreme Federal Court (Portuguese: Supremo Tribunal Federal, [suˈpɾẽmu tɾibuˈnaw fedeˈɾaw], abbreviated STF) is the supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the country's constitutional court. It is the highest court of law in Brazil for constitutional issues and its rulings cannot be appealed. On cases involving exclusively non-constitutional issues, regarding federal laws, the highest court is, by rule, the Superior Court of Justice.
Lionel Charlton
Air Commodore Lionel Evelyn Oswald Charlton, CB, CMG, DSO (7 July 1879 – 18 April 1958) was a British infantry officer who served in the Second Boer War.  During the First World War, Charlton held several command and staff posts in the Royal Flying Corps, finishing the war as a brigadier general. Transferring to the Royal Air Force on its creation, Charlton served in several air officer posts until his retirement from the air force in 1928. Most notably, Charlton resigned his position as the RAF's Chief Staff Officer in Kurdistan as he objected to the bombing of Kurdish villages.

Air officer
An air officer is an air force officer of the rank of air commodore or higher. Such officers may be termed "officers of air rank". While the term originated in the Royal Air Force, air officers are also to be found in many Commonwealth nations who have a similar rank structure to the RAF.

Air officers holding command appointments receive the title Air Officer Commanding (AOC), whereas air officers holding commander-in-chief positions are titled as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C).
George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes
George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes (29 May 1555 – 27 March 1629), known as Sir George Carew between 1586 and 1605 and as The Lord Carew between 1605 and 1626, served under Elizabeth I during the Tudor conquest of Ireland and was appointed President of Munster. He was an authority on heraldry and the author of Carew's Scroll of Arms 1588, Collected from Churches in Devonshire etc., with Additions from Joseph Holland's Collection of Arms 1579.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.
Uncial 0225
Uncial 0225 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 6th century. It contains a small parts of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (5:1-2,8-9,14-16,19-6:1,3-5; 8:16-24), on 3 parchment leaves (25 cm by 18 cm). Written in two columns per page, 21-27 lines per page. It is a palimpsest. Some leaves were added (without erasing text). The upper text is in Pehlevi.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 6th century.

The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953.

The codex currently is housed at the Austrian National Library, in Vienna, with the shelf number Pap. G. 19802.

Austrian National Library
The Austrian National Library (German: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, pronounced [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃə natsi̯oˈnaːlbiblioˌteːk]) is the largest library in Austria, with more than 12 million items in its various collections. The library is located in the Neue Burg Wing of the Hofburg in center of Vienna. Since 2005, some of the collections have been relocated within the Baroque structure of the Palais Mollard-Clary. Founded by the Habsburgs, the library was originally called the Imperial Court Library (German: Kaiserliche Hofbibliothek); the change to the current name occurred in 1920, following the end of the Habsburg Monarchy and the proclamation of the Austrian Republic. The library complex includes four museums, as well as multiple special collections and archives.
Honored Artist of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Honored Artist of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının əməkdar artisti) is a performing arts award and honorary title of Azerbaijan. According to statute, it is bestowed to "artists of cinema, theater, circus, ensemble, a cappella, orchestra and choir conductors, ballet masters, artistic directors of music, choir, dance and other collectives, musicians, as well as television and radio program announcers for their services to the development of Azerbaijani art". It is the second-highest artistic award of Azerbaijan, after People's Artist of Azerbaijan.

Established on 22 May 1998, the award superseded that of the Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR bestowed during the Soviet era. As of 2024, there were 4578 Honored Artists of the Republic of Azerbaijan who received the accompanying salary of 150 manats.

Title of honor
A title of honor or honorary title is a title bestowed upon individuals or organizations as an award in recognition of their merits.

Sometimes the title bears the same or nearly the same name as a title of authority, but the person bestowed does not have to carry out any duties, except for ceremonial ones. The title may sometimes be temporary, only valid for the individual's visit or for a single day, though they can also be permanent titles. In some cases, these titles are bestowed posthumously.

Some historical honorary titles may be bought, like certain titles of nobility. This has long been a matter of fraud, both outright and indirect. Honorary titles also serve as positions of sinecure and honorary retirement.
Kwon Eun-kyung
Kwon Eun-kyung (born 10 July 1985) is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.

She won a bronze medal in bantamweight at the 2009 World Taekwondo Championships. Her achievements at the Asian Championships include a gold medal in 2006, and a bronze medal in 2008. She won a gold medal at the 2006 Asian Games, and a bronze medal at the 2010 Asian Games.

