hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steven Ho (politician)
Steven Ho Chun-yin, BBS (traditional Chinese: 何俊賢; simplified Chinese: 何俊贤; born 30 November 1979), is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong representing the election committee constituency since 2026. He represented the functional constituency for Agriculture and Fisheries from 2012 to 2025. He is a member of Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong party.

Functional constituency (Hong Kong)
In the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, a functional constituency (FC; Chinese: 功能界別 and formerly 功能組別 before handover of Hong Kong) is a seat of which member is elected by professional or special interest group only. Eligible voters in a functional constituency may include natural persons as well as other designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. The functional constituency has long been criticised to be undemocratic and not representative, with persistent calls from the democracy advocates to abolish all of them for a genuine universal suffrage to elect the legislature.
John C. Tyson (librarian)
John C. Tyson (August 4, 1951 – November 7, 1995) was the first African-American State Librarian of Virginia. Tyson received his bachelor's degree from Concord College in West Virginia and master's degrees from the University of Illinois and West Virginia University, and his doctorate in library administration from Simmons College in Boston.

Dr. Tyson was appointed Virginia State Librarian by Governor Douglas Wilder in 1990. He was the first African American to hold the position in Virginia and only the second in the nation to head a state library system. Tyson was a strong advocate of public access to state library resources and spearheaded efforts to connect the Library of Virginia to all libraries in the Commonwealth.

Tyson served for five years as University Librarian at the University of Richmond and was a founding member of the Black Caucus of the American Library Association.

Concord University
Concord University is a public university in Athens, West Virginia, United States. It was founded in 1872 by an act of the West Virginia Legislature, creating a normal school led by veterans of both the Union and the Confederacy.

Founded as a normal school for teacher preparation, Concord has transitioned to a comprehensive university.

The campus is situated on a knoll overlooking the Appalachian Mountains. It describes itself as "The Campus Beautiful." It also operates a teaching center and conducts classes in Beckley, West Virginia.
Yordan Filipov
Yordan Filipov (Bulgarian: Йордан Филипов; 18 June 1946 - 27 July 1996) was a Bulgarian footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was maternal grandfather of Andrey Galabinov. 
In his career Filipov played for Rozova Dolina, Spartak Plovdiv, CSKA Sofia, Sliven, Dunav Ruse, Rabat Ajax and Cherno More Varna, with whom he became the oldest player to appear in the Bulgarian A Group. Filipov played his last career game on 26 November 1988 at Ticha Stadium against Lokomotiv Plovdiv at 42 years, 5 months and 8 days.

Between 1965 and 1980 Filipov won nine A Group titles and four Bulgarian Cups with CSKA, playing 188 league matches.

Rabat Ajax F.C.
Rabat Ajax Football Club is a Maltese football club based in Rabat. The last promotion to the Maltese Premier League was achieved in the 2011–12 season, when they earned promotion after finishing second behind Melita. In the 2020–21 National Amateur League season, the club finished 4th in group B, qualifying for the promotion playoffs. After beating Msida St. Joseph and Marsaskala in the quarter and semi finals respectively, they reached the final against Kirkop United. The Magpies won the final 2–1, securing themselves the fourth and final promotion spot to the following seasons Challenge League.
MeteoSwiss
MeteoSwiss, officially the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, is an office of the federal administration of Switzerland. It employs 290 people at locations in Zurich, Zurich Airport, Geneva, Locarno and Payerne.

Payerne
Payerne (French: [pajɛʁn]; Arpitan: Payèrna) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the seat of the district of Payerne, and is now part of the district of Broye-Vully. The German name Peterlingen for the town is out of use.
Uzunköprüspor
Uzunköprüspor is a Turkish sports club from Uzunköprü near Edirne in Turkey. The clubs plays in yellow and green kits, and have done so since their formation in 1970. In 2013–2014 season, Uzunköprüspor participated in Amatör Futbol Ligleri.

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Peter Lawrenson
Peter John Lawrenson (12 March 1933 – 27 October 2017) was an Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Leeds who pioneered and championed the development of switched reluctance drive technology. He also made significant contributions to the analysis and computation of magnetic fields and electrical machines in general, writing several notable text books along with colleagues Kenneth Binns, Martyn Harris and J. Michael Stephenson  and latterly with C.W. ("Bill") Trowbridge.

