hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen Bullock
Stephen Bullock (October 10, 1735 – February 2, 1816) was a United States representative from Massachusetts. Born in Rehoboth in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, he attended the common schools, taught school, and was a captain of the Sixth Company in Col. Thomas Carpenter III's Regiment of Massachusetts militia during the Revolutionary War, and was in the Battle of Rhode Island in 1778. He was a delegate to the first State constitutional convention in 1780 and was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1783, 1785, 1786, 1795, and 1796.

Bullock was elected as a Federalist to the Fifth Congress, serving from March 4, 1797 to March 3, 1799. He was judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Bristol County and from 1803 to 1805 was a member of the Governor's council. He died in Rehoboth; interment was in Burial Place Hill.

Bristol County, Massachusetts
Bristol County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 579,200. The shire town is Taunton. Some governmental functions are performed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, others by the county, and others by local towns and cities. The county is the sixth most populous county in Massachusetts. Bristol County is part of the Providence metropolitan area, which is also included in Greater Boston. The county is adjacent to the state of Rhode Island. It is geographically adjacent to the Massachusetts counties of Plymouth, Norfolk, and Dukes (via water), and the Rhode Island counties of Bristol, Newport, and Providence.
National American Indian Memorial
The National American Indian Memorial or North American Indian Memorial was a proposed monument to Native Americans to be erected on a bluff overlooking the Narrows, the main entrance to New York Harbor.  The major part of the memorial was to be a 165-foot-tall (50 m) statue of a representative American Indian warrior atop a substantial foundation building housing a museum of native cultures, similar in scale to, but higher than, the Statue of Liberty several miles to the north.  Ground was broken to begin construction in 1913 but the project was never completed and no physical trace remains today.

The proposal was associated with the Wanamaker expeditions of that era, and the concept of memorializing the "Vanishing Indian".

The Narrows
40°36′48″N 74°02′53″W﻿ / ﻿40.61333°N 74.04806°W﻿ / 40.61333; -74.04806

The Narrows is the tidal strait separating the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New York City. It connects the Upper New York Bay and Lower New York Bay (of larger New York Bay) and forms the principal channel by which the Hudson River flowing south from upstate New York and the New England regions, empties into the Atlantic Ocean. It has long been considered to be the maritime gateway to New York City and the Northeastern United States on the East Coast of North America, and historically has been one of the most important entrances into the seaport harbors of the Port of New York and New Jersey.
Greater London Built-up Area
The Greater London Built-up Area, or Greater London Urban Area, is a conurbation in south-east England that constitutes the continuous urban sprawl of London, and includes surrounding adjacent urban towns as defined by the Office for National Statistics. It is the largest urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 9,787,426 in 2011.

London Borough of Enfield
The London Borough of Enfield (pronunciationⓘ) is a London borough in Greater London, England. The main communities in the borough are Edmonton, Enfield, Southgate and Palmers Green. Enfield is an Outer London borough and forms part of North London, being the northernmost borough and bordering Hertfordshire to the north and Essex to the northeast. The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council, based at Enfield Civic Centre. The borough's population is estimated to be 333,794.

It borders the London boroughs of Barnet to the west, Haringey to the south, and Waltham Forest to the southeast. To the north are the districts of Hertsmere, Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne (in Hertfordshire), and to the east is Epping Forest District in Essex.
Bishop's ʻōʻō
Bishop's ʻōʻō or the Molokai ʻōʻō (Moho bishopi) is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeyeater. The penultimate member of the family, it went extinct six years before the Kauaʻi ʻōʻō. It was previously regarded as member of the Australo-Pacific honeyeaters (Meliphagidae). Lionel Walter Rothschild named it after Charles Reed Bishop, the founder of the Bishop Museum.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
Pascale Montpetit
Pascale Montpetit (born 28 July 1960) is a French Canadian actress. In 1990 she won a Best Actress Genie Award for Darrell Wasyk's H. In 2002 she had a Genie Award for best actress in a supporting role for Mario Azzopardi's Savage Messiah.

She has also won two Gémeaux Awards, one Jutra Award and a Mons International Festival of Love Films Award.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Čeněk of Wartenberg
Čeněk of Wartenberg (Czech: Čeněk z Vartemberka; German: Vinzenz von Wartenberg; c. 1379 – 17 September 1425)  was a commander of the Royalist Bohemian forces at the start of the Hussite Wars. Up until the first half of 1420 he was a commander of the Utraquist League, a moderate fraction of the Hussite movement. As a result of severe atrocities committed by Taborites, members of the more radical part of this movement, he returned to the royalist/Catholic side.