Taekwondo at the 2010 Asian Games
Taekwondo at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou, China from November 17 to 20, 2010. Men's and women's competitions were held in eight weight categories for each gender. All competition took place at the Guangdong Gymnasium. Each country was limited to having 6 men and 6 women.
Radu F. Alexandru
Radu Feldman Alexandru (12 July 1943 – 26 December 2025) was a Romanian politician and screenwriter. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party and the National Liberal Party, he served in the Senate of Romania from 1996 to 2004 and again from 2008 to 2012.

Alexandru was a frequent collaborator of director Dan Pița, writing his films The Man of the Day (1997), starring Ștefan Iordache, and Second Hand (2005), starring Mihai Călin and Alexandra Dinu.

Alexandru died in Bucharest on 26 December 2025, at the age of 82.

Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)
The Democratic Liberal Party (Romanian: Partidul Democrat-Liberal, PDL) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania. The party was formed on 15 December 2007, when the Democratic Party (PD) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party (PLD). On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party (PNL), ceasing to exist. The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu, who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014.
Bonda script
Bonda script, also known as the Suwawa script or Suwawa-Gorontalo script, is a writing system originating from the Suwawa region in the province of Gorontalo, Indonesia.

This script was traditionally used by the Suwawa people to write in the Suwawa language and Gorontalo language.

The Bonda script is no longer in active use and is now only known by some members of the inland Suwawa community (Al-Idrus, 2019).

Suwawa
Suwawa is a district (kecamatan) and capital district of Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo, Indonesia, also known as Tuwawa. The later name Tuwawa coming from a kingdom, said to have formed in the 4th century. However, the Kingdom is known around the 8th century.

The name "Suwawa" or "Tuwawa" comes from the word Tuwawa'a (Language of Suwawa) or Tuwawu (Language of Gorontalo), which means one. Essentially the word Towawa'a means "one body". It's also known as a social union by genealogy, territorial, and cultural communities that integrated by family, region and culture.

0°33′N 123°12′E﻿ / ﻿0.550°N 123.200°E﻿ / 0.550; 123.200
O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase
In enzymology, an O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase (EC 2.5.1.65) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide  L-cysteine + phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are O-phospho-L-serine and hydrogen sulfide, whereas its two products are L-cysteine and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is O-phospho-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase. This enzyme is also called O-phosphoserine(thiol)-lyase.  This enzyme participates in cysteine metabolism and sulfur metabolism.

Phosphoserine
Phosphoserine (abbreviated as SEP or J) is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid. Phosphoserine is a component of many proteins as the result of posttranslational modifications. The phosphorylation of the alcohol functional group in serine to produce phosphoserine is catalyzed by various types of kinases. Through the use of technologies that utilize an expanded genetic code, phosphoserine can also be incorporated into proteins during translation.

It is a normal metabolite found in human biofluids.

Phosphoserine has three potential coordination sites (carboxyl, amine and phosphate group) Determination of the mode of coordination between phosphorylated ligands and metal ions occurring in an organism is a first step to explain the function of the phosphoserine in bioinorganic processes.
Whoknows
"Whoknows" is the second and last single from Musiq Soulchild's third album, Soulstar. It was released as an airplay-only single in January, 2004. Former En Vogue singer Dawn Robinson is credited with contributing background vocals.

It debuted on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart on January 31, 2004, spent 24 weeks on the chart (its last being July 10, 2004) and peaked at No. 23.

"Whoknows" entered the Billboard Hot 100 on April 24, 2004, spending 13 weeks there, peaking at No. 65 and falling off on July 10, 2004.

Musiq Soulchild
Taalib Hassan Johnson (born September 16, 1977), better known by his stage name Musiq Soulchild (or simply Musiq; pronounced "music") is an American singer-songwriter. His music blends R&B, funk, blues, jazz, and gospel influences fused with hip hop.

He signed with Def Soul to release his debut studio album, Aijuswanaseing (2000). It moderately entered the Billboard 200, while his second album, Juslisen (2002), peaked atop the chart and spawned the single "Halfcrazy", his highest entry—at number 16—on the Billboard Hot 100. He released third album, Soulstar (2003), before parting ways with the label in favor of Atlantic Records. The label released his fourth album, Luvanmusiq (2007), which peaked atop the Billboard 200 once more.
Estonian Agricultural Museum
Estonian Agricultural Museum (Estonian: Eesti Põllumajandusmuuseum) is an agricultural museum in Ülenurme, Tartu County, Estonia. The museum exhibits Estonian rural heritage, including culinary traditions, and features Estonia's largest collection of pre-WW2 steam engines and locomotives.

Some activities in museum:

baking rye bread

grain and flax processing

wood and metal working

exhibiting farm animal breeds.

Ülenurme
Ülenurme is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Tartu County, in Kambja Parish, in Estonia. It was the administrative centre of Ülenurme Parish. Ülenurme has a population of 1,574 (as of 1 September 2010).

