hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerhard Puff
Gerhard Arthur Puff (February 13, 1914 – August 12, 1954) was a longtime criminal, gangster, and FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive who was executed by the federal authorities in New York for killing a federal agent.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Braddish Billings
Braddish Billings (September 23, 1783 – April 8, 1864) was an early settler in the Ottawa area, for whom the community of Billings Bridge was named.

He was born in Ware, Massachusetts in 1783, but moved to the Brockville area with his family when he was 9. He later worked cutting down white pine trees along the Ottawa River and transporting the logs down river. He also served on the Bytown Mechanics' Institute executive.

In 1812, Billings moved to the Ottawa area and settled on a farm south of the Rideau River in what was then the Township of Gloucester. In 1830, a bridge was built over the Rideau River near the Billings Farm to make it easier to transport produce into town.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Jodie Harrison
Jodie Elizabeth Harrison (born 1968) is an Australian politician who has represented the Charlestown Electorate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Labor Party since 25 October 2014, when she was elected in a by-election.

2014 Charlestown state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Charlestown in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 25 October 2014. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Liberal-turned-independent MP Andrew Cornwell, who won the seat at the 2011 election with a 43.8 percent primary and 59.9 percent two-party vote.

The last New South Wales by-election saw a 26-point two-party swing to Labor.
2020 Oracle Challenger Series – Indian Wells – Men's doubles
JC Aragone and Marcos Giron were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Gong Maoxin and Hunter Reese.

Denis Kudla and Thai-Son Kwiatkowski won the title after defeating Sebastian Korda and Mitchell Krueger 6–3, 2–6, [10–6] in the final.

Thai-Son Kwiatkowski
Thai-Son Kwiatkowski (born February 13, 1995) is a former Vietnamese American tennis player. He played collegiately for the Virginia Cavaliers. On 29 May 2017, Kwiatkowski won the NCAA Men's Singles Championship.
Abertzale Sozialista Komiteak
Abertzale Sozialista Komiteak (English: Patriotic Socialist Committees; ASK) was a grassroots socialist and pro-self-management movement in the Basque Country. Its origins were the Herri Batzarak movement in Bizkaia.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
Mabuza
Mabuza is a Nguni surname popular in South Africa and Eswatini. Notable people with the surname include:

David Mabuza (1960–2025), South African politician

Enos John Mabuza (1939–1997), South African politician

Jabulani Mabuza (born 1972), Eswatini politician and businessman

Kaizer Mabuza (born 1980), South African boxer

Lady Howard Mabuza, Eswatini politician

Njabulo Mabuza, Swazi businessman and politician

Qinisile Mabuza, Swazi judge

Richard Mabuza (1946–2018), Swazi long-distance runner

Silence Mabuza (born 1977), South African boxer

Thabo Mabuza (born 1994), South African rugby union player

Thabo Mabuza
Sikhumbuzo Thabo Mabuza (born 1 February 1994 in Nelspruit, South Africa) is a South African rugby union player for the Falcons in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. He generally plays as an openside flanker.
Tawfiq Kreishan
Tawfiq Kreishan (Arabic : توفيق كريشان ) (born 1947) is a Jordanian politician serving as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Municipal Affairs in Bisher Al-Khasawneh's Cabinet from  12 October 2020  to September 15  2024 .

He graduated in accounting and business administration from Beirut Arab University. He was a member of the Senate, and was minister of Parliamentary affairs twice. He was also minister of Municipal Affairs five times. The first time he became a minister was in 1996. Before that he became a member of Parliament five times; twice in the Lower house, and three times in the Senate.

Bisher Al-Khasawneh's Cabinet
Prime Minister Bisher Al-Khasawneh was tasked with forming a cabinet on 7 October 2020. He was sworn in along with his cabinet on 12 October 2020. The two exceptions were Minister of State Mahmoud Kharabsheh who had been tested positive for COVID-19, and Minister of State for Follow-up and Government Coordination Nawaf Wasfi Tell who had to follow quarantine requirements after return from abroad.

The cabinet saw reshuffles in March and October 2021, October 2022, and September 2023.
Vujić
Vujić (Serbian: Вујић) is a Serbo-Croatian surname, a patronymic derived from the masculine given name Vuja, a diminutive of the name Vuk (meaning "wolf"). The surname has been historically anglicized into Vuyich, Vuyitch, Vuich. In Hungary, the surname is written Vujity, though still pronounced as in Serbo-Croatian.