Utraquism
Utraquism (from the Latin sub utraque specie, meaning "under both kinds"), also called Calixtinism (from chalice; Latin: calix, borrowed from Greek kalyx, "shell, husk"; Czech: kališníci), was a belief amongst Hussites, a pre-Protestant reformist Christian movement in fifteenth century Bohemia that communion under both kinds (both the consecrated host and the precious blood, as opposed to the consecrated host alone) should be administered to the laity during the celebration of the Eucharist. Communion in both kinds was a principal dogma of the Hussites and one of the Four Articles of Prague.

After the Hussite movement split into various factions early in the Hussite Wars, Hussites that emphasized the laity's right to communion under both kinds became known as Moderate Hussites, Utraquist Hussites, or simply Utraquists. The Utraquists were the largest Hussite faction.
Nikhil Thakur
Nikhil Thakur (born 08 September 2003) is a hacker and Internet activist, known for exposing scams in Madhya Pradesh. At the age of 13 he had hacked the Madhya Pradesh and later the pan-India BSNL website. He hacked the Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya website. Afterwards Thakur started exposing scams. He exposed the scholarship scam of Arihant, Priyatam,and BM colleges in Indore and later the pre-medical test scam held in Madhya Pradesh.

Internet activism
Internet activism involves the use of electronic-communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular information to large and specific audiences, as well as coordination. Internet technologies are used by activists for cause-related fundraising, community building, lobbying, and organizing. A digital-activism campaign is "an
organized public effort, making collective claims on a target authority, in which civic initiators or supporters use digital media."  Research has started to address specifically how activist/advocacy groups in the U.S. and in Canada use social media to achieve digital-activism objectives.
Álvaro Domínguez (footballer, born 1989)
Álvaro Domínguez Soto (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalβaɾo ðoˈmiŋɡeθ ˈsoto]; born 16 May 1989) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a centre back and left back during the course of his career.

He began playing professional football in 2008 when he made his debut with Atlético Madrid. Domínguez went on to play in 120 competitive games and won three major titles with the club, including two Europa League trophies. In 2012, he signed for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach, where he made just over 100 appearances. His time in Germany was hampered by injuries, however, which ultimately forced him to retire in 2016, at the age of 27.

Prior to his retirement, Domínguez had represented Spain at various youth levels and was part of the team which was triumphant at the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. The following year he was included in the squad which took part in the 2012 Olympics in the United Kingdom and also made his debut for the senior national team.

2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
The 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship was the 18th staging of UEFA's European Under-21 Championship. The final tournament was hosted by Denmark between 11 and 25 June 2011.

The Danish bid was chosen by UEFA's Executive Committee on 10 December 2008 in Nyon, Switzerland. This bid defeated the other bid from Israel.

Qualification for the final tournament took place between March 2009 and October 2010.

This competition also acted as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics, as 3 teams qualified.

Spain won their third title after defeating Switzerland 2–0 in the final.
Molara Ogundipe
Omolara Ogundipe-Leslie Listenⓘ (27 December 1940 – 18 June 2019), also known as Molara Ogundipe and Omolara Leslie, was a Nigerian poet, critic, editor, feminist and activist. Considered one of the foremost writers on African feminism, gender studies and literary theory, she was a social critic who came to be recognized as a viable authority on African women among black feminists and feminists in general. She contributed the piece "Not Spinning on the Axis of Maleness" to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan. She is most celebrated for coining the term STIWA or Social Transformation in Africa Including Women.

Social transformation
In sociology, social transformation is a somewhat ambiguous term that has two broad definitions.

One definition of social transformation is the process by which an individual alters the socially ascribed social status of their parents into a socially achieved status for themselves (status transformation). Another definition refers to large scale social change as in cultural reforms or transformations (societal transformation). The first occurs with the individual, the second with the social system.
Crandon, Wisconsin
Crandon is a city in Forest County, Wisconsin, United States; it is in the northeastern part of the state, about 100 miles (160 km) north of Green Bay. The population was 1,713 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Forest County and is the only incorporated community in the county. The city is located adjacent to the Town of Crandon.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.
Uke-Hunt
Uke-Hunt is a ukulele-based cover band fronted by Spike Slawson from Me First and the Gimme Gimmes. Although both this and the Gimmes are cover bands, they have very different approaches. While the Gimmes generally pick non-rock songs, rock them out and speed them up to turn them into punk music, the songs picked for this band are generally upbeat songs that are then slowed down and mellowed out.