Institution of Electrical Engineers
The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and information technology professionals, especially electrical engineers. It began in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. In 2006, it merged with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers and the new organisation is Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Notable past presidents have included Lord Kelvin (1889), Sir Joseph Swan (1898) and Sebastian de Ferranti (1910–11). Notable chairmen include John M. M. Munro (1910–11).
Orange and Bronze Software Labs
Orange and Bronze (O&B) is a privately owned computer software development company based in the Philippines. The company delivers software consulting, product engineering, and IT training services with a focus on Java software development. O&B specializes in developing and deploying web applications using Java-based frameworks and technologies such as Spring (framework), Grails (framework), Hibernate (Java), Google Maps API, Google App Engine, and Android.

O&B develops software using the Agile software development methods. The company is the first Philippine-based SpringSource partner (now VMware vFabric)  and listed as a Grails framework development company.

O&B is also an authorized reseller of the Pentaho Business Intelligence Suite.

Spring Framework
The Spring Framework is an application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform. The framework's core features can be used by any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Jakarta EE platform. The framework does not impose any specific programming model. The framework has become popular in the Java community as an addition to the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) model. The Spring Framework is free and open source software.: 121–122
Adomas
Adomas is a Lithuanian language given name, the Lithuanized form of the name  Adam. Notable people known under this name include:

Pranas Končius (code name Adomas; died 1965), last anti-Soviet Lithuanian partisan killed in action

Icikas Meskupas (pseudonym Adomas; 1907–1942), leader of the Lithuanian Komsomol and Communist Party in interwar Lithuania

Adomas Drungilas (born 1990), Lithuanian professional basketball player

Adomas Galdikas (1893–1969), Lithuanian painter, graphic artist, and scenographer

Adomas Šernas (1884–1965), Lithuanian Calvinist priest

Adomas Varnas (1879–1979), Lithuanian painter, photographer, collector, philanthropist, and educator

Icikas Meskupas-Adomas
Icikas Meskupas pseudonym Adomas (20 August 1907 – 13 March 1942) was a leader of the Lithuanian Komsomol and Communist Party in interwar Lithuania. He was elected to the People's Seimas and the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. He became the second secretary of the party in February 1941. For his communist activities, he was arrested and imprisoned several times by Lithuania and once by Nazi Germany. During World War II, he joined the Soviet partisans and was killed in a shootout with the Lithuanian police.
1987 Japanese Touring Car Championship
The 1987 All Japan Touring Car Champion was the 3rd edition of the series. It began at Mine on 21 March and finished after six events at Suzuka on 4 December. The championship was won by Naoki Nagasaka, driving for Object T.

Mine Circuit
Mine Circuit (みねサーキット) was a 3.331 km (2.070 mi) motor racing circuit in Nagao, Nishiatsu-cho, Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It used to be known as Nishinihon. The track closed in February 2006 as it was sold to Mazda for development purposes.

It was one of the main circuits in Japanese motorsport; until 2005, every year, one or more races of the most important national categories, (the Japan GT Championship and Formula Nippon series) were held at this circuit.
Recurve-billed bushbird
The recurve-billed bushbird (Clytoctantes alixii) is an Endangered species of Thamnophilid antbird that inhabits dense stands of secondary vegetation at the northern end of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela. It is named for its extraordinary bill, which curves upwards. Until 2007, the bird was almost unknown in life and apart from earlier specimens it had only been seen in life once at an army ant swarm in Colombia in 1965.

Endangered species (IUCN status)
Endangered species, as classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), are species which have been categorized as very likely to become extinct in their known native ranges in the near future. On the IUCN Red List, endangered is the second-most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after critically endangered. In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered worldwide. The figures for 1998 were 1,102 and 1,197 respectively.
Daba language
Daba (also known as Dabba) is a Chadic dialect cluster spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province and in one village in neighboring Nigeria. Blench (2006) considers Mazagway to be a dialect.

Daba is spoken throughout the northern part of the Mayo-Louti department in the Northern Region (in Mayo-Oulo commune), extending slightly into Mayo-Tsanaga Department (in Hina and Bourrha communes) and Diamaré Department (Ndoukoula commune in the Far North Region). Daba (Kanakana), the most western variety that is isolated from the rest of the dialects, is spoken in Douroum, in the northern part of the Mayo-Oulo commune and in the Garoua Daba area (enclave of Hina commune) and in Bourrha commune. Tpala, in the northeast, is spoken in the Ndoukoula area.