Princely Serbian Theatre
The Princely Serbian Theatre (Serbian Cyrillic: Књажевско-српски театар) is the oldest theatre in Central Serbia. It is based in City of Kragujevac, the fourth largest city of Serbia. The theatre was founded in 1835 by Miloš Obrenović, Prince of Serbia. In the time when theatre was founded, Kragujevac was the first capital of the Principality of Serbia.
Nike-Iroquois
Nike Iroquois is the designation of a two-stage American sounding rocket. The Nike Iroquois was launched 213 times between 1964 and 1978. The maximum flight height of the Nike Iroquois amounts to 290 km (950,000 ft), the takeoff thrust 48,800 lbf (217 kN), the takeoff weight 700 kg and the length 8.00 m.

Sounding rocket
A sounding rocket or rocketsonde, sometimes called a research rocket or a suborbital rocket, is an instrument-carrying rocket designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. The rockets are often used to launch instruments from 50 to 150 km (30 to 90 mi) above the surface of the Earth, the altitude generally between weather balloons and satellites; the maximum altitude for balloons is about 40 km (25 mi), and the minimum for satellites is approximately 120 km (75 mi).

Due to their suborbital flight profile, sounding rockets are often much simpler than their counterparts built for orbital flight. Certain sounding rockets have an apogee between 1,000 and 1,500 km (600 and 900 mi), such as the Black Brant X and XII. Sounding rockets may be flown to altitudes as high as 3,000 km (2,000 mi) to allow observing times of around 40 minutes to provide geophysical observations of the magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere.
2011 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' doubles
Liam Broady and Tom Farquharson were the defending champions but Farquharson was no longer eligible to compete as a Junior. Broady competed with Filip Horanský and lost in the semifinals to George Morgan and Mate Pavić.

Morgan and Pavić defeated Oliver Golding and Jiří Veselý in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 7–5 to win the boys' doubles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships.

Jiří Veselý
Jiří Veselý (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪr̝iː ˈvɛsɛliː]; born 10 July 1993) is a Czech professional tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 35 on 27 April 2015.

Veselý is perhaps best known for being one of the two players to have defeated Novak Djokovic multiple times with no losses throughout his career (along with Marat Safin).
Yannick Nyanga
Yannick Nyanga (born 19 December 1983 in Kinshasa, Zaire) is a former professional rugby union player who played as a flanker for Racing 92 and France, and is also known for his long tenure at Toulouse. He was a part of the victorious French team of the 2006 Six Nations Championship.

Nyanga plays at flanker in the style of a classic carrier with explosive pace from the scrum and excellent ability to support backs in later phases of play and good leg muscles to drive through the tackle, although being relatively light for a back row forward he can contain larger and more physical opposite numbers in rucks and mauls.

Rugby union gameplay
Rugby union is a contact sport that consists of two teams of fifteen players. The objective is to obtain more points than the opposition through scoring tries or kicking goals over eighty minutes of playing time. The play is started with one team drop-kicking the ball from the halfway line towards the opposition. The rugby ball can be moved up the field by either carrying it or kicking it. However, when passing the ball it can only be thrown laterally or backward. The opposition can stop players moving up the field by tackling them. Only players carrying the ball can be tackled and once a tackle is completed the opposition can compete for the ball. Play continues until a try is scored, the ball crosses the side line or dead-ball line, or an infringement occurs. After a team scores points, the non-scoring team restarts the game at the halfway with a drop kick toward the opposition. The team with the most points at the end wins the game.
Ghazali Sulaiman
Ghazali bin Sulaiman is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Besi since August 2023. He is a member of Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN).

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
The Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. It consists of 32 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are customarily held alongside elections to the federal parliament during a general election.

The State Assembly convenes at the Wisma Darul Iman in the state capital, Kuala Terengganu.

All 32 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election, effectively making it a one-party state. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 27 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a supermajority in the assembly.
Pembina, Missouri
Pembina is an unincorporated community in northern Christian County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community was located at the intersection of Missouri routes 125 and U, approximately 1.5 miles north of Linden and Finley Creek. The Pembina Cemetery is approximately one mile to the northwest, across Parched Corn Hollow in the center of Section 33.

Parched Corn Creek
Parched Corn Creek or Parched Corn Hollow is a stream valley in Christian and Greene counties in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. It is a tributary of Finley Creek.

The stream headwaters in southeastern Greene County are at 37°05′41″N 93°06′39″W﻿ / ﻿37.09472°N 93.11083°W﻿ / 37.09472; -93.11083 and the confluence with Finley Creek in Ozark County is at 37°02′29″N 93°10′28″W﻿ / ﻿37.04139°N 93.17444°W﻿ / 37.04139; -93.17444. The source area for the stream is in the southeast corner of Greene County and it flows to the southwest into Christian County and crosses under Missouri Route 125. It continues on southwest to join the Finley about halfway between Linden and Ozark.