Ukulele
The ukulele (/ˌjuːkəˈleɪli/ YOO-kə-LAY-lee; Hawaiian: [ʔukulele]), also called a uke (informally), is a member of the lute (ancient guitar) family of instruments. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin and was popularized in Hawaii. The tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.

Ukuleles generally have four nylon strings  tuned to GCEA (except baritone, which is normally tuned DGBE). They have 16–22 frets depending on the size.
C. R. Hewitt
Cecil Rolph ("Bill") Hewitt (1901–1994) was a British police officer, journalist, editor, and writer. He served with the City of London Police from 1921 to 1946, rising to the level of Chief Inspector. He then left the force and became a journalist, writing on issues such as censorship and capital punishment. Known as C.R. Hewitt, he also wrote many books and articles, such as Believe What You Like, under the pen name of C.H. Rolph.

As C.H. Rolph he was a founding member of the Homosexual Law Reform Society, of which he served as Chairman in the 1960s.

He was on the editorial staff of the New Statesman (1947–1970), where he "acquired an outstanding reputation as one of the foremost commentators in the country on legal and social matters". He also contributed to the Encyclopædia Britannica, Chambers Encyclopedia, Punch, The Week-End Book, The New Law Journal, The Times Literary Supplement, and The Author.

Chambers's Encyclopaedia
Chambers's Encyclopaedia was founded in 1859 by William and Robert Chambers of Edinburgh and became one of the most important English language encyclopaedias of the 19th and 20th centuries, developing a reputation for accuracy and scholarliness that was reflected in other works produced by the Chambers publishing company. The encyclopaedia is no longer produced.
Kim Roberts (actress)
Kim Roberts is a Canadian actress, best known for her roles as Mayor Goodway in Paw Patrol, Greta on The Sinner, Christine in The Handmaid's Tale, Marnie in Schitt's Creek, Neeva in The Strain, Gloria in Lucky Seven, Camilla in Being Erica, Mazz in The Doodlebops, Mrs. Arvin in I'm Not There, Deborah in Saw III and Saw IV and Mrs. Bosco in The Cheetah Girls.

Sharon, Lois & Bram
Sharon, Lois & Bram (also known as Sharon, Bram & Friends, Sharon & Bram or Sharon & Randi) are a Canadian children's music group founded in Toronto, Ontario, in 1978. The group's original lineup consisted of Sharon (née Trostin) Hampson, Lois Ada (née Goldberg) Lilienstein, and Bramwell "Bram" Morrison.
Bengi
Bengi is a common Turkish given name. It means "eternal", "endless", "never-ending", or "immortal". It is an Oghuz accented version of Bengü which is also a Turkish given name. Compared to Bengü, Bengi has an additional meaning: "a mythical water which gives a person immortal life".

Turkish name
A Turkish name consists of an ad or an isim (given name; plural adlar and isimler) and a soyadı or soyisim (surname). Turkish names exist in a "full name" format. While there is only one soyadı (surname) in the full name there may be more than one ad (given name). Married women may carry both their maiden and husband's surnames. The soyadı is written as the last element of the full name, after all given names (except that official documents related to registration matters often use the format "Soyadı, Adı").
Uvs Lake
Uvs Lake (Mongolian: Увс нуур [ˌʊɸs‿ˈnʊːr], ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ [ubsu naɣur]) is a highly saline lake in an endorheic basin—Uvs Nuur Basin, primarily in Mongolia with a smaller part in Russia. It is the largest lake in Mongolia by surface area, covering 3,350 km2 at 759 m above sea level. 
The northeastern tip of the lake is situated in the Tuva Republic of the Russian Federation. The largest settlement near the lake is Ulaangom. This shallow and very saline body of water is a remainder of a huge saline sea which covered a much larger area several thousand years ago.

Endorheic basin
An endorheic basin (/ˌɛndoʊˈriː.ɪk/ EN-doh-REE-ik; also endoreic basin and endorreic basin) is a drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water (such as rivers and oceans). Instead, the water drainage flows into permanent and seasonal lakes and swamps that equilibrate through evaporation. Endorheic basins are also called closed basins, terminal basins, and internal drainage systems.

Endorheic regions contrast with open lakes (exorheic regions), where surface waters eventually drain into the ocean. In general, water basins with subsurface outflows that lead to the ocean are not considered endorheic; but cryptorheic. Endorheic basins constitute local base levels, defining a limit of the erosion and deposition processes of nearby areas. Endorheic water bodies include the Caspian Sea, which is the world's largest inland body of water.
Coțofenii din Față
Coțofenii din Față is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 1,904 people. It is composed of two villages, Beharca, and Coțofenii din Față. These were part of Almăj Commune until 2004, when they were split off.