Mayo-Louti
Mayo-Louti is a department of North Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 4,161 km2 (1,607 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a total population of 334,312. The capital of the department is Guider.
Cape Codder
Cape Codder can denote:

A resident or native of Cape Cod

The Cape Codder (train), a former Amtrak train

The Cape Codder (NH train), a former New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad train

Cape Codder (cocktail), a cocktail

The Cape Codders, a former hockey team

Cape Codder (NH train)
The Cape Codder was a pair of day and night passenger trains run by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (NH) from the latter 1920s to the mid 1960s, with some brief interruptions. Its distinction was the longest tenure of direct summertime New York City to Cape Cod trains. With the improvement of highways in southeastern Massachusetts, passenger rail traffic diminished, and the Cape Codder service ended with the New Haven Railroad's discontinuing of passenger rail service to Cape Cod.
Acırlı, Midyat
Acırlı (Kurdish: Derizbîn; Syriac: ܙܒܝܢܐ  ܡܪܝ, romanized: Dayro Zbino) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,069 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). The village is populated by Kurds of the Kercoz tribe and Mhallami. It is located in the historic region of Bēth Muḥallam in Tur Abdin.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Palkil
Palkil (Persian: پلكيل, also Romanized as Palḵīl; also known as Pol Kal) is a village in Helilan Rural District, Helilan District, Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 5 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
SC Hazebrouck
Sporting Club Hazebrouckois is a French football club based in Hazebrouck, Nord-Pas-de-Calais. It was founded in 1907. The club currently plays in the Championnat de France Amateurs 2, the fifth tier of the French football league system.

Hazebrouck
Hazebrouck (French pronunciation: [azbʁuk] ⓘ; Dutch: Hazebroek, pronounced [ˈɦaːzəbruk]; West Flemish: Oazebroeke) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France. It was a small market town in Flanders until it became an important railway junction in the 1860s. West Flemish was the usual language until 1880, when French was taught at school by mandate of the French government in an effort to "Frenchify" the people of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and to extinguish their Flemish roots. The development of the railways linked Hazebrouck to Lille to Calais and Dunkirk.
Arlen (given name)
Arlen is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Arlen Erdahl (1931–2023), American politician

Arlen Escarpeta (born 1981), Belizean actor

Arlen Harris (born 1980), American football player

Arlen Lancaster, chief of the United States Department of Agriculture

Arlen López (born 1993), Cuban boxer

Arlen Ness (1939–2019), American motorcycle designer

Arlen Roth (born 1952), American guitarist

Arlen Siegfreid (1946–2020), American politician

Arlen Siu (1955–1975), Chinese-Nicaraguan writer

Arlen Specter (1930–2012), American politician

Arlen Thompson, drummer of the indie rock group Wolf Parade

Arlen Siegfreid
Arlen Herbert Siegfreid (August 23, 1946 - April 11, 2020) was a Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 15th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 121st district briefly from 2013 until his resignation a few months later.
The Newspaper (film)
The Newspaper (Sinhala: ද නිවුස් පේපර්) is a 2020 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama thriller film co-directed by Sarath Kothalawala and Kumara Thirimadura. It is produced by Bandula Gunawardane along with Ravindra Guruge and H.D. Premasiri. It stars both directors Kothalawala and Thirimadura in lead roles where Gihan Fernando, Dharmapriya Dias and Pubudu Chathuranga made supportive roles. Music composed by Gayathri Khemadasa.

A special screening of the film was held at the Savoy Premier Hall in Wellawatte on 29 June 2020. A special screening will be held on the 24 July 2020 at 4 pm at the Wilmax Cinema Hall in Anuradhapura. A special screening and dialogue of the film was held on the 3 September 2020 at the Savoy Premiere (Roxy) Cinema Hall, Wellawatte.

Gihan Fernando
Gihan Adrian Camil Fernando (born 30 August 1967: Sinhala: ගිහාන් ප්‍රනාන්දු), popularly as Gihan Fernando, is an actor in Sri Lankan cinema, stage drama and television as well as a playwright and singer.
Positive systems
Positive systems constitute a class of systems that has the important property that its state variables are never negative, given a positive initial state. These systems appear frequently in practical applications, as these variables represent physical quantities, with positive sign (levels, heights, concentrations, etc.).

The fact that a system is positive has important implications in the control system design. For instance, an asymptotically stable positive linear time-invariant system always admits a diagonal quadratic Lyapunov function, which makes these systems more numerical tractable in the context of Lyapunov analysis.

It is also important to take this positivity into account for state observer design, as standard observers (for example Luenberger observers) might give illogical negative values.