According to oral etymology, Parched Corn Creek was so named as it was typically as dry as parched corn.
Kaiser tower
Emperor towers or Kaiser towers (German: Kaisertürme or Kaiserwarten) are monuments that were built up to 1918 in honour of the German emperors William I, Frederick III and Wilhelm II in the German Empire or for Emperor Franz Josef in Austria-Hungary.

The construction of these towers was also intended to counter the so-called Bismarck cult which had resulted, for example, in the erection of hundreds of Bismarck towers and columns.

Bismarck tower
A Bismarck tower (German: Bismarckturm) is a specific type of monument built according to a more or less standard model across Germany to honour its first chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (d. 1898). A total of 234 of these towers were inventoried by Kloss and Seele in 2007 but more have been discovered since making the total around 240. These towers were built between 1869 and 1934 and some 173 remain today.  Quite a few of these towers, including all 47 based on Wilhelm Kreis's Götterdämmerung design, were built as so-called Bismarck Columns (Bismarcksäulen) or were converted into them. This description goes back to the Student Union's competition held in 1899, which was to encourage the erection of as many beacons as possible (and not observation towers). But other Bismarck towers, e.g., those that were purely beacons with no observation function, were often called Bismarck columns.
Sapy, Łódź Voivodeship
Sapy [ˈsapɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Domaniewice, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Domaniewice, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Łowicz, and 33 km (21 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Łowicz County
Łowicz County (Polish: powiat łowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łowicz, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 987.13 square kilometres (381.1 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 82,338, out of which the population of Łowicz was 30,204, and the rural population was 52,134.
Direct Democracy (Polish parliamentary group)
Direct Democracy (Polish: Demokracja Bezpośrednia, DB) is a right-wing parliamentary group in the Sejm of Poland, founded on 18 October 2024 by Kukiz’15 members. Before 2026, it was known as the Free Republicans.

Jan Krzysztof Ardanowski
Jan Krzysztof Ardanowski (born 11 February 1961) is a Polish politician, farmer and member of the Sejm since 2011. He served as the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development  between 20 June 2018 and 6 October 2020.
Roberto Camardiel
Roberto Camardiel Escudero (29 November 1917 – 15 June 1989) was a Spanish theatre director and actor.

He appeared in Culpables and Bajo el cielo andaluz (1960), both directed by Arturo Ruiz-Castillo and starring  Marifé de Triana. In 1964 he got the Premio Nacional a la Mejor Interpretación Principal Masculina for his roles in Isidro Labrador, directed by Rafael J. Salvia, and Piedra de toque, directed by Julio Buchs, delivered by the minister D. José Solís Ruiz. He appeared in El Cristo del Océano (1971), directed by Tito Fernández, based on a book by Anatole France and starring Nino del Arco, Paolo Gozlino, José Suárez, Pilar Velázquez, Leonard Mann, Elio Marconato, José Manuel Martín, Ana Farra, Juan A. Elices, Goyo Lebrero, María Elena Arpón and Perla Cristal.

He died on 15 June 1989 from a bone disease at the age of 71. In October 2008 a park near Urbanización Kasan was named after him by the Consejo de Gobierno de Zaragoza.

Anatole France
Anatole France (French: [anatɔl fʁɑ̃s]; born François-Anatole Thibault [frɑ̃swa anatɔl tibo]; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie Française, and won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament".

France is also widely believed to be the model for narrator Marcel's literary idol Bergotte in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.
Richard E. Peterson
Richard Ely Peterson (July 17, 1920 – December 21, 2009) was an American politician.

Born in Waupaca, Wisconsin, Peterson was in the United States Army in the 32nd Infantry Division of the Wisconsin Army National Guard during World War II. He was in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1951 to 1965 as a Republican.

He received his bachelor's and law degrees from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of Wisconsin Law School. He was a family court commissioner, and he and his wife opened an antique store.

University of Wisconsin Law School
The University of Wisconsin Law School is the law school of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin. Founded in 1868, the school is guided by a "law in action" legal philosophy which emphasizes the role of the law in practice and society. It offers the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees; Juris Doctor graduates of the law school receive admission to the Wisconsin bar without taking a traditional bar examination via diploma privilege.
Waiting for the Moon (film)
Waiting for the Moon is a 1987 internationally co-produced drama film starring Linda Hunt, Linda Bassett, Bernadette Lafont, Bruce McGill, Jacques Boudet and Andrew McCarthy. The film was written by Mark Magill and directed by Jill Godmilow.