The commune is located in the northern part of the county and belongs to the Craiova metropolitan area.

Dolj County
Dolj County (Romanian pronunciation: [dolʒ] ⓘ; originally meant Dol(no)-Jiu, "lower Jiu", as opposed to Gorj (upper Jiu)) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova.
Third government of Israel
The third government of Israel was formed by David Ben-Gurion on 8 October 1951, more than two months after the elections. His Mapai party formed a coalition with Mizrachi, Hapoel HaMizrachi, Agudat Yisrael, Poalei Agudat Yisrael and the three Israeli Arab parties, the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs, Progress and Work and Agriculture and Development. There were 15 ministers.

Agudat Yisrael and Poalei Agudat Yisrael left the coalition on 23 September 1952 (though Kalman Kahana remained a deputy minister) shortly after disagreements over the conscription of women into the IDF. This left the government with only 60 of the 120 seats in the Knesset.

The government resigned on 19 December 1952 due to a dispute with the religious parties over religious education.

Two ministers, Eliezer Kaplan and David-Zvi Pinkas died in office.

Mizrachi (political party)
Mizrachi (Hebrew: המזרחי, HaMizrahi, an acronym for Merkaz Ruhani (מרכז רוחני‎), lit. 'Religious Centre') was a political party in Israel, and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day National Religious Party–Religious Zionism.
Alto Biobío
Alto Biobío is a commune in central Chile, located in the Province of Biobío, in the Biobío Region.

It is part of District No. 21 of the Deputies and Senate Circumscription, No. 10.

The commune of Alto Biobío is characterized mainly by the presence of the Mapuche Pewenche People, who represent 86% of the commune’s population and who are distributed on the banks of the Queuco and Biobio rivers in 12 different communities, named:

Butalelbun

Trap Trapa

Mesh Mesh

Cauñicu

Pitril

Callaqui

Hazel

Quepuca Ralco

Aukin Wallmapu

Ralco Lepoy

Boat

Guayali

The commune of Alto Biobío spans an area of 2,124.6 km2 (820 sq mi).

Biobío Region
The Biobío Region (Spanish: Región del Biobío [ˌbi.oˈβi.o]) is one of Chile's sixteen regions (first-order administrative divisions). With a population of 1.5 million, thus being the third most populated region in Chile, it is divided into three provinces: Arauco, Biobío and Concepción. The latter contains its capital and largest city, Concepción, a major city and metro area in the country. Los Ángeles, capital of the Biobío Province, is another important city in the region.
Copycat (software)
Copycat is a model of analogy making and human cognition based on the concept of the parallel terraced scan, developed in 1988 by Douglas Hofstadter, Melanie Mitchell, and others at the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition, Indiana University Bloomington. The original Copycat was written in Common Lisp and is bitrotten (as it relies on now-outdated graphics libraries for Lucid Common Lisp); however,  Java and Python ports exist. The latest versions are a 2023 JavaScript port by Paul-G2 and a 2018 Python3 port by Lucas Saldyt and J. Alan Brogan.

Software rot
Software rot (bit rot, code rot, software erosion, software decay, or software entropy) is the degradation, deterioration, or loss of the use or performance of software over time.

The Jargon File, a compendium of hacker lore, defines "bit rot" as a jocular explanation for the degradation of a software program over time even if "nothing has changed"; the idea behind this is almost as if the bits that make up the program were subject to radioactive decay.
2024 Surbiton Trophy – Women's doubles
Sophie Chang and Yanina Wickmayer were the reigning champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Emina Bektas and Aleksandra Krunić won the title, defeating Sarah Beth Grey and Tara Moore in the final, 6–1, 6–1.

Sarah Beth Grey
Sarah Beth Grey (born 10 August 1995; formerly known as Sarah Beth Askew) is a British tennis player who specializes in doubles.
She has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 128, achieved on 5 August 2024. She also has a best singles ranking of No. 277, achieved on 1 August 2022. Grey has won one singles title and 26 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2019 Dubai Tennis Championships, after receiving a wildcard into the doubles event, partnering Eden Silva. Grey made her singles WTA Tour debut as a qualifier at the 2021 Nottingham Open, losing in the first round to Leonie Küng.
Three Little Sew and Sews
Three Little Sew and Sews is a 1939 short subject directed by Del Lord starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the 36th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.