Tartu Airport, which is sometimes called Ülenurme Airport, is located near Ülenurme in the village of Reola.

Ülenurme has a station on Tartu–Koidula railway.
Zulli
Zulli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jerry Zulli (born 1978), American baseball coach

Michael Zulli (1952–2024), American artist

Zach Zulli (born 1991), American football player

Jerry Zulli
Jerry Zulli (born January 16, 1978) is an American college baseball coach. He had built a reputation as a good recruiter—having helped Missouri and South Alabama assemble strong signing classes in his past.
21st Busan International Film Festival
The 21st Busan International Film Festival was held from October 6 to October 15, 2016 at the Busan Cinema Center and was hosted by Sul Kyung-gu and Han Hyo-joo. A total of 301 films from 69 countries were screened at the festival, including 96 world premieres and 27 international premieres.

A new Vision-Director Award was given to two promising directors of newly produced independent films in the Korean Cinema Today-Vision section, who have shown the most outstanding production skills. The winner will get a cash prize reward of 5,000 USD sponsored by MEGABOX.

Five major South Korean domestic filmmakers' groups, including the Producers' Guild of Korea and the Directors' Guild of Korea, have boycotted this year's festival over a bitter dispute with the municipal government of Busan since the screening in 2014 of a controversial documentary about the Sewol ferry disaster in spite of the opposition from Busan mayor and BIFF organizing committee Chairman Suh Byung-soo.

Lee Doo-yong
Lee Doo-yong (Korean: 이두용; December 24, 1942 – January 19, 2024) was a South Korean film director. After his debut in 1969 with the film The Lost Wedding Veil (1970), Lee made more than 60 films in a wide array of genres. In the 1970s, he introduced Korean-style action films, including The Korean Connection (1974) and Left Foot of Wrath (1974). His film Mulleya Mulleya (1984) created great controversy in the Korean media as well as in the West, due to the graphic portrayal of a woman's subjugated life during the Yi Dynasty. Lee Doo-yong died in Seoul from lung cancer on January 19, 2024, at the age of 81.
2018–19 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team
The 2018–19 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team represented the University of Southern Mississippi during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Lady Eagles, led by fifteenth year head coach Joye Lee-McNelis, played their home games at Reed Green Coliseum and were members of Conference USA. They finished the season 18–14, 9–7 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for seventh place. They lost in the first round of the C-USA women's tournament to North Texas. They received an invitation to the WBI where they defeated Nicholls in the first round before losing to North Alabama in the quarterfinals.

2019 Conference USA women's basketball tournament
The 2019 Conference USA women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for Conference USA that was held at The Ford Center at The Star in Frisco, Texas, from March 13 through March 16, 2019. In the first round and quarterfinals, two games were played simultaneously within the same arena, with the courts separated by a curtain. Rice won the conference tournament championship game over Middle Tennessee, 69–54. Nancy Mulkey was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Samvel Manukyan (politician)
Samvel Manukyan (born 6 November 1976) is a Georgian-Armenian politician who has served as a member of the Parliament of Georgia. He is a member of the ruling Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia party and has represented the predominantly Armenian-populated constituencies of the Samtskhe–Javakheti region in multiple parliamentary terms.

Samtskhe–Javakheti
Samtskhe–Javakheti (Georgian: სამცხე-ჯავახეთი, [s̪ämt̪͡s̪ʰχe̞ d͡ʒäväχet̪ʰi], Armenian: Սամցխե-Ջավախեթի, romanized: Samts’khe-Javakhet’i) is a region (mkhare) in southern Georgia with a population of 147,400 (2023) and an area of 6,413 km2 (2,476 sq mi). The region has Akhaltsikhe as its administrative center. Samtskhe–Javakheti is made up of the historical Georgian provinces Meskheti, Javakheti and Tori.

The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus natural gas pipeline, and the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway pass through the region.

The population of the region is made up of Georgians and Armenians, as well as smaller numbers of Russians.
Nuclear disarmament
Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons. Its end state can also be a nuclear-weapons-free world, in which nuclear weapons are completely eliminated. The term denuclearization is also used to describe the process leading to complete nuclear disarmament.

Disarmament and non-proliferation treaties have been agreed upon because of the extreme danger intrinsic to nuclear war and the possession of nuclear weapons.

Proponents of nuclear disarmament say that it would lessen the probability of nuclear war occurring, especially considering accidents or retaliatory strikes from false alarms. Critics of nuclear disarmament say that it would undermine deterrence and make conventional wars more common.

Sam Nunn
Samuel Augustus Nunn Jr. (born September 8, 1938) is an American politician who served as a United States senator from Georgia (1972–1997) as a member of the Democratic Party.