Fernande Olivier
Fernande Olivier (born Amélie Lang; 6 June 1881 – 29 January 1966) was a French artist and model known primarily for having been the model and first muse of painter Pablo Picasso, and for her written accounts of her relationship with him. Picasso painted over 60 portraits of Olivier.
Silvia Sorina Munteanu
Silvia-Sorina Munteanu (born in Ghioroc, Arad County) is a Romanian opera singer.

Munteanu made her debut in 1996 in Georges Bizet's Carmen. She has been a soloist at the Romanian National Opera, Timișoara, at the Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca, and since 2003 at the Romanian National Opera, Bucharest. Aside from her native country, she has performed in Frankfurt, Essen, Sofia, Varna, Prague, Bratislava, and Budapest, as well as at festivals in other European countries, Thailand, and the United States.

Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt
Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt (lit. 'Municipal stages of Frankfurt') is the municipal theatre company of Frankfurt, the largest city of Hesse Germany. The name dates back to 1919. The company is structured today in two organisations, Oper Frankfurt for opera, and Schauspiel Frankfurt for drama (Schauspiel).

The largest venue for both organisations is their common home, the Opern- und Schauspielhaus at the Willy-Brandt-Platz in the centre of Frankfurt. It was opened in 1963 at the location of the former Schauspielhaus. The Bockenheimer Depot is an external stage for both organisations.
Mózes Csoma
Mózes Csoma (Korean: 초머 모세; born May 11, 1978) is a Hungarian Koreanist. He researches current and historical events in Korea. He is an associate professor with a habitation degree and a senior research fellow.

From 2008, he was a professor at the Faculty of Humanities of the Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, responsible for establishing and managing the first Korean Department in Hungary. From February 2018, he serves as a senior research fellow at the National University of Public Service in Budapest. Beginning with September 2018, he serves as the ambassador of Hungary to the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

From 2023, he works as the head of the Department of Korean Studies at the Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary.

Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary
Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary (Hungarian: Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem), also known as KRE, is a Christian university in Budapest, Hungary.  The university is named after Gáspár Károlyi. The university, which is among Hungary's top 10 universities, blends the heritage of Protestant Christian learning with modern professional advancements.
2016 Colorado Proposition 106
Proposition 106, also known as the Access to Medical Aid in Dying Initiative, was an initiated state statute that appeared on the November 8, 2016, ballot in the state of Colorado. The measure enacted the End of Life Options Act, legalizing assisted death for patients with a terminal illness who are expected to die within six months.

The proposition was approved by nearly 65% of Colorado voters, making Colorado the 6th state to legalize assisted dying.

Assisted dying
Assisted dying, assisted death, aid in dying, medical aid in dying, medical assistance in dying (MAiD) or help to die is the involvement of healthcare professionals in the provision of lethal drugs intended to end a patient’s life, subject to eligibility criteria and safeguards.

Assisted dying is a broad concept, which encompasses:

Assisted suicide, the practice of helping or assisting another person to end their own life.

Euthanasia, the practice of otherwise intentionally ending someone's life to relieve pain and suffering.

Palliative sedation, which may in some cases accelerate the death of the patient, so sometimes it is also considered an assisted death.
Cyclone Carmen
Cyclone Carmen (or Windstorm Carmen) was an extratropical cyclone and European windstorm which crossed the Atlantic Ocean and affected the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands in November 2010.

Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones are low-pressure areas which, along with anticyclones, drive the weather over much of the mid-latitudes of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of producing a range of weather conditions from wind, cloudiness and mild showers to severe hail, thunderstorms, blizzards, and tornadoes. This type of cyclone is thus defined as a large scale (synoptic) low pressure weather system occurring in the middle latitudes of the Earth. In contrast with tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones produce rapid changes in temperature and dew point along broad lines called weather fronts, which are present about the center of the cyclone.
Ilias Kementzides
Ilias Kementzides (April 2, 1926 - November 11, 2006) was an American musician of Pontian Greek descent. He both played and sang Pontian Greek folk music. His main instrument was the lyra, which is a type of kemenche. In 1989, he received the National Heritage Fellowship for his folk music career.

Kemençe of the Black Sea
The Kemençe of the Black Sea (Turkish: Karadeniz kemençesi, Greek: Ποντιακή λύρα Pontiakí lýra or Pontic lyre, Laz: Çilili (ჭილილი), Armenian: քամանի Qamani, Pontic: lyra) is a traditional musical instrument. It belongs to the category of stringed bowed musical instruments. It has three strings, usually tuned to perfect fourths, usually tuned B-E-A. It is the pre-eminent musical folk instrument originated from the Northeastern Turkey, especially around the Eastern Black Sea Region and historically and currently played by Turkish and Pontic Greek folk artists from Turkey and Greece. The instrument is made of different types of wood.