Diagonal matrix
In linear algebra, a diagonal matrix is a matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero; the term usually refers to square matrices. Elements of the main diagonal can either be zero or nonzero. An example of a 2×2 diagonal matrix is , while an example of a 3×3 diagonal matrix is. An identity matrix of any size, or any multiple of it is a diagonal matrix called a scalar matrix, for example, . 
In geometry, a diagonal matrix may be used as a scaling matrix, since matrix multiplication with it results in changing scale (size) and possibly also shape; only a scalar matrix results in uniform change in scale.
1993 Newsweek Champions Cup – Doubles
Steve DeVries and David Macpherson were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Shelby Cannon and Dave Randall.

Guy Forget and Henri Leconte won the title, defeating Luke Jensen and Scott Melville 6–4, 7–5 in the final.

Steve DeVries
Steve DeVries (born December 8, 1964) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

DeVries enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles.  During his career he won 4 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 5 times.  He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world no. 18 in 1993.  During his tour days DeVries lived in San Mateo, California. Steve is currently the Head Tennis Professional at Green Valley Country Club in Fairfield, California.
Beer, Haripur
Beer, or Bir, (بیڑ) is one of the 44 union councils, administrative subdivisions, of Haripur District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is also a tourist site within the district of Haripur.

The village of Chaintri is part of Bir.

Haripur District
Haripur District (Hindko, Urdu: ضلع ہری پور) is a district in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Before obtaining the status of a district in 1991, Haripur was a tehsil of Abbottabad District Its headquarters are the city of Haripur. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Haripur District is 1,173,056 (1.1 million).
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I (Arabic: أبو إسحاق إبراهيم) was the Hafsid emir of Ifriqiya (1279–1283).

Ibrahim came to power during the struggles that broke out under Yahya II al-Wathiq. In contrast to his two predecessors, he only held the title of emir and did not claim the caliphate for himself. He was overthrown by the rebellion of Ibn Abi Umara.

Béjaïa
Béjaïa (/bɪˈdʒaɪə/ bij-EYE-ə; Arabic: بجاية, romanized: Bijāya, pronounced [biˈdʒaːja], locally [ˈb(d)ʒæːjə]), formerly known as Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city and commune on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province.
Camp Ashcan
Central Continental Prisoner of War Enclosure No. 32, code-named Ashcan, was an Allied prisoner-of-war camp in the Palace Hotel of Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg during World War II. Operating from May to August 1945, it served as a processing station and interrogation center for the 86 most prominent surviving Nazi leaders prior to their trial in Nuremberg, including Hermann Göring and Karl Dönitz.

A British counterpart of Ashcan, Camp Dustbin in Castle Kransberg near Frankfurt am Main, housed prisoners of a more technical inclination including Albert Speer and Wernher von Braun.

Kransberg Castle
Kransberg Castle is situated on a steep rock near Kransberg (incorporated into Usingen in 1971), a village with about 800 inhabitants in the Taunus mountains in the German state of Hesse, about 40 kilometers north of Frankfurt. The medieval building, which acquired its current appearance in the late 19th century, served military and intelligence purposes in World War II and during the Cold War. It was returned to its original representation purposes during the second half of the 20th century, and briefly became a business park for small information technology and internet companies in the early post-millennium years.
Nishadas
Nishada (niṣāda) is a tribe mentioned in ancient Indian literature (such as the epic Mahabharata). The ancient texts mention several kingdoms ruled by this tribe.

In the Mahabharata, the Nishadas are described as hunters, fishermen, mountaineers or raiders that have the hills and the forests as their abode.  Their origin is associated with a king called Vena who became a slave to wrath and malice, and became unrighteous. Sages killed him for his malice and wrongdoings. Ekalavya is stated to be an archer of a Nishada tribe in the text. In the epic Ramayana, a king named Guha of the Nishada clan assists Rama during his period of exile.

Apastamba Dharmasutra
Āpastamba Dharmasūtra (Sanskrit: आपस्तम्ब धर्मसूत्र) is a Sanskrit text and one of the oldest Dharma - post-vedic smriti-related texts of Hinduism that have survived into the modern age from the 1st millennium BCE. It is one of three extant Dharmasutras texts from the Taittiriya school which is relatively newer in comparison to Maitrayaniya shakha of Krishna Yajurveda, the other two being Baudhayana Dharmasutra and Hiranyakesin Dharmasutra.

The Apastamba Dharmasutra is part of Apastamba Kalpasutra collection, along with Apastamba Shrautasutra and Apastamba Grihyasutra. One of the best preserved ancient texts on Dharma, it is also notable for mentioning and citing views of ten ancient experts on Dharma, which has led scholars to conclude that there existed a rich genre of Dharmasutras text in ancient India before this text was composed.