In the Senate, Nunn was involved in the Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which aims to dismantle weapons of mass destruction, originally in the former Soviet Union. Nunn was also involved in the Goldwater–Nichols Act, which reformed the Department of Defense.

After leaving Congress, Nunn co-founded the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), a nonprofit, nonpartisan global security organization focused on reducing nuclear, biological, and emerging technology threats imperiling humanity, for which he is the co-chair. His political experience and credentials on national defense reportedly earned him consideration as a potential running mate for presidential candidates John Kerry and Barack Obama after they became their party's nominees.
Racette
Racette is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francine Racette (born 1947), Canadian actress

Geneviève Racette (born 1990), Canadian singer-songwriter

Patricia Racette (born 1965), American opera singer

Sherry Farrell Racette (born 1952), Métis-Canadian feminist scholar, author, and artist

Francine Racette
Francine Racette (born September 23, 1947) is a retired Canadian actress. She is best known for her performances in Au revoir les enfants, Lumière and The Disappearance. She was the third wife of actor Donald Sutherland until his death in 2024 and mother of three of his sons: actor Rossif Sutherland, actor Angus Sutherland, and Roeg Sutherland

Racette was born in Joliette, Quebec. She graduated with a diploma from the National Theatre School of Canada in 1966.
Viraraghava copper plate
Viraraghava copper plate (c. 1225 CE) is a medieval Vattezhuthu inscription from central Kerala, southern India, describing the several concessions made by Viraraghava, the ruler of "Makotaiyar Pattinam" (the port of Kodungallur), to Syrian Christian merchant Iravikorttan.

The provisions include multiple commercial rights and aristocratic privileges, such as "the Rights of the Manigramam Merchant Guild", various monopolies, article brokerages and the right to use slave labour. The record is currently in possession of the Syrian Christian community in Kottayam.

Kottayam
Kottayam (IPA: [ko:ʈ:ajam]) is a city in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. It is the district headquarters of the district and is located about 151 km (93.8 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Kottayam has a population of 136,812 people, and a population density of 2,470/km2 (6,400/sq mi). 
Kottayam is also referred to as "the City of Letters"  as many of the first Malayalam daily newspapers, such as Deepika, Malayala Manorama, and Mangalam, were started and are headquartered in Kottayam, as are a number of publishing houses.
WolfSSL
wolfSSL is a small, portable, embedded SSL/TLS library targeted for use by embedded systems developers. It is an open source implementation of TLS (SSL 3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and DTLS 1.0, 1.2, and 1.3) written in the C programming language. It includes SSL/TLS client libraries and an SSL/TLS server implementation as well as support for multiple APIs, including those defined by SSL and TLS. wolfSSL also includes an OpenSSL compatibility interface with the most commonly used OpenSSL functions.

HMAC
In cryptography, an HMAC (sometimes expanded as either keyed-hash message authentication code or hash-based message authentication code) is a specific type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function and a secret cryptographic key. As with any MAC, it may be used to simultaneously verify both the data integrity and authenticity of a message. An HMAC is a type of keyed hash function that can also be used in a key derivation scheme or a key stretching scheme.

HMAC can provide authentication using a shared secret instead of using digital signatures with asymmetric cryptography. It trades off the need for a complex public key infrastructure by delegating the key exchange to the communicating parties, who are responsible for establishing and using a trusted channel to agree on the key prior to communication.
Craig Barratt
Craig H. Barratt (born 12 May 1962) is an Australian technology executive who served as Chief Executive Officer at Barefoot Networks until its acquisition by Intel in July 2019. Following the acquisition, and until his departure in May 2020, he served as senior vice president and general manager of the Connectivity Group under Intel's Data Platforms Group.

Barratt previously served as the CEO of Atheros from 2003, through its IPO in 2004 until its acquisition by Qualcomm in 2011.  He continued as President of Qualcomm Atheros upon the close of the acquisition in May 2011 until early 2013. Barratt then served as Senior Vice President, Access and Energy, at Google from 2012 until 2016.

Qualcomm
Qualcomm Incorporated (/ˈkwɒlkɒm/) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Diego, California, and incorporated in Delaware. It creates semiconductors, software and services related to wireless technology. It owns patents critical to the 5G, 4G, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WCDMA mobile communications standards.

Qualcomm was established in 1985 by Irwin Jacobs and six others. Its early research into code-division multiple access (CDMA) wireless cell phone technology was funded by selling a two-way mobile digital satellite communications system known as Omnitracs. After a heated debate in the wireless industry, CDMA was adopted as a 2G standard in North America, with Qualcomm's patents incorporated. Afterwards, there was a series of legal disputes about pricing for licensing patents required by the standard.

Over the years, Qualcomm has expanded into selling semiconductor products in a predominantly fabless manufacturing model.